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AN INVITATION 
 
 FROM 
 
 THE CHICAGO HERALD 
 
 AND RESIDENTS ARE INVARIABLY 
 INTERESTED IN SEEING JUST 
 
 \rTCTTf\DC HOW A GREAT NEWSPAPER IS 
 
 VlollUlYv!) MADE, AND EVERY FACILITY IS 
 
 CORDIALLY GIVEN THEM BY 
 THE "t ERALD." . . . . . . 
 
 FOR DESCRIPTION OF THIS, T^g M >EL NEWSPAPER 
 BUILDING OF THE WORLD, SEE PAGE 423. . . . 
 
 Ut- A IN 
 
 VISITORS ™ 
 
 ARE WELCOME AT ANY HOUR 
 OF ANY DAY OR NIGHT, AND AS 
 IS NEITHER LOCK NOR 
 KEY TO THE BUILDING, IT 
 NEVER CAN BE CLOSED. . . 
 
 FOR CAREFULLY EXECUTED HALF-TONE PICTURES 
 OF THE " HERALD " BUILDING, SEE INDEX TO ILLUS- 
 TRATIONS, THIS VOLUME. 
 
 THE VISITORS' GALLERY 
 
 OVERLOOKS THE TEN GREAT PRESSES ON WHICH 
 IS PRINTED THAT GREATEST OF TWO-CENT MET- 
 ROPOLITAN NEWSPAPERS, 
 
 THE CHICAGO HERALD. 
 
JPJLSTBST 
 
 ^JVjD JPINBST 
 
 TRAIHS IH AMERICA, 
 
 BAL TIM ORE & OHIO RAILROAD 
 
 New York, Philadelphia, 
 
 Baltimore and ^^ashington 
 
 All Trains Vestibuled from End to End, and protected by Pullman's Anti-Telescoping Appliance, 
 
 including Baggage Cars, Day Coaches, Parlor Cars and Sleepers. 
 
 ALL CARS HEATED BY STEAM AND LIGHTED BY PINTSCH CAS. 
 
 THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD 
 
 Maintains a Complete Service 
 
 of Vestibuled Express 
 
 Trains between 
 
 New York, Cincinnati, 
 St. Louis & Chicago, 
 
 EQUIPPED WITH 
 
 PULLMAN 
 
 PALACE SLEEPING CARS 
 
 Running Through Without Change. 
 
 ALL B. & 0. TRAINS 
 
 BETWEEN THE 
 
 EAST AND WEST 
 
 RUN VIA WASHINGTON. 
 
 1* 
 
 > J 211 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. 
 415 Broadway, New York. 
 Cor. Oth and Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Cor. Baltimore and Calvert Sts., Baltimore, Md 
 1351 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C. 
 
 J, T. ODELL, GENERAL MANAGER. 
 
 PRINCIPAL OFFICES : 
 
 Cor. Wood St. and Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh. Pa. 
 Corner 4th and Vine Streets, Cincinnati, <>. 
 193 Clark Street, Chicago, 111. 
 105 Broadway, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 O. SCULL, GENERAL PASSENGER AGENT. 
 
 CHAS 
 
 BALTIMORE, JVID, 
 
 ii 
 
For 
 
 New York. 
 
 Boston, 
 Mass. 
 
 Albany, N. Y. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Jamestown, 
 N.Y. 
 
 Chautauqua 
 Lake, N. Y. 
 
 Columbus, 0. 
 and all other 
 points 
 on the 
 Erie Lines. 
 
 Erie Lines. 
 
 Chicago to the East. 
 
 Solid Vestibule Trains between 
 
 CHICAGO AND NEW YORK, 
 
 With Pullman Sleeping, Dining and Day Coaches. 
 
 Pullman Buffet Sleeping Cars to Boston, and 
 
 Pullman Sleeping Cars to Ashland, Ky., via Columbus, C, 
 
 EVERY DAY IN THE YEAR. 
 
 No Change of Cars on any Class of Tickets 
 to New York. 
 
 For further information, call on or address 
 
 A. M. WARRELL, 
 City Pass, and Ticket Agt., 
 
 242 Clark St., Chicago. 
 D. I. ROBERTS, 
 
 Gen'l Pass. Agt,, New York, 
 iii 
 
 F. W. BTJSKIRK, 
 Ass't General Passenger Agent, 
 Chicago. 
 A. M. TUCKER, 
 GenU Manager, Cleveland, O. 
 
New Route 
 
 New Train 
 
 Elegant 
 
 Equipment 
 
 VIA TH£ 
 
 ,i'i|, |i""'t| 
 
 iil'iy, 
 
 CENTRAL 
 
 ROUTE. 
 
 ^o7S^ 
 
 SOLID TRAIN 
 
(ESTABLISHED 1836.) 
 
 NORTHERN 
 
 Assurance Company, 
 
 ABERDEEN. I LONDON. 
 
 United States Department Offices: 
 
 BOSTON, CHICAGO, CINCINNATI, 
 
 NEW YORK, SAN FRANCISCO. 
 
 Losses paid since organization, - $35,000,000 
 Losses paid in United States, 6,890,000 
 
 Northwestern Department : 
 
 Wwl. D. CROOKE, Manager, 
 
 226 La Salle Street, CHICAGO. 
 
 Colorado, Dakotas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan. Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, 
 Nebraska, New Mexico, Wisconsin, Wyoming. 
 
 CHICAGO OFFICE: 
 
 153 La Salle Street. 
 
 Telephone 1520, 
 
 Charles Nelson Bishop, - - City Manager. 
 
MARSHALLftEIMQ) 
 
 State and Washington Streets, Chicago. 
 
 Probably of more importance to ladies than any point of inter- 
 est in Chicago, is the retail house of Marshall Field & Co. Rated 
 as it is among the largest in the world, it is by far the most com- 
 plete and most handsomely equipped in Chicago, and a shopping 
 headquarters for the larger portion of its residents. To strangers 
 a most cordial welcome is extended. Waiting Rooms, Check 
 Rooms, Retiring Rooms, and all possible conveniences are offered to 
 those who care to enjoy them. To patrons it has to recommend it 
 
 Large Stock of Dry Goods, etc. 
 Low (the lowest) Prices, 
 
 and 
 Absolute Trustworthiness. 
 
the: 
 
 ) WISCONSIN f 
 '. CENTRAL \ 
 LINES \ 
 
 NORTHERN PACIFIC / 
 ^ RAILROAD. CO. /A 
 *^ LESSEE ^ 
 
 T 
 
 RUN 
 
 Fast Trains with Pullman Vestibuled 
 Drawing Room Sleepers. Dining Cars 
 and Coaches of latest design, between 
 Chicago and Milwaukee and St. Paul 
 and Minneapolis. 
 
 Fast Trains with Pullman Vestibuled 
 Drawing Room Sleepers, Dining Cars 
 and Coaches of latest design, between 
 Chicago and Milwaukee and Ashland 
 and Duluth. 
 
 Through Pullman Vestibuled 
 Drawing Room and Tourist Sleepers 
 via the Northern Pacific Railroad 
 between Chicago and Portland, Ore. 
 and Tacoma, Wash. 
 
 Convenient Trains to and from East- 
 ern, Western, Northern and Central Wis- 
 consin points, affording unequalled service 
 to and from Waukesha, Fond du Lac, 
 Oshkosh, Neenah, Menasha, Chip- 
 pewa Falls, Eau Claire, Hurley, Wis., 
 and Ironwood and Bessemer, Mich. 
 
 For tickets, sleeping car reservations, 
 time tables and other iuformation apply 
 to Agents of Ihe Line, or to Ticket Agents 
 anywhere in the United States or Canada. 
 8. R. AINSLIE, Gen'I Manager, - - CHICAGO, ILL. 
 J. M. HANNAFORD, Gen'I Traffic Mgr., ST. PAUL, MINN. 
 B. C. BARLOW, Traffic Mgr., - - - CHICAGO, ILL 
 JAS. C. POND, Gen'I Pass'r k Tkt. Agt. , CHICAGO, ILL. 
 
RIGE & WHITACRE M'F'G CO., 
 
 Engines, Boilers, 
 
 STEAM PUMPS, 
 
 PULLEYS, SHAFTING, 
 
 AND HANGERS, 
 
 \n AND 
 
 HOT WATER 
 HEATING APPARATUS, 
 47 SOUTH CANAL STREET, 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1857. 
 
 J. B. CHAMBERS * CO., 
 
 Clark and Madison Sts. 
 
 IMPORTERS. 
 
 DIAMONDS, Rubies, Sapphires, 
 
 Pearls, Emeralds, Etc., Loose, Set and 
 Mounted to Order. 
 
 American and Foreign. 
 
 j 
 
 Sterling Silver Souvenir Spoons. 
 
 J TzL *\KT ^ I- R Y 7 Gold and silver. 
 
 Wedding and Anniversary Presents. 
 
•J 
 
 'z; o 
 
 u a, 
 
CM1CAG0 
 
 The Marvelous City of the West, 
 
 A HISTORY, AN ENCYCLOPEDIA, 
 
 AND 
 
 A GUIDE. 
 
 J 
 
 ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 
 1SQ2. 
 
 / 
 
 WRITTEN AND C?oApiLED BY 
 
 2 
 5-0 3*2. X 
 
 
 Not in the Arabian Nights' Entertainments, though bathed in all the glorious 
 colorings of Oriental fancy, is there a tale which surpasses in 
 wonder the plain, unvarnished history of Chicago." 
 
 CHICAGO: 
 
 THE STANDARD GUIDE CO.. 
 
 358 DEARBORN ST. ~T^ 
 
Entered according- to act of Congress, 
 By THE STANDARD GUIDE CO. 
 
 (Johx J. FiiiNN, President; W. S. Sheppabd, 
 Secretary and Treasurer.) 
 In the Office of the Librai'ian of Congress, 
 at Washington, D. C. 
 
 All Rights of Translation Reserved. 
 
 J 1 o 
 
 AS 
 
 00N0HUE4 HENNEBfeRRY. PRINTERS AND BINOERS. 
 TAYLOR, PHOTOGRAPHER. VANOERC 5 >: 4. CO., ENGRAVERS. 
 
TO 
 
 THE CHILDREN OF CHICAGO 
 
 IN GENERAL, 
 
 AND TO 
 
 MY OWN LITTLE CHILDREN 
 
 IN PARTICULAR, 
 
 E LORD SPARES 
 
 THEY SHALL HAVE ATTAINED 
 
 THE ALLOTTED SPAN OF LIFE, 
 
 WILL SEE THIS CITY 
 
 THE GREATEST METROPOLIS ON THE GLOBE, 
 
 THIS VOLUME 
 
 IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED 
 
 BY 
 
 THE COMPILER. 
 
ANDREW DUNNING, 
 
 I^eal £stat^ Ii^stmepts 
 
 92 La Salle Street, 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 Cpeeialii^s 
 
 Acre Tracts in the Northwest Sections of 
 Chicago for Subdivision and Investment 
 JL purposes. 
 
 Improved Property paying fixed income 
 on gold basis. 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 
 
MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 MAPS. 
 
 Showing the City of Chicago as It Is— Streets, Boulevards, Park System, Location 
 of World's Columbian Exposition, Important Points, Industrial Centex s, 
 Annexed Suburbs, Outlying Territory, Etc. [Contained in " Pocket " of 
 back cover.] 
 
 Showing Chicago Sanitary Drainage District Page 
 
 Showing Burned District of Chicago, After Great Fire of October, 1871 Page 
 
 Showing Relative Position of Chicago with Regard to Other Principal Cities of 
 the World, facing Page 
 
 108 
 
 4(K) 
 
 369 
 
 LLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Facing Page. 
 Andrews, A. H. & Co., Sales Rooms. .. 548 
 
 Arena's Drug Store 221 
 
 Auburn Park Suburb, View in 277 
 
 Auditorium, The 21 
 
 Berwyn, Railway Station at 136 
 
 Carpenter, Geo. B. & Co., Building 72 
 
 Chicago has arisen— Solace in Tribu- 
 lation Frontispice 
 
 Chicago Opera House, Entrance to. .. b05 
 Cnicago Water Pumping Stations. . 484 
 Dai y News, The Chicago, Composition 
 
 and Press Rooms 400 
 
 Dale & Sempill's, Interior View 157 
 
 Douglas Monument 497 
 
 Drexel Fountain, Washington Park.. 456 
 
 Eggleston Suburb, View in 200 
 
 Ely, The Edward Co., Interior 541 
 
 Germania Theater Building. .. 121 
 
 Goodrich Line Steamer "Virginia ". . 441 
 Gormuliy & Jeffery Mfg. Co.'s Works. 208 
 
 Grand Central Passenger Station 469 
 
 Grand Opera House, Interior View ... 364 
 
 Grant Locomotive Works 164 
 
 Grant Statue, Lincoln Park 29 
 
 Herald Building 228 
 
 Herald Building, Interior 236 
 
 Hooley's Theater, Interior 149 
 
 Indian Group, Lincoln Park 57 
 
 Inter-Ocean Building 144 
 
 Journal and Stock Exchange B'ld'gs.. 433 
 Keeley Institute, Business Office, Inte- 
 rior 528 
 
 Keeley Institute, Laboratory & Office 
 
 Building 177 
 
 Keeley Institute, Laboratory Waiting 
 
 Koom 241 
 
 Keeley Institute, Taking the Treat- 
 ment 328 
 
 Keeley Institute, Waiting for the Train 405 
 
 Kimball Hall 505 
 
 Kimball, W. W. Co., Works of 533 
 
 Kimbark, S. D. & Co.'s Building 313 
 
 Facing Page. 
 
 La Salle Statue 85 
 
 Libby Prison Museum 285 
 
 Marshall Field & Co.'s Retail House. . . 272 
 
 Masonic Temple 113 
 
 McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.'s 
 
 Works 336 
 
 McVicker's Theater, Interior 36 
 
 Michigan Avenue Block, A 377 
 
 Milwaukee Avenue State BankB'ld'g. 520 
 New York Mutual Life Ins. Co., Chi- 
 cago Office, Interior 413 
 
 Prairie Avenue, View on 464 
 
 Pullman, Administration Building at. 264 
 
 Pullman Building 100 
 
 Pullman, Boulevard in 492 
 
 Pullman, Corliss Engine House and 
 
 Water Tower at 172 
 
 Pullman, Presbyterian Church at 569 
 
 Relic House, near Lincoln Park 213 
 
 Richardson, M. A. & Co 55G 
 
 Ritchie, W. C. & Co.'s Building 392 
 
 Roseland Suburb, Bird's-eye View of.. 428 
 Sawyer - Goodman Co.'s Receiving 
 
 Docks 249 
 
 Scandia Hall 477 
 
 Siegel Cooper & Co.'s Establishment. . 420 
 
 Skandinaven Building 300 
 
 Smyth, The John M. Builoing 349 
 
 State Street, Looking North from 
 
 Madison 584 
 
 St. Joseph's Hospital 341 
 
 St. Vincent's Infant Asylum 80 
 
 Temple, The 185 
 
 Tribune Building 44 
 
 Union National Bank, Interior 108 
 
 Union Stock Yards, The Exchange — 292 
 
 Wellington Hotel 93 
 
 Wells-Fargo Express Office, Interior. 49 
 World's Columbian Exposition, 
 
 Administration Building 35<> 
 
 World's Columbian Exposition, Bird's- 
 
 eye View 17 
 
ADVERTISERS IN THIS BOOK. 
 
 (For Buyers' Guide Directory, see Advertising Pages II, III, IV and V, back of book.) 
 
 FRONT OF BOOK. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad ii 
 
 Chambers, J . B . & Co viii 
 
 Culver, B. F. R'i Est ,opp Ind Book Div. 
 Dunning, A. Opp. Ind. to Maps and 111. 
 Dunning,And'w,R'l Est.In.Opp.Gen Ind 
 
 Erie Lines hi 
 
 Field, Marshall & Co vi 
 
 Herald, The Chicago . . i 
 
 Illinois Central Railroad iv 
 
 Northern Assurance Company v 
 
 Orcutt Co. The. Lith opp. this page. 
 Peabody, Houghtelling &Co. In v., f . p. 
 Rice & Whittacre Manufacturing Co. ..viii 
 Tribune, The Chicago . Ins. front cover 
 
 Wisconsin Central Lines, The . . vi 
 
 BACK OF BOOK. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 American Trust & Savings Bank, The ii 
 
 Andrews, A. H. & Co., F. Beds (card) . . iii 
 
 Andrews, A H. & Co xxix 
 
 Andrews, Johnson & Co., Ventilators v 
 
 Art Institute. Art Galleries and Schools. . . ii 
 Artingstall, Samuel G., Civil Engineer. . .hi 
 Athemeum, Chi., "The People's College,' 1 
 Inside of back cover 
 
 Bank of Commerce ii 
 
 Bent, Geoi-ge B Inside of back cover 
 
 Bogue & Co., Real Estate Agency x 
 
 Brentano's, Publishers, Booksellers, etc.iv 
 Carpenter, G. B. & Co., Blocks & Pulleys.. ii 
 Carpenter, Geo. B. & Co., Ship-Ch'd's etc.iv 
 Carpenter, Geo. B. & Co., Twines & Cord. . v 
 Chicago Cost. & Decorating Co., Cost's.. iii 
 
 C, M. &Sc. P. Railway xv 
 
 Chicago Rawhide Mfg. Co., The ii 
 
 Christy & Co., Engravers, etc v 
 
 Christian Science Pub. Co., Pub. iv 
 
 Clarke, B. F., Morgan Park Property., .xxi 
 Colliau, Victor, Hot Blast Cupola, Det.xxii 
 Columbia Rubber Works Co., The R. G . . .iv 
 
 Columbian National Bank ii 
 
 Commercial National Bank ii 
 
 Continental National Bank . . ii 
 
 Dale & t-empill, Chemists & Phar xxii 
 
 Dayton, Poole & Brown, Patent Att'ys.. .iv 
 Dibblee, The Henry Co., Ceramics — xxxiii 
 
 Dunfee, J. & Co., Wood Carpets, etc v 
 
 Dunlap, R. & Co., Hats, Caps and Furs. . .iii 
 Economist, Finan. and Com. AVeekly Rev. .i 
 
 Edwards, H. J. & Son, Carriages iii 
 
 Eggleston, Mallette & Brownell, R. Es..xxvi 
 Electric Merclrise Co., Elec. R. Supplies.. iii 
 
 Everingham, L. & Co., Grain Com iii 
 
 First National Bank of Chicago ii 
 
 Fletcher, D. H., Patent Lawyer iv 
 
 Forsyth, Jacob, Whiting, Ind. (Map)...xvii 
 
 Forsyth, Jacob, W hiting, Ind xviii 
 
 Fowier's Expert Opticians vii 
 
 Garrison M., Wood Turnings v 
 
 Giles Bros. & Co., Jewelers iv 
 
 Goodrich Trans. Co., 'Goodrich Line'V.vi 
 
 Gormully & Jeffery Mfg. Co vi 
 
 Greenebaum Sons, Bankers xxv 
 
 BACK OF BOOK.-Cont. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Gregg Electric Cure Co xxx 
 
 Guarantee Co. of North America iii 
 
 Gust Knecht Mfg. Co., Barbers' Supplies, .ii 
 
 Gutta Percha Rubber Mfg. Co . . . .iv 
 
 Hair, J. A. & S.G., Real Est. and Loans..xxx 
 
 HallowellC. H. & Co., Sign Painters iv 
 
 Hanson, C. H., Stencil and Stamp Goods. . . v 
 
 Harris, N. W. & Co., Bankers ii 
 
 Heuer, Aug. & Sons, Upholstery Goods.. . v 
 
 Hibernian Banking Association ii 
 
 Hills, Edwin E., Mineral Waters iv 
 
 Illinois Terra Cotta Lumber Co ii 
 
 Jennings Trust Company, The ii 
 
 Ksestner & Co., Chas., Arch, and Eng..xxxii 
 Keith, Edson & • o., Wholesale Milliners., x 
 Kemper, Alfred C, Steam Pipe Covering. . v 
 
 Kimball, Geo. F., Plate Glass iv 
 
 Knapp & Stollard, Wholesale Furniture. . . v 
 Kurtz Bros.& BuhrerLt Gr.Ir'n Cast's xxxi 
 
 Lyons, Jas. I., Art. Limbs.. ii 
 
 Magee Furn. Co. Furnaces and Ranges. . .iii 
 
 Maxwell, S. A. & Co., Wall Paper v 
 
 Merrick Thread Co. Spool Cotton Mfrs. . .v 
 Mil.Ave.State Bk.& Safe Dep't Vaults xxiv 
 
 Moore, E. B. Ac Co., Wood Carpets, etc v 
 
 Murray & Co., Tents, AAvnings, etc v 
 
 Murray & Co., Signs of til Descriptions . .iv 
 
 Murray & Co., Awnings, Tents, etc ii 
 
 Mutual Life Ins. Co. of N. Y., Til. Gen. Agcy .ix 
 
 N.-W. Line. The C. & N.-W. By. Co xiv 
 
 Peabody, Houghtelling & Co., Inv. (card) iii 
 
 Peacock, C. D., Jeweler.. iii 
 
 Peacock, E. P., Metal Articles iv 
 
 Phenix Lumber Co., Milwaukee, Wis.. xxx 
 Pioneer Buggy Co., Columbus, O — xxvii 
 Plankinton House, Mil., A. L. Chase, M.xix 
 
 Post, The Chicago Evening x ii 
 
 Pratt & Ely, Real Estate Agents x i 
 
 Relic House, The Re lies of the G. F. . . xxxi 
 Rice & Wliitacre Mfg. Co., Boilers (card) .ii 
 Rice & Whittacre Mfg. Co., Engines (card). iii 
 
 Ritchie, W. C . & Co , Paper Boxes viii 
 
 Sawyer, Goodman Co., Lumber Mfg xiii 
 
 Sharp & Smith, Surgical Instruments ...v 
 Shurly Co., The Watchmakers & Jewelers. v 
 
 Smitu Granite Co., The Monuments iv 
 
 Standard Guide to Chicago, The xxviii 
 
 Stevens & Co., Old Coins & Post. Stamps. . .iv 
 
 Sweet, Wallach & Co., Photo. Goods vii 
 
 Street R. R. &Co., Dyestuffs iii 
 
 Tate, C. L., Artificial Limbs ii 
 
 Thayer & Jackson, Stationery Co v 
 
 Tiffany Press Co., Pressed Brick iv 
 
 Trine, Dr. J. G., Movement Cure Inst ...iv 
 
 Union Electric Works, Electric App iii 
 
 Union National Bank xxiii 
 
 Union National Back of Chicago, (card). . . ii 
 
 Watson, George E., & Co., Artists' Sup ii 
 
 Watson, Little & Co., Coal iii 
 
 Wolf & Periolat Fur Co., Furriers iii 
 
 Wood Bros . , Com. Mer. U . S. Yards — x \ i 
 Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict xvi 
 
Peabody, Houghteling & Co. 
 
 No. 59 Dearborn Street, 
 
 Chicago. 
 
 Loans *P Investments on Real Estate Security exclusively. 
 
 INVESTMENTS. 
 
 CHICACO CITY MORTCACES FOR SALE. 
 
 For the convenience of investors we carry from $200,000 to $500,000 of choice 
 mortgages at all times. These loans are made by us after careful investigation 
 of the titles, the value of the securities offered and responsibility of borrowers. 
 In transacting a business of over §70,000,000, no title approved by us has ever 
 been successfully attacked. 
 
 IN ANY AMOUNT. 
 
 These loans vary in amount from $500 to $50,000, and bear from 5 per cent. 
 to 7 per cent, interest, payable semi-annually at our office or at such place as investor 
 may elect. The standard rate on ordinary amounts, say $3,000 to $10,000, being 
 6 per cent.; smaller loans, 6% per cent, and 7 per cent.; large loans, on excep- 
 tionally strong security, 5 per cent, and 5% per cent. 
 
 AT PAR AND ACCRUED INTEREST. 
 
 These securities are ready for delivery, and are on sale at par and accrued 
 interest. No commission is charged the buyer, the income named being net. 
 
 INVESTORS' INTERESTS CARED FOR WITHOUT CHARGE. 
 
 We collect all interest and remit to any part of the country free of charge. 
 We see that all insurance policies pledged as collateral security are renewed at 
 expiration, and that the investor is protected in case of failure on the part of the 
 borrower to pay taxes. In other words, we act as financial agents for th^ investor 
 without charge. Parties buying mortgages securing building loans, where the 
 buildings are not fully completed, are guaranteed completion free of mechanic's 
 liens. 
 
 PRINCIPAL AND INTEREST PAYABLE IN GOLD. 
 
Real Estate Investments 
 
 SiJLlte 23, 
 
 92 La Salle Street, 
 
 CHICAGO, 
 
 IF you desire acre property in Chicago and vicinity for 
 Sub-Divisions, Manufacturing Sites or Investment 
 purposes, Avhere prices have not been "boomed," where 
 the land lies from 25 to 100 feet above the lake, and pos- 
 sesses natural beauties unequaled elsewhere around 
 Chicago, and where improvements not already made are 
 being pushed in every direction, send for list of acres in 
 Northwest sections, controlled Exclusively by me. 
 
 If you prefer improved property paying fixed income 
 on gold basis for long term of years, write me for informa- 
 
 tion. 
 
 Correspondence Solicited. No Trouble to Answer Letters. 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 AMUSEMENTS. 
 
 Alharabra Theacer 116 
 
 Auditorium Theater — 117 
 Battle of Gettysburg 
 
 'Panorama 120 
 
 Casino 123 
 
 Central Music Hall 120 
 
 Character of Chicago 
 
 . Theaters 116 
 
 Chicago Opera House. . .121 
 
 Chicago Theaters 116 
 
 Chieuering Music Hall. .122 
 
 Columbia Theater 122 
 
 Concert Halls, Ci reuse?, 
 
 etc 128 
 
 Criterian Theater 122 
 
 Epstean's New Dime Mu- 
 seum 122 
 
 Freiburg's Opera House.122 
 German Theater. ... 123 
 Grand Opera House — 123 
 Halsted Street Op. Hse . . 124 
 
 Havlin's Theater 124 
 
 Haymarket Theater . .124 
 H. R. Jacob's Clark Street 
 
 Theater 126 
 
 H. R. Jacob's Academy. 125 
 
 Hooley's Theater 125 
 
 Kohl & Middleton's Mu- 
 seums 126 
 
 Li r>by Prison Museum. .126 
 
 Lyceum Theater 126 
 
 Madison Street Theater. 126 
 
 McVicker's Theater 1^7 
 
 Mew Windsor Theater.. 127 
 
 Park Theater 127 
 
 People's Theater 1 27 
 
 Standard Theater 126 
 
 Theater Buildings 16 
 
 Theatrical Architect ure.l 16 
 Timmerman Opera Hse. 127 
 Wa verly Theater 128 
 
 ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 Character of Buildings .128 
 Cost of Steel Building . 131 
 
 Inspection of Steel 132 
 
 Maarniflcent Buildings. . . 128 
 Method of Construction. 129 
 
 Notable Examples 1 
 
 Office Buildings 129 
 
 Steel Construction 130 
 
 Testing Steel Columns. .132 
 
 ART. 
 
 Art Collections 1 36 
 
 Art Institute 133 
 
 Art Institute Building. .V'i 
 
 Artists in Chicago 13? 
 
 Art Museum 133 
 
 Art School 136 
 
 Art School, Admission to 137 
 
 ART— Continued. 
 
 Art School Classes 1?6 
 
 Art School, Terms 137 
 
 Permanent Art Bldg . . . 133 
 Popularity of Art Inst. .135 
 
 Society of A rtists 137 
 
 Union League Art Asso- 
 ciation -. 138 
 
 AUDITORIUM BUILDING. 
 
 Cost of Construction 138 
 
 Cost wit h ground 138 
 
 D mensions 138 
 
 Directory and Officers. .139 
 
 Enclosures 139 
 
 Entrances 139 
 
 History 139 
 
 Investments 140 
 
 Lobby 140 
 
 Location of 141 
 
 Recital Hall 141 
 
 The Auditorium 141 
 
 Views of and from 141 
 
 BANKING INSTITIT S-NAT 
 
 America 148 
 
 . American Exchange 143 
 
 Atlas 143 
 
 Chemical... 143 
 
 Chicago 143 
 
 Columbia 144 
 
 Commercial 144 
 
 Continental 144 
 
 Drover's 145 
 
 First 145 
 
 First of Englewood 146 
 
 Fort Dearborn 146 
 
 Globe 146 
 
 Hide and Leather 14G 
 
 Home 147 
 
 Illinois 148 
 
 Lincoln 147 
 
 Livestock 148 
 
 Merchants 147 
 
 Metropoltian 147 
 
 Northwestern 119 
 
 Oakland 149 
 
 Prairie State 149 
 
 Republic 149 
 
 Union 150 
 
 BANKING INSTITUTIONS — 
 STATE AND PRIVATE. 
 
 Adolph Loeb & Bro 150 
 
 American Trust and Sa- 
 vings 150 
 
 Avenue Savings 150 
 
 Bank of Commerce 151 
 
 Bank of Montreal 151 
 
 Calm & Strauss 151 
 
 Central Trust & Savings. 151 
 Charles Henrotin i5l 
 
 BANKING INSTIT'NS-Con. 
 
 Chicago Trust & Sav- 
 ings 151 
 
 Corn Exchange 151 
 
 Dime Savings 152 
 
 E. S. Dreyer & Co 152 
 
 Farmers' Trust Co 52 
 
 Foreman Bros 152 
 
 Globe Savings 152 
 
 Greenebaum Sons 152 
 
 Guarantee Co. of N. A . . 152 
 Hibernian Bank'g Asso- 
 ciation 153 
 
 Illinois Trust and Sav- 
 ings 153 
 
 Industrial Bank 153 
 
 International 154 
 
 Meadowcroft Bros 154 
 
 Merchants' Loan and 
 
 Trust 154 
 
 Milwaukee Ave. State. ..154 
 
 Northern Trust 155 
 
 Peabody, Houghtelling 
 
 &Co 155 
 
 Pete son & Bay 156 
 
 Prairie State Savings ... 156 
 Pullman Loan and Sav- 
 ings 156 
 
 Slaughter, A. O. & Co.... 156 
 
 Schaffner & Co 157 
 
 Security Loan and Sav- 
 ings 157 
 
 State, of Chicago 157 
 
 Union Trust Company. 157 
 Western Trust and Sav- 
 ings 157 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 Anshe Maariv 158 
 
 Austro-Hungarian . . . 158 
 
 Beth Hamedrash 1 58 
 
 B'nai Abraham 158 
 
 B'naiShilom 158 
 
 Calvary 158 
 
 Chebra Gemilath 158 
 
 Chebra Kadisha 15^ 
 
 Concordia 158 
 
 Congregation of N. S '58 
 
 Forest Home ... 158 
 
 Free Sons of Israel 159 
 
 German Lutheran 1 59 
 
 Graceland 159 
 
 Hebrew Benevolent . . . If 
 
 Moses Montefiore ifiO 
 
 Mount Greenwood 160 
 
 Mount Hope l«n 
 
 Mount Olive 160 
 
 Mount Olivet 160 
 
 Oak woods 160 
 
 OhavevSeholom H'O 
 
 Rosehill 160 
 
 Saint Boniface 161 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 CEMETERIES— Continued. 
 
 Sinai Congregation 161 
 
 Waldheim 161 
 
 Zion Congregation 161 
 
 CHARITIES. 
 
 Am. Edu. Aid Asso 166 
 
 Armour Mission 167 
 
 Asylums and Homes — 161 
 
 Bureau of Justice 168 
 
 Charitable Societies. . . 165 
 Charities, MiscelJaneous.165 
 Chicago, Free Kinder- 
 garten Association ... 171 
 Chicago Home lor Crip- 
 pled Children 173 
 
 Chicago Nurserv and 
 
 Half Orphan Asylum. 172 
 Chicago Orphan Asylum.!? 2 
 
 Chicago Policlinic 172 
 
 Chicaero Relief and Aid 
 
 Society 173 
 
 Church Home for Aged 
 
 Persons 173 
 
 Convalescents' Home. . . 17d 
 Daily News Fresh Air 
 
 Fund 169 
 
 Danish Lutheran's Or- 
 phans 1 Home 174 
 
 Day Nurs's & Creches. . . .163 
 Erring Woman's Ref'ge.174 
 
 Foundlings' Home 1 75 
 
 Free Dispensaries 163 
 
 Free Employment Bur- 
 eaus 163 
 
 Free Nurses 1 63 
 
 Ger. Old Peoples Home. 179 
 Good Samaritan Socie- 
 ties 179 
 
 Guardian Angel Orphan 
 
 Asylum 179 
 
 Hebrew Charity Asso. . .179 
 
 Helping Hand, The 179 
 
 Holy Family Orphan 
 
 Asylum 180 
 
 Home for incurables 180 
 
 Home for Self-Support- 
 ing Women 181 
 
 Home fortheFriendless.182 
 
 Home for the Jews 184 
 
 Home for Unemployed 
 
 Girls 182 
 
 Home for Working 
 
 Women 18" 
 
 Home of Industry . . . . 184 
 Home of Providence. . ..185 
 Home of the Aged ... 186 
 Hospitals, Free & Pay . 163 
 House of the Good Shep- 
 herd 186 
 
 Hull House 186 
 
 Jewish Charitable Asso. 177 
 Lake Geneva Fresh Air 
 
 Association 177 
 
 Margaret Etter Chreche.186 
 Masonic Orphan8'Home.l87 
 Miscellaneous Charities. 165 
 
 CH A RITIES— Coiitin ued . 
 
 Missions, Charitable 165 
 
 Newsboys' & bootblacks' 
 
 Home 187 
 
 Odd Fellows Orphans' 
 
 Home 188 
 
 Old Peoples' Home .... 188 
 Pioneer Aid & Support 
 
 Association ISO 
 
 Recognized Charities.. .161 
 School for Deaf & Dumb.190 
 Servite Sistei s Industrial 
 
 Home for Girls 190 j 
 
 Soldiers' Home Fund.... 190 ' 
 St. Joseph's Asylum for 
 
 Boys 191 ! 
 
 St. J> seph's Female Or- 
 phan Asylum 191 
 
 St. Joseph's Home 191 
 
 St. Joseph's Providence 
 
 Orphan Asylum .192 
 
 St. Paul's Home for 
 
 Newsboys 193 
 
 Training Schools for 
 
 Nurses 163 
 
 Uhlich Evangelical Or- 
 phan Asylum 193 
 
 Waifs' Mission 193 
 
 Waifs' Mission, Training 
 
 School 194 
 
 Young Ladies' Charity 
 
 Circle 194 
 
 Y« ung Men's Hebrew 
 
 Charity Association.. 194 
 
 CHRISTIAN ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 Bible Institute 195 
 
 Central W. C. T. U. of 
 
 Chicago 195 
 
 Chicago Bible Society. . .196 
 Christian Endeavor Soc . 196 
 National W. C. T. U. 
 
 Headquarters 197 
 
 Young Men's Christian 
 
 Association 197 
 
 Young Men's Christian 
 
 Asso. (Scandinavian) ..199 
 Young Woman's Christ- 
 ian Association 199 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 Baptist Churches 202 
 
 Baptist Missions 203 
 
 Christian Churches 201 
 
 Churches in ante fire 
 
 days 200 
 
 Churches, Misc e 1 1 a n e- 
 
 ous 209 
 
 Congregational Chs 201 
 
 Episcopal (Reformed).... 04 
 Episcopal (Reformed 
 
 Missionary) 205 
 
 Episcopal Churches .205 
 Episcopal Missions and 
 
 Chapels 205 
 
 Evangelical Asso. of N. 
 
 A. (German) 203 
 
 CH II RCH ES-Contin ued . 
 
 Evangelical Lutheran 
 
 (English Churches) .... 203 
 Evan. Lutheran (Dan )..203 
 Evan. Lutheran (Ger.). .203 
 Evan. Lutheran (Norw.)204 
 Evan. Lutheian (Sepa- 
 ratists 204 
 
 Evan. Lutheran (Swed.).204 
 Evangelical (United) . . 204 
 Evan. Lutheran Re- 
 formed 204 
 
 Free Methodist Chs . 205 
 Independent Churches. .205 
 
 Jewish Synagogues 205 
 
 Location of leading Chs. 200 
 Methodist Episcopal 
 
 Churches 206 
 
 Methodist Episcopal 
 
 (African) 206 
 
 Methodist Episcopal 
 
 (Bohemian) 206 
 
 Methodist Episcopal 
 
 (German) 206 
 
 Methodist Episcopal 
 
 (Norwegian) 207 
 
 Methodist Episcopal 
 
 (Swedish) 207 
 
 Popular Ministers and 
 
 Preachers . . 201 
 
 Presbyterian Churches.. 207 
 Presbyteri an Church 
 
 (United) 208 
 
 Pres by terian Missions . . 207 
 Roman Catholic Chs.. . . 208 
 Swedenhorgian (New 
 
 Jerusalem) 209 
 
 Unitarian Churches 209 
 
 UniversaJist Churches.. 209 
 
 CITY GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Aldermen, Salaries 66 
 
 CityCl'k's Office, Salaries 64 
 City Collector, Salary... 66 
 City Collector's Office. 
 
 Salaries 64 
 
 City Fire Dept. (See Fire 
 
 Dept.) 48 
 
 City Hall Minor Em- 
 ployes, Salaries 64 
 
 Com.of Pub.Wks.,Salary 66 
 
 Compt., Salary 6^ 
 
 Corp. Coun., Salary. ... 66 
 Cost of City Gov . 1891 . . 53 
 Disbursem't of City, 1891 63 
 
 Eleemosynary Inst 47 
 
 Erring Woman's Refuge 
 
 for Reform 47 
 
 Feed Officers, Salaries. . . 64 
 
 Fire Dept.. Salaries (>4 
 
 Firemen's Pension Fund 47 
 General Information, 
 (see "Municipal Infor- 
 mation") 49 
 
 Gen. Sup. of Pol ., Safin v M 
 Health Dept., Salaries OR 
 House of Good Shepherd 47 
 
GENERAL INDEX 
 
 111 
 
 CITY GOVERNMENT-Cont 
 
 111. Humane Society — 
 
 Institutions, Partly Sup- 
 ported by City 
 
 Law Dept., Salaries 
 
 Map Dept . , Salaries . 
 
 M*yor, Salary 
 
 Mayor's Assts., Salaries. 
 
 Police Court, Salaries. . . 
 
 Police Dept., Salaries . . 
 
 Pub.W'ks Deot.,Sal'ries 
 
 Police Pension Fund — 
 
 Pros. Atty, Salary 
 
 Revenue of City 1891 .... 
 
 Salaries of City Officers. 
 
 Sew. Dept. Salaries. ... 
 
 Spec. Ass. Dept. Salaries 
 
 Street Dept.. Salaries •. 
 
 Supt.of City Tel.,Sala r y 
 
 Supt.of St. Dept., Salary 
 
 Tenement House and 
 Factory Inspection . . . 
 
 Treasurer's Salary 
 
 Tel. Dept. Salaries 
 
 Washing-toman Home . . 47 
 
 CITY RAILWAY SERVICE. 
 
 Cable Lines, Manage- 
 ment of 210 
 
 Calumet Electrij Road. .216 
 
 Carette Lines 217 
 
 Character of Service 2 1 
 
 Chicago City Ry. Co. . .212 
 Chi. City Ry. Co., Busi- 
 ness of 1891 212 
 
 Chi. City Ry. Co. Officers. 212 
 Cicero& Proviso f t RdCo 217 
 Equitable Trans. Co. . . 218 
 
 Increase in Traffic 211 
 
 Lake at. Elevated Rd. . .218 
 Mil. A v. Elevated Rd ..219 
 
 New Electric Road .219 
 
 N. Chicago St. Ry. Co. . .213 
 N. Chi. St. Rd.Co. Finan- 
 cial Condition of 213 
 
 N. Chi. St Rd Co., Officers 213 
 Pay of Cable Employes .211 
 Randolph St.Elevat'dRd 219 
 
 So. End Electric Ry 219 
 
 So. Side Alley l L" Rd. . .219 
 
 Steam Rd Service 211 
 
 Wab. Av. Sob-Ry Tr.Co.220 
 W. Chicago St. Rd. Co.. 214 
 W. Chicago St Rd. Co., 
 
 Business of 1891 214 
 
 W.Chi. St. Rd Co., Madi- 
 son St. Line 214 
 
 W.Chi. St. RdCo., Mil. 
 
 Av. Line 215 
 
 W.Chi. St.Rd Co .Miscel 216 
 W.Chi. St. Rd.Co., New 
 
 Cars and Extensions . . .215 
 W.Chi. St. Rd.Co., New 
 
 Tun'l andCableServ..215 
 W.Chi.St.Rd.Co.,Officers21« 
 W. Chi. St. Rd. Co., the 
 Tunnel Loop 215 
 
 CLIMATE. 
 
 Average Rainfall in 
 
 Chicago 39 
 
 Excessive Rainfalls — 40 
 Extremes of Heat and 
 
 Cold < 39 
 
 Highest Mean Tempera- 
 ture 39 
 
 Lowest Mean Tempera- 
 ture 39 
 
 Maximum Rainfall 39 
 
 Mean Annual Humidity, 39 
 Mean Annual Precipita- 
 tion 39 
 
 Mean Annual Tempera- 
 ture 39 
 
 Mean Temperature 1891, 39 
 U. S. Signal Office Re- 
 ports 39 
 
 CLUBS— ATHLETIC, SPORT- 
 ING, ETC. 
 
 Athletic Club Houses . .220 
 
 Base Ball Clubs 2il 
 
 Boat & Yacht Clubs ... .221 
 Chicago Athletic Asso . . ,222 
 Chicago Curling Club . 223 
 Chicago Fencing & Box- 
 ing Club 224 
 
 Cricket Clubs 224 
 
 Cycling Clubs 224 
 
 Hand Ball Courts 225 
 
 Horse Associations — 226 
 Hunting, Fishing & Gun 
 
 Clubs 22ti 
 
 Indoor Base Ball Clubs.. 227 
 
 Tennis Clubs 228 
 
 Union Athletic Club . . 228 
 Western Asso. of Base 
 Ball Clubs 228 
 
 CLUBS-GENTLEMEN'S AND 
 SOCIAL. 
 
 Acacia Club 228 
 
 AasolusClub 228 
 
 Apollo Club 228 
 
 ArgoClub 228 
 
 Ashland Club 229 
 
 Bankers' Club 229 
 
 Bi-Chlorideof Gold Club 
 
 of Chicago 229 
 
 Bi-Chloride of Gold Club 
 
 of Dwight... 229 
 
 Bi-Chloride of Gold Club 
 
 of the World 230 
 
 Bon Ami Club of Wil- 
 
 mette 230 
 
 Calumet Club 230 
 
 CarletonClub 231 
 
 Chicago Club 231 
 
 Chicago Electric Club. 231 
 Chicago Women's Club. 231 
 
 Church Club 232 
 
 Clarendon Club 233 
 
 Commercial Club 233 
 
 CLUBS— Contained. 
 
 Conference Club of 
 
 Evanston 233 
 
 Congregational Club. . . 3d3 
 Cosmopolitan Club of 
 
 Evanston 233 
 
 Dearborn Club 233 
 
 Dinner Clubs 233 
 
 Douglas Club 233 
 
 Douglas Park Club 234 
 
 Elks Club 234 
 
 Evanston Club 234 
 
 Evanston Country Club.234 
 
 Fellowship Club 235 
 
 Foreign Book Club 235 
 
 Forty Club 235 
 
 Fortnightly Club 235 
 
 Germania Club 236 
 
 German Press Club . . . .236 
 Girls' Mutual Benefit 
 
 Club 236 
 
 Grant Club 236 
 
 Hamilton Club 237 
 
 Harvard Club 2o7 
 
 Harvard University Clb.237 
 
 Hyde Park Club 237 
 
 Ideal Club 238 
 
 Idlewild Clb of Evanston238 
 
 Illinois Club 238 
 
 Indiana Club 238 
 
 Irish-American Club. . . .239 
 
 IroquisClub 239 
 
 Irving Club 239 
 
 Ivanhoe Club of South 
 
 Evanston 239 
 
 John A. Logan Club. . . 239 
 
 Kenwood Club 239 
 
 Lafayette Club 240 
 
 LaGrange Club 240 
 
 Lakeside Club 240 
 
 La Salle Club 240 
 
 Lincoln Club 240 
 
 Lotus Club 210 
 
 Marquette Club 241 
 
 Minneola Club 241 
 
 MinnetteClub 241 
 
 Nationalists' Club 241 
 
 Newsboys' Club 241 
 
 North Shore Club 241 
 
 Oakland Club 241 
 
 Oaks of Austin 242 
 
 Park Club 242 
 
 Phoenix Club 242 
 
 Practitioners' Club 242 
 
 Press Club of Chicago. .242 
 
 Ryder Club 24.'} 
 
 Seven O'Clock Club. .. 243 
 
 Sheridan Club 243 
 
 Single Tax Club 244 
 
 South Side Medical Club.244 
 Southern So. of Chicago 244 
 
 Standard Club 244 
 
 Stenographers' Club — 245 
 
 Sunset Club 245 
 
 Union Club 245 
 
 Union League Club . 24''. 
 University Club 246 
 
IV 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 CLUBS— Continued. 
 
 Union Veteran Club ... .246 
 
 Wah Nah Ton Club 247 
 
 Washington Park Club. 247 
 
 Webster Club 247 
 
 Whitechapel Club 247 
 
 Woman's Sufferage Club248 
 Woman's Club of Evan- 
 
 ston 248 
 
 Woodlawn Park Club. . .248 
 
 CLUBS-LITERARY. 
 
 Beseda Club 249 
 
 Browning Clubs 249 
 
 Chicago Library Club. . .249 
 Chicago Literary Club. .249 
 Cl'b Lttterairie Francais.250 
 111. Women's Press Ass'n.250 
 
 Longfellow Club 251 
 
 Palette Club 251 
 
 Papyrus Club 251 
 
 Press League Club 251 
 
 Saracen Club 252 
 
 Spanish Amer'can Club. 252 
 Tuesday Reading Club. .252 
 Twentieth Century Cl'b. 253 
 Women's Reading Circle 
 of South Evanston — 253 
 
 CLUBS-STATE SOCIAL OR- 
 GANIZATIONS. 
 
 California Pioneers . . . .253 
 
 North Pacific Assoc 254 
 
 Ohio Society of Chicago. 254 
 
 Sons of Chicago 265 
 
 Sons of Connecticut 255 
 
 Sons of Delaware 255 
 
 Sons of Indiana 255 
 
 Sons of Louisiana 255 
 
 Sons of Maine 255 
 
 Sons of Massachusetts . .256 
 
 Sons of Michigan 256 
 
 Sons of New York 256 
 
 Sons of Pennsylvania. . .256 
 Pons of Rhode Island. . ..257 
 
 Sons of Vermont 258 
 
 States Columbian Asso- 
 ciation 258 
 
 COMMERCIAL EXCHANGES. 
 
 Board of Trade 259 
 
 Board of Trade Bldg ... 259 
 Board of Trade Corn's. .259 
 Board of Trade, Finan- 
 cial Condition of 260 
 
 Board of Trade Officers..2t9 
 Builders' & Traders' Ex- 
 change 260 
 
 Chicago Amer. Horse 
 
 Exchange 260 
 
 Chicago Real Estate Bd 260 
 
 Chicago Stock Ex 261 
 
 Exchanges, Miscel . 263 
 Fruit Buyers' Ass'n 261 
 
 COMMERCE OF CHICAGO. 
 
 Bank Business, Compar- 
 ative 30 
 
 Bank Clearances, Com- 
 parative 30 
 
 Bank Clearances, 1886 to 
 1891 30 
 
 Bank Clearances for 1891 30 
 
 Banking of Chicago. . 30 
 
 Banks, Clearing in Chi- 
 cago 30 
 
 Barley, Receipts and 
 Shipments of 32 
 
 Business of Chicago 1891 40 
 
 Business Done in Chica- 
 go from 1850 to 1891. . . 40 
 
 Board of Trade Busi- 
 ness 1891 32 
 
 Board of Trade Com- 
 pared with other Ex- 
 changes . 31 
 
 Board of Trade Ethics . 31 
 
 Board of Trade Specula- 
 tion 1891 39 
 
 Board of Trade Trans- 
 actions 31 
 
 Boot and Shoe Trade 
 1891 55 
 
 Calves, Receipts of 1891. 35 
 
 Calves, Shipments for 
 1891 36 
 
 Capacity of Grain Ele- 
 vators 34 
 
 Capital of Chicago Brks 31 
 
 Cattle, Receipts of 1891. . 35 
 
 Cattle, Shipmentsof 
 1891 36 
 
 Clothing Trade 1891 55 
 
 Condition of State and 
 National Banks 31 
 
 Corn Exports to Canada 33 
 
 Corn, Receipts and Ship- 
 ments 33 
 
 Crockery and Glass- 
 ware Trade 1891 55 
 
 Deposits of Chicago 
 Banks 31 
 
 Drug and Chemical 
 Trade 55 
 
 Dry Goods and Carpet 
 Trade 1891 55 
 
 Export Trade of Chicago 
 1891 56 
 
 Exports of Wheat and 
 Flour 32 
 
 Flour, Receipts and 
 Shipments of 33 
 
 General Trade of Chica- 
 go 1891 55 
 
 Grain and Produce, Re- 
 ceipts and Shipments 
 1890-91 35 
 
 Grain Elevators 34 
 
 Grain Elevators, Own- 
 ers of 34 
 
 Grain Exports to Canada 33 
 
 Grain, Inspected in 34 
 
 COMMERCE— Continued. 
 
 Grain Inspection 34 
 
 Grain Inspected Out — 34 
 Grain Storage Capacity. 34 
 
 Grocery Trade 1891 55 
 
 Hat and Cap Trade 1891. 55 
 Hogs and Cattle Slaugh- 
 tered in 1890 35 
 
 Hogs and Cattle Slaugh- 
 tered in 1891 35 
 
 Hogs, Receipts of 1831.. 35 
 Horses, Receipts of 1891 35 
 Hogs, Shipments of 1891. 36 
 Horses, Shi pmentsof 
 
 1891 36 
 
 Import Trade 1891 56 
 
 Internal Reven u e R e- 
 
 ceipts at Chicago 41 
 
 Iron and Steel Trade . . . 57 
 Jobbing and Wholesale 
 
 Business 55 
 
 Jobbing Business 55 
 
 Live Stock Receipts for 
 
 1890 36 
 
 Live Stock Receipts 189i 35 
 Live StockShipments for 
 
 1891 36 
 
 Live Stock Shipments of 
 
 1890 36 
 
 Live Stock Transactions 
 
 1891 35 
 
 Lumber Trade 1891 55 
 
 Lumber Trade of Chgo.. 41 
 Manuf a cturedlron 
 
 Trade 1891 55 
 
 Manufacturers of Chgo 
 (see "Mnf rs of Chicago 57 
 
 Millinery Trade 1891 55 
 
 National Banks, Con- 
 dition of 31 
 
 National Banks,Deposits 31 
 Oats, Exports to Canada 33 
 Output of Chicago 
 
 Brewers 41 
 
 Produce, Receipts and 
 
 Shipments, 1890-91. .. 37 
 Provision Storage Ware 
 
 Houses 38 
 
 Railroad Li v e Stock 
 
 Transactions 1891... 37 
 Rye Exports to Canada 33 
 Rye, Receipts and Ship- 
 ments 38 
 
 Savings Banks, Deposits 31 
 Sheep, Receipts of 1891 85 
 Sheep, Shipmentsof 1891 36 
 Speculation on Board of 
 
 Trade 39 
 
 Speculative B u s i n ess, 
 
 Board of Trade 39 
 
 State Banks, Deposits. . . 31 
 Storage Warehouses for 
 
 Provisions 38 
 
 Surplus of Chgo. Banks. 31 
 Union Stock Yds. busi- 
 ness of 1891 35 
 
 Undivided P r o fi t s o f 
 Chicago Banks 31 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 COMMERCE— Continued. 
 
 Volume of Business, 
 Board of Trade 32 
 
 Volume of Chicago's 
 Business 1891 40 
 
 Volume of Chicago's 
 Business 1850 40 
 
 Warehouses for Grain.. 34 
 
 Wheat and Flour Ex- 
 ports 32 
 
 Whe at Exports to 
 Canada 33 
 
 Wholesale Business 55 
 
 COUNTY GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Appropriations for 1892. 45 
 Board of Commissioners. 41 
 Clerk of Criminal Court, 
 
 Expenses of .46 
 
 Comptroller's Office, 
 
 Expenses of 46 
 
 Cook County Jail 43 
 
 Coroner's Inquests 42 
 
 Cost of County Officers.. 44 
 Cou.nty Agent's Office, 
 
 Expenses of 46 
 
 County Appropriations 
 
 Ex- 
 
 45 
 
 1892 
 County Attorney, 
 
 penses of 46 
 
 County Board 42 
 
 County Board Salaries.. 46 
 County Commissioners, 
 
 wnen elected 41 
 
 County Hospital, Expen- 
 ses of 45 
 
 County Hospital Salaries 45 
 County Insane Asylum. 43 
 County Insane Asylum, 
 
 Expenses of 43 
 
 County Insane Asylum, 
 
 Location of 43 
 
 County Institutions at 
 
 Dunning, Expenses of 46 
 County Jail, Situation of 43 
 County Physician, Ex- 
 penses of 46 
 
 County Poor Farm... . 44 
 County Poor House 
 
 Location of ... . 
 County Supt of Schools, 
 
 Expenses of 46 
 
 County Tax Levy, 1892.. 45 
 Denteti on Hospital, 
 
 Expenses of 46 
 
 Detention Hospital for 
 
 the Insane 44 
 
 Expenses of Cook Co... 44 
 Expenses of Cook Co. in 
 
 Detail 1892 45 
 
 Hospital, Detention for 
 
 Insane 44 
 
 Insane Asylum, Expen- 
 ses of 46 
 
 Insane Asylum of Cook 
 
 County 43 
 
 Jail-. County, Location of 43 
 
 44 
 
 COUNTY GOV'T-Continued. 
 
 Jail, Interior of 43 
 
 Jail, Murderer's Row — 44 
 Jail, The Anarchist Cells 43 
 
 Jail, Visitors to 43 
 
 Judiciary of Cook Co. . . 46 
 Normal School Salary 
 
 List 46 
 
 Poor House, Expenses of 46 
 Poor House of Cook Co. 44 
 Power of Commissioner's 41 
 Prosecuting Attorney, 
 
 Expenses of 46 
 
 Receipts from Co. Offi- 
 cers 1892, Estimated. . . 45 
 
 Revenue of Cook Co 44 
 
 Salaries of Commission- 
 ers 41 
 
 Salaries of County Em- 
 ployees 45 
 
 Sheriff's Office, Expen- 
 ses of 46 
 
 State's Attorney, Expen- 
 ses of 46 
 
 Supt. of Public Service, 
 
 Expenses of 46 
 
 Supplies of Co. Institu- 
 tions, Cost of 45 
 
 Taxable Valuation of 
 Cook Co. Property... 46 
 
 DETECTIVE AGENCIES. 
 
 Bonfield Detect. Ag'y.. .263 
 Bruce Detective Ag'y.. 263 
 Hartman Detect. A^'y.263 
 Mooney & Boland De- 
 tective Agency 263 
 
 Pinkerton's National 
 
 Detective Agency .263 j 
 Pinkerton's Protective 
 
 Patrol . . .264 
 
 Thiel's Detect. Service. .264 ! 
 
 Union Detect. Assoc 264 
 
 Veteran's Police Patrol. 264 
 
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITU- 
 TIONS. 
 
 Allen's Academy 264 
 
 Amer. Brewing Acad ..295 
 Armour Mission Train- 
 ing school 295 
 
 Baptist M i s s i onary 
 
 Training School 295 
 
 Chicago Athaneum — 265 
 Chicago Kitchen Garden 
 
 Assoc 266 
 
 Chicago Manual Training 
 
 School 268 
 
 Chicago Theo logical 
 
 Seminary 269 
 
 De La Salle Institute. . .272 
 
 Free Kindergartens 404 
 
 Glenwood Training Sch. 
 
 for Boys 298 
 
 Hyde Park Auxiliary.. 300 
 Hyde Park Conserva- 
 tory 272 
 
 EDUCATIONAL INST.-Con'd. 
 
 111. Military Academy.. 272 
 Industrial Sch . for Girls 300 
 111. Sch. of Agriculture. 298 
 111. Training School tor 
 
 Nurses 29ti 
 
 Jewish Training School. 297 
 
 Josephinum, The 272 
 
 Kenwood Institute 273 
 
 Kenwood Physical Ob- 
 servatory 409 
 
 Lake Forest University 273 
 
 Lewis Institute 274 
 
 McCormick Theological 
 
 Seminary 274 
 
 Morgan Park Female 
 
 Seminary 277 
 
 Morgan Park Theologi- 
 cal Seminary 277 
 
 Northwestern Oratorical 
 
 League 277 
 
 Northwest'n University .278 
 
 St. Ignatius College 287 
 
 3 t. Xavier's Academy 288 
 University of Chicago.. 289 
 
 University School 292 
 
 Western Theological 
 
 Seminary 293 
 
 Medical Educational In- 
 stitutions 294 
 
 National Homeopathic 
 
 College 294 
 
 Reformatory Training 
 
 School 298 
 
 St . Mary's Training Sch . 
 
 for Boys 299 
 
 Training Schools 295 
 
 EXPRESS COMPANIES. 
 
 Adams Express 301 
 
 American Express 301 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Ex- 
 press 301 
 
 Brink's City Express ... .301 
 Location of Express 
 
 Offices 301 
 
 Northern Pacific Ex- 
 press 301 
 
 Pacific Express 301 
 
 United States Express. .301 
 Wells, Fargo & Co.'s 
 Express 300 
 
 FEDERAL REPRESENTAT'N. 
 
 U. S. Circuit Judge 47 
 
 U. S. Commissioners — 47 
 U. S. Courts in Chicago.. 47 
 
 U.S. District Judge 47 
 
 U. S. Government Offi- 
 cers in Chicago 47 
 
 U.S. Marshall 47 
 
 U. S. Minor Officers 47 
 
 U. S. Sub-Treasurer 47 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT 
 
 Area covered by Depart- 
 ment 48 
 
VI 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 FIRE DEP'T— Continaed. 
 
 City Telegraph and 
 
 Electric Lights 48 
 
 Efficiency of 48 
 
 Equipment and force.. 48 
 
 Eire Alarms 1891 48 
 
 Eire Losses 1891 48 
 
 Headquarters and Or- 
 ganization 48 
 
 Insurance Patrol 49 
 
 Location of Stations — 49 
 Marshalis Benner & 
 
 Swenie ... 48 
 
 Officers of Department. 48 
 
 Pen ion Fund 49 
 
 Standard of Discipline.. 48 
 
 GENERAL INFORMATION. 
 
 Abstracts of Titles 394 
 
 Academies (see "Educa- 
 tional Institutions"). . .264 
 Anarchist Monument. ..396 
 
 Anarchy in Chicago 396 
 
 Annexation 49 
 
 Annual Fat Stock Sho ws396 
 Amusem'ts (see "Amuse- 
 ments") 116 
 
 Architecture (see "Ar- 
 chitecture") 128 
 
 Area of Chicago 50 
 
 Area of Territory An- 
 nexed 50 
 
 Art in Chicago (see 
 
 "Art") 132i 
 
 Ashland Block 396 ! 
 
 Asylums and Homes (se3 
 
 "Charities") 161 t 
 
 Auditorium (see "Audi- 
 torium Building") ...138, 
 Auditorium Tower (see 
 
 "Auditorium Bldg.")..397 
 Banks (see " Banking 
 
 Institutions") 142 
 
 Boards of Trade (see 
 "Com. Exchanges") . . .259 
 
 Bridewell 51 j 
 
 Bridges and Viaducts . . 51 
 B'Jd'g. Operations, since I 
 
 1876 105 
 
 Buildings, 1891 13 
 
 Cable Lines' (see " City 
 Railway Service ") ...210 
 
 Calumet Lake, Area 52 
 
 Calumet River 52 
 
 Causes of Death 52 
 
 Cemeteries (see "Ceme- 
 teries ") 157 
 
 Center of Chicago, Geo- 
 graphical 51 
 
 Charitable Missions (see 
 
 "Charities") 165 
 
 Charitable Societies (see 
 
 " Charities ") 165 
 
 Charities 161 ! 
 
 Cbicagoas aR. R. Center478 I 
 Chicago Epitomized... .397 
 
 GEN'L INFORMATION-Con. 
 
 Chicago River. 5"2 
 
 Christian Organizations. 195 
 Churches (see Churches) .200 
 City Frontage on Lake 
 
 Michigan 52 
 
 City Parks 78 
 
 City Railways (see City 
 
 Railway Service) 210 
 
 Clubs, Athletic, Sport , g.220 
 Clubs, Gentlemen's and 
 
 Social 223 
 
 Clubs, Literary 248 
 
 Clubs, State Social Or- 
 
 aanization 253 
 
 Colleges (see " Educa- 
 tional Institutions) . 264 
 Commercial Exchanges 
 (see" Commercial Ex- 
 changes") 259 
 
 Consulates 397 
 
 Columbus Building 397 
 
 Cook County Hospital 
 (see " Hospitals and 
 Dispensaries ") . . . 342 
 Cook County Treasury 
 
 Statement 398 
 
 Coroner's Inquests 1891. 42 
 Coroner's Inquests, An- 
 alysis of 42 
 
 Crib, The 398 
 
 Daily Papers (see 
 
 " Newspapers ") 417 
 
 Daniel O'Connel Statue. 398 
 Day Nurseries and 
 Chreches (see " Chari- 
 ties) 163 
 
 Death Rate 52 
 
 Detective Agencies ( ee 
 " Detective Agen- 
 cies") 263 
 
 Diseases Prevalent 52 
 
 Dispensaries (see " Hos- 
 pitals and dispensa- 
 ries") 339 
 
 Distance of Chicago 
 from other principal 
 
 cities., 399 
 
 Drainage Canal (see 
 " Ship and Drainage 
 
 Canal") 1U7-H2 
 
 Drake Fountain 404 
 
 Education (see Public 
 
 Education") 90 
 
 Educational Institutions 
 see " Educational In- 
 stitutions") 264 
 
 Elevated Railways (see 
 
 "City R'y Service") . .210 
 En vir >ns of Chicago (see 
 
 "Outlying Chicago") .439 
 Estimate -1 Cost of City 
 
 Gov't for 1892 399 
 
 Exchanges, Commercial 
 (see "Commercial Ex- 
 changes 259 
 
 Express Companies 300 
 
 GEN'L INFORMATION-Con. 
 
 Factory Inspection 54 
 
 Farragut Monument — 402 
 
 Fire of 1871 399 
 
 Fire of 1874 401 
 
 Fire Relics 401 
 
 Foreign Coin, Value of 
 
 in U.S. Money 403 
 
 Fort Dearborn 403 
 
 Free Dispensaries (see 
 
 "Charities") 163 
 
 Free Employment Bu- 
 reaus (see "Charities")163 
 Free Hospitals (see 
 
 "Charities") 163 
 
 Fr.e Kindergartens 404 
 
 Fr< e Nurses (see "Chari- 
 ties") 163 
 
 Frontage of City on Riv- 
 ers 52 
 
 Geographical Centre of 
 
 Chicago 51 
 
 Goose Island 404 
 
 Grain Elevators (see 
 
 "Great Industries". .305 
 Grant Locomotive Wks. 
 
 (see "Great Ind'st's") .306 
 Grant Statue, Galena . . .402 
 Grant Statue, Lincoln 
 
 Park 405 
 
 Great Clocks of the City.405 
 Great Buildings of 1891 .106 
 Great Buildings of Chi- 
 cago (see Part V) 561 
 
 Great Industries of Chi- 
 cago (see Great Ind's^.302 
 Growth of Chicago in 
 
 square miles 50 
 
 Guide to all Parts of ( -.ee 
 
 Part V) 561 
 
 Hack and Cab Rates (see 
 
 Part V) f61 
 
 Hay market Massacre . . .408 
 
 Hay market Square 406 
 
 Health of <Hty 51 
 
 Hell Gate Crossing .... 407 
 
 Hirsch Monument 407 
 
 Horse Car Lines (see City 
 
 Railway Service) . 210 
 Hospitals (see "H ospitals 
 
 and Dispensaries") ... 339 
 Hotels (see "Hotels").... 858 
 House of Correction 51 
 Hyde Lake. Area. .52 
 
 Illinois Internal Reve- 
 nue Payments . 407 
 Illinois Steel Co (see 
 
 Great Industries") 3C8 
 Iodebtein's of Chicago. 408 
 Inebriate Asylums 361 
 
 Interstate Exposition. . .408 
 
 J. V. Farwell Co 40 I 
 
 Keeley Institute M 
 Kenwood Physical Ob- 
 servatory 4^9 
 
 Kosciusko Monument 109 
 Labor Temple 4U9 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Vll 
 
 GEN'L INFORMATION-Con. 
 
 Lake and River Front'ge 52 
 Lakes and Hi vers in 
 
 Chicago 52 
 
 Lake Transportation ... 5.3 
 Leading Societies (see 
 
 "Societies") 513 
 
 Lemont otone Quarries 
 (see "'Great Industries")314 
 Len th and Width of city 52 
 
 Libraries 380 
 
 Lite Saving Stations .... 383 
 
 Light Houses b83 
 
 Logan Statue 409 
 
 Longest Street in City . . 52 
 Market Squares — 410 
 Marriage Licenses, 1891 . 52 
 Marriage Licenses, Anal- 
 ysis of 52 
 
 Mayors of Chicago 410 
 
 Meat Markets 410 
 
 McCormick Harv. Mach. 
 Co. (see Great Indus.) . .315 
 
 Michigan Avenue 410 
 
 Mileage of Streets 53 
 
 Military (see "Military")384 
 Military Companies (see 
 
 "Military" 384 
 
 Milk Supply of Chicago. 411 
 
 Monuments 411 
 
 Morgue 53 
 
 Nat'n'l Banks (see Bank- 
 ing Institutions) 142 
 
 Nationalities Represent- 
 ed in Chicago 82 
 
 Natural Gas Supply. ... 53 
 New Patrol Wagon and 
 
 Ambulance 412 
 
 Newspapers 417 
 
 New Water Tunnels 412 
 
 Ogden Statue 412 
 
 O tlying Chicago (see 
 
 " Outlying Chicago ") .439 
 Police Department (see 
 ' "Police Department") 79 
 Pooulation Statistics (see 
 
 Population Statistics) 82 
 Post Office (see " Post - 
 
 Office") 85 
 
 Poverty in Chicago. .... 53 
 Private Banks (see Bank 
 ; Ins. State and Pri vate"150 
 Public Library (see Pub- 
 lic Library") 99 
 
 Public Parks: 67-78 
 
 Public School (see "Pub- 
 lic Education 90 
 
 Pullman see "Pullman")318 
 Pullman Palace Car Co. 
 
 see Great Industries). .327 
 Railroads (see Railroads 
 
 and where t hey lead to) 478 
 Railroads centering in 
 
 Chicago 478 
 
 Railroad Entrances 51 
 
 Railway Passenger De- 
 pots 478-513 
 
 GEN'L INFORMATION-Con. 
 
 Real Estate (see "Real 
 
 Estate and Building"). 103 
 Recognized Charities . . 161 
 
 Revenge Circular 412 
 
 Riot of '77 412 
 
 Rookery 413 
 
 Sanitary Condition of 
 
 City 51 
 
 Schools (see "Public Ed- 
 ucation 1 ') 90 
 
 Shakespeare Statue, 
 
 Lincoln Park 413 
 
 Sheridan Road 413 
 
 Sheridan Statue 414 
 
 Ship Building(see "G reat 
 
 Industries?) 328 
 
 Sights of Chicago (see 
 
 Part -V) 561 
 
 Societies (see "Socities")513 
 State Banns (see "Bank- 
 ing Institutions, State 
 and Private") ... .150 
 
 State Central Com 414 
 
 State Institutions (see 
 
 "State Institutions") . .526 
 State Militia (see "Mili- 
 tary") 384 
 
 Strangers 1 G uide (sec 
 
 Part V) £61 
 
 Street Car Lines (see 
 
 "City Railw , yService")210 
 Stock Yards (see "Union 
 
 Stock Yard"), 329 
 
 Suburbs Annexed 49 
 
 Suburbs of Chicago (see 
 
 "Outlying Chicago"). .439 
 Subterranean Theater.. 415 
 Surrounding Cities and 
 
 Towns '28 
 
 Telegraph Service 415 
 
 Telephones 415 
 
 Tenement House Inpec- 
 
 tion 54 
 
 Territory Annexed 49 
 
 Thirty-one Daily Trips 
 
 (See Part V) 561 
 
 Thomas Orchestra 416 
 
 Topography of Chicago. 54 
 Towns around Chicago. 533 
 Tributary Cities and 
 Towns (see" Tributary 
 Cities and Towns") . . . .528 
 Union Stock Yards (See 
 " Great Industries "). .329 
 
 Uniting City and Co 55 
 
 Universities (see " Edu- 
 cational Ins." ) 264 
 
 University of Illinois — 416 
 Urban Transit (see "City 
 
 R v. Service" 210 
 
 U. S. Appraisers 1 Bldg. 416 
 
 Viaducts 51 
 
 Vital Statistics 51 
 
 Von Linne Statue 416 
 
 Ward Area of Chicago.. 50 
 Water Transportation. 533 
 
 GEN'L INFORMATION-Con. 
 
 Water Supply (see Water 
 Works) 55 
 
 W ater Work s (see 
 "Water Works").. 112-115 
 
 Weekly Newspaper (see 
 " Newspapers ") 431 
 
 William Prince of Orange 
 Statue 416 
 
 Wolf Lake, Area 52 
 
 World's Columbian Ex- 
 position (see Part IV . . 537 
 
 World's Fair (see Part 
 IV) 537 
 
 Yerkes 1 Fountain 417 
 
 GREAT BUILDINGS OF CHI- 
 CAGO. 
 
 Adams Express Bldg. . . 581 
 
 Ashland Blocic 396 
 
 Auditorium 138 
 
 Board of Trade Bldg ... 259 
 Bordon Block. ....582 
 
 Bro. Jonathan Bldg 576 
 
 Bryan Block 572 
 
 Buildings of 1891 106 
 
 Calumet Bldg 574 
 
 CaxtonBldg 580 
 
 Central Music Hall 585 
 
 Chamber of Com. Bldg.. 570 
 
 Chemical Bk . Bldg 582 
 
 City Hal 562 
 
 Columbus Bldg 397 
 
 Commerce Bldg 5'tti 
 
 Counselman Bldg 5*6 
 
 Cook Co. Abstract Bid. .597 
 
 County Hospital 6i6 
 
 Court House 562 
 
 Dearborn Station . 581 
 
 Donohue & Henneberry 
 
 Building 581 
 
 Evening Journal BMd'g.SSl 
 Evening Post Building.. 598 
 
 Fair, The 594 
 
 First National Rk. Bldg.,581 
 German Theatre Bldg. . .597 
 Grand Central Depot ... 511 
 Great Northern Hotel . .580 
 Haymarket Building — 614 
 Home Insurance Bldg. .574 
 Ins. Exchange Bldg . . . ., .&76 
 Inter Ocean Building. . .582 
 John M.Smyth Bldg.... 613 
 
 Kent Building 572 
 
 Kimball Hall 601 
 
 Lafayette Building 560 
 
 Leiter Building 594 
 
 Madison Hall 614 
 
 Major Block 572 
 
 Manhattan Building .. 5M) 
 Marshall Field & Co., re- 
 tail 587 
 
 Marshall Field's Whole- 
 sale Building ?89 
 
 Marine Building 560 
 
 Masonic Temple 58;> 
 
 Mercantile Building — 571 
 
Vlll 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 GREAT BUILDIXGS-Con. 
 
 Merchants' Building'. ..570 
 Monadnock and Kear- 
 
 sage Building- 580 
 
 Monon Building 580 
 
 Opera House Block. 197 
 
 Otis Building 571 
 
 Palmer House 594 
 
 Pheonix Building 576 
 
 Pontiac Building 580 
 
 Portland Block 582 
 
 Post Office 581 
 
 hand McNally Build- 
 
 iog 575 
 
 Reaper Block 597 
 
 Republic Life Building.. 572 
 
 Rookery Building 576 
 
 Royal Ins. Building 576 
 
 Security Building 599 
 
 StaatsZeitung Building.598 
 Stock Exchange Build'g.581 
 
 Stone Building 614 
 
 Tacoma Building 571 
 
 Temple Court Building. .581 
 
 Temple, The 573 
 
 Times Building 598 
 
 Tremont House 582 
 
 Tribune Building 582 
 
 Union Building 570 
 
 Union Depot 612 
 
 Unity Building 582 
 
 U. S. Appraisers' Build'g41 6 
 Wheeler Building 567 
 
 UK EAT INDUSTRIES. 
 
 Calumet Iron & steel Co.304 
 Columbia Steel Car Co . . 305 
 
 Grain Elevators 305 
 
 Grain Elevators, De- 
 scription of 305 
 
 Grain Elevators, capac- 
 ity of , ere 305 
 
 Grant Locomotive Wks.3L6 
 Grant Locomotive Wks. 
 
 Importance of 307 
 
 Great Western Locomo- 
 
 ti\e Works 307 
 
 Illinois Steel Company . .308 
 Illinois Steel Co., capi- 
 tal, etc 308 
 
 Ilinois Steel Company, 
 
 Joliet Works 312 
 
 Illinois Steel Company, 
 
 Milwaukee Works 311 
 
 Illinois Steel Company, 
 
 N . Chicago Works 309 
 
 Illinois Steel Company, 
 
 Product of 309 
 
 Illinois Steel Company, 
 
 S. Chicago Works 310 
 
 Illinois Steel Company, 
 
 Union works. . .'. 311 
 
 John H. Bass Car Wheel 
 
 Works 313 
 
 Joseph Klicka 313 
 
 Kearns & Orme 313 
 
 KurzBros. &Buhrer.. .314 
 
 GREAT INDUSTRIES-Cou. 
 
 Lake Side Nail Co 314 
 
 Lemont Stone Quarries. 314 
 McCormick Harvesting 
 
 Machine Co 315 
 
 McCormick Harvesting 
 Machine Co., Inspct. 
 
 of Works 316 
 
 McCormick Harvesting- 
 Machine Co., Secrets 
 
 of success 317 
 
 McCormick Harvesting 
 Machine Co., The First 
 
 Harvester 317 
 
 McCormick Harvesting- 
 Machine Co., Wide 
 Spread Business of . . . 317 
 Norton Bros. Works.... 318 
 Pullman (See " Pull- 
 man") 318 
 
 Pullman, Industries of .318 
 Pullman Palace Car Co. 327 
 Pullman Palace Car Co., 
 
 Business of 327 
 
 Pullman Palace Car Co., 
 
 Disbursements 328 
 
 Pullman Palace Car Co., 
 
 Earnings and profits. 328 
 Pullman Palace Car Co., 
 
 Revenue 328 
 
 Railroad Trans 304 
 
 Richards & Kelly Mfg. 
 
 Co 328 
 
 Seed Market 328 
 
 Ship Building Yard. .. 328 
 Source of Iron Ore and 
 
 Coal Supply 3C2 
 
 Stock Yds. (See "Union 
 
 Stock Fards") 329 
 
 Thompson & Taylor 
 
 Spice Company 329 
 
 Union Stock Yards (see 
 
 u Union Stock Yds") . .329 
 Water Transportation . .303 
 W. W. Kimball Co 338 
 
 GUIDE, THE 
 
 First Day 562 
 
 Second Day 566 
 
 Third Day 568 
 
 Fourth Day 573 
 
 Fifth Day 576 
 
 Sixth Day 577 
 
 Seventh Day 579 
 
 Eighth Day 582 
 
 Ninth Day 587 
 
 Tenth Day 591 
 
 Eleventh Day. 592 
 
 Twelfth Day 594 
 
 Thirteenth Day 595 
 
 Fourteenth Day 597 
 
 Fifteenth Day 599 
 
 Sixteenth Day 610 
 
 Seventeenth Day 002 
 
 Eighteenth Day 004 
 
 Nineteenth Day 006 
 
 Twentieth Day mn 
 
 GUIDE-Continued. 
 
 Twenty-first Day 609 
 
 Twenty-second Day 611 
 
 Twenty-third Day 614 
 
 Twenty-fourth Day 614 
 
 Twenty-fifth Day 610 
 
 Twenty-sixth Day 610 
 
 Twenty-seventh Day 617 
 
 Twenty eighth Day 618 
 
 Twenty-ninth Day 619 
 
 Thirtieth Day 620 
 
 Thirty-first Day , 620 
 
 Abend Post Office 598 
 
 Adams Express Bldg — 581 
 
 Arend's Pharmacy 598 
 
 Arend's Kumyss 599 
 
 Armour & Co 574 
 
 Armour, P. D., Charac- 
 teristics of 574 
 
 Ashland Avenue 615 
 
 Ashland Block, the New.597 
 
 Bee Hive 594 
 
 Berry, the Candy Man . .599 
 
 "Biler" Avenue 577 
 
 Blacklegs 595 
 
 Blu^e Island Avenue 610 
 
 Blue Island Ave. Dist. . . 610 
 Boarding House Rates. .562 
 Board of Trade District.576 
 Board of Trade District 
 
 before the Fire . . 577 
 Board of Trade Gallery. 576 
 
 Borden Block 582 
 
 Boston Store, Tne 592 
 
 Brentano's 602 
 
 Broken Savings Banks. .597 
 Brothels and Bacnios .578 
 Brother Jonathan Bldg. 576 
 Browning, King & Co. . .597 
 
 Bryan Block ...572 
 
 Bryant & Stratton 603 
 
 Buck & Ray nor 's 592 
 
 "Bunco Steerers" 595 
 
 Business Lunches 571 
 
 Calumet Avenue, People 
 
 Who Reside on 605 
 
 Calumet Building 574 
 
 Carriages 561 
 
 Carriage District 601 
 
 Carson, Pine, Scott & Co.592 
 
 Caxton Building 580 
 
 Central Detail Station. ..564 
 Central Music Hall . 585 
 
 Chambers' Corner 595 
 
 Chamber of Commerce 
 
 Building 570 
 
 Charles L. Hutchinson.. 572 
 Chemical Bank Building 582 
 
 "Cheyenne" 577 
 
 Chicago Coll'ge of Music 587 
 Chicago Opera House. . .597 
 Chicago Oyster House. .599 
 Cicero Electric Line. . . .614 
 
 City Clerk's Office 561 
 
 City Collector's Office . .505 
 
 City Hall 562 
 
 City H8ll,TripThrough.563 
 
 ! 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 13l 
 
 GUIDE— Continued. 
 
 College Place 607 
 
 Commerce Building 576 
 
 Comptroller's Office 565 
 
 Confidence Men 564 
 
 Corner Drug Stores 592 
 
 Coroner's Office 567 
 
 Cost of City Hall 563 
 
 Cost of Court House. . . .563 
 
 Council Chamber 565 
 
 Counselman Building. . .576 
 County Clerk's Office .... 567 
 County Hospital and Sur- 
 roundings 616 
 
 County Recorder's Office567 
 County Treasurers Of- 
 fice 568 
 
 Coupes 561 
 
 Court House 562 
 
 Courts and Court 
 
 Rooms 568 
 
 Curry's News Stand — 599 
 Cyclorama Buildiny s — 601 
 
 Daily News Office 598 
 
 Dale and Sempill's 596 
 
 Dale & Sempill's Popu- 
 larity 596 
 
 Deai'born Avenue 618 
 
 Dearborn Station 581 
 
 Detective Offices 563 
 
 Donohue & Henneberry 581 
 
 Drexel Bou le vard 608 
 
 Evening Journal Build- 
 ing : 581 
 
 Evening Post Building..598 
 
 Fair, The 591 
 
 Farwell Hall 599 
 
 Fashionable Retail Cen- 
 ter 592 
 
 " Fences " for Thieves. .578 
 Fidelity Bank Building. 597 
 Fire Alarm Officers. .. 564 
 First National Bank 
 
 Building 581 
 
 Fish, Jcx-eph & Co 592 
 
 FiskD. B.&lCo 603 
 
 Franklin McVeagh & 
 
 Co 603 
 
 Freie Presse Office 598 
 
 French Consul 569 
 
 French, Potter &. Wil- 
 son 603 
 
 Gamblers and Sports. . . 595 
 
 Gambling District 595 
 
 German Theater Build- 
 ing 579 
 
 Globe Office 598 
 
 Grand Boulevard 607 
 
 Grand Pacific Hotel 576 
 
 Grant Locomotive Wks.615 
 Great Northern Hotel . . 580 
 
 Groveland Square 609 
 
 Hack and Cai Rates.... 561 
 
 Hansom Cabs 561 
 
 Hay market Building . . . 614 
 Headquarters Colum- 
 bian Exposition 575 
 
 GUIDE— Continued. 
 
 Health Department 563 
 
 Heath & Milligan 598 
 
 Herald Building 598 
 
 Home Insurance Build- 
 ing - 574 
 
 Hotel Rates 562 
 
 Hotels and Boarding 
 
 Houses 562 
 
 Insurance Exchange 
 
 Building 575 
 
 Inter Ocean Building ... 5K2 
 Iron and Steel Center. . .616 
 
 Jackson Hall 569 
 
 James H. Walker's & Co.6f'2 
 James Wilde Jr. & Co. . .593 
 J. B. Chambers & Co .... 597 
 Jesse Spalding's Office. . .569 
 
 Jesuit Churcn 610 
 
 John M.Smyth Bldg....613 
 
 Keith & Co 602 
 
 Kent Building 572 
 
 Kern's 571 
 
 Kimball Hall 601 
 
 Kohlsaat's 571 
 
 Lafayette Building 569 
 
 Lake Shore Drive 619 
 
 Lake View 619 
 
 La Salle Avenue 619 
 
 La Salle St 568 
 
 Lake Street . ... 583 
 
 Leader, The 594 
 
 Leading Houses and In- 
 dustries (see Spe'l Ref )620 
 
 "Levee"The 577 
 
 Loeb& Bro 571 
 
 Lodging House Misery.. 579 
 
 Lodging Houses 579 
 
 Lower Strata of Society . 579 
 
 Lumber District 616 
 
 Madison Hall 612 
 
 Madison Street Bridge . . .61 1 
 Madison & Clark Sts. . . .?95 
 
 Major Block 572 
 
 Mandel Bros 592 
 
 Manhatten Building 580 
 
 Manufacturing Center. .617 
 
 Marine Building F 69 
 
 Marshall Field's Business 
 
 Methods 590 
 
 Marshall Field, Career 
 
 of 587 
 
 Marshall Field, in private 
 
 life 591 
 
 Marshall Field & Co 587 
 
 Marshall Field & Co's. 
 
 barn 578 
 
 Marshall Field & Co's 
 
 Bldg., Retail 591 
 
 Marshall Field & Co's 
 
 Business 589 
 
 Masonic Temple 583 
 
 Masonic Temple,Propor- 
 
 tionsof 583 
 
 Maxwell's 602 
 
 May Subway 565 
 
 Mayor's Offices 604 
 
 GUIDE-Continued. 
 
 McClurg's Book Store . . 602 
 
 McVicker's 582 
 
 Mercantile Building 571 
 
 Merchant's Building 570 
 
 Merchants' Nat'l Bank 569 
 Methodist Church Bi'ck.597 
 Metropolitan National 
 
 Bank 571 
 
 Michigan Boulevard — 607 
 
 Milwaukee Avenue 617 
 
 Monon Building 580 
 
 Monadnock and Kear- 
 
 sarge Building 580 
 
 National Bank of Amer- 
 ica 570 
 
 North Clark Street 617 
 
 Northern Suburbs 619 
 
 Northwestern Masonic 
 
 Aid Asso .« 575 
 
 Northwestern Suburbs . 620 
 O'Brien's Art Gallery. . .602 
 Old Financial Wrecks. .570 
 Old "Terror" District.. 610 
 Old South Market Sq. . .5:5 
 Only Bldg saved from 
 the fire on the South 
 
 Side 572 
 
 Opera House Block 597 
 
 Otis Building 571 
 
 Pacific Ave 577 
 
 Palmer House 594 
 
 Parmaiee's Agents . .561 
 Pawn Broker's District. 578 
 
 Pearson St 619 
 
 Phenix Bldg 570 
 
 Police Headquarters 565 
 
 Police Reporters' Room 564 
 
 Pontiac Bldg 580 
 
 Portland Block 582 
 
 Postoffice Bldg 581 
 
 Potter Palmer 586 
 
 Prairie Avenue 604 
 
 Prairie Ave., Appear- 
 ance of 604 
 
 Pi-airie Ave., People who 
 
 reside on 605 
 
 Present Slums of Chica- 
 go 578 
 
 Printing House Dis't. . .581 
 Prominent Residents of 
 
 North Side Aves .617 
 Prominent Residents of 
 
 South Side Avenues. . .604 
 Prominent Residents of 
 
 West Side Avenues . 615 
 Public School Depa t- 
 
 ment 565 
 
 Public Library 565 
 
 Public Works Depart- 
 ment 565 
 
 Race Murder, Scene of. .578 
 Rand-McNally Building.575 
 
 Reaper Block 597 
 
 Republic Life Buildin* 572 
 Retail Dry Goods Stores 592 
 Rock Island Depot 578 
 
GLTDE-Continued. 
 
 Rookery Building 576 
 
 Koom Rates 562 
 
 Root & Sons Music Co . . . «U2 
 Royal Insurance Build'g576 
 
 Rush Street 618 
 
 Ryan, P. F. & Co 614 
 
 Scarlet Women and De- 
 praved Men 578 
 
 School Property 593 
 
 Security Building 599 
 
 Seigel, Cooper & Co.'s. . .594 
 
 Sheriff's Office 567 
 
 Slack's 602. 
 
 Slums, The Heart of the.579 
 
 Smyth, John M. 613 
 
 Smyth Building 613 
 
 Smyth, John M., Busi- 
 ness of 613 
 
 Smyth's Town Market . .613 
 Staats Zeitung Building. 598 
 
 Standard Guide Co 581 
 
 State Street Compared 
 
 with Foreign Streets.. 582 
 State Street from the 
 
 Bridge 582 
 
 State Street, Original 
 
 Improvement of 586 
 
 State Street, Potter 
 Palmer's Generosity . .586 
 
 Stensland, Paul O 617 
 
 Stock Exchange Bldg . .581 
 
 Stone Building 614 
 
 Subscription Book Dist 601 
 South Clark Street .... 578 
 South Halsted Street... 609 
 South Water Street ... .583 
 Southern Manufact'ng 
 
 Suburbs 620 
 
 Tacoma Building 571 
 
 Temple, the 573 
 
 Temple Court Bldg .581 
 
 Temperarce Temple — 573 
 Thomson's Restaurant.. 581 
 
 Times Building 598 
 
 Tobey Furniture Co ... . 602 
 
 Touby&Co 614 
 
 Tremont House 582 
 
 Tribune Building 582 
 
 Trunk Rates 561 
 
 "Uncle Jesse" and "Un- 
 cle Phil" 569 
 
 Union Building 570 
 
 Union Depot 612 
 
 Union Nat. Bank 574 
 
 Union Stock Yards 609 
 
 Unity Building 582 
 
 University Place 607 
 
 Varnells 596 
 
 Varnish District 601 
 
 Vincennes Avenue <07 
 
 Wabash Avenue 601 
 
 Wabash A ve., Changes in601 
 Washington Boulevard. 616 
 
 Water Offices £65 
 
 We*t Madison St., a great 
 thoroughfare 611 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 GUIDE— Continued. 
 
 West Madison St., after 
 
 the fire 611 
 
 West Madison St., from 
 
 the Bridge 611 
 
 West Side Park System. 61 4 
 West Side Park System, 
 
 Drive through ;615 
 
 West Twelfth Street .. 610 
 Western Associated 
 
 Press Office 570 
 
 Western Suburbs 615 
 
 Western Union Office. . 570 
 
 Wheeler Building 5 r .6 
 
 Wholesale District 6 
 
 Would-be-sports f>95 
 
 Y. M C. A. Building. .572 
 Y. M. C. A. Quarters. . . .599 
 
 HISTORICAL. 
 
 Admission of Illinois. . . . 28 
 Anglo-Am'ican War .1812 24 
 Anglo-French Colonial 
 
 War 22 
 
 Black Partridge 26 
 
 Butchery of Fort Dear- 
 born 27 
 
 Chicago as a City 29 
 
 Chicago as a Thrifty 
 
 Village 28 
 
 Chicago Portage 22 
 
 Death of Marquette. ... 21 
 
 Defeat of Gen. Hull 25 
 
 E glish Intrigue 25 
 
 Escape of the Kinzie 
 
 Family 28 
 
 Establishment of Foitat 
 
 Chicago 23 
 
 Evacuation of Fort 
 
 Dearborn 27 
 
 Extensions of Chicago.. 29 
 First Settler of Chicago . 22 
 Fort Dearborn Erected. 24 
 Fort Dearborn Massacre 27 
 Fort Dearborn Rebuilt.. 28 
 Garrison of Fort Dear- 
 born 25 
 
 Growth of Chicago from 
 
 1837 29 
 
 Incorporation of Chgo. . 29 
 Ind an Chief Eschika- 
 
 gow or Chicago 21 
 
 Joliet and Marquette. . .. 21 
 
 Kinzie, John 25 
 
 La Salle's Explorations. 22 
 Le Mai, the Fur Trader. 22 
 
 Louisiana Purchase 23 
 
 Massacre of Fort Dear- 
 born, Site Of: .27 
 Original City of Chicago 29 
 Original Spelling of Chgo 21 
 
 Prrish Le Clerc 27 
 
 Point De Sable 22 
 
 Population of Chicago, 
 
 1837 29 
 
 Population of Chicago, 
 1855-60-66-70-80-86-89... 30 
 
 HISTORICAL— Continued. 
 
 Present Population of 
 
 Chicago 29 
 
 Second Settlement of 
 
 Chicago 28 
 
 St . Joseph, Michigan ... 23 
 
 Tippecanoe 25 
 
 War with England 25 
 
 Wells, Captain 26 
 
 Whistler, Captain John. 23 
 
 HOSPITALS AND DISPENSA- 
 RIES. 
 
 Alexian Bros Hospital. . .34*0 
 Augustana Hospital .341 
 
 Bennett Hospital 341 
 
 Chi. Emergency H os . .341 
 Chicago Floating Hos. . . 341 
 Chicago Horn. Hospital. 341 
 Chicago Hos. for Women 
 
 and Children ...341 
 
 Cook County Hospital. . .342 
 
 German Hospital 343 
 
 Hahnemann Hospital . . .343 
 
 Hebrew Hospital 344 
 
 Linnean Hospital 344 
 
 Locat'n of Dispensaries. 340 
 Maurice Porter Memor'l 
 
 Free Hospital 344 
 
 Mercy H ospital 3 14 
 
 Michael Reese Hospital. 345 
 Natn'l Temperance Hos 346 
 Presbyterian Hospital .346 
 
 Provident Hospital 347 
 
 Ry. Brotherhood Hos ...347 
 St. Elizabeth's Hospital .?47 
 St. Joseph's Hospital . 347 
 St.Luke's Free Hospital. 348 
 St. Vincent's Maternity 
 
 Hospital 350 
 
 U S. Marine Hospital .... 35<) 
 
 Wesley Hospital 351 
 
 Woman's Hospital 35."' 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 Atlantic Hotel 35." 
 
 Auditorium Hotel 35; 
 
 Briggs House 353 
 
 Burhe's European Hotel353 
 Capacity of Chicago Ho- 
 tels 352 
 
 Clifton House 353 
 
 Commercial Hotel. ... 353 
 
 Continental Hotel 353 
 
 Gault House 353 
 
 Gore's Hotel 353 
 
 G rand Pacific Hotel 354 
 
 Hotel Brevoort 356 
 
 Hotel Drexel 
 
 Hotel Grace 355 
 
 Hotels, Miscellaneous.. .358 
 
 Hotel Wellington 355 
 
 Hotel Woodruff 3jg 
 
 Hyde Park Hotel jg 
 
 Leading Hotels 351 
 
 Leland Hotel 3B 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 XI 
 
 HOTELS-Continued. 
 
 McCoy's Europ'n Hot'l . .356 
 
 Palmer House 356 
 
 Richelieu Hotel 357 
 
 Saratoga Hotel 357 
 
 Sherman House 357 
 
 Southern Hotel a58 
 
 Tremont House 358 
 
 Victoria Hotel 358 
 
 Virginia Hotel 358 
 
 INEBRIATE ASYLUMS. 
 
 Alexian Brother's Hospi- 
 tal 361 
 
 Earle's Private Sanitari- 
 um ...! 361 
 
 Keeley Institute (see 
 "Keeley Institute," 
 
 The) 362 
 
 MarthaWash'gt'n Home 36] 
 
 Mercy Hospital 361 
 
 St. Joseph's Hospital. ...361 
 Washingtonian Home. ..362 
 
 KEELEY INSTITUTE, THE 
 
 Associated Keeley Bi- 
 chloride of Gold Club.. 364 
 Bichloride of Gold Club 
 
 ofDwight 361 
 
 Character of the Patients364 
 Daily Life at D wight. . . 365 
 Departures and Arrivals 366 
 
 Depot 366 
 
 Discovery of theRemedy366 
 
 Diseases Treated 367 
 
 D wight, Description of ..367 
 Effects of the Treatment368 
 
 Express Office 369 
 
 Government Recogni- 
 tion 369 
 
 Harry Lawrence's 369 
 
 Hotel and Boarding 
 House Accommoda- 
 tion 370 
 
 How One Man was Dis- 
 eased and How Cured.370 
 Information for the In- 
 terested 371 
 
 Inebriety, a Disease 372 
 
 Keeley, as a Man 373 
 
 Keeley Institutes— 
 
 Branches 373 
 
 K eeley I nstitute, Chicago374 
 Keeley Institute,Foreign374 
 Keeley Institute,Parent 
 
 House 375 
 
 Keeley Institute, Win- 
 
 netka 374 
 
 Leslie E. Keeley Com- 
 pany, The 376 
 
 Medical Staff 376 
 
 No Restraint 376 
 
 Other Bichloride of Gold 
 
 Cures 377 
 
 Photography -. 377 
 
 I Pocket Money 377 
 
 Postoffice 377 
 
 KEELEY INSTITUTE-Con. ! MANUFACTURES— Con. 
 
 Railroad Communica- 
 tion 378 
 
 Rules and Regulations .. 378 
 
 Slang 378 
 
 Sympathy 379 
 
 Taking the Remedy 379 
 
 What the . Treatment 
 Does 279 
 
 LIBRARIES. 
 
 Armour Mission Lib'ry. 380 
 
 Chicago Athaneum Li- 
 brary 380 
 
 Chicago Branch I. T. & 
 M. Society Library. . . .380 
 
 Chicago Historical Soci- 
 ety Library 380 
 
 Hyde Park Lyceum Li- 
 brary 380 
 
 Illinois Tract Society Li- 
 brary 380 
 
 John Crerar Library 380 
 
 Lincoln St. M. E. Free 
 Library 380 
 
 Newberry Library 381 
 
 Public Library(see " Pub- 
 lic Library ") 99 
 
 Pullman Public Lib'ry . .382 
 
 Ravenswood Public Li- 
 brary 382 
 
 South Chicago Public 
 Lib-ary 3^ 
 
 Union Catholic Lib'ry.. 382 
 
 Western New Church 
 Library 383 
 
 Wheeler Library 383 
 
 LIFE-SAYING STATIONS. 
 
 Chicago Life-Sav'g St'n.383 
 Evanston Life-Sav'g Stn383 
 
 LIGHTHOUSES. 
 
 Chicago Light 383 
 
 Crib and Br'kw'r Lights. 334 
 Grosse Point Light 384 
 
 MANUFACTURES OF CHI- 
 CAGO. 
 
 Brass, Copper, etc 5 7 
 
 Brewing, Distilling and 
 
 Tobacco 57 
 
 Bricks, Stone, etc 58 
 
 Capital Employed, 1891. . 57 
 Capital Employed in Va- 
 rious Manufactures. 57-61 
 
 Chemicals 58 
 
 Iron and Steel 59 
 
 Iron and Wood 58 
 
 Lab^r Employed 57 
 
 Leather 59 
 
 Manufactures, Miscel ... 61 
 
 Meats 59 
 
 No. of Mnfg. Firms, 1891 57 
 Printing 60 
 
 Textiles 60 
 
 Wages, Employes, 57-61 
 
 Wood 90 
 
 MARITIME INTERESTS. 
 
 Arrivals at Chicago Har- 
 bor, Comparative... . 61 
 
 Arrivals from 188 Uo 1891 63 
 
 Clearances at Chicago 
 Harbor, Comparative. 61 
 
 Clearances from 1883 to 
 1891 63 
 
 Coastwise Receipts and 
 Shipments 62 
 
 Comparison with Lake 
 Ports (52 
 
 Comparison with Sea- 
 board Cities 61 
 
 Greatest Harbor i n 
 Ameriea 61 
 
 Lake-Carrying Trade.. . 61 
 
 Shipments of Grain to 
 Canada 62 
 
 Tonnage of Lake Vessels 63 
 
 Value of Exports by 
 Lake 63 
 
 Vessels Cleared at Chi- 
 cago 61 
 
 Vessels Entered at Chi- 
 cago 61 
 
 Vessels Owned in Chi- 
 cago 64 
 
 MILITARY. 
 
 Battery D, 1st Artillery .389 
 
 Cavalry Troop A 391 
 
 Chicago Hussars 1-91 
 
 Chicago Zouaves 39 i 
 
 Cook's Chicago Lancers 392 
 Ellsworth Chi. Zouaves. 392 
 Evanston Zouaves. 393 
 
 First Brig., I.N.G.,Gen'l 
 
 and Staff ^87 
 
 First Regt. , Armory — 389 
 First Regt., Field & Staff 
 
 Officers 388 
 
 First Regt., I. N. G. ...387 
 First Regt, Standing and 
 
 Personnel 388 
 
 Fort Sheridan . . . ...o85 
 
 Gov. Headquarters ... 384 
 Illinois National Guards 386 
 Military Dept.of the Mo. 384 
 
 Rock Island Arsenal 38t; 
 
 Second Regt, Band 391 
 
 Second Regt., Field and 
 
 Staff officers 390 
 
 Second Regt, I. N.G . 39 t 
 Second Regt., Hst. of. 39(» 
 Veteran Societies 393 
 
 NEWSPAPERS- DAILY. 
 
 Abendpost 41 t 
 
 Arbeiter Zeitung 418 
 
 Dagbladet... 420 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 ■■ 
 
 NEWSPAPERS, DAILY-Con. 
 
 Daily National Hotel 
 
 Reporter, The 418 
 
 Daily News, The 419 
 
 Daily Sun, The 420 
 
 Drovers Journal, The . . .420 
 
 E vening J o urnal 420 
 
 Freie Presse 422 
 
 Goodall's Daily Sun 422 
 
 Herald, The Chicago . . . .423 
 Illinois Staats Zeitung..424 
 Inter - Ocean The Chi- 
 cago 425 
 
 Listy 426 
 
 Mail, The Chicago 418 
 
 Post, The Evening 426 
 
 Press, The Evening 418 
 
 Times, The Chicago ... .428 
 Tribune, The Chicago.. 429 
 
 N E WSP A PERS-WEEK LY AN D 
 OTHER PUBLICATION. 
 
 Advance, The 431 
 
 Banner of Gold, The ... 431 
 Brainard's Musical 
 
 World 432 
 
 Chicago Dramatic 
 
 Journal 432 
 
 Chicago Eagle 432 
 
 Citizen, The 432 
 
 Credit Company, The. . .433 
 
 Economist, The 433 
 
 Farmers' Review, The. 434 
 
 Figaro 434 
 
 Exposition Graphic, The434 
 
 Furniture 434 
 
 <5erman- American . 435 
 
 Graphic, The 435 
 
 Inland Architect and 
 
 News Record 435 
 
 Inland Printer, The. ... 435 
 
 Interior, Lhe 435 
 
 Iron Age, The 436! 
 
 Legal Adviser, The 436 
 
 Lumber Trade Journal. .436 
 National Builder, The. . .4:56 , 
 
 Nederlander, De 436 
 
 Norden 43d 
 
 Northwestern Christian 
 
 Advocate 437! 
 
 Northwestern Lumber- 
 man, The 437 
 
 Occident 437 
 
 Orange Judd Farmer.. 437 
 
 Prairie Farmer, The 4S8 
 
 Presto 438 
 
 Railway Age, The 438 
 
 Sullivan's LawDirectory438 
 
 T T ni versalist 438 
 
 Union Signal 438 
 
 Saturday Eve'g Herald 439 
 
 OUTLYING CHICAGO. 
 
 Arrangement of 
 
 Suburbs 439 
 
 Alpine 441 
 
 Altenheim 441 
 
 OUTLYING CHICAGO-Con. 
 
 Antioch 411 
 
 Argyle Park 441 
 
 Arlington Heights 442 
 
 Auburn Park 442 
 
 Aurora 442 
 
 Austin 442 
 
 Avondale 443 
 
 Barrington 443 
 
 Batavia 443 
 
 Bayer 443 
 
 Bensonville 443 
 
 Benton 443 
 
 Berwyn 443 
 
 Bloom 443 
 
 Blue Island 443 
 
 Brainard 444 
 
 Bremen 444 
 
 Brighton Park 444 
 
 Brisbane 414 
 
 Buena Park 444 
 
 Burlington 444 
 
 Burlington Heights 444 
 
 Calvary 444 
 
 Camp McDonald 444 
 
 Camp Lake 444 
 
 Caqfteld 444 
 
 Cary 444 
 
 Cheltenham 444 
 
 Chicago Lawn 444 
 
 City and Environs 439 
 
 Clarendon Hills 444 
 
 Clifton 444 
 
 Clintonville 444 
 
 Clyde 444 
 
 Colehour 444 
 
 Conleys 445 
 
 Cortland .445 
 
 Crawford 445 
 
 Crete 445 
 
 Crown Point 445 
 
 Crystal Lake 445 
 
 Cummings 445 
 
 Cuyler 445 
 
 Dalton 445 
 
 Dauphin Park 445 
 
 Deering 445 
 
 DeKalb 445 
 
 Deplaines 445 
 
 Des Plaines 445 
 
 Dolton 445 
 
 Downer's Grove 445 
 
 Dyer 446 
 
 East Grove 446 
 
 East Roseland (see Rose- 
 land 446 
 
 Edgewater 446 
 
 Edison Park 446 
 
 Egrgleston 447 
 
 Filburn 449 
 
 Elgin - 449 
 
 Elmhurst 449 
 
 Elsdon 449 
 
 Enjrlewood 449 
 
 Englewood Heights 449 
 
 Englewood on the Hill.. 449 
 Eola 450 
 
 OUTLYING CHICAGO-Con. 
 
 Evanston, City of 45;) 
 
 Evanston 450 
 
 Evergreen Park 452 
 
 Fair view Park .452 
 
 Feehanville 442 
 
 Fernwood 452 
 
 Forest Hill 452 
 
 Forest Home 452 
 
 Fort Sheridan 452 
 
 Fox Lake 452 
 
 Franklin Park 45:? 
 
 Geneva 453 
 
 Glencoe 453 
 
 Glen Ellyn . . . . , 453 
 
 Gienwood 453 
 
 Goodenow 4 53 
 
 G rand Crossing 453 
 
 Grant Locomotive W'ks, 
 
 addition 453 
 
 Grayiand 453 
 
 Gray's Lake 454 
 
 Greenwood 454 
 
 Greggs 454 
 
 Griffith 454 
 
 Grossdale 454 
 
 Gross Park 455 
 
 Gurnee 455 
 
 Hammond 455 
 
 Harlem 45*5 
 
 Harvey 456 
 
 Hawthorne 457 
 
 Hesiewisch 458 
 
 Hessville 458 
 
 Highland Park 458 
 
 Highlands 458 
 
 High Ridge 458 
 
 Hinsdale 458 
 
 Hyde Park Center 459 
 
 Irving Park 460 
 
 Itaska 46 t 
 
 Jefferson Park. 460 
 
 Joliet 460 
 
 Kenosha 461 
 
 Kensington 461 
 
 Kenwood 461 
 
 Lacton . 462 
 
 LaFox 462 
 
 La Grange 4(52 
 
 LaVergne 463 
 
 Lake 463 
 
 Lake Bluff 463 
 
 Lake Forest 463 
 
 Lakeside 463 
 
 Lake Villa 463 
 
 Lemont 464 
 
 Liberty ville 4»>4 
 
 Linden Park 464 
 
 Lisle 4»i4 
 
 Lockport 464 
 
 Lombard .464 
 
 Mandel 464 
 
 Manhattan 464 
 
 Maple Park IH 
 
 Maplewood 464 
 
 Marley 464 
 
 Matteson 464 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Xlll 
 
 OUTLYING CHICAGO-Con. 
 
 Maynard 464 
 
 May wood 464 
 
 McCaffrey 465 
 
 Melrose 46^ 
 
 Millers 465 
 
 Mokena 465 
 
 Monee 465 
 
 Mont Clare 465 
 
 Montrose 465 
 
 Moreland 465 
 
 Morgan Park 465 
 
 Morton Park 466 
 
 Mount Forest 467 
 
 Mount Greenwood 467 
 
 Mount Prospect 467 
 
 Naperville 4b7 
 
 New Lenox 467 
 
 Normal Park 467 
 
 North and South Shores 441 
 
 North Evanston 467 
 
 Norwood 467 
 
 Oak Glen 467 
 
 Oakland 467 
 
 Oak Lawn 467 
 
 Oak Park , 467 
 
 Oakwoods 468 
 
 Orchard Place 468 
 
 Orland 468 
 
 Palatine 468 
 
 Park Ridge 468 
 
 Park Side 468 
 
 Pine 468 
 
 Prairie View 468 
 
 Prospect Park 468 
 
 Pullman (See " Great 
 
 Industries ") 468 
 
 Racine 468 
 
 Ravenswood 468 
 
 Ravinia 469 
 
 Redesdale 469 
 
 Rhodes 469 
 
 Richton 469 
 
 Ridgeland. 469 
 
 Riverdale 469 
 
 River Forest 4tt9 
 
 River Park 469 
 
 Riverside 469 
 
 Rockefeller 470 
 
 Romeo 470 
 
 Roseland 470 
 
 Sa°r Bridge 47L 
 
 Sherman 471 
 
 Silver Lake 471 
 
 South Chicago. 471 
 
 South Englewood 471 
 
 South Evanston 471 
 
 South Lawn 472 
 
 South Lynne 472 
 
 Spring Bluff 472 
 
 Stone Wood 472 
 
 Stough 472 
 
 Suburban Railway De- 
 pots 410 
 
 Suburban Railway Ser- 
 vice 440 
 
 Suburbs annexed 439 
 
 OUTLYING CHICAGO-Con. 
 
 Summerdale 472 
 
 Summit 472 
 
 Sycamore 473 
 
 Thatcher's Park 473 
 
 Thornton 473 
 
 Tolleston 473 
 
 Tracy 473 
 
 Transportation to Sub- 
 urbs 440 
 
 Tremont 473 
 
 Trevor 473 
 
 Turner 473 
 
 TJpwood 473 
 
 Warrenton 473 
 
 Washington Heights 473 
 
 Waukegan 473 
 
 Waukesha 473 
 
 Wayne 474 
 
 Wentworth 474 
 
 West Ridge ...*. 474 
 
 West Roseland (see 
 
 "Roseland") 474 
 
 Western Springs 474 
 
 Wheaton 474 
 
 Wheeling — 474 
 
 Whiting 474 
 
 Wild Wood 477 
 
 Willow Springs .477 
 
 Wilmette 477 
 
 Winfleld 477 
 
 Winnetka 477 
 
 Wo odlawn 477 
 
 Worth 477 
 
 PARK SYSTEM. 
 
 Access to Parks 67 
 
 Aldine Square 78 
 
 Area of Parks 68 
 
 Area of Public Squares . 68 
 
 Ashland Blvd 70 
 
 Campbell Park 79 
 
 Central Blvd 70 
 
 City Parks 78 
 
 Congress Park 79 
 
 Conservatories 68 
 
 Control of Parks 67 
 
 Conveyances to Parks. . . 67 
 
 Douglas Blvd 70 
 
 Douglas Monument 
 
 Square 78 
 
 Douglas Park 7u 
 
 Douglas Park Conserva- 
 tory 69 
 
 DrexelBlvd 71 
 
 Ellis Park 78 
 
 Gage Park 71 
 
 Garfield Blvd 71 
 
 Garfield Park 71 
 
 Garfield Park Conserva- 
 tory 69 
 
 Grand Blvd 71 
 
 Groveland Park 78 
 
 Humboldt Blvd 72 
 
 Humboldt Park 72 
 
 Humboldt Park Conser- 
 vatory 69 
 
 PARK SYSTEM-Continued. 
 
 Jackson Park 72 
 
 Jackson Blvd 73 
 
 Jefferson Park 78 
 
 Lake Front Park 78 
 
 Lake Park 78 
 
 Lake Shore Drive 73 
 
 Lincoln Park 74 
 
 Lincoln Park Conserva- 
 tory 6S 
 
 Lincoln Pk., Mon'ts in... 75 
 Lincoln Pi£. Palm-house 75 
 
 Michigan Ave. Blvd 75 
 
 Midway Plaisance .75 
 
 North and South side 
 
 Viaduct 76 
 
 North Side Parks 67 
 
 OakwoodBlvd 70 
 
 OgdenBlvd ... . 76 
 
 Park Com'rs, how Appt. 67 
 Parks under City Con- 
 trol 78 
 
 South Parks, The 69 
 
 South Side Parks 67 
 
 Thirty-fifth Blvd 76 
 
 Union Park 76 
 
 Vernon Park 78 
 
 Washington Blvd 76 
 
 Washington Park 77 
 
 Washington Park Con- 
 servatory 69 
 
 Washington Square 78 
 
 Western Ave. Blvd 77 
 
 W. Twelfth Street Blvd. 77 
 
 AVest Side Parks 67 
 
 West Side Park Improve- 
 ments 79 
 
 Wicker Park 78 
 
 WoodlawnPark 78 
 
 POLICE* DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Assistant Sup't 79 
 
 Bureau of Identification 80 
 
 Central Detail 80 
 
 Chief Inspector 80 
 
 Composition of Force ... 80 
 
 Cost of Maintenance 80 
 
 Detective Department. . 80 
 Div. Headq'rt'sand Prec *0 
 
 Divisions'Tnspectors 80 
 
 General Headquarters.. 81 
 
 How Conducted 79 
 
 Patrol System 81 
 
 Police Matrons 81 
 
 Policemen's Ben. Asso... 82 
 
 Rank and File 80 
 
 Rogues' Gallery 80 
 
 Secretary 80 
 
 Superintendent 79 
 
 POPULATION STATISTICS. 
 
 Americans in Chicago. .. 82 
 Bohemians in Chicago.. 82 
 Cook County Popula'n . . 84 
 
 English in Chicago 82 
 
 Foreign Born Residents 82 
 
XIV 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 POP. STATISTICS-Con. 
 
 French in Chicago . . . 82 
 Germans in Chicago — 82 
 
 Iristi in Chicago 82 
 
 Nationalities Repres'ntd 82 
 Norwegians in Chicago . 82 
 Population 1892 82 
 
 i Population lb90 82 
 
 Population by Divisions 83 
 
 ' Population by Town- 
 ships •. 83 
 
 Population by Wards. . . 83 
 Population of Cools Co.. 84 
 Population of Illinois. . . 84 
 Population Summary. . . 84 
 School Census Figures. . 82 
 
 Scotch in Chicago 82 
 
 Swedes in Chicago 82 
 
 U. S. Census Figures — 82 
 Weekly Gains 82 
 
 POST OFFICE. 
 
 Branch Offices 85 
 
 Business, Increase of . . .. 86 
 
 City Delivery 85 
 
 Employees of 85 
 
 Force Employed 85 
 
 Foreign Mails, Closing of 85 
 Gen. Office. Location of . 85 
 ; Inspector's Department 86 
 ' International Money 
 
 \ Order System . 87 
 
 Jurisdiction of Post 
 
 Master 85 
 
 Mail Matter, First-Class. 89- 
 Mail Matter, Fourth 
 
 Class 89 
 
 Mail Matter, Second 
 
 Class 89 
 
 Mail Matter, Third Class 89 
 
 Mail Train Service 87 
 
 Officers of the P. O 87 
 
 Outlying- Chicago P. O . . 87 
 Post Office Building. ... 88 
 
 ; Postal Notes 89 
 
 Railway Mail Service .... 89 
 
 Railway Post Offices 89 
 
 Rates of Postage 89 
 
 Receipts for 1891 90 
 
 Receipts of Post office.. 90 
 Registry Department. . . 90 
 
 Revenues of P. O 90 
 
 Salaries of Officers 90 
 
 Sub-Stations. 85 
 
 U. S. Money Order Svs- 
 tem 90 
 
 PUBLIC EDUCATION. 
 
 City and County Public 
 
 Schools 91 
 
 Compulsory Education.. 91 
 Cook Co. Normal School. 91 
 Est'd Expenditures, 1^92. 98 
 Expenditures of School 
 Board 92 
 
 PUBLIC EDUCATION-Con. 
 
 Manual Training in Pub- 
 lic Schools 92 
 
 Physical Culture in Pub- 
 lic Schools 93 
 
 Public School B'ldgs.... 94 
 Public Sch'ls, How Con- 
 ducted 90 
 
 Receipts of School B'r'd. 92 
 Revenue Public Schools. 95 
 Salaries School Emp.. 95-98 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARY. 
 
 A Cosmopolitan Collec- 
 tion 99 
 
 Administration of 99 
 
 Branch Delivery Sta- 
 tions 100 
 
 Cards of Membership. . .103 
 
 Character of Books It 
 
 Circulation of Books ...101 
 
 Condition of, 1892 101 
 
 Delivery Stations 100 
 
 Directors' Report, 1892. .101 
 
 Employes of 100 
 
 Librarian 102 
 
 Maintenance of 99 
 
 New Library Building. .102 
 
 Number of Volumes 102 
 
 Officers of 99 
 
 Percentage of Circula- , 
 
 tion 102 
 
 Present Location of 99 
 
 Reference Department..l03 
 
 Secretary 102 
 
 Visitors During 1891... 103 
 
 PULLMAN, GUIDE TO. 
 
 Accidents 319 
 
 Allen Paper Car Wheel 
 
 Works 319 
 
 Amusements 319 
 
 Arcade 319 
 
 Arcade Theater ... 319 
 
 Architecture 319 
 
 Art 319 
 
 Athletic Association. . . .319 
 
 Band (see "Music") 319 
 
 Bank 319 
 
 Birth Rate 319 
 
 Blacksmith Shops 3 9 
 
 Blocks 319 
 
 Brass Works (see ' 'Union 
 
 Foundry" 319 
 
 Brick Yards 319 
 
 Buildings 320 
 
 Business Houses 320 
 
 Calumet Mfg. Co 320 
 
 Calumet River 320 
 
 Cemeteries 320 
 
 Census 320 
 
 Chicago, Relation to 320 
 
 Children's Work 320 
 
 Churches 320 
 
 Columbia Screw Co — 321 
 
 Corliss Engine 320 
 
 Dairy Farm . 321 
 
 PULLMAN, GUIDE TO— Con. 
 
 Death Rate (see k Health')321 
 
 Depots 321 
 
 Doctors 321 
 
 Drainage 321 
 
 Diedging 321 
 
 Drop Forge Company . .321 
 
 Dry Kilns 321 
 
 Dwellings (see " Build- 
 ings") 321 
 
 Electric Lighting 521 
 
 Electro Plating 321 
 
 Engines oZl 
 
 Flats (see " Buildings ").321 
 
 Flora 32i 
 
 Fire Department.. . .321 
 
 Freight Car Shops 321 
 
 Foundry (see " Union 
 
 Foundry." 321 
 
 Fuel 321 
 
 Garbage 322 
 
 GasWorks 321 
 
 Geology 321 
 
 Glass 32 L 
 
 Green Houses 322 
 
 Halls 322 
 
 Hammer Shop 322 
 
 Health 322 
 
 Hennepin Canal 322 
 
 History 322 
 
 Hospitals 322 
 
 Hotels 322 
 
 Houses (see "Build- 
 ings") 322 
 
 House Drainage (see 
 
 " Drainage ") 322 
 
 Hydrants 322 
 
 Ice Houses 322 
 
 Industries 322 
 
 Insurance 322 
 
 Iron Machine Shop 322 
 
 Journals 322 
 
 Labor ; 323 
 
 Lake Calumet 322 
 
 Lake Michigan 322 
 
 Lake Vista 382 
 
 Land Association 323 
 
 Leases 323 
 
 Library 322 
 
 Living at Pullman 323 
 
 Lumber Yards 323 
 
 Machinery 323 
 
 Manufacturing 32:} 
 
 Market 32:5 
 
 Municipal 32:} 
 
 Music »«3 
 
 Nativity 323 
 
 Necrology (see 
 
 "Health") 323 
 
 Operatives (see "Work- 
 men ") 324 
 
 Organization . 324 
 
 Paint Works 324 
 
 Parks 324 
 
 Passenger Car Shops ...324 
 
 Pavements 324 
 
 Play Grounds 32 4 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 XV 
 
 PULLMAN, GUIDE TO— Con. 
 
 Police 324 
 
 Politics 324 
 
 Power 324 
 
 P Lillman Cars 324 
 
 Pullman City 324 
 
 Pullman Company (see 
 also "Pullman Palace 
 Car Company") . ...324 
 
 Pullman Farm 3;5 
 
 Pullman Iron and Steel 
 
 Works 325 
 
 Pullman Land Associ- 
 ation 325 
 
 Railroad 325 
 
 Rents 325 
 
 Hi ver Calumet 325 
 
 f ecret Societies 325 
 
 Sewers and Sewage 32 > 
 
 Schools 326 
 
 Sidewalks 325 
 
 Social Life 325 
 
 Stables 325 
 
 Steam Heating 325 
 
 Stores 326 
 
 Street Railroad 325 
 
 Streets 325 
 
 Suburban Trains 326 
 
 Suburbs 326 
 
 Tenants 326 
 
 Terra Cotta Lumber Co. 326 
 
 Theater 32; 
 
 Trees 326 
 
 Union Foundry and Car 
 
 Wheels Works. 326 
 
 Wages 326 
 
 Watchmen 326 
 
 Water 3 6 
 
 Water Tower 326 
 
 Water Works 326 
 
 Womea's Work 327 
 
 Workmen 327 
 
 RAILROADS AND WHERE 
 s THEY LEAD TO. 
 
 Atch son,Topeka& Santa 
 
 Fe 478 
 
 Baltimore &()hio 480. 
 
 Chicago & Alton 4*8 
 
 Chicago, Burlington & 
 
 Quincy 482 
 
 Chicago & Calumet Ter- 
 minal .490 
 
 Chicago Central 481 
 
 Chicago & Eastern 111.. .45)1 
 Chicago & Grand Trunk. 491 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & 
 
 St. Paul 484 
 
 Chicago & Northern Pa- 
 cific 492 
 
 Chicago & North-west- 
 ern 493 
 
 Chicago, Rock Island <.v 
 
 Pacific ... 486 
 
 Chicago, St. Paul & 
 Kansas City 487 
 
 RAILROADS— Continued. 
 
 Cleveland, Cinci nnati, 
 Chicago & St. Louis. . .497 
 
 Erie Lines 498 
 
 Grand Trunk 499 
 
 Illinois Central 500 
 
 Lake Shore & Michigan 
 
 Southern 503 
 
 Louisville, New Albany 
 
 Chicago 504 
 
 Michigan Central 504 
 
 New York Central 504 
 
 Northern Pacific 505 
 
 Pennsylvania Lines &07 
 
 Union Pacific 508 
 
 Wabash 510 
 
 Wisconsin Central Lines.511 
 
 REAL ESTATE AND BUILD- 
 INGS. 
 
 Building, Comparative. .104 
 Bldg. Operations, R>91. . .103 
 Bldg. Oper. since 1876 . .105 
 Building Permits, 1891. .104 
 
 Great Bldgs. of 1891 106 
 
 Growth of Chicago 105 
 
 Real Estate Market, '91. .105 
 Real Estate Transfers. . .105 
 School Bldgs. erect. '91.. 107 
 
 SHIP AND DRAINAGE CA- 
 NAL. 
 
 Changing the Water 
 
 Flow 107 
 
 Chicago Sanitary Dis- 
 trict, Map of 108 
 
 Cost of the Undertak'g.109 
 Disposing of the Chicago 
 
 Sewage 109 
 
 Drainage Commission. .107 
 Map of Sanitary Dis- 
 trict 108 
 
 Powers of Commission.. 107 
 Route of the Ship Canal. 109 
 Uncertainty as to Work 
 on 112 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Art Student's League. . . 
 
 Back Lot Societies of 
 Evanston 
 
 Bar Association.. 
 
 Bohemian Free Think- 
 ers 
 
 British American Asso. 
 
 Canadian Amer. League 
 
 Chicago Academy of 
 Sciences 
 
 Chicago Astronomical 
 Society 
 
 Chicago Democracy . . 
 
 Chicago Historical Soc'y 
 
 Chicago Law Club . . 
 
 Chicago Law Institute. 
 
 Chicago Orchestral 
 Union 
 
 Chicago Philatelic Soc'y 
 
 :.]:; 
 
 514 
 
 514 
 
 514 
 
 515 
 515 
 515 
 
 515 
 516 I 
 
 SOCIETIES— Continued. 
 
 Chicago Soc'y of Deco- 
 rative Art 516 
 
 Chicago Turngemeinde.516 
 
 Columbian Asso 516 
 
 Cymrodorian Soc'y 517 
 
 Dania Soc'y 517 
 
 Deutscher Krieger 
 
 Verein 517 
 
 Garibaldi Legion 517 
 
 Gei-mania Soc'y of Chi.. 518 
 German Mutual Benefit 
 
 Association 518 
 
 Girl's Friendly Soc'y. . . .51s 
 
 Horticultural Soc'y 518 
 
 Illinois Humane Soc'y. .518 
 Illinois Soc, Sons of the 
 
 American Re volution. 51 9 
 Hi. State Bd.of Charities .519 
 Irish Catholic Coloniza- 
 tion Ass'n 520 
 
 Irish Nat. Burial Ass . . 520 
 Luxemburg Unterstuet- 
 
 zungs Verein 520 
 
 Medical Societies 520 
 
 Moral Education '1 Soc'y 520 
 
 Naval Vet. Ass'n 520 
 
 N. W. Associ'n of Horse 
 
 Breeders 520 
 
 N. W. Trav. Men's Ass. .521 
 
 Ogontz Association 521 
 
 Personal Rights League 521 
 Philosophical Society. . .522 
 Physical Culture and 
 
 Correct Dress 232 
 
 Plat Deutsch Verein 52 
 
 Reform. Societies . . . 522 
 Ridgeway Ornithologi- 
 cal Club 523 
 
 Secret Societies 52:5 
 
 Singing Societies 523 
 
 Societa Christoforo Col- 
 
 umbo 523 
 
 Societa Francaisc D e 
 
 Secours Mutual 523 
 
 Societa itiliana (Jnione 
 
 e Fratellanza 523 
 
 Society for Ethical Cul- 
 ture 523 
 
 Soldiers' Home Asso 523 
 South End Flower Mis- 
 sion 5 3 
 
 St. Andrew's Society — 523 
 State Microscopical So- 
 ciety ...524 
 
 State Council Catholic 
 
 Benevolent Legion 524 
 
 St. Vincent De Paul So- 
 cieties 5 "4 
 
 Temperance Societies. . .524 
 
 Turners' Societies 524 
 
 Ty pothetae, The 524 
 
 Union Veteran League. .524 
 Unione e Fratellanza .... 524 
 Union Veteran Legion.. 525 
 Unfted Commercial 
 Travelers of America. 525 
 
XVI 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 SOCIETIES-Continued. 
 
 Western Amateur Press 
 
 Asso 525 
 
 Western Society. Array 
 
 of the Potomac 525 
 
 Woman's Press Asso 525 
 
 Woman's Alliance 526 
 
 Woman's Exchange 526 
 
 SPECIAL REFERENCE. 
 
 Andrews, A. H. & Co. . .626 
 Blatchford, E. W. & Co. 624 
 Carpenter, Geo. B. &Co 626 
 Chicago Rawhide Mfg. 
 
 Co. The 625 
 
 Curry Charles 628 
 
 Dodge Mf g . Co . The .... 620 
 Douglas' Instantaneous 
 
 Water Heater 629 
 
 Electro-Ozone Machine 
 
 The 629 
 
 Ely, The Edward Co. . . .622 
 
 Fowler, E.S.&W.S 623 
 
 Gregg Electric Cure Co. 630 
 Gormully & Jeffery Mfg. 
 
 Co 621 
 
 Henry Dibblee Co 621 
 
 Jrwin Green & Co 623 
 
 James, Fred S. & Co ...623 
 Jenkins, Kreer & Co . . .(527 
 Kaestner, Chas. & Co . .627 
 Marine Engine Works ..621 
 McDonald, Charles.. . 628 
 New York Mutual Life 
 
 Insurance Co 631 
 
 Northwestern Masonic 
 
 Aid Asso 632 
 
 Northern Assurance Co. 
 
 of London 631 
 
 Pettibone, Mulliken & 
 
 Co 624 
 
 Phenix Lumber Co. Mil- 
 waukee 531 
 
 Plankinton Hotel, Mil- 
 waukee 531 
 
 Rice & Whitacre Mfg. 
 
 Co 622 
 
 Richardson M.A. Jr. & 
 
 Co 625 
 
 Ritchie, W. C. & Co 628 
 
 Sawyer-Goodman Co 624 
 
 Sweet Wallach & Co ... .626 
 Victor Colliau's Hot 
 
 Blast Cupola, Detroit. 529 
 Vierling, McDowell & 
 
 Co 626 
 
 Warner Bros. Corset 
 
 Mfgs 625 
 
 Western Wheel Works. .623 
 
 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Illinois Asylum for Fee- 
 ble Minded Child'n . . . 526 
 
 Illinois Central Hospital 
 for the Insane 526 
 
 Illinois Charitable Eye 
 and Ear Infirmary ... .526 
 
 STATE INSTITUTIONS -Con. 
 
 Illinois Hospital for the 
 Insane 526 
 
 Ihinois Institution for 
 the Education of the 
 Blind 526 
 
 Illinois Institution for 
 the Education of the 
 Deaf and Dumb 526 
 
 Illinois Northern Hospi- 
 tal for the Insane 527 
 
 Illinois Soldiers' and 
 Sailors' Home — 527 
 
 Illinois Soldier s' 
 Orphans' Home 527 
 
 Illinois Southern Hospi- 
 tal for the Insane 527 
 
 Illinois Southern Peni- 
 tentiary 527 
 
 Illinois State Peniten'y .527 
 
 Illinois State Reform 
 School 528 
 
 TRIBUTARY CITIES AND 
 TOWNS. 
 
 Cincinnati 528 
 
 Cleveland 528 
 
 Columbus 528 
 
 Council Bluffs 528 
 
 Des Moines 528 
 
 Detroit 529 
 
 Galena 529 
 
 Galesburg P29 
 
 Indianapolis 529 
 
 J»ckson 529 
 
 Jacksonville. 530 
 
 Kansas City 530 
 
 Keokuk 530 
 
 Leavenworth 530 
 
 Lincoln 530 
 
 Louisville . . 53' > 
 
 Milwaukee 530 
 
 Minneapolis 531 
 
 Omaha 531 
 
 Quincy 532 
 
 Springfield 532 
 
 St. Joseph 532 
 
 St. Louis 532 
 
 St. Paul 532 
 
 Tributary Cities 533 
 
 Tributary Towns in Sur- 
 rounding States 533 
 
 Tributary Towns, Popu- 
 lation of 533 
 
 UNION STOCK YARDS. 
 
 Area covered by 329 
 
 Armour's Great Busi- 
 ness 336 
 
 "Big Four " The 335 
 
 Capacity of 330 
 
 Classification of Cattle.. 333 
 Clay, Robinson & Co. . . .336 
 Currency and Weights . . 332 
 Disposing of receipts. . . 333 
 Dressed Beef Business . .334 
 Exchange, The 335 
 
 UNION STOCK YARDS— Con. 
 
 How Live Stock is Rec'd. 331 
 
 Location of 329 
 
 Method of Buying and . .332 
 
 Selling 332 
 
 Packing Companies ... 335 
 Rules and Regulations.. 331 
 Sights in Packingtown . 337 
 Slaughtering the Cattle .334 
 Union Stock Yards Com. 329 
 
 Wood Bros 336 
 
 Yardage Charges, etc — 332 
 
 WATER TRANSPORTATION. 
 -LAKE. 
 
 Goodrich Line 534 
 
 Goodrich Line, Steam- 
 ships of 534 
 
 Goodrich Line, Descrip- 
 tion of the ''Virginia ..534 
 
 Graham & Morton Trans- 
 portation Co 533 
 
 Lake M. & Lake S. Trans. 
 Co 535 
 
 WATER WORKS. 
 
 Central Pumping Works.112 
 Description of Water- 
 works System 112 
 
 Expenditure since 1861 . . 113 
 How to reach Pumping 
 
 Station 12 
 
 How to reach Crib 112 
 
 Location of Pumping 
 
 Stations 112 
 
 New Water Tunnels 114 
 
 Source of Water Supply.114 
 Suburban Water Supply.ll j 
 Temperature of Lake 
 
 Water 114 
 
 Total Cost of Water 
 
 Works to 1892 113 
 
 Water Supply of Envi- 
 rons 115 
 
 Water Towers 1*14 
 
 WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EX- 
 POSITION. 
 
 Act of Congress author- 
 izing World's Fair — 555 
 
 Administration.. .. 537 
 
 Administration Build- 
 ing-, Progress of 551 
 
 Agr't'l Bldg., Prog- 
 ress of 551 
 
 Appropriations of For- 
 eign Countries 546 
 
 Art Galleries, Progress 
 Of 551 
 
 Board of Architects 540 
 
 Board of Control and 
 Management < > f 1 ' . S 
 Government Exhibit.. 540 
 
 Board of Lady Mana- 
 gers 641 
 
 Board of Reference and 
 Control 538 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 XV11 
 
 WORLD'S COL. EX. -Con. 
 
 Building Outlook 189J..551 
 Chicago Stock Subscrip- 
 
 ti m 550 
 
 Chiefs of Departments.. 539 
 
 Commissioners t38 
 
 Co mmittees 538 
 
 Com. of the Directory of 
 the World's Col. Ex. 
 
 on word's Cong's 544 
 
 Congresses 544 
 
 Dairy Building, Pro- 
 gress of 552 
 
 Dedicatory Ceremonies.554 
 
 Director General 539 
 
 Dutiable Articles Ex- 
 hibited 556 
 
 Electric Lighting.. 552 
 
 Eleetricty Building, 
 
 Progress of 551 
 
 Entrance Pee 554 
 
 Estimated Value of Sal- 
 vage 550 
 
 Executive Department . 539 
 
 Exhibits 554 
 
 Expenditures to Date . .549 
 Exposition Bldgs., An- 
 nexes, etc 549 
 
 Expo ition Bldgs., Area 
 
 Covered 548 
 
 Exposition Bldgs., Cost. 
 
 of 548 
 
 Exposition Bldgs., Di- 
 mensions of 548 
 
 Exposition Bldgs., Ex- 
 penditures 549 
 
 Financial Ability of Ex- 
 position Company . . . 550 
 
 Financial Resources 550 
 
 Fisheries Bldg., Progress 
 
 of 551 
 
 Foreign Participation . .546 
 Forestry Bldg., Progress 
 of 351 
 
 WORLD'S COL. EX.— Con. 
 
 Geenral Information . . .554 
 
 General Review 546 
 
 Government Aid and 
 
 recognition 547 
 
 Government Exhibits. . .556 
 Hand-Book of the Expo- 
 sition 559 
 
 Headquarters 559 
 
 Hotel Accommodation.. 554 
 Horticultural Building, 
 
 Progress of 551 
 
 Illinois Bldg, Progress of 552 
 Int. earned on deposits . .550 
 Jackson Pk., Prep, at . . .554 
 Jackson Park and Mid- 
 way Piaisance 554 
 
 Lighting the Buildings 
 
 and Grounds 552 
 
 Lo.al Board 538 
 
 Local Bd. of Directors .539 
 
 Local Bd. Corn's 538 
 
 MachinervHall, Prog.of 551 
 Manufactures and Lib- 
 eral Arts Building, 
 Progress of . . . . . . — 551 
 
 Material Used in Con- 
 struction of Buildings.552 
 
 Medical Bureau 540 
 
 Mines Bldg., Progress of .551 
 Nations Responding .. 546 
 
 Naval Review . . .553 
 
 Officers of Local Board. F.38 
 Organization of Expo . . .557 
 Origin of World's Fair 
 
 Movement 555 
 
 Power of Commission. . .556 
 Precautions against Fire552 
 
 Preliminary Work 555 
 
 Pres. Proclamation 556 
 
 Pres. Proclamation,Text 
 
 of 557 
 
 Progress of Construct'n.551 
 Prospective Gate Rec'ts.550 
 
 WORLD'S COL. EX.-Con 
 
 Prospective Receipts 
 from Concessions and 
 
 Privileges 650 
 
 Restaurants & Cafes ... 664 
 Sewerage Arrange- 
 ments 552 
 
 Site of the Exposition . 558 
 
 Special Attractions 558 
 
 Special Exposition Fea- 
 tures 554 
 
 State and Territorial Aid 
 
 and Recognition 547 
 
 Stock Subscriptions 550 
 
 Total cost of Exposi- 
 tion 549 
 
 Transportation 552 
 
 Transportation Bldg . , 
 
 Progress of 551 
 
 Transportation, In- 
 crease of 559 
 
 U.S Government Bldg 552 
 
 Water Supply 552 
 
 Woman's Branch of the 
 World's Congress Aux- 
 iliary 545 
 
 Woman's Build'g, Prog- 
 ress of 551 
 
 Women's Work 553 
 
 Worlds Columbian Com- 
 mission 537 
 
 World's Congress, 
 
 Arrangements for. . .553 
 World's Congress Aux- 
 iliary 541 
 
 World's Congre-s Aux- 
 iliary, Topic to be Dis- 
 cussed 558 
 
 World's Congresses Pro- 
 posed 544 
 
 World's Congress De- 
 partments 541 
 
The publishers desire to state that no "paid" matter of any description what- 
 ever appears in the body of this work. Commercial houses, corporations, private 
 interests and individuals are referred to only because a Guide to Chicago would not 
 be complete were mention of them omitted. These references are made not on!, j 
 without previous arrangement, but in nearly every instance without the knowledge 
 of the houses, corporations or persons referred to. The sole aim of the publishers has 
 been to make a perfect hand-book. Such "paid " matter as appears in this volume 
 is printed plainly as advertising. 
 
 THE FRONTISPIECE. 
 The Frontispiece in this edition of THE STANDARD GUIDE is taken 
 from the Great Oil Painting presented to Chicago by the Contributors to the Fin 
 Relief Fund in London, England, after the great fire of 187 1. There was a 
 surplus left offer Chicago had received all the aid deemed necessary, and this was 
 ttxed to pay for the painting of the picture. It hongs in the rooms of the Historical 
 Society. Though severely criticised as a Work of Art, it will become yearly moi'6 
 valuable as a Historical Souvenir. 
 

 
 
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 ^2 B 
 
CHICAGO 
 
 Not in the Arabian Nights' Entertainments, though bathed in all the 
 glorious colorings of Oriental fancy, is there a tale which surpasses in won- 
 der the plain, unvarnished history of Chicago. And it is probable that even 
 the elastic credulity of childhood, which from generation to generation has 
 accepted, without question, the impossible adventures of Aladdin, Ali Baba 
 and Sinbad the Sailor, would be sorely strained if confronted with the story 
 which the most prosaic historian of this remarkable city is called upon to 
 tell. 
 
 Chicago is one of the wonders of modern times. Her progress amazes 
 mankind. There is not on record an achievement of human intellect, skill 
 and industry that will bear comparison with the transformation of a dismal 
 swamp, in the midst of a trackless desert, within the span of a human life, 
 into one of the mightiest and grandest cities on the globe. 
 
 The aim of this volume is to present to the reader the results attained by 
 the people of Chicago in government, art, science, culture, commerce and 
 general advancement. To do this within the limits of a pocket compendium 
 has required exacting labor and the exercise of all the skill which the com- 
 piler could command. 
 
 Neither Baedeker's nor Gallignani's celebrated guides, which European 
 •ravelers find indispensable, are the results of a year's or of ten years' labor. 
 It has required a quarter of a century or more, and frequent alterations and 
 "evisions, to bring them up to their present degree of excellence. It requires 
 'ime to perfect a volume of this character, particularly when it pretends to 
 '»»over faithfully a city like Chicago, where changes of magnitude are con- 
 stantly occurring, and where it demands all the watchfulness, energy and 
 enterprise of the editors of our great daily newspapers to keep up with the 
 rapidly-moving and never-halting procession of events. 
 
 I do not claim for " The Standard Guide " any more or less than that it 
 is a faithful compilation. I have sought material everywhere, and have taken 
 the liberty of using all the facts and information that have fallen under my 
 eye. 
 
 17 
 
18 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 I take advantage of this opportunity to cheerfully and publicly place on 
 record my obligations to the reporters of the city press, -whose work has 
 made it possible for me to collect within the covers of this volume much of 
 the information it contains. 
 
 This book, I believe, will prove to be one of the most useful ever issued in 
 Chicago, both as a guide and an encyclopedia, and valuable alike to the resi- 
 dent and the stranger. My aim has been to place this city, so much misrepre- 
 sented of late, in a proper light before the World— to convince the people of 
 all countries that Chicago is not merely a big, bustling, uncultivated Western 
 town, but a great Modern Metropolis, whose people are blessed with all the 
 advantages and surrounded with all the elevating and refining influences 
 enjoyed by the residents of cities ten times her age. This volume will be 
 read extensively throughout America and Europe, and I believe it will con- 
 tribute in no small degree toward removing the erroneous impressions con- 
 cerning Chicago and her people which have found a lodgment abroad. 
 
 The printing and binding of this book were placed in the hands of Messrs. 
 Donohue & Henneberry, who have performed their work in a most creditable 
 manner. The photographic views from which the half-tone engravings were 
 taken, were furnished by Mr. J. W. Taylor ; the photogravures were made by 
 Vandercook & Co. 
 
 The Standard Guide to Chicago will be revised and issued annually. 
 
 John J. Flinn. 
 
 Chicago, 1891. 
 
 The above appeared as the preface to the Standard Guide to Chicago for 
 891. I have nothing to add to it except this : That the sale of the work 
 justifies me as its compiler in pronouncing it a success. It seems to have met a 
 want and filled it. For this I am grateful, and as an earnest of my gratitude, I 
 have attempted to make this, the revised edition, still more worthy of public 
 patronage. 
 
 John J. Flinn. 
 
 Chicago, 1892. 
 
 PUBLISHERS' NOTICE. 
 
 In this volume the World's Columbian Exposition is treated merely as an 
 incident to Chicago. We publish a "Hand-Book of The World's Colum- 
 bian Exposition," which will, we are satisfied, be accepted by the public as a 
 c >mplete compendium of information concerning the World's Fair. It has 
 been carefully compiled from official sources, by Mr. Jolm J. Flinn. 
 
 The Standard Guide Company. 
 
THE MARVELOUS CITY. 
 
 A BUSINESS VIEW 
 
 Population of Chicago, 1837 - - - - - 4,1 70 
 
 Population of Chicago, 1890 (U, S. Census) - - l,09S,o70 
 
 Population of Chicago, 1890 (School Census) - - 1,208,669 
 
 Population of Chicago, 1892 (Estimated) 1,800,000 
 
 Area of Chicago in Square Miles, 1837 - - 10.70 
 
 Area of Chicago in Square Miles, 1892 - 181,70 
 
 Length of Chicago, Lineal Miles, 1892 - 24 
 
 Width of Chicago, Lineal Miles, 1892 - 10 
 
 Buildings erected in Chicago since 1 870 - - 67,868 
 
 Cost of buildings erected since 1876 - $309,309,379.00 
 
 Frontage of buildings erected since 1870, miles - - 286 
 
 Buildings erected in Chicago in 1891 - - - 11,626 
 
 Cost of buildings erected in 1891 ... - $54,010,500.00 
 
 Frontage of buildings erected in 1891, miles - - 53 
 
 Bank Clearings of Chicago, I860 - - - $453,798,648.11 
 
 Bank Clearings of Chicago, 1891 - - - $4,456,885,230.00 
 
 Commerce of Chicago, 1850 - $20,000,000.00 
 
 Commerce of Chicago, 1891 - $1,459,000,000.00 
 
 Capital of Chicago National Banks, 1891 - - $21,241,680.00 
 
 Surplus and Profits of Chicago National Banks, 1891 - $12,495,143.00 
 
 Value of Meat Products for 1891 - - - S 133,800,000.00 
 
 Receipts of Hogs for 1891 - - 8,600,865 
 
 Receipts of Cattle for 1891 - 3.250,000 
 
 Wholesale Business of Chicago, 1891 8517,166,000.00 
 
 Manufactured Products of Chicago, 1891 - - 8567.012,300.00 
 
 Wages paid Employes of Manufactories for 1891 SI 04.904,000.00 
 
 Capital Employed in Manufacturing, 1891 - $210,302,000.00 
 
THE MARVELOUS CITY. 
 
 ANOTHER VIEW. 
 
 Investment in Public Schools to Date - - - $58,000,000.00 
 
 Pupils Attending Public Schools - - - - 146, 7£1 
 
 Teachers in Chicago Public Schools - - - - 3,259 
 
 Cost of Maintaining Public Schools, 1891 - - - $5,013,435.86 
 
 Academies and Seminaries in Chicago .... 350 
 
 Universities in Chicago ...... 4. 
 
 Private Schools in Chicago - 800 
 
 Pupils Attending Seminaries, Private Schools, etc. - - - 70,000 
 
 Teachers in Academies, Seminaries, etc. - - - . 12,000 
 
 Enrollment at Night Schools, 1891 - 12,000 
 
 Cost of Night Schools, 1891 - $95,361.84 
 
 Whole number of Public Schools - 192 
 
 Estimated Cost Public Schools, 1892 - - - $6,000,000.00 
 
 Number of Children of School Age in Chicago - - 289,433 
 
 Number of Books taken from Public Library, per am urn - 1,290,514 
 
 Number of Volumes in Public Library - - - 166,475 
 
 Number of Volumes in other Libraries .... 3,000,000 
 
 Number of Visitors to Public Library Reading Room, 1891 - 492,837 
 
 Reference Books Issued, 1891 - 326 619 
 
 Visitors to Art Institute, 1891 ..... 75 qqq 
 
 Number of Daily Newspapers in Chicago - 30 
 
 Number of Weekly Newspapers ..... 305 
 
 Total Number of Periodical Publications - - - . 611 
 
 Productions of Bound Books in Chicago, 1891 - - 9,000,000 
 
 Hospitals in Chicago ...... 30 
 
 Charitable Asylums in Chicago ----- 50 
 
 Amount Expended in Public Charities Annually - - $5,000,000.00 
 
 Amount Contributed Toward Private Charities Annually - $3,000,000.00 
 Number of Churches in Chicago - - - - . 575 
 
 Number of Literary Organizations ----- 725 
 
 Number of Gentlemen's Family Clubs - 89 
 
 Area of Public Parks, Acres - - - . . - 1 9 74 
 
PART I. 
 
 CHICAGO AS IT WAS. 
 
 In order that the visitor may thoroughly appreciate the magnitude and 
 splendor of the Chicago of the present, perhaps it would be well enough to 
 take a glance at the Chicago of the past. The history of the city is as brief 
 as it is wonderful. One hundred years ago the ground which it covers was 
 a pathless wilderness — an almost impenetrable mcrass; a swamp, out of 
 which sprang a dense growth of wild and tangled grasses, with here and 
 there a mound or a ridge covered with wild reeds, or oak and maple trees, 
 stunted in their growth but luxuriant in their foliage. 
 
 Since 1673, when Joliet and Marquette, induced by the marvelous tales 
 told them by the Indians regarding the Big Water that laid toward the 
 north, gazed upon Lake Illinois (the name which Lake Michigan bore for 
 many years), and discovered the portage of the Chicago, or Checagow, as the 
 natives pronounced it, a number of French explorers and missionaries from 
 the South and Canadian voyageurs from the North had visited the spot upon 
 which Fort Dearborn was afterward erected by the United States govern- 
 ment, then in its infancy. Louis Joliet was the agent of Count Frontenac, 
 the Governor of " New France " — afterward Louisiana; and Father Jacques 
 Marquette was a priest of the Society of Jesus, full of zeal for his religion 
 and bent upon the salvation of the savage. Some writers maintain that La 
 Salle preceded Marquette, but the doubt as to this is decidedly in favor of the 
 Jesuit priest. It was Joliet, however, who first made the outside world 
 acquainted with the fact that such a stream as the Chicago river existed, by 
 giving it a place in a roughly-drawn map which accompanied his report to 
 the French governor. Marquette did not long survive his arrival at Chicago 
 Portage. He died of a fever contracted in the malarial swamp during the 
 year 1675, after having established his religion among the Indians. His 
 successor was Father Claude Allouez, who, during his mission to the Illi- 
 nois, made several trips to this section. 
 
 The Indians had given the name which this city bears to the river. To 
 them it was Eschikagow or Checagow. There are various stories regarding 
 its origin. It is known that a chief of the tribe of Illinois was named " Che- 
 cagow " and that he was sent to France in 1725 and had " the distinguished 
 honor of being introduced in Paris to the Company of the Indies," but the 
 
 31 
 
22 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 river was called Eschikagow or " Checagow " long before this. The word 
 " Checagow" in the language of the Illinois meant " Onion;" in the language 
 of the Pottawatomies it signified " pole cat." The probabilities are that the 
 stream received its name from the " Onion," that vegetable having been 
 found in great profusion along its banks by the early explorers. 
 
 La Salle in 1678 secured a patent of nobility from the French monarch 
 and a grant of seignority for Fort Frontenac on Lake Ontario. He then 
 undertook the task of Western exploration, and visited the Mississippi and 
 Illinois rivers in furtherance of his object. In his company were three 
 Flemish friars, and of these Fathers Membre and Ribourde became the 
 immediate successors of Marquette and Allouez in the Illinois mission. For 
 nearly a hundred years we read of a succession of missions, of the occa- 
 sional arrival of an emissary of the French government, of the establishment 
 of trading posts here and elsewhere along the shore of Lake Michigan, but 
 nothing in the nature of a permanent settlement is mentioned, and it is plain 
 that no idea of the foundation of a city at or near the Chicago Portage ever 
 entered the minds of the few adventurous spirits who found their way hither. 
 
 The first settler of Chicago was a fugitive San Domingoan slave named 
 Point De Sable. How he found his way from his master's plantations to the 
 French settlements of Louisiana and afterward into the jungles of the North- 
 west is unknown, but that he was settled in a cabin at the mouth of the Chi- 
 cago river and was leading the life of a trapper here in 1779 is a settled fact. 
 Attention is called to his existence by the British Commander of Fort Mich- 
 ilimacinac in a letter written on the 4th of July of the year mentioned, who 
 speaks of him as " Baptiste Point De Sable, a handsome negro, and settled at 
 Eschikagow, but much in the French interest." This negro became quite 
 prominent as a fur trader, and others who sought to obtain a share of the prof- 
 its obtained through barter with the Indians soon gathered around him. 
 Quite a settlement of these trappers and traders sprang up at the mouth of 
 the river. One of them, a Frenchman named Le Mai, bought De Sable out. 
 The latter died shortly afterward at Peoria. Le Mai put new life into the 
 business and caused several improvements to be made in the settlement. 
 The point continued to grow in importance as a trading post, and Le Mai 
 became quite a prosperous if not a wealthy man. He continued in busi- 
 ness here until 1804. 
 
 The result of the Anglo-French colonial war, in which George Wash- 
 ington under General Braddock first achieved military distinction, was to 
 deprive France of all territory lying upon the great lakes and east of the 
 Mississippi, and without having any knowledge of the fact, for the scene of 
 operation was far away and means of communication were few, the settle- 
 ment of Chicago Portage passed under the protection of the British flag 
 Concerning this period, Flinn, in his history of Chicago, says: "In all the 
 
CHICAGO AS IT WAS. 23 
 
 subsequent events, the session of Louisiana to Spain, the insurrection of the 
 Indians under the great Pontiac, and, sparred on by the French traders, 
 the attempt of the Illinois Chief Chicago to drive back the English; the 
 English attempt to prevent settlements beyond the Ohio river; the annexa- 
 tion of the Northwest to Canada; the preparation for a colonial revolt against 
 King George — through all these events Chicago Portage slumbered obliv- 
 iously in her desolate neck of the woods, as blissfully ignorant of the world 
 as the world could possibly be of her." 
 
 While negotiations for the purchase of Louisiana by the United States 
 government were in progress the project of building a fort — a sort of an out- 
 post of civilization — at the southern extremity of Lake Michigan, was being 
 entertained by Congress. From the close of the Revolution it had been remem- 
 bered that British influence among the warriors who overran the West, and 
 who could be counted in bands of thousands along the upper lakes, was gain- 
 ing headway, and it became necessary with the acquisition of the new terri- 
 tory that the United States government should make some demonstration of 
 its strength in order to counteract the pernicious effects of England's tactics. 
 The Indians could be made very troublesome to us by the artifices of a nation 
 that was secretly, if not openly, still an enemy of the republic. Hence the 
 proposition to build a fort. 
 
 The mouth of the St. Joseph river on the east bank of the lake was first 
 proposed as the proper site for the outpost, but the friendly Indians were 
 hostile to the measure, withheld their consent to its construction, and the 
 government commissioners, in the interest of peace, decided to select another 
 location. 
 
 Across the lake from St. Joseph was the Chicago Portage, where 
 a piece of territory six miles square had been ceded to the government 
 by the Indians. The mere fact that the government was the owner of 
 these six miles square appears to have been the most potent influence brought 
 to bear upon the commissioners. Beyond the fact that the government owned 
 this little piece of land in the wilderness, there was no particular reason why 
 the fort should be located here, except that the Chicago river emptied into 
 the lake at this point, and from the Chicago communication could be had by 
 water with the interior. The undertaking was considered at the time a bold 
 one, as the post would be far removed from the borders of civilization, and 
 the safety of its defenders would depend in great measure upon the friend- 
 ship of the Illinois and Pottawatomie Indians. An order for the construc- 
 tion of the works was issued by the War Department in 1803. There were no 
 American military outposts nearer than Detroit and Michilimacinac at this 
 time. A company of United States soldiers was stationed at the latter place, 
 under command of Capt. John Whistler, an officer of the Revolution, and 
 to him was intrusted the work of establishing the new fort. Two young 
 
24 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 lieutenants, William Whistler, the Captain's son, and James S. Swearington 
 from Chillicothe, Ohio, assisted him in command. To the latter he gave in 
 charge the difficult and dangerous task of conducting the soldiers through the 
 forests of Michigan to Chicago, while with his wife, his son and his son's 
 wife — a young bride — he embarked on the United States schooner "Tracy ' 
 for the same destination. 
 
 The schooner arrived in front of the settlement on July 4, 1803. The 
 mouth of the river was choked with sand, driftwood and weeds. On the 
 sand bar the schooner discharged her cargo of ammunition, arms and 
 provisions into small boats which were rowed into the river, and landed all 
 the spot where the fort was to be erected. There were at this point three 
 rude huts occupied by French fur traders with their Indian wives and broods 
 of half-breed children. But the news of the projected work had been noised 
 around the country, and nearly 2,000 Indians were present to witness the 
 debarkation. In the presence of these natives the United States flag was 
 planted on a spot made venerable with the memories of 130 years of transient 
 French occupation. The fort was not completed until the following year. 
 It occupied, according to Eastman, "one of the most beautiful sites or 
 the lake shore. It was as high as any other point, overlooking the sur 
 face of the lake, commanding as well as any other view on this flat 
 surface could, the prairie extending north to the belt of timber along the 
 south branch and on the north side, and the white sand hills both to the 
 north and south, which had for ages past been the sport of the lake winds.' 
 Around the fort, little by little, began to gather the wild and 
 restless adventurers who blazed the path of civilization through the 
 trackless forests. Now and then hunters "dropped in," liked thf 
 place and stayed. Little by little the three log huts which the schooner 
 "Tracy" had found here became surrounded by a little village of similar 
 huts, but their occupants, instead of being French traders with squaw wives 
 were more closely allied by race and disposition to the soldiers within the. 
 palisades. There were Indians about in great numbers, but they werf: 
 friendly and manageable as a rule. The post continued to be entirely isolated 
 from the rest of the Caucasian race on the continent, and save for an occa 
 sional visit from a supply schooner, its little garrison might well have been 
 impressed with the belief that all the world had forgotten them. 
 
 The war between the United States and England in 1812, was the cause 
 of that important event in the history of Chicago, the massacre of Fort Dear- 
 born. The French settlers previous to this time had been driven out of Illi- 
 nois by the English, and the latter had worked their way steadily into the 
 confidence and affections of the Indians. They had been taught by English 
 agents and emissaries that the Americans were attempting to rob them of 
 their hunting grounds and led to believe that if they would join their fortunes 
 
CHICAGO AS IT WAS. 25 
 
 with the British the Americans would be driven out of the country. The 
 Shawnees, a powerful western tribe, had been thoroughly blinded by the 
 English and had given themselves over bodily to the enemy, with the great 
 chief Tecumseh at their head. This chieftain was as eloquent as he was brave. 
 He talked to the friendly Pottawatomie chief s, worked upon their credulity 
 and gained their adhesion to the English cause. Several of them had fought 
 by his side at Tippecanoe the year before, and it is stated, on good authority, 
 that Tecumseh contemplated the destruction of Fort Dearborn even then, 
 and would have carried his design into execution were it not for the defeat 
 he suffered in that memorable engagement. 
 
 He was an energetic man, and he wandered through the wilderness 
 constantly in search of new allies to assist him in driving the white settlers 
 east of the Ohio river. He succeeded in forming an alliance of this charac- 
 ter with the Winnebagoes of Rock River. 
 
 The officers who were originally in command of Fort Dearborn were 
 replaced in 1811 by Capt. Heald, Lieut. Helm, Ensign George Ronan and 
 Surgeon Van Voorhees. The garrison, at the time, contained sixty-six 
 soldiers. John Kinzie, the first "prominent citizen," was living with his 
 family close to the fort. There were a few straggling farm-houses along the 
 river. Inside the palisades dwelt the wives of Capt. Heald and Sergeant 
 Holt, and three other women, the wife of a French trader named Ouilmette, 
 a Mrs. Boriou, her sister, and Mrs. Corbin, the wife of a soldier. The Kinzie, 
 Burns and "White families were the most prominent in the settlement. 
 
 Everybody acquainted with American history will recall readily the disas- 
 trous defeats and humiliations which befell our armies in the Northwestduring 
 the early months of the War of 1812. Fort Michilimacinac, Mich., the nearest 
 post to Fort Dearborn , had fallen . Finally the garrison at Detroit, together with 
 the town and the entire territory of Michigan, fell into the hands of the Brit- 
 ish. General Hull, who was in command, was tried by court martial and 
 sentenced to be hanged, a sentence never executed, however, for it developed 
 to the satisfaction of the government and the country shortly afterward 
 that the War Department, which had been inefficiently conducted, was 
 really responsible for the disaster. Some days before surrendering he had 
 the forethought and the manliness to acquaint Captain Heald, commander of 
 Fort Dearborn, with the situation, to warn him of the impending danger and 
 to urge him and the little garrison to evacuate the fort and retreat to Fort 
 Wayne. This was the first intimation Fort Dearborn had received of the 
 declaration of war with England and the unfortunate disasters which had 
 followed. The news created consternation and confusion bordering upon 
 panic. To make matters worse, there was anything but harmony existing 
 between Heald and his subordinates The latter decided upon evacuation 
 without consulting with his officers, in spite of the opposition of Kinzie, 
 
26 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 who was powerful among the settlers, and against the advice of Winne- 
 mac, the friendly chief, who had brought the tidings from Hull. The 
 latter had suggested, or ordered, that the supplies contained in the fort 
 be distributed among the Indians. When arguments failed, and Kinzie 
 found that Heald could not be turned from his purpose, he begged the 
 commander to evacuate at once, before news of the American defeats and the 
 peril of their position became noised among the tribes. Heald, however, 
 obstinately insisted upon postponing the move till he could summon all the 
 Indians, in order to divide the supplies among them. Winnemac saw clearly 
 the danger of this course, and advised that the fort be abandoned without 
 delay, with everything left as it was; so that while the Indians were ransack- 
 ing the place, and gorging themselves with the provisions, the garrison might 
 safely escape. He knew that the savages had become generally hostile. 
 Further appeals to Heald from officers and settlers proved to be of no avail. 
 On August 12th, a council of Pottawatomies was assembled and called to 
 order by Captain Heald, in the presence of Mr. Kinzie, who accompanied him 
 to the place of meeting outside the palisades. This council passed off peace- 
 ably enough, Capt. Heald promising to evacuate the fort and distribute the 
 supplies and all surplus ammunition and arms within the garrison. The 
 Indians were also to receive a liberal gift of money. The Indians appeared to 
 be satisfied. They had not as yet heard of the American defeat, Capt. Heald 
 remaining silent on that subject. It was conveyed to them, however, by 
 Tecumseh, who promised them a glorious opportunity of driving the whites 
 forever out of the hunting-grounds. 
 
 The effect of this intelligence was to make the Indians at once more 
 insolent than ever. Heald, in a foolish effort to correct a criminal mis- 
 take, decided to distribute provisions only, and to destroy the arms and ammu- 
 nition. The Indians prowling around the fort found fragments of muskets, 
 flint-locks and broken powder casks thrown in a well, and at the river bank 
 a number of headless whisky casks; When these discoveries were reported to 
 the multitude of redskins now assembled, their rage knew no bounds. They 
 justly looked upon Heald's act as a piece of treachery, and it compromised 
 all the good-fellowship that existed between the Indiansandthe garrison, and 
 even the Chief Black Partridge, who had always been friendly, threw off his 
 allegiance and became an enemy. 
 
 Rumors of the threatened danger at Fort Dearborn had reached Fort 
 Wayne. Capt. Wells stationed there was a brother of Mrs. Heald. He 
 started with fifteen Miamis to the rescue, and arrived on August 14th, find- 
 ing the garrison without hope of deliverance. Evacuation at any cost had 
 now been determined upon. Starvation was the only alternative. Kinzie 
 left his familyiu charge of some friendly Indians, and volunteered to accom- 
 pany the troops. His influence with the savages was great, and it was hoped 
 that his presence mtaht prevent an attack. 
 
CHICAGO AS IT WAS. 27 
 
 The evacuation occurred on the morning of the 15th. It was a sad spec- 
 tacle. As the inmates left the palisades they were preceded by the post 
 band which played the Dead March. Not a man or a woman among them 
 expected to reach Fort Wayne. All felt that their doom was sealed. Capt. 
 Wells led the little band of Miamis which formed the van. He had black- 
 ened his face in token, it is said, of his impending fate. 
 
 The evacuating party consisted of the garrison, about sixty five men, 
 officers included; the Miamis and leader, the wives and children of officers, 
 soldiers and settlers — about one hundred and twenty-five persons, all told. 
 They took their route along the southern shore of the lake beach. This was 
 skirted by a range of sand hills. To the west of these hills, or say from the 
 line of the present State street inward was the prairie or swamp lands, dry in 
 the month of August, 1812. Much to the alarm of the fugitives the 
 Pottawatomies took the prairie on the west side of the sand hills, 
 and followed them at a distance. They must have reached a point 
 on the shore at the foot of the present Eighteenth street, when Capt. 
 Wells, who had been riding in advance, came galloping back with the 
 announcement, " They are about to attack us, form instantly and charge upon 
 them." These words were echoed by a volley from the sand hills. The 
 massacre had begun. 
 
 At the very first discharge of the enemies' muskets, Capt. Wells' band of 
 Miamis fled precipitately, their chief following. 
 
 The whites fought with all the courage and energy of desperation. 
 Again and again, the attacks of the Pottawatomies were repulsed, with great 
 losses on both sides. Ensign Ronan, mortally wounded and kneeling on the 
 sand, loaded and fired with deadly precision until he fell exhausted. Kinzie 
 and Capt. Wells were fighting like madmen to protect the women and children. 
 While the whites were charging on a squad of Indians hidden in a ravine, 
 a young Indian brute climbed into a baggage wagon in which were the chil- 
 dren of the white families, twelve in number, and slaughtered every one of 
 them. The number of whites had been reduced to twenty-eight. After hard 
 fighting near the ravine the little band succeeded in breakingthrough the enemy 
 and gaining a rising ground not far from the present Oakwoods, or between 
 Thirty-Fifth and Fortieth streets. The contest now seemed hopeless, and 
 Lieut. Helm sent Perish Leclere, a half-breed boy in the service of Kinzie, 
 to propose terms of capitulation. It was stipulated that the lives of survivors 
 should be spared, and a ransom permitted as soon as possible. 
 
 It was then that the tidings of the massacre of the children reached 
 Capt. Wells. "Is this their game," he cried, "butchering women and 
 children. Then I will kill too ! " 
 
 So saying he started for the Indian camp, where the Indians had left 
 their squaws and children, pursued closely by Pottawatomies. He laid him- 
 
28 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 self flat on the neck of his horse, loading and firing in that position, as he 
 would occasionally turn on his pursuers. At length his horse was killed 
 under him, and he was seriously wounded. While a couple of friendly 
 Indians were trying to drag him to a place of safety he was stabbed in the 
 back and killed. It is said the Indians took out his heart and chopped it into 
 little pieces. Mrs. Corbin, the soldier's wife, fought like a tigress and 
 refused to surrender, although safety and kind treatment were promised her, 
 and was finally cut to pieces. Sergeant Holt finding himself mortally 
 wounded, gave his sword to his wife, who was on horseback, telling 
 her to defend herself. She, too, was wounded by Indians, who endeav- 
 ored to capture her alive. She fought with desperation, and finally 
 breaking away, fled to the prairies. She was captured, however, but 
 her bravery saved her life, and, after some months of captivity, was turned 
 over to her friends. Mrs. Heald, who was wounded, was on the point of 
 being scalped, when a friendly Indian saved her life. Kinzie escaped and 
 his family was unmolested during the outbreak. Two-thirds of the evacuating 
 party were massacred. The remainder were finally returned to freedom. 
 
 Of course this event broke up the settlement at Chicago Portage. ' The 
 fort was completely destroyed and the homes of the settlers were burned 
 down. The place remained desolate until 1814, when the Government com- 
 menced the rebuilding of Fort Dearborn. 
 
 The new fort occupied the exact site of the one destroyed, and resembled 
 it in construction. The government at this time also ordered a survey of the 
 water-course between Chicago and the Illinois river. John Kinzie and family 
 returned. The settlement began to fill up for the second time. Communi- 
 cation was opened with towns and settlements in southern Illinois. The tide 
 of emigration turned toward the West. The waste places were taken up rap 
 idly under the homestead act. Illinois was admitted to the Union in 1818. 
 Chicago began to assume the appearance of a ihrifty village, and from that 
 time on, though interrupted now and then by dreadful calamities, her course 
 has been steadily upward and onward. These calamities, as well as all other 
 events in her history, are noted under appropriate headings in the Encyclopedia 
 of this work. 
 
[Engraved ior The Standard Guide Company.} 
 
 THE GRANT STATUE, LINCOLN PARK. 
 
 LSee " Grant Statue."] 
 
PART II. 
 
 CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 Chicago, Cook County, State of Illinois, United States of America, is the 
 second city on the American continent in point of population and commerce. 
 Among the cities of the civilized world, it is only outranked in population by 
 London, Paris, New York, Vienna and Berlin , in the order name* . . 'J he U. S. 
 census, taken in June, 1890, placed the number of inhabitants at 1,098,576. 
 The school census, taken at the same time, generally believed to be far more 
 reliable, increased the number to 1,208,669. Since then new districts have 
 been annexed to the city, and the former ratio of increase has been more 
 than maintained, so that a conservative estimate of the population of 
 Chicago, in the summer of 1892, brings the figures up to 1,300,000. 
 
 The City of Chicago, incorporated March 4, 1837, comprised "the district 
 of country in the County of Cook, etc., known as the east % of the south- 
 west 3^ of section 33, township 40 north, range 14 east ; also the east % of 
 sections 6, 7,18 and 19, all of fractional section 3, and of sections 4, 5, 8, 9 and 
 fractional section 10 (except the southwest fractional 1 ^ thereof, occupied as a 
 military post, until the same shall become private property), fractional section 
 15 ; sections 16, 17, 20, 21 and fractional section 22, township 39 north, range 
 14 east." Since then there have been twelve extensions of the city limits. 
 
 The rapid growth of Chicago has been an enigma to those who have not 
 intelligently i a vestigated the conditions which have led to it. In reality it 
 has only kept pace with the country of which it is the natural commercial center. 
 Situated as it is on the southwest shore of Lake Michigan, in 41° 52' N. lat. 
 and 87° 52' W. long., 854 miles from Baltimore, the nearest point on the 
 Atlantic seaboard, and 2,417 miles from the Pacific ocean, directly on the 
 highways from East to West and from the Great Northwestern States to the 
 Atlantic; having all the advantages of a seaport town combined with those of 
 a great inland feeder, it is not to be wondered at that within the space of half 
 a century it grew from a mere hamlet to the dimensions of a great metropolis. 
 
 In 1837 the population of Chicago was 4,170. Ten years later it was 
 
 29 
 
10 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 16,859. In 1855 it had grown to 80,000. In 1860 it was 100,206. In 1866 it 
 was 200,418. In 1870 it was 306,605. In 18S0 it was 503,185. In 1886 it was 
 703,817. In 1889, Hyde Park, Lake, a part of Cicero, Jefferson and Lake 
 View, outlying towns, which had in fact years before become parts of the 
 city, were annexed, and the school census of that year gave the population of 
 the city at 1,066,213. 
 
 BANKING. 
 
 Chicago in volume of banking business transacted ranks next to New 
 York, although Boston usually occupies second place in the clearing-house 
 column which is published by the papers. Boston has fifty-one banks that 
 clear, while Chicago has but twenty-two, yet the Chicago banks relatively do 
 more business than the Boston banks. The fact that the clearing-house 
 figures apparently give Boston a larger business cuts no figure in actual facts. 
 Chicago really is the second city of the country in financial affairs. 
 
 1 Clearances for 1891. — The following were the monthly totals of clearings 
 by the associated banks of this city for 1891: 
 
 Month. 
 
 January 
 February . 
 March . . . 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August... 
 September 
 October . . 
 November 
 December 
 Total 
 
 Total 1889. 
 Total 1888. 
 Total 1887 
 Total 1886 
 
 1891. 
 
 $ 345,552,663 
 "225,066 
 991,989 
 709,049 
 093,736 
 708,913 
 129,768 
 884,577 
 157,726 
 521,165 
 965,054 
 945,521 
 
 333, 
 
 247, 
 391, 
 374, 
 362. 
 361, 
 398, 
 421, 
 401, 
 423: 
 
 $4,456,885,230 
 
 1890. 
 
 $296,038, 
 253,052. 
 304,703. 
 323,624. 
 374,969, 
 358,607. 
 350,804. 
 342,118, 
 359,984. 
 405,679, 
 364,309. 
 359,252, 
 
 $4,093,11.' 
 
 3,379,925. 
 3,163,774, 
 2,969,216. 
 2,604,762, 
 
 598 
 263 
 
 955 
 984 
 127 
 026 
 613 
 992, 
 585* 
 540 
 904 
 189 
 463 
 211 
 912 
 
 Clearances, Comparative. 
 1866 to 1891 inclusive: 
 
 -The following shows the bank clearings from 
 
 1867. 
 
 1868. 
 
 1870.. . 
 1871.... 
 1872. . . . 
 1873. . . . 
 1874.... 
 1875.... 
 1876.... 
 1877.... 
 1878... 
 
 453,798 
 580,727 
 723,293 
 734,664 
 810,676 
 868,936 
 
 ,047, 
 ,101 
 ,312 
 ,110 
 ,044, 
 967 
 
 ,648.11 
 ,331.43 
 144.91 
 ,949.91 
 ,036.28 
 ,754.64 
 ,503.47 
 ,828.33 
 ,918.41 
 207.54 
 ,624.37 
 475.70 
 093.07 
 
 1879. 
 1880. . 
 1881. 
 1882.. 
 1883. . 
 1884.. 
 1885 . 
 1886.. 
 1887.. 
 1888.. 
 
 1891. 
 
 .257, 
 ,725. 
 ,249 
 ,393. 
 ,517, 
 ,250, 
 ,318, 
 ,604, 
 ,969, 
 ,168, 
 ,379, 
 
 ,093, 
 
 ,456 
 
 ,756,124.31 
 ,684,894.85 
 ,329,924.73 
 ,437,874.35 
 371,581.24 
 ,680,391.74 
 ,579,003.07 
 ,762,912.86 
 ,216,210.60 
 774,462.68 
 925,188.67 
 145,904.00 
 ,885,230.00 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 31 
 
 Condition of State and National Banks. — The following tables prepared 
 from the last statements furnished by the State banks to the Auditor and the 
 national banks to the Comptroller are matters of interest and pride to every 
 Chicagoan, and clearly establish the financial precedence of Chicago over all 
 competitors with the exception of New York. 
 
 Deposits subject to check- 
 National banks 
 
 $ 58,179,588 
 29,821,158 
 
 15,605,907 
 
 4,604,687 
 5,118,008 
 
 50,961,740 
 4,238,461, 
 
 $88,000,736 
 
 
 State banks 
 
 Time and demand certificates— 
 
 15,605,907 
 
 
 9 722 695 
 
 To the credit of banks and bankers — 
 National banks 
 
 55,200,201 
 
 
 
 
 
 $168,5?8,559 
 
 
 of the national 
 
 The capital, surplus and undivided profits 
 
 banks- 
 Capital 
 
 $21,298,680 
 9,378.950 
 3,116,193 
 
 12,327,000 
 3,869,000 
 1,869,288 
 
 
 
 $34,793,823 
 
 State banks — 
 
 
 
 
 18,065,288 
 
 fotal 
 
 
 $ 52,859,111 
 
 
 
 There was not a single bank failure in Chicago during the year 1891. 
 • Since the panic of 1873 there have been fewer bank failures in Chicago than 
 in any other large American city. 
 
 BOARD OF TRADE TRANSACTIONS. 
 
 The Chicago Board of Trade is a world renowned commercial organization. 
 It exercises a wider and a more potential influence over the welfare of mankind 
 than any other institution of its kind in existence, for it practically regulates 
 the traffic in breadstuff's the world over. Its transactions are of far more 
 importance to humanity in general than are those of the Exchange of London, 
 the Bourse of Paris, or the Stock Exchange of New York. The volume of 
 business transacted on the floor of the Chicago Board of Trade annually is 
 amazing; the fortunes made and lost within the walls of the great building 
 every year astonish the world. The membership of the Board of Trade is 
 about 2,000 — nearly all young men, full of the genuine Chicago spirit of 
 enterprise, pluck and perseverance. Notwithstanding the severe criticisms to 
 which the methods of the Board have been subjected from time to time, the 
 commercial honesty and personal integrity of the members are recognized 
 everywhere. On the Board of Trade there is a code of moral ethics which 
 can not be violated with impunity. The member who is not known to be 
 
32 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 commercially honorable, or whose word has once been broken, or who has 
 been detected in a disreputable transaction, loses caste among his fellows and 
 is shunned for all time. Men lose fortunes here because they risk them, not 
 on a game of chance, but in a trial of judgment. The Board of Trade 
 building is one of the architectural monuments of Chicago. (See "Board of 
 Trade Building.") The volume of business done on the Chicago Board of 
 Trade during the year 1891 was largely in excess of any previous year of its 
 history. The grain and produce business of Chicago is transacted on the 
 Board of Trade. The following exhibits will give the stranger an idea of the 
 immensity of the business done: 
 
 Barley— Receipts and Shipments: The following table exhibits the receipts 
 and shipments of barley in this market during the past twenty- two years: 
 
 Year. 
 
 Received 
 Bushels. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Shipped 
 Bushels. 
 
 1870 
 
 3,335,653 
 4,069,410 
 3,251,750 
 4,240,239 
 4,354,981 
 3,107,279 
 4,716,360 
 4,990,370 
 5,754,059 
 4,936,562 
 5,211,536 
 5,695,358 
 6,488,140 
 8,831,899 
 7,849,839 
 10,760,137 
 13,511,953 
 13,170,403 
 13,387,526 
 13,524,538 
 15,133,971 
 [ 12.328,480 
 
 1870 
 
 2,584,692 
 
 1871 
 
 1873 
 
 1873 
 
 1871 
 
 2,908,113 
 
 1873 
 
 5,032,308 
 
 1873 
 
 1874.... 
 
 3,366,041 
 
 1874 
 
 3,404,538 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1,868,206 
 2,687,932 
 
 1877 
 
 4,313,646 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 3,530,983 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 3,566,401 
 
 1880 
 
 1881.... 
 
 1883 
 
 1883 
 
 4,110,985 
 
 1881 
 
 3,113,251 
 
 18*2 
 
 3,298,252 
 
 1883 
 
 4,643,011 
 
 1884 
 
 1884 
 
 4,095,500 
 
 1885 
 
 1885 
 
 5,533,003 
 
 1886 
 
 1886 
 
 7,293,190 
 
 1887 
 
 1887 
 
 7,216,580 
 
 1888 
 
 1888 
 
 7,772,351 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 8,138,109 
 9,470,321 
 
 1891 
 
 I 7,858,F8 
 
 Exports of wheat and flour. — The exports of wheat and flour in wheat 
 from all American ports monthly for four years were as follows: 
 
 Months. 
 
 189 L. 
 
 January . . . 
 February.. 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August — 
 September 
 October... 
 November. 
 December. 
 
 9,155,588 
 7,791,615 
 10,596,207 
 10,872,949 
 10,240,120 
 10,422,769 
 13,694,899 
 25,279,027 
 24,655,698 
 19,610,040 
 20,101,989 
 31,000,000 
 
 1S90. 
 
 7,997, 
 9,376. 
 10,077, 
 9,913, 
 8,864. 
 6,857, 
 7,892, 
 9,42 
 5,418, 
 7,571 
 7,077 
 9,613 
 
 354 
 775 
 654 
 515 
 636 
 143 
 532 
 ,588 
 85 
 ,682 
 ,941 
 ,685 
 
 1889. 
 
 11 
 
 ,257,194 
 ,586,130 
 ,851,453 
 ,810,731 
 ,830,122 
 ,355,299 
 ,015,986 
 ,619,689 
 ,192,149 
 ,3(53,535 
 .408,064 
 ,627,50 i 
 
 1838. 
 
 7,520,860 
 9,321,850 
 8,564,7.55 
 7,257,216 
 6,014,621 
 6,242,559 
 7,019,509 
 11,033,046 
 10,089,869 
 7,759,000 
 5,344,036 
 7,063,450 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 33 
 
 Corn — Receipts and Shipments: The following were the receipts and ship- 
 ments of corn at Chicago during the past twenty-two years: 
 
 Year. 
 
 18T0 
 
 1871. 
 
 1872. 
 
 1873. 
 
 1874 
 
 1875. 
 
 1876. 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1884. 
 
 1885. 
 
 1886 
 
 1887. 
 
 1888. 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 Received 
 Bushels. 
 
 775 
 138 
 087 
 232 
 638 
 150 
 640 
 728 
 518 
 311 
 844 
 395 
 775 
 319 
 445 
 897 
 126 
 217 
 908 
 691 
 251 
 304 
 
 Year. 
 
 1870. 
 1871. 
 1872. 
 1873. 
 1874. 
 1875. 
 1876 
 1877 
 1878. 
 1879 
 1880 
 1881. 
 1882. 
 1883. 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 1888 
 1889 
 1890 
 
 Shipped 
 Bushels. 
 
 17, 
 
 3(5 
 
 47, 
 
 30. 
 
 32. 
 
 26. 
 
 45,( 
 
 46." 
 
 59. 
 
 61. 
 
 93 
 
 75 
 
 49 
 
 71. 
 
 53 
 
 58 
 
 56 
 
 50 
 
 69, 
 
 83. 
 
 90 
 
 66. 
 
 377 
 030 
 552 
 943 
 224 
 884 
 035 
 901 
 200 
 376 
 9;<4 
 213 
 609 
 508 
 ,050 
 ,567 
 ,781 
 ,992 
 ,565 
 818 
 139 
 300 
 
 Flour — Receipts and Shipments: The following table exhibits the receipts 
 and shipments of flour at Chicago during the past twenty-two years : 
 
 Year. 
 
 Receipts, 
 bbls. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Shipments, 
 bbls. 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1,766,037 
 1,413,177 
 1,533,014 
 1,487,376 
 3,666,689 
 3,635,833 
 3,955,197 
 2,691,142 
 3,030,562 
 3,369,958 
 3,215,389 
 4,815,219 
 4,179,912 
 4,295,515 
 4,960,830 
 5,385,773 
 4,183,147 
 6,572,327 
 6,034,006 
 4,410,535 
 4,358,058 
 4,516,617 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1,705,977 
 1,287,574 
 1,361,228 
 2,303,490 
 2,306,576 
 2,?85,113 
 2,6 4,838 
 2,482,305 
 2,779,640 
 3,' 90,540 
 2,862,737 
 4,499,743 
 3,843,067 
 3,999,441 
 4,8 8,884 
 5,240,199 
 3.607,232 
 6,362,580 
 5,493,212 
 3 916 454 
 
 1872 
 
 1872 
 
 1S73 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 ' 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 4,134,. r 86 
 
 1891 
 
 4,048,129 
 
 Grain Exports. — The shipments of grain in transit and export to Canadian 
 ports during the year 1891 were 3,824,084 bushels of corn; 1,012,547 bushels 
 of oats; 1,128,918 bushels of wheat; 1,526,015 bushels of rye; total 7,491,600 
 bushels. 
 
34 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Grain Inspection. — The following shows the number of cars, boat-loads, 
 and bushels of grain inspected on arrival in the city for the twelve months 
 ending Oct. 31, 1891, and for the previous inspection year, also the out-inspec- 
 tion for the same periods: 
 
 Inspected in 
 
 Inspected out 
 
 
 1891. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 1890. 
 
 
 £77,216 
 
 422 
 27,607,282 
 15,114,838 
 66,294,496 
 73,299 216 
 8,119,510 
 11,042,163 
 
 272,956 
 
 640 
 
 9,122,016 
 
 9,32!,784 
 
 94,991,620 
 
 74,605,342 
 
 3,085,129 
 
 13,378,080 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Winter wheat, bushels.. 
 Spring wheat, bushels. . 
 
 23,127,995 
 
 8,048,566 
 
 41,218,563 
 
 14,161,975 
 
 5,573,607 
 
 2,079,177 
 
 4,108,468 
 4,090,47 L 
 57.285,534 
 
 Oats, bushels 
 
 Rye, bushels 
 
 Barley, bushels 
 
 16,839,843 
 1,666,253 
 1,753,839 
 
 Grain Storage Capacity, — The following table shows the regular grain 
 warehouses of the city of Chicago at the present time. 
 
 Name or Elevator. 
 
 Proprietors. 
 
 Receive from 
 
 Capacity 
 Bushels. 
 
 Central A t 
 
 Central B \ 
 
 C.B.&Q.A 1 
 
 do B 1 
 
 do c y 
 
 do D 1 
 
 Central Elevator Co . . . 
 Dole & Co 
 
 I. C.R. R 
 
 C. B & Q 
 
 1,000,000 
 1,500,000 
 1,250,000 
 800,000 
 1.500,000 
 1.800,000 
 1,200,000 
 
 1,250,000 
 
 1,000,000 
 
 700,000 
 
 Chas.Counselman & Co. 
 Congdon & Co. 
 
 City of Chicago Grain 
 Elevators, limited ... 
 
 National Elevator & 
 Dock Co 
 
 Chicago Elevator Co.. . . 
 
 Chicago & Pacific Ele- 
 vator Co 
 
 III. River Elevator Co. . 
 G. A. Seaverns 
 
 C.R.I.&P 
 
 C. R. I. &P 
 
 Rock Island A > 
 
 Galena 1 
 
 C. &N. W 
 
 
 C.M.&St.P 
 
 
 Fulton 1 
 
 400,000 
 
 St. Paul y 
 
 City 1 
 
 R. R. & Canal 
 
 900,000 
 1,000,000 
 
 Union I 
 
 Iowa J 
 
 National ) 
 
 Chicago & St. L f 
 
 Wabash ) 
 
 Indiana f 
 
 Pacific B > 
 
 W. St. P. &P 
 
 800,000 
 1 .500,000 
 
 i,ono,r.oo 
 
 C. & N. W 
 
 R. R. & Canal.. 
 
 Various R. R 
 
 1,000,000 
 1.500,000 
 
 C. M. &St. P 
 
 Canal 
 
 R.R.&Canal 
 
 1,500,000 
 1,000,000 
 
 175,000 
 
 1,100,000 
 500,000 
 
 1,500,000 
 
 2,000,000 
 
 700,000 
 
 Illinois River — , [■ 
 
 AltonB 
 
 Santa Fe j- 
 
 Armour Elevator 
 
 Neeley's Elevator 
 
 Santa Fe Elevator Co. . . 
 
 Armour Elevator Co. . . 
 Illinois T. &S. Bank.. 
 
 A. T. & S. Fe R. R 
 
 C. M. &St. P. R. R 
 
 R. R. & Canal 
 
 Total 
 
 28,675,000 
 
 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 35 
 
 Grain and Produce — Receipts and Shipments. — Following were the 
 receipts and shipments of grain and produce for 1891, compared with 1890: 
 
 Received . 
 
 Shipped. 
 
 
 1891. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 1890. 
 
 
 4,516,617 
 
 42,931,^58 
 
 72,770,304 
 
 74,402,413 
 
 9,164,198 
 
 12,228,480 
 
 68,166,240 
 
 11,120,138 
 
 20,685,354 
 
 206,898,960 
 
 41,744 
 
 105,061,775 
 
 2,400 
 
 13,970 
 
 74,021,945 
 
 63,922,939 
 
 127,765,048 
 
 110,891,894 
 
 35,049,664 
 
 5,201,633 
 
 1,345,573 
 
 192,308 
 
 4,358,058 
 
 14,248,770 
 
 91,387,754 
 
 75,150,239 
 
 3.520,508 
 
 19,401,489 
 
 72,086,100 
 
 6,642,905 
 
 14,524,233 
 
 300,198,241 
 
 36,324 
 
 109,704.834 
 
 2,702 
 
 77,985 
 
 147,475,267 
 
 67,338,590 
 
 140,548,850 
 
 10-5,743,421 
 
 22,281,570 
 
 4,737,384 
 
 1,412,550 
 
 170,563 
 
 4,048,129 
 38,990,169 
 66,578,300 
 68,772,714 
 
 4,134,586 
 11,975,275 
 90,574,378 
 
 70.7fi8.2;>2 
 
 Wheat, bushels 
 
 
 Rye, bushels 
 
 7,572,991 3,280,438 
 
 7,858,108 9,470,971 
 
 55,148,971 ' 59,213,036 
 
 9,990,798 fi.594.5«1 
 
 Grass seed, pounds 
 
 Broom-corn, pounds 
 
 Cured meats, pounds 
 
 Canned meats, cases 
 
 Dressed beef, pounds 
 
 15,750,529 
 
 75 1,68V 62 
 
 1,253,480 
 
 877,295,88) 
 
 138,074 
 
 278,553 
 
 362,109,199 
 
 50,204,235 
 
 140,737,620 
 
 198,571,824 
 
 57,189,777 
 
 8 0,563 
 
 835,069 
 
 28.935 
 
 15,395,873 
 
 823,801,460 
 
 1,767,650 
 
 964,134,897 
 
 145,897 
 
 392,186 
 
 471,910,128 
 
 53,^29,885 
 
 156,6 8,837 
 
 199,083,622 
 
 39,0U6,263 
 
 724,109 
 
 957,310 
 
 19,378 
 
 Pork, barrels 
 
 Cheese, pounds 
 
 
 
 Coal, tons . .' 
 
 Salt, barrels 
 
 Hay, to< s 
 
 Hogs and Cattle Slaughtered in 1890.— In Chicago, during 1890, 2.219.312 
 cattle and 5,733,082 hogs were slaughtered, against, respectively, 1,763,310 
 and 4,211,766 in the previous year. 
 
 Received in 189 J. — Ther ceipts of hogs in 1891 were over 8,600,000, nearly 
 a million more than were received in 1&90, the previous banner year. 
 
 Live Stock Transactions. — The following is an exhibit of the business 
 transacted at the Union Stock Yards, in this cily, during the year 1891, as 
 compared with the transactions of the year 1890: 
 
 RECEIPTS FOR 1891. 
 
 January . 
 February. . 
 March... 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July........ 
 
 August 
 
 September. 
 October — 
 November. 
 December . 
 
 Total. 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 274,379 
 223,4*3 
 
 24,286 
 201,168 
 220,683 
 235,618 
 288,983 
 260,765 
 3a8,223 
 372,338 
 290,256 
 281,237 
 
 3,250.3; 9 
 
 Calves. 
 
 7,490 
 
 6,012 
 
 8,336 
 
 10,402 
 
 13,440 
 
 26,782 
 
 28,292 
 
 21,357 
 
 31,398 
 
 25,127 
 
 16,971 
 
 7.776 
 
 285,383 
 
 Hogs. 
 
 1,068,260 
 933,873 
 861,902 
 523,528 
 569,115 
 571,421 
 468,497 
 394,499 
 456,584 
 654,999 
 1,008,396 
 1,068,762 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 3,600,865 | 
 
 Horses. 
 
 818 
 12,198 
 11,867 
 10,153 
 9.871 
 6,926 
 5,213 
 5,605 
 7,183 
 8,091 
 5.S09 
 4,063 
 
 94,396 
 
 To bring the stock to the yards, 304,706 cars were needed. The above 
 receipts show that Chicago, notwithstanding the establishment of great stock 
 yards in cities to the west of us, still leads in the live-stock business. 
 
36 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 RECEIPTS FOR 1890. 
 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 Calves. 
 
 Hogs. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Horses. 
 
 
 383,356 
 232,796 
 246,592 
 359,747 
 299,090 
 284,037 
 328,2j)0 
 294,433 
 332,706 
 382.098 
 263,511 
 277,684 
 
 6,278 
 
 5,028 
 
 6,288 
 
 11,131 
 
 9,767 
 
 19,909 
 
 26,425 
 
 21,939 
 
 24,952 
 
 21,555 
 
 13,125 
 
 8,631 
 
 807,798 
 563,836 
 534,086 
 467,599 
 537,977 
 601,076 
 612,355 
 674,207 
 518,337 
 146,344 
 878,992 
 821,221 
 
 165,973 
 153,452 
 171,495 
 191,260 
 172,82 i 
 181,466 
 143,958 
 185,174 
 218,764 
 219,107 
 163,361 
 195,844 
 
 6,261 
 
 
 9,398 
 
 March 
 
 12,927 
 11,459 
 
 May 
 
 June — 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 11,037 
 9,030 
 7,574 
 8,081 
 8,061 
 7,064 
 
 
 6,019 
 
 December 
 
 4,625 
 
 Total 
 
 3,484,380 
 
 175,025 
 
 7,663,828 
 
 2,182,667 
 
 101,566 
 
 SHIPMENTS FOR 1891. 
 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 Calves. 
 
 Hogs. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Horses. 
 
 January 
 
 February 
 
 93,046 
 87,980 
 96,258 
 70,031 
 76,756 
 67,943 
 83,454 
 88,162 
 114,480 
 109,958 
 85,760 
 92,936 
 
 3,944 
 
 2,359 
 
 958 
 
 529 
 
 394 
 
 5,808 
 
 5,699 
 
 4,826 
 
 3 739 
 
 7,735 
 
 5,398 
 
 2,969 
 
 232,048 
 328,463 
 380,893 
 292,548 
 278,269 
 254,364 
 223,712 
 176,368 
 200,097 
 217,662 
 179,821 
 189,869 
 
 88,420 
 65,866 
 80,312 
 91,135 
 67,567 
 53,239 
 44,909 
 43,798 
 47,653 
 25,684 
 25,774 
 34,512 
 
 7,379 
 
 12,007 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 10,760 
 9,636 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 8,747 
 6,534 
 4,700 
 4,865 
 6,494 
 7,434 
 4,784 
 3,933 
 
 Totals 
 
 1,066,264 
 
 48,331 
 
 2,902,514 
 
 688,205 
 
 82,773 
 
 
 SHIPMENTS FOR 18C0. 
 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 Calves. 
 
 Hogs. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Horses. 
 
 January .• 
 
 February 
 
 124,315 
 112,675 
 119,213 
 131,249 
 139,888 
 86,976 
 107,016 
 100,284 
 106,234 
 108,195 
 74,446 
 85,818 
 
 2,062 
 
 1,469 
 
 702 
 
 1,053 
 
 653 
 
 5,476 
 
 7,457 
 
 10,?i39 
 
 11,682 
 
 11,018 
 
 5,531 
 
 3,819 
 
 141,746 
 227,987 
 211,022 
 143,131 
 121,903 
 128,841 
 158,612 
 157,623 
 191,797 
 214,170 
 157,826 
 132,022 
 
 68,922 
 68,747 
 75,474 
 64,639 
 59,554 
 85,401 
 40,620 
 99,962 
 107,572 
 96,675 
 63,8P1 
 78,416 
 
 5,635 
 8,873 
 12,335 
 10,42 i 
 10,611 
 8,350 
 6,(-03 
 7,431 
 7,356 
 6,402 
 5,8( 3 
 4,339 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 Totals 
 
 1,260,309 
 
 61,466 
 
 1,985,700 
 
 929^864 
 
 94,362 
 
2 
 
 o 3 
 * < 
 
 
 O ™ 
 
 5 s 5 
 
 n r> a 
 
 5 < S{ 
 
 3 o °- 
 
 5? « O 
 
 " » 8- 
 
 > = 
 
 JO ^ 
 
 PI 
 

 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 37 
 
 Produce — Receipts and Shipments for Two Tears. —The following table 
 exhibits the receipts and shipments of flour, grain, live stock and produce at 
 Chicago for the past two years: 
 
 Received . 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Flour, barrels . 
 
 Wheat, bushels 
 
 4,516,617 
 42,931,258 
 
 72,770,304 
 74,402,413 
 
 Oats, bushels 
 
 Rye, bushels 
 
 9,164,198 
 
 12,228,480 
 
 68,166,240 
 
 11,120,138 
 
 20,685,354 
 
 206,898,960 
 
 41,744 
 
 105,061,775 
 
 2,460 
 
 Grass seed, pounds 
 
 Broom-corn, pounds 
 
 Cured meats, pounds 
 
 Canned meats, cases 
 
 Dressed beef, pounds 
 
 Pork, barrels 
 
 13,970 
 
 74,021,945 
 
 63,922,939 
 
 127,765,048 
 
 9,901 
 
 8,683,195 
 
 3,271,585 
 
 2,164,464 
 
 110,891,894 
 
 35,049,664 
 
 5,201,633 
 
 2,045,418 
 
 303,895 
 
 Cheese, pounds 
 
 Dre&sed hogs, Is o 
 
 Live hogs, No 
 
 Cattle, No 
 
 Sheep, No 
 
 H ides, pounds 
 
 Wool, pounds 
 
 Coal, tons 
 
 Lumber, M 
 
 Shingles, M 
 
 Salt, barrels 
 
 Hay, tODs 
 
 1,345,573 
 192,308 
 
 
 Shipped. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1891. 
 
 1890. 
 
 4,358,058 
 
 4,048,129 
 
 4,134,586 
 
 14,248,770 
 
 38,990,169 
 
 11,975,276 
 
 91,387,754 
 
 1 6,578,300 
 
 90,574,379 
 
 75,150,249 
 
 68,772,714 
 
 70,768,222 
 
 3.520,508 
 
 7,572,091 
 
 3,280,483 
 
 19,401,489 
 
 7,858,108 
 
 9,470,971 
 
 72,086,100 
 
 5\ 148,971 ■ 
 
 59,213,036 
 
 6,612,905 
 
 9,990,798 
 
 6,594,581 
 
 14,524,233 
 
 15,750,529 
 
 15,395,873 
 
 200,198,241 
 
 751,684,^62 
 
 823,801,460 
 
 36,324 
 
 1,253,480 
 
 1,767,654 
 
 109,704,884 
 
 877,295,885 
 
 964,134,807 
 
 2,702 
 
 138,074 
 
 145,890 
 
 77,985 
 
 278,553 
 
 392,786 
 
 147,475,267 
 
 362,109,199 
 
 471,910,128 
 
 67,338,590 
 
 50,204,235 
 
 53,c29,885 
 
 140,548,850 
 
 140,737,620 
 
 156,6^8,837 
 
 14,5267" 
 
 121,965 
 
 148,859 
 
 7,653,828 
 
 2,967,775 
 
 1,985,700 
 
 3,414,280 
 
 1,'7>,200 
 
 1,5 60,309 
 
 2,182,667 
 
 693/2)0 
 
 1,252,873 
 
 103,743,421 
 
 198,571,824 
 
 199,083,6 2 
 
 22,281,570 
 
 57,189,777 
 
 39,006,263 
 
 4,737,384 
 
 83 ,£63 
 
 724,019 
 
 1,941 392 
 
 865,949 
 
 S12.655 
 
 515,575 
 
 99,855 
 
 108,822 
 
 1,412,550 
 
 835,069 
 
 957,310 
 
 170,562 
 
 28,935 
 
 19,373 
 
 Railroad Live Stock Transactions. — Chicago, during the quarantine year 
 beginning February 15 and ending November 30, 1891, received 576,993 
 cattleand78.383calves in Texas division, against 540,962cattleand 65, 811 calves 
 in 1890. Receipts the past year were brought in by nine railroads, as follows : 
 Chicago & Alton, 189,275 cattle, 37,522 calves; Wabash, 129,907 cattle, 
 18,135 calves; Chicago, Burlington & Quincv, 105,382 cattle, 11,739 calves; 
 Santa Fe, 64,086 cattle, 5,814 calves ; Illinois Central, 31,376 cattle, 3,998 
 calves; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, 28,754 cattle, 141 calves ; Chicago. 
 Milwaukee & St. Paul, 20,220 cattle, 1,034 calves; Chicago, St. Paul & 
 Kansas City, 7,643 cattle ; C. & E. I„ 350 cattle. Cattle averaged 24.6 and 
 calves 85 to the car. About 111,000 head of Texas cattle were received out- 
 side of the quarantine district during 1891. 
 
 Combined receipts of Texas and Western range cattle for 1891 were 
 1,959,530, being about a third of the entire receipts. The number of rangers 
 was 173,000 larger than in 1890, while the arrivals of native cattle were 418,- 
 000 smaller than in 1890. 
 
 From July 6 to November 20, 1891, the Home Land and Cattle Company 
 marketed 14,000 Montana-Texas cattle in Chicago that averaged about 1,190 
 pounds. The first shipment sold at $4.75 and the second lot at $5.25 ; July 
 27 some sold at $4.40 ; July 29, at $4.30 ; August 5, at $3 60 ; Aug. 10, at 
 $3.75 ; Aug. 17, at $3.50 ; Sept. 4, at $4.35 ; September 11, at $4.25 ; Sept 
 
38 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 18, at $3.40 ; Sept. 21, at $3.95, Sept. 28, at $3.10 ; October 26, at $3.50; 
 Nov. 2, at $3 ; Nov. 7, at $2.90 ; Nov. 11, at $3.30 ; and the last shipment. 
 Nov. 20, at $3.20, which gives a general idea of the course of values for 
 Western rangers during the past season. 
 
 Only one lot of Texas cattle sold last April above $5.25. The $5.75 
 bunch was for some grade-Hereford Texas, averaging 1,060 lbs 
 
 During 1891 Kansas City received 1,272,600 cattle, 76,710 calves, 2, 599,- 
 200 hogs, 387,000 sheep, and 32,000 horses, showing a decrease of 203,U00 
 cattle, 200 calves, 276,000 hogs, 151,000 sheep, and 5,300 horses, compared 
 with arrivals for 1890. 
 
 South Omaha received 601,600 cattle, 1,538,000 hogs, 175,200 sheep, and 
 8,960 horses during 1891 ; showing a decrease of 17,200 cattle and 182,000 
 hogs, and an increase of 19,400 sheep and 3,900 horses, compared with 
 arrivals for 1890. 
 
 Provision Storage Warehouses. — The list of regular provision warehouse 
 is as follows: 
 
 The Allerton Packing Co. ; The Anglo-American Packing Co. ; Armour 
 & Co.; John Cudahy; Chicago Dock Co.; Cyrus Dupee; H. M. Dupee; Henry 
 D. Gilbert & Co. ; International Packing Co. ; Jones & Stiles; Hately Brothers; 
 Thomas J. Lipton; John Morrell & Co., Ltd.;Moran& Healy;MichenerBros. 
 & Co. ; Swift & Co. ; The Stock Yards Warehouse Co. ; Underwood & Co. ; J. II. 
 Winterbotham & Co.; The W. H. Silberhorn Co.; The T. E. Wells Co.; The 
 North American Provision Co.; The Chicago Packing and Provision Co. 
 
 Rye Receipts and Shipments. — The following were the receipts and ship- 
 ments of rye in this market for the past twenty -two years. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Received, 
 Bushels. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Received, 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Shipped, 
 Bushels. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Shipped, 
 Bushels. 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 ... 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 . ... 
 1880 
 
 1,093,403 
 2,011,788 
 1,129,086 
 1,189,464 
 781,181 
 699,583 
 1,447,917 
 1,728,865 
 2,490,615 
 4,497,340 
 1,869,218 
 
 1881.. 
 1882. . 
 1883.. 
 1884.. 
 1885.. 
 1886 . 
 1887. . 
 1888.. 
 1889. . 
 1890.. 
 1891.. 
 
 
 1,363,552 
 1,9*4,516 
 5,484,259 
 6,327,516 
 1,892,760 
 936,547 
 847,009 
 2,767,571 
 2,605,984 
 3,520,508 
 9,164,198 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 .... 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 913,627 
 
 1,325,685 
 
 776,805 
 
 960,613 
 
 335,077 
 
 310,592 
 
 1,433,976 
 
 1,553.374 
 
 2,025,654 
 
 2,234,363 
 
 1,365,162 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1833 
 
 1884.... 
 1885.... 
 
 1886 
 
 1887... . 
 
 1888 
 
 188H 
 
 1890 
 
 1891....'. 
 
 1,104,452 
 1,773,148 
 3,838,567 
 4,365,745 
 1,216,961 
 8 17,553 
 690,830 
 1,744,380 
 2,801,366 
 3,274,382 
 7,572,991 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 39 
 
 Speculatioe Business of the Board. — The increase in speculative business 
 on the board is indicated by the annual reports for the last two years of the 
 Chicago Board of Trade clearing-house. The monthly and total clearings 
 and balances for 1891 were as follows : 
 
 Date. 
 
 January... 
 February. . 
 
 March 
 
 April... .. 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August ... 
 September . 
 October . . 
 November. 
 December. 
 
 Clearings. 
 
 $ 5,388,707 50 
 
 4,869,450 00 
 
 11,001,201 50 
 
 11,955,' 96 25 
 
 1 ',480,938 50 
 
 9,929,^96 25 
 
 8,978,752 59 
 
 13,232,350 ' 
 
 8,202,817 17 
 
 6,064,626 25 
 
 5,131,768 75 
 
 5,848,425 00 
 
 BALANCE. 
 
 827,504 54 
 761,682 52 
 246.496 08 
 ,751,432 41 
 ,76*,091 79 
 938,934 28 
 ,592,515 61 
 240.611 20 
 ,444,962 09 
 ,911,967 87 
 ,810,142 53 
 ,141,486 65 
 
 $32,430,827 57 
 
 Totals '* 101,083,5x9 6? 
 
 Total balances for 1890 were reported at $28,190,093.56, against $18,763,- 
 093.56 in 1889, and $30,153,835.15 for 1888. The clearings in 1890 were 
 more than $31,000,000 greater than in 1889. The clearings of 1891 exceeded 
 those of 1890 by over $18,000,000. 
 
 CLIMATE OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The climate of Chicago is healthful and beautiful, though the 
 weather sometimes goes to extremes in summer and winter. The air is 
 cool and bracing through most of the summer, and hot nights are very 
 rare. Many thoughtful persons attribute the wonderful growth of the city to 
 the stimulating atmosphere which arouses all the latent energy in the human 
 system, and makes possible the hard mental and physical labor of the people. 
 The mean barometric pressure during a period of ten years was discovered 
 by the United States signal office to have been 29,303 inches ; the mean an- 
 nual temperature 40.06°, the mean annual precipitation 36.64 inches and the 
 mean annual humidity of the air 70.9, 100 representing complete saturation. 
 The maximum annual precipitation averaged about 46 inches during this 
 period. The highest mean temperature was 51.40°, the lowest 45.42°. Al- 
 though the mercury reaches the nineties in the summer at times, and falls 
 below zero in winter, this is rarely the case. In winter the cold is tempered 
 by the lake, and extremely severe weather seldom continues longer than a 
 week at a time. 
 
 Mean Temperature. — The mean temperature of Chicago for 1891, as ob- 
 served by the United States Signal office, was as follows : January, 30.2 ; 
 February, 28.6; March, 30.6; April, 47.0; May, 53.4; June, 65.7; July, 
 67.0 ; August, 69.0 ; September, 69.0 ; October, 52.6 ; November, 33.8 ; 
 December, 35.4. 
 
40 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Excessive Precipitation at Chicago.— Statement showing dates of excessive 
 precipitation at Chicago, from October, 1871, to December, 1891, inclusive, 
 with the duration and rate of fall : 
 
 
 DATES. 
 
 Fall equaling or ex 
 
 ceeding the raie of 
 
 1 inch per hour. 
 
 Fall of 2.50 inches or 
 more in twenty- 
 four hours. 
 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Duration. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Duration 
 
 December 
 
 September 
 
 May 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 January 
 
 June 
 
 October 
 
 July 
 
 May 
 
 July 
 
 22-23, 
 
 28-29, 
 
 1-2, 
 
 15, 
 
 9-10, 
 
 18, 
 
 8, 
 
 19-20, 
 
 25-26, 
 
 25, 
 
 6-7, 
 
 11-12, 
 
 5-6, 
 
 25-26, 
 
 1-2, 
 
 2-3, 
 
 23-24, 
 
 28, 
 
 3, 
 
 31, 
 
 2, 
 
 3, 
 
 12, 
 
 18-19, 
 
 27, 
 
 4, 
 
 14, 
 
 1871 
 
 
 H. M. 
 
 2.50 
 2.70 
 
 2.82 
 
 H. M. 
 
 23 30 
 
 1872 
 
 
 
 18 45 
 
 1873 
 
 
 
 24 00 
 
 1875 
 
 1.00 
 
 1 00 
 
 
 1875 
 
 3.50 
 
 23 50 
 
 1876 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1.00 
 0.84 
 
 1 00 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 2.55 
 4.14 
 2.77 
 3.32 
 3.38 
 3.39 
 3.26 
 3.34 
 5.90 
 2 95 
 
 24 00 
 13 40 
 
 1879 
 
 1879 . 
 
 
 23 00 
 
 
 
 23 30 
 
 1881 
 
 
 
 24 00 
 
 
 1883 
 
 
 
 24 00 
 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 
 
 21 55 
 
 
 
 
 8 03 
 
 August 
 
 August 
 
 May 
 
 July 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 July 
 
 July 
 
 July 
 
 July 
 
 September 
 
 August 
 
 1885 
 
 
 
 24 00 
 
 1885 
 
 
 
 24 00 
 
 1888 
 
 0.75 
 
 75 
 1.00 
 67 
 0.28 
 0.25 
 1.55 
 4.02 
 0.25 
 1.00 
 
 19 
 
 23 
 
 10 
 34 
 
 
 1888 
 
 
 
 1888 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1889 
 
 1889 
 
 1889 
 
 1889 
 
 1891) 
 
 
 
 
 4.02 
 
 3 34 
 
 
 
 
 COMMERCE OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The Commerce of Chicago has grown in volume from a total of $20,000,- 
 000 in 1850 to a total of $1,459,000,000 in 1891. The increase in the trade of 
 the city from year to year during the period named is shown by the following 
 table. The figures in the twentieth line are for the twelve months from 
 October 11, 1871, to October 11, 1872, the series having been interrupted by 
 the great fire • 
 
 Year. 
 
 In Currency. 
 
 In Gold. 
 
 Year. 
 
 In Currency. 
 
 In Gold. 
 
 1891 
 
 1890 
 
 1889 
 
 1888 
 
 Sl,4~9,000,000 
 
 Si,380,ono,ooo 
 
 1,177,000,000 
 
 1,125,000,000 
 
 1,103,000,000 
 
 997,000,000 
 
 959,000,000 
 
 933.000,000 
 
 1,050,000,000 
 
 1,045,000,000 
 
 1,015,000,000 
 
 900,000,000 
 
 764,000,000 
 
 81,459.000,000 
 
 $1,380,000,000 
 
 1,177,000,000 
 
 1,125,000,000 
 
 1,103,000,000 
 
 997,000,000 
 
 959,000,000 
 
 933,000,000 
 
 1,050,000,000 
 
 1,045,000,000 
 
 1,015,000,000 
 
 900,000,000 
 
 764,000,000 
 
 1878 
 
 1877 
 
 1876 
 
 655,000,000 
 621,500,000 
 652,000,000 
 657,000,000 
 639,000,000 
 59ft,000,0fO 
 490,000,000 
 439,000,000 
 450,000,000 
 434,000,000 
 97,000,000 
 20,000,000 
 
 650,000,000 
 695,000,000 
 587,000,000 
 
 18H7 
 
 1875 
 
 1874 
 
 1873 
 
 1871-T2 
 
 1870 
 
 566,000,000 
 575,000,000 
 514,000,n00 
 437,000,000 
 377,000,000 
 
 1886 
 
 1885 
 
 1884 
 
 1883 ... . 
 
 1882 
 
 1869 
 
 33rt,000,000 
 
 310,000,000 
 
 97,000,000 
 
 20,000,000 
 
 1881 
 
 )888 
 
 1880 
 
 I860 
 
 1879 
 
 1850 
 
 
 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 41 
 
 These figures were prepared by the commercial and financial writers of 
 The Chicago Tribune, inea who have been careful students of the commerce 
 of Chicago for years, and maybe depended upon implicitly. [See "Bank- 
 ing" "Board of Trade Transactions," "Manufactures," "Maritime Inter- 
 ests," etc., in their proper alphabetical order.] 
 
 Internal Revenue Receipts. — The following shows the total receipts of the 
 United States Internal Revenue office in this city for each month of 1890 and 
 1891: 
 
 Months. 
 
 1890. 
 
 189 1. 
 
 Stamps Sold. 
 
 January. .. 
 February . 
 
 $ 869,242.21 
 859,832.51 
 915,152.48 
 1,0^5,998.62 
 1,232,204.52 
 1,047,960 71 
 1.158,308.27 
 1,16\310.18 
 1,182, '95.28 
 1,363,628,64 
 1,252,192.65 
 1,311,670.26 
 
 $ 1,056,140.22 
 
 1,031,733.48 
 
 1,10 ,497.97 
 
 1,160,952.09 
 
 1,074,941.95 
 
 1,017,869.22 
 
 974,024.06 
 
 953,144.18 
 
 998,898.08 
 
 979,786.41 
 
 878,547 19 
 
 1,006,734.54 
 
 Beer stamps sold $2,232,351 .31 
 
 
 Spirit stamps sold . . 7.709,233.9 i 
 
 May 
 
 Cigar stamps sold 529,468 i I 
 
 Snuff stamps sold ... 12,386.07 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September... 
 
 Tobacco stamps sold 4,3,223.39 
 
 Cigarette stamps sold 1,548 9> 
 
 Oleomargarine stamps sold.. 666,2 3.74 
 Special stamps sold 432 480 10 
 
 November . . 
 December 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 $13,518,89 *,33 
 
 $ 12,327,359.90 
 
 
 Lumber Trade of Chicago. — The lumber trade in Chicago during 1891 
 assumed proportions not equaled in any former year. The amount of white 
 pine lumber consumed during 1891 exceeded by two hundred million feet that 
 of any previous year. It is estimated that there was consumed in 1891, 100,- 
 000,000 feet more than in 1890, which is largely due to the consumption of 
 lumber at the World's Fair, at which a close estimate places the number of 
 feet to be 50,000,000. The exact receipts of white lumber up to December 19, 
 1891, were 2,025,817,000 feet; shingles 295,804.000. The* receipts of 1890 
 were 1,935,185,000 feet of lumber; showing a difference of 180,682,000 in 
 favor of 1891, while the shingles received in 1890, were 308,875,000 greater 
 than in 1891, or in round numbers 504,680,000. While the receipts in 1891 
 were not as Wge as those in 1888, yet more lumber was handled and sold. 
 
 Output of Chicago Breweries. — The output of the Chicago breweries for 
 1891 was 3,000,000 barrels. It was the most prosperous year in the history of 
 the brewing business of this city. 
 
 COUNTY ORGANIZATION. 
 
 The government of Cook county, Illinois, is vested in a Board of 
 County Commissioners, consisting of fourteen members, elected for four 
 years, half of whom retire biennially. The salaries of these commissioners 
 amounted to $33,551 for 1892. The presiding officer is elected from their num- 
 
42 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 ber. The Board has the direction and control of all county officers, collects 
 through the County Treasurer the revenues of the county, and appropriates 
 money for the maintenances of the courts, jail, insane asylum, poor-house, 
 county hospital, court-house building, sheriff's office, county clerk's office, 
 coroner's office, etc., and has general supervision of county highways, bridges, 
 etc. The County Board is entirely independent of the City Council, although 
 the jurisdiction of the latter extends over a large portion of the county, 
 included within the corporate limits : 
 
 Cook County Court House. — Occupies the entire east half of block, 
 bounded by Washington, Dearborn, La Salle and Clark sts., in the center of 
 the business district of the South side, the west half being occupied by the 
 City Hall. This magnificent pile was erected in 1876-77 at a cost of about 
 $3,000,000, and is one of the handsomest public buildings in the county. It is 
 at present four stories in height, and two additional stories are to be added 
 during the present year at a cost of $275,000. [See "Guide."] In this 
 building are located the County, Probate and various Circuit and Superior 
 courts, the Law Library, and all the County offices, except that of the State's 
 (or prosecuting) attorney which is located in the Criminal Court building, 
 North side. 
 
 Coroners' Inquests. — The report of the Coroner of Cook County for the year 
 1891 contains the following facts: He was called upon to inquire into the deaths 
 of 1,938 persons. Of that number 399 death certificates were issued showing 
 that no inquest was necessary. Of the remainder of the deaths, 323 were 
 caused by the railroads of the county. Ninety-seven of that number were 
 citizens killed at the dangerous grade crossings; fifty-nine were employes of 
 the roads and were killed in the performance of duty; twenty-seven were 
 passengers who met death in wrecks; fifteen fell from moving trains; 122 weie 
 killed while walking on the tracks; twenty-three in attempting to jump from 
 a moving train, and one in a manner unknown. Twelve hundred and fifteen 
 of the cases were males and 284 females; 1,469 were white and only thirty 
 colored. Most of the victims, 438 were laborers; the next classes represented 
 being housewives and mechanics, of whom there were 111 each. The causes 
 of death and the number of victims are as follows: Natural causes, 63; 
 heart disease, 58; suicide, 270; drowned, 145; fell from buildings, 59; con- 
 sumption, 3; exposure, 3, fell from wagon, 40; fell from scaffold, 47; apo- 
 plexy, 5; poison accidental, 18; railroad accidents, 323; abortion, 6; infanti- 
 cide, 8; hemorrhage of lungs, 1; fell from stairs, 23; elevator accidents, 24; 
 street car accidents, 14 grip accidents, 23; convulsions, 8; burns and scalds, 
 70; old age and debility, 2; asphyxiation, 48; machinery accidents, 51; homi- 
 cide, 60; shot accidentally, 15; run over by wagon, 37; intemperance, 17; 
 pneumonia, 6; falling timber, 1; boiler explosion, 10; suffocation, 15; shot 
 (self defense), 5; sunstroke, 3; fell from horse, 1; kicked by horse, 4; struck 
 by lightning, 1; burned in private building, 11; manhole explosion, 1; total, 
 1.499. Of the 270 suicides 198 were married and 72 single; 85 were Ameri- 
 cans, the Germans coming next with 84. More suicides were committed in 
 August than in any other month, there being 29, while November had the 
 smallest number, 17. The favorite mode of taking lif was by poison, and 
 the favorite poison was morphine, 29 of the 94 poisoning cases being by the 
 "morphine route." Of the 270 suicides, 41 were adjudged insane, 85 were 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 43 
 
 actuated by despondency and 23, so said the jurors, were caused by domestic 
 infelicity. Two hundred of the cases of suicide were male. Thirteen were 
 persons between ten and twenty years old, 69 between twenty and thirty 
 years, 65 between thirty and forty years, 62 between forty and fifty years, 25 
 between sixty and seventy years, and 8 between seventy and eighty years. 
 There was one over eighty. Seventy-one persons were held to the grand jury 
 at inquests. 
 
 County Insane Asylum. — Located at Dunning, a suburb of Chicago. 
 Take train at Union depot, Canal and Adams streets. This institution is a 
 large and costly structure, surrounded by spacious grounds, far enough 
 removed from the city to make the location a quiet and healthful one. 
 Numerous additions in the way of cottage-wards have been made to relieve 
 the over-crowded condition of the main building. The current expenses of 
 1891 were: salaries, $44,111.68 ; supplies, repairs, etc., $112,006.87. During 
 1891, 516 were admitted, 238 discharged; 364 were transferred to State 
 Hospitals for the insane ; 127 died. The daily average under treatment in 
 1891 was 983. In his annual report for 1890 the Superintendent of the Insti- 
 tution made the following remarkable and cheerful statement regarding the 
 insane and the prospects of their recovery. "I would here call attention to a 
 fact, and that is where those that are insane are placed under proper treat- 
 ment in well-arranged hospitals within the first three months of the inception 
 of the disease the chances for recovery are ?bout as good as from any serious 
 bodily ailment. The average of cures when this class of disease is thus treated 
 will range as high as 60, 65 and even 70 in 100." 
 
 County Jail. — Situated in the rear of the Criminal Court building, 
 Michigan st., between Clark st. and Dearborn ave., North Side. Entrance 
 from Michigan street. Visitors admitted by permission of the sheriff. The 
 jail, like the Criminal Court building, has long since ceased to meet the 
 demands made upon it by the extraordinary growth of the city, and the con- 
 sequent and natural increase in the number of criminals. It is an old- 
 fashioned prison, built after the manner of the jails constructed in the early 
 years of the present century. It lacks every modern improvement, and will, 
 doubtless, soon be replaced by a much larger and a better structure. The 
 jail is connected with the criminal court building by a " bridge of sighs," 
 over which the culprits pass for trial and after conviction. Aside from this 
 entrance, which is never used except by deputy sheriffs and jailers in dis- 
 charge of their duties, there is but one entrance, and that is up a narrow 
 flight of steps leading from the open court between the two buildings. At 
 the head of these steps is a double iron gate, where stands the outer turnkey. 
 If he admits you, you find yourself in the jail office. On one side, as you 
 face the prison entrance, is the head-jailer's- room ; on the other, the office 
 of the jail clerk. Before going farther, you must have a permit. If you 
 secure it, you are admitted into the "Cage," an iron-bound arrangement 
 covered with several thicknesses of wire netting, through the meshes of 
 which you can hardly poke your finger. If you wish to see a prisoner, he is 
 called, and you must talk to him through this nettinsr. Here it was that the 
 "Tiger Anarchist" Lingg received from his sweetheart the dynamite cart- 
 ridge which he exploded in his mouth, killing himself, the day before that 
 set for his execution. As you look straight in front of you, with your back 
 to the jailer's door, you will see the cell in which the suicide occurred. It is 
 
44 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 on the ground floor. Along the same line of cells the Anarchists were con- 
 fined. Just above, on the next balcony, is "Murderers' Row," from which a 
 number of unfortunates have gone forth during the past twenty years to find 
 the gallows waiting for them on the other side of the cell building. The 
 cell balconies, just as you see them before you, four in number, run all 
 around this interior building. At the northeast corner of the cell building, 
 the gallows is always erected, and here the Anarchists were hanged. [See 
 " Haymarket Massacre."] There is nothing of interest to be seen inside the 
 jail, unless you have a morbid desire to witness the pale, hopeless faces of 
 the prisoners. There are four departments: Men's, Women's Boys' and 
 Debtors'. 
 
 County Poor House. — Located at Dunning, a suburb of Chicago. Take 
 train at Union depot, Canal and Adams streets. This institution is not 
 remarkable in any sense, save as the home of the most wretched class of 
 paupers of the county. It was conducted at an expense of $23,397 for 
 salaries, and $86,419.79 for supplies, repairs, etc., last year. The second 
 item also includes expenses of the County Poor Farm. 
 
 Cost of County Officers. — The following were the estimated and actual 
 receipts of county officers, over and above their own salaries, for 1890: 
 
 County Officers. 
 
 County Treasurer 
 
 Recorder of Deeds 
 
 County Clerk and Clerk County Court. 
 
 Clerk Probate Court. 
 
 Clerk Circuit Court 
 
 Clerk Superior Court 
 
 Sheriff 
 
 Clerk Criminal Court 
 
 Total 
 
 Estimated 
 Receipts 
 for Year. 
 
 $210,000 00 
 175,000 00 
 122,000 00 
 40,000 00 
 55,000 00 
 40,000 00 
 25,000 00 
 
 Actual 
 Receipts 
 ms. June 1. 
 
 S 5,641 15 
 92,025 92 
 58,432 47 
 27,000 55 
 32,9c 70 
 20,689 75 
 14,09C 72 
 1,029 80 
 
 5667,000 00 $251,850 06 
 
 Detention Hospital for the Insane. — New building corner of Wood and 
 Polk streets, West Side. Take Ogden avenue cable line. The accommoda- 
 tions for those awaiting action of the court on their sanity are much improved 
 here. 
 
 Expenses of Cook County. — Following are the estimated receipts and ex- 
 penses of Cook county (in which Chicago is situated) for the year 1892. They 
 are upon a basis of a valuation of taxable property to the amount of $282,676,- 
 167, of which $223,859,166 is for real estate, $48,795,740 for personal property 
 and $15,021,261 for railroad property, The total amount admits of receipts 
 from the tax levy at 75 cents on $100 of $2,121,075.25, of which the an.oimt 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 45 
 
 o $1,902,071.25 is available for county purposes, 
 among the various county institutions as follows : 
 
 This is to be distributed 
 
 Institutions, Etc. 
 
 Hospital 
 
 Institutions at Dunning 
 
 Insane Asylum 
 
 Poor House 
 
 Sheriff's Office 
 
 Clerk of Criminal Court 
 
 County Agent 
 
 Coroner 
 
 County Board 
 
 Comptroller 
 
 Public Service 
 
 State's Attorney 
 
 County Attorney 
 
 Superintendent of i chools 
 
 Normal School 
 
 County Physician and Detention Hospital. 
 
 County Clerk 
 
 Treasurer 
 
 Recorder 
 
 Clerk Circuit Court 
 
 Clerk Superior Court 
 
 Clerk Probate Court 
 
 Election Expenses 
 
 Total. 
 
 Salaries. 
 
 $ 62,756 
 
 15,580 
 
 55,257 
 
 23,397 
 
 219,340 
 
 29,750 
 
 25,000 
 
 19,000 
 
 33,251 
 
 12,720 
 
 11,230 
 
 22,400 
 
 6,160 
 
 4,100 
 
 25,000 
 
 7,580 
 
 14,500 
 
 6,000 
 
 12,00 ) 
 
 7,500 
 
 7,500 
 
 4.500 
 
 $624,521 
 
 Supplies, 
 Etc. 
 
 $130,000 
 240,000 
 
 60,000 
 2,000 
 
 90,0i0 
 1,U00 
 
 ' 8,666 
 
 4,000 
 
 5,000 
 10,0 
 
 1.5 
 1 ,000 
 
 7,U00 
 
 50,000 
 $619,500 
 
 The total amount of the tax levy is to be appropriated as follows : 
 
 Salaries and election expenses $ 624,521.00 I Contingent fund $ 67,475.25 
 
 Supplies, repairs, etc 6 9,500,00 | Building purposes 40U,00U 00 
 
 Interest and principal on debt. . . 219,000.00 I 
 
 Miscellaneous purposes 190,575.00 | Total $2,121,071.25 
 
 The estimated receipts from county officers, over and above the salaries 
 to be paid out of these receipts, are about as follows : 
 County treasurer. $265,000 Clerk Circuit Court 9") ,000 
 
 Recorder 225,000 
 
 County Clerk 175,000 
 
 Clerk Probate Court 80,000 
 
 Clerk Crim nal Court 2,000 
 
 Clerk Superior Court 70,000 
 
 Sheriff 25,000 
 
 Total $932,000 
 
 It is proposed to pay out of these resources, which are outside the tax 
 levy, the following salaries and expenses : 
 
 Clerk Circuit Court 46,956 
 
 Clerk Superior Court 37,000 
 
 Clerk Probate Court 48 320 
 
 Total $867,600 
 
 Jurors and witness fees, etc $150,000 
 
 Judges County and Probate courts 17,000 
 Judges Circuit and Superior courts 63,000 
 
 County treasurer 183,972 
 
 Recorder 173,830 
 
 County clerk 147,522 
 
 The synopsis of these figures show that if the expenses are kept within 
 the estimates there ought to be a surplus of $64,400 to the credit of the county 
 at the end of the present year. 
 
 Expenses of Cook County in Detail. — The County Hospital will cost only 
 $192,756 for 1892. The pay roll contains 141 employes, besidt s training 
 school nurses in twelve wards. The salary list is estimated at $62,756, and 
 the amount required for supplies and repairs is put at $130,000, The sala- 
 ries range from $166 to $15 per month. 
 
46 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 It will cost $255,580 to run the office of general superintendent of the 
 county institutions at Dunning, of which $240,000 is for supplies and $15,580 
 for the salary list, including twenty-nine employes. The general superintend- 
 ent gets $208 a month and the stenographers $25 each. 
 
 The regular pay-roll of the Insane Asylum is to include forty-two names 
 outside of the attendants. The estimate provides for eighty-four regular 
 attendants at $30 a month each, and seventeen extra attendants, when required, 
 at the same figure. The total salary list is $55,257. 
 
 The poornouse salary list is not half so large. There are sixty-five employes 
 provided for at an expense of $23,397. In both the asylum and the poornouse 
 there is a graduated scale of wages for nurses and attendants, reaching a 
 maximum of $25 for poornouse nurses and of $30 for asylum attendants, after 
 six months' service. 
 
 The sheriff's office next receives attention. There are 177 employes said 
 to be needed to run this office, at a cos of $196,740. The chief deputy receives 
 |208 a month and the chief clerk and jailer $166 each. Twenty-four deputies, 
 nineteen at $150 and five county deputies at $125 a month, draw $41,700 
 this year, while twenty-five bailiffs of the Criminal Court and thirty-eight 
 bailiffs of the other courts, at $100 a month each, will receive $75,000 by 
 next New Year's. Additional help allowed by the court for this year brings 
 the total salary list of the Sheriff's office up to $219,340. The supplies for 
 the Court-House, Jail and Criminal Court Building will, it is estimated, 
 cost $60,000. 
 
 The office of Clerk of the Criminal Court will cost $2,000 for supplies 
 and repairs aud $29,750 for salaries of twenty-two men. 
 
 The salary list of the County Agent's office is placed at $25,000, and the 
 amount needed for repairs and supplies at $90,000. The Coroner's salary 
 list is made $19,000, and the supply and repair account $1,000. 
 
 The County Board salary list is fixed at $33,251. For the County 
 Comptroller's office the salary list is $12,720, and supplies for Comptroller and 
 County Board $8,000. The office of Superintendent of Public Service will 
 cost $11,230 in salaries and $4,000 for supplies, repairs and adveitising. The 
 State's-Attorney's office salary list is $22,400, divided among the State's- 
 Attorney, five assistants and a stenographer. The sum of $5,000 is provided 
 for supplies. 
 
 The salary list of the County Attorney's office is placed at $6,160 and the 
 supply and repair account at $10,000. 
 
 For the County Superintendent of School's office $4,100 is allowed for 
 salaries and $1,500 for repairs. The Normal School salary list is put at 
 $25,000 and supplies and repairs, $11,000. For County Physician and Deten- 
 tion Hospital $7,580 is expected to be needed in salaries and' $7,000 in supplies 
 and repairs. 
 
 Judiciary of Cook County.— There is onecounty, one probate and eighteen 
 judges of the Superior and Circuit Courts. For cost of same see " Expenses 
 of Cook County." 
 
 Taxable Valuation of Cook County Property.— -The total valuation of all 
 the taxable property in Cook County is $282,676,167. The total real estate 
 valuation aggregates $223,859,166 ; personal property, $48,795,740 ; railroad 
 property, $15,021,261. 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. ^ 
 
 ELEEMOSYNARY SUPPORT. 
 
 fi Erring Woman', Befige > S^",, ' aS folI °^ 
 
 ■iwSS^te per r um °< a » -e- 
 
 an act of the general assembly , appro^d Ma y 18 uIm?/*"' aC ? ordiD * t0 
 
 ffi>«*« o/tte GWrf Shevherd tm I . ' force Ju] y L 1887. 
 
 of certain fines impofed bf t h ^Hc e cS "f" "^ rCCeiTeS a P er c "turn 
 
 assembly, approved March 31 1869 ' accoral °g to act of the general 
 
 ^S-^Srt^ '<• A- collected 
 animals, according to an act of III ° * tbe P rev ention of cruelty to 
 
 1885, in force July 1, 1885 ffeneral asse ^Wy, approved June 28? 
 
 Pofoc« Pension Fund —This fim^ ^»- 
 receive d ;fro m Senses for saloons or draSS? t PC ? „ Centum ° f aU mone ^ 
 eys re Cei ved for licenses granted pa w^ 0D ? V^f f n° gtax ' ^ of a11 ^oi 
 licenses granted second-htnd dealers V of P *W 4 f aH mone ^ s received for 
 eys for licenses granted junk dealers l'3\ m™ mone / s rec ^ed from mou- 
 sing concealed weapons- i/of nlf ^fneys collected for fees for car 
 nances, according t an act of th? L C n °" t8 , CoIIect ? d for violation of city ordi" 
 m force July 1, f 887 * gGneral assem bly, approved April 29 1887 : 
 
 collS 
 
 FEDERAL REPRESENTATION. 
 
 ^ttlZXT^tlll ^^ Pe , deraI g °— »< are repre- 
 judge) and District I^wZJTLZT^i^ (WaUer * Gresi ^. 
 U. S. District Attorney, TJ. sSSn*? n ° fflCerS ' lndndin * *« 
 lectorof Customs, the Collector of Imern»t w ° 0mmissio ^; ^ the Col- 
 and minor officers. temal Reven ««. the U. S. Sub-Treasurer 
 
 CWfe<2 States Courts.— The TTnitori a.„. n 
 
 occasions. The court sS^ed in^n n t Ite & Stetes sits hewafc, on stated 
 c erk W. H. Bradley. T ie Unftefi 8w5Tc^ t C " W^'?™"') buildfngl 
 
 k^eTC^^^ 
 
 Appraiser, U. 8. dK^ZSv ^i w^"' U ' S ' Treasury US 
 -tug Stations. V . S . I^^^lL^^^^^^ 
 
48 CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 Hospital, U. S. Marshal. U. S. Pension Agent, Superintendent of U. S. Secret 
 Service, U. S. Signal Officer and U. S. Lighthouse Inspector. The offices of 
 all of these, excepting the appraiser's (210 Market street) and the IT. S. Signal 
 offices (seventeenth floor of the Auditorium building), are located in the post- 
 office building. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The fire department of Chicago is generally acknowledged to be the best 
 equipped and most efficient in the United States, which means that it is the best 
 equipped and most efficient in the world, for the firemen of this country are 
 called upon to be prepared for and to meet emergencies which do not rise in 
 the cities of Europe. The Chicago corps have been brought up to its present 
 high standard of discipline and efficiency by the two chief marshals — who 
 have had charge of the department since the great fire of 1871 — Benner and 
 Swenie. The former retired from the service about ten years ago, after re- 
 organizing the department upon a basis which has served as a foundation for 
 the growth and character it has since attained. Marshal Swenie was Mr. 
 Benner's chief assistant, and was largely instrumental in suggesting and 
 carrying out many of the reforms, ideas and improvements that characterized 
 the latter's administration. Since the succession of Marshal Swenie the 
 department has quadrupled its machinery and its forces. In Mr. Benner's 
 time Chicago was a city covering an area of less than forty square miles, 
 with a population of about 500,000. Now the city covers an area of 181 
 square miles and a population of 1,250,000. The following information will 
 give the visitor an idea of the strength and workings of the fire department: 
 
 Alarms and Losses, 189 1. — There were 4, 570 fire alarms during 1891 against 
 3733 in 1890, an increase of 837. The total value of property involved was 
 $L15,823,005, while in 1890 it was $95,147,058, being an increase of $20,675,- 
 947. The total loss in 1891 was $3,157,348, while in 1890 it was $2,047,736, an 
 increase over 1890 of $1,109,612. The total insurance was $59,526,210 in 1891, 
 and in 1890 $44,083,330, an increase of $15,442,880 in favor of 1891. 
 
 City Telegraph and Electric Lights. — The police and fire telegraph and 
 telephone system and Uie electric lighting service are in charge of the city 
 electrician. 
 
 Equipment and Force. — The fire department of Chicago (1892) consists 
 of 970 men and officers, 72 steam fire engines, 22 chemical fire engines, 99 hose 
 carts, 28 hook and ladders trucks, 1 water tower, 3 fire boats (tor river and 
 harbor service, and for work along the river sides on buildings, warehouses, 
 lumber yards, etc., adjacent), 99 apparatus stations, 421 "horses, and an 
 extensive and well equipped repair shop. As an auxiliary to the department 
 there are 1,935 stations, provided with necessary instruments and several 
 thousand miles of wire, by which alarm of fire may be communicated. 
 
 Headquarters and Organization. — The headquarters of the Chicago Fire 
 Department are ^located in the City Hall. Following is the organization : 
 
2 
 2 
 w 
 
 H 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 49 
 
 Fire Marshal and Chief of Brigade, D. J. Swenie ; First Assistant Fire Mar- 
 shal and Department Inspector, William H. Musham ; Second Assistant 
 Fire Marshal, John H. Gale ; Department Secretary, Charles S. Petrie ; 
 Fire Inspector, Michael W. Conway ; Chiefs of Battalions : 1st, Patrick 
 O'Malley ; 2d, Frederick I. Ries ; 3d, Peter Schnur ; 4th, Paul F. A. Pundt ; 
 5th, John Campion ; 6th, Joseph C. Pazen ; 7th, James Heaney ; 8th, 1 eo. 
 Meyers ; 9th, William H. Townsend ; 10th, Nicholas Dubach ; 11th, John 
 Fitzgerald ; 12th, Edward W. Murphy ; 13th, Frederick J. Gabriel. Each 
 Engine and Hook and Ladder Company is commanded by a Captain and 
 Lieutenant, and the officers and men of the 99 apparatus stations are divided 
 into 13 Batalions, under command of the Chiefs mentioned above. [See 
 "Municipal Government " for salaries.] 
 
 Insurance Patrol. — Established in 1871, by the underwriters of the city, 
 for the protection of property, merchandise, etc. and the recovery of sal- 
 vage from the interior of burning buildings. There are five Fire Patrol sta- 
 tions, as follows: No. 1, 176 Monroe st. Captain George Furnald, 16 men; 
 No. 2, 210 Peoria st., West Side, Captain Charles W. O'Neill, 10 men; No. 3, 
 Dearborn and Twenty -third sis., Captain Frederick Harbunm 7 men; No. 4, 
 Forty-third street and Center ave., Captain Frank Whitmore, 6 men; No. 5, 
 now organizing, will be located at No. 60 Whiting st,, with a force of 7 men, 
 E. T. Shepard, Superintendent. Patrol Station No. 1 is located on Monroe 
 st., between La Salle street and Fifth ave., and is the most accessible to visi- 
 tors. The horses and men are trained to perfection and the operation of 
 responding to an alarm is one of the most interesting things to be seen in 
 Chicago. The Patrol Service, or Salvage Corps, are generally first at a fire, 
 employing fast horses and light equipment, and they save a vast amount of 
 property annually. 
 
 Location of Stations. — The Engine Houses near the centre of the city, and 
 within easy access of visitors, are located as follows: No. 1. 271 Fifth ave.., 
 wholesale district; No. 10. 82 Pacific ave., near Board of Trade and /an 
 Buren St. depot: No. 13, 19 Dearborn st., near bridge; No. 32, foot of Mon- 
 roe st., No. 37 (river fire boat), foot of La Salle st. ; No. 40, 8° South Frank- 
 lin st., near Telephone building. The visitor, should an alaC Jpen to be 
 signalled, will be interested in the perfect training and discipline exhibited 
 by men and horses. 
 
 Pension Fund. — Fireman are retired on half-pay after continuous service 
 of 20 years, tbe fund for this purpose being established ard maintained by 
 percentage of certain municipal revenues. [See Eleemosynary Support.] 
 The firemen also have a Benevolent Society which cares for disabled mem- 
 bers, and the widows and orphans of members. It is in a prosperous 
 condition. 
 
 GENERAL INFORMATION. 
 
 Annexation. — On the 28th of June, 1889, the city embraced about forty- 
 four square miles of territory. On the day following, by vote of the people, 
 the city of Lake View and the towns of Hyde Park, Lake, Jefferson and 
 Cicero, aggregating 128.24 square miles of territory and about 220,000 people, 
 were annexed to and became part of Chicago, thus constituting one great 
 
50 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 metropolis, extending twenty-four miles from ncrth to south, and from four 
 and one-half to ten and one-half milts from east to west. The validity of 
 the proceedings resulting in the annexation was confirmed by the Supreme 
 Court, October 29, 1889. By this extraordinary consolidation, six independ- 
 ent municipal corporations — each having a legislative, and executive depart- 
 ment of government, each controlled and operated under more or less 
 different systems and methods of conducting public affairs — were merged 
 into one municipality, under the authority and control of one city govern- 
 ment. DuriDg the year 1890, there were annexed to the city four 
 suburbs — South Englewood, area, 2.92 square miles, population 3,000; 
 Gano, 1.80 square miles, population 2,600; Washington Heights, 2.8 square 
 miles, population 3,315; West Roseland, 1.80 square miles, population 792; 
 making a total annexation for the year of 9.32 square miles, with a popu- 
 lation of 9,900. Fernwood was also added. 
 
 Area of Chicago. — Chicago has grown from 2.55 square miles in 1835 to 
 181.70 square miles in 1891, as follows: 
 
 February 11, 1835, ori ginal tow n 
 
 March 4, 1837, there was added 
 
 February 16, 1847, there was added 
 
 February 12, 1853, there was added 
 
 February 13, 1863, there was added 
 
 February 27, 1864, there was added 
 
 May 16, 1887, there was added 
 
 November and December 5, 1887, thei e was added . 
 
 July 29, 1889, there was added 
 
 April 16, 1890, village of G no added 
 
 1890, South Englewood added 
 
 1890, Washington Heights 
 
 1891' West Homeland • 
 
 SQUARE MILES. 
 
 8.15 mak'ng 
 3.33 making 
 3.90 making 
 6.48 making 
 11.35 making 
 1.00 making 
 7.15 making 
 128.24 making 
 2 00 making 
 2.98 making 
 2.80 making 
 1.80 making 
 
 2.55 
 
 10.7J 
 
 14.13 
 
 17.93 
 
 24.41 
 
 35.79 
 
 36.79 
 
 43.94 
 
 172.18 
 
 174.18 
 
 177.16 
 
 179.96 
 
 181.70 
 
 Of the present area 5.14 square miles are water, 176.56 land. The city 
 is divided into 34 wards, each covering a territory as follows: 
 
 First ward 1.75 square miles 
 
 Second ward 1.5 square miles 
 
 Third ward 1.5 square miles 
 
 Fourth ward 1.75 square miles 
 
 Fifth ward 1.5 square miles 
 
 Sixth ward 2.75 square miles 
 
 Seventh ward 0.75 square mile 
 
 Eighth ward 0.75 square mile 
 
 Ninth ward 1.5 square miles 
 
 Tenth ward 1.5 square miles 
 
 Eleventh ward 1.25 square miles 
 
 Twelfth ward 3.00 square miles 
 
 Thirteenth ward 3.00 square nrles 
 
 Fourteenth ward 3.00 square miles 
 
 Fifteenth ward 3.25 square miles 
 
 Sixteenth ward 0.75 square mile 
 
 Seventeenth ward 0.75 square mile 
 
 Eighteenth ward 0.75 square mile 
 
 Nineteenth ward 0.75 square mile 
 
 Twentieth ward 1 .00 square mile 
 
 Twenty-first ward. . . 1.00 square mile 
 Twenty-second ward.. 0.75 square mile 
 
 Twenty-third ward 0.75 square mile 
 
 Twenty-fourth ward.. 1.00 square mile 
 
 Twenty-fifth ward 5.00 square miles 
 
 Twenty-sixth ward . . 5.75 square miles 
 Twenty-seventh ward. 29. 5 square miles 
 Twenty-eighth ward. ..7X0 square miles 
 
 Twenty-ninth ward 6.00 Square miles 
 
 Thirtieth ward 12.00 square miles 
 
 Thirty-first ward 18.00 square miles 
 
 Thirty-second ward. . .3.75 square miles 
 
 Thirty-third ward 28.5 square miles 
 
 Thirty- fourth ward... 2/. 00 squaie miles 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 51 
 
 Bridewell, or House of Correction. — This is the city prison and is generally 
 known as the Bridewell, a name which it derived from the Bridewell of Dub- 
 lin, Ireland, to which it bears a similarity in many respects. The manage- 
 ment is vested in a superintendent, appointed by the mayor. The expendi- 
 tures for salaries and maintenance and construction are about $125,000 per 
 annum; the receipts from police court fines, brick made by inmates inside the 
 walls, labor of prisoners, laundry work for police department, etc., amounts 
 to about $60,000 per annum. The number of prisoners committed to the 
 Bridewell annually is about 9,000, of whom about seven-eighths are male. 
 The average number of prisoners confined is about 760 males and 40 females. 
 The cost of the prison to the city of Chicago, as it stands to-day, is about 
 $1,500,000. The prisoners are employed in brick-making ani other indus- 
 tries. County prisoners are also sent here, for whose support the city is paid 
 about 30 cents per capita daily. The Bridewell is situated at South Califor- 
 nia avenue, near West Twenty-sixth street, West Side, and may be reached 
 by Blue Island Avenue cars. Mark L. Crawford is the superintendent. 
 
 Bridges and Viaducts. — As the Chicago river is navigable for lake vessels, 
 and it, with its branches, intersects the heart of the city, a large number of 
 bridges have been required. jSo less than forty-five now span this small 
 stream. Nearly all are swinging bridges, and many of them are operated by 
 steam. Steel construction has been employed in the bridges most recently 
 erected. Among these, the Adams street bridge is a notable structure. It is 
 a 4-track bridge, 259 feet long on center truss, and 57 feet in width. This 
 bridge is two feet three inches lower at the east end than at the west end, and, 
 at the same time is reversible, the turn-table track being set on a grade of one 
 in 115. Some doubts were expressed as to its feasibility when the plan was 
 proposed, but the city engineers say that no bridge in the city works better 
 than this one. The Rush street draw is one of the longest in the world. The 
 Lake, Wells and Jackson street bridgesare handsome structures. The present 
 bridge at Madison street is to be moved to Washington street, and one of the 
 finest bridges in the city erected in its place, which will probably be com- 
 pleted this year. 
 
 The railroads entering the city do so in but few instances above or below 
 the street livel. Grade-crossings are the rule. Engineers have long^ sought 
 to remedy this state of affairs, which will probably be accomplished in time; 
 but. meanwhile, some relief is being provided at the most dangerous crossings 
 by the erection of viaducts. There are thirty-five of these structures in the 
 city, the longest and finest of which is on Twelfth street, extending from 
 Clark street to Wabash avenue, crossing the tracks of the Atchison, Topeka 
 and Santa Fe Railroad Company, and costing $209,736. 
 
 Geographical Center of Chicago. — The geographical center of the present 
 city of Chicago is located at the intersection of Ashland avenue and Thirty- 
 ninth street. 
 
 Health of the City. — There was not a single case of smell-pox in Chicago 
 during the year 1891. The physician of the Health Department during that 
 period vaccinated 20,809 persons. The vital statistics for 1890 were based 
 upon a population of 1,100,000. During the present year they are based 
 upon a population of 1,250,000. Said Healtfi Commissioner Ware, at the 
 beginning of 1892 : "The health of the city has been good and very satisfac* 
 
52 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 tory to us. Our mortality for every month of the year was remarkably low." 
 The report of the Health Department for 1891 shows that there were 27,754 
 deaths in the city during the year, making a percentage, based upon a popula- 
 tion of 1,250,000, of 22.20 per 1,000. Of the deaths 12,801 were children under 
 five years of age, a percentage of 46.29 ; and 5 over one hundred years. The 
 giipp; directly caused but 336 deaths, but pneumonia and other complica- 
 tions with the deadly influenza swelled the number of victims of this class of 
 diseases. Pneumonia carried off 2,898 ; consumption 2.120 ; bronchitis, 1,495; 
 typhoid fever, 1 997 ; accidents, 1,158; diphtheria, 958 ; croup, 400; scarlet 
 fever, 499; malarial fever, 143; whooping cough, 194; suicide, 246; 
 delirium tremens. 148 ; hydrophobia, 4. The total deaths from tubercular 
 diseases was 2,421. 
 
 Lake and River Frontage. — The city has a frontage on Lake Michigan of 
 twenty-two miles and a river frontage of about fifty-eight miles, twenty- 
 two and one-half miles of which are navigable. 
 
 Lakes and Rivers. — There are three lakes within the present city limits 
 containing an area of 4,095. 6 acres, as follows: Calumet Lake 3122 acres, Hyde 
 Lake 330.8 acres, the portion of Wolf Lake lying within the city limits 642.8 
 acres. Of these Calumet and Wolf are navigable. There are two rivers within 
 the corporate limits; the Chicago river, with north and south branches, which 
 divide the city into districts known, respectively, as the North, South and 
 West " Divisions" or "Sides"— and the Calumet river, with Big and Little 
 Calumet rivers, which penetrate the extreme southern part of the city. 
 
 Length and Width of Chicago. — The distance between north Seventy-first 
 street, being the northern city limits, and One Hundred and Thirty-ninth 
 street, being the southern city limits, is twenty-four miles. The city at its 
 broadest pomt is 10.5 miles in width. State street has the greatest extension 
 north and south, running from North avenue to the southern city limits, 
 eighteen milts; Eighty-seventh the greatest western extension, running the 
 entire width of the city. 
 
 Marriage Licenses. — The number of licenses issued in Chicago in 1891 was 
 15,400, or nearly 1,200 more than issued in the previous year, when 12,850 
 was considered a high number. In January, 1,258 licenses were issued; Feb- 
 ruary showed 927 licenses; March, 893; April, 1,369; May, 1,284; June, 1,441; 
 July, 108.); August, 1,206; September, 1,532; Ootober, 1,613; November, 1,513; 
 December, 1.250. The rather delicate and sometimes embarrassing question 
 regarding ihe ; g? s of the contracting parties was answered with all the num- 
 bers from 14 to «6. In twenty instances the bride had just passed 14 years, 
 while the ages oi ihe groon s ranged between 17 and 20 years. During the 
 summer months the number of applicants under the age of majority reached 
 300. At an average of two tim< sa day the "pa" or the " ma" had to give 
 their consent. Never in the hisiory of Chicago have .-0 many people in their 
 advanced age re-entered the connubial life as in the latter part of 1891, the 
 records showing nearly 100 couples respectively between 55-65 and 50-60. 
 The oldest man was 80 and is still alive; next comes one at 82, manied a few 
 days ago, r?nd finally a comparatively young fellow of 77. The oldest maid 
 was 68, while the oldest widow was 62, 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 53 
 
 Mileage of Streets. — The annexation of Gxno, Washington Heights, West 
 Roseland ana part of Calumet, has extended the number of miles of streets in 
 ( hicago to 2,235.71, divided as follows: 
 
 
 IMPROVED. 
 
 UNIMPROVED 
 
 
 438.28 
 1*5.07 
 49.09 
 56 05 
 
 ?30.80 
 
 HydeP.rk 
 
 416.87 
 
 Lake 
 
 L • ke View 
 
 298.00 
 
 75.48 
 
 24 -'.28 
 
 
 
 84.79 
 
 Gano, Washington Heights, etc 
 
 
 119.00 
 
 Totals 
 
 668.49 
 
 1,567.22 
 
 Morgue. — Situated in the rear of the County Hospital, near the Polk 
 street side. Take Harrison street or Ogden avenue car. Ten bodies, on an 
 average, are picked up in the streets of Chicago every day. Besides these, 
 morgue accommodations are necessary for many of those who die in the 
 county and other hospitals, police stations, etc. The inside measures 40x46^ 
 feet, and the entire affair, with offices, etc., cost about $18,000. All bodies 
 are disinfected and frozen by the carbolic acid process before being placed on 
 view. 
 
 Natural Gas Supply. —Natural gas for fuel purposes will be conveyed to 
 and used in Chicago extensively before the close of 1892. 
 
 Poverty in Chicago. — Notwithstanding the great prosperity of the people 
 as a whole, poverty is to be found in Chicago as well as elsewhere. Mu- 
 nicipal charity in Chicago has risen to the dignity of an applied science. 
 Through the refuse of alleys, up the trembling stairs of tenements, and into 
 the hovels of want and misery a force of men and women daily goes, 
 carrying food for the hungry, warm clothing for the naked, coals for the 
 needy, and medicine for the sick. From November until April, Cook 
 County gives away 200 sacks of flour, forty pairs of shoes, and fifty tons of 
 coal every day. Relief of the deserving poor involves not alone the dis- 
 covery and proper aid of the unfortunates, but is attended with a constant 
 warfare against the idle and vicious. Agents of the Visitation and Aid 
 society, the Relief and Aid society, the German Aid society, the Hebrew Aid 
 society, and St. Vincentde Paul's daily seek the sick and needy, but their work 
 is only of a semi-public nature. From the office of the county agent, at 36 
 West Madison street, there are sent twenty-seven men and three women, who 
 investigate the condition of those reported to be in want and who, by reason 
 of their familiarity with neighborhoods and individuals, are able to insure a 
 wise bestowal of public charity. 
 
 Revenues and Disbursements of the City for 1801. — The following shows 
 in detail the revenues and disbursements of the city of Chicago for the year 
 ending December 31, 1891, as reported by the city treasurer. Receipts: 
 balance January 1, 1891, $567,555; general taxes,1890, $9,199,796; water fund, 
 $4,456,286; sewerage fund, 1891, $171,733; department publishing works, 
 1891, $692,897; school tax fund, 1890, $15,000; school tax fund, 1891, $336,- 
 
54 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 643; street lamp fund, 1891, $97,855; first district police court, $27,692; sec- 
 ond district police court, $7,1. [ J- third district police court, $11,093; fourth 
 district police court, $6,247; fiftli district police court, $5,943; sixth district 
 police court, $5,131; seventh district police court, $4,343; eighth district 
 police court, $3,225; ninth district police court, $2,828; tenth district police 
 court, $2,924; special assessments and deposit fund, $6,407,394; school fund, 
 $2,400,440; house of correction, 1891, $61,812; city markets, 4,792; pounds, 
 $3,556; wharfing interests, $1,219; Jonathan Burr fund, $1,722; general 
 fund, 1891, $1,474,805; licenses, $3,b82,453; rents, $27,495; refunding loan 
 account, $690,700; police department, fund 1891, $31,294; fire department 
 fund, 1891, $6,755; public library fund, 1891, $6,928; health department fund, 
 1891, $161; contingent fund, 1891, $3; fees, $1,550; Harrison and Tree fund, 
 $48; tax deeds in 1873, $63; special tax purchases in 1878, $6; tax purchases 
 in 1875, $34; tax purchases in 1887, $70; forfeitures, 1889 ard prior, $259; 
 police life and health insurance fund, $200— $29,550,560, total, $30,118,115. 
 Disbursements: Special assessments and deposit fund, $6,214,880; water 
 fund, $3,888,043- school fund, $2,399,220; geneial fund, 1889, $10,264; gen- 
 eral fund, 1890, $5,222; general fund 189i, $1,982,960; fire fund, 1890, $17,950; 
 fire fund, 1891, $1,380,109; police fund, 1890, $2,511; police fund, 1891, 
 $2,621,182'; house of correction, 1890, $653; house of correction, 1891, $92,- 
 504; health department, 1890, $3,361; health department 1891, $454,276; school 
 tax, 1890, $23,479; school tax, 1891, $4,264,016; public library, 1890, $2,499; 
 public library, 1891, $100,500; street lamps, 1890, $3,841; streei lamps, 1891, 
 $761,223; sewerage, 1890, $17,864; sewerage, 1891, $546,874; department of 
 public works, 1890,409,203; department of public works, 1891, $2,319,471; 
 contingent, 1890, $583, contingent, 1891, 17,239, Jonathan Buir, $1,726; 
 police life and health, $421; interest account, 1891, $546,438; Chicago and 
 south side "L" railway, $100,000; Town of Lake, special, $1,052. Town of 
 Lake, general, $117; Hyde Park, special, $2,540-, Hyde Park, general, $52; 
 Lake View, special, $672; Lake View, general, $29; Jefferson, special, $26; 
 ger,er*l sinking fund, $50; school tax annexed territory, $27. Total, $28,- 
 149,393; balance in treasury December 31, 1891, $1,968,722. Total, $30,118,- 
 115. 
 
 Tenement House and Factory Inspection. — During 1891 the Tenement 
 House and Factory Inspection Department examined 8,731 new buildings 
 in course of construction; 15,577 buildings and houses, containing 95,261 per- 
 sons; 19,429 workshops with 404,760 employes; served 9,702 notices; abated 
 9,134 nuisances; 2,162 cases of defective plumbing, and 711 cases of defective 
 drainage. 
 
 Topography of Chicago.— The city of Chicago is level but not flat. There 
 are considerable rises here and there, the most noticeable being the ridge 
 which traverses the southern portion, west of Hyde Park, to the Indiana line. 
 All difficulties in the way of sewering have been overcome long since by skill- 
 ful engineering. The Chicago river which originally emptied into, now flows 
 out of the lake. The sewerage is carried by the river, in great part, to a canal 
 which conducts it through the interior. It finally finds its way into the Illi- 
 nois and Mississippi rivers. The drainage of the city is an interesting subject, 
 and the plans for future work in this connection are of great magnitude and 
 involve the expenditure of many millions. [See "Ship and Drainage 
 Canals," with map.] 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 55 
 
 Uniting City and County. — The question of uniting the city of Chicago 
 and the county of Cook under one government, is being seriously considered 
 at present. A constitutional amendment with this end in view will probably 
 be submitted to a vote of the people at the next general election in 1892. 
 
 Water Supply. — The city, at present, is supplied with 22 pumping engines 
 of various types and power, representing a total engine capacity for delivering 
 daily 260.000,000 gallons of water. From measurements obtained, there was 
 pumped during the year a daily average of over 154,000,000 gallons, which is 
 nearly 60 per cent, of the total capacity of the pumping power of the engines 
 now in use. [See " Water Works."] 
 
 JOBBING AND WHOLESALE BUSINESS. 
 
 The jobbing and wholesale business of Chicago amounted to 1517,166,000 
 in 1891. Of this, the dry goods trade alone amounted to $98,416,000 or 
 nearly one-fifth. The following statement exhibits the business transacted in 
 the various lines of trade, compared with previous years: 
 
 
 
 1891. 
 
 1890. 
 
 Dry Goods and Carpets 
 
 S 98.416,000 
 
 56,< 00,000 
 
 39,000,000 
 
 17, 001 ',(00 
 
 23,600,* 00 
 
 27,tf 0,000 
 
 7,600,000 
 
 6,000.010 
 
 8,000,000 
 
 7,000,000 
 
 11,500,' 00 
 
 5,500,000 
 
 4,500,000 
 
 4,300,100 
 
 4,500,000 
 
 1.750,000 
 
 ^,000,000 
 
 7,800,000 
 
 625,000 
 
 22 000,000 
 
 28,01 0,000 
 
 5,500,000 
 
 20,500,000 
 
 26,000,(00 
 
 19,225,000 
 
 3,500,000 
 
 15,000,000 
 
 25,000,0^0 
 
 2.750,000 
 
 6,000.000 
 
 4,500,(00 
 
 6,0(10,000 
 
 $93,730,000 
 
 Groceries 
 
 56,700,000 
 
 Lumber 
 
 Manufactured Iron 
 
 36,900,000 
 15,580,01 
 
 Clothing 
 
 21,500,000 
 
 Boots and Shoes 
 
 Drugs and Chemicals 
 
 25,900,000 
 7,100,000 
 
 Crockery and Glassware 
 
 HatsandCaps 
 
 Millinery 
 
 5,500,000 
 7,000,000 
 7,000,01 
 
 Tobacco and Cigars 
 
 10,850,000 
 
 Fresh and Salt Fish, Oysters and Salmon 
 
 Oils 
 
 Dried Fruits 
 
 BuiMing Materials 
 
 5,460,000 
 4,000,000 
 4.300.000 
 4,468,000 
 
 Furs , 
 
 1,500,0( 
 
 Carriages 
 
 1,850,000 
 
 Pianos, Organs and Musical Instruments 
 
 7,200,000 
 
 Music-books and Sheet Music 
 
 Books, Stationery and Wall Paper 
 
 575,000 
 22,000,(0" 
 
 Paper 
 
 25,500.000 
 
 Paper Stock 
 
 5,000,000 
 
 Pig Iron 
 
 Coal 
 
 Hardware and Cutlery 
 
 Wooden and Willow Ware 
 
 20,035,000 
 25,075,0: 
 17,500,000 
 3,163,(00 
 
 Liquors 
 
 13,8(0,000 
 
 Jewelry, Watches and Diamonds 
 
 20,400,000 
 
 Leather and Findings 
 
 2,520,000 
 
 Pig Lead and Copper ...... 
 
 Iron Ore 
 
 5,666,00J 
 4,000,000 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 5,085,000 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 $517,166,000 
 
 $486,600,000 
 
 
 
 Total in 1«90. 
 Total in 1SS9. 
 
 $486,600,0T0 
 . 448,165,000 
 
56 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Export Trade of Chicago. — The following is the merchandise entered for 
 export, with benefit of drawback, at the port of Chicago during the year 1891. 
 
 Packages and Contents 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 89 \676 packages canned meats. . . 
 
 1 7,446 packages salted meats — 
 
 16,075 bales binder twine 
 
 Total. 
 
 54,877,719 lbs 
 21,224,440 lbs 
 1,128,468 lbs 
 
 Articles and Quantities Amo'nt of 
 Entitled to Drawback. Drawb'k. 
 
 Tinplate 8,735,992 lbs 
 
 Salt 4,808,475 lbs 
 
 Hemp 1,128,468 lbs 
 
 $89,931.81 
 4,0>0.45 
 7,693.76 
 
 $101,645.02 
 
 Import Trade of Chicago. — Following is a list of the merchandise imported 
 to Chicago during the year 1891. 
 
 Commodities. 
 
 Ale, beer, and porter, pkgs. . 
 
 Art material, pkgs 
 
 Anvils, No . 
 
 Beans and peas, bags 
 
 Berries, brls. 
 
 Bedsteads, pkgs 
 
 Bicycles, pkgs 
 
 Bitters, cases 
 
 Bleaching powder, pkgs 
 
 Books, cases 
 
 Bottles, empty, pkgs 
 
 Brandy, liquors, pkgs 
 
 Bricks, casks 
 
 Caustic soda, pkgs 
 
 Canned goods, cases 
 
 Cement, pkgs 
 
 Champagne, cases 
 
 Cheese, pkgs 
 
 China, pkgs 
 
 Cocoanut oil, pipes 
 
 Cocoa, pkgs .... 
 
 Cigars, cases 
 
 Cotf ee, bags. 
 
 Corkwood, bales 
 
 Currants, pkgs 
 
 Cutlery, pkgs 
 
 Dry goods, pkgs 
 
 Druggist sundries, pkgs 
 
 Ext. of meat, cases 
 
 Effects, pkgs., 
 
 Earthenware, pkgs 
 
 Feathers, bales 
 
 Figs and dates, pkgs 
 
 Firearms, pkgs.. 
 
 Fish, pkgs 
 
 Fullers earth, bags. 
 
 Furniture, pkgs : 
 
 Gin, pkgs 
 
 Glass, window, pkgs 
 
 Glassware, pkgs 
 
 Glue, pkgs.. 
 
 Grease, pkgs 
 
 Hardware, pkgs 
 
 Instruments, scientific, cases 
 
 Japan, goods, pkgs 
 
 Iron and steel, mf d., pkgs 
 
 Jewelers' sundries, pkgs 
 
 Quantities. 
 
 4,284 
 
 22n 
 
 1,643 
 
 2,411 
 
 2,384 
 
 6,873 
 
 510 
 
 142 
 
 673 
 
 600 
 
 1,001 
 
 5,739 
 
 7.118 
 
 3,968 
 
 6,150 
 
 17,668 
 
 2,978 
 
 974 
 
 1,765 
 
 170 
 
 8,172 
 
 1,966 
 
 5,289 
 
 3,679 
 
 2,000 
 
 119 
 
 17,649 
 
 1,500 
 
 190 
 
 663 
 
 16,572 
 
 •^71 
 
 13,763 
 
 129 
 
 52,070 
 
 3,744 
 
 •30 
 
 2,763 
 
 2,730 
 
 562 
 
 118 
 
 775 
 
 585 
 
 152 
 
 3,610 
 
 2,148 
 
 232 
 
 Commodities. 
 
 Lemons, pkgs 
 
 Lumber, m.. 
 
 Machinery, pkgs 
 
 Macaroni, pkgs 
 
 Marble and granite, pkgs. 
 
 Marble Slabs, No 
 
 Mf . Metal, cases 
 
 Millinery, cases 
 
 Musical goods, cases 
 
 Nuts, pkgs 
 
 Olive oil, pkgs 
 
 Oxide of iron, tons 
 
 Paints and colore, pkgs. . . 
 
 Paintings, cases 
 
 Paper, pkgs. 
 
 Phosphate, cars 
 
 Pickles, pkgs 
 
 Posts, Cedar, No 
 
 Plants and bulbs, cases 
 
 Potash, pkgs 
 
 Prunes, pkgs 
 
 Raisins, pkgs 
 
 Rice, bags 
 
 Salt, sacks 
 
 Sausage Csgs., pkgs 
 
 Seed, pkgs 
 
 Skins, pkgs 
 
 Soda Ash, pkgs 
 
 Stat'ry and Brnzs, pkgs . . 
 
 Smokers articles, cases 
 
 Sugar refined, brls 
 
 Sugar, Maple, pkgs 
 
 Tar and Pitch, pkgs 
 
 Tea, pkgs 
 
 Ties Railroad, No 
 
 Tiles, pkgs . 
 
 Tinplate, boxes 
 
 Tobacco, bales 
 
 Toys, cases 
 
 Type metal, pigs 
 
 Water, Mineral, pkgs 
 
 Whisky, pkgs 
 
 Wine, pkgs 
 
 Wire rope, coils 
 
 Wood Mfd, pkgs 
 
 Miscellaneous, pkgs 
 
 Quantities. 
 
 15,010 
 
 16,869 
 
 255 
 
 6,419 
 
 2,215 
 
 22,641 
 
 2,082 
 
 991 
 
 2,345 
 
 6,932 
 
 2,246 
 
 482 
 
 2,078 
 
 J 55 
 
 1,266 
 
 II 
 
 3,553 
 
 258,210 
 
 963 
 
 472 
 
 4,420 
 
 27,940 
 
 19,906 
 
 149,481 
 
 326 
 
 2,028 
 
 440 
 
 2,346 
 
 2^3 
 
 1,385 
 
 83.590 
 
 J, 978 
 
 2,6<3 
 
 241,727 
 
 113,620 
 
 1,199 
 
 330,702 
 
 4,827 
 
 1,187 
 
 4,874 
 
 685 
 
 3,789 
 
 16,992 
 
 62 
 
 1,987 
 
 303 
 

^mmi. 
 
 ' "'r' r " : - •" v •" ' 
 
 J ; >4,„ 
 
 [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.' 1 ] 
 
 THE INDIAN GROUP, LINCOLN PARK. 
 
 [See " Lincoln Park."] 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 7 
 
 Iron and Steel Market.— During the last few years a large number of 
 manufacturers, who use large quantities of ircn and steel, have been located 
 in Chicago, and the home consumption of this material is probably the largest 
 of any point in the United States; besides this, the Chicago jobbers have sold 
 an unusually large tonnage for shipment to all points in the west and north- 
 west, so that it must be conceded that Chicago takes first place in the United 
 States as an iron and steel market, it being well known that whenever manu- 
 facturers are overstocked with any material in this line, they usually come to 
 Chicago to dispose of their surplus. 
 
 MANUFACTURES OF CHICAGO. 
 
 The manufactures of Chicago keep pace with the growth of population 
 and commerce. There were 3.307 manufacturing firms in this Aty in 1891, 
 agaiost 3,250 in 1890; the caoital employed in manufactures in 1891 was $210,- 
 302,000, against $190,000,000 in 1890, the number of workers employed in 
 manufacturing in Chicago in 1891 was 180,870, against 177,500 in 1890; the 
 wages paid by manufacturers in 1891 amounted to $104,904,000 against $96,- 
 200,000, in 1890, and the value of the product of Chicago manufactories in 
 1891 was $567,012,300, against $538,000,000, in 1890. 
 
 Brewing, Distilling and Tobacco. 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 Industries. 
 
 No. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Wkrs. 
 
 Product. 
 
 Breweries 
 
 •42 
 34 
 84 
 23 
 
 930 
 
 $11,500,000 
 
 4,000,000 
 
 5,250,000 
 
 900,000 
 
 1,750,000 
 
 2,000 
 700 
 
 1,000 
 900 
 
 2,600 
 
 $13,200,000 
 5,500 000 
 
 
 15,736,000 
 3,040,000 
 
 Tobacco and snuff 
 
 Cigars and cigarettes 
 
 8,100,000 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 Totals 1890 
 
 1,163 
 1,160 
 
 $23,400,000 
 25,160,000 
 
 7,2P0 
 7,050 
 
 $45,576,000 
 44,787,000 
 
 The amount paid in wages is estimated at $4,380,000, against $4,368,000 
 for 1890. 
 
 Brass, Coj)per, etc. — The following table exhibits the manufactures in 
 brass, copper, etc., in Chicago, for the year 1891: 
 
 Industries. 
 
 Brass, copper and plumbers' 1 supplies. 
 Tin, stamped, and sheetinetal ware . . 
 
 Jewelry manufactures 
 
 Watch cases and tools 
 
 Optical goods 
 
 Telegraph and electric supplies 
 
 Smelting and refining 
 
 Iron and brass works 
 
 Mi cellaneous 
 
 Totals 
 
 To Lais, 1890 
 
 No. 
 
 34 
 
 24 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 38 
 
 153 
 
 141 
 
 Capital. 
 
 $ 1,500,000 
 
 3,000,000 
 
 1,000,000 
 
 750,000 
 
 250,000 
 
 1,470.000 
 
 2,450,000 
 
 200,000 
 
 650,000 
 
 $11,270,001) 
 8,260,000 
 
 Workers. 
 
 1,700 
 
 2,800 
 
 600 
 
 300 
 
 70 
 
 2,050 
 
 750 
 
 250 
 
 820 
 
 9,340 
 9,185 
 
 Product. 
 
 $45,542,000 
 46,420,000 
 
 The estimated amount 
 $5,750,000 for 1890. 
 
 of wages paid in 1891 is $6,065,000, as against 
 
58 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Brick, Stone, etc. — The estimates of the manufactures in brick, stone, etc., 
 in Chicago, for 1891, were: 
 
 Industries. 
 
 Brickyards 
 
 Cut Stone Contractors 
 
 Marble and Granite Works 
 
 Gravel Roofers 
 
 Lime Kilns 
 
 Terra Cotta 
 
 Stained Glass Factories. . . . 
 
 Totals 
 
 Totals, 1890 
 
 No. 
 
 212 
 214 
 
 Capital. 
 
 $3,600,000 
 1,525,000 
 1,030,000 
 225,000 
 225,000 
 300,0" 
 300,000 
 
 $7,205,000 
 5,680,000 
 
 Workers. 
 
 3,785 
 1,600 
 750 
 50) 
 370 
 500 
 350 
 
 7,855 
 7,520 
 
 Product. 
 
 $ 3,8^6,000 
 
 2,000,000 
 
 1,800,' 00 
 
 1,150,000 
 
 450,000 
 
 600,000 
 
 90 ,000 
 
 $10,726,000 
 12,60u,0OJ 
 
 The amount of wages estimated to have been paid in 1891 was $3,880,100 
 against $3,209,000 in 1890. 
 
 Iron and Wood.— Following are the estimates of the combined wood and 
 iron manufactures of Chicago for the year 1891: 
 
 Industries. 
 
 No. 
 
 CAP1TA.L. 
 
 Workers. 
 
 Product. 
 
 Wagons and Carriages 
 
 70 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 
 $ 2,000,000 
 
 7,150,000 
 
 6,400,000 
 
 1,675,000 
 
 700,000 
 
 2,000 
 
 5,625 
 
 8,000 
 
 850 
 
 250 
 
 $ 4,000,000 
 
 15,950,000 
 
 17,350,000 
 
 3,000,000 
 
 800,000 
 
 
 Elevators 
 
 Sewing Machines and Cases 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 90 
 92 
 
 $17,925,000 
 13,700,000 
 
 16,725 
 15,200 
 
 $41,100,000 
 42,000,000 
 
 Totals, 1890 
 
 
 The wages of the year are estimated at $12,575,000, as compared with 
 $13,000,000 for the previous year. 
 
 Chemicals. — The manufacture of chemicals in Chicago for the year 1891, 
 was estimated as follows: 
 
 Industries. 
 
 Chemical works . . 
 
 White lead and paint 
 
 White lead corroders 
 
 Varnish 
 
 Axle grease 
 
 Glue fertilizers, etc 
 
 Soap 
 
 Candles 
 
 Linseed oil and cake 
 
 Soda, mineral waters, etc 
 Ink, sealing wax, etc 
 
 Totals 
 
 Totals 1890 
 
 No. Capital. ^£" k " Product. 
 
 20 
 
 700,000 
 1,500,000 
 1,750,000 
 1,200,000 
 3,00,000 
 1,700,000 
 3,000,000 
 
 500,000 
 1,750,000 
 
 900.000 
 75,000 
 
 $13,375,000 
 14,320,010 
 
 250 
 
 500 
 
 125 
 
 15(1 
 
 50 
 
 1,000 
 
 2,000 
 
 125 
 
 250 
 
 60(1 
 
 100 
 
 5,150 
 4,900 
 
 $1,750,000 
 4,400.000 
 2,( 00,000 
 1,300,000 
 l,000,O0U 
 3,500,000 
 8,000,000 
 
 800,000 
 3,500,000 
 2,000,(100 
 
 250,000 
 
 $28,500,000 
 23,550,000 
 
 The wages paid in 1891 footed up $3,240,000, as against $2,460,000 in 1890. 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 59 
 
 Iron and Steel. — The following table exhibits the manufactures in iron and 
 steel in Chicago for the year 1891: 
 
 Industries. 
 
 Rolling' mills 
 
 Foundries 
 
 Machinery, malleable iron, etc 
 
 P< >iler works 
 
 Carwheel works 
 
 Stoves, ranges 
 
 Furnaces 
 
 Steamfitting and and heating 
 
 Galvanized iron, tin, slate roofing. 
 
 Barbed wire and wireworks 
 
 Miscellaneous. , 
 
 Totals.. 
 Totals, 1890 
 
 No. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Work- 
 ers. 
 
 6 
 
 % 27,700X00 
 
 10,475 
 
 60 
 
 3.500,000 
 
 4,500 
 
 76 
 
 2,800,000 
 
 4,000 
 
 32 
 
 600,000 
 
 1,200 
 
 5 
 
 2,750,000 
 
 1,700 
 
 9 
 
 1,305,000 
 
 1,360 
 
 14 
 
 400,000 
 
 600 
 
 14 
 
 650,000 
 
 800 
 
 40 
 
 600,000 
 
 950 
 
 JO 
 
 200,000 
 
 400 
 
 50 
 
 3.500,000 
 
 4,200 
 
 316:$ 44,005,000 
 
 30,185 
 
 321 
 
 40,600,000 
 
 34,600 
 
 Product. 
 
 25,900,0 
 11,000,000 
 9,000,000 
 2.250,00 
 4,600,000 
 2,400,000 
 1,10 ',000 
 2,800,000 
 l,7C0,O0O 
 450,0< 
 9,500,000 
 
 $70,700,000 
 69,325,000 
 
 The amount of wages paid in 1891 is estimated at $19,706,000, as com- 
 pared with $18,500,000 for 1890. 
 
 Meats.— The following table shows the meat industry of Chicago for the 
 year 1891. 
 
 Industries . 
 
 Hog packing 
 
 Beef canning and packing. 
 Lard, lard oil and stearine. , 
 
 Butterine 
 
 Sausage 
 
 Totals.. 
 Totals, 1890 
 
 No. Capital. W ^ k " Product. 
 
 $ 7,500,000 
 
 6,000,000 
 
 3.000,000 
 
 1,000,000 
 
 500,000 
 
 11,000 
 
 9,00(1 
 
 3,500 
 
 1,000 
 
 500 
 
 76 $18,000,000 25,000 $ 133.800,000 
 75 17,000,000 24,500 137.275,(00 
 
 $ 60,000,000 
 
 55,000,000 
 
 12,550,000 
 
 4,330,000 
 
 1,980,000 
 
 The volume of wages for the last year aggregates $14,976,000, against 
 $13,585,000 for 1890. 
 
 Leather— The manufactures of leather in Chicago for the year 1891 were 
 estimated as follows: 
 
 Industries. 
 
 No. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Workers. 
 
 Product. 
 
 Tanners and curriers 
 
 19 
 
 50 
 3 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 $5,000,000 
 
 6,000.000 
 400,000 
 500,000 
 
 500,000 
 
 1,800 
 
 5,C0O 
 400 
 450 
 
 325 
 
 $ 6,500,000 
 
 13,150,000 
 1,51X1,000 
 1,400,000 
 
 1,300,000 
 
 Boot, shoe and slipper manufactur- 
 ers 
 
 Saddle and harness manufacturers. . 
 
 Trunk manufacturers 
 
 Hose and leather belting manuf act- 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 Totals,l890 
 
 87 
 84 
 
 12,400,000 
 10,475,000 
 
 7,975 
 7,975 
 
 23,850,000 
 24,000,000 
 
 The volume of wages paid in 1891 aggregated $4,780,000, against $5,340, 
 000 in the previous year. 
 
60 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Printing. — The manufactures of Chicago comiDg under this heading in 
 the year 1891 were estimated as follows: 
 
 Industries. 
 
 Printing-, binding- publishing- and 
 
 newspapers 
 
 Lithographing houses 
 
 Electrotyping- and stereotyping 
 
 Type founders 
 
 Pi-inters' ink factories 
 
 Printing presses 
 
 Printers' furniture, supplies, etc 
 
 liook binderies 
 
 Totals 
 
 Totals, 1890 
 
 No. 
 
 240 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Workers. 
 
 Product. 
 
 $4,500,000 
 
 6,200 
 
 $22,000,000 
 
 12 
 
 850,000 
 
 715 
 
 1,500,000 
 
 15 
 
 300,000 
 
 550 
 
 1,000,000 
 
 4 
 
 600,000 
 
 650 
 
 i,500,r.oo 
 
 3 
 
 62,000 
 
 20 
 
 80,000 
 
 K 
 
 375,000 
 
 3-55 
 
 700,000 
 
 * 3 
 
 50,000 
 
 50 
 
 125,000 
 
 12 
 
 350,000 
 
 900 
 
 1,000,000 
 
 294 
 
 7,087,000 
 
 9,410 
 
 27,905,000 
 
 285 
 
 6,322,000 
 
 9,200 
 
 20,912,000 
 
 The estimated amount of wages paid in 1891 was $6,157,000, as com- 
 pared with $5,800,000 in 1890. 
 
 Textiles. — The manufactures of textiles in Chicago for the year 1891 were 
 estimated as follows: 
 
 Textiles. 
 
 No. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Workers. 
 
 Product. 
 
 Men's and boys' cloth ina- 
 
 50 
 
 25 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 $15,000,000 
 2,000,000 
 
 750,000 
 1,000,000 
 
 700,000 
 2,600,000 
 
 375,000 
 
 850,000 
 
 14,000 
 2,000 
 1,5' 
 1,500 
 300 
 7,000 
 500 
 1,200 
 
 $30,000,000 
 3,750,000 
 
 Men's neckwear 
 
 2,000,000 
 2,500,000 
 
 Purs 
 
 1,000,000 
 
 Cloaks and suitings 
 
 Cloak and dress trimmings 
 
 Millinery 
 
 11,000,000 
 
 600,000 
 
 1,700,000 
 
 Totals 
 
 141 
 165 
 
 22,775,0C0 
 16,723,000 
 
 28,000 
 26,960 
 
 52,550,000 
 
 Totals 1890 
 
 38,325,000 
 
 The wages for 1891 aggregate $10,630,000, as against $8,700,000 for the 
 previous year. 
 
 Wood and Manufactures. — The manufactures of wood in Chicago for 
 1891 were as follows: 
 
 Industries. 
 
 No. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Workers. 
 
 Product. 
 
 Planing mills, sash,doors, mouldings 
 
 boxes, etc 
 
 Cooperage 
 
 80 
 25 
 260 
 60 
 24 
 3 
 30 
 
 $3,500,000 
 500,000 
 8,000,000 
 1,500,000 
 4,500,000 
 375,000 
 1,000,(00 
 
 6,500 
 
 8 
 
 12,000 
 
 1,500 
 
 3,000 
 
 400 
 
 B00 
 
 $10,000,0(0 
 2,000,000 
 21,000,000 
 
 3,000,000 
 
 7,l)00,(M) 
 
 700.000 
 
 Pictures frames and looking glasses. 
 
 Pi <nos and organs 
 
 Billiard tables 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 2,350,000 
 
 Totals 
 
 Totals, 18V0 
 
 4«2 
 
 470 
 
 19,375.000 
 18,500,0(0 
 
 25,000 
 24,800 
 
 46,050,000 
 4H,000,000 
 
 The estimated wages arc $13,520,000, against $13,500,000 for 1890. 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 61 
 
 Other Manufactures. — The other manufactures of Chicago, coming under 
 the head of miscellaneous, for the year 1891, were estimated as follows: 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Tools and bicycl factories. 
 
 Sign-makers 
 
 Brushes (not broom). 
 
 Brooms 
 
 Feather clusters 
 
 Showcases 
 
 G lass 
 
 Corks 
 
 Paper boxes 
 
 Sails, awnings, etc 
 
 Shipyards 
 
 Perfumery 
 
 Totals 
 
 Totals 1890. 
 
 No. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Workers. 
 
 Product. 
 
 3 
 
 $850,000 
 
 I,4f0 
 
 $2.1CO,000 
 
 35 
 
 125,000 
 
 500 
 
 750,000 
 
 16 
 
 800,000 
 
 350 
 
 720,000 
 
 2 
 
 75,000 
 
 75 
 
 250,000 
 
 4 
 
 60,000 
 
 150 
 
 200,000 
 
 10 
 
 120,000 
 
 130 
 
 45 ,00 i 
 
 1 
 
 100,000 
 
 120 
 
 200,000 
 
 3 
 
 130,000 
 
 120 
 
 225,000 
 
 14 
 
 250,000 
 
 8'0 
 
 900,00' t 
 
 12 
 
 200.0 
 
 250 
 
 550,( !00 
 
 2 
 
 300,000 
 
 100 
 
 ^00,000 
 
 6 
 
 225,000 
 
 250 
 
 750,000 
 
 108 
 
 2,735,000 
 
 4,295 
 
 7,295,000 
 
 98 
 
 2,277,000 
 
 4,235 
 
 7,140,' 00 
 
 The wages paid approximate $2,245,000, against $2,053,000 for 1890. 
 
 MARITIME INTERESTS. 
 
 It will be a surprise to the stranger, whether American or foreign, to 
 learn that the arrivals and clearances of vessels at Chicago harbor exceed 
 those of New York by fully 50 per cent.; that they are nearly as many as 
 those of Baltimore, Boston and New York combined, and that they are a 
 fraction of over 60 per cent, as many as all the arrivals and clearances in 
 Baltimore, Boston, New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Portland and San 
 Francisco. Chicago has also fully 25 per cent, of the entire lake-carrying 
 trade, as compared with the total arrivals and clearances in Buffalo, Detroit, 
 Duluth, Erie, Huron, Grand Haven, Milwaukee, Ogdensburg, Sandusky and 
 Marquette. These noteworthy facts are amplified in the two following 
 tables: 
 
 DISTRICTS ON THE SEABOARD. 
 
 
 
 District of— 
 
 Vessels 
 Entered. 
 
 Vessels 
 Cleared. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Aggr'g'te 
 Receipts. 
 
 Cost to 
 Collect SI. 
 
 Baltimore 
 
 Boston 
 
 New Orleans 
 
 New York 
 
 1,828 
 3,260 
 1,156 
 8,196 
 1,829 
 
 784 
 1,738 
 
 666 
 1,285 
 
 1,443 
 3,39 i 
 1,148 
 7,818 
 2.053 
 1,149 
 1,792 
 202 
 1,537 
 
 3 270 
 
 6,6f>0 
 2,304 
 16,014 
 3.88! 
 1,933 
 3,530 
 868 
 2,822 
 
 $ 3,766,922 
 
 18,038,772 
 
 2,106.681 
 
 147,538,045 
 
 20,711,455 
 
 187,950 
 
 193,003 
 
 3 '8,850 
 
 7,956,889 
 
 $0,072 
 .033 
 .099 
 .018 
 .023 
 
 Portland 
 
 Pt. Townsend 
 
 .263 
 .288 
 .054 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 .047 
 
 Total 
 
 20,742 
 2,305 
 10,107 
 
 20,531 
 1,281 
 10,120 
 
 41,273 
 
 4,586 
 
 20,227 
 
 5200,828,567 
 2 ,314,285 
 5,791,515 
 
 $0,897 
 
 Average 
 
 .100 
 .023 
 
 
 
62 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.' 
 
 PRINCIPAL DISTRICT 
 
 "S ON THE GREAT LAKES. 
 
 
 District of— 
 
 Vessels 
 Entered . 
 
 Vessels 
 Cleared. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Aggr'gate 
 Receipts. 
 
 Cost to 
 Collect $1. 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 3,936 
 5,136 
 6,296 
 1,150 
 4,952 
 7,710 
 10,708 
 1,435 
 6,622 
 
 4,304 
 5,170 
 6,530 
 1,165 
 4,837 
 7,707 
 10,286 
 1,894 
 6,686 
 
 8,240 
 10,306 
 12,826 
 
 2,315 
 
 9,789 
 15,417 
 20,994 
 
 2,829 
 13,308 
 
 $ 8-2,175 
 
 388,598 
 
 630,670 
 
 8,318 
 
 191,15* 
 
 1,881 
 
 393,530 
 
 263,888 
 
 18,85(3 
 
 S0.C65 
 
 .070 
 
 Detroit 
 
 Duluth 
 
 Port Huron 
 
 Grand Haven 
 
 Mil wau k ee 
 
 .1 3 
 
 .660 
 
 .228 
 
 2.889 
 
 .034 
 
 Ogdensburg 
 
 Marquette 
 
 .091 
 .730 
 
 Total 
 
 Average 
 
 Chicago 
 
 47,945 
 
 5,327 
 
 i 10,107 
 
 48,079 
 
 5,324 
 
 10,120 
 
 96,024 
 10,669 
 20,2;7 
 
 $2, 759,069 
 
 306,563 
 
 5,794,515 
 
 $4.88 
 .512 
 .023 
 
 Shipments of Grain by Lake to Canada. — The shipments of grain by lake 
 to Canada during 1891, embracing corn, oats, wheat and rye, were: 
 
 Shipped io— 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Shipped to— 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Collingwood 
 
 405,421 
 
 4,126,400 
 
 1,199,150 
 
 367,082 
 
 344,469 
 
 38,000 
 
 Sarnia 
 
 985,978 
 25,100 
 
 Midland 
 
 
 Montreal 
 
 Point Edward 
 
 Total 
 
 •7,491,600 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Coastwise Receipts and Shipments. — The coastwise receipts and shipmentsat 
 the port of Chicago during 1891 were: 
 
 RECEIPTS. 
 
 Articles 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 
 5,687,030 
 
 852,987 
 
 21,537 
 
 1,302,226 
 
 253,738 
 
 37,139 
 
 4,233,9^9 
 
 2,052,050 
 
 53,375 
 
 32,683 
 
 13,434 
 
 1,215,331 
 
 30,775 
 
 403,414 
 
 41,080 
 
 164,260 
 
 150,086 
 
 61,582 
 
 Iron ore, tons 
 
 71,449 
 
 Sugar, barrels 
 
 19,422 
 
 
 106,273 
 26,507 
 
 Lumber, 1,000 . 
 
 
 Shingles, 1,000 
 
 
 4,885 
 
 Lath, 1,000 
 
 Liquors, packages 
 
 40,112 
 
 
 2,349 
 
 
 Hides, pieces 
 
 Potatoes, bushels 
 
 Hay, tons 
 
 Flour, barrels 
 
 Grass Seed, sacks 
 
 Stone, tons 
 
 4,524 
 
 Telegraph poles, No 
 
 Wood, cords 
 
 Bark, cords 
 
 Coal,— Anthracite, tons 
 
 Coal— Bituminous, tons 
 
 Salt, barrels 
 
 220,465 
 
 2,510 
 
 22,840 
 
 5,965 
 
 12,590 
 
 653 
 
 Salt, sackg \ . . 
 
 Plaster, barrels 
 
 Cement, bands 
 
 Oil, barrels 
 
 Wool, sacks 
 
 101,898 
 
 
 316,231 
 
 Boots, Shoe s, packages 
 
 4,F90 
 1,998 
 
 Cheese, packages 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 63 
 
 SHIPMENTS. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Flour, brls 
 
 Mchds., pkgs 
 
 Wheat, bu . . 
 
 Corn, bu 
 
 Oats, bu 
 
 Rye, bu , 
 
 Barley, bu 
 
 Grass-seed, sacks. 
 
 Flax-seed, bu 
 
 Br'm-corn, b'les. . 
 
 Pork, brls .. 
 
 Beef, t.rls 
 
 Oatmeal brls 
 
 Corn-meal, brls. . . 
 
 Lard, pkgs 
 
 Lard, tcs 
 
 Giueose, brls 
 
 Malt, sacks 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 1,684,011 
 
 l,:50,30l 
 
 29,641,142 
 
 37,705,2 .7 
 
 17,728, 28 
 
 4,094.744 
 
 1,628,900 
 
 80,072 
 
 6,184,703 
 
 6 821 
 
 56,076 
 
 4.672 
 
 14,3 9 
 
 12,7 9 
 
 18,394 
 
 69,850 
 
 45,9 
 
 39,214 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Coffee, sacks . . 
 
 Tea, chests 
 
 Sugar, brl< 
 
 Sirup, barls 
 
 Hides, pieces 
 
 Liquors, brls 
 
 Oil cakes, lbs... . 
 
 Oil, brls 
 
 Hay, tons . . ... 
 Millstuffs, sacks . 
 Cur'd mts., pkgs. 
 
 Tallow, brls 
 
 Nails, kegs 
 
 I ron, tons 
 
 Lead, pias 
 
 Woolsacks 
 
 Fertilizer, brls . . 
 Spelter, plates . . 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 10, 
 2i0, 
 
 9' 
 342, 
 
 4, 
 21, 
 27, 
 
 4. 
 559, 
 56, 
 
 1, 
 9' 
 
 178 
 519 
 
 llo 
 162 
 
 41* 
 347 
 086 
 
 647 
 
 ^32 
 443 
 7-7 
 172 
 7 
 394 
 227 
 150 
 027 
 
 Value of Exports By Lake. — There were 892,676 packages of canned 
 meats exported by lake aggregating 54,677,719 pounds; 127,446 packages of 
 salted meats aggregating $21,224,440, and 16,075 bales of binder-twine, al- 
 together 1,128,468 pounds. Of the articles entitled to drawback were 8,735,992 
 pounds of tin, the drawback on which was $899.30; 4,808,473 pounds of salt, 
 with a drawback of $4,020, and 1,128,468 pounds of hemp, with a. draw- 
 back of $7,693. The total values of imported articles entered in the port of 
 Chicago was $15,105,775. 
 
 Arrivals and Clearances of Vessels. — Following is a table showing the 
 arrivals and clearances of vessels, with tonnage, at Chicago haibor, for 1883 
 to 1890, inclusive: 
 
 
 Arrivals. 
 
 Clearances. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Year. 
 
 No. 
 
 Tonnage. 
 
 No. 
 
 Tonnage. 
 
 No. 
 
 Tonnage. 
 
 1883 
 
 11,203 
 10,513 
 
 9,846 
 10,180 
 10,828 
 10,158 
 
 9,552 
 10,224 
 
 3,555,586 
 3,481,957 
 3,347,647 
 3,546,309 
 3,868,465 
 3,990,921 
 4,417,415 
 5,524,852 
 
 11,271 
 10,610 
 
 9,910 
 10,267 
 10,920 
 10,308 
 
 9,462 
 
 10,294 | 
 
 1 1 
 
 3,743,574 
 3,4S9,666 
 3,364,163 
 3,591,549 
 3,989,615 
 4,134,064 
 4,403,634 
 
 22,474 
 21,153 
 19,756 
 20,447 
 21,748 
 20,466 
 19,014 
 
 7,299,160 
 6,971,623 
 6,711,816 
 7,140,858 
 7,858,000 
 8,124,985 
 8,821.049 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1891 
 
 
 
 
 
64 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Vessels owned ir& Chicago. — The following table exhibits the number and 
 character of vessels owned in Chicago: 
 
 Class. 
 
 NUMBER. 
 
 Tonnage. 
 
 i 
 
 Class. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Tonnage. 
 
 Propellers 
 
 Tugs 
 
 S de wheel steamers 
 Sceam yach:s 
 
 63 
 
 7tf 
 
 4 
 
 34 
 
 2b 
 
 19,861.97 
 
 1,543.94 
 
 6(0.50 
 
 173.15 
 
 1,874.05 
 
 
 168 
 8 
 
 40.940 15 
 
 Sloops , 
 
 Mailing yachts. . 
 
 71.45 
 213.^4 
 
 Total 
 
 384 
 
 65,280.45 
 
 
 
 MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 City Clerk's Office— Salaries.— -The salaries of subordinates are as follows: 
 Deputy clerk, $3,000; chief clerk, $2,400; minor clerks from $1,000 to $1,300. 
 
 City Collector s Office— Salaries. — The salaries of subordinates are as fol- 
 lows: Chief clerk, $2,000; cashier, $1,800; book-keeper, $1,400; clerk, $1,400; 
 five clerks, $1,500 each; five clerks, $1,000 each; messenger, $800. 
 
 City Hall Employes— Salaries.— Janitor, $1,400; 2 carpenters, $3 per day, 
 4Quishers, $720 each; 10 elevator attendants, $720 each; 10 janitors, $720 
 each; 11 female janitors, $480 each; chief engineer, $1,500; 3 assistant engi- 
 neers, $1,000 each; 6 firemen, $720 each; 3 coal passers, $660 each; 3 oilers, 
 $720 each. 
 
 Comptroller's Office— Salaries.— The salaries of subordinates are as fol- 
 lows: Chief clerk, $3,000; general book-keeper, $2,400; assistant book- 
 keeper, $1,800; cashier, $1,800; assistant cashier, $1,500; warrant clerk, 
 $1,600; minor clerks, $1,000 to $1,200. 
 
 Engineering Department— Salaries. — The salaries of subordinates are as 
 follows: Assistant engineer, $2,500; second assistant engineer, $2,000; one 
 assistant engineer, $2,000; two assistant engineers, $1,800 each; rodman, 
 $900; draughtsman, $1,200; chief clerk, $1,800; messenger, $600. 
 
 Feed Officers. — City sealer of weights and measures, oil inspector, 
 inspector of steam boilers, building inspector, elevator inspector, and some 
 other minor officers of the city government are paid in fees, or a percentage of 
 fees collected in their respective offices. Of these the oil inspectorship is 
 the most lucrative, being worth about $20,000 per annum. 
 
 Fire Department— Salaries.— The salaries of subordinates are as follows 
 First assistant fire marshal and inspector, $3,500; second assistant fire mar 
 shal, $3,000; assistant fire marshal and secretary, $3,200; fire inspector 
 $2,500; 13 chiefs of battalions, $2,500 each; book keeper, $1,800; 2 clerks 
 $1,800 each; clerk and storekeeper, $1,400; superintendent of horses, includ 
 ing medicines, $2,200; 19 captains, $1,360.80 each; 42 captains, $1,260 each 
 14 captains, $1,200 each; 19 lieutentants, $1,155 each; 25 lieutenants, $1,000 
 each; 17 engineers, $1,360.80 each; 30 engineers, $1,260 each; 12 engineers 
 $1,200 each; 13 assistant engineers, $1,134 each«j 30 assistant engineers 
 $1,050 each; 12 assistant engineers $1,000 each; 115pipemen and truckmen 
 $1,134 each; 131 pipemen and truckmen, $1,050 each; 69 pipemen and truck 
 men,$945each; 40pippmen and truckmen. $840 each; 87 driver* $1 134 each 
 81 drivers, $1,050 each; 39 driver*, $945 earn; 4 pilots. $1260 each; S 
 Stokers, $1,050 rs, $945 each; 9 watchmen. #798.80 each 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 65 
 
 superintendent city telegraph, $3,675; chief operator, $2,362.50; 3 assistant 
 operators, $1,260 each; chief of construction, $1,800; battery man, $945; 
 five repairers, $1,102.50 each; chief of electric repair shop, $1,575; 3 linemen, 
 $945 each; machinist, $1,050; 2 assistant machinists, $756 each; clerk and 
 stenographer, $1,260; 2 electric light inspectors, paid in fees collected, 
 1 manager, $1,700; 3 operators, $1,200 each; 3 repairers, $1,000 each; 
 1 lineman, $945; 1 instrument man, $900; 1 battery man, $900. Total for 
 salaries of Fire Department, including Chief Marshal, $974,348.00. 
 
 Health Department — Salaries. — The salaries of subordinates are as follows: 
 Assistant commissioner, $2,500 ; department clerk, $1,500 ; secretary, $1,500; 
 registrar of vital statistics, $1,200; thirty-four sanitary police, $1,000 each; 
 eight medical inspectors, $900 each; chief tenement house and factory in- 
 spector, $2,000; nine meat and stock yards inspectors, $1,200 each; assistant 
 tenement house and factory inspector, $1,500; clerk to tenement house and 
 factory inspector, $1,000; thirty-four tenement house and factory inspectors, 
 $1,000 each; five female factory inspectors, $1,000 each; city physician, 
 $2,500; assistant, $1,500. 
 
 Law Department — Salaries. — The salaries of subordinates are: Assistant 
 corporation counsel, $5,000; assistant corporation counsel, $3,000; assistant 
 city attorney, $4,000; chief clerk, $2,000; 3 minor clerks,. $1,500 each; 2 minor 
 clerks, $1,200 each; clerk to city attorney, $1,500. 
 
 Map Department — Salaries. — Superintendent, $1,800; 8 draughtsmen, 
 $1,200 each; 2 draughtsmen, $1,000 each; house numbering clerk, $900. 
 
 Police Court— Salaries. — There are eight police court districts in the city of 
 Chicago, in which ten police court justices administer the municipal law. These 
 are appointed by the mayor. The salaries are as follows: two police justices, 
 1st district, $5,000 each ; two police justices, 3d district, $5,000 each ; one 
 police justice, 2d district, $5,000; one police justice, 4th district, $2,500; 
 one police justice, 5th district. $2,500 ; one police justice. Englewood dis- 
 trict, $1,800; one police justice, Lake View district, $1,200. ^The clerks 
 of the 1st district court receive $1,500 and $1,200 ; all other clerks 
 $1,200 each, except the assistant of the 1st district, whose salary is $1,000, 
 and those of Englewood and Lake View, who receive $900 and $600, respect- 
 ively. 
 
 Police Department Salaries. — The salaries of the officers and subordinates 
 in the Police department are as follows: General superintendent, $5,000; 
 assistant superintendent, $3,000; chief inspector, $2,800; 4 division inspec- 
 tors, $2,800 each; 1 secretary, $2,250; 1 private secretary, $1,500; 2 clerks, 
 secretary's office, $1,200 each; 1 drillmaster, $2,000; 1 stenographer, 
 $1,200; 1 assistant stenographer, $600; 1 custodian, $1,323; 1 clerk detect- 
 ives office, $1,500; 2 assistant clerks, detective's office, $1,200 each; 
 
 1 night clerk, $900; 16 captains at $2,250 each; 52 lieutenants $1,500 
 each; 1 sergeant, detective's office, $1,600; 1 assistant clerk, $1,200; 56 
 patrol sergeants, $1,200 each; 86 desk sergeants at $1,200 each; 25 matrons at 
 $630 each; 2 photographers, $1,200 each; 50 detective sergeants, $1,212.75 
 each; 10 police court bailiffs, $1,000 each; 6 pound keepers, $771.75 each; 2 
 patrolmen at mayor's office, $1,000 each; 1 patrolman at comptroller's office, 
 $500; 25 lockup keepers, $1,000 each; 2inspectors of pawnshops, $1,200 each; 
 4 inspectors of pawnshops, $1,000 each; 2 inspectors of vehicles, $1,200, each; 
 
 2 assistant inspectors of vehicles, $1,000 each; 250 patrolmen on duty at 
 
66 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 bridges, street crossings, depots, etc., $1,000 each; 140 patrolmen, first-class, 
 for duty on patrol wagons, $1,000 each; 1,750 patrolmen, first-class, for regu- 
 lar duty, $1,000 each; 200 patrolmen (second class), for patrol duty, nine 
 months at $60 per month; 6 engineers for police stations, $1,000 each; 6 
 assistant engineers for police stations (eight months) $551.25 each; 20 janitors 
 at $530 each; 1 veterinary surgeon, $1,500; 1 assistant veterinary, $1,000; 15 
 hostlers, $630 each; 3 watchmen, $750 each; 6 drivers of supply wagons, 
 $720 each; 70 drivers of patrol wagons, $720 each; 1 chief operator, police 
 telegraph service, $1,300; 1 assistant operator, $1,000; 85 operators, police 
 telegraph service, at $720 each; 4 drivers for ambulances, $720 each. Total 
 for salaries of police department for the year 1891, $2,485,242. 
 
 Public Works Department — Salaries. — The salaries of subordinates are as 
 follows: Secretary, $2,400; assistant secretary, $1,500; book-keeper, $2,400; 
 assistant book-keeper, $2,000; clerk, $1,200; minoi clerks from $600 to $1,000. 
 
 Sewerage Department — Salaries. — Superintendent, $3,500; 6 assistant 
 engineers, $1,800 each; 6 rodmen, $900 each; chief clerk, $1,200; chief clerk 
 of house drains, $1,800; permit clerk, $900; chief inspector house drains, 
 $1,200; draughtsman, $1,200; draughtsman, $1,000. 
 
 Special Assessment Department — Salaries. — The salaries of subordinates are 
 as follows: Attorney, $2,700; assistant attorney, $1,800; chief clerk, $2,100; 
 clerk, $1,800; clerk, $1,680; two clerks, $1,500 each; four clerks, $1,400 
 each; sixteen clerks, $1,200 each; clerk, $1,000; three clerks, $900 each. 
 
 Street Department— Salaries. — The salaries of subordinates are as follows: 
 Assistant superintendent, $2,000; chief clerk, $1,500; bill clerk, $1,200; permit 
 clerk, $900; assistant permit clerk, $720; general clerk, $900; messenger, $720; 
 chief sidewalk inspector, $1,500; superintendent of house moving, $1,800 
 (paid from fees). 
 
 Telephone Department — Salaries. — Chief operator, $1,300; assistant chief 
 operator, $900; 71 operators, $720 each; 7 repairers, $1,000 each; 2 battery 
 men, $900 each; 2 hostlers, $620 each; driver, $720; operator bridge tele- 
 phone office, $720; 12 operators bridge telephone system, nine months, 
 $472.50 each. 
 
 The Mayor and Council— Salaries. — The government of the city of Chicago 
 is vested in a mayor, elected for two years, salary $7,000, and a city council, 
 composed of sixty -eight aldermen, or two from each of the thirty -four wards, 
 who receive a per diem for actual services, the total of which amounted this 
 year to about $15,000. One alderman is elected from each ward on alternate 
 years. The mayor is assisted in the performance of his duties by heads of 
 departments and bureaus, as follows: Comptroller, $5,000; treasurer, includ- 
 ing assistants, $25,000, and interest on city deposits, his right to the latter bei ng 
 now in dispute; city clerk, $3,500; commissioner of public works, $5,000; 
 city engineer, $3,500; counsel of corporation, $6,000; city attorney, $5,000; 
 prosecuting attorney, $4,000; general superintendent of police, $5,000; chief 
 marshal of fire department, $5,000; superintendent of fire alarm telegraph, 
 $3,675; commissioner of health, $4,000- city collector, $4,000; superintend- 
 ent of special assessment, $3,500; superintendent of street department, $3,500; 
 mayor's secretary, $2,500; mayor's assistant secretary, $1,500; mayor's 
 messenger, $2,000. 
 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 67 
 
 PARK SYSTEM. 
 
 The Park System of Chicago' was designed and is conducted upon 
 an elaborate scale. In its entirety the area covered by the differcit 
 parks and public squares within the city limits embraces 1,974.61 
 acres. This is exclusive of the ground covered by park boulevards. The 
 Park System proper is divided into three divisions, each division being under 
 the control of Park Commissioners, elected by the Courts. Thus we have 
 three boards : The South Park Commissioners, the West Park Commis- 
 sioners and the North Park Commissioners. The parks under the supervi- 
 sion of these commissioners are maintained by direct tax upon the respective 
 divisions of the city. Under control of the city government are a number of 
 small parks, squares and "places," which are maintained at the expense of 
 the city treasury. [See "Area of Parks and Public Squares."] The parks of 
 Chicago form, with the boulevards as their connecting links [See Map], a 
 chain around the city, both ends of which are anchored in Lake Michigan. 
 Only a very few years ago complaint to the effect that the great parks of the city 
 were too far removed from the people, and practically inaccessible to the very 
 class whom they were intended to serve, was general. Now, however, they 
 are becoming the nuclei around which populous districts are growing. In a 
 few years, instead of being on the outskirts of the chVv, they will be breathing 
 places in its interior. For the visitor, all the parks are within convenient 
 reach. Cable lines or street cars will carry you to any of them at the uni- 
 form rate of five cents. Trains on the Illinois Central will take you to Jack- 
 son Park (South Park Station) and return for twenty-five cents. The great 
 parks are grouped as follows : 
 
 South Stde. — Jickson Park — take Illinois Central train foot Randolph, 
 Van Buren, Sixteenth, Twenty-second, Twenty-seventh or Thirty-first streets, 
 or Cottage Grove avenue cable line. Washington Park — take State street or 
 Cottage Grove avenue cable line, the former for Grand boulevard, the latter 
 for Drexel boulevard entrance. Park phaetons convey visitors around Tv r ash- 
 ington and Jackson parks, touching or stopping at all points of interest, for 
 25 cents per adult passenger ; 15 cents for children. 
 
 West Side. — Douglas Park — take West Twelfth street or Ogden avenue 
 cars. Gartield Park — take West Madison street cable or West Lake street 
 cars. Humboldt Park— take Milwaukee avenue cable line, or West North 
 avenue cars. s 
 
 North Side.— Lincoln Park — takeN. Clark or Wells street cable line- 
 to main entrance; take North State street cars to Lake Shore Diive en 
 trance. 
 
 Persons desiring to take other conveyances can make their selection from 
 the hackney cabs, hansoms, coupes, etc., found at downtown stands. [See 
 hack and cab rates.] Carriage arrangements may be made by telephone 
 
68 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO, 
 
 with the various livery stables, by the hour or by the day. The parks and 
 boulevards are as follows: 
 
 Area of Parks and Public Squares. — Following are the parks and 
 public squares of the city, belonging to the municipality or under control of 
 the State Board of Park Commissioners, with their area in acres: 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Aldine Square 
 
 Campbell Park 
 
 Congress Park 
 
 Dearborn Park 
 
 Douglas Park 
 
 Douglas Monument Square 
 
 Ellis Parle 
 
 Cage Park 
 
 Garfield Park 
 
 Groveland Park 
 
 Holstein Park 
 
 Humboldt Park 
 
 Jackson Park * 
 
 Jefferson Park (city) 
 
 Total 
 
 1.44 
 .05 
 .07 
 1.43 
 179.79 
 2.02 
 3.38 
 20.00 
 185.87 
 3.4 
 2.3 
 200.62 
 686.00 
 6.5 
 
 Jefferson Park (Jefferson) 
 
 Lake Front Park 
 
 Lincoln Park 
 
 Logan Square 
 
 Midway Plaisance 
 
 Oak Park 
 
 Sheets Park 
 
 Union Park 
 
 Union Square 
 
 Vernon Park 
 
 Washington Park 
 
 Washington Square 
 
 Wicker Park 
 
 Woodlawn 
 
 Acres. 
 
 5.00 
 
 41.00 
 
 250.00 
 
 4.25 
 
 80 00 
 
 0.25 
 
 1.00 
 
 14.03 
 
 .05 
 
 4.00 
 
 371.00 
 
 2.25 
 
 4.00 
 
 3.86 
 
 1,974.61 
 
 Conservatories.— Winter visitors will find the conservatories of the 
 different parks, among the most attractive sights in thecity. Theseconserva- 
 toriesare open during all seasons, and are in charge of a skilful corps of gar- 
 deners chosen by the several park boards. 1 be new greenhouse, propaga- 
 ting house, and palm bouse at Lincoln Park will attract the attention of the 
 visitor. Among the curious things to be seen within its walls is a sago palm 
 100 years old that came from Mexico many years ago; a tree fern 15 feet high ; 
 a very large date palm, and a Carludonico palmatain bloom. Mr. Stromback, 
 the chief gardener, gives some interesting facts in reference to the water- 
 lilies that have proven s> attractive outdoors during the past summer. The 
 large lily with the tub-like leaves, Victoria Regia, is annually raised from 
 seeds, a single pod having been known to contain 435 seeds. It is a night 
 bloomer, and the Uossom is quite fragrant. Some of the other water-lilies 
 are also night bloomers, while some open in day-time. The water in the 
 basins in which they are grown flows from the engine-house near by, after 
 being heated to something like 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Tbe managers of 
 Lincoln Park have the honor of being the first to bring these wonderful lilies 
 to Chicago. The greenhouse at Lincoln Park is now one of the largest 
 and most beautiful in the country. The new palm house, referred to else- 
 where, is completed. The propagating departments are themselves worthy 
 of the attention of all lovers of plants and plant culture. Some magnificent 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 69 
 
 chrysanthemums, ferns, and orchids Ere seen here. Mtre people visit 
 Lincoln Park greenhouses than any of the others. 
 
 Nothing could excel the delicious sense of refined taste pervading the 
 conservatory at Washington Park, -with its bank of chrysanthemums pre- 
 senting a symphony in color, its aquarium half hidden beneath the delicately 
 traced fern froods that spring from the margin and gracefully bend and 
 reflect in the mirrored surface, and its giant palms forming leafy f rescades 
 suggestive of tropical luxuriance and love-making. That remarkable aquatic 
 production, the water hyacinth, is cultivated here extensively, and the round 
 balls are seen like Limniades, or, what are more generally known, ducks, 
 swimming about in the basins on top of the water. Upon entering the green- 
 house the large stock of diminutive variegated-leaved plants intended fornext 
 summer's lawn decorations are observed in a room by themselves, laid off 
 systematically in designs, so as to make a pretty display, thus utilizing a 
 hitherto neglected agent for indoor ornamentation. In the cactus-room is a 
 great assortment of that peculiar plant. A striking novelty in the palm-room 
 is aplant from West Indies bearing an edible fruit. The fruit is said to be 
 like honey, quite palatable and much sought by natives of the islands, but 
 owing to the frailty of its rind it can not be successfully transported to this 
 country. The outside covering resembles that of the American custard 
 apple or pawpaw. 
 
 One of the most popular conservatories in the public parks is that at Gar- 
 field. Here is to be found one of the largest assortments of orchids in the 
 city. The greenhouse contains a date palm of extraordinary dimensions — 
 probably the largest specimen of that particular variety of palm in all Chi- 
 cago. The stock of agaves or century plants is very full, and one of these 
 plants, the gardener asserts, is known to be thirty-two years old. 
 
 Decidedly the handsomest and costliest conservatory at any of the parks 
 is the new $50,000 edifice recently erected by the West Chicago Board of 
 Commissioners at Douglas Park. The new building isfilled with animmense 
 quantity of rare plants. In the east wing is a large circular basin of water, 
 in which are grown aquatic productions, including the Victoria Regia lily. 
 Last summer this plant flourished in the basin in a way it has never been 
 known to do before in the city, its leaves having reached the remarkable 
 size of 7J^ feet. Above the basin and ranged in a circle around the margin are 
 suspended in baskets a splendid collection of that unique exotic, the pitcher 
 plant, nearly all of them in bloom and no two alike. 
 
 An eucalyptus, growing in free ground indoors, measuring 47 feet in height, 
 is one of the numerous attractive sights to be witnessed at the famous Hum- 
 boldt Park conservatory. The greenhouses at Humboldt are among the 
 largest and handsomest to be found anywhere. At the threshold are caught 
 glimpses of banks of color and vistas of verdure of the most entrancing char- 
 acter, and the air is richly perfumed by heliotrope, tuberose, and orange blos- 
 soms—a veritable paradise. In the palm-room, the central plateau resembles 
 a miniature tropical forest, and ranged around this are fern-covered and vine- 
 clad rockeries calculated to revive memories of dense woodlands. The 
 fernery, a separate room, is, without doubt, one of the most artistic creations 
 of the conservatory, being arranged to show to the best advantage those lovely 
 contrasts which are a prominent peculiarity in the foliage of this class of 
 plants. 
 
 South Parks.— Washington Park, Jackson Park and Midway Plaisance 
 
70 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 are known collectively and familiarly as "The South Paiks." The cost to 
 the city of the ground which they cover was $3,208,000. They are as yet in 
 their infancy, but even now they rank among the finest parks in the world. 
 
 Ashland Boulevard. — From West Lake street to West Twelfth street, or, 
 rather, from Union Park south to the boulevard extension of West Twelfth 
 street, which makes the connection with Douglas Park. The finest residence 
 street of the West Division. Elegant mansions rise on either side, from Mon- 
 roe street south. There are also some handsome church edifices on the boule- 
 vard, among them the Union Park Congregational, opposite Union Park; the 
 Third Presbyterian, between Mad ison and Monroe ; the Fourth Baptist, near the 
 intersectionof Ashland and Ogden avenues, and Epiphany Episcopalian, atthe 
 southeast corner of Adams street. The boulevard is a fashionable drive. It 
 is paved with asphaltum, and is the most perfect roadway in the city, This 
 boulevard connects Washington with Twelfth, thus completing a circular 
 drive which includes Douglas, Garfield and Union Parks. 
 
 Central Boulevard. — Connects Garfield with Humboldt Park; one and a 
 half miles in length; average width, 250 feet. Leaves Garfield Park at West 
 Kinzie street, runs north to Central Park avenue, east along Indiana street to 
 Sacramento Square, north to Augusta street and Humboldt Park. This, like 
 other West Side boulevards, has been neglected up to the present time, but 
 improvements are now contemplated or under way which will make it a 
 magnificent avenue. Even as it is at present, it is a pleasant drive between 
 the two parks. 
 
 Douglas Boulevard. — Running from the west side of Douglas Park, at 
 Albany avenue, west seven-eighths of a mile, then north seven- eighths of a 
 mile, to Garfield Park. The roadway is kept in good repair and the drive is 
 a beautiful one; but up to the present time, like the other West park boule- 
 vards, it has not received proper attention. The work of improvement, how- 
 ever, will now go on rapidly, and it is expected to be one of the finest of the 
 boulevards before 1893. It is a very popular drive, for the circuit from Union 
 Park to Garfield, then via Douglas boulevard to Douglas, and thence back by 
 Ogden and West Twelfth street boulevards to Ashland boulevard and point 
 of departure, completes a perfect summer evening's ride. 
 
 Douglas Pa?*&.— Area, 179.79 acres; situated four miles southwest of the 
 Court-house; bounded on the north by West Twelfth street, on the south by 
 West Nineteenth street, on the east by California avenue and on the west by 
 Albany avenue. The district in the vicinity of this park was almost entirely 
 destitute of residences ten years ago. Within a decade it has been built up, 
 however, until those who have not visited the section for four or five years, 
 or even two years, would hardly recognize it as the same. The popularity 
 of the park, which has always been a beautiful piece of ground, has increased 
 with the growth of the neighborhood and the improvement of the streets and 
 drives in the vicinity. Douglas Park is beautifully laid out, well wooded and 
 admirably situated. It has been cared for nicely of late years, and its lawns 
 and flower beds bear evidence of skillful and faithful attention. Some of the 
 avenues through this park are not surpassed by any in the city. The lake 
 covers an area of seventeen acres. There is a handsome boat-house and 
 refectory here. Douglas Park also has a medicinal artesian well with prop- 
 erties similar to those at Garfield and Humboldt Parks. The conservatories 
 and propagating houses are among the largest of the system. [See Con- 
 servatories.] Vast improvements are promised for Douglas Park within the 
 next two years. 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 71 
 
 Drexel Boulevard. — The eastern entrance to Washington Park commences 
 at Oakwood boulevard and the junction of Cottage Grove avenue and Thirty- 
 ninth street. It is a double driveway, 200 feet wide for its entire length, 
 running south to Drexel avenue and southwest from that point to the park. 
 Through the center is a wide strip of sward, covered here and there with beau- 
 tiful shrubs, rose bushes and mounds. Upon the latter, which are interspersed 
 with flower-beds of beautiful design, appear, during the summer season, 
 unique figures wrought from flowers and foliage, and which attract thousands 
 of sightseers annually. At the intersection of Drexel avenue is a magni- 
 ficent bronze fountain, presented by the Messrs. Drexel of Philadelphia, in 
 memory of their lather, after whom the boulevard was named. On either side 
 of the drivewaysare to be seen some of the handsomest mansionsand prettiest 
 villas of Chicago. At the head of the boulevard, a few steps from the 
 Cottage Grove avenue cable line, is the "Cottage" from which phaetons start, 
 at intervals through the day, for a circuit of the South Parks. 
 
 Gage Park.— Area, 20 acres; situated at the junction of Western avenue 
 and Garfield boulevard. It is laid out with trees, and will become a popular 
 halting or half-way station, when the boulevards which enter it are com- 
 pleted. 
 
 Garfield Boulevard — The first link in the chain which is intended to con- 
 nect the South Park with the West Park system; 200 feet wide; extends 
 along Fifty-fifth street from Washington Park to Gage Park, a distance of 
 about four miles, in a direct westerly course. This boulevard is in good 
 condition for driving, and soon will be completed. The plan is for a cen- 
 tral driveway, bordered by grass and rows of trees outside of which there is 
 to be on one side a roadway for equestrians, and on the other a carriageway, 
 the whole to be lined with elm trees. 
 
 Garfield Park. — Area 185 .87 acres, situated four miles directly west of the 
 Court-house; bounded by Madison street on the south, Lake street on the 
 north, and running a mile and a half west from the head of Washington 
 boulevard. This w T as formerly known as Central Park. The name was 
 changed in memory of President Garfield. The lake in the center of the 
 park covers an area of 17 acres. The park is extremely picturesque, the drives 
 and promenades being laid out in the most enchanting manner. The boat- 
 house is one of the finest to be seen in the park system. There is a hand- 
 some fountain here, the gift of Mrs. Mancel Talcott, and an artesian well 
 which furnishes half the city with medicinal mineral water. It is 2,200 feet 
 deep, and discharges at the rate of 150 gallons per minute. The water is 
 recommended for ansemia, diseases of the stomach and kidneys, and rheu- 
 matic disorders. Garfield Park is beautiful as it is, but just at present it is 
 receiving the attention of West Side citizens, who contemplate making many 
 improvements. Opposite the west end of the park on Madison street is the West 
 Side Driving Park; west of the park near the Lake street side are the exten- 
 sive shops of the West Division Railway Company. Just beyond the park on 
 Madison street is the Fortieth street power-house of this company, and the 
 terminus of the Madison street line. Connecting with the cable cars an elec- 
 tric railway line is now in operation, which carries passengers through ihe 
 town of Cicero, out by Austin, Oak Park, the Grant locomotive works and 
 other attractive points. 
 
 Grand Boulevard. — The western entrance to Washington park; 198 feet 
 in width; beginning at Thirty-fifth street and entering the park at its north- 
 
72 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 western angle. Is bordered by a double colonade of elms and strips of 
 sward. The road-bed is perfect for driving. On the western side a strip is 
 reserved for equestrians. Toward the southern end another strip is reserved 
 for speeding fast horses. It is one of the most fashionable drives in the city. 
 Following up the avenue connecting with Grand boulevard you are carried 
 past the "Retreat" and on to the Washington Park Race-track. By keep- 
 ing on the same course you may return by the flower-beds and back via 
 Drexel boulevard. 
 
 Humboldt Boulevard. — This boulevard is not completed nor in such con- 
 dition as to be worthy of the attention of the visitor. It is intended to con- 
 nect Lincoln and Humboldt parks. At present the drive between the two 
 most used is along North avenue; a good street, which touches at the south- 
 ern extremity of Lincoln and at the northern extremity of Humboldt. 
 While on this subject it might be well enough to say that the entire system 
 of western park boulevards are at this time receiving the serious attention of 
 the public. It is thought that all will be much improved before 1893. [See 
 West Park Improvement.] Humboldt boulevard as designed will be one of 
 the most beautiful of the system. Wrightwood avenue will probably be 
 taken to fill the gap between Lincoln park and the north branch of the Chi- 
 cago river. As shown in the commissioner's plans, Humboldt boulevard 
 runs west a mile and a quarter to Logan square, then south one-half mile to 
 Palmer place, which extending north two blocks opens into a third division 
 running south three-quarters of a mile into Humboldt park at North avenue. 
 The boulevard proper will be 250 feet wide; Logan square 400 by 800 feet; 
 Palmer place 4,000 by 1,750; total length of drive, three miles. 
 
 Humboldt Park.— Area, 200. 62 acres ; situated fo^ir miles northwest from 
 the Court House ; bounded on the north by West North avenue ; on the 
 south by Augusta street ; on the east by North California avenue, and on 
 the west by North Kedzie avenue. This is one of the prettiest of the West 
 Side parks. It is laid out beautifully, has a charming lake, splendid avenues; 
 is clothed in superb foliage, and in the summer season makes a magnificent 
 display of flowers. Its conservatory is conducted admirably. There is a 
 mineral artesian well here, 1,155 feet in depth. This park is the popular 
 resort of the northwestern part of the city, and forms one of the group of 
 three in the West Division. Immense improvements are contemplated, both 
 as regards the park proper and its boulevard connections. 
 
 Jackson Park.— Area, 586 acres ; about eight miles from the Court House; 
 bounded by Lake Michigan on the east ; Stony Island avenue on the west ; 
 Fifty-sixth street on the north ; and Sixty-seventh street on the south. This 
 beautiful park has been brought into great prominence of late by reason of 
 its selection as the site for a portion of the Columbian Exposition. About 
 one-third of the park had been improved up to the present year, although 
 immense works have been in progress for some time in preparing the unim- 
 proved portion for the public. These works included excavating and dredg- 
 ing for the chain of lakes which are to have connection with Lake Michigan ; 
 bridge and breakwater construction; leveling and embanking, and land- 
 scape gardening on an extensive scale. The improved portion of the park is 
 at the northern end. Here there is a broad stretch of sward which has been 
 used frequently as a parade ground by the militia, and by large picnic parties. 
 This is surrounded or hemmed in by a wooded avenue of great beauty, which 
 opens upon a sea-wall and a beautiful view of Lake Michigan. There is 
 
A ft 
 
 ££ 
 
 ■r-r- 
 
 [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 
 GEO. B. CARPENTER & CO.- FIFTH AVE. AND SOUTH WATER ST. 
 
 [See " Guide."] 
 

CHICAGO AS IT IS. 73 
 
 erected here an immense shelter, of great architectural beauty, where thou- 
 sands may, on occasion, he protected either from the heat of the sun or f 1 om 
 a sudden rainfall. The trees and shrubbery in the improved part of the 
 park, as well as the flowers, are very attractive, although the variety which 
 one finds in some of the other parks is lacking. The number of trees and 
 shrubs in the unimproved portion is comparatively small. About Sixty-first 
 street there is one clump of oaks and maple, shot here and therewith bunches 
 of fiery sumac. There is another and a larger grove west and north of this, 
 Beyond there, except for a few small bunches and a fringe along the west 
 fence, the unimproved portion is unbroken by wood. Jackson park will 
 have undergone such alterations before the close of the present year that time 
 spent in describing it as it is to-day would be time wasted. The opportunity 
 of making it the grandest park of the system presents itself, and it will 
 undoubtedly be taken advantage of. [See "World's Columbian Exposi- 
 tion."] 
 
 Jackson Boulevard. — West Jackson street from Halsted street to Gar- 
 field Park has finally been declared a boulevard by the Supreme Court. The 
 Park Commissioners will have the boulevard fully improved before the close 
 of 1891. 
 
 Lake Shore Drive. — This is the grandest boulevard drive in Chicago. 
 Beginning at the North Side Water- Works on Pine street it skirts the lake to 
 the northern extremities of Lincoln Park, where it connects with Sheridan 
 Road, which is nearly completed for 25 miles along the north shore. Before 
 reaching the park some of the most magnificent mansions in the city are 
 passedou the left. On V.n right is a fringe of sward, dotted with flower-beds 
 and covered with beautiful foliage in the summer months. The lake beats 
 against an embankment to the right, and frequently the spray is dashed across 
 the flower-beds when the sea is high. Reaching the park you pass through 
 beautiful avenues until you strike the Drive again. Here vast improvements 
 are being made. Some years ago the State legislature gave the Lincoln 
 Park Commissioners the right to issue bonds for $300,000 with which 
 to defend the shore line against the encroachments of storm-tossed 
 Lake Michigan. With that sum as a nucleus the commissioners designed 
 and began work on a system of improvements which, when completed, 
 will have cost a sum many times that raised from the original issue of 
 bonds. Enough has now been finished to give a general idea of the work as 
 it will appear when a continuous 3ea-wall will extend from Ohio street to 
 almost the extreme northern limit of the city. The work was commenced 
 in the Spring of 1888 at the foot of North avenue. Several hundred feet 
 out in the lake a line of piles was driven. Powerful dredging-machines were 
 placed in position and slowly but surely acre after acre was reclaimed from 
 the lake. It is at this point that the Lake Shore Drive joins the boulevard 
 now in course of construction. It will be finished this year. The 
 breakwater proper rests on piles driven thirty-five feet into the sand. On this 
 foundation granite blocks are laid and securely cemented. Back of this starts 
 the paved beach, forty feet in width, slanting at an angle of about twenty 
 degrees until it meets the granilethic promenade. This promenade is the 
 most attractive feature of the improvement and is destined to become famous. 
 Imagine a twenty -foot promenade, smooth as glass, three miles in length, 
 with Lake Michigan vainly striving to scale the paved beach to the east of it, 
 and a grand boulevard lined with carriages to the west of it ; a promenade 
 commanding on one side a magnificent view of the lake, and on the other a 
 
74 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 prospective of Lincoln Park with all its natural and acquired beauties. There 
 is nothing rigid in the lines of the promenade or boulevard. Without 
 detracting from the attractiveness of the sweeping crescent described by the 
 sea-wall at Jackson Park, it must be said that the sinuous curves marking the 
 contour of the Lincoln Park beach, promenade, boulevard and canal, are more 
 artistic and pleasing. The old shore-line has been followed as nearly as pos- 
 sible. It is hard to improve on nature. With the shifting sands as the only 
 obstacle to check their course, the waves have drawn along the beach curves 
 such as would delight a follower of Hogarth. When they planned the out- 
 lines of the drive-way the commissioners wisely decided to follow nature. 
 They have made no mistake. The objective point is Diversey avenue, the 
 northern limit of the park. Here the regatta course will end, but the sea- 
 wall and boulevard will be continued by the people of Lake View, who pro- 
 pose to make the Sheridan Road and the Lake Shore Drive continuous. The 
 sea-wali will be extended to Byron avenue, opposite Graceland cemetery. 
 It is thought that the park commissioners will be able to complete their 
 part of the work by the commencement of next winter. They will then have 
 added 100 acres to the area of the park, and have given to Chicago a boule- 
 vard and regatta course unequaled in the world. Between the new boulevard 
 and the park there will be three connecting points. There will be land con- 
 nection at the north and south ends of the park and a bridge at a point oppo- 
 site Webster avenue. The canal will connect with the lake at two points, one 
 opposite Wisconsin street and the other at Fulton avenue. The boulevard 
 will cross these connections on steel swinging bridges of a special construction. 
 It will be several years before the dreams of the designer will be fully realized. 
 Rows of shade trees will be planted to the east of the boulevard, and between 
 the trees and the edge of the regatta course the sloping lawn will be beautified 
 in the highest style of the landscape gardener's art. Between the west shore 
 of the regatta course and the present Lake Shore Drive is a tract of land now 
 piled high with stone and pine bark. This will be made one of the finest 
 features of the park. Planked thus on either side by verdure-decked banks, 
 the canal will wind its sinuous course towards what was Fisher's garden. 
 At no point will this placid stretch of water be less than 150 feet in 
 width, while the average is nearer 200. At the ends it is widened to 350 
 feet, so as to permit boats to make a sweeping turn. Hardly less 
 important is the improvement contemplated by the Lincoln Park Com- 
 missioners and the property owners who own the land fronting the 
 lake between Mm and Oak streets. The sea-wall ends at Elm street on the 
 south. With it the Lake Shore Drive practically comes to an end. The 
 problem which has ever confronted the boards of park commissioners is to 
 connect the North and South Side boulevard systems. In a recent message 
 to the city council. Mayor Cregier suggested that Michigan boulevard be con- 
 nected with a viaduct extending over the Illinois Central tracks and crossing 
 the river at some point between Rush street and the lake. An expensive plan, 
 there seems to be no other available. It is proposed to swing the boulevard 
 out into the lake, starting at Elm street. It will curve out 1,000 feet from the 
 present line and strike the existing beach at the foot of Ohio street. The Lake 
 Shore Drive has for years been the fashionable rendezvous of the North Side. 
 Thousands of carriages line the beautiful embankment on summerafternoons. 
 Lincoln Park. — Area, 250 acres, two and a half miles in width by one and 
 a half miles in length; bounded by Lake Michigan on the east; Clark street 
 on the west; North avenue on the south, and Diversey street on the south. 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 75 
 
 The southern portion was formerly a cemetery. The tomb of the Couch 
 family remains; all others were long since removed. First board of commis- 
 sioners appointed in 1869, since which time it has been under State super- 
 vision. There is embraced within this small piece of territory perhaps more 
 attractions than can be found in any park of the country. Where nature left 
 off art began, and the two have contributed toward making Lincoln Park the 
 most charming in the city. The visitor will be delighted with the undulating 
 character of the ground, the gracefully winding and curving avenues, which 
 stretch out in every direction; the beautiful lakes, the handsome bridges, the 
 splendid foliage, the magnificent statuary, the gorgeous banks, beds and 
 avenues of choicest flowers, the rare and wonderful shrubbery, the pretty 
 little dells, knolls and nooks, that lie half concealed beneath the noble trees, and 
 last, though not least, with the zoological collection, which has contributed in 
 no small degree toward makiog Lincoln Park famous. Here we find the 
 Grant monument, facing Lake Michigan on the Lake Shore drive. This mag- 
 nificent work of art was presented by the citizens of Chicago, and cost $100,000. 
 Here, also, is the Lincoln statue, by St. Gaudieur, facing the main entrance, 
 a splendid likeness of the great president, and pronounced one of the 
 finest pieces of sculpture in the world. This statue cost $50,000, and 
 was presented, together with a drinking fountain, by the late Eli Bates. 
 Here, also, are the "Indian Group'"' in bronze, presented "by the late 
 Martin Ryerson; the La Salle monument, presented by Lambert Tree, 
 and the Schiller monument, presented by German residents of Chicago. 
 An entire day may be spent pleasantly by the visitor in Lincoln Park. The 
 great conservatories, flower beds and zoological collection, can hardly be seen 
 in less time. There is a comfortable refectory in the boat-house on the main 
 lake. Boats may be rented at 25 cents an hour. 
 
 Lincoln Park Palm- House. — The plan of the new palm-house just erected at 
 Lincoln Park, drawn by Architect Silsbee, shows a beautiful structure of steel 
 and glass, light, airy and picturesque, sixty feet high, resting upon a bowlder 
 foundation of split granite. The main building is 168x70 feet, with a rear exten- 
 sion of seventy feet, making the entire length of the structure 238 feet. In front 
 of the main building there is to be alobby 25x60 feet, which is approached by a 
 vestibule twenty feet square. The interior of the main building shows an 
 unbroken stretch, save a few light supporting iron columns for the glass roof. 
 The conservatory is in the rear of the palm-house. It is thirty feet wide. At 
 the extreme north end is a room 30x60 feet, which will be exclusively devoted 
 to the culture of orchids. This room will be further beautified by a sort of 
 observatory tower built of pressed brick and terra-cotta trimmings. The 
 building will be erected on two terraces northeast of the present canal vista 
 and the animals' summer quarters. The terraces occupy the space due north 
 of the present green-houses. The latter structure will be removed as soon as 
 the new palm-house is completed. The main approach to the palm-house will 
 be from the floral gardens. The new house will cost $60,000. 
 
 Michigan Avenue Boulevard. — Michigan avenue, from Jackson street on 
 the north to Thirty-fifth street on the south, a distance of three and a quarter 
 miles. It is 100 feet wide from curb to curb, and skirts the Lake Front Park, 
 the site for a portion of the Columbian Exposition. Formerly the ultra fash- 
 ionable residence street of the city. Now undergoing a transformation. [See 
 "Michigan Avenue."] 
 
 Midway Plaisance. — Area, 80 acres; a woodland drive connecting Wash- 
 
76 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 ington with Jackson Park, and, although unimproved to any extent worth 
 mentioning up to this year, one of the most beautiful and romantic avenues 
 within the park system. It runs between Fifty-ninth and Sixtieth streets, 
 and is one and one-tenth miles in length. The Midway Plaisance, with 
 adjoining lands added, will become the site of a portion of the Columbian 
 Exposition. The plans for improvement during the next two years are elab- 
 orate. [See "World's Columbian Exposition."] 
 
 North and South Side Viaduct. — If a great viaduct instead of a sub- 
 way is decided upon it will take the following route: Beginning at 
 a. point on St Clair street south of Ohio, at a point where the 
 Sheridan drive now terminates, the viaduct of solid masonry work fifty feet 
 wide, exclusive of pedestrian ways on each side, takes its rise. South on St. 
 Clair to Michigan street, thence southwestwardly across Michigan street and 
 the parallel railroad tracks; thence south along and over a private street 
 between Kirk's soap factory and the McCormick, thence by a drawbridge 
 across the river and by a long span across the Goodrich steamer docks to 
 Front street, west on Front to a private street which is a continuation of Cen- 
 tral avenue, and south along this private street and Central avenue to the 
 Randolph street viaduct, at which point it begins to fall. By easy stages from 
 the viaduct in a southwestwardly direction, the new viaduct is traced across 
 the northwest corner of the unimproved part of the Lake Front Park to Mich- 
 igan avenue and Washington street, where it comes to the level of the avenue. 
 
 Oakwood Boulevard. — Connects Drexel and Grand boulevards; 100 feet 
 wide and half a mile long. It enters Grand boulevard at Thirty -ninth 
 street, and touches Drexel boulevard at its intersection with Cottage Grove 
 avenue. 
 
 Ogden Boulevard. — Running southwest from the junction of West Twelfth 
 street boulevard and Oakley avenue. Not yet completed, but being rapidly 
 pushed forward. It will connect Ashland and West Twelfth street boule- 
 vards with Douglas Park. 
 
 Thirty-Fifth Street Boulevard. — The connecting link between Grand and 
 Michigan avenue boulevards; sixty-six feet wide and one-third of a mile in 
 length. 
 
 Union Park.— Area, 14.3 acres; situated one and three-quarter miles 
 directly west of the Court House; bounded by Warren avenue on the south, 
 Lake street on the north, Ogden avenue on the east and Ashland avenue on 
 the west. This park, one of the oldest in the city, only passed into the hands 
 of the Park Commissioners a few years ago. Since then it has undergone many 
 alterations and improvements. On the northeast corner of the park stands 
 the headquarters of the West Park Board. The lake has recently been 
 enlarged and rebedded; many unsightly mounds have been cut away, and 
 every year will add to its attractiveness in the future. The portion of the 
 park, through which Washington boulevard passes, is laid out in flower beds. 
 This is one of the most popular West Side breathing places in the summer, and 
 on Sundays it is usually crowded. 
 
 Washington Boulevard.— The continuation of West Washington street, 
 west from Halsted street to Garfield Park, and the driveway from the center 
 of the city to the parks and boulevards of the West Park System. Passes 
 through Union Park, a beautiful square. Tin's boulevard is lined for the 
 entire distance of nearly three miles with handsome re^idenCPS. Large shade 
 trees and a continuous strip of green sward fringe cither side of the avenue. 
 
CHICACxO AS IT IS. 77 
 
 On Washington boulevard are many fine church edifices. The Chicago 
 Theological Seminary is passed at Union Park and Warren avenue; the 
 Episcopalian Seminary on the north side, west of California avenue. 
 
 Washington Park. — Area, 371 acres; situated about one and a quarter 
 miles west of Lake Michigan and about six and a half miles southeast of the 
 Court House; bounded on the east by Kankakee avenue, on the west by Cot- 
 tage Grove avenue, on the north by Fifty-first street and on the south by Six- 
 tieth street. The finest of Chicago's parks, more by reason of its magnificent 
 entrances, Drexel and Grand boulevards, than by any great natural or artificial 
 attraction of its own, although its flower beds are the most beautiful of any. 
 It lacks many of the advantages which are enjoyed by Lincoln and Jackson 
 Parks, the contiguity of the lake being of itself one oi the greatest charms of 
 the two last named. It can not boast of a zoological garden that will com- 
 pare with Lincoln Park's, nor of the magnificent monuments that are making 
 the north shore park classical ground. But South Park has statelier trees, 
 grander avenues, more sweeping perspectives, more charming drives than any 
 other park in the city. It has the famous "Meadow," a stretch of velvety 
 sward that covers 100 acres and the " Mere," with its thirteen acres of water, 
 picturesquely sparkling behind long lines of ancient oaks and elms, and bath- 
 ing the emerald banks of the mounds and knolls which almost conceal it from 
 the view of the passing visitor. It has also its great conservatory [see 
 Conservatories] and its splendid stables, which cover 325x200 feet, and 
 through which you will be driven if you take a park phaeton. It has its 
 delightful refectory, known as the " Retreat," where refreshments are served 
 for man and beast, but its flower gardens are its greatest boast, ai d here the 
 visitor will pause the longest, for the angle in front of the flower house is 
 probably the most seductive spot Chicago has to offer the lover of the beauti- 
 ful in nature. Here you will find, during the months between May and 
 November, the best exhibition of the landscape gardening art in the world. 
 Flowers and foliage are made to do, in the hands of the gardener, what the 
 brush and palette accomplish for the artist. The designs are changed annu- 
 ally, and are always original, always interesting and always lovely. An 
 entire day can be very pleasantly spent in Washington Park. 
 
 West Twelfth Street Boulevard. — West from Ashland avenue to Oakley 
 avenue, were it connects with Ogden boulevard, which runs in a southwest- 
 erly direction to Douglas Park. This boulevard is planted with a double 
 row of trees and parked through the center, street cars and traffic teams tak- 
 ing the roadways on either side. It is a splendid driveway and is becoming 
 more and more popular every year. 
 
 Western Avenue Boulevard. — A zig-zag boulevard is projected to connect 
 Douglas Park with Western avenue, which it is proposed to boulevard south 
 to Gage Park. From the latter point, a boulevard is to extend east to Wash- 
 ington Park, thus connecting the West and South Side park systems. For 
 some inscrutable reason the east and west boulevard last mentioned is called 
 Garfield, probably with tho idea in view of creating still more confusion in 
 the nomenclature of streets, which is confused badly enough now to be a con- 
 stant annoyance to residents. How strangers will be able to grapple with the 
 intricacies of street, avenue and boulevard names is uncertain. The boule- 
 vard known as Western avenue is not beyond the point of projection, and 
 neither is the boulevard known as Garfield, but it is probable that the com- 
 pletion of these connecting links will now be hastened, as tboy will open up a 
 driveway from the great southwestern portion of the city to the Columbian 
 Exposition site. [See Map.] 
 
78 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 City Parks. — There are a number of small but very pretty parks scattered 
 throughout the city, not under the control of the State Park Commissioners. 
 These are maintained at the expense of the municipal government. Many of 
 them, as a matter of fact, are of far more importance to the neighborhoods in 
 which they are situated than the larger and more pretentious ones. Among 
 these are the following: On the South Side: Lake Park, known more 
 familiarly as the Lake Front ; bounded by Lake Michigan on the east, 
 Michigan avenue boulevard on the west, Randolph street on the north and Park 
 place on the south. From Randolph street to Madison has been vacant in 
 the past; the space between Madison and Jackson has been covered with 
 the B. & O. railroad passenger depot, the First Regiment Armory, Battery D 
 Armory and the Inter-State Exposition buildings; and the space between 
 Jackson street and Park place only has been improved as a park. The area of 
 the park proper is forty-one acres. This is all made ground, having been 
 recovered from the lake by filling in with the debris of the great fire. Lake 
 Park has come into prominence of late by reason of its having been selected 
 as the site of a portion of the Columbian Exposition [see ' ' World's Columbian 
 Exposition "]. The park has been very popular with the business people of 
 the South Side, not because of its attractions, but rather on account of the 
 large area of free breathing space which it gives contiguous to the business 
 center. Groveland and Woodlawn parks adjoin each other on Cottage Grove 
 avenue, near Thirty third street. Take Cottage Grove avenue car. These 
 parks, together with the University grounds, which were opposite, Were a 
 gift from the Hon. Stephen A. Douglas. The University has been aban- 
 doned, and the buildings removed. [See "University of Chicago."] The 
 Dearborn Observatory, which was formerly attached to the University, has 
 become a part of the Northwestern University at Evanston, the great tele- 
 scope having been transferred to the care of that college by the trustees. 
 [See Northwestern University.] Douglas Monument Square; area, 2.02 acres; 
 situated on the Lake shore, between Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth streets, and 
 close to the two parks last mentioned. Take Illinois Central train to Thirty- 
 fifth street. Here stands the mausoleum and monument to Stephen A. 
 Douglas [See " Douglas Monument"], a pretty little square; from which a 
 splendid view of Lake Michigan may be obtained. Ellis Park; area, 3.38 
 acres; situated four miles south of the Court House; between Vincennes and 
 Cottage Grove avenues, at Thirty-seventh street. Aldine Square; area, 1.44 
 acres; situated at Thirty-seventh street and Vincennes avenue, which is 
 surrounded by beautiful private residences, and a number of other smaller 
 squares and parks, farther to the south. West Side: Jefferson Park, area, 5.5 
 acres; situated between Adams street on the south, Monroe street on the 
 north, Throop street on the east and Loomis street on the west. Take Adams 
 street car to Centre avenue or Madison street cable line to Throop street. A 
 beautiful and popular little park, with many attractive features. Vernon 
 Park; area, 4 acres; situated between Gilpin place on the south, Macalister 
 place on the north, Centre avenue on the east and Loomis street on the west. 
 Two miles from the Court House. Take Adams street or West Taylor street 
 cars. Wicker Park; area, 4 acres; situated in the triangle between Park, 
 North Robey and Fowler streets; three miles northwest from the Court 
 House. Take Milwaukee avenue cable line. North Side: Washinffton 
 Square; area, 2.25 acres; situated between North Clark street. Dearborn 
 avenue, Lafayette place and Washington place. This is a popular resort for 
 North Siders who do not care to go as far as Lincoln Park, and for children. 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 79 
 
 There are other parks and squares not mentioned here, such as Campbell and 
 Congress parks on the West Side and Dearborn park on the South Side. The 
 former has no attractions for the visitor. The latter is fenced in and is the 
 proposed site of the new Public Library building. Its area is 1.43 acres, 
 and it is situated on Michigan avenue, facing east, between Dearborn and 
 Washington streets, opposite the north end of the Lake Front. 
 
 West Side Park Improvement. — A committee of one hundred West Side 
 residents has in charge the matter of improving the West Side parks and 
 boulevards immediately. The step the property owners believe it necessary 
 to take is t*he issuance of not less than $1,000,000 in bonds and the levying of 
 a tax of not less than six mills. The improvements contemplated are as fol- 
 lows: The total length of Humboldt boulevard as planned is 13,2383^ lineal 
 feet, comprising an area of ninety acres. Logan square is 400 feet wide, and 
 Palmer square is the same. From Palmer square to North avenue the boule- 
 vard is, for a considerable distance, 317 feet wide. Humboldt Park contains 
 over two hundred acres. While less than half is improved and beautified at 
 present, the whole is to be brought under the hand of the artist and land- 
 scape architect within the next two years. Of the two and one-half miles of 
 public streets fronting on Humboldt Park, but one and one-half miles are at 
 present improved. The new plans contemplate the improvement and orna- 
 mentation of the whole distance. Central boulevard, from Augusta street 
 to Grand avenue, a distance of 890 feet, is 400 feet wide; from Grand avenue 
 to Sacramento square, a distance of 2,206 feet, it is 263 feet wide. Sacra- 
 mento square is to be a 400 foot square, and from that point the boulevard is 
 to be 250 feet wide until it reaches Central Park square, which is a distance 
 of 3,662 feet. Central Park square is to be a 400-foot square. The seventy- 
 five acres of unimproved grounds in Garfield Park are to be put in splendid 
 order, and the three miles of unimproved public streets surrounding it are to 
 be put in much better shape than the quarter of a mile of the same already 
 improved. Douglas boulevard will be 250 wide from Colorado avenue to 
 the square south of Twelfth street, which is a distance of 4,077 feet. The 
 square will be the usual 400 feet, and the boulevard from that point to Doug- 
 las Park will be 250 feet wide. Douglas Park has ninety-six and a half acres 
 improved and eighty-three and a half acres unimproved. The latter is to be 
 beautified under the new plans, and all the public streets which surround the 
 park are to undergo a transformation. Southwestern boulevard will be 250 
 feet wide from the park to the east turn, which is a distance of 2.950 feet, 
 and will run a uniform width for its whole length of 11,148 feet. The plans 
 also include the addition of many attractions to the parks. These will 
 include lakes in the now unimproved portions, buildings for the accommoda- 
 tion of visitors, cafes, boating facilities, lawns, flowers, trees and pavilions. In 
 short, the system when completed will be the finest in the world. The total 
 length of all the boulevards ouside of the parks, as planned under the new 
 order of things, is nearly eighteen miles. This will make the whole drive on 
 the West Side nearly twenty-two miles. 
 
 POLICE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The police department of the city of Chicago is under the official control 
 of the mayor and is conducted by a general superintendent (Robert W. 
 McClaughrey); an assistant superintendent (George W. Hubbard); a secretary 
 
80 GUIDE TO CHICAGO.. 
 
 with the rank of captain (Jos. B. Shepard); a private secretary to the general 
 superintendent (Thomas L. Perkins); a chief inspector (Fred. H. Marsh); four 
 division inspectors (Lyman Lewis, commanding the first division; Nicholas 
 Hunt, commanding the second division; Alexander 8. Ross,' commanding the 
 third division, and Michael J. Schaack, commanding the fourth division) ; 
 16 captains, 52 lieutenants, 56 patrol sergeants and 86 desk sergeants. The 
 total force, including officers and men, number 2,503. 
 
 Bureau, of Identification. — This bureau is in charge of Michael P. Evans, 
 who has held the position almost continuously for the past 11 years. Under 
 his management and by the aid of his valuable assistants — (Geo. M. Porteous, 
 Victor George, Andrew Rohan, Edgar Marsh, Sidney Wetmore and Walter 
 Mueller), the bureau has become a valuable adjunct of the detective depart- 
 ment. It contains the pictures of more thai 12,000 criminals; many of them 
 the most noted criminals in the country. v J?he Bertillon system of measure- 
 ments was adopted by the department some years ago, and is conducted 
 by Geo. M. Porteous, whose knowledge of the system was acquired under the 
 instruction of M. Bertillon, the father of the system at Paris, France. The 
 Bureau now contains'the measurements of about 4,000 criminals. 
 
 " Central Detail.''— This old, familiar title, as applied to those policemen 
 who do patrol duty during the day time in the central part of the city, at 
 bridges, railroad depots, street crossings, etc., has been abolished. The Cen- 
 tral Detail police are now attached to the " First Precinct, First District, First 
 Division." This precinct patrols that portion of the South Division of the 
 city lying north of the center of Van Buren street. It contains the greater 
 portion of the wholesale mercantile and banking interests of the city, and has 
 an area of about one square mile of territory, containing about 40,000 inhab- 
 itants. The command at present includes the following officers; 1 captain, 
 3 lieutenants, 3 patrol sergeants,? desk sergeants, 164 patrolmen on permanent 
 post duty, 57 patrolmen on patrol udty, 2 patrolmen in plain dress, 4 patrol- 
 men detailed in signal^ service, 3 patro'm n detailed as vehicle inspectors, 1 
 patrolman detailed on licences. Total, 241. 
 
 Cost of Maintenance.— The amount appropriated for the maintenance of 
 the Police Department in 1891 was, for salaries, new sites for buildings and 
 for miscellaneous expenses, about $3,000,000. 
 
 Detective Department. — The Detective department and Bureau of Identi- 
 fication (Rogues Gallery) is under the control of Chief Inspector F. H. Marsh, 
 with headquarters at the City Hall. The force consists of 1 Chief Inspector, 
 1 Captain (John Shea), 1 Detective Sergeant (L. Hass), and 50 Detective 
 Sergeants. They are not uniformed. Under the present organization the 
 department has become very effective and has done some very fine detective 
 work for which they have been very highly complimented. 
 
 Division Headquarters and Precincts: — The following are the Division 
 Headquarters, with commanding officeis and precincts as established in 1892 
 
 First Division: Inspector, Lyman Lewis. Headquarters, Harrison and 
 Pacilic Avenue. 1st, Di. -trier, 1st Pecinct, City Hall, formerly the central 
 detail. 2nd District, 2nd Precinct, Harrison and Pacific Ave. 2nd District, 
 3r,l Precinct, 2'3nd ami Weniworth Ave. 2nd District, 4th Precinct, 2523 
 • Vttaiie G'ove Av<\ 5rd Dis'rict. 5th Precinct, 144 35(11 St. (Stanton Ave.) 
 3rd District, 6ih P.eeinct, Thirty-fifth near Halstcd. 3rd District, 7th Pre- 
 
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CHICAGO AS IT IS. 81 
 
 cinct, 2913 Deering St. 3rd District, 8th Precinct, (Brighton Park,) Califor- 
 nia Ave., near 38th St. 3rd District, 9th Precinct, . 
 
 Second Division: Inspector, Nicholas Hunt. Headquarters, 53id St. and 
 Lake Ave. 4th District, 10th Precinct, 53rd and Lake Ave. 4th District, 
 11th Precinct, 50th and State St. 5th District, 12th Precinct (Woodlawn 
 Station,) 321 63rd St. 5th District, 13th Precinct (Grand Crossing,) Dobson 
 Ave bet. 75th and 76th Sts. 5th District, 14th Precinct (Kensington.) Ken- 
 sington Ave. and Front St. 6th District, 15th Precinct (South Chicago,) 93id 
 and So. Chicago Ave. 6th District, 16th Precinct, (Hegewisch, 134th St. and 
 Superior Ave. 7th District, 17th Precinct (Englewood,)64th St. and Went- 
 worth Ave. 7th District, 18th Precinct, to be opened at 86th St. and Vin- 
 cennes Ave. 8th District, 19th Precinct, Mattson and Halsted Sts. 8ih Dis- 
 trict, 20th Precinct, 
 
 Third Division: Inspector, A. S. Ross. Headquarters, Desplaines and 
 Waldo Place. 9th District, 21st Precinct, Morgan and Maxwell St. 9th Dis- 
 trict, 22nd Precinct, Canalport Ave. near Halsted. 9th District, 23rd Pre- 
 cinct, cor. Hinman and Paulina Sts. 9th District, 24th Precinct, West 13th 
 St. near Oakley Ave. 9ih District, 25th Precinct (Lawndale.) 9th District, 
 
 26th Precinct. 10th District, 27th Precinct, Desplaines St. near Waldo 
 
 Place. 10th District, 28th Precinct, 609 W. Lake St. 10th District, 29th 
 Precinct, 256 Warren Ave. 10th District, 30th Precinct, W. Lake and. 43rd St. 
 10th District, 31st Precinct, 
 
 Fourth Division: Inspector, M. J. Schaack Headquarters, E. Chicago 
 Ave. Station. 11th District 32nd Precinct, 233 W. Chicago Ave. 11th Dis- 
 trict, 33rd Precinct, 99 W. North Ave. 11th District, 34th Precinct, W. 
 North Ave. near Milwaukee Ave. 11th District, 35th Precinct, Milwaukee 
 Ave., and Attrell St. 11th District, 36th Precinct (Irving Park,) Milwau- 
 kee Ave. and Irving Park Blvd. 11th District, 37th Precinct. 12th 
 
 District, 38th Precinct, E. Chicago Ave., near N. Clark St. 12th District, 
 39th Precinct, Larrabee St. and North Ave. 12th District, 40th Precinct, 
 958 N. Halsted St. 13th District, 41st Precinct (Lake View,) Sheffield Ave., 
 near Diversey St. 13th District, 42nd Precinct, Halsted and Addison Sts. 
 13th District, 43rd Precinct, 
 
 Headquarters. — The headquarters of the police department are located in 
 the City Hall. 
 
 Police Matrons,. — There are twenty-five matrons each receiving $630 per 
 annum, they are employed at the principal precinct stations to care for 
 females and children arrested. Under Chief McClaughrey an advisory board 
 lias been organized composed of ladies selected by the different women's 
 organizations in the city, whose duty it is to investigate and report to the 
 General Superintendent ihe manner in which these matrons perform their 
 duty, and to recommend such improvements as they deem proper. 
 
 Patrol System. — The Patrol Wagon system, which is worked to perfec- 
 tion in this city, had its origin in Chicago. From the patrol boxes located at 
 convenient corners, or by telephone from any point, place of business or 
 residence, a patrol wagon containing from four to eight police officers may 
 be summoned at any hour of the day or night. The response is quick, sur- 
 prisingly so to strangers, who are always interested in its operaiion. The 
 telephone and telegraph are constantly employed in connection with the 
 police system of Chicago, and some arrests of dangerous and notorious 
 
82 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 characters have been made within recent months by the operations of this 
 system that could not have been accomplished under the old methods. The 
 patrol service is also an ambulance corps, and renders valuable assistance in 
 rescuing the injured in accidents, or in carrying to hospitals those who are 
 suddenly stricken with illness. Besides the patrol wagons there are two 
 regular ambulances connected with the department, and others are to be 
 added. The number of patrol wagons in the service is 35. 
 Policemen's Benevolent Association.— Condition at chse of 1891: 
 
 Cash on hand January 1, 1891 . $11,456 
 
 Receipts during- 1891 62,915 
 
 Total $74,371 
 
 Expenditures during- 1891 $67,558 
 
 Balance January 1. 189-2 6,813 
 
 The number of members in the association January 1, 1892, was 1,643. 
 
 The officers for 1891 are: President, Sergt William Dollard; Vi/'e-Presi- 
 dent, Sergt. Ridoloh Saad^rson: Treasurer, Michael Brennan; Recording 
 Secretary, Daniel Hogan; Financial Secretary, William S. McGuire. 
 
 POPULATION STATISTICS. 
 
 The present ratio of gain in the population of the city of Chicago is 
 estimated at 1,000 per week. In the last twenty-two months, or, say ninety 
 weeks intervening between the time of the completion of the school census, 
 in June, 1890, and the present time, April, 1892, 90,000 persons would, there- 
 fore, be added to the population of the city. The school census figures were 
 1,208,669. Add 90,000, and we have 1,298,669. Add additions to population 
 by annexation, since June, 1890, say 10,000, and we have 1,308,669. It is 
 perfectly safe, therefore, to claim for Chicago in the spring of 1892, in 
 round numbers, a population of one million three hundred thousand. 
 The statements which follow are all based upon the last school census returns. 
 
 Nationalities Represented.— Chicago is a thoroughly cosmopolitan city. 
 Less than one-fourth of her people are of American birth — fully one-third 
 of the 292,463 native-born citizens are of immediate foreign extraction. The 
 following is a careful estimate of the nationalities represented. 
 
 American 292,463 
 
 German 384,9.i8 
 
 Irish 215,534 
 
 Bohemian 54,209 
 
 Polish 52,756 
 
 Swedish 45,877 
 
 Norwegian 44,615 
 
 English 33,785 
 
 French 12,963 
 
 Scotch 11,927 
 
 Welsh 2,966 
 
 Russian 9,977 
 
 Danes 9,891 
 
 Italians 9,921 1^08,66J 
 
 Hollanders 
 
 4,912 
 
 Hungarians 
 
 4,827 
 
 Swiss 
 
 . . .. L',735 
 
 Roumanians 
 
 4,35U 
 
 
 6, 9b 9 
 
 
 682 
 
 Greeks 
 
 69S 
 
 
 ^97 
 
 Portuguese 
 
 34 
 
 East Indians 
 
 28 
 
 West Indians 
 
 .. . . 37 
 
 Sandwich Tslanders 
 
 31 
 
 Mongolians 
 
 .... . 1,217 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 83 
 
 Population by Divisions. — According to the census of 1880 the South 
 Division had a population of 127,266, the West Division 276,321, and the 
 North Division 99,717. Between 1880 and 1889 the West gained rapidly on 
 the other sides, until, before the annexation of adjoining towns, it was esti- 
 mated to contain two-thirds of all the inhabitants in the city. The acquisi- 
 tion of the populous towns of Hyde Park and Lake, on the South, and Lake 
 View and Jefferson, on the North, by the vote of 1889, however, swelled the 
 population of these divisions to a point which considerably weakened the 
 ascendency of the West Division. 
 
 Growth by Wards. — In order to illustrate the rapidity with which the 
 population of Chicago increases, the following tables, showing the increase 
 in the inhabitants of the different wards between 1888 and 1890 is given. 
 Comparison is made between the school census returns of both years: 
 
 Ward. 
 
 Population in 
 1890. 
 
 Population in 
 
 1888. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 1 
 
 44,897 
 30,652 
 30,511 
 31,415 
 40,642 
 45,199 
 45,699 
 36,539 
 41,411 
 42,925 
 37,182 
 52,127 
 37,501 
 40,724 
 42,342 
 58,699 
 28,333 
 3*, 126 
 48,590 
 27,126 
 35,335 
 36,505 
 41,519 
 35.120 
 
 32,333 
 26,964 
 28,052 
 26,236 
 40,067 
 40,512 
 36,398 
 33,497 
 36,592 
 33,435 
 32,298 
 40,536 
 32,023 
 31,350 
 29,761 
 50,750 
 24,589 
 31.667 
 41,671 
 22,597 
 30,620 
 32,283 
 38,579 
 30,141 
 
 12,564 
 3,688 
 2,459 
 5,179 
 675 
 4,687 
 9,301 
 3,342 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 " 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 4,819 
 9,490 
 
 10 
 
 1L 
 
 12 
 
 13 ...... 
 
 14 
 
 4,884 
 11,591 
 5,478 
 9,374 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 12,681 
 7,949 
 
 17 
 
 IS 
 
 3,744 
 4,459 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 6,919 
 4,715 
 4,529 
 
 2i 
 
 4,222 
 
 23 
 
 2,940 
 
 24 
 
 4,979 
 
 These are the old wards, 
 pared with the population of 
 
 The population of the new wards must be com- 
 the townships in which they are situated. 
 
 Toivnships. 
 Lake View 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Part of Cicero — 
 
 Wards. 
 
 4 25 
 ••126 
 ... 27 
 .. 28 
 
 Lake 
 
 -{30 
 
 I 31 
 (32 
 
 Hyde Park ^33 
 
 (34 
 
 The large increase in the 
 greatportion of it, containin 
 
 Population 
 in 1890. 
 23,788 
 28,003 
 11,368 
 8,785 
 31,139 
 49,718 
 21,586 
 29,412 
 29,230 
 29,611 
 
 Population 
 in 1888. 
 
 1 46,164 
 11,552 
 6,850 
 
 84,585 
 
 67,062 
 
 Increase. 
 5,627 
 1,935 
 
 17,860 
 11,191 
 
 population of Jefferson was due to the fact that a 
 5 about 4,000 persons, was annexed during 1889. 
 
84 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Following is the population by Divisions, according to the school census 
 of 1890: 
 
 Total population of South Division, comprising the South Town wards 
 and those of Lake and Hyde Park, male, 222,077; female, 191,845; total, 
 413,922. 
 
 Total population West Division, comprising the West Town wards and 
 Twenty-eighth ward (annexed portion of Cicero), male, 297,722; female, 
 258,261; total, 555,983. 
 
 Total population North Division, comprising the North Side wards and 
 those of Lake View and Jefferson, male, 126,091; female, 112,673; total 
 238,764. 
 
 Population Summary. — Of the 1,208,669 inhabitants in Chicage in 1890, 
 645,890 were males and 562,779 were females. There were 735,435 persons 
 over 21 years of age, of whom 409,676 were males and 325,759 were females. 
 The total number of persons under 21, 473,234 ; 236,214 being males and 
 237,020 being females. The number of school children between 6 and 14 
 was males, 84,272 ; females, 81,344 ; total 165,621 . The total number of chil- 
 dren under 6 was 183,801. The blind numbered 183 ; deaf and dumb, 427 — 
 males, 203 ; females, 224. The total number of pupils in private schools was 
 39,906 ; total number of pupils in public schools 135.551. The total number 
 of children under 21 who had finished their studies was 35,246, while there 
 were 35 246 who had to work but would have attended school had they an 
 opportunity. The total number betveen 12 and 21 who could not refrd 
 or write English was but 2,599, of whom 1,200 were males. The total 
 number between 6 and 14 who did not attend school was 6,216. Thecolored 
 people of all ages in the city were 14,490—7,932 males, 6,558 females. The 
 Mongolians numbered 1,217, of whom only 10 were females. The population 
 of the annexed districts was 262,640, as against 21 6 213 in 1889, and within 
 the old city boundaries 946,029, as against 802,651 in 1889. 
 
 Population of Cook County.— The population of Cook County, 111., in 
 which Cnicago is situated, according to the United States Census of June, 1890, 
 was 1,189,258 against 607,524 in 1880. This is grossly incorrect. The pop- 
 ulation of the county outside of the city is not less than 100,000, which, added 
 to the estimate of 1,300,000 for the city at the present time, makes the 
 population of Cook county 1,400,000. 
 
 Population of Rlin-ois. — The population of Illinois, according to the 
 United States ceusus of June, 1890, was 3,801,285, which gave her the third 
 place among the States of the Union — New York ranking first and Pennsyl- 
 vania, second. By census districts the count was as follows : 
 
 First District 1,225,292 
 
 Seco i id District 842,500 
 
 Third District 393,155 
 
 Fourth District 400,092 
 
 Fifth District 370,000 
 
 Sixth District 384,928 
 
 Seventh District 382,940 
 
 Eighth District 352,378 
 
 Total 3,801,285 
 
 If the error made in the couut of Chicago, which is included in the first 
 district, be taken into account, and the gain in population since June, 1890, 
 be added, the population of Illinois in April, 1891, can be fairly said to exceed 
 four millions. 
 
c <J 
 
 d ft, 
 
 6 Z 
 
 o J 
 
 <-> 3 
 
 % <-> 
 
 1 5 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 85 
 
 POST-OFFICE. 
 
 The limits or jurisdiction of the postmaster of the Chicago Post-office 
 covers less than one-third of the area of the city proper, the outlying post- 
 offices being entirely distinctive, and having postmasters of their own. [See 
 " Outlying Chicago Post-Offices. "] The central or general office is located 
 in the business portion of the city. It has eleven carrier stations and twenty 
 sub-postal stations, distributed at various points within said jurisdiction. 
 The force employed consists of about 76i) regular carriers, 200 substitute 
 carriers, 842 regular clerks, sixty substitute clerks, and about 90 persons in 
 charge of Sub Stations and Stamp Agencies, making a total of 1701 paid 
 employes. Of this force, 105 carriers, 57 horses and 52 wagons are employed 
 in the collection of the mail from the street letter-boxes. 
 
 Branch Offices. — The city branch post-offices, or sub-stations, are located 
 as follows : North Division Station, 355 and 359 N. Clark, N. W. corner of 
 Oak, Supt. Theodore Stemming; Northwest Station, 517 Milwaukee av.,Supt. 
 W. L. Householder; West Division Station, W. Washington, cor. S. Halsted, 
 Supt. John Davy ; West Madison Street Station, 981 W. Madison, Supt. R.F. 
 Taylor; Southwest Station, 548 Blue Island a ve., Supt. John Vanderpoel; South 
 Division Station, 3217 Stale, Supt. Joseph Harvey ; Cottage Grove Station, 
 3704 Cottage Grove ave., Supt. Peter H. Witt ; Stock Yard Station, S. Hal- 
 sted cor. 42d, Supt. Frank H. Ketchum ; Lake View Station, 1353 Diversey 
 ave., Supt. Hjnry Bonnefoi ; Humboldt Park Station, 1576 Milwaukee ave., 
 Supt. Henry Spink ; Hyde Park Station, 142 Fifty-third, Supt. H. A. 
 Phillips. Sub-Postal Stations: Twenty-second Street Station, 86 Twenty- 
 second, Supt. E. F. Brooks ; Ogden Avenue Station, 324 Ogden ave., Supt. 
 Wm. E. Waite. 
 
 City Delivery. — Free delivery of letters by faithful carriers will be secured 
 by having the letters addressed to the street and number. 
 
 Closing of Foreign Mails— Foreign visitors will be guided by the following 
 rules of the closing of mails: Mails for Great Britain and Ireland dispatched 
 in closed bags as follows: Sundays, Mondays and Thursdays via New York, 
 close 4 p. m. For Denmark, Norway and Sweden, dispatched in closed 
 bags, Sundays, Mondays and Thursdays close 4 p. m. For Germany, dis- 
 patched in closed bags, Mondays and Thursdays. For China, Japan, New 
 Zealand, Australia, Sandwich Islands, Fiji Islands, Samoa, and special 
 addressed matter for Siam, close daily at 2 p. m., sent to San Francisco for 
 dispatch in closed bags from that office. Note: Mails for countries not 
 named above close daily 4 p. m. and are sent to New York for dispatch in 
 the closed bags from that office. For Canada, Province Ontario and Quebec, 
 close 7 a. m. and 8 p. m. daily except Sunday, Sunday 5 p. m. Hamilton 
 (city), Ontario, Toronto (city), Ontario, special despatch close daily at 2:30 p. m. 
 Quebec, London special dispatch close daily 10 a. m. Mail for above points 
 close Sundays 5 p. m. For Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward's 
 Island and Newfoundland close daily at 8:15 a. m. and 7 and 8 p. m. For 
 British Columbia and Manitoba, close daily at 2 a. m. Foreign postage 
 tables will be found in the public lobbies of the main and branch offices. 
 For Mexico, close daily at 8:15 a. m. and 8 p. m. 
 
8Q 
 
 GUIDE TO CHCAGO. 
 
 Increase of Business.— The following shows the business of the Chicago 
 Post-office for the five years ending Jan'y 1, 1892, and the probable increase, 
 providing the same ratio is maintained for the five years ending June 30, 
 1895: 
 
 
 Gross Revenue. 
 
 Gross Disburse- 
 ments. 
 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Increase 
 per cent. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Increase 
 per cent. 
 
 1885 
 
 $1,930,363 
 2,0*6,274 
 2,226,841 
 2,470,439 
 2-784,304 
 3,126,840 
 3,445,757 
 
 5.6 
 
 10.0 
 11.0 
 
 12.7 
 12.3 1 
 10.2 
 
 $ 726,860 
 769,441 
 836,146 
 868,782 
 964,418 
 1,131,474 
 1,237,832 
 
 5.9 
 
 1886 
 
 8.7 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 3.9 
 11.0 
 
 1889 
 
 1893 1 
 
 1891 
 
 17.3 
 9.4 
 
 
 
 COMING 
 
 FOUR YEAKS. 
 
 
 
 189; 
 
 1893 
 
 | $3,797,223 
 4,184,539 
 4,611,361 
 5,081,198 
 
 • 10.2 | 
 10.2 I 
 10.2 
 10.2 | 
 
 $1,354,1881 
 1,481,4811 
 1,620,740 
 1,773,0491 
 
 9.4 
 9.4 
 
 1891: 
 
 9.4 
 
 1895 
 
 9.4 
 
 In this table the rate of increase is estimated by the same method adopted 
 in reference to the New York office. But, unless all expectations prove delu- 
 sive, the increase in the receipts of the Chicago office will far outrun these 
 figures. It would not surprise any observer of the growth of Chicago and 
 the expansion of its business, if these should be so accelerated during the 
 next two years from natural causes and by reason of the World's Fair that 
 the receipts of this post-office for the year ending June 30, 1893 should bound 
 up to $6,000,000. In that event, which is entirely within probability, the 
 urgency for increased post-office accommodations to take care of such busi- 
 ness is 50 per cent, greater here than in New York, for our local office is 
 already accomplishing more with proportionately less facilities and expendi- 
 tures than is the New York office. 
 
 Inspector's Department. — Located Room 93 of Post-office building: 
 Inspector, James E. Stuart, in charge of Chicago Division, comprising the 
 States of Illinois, Iowa, iMichigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Dakota. Assis- 
 tants : Angrew Irle, Miss Lenore Mooney, Herbert Towlson. The 
 Inspector in charge has fifteen Inspectors under his supervision with 10,000 
 postmasters and their innumerable employes to look after. All cases of 
 irregularities, depredations or violations of postal laws, should be reported to 
 the Inspector. [There is a very general misconception of the duties of the 
 Inspector. He is in reality the personal representative of the Postmaster- 
 General. To him is submitted all matters concerning the management of 
 Post Offices, the establishment of new Offices, the plans of new buildings, the 
 bonds of Post Masters, the fitness of applicants, etc., etc. The work on dep- 
 redations is but a small part of the volume of business done bvthe Inspector at 
 Chicago. Major James E. Stuart, the present Inspector at this point, has 
 been connected with the department for fifteen years, and is recognized as 
 one of the most efficient officers in the service. 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 87 
 
 International Money Order System. — Orders can be obtained upon any 
 money-order office in Great Britain and Ireland, Germany, Austria, Belgium, 
 Holland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Italy, Canada, France, 
 Algeria, Japan, Portugal, The Hawaiian Kingdom, Jamaica, New Zealand, 
 New South Wales, Hungary, Egypt, and Hong Kong, India and Tasmania, 
 Queensland,Cape Colony, The Windward Islands and the Leeward Islands for 
 any sum not exceeding $50 in United States currency. No single order issued 
 for more than $50. Parties desiring to remit larger sums must obtain addi- 
 tional money-orders. There is no limit to the number of orders in the Inter- 
 national Money-order System. The fees for all International Money-orders, 
 are on orders not exceeding $10 — 10 cents ; over $10 and not exceeding $20 — 
 20 cents ; $20 and not exceeding $30—30 cents ; $30 and not exceeding $40— 
 40 cents ; $40 and not exceeding $50 — 50 cents. 
 
 Mail Train Service. — There are 289 mail trains arriving and departing from 
 the city daily, excepting Sunday ; of these trains 174 have railway post-offices 
 attached, in which 362 clerks are daily employed in the distribution of the 
 mails while in transit. In addition to this number of railway clerks, a force 
 of thirty-three clerks employed by the Chicago post-office is sent out on the 
 night trains to the meeting point of incoming railway post-office trains, on 
 which they return to distribute and make up the mail for the main office and 
 stations, for immediate delivery by carriers upon arrival. This system of 
 quick delivery of incoming mails was instituted by the present postmaster. 
 Col. James A. Sexton. By this method sixty-five to seventy per centum of 
 the mails received during the twenty-four hours is placed upon the counters 
 of banks and business houses in the business portion by 9 o'clock in the 
 morning. There are 110 separate mails closed daily for despatch, the first 
 close being made at 3:20 a. m., and the last at 10:30 p. m. A corresponding 
 number of mails is received daily. There are also used daily 1,014 leather 
 bags, and 2,930 canvas bags in conveying the mails to and from the post- 
 office and railway trains. The weight of the empty bags alone amounted to 
 3,249,253 pounds for the year. The headquarters of the 6th Division Rail- 
 way Mail Service, comprising the States of Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, and 
 Wyoming Territory, are located in Chicago. In this division 886 railway 
 clerks are employed in the distribution of the mails on the cars. During the 
 year ending Jane 30,1891, these clerks traveled 139,435,380 miles. The Division 
 of Post-office Inspectors, comprising the States of Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, 
 Michigan, Minnesota and the two Dakotas, have their headquarters here. 
 
 Officers of the Post-office — The principal officers of the post-office are : 
 Postmaster, James A. Sexton; Assistant Postmaster, John M. Hubbard; 
 Supply Clerk, J. W. Ward; Record Clerk, John Matter; Superintendent 
 of mails, John A Montgomery, Private Secretary, Horace H. Thomas; 
 Cashier, Charles Catlin; Book-keeper, T. R. Melody; Superintendent of City 
 Delivery, M. J. McGrath ; Superintendent Money-order Division, H. P. 
 Thompson ; Superintendent of Registry Division, R. T. Howard. 
 
 Outlying Chicago Post-offices. — There are, aside from the general post-office 
 and its branches in the different divisions of the old city, fifty-eight separate 
 and distinct post-offices within the corporate limits of Chicago, as follows: 
 Argyle Park, corner Winthrop avenue and Argyle street; Auburn Park, 
 corner Seventy-ninth and Wright streets; Avondale, corner of Kenzie and 
 Belmont avenues; Lowmanville, Lincoln avenue, near Fifiy-ninth street; 
 
88 GLIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Buena Park, opposite railroad station of that name; Burnside Crossing, cor- 
 ner Cottage Grove and Lyon avenues; Calumet, Clinton, near Eighty-ninth 
 street; Central Park, 4131 West Lake street; Cheltenham, 159 Cheltenham 
 place; Chicago Lawn, corner Sixty-third street and Central Park avenue; 
 Colehour, 10301 Avenue K; Cragin, opposite railroad station of that name; 
 Crawford, Butler avenue, near Twenty-fourth streeet; Cummings, Torrence 
 avenue, near One Hundred and Seventh street; Dunning, corner of Cherry 
 street and Irving Park boulevard; Edge water, on Chicago &Evanston rail- 
 road; Elsdon, Fifty -first street, near Trumbull avenue; Englevvocd. 6211 
 Wentworth avenue; Englewood Heights, corner Eighty-ninth and Page 
 streets; Forest Glen, corner Elston and Forest Glen avenues: Forest Hill, 
 corner Seventy-ninth and Robey streets; Gano, corner One Hundred and 
 Sixteenth and Dearborn streets; Grand Crossing, corner Seventy-fifth stmt 
 and Wilson avenue; Havelock, corner Front street and Cemetery avenue. 
 Hegewibch, 13303 South Chicago avenue ; Hermosa, Armitage street, near 
 Keeney; High Ridge, corner Weber avenue and Chicago & North Western 
 railway; Irving Park, Charles avenue, near Irving Park boulevard; Jefferson, 
 Milwaukee avenue, near Maynard street; J udd, corner Ninety-third street 
 and Washington avenue; Kensington, Kensington avenue, near Front street; 
 Linden Park, corner Robinson avenue and Kinzie street; Mandell, corner 
 West Forty eighth and Harrison streets; Maplewcod, corner of Evergreen 
 and Maplewood avenues; Mayfair, St. James street, near Franklin; Mont 
 Clare, at the railroad station of that name; Moreland, corner West Forty- 
 eishth and Kinzie streets; Pacific, at the railroad station of that name; Park 
 Manor, 6760 South Chicago avenue; Parkside, Stony Island avenue, near 
 Sixty-nin:h street; Pullman, corner Morse avenue and One Hundred and 
 Twelfth street; Ravenswood, east of Ravenswood park, near Wikon avenue; 
 Riverdale, corner Indiana avenue and One Hundred and Thirty-sixth street; 
 Roseland, corner Michigan avenue and Union street; Simons, Kimball ave- 
 nue, near Bloomingdale road; South Chicago, 9150 Commercial avenue; 
 South Englewood, corner Vincennes avenue and Halsted street; South 
 Lynne, Sixty-fifth street and Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad; Sum- 
 merdale,near Fifty-ninth street and Ravenswood park; Washington Heights; 
 Wildwood, Indiana avenue, near One Hundred and Thirly-third street; 
 Woodlawn Park, corner Sixty-third street and Illinois Central railroad. 
 
 Post-office Building. — Located on the square bounded by Adams street 
 onlherorth, Jackson street on the south, Dearborn street on t lie east and 
 Clark street on the west, in the heart of the business center, within easy walk- 
 ing distance of all the great hotels, railroad depots and street car terminal?. 
 Theerection of ihe building was commenced in 1871, after the great fire, in 
 which the old post-office building, northwest corner of Dearborn and Mon- 
 roe streets, where the First National Bank building now stands, was 
 destroyed. Architecturally and mechanically the structure is a failure. 
 Although costing in the neighborhood of $5,000,000, it, has been an eyesore 
 to the people of Chicago, a perfect blot upon the architectural beauty of the 
 city, and inconvenient, inadequate and unsafe for the purposes to which it is 
 dedicated. When erected it was supposed to be large enough to meet the 
 demands of the Chicago postal service for fifty years to come. Inside of 
 ten years it proved to be too small. The building as it stands to-day is 
 hardly worth a description. The visitor, however, will be interested in 
 walking through it, because of the immense volume of business conducted 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 89 
 
 there, and the bustling crowds to be met with in the corridors, A new post- 
 office to cost between $5,000,000 and $6, 00), 000 will shortly take its place. 
 Whether the same site will be occupied is not definitely settled at this writ- 
 ing. The building is also occupied by the Custom-house officers and the 
 United States courts. 
 
 Postal Notes.— Postal notes for sums not exceeding $4.99 will be issued on 
 payment of a fee of three cents each. These notes are made payable to 
 bearer at any money order office in the United States which the purchaser 
 may designate. 
 
 Rxilway Mail Service.— Room 82 Postoffice building. Superintendent of 
 Sixth Division, L. L. Troy; Asst. Supt., E. L. West. 
 
 Railway Post-offices. — Railway post-offices are established on all lines from 
 Chicago. These offices run upon nearly all trains, and letters may be mailed 
 at the cars up to the moment prior to the departure of the trains. Stamps of 
 the denomination of two cents may be had at the cars. 
 
 Rates of Postage.— The letter rate of postage is two cents for each ounce, 
 or fraction thereof, throughout the United States and Dominion of Canada. 
 The postage on letters dropped in the office for delivery in the city is two 
 cents per ounce. All letters must be fully prepaid by stamps. The following 
 classes of letters are not advertised: Drop letters, box letters, letters directed 
 and sent to hotels and thence returned to the post-office as unclaimed; letters 
 returned from the dead-letter office to writers, and card request letters; circu- 
 lars, free packets, containing documents, speeches, and other printed matter. 
 N. B. — A request for the return of a letter to the writer within thirty days or 
 le3S, written or printed with the writer's name, post-office and State across 
 the left-hand side of the envelope, on the face side, will be complied with. 
 Such letters will be returned to the writer free of postage. 
 
 Mail Matte?' of the Second Glass. — This class embraces newspapers and 
 )ther periodical publications, issued not less than four times a year, from a 
 'mown office of publication, and bearing a date of issue, and which have no 
 loth, leather, or other substantial binding. Such publications must have a 
 : egitimate list of subscribers, and must not, be designed primarily for adver- 
 vising purposes, or for free circulation. The rate of postage on second-class 
 matter, when sent from the office of publication (including sample copies), or 
 v/hen sent from a news agent to actual subscribers, or to other news agents, 
 is one cent per pound, or fraction thereof; but if sent by any other than the 
 publisher, or a news agent, is one cent for each four ounces, or fraction 
 hereof. 
 
 Mail Matter of the Third Glass. — This class embraces transient news- 
 papers and periodicals, books (printed), photographs, circulais, proof-sheets, 
 and corrected proof-sheets with manuscript copy accompanying the same, 
 and all matter of the same general character, as above enumerated. The rate 
 of postage is one cent for each two ounces, or fractional part thereof, 
 except on transient newspapers and periodicals of the second class, which 
 will be one cent for each four ounces, or fraction thereof. 
 
 Mail Matter of the Fourth Glass — This class embraces labels, patterns, 
 playing cards, addressed tags, paper sacks, wrapping paper and blotting pads, 
 with or without printed advertisements thereon, bill heads, letter heads, 
 envelopes plain, or printed addresses thereon, ornamented paper, and all 
 
90 GUIDE TO CHCAGO. 
 
 other matter of the same general character. This class also includes merchan- 
 dise and samples of merchandise, models, samples of ores, metals, minerals, 
 seeds, &c, and any other matter not included in the first, second or third 
 classes, and which is not in its form or nature liable to damage the contents 
 of the mail bag, or harm the person. Postage rate thereon, one cent for 
 each ounce, or fraction thereof. 
 
 Receipts and Revenues of the Chicago Post-office. — The receipts and dis- 
 bursements of the Chicago office and sub-stations (exclusive of the fifty-eight 
 outlying post-offices) for the year 1891 show a net profit of $2,500,000, an 
 increase of $500,000 over the year 1890. During the same period the mail 
 matter dispatched from the Chicago office amounted to 83,065,063 pounds, or 
 336,894,627 pieces, a large increase over the previous year, while the number 
 of registered articles handled and not included in the above amounted to 
 3,282,585 pieces, an increase of 184,599 pieces over the year 1890. In addition 
 to this, the number of money-order transactions reached 1,917,639, aggrega- 
 ting a sum of $20,396,166, an increase over the year 1890 of $1,107,219 in that 
 department of the office alone. The amount of mail in transit throueh the 
 city of Chicago and transferred from incoming to outgoing trains is estimated 
 to have reached the enormous bulk of 62, 6U0 tons for the year, an increase 
 over the year 1890 of 35,225 tons. 
 
 Receipts for 1891. — The receipts of the Chicago post-office for 1891 were 
 $3,679,265, as against $3,318,889 for 1890 ; percentage of increase 10£ per 
 cent. 
 
 Registry Department. — Letters can be registered to all parts of the United 
 States upon payment of a fee of ten cents in addition to the regular postage. 
 
 Salaries of Officers.- — Postmaster, $6,000 per annum; assistant postmaster, 
 $3,000; the superintendent of the city delivery, $2,700; the superintendent of 
 mails, $2,700; the superintendent of the monej order department, $2,400; the 
 superintendent of the registry department, .$2,400 ; the cashier, $2,600 ; the 
 accountant, $1,700 per annum; clerks, from $800 to $1,200, according to length 
 of service; carriers, from $600 to $1,000, according to length of service. 
 
 United States Money Order System.— The Fees for Money-orders are : On 
 orders not exceeding $5—5 cents ; over $5 and not exceeding $10—8 cents ; 
 over $10 and not exceeding $15—10 cents ; over $15 and not exceeding $30— 
 15 cents ; over $30 and not exceeding $40—20 cents ; over $40 and not exceed- 
 ing $50—25 cents ; over $50 and not exceeding $60- -30 cents ; over $60 and 
 not exceeding $70—35 cents ; over $70 and not exceeding $80—40 cents ; over 
 $80 and not exceeding $100—45 cents ; no fraction of cents to be introduced 
 in tb.e order. No single order issued for more than $100. Parties 
 desiring to remit larger sums must obtain additional monev-orders. No 
 applicant, however, can obtain in one day more than three orders payable at 
 the same office and to the same payee. 
 
 PUBLIC EDUCATION. 
 
 The public schools of Chicago are conducted under the supervision of a 
 board of education, which consists of male and female members, appointed 
 by the mayor, and who are about equally divided politically. The executive 
 department is in charge of a suDerintendent. eight assistant superintendents, 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS, 
 
 91 
 
 a supervisor and assistant supervisor of evening schools, a clerk, an attorney, 
 school agent, business manager, chief engineer, auditor, assistant clerk, assist- 
 ants to business manager, stenographers and type-writers, and manager 
 and assistants in supply department. 
 
 City and County Public Schools. — The following is a summary of miscel- 
 laneous statistics, compiled by the county superintendent of schools, from 
 the reports of township trustees for 1889-1890. It contains later statistics of 
 the city public schools than any issued by the Chicago Board of Education: 
 
 Miscellaneous Items. 
 
 No. ungraded schools 
 
 No. graded schools 
 
 No. high schools 
 
 Whole No. schools 
 
 Average No. of months schools sustained. 
 
 Children under 21 years 
 
 Between 6 and 21 years 
 
 No. in graded public schools 
 
 No. in district country schools 
 
 No. enrolled in private schools 
 
 Total in public and private schools 
 
 Average daily in public schools 
 
 No. teachers in public schools 
 
 No. teachers in private schools 
 
 No. unable to read or write 
 
 Principal of township funds 
 
 Total district tax levy 
 
 Bonded school debt 
 
 Estimated value township fund lands 
 
 Chicago. 
 
 180 
 
 12 
 
 192 
 
 9.10 
 
 473,234 
 
 289,433 
 
 146,751 
 
 6?,713 
 
 198,264 
 
 3,259 
 1,164 
 2,599 
 911,8 4 
 ,250,000 
 ,036.000 
 ,963 r ?31 
 
 County 
 excluding Whole 
 Chicago. County. 
 
 131 
 
 57 
 
 5 
 
 193 
 
 8.4 
 
 429,104 
 
 28,171 
 
 10,890 
 
 4,460 
 
 3,886 
 
 19,246 
 
 11,415 
 
 409 
 
 145 
 
 36 
 
 $ 2f>4,536 
 
 367,457 
 
 364,659 
 
 912,211 
 
 131 
 
 251 
 
 16 
 
 £98 
 
 9 
 
 516,138 
 
 317,604 
 
 146,441 
 
 4,460 
 
 66,6(9 
 
 217,510 
 
 3,251 
 
 1,809 
 
 2,635 
 
 SI, 116,371 
 
 4,617,457 
 
 2,400,650 
 
 4,9C5,440 
 
 Cook County Normal School. — Situated on Stewart avenue, near Sixty- 
 seventh streets. Post-office address, Englewood, Cook county. Take train 
 at Van Buren street depot, Van Buren and Sherman streets. An institution 
 for the higher education of public school graduates desirous of becoming- 
 teachers. 
 
 Compulsory Education. — There is a compulsory education law in force in 
 this State, the provisions of which would require too much space to set forth. 
 In effect, however, it provides that all children between the ages of seven and 
 fourteen years shall be in some school for at least sixteen weeks of each year. 
 It does not insist upon attendance at public schools. They may be public, 
 private, ^r parochial, but the law flatly states that all children who are able 
 must be at school somewhere for the time specified. Reasonable exceptions 
 are made, of course, and are observed at the discretion of the truant agents. 
 The process of picking up a child from the streets and placing him in school 
 is called by the agents "an investigation." About 20,000 investigations were 
 made m the school year 1890-91. Over 11,200 children were placed in school 
 and the others were excused for proper causes. The amount of work done 
 showed a great increase over that of the previous year. During the entire 
 nine months of the school year of 1889, there were but a few over 8,000 inves- 
 tigations, and less than 3.000 children were placed in schools. 
 
92 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Receipts and Expenditures. — Summary of receipts and expenditures in 
 districts, as shown by reports of township treasurers for 1889-1890: 
 
 receipts. 
 
 Palance in hands township treas. July 1 
 
 State, county and township funds distributed by 
 
 trustees 
 
 Special district taxes received 
 
 District bonds issued 
 
 Temporary loans and other sources 
 
 Total. 
 
 EXPENDITURES. 
 
 Paid to teachers 
 
 Mew school houses 
 
 School sites and grounds 
 
 Repairs and improvements 
 
 School furniture and apparatus . 
 
 Libraries . 
 
 Paid district clerks 
 
 Paid on district bonds 
 
 Paid interest on district bonds. . 
 Miscellaneous .' 
 
 Total 
 
 Balance in treasurer's hands due district. 
 
 Total $4,240,682 $ 878,499 $5,125,082 
 
 Chicago. 
 
 $ 82,374 
 
 462,347 
 2,581,456 
 
 310,503 
 
 4,246,652 
 
 2,021 
 688. 
 
 39. 
 241. 
 
 48, 
 9, 
 
 27. 
 
 77. 
 105. 
 151, 
 
 $3,787,222 
 459,460 
 
 Excluding 
 Chicago. 
 
 $ 405,374 
 
 2,931 
 375,350 
 44,574 
 31,768 
 
 878,999 
 
 294,511 
 86,175 
 12,084 
 36,891 
 1 1,504 
 57,521 
 2,208 
 47,631 
 25,486 
 
 211,149 
 
 $ 785,413 
 936,865 
 
 Whole 
 County. 
 
 $1,297,749 
 
 481,278 
 
 2,956,806 
 
 44,574 
 
 342,272 
 
 5,125,682 
 
 3,316,291 
 774,548 
 
 51,874 
 278,008 
 
 59,780 
 433,397 
 
 29,585 
 125,130 
 131,069 
 362,817 
 
 $4,572,635 
 553,046 
 
 Manual Training in the Public Schools. — The Chicago English High and 
 Manual Training School, for instruction in the mechanical arts, was opened 
 in August, 1890, and occupies the large public school building on West 
 Monroe street, near Halsted street. This school is under the direction of 
 the city board of education. Albert R. Robinson is the principal. In grade the 
 manual training school ranks with the high schools, and no student is admit- 
 ted until he has passed through the grammar grade. Promotion cards 
 entitling the holder to be admitted to the ordinary high school will admit 
 him also to the polytechnic school. A full term, three years' course, has been 
 laid down, and when the student has completed this, he will be graduated 
 with honors and a diploma, the same as if he had gone through the high 
 school. Three years ago the school board decided to provide a manual train- 
 ing course of study. Those who desired to take advantage of the study were 
 excused from certain branches in the high school and went to the training 
 school at noon to take the lessons. In 1889 there were about seventy-five stu- 
 dents in the manual training classes, but the division of work between this 
 and the high school was far from satisfactory to the board, and hence the old 
 scheme was abolished, and the necessary step was taken to launch the new 
 school. The previous work had gone no deeper than working in wood. Now 
 all of the departments are a-Med. Blacksmith forges are placed in the base- 
 ment, and all the machinery is located o.u that floor also. The first floor is 
 
DC 
 
 •o <• <j- 
 
 < 
 
 CO - 
 
 % O 
 Z 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 93 
 
 given up to the wood-working trades, while the upper floors are utilized by 
 trie classes in English, mathematics and the natural sciences. There is a 
 course in commercial hw and practical' book-keeping, and eveiy effort is 
 made to send each student away with a sufficient knowledge both of busi-- 
 ness and the trades to help him in almost any line of work which it may be 
 his lot to follow. By g'ancing over the curriculum below it will be seen that 
 none of the essential high-school branches are neglected. The idea is to 
 combine the practical and theoretical as far as possible. The Latin and 
 Greek branches are lopped off the regular high-school course as well as some 
 of the higher sciences, such as geology, astronomy, biology, etc. Professor 
 Claflin has six assistants, all skilled in the different arts. A new building 
 (3 stories) for use as a workshop ha§ been erected during the past year to 
 accommodate the increased attendance. 
 
 Free Night Schools. — The term of the night schools is three months every 
 winter preceding the holidays. The total enrollment at the above schools last 
 winter was about 12,000. New schools and new branches of study are added 
 every year. The Board of Education is paying more attention and attaching 
 more importance to free night instruction now than ever before. 
 
 Physical Culture in the Public Schools. — When, Nov. 4, 1885, the Board 
 of Education appointed Henry Suder, instructor at the North Side Turner 
 Hall, and a graduate of the Normal Training School, of Milwaukee, as a 
 special teacher of physical culture, it was a test. Prof. Suder had only four 
 schools to teach then — the old Douglas on the South Side, the Brown and 
 King schools on the West Side, and the Lincoln on the North Side. The 
 pupils became at once interested in the new departure, and the teachers were 
 quick to notice an improvement in the discipline and mental work of their 
 classes. In 1886 the board extended the physical culture classes to all the 
 grammar schools in the city, and eight special teachers were appointed to 
 assist Prof. Suder. In January, 1889, the system was introduced into all the 
 primary departments of the city, and four teachers were added to the physical 
 culture staff. In the following May, exercises were commenced in the North, 
 South, and West Division high schools, Henry B. Camann, a graduate of the 
 Milwaukee Normal Training School, being appointed to conduct the classes 
 in those schools. In addition to Prof. Suder and Mr. Camann, the following 
 teachers comprise the physical culture staff: Grammar Schools — Herman 
 Hein, Oscar Weinbrod, August Zapp, William Kopp, Henry Hartungr, Alvin 
 Kindervater, OttoGreubel, F. D. Brasius; Primary Schools — Ernst Hibbeler, 
 F. L. Jahn, Alfred E. Belitz, Carl Graner, Charles Cobelli, Joseph Grund- 
 hofer and Mr. Ferdinand Rheil. In the primary schools the pupils are exer- 
 cised in calisthenics only. These exercises consist of simple muscular move- 
 ments of the arm and foot, arm and trunk, trunk and foot, and marching and 
 breathing exercises. The arrangement is such that all parts of the body are 
 brought into play during the lesson. In the grammar schools smooth wooden 
 wands, an inch in diameter and three feet long, and wooden dumbbells, shel- 
 laced, having a combined weight of one pound, and eleven inches long, are 
 used as an aid to the physical training of the scholars. Wand and dumbbell 
 exercises are practiced once a week in all the grammar schools, and once a 
 week the pupils are put through cahsthenic exercises. It is in the North, 
 South, and West Division high schools that physical culture is most practiced 
 and appreciated. The high schools have more facilities to practice, and the 
 pupils enjoy the physical culture lessons because they are a relaxation, if noth- 
 ing else. Mondays and Thursdays of each week Mr. Camann visits the South 
 Division high school and instructs the classes between the hours of 9:45 a. m 
 and 1:15 p. m. The assembly hall on the top floor i s a n admirable place 
 
9i GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 for the exercises to be held in, and a piano gives a zett and spirit to the move- 
 ments, which are lacking in the other schools. Light clubs are also used in 
 the South Division high school, and form the most picturesque of all the 
 exercises. Mr. Camann takes two or three rooms at a time, marshals the 
 scholars, who number from 80 to 120, and gives them one hour's practice. 
 Fridays he visits the West Division high school, where there is an assembly 
 hall similar to the one on the South Side, and drills the scholars for three 
 hours. Wednesday is the physical culture day at the North Division high 
 school. In the Northwestern high school one of the grammar school 
 instructors devotes Tuesdays to exercising the first-year pupils. The cost of 
 maintaining the physical culture branch in the schools is not great. The 
 salary list for eighteen teachers amounts to $17,200 per year. 
 
 ■ Public School Buildings. — The following is a list of the public school 
 buildings of Chicago, with names and locations: 
 
 North Division High School — Wendell and Wells sts. ; Northwest 
 Division High School — Augusta st. and Hoyne ave.; South Division 
 High School— Twenty-sixth st. and Wabash ave. ; West Division High 
 School— S. Lincoln st. and Ogden ave.; Anderson— 520 N. Lincoln, near 
 WestDivisionst.; Armour Street— Armour st. and Bickerdike square; Bur- 
 ling— N. E. corner Center st.; Blue Island Avenue— 490 Blue Island ave. ; 
 Boulevard— Armitage ave. and Humboldt bid. ; Brain ard— 587 Washbourne 
 p1.;Brenan— °535 Lime St., near Archer ave.; Brighton— Thirty-sixth, W. of 
 C. R. I. & P. R. R. track; Brighton Park— Thirty-fifth and Lincoln sts.; 
 Brown— Warren ave., between Wood and Page sts; Burr — N. Ashland and 
 Wabansia aves.; Calhoun— 1277 W. Jackson st. ; California Avenue— 1119 
 California ave.; Calumet Avenue— 2643 Calumet ave.; Carpenter— N. 
 Center ave. and W. Huron st. ; Central Park — Walnut st. and Kedzie ave ; 
 Clarke— S. Ashland ave. and Thirteenth st.; Columbus— Augusta, between 
 Hoyne ave. and Leavitt st.; Cooper — 625 W. Nineteenth St.; Crawford— 
 Twenty-fifth st. and Delaware ave. Dearborn — 768 Clybourn ave; Doo- 
 little— 109 Thirty-fifth St.; Dore— 217 W. Harrison St.; Douglas— Forest 
 ave. and Thirty-second St.; Emerson — Walnut and Paulina sts.; Foster— 
 441 South Union st.; Franklin— Sedgwick and Division sts.; Frosbel — 
 853 W. Twenty-first st; Garfleld— Johnson and Wright sts; George H. 
 Thomas — High st. and Belden ave.; Goodrich— Brown and Taylor sts.; 
 'Jrant — 994 Wilcox ave.; Hancock — S. Fairfield ave. and Twelfth st. ; Har- 
 rison— 133 Twenty-third St.; Haven — 1470 Wabash ave.; Hayes — N. Leavilt 
 and Walnut sts. ; Headley — Lewis st. and Garfield ave. ; Healy — 3035 Wal- 
 lace st. ; Hendricks— York and Laflin sts. ; Hoffman Avenue — Hoffman and 
 Milwaukee aves.; Holden — Deering and Thirty-first sts.; Humboldt — 920 
 N.. California ave. ; Huron Street — Huron and Frank sts. ; Irving — 45 Lex- 
 ington ave.; Jefferson — Nebraska and Laflin sts.; Jones — Third ave. and 
 Harrisonst.; Keith — Dearborn and Thirty-fourth sts.; King — Harrison st. and 
 Western ave.; Kinzie— Ohio st. and La Salle ave. ; Kosciusko — W. Division 
 and Cleaver sts. ; Langland — 121 Cortland st. ; LaSalle — Hammond and 
 Eugenie sts.; Lawndale — S. Central Park ave. and Twenty -fifth St.; 
 Lincoln Street — W. Ohio and Lincolnsts. ; Logan— Rhine and Bremen sts. ; 
 Longfellow — 688 Throopst.; Manierre — 100 Hudson ave.; Maplewood 
 — Diversey st. and California ave; Marquette— 297 S. Wood st.; McAllis- 
 ter — Thirty-sixth and Gage sts.; McClellan— Wallace and Thiity-fifth sts.; 
 Montefiore— Sangamon and W. Indiana sts. ; Moseley — Michigan ave. and 
 Twenty -fourth st.; Motley — Snell st. and W. Chicago ave.; Mulligan— 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 95 
 
 Sheffield ave,, between Clay and Willow sts.; Newberry — Willow and 
 Orchard sts. ; Oak Street — 85 Oak st. ; Oakley — N. Oakley ave. and W. Ohio 
 st.; Ogden — Chestnut, between Dearborn ave. and North State St.; Peaeson 
 — W. Pearson and N. Market sts.; Pickard — Hinman st. and S.Oakley ave.; 
 Polk Street— 195 W. Polk St.; Raymond — Wabash ave. and Eda st. ; 
 Rogers — 65 W. Thirteenth St.; Scammon — S. Morgan and Monroe sts.; Shel 
 don — N". State and Elm sts.; Sheridan — 627 Twenty-seventh St.; Skinner — 
 W. Jackson and Aberdeen sts.; Talcott — W. Ohio and Lincoln sts; Thomas 
 Hoyne — Illinois and Cass sts. ; Throop — 626 Throopst. ; Tilden — W. Lake 
 and Elizabeth sts.; Tilton — W. Lake and W. F rty-fourth sts.; Tilton 
 branch — Mailer, near W. Forty-eighth St.; Tilton branch — 4005 W.Har- 
 rison st; Vedder Street — Vedder, near Larrabee st. ; Von Humboldt— Rock- 
 well and Hirsch sts.; Walsh — W. Twentieth and Johnson sts.; Ward — 
 Shields ave. and Twenty-seventh sts.; Washbourne — 220 W. Fourteenth St.; 
 Washington— Morgan, between Erie and W. Ohio sts. ; Webster — Went- 
 worthave. and Thirty-third st.; Wells— N". Ashland ave. and Cornelia St.; 
 Wicker Park — 153 "Evergreen ave.; Williams Avenue— Williams and 
 Tinkham aves. 
 
 The Board of Education expende 1, during 1890, about $320,000 on the 
 Clarke, Longfellow, Foster, Carpenter and Hedges schools, new schools on 
 Maple wood, Campbell and Belden aves. and Wright st., and completed 
 the Horace Manu. The Hammond, Mulligan and George H. Thomas 
 schools were begun in 1889. on which have been expended about $250,000. 
 About $20,000 was expended oh schools in the annexed districts and for sun- 
 dry needs. 
 
 Revenue of the Public Schools. — The revenue of the public schools varies 
 from year to year, because of the changes (generally increases) in the tax 
 levies for school purposes, and for other reasons. The last report of the 
 board of education, however, gives the following statement of revenues, 
 which will serve as an example: School Fund — From rentals of School Fund 
 land, $512,036,30; from State dividend, $136. 313.06; from interest on principal 
 of School Fund, $45,800 04; refunded by school districts, annexation of 1887, 
 $19,453.38; tuition of non-resident pupils, $1,275.00; to correct errors in 
 teachers' pay-rolls, $238 10; unclaimed pay of canvassers of school census 
 of 1888, $62.62; total on account of School Fund, $715,178 50. School 
 Tax Fund— On account of taxes of 1887 and previous years, $918,472.16; 
 oq account of tax of 1888, $1,200,078.26; total on account of School Tax 
 Fund, $2,118,550.42. Miscellaneous sources — From sale of old furniture, old 
 lead, steam-pipe, old iron, stoves, etc., $2,100.64; from rebates on special 
 assessments, $9,495.88; from sale of old buildings, $1,256,00; from forfeited 
 deposit of contractor, $117.00; total from miscellaneous sources, $12,969.52; 
 total actual cash receipts, $2,846,698.44. 
 
 Salaries of School Employes.— The following are the salaries of school 
 employes of the City of Chicago, corrected up to the spring of 1892. 
 Superintendents: — Superintendent of Schools, $5,000; Two Assistant Sup- 
 erintendents of Schools, each, $4,000 ; Six Assistant Superintendents of 
 Schools, each, $3,500. Supervisors and Teachers of Special Studies.— 
 German. — Supervisor of German, $2,500; Assistant Supervisor of German, 
 $1,800. Drawing.— Supervisor of Drawing, High Schools, $2,200; Super- 
 visor of Drawing, Grammar and Primary Grades, $2,400; Assistant Super- 
 visor of Drawing, Grammar and Primary Grades, $1,800; Two Assistant 
 
96 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Teachers, each, $1,600; Three Assistant Teachers, each, $1,200; One Assist- 
 ant Teacher, $1,000; One Assistant Teacher, $160. Singing. — Supervisor of 
 Singing, Grammar Grades, $2,400; Supervisor of Singing, Primary Grades, 
 $2,050 Two Assistant Teachers, Grammar Grades, each, $1,700; One Assist- 
 ant Teacher, Grammar Grades, $1,400; One Assistant Teacher, Primary- 
 Grades, $1,500; Five Assistant Teachers, Primary Grades, each, $1,200. 
 Physical Culture. — Supervisor of Physical Culture, $2,100; One Assistant 
 Teacher, High Schools, $1,200; Eight Assistant Teachers, Grammar Grades, 
 each, $1,000; Six Assistant Teachers, Primary Grades, each, $900; One 
 Assistant Teacher, half time, $500. Deaf Mute Day Schools.— Principal, $1,100; 
 Two Assistant Teachers, each, $7C0; Three Assistant Teachers, each, $550. 
 Waifs' Mission.— One Teacher, $650. High Schools. — Principal West 
 Division High, $2,800; Five Principals, each, $2,600; Five Principals, each. 
 $2,500, One Principal, $1,600; Twelve Assistant Teachers, each, $2,000; 
 Eleven Assistant Teachers, each, $1,800; Eighteen Assistant Teachers, each, 
 $1,600; Seventeen Assistant Teachers, each, $1,500; Nine Assistant Teachers, 
 each, $1,400; Eight Assistant Teachers, each, $1,300; Twenty-eight Assistant 
 Teachers, each, $1,200; Two Assistant Teachers, each, $1,100; Nineteen 
 Assistant Teachers, each, $1,000; Four Assistant Teachers, each, $900; One 
 Assistant Teacher, $800; One Assistant Teacher, $750; Two Assistant 
 Teachers, part time, each, $600; One Assistant Teacher, part time, $500. 
 
 Principals of Grammar Schools. First Group. — Principals of the 
 Brighton. Brown, Burr, Carpenter, Clarke, Doolittle, Douglas, Franklin, 
 Garfield, Lake View No. 2, Marquette, Moseley, Raymond, Skinner, Walsh 
 and Wells schools, each $2,500 per annum. Also the following-named prin- 
 cipals, at a salary of $2,500 per annum each: Laura D. Ayres, Charles F. 
 Babcock, George C. Bannan, Erastus A. Barnes, Will J. Bartholf, Horner 
 Bevans, Louis J. Block, Henry C. Cox, Emma M. C. Greenleaf, Nellie Har- 
 dick, Henry D. Hatch, Frank S. Hey wood, Lucia Johnston, Kate S. Kellogg, 
 Cephas H. Leach, Albert R. Robinson, Corydon G. Stowell, John H. Tear, 
 A. Henry Vanzwoll, Mary M. T. Walsh, Andrew J. Wood. Second 
 Group. — Principals of the Calhoun, Hayes, Jones, Kershaw, Lake View No. 6, 
 McClellan, Oakley and Sheridan schools, each $2,200 per annum. Second 
 Group, Second Section. — Principals of the Central Park, D. S. Wentworth, 
 G todricb, Graham (Lake), Harvard, Keith, Lewis, Lake View No. 7, Logan, 
 Pullman (Lake), Pullman (Calumet), Sherman and Tilden schools, each $2,000 
 per annum for the first year of service as principals of schools in this group; 
 $2,100 per annum for the second year of service, and $2,200 per annum for 
 the third and subsequent years of service. Third Group. — Principals of the 
 Doran, Fifty-fourth Street, Hancock (old city), Headley, Hendricks (Lake). 
 Lake View No. 1, Lake View No. 3, Lake View No. 4/Lawndale, O'Toole, 
 Scammon, Sherwood and Thomas Hoyne schools, each $1,700 per annum for 
 the first year of service as principals of schools in this group; $1,800 per 
 annum for the second year of service; $1,900 per annum for the third year of 
 service; $1,950 per annum for the fourth year of service, and $2,000 per 
 annum for the fifth and subsequent years of service. Fourth Group.— Prin- 
 cipals of the Brighton Park, Colman, Fallon, Farren, Forestville, Hammond. 
 Hancock (Lake), Maplewood, Oakland No. 2 and Pacific schools, each $1,400 
 per annum for the first year of service as principals of schools in this group; 
 $1,500 per annum for the second year of service; $1,600 per annum for the third 
 year of service and $1,700 per annum for the fourth and subsequent years of 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 97 
 
 service. Fifth Group. — Principals of the Amerson, Brownell, Carter, Cornell, 
 Cummings, Duncan Avenue, Gallistel, George H. Thomas, Greenwood 
 Avenue, Hartigan, Kelvyn Grove, Kensington, Madison Avenue, Phil Sheri- 
 dan, Roseland, Ryerson, Shurtleff, Springer, SulzerStreet, Taylor and Wood- 
 lawn schools, each $1,200 per annum for the first year of service as principals 
 of schools in this group; $1,300 per annum for the second year of service, and 
 $1 ,400 per annum for the third and subsequent years of service. The salaries 
 of the principals of the George H. Thomas and Greenwood Avenue schools 
 to commence January 1, 1891, on the salary of the third year of this group 
 ($1,400). The salary of the principal of the Roseland school to commence 
 January 1, 1891, on the salary of the second year of this group ($1,300). 
 Sixth Group. — Principals of the Avondale, Park Side, Scanlan and Webster 
 (S. C.) schools, each $1,050 for the first year of service as principals of schools 
 in this group; $1,100 per annum for the second year of service, and $1,200 per 
 annum for the third and subsequent years of service. The salary of the 
 principal of the Park Side school to commence January 1, 1891, on the salary 
 of the second year of this group ($1,100). 
 
 Ungrouped Schools. — Principal of Irving Park school, $1,800; principal 
 of Oakland school, No 1. $1,800; principal of Tilton school, $1,800; principal 
 of Washington Heights schools, $1,300 per annum. 
 
 Principals op Primary Schools. First Group. — Principals of the 
 Arnold, Cooper, Foster, Healy, Hoffman Avenue, Jefferson, Longfellow, 
 Manierre, Montefiore, Motley, Mulligan, Oak Street, Polk Street, Rogers, 
 Talcott, Washburne and Wicker Park Schools, each $1,400 per annum for the 
 first year of service as Principals of Schools in this group; $1,450 per annum 
 for the second year of service; and $1,500 per annum for the third year of 
 service; and $1,600 per annum for the fourth and subsequent years of service. 
 Second Group. — Principals of the Brenan, Grant Langland, McAllister, Pear- 
 son Street, Pickard, Vedder Street and Ward Schools, each $1,400 per annum 
 for the first year of service as Principals of Schools in this group; $1,450 per 
 annum for the second year of service; and $1,500 per annum for the third and 
 subsequent years of service. Third Group. — Principals of the Boulevard, 
 Calumet Avenue, Columbus, Horace Mann, Huron Street, Kinzie, Kosciusko 
 and Sheldon Schools, each $1,250 per annum for the first year of service as 
 Principals of Schools in this group; and $1,350 per annum for the second and 
 subsequent years of service. Fourth Group. — Principals of the Hedges, Ken- 
 wood. South Halsted Street and Wolcott Street Schools, each $1,100 per an- 
 num. Fifth Group. — Principals of the Andersenville, Blue Island Avenue, 
 Bowmanville, Buckley, Burnside, Garfield (Lake), Hoerner, J, L. Marsh, J. 
 N. Thorp, Jefferson Park, Lake View No. 5, Oak Ridge, Park Manor, River- 
 dale, Rose Hill and West Roseland Schools, each $1,050 per annum. Assist- 
 ants to Principals. Assistants to Principals, each $l,100perannum. Head 
 Assistants. Grammar Schools. Who have served less than five years in such 
 capacity, each $900 per annum; who have served between five and ten years 
 in such capacity, each $950 per annum; who have served ten years or ovtr 
 in such capacity, each $1,000 per annum. Primary Schools. — Who have 
 served less than five years in such capacity, each $850 per annum ; who have 
 served between five and ten years in such capacity, each $900 per annum; 
 who have served over ten years in such capacity, each $950 per annum. 
 
 Salaries of male assistant teachers. Andrew Wilson, Andrew Engel, 
 Burnside School, each, $750; Michael M.Byrne, Richard H. Stryker, Martin G. 
 
98 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Henchy, Claus H. Claussen, Doran School, each, $800; Robert H. Rennie, 
 Augustus Haley, Andrew B. Combs, John C. Pickens, Harvard School, each, 
 $800; David L. Murray, D. S. Wenthworth School, $1,000; George W. 
 Miller, Irving Park School, $800; Fred. W. Kingsley, William J. Tinen, 
 Irving Park School, each $775; Joseph Barnabee, Cummings school, $800; 
 Richard J. Bickerdike, Avondale school, $800 per annum. Assistant 
 teachers in primary grades. For the first year of service. $400; for the 
 second year of service, $475; for the third year of service, $575; for the fourth 
 year of service, $650; for the fifth year of service, $700; for the sixth and 
 subsequent years of service, $775 per annum. Assistant teachehs in gram- 
 mar grades. For the first year of service, $450; for the second year of ser- 
 vice, $525; for the third year of service, $600; for the fourth year of service, 
 $650; for the f tt'i year of service, $700; for the sixth and subsequent years of 
 service, $775 }.er annum. Second Teachers in Half -Day Division to receive 
 $50 per annum less than the rates paid Assistants in Primary Grades. Three 
 Reserve Teachers at a salary of $700 each per annum. All changes in salary 
 to take place at the commencement of the school month succeeding the expira- 
 tion of the year's service. Substitutes. Four Substitutes to be employed at 
 the discretion of the Superintendent, at a compensation of $4.00 each for each 
 day of actual service. Other Substitutes to be paid at the rate of $1.50 per 
 day for each day of actual service. Cadets. AH candidates for positions as 
 Teachers, who hold partial certificates of qualifications to teach in the Chi- 
 cago Public Schools, issued by the Board of Education, who have been in 
 regular service in the Schools for two months as Cadets, and who have shown 
 such proficiency as to satisfy the Superintendent that, they are desirable as 
 Teachers, shall, upon his recommendation, receive a compensation of 75 cents 
 per day, for each day of actual service in such capacity. After a service of 
 six months as Cadets, they shall receive a compensation of $1.25 per day. 
 
 Estimate of Expenditures for 1892. — The estimated expenditures of the 
 Board of Education for the year 1892 aggregate $5,996,084, as follows: For 
 salaries of superintendent and teachers in the primary and grammar grades, 
 exclusive of teachers of special studies, on basis of salaries of 1891, $2,230,- 
 325; less estimated revenue of school fund ($480,000), $1,750,325; tuition of 
 pupils at Cook County Normal School, $7,500; eveniDg schools, $110,000; 
 school libraries, $2,500; supplementary reading, $20,000; rebinding books, 
 $1,000; text books for indigent pupils, $5,000; maps, charts, globes, etc., 
 $2,500; payments toward pianos, $1,500; Expenses Columbian Exposition, 
 $10,000; sundries, $750; salaries, office employees, attorney, and school 
 agent, $45,000; salaries, engineers and janitors, $255,000; school supplies, 
 chalk, etc., $50,000; school-house supplies, $15,000; fuel, $110000; printing 
 proceedings, etc., $12,000; supplies for sewing for 40,000 pupils, $5,000; 
 material for manual training, $1,500; school sites, $200,000; new buildings, 
 $1,765,000; permanent improvements, $100,000; general repairs. $200,000; heat- 
 ing apparatus, $100,000; apparatus and furniture, $50, 000; reutals of branches, 
 $45,000; special assessments,$40,000; incidentals, $45, 000; le<ral expenses, $250; 
 support of high schools other than manual training, $272,500; support of 
 English high and manual training, $50,000; drawing — salaries and supplies, 
 $35,000; music — salaries and supplies, $30,000; German — salaries and sup- 
 plies, $170,000; physical culture, $28,0f0; compulsory education, $25,000, 
 school census, $15,000; due contracts, less balance of appropriation '91, $145,- 
 036— $165616; payment of bonds, interest, and orders, $80,500 Totnl, 
 $5,821,441. Loss in collection and costs, $174,413. Total estimate, '92, 
 $5,996,084. 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 99 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARY. 
 
 Occupies entire fourth floor of the City Hall (excepting council chamber). 
 Was founded in 1872. The library contained on January 1st, lt92, 171,709 
 volumes, and the collection is increasing by purchase and donation at the 
 rate of somewhat over 10,000 volumns annually. Its literary treasures, many 
 of which can not be duplicated at any cost, are at the lowest estimate valued 
 at $275,000. With an annual circulation and consultation of over 1,500,000 
 volumes, it leads the circulation of the free public libraries of the country. 
 At the Paris Exposition of 1889 it received the distinguished honor of an 
 award of a gold medal, on an exhibit consisting of the annual report, finding 
 Hbls and a volume showing in detail the administration of the library in every 
 department. A reading-room is maintained, which last year was patronized 
 by 500,000 visitor, 450,000 periodicals being given out across the counter. 
 There are also reference departments, including general, patent and medical, 
 which are consulted by thousands of people in search of special knowledge, 
 annually. 
 
 A Cosmopolitan Collection, — There is not a more cosmopolitan place in 
 the city than the library rooms. It is a place where the people of all nations 
 from a wide circuit around come for their reading matter. The library iscom- 
 posedof books in all languages, selected with the greatest care. Naturally, the 
 English tongue predominates, but every foreign and classic language is well 
 represented on its shelves. As a result, the library assumes a cosmopolitan 
 phase, because it is so extensively patronized by the people of so many dif- 
 ferent nationalities. The method of securing new books is simple. The 
 librarian really does the selecting. The lists prepared by him are placed in 
 the hands of a proper committee, who either indorse or modify thelibrarian's 
 choice, and the amended list is finally voted upon by the board. That the 
 majority of the reading public who look to the library rely greatly upon it, 
 is proven by the many applications made daily for the new books they have 
 heard about or read about in the newspapers. The fact also proves that this 
 city is the home of intelligent, wide-awake people, who wish to keep abreast 
 of contemporaneous thought and literature. . 
 
 Administration and Cost of Maintenance. — The Board of Directors con- 
 sists of nine members, of which three are appointed annually for a term of 
 three years. The (Secretary of the Board is W. B. Wickersham. Frederick 
 H. Hiid, the librarian, has three assistants, namely, E. F. L. Gauss, first 
 assistant, Elizabeth A Young and KateM. Henneberry. There are forty-three 
 atttendents regularly employed in the day service of the library, and twelve 
 in the evening service. With five janitors, one night watchman, one electric- 
 ian, one expressman, the total number of persons in the employ of the Library 
 is ninety. The amount expended for salaries last fiscal year was $51,440.54, 
 which included $2,787 paid for the transportation of books to and from the 
 delivery stations. The total cost for the maintenance of the library for the year 
 was $102,869.19. ' The estimated expenses of the Library for 1892 are as fol- 
 lows : Salaries, $57,000; books, $16,000; binding, $7,000; heating and light- 
 ing, $5,000 ; delivery stations, $12,000 ; newspapers and periodicals, $4,000 ; 
 printing and stationery, $2,000; finding lists, $1,000; incidentals, $2,5(0; 
 furniture and fixtures, $2,500 ; rent of reading-rooms, $3,000. In addition 
 
100 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 to these sums, there is a tax levy of $400,000 for building purposes.. being the 
 second of a series of annual levies covering a period of five years. 
 
 Branch Delivery Stations. — The most notable feature of the development 
 of the library during the year has been the establishment of four branch 
 reading-rooms. The first of these was opened in December and the other 
 three at short intervals since that time. A fifth room will be ready during 
 the present month. The location of these rooms and the average attendance 
 and number of periodicals issued is as follows : 
 
 Monthly. Sun- 
 average day 
 periodicals attend- 
 Visitors. issued. ance. 
 
 No. 1.— No. 1204 Milwaukee avenue 4.719 4,973 210 
 
 No. 2— No. 625 Forty-third street 1,840 3,433 145 
 
 No. 3.— No. 341 Clybourn avenue 1,715 3,226 173 
 
 No. 4— No. 134 Fifty -third street 1,708 .... 30 
 
 The estimated annual cost of maintenance of these rooms is $2,500 each, 
 which includes rent, service, light and heat, cost of periodicals and janitor 
 service. The rooms are open daily to the public from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m., 
 and Sunday from 10 A. m. to 10 p. m. 
 
 There are now employed in the service of the library eighty-nine persons. 
 The amount expended for salaries was $51,440.54. There were sent to the 
 five binderies, with which the library had contracts, 15,190 volumes, and 
 there were repaired in the library 14,875 volumes. The amount expended for 
 binding was $6,786.41. The annual inventory shows 134 volumes unaccoun- 
 ted for. Of the 135 books reported missing last year 26 have since been found. 
 
 Character of Books. — A classified analysis of the entire number of volumes 
 in the library shows lhat En^liirh prose fiction leads in popularity, there 
 being 27,570 volumes in that department alone. In the department of Ger- 
 man literature are found 18,057 volumes. French literature follows with 
 8,225 volumes. Some general idea of the character of the entire collection 
 may be formed from the fact that among the classes well represented are 
 those of history; biography; travels; poetry and drama; essays and miscel- 
 lanies; polygraphy and collected works; fine arts; natural sciences; practical 
 arts (including patents); political and social science; language and literature; 
 mental and moral science; ancient classics; religion; medicine; law; period- 
 icals and newspapers; Government documents and State papers; bibliography; 
 dictionries and encyclopedias; English prose fiction; juvenile literature; Ger- 
 man, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Bohemian .Polish, Russian 
 and Scandinavian literature. The largest number of books issued on any 
 one day in 1890 was 5.272, on February 24th. On the same day there were 
 used in the other departments 1,799 volumes, making a total of 7,071 vol- 
 umes, which is the largest circulation reported for any one day in the history 
 of the Library. 
 
 Delivery Stations. — The number of delivery stations was increased by 
 seven during the la^-t year, making a total of twenty-four stations now in oper- 
 ation. Of these six are located in the North Division, six in the South 
 Division, and twelve in the West Division. There were issued from tlusc 
 stations 294,880 volumes, an increase of 94,623 over the number reported for 
 the preceding year. Four wagons are required to transport the books for the 
 delivery stations to and from the main library, and two daily deliveries are 
 made to each of the stations except the Irving Park and Ravenswood sta- 
 tions. 
 
 
LEngraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 
 PULLMAN BUILDING, MICHIGAN AVE. AND ADAMS ST. 
 
 [See " Great Industries."] 
 

 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 101 
 
 Circulation of Books. — The aggregate circulation of books in all depart- 
 ments of the library compared with the circulation of the preceding year 
 was as follows: 
 
 Home circulation (main library) 
 
 Home circulation (delivery stations) . 
 
 Issued to public schools 
 
 Reference department 
 
 Medical department (closed J uly, 1 90) 
 Patent department 
 
 Total. 
 
 1,290,514 
 
 1890. 
 
 643,622 
 
 640,378 
 
 294,880 
 
 Zul,26? 
 
 3,746 
 
 2,336 
 
 327,618 
 
 331,81? 
 
 1,175 
 
 26,376 
 
 19,477 
 
 18,319 
 
 1,220,479 
 
 ! 
 
 The Circulating Department was open for the delivery of books 306 days, 
 The daily average number of books issued for home use was 3.095, against 
 2,749 for the preceding year. The largest number issued on anyone day was 
 5,291, February 24; the smallest number 1,727, July 11. The amount received 
 for fines on delinquent books was $5,350.88, or $497.13 more than was 
 received from this source last year. 
 
 Condition of the Library in 1892. — At the last annual meeting of the 
 Directors of the Public Library, Chairman Shortall submitted a report, the 
 substance of which is as follows: The number of volumes added during the 
 year is 20,078, makiDg a total of 166,475 volumes, with a total circulation of 
 1,290, 514, — 942,248 volumes of which were taken upon cards for home use. 
 The number of visitors to the reading room was 492,837, and of those to the 
 several reference departments, not including the reading room, 105,606. The 
 decrease, some 8,000 from the figures of last year in the reference departments, 
 is attributed to the opening of reading rooms at branch stations, and to the 
 discontinuance of the medical department, the contents of which latter were 
 handed over to the Newberry Library at its request and at that of the 
 original donors, with our own concurrence, and with a view of making the 
 same as perfect as might be practicable — the Newberry desiring to make such 
 a medical department one of its specialties. 
 
 Since our last communication we have under your direction taken pos- 
 session of Dearborn Park for our new building, having secured the consent of 
 every owner of the abutting property save one, this one having promised to 
 sign when all others had done so. His consent will doubtless be added later. 
 A. settlement has been arrived at between this board and the Soldiers' Home 
 (to which latter was granted by the Legislature the north quarter of this plot 
 of ground) upon a satisfactory basis; the soldiers and sailors of the late Civil 
 War to use and occupy as a memorial hall and for other purposes of their 
 organization for fifty years, a portion of the building to be erected, with a 
 reversion thereof to the library — the library also having a certain use of the 
 Memorial Hall. 
 
 The Building committe of the library has begun the planning of the inte- 
 rior of the new building, having called to its aid most competent professional 
 assistance, and has completed the chief part of that work — the basement and 
 first and second stories — and most satisfactorily. It is designed to construct 
 the exterior of the building so that it shall be an honor to the city, ethically 
 as well as architecturally, without profusion or meaningless ornament on the 
 one hand, or commonplace simplicity upon the other, but aiming to convey, 
 exteriorly, that idea of dignity and repose that should mark its use and com- 
 pleteness. 
 
102 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 We gladly refer to the bequests of our late fellow-citizens, the Rev. William 
 H. Ryder and Hiram Kelly. Mr. Ryder's bequest, amounting to $10,000, has 
 been carefully invested for the library's use, and according to its terms; the 
 bequest of Mr. Kelly will exceed the sum of $125,000, as appears by the 
 report of our committee, which is also appended hereto, of date April 18th 
 last. It is intended that some special commemoration of those public-spirited 
 gentlemen may be devised and their names and generosity permanently hon- 
 ored within the new building when erected. 
 
 We are now entering upon a most important step in the life of this 
 "University of tbe People," the erection of its own home, a permanent house 
 to hold its treasures; the fruition of a hope that has animated us so many 
 years. In this we have before the failures as well as the successes of many 
 others. We intend, in its construction, firstly, that it shall inwardly subserve 
 its purpose as perfectly as human skill and foresight can design it, and sec- 
 ondly, that it shall express outwardly such true architectural skill and good 
 taste that it shall stand forever a source of just pride to those — State, city, 
 and indvidual — who have had the honor of assisting in its erection, and an 
 example to all of the value of a discriminating, unselfish, and patriotic 
 devotion to the public good. 
 
 Librarian.— The Librarian of the Chicago Public Library is Mr. Freder- 
 ick H. Hild. He may be addressed directly at the Library. The Secretary 
 is W. B. Wickersham. 
 
 New Library Building. — The block of ground formerly known as Dear- 
 born Park, is reserved by the City of Chicago for a great Public Library 
 Building, the construction of which will shortly be begun by the laying of 
 the corner-stone sometime in the spring, the competing plans for the proposed 
 building being now before the board. 
 
 Number of Volumes. — The total number of volumes m the library May 31, 
 1891, was 166,475, a net increase of 10,232 volumes over the number reported 
 last year, which was 156,243. The total number of volumes entered in the 
 accession catalogue during the last year was 20,078, a larger number than 
 has been added during any one year since 1875. From this number were 
 deducted the following items: Wornout books, 4,156; books lost and paid 
 for, 268; transferred to the Newberry Library, 5,283 volumes of medical and 
 musical books; books unaccounted for in the annual inventory of 1889, 108; 
 books not recovered from delinquent borrowers in 1890, 31 volumes. Of 
 the 20,078 volumes added 16,296 were bought, 1,175 were donated, 663 were 
 bound periodicals received from the reading room, and 1,944 were acquired 
 from the Hyde Park Lyceum. The amount expended for books was $17- 
 669.22. 
 
 Percentage of Circulation. — The percentage of circulation for home use in 
 each of the seven classes, compared with the reports for 1889 and 1890, is as 
 follows : 
 
 ISO l. 1890. 1S89. 
 
 History and Biography 10.3a 9.70 9.54 
 
 Voyages and travels 5.10 4.63 4.56 
 
 Science and arts 6.24 6.15 H.'-O 
 
 Poetry and drama ' ' ' ' 3.72 3. 1 2 3.82 
 
 F,ng ish prose fiction and juveniles 62.36 63.12 61.77 
 
 Rooks in foreign languages 10.16 11.75 ]J.25 
 
 Miscellaneous 2.10 2.53 2.86 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 103 
 
 Reference Department. — In the Reference Department 326,619 volumes 
 were issued to 98,964 readers, a slight decrease from the number reported 
 last year. The classification of the books consulted is as follows : Arts and 
 sciences, 16.24 per cent. ; history and biography, 16.49 percent.; periodicals 
 (bound volumes), 17.08 per cent.; geography and travels, 9.70 per cent ; 
 language and literature, 9.26 per cent.; encyclopedias, 5.27 per cent.; atlases 
 and statistics 2.23 per cent. ; public documents, 2.44 per cent.; bibliography, 
 2.58 per cent.; miscellaneous, 18.71 per cent. 
 
 Two-Tear Cards. — The number of persons holding two -year cards which 
 entitle them to draw books from the library for home usehas increased from 
 36,478 to 43,749 during the last year. The entire registration for the year 
 was 23,815. The number of cards issued to males was 13.357, to females 
 10,458. Under the new regulation permitting persons to obtain cards at the 
 delivery stations without calling at the main library 6,839 cards were issued. 
 The greater number of these were taken by persons who had never before 
 enjoyed the benefits of the library. 
 
 Visitors During 1891. — The whole number of visitors to the reading-room 
 was 492,837, to whom 438,243 periodicals were issued, an increase of 56.425 in 
 the number of readers and of 49,051 in»the number of periodicals issued'over 
 the report of the preceding year. The average Sunday attendance was 738. 
 The number of serials on file was increased from 587 to 662 during the last 
 year. Of these 468 are classified as periodicals, 69 daily newspapers, and 125 
 weekly and special newspapers ; 348 are American publications, 129 English, 
 86 German, 20 French, 42 Scandinavian, and 37 in other languages. The 
 amount expended for periodicals and newspapers was $2,966.95. 
 
 REAL ESTATE AND BUILDING. 
 
 Building operations for 1891. — The building operations in Chicago during 
 1891 just closed were by far the largest ever experienced in the history of the 
 city. In round numbers the amount of building done in this city during the 
 year aggregated $55,000,000. For the year 1890 the total amount of building 
 was $47,373,209 and $31,516,000 for 1889. The total number of permits 
 issued during the last year was $11,476, against 11,044 in 1890 and 
 7,590 in 1889. The combined frontage of these permits represents 
 280,614 feet, or about fifty-three miles of building frontage. As usual, the 
 South Division, which includes the business district, shows the largest aggre- 
 gate cost, $19,943,800, as against $15,577,500 for the year 1890. In Hyde 
 Park the number of permits issued was 1,990, against 2,044 in 1890. The cost, 
 however, shows a decided increase— $8,505,200, against $6,617,400 in 1890. 
 The Western division comes to the front with a total of 3,572 build- 
 ing permits issued, an increase of 565 over 1890, with a combined front- 
 age of 93,020 feet, and an aggregate cost of $13,360,570. There were 
 1,398 permits issued for Lake View, to cost $2,850,600, and 2,931 in the 
 town of Lake, to cost $5,625,600. The building of the Newberry library 
 swelled the total for the North side. In that division of the city 529 permits 
 were issued, whose cost aggregates $4,816,000, as against $3,685,000 in the 
 
104 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 preceding year. It is predicted on all sides that the building operations dur- 
 ing 1892 will be as far ahead of 1891 as that year was ahead of 1890. 
 
 The following indicates the great building activity of 1891 as shown by the 
 building permits. The totals given for the years including 1881 and 1890 are 
 from the official figures of the Building Commissioner. His estimate is taken 
 in part for the year 1891. 
 
 Buildinq, Comparative.- -The total for last year is far in advance of any 
 preceding year, and represents the estimated outlay for 1 he construction of 
 11500 buildings, covering a frontage of over fifty-one miles. The total 
 amounts of building permits for each of eleven years are given as follows: 
 
 1881 $13,467,000 1887 19,778,000 
 
 1883 15,842,000 1888 20,3)0,000 
 
 1883 17.500,000 1889 25,065,000 
 
 1884 20,689,000 1890 47,422,000 
 
 1885 19,624,000 1891 55,360,000 
 
 1886 21,324,000 
 
 New buildings erected ; 11, R 26 
 
 Feet frontage 281,654 
 
 Total cost $54,010,500 
 
 Total number of buildings erected since 1876 67,8r>8 
 
 cost " ' $3C9,309,379 
 
 " frontage " " " " ... 286 miles. 
 
 Building Permits for 1891. — Building during 1891 showed an expected 
 increase. The totals inside the city limits revealed the issuance of 11,582 per- 
 mits, for 281,654 feet, or about 53 miles of frontage, at a cost of $54,010,- 
 500. The character of the buildings erected was far in advance of any year 
 in the history of the city. Many of the structures are the most magnificent 
 on earth. The following comparative table shows the building permits issued 
 in 1890 and 1891. 
 
 Months. 
 
 January .. 
 February.. 
 Marcti . . 
 April . .... 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August . 
 September 
 October . 
 November. 
 December . 
 
 Total 
 
 
 1890. 
 
 
 
 1891. 
 
 No. of 
 
 Feet 
 
 Cost. 
 
 No. of 
 
 fr Feet 
 ontage. 
 
 permits 
 
 frontage . 
 
 permits. 
 
 575 
 
 13,556 
 
 $1,320,000 
 
 759 
 
 17,133 
 
 865 
 
 19,800 
 
 2,226,000 
 
 1,070 
 
 25,786 
 
 l,3i9 
 
 29,695 
 
 3,857,600 
 
 960 
 
 24,^99 
 
 964 
 
 20,500 
 
 2,767,000 
 
 1,035 
 
 24,386 
 
 1,054 
 
 24,840 
 
 3,388,000 
 
 1,100 
 
 27,481 
 
 1,064 
 
 21,500 
 
 7,899,900 
 
 1,122 
 
 30,120 
 
 1,047 
 
 24,570 
 
 4,789,600 
 
 1,097 
 
 25,147 
 
 1,038 
 
 24,750 
 
 6,737,000 
 
 1,035 
 
 24,954 
 
 1,015 
 
 23,442 
 
 3,676,000 
 
 1,102 
 
 24,937 
 
 1,188 
 
 28,890 
 
 4,832.000 
 
 1,137 
 
 27,008 
 
 824 
 
 16,790 
 
 2,169,700 
 
 759 
 
 18,421 
 
 588 
 
 12,579 
 
 3,725, 200 
 
 450 
 
 12,000 
 
 11,582 
 
 260,919 
 
 47,390,000 
 
 11,626 
 
 281,654 
 
 Cost. 
 
 $1,887,300 
 2,881,700 
 4,580,7t 
 4,070,100 
 4,671,800 
 4,786.000 
 4,782,500 
 3,711,700 
 4,324,900 
 6,611,000 
 8,702,700 
 3,700,000 
 
 54,010,500 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 
 
 105 
 
 Real Estate Transfers. — The following is the total number and amount of 
 real estate transfers within the city limits having a consideration of $1,000 
 and upward which were filed for record during the year ended Thursday, 
 December 31, 1891: 
 
 Month 
 
 January, 
 
 February 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 Juue 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 Total for the year 1891 
 Total for the year 1890 
 
 Consideration. 
 
 $12,387,988 
 10,695,707 
 12,065,120 
 13,6^3,598 
 16,448,826 
 13,J56,130 
 11,754 014 
 
 9,093,528 
 11,383,472 
 
 9,921,056 
 10.H5,089 
 
 9,794,319 
 
 140,338,847 
 174,172,769 
 
 The growth of Chicago during the last year is something marvellous, as 
 is best illustrated by the fact that rents advanced and all classes of residence 
 aud flats are occupied. Not withstanding the great number of dwelling houses, 
 apartment and office buildings erected during the year, vacant dwellings and 
 flats are very scarce and new buildings are being occupied as fast as they are 
 finished. 
 
 Another feature of the market during the year 1891 is the enormous 
 growth of Chicago as a manufacturing center. Manufacturers from all 
 parts of the country have located in Chicago, and many more are contem- 
 plating a removal to this city, which additions are bound to make it the larg- 
 est manufacturing center in the country. The importance of this feature for 
 the permanent benefit and growth of Chicago can hardly be overestimated. 
 
 Building Operations Since 1876: — From 1876 to 1889 there were erected 
 in the city 37,042 buildings, covering a frontage of 172 miles, costing $176,- 
 460,779, being an average of 3,087 per year for twelve years, an average of 
 14% milesof frontage, and an average cost of $14,705,065. The least number 
 of buildings erected in any one year was in 1878, with a frontage of about 
 six miles. The least expenditure was in 1879. The largest tiansaction for 
 same period was in 1888 — number of buildings 4,958, 22 miles frontage, 
 expenditure $20,360,800. During 1889 the number of buildings erected was 
 7,590, covering over 34 miles of street frontage and costing $81,516,000. 
 The buildings erected in 1890 covered a frontage of 50^ miles. In the 
 South Division 1,120 buildings were erected, having a frontage of 29.594 
 feet, and at a cost of $15,400,800; in the North Division 502 buildings, with a 
 frontage of 14.055 feet, costing $3,681,200; in the West Division 3,994, with 
 a frontage of 91,336 feet, costing $13,687,600. In Hyde park 2,052 buildings 
 were erected with a frontage of 44,481 feet, costing $6,624,300. In Lake 
 2,889 were erected, with a frontage of 63.297 feet, costing $5,578,100. Lake 
 
106 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 View added 1,051, with a frontage of 23,518 feet, costing $2,350,100. The 
 total building transactions of Chicago in 1890 were as follows: 
 
 New bindings erected 11,626 
 
 Feet frontage , 281,654 
 
 Total cost $54,010,500 
 
 Total number of buildings erected since 1876 67,868 
 
 cost " k $309,309,379 
 
 " frontage " " " " 286 miles. 
 
 Some of the Great Buildings of 1891. — The Economist,!!! its annual edition, 
 gave the following : 
 
 One fifth of the total cost for the year is composed of 22 massiye struct- 
 ures, chiefly office buildings, the majority of which are well under way and 
 nearing completion, while six for which permits were issued during the agi- 
 tation of the subject of limiting the height of buildings will not 
 be constructed for some time, possibly years. The large buildings now in 
 process of construction are as follows: The Unity at a cost of $750,(00; 
 Cook County Abstract and Trust Company, $600,000 ; Ashland block, $600,- 
 000 ; German Opeia House, $600,000 ; the .Newberry Library, $500,000 ; the 
 Mecca apartment house, $600,000 ; the Venetian, $300,000 ; Hopson's Hotel, 
 $250,000 ; J. W. Ellsworth's office building at 353 and 359 Dearborn street, 
 $250,000 ; Chicago Athletic Association's Club House, $200,000 ; John M. 
 Smyth's mercantile building, $200,000 ; American Express Company's Stables 
 at Sebor and Clinton streeis, $200,000. The large buildings for which per- 
 mits were issued, and on which work has not yet been commenced are as 
 follows : The Marquette, on the site of the Honore block, $900,000 ; Hig- 
 gles & Furber's, sixteen-story store and office building at the southeast corner 
 of State and Washington streets, $800,000 ; D. E. Blodgett, a twelve-story 
 office structure on the site of the Times building at Fifth avenue and Wash- 
 ington street. $700,000 ; D. E. Bradley, a sixteen-story office structure on 
 Quincy and Jackson streets, east of Dearborn, $600,000 ; Francis Barlett's 
 sixteen story office building on the south side of Van Buren street, between 
 Dearborn street and Plymouth place, $600,000 ; Brooks estate on Dearborn 
 street, north of Van Buren, sixteen-story office building, $600,000 ; Byron L. 
 Smith, sixteen story store and office building at the southwest corner of Mich- 
 igan avenue and Washington street, $400,000 ; William A. Giles, twelve-story 
 office building at the northeast corner of Jackson street and Fifth avenue, 
 $400,000 ; the George A. Fuller Company, a fourteen-story mercantile build- 
 ing at 147 and 153 Fifth avenue, $400,000; and Otto Young, sixteen-story 
 store and office building at the northwest corner of State and Madison streets, 
 $288,000; the total involving an expenditure of $10,738,000. 
 
 Other notable buildings for which permits were issued during 1891, many 
 of which are now completed, are as follows: The six-story store and apart- 
 ment house being erected by St. Luke's Hospital at 1423 and 1429 Michigan 
 avenue, at a cost of $140,000; estate of B. F.Tobin, six-story apartment house 
 at the southeast corner of Cottage Grove avenue and Thirty third street, at a 
 cost of $125,000; B. Philpot, four-story store and flat buildings at the north- 
 west corner of Michigan avenue and Thirteenth street, $100,000; A. Tinner, 
 a four story apartment house at Forty-seventh street and Ellis avenue, $100,- 
 000; John A. Lynch, a three-story residence and barn at. 562 and 568 North 
 State street, $100,000; J. W. Oakley, six story warehouse at 112 and 120 
 Michigan street, $100,000; M. Krause. six-story warehouse at 158 to 168 West 
 Randolph street, $100,000; Western Wheel Works, a five-story factory at 127 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 107 
 
 and 139 Sigel stre?t, $80,000; L. Wolff Manufacturing Company, to reconstruct 
 and add three stories to the building at 91 Dearborn street, $75,000; Frank 
 Turner, five four-story and basement store and flat buildings at 1254 and 1258 
 North Clark street, $70,000; Taylor, Allen & Co., seven three-story houses at 
 5026 and 5038 Washington avenue, $70,000; George Hankins, eight four-story 
 flat buildings at the southeast corner of Twenty -sixth street and Indiana ave- 
 nue, $75,000; A. L. Patterson, seven four-story store and flat buildings at 
 Forty-third street and Evans avenue, $75,000; F. D. Clarke, ten-story apart- 
 ment house at 333 and 335 Michigan avenue, $75,000; Einstein &Merritt, four- 
 story store building at 201 and 207 State street, $70,000; the Citizen's Brewing 
 Company, a six-story brew-house at 2754 and 2764 Archer avenue, $200,000; 
 the Standard Brewing Company, an $80,000 plant at the southwest corner of 
 Twelfth street and Campbell avenue; Peter Hand Brewing Company, a $60,- 
 000 plant at 35 to 47 Sheffield avenue, while Brewer & Hoffman enlarged their 
 plant to the extent of $50,000, and the Anheuser-Busch Company, of St. 
 Louis, built a supply depot at a cost of $50,000. 
 
 The city erected twenty-two school buildings, at an average cost of $70,- 
 000, making a total of $1,540,000. The buildings are mostly three stories 
 high and contain sixteen rooms, each with a capacity for about sixty pupils. 
 They are constructed of brick, stone and terra cotta,the interiors being nicely 
 finished and heated by steam. 
 
 SHIP AND DRAINAGE CANAL. 
 
 The question of drainage is one that has received the most earnest atten- 
 tion of the people of Chicago during recent years. It involves so much of 
 momentous importance that the State of Illinois has placed it in the hands of 
 a Drainage Commission, with powers equal to those exercised by the county 
 or municipal governments. These powers embrace the borrowing of an enor- 
 mous amount of money upon the credit of the people owning property in the 
 districts to be affected by the carrying out of the scheme, the condemnation 
 of land, the digging of canals, the construction of dams, dykes, docks, etc., 
 etc., and the general management of the drainage system of the district known 
 as the Desplaines Water Shed. It would require a volume in itself to give a 
 proper review of the drainage question. The chief features only can be 
 treated of here: 
 
 Changing the Water Flow. — In the remote past the overflow of the waters 
 of Lake Superior and Lake Michigan ran through the Mississippi south to the 
 Gulf of Mexico, instead of as now — northeast through the Gulf of St. Law- 
 rence to the Atlantic. At the same time Lake Erie was emptying into the 
 Atlantic through Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence; not by the Niagara, but 
 by the Dundas valley, a channel not far from the line of the present Welland 
 canal. Then, at some epoch unknown and for some cause unguessed, the 
 Detroit strait and the Niagara strait were opened, Lake Michigan slowly fell 
 about thirty feet, and its outlet (now "the Divide," at Summit, close to city 
 limits, twelve miles southwest of the Court-house) gradually filled up with 
 
108 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 
 THE SANITARY DRAINAGE DISTRICT. 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 109 
 
 mixed deposit; so that to-day the dry bed of "Mud Lake " is the sole remain- 
 ing representative of the once great southward waterway. Within a few 
 years, long before the close of the nineteenth century, the old order of things 
 must be re-established and mighty Michigan once more find its waters flowing 
 southward. The hand of man will compel it again to turn in its bed, and lie 
 with its head to the north and its foot to the south as of old. The canal which 
 is to be built as an outlet will carry a stream of water 160 feet wide, 18 feet deep, 
 flowing 2-£ miles an hour. Through this canal the largest steamers might float, 
 but it is not intended that passage through shall be provided for them, because 
 the locks by which they would have to descend (151£ feet) to reach the Illi- 
 nois river are too small and the river itself is far too shallow for their accom- 
 modation. Some Mississippi boats can come to us, but our stately ships can 
 not go to them. Each must break bulk in Chicago. Also — an important 
 consideration — light draft gunboats may pass and repass freely between the 
 great lakes and the great river. As we stand now, any nation having control 
 of the St. Lawrence and the Welland canal has at least the highway necessary 
 to command Lakes Erie, St. Clair, Huron and Michigan with all that lies on 
 their shores. 
 
 Cost of the Undertaking. — To accomplish the ends desired will cost the 
 Sanitary District (practically the city of Chicago) about $20,000,000. 
 
 Disposing of Chicago Sewage. — The one great object of this ship canal, how- 
 ever, is to dispose of Chicago sewage. When the population was small, the 
 city was drained by the Chicago river and the lake. Years ago it became 
 apparent that a change would have to be made in this respect. The course 
 of the Chicago river is naturally into Lake Michigan, but pumping works 
 were erected at Bridgeport, in the southwestern part of the city, which lift an 
 average of 40,000 cubic feet per minute into the Illinois and Michigan Canal, 
 causing, under ordinary conditions, a perceptible current away from the lake. 
 The water thus pumped into the canal flows south to the Illinois river and 
 thence to the Mississippi. Pumping works at Fullerton avenue, on the north 
 branchof the Chicago river, force water from the lake into that stream, diluting 
 its contents, and furnishing the head needed for a flow toward the Bridgeport 
 pumps. This means of disposing of the city's sewage is wholly inadequate 
 to its needs, and the pollution of the water supply of the city is constantly 
 menaced. Measures have therefore been taken to construct a large gravity 
 channel as an outlet for the sewage of Chicago into the Illinois river. The 
 Chicago Sanitary District has been formed by act of Legislature of the State 
 of Illinois; nine trustees .have been elected to supervise the construction of a 
 channel; a corps of engineers has been set at work making preliminary sur- 
 veys, and plans are being perfected for a channel which will answer the 
 double purpose of disposing of the city's sewage and establishing a naviga- 
 ble waterway for the interchange of commerce between Lake Michigan and 
 the Mississippi river. 
 
 Route of the Ship Canal. — A trip over the route of the great ship and drain- 
 age canal will be interesting and instructive to visitors who are of an inquir- 
 ing or of a scientific turn of mind. Starting from Bridgeport, where is located 
 the present pumping works (Ashland and Archer avenues), whose ponderous 
 engines are laboriously lifting, every minute, 60,000 cubic feet of the slimy, 
 filthy water of the river, at a cost of $'1,000 per week, we strike right across 
 the country to Summit. Here we come to the bank of the " Ogden-Went- 
 worth ditch," well known by name to very many and by face to very few. 
 
110 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Sometimes it has been a great, moving flood, bringing Desplaines water in 
 to work harm to all the low-lying partsof Southwestern Chicago. Now it is a 
 huge gutter, dry, except for a sluggish rivulet trickling along its middle. 
 Its purpose was to drain Mud Lake, and by its aid that long, narrow basin is 
 now and has been for many years dry land — at least land dry enough for 
 agriculture, and to some extent for humble habitation by theunexacting poor. 
 Its course presents few attractions — none, unless the great Chicago Bride- 
 well be called attractive, which it is not, usually — rather to be avoided if con- 
 venient. 
 
 Eight miles out, at the head of the ditch, is the "Ogden Dam,'' another 
 entity whereof many know the name who would not recognize the aspect if 
 they met it in their morning walks. It is a plank wall perhaps twelve feet 
 high on an average, running less than 100 feet northerly and southerly, bar- 
 ring the eastward flow of the Desplaines river, save when spring floods over- 
 top it, Mud Lake becomes once more a lake, and its waters flow with great 
 speed and volume unchecked toward the city, where they enter the South 
 Branch and drive its foul winter accumulations out into the lake — our drink- 
 ing fountain. 
 
 _ So we have reached the famous "Divide." This is " Summit." Before 
 us is the Desplaines, flowing toward the warm, torrid Gulf of Mexico; behind 
 us the waters that are destined to the Gulf of St. Lawrence by icy, stormy 
 Labrador. We have come eight miles fr m Bridgeport, and all the way on 
 our left we have passed the present canal, its course marked by the long high 
 pile ot rocks excavated from its bed. Just beyond the canal is the Chicago 
 & Alton railroad, which closely follows its course nearly all the way to Joliet, 
 and just this side of it the Chicago and Santa Fe, which ciosses the ditch east 
 of the dam. 
 
 It happens quite by accident that the first stretch of the Ogden Ditch 
 points iirectly toward the Auditorium tower, and, as we look back along its 
 course, that square structure is perfectly visible with a glass — may be faintly 
 descried with the naked eye in favorable states of the atmosphere, looming 
 in the little gap between the low shrubbery that has sprung up on either side 
 of the watercourse. 
 
 Turning our backsto Lake Michigan we see before us to the southwest the 
 "twelve-mile level " of the Desplaines. At this dry time it is almost without 
 current, and the landscape along its banks is as tame and featureless as 
 can well be imagined. Even the canal itself has more fall here than the 
 river, and its bed is some twelve feet lower than the surface of the stream. 
 The rolling prairie near Summit changes to a wooded ridge coming in from 
 the left as we near Willow Springs, a place attractive to festive picnickers 
 brought out by the Alton and the Santa Fe railways, the former following 
 the left bank and the latter the right. Following the tow-path we come in 
 sight of frequent piles of waste rock, showing that we are entering the great 
 quarry district. The old canal (still some feet lower than the river) runs near 
 a high wooded ridge that marks the southeasterly limit of the valley. At 
 length this ridge begins to grow lower ; we are approaching the ' ' Sag " feeder 
 which used to bring water from the Calumet river and deliver itto the canal. 
 Wearily we climb the hill, when, all at once, a strong, cool breeze greets the 
 beaded brow, and lifting the eyes they are surprised with the sight of abroad 
 green vale stretching eastward far below, bringing a Rilvery, winding stream 
 and a refreshing breath of unmistakable T nko Michigan air. Here is a ceme- 
 tery and a Catholic priest in attendance, From him we learn : 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. HI 
 
 1 ' This is the Sag Bottoms before you. It is a low area of land running to 
 Calumet Lake, some twenty-five miles away. The Indians who used to live 
 here called the stream the Au-sag-nous-ki, the west grass valley. You see 
 that winding stream? Well, that's the Sag feeder, the old Calumet Canal. 
 Back about '50 they used to run passenger-boats down the feeder. There 
 weren't any railroads to speak of then. The feeder runs clear through from 
 the Calumet river to Stony Creek, round Lane's Island (which isn't an island 
 at all, but only high ground), and down through the bottoms into the Illinois 
 and Michigan Canal just below here. That is the town of Sag over there." 
 
 We descend aud follow the feeder to its junction with the canal. Its 
 water islow now, since the canal was deepened (1870), but there is still a cur- 
 rent passing under the bridge of the railway, its successful and dominant 
 rival. From Hastings to Lemont the canal presents a lively aspect. Quarry 
 succeeds quarry in close succession. Each has its swinging cranes at work 
 loading track-cars and canal-boats, and the canal is frequently bridged with 
 "locomotive cranes "running on supporting trusses, and carrying huge blocks 
 of stone from the quarries to the mills to be sawed or planed into building 
 blocks or flag-stones. In the quarries proper the scene is active and the sound 
 continuous. Steam drills and channelers bore and carve the sandstone, and 
 brawny arms raise and drop the heavy hand-drill. Here is a line of men 
 sinking a series of wedge-holes into a stratum of the milk-white rock ; beyond 
 is another line driving a row of wedges with fast-falling blows of the sledge- 
 hammer. A sharp, cracking noise and the :plit has run from hole to hole, 
 and with a grinding sound a long, narrow strip of stone pushes out from its 
 immemorial bed. " Do you see those men slinking off through the weeds on 
 the hill ? They are getting out of the way of a blast." Sure enough, in a few 
 seconds a sound of cannon-shot indicates that several blasts have been fired 
 simultaneously by electricity. A mass of smoke rises, and as the cloud dis- 
 perses it discloses a shower of fragments and falling stones. 
 
 Below Lemont some extensive earth-moving, "scalping," is, doing by 
 steam shovels to strip the rock for quarrying. Though the Desplaines here is 
 broad, shallow and sluggish, yet it has already fallen a good deal, for it is 
 now about level with the canal or lower. These inexhaustible quarries of 
 easily-worked stone are a great and ownly partly recognized factor in making 
 Chicago what she is and what she will be. Timber to the north, coal to the 
 south, a great lake to the northeast, a great river to the southwest, and a 
 glorious country all around — what more could be asked to build her up to be 
 the metropolis of America? Nothing but something to build with. And she 
 has it all. Lumber is her great staple. Brick, clay and building-sand are her 
 very foundation, and a whole valley of kindly rock is at her very door. In 
 truth Chicago is Nature's chosen tabernacle. Vain — vain and foolish for us 
 Chicagoans to fancy that we made our city, for it is Chicago which has made 
 us. From Lemont to Lockport the valley widens, the bottoms forming level 
 and open areas of prairie. At Lockport the river is some twenty-five feet 
 lower than at Lemont. Lockport is a large and interesting manufacturing 
 town, showing the effect of the water-power which even the old canal has 
 furnished. Much surplus water is now wasting here; not because it is not 
 valuable, but because it is the product of the increased action of the Bridge- 
 port pumps, an increase which has accrued too lately to allow time to erect 
 the mills which should be using the power. The flood forms a raging torrent 
 forty feet wide, attractive to the eye, offensive to the nose. 
 
 From Lockport to Joliet is eight miles, but the drainage canal, strictly 
 
112 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 speaking, ceases at Lockport, thirty-four miles below Chicago, -where the 
 river bed becomes low enough to care for the water. The canal is under way 
 and will surely be completed within our own times. All craft short of our 
 great lakers will use it. By water to the gulf and beyond will be part of our 
 daily traffic. 
 
 Note. — The canal and its route are almost as far from construction or 
 determination at this writing as they were when the last edition of the Guide 
 was given to the public. There is so much vagueness connected with the work 
 of the commission and the engineers, and so much uncertainty as to plans, 
 that the compiler does not feel justified in changing the foregoing matter.' 
 There is nothing better to substitute. 
 
 WATER WORKS. 
 
 The water works of Chicago are among the wonders of the city, not 
 alone because of their magnitude, but because of the magnificent engineering 
 features which they present to the intelligent or curious visitor. The great 
 central pumping works of the system are as follows: Foot of Chicago avenue, 
 North Side. Take North Clark street cable or State street car to Chicago 
 avenue, and walk east toward the lake. These works are at the Southern 
 end of the Lake Shore drive and should be visited by all strangers. West 
 Side works, corner of Blue Island avenue and Twenty -second street. Take 
 Blue Island avenue car. Central pumping station, West Harrison street; 
 between Desplaines and Halsted streets. Take Harrison street o-r South 
 Halsted street cars. To visit the different " cribs " situated in Lake Michi- 
 gan, during the summer months, take excursion boats on the lake shore, foot 
 of Van Buren street. The fare for round trip is 25 cents. The area of Chi- 
 cago is about 181 square miles, the greater part of which is thickly populated, 
 requiring good facilities for an abundant supply of water. This is drawn 
 from Lake Michigan by a number of separate water works, all of which are 
 operated upon the same plan. Owing to the perfectly level plain upon which 
 Chicago is built, there is no natural elevation available for the establishment 
 of reservoirs. The water, when drawn from the lake, is pumped directly into 
 the mains against a stand-pipe head of about 100 feet. 
 
 Description of Water Works. — The Water Works System may be intelli- 
 gently described by confining ourselves to the principal Water Works, or 
 those now in full operation. Two miles from the shore, in the lake, a substan- 
 tial structure is located, which is popularly styled "the crib," within which 
 is an iron cylinder 9 feet in diimeter, extending down 31 feet below the bot- 
 tom of the lake, and connecting with two distinct tunnels leading to separate 
 pumping works on shore. Water is admitted into the crib from the surface 
 of the lake, its fbw being regulated by a gate. The tunnel first constructed 
 is five feet in diameter, and communicates with the pumping works at the 
 foot of Chicago ave., where there are four double and two single engines, 
 
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 
 MASONIC TEMPLE, STATE AND RANDOLPH STS. 
 
 [See "Guide.' 1 ] 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 113 
 
 which furnishes a daily average of 50,000,000 gallons under a head of 105.7 
 feet. The second tunnel is seven feet in diameter, and extends under the lake 
 and under the city, a distance of six miles, to the pumping works on the 
 West Side, in which there are four engines whose daily performance is about 
 61,000,000 gallons under a head of 106 feet. A new central pumping station 
 has recently been built on West Harrison St., between Desplainesand Halsted 
 sts., which is for the present obtaining its supply of water from the seven- 
 foot tunnel just referred to. It is equipped with two triple expansion 
 engines, built by the Edward P. Allis Company, of Milwaukee, each weigh- 
 ing 440 tons, including pumps, and each calculated to deliver 15,000,000 gal- 
 lons daily against ahead of 125 feet, with a steam pressure of 125 pounds. 
 With a view to meeting the requirements in the near future of this rapidly 
 growing city, a new late tunnel is in course of construction. The in-take to 
 this tunnel will be located four miles from shore, to avoid the pollution of 
 the water supply from the drainage into the lake. The original plans con- 
 templated an eight-foot tunnel, but difficulties were encountered in the 
 nature of the soil which made it necessary to reduce the size, and two six- 
 foot tunnels are now being driven. An intermediate crib has been built, two 
 and one-half miles from shore, to enable the water supply from this source 
 to be made available at an early day. The central pumping station at Harri- 
 son st. will eventually draw its supply from this new tunnel, as will another 
 pumping station now in course of erection on Fourteenth st. The latter sta- 
 tion will be supplied with four triple expansion engines of the same pattern 
 as those at the Harrison street station. 
 
 Cost of Water Works. — The total cost of the works constituting the 
 Chicago Water system is as follows: 
 
 Cost up to May 6, 1861, when the works were transferred from Board 
 
 of Water Commissioners to the Board of Public works. . . $1,020,160 21 
 
 Expenditures since 1861. 
 
 Cost of water pipe laid (including labor) $7,812,132 37 
 
 Cost of North pumping works 918,573 14 
 
 Cost of West pumping works 898,849 37 
 
 Cost of first lake tunnel 464,866 37 
 
 Cost of second lake tunnel 415,709 36 
 
 Cost of lake crib protection 149,431 63 
 
 Cost of new lake tunnel 232,466 19 
 
 Cost of land tunnel to West pumping works 54i,912 63 
 
 Cost of new land tunnel 254,894 38 
 
 Cost of lake tunnel crib 70,319 10 
 
 Cost of lake shore inlet 42,871 17 
 
 Cost of new lake shore inlet 84,174 17 
 
 Cost of water works shop 25,55 1 73 
 
 Cost of water works stock '. 29,318 00 
 
 Cost of water reservoir fence 1,702 87 
 
 Cost of addition to stable 1,019 48 
 
 Cost of real estate for sites of new pumping works 206,972 35 
 
 Cost on account of Central pumping works 235,150 1 1 
 
 Cost on account of South Side pumping works 141,743 46 
 
 Cost on account of new lake crib 19 ',262 65 
 
 Cost on account of breakwater 28,181 93 
 
 Total cost of the entire water works to December 31, 1889 $13,772,562 25 
 
 Amounts expended in 1890 1,250,000 00 
 
 Total cost to December 31, 1890 $15,022,562 25 
 
 Total Cost to Dec. 31, 1891 (estimated) 18,000,000 
 
114 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 New Water Tunnels, — The new water tunnels will be completed long before 
 the World's Columbian Exposition is held here. It is expected that the 
 additional water supply will pa^s through these tunnels and be distributed in 
 the city before the close of 1892. 
 
 Source of Water Supply. — The water supply of Chicago and her environs 
 is taken from Lake Michigan, which is a part of the chain of lakes and rivers 
 composing the basin of the St. Lawrence. To form some idea of this inex- 
 haustible and magnificent, reservoir of pure water, at the very doors of her 
 people, it is only necessary to give a few pertinent statistics. The chief 
 geographer of trie United States geological survey gives the following 
 data: Area of basin of St. Lawrence, 457,000 square miles, of which 
 330,000 belong to Canada, 127,000 to the United States. Lake Superior 
 — area, 31,200 square miles; length, 412 miles; minimum breadth, 167 
 miles; maximum depth, 1,008 feet; altitude above sea level, 602 feet. 
 Lake Huron — area, 21,000 square miles; 263 miles long, 101 broad; maxi- 
 mum depth, 702 feet, altitude, 581 feet. Lake St. Clair, 29 miles long; 
 Lake Erie, area, 9,960 square miles; length, 250 miles; maximum breadth, 60 
 miles; maximum depth, 210 feet; altitude, 573 feet, and above Lake Ontario 
 326 feet. Lake Ontario — area, 7, 240 square miles; length, 190 miles; breadth, 
 54 miles; maximum depth, 738 feet; altitude, 247 feet. Lake Michigan — 
 area, 22,450 square miles; maximum breadth, 84 miles; length, 345 miles, 
 maximum depth, 870 feet; altitude, 581 feet. 
 
 Temperature of Lake Water. — The average temperature of the water in 
 the lake, from observations taken at the crib during the year 1891, was: Jan- 
 uary, 32.0; February, 32.0; March, 35.4; April, 43.3; May, 51.9, June, 54.9; 
 July, 65.9; August, 60.2; October, 50.6; November, 43.0; December, 37.5. 
 
 Water Towers. — For the benefit of those who do not understand the prin- 
 ciples of water distribution in a great city, the following explanation is 
 given: A tuunel from the crib in the lake is built on an incline so that the 
 water pours into a well under the water works. In gettiug there it has been 
 allowed to fall several feet below the level of the lake. When the pumping 
 is light, of course the water rises in the well to the level of its source — the 
 lake — but in Chicago the demand is so strong that the pumps keep the water 
 in the well several feet below that in the lake, raising the water from a dis- 
 tance maybe sixteen feet below lake surface. After the pumps have thus 
 raised the water their work is just begun. They must now force it out the 
 mains and into the houses, just as an ordinary well pump, wiih the valve in 
 the bottom of the well instead of up near the pump handle, brings the write r 
 to the pump spout. The use of the tower is now shown. Take away a sec- 
 tion of the masonry and there remains an upright pipe. A description of the 
 West Side water works tower will serve as anlllustration. There the stand- 
 pipe is five feet in diameter and about 167 feet high. It is made of plate 
 boiler iron about five-eighths of an inch thick, and looks like an ordinary 
 engine boiler, except in length. When the water passes the valve in the 
 pump it passes through the main pipe close by the base of this tower, or may 
 pass under the tower. An opening allows the water to run out of the pipe 
 into the tower stand-pipe. At the West Side works there are four of these 
 main pipes, all opening into the stand-pipe. Now comes the essential part, 
 which is very simple, when understood. The pumps are started, say at a 
 pressure of forty pounds to the square inch of surface. The water is forced 
 out along the mains, and through the opening into the tower stand-pipe. 
 
 I 
 
CHICAGO AS IT IS. 115 
 
 That will raise the water about two and one-third feet in the stand-pipe for 
 each pound of pressure, which is about ninety-three feet for the forty 
 pounds. The weight of the water in the p pe represents that power, and 
 stands there as an elastic spring or cushion, rising and falling, equalizing the 
 pressure on the water faucets and pipes. If every one having faucets on the 
 main should close them, the water pumped in the main would have an escape 
 through this pipe, and the result can be imagined — the pipe wouldn't hold it 
 very long if the pumps were not stopped. But there is an indicator, like the 
 .lands on the face of a clock, which shows just how much water is being 
 drawn, or how much of the power is used, and the engineer regulates his 
 pumping accordingly. After the above explanation it may be simply stated 
 th^t the stand-pipe in the water tower furnishes an equalizer, so that when 
 an engine is mining at a given rate of speed or pressure, the turning on or 
 off of a few more or less faucets by consumers may not seriously and too 
 surldczly affect the pressure and supply. 
 
 Vater Supply of the Environs. — The water supply of the southern portion 
 of the territory recently annexed to the city, and known as Hyde Park 
 and Lake districts, is taken through a five-foot tunnel about 5,000 feet long, 
 and is pumped by two 12,000,000-horizontal and one6,000,000-vertical Gaskill 
 pumping engines, one horizontal 3,000,000 Knowles engine, two 3,000,000 
 Cope & Maxwell engines and one of Henry R. Worthington'o horizontal high- 
 duty pumping on nines. This plant is located at the foot of Sixty-eighth 
 street, near the South Shore station of the South Chicago branch of the 
 Illinois Central railroad. The water supply of the northern portion of the 
 annexed territory, known as the Lake View district, is taken through one 
 twenty-four-inch pipe and one eighteen-inch pipe, and is pumped by one 
 horizontal 12,000,000 Gaskill engine, one horizontal 5,000,000 Worthington 
 low-duty engine and a 3,000,000 Vergennes geared engine. A lake tunnel to 
 supply the pumping engines for this district is now in course of construction. 
 It will be six feet in diameter and two miles long. 
 
 Suburban Water Supply. — Nearly every suburban town , whether within the 
 corporate limits oroutside of them, has its own water works. A great many use 
 the Artesian well system at first, but some, for various reasons, take their supply 
 from the lake, the water of which answers all purposes of a domestic nature. 
 Some of the suburbs have water works of considerable magnitude. ^ Evanston, 
 for instance, has a system and machinery which a city of 50,000 inhabitants 
 might be proud of. [See " Outlying Chicago."] 
 

 PART III. 
 
 THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 AMUSEMENTS. 
 
 The visitor, whoever he may he or wherever he may come from, will 
 not lack for opportunities of enjoying himself to his heart's content in Chicago, 
 no matter in what direction his taste may happen to lie. It is said by those 
 who have made a study of the matter that there are more places of amuse- 
 ment open in Chicago daily and nightly than in any other city on the globe. 
 In addition to such amusements as may be termed strictly American, we 
 have presented to us here constantly the leading attractions of European 
 cities. Whatever is popular abroad speedily finds its way to Chicago, to be 
 tested here at least. The Chicago theatre-goers areas familiar with the work 
 of the dramatists and actors of Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, 
 Italy and Russia, as they are with the work of American dramatists and actors, 
 becausethere is a constant procession of attractions across the Atlantic, and 
 because foreign play- wrights and actors of celebrity find an appreciative public 
 and a golden harvest on this side of the ocean. Chicago during recent years 
 has become a dramatic center of the first rank. Many new plays are pro- 
 duced here every season for the first time. The stamp of Chicago approval 
 usually insures the success of a drama, comedy or burlesque, throughout the 
 country. Architecturally the amusement houses of Chicago are the best in 
 the United States ; the interior decorations, the scenery and the stage 
 fittings of our theatres are unsurpassed. Aside from the theatres there are 
 numerous first-class places of amusement, all of which are pointed out under 
 this heading. 
 
 Alhambra Theatre. — Located at the corner of State st. and Archer ave. ; H. 
 R. Jacobs, manager. Take State st. cable line. This theatrewas opened by 
 Miss Emma Juch, the prima donna, in 1890. It is one of the handsomest in 
 the city. The theatre has a grand entrance on State st. and another entrance 
 on Archer ave., both leading inward through a business block to a large court 
 from which a spacious lobby opens into the main foyer. Here awidestaircase 
 leads to the balcony and branches into side flights of steps both at the top and 
 bottom. The auditorium, constructed upon the most approved modern sys- 
 tem, is wide but not deep, and has a seating capacity of 2.500 aside from the 
 twelve boxes. The lower floor seats 750, the balcony 550, and the gallery 
 1,200. The ornamentation of the iuterior about the boxes, balconies and 
 stage front and ceiling, is Moorish in design, and the colors arc salmon and 
 shrimp pink with intermediate shades. One feature of the new playhouse 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 117 
 
 that makes its plan well-nigh a model one is the excellent system of fire- 
 escapes and exits provided. From the various parts of the house are twenty- 
 eight exits, those from the gallery and balcony reaching to iron staircases, 
 spiral and straight, running down the exterior walls. The stage is forty-five 
 feet deep and has an opening of twenty-five feet. Tlere are twenty-four 
 dressing-rooms, besides two large rooms for "supers," a bill-room, and music 
 rooms — all supplied with every convenience and arranged after the most 
 desirable plans. 
 
 Auditorium Theatre. — The theatre of the auditorium building is justly 
 entitled to the distinction of being the best equipped for stage purposes, the 
 handsomest in interior decorative work, the most perfect in acoustics and 
 the most convenient and comfortable for audience s in this or any other 
 country. Columns of praise have been written about it. Architects and 
 artists of international fame have lauded its merits and its beauties. 
 Thousands from foreign shores, who have visited it during the various 
 notable performances which have been given within its walls, have been 
 surprised at its size and magnificence, and gave willing testimony to its superi- 
 ority over their own famousf places of amusement. No less remarkable have 
 been the compliments paid by the famous vocalists who have sung on its 
 stage. Patti, whose presence has graced all the great opera-houses of the 
 new and oid world, marveled at the ease with which she could sing to the 
 immense audiences which made the opening season so notable. Tamagno, 
 Lehmann, Albani, Reichman, Nordica and others of like fame, were no less 
 complimentary. In short, the opinions of everybody — artist, auditor, 
 lecturer and critical foreigner — have been unanimous in declaring the grand 
 auditorium theatre unsurpassed for all the purposes to which it was 
 dedicated. The great audience room was thrown open to the public on the 
 evening of December 9, 1889. The occasion is not likely to be forgotten by 
 those who were fortunate to secure admission. 
 
 The following programme was given : 
 
 Triumphal Fantasie, Theodore Dubois. 
 
 Composed for this occasion for grand organ and orchestra. 
 Clarence Eddy, Organist. 
 
 Address, - - - Hon. Dewitt C. Cregter, Mayor of Chicago. 
 
 Address, Ferdinand. W. Peck. 
 
 Cantata, ....... Frederick Grant Oleason. 
 
 Composed for this occasion and sung by a chorus of five 
 hundred voices under the direction of 
 
 William L. Tomlins. 
 
 Address. - PRESIDENT HARRISON. 
 
 Address, Hon. John S. Runnells, of Chicago. 
 
 "Home, Sweet Home," 
 
 MADAME ADELINA PATTI. 
 
 intermission. 
 
118 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 "America," 
 
 Apollo Club. 
 
 Concert Fantasie, Op. 33, F. Be La Tombelle. 
 
 Composed expressly for the dedication of the Auditorium organ. 
 Clarence Eddy. 
 
 "The Heavens are Telling," - - Haydn. 
 
 Apollo Club. 
 Address (Dedicatory), - Hon. Jos. W. Fiper, Governor of Illinois. 
 "Hallelujah," — Chorus from "The Messiah." - - - Handel. 
 
 Apollo Club. 
 
 The presence of President Harrison gave a national color to the festivi- 
 ties. Patti received a tremendous ovation when she stepped in front, on the 
 arm of Manager Milward Adams, and as the last note of "Home, Sweet 
 Home" wafted through the space the demonstrations were extraordinary 
 When midnight came the vast audience dispersed and the most brilliant 
 scene ever enacted in an American theatre remained fixed forever in their 
 memory. A remarkably prosperous season of Italian opera followed, under 
 the management of Henry E. Abbey, which lasted four weeks. Next to the 
 appearances of Patti was, perhaps, the debut of the renowned Tamagno, the 
 tenor in Verdi's Othello, the first complete performance of which was given 
 in America during this season. A few weeks later the same company returned 
 for a supplementary season of two weeks, and the success of the first series 
 was repeated. The Apollo Club gave its first concert on December 25th. A 
 grand charity ball, attended by the wealth and fashion of the city, was held on 
 the 9th of January, 1890. 
 
 The Hebrews followed with a grand ball on 21st of same month. Sarasate 
 and D' Albert, the famous violinist and pianist, appeared on 27th and 29th of 
 January, and againin February. The important engagements following were: 
 The Duff Opera Company, in a series of Gilbert & Sullivan operas; DeWitt 
 Talmage's lecture, April8th ; the " Kirmess, " April 17th, 18th, 19th ; the German 
 Opera Company, from the Metropolitan Opera House, New York, from Feb- 
 ruary 21st to March 10th; the Apollo Club, May 26th and 27th; the Strauss 
 Orchestral Concerts, June 2d to 6th; "Shenandoah," August 26th to September 
 6th; return engagement of Duff Opera Company, September 18th to October 
 4th; Strauss return concert, October 9th to 14th, and a magnificent production 
 of an English pantomime, direct from Drury Lane Theatre, London, entitled 
 " The Babes in the Wood," November 10th to December 20th. 
 
 The audience room of the theatre is reached from Congress street near the 
 corner of Wabash avenue. A grand vestibule with ticket offices on the 
 right and left sides leads to a mosaic paved lobby. The low vaulted ceiling, 
 pillared by shapely towers and jetted with electric lights, give it a unique 
 appearance. Several large cloak rooms range along one side, and from the 
 other broad marble stairs, protected by solid bronze balusters, reach to the 
 foyer. This part of the house is of ample dimensions, and richly furnished. 
 Two large retiring rooms for ladies and smokers adjoin on the south end. 
 both decorated and furnished with dainty taste. The house contains 40 
 boxes, supplied with luxurious chairs and sofas and hung with curtains of 
 delicate tinted plush. There are 4,050 seats, about 1,500 of which are 
 located in the parquet. Above the parquet are the first and second balconies 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. H9 
 
 and the gallery. The two latter portions of the house can be closed down for 
 special occasions by iron curtains worked by a windlass and chains — an 
 ingenious arrangement and very useful at times. Over 5,500 incandescent 
 lamps are used in the theatre and stage. The general color treatment of its 
 walls, ceiling and pillars is yellow in various shades. The effect produced 
 when the electric lamps are lit is extraordinarily impressive. The orchestra 
 pit has accommodations for 100 players. 
 
 A special feature of the theatre is the great organ located in a compartment 
 behind the north wall. This instrument was dedicated October 29, 1890, in 
 the presence of an audience which filled every seat and occupied much of the 
 stauding space in the foyer. The organ is considered to be the most perfect 
 in the world, and in size ranks among the largest. It contains 7,193 pipes 
 and swell, and is divided into seven parts, namely, " Great, Pedal, Swell, 
 Choir, Echo, Solo and Stage." The echo organ is located in the roof over the 
 parquet, and is operated by means of electricity from the keyboard. The 
 stage organ, as its name implies, is utilized for chorus purposes inopeias, 
 and for certain stage effect. The instrument, in all its parts, is a model of 
 moderniugenuity, combining all the latest inventions. It is the intention of 
 the management to give recitals from time to time, consisting of popular 
 music, for which popular prices will be charged. 
 
 The equipment of the stage is the most complete of any in this or foreign 
 countries. It is modeled after the famous one of Bud a Pesth in Hungary, but 
 has the advantage of improvement effected in the past five years — mechani- 
 cal, electricaland hydraulic. The depth from footlights to the rear wall is 
 sixty-nine feet; the clear width from wall to wall is ninety-eight feet, giving 
 the total available stage room of 6,862 square feet, an extent equal to the 
 demands of the most sumptuous productions. 
 
 The floor is entirely level in accordance with the last ideas. From the 
 stage to the cellar floor is a depth of 18 feet, but there is an intermediate floor 
 for working purposes. The rigging loft is 90 feet above the stage floor, the 
 entire framework from top to bottom, including the rigging loft, paint 
 bridges, fly galleries, etc., is of iron and steel. All the pulleys, sheaves and 
 their bearings are of iron, and the cables by which the drops and boi der light 
 are suspended are of steel, flexible and durable. In the stage floor are four 
 bridges, four traps, four small bridges and three small traps, so disposed that 
 the stage can be formed into any shape required for spectacular purpose. 
 The immense weights of iron and stage floor are lifted and lowered by 
 hydraulic machinery located beneath. The system is most complete, *nd 
 yet so simple that the mere movement of a lever can control all its parts. 
 The water-power is obtained from an immense tank set in the tower 180 feet 
 above the street, and two force pumps with a capacity of 400 gallons per min- 
 ute maintain the pressure. A unique feature is the "horizon," a panoramic 
 device moving on a semi-circular iron frame around the three sides of the 
 stage. Its purpose is to do away with the old time "Sky borders" which 
 have long sincegrown next to useless, though still found in all other theatres 
 of America. This "Horizon" is painted to depict all phases of the sky, 
 clouds and clearness, and the effect of light thrown on it from the sides give 
 all the necessary effect of movement, lightning, sunset, etc. The property 
 room lies above the parquet and is a capacious compartment for the purpose 
 of manufacturing and storing all the manifold furnishings required for every 
 conceivable production. The accessories of the stage are in thorough keeping 
 with its principal features. 
 
120 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 The dressing-rooms are large and splendidly furnished with every neces- 
 sary convenience for artists. The electric apparatus is a wonder of complexity 
 and ingenuity and the arrangement for the disposal and hanging of scene 
 drops are of the latest and most approved device. To sum up, it may truly be 
 said that the stage marks the beginning of a new era in theatrical produc- 
 tions in this country. 
 
 The credit for the conception of thissplendid structureis dueto Mr. Ferd. 
 W. Peck. It was his unflagging energy, generous and optimistic nature and 
 personal influence that carried the great project to completion. When others 
 saw disaster, he inspired hope . The result has demonstrated his wisdom and 
 foresight. Chicago has amply shown its appreciation of his successful effort 
 and the world at large has looked on and applauded. [See Auditorium.] 
 
 Battle of Gettysburg Panorama. — Located at the corner of Wabash ave. 
 and Panorama pi. Take Wabash ave. cable line. This magnificent cyclo- 
 rama has been one of the leading attractions of Chicago for several years, 
 and hundreds of thousands of people have seen and admired it. The build- 
 ing in which the painting is exhibited is similar to those in the leading conti- 
 nental cities of Europe. Open day and evening. Admission, 50 cents ; 
 children, half-price. 
 
 Central Music Hall. — The Central Music Hall Block was erected in 1879 
 by a stock company, its list of stockholders comprising many of the wealth- 
 iest and best known citizens of Chicago. Its object was " to promote relig- 
 ious, educational and musical purposes, the culture of the arts, and to provide 
 for public amusements and entertainments." The leader in this then novel 
 enterprise was its first manager, the late George B. Carpenter, whose rare 
 ta^te and judgment, as well as his experience and success as a manager, well 
 qualified him for the task to which he devoted so much time and thought. 
 The architect chosen to embody these ideas in plans for the building was Mr. 
 D. Adler, senior member of the present firm of Adler & Sullivan, and so 
 admirably adapted was the construction of the building for the purposes of 
 its erection, it immediately became widely known for its high standard of 
 excellence, and has maintained its popular favor. It has a frontage of 125 
 feet on State street and 150 feet on Randolph street, its central location ren- 
 dering it easily accessible from all parts of the city. It is built of grey cut 
 stone, has a wide and massive entrance of white marble, is six stories in 
 height, and contains, besides the large auditorium from which the building 
 derives its name, a small recital hall, known as Apollo Hall, twelve stores, 
 seventy offices, and a perfectly appointed photograph studio. 
 
 The Apollo HrII, which has for years be^n the rehearsal home of the 
 Apollo Club, occupies with its parlor and dressing rooms considerable por- 
 tion of the sixth story, and has recently been remodeled, redecorated and 
 refurnished, making it the most attractive small hall in the city. The 
 arrangements of these rooms reuders them very desirable and in demand for 
 select drawing-room entertainments, literary, n Uf-ical and dramatic. The 
 Central Music Hull has a seating capacity of 2,000, and is the cosiest, most 
 comfortable hall in the country. Much space is given to foyer and aisles, 
 and to ample facilities for entrances and exits. It is tastefully decorated and 
 f urnished, and its acoustic properties have been pronounced perfect by the 
 great lyric artists, and the speakers who have, from time to time, appeared 
 upon its stage. The graceful curve of the galleries is a feature of the house, 
 and no seat is undesirable by reason of its imperfect view of the stage, or ilis- 
 
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 
 THE GERMANIA THEATRE, RANDOLPH NEAR CLARK ST. 
 
 LSee " Amusements."] 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 121 
 
 tance from it. As originally intended, the hall is occupied on Sunday morn- 
 ings by the Central Church congregation, presided over by Prof. Swing, and 
 for the purpose of religious services there is provided a magnificent organ, 
 built expressly for the hall by the well known, organ builders, Wm. A. 
 Johnson &Son 
 
 The commercial part of the building is always rented to its full capacity 
 to a high class of tenants, and yields a handsome revenue to the stockholders. 
 The present officers of the company are Mr. John M. Clark, president; Mr. 
 Martin A. Ryerson, vice-president, and Miss Emma S. Blood, secretary and 
 business manager. The Board of Directors includes N. K. Fairbank, Martin 
 A. Ryerson, R. T. Crane, J. Russell Jones, H. M. Singer, John M. Clark, D. 
 Adler, Eugene Cary, and Henry Dibblee. 
 
 Chicago Opera House. — Located in the Chicago Opera House building, 
 a magnificent structure, southwest corner of Clark and Washington streets, 
 opposite the Court-house; close to the principal hotels and convenient to 
 railroad depots and street car terminals. J. W. Norton & Co., proprietors; 
 David Henderson, manager. The theatre was built for Mr. Henderson, and 
 arranged with the idea in mind of the subsequent production upon a basis 
 never before seen in this country of spectacular extravaganza. For five years 
 Mr. Henderson has each season given to Chicago a production of musical 
 burlesque, on a scale beside which everything else in that line ever attempted 
 in America shrinks to pigmy proportions. The first was the "Arabian 
 Nights;" the second the unparalleled "Crystal Slipper;" the third a gor- 
 geously environed version of " Bluebeard Junior ;" the fourth, a reproduc- 
 tion of the " Slipper," with added novelties and beauties ; and fifth and Jast, 
 the success of all successes, " Sinbad." For the summer of 1892 Mr. Hen- 
 derson has been making more elaborate preparations than ever before, and 
 work is very well along upon a stupendous production, which will eclipse in 
 beauty even the dazzling successes which have made the Chicago Opera 
 House and the American Extravaganza Company world famous. About 
 twenty-six weeks of the season are usually devoted at the Opera House to 
 musical extravaganza of Mr. Henderson's own production, and during the 
 remaining twenty-six the highest class combinations and the greatest stars in 
 the realms of tragedy, comedy, the drama and opera are to be seen and 
 heard at the Chicago Opera House. The Opera House is essentially the 
 representative theatre of Chicago, and a visitor there is always assured 
 of high class entertainment. The prices range from fifty cents to one 
 dollar and a half, according to location, and the boxes are ten, twelve 
 and fourteen dollars on the lower floor, and eight and ten dollars in the 
 upper tier. The theatre has a seating capacity of about 2,300. The 
 proscenium opening is thirty-six feet wide, and the height from 
 stage to " gridiron " is seventy feet, making it one of the finest stages in the 
 country for plays requiring machinery to produce spectacular effects. The 
 main floor of the auditorium is constructed of fire-brick or tiling, supported 
 upon arches covered with a solid bed of cement; all the galleries and boxes 
 are constructed of iron and steel, and there is scarcely a piece of wood to be 
 
122 GUIDE TO CHCAGO. 
 
 found in the entire interior. The dressing-rooms are below, and are large 
 and comfortable. There are fourteen exits distributed over the house. The 
 house is illuminated by electriciiy exclusively. Admission prices, 50c, 75c, 
 $1.00 and $1.50, according to location. Boxes, $10, $12 and $15. 
 
 Columbia Theatre. — Located at the south side of Monroe, between Clark 
 and Dearborn sts., close to all the leading hotels and convenient 
 to railroad depots and street car terminals. Proprietors, Al. Hayman 
 and WillJ. Davis; acting manager, Alf. Hayman. This theatre is the pre- 
 decessor of "Haverly's," successor of the "Adelphi," which occupied the old 
 post-office building on Monroe and Dearborn sts., the present site of the First 
 National bank building. Haverly opened the new theatre, giving it bis name, 
 on September 12, 1882, with Robson and Crane in "Twelfth Night." Business 
 reverses having compelled Haverly to retire from the management, a new 
 company was formed, and the theatre was re-christened the "Columbia,'" by 
 Miss Ellen Terry, during an engagement of Henry Irving, in 1885. Since 
 then various managements have had the house in charge, but all have failed, 
 with the exception of the present one, to secure for it a sufficiently steady 
 patronage to make the theatre a profitable one Since Messrs. Hayman and 
 Davissecured alease, however, the Columbia has grown inpopularity, and the 
 patronage of the theatre now is equal to that of any in the city. The very 
 best attractions are to be found here, and the scenic and other stage appoint- 
 ments are always commensurate to the high character of the productions. The 
 interior of the Columbia is beautful, the decorations being at once rich and 
 pleasirjg. The house is practically fire-proof, but numerous exits are pro- 
 vided so that the theatra may be emptied in a few minutes in case of a panic 
 arising from any cause. The house is illuminated by electricity. Dimen- 
 sions: The building is 70 by 190 feet, sixstoriesin height; stage 70 by 54 feet; 
 proscenium opening 34 feet wide ; seating capacity, 2,400. The house is lit by 
 electricity. Admission, 25 cts., 50 cts., 75 cts., $1.00 and $1.50, according to 
 location. Boxes, $10, $12 and $15. 
 
 Casino. — Located on Wabash avenue, near Adams street. This is con- 
 ducted after the manner of the Berlin Panopticon, and is principally an 
 exhibition of wax works. Delightful place to spend an hour. There is a 
 stage performance every afternoon and evening. Lyman B. Glover, business 
 manager. Admission to all parts of the house 25 and 50 cents ; children 25 
 cents. 
 
 Chickering Music Hall. — Formerly Weber Music Hall. Located on 
 Wabash Ave. and Adams street. Chickering, Chase Bros. Co., managers. 
 Seating capacity, four hundred ; stage, 28x20 ; no scenery. Frequent high 
 class concerts are given during the season. 
 
 Criterion Theatre. — Located on Sedgwick and Division streets, North 
 Side, C. S. Engle, lessee ; Alf. Johnson, business manager. Seating capacity, 
 1,800. Conducted as a theatre of the light comedy and burlesque character. 
 Has a large neighborhood patronage. 
 
 Epstean's New Dime Museum. — Located on the north side of Randolph 
 St., near Clark st. Louis Epstean, proprietor. A first-class museum of the 
 kind, containing numerous curiosities, novelties in the way of human and 
 animal natural freaks, wax works, electric contrivances, etc. Very amusing 
 to children. Admission, 10 cents. 
 
 Freiberg's Opera House. — Located at 180 and 182 Twenty-second street, 
 between State street and Wabash avenue. Not regularly open. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 123 
 
 German Theatre. — The new German theatre, located on the north side of 
 Randolph, between Dearborn and Clark streets, near the Court House, will 
 be dedicated and opened to the public before the close of the year. It is one 
 of tiie most palatial among the great structures that have recently been 
 erected in Chicago. It will probably be coducted as a high-class German 
 dramatic temple, but there are rumors that a well-known manager has 
 secured an option on the lien. If he should obtain control, spectacular 
 dramas will be produced. The theatre will be provided with a stage with 
 capacity and equipments to meet the demand of the most extravagant stage 
 managers and scenic artists. The main entrance from the street is in the cen- 
 ter of the structure, and has a width of 32 feet. This, of course, leads to the 
 auditorium of the theatre. The floors and wainscoting are mosaic and marble. 
 From the loggia one passes through two vestibules before reaching the foyer. 
 The ticket office is located in the inner vestibule. From this vestibule four 
 elevators are accessible. These are principally for the service of thehoteland 
 club ro ^m part of the establishment. From the foyer visitors reach the main 
 body of t be bouse by means of marble stairs eight feet wide. These stairs 
 continue upward till the floor of the balcony is reached, whence tunnels or 
 shafts lead through to the seats as at the Auditorium, then on to the top of 
 the ba'cony and again still higher to the gallery. The dimensions of the 
 auditorium, including the foyer, are 60 by 90 feet. It has a seating capacity 
 of 1,300 in round numbers. One balcony and one gallery besides the main 
 floor comprise the seating department. Six boxes at the proscenium arch are 
 on a level with the parquet. There are three on each side. The proscenium 
 arch is 29 feet wide and 30 feet high. The stage itself occupies an area 40 by 
 80 feet, with ample dressing room accommodations both above and below. 
 Corridors at each side of the auditorium lead back to the alley at the rear of 
 the buildiag, and can be utilized as exits whenever the necessity arises. The 
 interior decoration; of the auditorium are of ornamental stucco, and &11 
 the stairs are marble. Immediately over the auditorium and stage enormous 
 steel trusses, two stories in height, and with a clear space of 60 feet 4 inches, 
 furnish support for seven stories of hotel rooms and store rooms. The bal- 
 cony and gallery are supported by steel girders extending across the building 
 from wall to wall. Thus no unsightly columns and suspension rods appear 
 in the auditorium, as in most theatres, to obstruct the view of playgoers 
 
 The plans for the hotel part provide for 131 bed-rooms. Then there are 
 thirty-eight bath-rooms, so arranged that they can be used privately in con- 
 nection with the bed-rooms, or semi-publicly, by throwing them open to the 
 corridors. The diniug-room, kitchen and working department, important 
 features of a hotel, are in the ninth story. The dimensions of the dining- 
 room are 40 by 76 feet. The hotel office is on the ground floor to the west 
 of the main entrance, and can be entered by means of an entrance of it s own. 
 The parlors are on the entresol floor. The hotel extends to the top of the 
 tower. 
 
 Grand Opera House. — Centrally located on the east side of Clark, between 
 Randolph and Washington sts., oposite the Court House, close to all the 
 leading hotels and convenient to railroad depots and street-car terminals. 
 Harry L. Hamlin, manager. 
 
 This popular place of amusement is one of the leading first-class theatres 
 of Chicago and the West. During the summer of 1891 the interior was 
 entirely remodeled and reconstructed in accordance with the latest and most 
 
124 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 advanced ideas of theatrical architecture. In consequence of these changes it 
 ranks as one of the handsomest and most comfortable theatres in America. 
 The shape of the auditorium is so a/lmirable, and the acoustic properties so 
 perfect, that there is actually not one undesirable seat in the house. The 
 appointments and furnishings are most luxurious and elegant; in this respect 
 it gives one the impression of a modern drawing-room, rather than the ordi- 
 nary place of amusement. The chairs are of the latest pattern, wide and 
 roomy, cushioned in seat, back and arm, and covered entirely with hand- 
 some plush. The aisles are wide, and lead directly to ample exits; there is 
 unusual space between the rows of seats, a point of great importance when 
 the comfort of an audience is considered. The carpets and draperies are of 
 the very finest quality procurable, and these, together with the chairs and 
 wall decorations, are in 'the softest and most harmonious colors. The drop 
 curtain is a work of art, painted by the celebrated artist, Walter Burridge. 
 The stage is large, and is fitted with the most approved appliances. Both 
 auditorium and stage are lighted by incandescent electric lamps. Owing to 
 its admirable shape and cozy decorations, the Grand is apparently of mod- 
 erate size, but in reality it is a large theatre, its seating capacity being 
 exceeded by that of only one Chicago theatre. There are eight handsome 
 proscenium boxes. The attractions presented at the Grand are uniformly 
 first class and of a high order of excellence. It is especially adapted to 
 comedy, light opera and drama of the modern school. The care taken by the 
 management to rigorously exclude anything in the slightest degree objec- 
 tionable has contributed largely to making the Grand Opera House a favorite 
 family resort. Visitors will find it a pleasant house in summer, the ventila- 
 tion being perfect. The regular prices range from 25 cents to $1.50; boxes, 
 $8 and $12; general admission, 50 cents. 
 
 Halsted Street Opera House.— -Located at the corner of Halsted and Harri- 
 son streets. Take South Halsted or Blue Island avenue car. This theatre is 
 generally occupied by a stock company in sensational drama. 
 
 Havlin's Theatre—Located on the west side of Wabash avenue, between 
 Eighteenth and Twentieth streets. John A. Havlin, lessee; J. S. Hutton, 
 manager. This was originally Baker's Theatre. It is a popular resort and 
 deservedly so. The theatre building is quite an ornament to the section of 
 the city in which it is located; and the theatre is conducted as a high-class 
 place of amusement. Seating capacity, 2,000; stage 50x65; proscenium 
 opening 36, to loft 67. The building is fire-proof and was constructed at a 
 cost of $300,000. 
 
 HaymarTcet Theatre. — Located on the north side of West Madison street, 
 between Halsted and Union streets, West Side. Take West Madison street 
 cable line. Will J. Davis, manager. This is one of the newest and one of 
 the handsomest and largest houses in the city. Its seating capacity is 2,475; 
 stage, 48 by 90 feet. Since its opening, in 1889, it has been recognized as a 
 first class place of amusement and has attracted a large proportion of the 
 better class of West Side theatre-goers, who formerly patronized South Side 
 houses. Its interior is modern and beautiful in design and finish. The audi- 
 torium is so arranged that there is a perfect and unobstructed view of the 
 staire from every seat. Its manager. Mr. Davis, has, during his lifetime 
 almost, catered to the amusement-seeking people of Chicago; has won their 
 confidence by keeping all houses entrusted to his care on a high plane, and 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 125 
 
 has achieved a phenvrienal popularity for " The Haymarket." The theatre 
 is constantly presenting attractions of a meritorious and a liiecli order. 
 Admission, 15, 25, 50, 75 cents and $1; Davis' Turkish chairs, $1.50; boxes, 
 $5 to $10. 
 
 Hooley's Theatre. — Located on the north side of Randolph, between 
 LaSalle and Clark streets, opposite the Court House; close to the leading 
 hotels and convenient, to railroad depots and street car terminals. Richard 
 M. Hooley, proprietor; Harry Powers, business manager. Hooley's, before 
 ilie great hie of 1871, occupied the present site of the Grand Opera House. 
 Originally it was " Bryan's Hall," built in lb60, and optneu by tiie Hans 
 Balatka Orchestra, lu the fall of 1870 the theatre passed into the hands of 
 li. M. Hooley. It was opened January 2, 1871, by this veteran manager, 
 with " Hooley's Minstrels" as the attraction. Negro minstrelsy was men 
 in its glory, and Hooley's was one of the best troupes in existence at the 
 time. Giacometti's tragedy was on the bill as the attraction for the week 
 beginning October 9, 1871, but before the sun had arisen on the morning of 
 tnat day Hooley's theatre was a blackened ruin in the midst of a wilderness 
 of ruins. On October 17, 1872, the present theatre was opened by the 
 Abbott-Kiralfy Company in the "Black Crook." Once, for only a brief 
 period, however, Mr. Hooley's name disappeared from connection with this 
 theatre. The ephemeral Haverly secured a lease of it in some manner for 
 one season, and gave it his name, as he did to everything he touched. Mr. 
 Hooley, upon regaining possession, remodeled and refitted the theatre, and 
 twice since that time it has undergone almost a complete transformation. 
 It is generally known as "Hooley's Parlor Home of Comedy," and the title 
 conveys a proper idea of the popular family resort. The seating capacity of 
 the theatre is 1,506; the stage is 42x62; proscenium opening, 33x34; 
 height to " gridiron," 62 feet. The theatre is also supplied with the latest 
 patent smoke and fire escape and ventilator. The auditorium is furnished 
 with "Hooley's Opera Chair, "and lighted throughout by the latest incandes- 
 cent electric system. Hooley's theatre has the reputation among theatrical 
 managers as being the most successful and popular in the United States. The 
 gross receipts for the season of 1890-91 amounted to $346,858 for a period of 
 52 weeks. The average weekly receipts for the regular theatre term — Sep- 
 tember 1 to June 30 of the same season — exceeded $7,000. Hooley's theatre 
 has been selected by Mr. Augustin Daly, Mr. Daniel Frohman and Mr. A. M. 
 Palmer for the engagements each year of their celebrated companies; also by 
 Mr. and Mrs. Kecdal, Mr. E. S. Willard, and the great French comedian, M. 
 Coquelin. 
 
 H. R. Jacobs' Academy.— Located on the west side of South Halsted, near 
 West Madison street. Take Madison street cable line. H. R. Jacobs, mana- 
 ger. This place of amusement was first popularized under the management 
 of the late William Emmett, who dragged it out of obscurity, almost, and 
 made it one of the most profitable theatrical houses in Chicago. It was then 
 known simply as the Academy of Music. Upon Emmett's retirement it fell 
 into the hands of Daniel Shelby, and was known as " Shelby's Academy of 
 Music." Outside ventures, as in Emmett's case, compelled Shelby to retire, 
 and Mr. Jacobs secured the management. It is conducted as a comedy and 
 high-class vaudeville theatre. The interior is one of the finest in the city, the 
 furnishings being beautiful. It was twice destroyed by fire, and twice com- 
 pletely remodeled . The theatre seats 1 , 800. 
 
126 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 H. R. Jacobs Glark Street Theatre. — Located on the east side of North 
 Clark St., near the bridge. Formerly McCormick's hall, later the Casino. Has 
 been remodeled and refitted in a first-class manner. H. R. Jacobs, lessee; 
 Joseph A. Chenet, manager. A popular light comedy and vaudeville 
 theatre. 
 
 Standard Theatre. — Located at the corner of Halsted and Jackson streets, 
 West Side. Take South Halsted or Van Bui en street cars. Jacob Litt, lessee 
 and manager. Seating capacity, 2,200; stage, 60x40 feet; proscenium open- 
 ing, 32 feet; height to " gridiron," 20 feet. The theatre was erected in 1883. 
 Light comedy and burlesque are produced here generally. Admission from 
 10 cents to $1, according to location of seats. 
 
 Kohl & Middleton's South Side Muse a m— Located at 146, 148,150 and 
 152 South Clark st., near Madison. Kohl <te Middleton, proprietors. 'Ihis 
 is what is popularly known as a dime museum. Stage performances are given 
 almost hourly through the day. A visit to the place will reveal a curious 
 collection of freaks, etc. Admission, 10 cents. 
 
 Kohl & Middleton's West Side Museum. — Located on W. Madison street, 
 opposite Union street, West Side. Conducted on the same general plan as 
 South Side museum of the same name. Open day and evening. Admission, 
 10 cents. 
 
 Libby Prison Museum — Located on Wabash avenue, between Fourteenth 
 and Sixteenth streets. One of the principal permanent attractions of the 
 city. The original Libby prison (transported trom Richmond, Va., and put 
 up ; brick after brick, just as it stood during the War of the Rebellion, when 
 used as a prison for Union soldiers) is enclosed within massive walls, built 
 after the manner of the middle ages (see illustration). Among the attractions 
 offered in Libby Prison are the following: Portraits in oil of all the leading 
 Northern and Southern generals and statesmen; all kinds of firearms used in 
 America, from colonial times to the present period; the finest collection of 
 shot and shell used in American warfare; the original first dispatches of war 
 from Generals McClellan, Grant, Hooker, Sherman, etc.; the original accept- 
 ance of the command of the Confederate Army by Generals Lee and Stone- 
 wall Jackson; original portraits of Abraham Lincoln and Mrs. Lincoln, with 
 relics and mementos; the stove, goose and shears used by Andrew Johnson 
 when working as a tailor in Tennessee; the original will made by John 
 Brown an hour before his execution; the very rare curiosity of two bullets 
 that met in mid-air in battle at Petersburg!); the finest collection of historic 
 chairs in America; the original photographs of scenes in Sherman's March 
 from Atlanta to the Sea; the original commission of Jeff. Davis to Congress 
 in 1845; also his commission in the war with Mexico; the wheel of Commo- 
 dore Perry's flag-ship, " Powhatan." that opened the ports of Japan to the 
 world; the original Arctic clothing used in the Greely relief expedition. 
 Admission, 50 cents; children, half-price; open day and evening. 
 
 Lyceum Theatre — Located on Desplaines st., between Madison and Wash- 
 ington sts. T. L. Grenier, proprietor. A variety theatre. 
 
 Madison Street Theatre. — Located on the north side of Madison street, 
 opposite McVicker's theatre. S. G. Jack, manager. Seating capacity, 1,400; 
 stage, 22x68; proscenium opening, 37; height to gridiron, 13; to loft, 19. 
 Open the year around; two performances daily. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 127 
 
 McVicker's Theatre.— Madison street, between State and Dearborn streets. 
 The McVicker Theatre Co., proprietor; J. H. McVicker, president and man- 
 ager; L. L. Sharpe, assistant manager and secretary; H. G-. Sommers, treasu- 
 rer. McVicker's theatre is considered the handsomest and most complete 
 theatre in the United States. It was originally opened November 5, 1857, 
 Mr. J. H. McVicker taking the part of " Cousin Joe" in the initial perform- 
 ance. The theatre was rebuilt in 1871 and opened in August, only to be 
 burned to the ground by that memorable conflagration of October 5, 1871. 
 Nothing dauuted, Mr. McVicker again reconstructed his theatre, and it was 
 open for the third time August 15, 1873. Mr. McVicker, always looking to 
 advance the interest of his art, and having the welfare and the comfort of the 
 theatre-going public at heart, entirely remodeled the theatre, putting in all the 
 modern conveniences and improvements; and on July 1, 1885, tbe fourth new 
 McVicker theatre was thrown open to tbe public, and they united wilh the 
 press in proclaiming it the handsomest and safest theatre building in the 
 United States. It is open on all sides. It has twenty-one exits. It has more 
 aisles than any other theatre, and each leads to a door. It is simply a model 
 theatre. On the morning of August 26, 1890, it was destroyed by fire. Mr. 
 McVicker was away from the city at the time, but immediately on his return 
 preparations were commenced for rebuilding, and on March 30, 1891, the 
 handsomest theatre in the United States was opened for inspection. There 
 are two historic features in the theatre which alone are worth the price of 
 admission. They are bas reliefs, one representing the "Massacre of Fort 
 Dearborn ;" the other, " La Salle Discovery of Illinois." These were fur- 
 nished by Johannes Gelert, the sculptor, and are considered among his best 
 works. McVicker Theatre is now in its thirty-fifth year, and is probably the 
 widest known playhouse in America. It always has the best, class of enter 
 tainments, and one will surely find amusement there. 
 
 New Windsor Theatre. — Located at North Clark and Division streets. 
 Take North Clark street cable line. M. B. Leavitt, proprietor; Ben Leavitt, 
 manager. Seating capacity, two thousand. Stage, 49x70 feet ; proscenium 
 opening, forty-three feet; height to gridiron, twenty two feet; the loft, 65 feet. 
 This is a beautiful little theatre, is conducted in a first-class manner and is very 
 popular with North Side residents. 
 
 Park Theatre. — Located on State, between Congress and Harrison sts. 
 J. D. Long, proprietor and manager. This is a strictly variety theatre. 
 S a ating capacity, 1,500; stage, 85 by 40. 
 
 Peoples iheatre. — Located on the cast side of State street on Congress and 
 Harrison streets. Jo. Baylies, lessee and manager. Conducted as a combina- 
 tion theatre. 
 
 Timmerman Opera House.— Located at the corner of Sixty-third street 
 and Stewart ave. Take train at Van Buren st. depot, Van Buren and Sher- 
 man sts., or Slate st. cable line to Englewood. H. B. Thearie, manager; 
 Harry M. Heneford, acting manager. The building in which the theatre is 
 located is the most imposing one in Englewood. It is named after its pro- 
 jector, Ben Timmerman, and its cost was $100,000. The building is finished 
 in red brick, terra cotta and stone trimmings, and is exceedingly^pleasing in 
 architectural design. There are large bay-windows on the Sixty-third street 
 front and handsome iron balconies on the Stewart avenue side. The audi- 
 torium is on the ground floor, and in beauty and richness of furnishings and. 
 
128 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 decorations is equal to any theatre in the city. Silk, velvet and plus-h drpp- 
 eries in harmonious shades add to the elegance of the luxurious interior. 
 The aisles are wide and the seat rows are arranged with sufficient width 
 between to insure the comfort of auditors. Twelve hundred persons may 
 find seats — the first-floor and balcony being provided with opera chairs — and 
 several hundred others may see the stage from " standing room, "should they 
 so elect. The house is lighted by incandescent electric lights and is heated 
 by steam, a late device in ventilation being employed. The precautions 
 against danger from fire are most complete. The theatre is open on four 
 sides, and in addition to this there are seven exits from the main floor, six 
 from the balcony and three from the gallery. It is calculated that when the 
 house is crowded the audience may disperse in one and one-half minutes. 
 The stage is forty-nine feet wide and thirty-four feet deep, while the height 
 to the rigging loft is ninety feet. A complete and modern stage equipment 
 has been given the stage, and the most pretentious productions may be per- 
 fectly presented on its boards. The drop curtain, the work of a local artist, 
 presents a handsome marine view. 
 
 Waverly Theatre. — Located on W. Madison street, between Throop and 
 Loomis streets, West Side. Take W. Madison street cable. Seating capacity, 
 1,400; stage, 40x60. A comedy and vaudeville theatre. 
 
 Other Places of Amusement. — In addition to the places mentioned above, 
 there are innumerable concerts, lectures, etc., in the various halls of the city, 
 nightly. There are also winter and summer permanent circuses, mechanical 
 riding schools, "merry-go-'rounds," picture galleries, etc., open daily and 
 evening. There are also club balls, mask balls and numerous entertainments 
 advertised in the daily papers. See daily papers, also, for excursions by 
 land atd water. Concert Halls of varying degrees of respectability are open 
 in all parts of the city ; but the visitor will have to be guided by his own dis- 
 cretion regarding these and other places of amusement not mentioned above. 
 
 ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 The traveled stranger, to whom the great cities of the world are familiar, 
 however he may become impressed with the manners and customs of our peo- 
 ple, or with their methods of doing business, and however loath he may be to 
 admit the justice of our claims to pre-eminence in other respects, must acknowl- 
 edge that this is the best built city in the universe to-day. For nearly twenty 
 years, or since the great fire of 1871 swept over the business center of the 
 city, and laid it in ruins, architecture in Chicago has been steadily marching 
 forward, until we are enabled in 1891 to point out some of the grandest 
 achievements of the art to be found on the face of the earth. 
 
 Character of Chicago Buildings.— The character of the great buildings 
 erected during recent years in Chicago demonstrates that architects have 
 risen to the plane of the highest constructive knowledge in structures. It is 
 not enough to use a material guaranteed by the maker, but Chicago's archi- 
 tects themselves now employ engineers for the special purpose of examining 
 and testing each and every piece and passing their individual opinion upon it 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 129 
 
 in a written report, and only such as is accepted by these engineers is used in 
 the buildings. So essential and necessary is this department of architectural 
 engineering considered, that specialists are sent to the mills which furnish 
 the iron and steel structural shapes and beams for buildings, and the metal is 
 not only tested in the ingot, but the strength of resistance is ascertained for 
 every finished beam. The result of all this gives to Chicago buildings which 
 are not only theoretically safe, but known to absolute certainty to be safe 
 down to the last cubic foot of masonry and the last cubic inch of steel. In 
 this respect Chicago is unique, and it is a common remark in Eastern and 
 foreign cities, among those actively engaged in building, that Chicagoto day 
 erects the best-built structures ever known, and with the notable distinction 
 that she does it with the closest economy in material and time. That is to 
 say, that it is a fact that in Chicago buildings the quality is better, the dis- 
 tribution of material is more skillful and the buildings are naturally more 
 reliable. The buildings have all been constructed fire-proof to a degree sur- 
 passing those erected under old methods. Not only are steel and iron used 
 for supports for girders and for joists, but they are coveredwith fire clay, 
 which is so disposed that air chambers are left next to the iron or steel in 
 every case, making it impossible for the metal to be overheated, even by the 
 hottest fires. 
 
 Method of Construction. — While many of the largest and handsomest of 
 Chicago's buildings are built solidly of stone, a new system has found much 
 favor here, and is being generally followed now in the construction of the 
 mammoth buildings known as "Sky Scrapers," which has given Chicago a 
 new celebrity. This is known as the steel-frame system, the structure proper 
 being erected from the foundation entirely independent of the walls, which 
 consist of a mask of terra cotta or other material not intended to serve as a 
 support for the edifice in any way. The floors consist of steel beams with 
 arched terra cotta tile-work filled in between them, and covered either with 
 the usual floor boards, or with ornamental tiles, or mosaic work. The par- 
 titions are built of hollow terra cotta tiles. As little wood as possible is used, 
 so that these tall structures are as nearly fire-proof as Ihey can be made. 
 Owing to the character of the ground on which Chicago is built, the con- 
 struction of the foundations of large buildings is a much more serious 
 problem than in most large cities. Water is encountered at a very slight 
 depth below the surface of the ground. Piling was at first used, but experi- 
 ence demonstrated that it did not form a satisfactory foundation. The 
 method now employed is the formation of a solid substructure of steel beams 
 or rails and concrete. The steel pieces laid crosswise are of a length pro- 
 portioned to the weight they will have to sustain, and are imbedded in con- 
 crete. Other beams or rails are then laid lengthwise, with concrete filled in, 
 and thus several layers are placed in position until the foundation is com- 
 pleted. Hundreds of tons of steel may thus be imbedded in Chicago earth 
 before the walls of a building are on a level with the surface. 
 
 Office Buildings. — Fifteen years ago there was no such thing as an office 
 building known in Chicago. The Howland Block, on the southwest corner of 
 Dearborn and Monroe streets; the Kentucky Block, on the northeast corner 
 of Clark and Adams streets, and the Ashland Block, on the northeast corner 
 of Clark and Randolph streets came nearer the requirements of office build- 
 ings than any in the city. Strictly, they were what insurance men would 
 have denominated omnibus blocks. To-day the office buildings of Chicago 
 
130 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 rise up in every direction. They do more than rise up. Tbcy tower, and 
 some of them seem to soar. And they are what their names indicate — office 
 buildings. The stranger in his travels about down-town is impressed with 
 the idea that the business of Chicago is done in offices. Think of only a few 
 of these office structures: The new Chamber of Commerce Building has 500 
 offices in its thirteen stories. Temple Court, at the corner of Quincy and 
 Dearborn streets, has 400 offices beneath its roof . The MOnon, two blocks 
 south, has 300 rooms in its thirteen stories. The Manhattan, an exclusive 
 office structure building, opposite the Monon, is sixteen stories hi^h and con- 
 tains 700 offices. The Rookery, with over 600 rooms, is a wilderness of 
 offices, one great pile of marble, andiron, and glass, and tiling. The Home 
 Iasurance Company Building, which, when completed a few years ago, was 
 looked upon as the ultima thule in office buildings, has had its dizzy heights 
 capped by two additional stories, so that the occupants of the top 3oor look 
 down upon those of the top floor of the Rookery. The Tacoma, that grace- 
 ful structure on the northeast corner of Madison and LaSalle streets, has 500 
 abodes on its many floors. Mailer's building, on the southwest corner of 
 LaSalle and Quincy streets; the Gaff and Counselman Buildings, and the 
 Royal Insurance Company's building adjoining, contain HO and 200 ard 300 
 and 400 offices. " Brother Jonathan" Building, on Sherman and Jackson 
 streets; the Rialto, which gives the Board of Trade a Venetian atmosphere, 
 and the Insurance Exchange, opposite the Rookery, are colonies within 
 themselves. 
 
 Some Notable Examples. — At the pro per time and in the proper place many 
 of the great structures of Chicago will be pointed out to the visitor and 
 described. Some of the great architectural monuments that shall demand 
 attention here are, the Board of Trade, the "Rookery," the Phoenix building, 
 the Counselman building, the Gaff building, the Insurance Exchange build- 
 ing, the Home Insurance building, the Calumet building, the Tacoma 
 building, the Chamber of Commerce blcig., the Manhattan bldg., the Temple, 
 the Ashland bldg., the new German Theatre, and the City Hall and Court 
 House ; all of which may be seen in a walk down La Salle street, from Ran- 
 dolph to Jackson street. Marshall Field & Co.'s retail store, the Palmer 
 House and the Leiter building, on State street. The Auditorium, Stude- 
 baker, Art Institute and Pullman buildings, on Michigan avenue. The im- 
 mense structures that are now rising, and have arisen like giants on South 
 Dearborn street during the past two years; the Rialto and surround- 
 ing structures on Van Buren street ; the Royal Insurance building on Jackson 
 street; the Rand &McNally, and the Marshall Field & Co.'s building on Adams 
 street ; the Grand Centralrailroad depot on Fifth ave.; the Herald budding 
 on Washington street, and the First Regiment Armory on Michigan boule- 
 vard. Besides these, the great Masonic Temple, the Temperance Temple, 
 and a score of other magnificent structures, now in course of erection, will 
 add to the amazement of the foreign or the American visitor, who has been 
 taught to look upon Chicago as a clumsily-built Western town. 
 
 Steel Construction. — Chicago is rapidly becoming a city of steel from the 
 enormous quantity of that material used in the great down-town buildings. 
 This extensive use of rolled steel for the skeletons of massive sky scrapers has 
 not only revolutionized the style of building, but it has as well created a new 
 industry. The Chicago Opera House was the first fire proof building in the 
 city in which this radical departure in building rules was made. The floor 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 131 
 
 beams were those first used of steel. The columns were of cast iron. Then 
 followed the Rookery, Counselman, Gaff and Boaid of Trade buildings, all 
 with steel beams and cast iron columns. But steel is gradually replacing 
 cast-iron for columns. The Rand-McNally building was the first in which 
 steel was used exclusively. But the Monadnock, Poutiac, Caxton, Kearsage, 
 Northern Hotel, Masonic and Temperance Temples, the new Athletic Club 
 building, the Ashland building, the Cook County Abstract building and the 
 Fair building, are all steel structures. The steel used besides the beams and 
 columns is found intheframesof bay windows, roof work, supports for roofs — 
 in fact, everything that assists in holding the weight of the building. The 
 foundations also are of steel. 
 
 Where the Steel Comes From. — This steel comes from various points. 
 Almost all the heavy steel rails used in foundations are made by the Illinois 
 Steel Company here in Chicago. These are the regular rails in use on rail- 
 ways. Rails are made to weigh from sixty to eighty pounds to the yard in 
 length. The seventy-five pound rails are the ones used in foundations. Those 
 foundations are laid deep of tiers of rails crossed, and are extended always 
 into the street or alley beyond the building line, the distance varying accord- 
 ing to the height and weight of the building. To illustrate: Under 
 the Fair building foundation rails reach out twelve feet under the street and 
 nine feet under the alley. 
 
 Of the steel beams 90 per cent, comes from Pittsburgh, from the mills of 
 Carnegie, Phipps & Co. and Jones & Laughlin. A heavy trade in beams is 
 also done in Pottsville, Pa.; Trenton, N. J.; and Phoenixville, Pa. Certain 
 sizes of steel beams are made by the Illinois Steel Company. 
 
 Cost of Steel Building. — Steel columns and beams are worth $75 
 a ton delivered in Chicago. The combination price of steel beams is $3.20 a 
 hundred pounds, without any fittings, Chicago delivery. Small materials in 
 steel for such as windows and roof work cost from 3 to 5 cent* a pound. The 
 price on steel varies but little, as the mills have an agreement and there are 
 but trifling deviations. As to relative cost of a steel-ribbed building to day 
 and one of the best styled structures, say, ten years ago, the modern one is 
 the more expensive, for labor is costlier now than then. What really gave 
 birth to this steel style of construction was the fact that none of the down- 
 town Chicagoans wanted to leave the center of the city. Land and space 
 grew more valuable and taller buildings became a necessity. The principal 
 advantage of steel ones and the old style of construction is that the builoing 
 can be made higher with safety. This style is lighter and stronger thun Jie 
 old method, too. 
 
 Steel is succeeding cast iron. This is largely due to the fact that there 
 is no practicable way of testing cast iron, while there is of steel. None of the 
 manufacturers have ever made a machine to test cast iron. Cast iron col- 
 umns are cast hollow while lying horizontally. The metal which is poured 
 in, by runuing round the core to the bottom first, may press the core upward, 
 so that on cooling the upper side of the column may be thinner than the 
 under side. Again, there may be air bubbles form between two currents 
 of molten metal. What inspection is made is to look for those two defects. 
 One method to determine the thickness is to bore small holes through the 
 column, but there is absolutely no way to discover those air bubbles. The 
 only other test is to set the column on end and bring an enormous hydraulic 
 pressure to bear on it. Cast iron columns are fastened together in the build- 
 
132 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 ing by bolts screwed on, while steel columns are riveted together in the build- 
 ing with redhot rivets. This makes the structure more solid. 
 
 Testing Steel Columns. — The manner of testing steel is thorough. 
 The steel used is me Bessemer, and is rolled between wheels under a tremen- 
 dous pressure. Air bubbles are pressed out. The columns are not round. 
 They are made in plate form and riveted. They can be seen on all sides so 
 as to determine their thickness. The inspection is elaborate. The inspec- 
 tors take a quantity of ore out of each " blow " and test it as to the quality of 
 the steel it will make. If it is not up to the requirements builders take no 
 steel made from that "blow." It is inspected and tested again when the steel 
 is made and again while it is being put together, and if found defective at 
 any point it is not used. Again, every piece of structural steel is numbered; 
 not only that, but the ore is designated that shall go into a certain piece of 
 steel. So thorough is this followed in detail and recorded that a builder by 
 referring to his office record can trace back the course of any piece of steel 
 in a building through the three stages of inspection, back to its original ore 
 shape. In case of an accident he could thus locate the responsibility. 
 
 Inspection op steel. — One of those inspections tests the breaking power 
 of the steel, and builders load a building above one-fifth of that breaking 
 power. In calculating so as to insure safety, they figure first on the straight 
 downward pressure, then on the resistance of the wind. Besides this, on the 
 tops of all tliese big office buildings are great water tanks to furnish water 
 to run elevators and for the bowls, as the city water pressure does not drive 
 water to the top of sky-scrapers. Those full tanks are of tremendous weight. 
 There must be extra support for their weight. Then the strain on an eleva- 
 tor is enormous at times. If filled with people, it is going down rapidly and 
 suddenly stops, the columns supporting that elevator must be extra strong 
 or something will bretk. There are dozens of things that must be allowed 
 for. It's a trade, a profession by itself, and there's plenty of room for think- 
 ing in it. Every precaution is taken to guard against accident and to assure 
 safety; that is to say, among those architects and builders of the city who 
 have devoted great time to this class of structures and whose names are 
 identified in the public mind with this Chicago style of architecture. 
 
 ART. 
 
 There are estimated to be in Chicago at least five hundred artists, who 
 are engaged exclusively in their calling, and who find a ready market for 
 their work, if it is meritorious in character. There are here a lar^e number 
 of gantleman of wealth who have devoted themselves for years past to fos- 
 tering the development of art in Chicago, and who have contributed largely 
 toward popularizing art exhibitions and art studies. During the fast few 
 years great progress has been made in the direction of building of private gal- 
 leries, and the walls of many of the residences of the city are now orna- 
 mented with some of the choicest productions of the studios of Europe and 
 America. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 133 
 
 Permanent Art Building. — Now in course of construction, on the Lake 
 Front, site of the old Inter-State Expositon buildiug, main entrance to face 
 Adams st. Within easy walking distance of all railroad depots, street car 
 terminals, hotels, etc., in the heart of the business center. This magnificent 
 structure takes the place of the present Art Institute, Michigan ave. and Van 
 Buren st., which passes into the possesion of the Chicago Club. The design 
 of the new institute was prepared by Architects Shepley, Rutan and Cool- 
 idge, and was subjected to changes at the hands of the Committee on Build- 
 ings. The structure has a frontage of 320 feet on Michigan ave.; the main 
 depth is 175 feet, with projections making an arc 208 feet in depth. The 
 plan is that of a parallelogram. It consists of two galleries, the first being 
 devoted to plasier casts, sculptures, busts, models, etc. ; the second to pictures, 
 being lighted by sky-lights from above. The main galleries are twenty-seven 
 feet wide and the second galleries twelve feet wide. The main staircase is 
 uirectly in front as the visitor enters. On one side is a lecture room capable 
 of seating 1,000 people, and on the other a library in which is kept the refer- 
 ence books pertaining to art. The plan of the picture galleries is similar to 
 that of the statuary halls below, except that most of the rooms are lighted by 
 skylights. The whole building is constructed of Bedford limestone, with 
 a base of granite extending to the water-table. The lower portion is rusti- 
 cated as far as the top of the first floor. Above this is a plain band of 
 chiseled stone, and surmounting this is panels filled with statuary. Sur- 
 mounting this is an entablature and cornice richly decorated,' the effect of 
 which is highly increased by the plain surface below. The idea of the exte- 
 rior is to the main masses plain and simple, grouping the richness in certain 
 places which are important in the design of the building. The roof is of 
 copper and glass and presents au ornate and artistic appearance. The entrance 
 hall is marble, and the principal feature is the grand staircase, which is in a 
 case fifty feet square. This is lighted by a large skylight overhead, and an 
 arcade is formed by arches on all four sides. The marble work of the 
 staircase is white, and the decoration is in keeping with it. The vestibule is 
 in marble and mosaic, and beyond this is the entrance hall, which is in mar- 
 ble, with mosaic floors and ceiling. The galleries lead out from this from 
 either side, and are entered through arched openings. The plans provided for the 
 use of hollow brick inner walls overlaid with one and one-half inch planks, cov- 
 ered with canvas, which allows heavy pictures to be screwed to the walls where 
 most convenient. The building is lighted by electricity, and all modern 
 improvements are used. It has been decided by the 'Art Institute Trustees not 
 to build' the grand staircase and central wing until after the close of the Fair. 
 The present staircase is a double one, eight feet wide, and will furnish ample 
 room. The building stands as far back from the Michigan avenue sidewalk 
 as it can be placed, and furnish room for a roadway between it and the 
 Illinois Central tracks. The entrance to the vestibule is through three arched 
 openings. The funds for the construction of the Art Palace were derived 
 from three sources. The Art Institute, by the sale of its old building to the 
 Chicago Club, realized $275,000, the World's Fair Directory contributed 
 $200,000, and Charles L. Hutchinson, President of the Art Institute, raised by- 
 private subscription $55,000. This makes a total of $530,000; but an addi- 
 tional $70,000 was raised, so that the total cost amounted to $600,000. 
 
 Art Institute of Chicago, Art Museum. — Located in the Art Institute 
 building, Michigan avenue and Van Buren street; incorporated May 24, 1879. 
 Officers — Charles L. Hutchinson, president; James H. DoIj, vice president; 
 
134 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Lyman J. Gage, treasurer, N". H. Carpenter, secretary. "W. M. R. French, 
 director. Executive Committee — Charles L. Hutchinson, A. A. Sprague, 
 James H. Dole. Charles D. Hamill, John C. Black, William T. Baker. 
 Trustees, 1890-91 — Charles L. Hutchinson, Samuel M. Nickerson, David 
 W. Irwin, Martin A. Ryerson, William T. Baker, Eliphalet W. Blatchford, 
 Nathaniel K. Fairbank, James H. Dole, Albert A. Sprague, John C. Black, 
 Adolphus C. Bartlett, J. J. Glessner, Charles D. Hamill, Edson Keith, Levi 
 Z. Leiter, Wirt D. Walker, Homer K Hibbard, Marshall Field, George N. 
 Culver, P. C. Handford. 
 
 The Art Institute building [see illustration] has been pronounced by crit- 
 ics the finest specimen of modern architecture in Chicago. It is built of 
 brown stone; has a beautiful facade, is splendidly located, lighted perfectly, 
 and, although not as massive in construction as some of its neighbors, is one of 
 the attractive edifices of the Lake Front. The Art Institute owes its origin 
 and prosperity to the disinterested and energetic services of a few Chicago 
 gentlemen, who have expended upon it not only a great deal of their private 
 means, but much of their time during the past ten years. During 1889 a 
 very handsome addition was made to the building, which led to some very 
 desirable changes in the interior arrangement. The portion of the Art Instil 
 tute formerly occupied by sky-lighted picture galleries, was carried up three 
 floors, thus raising all the galleries to the fourth floor, and two floors of the 
 same area as the former picture gallaries were added for exhibition or other 
 uses. These gallaries are six in number, of which five occupy a space of 170 
 by 27 feet; and the other a space of 40 by 50 feet. They accommodate about 
 550 pictures when closely hung, and the light and appointments are in every 
 way excellent. The Cast collection occupies the whole of the main floor and 
 one large room upon the second floor. The Library is accommodated in a 
 commodious room. The collection of Greek vases and antiquities occupies 
 one room and the metal collection and bronzes another. A jpaceonthe 
 third floor has been arranged for a lecture room. The building is provided 
 with two passenger elevators. The following societies are tenants of the 
 building: The Chicago Literary Club, The Fortnightly Club, The Chicago 
 Women's Club, The Chicago Society of Decorative Art, The Kindergarten 
 Training School. 
 
 There are now in the Art Institute thirteen pictures from the colled ion of 
 Prince Demidoff, together with one by Holbein from the May collec- 
 tion in Paris, which constitute a group of Old Dutch Masters of such 
 value and interest as perhaps has never before crossed the ocean. They are a 
 part of the permanent collection of the Art Institute, the purchasers relying 
 on the generosity of the friends of the Art Institute to pay for them and 
 present them to the museum. Some have already been so presented. Several 
 of these pictures, such as the examples of Ho'bbema and Van Ostade are 
 among the most important known works of the Masters, and all are important 
 pictures in perfect preservation. The Masters represented are Hobbema,Van 
 Ostade, Rembrandt, Franz Hals, Ruysdael, Van Mieris, Holbein, Teniers, 
 Van Dyck, Rubens, Jan Steen, Adr. Van de Velde, Terburg and Zeeman. 
 The presence of this group of pictures is sufficient to give our collection 
 good standing among American museums, and their acquisition is the most 
 important step of the year. 
 
TPIE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 135 
 
 As an evidence of the popularity of the Aft Institute among the people, 
 the following facts are given: During the year 1889-90 the building was 
 closed half the time on account of building operations. The aggregate 
 attendance of visitors to the museum during the six months was 66,927, and 
 the admission fees and catalogue sales amounted to $1,942.15; number of visit- 
 ors paid admission fees, 5,844; number on free days, 45,915; number admitted 
 free on membership tickets, other days, 12,667; number of visitors, students, 
 artists; etc., admitted free, on other days (estimated) 3,000; total admission, 
 66,926; average number of visitors on Saturdays, free all day, 6C9; average 
 number of visitors on Sundays, open 1 to 5, free, 855. The income from all 
 sources for the year was $44,624.71; current expenses, $43,850.60; cash 
 donations, $25,685.03. The whole income from all sources (aside from sums 
 which merely passed through the treasury) was $70,309.74. The original cost 
 of the land, with the building upon it, was $61,000; the amount expended 
 by the Art Institute in building since that time has aggregated $208,500. 
 The value of the collections now in the keeping of the institute, partly 
 the property of the Art Institute, but chiefly loans, considerably exceeds 
 $500,000. Large additions are being made annually to the collections in the 
 galleries and museum. The principal accessions of late have been: A collec- 
 tion of Greek vases and antique marbles, and other objects, the gift of Mr. 
 Philip D. Armour and Mr. Charles L. Hutchinson; a full set of chromo-litho- 
 graph reproductions of the old masters, published by the Arundel Society, 
 presented by Mr. Edward E. Ayer; a collection of works in metal, chiefly 
 electrotype reproductions, presented by Mr. Martin A. Ryerson and Mr. 
 Hutchinson; oil paintings, "The Shepherd's Star," by Jules Breton, pre- 
 sented by Mr. Philip D. Amour; " Marsh in the North of Holland," by 
 Eugene Jettel, presented by P. C. Hanford; *' The Close of Day," by Charles 
 H. Davis, purchased from the gift of the Opera Festival Association; Gobelin 
 Tapestry, presented by Mr. Charles J. Singer. The Cast collection has been 
 enriched by the fine collection of antique sculpture presented by the Inter- 
 State Industrial Exposition of Chicago, and the library has received the 
 splendid work upon the Basilica of St. Marks, presented by Mr. Franklin 
 MacVeagh and Mr. Hutchinson. 
 
 During Mr. Hutchinson's visit to Europe in 1890, he made numerous 
 purchases for the Art Institute. Among them are two fine examples of 
 carved ivory. One of these, a triptych, represents in high relief on the cen- 
 tral tablet the flight of the holy family into Egypt. The virgin, with the 
 child Jesus in her arms, is seated on an ass that is being led by an angel, who 
 is feeding the animal from an up-drawn fold of its robe. Joseph follows with 
 staff and water-bottle. Above this group are cherubs in the bough of a tree 
 handing down fruit to the babe in Mary's arms, who is stretching out his 
 arms to receive it. On each of the leaves of this triptych are two panels rep- 
 resenting saints, the crucifix, the lamb and other ecclesiastical symbols. The 
 other piece of ivory carving is a panel representing the crucifixion and is a 
 very high relief, the principal figures being almost in the round. Within a 
 space of five and one-half by four and one-half inches there are indicated 
 fourteen figures of people, three horses and a dog. Next in prominence to 
 the figures on the three crosses are two soldiers in the immediate foreground 
 w ho are parting the raiment, as is recorded in sacred story, while to the left 
 a dog stands regarding their action. In the middle distance a Roman soldier 
 is thrus ing his spear into the Saviour's side. Clinging to the foot of the cross 
 is Mary Magdalen, while back and to the right St. John supports the grief- 
 
136 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 bowed figure of Mary, the mother of Christ. The whole work on this panel 
 is most carefully studied and skillfully wrought. These two pieces are the 
 first examples of ivory carving which have been acquired by the Art Institute, 
 although a flue example of Japanese carving is in the loan collection and a 
 figure of carved wood and ivory has for some time been the property of the 
 Institute. [Visitors to the Art Institute will be provided with catalogues of 
 the entire collection.] 
 
 Art Collections. — The private art collections of Chicago are very numerous 
 and very extensive. This is strikingly evident at each recurring exhibit of 
 loaned pictures at the Art Institute or elsewhere. The annual exhibits at the 
 Inter-State Exposition, now a thing of the past, by reason of the changes 
 necessary p°nding the World's Columbian Exposition, have grown from year 
 to year, until they promised to rank among the best in the country. Steps 
 have been taken to erect a permanent Art Hall on the Lake Front, in which 
 these annual exhibitions will be continued. This building will be erected 
 for the Columbian Exposition, but will be constructed in such a manner as to 
 be acceptable to the city as a permanent building after the exposition closes. 
 The art galleries of the Illinois Club, the Chicago Club, the Marquette Club, 
 the Calumet Club, and especially of the Union League Club, are becoming 
 very valuable, [See Union League Art Association.] The Vincennes Gallery 
 of Fine Arts, 3841 Vincennes avenue (take Illinois Central train to Oakland 
 station, Thirty-ninth St.), is open at all times, free to visitors. There are 
 many beautiful collections in the private mansions of the South Side. Tne 
 largest and best private collection in the city at present is that contained in 
 the gallery of Mr. Charles T. Yerkes, 3201 Michigan avenue. The more 
 important of his pictures were purchased by Mr. Yerkes in 1890, during a 
 visit to Europe, when he devoted himself to the study and selection of 
 pictures. The pictures are first-class examples of masters of the Dutch school, 
 Rembrandt, Van Dyck, Rubens, Jan Steen, Van Ostade, Gerard Dow, 
 Ruysdael, and Wonwerman being represented. From the last century there 
 is a head by Greuze, and from later schools there are important pictures by 
 Millet, Diaz, Daubigny, Detaille, Ziem, Vibert, Alfred Stevens, Willems, 
 Charlemonte, and others. 
 
 Art Institute of Chicago Art School. — Located in the Art Institute 
 building, Michigan avenue and Van Buren street. Incorporated May 24, 
 1879. Officers: Charles L. Huteninson, president; Edson Keith, vice- 
 president; Lyman J. Gage, treasurer; N. H. Carpenter, secretary; W. M. 
 R. French, director. Teachers: W. M. R. French, director; Oliver Dennett 
 Grover, and John H. Vanderpoel, drawing arid painting, life and antique; 
 Miss Caroline D. Wade, still-life classes; Miss Charlotte F. Dyer, antique and 
 statuary classes; Miss Charlotte F. Dyer, antique; N. H. Carpenter, per- 
 spective; Lorado Taft, modeling; Louis J. Millet, architecture and designing; 
 Charles L. Boutwood, evening classes. The arrangement of classes are as 
 follows: 
 
 Costumed Life Class. — Drawing and painting from the costumed model, 
 daily, 9 to 12 a. m., 1 to 4 p. m. 
 
 Nude Life Class. — Drawing and painting from the nude, daily: Women, 
 8:30 to 12 a. m. ; Men, 1 to 4 p. m. 
 
 Painting From Still Life. — Oil and water color, daily, 1 to 4 p. m. 
 
 Classes in the Antique.— Drawing from the cast, elementary and 
 advanced, daily, £ to 12 a. m. , 1 to 4. p. m. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 137 
 
 Modeling. — Monday, Wednesday and Friday, 9 to 12 a. m." Room open 
 for practice, daily, 9 to 12 a. m., 1 to 4 p. m. Lorado Taft, teacher. 
 
 Perspective. — The last six weeks of the Fall and Winter terms, Wednes- 
 day and Friday, 3 to 4 p. m. 
 
 Saturday Sketching Class. — Saturday, 9 to 12 a. m. This class is free 
 to all students. 
 
 Artistic Anatomy. — Fall and Spring terms, 3 to 5 p. m., Monday and 
 Wednesday. W. M. R. French, teacher. 
 
 Ornamental Designing. — Monday, Wednesday and Friday, 1 to 4 p. m. 
 L. J. Millet, teacher. 
 
 Saturday Class.— Intended for children and teachers, 10 to 12 a. m. 
 Miss Lydia P. Hess, teacher, assisted by Miss Charlotte F. Dyer, Mi^s 
 Matilda Vanderpoel, Miss S. S. Hayden, Miss Marie R. Meli, Mi^s jeannelte 
 Buckley, Miss Alice Randall, Miss Bertha S. Menzler, Mrs. E. R. Copp, 
 Miss Kate Burton and Miss Gwynne C. Price. 
 
 Evening Life and Antique Classes. — Monday, Wednesday and Fiidny 
 evenings, 7 to 9:30 o'clock. Oliver Dennett Grover and Charles E. Boutwocd, 
 teachers. 
 
 Architectural Class. — Daily, 9 to 12 a. m., 1 to 4 p. m. 
 
 Class Lectures on Antique Sculpture. — Winter term, Thursday, 3 to 
 4 p. m. Lorado Taft, lecturer. 
 
 Composition. — Inspection of Compositions, Friday noon. J. H. Van- 
 derpoel. 
 
 The school room opens from 8:30 a. m. to 5 p. m. Regular school hours, 
 9 to 4 p. m. Fall term, September 29 to December 20; Winter term, Decem- 
 ber 29 to March 21; Spring term, March 23 to June 13. Pupils may enter 
 the elementary class at any time without examination. Tuition fees admitting 
 students to all classes for which they are qualified are: Every day each week, 
 for one term, $25; three days each week, for one term, $20; two days each 
 week, for one term, $15; evening life class, $10 a term; evening antique 
 class, $6 a term; Saturday class, 10 to 12 a. m., $5 a term. In the architec- 
 tural class, students are received only for the full time, $25 for a term of 
 twelve weeKs. Pupils are required to furnish their own material, except 
 easelsand drawing-boards, which are furnished free. The cost of drawing 
 material is about $4, and the cost of material for painting about $10 a term. 
 Board for non-resident students may be obtained at from $5 to $7 per week. 
 
 The object of the Art Institute is to maintain a school and museum 
 of art. The art school re-opens its classes September 29, 1891, for its 
 thirteenth year. The new museum building was completed and opened in 
 1887, and contains a large and carefully selected collection of casts of 
 sculpture, pictures, drawings, marblesandotherobjectsof art, to which studenls 
 have free access. Advanced pupils are permitted to study in the galleries of 
 the museum. Students also enjoy the use of a library of works upon fine 
 art, and of the principal art journals. The school rooms are among the best 
 arranged and best lighted in the country. Every student is expected to 
 hand in examples of the month's work at the end of every four weeks, to be 
 inspected by the board of teachers and returned with written comment and 
 advice. There are exhibitions of students' work every year. 
 
 Chicago Society of Artists. — Rooms located on the seventh floor of the new 
 Athenaeum building, 16 to 26 Van Buren street. There are fourteen studios 
 fitted up for the purpose of the society. N. H. Carpenter, secretary of the 
 
138 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Art Institute, designed the lighting of these society rooms and studios in a 
 manner the most complete for the purposes of any in the city. It has long 
 been acknowledged that the lighting of the top floor of the Art Institute was 
 thefinestin the West for artistic purposes, but this new method, itis believed, 
 will prove far preferable. The Art Institute skylight rises from the flat roof 
 house-shaped ; that is, with uprights and roof of glass. The result is that 
 there is a part of the upper portion of the walls of the room which is darker 
 than the remainder because the light rays can not penetrate directly there. 
 Mr. Carpenter's method covers each studio with a separate skylight, and, 
 instead of rising straight up, house-shaped, these skylights rise from the roof 
 with two surfaces, one, the shorter, at an angle of forty-five degrees, facing 
 the north. By this ingenious skylight the perpendicular rays fall on his 
 work, while the rays through the glass sloping from the north will lighten up 
 his models. Above the main room to be used by the Chicago Society of 
 Artists stretches another novel skylight designed by Mr. Carpenter. It rises 
 from the outer edge of the room, north and south, to a peak. Then there is 
 a basis of ground glass beneath this, a short space above the upper edges of 
 the room. This diffuses the light equally through all parts of the room, 
 which are used for the exhibition of pictures. The otherrooms of the society 
 are used for water colors and evening classes. The walls on this floor are of 
 wood so that pictures can be readily hung up. 
 
 Union League Art Association. — An organization within the Union League 
 Club for the purpose of advancing the interests of its art galleries. Officers : 
 President, Henry S. Boutell ; vice-president, L. W. McConnell ; secretary 
 and treasurer, Shea Smith ; directors, J. W. Ellsworth, D. C. Osman, and 
 C. S. Frost. The report for last year shows a membership of 205. During 
 the year ttie association has acquired a portrait of Rufus Choate, painted 
 by the late H. F. Spread, and a faithful copy of Trumball's portrait of 
 Alexander Hamilton, owned by the Chamber of Commerce of New York, 
 which was executed by Eastman Johnson of that city. There has been pre- 
 sented to the association a portrait of William H. Seward, executed by E. 
 Cameron, also a bronze entitled "Love, Labor, and Learning," by Lorado 
 Taft. 
 
 AUDITORIUM BUILDING. 
 
 Among the many magnificent structures of Chicago, the Auditorium is 
 the greatest. It is the most famous building on the American continent. 
 At once a grand opera house, a superb hotel and a mammoth office build- 
 ing, there is not to be found on the face of the earth a pile that will compare 
 with it. It represents the modern idea, as the Coliseum of Rome represented 
 the ancient. It is in construction representative of Chicago as a city, where 
 art, beauty and utility are so strongly defined though nearly always blended 
 on every side. Cost of building, $3,500,000; with ground, $5,000,000. 
 
 Auditorium Dimensions. — Total street frontage on Wabash avenue, 
 Michigan avenue and Congress St., 710 feet; height of main building (10 
 stories), 145 feet; height of tower above-main building (eight floors), 95 feet; 
 height of lantern tower above main tower (two floors), 30 feet; total height, 270 
 feet; size of tower, 70x41 feet; the foundations cover almost two and a half 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 139 
 
 times greater area; weight of entire building, 110,000 tons; weight of tower, 
 15,000 tans; exterior material, first a^d second stories granite; balance of 
 building stone; interior material, iron, brick, terra cotta, marble, hard-wood 
 finish, etc.; cost of iron work about $600 000; number of brick in building, 
 17,000,000; number of square ieet of Italian Marble, Mosaic floors, 50,000 
 (containing about 50,000,000 pieces of marble, each put in by hand); number 
 of square feet of terracotta (arches and partitions), 8u0,000; numberof square 
 feet of wire lath, 175,000; number of square feet of plateglass, 60,000; number 
 of miles of gas and water pipes, 25; number of miles of electric wires and 
 cable, 230; number of miles of steel cable for moving scenes on stage, 11; 
 number of electric lights, 10.000; number of dynamos, 11; number of electric 
 moters for driving ventilating apparatus, and other machinery, 13; numberof 
 hydraulic moters for driving machinery, 4; number of boilers, 11; number of 
 pumping engines, 21- number of elevators, 13; numberof hydraulic lifts for 
 moving stage platforms, 26. 
 
 Auditorium Directory and Officers. — The following are the officers and 
 directors of the Auditoiium Association for 1891-92: Ferdinand W. Peck, 
 president; N. K. Fairbank, first vice-president; John R. Walsh, second 
 vice-president; Charles L. Hutchinson, treasurer; Charles H. Lunt, secre- 
 tiry. Charles L. Hutchinson, John R. Walsh, N. K. Fairbank, A. L. Coe, 
 Charles Couneelman, Ferdinand W. Peck, Clarence I. Peck, Martin A. Ryer- 
 son, L. Wampold, F. H. Head and H. H. Kohlsaat, directors. 
 
 Auditorium Enclosures. — The Auditorium building includes: 1st — The 
 Auditorium, permanent seating capacity over 4,000; for conventions, etc, (for 
 which the stage will be utilized), about 8,000. 2d — Recital Hall, seats 500. 
 3d — Business portion, consists of stores and 136 offices, part of which are in 
 the tower. 4th — Tower Observatory, to which the public are admitted (25 
 cents for adults, 15 cents for children). U. S. (Signal (Service occupies part of 
 the 17th, 18th and 19th floors of the tower. These departments of the build- 
 ing are mauaged by the Chicago Auditorium Association. 5th — Auditorium 
 Hotel, has 400 guest rooms. The grand dining-room (175 feet long) and the 
 kixhen are on the top floor. The magnificent Banquet Hall is built of steel, 
 ontrusses, spanning 120 feet over the Auditorium. (See Auditorium Hotel.) 
 The hotel is leased and managed by the Auditorium Hotel Company, J. H. 
 Breslin, of New York, president; li.H. Southgate, vice-president and manager. 
 Auditorium Entrances. — The Auditorium has several entrances, but the 
 main one is on Congress street. The arches spring from four marble columns, 
 whose immense size is lost sight of in the general effect. Passing through the 
 bronze doors the spectator finds himself in a court whose beauties compare 
 with anything in the building. Marble, bronze carvings, stained glass and 
 gold have been fashioned into a design worthy of the structure of which 
 it forms a part. The floor is inlaid in marble mosaic work in intricate 
 designs. Huge polished shafts of glittering marble are set off by carvings 
 and bronzes. A thousand people are easily accommodated in it. 
 
 Auditorium History. — The idea of the construction of a great building 
 of this character was first made public before the Commercial Club, in an 
 address delivered by Ferdinand W. Peck, the originator of the enterprise, 
 May 29, 1886. The idea was received with great favor at once, and, on 
 December 4th of the same year, a stock company was organized to carry it 
 into execution. There are now nearly 300 citizens among the stockholders. 
 
140 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. <- 
 
 On January 20, 1887, the contract for excavation was let. The demolition of the 
 old rink which stood on the Congress street end of the site was begun eight days 
 later. The first shovelful of earth was thrown out on the same day ; the next day 
 saw 200 men and thirty teams breaking ground. The plans were adopted in 
 April, 1887, but an obstacle was met with almost immediately in obtaining 
 the quarter of a million tons of granite required from Maine and Minnesota. 
 Preparations were completed, however, for the laying of the corner stone in 
 September of that year. In March, 1888, the roof over the sixty-two thousand 
 square feet was completed, which admitted of the Republican convention 
 being held within its walls in the following June. The nomination of Harri- 
 son for the presidency in the presence of over twelve thousand spectators 
 demonstrated the capacity of the great hall, and called international attention 
 to the vastness of the structure. The cope stone on top of the tower was laid 
 with impressive masonic ceremonies on October 2, 1889. The grand lodge 
 of Illinois was in charge of the celebration, and among the participants were 
 numbered the greatest dignitaries of both State and city. The last dedica- 
 tion before the formal opening was "Recital Hall," on the seventh floor, 
 which modestly accepts the seating capacity of 500, and was made the 
 objective point for the twentieth anniversary of the Illinois Humane Society, 
 on October 12. With the grand opening of the Auditorium on December 9, 
 1889, upon which occasion the president of the United States, governors of 
 many States, and other dignitaries were present, history gave place totality, 
 and the dreams of projectors, architects and engineers were realized. 
 
 Auditorium Investment — In his annual report to the stockholders, at the 
 closeof 1890, Mr. Ferdinand W. Peck, the president, said: " It may be stated 
 here in a general way, that the history of the past year, since your building 
 has been in use, has demonstrated that its revenue will exceed all fixed 
 charges, and will admit of returns to the stockholders fully equal to those 
 originally contemplated, after the unsold stock in the treasury is disposed of 
 and the final settlements made for construction. The earning power is 
 unlikely to be less in the future, as the business growth of our city tends 
 toward your building, and the prestige of the Auditorium and hotel is now 
 established." 
 
 ^ Auditorium Lobby. — The first adequate idea of the grandeur of the Audi- 
 torium and the general style of its decorations is obtained on entering the 
 lobby. Here is in itself a vast hall, with a score of polished marble columns 
 supporting arches, which form a fine perspective. The floor is marble mosaic 
 worked into complicated designs. An examination of this floor and a 
 knowledge of the seemingly endless labor required to lay it is instructive as 
 showing the magnitude of the work. For the first time in the United States 
 the mosaic has been introduced on a large scale. Those who have admired 
 the results attained in the Rookery building will know what to expect from 
 the Auditorium. No more daring thing was ever attempted in decorations. 
 There was but one precedent. The lobby shows it to advantage, although 
 the effect is modified by the more brilliant colors of the marbles. Some of 
 the finest marble ever brought to the United States is utilized in the construe 
 tion of the grand staircases which open from the right side of the lobby. The 
 most exacting care was taken in the selection of this marble. Every slab is 
 a painting in itself. The grand staircase is marble, mahogany, bronze and 
 gold. It is one of the finest examples of skill in the United States. The 
 lobby is plain but none the less beautiful. The solid ivory color of the walls 
 

 THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 141 
 
 is kept from becomiug monotonous by the use of a limited amount of gold 
 leaf. The general impression is one of vastness and anticipation. Five 
 entrances lead from the lobby to the parquet. The grand staircase leads to 
 the foyer, from which point probably the best general view of the hall can 
 be had. 
 
 Auditorium Location. — The Auditorium building is located on Wabash 
 avenue, Michigan avenue and Congress St., almost within the business center 
 of the city. Only a short walk from the terminals of all street car lines and 
 railroads. Take Wabash avenue cable line going south. Take Adams or 
 Van Buren street lines going east. 
 
 Auditorium Recital Hall. — Recital Hall is finished in ivory and gold, and 
 the decorations are fully up to the high standard fixed in the Auditorium. 
 This hall is used for rehearsals, concerts, lectures, etc. Within the hall are 
 500 seats, though at first sight the impression is that there are not half that 
 number. The sky-light is a pretty piece of work, in which the stained glass 
 artist is seen at his best. The shafts are decorated in gold ornaments, and in 
 all the room not a lino foils. 
 
 Auditorium Views. — The Auditorium can be seen at, its best from a point 
 i n the Lake Front Park on a line with Polk street. From this location an almost 
 ■o erf ect perspective can be obtained. The walls loom up over the surround- 
 ing buildings like some great cliff over the scraggy pines which cling around 
 its base. The tower is seen in its true proportions and stands out sombre and 
 grim. It requires no stretch of the imagination to picture the muzzles of guns 
 protruding from the windows beneath the masonry of the cornice. From 
 the lake the Auditorium is the first thing which breaks the monotony of the 
 horizon, as the incoming steamer plows its way toward the city. But what 
 shall be said of the view of the lake from the top of the tower? Two thou- 
 sand square miles of water are spread out before the vision of him who climbs 
 to the top of the signal service observatory. Michigan City, half hid by the 
 sand hills, which line the eastern coast, is plainly revealed on a clear day. 
 South Chicago lays almost at your feet. Evanston is in view, and its 
 University buildings can be picked out by those familiar with the place. 
 Below you is the city, a seething ocean of smoke, with half obscured build- 
 ings, shoving their domes and battlements out of the clouds, as if vainly striv- 
 ing for one breath of fresh air. Out over the lake the air is clear as the blue 
 of the sky above it, and undefiled as the waves which curl into foam below it. 
 Michigan boulevard melts away into a perspective, in which the long lines of 
 lamp-posts and shade trees merge into nothingness. Over a hundred and 
 fifty feet below is the broad roof of the Auditorium and the okylight which 
 surmounts the haU. The spire of the average church would not reach that 
 skylight. Here it is that the United States signal service has established its 
 station. It may be considered fafe to say, that the local station occupies the 
 highest artificial altitude of any in the country. 
 
 TJie Auditorium. — The designers were not hampered for lack of room. 
 Their instructions were to make a perfect opera house, and neither time nor 
 money was spared in the work. The distinguishing triumph attained was the 
 designing of a grand opera house with every facility for entrance and exit. 
 Eight thousand people can enter and leave the building in five minutes. 
 There are forty-four figures in the proscenium arch-painting, and every one 
 of them is worthy of an hour's study. The two mural paintings are com- 
 
14:2 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 panion pieces, and help to convey to the visitors the inspiration of the artist. 
 In the mural paintings attempt has been made to symbolize what is poetic in 
 every-day life; the proscenium group or procession is allegorical, but not in 
 the line of the hackneyed subjects generally introduced in works of the kind. 
 Next to the proscenium arch the two mural paintings, which fill the grand 
 arches on opposite sides of the opera house, form the finest decorative 
 features of the Auditorium.^ The two paintings conform to the sentiments of 
 the work above the proscenium; they are twenty-four feet wide at the base 
 and twenty and a half feet in height. ^ On the south wall is " Spring," the 
 morning of life. Below the painting is the inscription: 
 
 "Oh, soft, melodious springtime, 
 Fi.st-bornof life and love." 
 
 On the north wa"l is "Autumn and Winter," the decadence of life. 
 " A great life has passed into the tomb, 
 And there awaits the requiem of Winter's snow." 
 
 The stairs which lead into the foyer are worthy of mention. Massive 
 columns of marble stand on either side of a broad stairway formed of mar- 
 ble, bronze and rosewood. The floor of the foyer is laid in Italian Mosaic 
 work, which glows like precious stones under the hand of the polisher. The 
 forty boxes are finished in plush and silk. The drop curtain, with its hun- 
 dreds of yards of satin and plush and the beautiful gold effects produced 
 thereon. (See " Auditorium Theatre.") 
 
 Tower, The Auditorium. — On clear, ple'asant days the visitor can obtain 
 a magnificent and comprehensive view of Chicago and its environs by taking 
 a trip to the Auditorium tower. (See "Auditorium Tower.") From this 
 point the outlines of three States skirting on Lake Michigan are visible — 
 Illinois, Indiana and Michigan. Michigan City is plainly discernible to 
 the southeast when the atmosphere is clear. South Chicago, with its immense 
 rolling mills, seems close at hand. To the north, Graceland and Rose Hill 
 cemeteries, the beautiful suburban villages which dot the north shore, and 
 Evanston, with its University group, are plainly seen. In the summer season 
 Lake Michigan, stretching out before, presents an animated appearance. To 
 the left, almost at your feet, is the mouth of the Chicago river, from which 
 or toward which propellers, schooners and excursion boats are constantly 
 moving. Fare to top of tower, 25 cents. Take elevator at Congress street 
 entrance to the Auditorium. Telescopes are furnished free to visitors. 
 
 BANKING INSTITUTIONS— NATIONAL. 
 
 The banks doing business in Chicago are classified under three headings, 
 National, State and Private. The National banks are conducted in accord- 
 ance with the Federal banking laws and are under the supervision of the 
 National Government. The State and Private banks are organized under 
 State laws. The former make reports of their condition to the Auditor of 
 State. The latter are not supervised, but conduct business under general 
 commercial laws. The capital of the National banks of Chicago at the close 
 of the year 1891 was $21,241,680 as against $16,100,000 at the close of 1890 ; 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 143 
 
 surplus and profits were $12,494,164 as against $10,343,119 for 1890; deposits 
 were $117,792,594 as agninst $94,471,271 for 1890, and loans and discounts 
 were $89,292,728 as against $72,392,018 for 1890. The capital of the State 
 banks doing business in Chicago, according to last reports furnished the 
 State Auditor, was $12,227,000, their surplus $3,869,000 and their undivided 
 profits $1,869,288 — [See Bank Clearings, Bank Clearance Comparative, etc.] 
 American Exchange National Bank. — Organized in May, 1886, with D. 
 W. Irwin, president; D. B. Dewey, vice-president; D. K. Pearsons, second 
 vice president, and A. L. Dewar, cashier. Present officers: John B. Kirk, 
 president; Wm, C. Seipp, vice-president; G.F.Bissell, second viee-presidant; 
 A. L. Dewar, cashier; K. M. Orr, assistant cashier; Arthur Tower, 2d assis- 
 tant cashier. December 31, 1890, it showed capital stock, paid in, $1,000,000; 
 surplus fund and undivided profits, $297,989; deposits, $3,417,095.76, total 
 liabilities, $4,715,085.55; loans and discounts, $3,049,131.48; overdrafts, 
 $3,386.11; deposit with U. S. treasurer, 2,250; U. S. bonds to secure cir- 
 culation, $50,000; premiums paid, $9,500; other bonds, $33,600; real estate, 
 furniture and fixtures, $10,000; due from banks and bankers, $445,951.07; 
 exchanges for clearing house, $319,470.24; currency, $216,796.65; gold coin, 
 $575,000— $1,557,217.96; total resources, $4,715,085.55. Location, 185 Dear- 
 born street. 
 
 Atlas National Bank.— Officers: President, W. C. D. Grannis; vice-presi- 
 dent, C. B. Farwell; cashier, S. W. Stone; assistant cashier, W. S. Tillotson. 
 Directors: Uri Balcom, R. C. Clowry, C. B. Farwell, R. J. Bennett, Joseph 
 Austrian, W. C. D. Grannis, J. C. McMullin, A. A. Munger, Wm. M. Van 
 Nortwick, C. P. Libby, J. T. Chumasero. 
 
 Chemical National Bank. — Successor to the Chemical Trust and Savings 
 bank, founded in May, 1880. Occupies its own building, 85 Dearborn st. 
 Capital, $1,000,000. Officers: J. O. Curry, president; E. C. Veasey, vice- 
 president; A. T. Ewing, second vice-president; G. E. Hopkins, assistant 
 c ishier. Directors: W. M. Hoyt (W. M. Hoyt & Co., Wholsale Grocers); D. 
 C. Newton (banker, Batavia, 111.); Robert Vierling, President (Vierling, 
 McDowell & Co., Iron Founders); E. C. Veasey (vice-president); Charles H. 
 Slack (Grocer); M. A. Mead (M. A. Mead & Co. Wholesale Jewelers); A. T. 
 Ewing (second vice-president); S. E. Gross (Real Estate); Otis Jones (Director, 
 Macon Dublin & Savannah Ry. Co.); S- W. Lamson (Lamson Bros., Grain 
 Commission); H. J. Straight (K. J. Straight & Co., Fire Insurance); E. J. 
 Edwards (President, Hicks Stock Car Co.); F. E. Spooner (Chicago Union 
 Lime Works); O. W. Norton (President, Norton Brothers, Manufacturers Tin 
 Plate, Japan Ware); J. O. Curry (President). It will be seen that the directors 
 are representative business men. The Chemical National, though one of the 
 most recently organized, ranks among the most prominent of the city. 
 
 Chicago National Bank. — Officers: President, John R. Walsh; vice- 
 president, H. H. Nash; cashier, William Cox; assistant cashier, F. M. Blount. 
 Directors: A. McNally, Adolph Loeb, H. H. Nash, C. K. G. Billings, F. 
 Madlener, Ferd. W. Peck, J. R. Walsh. Capital, $500,000; surplus and 
 profits, $566,810; loans and discounts, $4,277,125; cash and treasury credits, 
 $1,715,793; individual deposits, $5,998,610; due banks, $861,870; due from 
 banks and agents, $1,396,429; checks for clearing house, $262,306; U. S. 
 
144 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 bonds, $50,000; other stocks and bonds, $270,636; total deposits, $6,860,480: 
 circulation, $45,000. The Chicago National Bank is recognized as one of the 
 leading financial institutions of the city. 
 
 Columbia National Bank. — Open for business Feb. 16, 1691. Paid in 
 capital, $9,000,000. Officers: L. Everingham, president; W. G. Bently, 
 vice-president; Zimri Dwiggins, cashier; J. T. Greene, assistant cashier. 
 Directors, Malcolm McNeil, E. S. Conway, H. D. Kohn, C. W. Needham, 
 Peter Kuntz, J. D. Allen, L. Everingham, W. G. Bently, Z. Dwiggins, and 
 J. M. Starbuck. Resources — Discounts and time loans, $1,192,399.88; 
 United States bonds, $50,000; redemption fund, $2,250; furniture and fixtures, 
 $10,952.85; current expenses, $31,607.76; due from banks and bankers, $362,- 
 641 90; cash and cashitems, $228,291.29; demand loans, $420,460.23 ($1,011,- 
 393.42); total, $2,298,603.91. Liabilities— Capital stock paid in, $1,000,000; 
 surplus and undivided profits, $77,416.90; circulation, $45,000; deposits, 
 $1,176,187.01; total, $2,298,603.91. The Columbian National transacts a 
 general banking business. A separate suite of rooms with clerical force, 
 teller, etc., and every facility for banking are provided especially for ladies. 
 The motto of the bank is, safety, courtesy, promptness, liberality. Location 
 of banking-house, Insurance Exchange Building, corner LaSalle and Quincy 
 streets. 
 
 Commercial National Bank. — Organized December, 1864. The present 
 officers are — Henry F. Eames, president ; O. W. Potter, vice-president ; F. S. 
 Eames, 2d vice-president ; John B. Meyer, cashier ; D. Vernon, assistant 
 cashier. 
 
 Resources.— Loans and discounts, $6,980,972.79 ; overdrafts, $3,384.04 ; 
 United States bonds to secure circulation, $50,000.; other stocks, bonds and 
 mortgages, $260, 804.37 ; due from othtr National banks $891,811.04 ; due 
 from State banks and bankers, $247.49 ; total $892,058-53. Real estate, $31 ,- 
 750.90; taxes paid, $15,359.89; Checks and other cash items, $3,088; 
 exchanges for clearing-house, $327,468.93; bills of other banks, $71,005; 
 fractional currency, nickels, and pennies, $927,70 ; specie, $1,597, 994.60 ; 
 legal tender notes, $380,000.; $2,380,484.23; redemption fund with 
 United States .treasurer (5 per cent of circulation), $2,250.; total, $10,617,- 
 064.75. Liabilities. Capital stock paid in, $1,000,000 ; surplus fund, 
 $1,000,000; undivided profits, $103,997.19 ; National Bank notes outstand- 
 ing $45,000 ; individual deposits subject to check, $3.598,196.05 ; demand 
 certificates of deposit, $216,490.77; certified checks, $63,682.12; cashier's 
 checks outstanding, $176,416.76 ; due to other National Banks, $1,793,984.68 ; 
 due to State banks and bankers, $2,619,297.18; total $8,468,067.56; grand 
 total, $10,617,064.75. 
 
 Directors.— Henry F. Eames, S. W. Rawson, William J. Chalmers, 
 N. K. Fairbank, O. W. Potter, Jesse Spalding, Henry W. King, Franklin 
 MacVeagh, Norman Williams. Location of banking house, Southeast 
 corner of Dearborn and Monroe streets. 
 
 Continental National Bank.— Organized March 5, 1883. Present officers 
 — Directors: John C. Black, John R. Winterbotham, Calvin T.Wheeler, 
 Richard T. Crane, Henry C. Durand, William, G. Hibbard, Henry Botsford, 
 James H. Dole, George H. Wheeler, J. Ogden Armour, Isaac N. Perry ; 
 President, John C. Black ; 2nd vice-president, Isaac N. Perry; cashier, 
 Douglass Hoyt ; assistant cashier, Tra P. Bowen. Banking house, LaSalle 
 and Adams street. Semi-annual dividends of 3 per cent, are paid January 
 
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 
 THE INTER-OCEAN BUILDING, MADISON AND DEARBORN STS. 
 
 [See " Newspapers. 1 '] 
 
: 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 145 
 
 first and July first. Report of condition at the close of business December 
 2d, 1891. Resources: Loans and discounts, $6,896^.37.20 ; overdrafts, $21, 
 988.78 ; United States bonds for circulation, $5t>/000 ; other bonds oa 
 hand, $2,600; real estate, furniture and fixtures, $39,605.37; premiums 
 paid, $7,000; cash, $1,496,580.05; due from banks, $1,703,072; checks 
 for clearings, $1,075,988.73 ; due from United States treasurer, $2,250 ; 
 total, $11,295,622.13. Liabilities. Capital stock paid in, $2,000,000 ; sur- 
 plus fund, $250,000 ; undivided profits, $219,014,20 ; bank notes out- 
 standing, $23,600; individual deposits, $4,429,013.15; due banks, $4,373,- 
 994.78 ; total, $11,295,622.13. Location of banking house, southwest corner 
 of La Salle and Adams streets. M. Calvin T. Wheeler, one of Chicago's 
 foremost business men and financiers, was the organizer of this bank and its 
 first president. He was succeeded in 1887 by Mr. Black, who has been con- 
 nected with the bank since its organization. He was its first cashier, and 
 was actively instrumental in perfecting the system inaugurated for the tran- 
 saction of the business of the bank with the greatest convenience to its cus- 
 tomers. 
 
 Drover's National Bank. — Organized 1883 : Present officers — S. Brintnall, 
 president; John Brown, vice-piesident ; W. H. Brintnall, cashier ; Edward 
 Tilden, assistant cashier. Resources: Loans and discounts, $807,088.97; 
 overdrafts, $12.25; United States bonds, $50,000; banking house, $12,- 
 500; premiums, $8,500; due from banks, $696,643.14; cash, $121,319. - 
 13; total, $817,962.27; grand total, $1,696,063.49. Liabilities: Capital 
 stock, $250,000 ; • surplus, $50,000 ; undivided profits, $36,748.45 : cir- 
 culation, $45,000 ; deposits, $1,314,315.04; total, $1,696,063.49. Directors 
 — Percy W. Palmer, Charles L. Shattuck, Watson S. Hinkly, John Brown, 
 James P. Sherlock, J. E. Greer, W. H. Brintnall, Solva Brintnall. Location 
 of banking house, 4207 South Halsted street, Union Stockyards. 
 
 First National Bank. — Organized, Nov. 1863. Present officers : Lyman 
 J. Ga^e, president ; Henry R. Symonds, vice-president ; James B. Forgant, 
 2d. vice-present ; Richard J. Street, cashier ; Holmes Hoge, assistant 
 cashier. Statement of condition January, 1892. Assets : Loan and dis- 
 counts, $16,475,614.91 ; bank building and other real estate, $650,000 , 
 United States bonds, (par value), $55,150 : other bonds, $847,450. Cash 
 resources: Due from banks, (Eastern exch.), $4,396,430.99; checks for 
 clearing house, $1,659,783.10; cash on hand, $8,410,499.87; due from U. 
 S. treasurer, $-26.250 ; total ; $14,492,963.96 ; grand total, $32,521,178.87. 
 Liabilities: Capital stock paid in. $3,000,000; surplus fund, $2,000,000; 
 other undivided profits, $1,023,059.31 ; dividend, 90,000 ; Deposits, $?6.- 
 408,119.56; total. $32,521,178.87. Directors: Saml. M. Nickerson, E. F. 
 Lawrence, S. W. Allerton, F. D. Gray, Norman B. Ream, Nelson Morris, 
 James B. Forgan, L. J. Gage, Eugene S. Pike, A. A. Carpenter, H. R. 
 Symonds. Location of banking house, northwest corner of Dearborn and 
 Monroe streets, First National Bank building. 
 
 At the date of incorporation, the First National Bank had a capital of 
 $100,0^0. Its officers were— President, E. Aiken; cashier, E. E. Braisted. 
 x. i stood number 8 in the order of National Banks. The capital of the 
 banK was soon increased to $1,000,000. In 1867 President Aiken died, and 
 vas succeeded by Samuel M. Nickerson, who has held the office ever since. 
 In 1868 Lyman J. Gage was appointed cashier. The fire of 1871 destroyed 
 
146 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 the bank's building, which stood at the southwest corner of State and Wash- 
 ington sts. This building was at once rebuilt, and was occupied until the 
 bank moved into its present magnificent structure, which was erected espe- 
 cially for its accommodation, and with a view to the convenient transaction of 
 its immense business [See " First National Bank Building" andillustration.] 
 During the panic of 1873 the bank passed through the ordeal in excellent 
 shape, coming out of it with the renewed and strengthened confidence of the 
 public in the stability of its resources, and the wisdom and integrity of its 
 management. The fact is often referred to even in these days, that Mr. 
 Gage's courageous and judicious executive ability in 1873 not only averted a 
 calamity for his own bank, but had the effect of stimulating the nerve of 
 others in Chicago, and of inspiring the public with faith in the ability of all 
 to meet their obligations if they were not harassed or hampered. The 
 charter of the First National Bank expired in 1882; it went into liquidation, 
 paying off its stockholders and giving each one of them $294 for every $100 
 paid in. This was in addition to dividends upon the capital from time to 
 time, which averaged through its entire history 10 per cent, per annum. On 
 the expiration of the old charter the new First National Bank, No. 2670, was 
 organized, and succeeded to the business of the old bank. Its paid-up capi- 
 tal was fixed at $3,000,000; Mr. Gage was made vice-president, and Mr. 
 Symonds, cashier. The First National. Bank is not only the greatest finan- 
 cial institution in Chicago, but one of the greatest in the country. The 
 showing of earnings and surplus which it made at the close of last year's 
 business attracted universal attention. 
 
 First National Bank of Englewood: Located at Ea'glewood, Chicago. 
 Officers. J. R. Embre, president; E. L. Roberts, vice-president ; F. B. War- 
 ren. Directors : J. R. Embre, J. K. Nichols, H. B. Murphy, D. E. Prentice, 
 B. H. Knights, C. H. Cildwell, W. H. Sharp, J. M. Johnson. 
 
 Fort Dearborn National Bank . — Organized, May 1, 1887. Present officers : 
 John A. King, president ; W. L. Barnum, vice-president ; Peter Dudley, cash- 
 ier ; Chas. H. McGrath, assistant cashier. Capital, $500,000. Surplus at close 
 of 1892, $25,000. _ Undivided profits, $19,218,590. The Fort Dearborn 
 National bank is an institution of the highest standing, its directors being men 
 of large financial resources. Directors : W. L. Barnum ; J. W. Plummer, 
 John J. McGrath, William J. Wilson, D. K. Hill, E. Mandel, Thomas Kane, 
 George Keller, Arthur D. Rich, A. Plamondon and John A. King. Location 
 of banking house, 187-189 Dearborn street. 
 
 Globe National Bank.— Commenced business December 22, 1890, capital, 
 $1,000,000, surplus, $45,000. Present officers— Oscar D. Wetherell, presi- 
 dent; Melville E. Stone, vice-president; D. A. Moulton, cashitr; C. C. Swin- 
 borne, assistant cashier. The directors, comprising well-known business 
 men and capitalists, are as follows— Melville E. Stone, late editor Chicago 
 Daily News;' Gustavus F. Swift, president Swift & Co. packers; William ri. 
 ilarper, manager Chicago & Pacific Elevator Company; Robert L. Henry, 
 president Keystone Palace Horse-Car Company; Morris Rosenbaum, coin- 
 mission merchant; Everett W. Brooks, lumber manufacturer; .lames L. 
 High, attorney-at-law; Amos Grannis, contractor; Oscar D. Wetherell. Lo- 
 cation of banking house, northwest corner of Jackson and La Salle streets, 
 opposite Board of Trade. 
 
 Hide and Leather National Bank. — Organized in 1872, received its charter 
 as a National bank in 1878. Present officers: Charles F. Grey, presidenl ; II. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 147 
 
 A. White, vice-president; D. L. Forest, cashier; Thos. L. Forrest, assistant 
 cashier. Capital, $300,000; resources, $2,171,827.96; surplus fund, $95,000; 
 undivided profits, $42,702.12. The individual deposits amount to $1,317,- 
 568.67. Directors, George C. Benton, William L. Gray, C. H. Morse, Hugh 
 A. White, J. V. Taylor, ^George M. Lyon, P. P. Mathews, Charles F. Grey, 
 O. F. Fuller. Location of banking house, La Salle and Madison sis 
 
 Home National Bank. — Officers: President, A. M. Billings; vice-presi- 
 dent, J. C. McMullen; secretary, H. H. Blake. Directors: A. M. Billings, 
 William A. Talcott, C. K. G. Billings, J. C. McMullen, David Bradley. 
 
 Lincoln National Bank. — Organized March, 1887. Present officers — V. C. 
 Price, president; E. S. Noyes, cashier; J. R. Clarke, assistant cashier. 
 Resources, loans and discounts, $592,132.42; overdrafts, $716.68; U. S. bonds 
 to secure circulation, $50,000; other stock, bonds and mortgages, $500; due 
 from other national banks, $140,736,35; due from state banks and bankers, 
 $23 836.09; real estate, furniture and fixtures; $4,731.50; current expenses and 
 taxes paid, $2,957.87; premiums paid, $8,000; checks and other cash items, 
 $881.11; exchanges for clearing house, $51,822.26; bills of other banks, $5,692; 
 fractional paper currency, nickels and pennies, $43.44; specie, $82,258.15; 
 legal tender notes, $80,000; redemption fund with U. S. treasurer (5 per cent, 
 of circulation), $2,250; cash means, $387,519.40; total, $1,046,557.87. Liabil- 
 ities— Capitalstock paid in, $200,000; surplus fund, $10,000; undivided profits, 
 $17,108.92; national bank notes outstanding, $45,000; individual deposits, sub- 
 ject to check, $635,225.53; demand certificates of deposit, $24,869.99; certified 
 checks, $2,640.58; cashier's checks outstanding, $285.96; due to other national 
 banks, $107,917.18; due to state banks and bankers, $3,509.71; total deposits, 
 $774,448.95; total, $1,046,557.87. 
 
 Merdiants' National Bank. — Organized December, 1863 ; capital, $500,- 
 000. Preeent officers : Chauncey J. Blair, president ; Frederick W. Crosby, 
 vice-president ; Henry A. Blair, second vice-president ; John C. Neely, 
 cashier ; directors, C. J.Blair, William Blair, H. A. Blair, W. F. Blair, M. 
 A. Ryerson, F. W. Crosby. Statement. — Resources: Loans and discounts, 
 $6,828,123.15 ; overdrafts, $102.13; United States bonds at par, $50,000; other 
 bonds at par, $283,700; banking house and safe deposit vaults, $125,000; due 
 from banks and United States Treasurer, $1,585,440.62; coin and currency, 
 $3,795,797.00; total, $12,668,163.50. Liabilities: Capital, $500,000; surplus, 
 $1,500,000; undivided profits. $253 483.10; dividends unpaid, $260: deposits, 
 $10,414,420.40; total, $12,668,163.50. Location of banking house, 80 and 82 
 La Salle street. 
 
 Metropolitan National Bank! — Organized May 12, 1884. Present officers: 
 E. G. Keith, president; J. L. Woodward, vice-president; W. D. Preston, 
 cashier; H. H. Hitchcock, assistant cashier. Resources: Loans and discounts, 
 $8,899,544.10; overdrafts, $4,893.15, bonds, $167,900; due from banks 
 and bankers, $1,620,995.26; cash and checks for clearings, $2,667,229 37. 
 Total, $4,456,124.63. Grand total, $13,360,561.88. Liabilities: Capitalstock 
 paid in, $2,000,000; surplus and undivided profits, $1,111,372.90; national 
 bank notes outstanding, $45,000; deposits, $10,204,188.98. Total, $13.- 
 360.561.88. Directors: William Deering, A. C. Bartlett, Edson Keith. James 
 L. Woodard, W. J. Watson, E, Frankenthal, G. B. Shaw, E. T. Jeffery, 
 E. G. Keith, W. D. Preston. Location of banking house, La Salle and 
 Madison streets. 
 
148 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 National Bankof America. — Organized January 1, 1883. Present officers: 
 Isaac G. Lombard, president ; Morton B. Hull, vice-president; Edward B. 
 Laihrop, cashier; Charles A. Tinkham, assistant cashier. Resources: Dis- 
 counts ami demand loans, $3,334,154.90; overdralts, 2,956.27; U. S. 4 per 
 cent, bonds, to secure circulation, $50,000; other bonds. $50,000; uue 
 iro in other national banks, $525,227.29; due from banks and bankers, $67,- 
 370.89; $592,598.18; cash— excnanges for dealing house, $231,590.80; cur- 
 rency and specie, $1,073,586.57; $1,305,177.42; uue from treasurer U. S. 
 5 per cent fund, $2,250; due from treasurer U. 8. (other than 5 per cent. 
 fund), $10,000; $5,347,136.77. Liabilities: Capital stock, $1,000,000; 
 surplus fund, $250,000; undivided profits, $59,217.29; circulating notes, 
 $44,100; dividends unpaid, $88.00; deposits, $3,993,431.48; $5,347,136.71. 
 The directors are: William Ruger, Morton B. Hull, William Dickinson, 
 •Uharles M. Henderson, Cyrus H. Adams, John H. Witbeck, Clarence Buck- 
 ingham, Isaac G. Lombard, Edward B. Lathrop. Location of banking house 
 La Salle and Washington streets. 
 
 National Bank of Illinois. — Organized December, 1871. Present officers: 
 George Schneider, president; William H. Bradley, vice-president; W. A. 
 Hammond, cashier; Carl Moll, assistant cashier; Henry D. Field, 2d assist- 
 ant cashier. Resources: Loans and discounts, $7,736,475.44; U. S. bonds to 
 secure circulation (4s at par), $50,000; other bonds and stocks, at par, 
 $198,760; 5 per cent, redemption fund, $2,250; due from national banks, 
 $1,390,733.76; due from banks and bankers, $397,354.99; exchanges for 
 clearing house, $679,492.84; cash on hand, $2,043,899.73; $4,511,481.32; 
 $12,498,966.76. Liabilities: Capital stock paid in, $1,000,000; surplus, 
 $900,000; undivided profits, $14,487.34; national bank notes outstanding, 
 $45,000; dividends unpaid, $442.50; deposits— individual, $7,135,158.03; 
 deposits— baaks, $3,303,878 89; total, $10,439,036.92; grand total, $12,498,- 
 966.76. Directors, IS. B. Cobb, Walter L. Peck, William R. Page, George 
 E. Adams, Charles R. Corwith, C. H. Bradley, Frederick Mahla, R. E. 
 Jenkins, Albert A. Munger, William A. Hammond, George Schneider. 
 Location of banking house 111, 113, 115, and 117 Dearborn street. 
 
 National Live Stock Bank. — Present officers — Levi B. Doud, president; 
 George T. Williams, vice-president; Roswell Z. Herrick, cashier. Resources 
 —Loans and discounts, $2,537,360.36; overdrafts, $7,355.30; U. S. bonds to 
 secure circulation, $50,000; other stocks, bonds and mortgages, $49,875; 
 Due from other National banks, $1,658,866.19; Due from State banks and 
 bankers, $197,324.92— $1,856,191.11; Real Estate, furniture and fixtures, 
 $3,326.47; current expenses and taxes paid, $83.70; piemiums paid, $8,000 ; 
 exchanges for clearing-house, $64,019.92; bills of other banks, $11,965; frac- 
 tional paper currency, nickels and pennies, $765.97; specie, $200,397.50; legal- 
 tender notes, $199,600; U. S. certificates of deposit for legal tenders, $100,000 
 — $576,739.39; redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circula- 
 tion), $2,250; total, $5,091,181.33. Liabilities— Capital stock paid in, $750,- 
 000; surplus fund, $300,000; undivided profits, $176,742.13; National bank 
 notes outstanding, $32,000; dividends unpaid, $1,088; individual deposits 
 subject to check, $1,836,071.02; demand certificates of deposit, $332,984.91; 
 lime certificates of deposit, $25.00; due to other National banks, $1,303,500.- 
 47; due to State banks and bankers, $298,769.80— $3,831,351.20; total, $5,091,- 
 181.33. Directors— John B. Sherman, Irus Coy, George T. Williams. Levi 
 B. Doud, Roswell Z. Herrick, Samuel Cozzens, Daniel G. Brown. At the 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 149 
 
 last annual meeting of directors the sum of $100,000 was carried to the sur- 
 plus fund, now $300,000, while the individual profits reached $37,000. The 
 dividends have been 2 per cent, quarterly. At the last meeting of directors, 
 held December 29, 1891, $100,000 was carried from profit and loss to surplus 
 account, making $400,000 now (spring of '92) in surplus. Location of bank- 
 ii g house, Main Stock Yards. 
 
 National Bank of the Republic. — Organized August, 1891 ; location of 
 banking house, Mailers Building, La Salle st. (After May 1, 1892). Capital 
 stock $1,000,000. President, John A. Lynch ; vice-president, A. M. Roths- 
 child (cashier), W. T. Fenton. Directors, E. B. Strong (of the late firm of 
 Foss, Strong & Co.); A. M. Rothschild (of E. Rothschild & Bros., manufact- 
 urers aDd wholesale clothiers); Alexander Mackay (general freight agent 
 Michigan Central R. R.); J. B. Mailers (capitalist); Henry Kerber^ of 
 Henry Kerber & Son (wholesale stone dealers); J. B. Greenhut (president 
 Distilling & Cattle Feeding Co.); Samuel Woolner (capitalist); W. H. 
 McDoel (general manager L., N. A. & C. R. R.); John A. Lynch of Thos. 
 Lynch & Sons (capitalists), and W. T. Fenton. Comparative statement of 
 deposits September 25th, $942,666; December 2d, $1,127,826.61 ; December 
 31st, $1,206,296.25; January 18th, 1892, $1,307,112.06. Though one of the 
 youngest, this is looked upon as being one of the strongest banks in the 
 city. 
 
 Northwestern National Bank. — Organized August, 1864. Present officers 
 — E. Buckingham, president; W. F. Dummer, vice-president; F. W. Gookin, 
 cashier; F. W. Griffin, assistant cashier. Resources— Loans and discounts, 
 $3, 314, 595. 94; overdrafts, $2,384.60; U. S. bonds to secure circulation (4 per 
 cents), $200,000; U. S. bonds to secure deposits (4 per cents), $300,000; other 
 stock, bonds and mortgages, $93,091.96; due from other National banks, 
 $492,510.54; due from State banks and bankers, $34,315.13— $526,825.67; 
 checks and other cash items, $358.06; exchanges for clearing-house, $290,838,- 
 02; bills of oher banks, $9,790; fractional paper currency, nickels, and pen- 
 nies, $307.57; specie, $639,772.41; legal-tender notes, $307,017— $1,248,083.06; 
 redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circulation), $9,000; 
 total, $5,723,981.23. Liabilities— Capital stock paid in, $1,000,000; surplus 
 fund, $500,000; undivided profits, $100,606.32; National bank notes outstand- 
 ing, $115,045; individual deposits subject to check, $1,684,572.36; demand 
 certificates of deposit, $43,628.40; certified checks, $45,417.78; cashier's 
 checks outstanding, $50,190; United States deposits, $282,499.22; deposits of 
 U. S. disbursing officers, $14,238.72; due to other National banks, $938,105.- 
 30; due to State banks and bankers, $949,678.13— $4,008,329.91; total. $5,723,- 
 981.23. Directors— Ebenezer Buckingham, Edward E. Ayer, William F. 
 Dummer, Marshall M. Kirkman and Franklin H. Head. Location of banking 
 house, La Salle and Adams Streets. 
 
 Oakland National Bank. —Officers: President, Horace B. Taylor; vice- 
 president, Arthur W. Allyn; cashier, J. J. Knight. Directors: John R. 
 Walsh, Horace B. Taylor, D. Harry Hammer, J. J. Knight, Arthur W. 
 Allyn, William A. Hammond, D. H. Kochersperger. 
 
 Prairie State National Bank. — Officers: President, James W.Scoville; 
 vice-president, George Woodland; cashier, George Van Zandt. Directors — 
 B. F. Homer, William Hafner, H. J. Evans, George Woodland, M. C. Bul- 
 lock, George Van Zandt, James W. Scoville. 
 
150 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Union National Bank. — Organized December, 1863. Present officers — 
 John J. P. Odell, president; David Kelley, vice-president; August Blum, 
 cashier; W. O. Hip well, assistant cashier. Resources — Loans and discounts, 
 $6,210,437.71; United States bonds to secure circulation, par value, $50,- 
 000; other stocks, bonds and mortgages, $831,225.09; furniture, fix- 
 tures and real estate. $11,500; due from banks, $1,579,525 94; exchanges 
 for clearing house $733,760.2 L; cash, $1,931,548.60— $4,244, 834.75; due from 
 United States treasurer, $10,250; total $11,358,247.55. Liabilities: Capital 
 stock, paid in, $2,000,100; surplus fund, $700,000; undivided profits, $80,- 
 640.79; reserved for taxes, $37,662.74; national bank notes outstanding, 
 $44,100; deposits, individual, $4,055,08^.38; deposits, banks, $4,440,755.64; 
 $8,495,844.02; Total, $11,358,247.55. The directors are C. R. Cummin^s, 
 J. H. Barker, H. N. May, David Kelley, O. C. Barber, S. K. Martin, S. B. 
 Barker, D. B. Dewey, J'. J. P. Odell. The Union National has been especially 
 favored in having had for its presidents some of Chicago's ablest and most 
 experienced financiers, and to this is mostly due the bank's prompt rush 
 to the front line of the city banks and its maintenance of that position 
 for so many years. The first president was William F. Coolbaugh, who at 
 his death, which occurred in November, 1877, was succeeded by Calvin T. 
 Wheeler. On the expiration of its original charter December 30, 1884, the 
 Union National Bank was re-organized, and under its new charter, W. C. D. 
 Grannis was chosen president, and J. J. P. Odell, vice-president. Mr. C. 
 R. Cummings was made president in 1886, but took no active part in the 
 management of the bank. Upon his retirement Mr. J. J. P. Odell became 
 president, and has continued in that position up to the present date. Mr. 
 Odell has been identified with the banking business of Chicago since 1865, 
 and for twenty-four years has been connected with the Union National, hav- 
 ing entered its service in 1866, as bookkeeper, and in the interval filled 
 almost every intermediate position of responsibility in the bank. In 
 amount of deposits the place of the Union National at the present time is in 
 the second group averaging $9,750,000. Location of banking house, north- 
 east corner of La Salle and Adams streets, Home Insurance building. 
 
 BANKING INSTITUTIONS— STATE AND PRIVATE. 
 
 Adolph Loeb & Bro., Bankers. — Established over thirty-three years ago, 
 since which time the house has been doing an extensive mortgage loan, real 
 estate and general banking business. The house was founded by Adolph Loeb, 
 and shortly afterward he associated with himself his brother William. Two 
 years ago Julius Loeb and Edward G. Pauling were admitted into the firm. 
 Loeb & Bro. are bankers of large capital and the very highest standing in 
 Chicago commercial circles. 
 
 Avenue Savings Bank. — Location Thirty-first street and Michigan avenue. 
 This institution is owned by George L. Magill, its president, and Louis Krame, 
 its cashier. It pays interest to savings depositors. 
 
 American Trust and Savings Bank. — Organized under the laws of the 
 State of Illinois, 1889; capital, $1,000,000; surplus, $150,000. Present 
 officers — G. B. Shaw, president Franklin H. Head, vice-president; J. R. 
 Chapman, cashier; W. L. Moyer, assistant cashier. Directors: William J. 
 Watson, T. W. Harvey, Adolph Krnus, Franklin H. Head, S. A. Maxwell, 
 J. H. Pearson, C. T. Trego, Ferd W. Peck, William Deering, G. B. Shaw, 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 151 
 
 V. A. Watkins, E. L. Lobdell, C. T. Nash, Joy Morton, George E. Wood, 
 William Kent, S. A. Kent. Location of banking house, Owings building, 
 Dearborn and Adams streets. 
 
 Bank of Commerce.— Incorporated March 9, 1891, as successor to the 
 private banking house of Felsenthal, Gross & Miller ; capital stock paid up, 
 $500,000. Location, 108 La Salle street. The business of the private bank 
 had increased so that the firm felt it incumbent on them to join the clearing 
 house, and consequently increased their capital to the required amount, 
 $500,000. The officers of the State Bank of Illinois are among the most sub- 
 stantial and reputable citizens of Chicago. Herman Felsenthal, president ; 
 Jacob Gross, vice-president ; Fred Miller, cashier. Directors : Adam Miller, 
 Jacob Gross, Herman Felsenthal, Adolph Loeb, S. M. Fischer, Jacob Birk, 
 K. G. Schmidt. L. Loewenstein, Samuel Woolner, Charles F. Miller, Eli B. 
 Telsenthal, Morris Beifeld, Jacob Spielmann. 
 
 Bctnk of Montreal. — William Monroe, manager; E. M. Shadbolt, assistant 
 cashier. 
 
 Calm and Straus?, Bmkers. — Do a general commercial business, making 
 specialties of government bonds, local securities and foreign exchange. 
 Location of banking house, 128 La Salle street. 
 
 Central Trust and Savings Bank. — Present location Washington st. and 
 Fifth avenue. Cost Capital, $200,000. In banking department receives 
 deposits subject to check. In savings department receives deposits of $1.00 
 and upward, 4 percent per annum. Officers : William A. Paulien, 1st vice- 
 president ; F. P. Burgett, 2d vice president ; Charles Sparre, cashier. 
 Directors. Wm. A. Paulsen, late of Paulsen & Sparre, Bankers; Chas. 
 Sparre, late of Paulsen & Sparre, Bankers; E. Jennings, Pres. of E. Jennings 
 Co. ; Frank A. Smith, Manufacturer ; W. A. Mason, of Jas. H. Walker & 
 Co., Dry Goods ; W. M. R. Vose, Real Estate and Loans ; Jas. Frake, Attor- 
 ney ; James H. Channon, of H. Channon Co., Ship Chandlers ; Wm. Hill, 
 Mortgage Loans; J. W. Byers, Com. Merchant, Stock Yards; Gorham B. 
 Coffin, of Coffin Devoe & Co., Paints. [The building at present occupied by 
 this bank is to be torn down Future location unknown at this writing.] 
 
 Charles Ilenrotin, Banker and Broker. — One of the founders of the Chi- 
 cago Stock Exchange, and one of the heaviest brokers in local and outside 
 stocks in Chicago. A promoter of some of the largest enterprises of the 
 times. Location of banking house, 169 Dearborn street. 
 
 Chicago Trust and Savings Bank. — Under the supervision of the State of 
 Illinois, organized May, 1885; capital paid in, $400,000 Present officers — D. 
 H. Tolman, president; P. E Jennison, cashier. Location of banking house, 
 northeast corner of Washington and Clark sts. [N. B. — This banking house 
 has been the subject of a vast amount of most unfavorable criticism. Its 
 president, D. H. Tolman, has been frequently charged with, and sued in the 
 courts for, alleged unfairness in business and sharp practice in dealing with 
 his clients.] 
 
 Corn Exchange B%nk. —Organized 1872, re-organized 1879; capital, 
 $1,000,000; surplus, $1,000,000. Present officers— Charles L. Hutchinson, 
 president; Ernest A. Hamill, vice-president; Frank W. Smith, cashier. 
 Directors — Charles L. Hutchinson, Byron L. Smith, Charles Counselman, 
 Sidney A. Kent. John H. Dwight, Edwin G. Foreman, Ernest A. Hamill, 
 Charles H. Wacker, B. M. Frees, Charles H. Schwab. Edward B. Butler. 
 
152 GUIDE TO CHICAGO* 
 
 The Com Exchange is one of the great banking houses of the city, and for 
 over eighteen years has ranked among the leading financial institutions of 
 the West. Location of banking house, Rookery building, Adams and La 
 Salle streets. 
 
 Dime Savings Bank.— Organized under State supervision ; incorporated 
 April, 1869. Present officers — Samuel G. Bailey, president, merchant ; 
 W. C. D. Grannis, vice-president, president Atlas National bank; Eugene 
 Gary, insurance, Rialto building; C. B. Farwell, merchant and Unittd 
 States Senator; A. R. Barnes, printer, 68 and 70 Wabash avenue; W. M. 
 Van Nortwick, paper manufacturer, Batavia, III.; L. R. Giddings, mortgage-, 
 Chamber of Commerce building; G. F. Swift, packer, Union Stock Yards; 
 Wm. Kelsey Reed, treasurer. This is exclusively a savings bank, and ranks 
 high among Chicago's financial institutions. Location of banking house and 
 safety vaults, 104-106 Washington street. 
 
 E. S. Dreyer & Co., Bankers. — Established over twenty years ago, and 
 one of the leaning banking houses of the city. The firm is composed of E. S. 
 Dreyer and Robert Berger. A specialty is made of mortgage loans, though 
 the house does a general banking business. Location, northeast corner of 
 Dearborn and Washington sts. 
 
 Farmers' Trust Company . — Present officers — R. Sayer, president ; Josiah 
 L. Lombard, vice-president and treasurer. Capital $100,000. Location of 
 banking house, 112 Dearborn street. 
 
 Foreman Bros., Bankers. — Founded thirty years ago, by the father of the 
 present proprietors of the house, Edwin G. Foreman and Oscar G. Foreman. 
 A banking institution that has maintained a high standing through the ad- 
 verse as well as prosperous times in Chicago history, for over a quarter of a 
 century. Foreman Bros, receive deposits, buy and sell martgages and other 
 investment securities, and make a specialty of loanson real estate. Location 
 of banking house, 128 and 130 Washington st., near Chamber of Commerce, 
 opp >site City Hall. 
 
 Globe Savings Bank. — Organized 1890 Capital paid in $200,000. Savings 
 accounts bear interest at 4 per cent, per annum. Four interest days each 
 year — January 1st, April 1st, July 1st, October 1st. Deposits on or before 
 the 4th of the month bear interest from the 1st. C. W. Spalding, president; 
 Edward Hayes, vice-president; J. P. Atgeld, second vice-president; W. S. 
 Loomis, assistant cashier. 
 
 Greenebaum Sons, B takers.— Founded by EliasGreenebaum thirty-seven 
 years ago. The present firm consists of Ellas Greenbaum. H. E. Greenebaum, 
 M. E. Greenebaum and James E. Greenebaum. The house transacts a very 
 large banking business and makes a specialty of loans and real estate. The 
 bank occupies the main floor of 116 and 118 Lasalle street, Mercantile build- 
 ing. Greenebaum Sons' bank has occupied an important place in the growth 
 aud development of the city. Thousands of buildings, from the neat resi- 
 dence to the business block, have been erected primarily by funds obtained 
 through this firm. Drafts and letters of credit issued on all European cities. 
 
 Guarantee Company of North America. —Read office, Montreal, Canada. 
 Chicago directors— L. J. Gage, vice-president, First National Bank ; R. R. Cable, 
 president C, R. I. & P. R. R.; the Hon. J. Russell Jones, ex-president 
 West Side Ry.; C. T. Wheeler, ex-president Continental National Bank; E. 
 Nelson Blake, ex-president Board of Trade. Capital and resources $1 079 - 
 574. Office, 175 La Salle street. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 153 
 
 Hibernian Banking Association. — Organized 1867. One of the most sub- 
 stantial banking houses in the city; capital, $222,000 ; undivided profits, $293,- 
 095.81. Present officers— J. V. Clarke, president ; Charles F. Clark, vice- 
 president ; Hamilton B. Dox, cashier. Directors— J. V. Clarke, Hamilton B. 
 Dox, James R. McKay, Henry B. Clarke, Thomas Lonergan, Charles F. 
 Clark, J. V. Clarke, Jr., Louis B. Clark. Location of banking house, Clark 
 and Lake streets. 
 
 Illinois Trust and Savings Bank. — Organized under the laws of the State 
 of Illinois, August, 1887. Capital stock paid in, $l,0u0,000; surplus, $1,000,- 
 000; additional liabilities of its stockholders, $l,0b0,000; total amount pledged 
 for the security of depositors, $3,000,000. Present officers — John J. Mitchell, 
 president; John B. Drake, vice-president; William H. Mitchell, 2d vice-presi- 
 dent; W. H. Reid, 3d vice-president; James S. Gibbs, cashier; B. M. Chattel, 
 assistant cashier. Directors — L. Z. Leiter, William G. Hibbard, John B. 
 Drake, John J. Mitchell, John McCaffery, J. C. McMullin, W. H. Reid, 
 William H. Mitchell, D. B. Shipman. Among the stockholders of the bank 
 are the wealthiest capitalists and merchants of Chicago, including L.Z. Leiter, 
 J. Russell Jones, Marshall Field, Albert Keep, Philip D. Armour, Robert 
 Law, J. C. McMullin. Following is a statement of the bank's resources and 
 liabilities: Resources— -Bonds and stocks, $1,440,816.50; real estate, $26,291.34; 
 current expenses paid, $25,314.61; cash and exchange, $2,856,178.05; loans on 
 demand, $8,155,679.21; loans on time, $1,943,152.25; loans on real estate, 
 $1,817,193.32; total, $16,264,625.28. Liabilities— Capital stock, $1,000,000; 
 surplus fund, $788,916.20; undivided profits, $275,737.58; dividends unpaid, 
 $3,500; time deposits, $7,699,740.73; demand deposits, $6,496,730.77; total, 
 $16,264,625.28. The bank has savings, commercial safety deposit and trust 
 departments. Location of banking house, Rookery building, southeast 
 corner of La Salle and Adams streets. 
 
 Industrial Bank of Chicago. — Location, Blue Island avenue and Twentieth 
 streets. A savings and commercial institution. President, A. L. Chetlain; 
 first vice-president, Louis Hutt; second vice president, B. M. Hair; cashier, 
 John G. Schaar; assistant cashier, J. E. Henriques. Directors : Louis Hutt, 
 A. H. Andrews, W. O. Goodman, B. M. Hair, John G. Schaar, A. L. Chet- 
 lain, John McLaren, H. D. Cable and P. G. Dodge. 
 
 The idea of establishing this new bank originated with the leading manu- 
 facturers and lumbermen in that district, which is known as the lumber dis- 
 trict, embracing ti.e territory south of the Burlington tracks and as far west 
 as the Belt Line. It is the most important industrial district in Chicago, 
 located three miles southwest from the business center, and has a population 
 of 50,000. The need of a bank there has long been felt by the manufacturers 
 and business men. The annual output of the district, including lumber and 
 the product of the various important manufacturing interests there located, 
 amounts to over $30,000,000, while there is paid in wages to skilled and 
 unskilled labor between $7,000,000 and $9,000,000 a year. 
 
 The new bank will do a general banking business, will sell foreign and 
 domestic exchange, steamship tickets of all classes to all points in Europe, 
 issue letters of credit and accept savings accounts. General A. L. Chetlain, 
 an old and respected citizen of Chicago, is the president of the new institu- 
 tion; Louis Hutt, the well-known lumber-man, is the firstvice-presideDt; B. M. 
 Hair, of Hair & Ridgway, the second vice-president; John G. Schaar, the 
 cashier, and J. E. Henriques, the assistant cashier. Besides General Chetlain, 
 
154 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Messrs. Hutt and Hair and Cashier Schaar, the directors are: W. O. Good- 
 man, of the Sawyer-Goodman Co.; A. H. Andrews, of A. II. Andrews & Co.; 
 John McLareD, of John MasoD, Loomis & Co.; H. D. Cable, president of the 
 Chicago Cottage Organ Company, and P. G. Dodge, of P. G. Dodge & Co. 
 
 The high character of the men who have the management of the new bank 
 is a sufficient guarantee that its affairs will be administered wisely, and that 
 it will be conducted on business principles. 
 
 The elegant fire-proof building now being built for this bank will be ready 
 for them about May 1st, and will contain one of the finest safety vaults in the 
 city. 
 
 International Bank. — Organized October 21, 1868, as the International 
 Mutual Trust Company, and was changed to its present name in 1871. The 
 first officers were — Prances A.Hoffman, president; Julius Busch, vice-presi- 
 dent; and Rudolph Schloesser, cashier. Present officers — B. Loewenthal, 
 president; Leo Fox, vice-president; Bernhard Neu, cashier. Mr. Lowenthal, 
 the president, became connected with the bank in 1870. Capital, $500,000; 
 surplus January 1, 1892, $125,000. Directors — John Kranz, Louis Wambold, 
 August Bauer, B. New, Ed. Rose, Michael Brand, B. Lowenthal and Leo Fox. 
 Besides doing a general banking business, the International Bank issues cir- 
 cular letters of credits, and draws drafts on all parts of the world. The stand- 
 ing of the International is first-class. Banking house located at 110 La Salle 
 street. 
 
 Meaiowcroft Bros. , Bmrikers. — Established 1860. Located at the northwest 
 corner of Dearborn and Washington streets. This banking house offers 
 every faciity for individuals or merchants who contemplate opening an 
 account or making changes . Aside from the ordinary conveniences of hav- 
 ing banking connections, the depositor can make his selection from different 
 classes of deposit contracts, either certificates bearing interest or special de- 
 posits with interest. Those desiring safe investment for their funds can be 
 supplied with good real estate securities, or have orders for any bonds or 
 stocks executed. The bank is enabled to offer the advantages of European 
 correspondents both in buying and selling. Location of banking house, 
 northwest corner of Dearborn and Washington sts. 
 
 Merchant 's Loan and Trust Company. — Organized under the laws of the 
 State of Illinois in 1857. Capital, $2,000,000; surplus, $1,000,000; undivided 
 profits, $613,430. The trustees are— Marshall Field, C. H. McCormick, John 
 DeKoven, Albert Keep, John Tyrrell, Lambert Tree, J. W. Doane, P. L. 
 Yoe, George M. Pullman, A. H. Burley, E. T. Watkins, Erskine M. Phelps, 
 Orson Smith. Present officers — J. W. Doane, president; P. L. Yoe, vice- 
 president; Orson Smith, second vice-president; F. C. Osborn, cashier. 
 This is the oldest and one of the greatest banking houses in Chicago. 
 " Long " John Wentworth was one of the original incorporators, and through- 
 out the latter part of his life was active in the banks's interest. The Mer- 
 chants' Loan and Trust Company does the general work of a modern Trust 
 company and that of a bank of discount as well. 
 
 Milwaukee Avenue State Bank. — Location Milwaukee Avenue and Car- 
 penter street. Take Milwaukee avenue cable line. Capital, $250,000. 
 Successor to the banking house of Paul O. Stensland & Co., the leading 
 financial institution of the northwestern section of the city. The former 
 bank had built up a very large business with the tradespeople of Milwaukee 
 
THE EH«YCL0PEDIA. 155 
 
 avenue 011 the great manufacturing concerns contiguous to that important 
 thoroughfare. For this reason it became necessary to increase its capital 
 stock and facilities, and an organization under the State banking laws was 
 effected on September 15, 1891, when the Milwaukee Avenue State Bank was 
 incorporated. The officers of the bank are, president, Paul O. Stensland; 
 vice-president, Andrew C. Lausten; cashier, Charles E. Schlytern; attorney, 
 Donald L. Morill. Directors— John P. Hanson, F. H. Herhold, William 
 Johnson, M. A. LaBuy, A. C. Lausten, John McLaren, Thomas Gt. Morris, 
 John Schermann, John Smulski, Paul O. Stensland and Soren D. Thorson. 
 The stockholders are all representative business and professional men. 
 Among the more prominent are: Franklin S. Anderson, of John Anderson 
 Publishing Co.; John P. Hansen, cigar manufacturer; F. Herhold & Sons, 
 chair manufacturers; A. J. Johnson & Sons, furniture manufacturers; William 
 Johnson, Vessel owner; Peter Kiolbassa, city treasurer; Andrew C Lausten, 
 president Northwestern Lead & Oil Co.; Richard Prendergast, attorney; 
 Morris Rosenfeld. capitalist; Jesse Spalding, president Spalding Lumber 
 Co.; Paul O. Stensland, Soren D. Thorson, of Central Manufacturing Co, 
 and John R. Walsh, president Chicago National Bank. The following 
 figures show the condition of the business of the bank in January of the 
 present year. Assets; loans and discounts, $458,869.16; furniture, fixtures 
 and lease, $10,201.50; due from banks, $83,250.29; cash on hand, $56,163.71; 
 total, $608,484.66. Liabilities: capital stock, $250,000; undivided profits, 
 $5,237.03; individual deposits, $216 393 68; savings deposits, $136,853.95; 
 total, $353,24^.63; grand total, $608,484.66. 
 
 This bank does a general business and in addition has a savings depart- 
 ment. Teachers, clerks, artisans and wage-woikers generally, will find*this 
 a convenient aod safe place for their savings. Deposits received in this 
 department in amquntsof one dollar and upwards, and interest allowed at 
 the usual rates. This bank sells exchange and money orders on foreign 
 countries at the lowest market rates. Drafts, payable on demand, drawn on 
 all principal cities in Europe, and remittances made to any address without 
 risk to the purchaser. Foreign money bought and sold. Connected with 
 this bank are the Milw aukee avenue Safe Deposit Vaults, where private 
 boxes for the safe keeping of documents and other valuables, are rented at- 
 $5.00 per year. Eutrance through the bank. The high standing and popu- 
 larity of the president of the bank in his capacily of a private citizen, brings 
 to the institution, of* which he is the head, the confidence of the public. Mr. 
 Stensland's time is given almost wholly to the conduct of this institution, and 
 it gives promise of ranking among the great banking houses of the city before 
 very long. 
 
 Northern Trust Company. — Organized under the jurisdiction and super- 
 vision of the State of Illinois, August, 1889. Capital fully paid in $1,000,- 
 000. Present officers — B. L. Smith, president; Charles L. Hutchinson, vice- 
 presi'dent; Arthur Heurtley, cashier; Frank L. Hawkev, assistant cashier. 
 Directors — A. C. Bartlett, J. Harley Bradley, H. N. Higinbotham, Marvin 
 Hughitt, Charles L. Hutchinson, A. O. Slaughter, Martin A. Ryerson, 
 Alhert A. Sprague, B. L. Smith. Location of banking house. Chamber of 
 Commerce building, southeast corner of Washington and La Salle stieets. 
 
 Peabody, Houghteling & Co., 59 Dearborn street, Investment Bankers. — 
 Some years before the great fire of 1871 the extensive business done by this 
 firm in mortgage loans upon real estate in Cook couuty had its origin Mr. 
 
156 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Benjimin E. Gallup was associated with Mr. Peabodv in the business, under 
 the firm name of Gallup & Peabody, until 1875 or 1876. The firm earned a 
 high reputation for ability and conservatism, and enjoyed the confidence of a 
 large list of investors. From and after January, 1876, Mr. Gallup's connec- 
 tion with the business having terminated, the business was conducted under 
 the firm name of Francis B. Peabody & Co. Mr. James L. Houghteling 
 became a partner in the business January 1, 1885, and since the name of the 
 house has been as indicated in the caption of this sketch. Their business has 
 kept pace with the growth of the city, and they are now reputed to do the 
 leading business in mortgage loans in this city. 
 
 They are known to exercise the greatest care in the valuations of real 
 estate offered for loans, in the examination of title and in ascertaining the 
 character and responsibility of borrowers. By reason of their long expe- 
 rience, fair dealing, promptness and available capital, they are enabled in all 
 conditions of the money market to select the best securities and to deal with 
 the most responsible class of borrowers. They have contributed very largely 
 in making loans upon Chicago property the most popular and desirable of 
 investments. 
 
 Their clientage, already very extensive, is rapidly growing, and embraces 
 some of the most prominent financial and educational institutions, both in the 
 East and in Chicago. The first mortgages (principal and interest payable in 
 gold) they have constantly in hand are bought largely for the investment of 
 trust funds, where safety and a fair rate of interest can be combined. . 
 
 Peterson & Bay, Bankers. — Established 1873. Andrew Peterson and Geo. 
 P. Bay, owners; deal in investment securities, foreign exchange, mortgage 
 loans, make collections and do a general real estate business. Location of 
 banking house — Southwest corner La Salle and Randolph sts. 
 
 Prairie State Savings and Trust Company. — Organized February 22, 1861, 
 with a capital of $100,000; increased to $200,000 October 8, 1890; present 
 officers, Charles B. Scoville, president ; George Van Zandt, vice-president ; 
 George Woodland, cashier. Location of banking house — 45 South Des- 
 plaines st. 
 
 Pullman Loan and Savings Bank. — Located at Pullman, Chicago. 
 Officers: George M. Pullman, president: Edward F. Bryant, secretary; 
 directors. George M. Pullman, Marshall Field, Stephen F." Gale, John W. 
 Doane, Geo. F. Brown, C. R. Cummings, John DeKoven. G. Vandersyde 
 and James Chase. Statement of condition, January 1, 1892: Resources: 
 Loans and discounts, $509,982.69 ; due from banks and depositories, $'92,- 
 926 26; real estate, furniture and fixtures, $2,827.82; cash, $48,939.74. Total 
 resources, $754,676.51. Liabilities: Capita], $100,000; surplus, $50,000; profit 
 and loss, $7,449.16; dividend unpaid, $3,000; deposits, commercial, $174,- 
 598.34; deposits, savings, $419,629.01. Total liabilities, $754,676.51. 
 
 Slaughter, A. 0. & Co.— Located at 111-113 La Salle street (Chamber of 
 Coaunerce building); A. O. Slaughter and William V. Baker, proprietors. 
 Mr. Slaughter has been in business here for over twenty-five years, and is 
 considered the best informed authority on railroad bonds and stocks in the 
 city. Mr. Baker is of the old firm of Baker & Parmele. which started as 
 bankers and brokers in 1886. Mr. Parmele died in May, 1890. The firm of 
 A. O Slaughter & Co. was established in July, 1890. Tin's house ranks 
 among the most solid and reliable institutions oi' Chicago. Mr. Slaughter's 
 prominence in social and business circles is indicative of the high estimation 
 

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CHICAGO AS IT IS. 157 
 
 in which he is held on all sides. Mr. Baker takes a foremost position among 
 the skillful bank executives of the city. The management of the finances of 
 many great enterprises and of many great estates has been intrusted to this 
 firm during recent years. It is considered one of the mosi carefully conducted 
 private banking establishments in the country. 
 
 ScJiaffner & Co., Bankers. — Established January, 1878. One of the 
 largest and most responsible private banking houses in the country. Herman 
 Sehaffntr and A. G. Becker, proprietors and managers. Makes a specialty of 
 haudling commercial paper and dealing with manufacturing and business 
 firms. Annual business transacted, about $35,000,000. Its business is confined 
 to the securities and paper of this country, but it has extensive foieign deal- 
 ings as well. The firm has few equals in the amount of the actual moneyed 
 transactions made in any of the Eastern cities. The successful handling of 
 the immense amount of paper as shown by a single year's businesses as 
 highly gratifying as it is commendatory of the financial ability and acumen of 
 the members of the firm. 
 
 Security, Loan and Savings Bank, — Organized August, 1886. Capital, 
 $100,000. Present officers— E. R. Walker, president; D. Rankin, cashier. 
 Location of banking house, 127 La falle Street. 
 
 State Bank of Chicago. — Located at the northeast corner of La Salle and 
 Lake streets (Marine building). Formerly the private banking house of Hau- 
 gan & Lindgren, established originally 1879. Xew bank established February 
 10,1891. Cash capital, $500,000. Officers: H. A. Haugan, president; John H. 
 Dwight, vice-president; John R. Lindgren, cashier. Directors: Thomas 
 Murdoch, A. P. Johnson, H. C. Durand, A. Jurgens, J. M. Larimer, Charles 
 L. Hutchinson, Theo. Freeman, John H. Dwight, P. S. Peterson, H. A. 
 Haugan, John R. Lindgren. The last report of the bank shows the following 
 as its condition Dec. 31, 1891: Loans and discounts, $1,543,957.69; bonds. 
 $12,992.47; furniture and fixtures, $5,800; cash and due from banks, $503,- 
 589.01; total resources, ($2,066,339.17; liabilities— cash capital, $500,000; 
 undivided profits, $50,868.37; deposits, $1,515,470.80; total liabilities. $2,066,- 
 339.17. 
 
 Union Trust Company. — Organized under the laws of the State of Illinois, 
 April 20, 1870. Present officers — S. W. Rawson, president; E. F. Pulsifer, 
 vice-president; G. M. Wilson, cashier; F. L. Wilk, assistant cashier. J. H. 
 Pearson and James Longley, in addition to the above, constitute the Directory. 
 Capital and surplus, $1,000,000. Location of banking house, northeast 
 corner of Madison and Dearborn streets. 
 
 Western Trust and Savings Bank. — Organized under the name of 
 Western Investment Bank, in 1884. Reorganized under its present name, 
 January, 1890. Present officers— William Holgate, president; E. Jennings, 
 vice-president; William P. Kimball, second vice-president. Capital, $100,. 
 000. Location of banking house, Washington street and Fifth ave. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 There are many beautiful burying grounds within the present corporate 
 limits of the city, and in the immediate suburbs. There are no old grave- 
 yards, or church-yards, such asmaybe seen in the cities and towns of Europe, 
 or in the older cities of this continent, within the business district. The 
 only remains of a cemetery to be seen in the old city is the tomb of the Couch 
 family, which still holds its place in Lincoln Park, a great portion of which 
 
153 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 covers the site of an old graveyard. [See Lincoln Park.] There are no 
 church-yards in existence in any part of the West. The difterent ceme- 
 teries, together with the means of reaching them, are pointed out below. 
 
 Anshe Maariv Cemetery.— Located at North Clark st. and Belmont ave. 
 Take Evanston Division of Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad or 
 North Clark st. cable line. 
 
 Austro- Hungarian Cemetery .—Located at Waldheim, 10 miles from the 
 City Hall. Take train at Grand Central depot, \ia Chicago and Northern 
 Pacific railroad. Train leaves at 12:01 p. m. daily, including Sundays, run- 
 ning direct to the new cemetery station, immediately adjoining Waldheim, 
 Forest Home aud the J ewish Cemeteries. [See Waldheim Cemetery .] 
 
 Beth Hamedrash Cemetery.— Located at Oakwoods, Sixty-seventh st. and 
 Cottage Grove ave. Take Cottage Grove ave. cable line or Illinois Central 
 train, foot of Randolph or Van Buren st. [See Oakwoods Cemetery.] 
 
 B'nai Abraham Cemetery .—Located one-half mile south of Waldheim, 
 nine and one-half miles from the City Hall. Take train at Grand Central 
 depot, via Chicago and Northern Pacific railroad. Trains leave at 12:01 
 daily, including Sundays. [See Waldheim Cemetery.] 
 
 B'nai Shilom Cemetery.— ■Located on North Clark st. and Graceland ave. 
 Take North Clark st. cable line, or Evanston Division of CM. ago, Milwau- 
 kee & St. Paul railroad. 
 
 Calvary Cemetery. — Located south of and adjoining the village of South 
 Evanston, ten miles from the City Hall. Take train at Wells St. depot, via 
 Chicago & North-Western railway, or at Union depot, via Evanston Division 
 of Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad. This is the largest and oldest 
 of the Roman Catholic cemeteries. It is situated beautifully, fronting Sheri- 
 dan road and Lake Michigan. The cemetery is laid out with great taste. 
 There are many costly and handsome tombs and monuments to be seen here. 
 Among the latter is one erected to the memory of Colonel Mulligan, the hero 
 of Lexington. The tombs of the leading Roman Catholic families of Chicago 
 are located here. This burying ground was consecrated in 1861. The inter- 
 ments have exceeded 25,000. Trains leave on both lines for Calvary at brief 
 intervals daily, including Sundays. 
 
 Cemetery of the Congregation of the North Side. — Located at Waldheim, 
 ten miles from the City Hall. Take train at Grand Central depot, via 
 Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. Trains leave at 12:01 daily, including 
 Sundays. 
 
 Chebra Gemilath Chasadim Ubikar Cholim Cemetery. — Located on N. 
 Clark St., south of Graceland Cemetery. Take train on Evanston Division of 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad, or N. Clark street cable line. [See 
 Graceland Cemetery.] 
 
 Chebra Kadisha Ubikar Cholim Cemetery. — Located on N. Clark st., south 
 of Graceland Cemetery. Take train on Evanston Division of Chicago, Mil- 
 waukee & St. Paul railroad, or N. Clark street cable line. [See Graoeland 
 Cemetery.] 
 
 Concordia Cemetery. — Located about nine miles west of the City Hall on 
 Madison st., beside the Desplaines river. [See Forest Home Cemetery.] 
 
 Forest Home Cemetery. — Located about nine miles west of the City Hall 
 on Madison st., beside the Desplaines river. Concordia Cemetery adjoins 
 

 THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 159 
 
 this burying ground. Take train at Grand Central depot, via Chicago & 
 Northern Pacific railroad. Its eighty acres comprise a portion of the giound 
 once constituting Haase's park, a noted resort of its day. This cemetery is 
 beautifully situated and laid out with great taste. Theinteimeiiis in Foiest 
 Home Cemetery and Concordia Cemetery combined have numbered about 
 15,000. 
 
 Free Sons of Israel Cemetery. — Located at Waldhum, ten miles from the 
 City Hall. Take train at Grand Central depot, via Chicago & Northern 
 Pacific railroad. [See Waldheim Cemetery .] 
 
 German Lutheran Cemetery— L cated on N. Clark St., se. cor. of Grace- 
 land ave. Take N. Clark street cable line. This cemetery belongs to the Si. 
 Paul and Emanuel Luthern Churches". 
 
 Graceland Cemetery. — Located on North Clark street, five miles from the 
 City Hall. Take train at Union depot, via Evanston Division Chicago, Mil- 
 waukee & St. Paul railroad for Buena Park, the beautiful station ol which 
 suburb faces the main entrance of the cemetery, or take the North Clark, street 
 cable line. Better still, the visitor will enjoy a magnificent carriage ride by 
 way of the North Side Water Works, Lake Shore Drive, Lincoln Park, 
 through Lake View and some of the most charming of the Northern suburbs, 
 to this cemetery. The Gracelanu Cemetery Com) any was organized under a 
 special charter in 1861. William B. Ogden, Edwin H. Sheldon, Thomas B. 
 Bryan, Sidney Sawyer, and George A. Healy being the first incorporators. 
 The charter confers ample powers for the maintenance and preservation of 
 the cemetery. All burial lots are declared exempt from taxation, and from 
 execution and attachment; no street or thoroughfare c^.n be laid out through 
 the cemetery; nor can any part of the grounds be condemned for right of way 
 by any other corporation for any purpose whatever. Undei the charter ten 
 per cent, of the gross proceeds of all sales of burial lots are set apart as a sink- 
 ing fund for the perpetual maintenance of ihe cemetery gr< unds. This fund 
 is held and managed by trustees elected by the lot holders, and is under their 
 sole control. These trustees are also authorized to take any granl or bequest 
 in trust, and to apply the same in such manner as the donoi or testator may 
 prescribe, for the care or embellishment of any particular lots. Save for the 
 building of a receiving vault, nothing has been taken from the general sink- 
 ing fund during thirty years; and this fund at the past rate of increase will, 
 within a few years, reach $250,000; w T hich sum the trustees propose to retain 
 as a permanent capital, whereof the income shall be devoted to the purposes 
 of their trust. The trustees of this fund will be recognized as among Chi- 
 cago's most prominent and houored citizens, viz : William Blair, J. W. 
 McGenniss, Daniel Thompson, E. W. Blatchford, George C. Walker, Hiram 
 Wheeler, Edwin H. Sheldon, Jerome Beecher, A. J. Averill, John De 
 Koven, Henry W. King; Hiram Wheeler, president: Edwin H. Sheldon, vice- 
 president; Jerome Beecher, treasurer; George C. Walker, secretary. The 
 site of Graceland is admirably adapted for a burial ground. It extends for 
 a mile along an elevated and handsome ridge, whose natural beauty has 
 been enhanced by every appliance of taste and art. The superintendent, 
 O. C. Simonds, is an accomplished landscape gardener and civil engin- 
 eer, and under his direction Graceland will bear comparison with any 
 cemetery in the United States. Stone coping, hedges and side-paths are 
 dispensed with. The entire planting is done under the direction of the 
 superintendent, and each section resembles a beautiful lawn covered with 
 
160 GUIDE 10 CHICAGO. 
 
 green turf and dotted with shrubs and graceful trees. In this City of the 
 Dead the voices of Nature breathe comfort into the hearts of me sorrowful, 
 and whisper of hope and consolation. The cemetery has become a garden 
 whose beauty renders less sombre the solemn associations of the tomb. If the 
 mourner sees in the flowers which are laid upon the new-made grave an 
 emblem of the cherished form which is buried from his sight, he also sees in 
 the blossoms which bloom around him the emblem of its resurrection. 
 
 Hebrew Benevolent Society Cemetery, — Located South of Graceland Ceme- 
 tery and may be reached in a similar manner. 
 
 Moses Montefiore Cemetery. — Located at Waldheim, ten miles from the 
 City Hall. [See Waldheim Cemetery.] 
 
 Mount Greenwood Cemetery. — Located one-half mile west of Morgan 
 Park, a suburb, fourteen miles south of the City Hall. Take trains at the Van 
 Buren Street depot, via Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway. 
 
 Mount Hope Cemetery. — Projected; to be located at Washington Heights, 
 south of the city. 
 
 Mount Olive Cemetery. — Located at Dunning, nine miles west of the City 
 Hall. Take train at Union depot, via Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul rail- 
 road. This is a beauciful cemetery and is the burying-place of Scandinavian 
 families. The secretary and treasurer is Mr. Paul O. Stensland. 
 
 Mount Olivet Cemetery. — Located one-half mile west of the suburb of 
 Morgan Park. Take train at Dearborn station, via Chicago & Grand Trunk 
 railway. 
 
 Oakwoods Cemetery. — Located on Sixty-seventh street and Cottage Grove 
 avenue. Take Illinois Central railroad, foot of Randolph or Van Buren 
 street, or Cottage Grove avenue cable line. This cemetery was laid out in 
 1864. It includes 200 acres of ground beautifully laid out on the "lawn 
 plan." A charming drive to the cemetery is via Michigan and Grand boule- 
 vards and Washington Park. This, Rosehill and Graceland are the three 
 prominent native Protestant burying grounds of the city. 
 
 Ohavey Emunah Cemetery. — Located at Waldheim, ten miles from the 
 City Hall. Take traiu at Grand Central depot, via Chicago & Northern Pacific 
 railroad. Trains leave at 12:01 p. m. daily, including Sundays. [See Wald- 
 heim Cemetery.] 
 
 Ohavey Seholom Cemetery. — Located at Oakwoods, Sixty-seventh street 
 and Cottage Grove avenue. Take Cottage Grove Avenue cable line or Illi- 
 nois Centraltrain, foot of Randolph or Van Buren street. [See Oakwoods 
 Cemetery.] 
 
 Rosehill Cemetery. — Located seven miles northeast of the City Hall. 
 Take train at Wells Street depot, via Milwaukee Division of Chicago & 
 North-Western railroad. The Rosehill Cemetery Company was chartered 
 February 11, 1859. This burying ground covers at present about 500 acres, 
 but extensions can be made. Two hundred additional acres have already been 
 platted and improved. It i3 the most beautiful cemetery in the vicinity of 
 Chicago and contains many handsome and costly tombs and monuments, the 
 most prominent of the latter being the soldiers' monument at the head of the 
 main avenue. Large numbers of those who were once the leading men of the 
 city are interred here, and the inscriptions on the tombs are interesting to the 
 students of Chicago history. The green-houses and conservatories of Rose- 
 hill are very handsome f.nd extensive. The ground slopes down to the rail- 
 

 THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 161 
 
 road track and forms a beautiful landscape. It is thickly wooded with line 
 trees, and a large lake adds greatly to its beauty. This cemetery may be 
 reached easily by carriages, via Lake Shore drive, Lincoln Park, Graceland 
 and some of the most cheering of the northern suburbs. Among the things 
 which will at once strike the visitor with admiration is the handsome entrance 
 arch. 
 
 Sinai Congregational Cemetery.— Located at Rosehill. [See Rosehill 
 Cemetery.] 
 
 St. Boniface Cemetery. — Located on N. Clark st., cor. of Lawrence ave. 
 Take North Clark street cable line. This is the German Roman Catholic 
 Cemetery. 
 
 Waldheim Cemetery. — Located ten miles west of the City Hall. Take 
 train at Grand Central depot, via Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. 
 Funeral train leaves at 12:01 p. m. daily, including Sundays, running direct 
 to the new cemetery station, immediately adjoining Waldheim, Forest Home 
 and the Jewish cemeteries. Here are interred the anarchists executed for 
 connection with the Haymarket bomb-throwing. [See Haymarket Massacre.] 
 A number of burying-grounds are located in this vicinity. 
 
 Zion Congregation Cemetery. — Located at Rosehill. [See Rosehill 
 Cemetery.] 
 
 CHARITIES. 
 
 Charity aboundeth in Chicago. It is estimated that the amount volun- 
 tarily subscribed annually for charity, and in support of charitable institutions 
 in Chicago, exceeds $3,000,000. Hospitals, which are supported either by 
 public or private charity, are not included under this heading. Neither are 
 reformatory institutions. The following are the leading charitable works 
 and institutions of the city. 
 
 Recognized Charities. — Following is a list of the recognized or deserving 
 charities of the city, which includes every character of organized work, with 
 addresses: 
 
 Asylums and Homes. — American Educational Aid Society. — Finds 
 homes for children. Nursery located at 238 Sixty-sixth st. Older children 
 at Aurora, 111., till homes are found. Office, room 41, 232 La Salle st. 
 Chicago Industrial School for Girls. (Catholic.) — A home for girls from 4 to 
 18 years of age. Cor. Indiana ave. and 49th st. Chicago Nursery and Half- 
 Orphan A«ylum.— Pay and free. 175 Burling st. and 855 N. Halsted st. 
 Chicago Orphan Asylum. — 2228 Michigan ave. Children's Aid Society. — 
 Receives suitable homeless and destitute children, and places them in family 
 homes. Also finds homes for mothers with one child. Home on Indiana 
 ave., near 31st st. Office, room 44, 204 Dearborn st. Church Home for 
 Aged Persons. (Episcopal.) — Ladies only. Terms, $5.00 per week, or life 
 contract, $300. 4327 Ellis ave. Cook County Insane Asylum. — Telephone 
 4334, Dunning, 111. Cook County Poor House. — Telephone 4334, Dunning, 
 111. Application for admission should be made at the office of the County 
 Agent, 128 S. Clinton st. Danish Lutheran Orphan's Home.— Free (unless 
 friends are able to pay). 69 Perry ave., Maplewood. Erring Woman's 
 Refuge. — For the reformation of fallen women. Free. Telephone 10162, 
 5024 Indiana ave. Foundling's Home.— Free. 114 S. Wood st. German 
 
162 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Old People's Home. — both sexes. Admission, $300. Harlem, Cook Co. 
 Gurdian Angel Orphan Asylum. (German Catholic.) — Havelock P. O., Cook 
 Co. Holy Family Orphan Asylum. (Catholic.) — Cor. Holt and Division sts. 
 Home for Crippled Children. — 91 Heine st. West North avenue cars to 
 Heine st. Home for the Aged. (Catholic.) — (Little Sisters of the Poor.) Both 
 sexes. Free. 29 and 31 E. 25th st. ; W. Harrison, cor. Throop, and Sheffield 
 ave., cor. Fullerton ave. Home for Convalescents. — Convalescents are 
 boarded out in families at the rate of $5.00 per week. Address Dr. Dela- 
 field, 4333 Ellis ave. Home for the Friendless. — Temporary home for women 
 and children. Homeless and abandoned children are placed in permanent 
 homes. Telephone 8194. 1926 Wabash ave. The Chicago Relief and Aid 
 Society owns certain rights in this institution. Home for Incurables — Both 
 sexes. Pay and free. Telephone 10074; Ellis ave., cor. 56th st. Home for 
 Self-supporting Women. — All the inmates are required to pay. Tele- 
 phone 3710. 275 Indiana st. Home for Unemployed Girls. (Catholic.) — 
 House of the Good Shepherd. Market st., cor. of Elm. Home of Indus- 
 stry. — Discharged male prisoners. 234 Honore st. House of the Good 
 Shepherd. (Catholic.) — Reformatory institution for young girls. N. Market 
 st., cor. Hill. House of Providence. (Catholic.) — (Mercy Hospital.) For 
 unemployed girls. Calumet ave., cor. 26th st. Illinois Industrial School for 
 Girls. — Reformatory institution for young girls. South Evan ston, 111. Illi- 
 nois Industrial Training School for Boys. Free. Glenwood Park, 111. 
 Illinois M isonic Orphan's Home. — 447 Carroll ave. IllinoisSoldiers' Orphans' 
 Home. — Government institution. Free. Normal, 111. Illinois Women's 
 Soldiers' Home. — 1408 Wabash ave. Martha Washington Home. — For ine- 
 briate women. Telephone 12181. Graceland ave., cor. Western ave. News- 
 boys' and Bootblacks' Home. Pay and free. 1418 Wabash ave. Old 
 People's Home.— Ladies only. Admission, $300 and furniture for one room. 
 Indiana ave., cor. of 39th st. The Chicago Relief and Aid Society owns 
 twenty-five rooms in this institution, for which application maybe made at 
 its office, 51 and 53 La Salle st. Servite Sisters' Industrial Home for Girls. 
 (Catholic.) — 1396 W. Van Buren st. Soldiers' Home. — The Home is abolished, 
 but the money is distributed, by members of its Board, to old soldiers or 
 their families, at the Chicago Relief and Aid Society, 51 and 53 La Salle st. 
 St. Joseph's Asylum for Boys. (Catholic.) — Crawford ave., bet. W, Diversey 
 and W. Belmont. St. Joseph's Home for- the Friendless. (Catholic.) — An 
 industrial school and home for girls, and school for the deaf. 409 S. May st. 
 St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum. Catholic.)— Both sexes. 35th st., cor. Lake 
 ave. St. Mary's Training School for Boys. (Catholic.) —Free. Feehanville, 
 Cook Co., 111. St. Vincent's Infant Asylum and Maternity Hospital. (Cath- 
 olic.)— 191 La Salle ave. Telephone 3282 Swedish Home of Mercy.— Men 
 and Women. Free. Bowmanville, 111. The Bethany Home of the Swedish 
 M. E. Church for Aged Women. — Sheridan road and Rinn ave. Uhlich Evan- 
 gelical Lutheran Orphan Asylum. (German.)— 221 Burling st., cor. Center. 
 Waifs' Mission. — Home and School for Boys. Pay and free. 44 State st. 
 Washingtonian Home. — Men only. Pay and free. Telephone 7028. 566 
 W. Madison st. Western Seaman's Friend Society. — Sailors. Pay and free. 
 32 N. Desplaines st. Working Boys' Home and Mission of our Lady of 
 Mercy.— Pay and free. 361 W. Jackson st. Young Women's Christian Asso- 
 ciation. Good board and wholesome surroundings at a very low rate, for 
 skilled workingwomen. 288 Michigan ave. Young Women's Christian 
 Association,— Home for Transients. Nominal price or free. 362 W Jack- 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 163 
 
 son st. An agent is also sent to meet incoming trains. Employment office 
 and dispensary, 240 Wabash ave. 
 
 Free Dispensaries. — Armour Mission Dispensary, Cor. of 33d st. and 
 Armour av. Bethesda Mission Dispensary, 406 Clark st. Chicago Polyclinic 
 Dispensary, 176 E. Chicago av. Free Dispensary for the Poor. Telephone 
 8343, 2625 Dearborn st. Medical Mission Dispensary, 2242 Wentwonh av. 
 W. S. W. C. T. U. Dispensary, Hours from 2 to 4 p.m., 870 W. Madison st. 
 In addition to the above, dispensaries will be found in connection with every 
 Hospital and Medical College. 
 
 Free Employment Bureaus. — Children's Aid Society. — For boys', 
 Room 44, 204 Dearborn st. German Society. — For men, 49 La Salle st. 
 Provident Laundry of the Home for Self-Supporting Women. — Instructs laun- 
 dresses and gives employn ent to needy women. Telephone .3710. 275 E. 
 Indiana st. The Helping Hand. — For men, N. E. cor. Washington boul. 
 and Clinton st. Waifs' Mission. — For boys, 44 State st. Wood Yard of the 
 Chicago Relief and Aid Society.— For men. Telephone 3415. 395 N. Clark 
 st. Young Men's Christian Association. — For men "and. boys. Telephone 359, 
 148 Madison st. Young Women's Christian Asso. Employment found for gover- 
 nesses, book-keepers, office clerks, seamstresses, etc., room 61, 243 Wabash av. 
 
 Day Nurseries and Creches. — Bethesda Mission Creche, 406 S. Clark 
 st. Hull House Creche, 221 Ewing st. Margaret Etter Creche, 2356 Wabash 
 av. Talcot Day Nursery No. 1, 169 W. Adams st. Talcott Day Nursery 
 No 2, 581 Austin av. Unity Church Creche, 80 Elm st. 
 
 Free Nurses and Training Schools for Nurses. — Bethesda Deaconess 
 Institution (German) — Free nurses for the poor may be obtained, 30 and 32 
 Belden pi. Chicago Deaconess' Home. — Free nurses for the poor may be 
 obtained, 221 E. Ohio st. Chicago Training School. — Free, 114 Dearborn ave. 
 Clara Barton Training School for Nurses. — All pay, 3411 Cottage Grove ave. 
 Illinois-TrainiDg School for Nurses. — In connection with Cook County Hos- 
 pital, telephone 7155, 304 Honore St., near W. Harrison st. Michael Reese 
 Hospital Training School. — Twenty-ninth St., cor. of Groveland ave. Nor- 
 wegian Deaconess' Home. — Free nurses may be obtained, 190 Humboldt st. 
 Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ (Catholic). — Day nurses, pay and free, 212 
 Hudson ave. and 52 Newberry ave. Provident Hospital Training School 
 (colored). — Dearborn St., cor. of 29th. Sisters of Mary (Episcopal). — Visit 
 among the sick, 215 Washington blvd. St. Luke's Hospital Training School. — 
 1420 Wabash ave. Training School of the Hospital for Women and Chil- 
 dren. — W. Adams St., cor. of Paulina. Visiting Nurse Association. — Free 
 nurses may be obtained for poor people; North Side, telephone 3002, North- 
 west Side, telephone 4518; South Side, telephone 8166; West Side, telephone 
 7134; office, 59 Dearborn st. Woman's Hospital Training School.— 32d st., 
 nw. cor. Rhodes ave. 
 
 Hospitals.— Alexian Brothers Hospital. (Catholic). Men and boys. 
 All diseases except contagious. Pay and free. Telephone 3467. 539 N. 
 Market st. The Chicago Relief and Aid Society owns eighteen beds in 
 this Hospital, for which application may be made at its office, 51 and 53 
 LaSalle st. Augustana Hospital. (Swedish). Both sexes and all ages. 
 All diseases except contagious. Pay and free. Telephone 3022. 151 
 Lincoln ave. Baptist Hospital. Pay and free. 541 N. Halsted st. Bennett 
 Hospital. Both sexes. All pay patients. Telephone 7091. Ada St., cor. 
 
164 GUIDE TO CHCAGO. 
 
 Fulton. Chicaga Emeigency Hospital. Both sexes and all ages. All dis- 
 eases except contagious. Surgery a specialty. Pay and free. 191 Superior 
 st. Chicago Homoeopathic Hospital. Both sexes and all ages. All diseases 
 except contagious. All pay patients. Telephone 7291. S. Wood st., cor. York. 
 Chicago Hospital for Women and Children. All diseases except contagious. 
 I 'ay and free. Telephone 7071. W. Adams st., cor. Paulina. The Chicago 
 Relief and Aid Society owns twenty-five beds in this Hospital, for which 
 application may be made at its office, 51 and 53 LaSalle st. Chicago Charity 
 Hospital. Both sexes and all ages. All diseases except conlagious. All 
 patients free. 59 Plymouth Place (3d ave). Chicago Eye and Ear Infirmary. 
 Free. Tuesdays aud Thursdays, from 2 to 4 o'clock. 2813 Groveland ave. 
 Chicago Maternity Home. (Lying in Hospital.) All pay patients. Tele- 
 phone 3627. 1619 Diversey st. Chicago Polyclinic Hospital. All pay 
 patients. Telephone 3586. 176 E. Chicago ave. Cook County Hospital. 
 All ages and both sexes. All diseases. Free. Telephone 7133. W.Harrison 
 st., cor. Wood. German Hospital. Both sexes and all ages. All diseases 
 except contagious. Half its beds free. Telephone 3376. 754 Larrabee st. 
 Hahnemann Hospital. Both sexes and all ages. All diseases except conta- 
 gious. Pay and free. Telephone 8104. 2811 Groveland ave. The Chicago 
 Relief and Aid Society owns fifteen beds in this Hospital, for which applica- 
 tion may be made at its office, 51 and 53 LaSalle st. Illinois Charitable Eye 
 and Ear Infirmary. State Institution. Boarding and dispensary patients. 
 All free. Telephone 4048. 227 W. Adams st. The Chicago Relief and Aid 
 Society owns rooms for twenty patients in this Institution, for which applica- 
 tion may be made at its office, 51 and 53 LaSalle st. Lake Side Hospital. 
 Surgery a specialty. All pay patients. Telephone 10221. Marine Hospital. 
 Sailors. Government Institution. Special provision for contagious diseases. 
 Free. Telephone 12107. N. Halsted st. , near Graceland ave. Maurice Porter 
 Memorial Free Hospital for Children. 606 Fullerton ave. Mercy Hospital. (Catho- 
 olic.) Both sexesand all ages. All diseases except contagious. Pay and free. 
 Telephone 8267. Calumet ave. , cor. 26th st. The Chicago Relief and Aid Society 
 owns forty beds in this hospital, for which application may be madeatits office, 
 51 and 53 LaSalle st. Michael Reese Hospital. (Jewish.) All ages and both 
 sexes. Pay and free. Telephone 8212. 29th st., cor. Groveland ave. Na- 
 tional Temperance Hospital. All ages and both sexes. All pay patients. 
 Telephone 8341. 3411 Cottage Grove ave. Presbyterian Hospital. Both 
 sexes. All diseases except contagious. Pay and free. A convalescent De- 
 partment is attached to this Hospital. Telephone 7189. W. Congress st., 
 cor. S. Wood. Provident Hospital. (Colored.) Pay and free. S. W. cor. 
 29ih and Dearborn sts. St. Joseph Hospital. (Catholic.) Both sexes and all 
 ages. All diseases except contagious. Pay and free. Telephone 3543. 360 
 Garfield ave., cor. Burling st. The Chicago Relief and Aid Society owns 
 thirty beds in this Hospital, for which application may be made at its office, 
 51 and 53 LaSalle st. St. Luke's Free Hospital. (Episcopal.) Both sexes 
 and all ages. All diseases except contagious. Pay and free. Telephone 
 8438. 1420 Indiana ave. The Chicago Relief and Aid Society owns twenty- 
 eight beds in this Hospital, for which application may be made at its office, 
 51 and 53 LaSalle st.) St. Elizabeth Hospital. (Catholic.) Both sexes and 
 all ages. All diseases except contagious. Pay and free. Telephone 7329. 
 Davis st., cor. Thompson. West North Avenue cars to Davis st. Wesley 
 Hospital. (Methodist.) Both sexes and all ages. All diseases except conla- 
 gious. Pay and free. Telephone 2415. 355 Ohio st. Woman's Hospital of 
 

 
 
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 ° 8 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 165 
 
 Chicago. Women only. Pay and free. Telephone 8353. 32d St., cor. 
 Rhodes ave. 
 
 Missions and Miscellaneous. — Anchorage Mission. — A temporary 
 home for friendless girls, including fallen women and discharged female 
 prisoners. 125 Plymouth pi. (Third ave.) Armour Mission Industrial 
 School. — For boys and girls. (See list of Creches and Kindergartens.) Tele- 
 phone 8390. Cor. 33d st. aud Armour ave. Bethesda Mission. — Cheap lodg- 
 ing house for men. (See also list of Creches and Kindergartens.) 406 S. Clark. 
 Bureau of Justice. — Legal protection against injustice for those who aie una- 
 ble to protect themselves. 154 Lake st. Chicago Exchange for Woman's 
 Work — Work of indigent women sold at a commission of 10 per cent. Tele- 
 phone 2912. 209 Wabash ave. Citizen's League of Chicago. — Prosecutes 
 sellers of liquor to minors. Telephone 1437. Rooms 31 and 32, 116 La Salle st. 
 G. A. R. Central Relief Committee. — G. A. Soldiers, 453 S. Canal st. 
 Illinois Woman's Alliance. — First Friday of every month. Parlor O, 
 Palmer House. Immediate Aid Mission and Industrial Day School. — 
 2917 b. Clark st. Lake Geneva Fresh Air Association. — President, E. E. 
 Ayer, 481 N. State st. Lincoln Park Sanitarium. — Address Miss Harriet M. 
 Dewey, Daily News. Minnetonka Working Women's Home. — A cheap board- 
 ing house for women, 21 S. Peoria st. Protective Agency forWomen and 
 Children — -Protection and defence of the rights of women and children 
 against wrongs of any nature. Telephone 1782. 828 Opera House Bldg. 
 The Mutual Medical Aid Association. — By pa>ing $10 per year, medical 
 aid will be furnished. Telephone 2519. Room "317, Northern Office Bldg., 
 sw. cor. La Salle aud Lake sts. The Union Training School. — Industrial 
 school for boys and girls. Meets every Saturday morning. 1086 W. Lake 
 st. Unity Church Industrial School for Girls. — (See list of Creches 
 and Kindergaru -n«. 80 Elm st. Western Society for the Suppression of 
 Vice. — For the suppression of obscene literature, etc. Address H. D. Pen- 
 field, 148 La Salle sc. 
 
 Societies. — Chicago Relief and Aid Society. — Non-sectarian. Give 
 temporary aid to the better class of poor. Also owns two hundred and four 
 teen beds in private hospitals, twenty-five rooms in the Old People's Home, 
 and certain rights in the various Orphan Asylums, Newsboys' Home, Eye 
 and Ear Infirmary, Home for the Friendless, Foundling's Home, etc., etc. 
 (Grives temporary employment to men at its wood yard, through which per- 
 manent work is often found for them. Telephone 773. Office, 51 and 53 
 La Salle st. Danish Relief Society. — President, Fritz Frantzen. 296 Mil- 
 waukee ave. German Society for the Protection of Immigrants and 
 the Friendless. — Gives aid in cash and otherwise. Also finds work for 
 immigrants. 49 La Salle st. Hyde Park Relief Society. — President, 
 Mrs. George Driggs. 5361 Cornell ave. Illinois Humane Society. — For 
 the prosecution of persons guilty of cruelty to persons or animals. Telephone 
 65, room 43, Auditorium Bldg. Luxembourg Society. For Luxembourg- 
 ers only. 49 La Salle st. Norwegian Society. — Temporary aid to Norwe- 
 gians. First and third Monday in every month. President, John Blegen. 
 164 Randolph st. Russian Refugee Charity Association. — General relief 
 to Hebrew Russian Refugees. 567 S. Halsted st. Scandinavian Bethany 
 Aid Society. Second Monday of each month. Secretary, Adolf Monsen, 244 
 W. Erie st. 330 W. Indiana st. St. Andrews' Society. — Temporary aid to 
 Scots. First Thursday in February, May, August, and November. Secretary, 
 
166 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 James Duncan, Sherman House. St. Geoege's Benevolent Society.— 
 Temporary aid to stranded Englishmen. First Monday of each montb, at St. 
 George's Hall, 182 Madison. President, Alexander Cook; secretary, W. 0. Hill. 
 Svea Society. — For Swedes only. First and third Thursdays in each month. 
 Chicago ave., ne. cor. Larrabee st. Swiss Benevolent Society. — For Swiss 
 only. Second Monday of each month, at 8 p. m. Uhlich's Hall, Clark St., 
 sw. cor. Kinzie. St. Vincent de Paul Society. — A branch of this Society 
 is found in nearly every Catholic church, for the relief of its poor. The 
 Helping Hand. — Lodging House for men. They pay by sweeping streets, or 
 doing other work; ne. cor. Washington blvd. and Clinton st, United 
 Hebrew Relief Association. — Aid given in cash, and permits to the Jew- 
 ish Hospital and Jewish Orphan Asylum. Room 50, 181 La Salle st. Visita- 
 tion and Aid Society. — (Catholic.) Visit and investigate among the poor. 
 The aid given is mostly spiritual. Room 5, 124 Dearborn st. 
 
 American Educational and Aid Association. — V. B. Van Arsdale, super- 
 intendent, explains the character and scope of the organization as follows : 
 " We have 1,000 local advisory boards composed of representative citizens in 
 as many towns and communities, whom we have made known to their coun- 
 ties and committees through the local notices by the press, and through 
 notices read from the pulpits, as well as by our printed matter. A homeless 
 and needful child, as soon as it is known, is reported to some of this local 
 board, which reports the same to me as general superintendent. In the city 
 of Chicago we have local boards in the various churches, as the result of res- 
 olutions passed in their ministerial associations. Besides these local advisory 
 boards we have the co-operation of the members and friends of our associa- 
 tion and the various institutions where homeless children are sent. We send 
 these children who come to our care to the temporary Homes at Englewood 
 and Aurora. Our work is sustained by voluntary contributions. The total 
 expense of every kind for the rescue of these children and placing them in 
 families, where a large per cent, of them become worthy citizens, is less than 
 $50 per child." 
 
 The American Educational Aid Association has become familiarly known 
 as the Children's Home Society of Chicago, and the following lines have 
 been adopted as its popular symbol and motto : 
 
 Give thy mite, give golden treasure, 
 
 Freely as to child thine own ; 
 Give thy heart in loving measure : 
 Heir, o oKOri *^ find a home. 
 
 The following names appear in the list of patronesses : Mrs. John Wood- 
 bridge, Mrs. P. E. Studebaker, Mrs. H. N. May, Mrs. N. R. Cnitteuden, Mrs. 
 Francis Lackner, Mrs. Benton J. Hall, Mrs. William Dunn, Mrs. J. D. Gillett, 
 Rev. Florence E. Kollock, Mrs. Richard J. Oglesby, Mrs. John M. Palmer, 
 Mrs. E. F. Lawrence, Mrs. A. P. Miller, Mrs. G. W. Mathews, Mrs. A. C. 
 Mather, Mrs. Solomon Thatcher, Jr.; Mrs. Myra Brad well. 
 
 Following are the officers: John Woodbridge, president; Thomas Gait, 
 recording secretary; Edward F. Lawrence, treasurer. Directors: R. D. Scott, 
 F. J. Walton, N. H. Axtel, J. W. Conly, E. C. Moderwell, J. W. Allen, 
 Henry Augustine, F. M. Gregg, William T. Baker, Ferd W. Peck, E. F. 
 Lawrence, E. B. Butler, Franris Lackner, S. A. Maxwell, William H. Litch- 
 field, W. L. Tamblyu, A. II. Wheeler, Judge M. F.Tuley, Joseph Badenoch, 
 J. C. Armstrong, A. K. Perry, E. P. Savage, George K. Hoover, Fred H. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 167 
 
 Wines, D. F. Carnahan, Judge J. P. Altgeld, M. W. Haynes, F. B. Tobey, 
 J. S. Jenckes, R. W. McClaughry, Mrs. J. M. Flower, Dr. Winnie M. 
 Cowan, Dr. C. Northop. 
 
 This society has placed 1,800 children in good homes during the last 
 nine years. One child, on an average, is now placed every day. Location of 
 office, 230 LaSalle st. 
 
 Armour Mission. — Located at Butterfield and Thirty-third streets, take 
 State street cable line. Directors— Philip D. Armour, J. O. Armour, William 
 J. Campbell, John C. Black, P. D. Armour, Jr., Edwin Barritt Smith; Rev. 
 Howard H. Russell, pastor; established in November, 1886. This magnificent 
 charity owes its origin to a provision in the will of the late Joseph F. Armour, 
 bequeathing f 100,000 for the founding of such an institution. He directed 
 that the carrying out of his benevolent design should be chiefly intrusted to his 
 brother, Mr. Philip D. Armour, who, accepting the trust so imposed, has given 
 to it the same energetic and critical attention that he has given to his private 
 affairs. He has greatly enlarged upon the original design and in consequence 
 has added enough from his own resources to his brother's bequest of $100,000 
 to make the present investment about $1,000,000. Armour Mission is incor- 
 porated under the laws of Illinois. In addition to the Mission building 
 proper, the Armour Mission corporation owns the Armour Mission Flats, con- 
 sisting of 194 separate fiats. The entire revenue derived from the rental of 
 these flats is used for the maintenance of the Mission and its departments. The 
 corporation also owns adjoining ground upon which Mr. Armour has recently 
 erected a manual training school, not yet ready foroccupancy. The Mission is 
 a broad and wholly non sectarian institution. It is free and open to all, to the 
 full extent of its capacity, without any condition as to race, creed or other- 
 wise. Mr. Armour believes that children develop into manhood and woman- 
 hood according to their early training and surroundings, and that much can 
 be done for the advancement of mankind by lending a helping hand to chil- 
 dren and youth. His deep interest in the welfare of the young has found 
 expression in the Mission and no money he has ever expended has yielded 
 him more genuine satisfaction and pleasure than the large sum he has here 
 invested and set apart to be forever used for the moral, intellectual and phys- 
 ical advancement of the young. The Mission building proper is located at 
 the corner of Armour avenue and Thirty-third street and is constructed in the 
 most solid and substantial manner, the material used being pressed brick and 
 brown stone. The woodwork throughout is of polished oak and the furnish- 
 ings are complete and in entire harmony with the solid character of the build- 
 ing. The first floor consists of a large room fitted up to receive the Creche or 
 day nursery, the kitchen, day room, kindergarten room, rending room, vault, 
 closets, bath rooms, coal and furnace cellar, and the four dispensary rooms. 
 The second floor consists of the main audience room, eight class rooms, 
 adjoining pastor's study, officers' room, library, spacious halls, and two large 
 side rooms to be used for Sunday-school purposes or for small meetings. The 
 third floor contains a very large and handsomely-fitted-up lecture room. The 
 main audience room will accommodate about 1,300 persons. The building 
 when taxed to its full capacity will accommodate a Sunday-school of about 
 2,5U0 persons. The audience room is provided with a large pipe- 
 organ. With its colored glass windows, its tasteful frescoing and 
 symmetrical form, it is one of the most beautiful rooms of its class. The 
 seats briu^f the audience near to the speaker and the acoustic properties are of 
 
168 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 the best. One of the best features of this room is the arrangement by which it 
 can be made into a small or large room, as maybe required. The kindergar- 
 ten and the free medical dispensary departments are worthy of the special 
 attention of the visitor. The kindergarten will accommodate about 170 little 
 pupils comfortably and is open to children under the age of seven years. 
 Upon the completion of the training school the kindergaiten will be 
 removed to that building. It has the care of 200 pupils. Visitors are 
 greatly pleased with its work and with the bright faces and cleanly appear- 
 ance of the little ones. The free dispensary of the mission is in charge of 
 Dr. Swartz, a skillful physician and surgeon, who is provided with all neces- ■ 
 sary assistants. Treatment and advice are given and prescriptions rilled 
 without charge ; but it is intended that none shall receive either unless unable 
 to pay for them. An average of about forty patients a day are treated at the 
 dispensary and a much larger number provided with drugs and medicines 
 entirely free of charge. The Sunday-school has always been of special 
 interest to the many who visit the mission. The school numbers about 
 2,200 enrolled members. The average attendance for last year was about 
 1,600. In 1890 it was 1,400. In 1889 the average was 1,252. There are now 
 thirty officers and 113 teachers. The Armour Mission flats (194 in number) 
 are located at the intersection of Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth and Dearborn 
 streets and Armour avenue, occupying both sides of Armour avenue and the 
 west side of Dearborn street entirely, oetween Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth 
 streets, and the north side of Thirty-fourth and a portion of ihe south side of 
 Thirty-third, between Dearborn street and Armour avenue. It is a most 
 desirable location, being convenient to down-town and croits-town street car 
 lines and to regular railroad suburban passenger service. The buildings are 
 models of modern architectural skill, both in exterior appearance and in 
 interior arrangement and finish. The flats rent from $17.50 to $35 per month 
 each, which includes water rent, day janitor service, night watchman ser- 
 vice, hall lights and the care of halls and grounds. 
 
 Following are the usual weekly " announcements: " Sunday — Morning 
 worship for children and families, 11 a. m. Evening, Gospel meeting at 8 
 o'clock. Sunday-school at 3 p. m. Young people's meeting at 7 p. m. Mon- 
 day— Temperance meeting at 8 p. m. on the first Monday of each month. 
 Wednesday — Children's Choral Class from 4 to 4:30 p. m. Fiuday — Service 
 for Praise and Bible Study, at 8 p. m. Saturday — Industrial School: Boys, 
 10 to 12 a. m.; Girls, 2 to 4 p. m. The Armour Mission Boys' Batallion is an 
 organization of four companies of boys, numbering 175, for military drill and 
 personal improvement. The boys are pledged against the use of tobacco, 
 intoxicating liquor and vulgar and profane language. This line of work for 
 the boyslis a great success. The drills of the Batallion are conducted by Col. 
 W. C. Johnson, on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday evenings of each 
 week, at 7:45. Notes. — The Kindergarten is open from 9 a. m. to 12 m. on 
 every week day except Saturday. One hundred boys and girls from four to 
 seven years of age are accommodated. The Dispensary is open daily except 
 Sunday, from 9 a. m. to 11 a. m. It is free to all who are unable to pay for 
 medicine or medical attendance, or both. The Visitor is published monthly, 
 for gratuitous distribution in the Sunday-school. 
 
 Bureau of ' Justice. — An organization, first, to assist in securing legal 
 protection against injustice for those who are unable to protect themselves. 
 Second, to take cognizance of the workings of existing laws and methods of 
 procedure, and to suggest improvements. Third, to propose new and better 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 16J 
 
 laws, and to make efforts toward securing their enactment. Office rooms, 
 6 and 7 Marine building, 154 Lake street. Officers: Chas. H. Ham, president; 
 J. C. Stirling, vice-president and treasurer; Edw. C. Wentworth, secretary. 
 Board of directors, Chas. H. Ham, J. C. Stirling, Edw. C. Wentworth, W. 
 H. Winslow, H. B. Cragin, Chas. E. Kremer, C."R. Corbin, Chas. E. Rand, 
 A. L. Singer. Wm. M. Salter, Win. R. Manierre and Joseph W. Errant. 
 Board of counselors, Lyman J. Gage, Henry D. Lloyd, Chas. L. Hutchinson, 
 C. C. Bonney, E. G Keith, V. F. Lawson, Herman Raster, E. T. Jeffrey, 
 Dr. E. G. Hirsch, Martin J. Russell, Louis Nettlehorst, S. D. Kimbark, John 
 J. P. Odell, Franklin H. Head, Berthold Loewenthal, O. B. Green, A. C. 
 Bartlett, Gen. M. M. Trumbull, Wilbur S. Henderson, Rev. J. L. Withrow, 
 George Schneider, Jos. Beifcui and Franklin MacVeagh. Executive 
 committee: Chas. H. Ham, Edw. C. Wentworth, Chas. E. Kremer, H. B. 
 Cragin, J. C. Stirling. Agent and attorney, Joseph W. Errant. A. P. 
 Williams, assistant attorney. The last reports of the attorney and agent 
 shows that there were 3,783 matters attended to during 1890-91, as against 
 2,497 for 1889-90 and 1,1(54 during 1888-89, which is indicative of the growth 
 from year to year in the work of the bureau. The matters attended to afford 
 an interesting illustration of the work peformed. In detail there are as 
 follows: Chattel mortgage matters, 186; wrongful taking and detention of 
 personal property, 104; different questions arising out of relation of landlord 
 and tenant, 180; cases in which exemptions were threatened, 49; cases 
 involving prosecution for cruel treatment or assault, 22; investigation and 
 prosecution of crime, 23; investigation and prosecution of fraud and impo- 
 sition, 53; persecutions by wrongful suits and by other means, 22; support of 
 parents, 10; support of children, 33; cases of support for wives, and different 
 complaints of wives as to husbands, 222; cases involving prosecution for 
 violation of local ordinances. 9; wrongs to women and girls, 22; different 
 questions arising out of relation of employer and employe, 755; questions in 
 relation to real property, 44; wages claims under lien law, 47; other wages 
 claims, 717; miscellaneous matters requiring active work of every variety, 
 167; miscellaneous matters calling for advice of every kind. 1,118. Total, 
 3,783. The claims for wages during the year amounted to $7,778.75. Other 
 money claims, $2,879.70, making a total of $10,658.45. During the three 
 years of its existence the bureau has collected $20,000 in wages, besides 
 thousands in other claims. This money has been placed in the hands of those 
 who had earned it. During the last year the number of suits prosecuted was 
 357; the number of suits defended, 18. Three hundred and forty-two of 
 these suits were successfully prosecuted or defended. The bureau takes an 
 active interest in the prevention of injustice to the poor and friendless in the 
 m.tter of chattel mortgages, from sales, assaults on the person and other 
 crimes, and does a large amount of good work in the bringing about of neces- 
 sary reforms in the law. The report of the treasurer for the last year shows 
 the receipts to have been $5,337.78 and the expenditures $5,371.39. The 
 bureau is supported by private contributions. The association is composed of 
 many of the leading citizens of Chicago. 
 
 Chicago Daily New8 Fresh Air Fund. — One of the most beautiful and 
 most popular charities of this city is that carried on every summer under the 
 auspices of the Chicago Daily News Fund. A summary of the work done in 
 1891 will suffice as a fair example of the administration of its affairs during 
 ♦he years of its existence. There was contributed during the season of that 
 
170 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 year by the public and founders of the charity an aggregate of $8,662.43. Of 
 thisamountthe sum of $1,333.85 was expended at the Lincoln Park Sanitarium 
 in the care of the 26,660 infants, children and adults during the months of July, 
 August and September. The per diem expense defrayed from these contribu- 
 tions was about 5 cents for each individual. On account of the Country Week 
 there was expended from the same contributions a total of $2,849.20, for which 
 sum ample provision was made for railroad transportation and all other inci- 
 dental and necessary expenses of a fortnight in the country for 3,352 children 
 and mothers were defrayed. The average duration of visit from each individual 
 was a fraction over fourteen days, and the average cost was about $1.00 for each 
 Country- Week guest. In every instance the visitors were greatly benefited. 
 As theretofore, the expenses of executive management, printing, stationery, 
 postage and sundries — the total amounting to $1.837.34 — was defrayed by the 
 Chicago Daily News, thus leaving the gross receipts by subscription or contri- 
 bution to go direct for the actual expenses of the beneficiaries. The most im- 
 portant feature of the Fresh Air Fund of 1889 was the establishment 
 of a permanent sanitarium for infants and children at Lincoln Park. 
 [Take North Clark street cable line to central entrance of Lincoln Park, 
 and walk eastwardly to the lake.] The building is of the most substantial 
 character, but without any attempt at elaboration or ornament. Its archi 
 ' ectural effect is secured by simplicity and the manifest adaptation of every 
 texture to its intended use. The whole saucture is directly over the water, 
 being erected on a great platform, ninety feet wide, projecting into the lake 
 over two hundred feet, and supported by substantial piles. The broad roof 
 with overhanging eaves covers a floor space of nearly eighteen thousand 
 feet, over which swing hundreds of infants' hammocks. The wide verandas 
 and the open-air court at the lake extremity furnish accommodations 
 for the mothers and older children. At the shore end are grouped the 
 necessary offices. On the right of the entrance is a commodious reception 
 room, from which the guests pass to the doctor's office for examination and 
 for medical attention when required. Thence the guests are registered in 
 the office and the matron gives them in charge of trained nurses who assign 
 them suitable quarters, provide hammocks, chairs, etc. The matron's room 
 communicating both with the office and the physician's room, is a Jarge 
 dormitory for the care of critical cases, which it may be necessary to keep 
 over night. On the opposite side of the entrance is the kitchen, with pantries 
 and storerooms, and beyond is a range of bath-rooms, closets, etc. The west 
 front of the sanitarium is connected with the park by a broad bridge, with 
 a gentle ascent for baby carriages. Being in close proximity to the zoological 
 department and other features of interest in the park, the older children who, 
 in many cases, must be brought with the baby, will find enjoyment and 
 pastime without encroaching upon the sanitarium proper. Immediately 
 south of the sanitarium — with which it is connected about midway by a 
 bridge— is a 400 foot pier at which boats may land with guests from the 
 central part of the city. The total cost of the building and equipment of 
 the sanitarium amounted to $12,375.79. In addition to the $1,000 contrib- 
 uted by the Daily News to the building fund there was a balance at the close 
 of the season of $1,326.54 in the hands of the treasurer of the Fresh Air 
 Fund, making a total of $2,326.54 to be applied on the building account. 
 The deficit of $10,049.25 was advanced as a temporary loan by the Daily 
 News. Of this $4,500 has been paid. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 171 
 
 The South side sanitarium is established temporarily every summer, for 
 the present, at the foot of Twenty-second st. A large pavilion tent, 54x84 feet, 
 is erected here, under which hammocksforbabiesareswung. A kindergarten 
 is also established here for the older children which the mother must bring 
 with her. 
 
 One of the most far-reaching, as it is also one of the simplest, forms of 
 this summer charity is that which has come to be known as " The Country 
 Week" — the securing of country homes for a fortnight or so for the city 
 poor — especially children. Duringthe last season ninety -two pai ties, aggregat- 
 ing 1,003 persons, were sent to various points in Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin 
 and Michigan, at a total cost of $1,603.21; being an average expense to the 
 fund of $1.59 810 for each guest for a two weeks' visit. The cost of railroad 
 travel was greatly reduced by special rates made through the generosity of 
 the companies, which, without exception, did all that was in their power to 
 further the success of the country week excursions. 
 
 Several of the little country weekers were permanently adopted by the 
 families who entertained them, and thus the Fresh Air Fund found a new 
 avenue of usefulness in securing for some of its beneficiaries happy, health- 
 ful homes. Summer visitors to Chicago will be interested in witnessing the 
 workings of the North and South Side sanitariums. The latter may be 
 reached speedily bv the Illinois Central suburban trains, taken at the foot of 
 Randolph or Van Buren sts. A ride of a few minutes will carry the visitor 
 to the foot of Twenty-second st. Contributions to the Fnsh Air Fund are 
 received at the office of The Chicago Daily News, 123 Fifth ave. 
 
 Chicago Free Kindergarten Association — This association is doing a mag- 
 nificent work in Chicago. Officers for 1891 — President, Mrs. A. P. Kelly; 
 first vice-president, Mrs. P. D. Armour; treasurer, H. M. Sherwood; secre- 
 tary, the Hon. T. C. MacMillan; corresponding secretary, Mrs. L. A. 
 Hagans; superintendent, Miss Eva B. Whitmore. At the last annual meet- 
 ing, held in January of this year, the Board of Directors made the following 
 report: We find from the superintendent's report that the work has been 
 mire prosperous taan in former years. Seventeen kindergartens have been 
 under our supervision, with an average membership for the year of 1,058; 
 average attendance, 956; highest average attendancef or one month, 1,349; high- 
 est average membership, 1,299. Two thousand three hundred and twenty- 
 seven different children have been enrolled since January, 1890. The cost of 
 material was $1,356.52. This includes outfits for two new kindergartens 
 established duringthe year, and averages about 59 cents worth of material 
 for each child in the kindergartens. Counting teachers' salaries, fuel, and all 
 other expenses, it is found that it costs a trifle over $5 per year for each child. 
 Sixty-nine certificates and diplomas have been given to young ladies during 
 the year. Of this number eleven are still in training, two have married, six 
 are at home resting this year, and the remaining number are in active work 
 either in the city or in other States. At present there are seventy-five ladies 
 in training. This number added to seventeen principals, five assistants, and 
 four regular instructors makes a working force of 101. There have been 
 3.146 visits to homes of the children b> the teachers in the kindergartens. 
 These, with the mothers' meetings held once each month in connection with 
 the different kindergxvtens, have been of inestimable value in bringing about 
 a closer sympathy between mother and teacher and the most effectual good to 
 the children. There have been 4,059 visitors to the kindergartens. This, 
 
172 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 with the increased number in the training class, is yet another evidence of 
 the growing interest in the kindergarten work. The little paper, the Free 
 Kindergarten, issued by the association, has a larger circulation this year, 
 indicative of a desire by many to investigate more thoroughly the methods of 
 this association. The paper is issued^ quarterly, and contains plans and 
 reports. The association has lost bv death several of its prominent original 
 members; among the number are Mr. L. Hagans, Mr. Caleb Gates, and Mr. 
 F. Haskel. The training class has four regular instructors, Mrs. Mary 
 Boomer Page, theory; Miss Eva B. Whitraore. occupations; Miss Margaret 
 D. Morley, physical culture, and Miss Mary Hofer, vocal music. Besides 
 these the classes have special lectures from other specialists. Miss Josephine 
 Locke has given to the classes lectures on form, color, and clay modeling. 
 Other lecturers of the year have been Dr. I. N. Danforth, Dr. McPherson, 
 Miss Prances Willard, Mrs. Kissell, and Dr. Everett Burr. The special 
 feature of this association is growing in favor as its work is more thoroughly 
 investigated. There have been many of its Bible cards sent home and treas- 
 ured by all members of the family. Texts are chosen that children can com- 
 prehend and are not given until the thought is worked out through other 
 materials. 
 
 Chicago Nursery and Half -Orphan Asylum. — Located at 175 Burling 
 streeet, and 855 N. Halsted street. One of the most useful and most worthy 
 of the charities of Chicago. Officers of the Board of Managers: President, 
 Mrs. W. C. Goudy; vice-president, Mrs. A. Keith; 2d vice-president, Mrs. H. 
 J. Berry; secretary, Mrs. F. H. Beckwith; assistant secretary, Mrs. C. Bent- 
 ley; treasurer, Miss Hurlbut; matron, Miss E. M. Fuller. At the last annual 
 meeting the treasurer's report showed the total receipts for the year to be 
 $18,039.37; expenses and investments, $17,560.67; balance on hand, $478.70. 
 
 Chicago Orphan, Asylum. — Located at 2228 Michigan avenue. Take 
 Cottage Grove avenue cable line. Under Protestant management, but 
 children of all denominations are admitted. Officers — President, Norman 
 Williams; vice-president, John M. ClarK ; secretaiy, Frederick B. Tutt!e ; 
 treasurer, W. D. Preston. Officers of the Board of Directresses — President, 
 Mrs. K. T. Gassette ; vice-president, Mrs. B. B. Botford ; corresponding 
 secretary, Miss S. M. Horton ; recording secretary, Mrs. H. W. Getz ; treas- 
 urer, Mrs. E. J. Doring ; matron, Mrs. Harriet C. Bigelow. 
 
 vhicago Policlinic. — A large and '"well equipped building located at 174 
 and i76 E. Chicago avenue. Take Clark or Wells street cable cars. This is one 
 of the most meritorious institutions of the city. All sorts of diseases are 
 treated free of charge to sufferers. From an enterprise for gratuitous treat- 
 ment of the poor the physicians interested have developed it into a 
 college, where active practitioners may take a post-graduate course in surgery 
 and medicine. The lecture and other rooms have been enlarged and there is 
 now room for 200. The clinics, which continue the year round, are well 
 patronized, the daily number of people treated being about 200. The hos- 
 pital room has recently been increased. About thirty Chicago physicians 
 are connected with the institution, among them being the following: Drs. 
 Miller, Belneld, Harris, Chew, M. R. Brown, Henrotin, Etheridge, Hooper, 
 Colburn, Fiske, Hondley, MacArthur, Senn, Fenger, Futterer, Patton. Hotz, 
 Ingals, Church, Hayes, J. B. Hamilton, Banga, Christopher, Anthony, E. 
 M. Smith, C. S. Bacon, E. L, Holmes, H. M. Lyman. 
 

 [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 
 CORLISS ENGINE HOUSE AND WATER TOWER, PULLMAN, CHICAGO. 
 
 [See " Great Industries.' 1 ] 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 173 
 
 Chicago Relief and Aid Society. — Organized by special act of the legisla- 
 ture in 1857. Located in Chicago, Relief and Aid Society building, La Salle 
 street, between Randolph and Lake streets. This society received a large 
 portion of the surplus funds contributed by the world for the relief of the 
 people of Chicago, after the great fire of 1871. The society has from time to 
 time been severely criticised for the coldness of its management, and tho 
 gingerly manner in which it extends its charities. In the last annual report, 
 it advises strongly against the giving of private alms. The society owns 200 
 beds in private hospitals. It claims that it has sometimes found a family ask 
 ing relief when there are children old enough to contribute to their own and! 
 their parents' support, but who are kent ar school. The society refuses aid 
 in such cases, placing self-support ard filial duty before education. " In the 
 midst of abject poverty," so the reports reads, "there is often surprising 
 wastefulness. There is great need of education in respect to the ways and 
 means of economy." During 1890 the following number of articles are said 
 to have been issued : Men's wear. 749 ; ehildren's wear, 1,459 ; shoes, 1,5T) 
 pairs ; blankets. 104 ; comforts, 37 ; red flannel, 1,520 yards ; canton flannel 
 2,890 yards; unbleached muslin, 2,165; calico, 2 160 ; worsted goods, 183 
 iu the list of nationalities of those who received relief the Germans are atthe 
 head with 510 families, including 2,470 children, and the Scotch are the 
 smallest with 60 families. The total is 2,350 families and 10,940 children. 
 In the class of cases relieved there were 2,209 of aged, sick, or infirm widows 
 with families, 400 able-bodied men with families, and 895 deserted women 
 with families. The total number of applications was 13,565, of which 6,015 
 were approved ; women sent to the Home for the Friendless, 145 ; children, 
 300 ; meal tickets issued, 2,746 ; men furnished with employment, outside of 
 wood-yard, 10,536 ; expended by Superintendent Truesdell, $39,239 ; balance 
 on hand, $13,482. The cash donations, amounting to $31,583, were divided 
 into 4 $L 000 subscriptions, sixteen of $500 each, three of $300, thirty e)f $250 
 each, eight of $200 each, and a large number of sums ranging from $150 to 
 $1. The officers are — President, John McLaren; B.L.Smith, treasurer; 
 secretary, W. H. Hubbard; general superintendent, Rev. C. G. Truesdeli, 
 directors meet first Monday of every month. The society has branch offices 
 as follows: Southern office, 3601 Wabash ave. Northern office, 420 Lincoln 
 ave. Western office, Monroe, cor. Ogden ave. 
 
 Church Home for Aged Persons. — Located at 4327 Ellis ave. Take Cot- 
 tage Grove avenue cable lines. Reports made at the annual meeting of the 
 lady mtuagers show the disbursements of last year and no debt for the 
 coming year. The board is composed of Mrs. Dr. Warden, Mrs. George W. 
 Mathers', Miss Sayer, Miss Josephine I. Wells and Mrs. George S. McRey- 
 noids. 
 
 Chicago Home for Crippled Children.— Dr. J. Prince in charge. Located 
 at 91 Heine street. This institution is designed as a mission to the poor and 
 destitute, and a charitable asylum for infirm or crippled children. It depends 
 upon voluntary subscription. Ben. K. Chase, tieasurer board of trustees, 70 
 State street. 
 
 Convalescents' Home. — Organized 1891 and as yet in its incipiency. The 
 directors hope to begin in a small way with a home for invalids in the city in 
 the winter time and a country place during the summer. Officers : President, 
 
Dr. Walter Delafield; vice-president, General Joseph Stockton; secretary, 
 Charles M. Flack; treasurer, Julius Rosenthal. 
 
 Danish Lutheran Orphans' Home. — Located at Maplewood, a suburb of 
 Chicago. Take train at Wells street depot, Wells and Kinzie streets. Under 
 direction of the D mish Lutheran Church Society of Chicago ; superintendent, 
 Rev. Andrew S. Nielsen. 
 
 Erring Woman's Refuge. — Located on the west side of Indiana avenue, 
 between Fiftieth and Fifty-first streets. Mrs. L. B. Doud, president; Mrs. 
 II. Y. Lazeau, vice-president; Mrs John A.lling, recording secretary; Mrs. 
 Charles Gilmnn Smith, corresponding secretary; Mrs. E. O. F. Roltr, treas- 
 urer; Mrs. Helen M. Woods, superintendent; Miss Bessie Stone, assistant 
 superintendent. Teachers — Miss Jennie Crawford and Miss Barber. Trus- 
 tees — James H. Swan, Charles M. Charnley, Addison Ballard, H. H. Kohl- 
 saat, Henry S. Stebbins and G. C. Benton. Take Indiana avenue car on 
 Wabash avenue cable line. This institution was founded in 1865. The pres- 
 ent building was dedicated and thrown open in the fall of 1890. It cost $60,- 
 000 and will accommodate 100 women. The plan of the new building may 
 be described generally as octagonal, thirty-eight feet in diameter, with four 
 wings 34x48 feet in size. The inner corners of these wings are cut off so as to 
 form small square courts, with alternate sides of the octagon. The main 
 entrance, facinglndiana avenue, is in one of these courts, and the angle of the 
 wings in front of it contains a porch. Across the corresponding angle in th6 
 rear, and communicating with the two rear wings, is the kitchen building. 
 The building has three stories and basement, and the rotunda towers, above 
 the wings, constitute another story. The material used is half-dressed lime- 
 stone for the basement and Roman red brick for the superstructure. The 
 architecture is very plain. In ihe basement are the store-rooms, trunk-rcorn, 
 engine- room, boner- room, coal-room, ice-room, vegetable-ioom, laundry and 
 the drying-room, and in tiie rotunda the gymnasium. On the first floor, the 
 rotunda, iuto wnich ttie entrance opens, contains the main staircase, which 
 rises at either s.de of an ornamental mantel and fire-place fixed in the smoke- 
 stack. In the northeast wing are the sewing-iooms, fitting-room and mate- 
 rial-room. In the southeast wing aie the office, parlor, committee-room and 
 a beautiful chapel. In the northwest wing are the nursery, wash-room and a 
 IV w dormitories. In the southwest wing are the dining-room and china 
 closet, and connecting with them the kitchen and pantry. On the second 
 floor of the rotunda is the library, and in the wings the dormitories, bath- 
 rooms, servants' quarters and the hospital. The third floor is devoted entirely 
 to dormitories and bath-rooms. In the iourth story of the rotunda are more 
 dormitories and two lock-ups, lined with corrugated iron, for the most violent 
 inmates. The capacity of the building is about 100 inmates. The cost of 
 the ground was % 11,010. 
 
 The Erring Woman's Refuge is one of the best managed charities in the 
 city. The inmates are generally between the ages of 14 and 20. As a rule 
 they are plain, uneducated and ignorant girls. They drift into the Refuge in 
 various ways, but mostly from the justice courts, though there is no law 
 authorizing justices of the peace to commit them there, nor the Refuge itself 
 to receive and restiain them. Whenever they choose they get released on a 
 writ of habeas corpus. The aim of the management is to restore the health 
 of the inmates, teach them housework, plain sewing and dressmaking, and 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 175 
 
 to awaken their moral and religious nature. They all attend school during 
 four days in the week. On Sundays there is school in the morning, a sermon 
 by some minister in the afternoon, and in the evening a prayer meeting con- 
 ducted by one of the inmates, whom the others have selected for that pur- 
 pose. There is also a prayer meeting on Thursday evening, a temperance 
 band of hope, and on the last Saturday evening in every month a public enter- 
 tainment by the inmates, consisting of recitations and music. At all these 
 occasions the public is welcome. A sight not easily forgotten is a peep into 
 thematron's photograph album, containing the likenesses of the girls who have 
 graduated from the institution. To hear her give the history of one after 
 another of them is a sad but interesting experience. Visitors are admitted 
 between 10 a. m. and 4 p. m. daily. 
 
 Foundlings' Home.— located at 114 Wood St., near West Madison st., 
 West Side. Dr. George E. Shipman, Supt. Visiting day, Tuesday, from 
 11 a. m. to 4 p.m. Take Madison st. cable line. First opened for the recep- 
 tion of foundlings January, 1870, by Dr. Shipman. It was originally intended 
 only as a haven of refuge for such little castaways as were abandoned in its 
 immediate neighborhood, and not as a city charity. But, through a mis- 
 understanding upon this score, the city papers spoke of it as such, and the 
 doctor found the superintendency of a public charity forced upon him. He 
 had realized for a number of years the great need of such an institution 
 before he opened his little home, but could find no one who thought it incum- 
 bent upon himself personally to undertake it, while all admitted the crying 
 need. Dr. Shipman from that moment until the present has never been free 
 from its responsibilities. In speaking of the time of its foundation he says 
 that the coroner reported to him, upon being questioned, that he held an in- 
 quest on at least one child every day " found dead from exposure." This 
 would make a yearly aggregate of 365, to say nothing of the great numbers 
 dead by the fearful crime of infanticide. The first home was a small, two- 
 story frame house at 54 South Green street, for which $35 per month was to 
 be paid, with option on a year from the following May. From one friend 
 and another, who learned of the doctor's intentions, he received $77.38, and a 
 patient of his said he would give $100 more when it was opened. This was 
 the sum total of visible capital wherewith to support all the foundlings in 
 Chicago. It is interesting to read of this meager home and its still more 
 meager furnishings and compare them with the almost luxurious equipments 
 of the present home. Although the entire house was made habitable very 
 soon, its capacity was reached before the lapse of many weeks, and still the 
 basket at the door had every morning its tiny occupant. More room must 
 be gained or the basket taken in. This was not to be thought of, and search 
 was at once begun for a larger house, although the home had no money. 
 This resulted in the selection of two large brick houses on the southeast cor- 
 ner of Randolph aud Sangamon streets. Two formidable dragons stood 
 between the little charity and these. The rent was $133 per month ($35 was 
 more than they could pay promptly). They were in a wretched condition, 
 and the landlord would do nothing. There was no way to surmount these 
 obstacles except to boldly face them. These buildings were selected on 
 March 21, and when the doctor returned home in the evening, wondering 
 what should be done and praying, in the old way, for aid and guidance, he 
 found the following letter awaiting him: 
 
 "Dr. Shipman: My newspaper, just read, gives me an account of your foundlings, 
 and says you are relying on the Lord, who has just told me to send you the enclosed 
 <a check for $iOJ.) Trust iu tjod ana K^ep the fuunulings warm. 
 
 J. W. [John Wentworth.1 
 
176 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 This letter was taken as an indication that a more forward move was 
 demanded, and the dragons slunk away. The 27th of March found the 
 little colony moving in at the forbidden doorways. The first month's rent 
 was paid with J. W.'s $100 and the balance from the doctor's purse. Now 
 the terrible struggles of the home began. These can not better be explained 
 than by his diary, kept during these bitter days : 
 
 " Thursday, March 30.— Only $2 received this week. The Lord seems to rebuke us 
 for something 1 . ' May he in mercy show us what it is. Much money is needed, but none 
 comes. Has the Lord f org-otten to be gracious? ' Fear not; I am with thee,' he says. 
 May we not trust implicitly in him? 
 
 "Friday, March 31.— No money has come in to-day, but considerable has gone 
 out, which I have been obliged to furnish out of my own pocket. * * * 
 
 " Monday, April 3.— No relief yet and daily demands upon myslender purse, 
 which is quite unable to meet even those made upon it by my own necessities. 
 
 " Friday, April 7.— But $7.31 has been received, and I have spent very nearly the 
 last dollar of my own money." * * * 
 
 A. gleam of sunshine came on the following Monday when several brother 
 physicians called upon him iu the evening and left a purse containing $45. 
 The home worried on through the summer, and then in October came the 
 great fire. It escaped its terrors, but was $1,500 in debt. The Relief and 
 Aid Society voted a monthly stipend to every city charity excepting the 
 Foundlings' Home, the objection being that it was managed by an ifldiridual 
 instead of by a " board," as were the others. This policy was not long per- 
 sisted in, however, for they soon decided to appropriate $150 per month for 
 six months to the foundlings. In May, 1872, it was intimated to Dr. Ship- 
 man that the Relief and Aid Society wished to give $10,000 toward the 
 erection of a building 1 for the Home, but that they objected to giving it to a 
 private individual. The only objection he had ever had to its being incor- 
 porated was the possibility that the work might be interrupted as one of faith. 
 This reasoning was soon set aside, and on May 28th the Foundlings' Home 
 was incorporated under a general act of the legislature, with the following- 
 named gentlemen as trustees: Thomas C. Dickenson, John Dillingham, the 
 Rev. C. D. Helmer, William G. Hibbard, S. A. Kean, the Rev. A. E. Kit- 
 tredge, J. L. Pickard, the Rev. H. N. Powers, and George E. Shipman, 
 M. D. 
 
 In July, the lot on Wood street was purchased for $8,000, $3,000 being 
 paid in cash and a mortgage given for $5,000. Work on the building was 
 commenced in October. The Relief and Aid Society gave another $10,000, 
 and then $2,500 more. Citizens gave $3,000, and May 9, 1874, the house was 
 ready for occupancy. In 1884, some friends of the doctor's, who had 
 watched his patient and self-sacrificing efforts to maintain the Home for 
 years, raised among themselves the sum of $25,000 and erected a commodious 
 Addition to the Home building for his residence, so that with his wife and 
 four of his eight children about him he lives in comfort and within sight and 
 sound of every movement of his foundlings. There are at present 112 
 inmates, including the nurses. The foundlings range in age from the newly- 
 born to twelve months. They are usually adopted or redeemed by their 
 parents before reaching one year. The Home still depends solely upon vol- 
 untary contributions for support, but is now so well known and so widely 
 appreciated that it does not suffer the old sorrows of destitution and misery. 
 Visitors to the institution are welcome during the usual visiting hours, on 
 Tuesday, from 11 a. m. to 4 . p.m. and there is scarcely a more interesting 
 institution in the city. 
 
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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 177 
 
 Jewish Charitable Association. — An association of Hebrews of the North 
 Side for charitable purposes. The officers of the association are : B . Wartelsky, 
 president; Lewis Lewitohn, vice-president; M. Kreeger, secretary, and A. L. 
 Stone, treasurer. The headquarters aie at No. 567 South Halsted st., where 
 the superintendent, M. Dulsky, has charge of every case of suffering reported. 
 President, B. Wartelsky; vice-presidents, Wolf Goldstein and M. Kassel; 
 recording secretary, M. Kreeger; financial'secretary, A. Bernstein; treasurer, 
 N. Davis; board of directors, A. I. Frank, R. Goldstein, A. L. Stone, Lewis 
 Lewinsohn, Marks Nathan, A. Lieberman, A. Wilkess, H. Stern, and S. D. 
 Stoll. Advisory Board, L. Steinberg, M. Perlstein, F. Kiss, I. Lewinsohn, 
 M. Schneider, P. Drosdivitz, M. Barnett, H. Barnett, C. B. Neuerman. 
 
 Lake Geneva Fresh Air Association. — Organized June 1888 by wealthy 
 ladies and gentlemen of Chicago, summer residents of Lake Geneva. It is 
 said this grand charity, which has for its object the granting of recreation to 
 poor children and working girls, during the heated terms of each year, had 
 its origin in the suggestion of a Chicago lady during a moonlight boat ride on 
 the lake. Edward E. Ayer, George Sturges, N. K. Fairbank and George C. 
 Walker were instrumental in starting the movement. A committee of twenty 
 young women was organized to secure subscriptions around the lake and in 
 the city. In one moLth the committee had $12,000 pledged. A number of 
 gentlemen pledged themselves to furnish an additional sum of money to start 
 the organization. The articles of incorporation read : 
 
 " The undersigned, E. D. Richardson, W. H. Hammersly, and John B. Sim- 
 mons, residents (f Lake Geneva, in Walworth County, State of Wisconsin, hereby 
 associate themselves together for the purpose of forming a corporation, under the 
 Revised Statutes of the State of Wisconsin, for the purpose of constructing and main- 
 ing at Lake Geneva a summer resort for poor children residing in or near the city of 
 Chicago The cap-tal stock of this association shall be limited to twenty thousand 
 dollars (? 20,000), divided into two hundred (20 ) shares of one hundred dollars (jlOO) 
 each. It may commence the transaction of business when eighty (8v) shares of its 
 capital stock have been subscribed for. No dividend or pecuniary profit shall ever be 
 made or declared by this corporation to its members." 
 
 The association immediately purchased eight acres of ground ont he north 
 shore of Lake Geneva, near Forest Glen. The land lies in one of the most 
 picturesque spots around this beautiful lake. It is on a wooded hillside run- 
 ning down to the shore, and has 300 feet frontage on the lake. A two-story 
 frame house, with basement, was built on a level with the gentle slope that 
 runs down to the lake. The house stands several hundred feet back from the 
 shore and immediately in the rear of it rises the steep acclivity of the hill or 
 bluff. This house was christened the " Holiday Home," and many a heart 
 has leaped with gladness within its walls. A large veranda, after the 
 Southern style of a porch, runs around the sunny side of the house. In the 
 basement are the servants' quarters — kitchen, laundiy and bath-rooms. On 
 the first floor is a large play-room for children with an old-fashioned fire- 
 place, a long hall, a dining-room, a matron's room and a committee-room. 
 In the upper story are four dormitories, each fitted up with iron bedsteads. 
 The walls are covered with pictures. Each child has a bag, into which it 
 puis its clothing at night and hangs near the b(d. A matron has a room on 
 this floor also. The home was opened July 3, 1888. There are special dona- 
 tions by individuals for support of beds, and decorations in the way of pic- 
 tures. About a dozen beds are thus provided. The home now has accom- 
 modations for eighty persons. About $4,000 has been spent on the house. 
 
 On June 15th of each year the association sends out eighty young women 
 
178 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 to the home for an outing of two weeks. They are found in the ranks of the 
 shop girls, clerks, type-writers and stenographeis. Their car fare is paid 
 both ways by the association and their boarding and lodging are free. Their 
 summer retreat lasts until July 1st. They return that day in the morning, 
 and in the afternoon another party of eighty younger girls, ranging from six 
 to thirteen years of age, are sent out to the home. This lot is found among 
 the school children principally. A selection committee has charge of the 
 matter. Applications for an outing are handed into this committee and an 
 agent makes an investigation. If the application is found to be a proper one 
 the applicant is registered as one who can go. The city is divided into dis- 
 tricts, each one having an agent who reports applications to the selection 
 committee, and then the general agent makes his investigation. 
 
 On the afternoon of July 15th a lot of eighty boys are taken out on the 
 train to the home. They are selected from the poorer families and the sickly 
 children. The succeeding fortnights alternate with a lot of boys and then a 
 lot of girls at the home up to September 1st. This allows the children to 
 return in time for the opening of the public schools. The first two weeks of 
 September are devoted to giving recreation to eighty mothers and eighty 
 babies. The mothers, babies, young women and girls and boys are given free 
 excursions on the lake by the gentlemen in the vicinity who own private 
 yachts. A pier has been built on the lake front of the association's property, 
 and the boys, under the charge of custodians, are allowed to swim and bathe 
 and indulge in aquatic sports. The girls are also allowed to educate themselves 
 in swimming. Concerts are given in the play-room of the home. A fine 
 piano is there for the use of those musically inclined. Gospel hymns are 
 sung, but the boys can also raise their voices in exploiting the love affairs of 
 "Little Annie," who was the sweetheart of a certain Joe; or even warble 
 the melodies of " There're After Me ! After me!" Concerts by older people 
 are given at Harvard Camp, Kaye's Park, Forest Glen Park and Frascate 
 Park, the proceeds of which go into the treasury of the home. Fresh veg- 
 etables are furnished the home from the private gardens at the lake, and gen 
 tlemen in the vicinity also send over barrels of watermelons in season. 
 
 Officers. — President, Mrs. George L. Dunlapjvice presidents, Mrs. Edward 
 E. Ayer, Gilbert B. Shaw; corresponding secretary, Miss M. D. Sturges; 
 recording secretary, Mrs. Herbert P. Crane; treasurer, Miss Katherine. 
 Porter; board of directors, Edward E. Ayer, R. T. Crane, Henry Strong, Mrs. 
 S. W. Allerton, Mrs. John T, Lester, Mrs. Lucretia J. Tilton; board of mana- 
 gers, Mrs. E. E. Ayer, Mrs. S. A. Brown, Mrs. William J. Chalmers, Mrs. 
 Charles Crane, Mrs. Herbert P. Crane, Mrs. R. T. Crane, Mrs. W. F. 
 Durnmer. Mrs. N. K. Fairbank, Miss Hannah French, Mrs. E. B. Harbert, 
 Mrs. F. S. Johnson, Mrs. J. S. Norton, Mrs. George Parker, Mrs. H. II. Porter, 
 Mrs. O. W. Potter, Mrs. Conrad Seipp, Mrs. Gilbert B. Shaw, Mrs. Henry 
 Strong, Mrs. George Sturgis, Miss C. P. Tilton, Mrs. James Van Inwagen, 
 Mrs. George C. Walker, Mrs. O. D. Wetherell, Mrs. J. R. Wilson, Mrs. T. F. 
 Withrow. Standing Committee Chairmen — Finance, Edward E. Ayer; 
 building and grounds, George C. Walker; household, Mrs. George C. Walker; 
 purchasing. Mrs. Orson Smith; amusement, Miss Katherine Isham; hospital, 
 Mrs. O. D. Wetherell; transportation, R T.Crane; selection of children, Mrs. 
 T. F. Withrow; investigating, Mrs. W. J. Chalmers. Four-fifths of the 
 money received by the home has come from fairs, clubs and children's enter- 
 tainments. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 179 
 
 German Old Peoples Home.— Located at Harlem— Altenheim P. O.— 
 ten miles west of the City Hall. Take train at Grand Central depot, Fifth 
 avenue and Harrison street. This Home was established through the efforts 
 and generosity of the German residents of Chicago, and is the largest and 
 best conducted institution of its kind in the country. The Home buildings 
 are complete, the surroundings beautiful, and nothing is spared to make the 
 lives of the old people committed to its care as happy as possible. One of the 
 prime movers in this noble charity was Mr. A. C. Hesing, its president. The 
 treasurer is Mr. John Buehler; secretary, Arthur Erbe; financial secrelary, 
 C. Mechelke. 
 
 Good Samaritan Society.— Industrial Home, 151 Lincoln avenue, North 
 side ; take Lincoln avenue car. This institution is incorporated by special 
 charter. The object of this Society is to provide a place for destitute women 
 and girls, believed to be worthy, where they can earn an honest and respect- 
 able living. For this purpose a home is provided, where, when necessary, 
 they can be cared for temporarily, and as soon as a suitable place can be 
 found they are sent to it. No money is given them except to pay car fare 
 or for some immediate necessity. The essence of the whole work is, to give 
 a chance to those who wish to get on in the world. Supported by voluntary 
 contribution. 
 
 Guardian Angel Orphan Asylum. — This is a German Roman Catholic 
 institution and is located at Rosehill (Havelock P. O.). Take train at Wells 
 street depot, Wells and Kinzie streets. The institution is conducted by the 
 Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ ; Superior, Sister Mary Hyacinthe. 
 
 Hebrew Charity Association. — This association is accomplishing a remark- 
 able and a noble work in Chicago. It is composed of the various Hebrew 
 charitable organizations. [For particulars as to its general transactions, see 
 " Michael Reese Hospital," under heading of " Hospitals and Dispensaries."] 
 The receipts of the last Hebrew charity ball given in Chicago under the 
 auspices of the Hebrew Charity Association were $12,000. The report of the 
 united Hebrew charities for 1889-1890 showed that during the year there 
 were 494 applicants for work, or forty more than the year before. Of these 
 443 were provided with work, or fifty-seven more than during the preceding 
 year. At the Michael Reese hospital 789 patients were treated, of whom 252 
 were Jewish Charity patients and 278 Gentile charity patients. Of those 
 treated 344 were Jewish, 330 Protestant, and 115 Roman Catholic. 
 
 Helping Hand, The. — The Helping Hand is the name of a new institution, 
 benevolent in character, which was opened to the public in 1891, at the north- 
 east corner of West Washington and Clinton streets. The three upper floors 
 of the four-story building on that corner have been leased for three years by 
 well-known citizens, who organized and incorporated this charity for the pur- 
 pose of making a practical test of their ideas concerning work of this kind. 
 They deal chiefly with able-bodied but unfortunate men. They do not pro- 
 pose to become all-embracing reformers. They have at the outset adopted St. 
 Paul's dictum that " if a man will not work neither shall he eat," and to this 
 they add: "Nor should he be furnished with a bed at public expense." 
 
 One of the most important rules of the new establishment is thus 
 expressed: "A clean bed, a compulsory bath, a clean night shirt, and such 
 treatment of clothing. as will destroy all vermin," all of which is deemed quite 
 as needful as food to the self-respect of a man. The three floors contain 26 
 
180 GUIDE TO CHCAGO. 
 
 rooms, 18 of which are provided with enough single beds to accommodate 100 
 lodgers. Then there are dining-room and kitchen, leading-room, reception- 
 room and office, and room for shower baths, fumigation room for the treatment 
 of old cloches, and a large apartment in which non sectarian gospel services will 
 be conducted every evening. The house is well provided with closets, and 
 newly fitted with water pipes. In these respects it is far above the average 
 cheap lodging house. Not the least important of its features is a cobbler's 
 bench, where badly worn shoes of unfortunates maybe repaired, and a 
 tailor's outfit for the mending of frayed garments that have seen better days. 
 Charitable people are requested to send cast-off clothing there, so that a stock 
 may be kept on hand for emergencies. 
 
 " The rates at the Helping Hand are 15 cents for a bed, or 35 cents for 
 supper, bed and breakfast. Cash will be accepted from those who have it; 
 able-bodied men without the price will be required to pay an equivalent in 
 work furnished by the institution. Cripples and men unable to work do not 
 c me within the scope of this refuge; they will be referred to the institutions 
 which cover that field. In course of time it is expected that different kinds 
 of work can be furnished by the Helping Hand, but for the present the labor 
 will consist chiefly of street sweeping, scrubbing, deliveiing coal and kindling 
 wood. Officers: Thomas Kane, president; W. H.Rice, secretary; Judge 
 Gwynn Garnett, treasurer. The directors are Messrs. Garneii, Kane, Rice, 
 Judce C. C. Kohlsaat, Arthur J. Caton, Charles E. Simons, R, H. Trumbull, 
 E. H. Valentine, George B. Townsend and J. L. Whitlock. P. V. Welch, 
 superintendent. 
 
 Holy Family Polish and Bohemian Orphan Asylum. — Located at Holt and 
 Division streets. This is a Catholic institution. Sister Mary Rosamunda, 
 Superior. 
 
 Home for Incurables. — Located on Ellis ave. and Fifty -sixth st. Take 
 Cottage Grove ave. cable line. F. D. Mitchell, superintendent ; Miss Libbie 
 S. Ainsworth, matron ; Dr. William P. Goldsmith and Dr. John H. Wilson, 
 attending physicians. The buildings, together with the surrounding grounds, 
 are the gift of Mrs. Clarissa C. Peck. This kindly lady, when living, was ac- 
 tive in all good works, and, dying, bequeathed the better half of her estate for 
 the alleviation of a class for whom no adequate provision was made. In the 
 main corridor of the great building is a magnificent brass memorial tablet, 
 set like some rare jewel in fine marble. It bears the following inscription : 
 # 
 
 Chicago Home for Incurables. : 
 
 j This Tablet is Erected in Grateful \ 
 
 I Remembrance of '. 
 
 • Clarissa C. Peck, • 
 I Died Dec. 22, 1884, • 
 
 • By whose Generosity This Institution • 
 
 : Was Founded and Endowed. ; 
 
 * * 
 
 But a monument more lasting than bras3 is the great home itself with its 
 cheerful apartments given over tothecomfort and consolation of the afflicted. 
 Mrs. Peck's bequest amounted to something over $500,000, and in the will she 
 named eight gentlemen whom she wished to act as trustees ' i founding the 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 181 
 
 institution. These were Byron L. Smith, E lson Keith, Albert J. Averell, C. 
 M. Henderson, George L. Otis, Henry J. Willey, Albert Keep, and Charles 
 Gilman Smith. Albert Keep, formerly president of the North-Western rail- 
 road, is a near relative of the deceased. H. N. Higinbotham was made pres- 
 ident of the institution. This gentleman had been manager of a similar 
 institution at Lake View, and his omission from the list of trustees named by 
 the testatrix was owing to her not having acquaintance with him. These 
 trustees made purchase of a very suitable tract of land ; they have 480 feet 
 on Ellis ave. and 170 feet on Fifty-sixth st. For this they paid $22,000. No 
 architectural display has been attempted in the buildings. They are com- 
 modious and substantial, and so arranged that not a dark or cheerless room 
 can be found throughout, when completed the buildings cost $85,000. Mrs. 
 Peck died in 1884, but, owing to litigation, the home was not completed till 
 March, 1890. Through all these years interest had been accumulating, and 
 after deducting the $107,000 expended upon grounds and buildings there 
 still remained the equivalent of $600,000 in productive real estate and bonds. 
 The interest upon ihis is more than sufficient to meet all running expenses, 
 and lay by each year a goodly sum, so that, when necessary, additions can be 
 made to the buildings and its facilities enlarged and improved. The main 
 building is five stories high, and extending from it to north and south are 
 wings of four stories. The full capacity is 125. When the Home was opened 
 it took from the smaller institution at Lake View thirty-three incurables, all 
 it had, and that Home was closed. All races are to be received at this institu- 
 tion, which is entirely non sectarian. When it is possible for the afflicted 
 inmate or his friends to pay a monthly stipend for his support it is accepted, 
 but there are many who come absolutely free. To be eligible, the applicant 
 must be afflicted with some pronounced disease, which is considered incura- 
 ble by the trustees, who are the final judges in the matter. The predominat- 
 ing diseases are paralysis and rheumatism, the first being the more frequent. 
 Those who are so afflicted as not to be able to walk are provided with invalid 
 chairs, which they can propel at pleasure about their rooms or through the 
 long corridors out upon the wide verandas. There are comfortable seats and 
 inviting hammocks and a perspective of lawn and bright flowers which 
 means much to feeble eyes and limbs. There is a parlor upon every floor, 
 where the chairs are wheeled at the will of each occupant. There is a com- 
 modious reading-room, and the men have a smoking-room where they may 
 indulge to their hearts' content in the use of their favorite brands. During 
 the usual visiting hours strangers are always welcome. 
 
 Home for Self- Supporting Women. — Located at 275 and 277 Indiana street. 
 Take Indiana street car. An institution which affords a home for girls and 
 women, whether employed or unemployed, if they are willing to support 
 themselves when occasion offers. A great many women who work outside 
 make this their home. Officers, president, Mrs. James S. Gibbs; treasurer, 
 Mrs. Henry P. Crowell; recording secretary, Miss Mary A. Prescott; corre- 
 sponding secretary, Mrs. W. W. Angue; matron, Mrs. V. P. Smith. 
 
182 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Home for Unemployed Girls. — Located at Market and Elm sts., North 
 Side. Take North Market st. car. This institution is conducted by the Fran- 
 ciscan sisters. Girls temporarily out of employment are cared for here. 
 The charity is a noble one and receives the generous support of Roman Cath- 
 olics. 
 
 Home for Working Women.— Located at 21 S. Peoria street, West Side. 
 Take Madison street cable line. Conducted by the Working Women's Home 
 Association. The home is one of the youugest of Chicago's many charita- 
 ble works, and the success it has attained has demonstrated that it has filled a 
 place long needed. The home was first opened on the seventeenth of May, 
 1890, and the building now occupied was then newly painted, papered and 
 furnished throughout. Applications for admission were numerous, many of 
 them being from strangers in the city, and the home is now taxed to its 
 utmost capacity. The aim of those in charge is to furnish a place where no 
 respectable woman, regardless of her nationality or religion, will be refused 
 neededassistance, and to enable those who earn but little to live comfortably 
 and respectably. During the year 1891 fully 600 girls received the 
 benefits of the home. The food is said to be wholesome, well cooked, and 
 there is plenty of it. Every inmate has her own bed, and every room has a 
 closet. The house is heated with steam, and there is hot and cold water on 
 every floor. The directors are anxious that the Home shall be the headquar- 
 ters for all working women, whether they live there or not. Free stationery, 
 reading, sewing and bathing-rooms are at the disposal of all, and a type- 
 writer and piano add to the attractions of the place. The managers are very 
 emphatic that their home is not an institution, but a genuine home in every 
 sense of the word. Officers — A. E. Johnson, president; Dr. H. W. Thomas, 
 first vice-president; A. Chaiser, second vice-president; Rev. C. Treider, sec- 
 retary; George P. Bay, treasurer; Dr. Odelia Blinn, medical superintendent; 
 C. R. Matson, counsel. Directors — All officers, and Mrs. Dr. Gunsaulus, 
 Miss C. Addie Brown, Rev. A. Hallmer, Alice J. Johnson and Henry L. 
 Hertz. 
 
 Home for the Friendless. — Located at 1926 Wabash avenue. Take 
 Wabash avenue cable line. Established in 1858. Officers— A. C. Bartlett, 
 president ; F. D. Gray, vice-president ; Mrs. Thomas A. Hill, corresponding 
 secretary ; Mrs. C. Gilbert Wheeler, recording secretary ; W. C. Nichols, 
 treasurer; Miss A. Z. Rexford, superintendent, and Miss E. T. Colburn, 
 assistant superintendent. Average number of inmates about 200. During 
 1890 there were 1,435 admissions, 1,144 dismissals and 9 deaths. At the 
 beginning of 1890 there was in the treasury a cash balance of $6,616.90. Of 
 those admitted daring 1890, 763 were Protestants, 642 Catholics, and 40 
 Jews. The largest number received in one month was 182, in October, and 
 the smallest 72, in February. Thirty-two children were surrendered to the 
 home and fifty-eight found homes of adoption. This is one of the most inter- 
 esting chiritable institutions in the city. From small beginnings it has grown 
 aud prospered until the income of the Home is now about $21,000 per annum, 
 which includes the Crerar bequest. Ten years ago the whole work of the 
 home was conducted in what is now known as the main building, or the north 
 and south wings. Since that time there has been erected, atacost of $35,000, 
 a part of the generous bequest of Mr. Hobart Taylor, the addition called by 
 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 183 
 
 his name, which has nearly doubled the capacity of the home. It contains 
 the " Shelter " and bath-room for transient inmates, two laundries, the linen- 
 room, girls' department, including dormitory, bath and store rooms, the 
 infirmary, dispensary and nursery. The records also show that during tne 
 last ten years a procession of 20,167 women and children have passed through 
 these open doors, and here halted for assistance, material and moral, which 
 was offered without distinction of color, race, religion, or language, so long 
 as the applicant seemed to be overborne in the fierce struggle for life. Among 
 the throng hundreds of deserted wives and mothers are included, who fre- 
 quently bring with them their little broods to be cared for in this tranquil 
 nest. The hospitality, including rest, good food, encouragement, sympathy 
 and advice, is freely tendered to all belonging to the class of worthy poor, as 
 specifically laid down in the charter. During the last ten years about 
 3.400 children, including day scholars, have been enrolled as pupils in the 
 Home School, in which are taught the branches of the primary department and 
 the graded grammar school. In the industrial class, since 1879, about 350 
 girls, between the ages of 12 and 16, have been taught sewing, housework 
 aad elementary cooking, thereby being prepared to earn a respectable living 
 when they go out into the world. Perhaps the most important feature in the 
 general work of the home is the arrangement by which children are adopted 
 who have been neglected or abandoned by their parents. During ten years 
 734 children have been legally "surrendered " to the home, which has found 
 permanent places for nearly all that number with reputable families. 
 
 It is stated in the act of incorporation, " The object and purposes of the 
 Chicago Home for the Friendless shall be the relieviug, aiding and providing 
 homes for friendless and indigent women and children." The middle-aged 
 women at the home are usually transients. A woman is out of work, or a 
 stranger, and has no money to get a lodging. She makes her way to the 
 Home, where all are received except the unfortunate victim of drink, for 
 whom there is no immediate place but the police station. After admission 
 the new guest is provided with a hot bath, and, if she desires, some clean 
 clothes. She is then givtn a good meal, and, as it is usually at night that 
 such applications are made, she is taken to a comfortable bed. In the 
 morning, after breakfast, she is expected to help during the forenoon with 
 the work of the house, and then she can have the rest of the day to look for 
 employment outside. Sometimes such women stay for a week or two weeks 
 before they find work, and they are made to feel at home during that time. 
 In what is called the "Industrial School," young girls — or women who 
 seriously desire to learn — are taken, and, while kept as inmates of the home 
 for such time as would be required, are taught sewing and housekeeping. 
 The children in the home are mostly those who have been abandoned by their 
 parents and picked up by the officers of the Humane Society. They come, 
 of course, in different ways, but criminal neglect by their parents is the 
 usual cause of their suffering. Children under nine months are not received 
 at this institution. But those above that age, up to six or seven years, can 
 be found running around their nurseries and play-rooms with as much vigor 
 and heartiness as if the world belonged to them. When a child first appears 
 at the home, it is the invariable rule that it shall be sent to quarantine 
 quarters, at the top of the building, for fourteen clays. There is scarcely 
 ever any sickness in this quarantine, but considering the places from which 
 most of the children arc brought, it is considered prudent to isolate them. 
 
184 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 After the two weeks' purification process, the managers of the institution try- 
 to find a permanent home for the waifs, and, if they are not claimed by- 
 parents or guardians before six months, an officer of the home goes before a 
 judge and is appointed the legal guardian. The parents or guardians also 
 may voluntarily surrender all right to a child, after which it becomes the 
 ward of the home, and at the earliest opportunity is placed out with 
 respectable people, on trial for three months. If such trial proves agreeable, 
 both for child and caretakers, the little one is usually adopted and becomes 
 " part of the family." Visitors are always welcome between the hours of 10 
 A. m. and noon, and 1 and 4 p. m. 
 
 Home for the Jews. — Organized in 1891. Large endowments have been 
 received by this projected institution. It is not yet fully established. The 
 directory is composed of: Mrs. M. A. Meyer, Mrs. Charles H. Schwab, Mrs. 
 H Klopfer, Mrs. Dora Frank, Mrs. Louis Newberger, Mrs. B. J. David, Mrs. 
 Emma Storn, Mrs. Max Hart, Mrs. Julia Bernheimer, Morris Rosenbaum, 
 Anram Slimmer, JSielson Morris, H. A. Kohn, H. L. Frank, B. Kuppen- 
 heimer. J Rosenbaum, Simon Mendel, B. Lowenthal, B. Calm, Harry Hart, 
 Moses Born, H. E Greenbaum, A. Kuh, E. Frankenthal, D. A. Kohn. 
 
 Home of Iniustry. — Located at 234 and 236 Honore street, West side. 
 Take Van Buren street car. William S. Potwin, president; Albert M. Day, 
 treasurer; Charles M. Howe, secretary; B. M. Butler, Albert M. Day, Thomas 
 Kane. William S. Potwiu, Charles M. Howe, Mrs. T. B. Carse, Joseph B. 
 Locke and H. J. Coon, directors; A. C. Dodds, superintendent. The Home 
 of Industry was organized by Michael Dunn, a reformed criminal, who had 
 spent over' thirty years of his life in penal institutions all over the world. 
 Dunn's history as a criminal is somewhat interesting. He is a native of Eng- 
 land and was born and reared a criminal. When only seven years old Dunn 
 was first consigned to prison for a petty theft of which he was convicted. 
 Imprisonment seemed to do him no good, and up to the time he was thirty 
 years old he had been confined in prison half a dozen times and had been 
 sent to various English penal settlements, but always returned to his old 
 tricks. Finally, the English government paid his passage to America to 
 get rid of him, and he began in this country the same career that had caused 
 him so much trouble in the land from which he had been driven. He was 
 frequently in pr'son in various parts of the United States, and finally, about 
 ten years ago. after spending almost his entire life in penal servitude in both 
 hemispheres, he became reformed and started out to aid and better the rest 
 or the class which he had left. Dunn is now about sixty years old. He has 
 the look of a criminal, and most people would hardly believe that he could 
 e anything else, but those who know him best and have been brought into 
 contact with him through the founding of these places of refuge do not 
 doubt his complete reformation. When at last Dunn did see "the error of 
 his way," he conceived the idea of providing homes for discharged crimi- 
 nals, where they might retire till au opportunity was afforded to earn an hon- 
 est living. The first refuge he instituted was in New York. He then went 
 to San Francisco and started another. He then founded the one here in Chi- 
 cago and afterward another in Detroit. There are at present in the Chicago 
 Home of Industry about a dozen convicts. The average term of their retire- 
 ment there is about two weeks. In connection with the institution is a 
 broom factory, where every one who is taken in has to earn his living or do 
 
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 THE TEMPLE "—LA SALLE AND MONROE STREETS. 
 [See " Guide."] 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 185 
 
 as much towards it as he can. The institution is not self-supporting and has 
 to depend quite largely on public charity . Most of the inmates of the place 
 come from Joliet and Michigan City, the nearest prisons to this city, but the 
 place has been a refuge for prisoners from most every penal institution in the 
 country. Superintendent Dodds usually receives from most of the prisons 
 a monthly discharge list. To prisoners who arc aoouti to bQ set at liberty he 
 sends circulars telling of the refuge and u e advantages to bo found in it. 
 JSo convicts are received except on recommendation <.! tlio warden or chap- 
 lain of the prison in which they were last confined, unless 'hey can convince 
 the superintendent of a desire to reform and lead a better lLe. Everyone 
 who stays there must do something toward his own support, and all who 
 enter must work or go elsewhere. The aid and influence of thesuperintend- 
 ent are extended to all of them who seek honest employment, and any 
 inmate desiring to seek work outside is allowed half a day each week, or 
 more, at the discretion of the management. The ex-convicts are not encour- 
 aged to stay, but, on the contrary, are given all possible assistance in finding 
 work outside. 
 
 The institution enforces a set of rules for the conduct of the inmates of 
 the home. They are required to be particular as to personal cleanliness. 
 Total abstinence from intoxicants has to be observed. Smoking is permitted 
 only in certain places, and profane language is not tolerated. A rising and 
 a breakfast bell are jung,and inmates are required to be in bed at 10 o'clock. 
 Every inmate is charged with the care of his own room, and all are required 
 to attend morning and evening prayers unless excused by the superintendent. 
 Any violation of the rules subjects the offender to immediate dismissal. 
 Only men are received in the home. They are taught ways of frugality, 
 industry and economy, and most of them are susceptible to those teachings. A 
 record is kept of the life of every man who enters the place, but that record 
 is an inviolable secret to all but the superintendent. After the name of each 
 candidate are made entries about his marital condition, his parentage, his 
 birthplace, his religion, the prison in which he was last confined, the length 
 of his sentence, his education and occupation, the crime for which he was 
 convicted and its cause. A page of Superintendent Dodds' book of record 
 is a most eloquent temperance lecture. Drink has led most of his boarders 
 into trouble, though their detention in prison can be traced back to all kinds 
 of vice. Many of the younger ones assign bad company as the cause of their 
 downfall; others have gambled themselves into theft; still others have been 
 educated as criminals, and a few state that it is their natural inclination to 
 steal. The column of Mr. Dodds' book which keeps the record of all dis- 
 missals from the Home is interesting. In it are to be found such entries as 
 "found good employment as a harness-maker;" "a hypocritical thief, 
 bounced without mercy; " "found good position, clear case of conversion;" 
 "went out to look for work, lost on the way back;" " went home to friends;" 
 "put out for lying;" "left to go wandering," and many others of the same 
 kind. Every man is paid for his work in the place from the time he enters, 
 accordiug to the degree of proficiency he has acquired. Many of them turn 
 out well aad return to their homes to lead honest lives. Mr. Dodds is con- 
 stantly receiving letters from such men, thanking him for the benefits of the 
 institution. 
 
 Home of Providence.— Located at Calumet ave. and Twenty-sixth St., 
 adjoining Mercy Hospital. Take Cottage Grove cable line. An institution 
 for the care and protection of young women. Conducted by the Sisters of 
 Mercy. Sister Mary M. Angela, superior. 
 
186 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Home of the Aged. — Located at West Harrison and Throop streets. Take 
 West Harrison street car. Conducted by the Little Sisters of the Poor, who 
 depend lor the maintenance of the institution entirely upon the alms which 
 they solicit. The building is a very large, plain, brick structure and is gen- 
 erally crowded with inmates, whose ages vary between 60 and 100 years. 
 It is a worthy charity and the Little Sisters, who have a method of seeking 
 alms peculiar to themselves, are generally popular among the business people 
 of the city, who give them liberal contributions. They never beg, simply 
 stating who and what they are and If an unfavorable response is given 
 they walk silently away, without : laking further appeal. The Little Sisters 
 are a French order . They have j mo institutions in the city. 
 
 House of The Good Shepherd.— Located at North Market and Hill sts. 
 Take Market st. car. Conducted by the Sisters of the Good Shepherd 
 — Superior, Mother Mary Angelique. This institution is a haven and a 
 reformatory for fallen women desiring to rise out of their condition, and is 
 one of the most extensive as well a: one of the most useful charities in the 
 city. 
 
 Hull House.— Hull House is the title by which is known a social settle- 
 ment of women established at 335 So. Halsted street Its purpose is to fur, 
 ish an intellectual and social center for the surrounding neighborhood. There 
 is no organization, and the residents pay their own expenses. Miss Culver, 
 the owner of the property, gives the rent, and various friends furnish a small 
 fund for contingent expenses. Mr. Edward Butler has erected a fire-proof 
 art building in which are an art exhibit room, a studio and a station of the 
 free public library. Hull House carries on a free kindergarten composed 
 largely of Italian children. In a separate cottage is a day nursery where 
 mothers, who are obliged to work away from home, may bring their children 
 to be cared for and fed during the day for a charge of five cents each. A 
 well equipped diet kitchen furnishes specially prepared food for the sick, 
 which is sold at the cost of the material, or, if necessary, given away upon 
 recommendation of the visiting district nurse. A free gymnasium is now 
 opm which is used three evenings in the week by men and boys, and three 
 evenings by women and girls. There are various free afternoon sewing 
 classes for girls, and clubs for small boys, and evening social and literary 
 clubs for girls and young men. Weekly free concerts or lectures are held to 
 which all who vi^it the House are invited. Five evenings in the week College 
 Extension courses are given for which a fee of fifty cents per course of 
 twelve weeks is charged. The average number of students in these classes is 
 about "175, while the total average number of persons who visit the House 
 weekly to attend the various classes and clubs is about 800. 
 
 Margaret Etter Orc:he T \.indergc.:ten — Located at 2356 Wabash avenue. 
 Take Wabash avenuo cabb Sine. Established August 3, 1885. One of the 
 noblest charities in f,3btc city. It cares for the children of mothers who are 
 compehed to work oirj 2oi n, "r;ing. The attendance for the five years of the 
 creche's existence show,3 a :ar,r. :lous r : jsvth: August, 1885, to October, 1886, 
 2,136; October 1, l°86,to ^ctofjor 1, 188?, 2,Cfr ; October 1, 1887, to October 
 1. 1888, 3,562; October 1, 18d8. to October 1, 1189, 4,253; October 1, 1889, to 
 October 1, 1890, 0,522. But the ex^ensoi do not show a commensurate 
 increase, being as follows: First yen?, 31,P£:.48; second year, $1,383.84; 
 third year, $1,375.7 »; fourth year, $1,399.53; air year, $2,0*07.16. Besides 
 the day nursery a kindergarten is carrici t;:, but it in no way counts on the 
 treasury of the creche. The assist ?,n:e of charitably-inclined people is 
 necessary to the maintenance of the :rech j. 
 

 . 
 
 THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 18? 
 
 Masonic Orphans' Home. —Located at 447 Carroll ave. and Sheldon st. 
 Cares for about thirty children, but has accommodation for about seventy-five, 
 and is supported by voluntary contributions from city and State. 
 
 Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Some. — Located at 1418 Wabash ave. W. H. 
 Rand, president ; E. P. Bailey, auditor ; H. N. Higinbotham, treasurer ; 
 James Frake, secretary ; Eliza W. Bowman, matron. Board of directors : A. 
 C. Bartlett, H. N. Higinbotham, Wm. H. Rand, James Frake, Frank P. Lef- 
 fhigwell, A. P. Millar, Edward P. Bailey, J. K. Stearns, Melville E. Stone, 
 •Wm. K. Ackerman. Lady managers : Mrs. T. W. Baxter, Mrs. M. E. Stone, 
 Mrs. M. E. Clark, Mrs. Jas. Frake, Mrs. J. L. Lombard, Mrs. A. P. Millar, 
 Miss Abbey Pierce, Mrs. Robt. A. Williams, Mrs. J. C. Stirling. Take 
 Wabash avenue cable line. This institution has been in existence over 
 twenty-three year?. It had its inception in the Chicago Industrial School 
 from which a charter was obtained in 1867, the incorporators being Jonathan 
 Burr, John V. Farwell, William Blair, William E. Doggett, J. Y.'Scammon, C. 
 G. Wicker, Eli Bates, Philo Carpenter, J.S. Reynolds and E.F. Dickinson. This 
 industrial school was very soon merged into the home and was the first 
 movement to assist helpless street children in Chicago. The object of the 
 institution is "to provide a good Christian home for newsboys and boot- 
 blacks and other unprotected homeless boys. Also to aid them in finding 
 homes and employment in either city or country." While the doors of the 
 home have always been open and a requestfor shelter and food has been all 
 that was necessary to obtain admittance, in order to foster independence and 
 self-help the small sum of 15c. is charged for supper, breakfast and lodging. 
 If, however, a boy is not able to pay " banner," as all charges for entertain- 
 ment are called by street boys, he is still entertained. Provision is made for 
 destitute boys by giving them work and small amountof moneyfor starts by 
 which they are able to earn what is required for their immediate living 
 expen-es. The Newsboys' Appeal, & small paper published in the interests of 
 the Home, giving inside news, etc. 
 
 Although the Home is not entirely self-supporting, there is no soliciting 
 done in its interests. Previous to the fire, a lot on Quincy street was given to 
 the Home upon which a small building was erected. After the fire, through 
 the assistance of the Relief and Aid Society, a brick building was built, 
 which, together with the lot, was later sold to Marshall Field & Co. for 
 commercial purposes for $50,000. The directors bought the present location 
 out of the amount and the balance is used for current expenses. 
 
 The rules of the institution are simple, and are only such as are necessary 
 to the well-being of the boys — and a wise, kindly, personal interest is taken in 
 every boy who is sheltered there — although they are constantly coming and 
 going, and an average of something more than a thousand are eutertained 
 each year. A careful record of every boy who is taken into the institution is 
 kept, together with as much of his history as canbs obtained, and these records 
 are replete with the pathetic results of human selfishness. No insignificant 
 number of these boys have parents living who are comfortably off, but, hav- 
 ing been divorced, each has married again, and with one accord refused to 
 care for their child, who, often at a tender age, was obliged to shift for him- 
 self, and so drifted wito this haven for destitute, forsaken boys. There are 
 others who have never known their parents, and still others whose parents 
 are drunken, shiftless, "ne'er-do-wells," and a few who have run away from 
 
188 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 home for one cause or another. These last are induced, if possible, to return 
 to their homes, and their parents are communicated with, but no^ boy is 
 refused shelter and food, whatever the cause for which he stands in need 
 of it. 
 
 There is a night school four evenings in a week from 7:30 to 9 o'clock 
 which the boys are required to attend, and, where it is deemed advisable, 
 other instruction is provided. The institution is intended for a temporary 
 home, the chief aim being to provide permanent employment for the boys 
 who come there from all parts of the world. The management of the Home ■ 
 co-operates with the Humane Society and other kindred organizations, and in 
 this way keeps pretty thoroughly informed in regard to homeless boys. 
 
 Miss Eliza W. Bowman, who has been the matron of the Home for the 
 past seven years, is a person admirably fitted for the difficult position which 
 .-he fills with apparent ease and with satisfaction to all concerned. She is in 
 hearty sympathy with the boys, and believes unswervingly that a good and 
 useful life is possible to most of them. It was through an experiment tried by 
 Miss Bowman that a somewhat new departure is being carried out at the 
 Home. She found that the larger boys are often in a more unfortunate con- 
 dition than the smaller ones, and that often their greatest need is means to 
 get oq while they are making a start. She therefore resolved to undertake 
 herself to make several of these boys presentable, assist them in getting places 
 to work and furnish them funds, as a loan, until such time as they should be 
 paid for their work. The boys proved honest and industrious, with scarcely 
 an exception, and the plan was a success. Miss Bowman reported the result 
 of her experiment to the managing board, which approved this method of 
 assisting the boys and made it a part of the work of the Home. In this con- 
 nection Miss Bowman makes an interesting statement which is full of hope 
 for the philanthropist. She says that when once a boy has become self- 
 supporting and has tasted the pleasure of honest independence he is rarely 
 ever willing again to take to the street life which, as a rule, he is obliged to 
 adopt in his early struggle for existence. 
 
 The Home, which is located at 1418 '."abash avenue, is one of the 
 few places where a boy can go to make himself tidy and get a clean shirt, 
 If need be, in the city. The clean shirt is always on call, and partly worn 
 garments of this kind are accepted with enthusiasm at the Home. Indeed, 
 Miss Bowman prefers the shirt which has been worn, as one that is quite new 
 the boys are likely to sell for what they can get for it, as when they first 
 come to the Home they are quite likely to consider it an extravagance to wear 
 anything which can be exchanged for money. 
 
 Odd Fellows' Orphans' Home. — Located at Lincoln, 111., 156 miles south of 
 Chicago. Take Chicago & Alton or Illinois Central train This is an insti- 
 tution forthe orphan children, male and female, of Odd Fellows. Buildings 
 erected on a site presented by citizens of Lincoln. Corner-stone laid April 
 26, 1891. 
 
 Old People's Home. — Indiana ave. and Thirty-ninth st. Take Indiana 
 ave. car on Wabash ave. cable line. Founded about thirty years ago by a 
 humble seamstress, who resided on Third ave. She had accumulated a little 
 money and bought her a home. She found herself growing old, and belong- 
 ing ro that respectable legion designated " the old maids," without immediate 
 family, conceived the laudable idea of establishing some institution or home 
 
THE EN CYCLOPEDIA. 18 6 
 
 that would assist in alleviating the sorrows and sufferings she saw about her. 
 This ambition she laid before her pastor, theRev. Dr. Boyd, and acting under 
 his advice a home was established for the care of indigent old ladies. They 
 first occupied a small frame house near the home of this kind-hearted woman . 
 She was made matron and Dr. Boyd first president. It was not long until 
 the public was interested in Samantha Smith and her humble charity. Find- 
 ing; after the first few years the cramped quarters of so small a house inade- 
 quate. Miss Smith gave uo her own more commodious dwelling, together with 
 its entire furnishings, for the uses of the institution, and its charges were 
 transferred thereto without delay. Miss Smith continued for some years 
 longer as matron and then, for reasons not explained, retired from the duties. 
 From Third ave. the Old Ladies' Home removed to Indiana ave., near Twenty- 
 sixth St., where it occupied an old frame building for several years. After 
 the great fire it received from the Relief and Aid Society the sum of $50,000, 
 which was used as the nucleus of a building fund, and the latter part of 1873 
 found them established in their present commodious home. Later on the 
 vacant lots between them and the corner of Thirty-ninth st. were purchased, 
 thus adding 158x100 feet to their property. This donation from the Relief 
 and Aid oociety was given under the conditions that the name should be 
 changed to read ' ' The Old People's Home," and indigent old gentlemen were to 
 be admitted as well as ladies, the Relief and Aid Society to have control of 
 twenty rooms for the benefit of its own pro eges. Old gentlemen have never 
 as yet been admitted, although it was intended, some time ago, to build at 
 the north end of the home building a wing or addition especially for them. 
 The management does not consider this idea feasible, however, and the old 
 gentlemen's home will be located farther out, where they may have vegetable 
 aad flower gardens and trees and plants to cultivate. This institution, in 
 common with many others of our city charities, is an heir of the late John 
 Crerarand receives by his munificence an addition of $50,000 to their funds. 
 There are at present sixty-eight inmates, so that the capacity is very nearly 
 reached. The rooms pertaining to the Relief and Aid Society are always occu- 
 pied, admittance to them being absolutely free. Of all other inmates an ad- 
 mission fee of $300 is charged, the applicant being required to furnish her 
 own room. They first enter upon six months' probation, and if the board of 
 managers for any reason should not deem it expedient to make them perma- 
 nent inmates the honorarium or admission fee paid will be returned, less $3 
 per week for each week she has been an inmate. Each applicant is visited 
 at her abiding place by a special committee, and all particulars of her needs 
 and deserts investigated before her application is brought before the board of 
 managers. Applicants admitted must be absolutely eligible in every particu- 
 lar. She must be at least 45 years of age and of good character, and must be 
 able to show that she has no adequate means of support ; she must have been 
 a resident of Chicago for the two previous years, and if she has children who 
 are able to support her she can not be admitted. While the rules governing 
 the domestic life of the home are of necessity enforced upon all alike, they are 
 so kindly intentioned that obedience sits but lightly upon the reasoning member 
 who appreciates the perfect harmony the regulations insure. Yet the man- 
 agement of sixty-eight old people, whose habits and natures are their own and 
 unchangeable, is quite different from governing an institution given over to 
 children, whose plastic minds conform easily to environment. It is quite 
 singular that the youngest matron in the city should be found in charge of 
 the oldest people. 
 
190 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Pioneer Aid and Support Association. — This society was organized to 
 support the families of those executed for participation in the Haymarket 
 massacre and those who are now at Joliet. 
 
 School for Deaf and Dumb. — Located at 409 May street, West Side. Con- 
 ducted by the religious of the Holy Heart of Mary and supported by the Eph- 
 pheta Society; Mrs. John Cudahy, president. Following are the directresses: 
 Mesdames John Cudahy, R. P. Travers, N. S. Jones, W. F. McLaughlin, 
 Starr, J. B. Sullivan, James Eagle, Thomas Duffy, J. J. Egan, M. Cudahy, 
 McLaughlin, J. A. Mulligan, J. H. Drury, J. B. Inderrieden, Z. P. Brosseau, 
 W. A. Amberg, M. Shields, E. A. Matthiessen, James Walsh, A. W. Green, 
 M. Sullivan, F. Henrotin, Morris Sellers, W. J. Quan, Thos. Lonergan, W. P. 
 Rend. The average number of deaf mutes in the school is about fifty, and 
 four experienced teachers are employed. Mrs. John Cudahy has devoted a 
 great deal of her time to this noble charity, as have also the other ladies 
 named. 
 
 Servite Sisters' Industrial Home for Girls. — Located at 1396 W. Van 
 Buren street. Take Van Buren street car or Madison street cable line. An insti- 
 tution for the care, protection and training of girls who have no homes or 
 homes unfit for them. Conducted by the Servite Sisters of Mary. Superior, 
 Mother Mary Francis. 
 
 Soldiers' Home Fund.— This fund amounts to about $70,000 and is the bal- 
 ance left from the result of the great Sanitary Fair held in Chicago during 
 the early part of the war. With the money then raised was established a 
 soldiers' rest or home, where troops going to the front from the Northwest 
 might be fed, and, if necessary, housed. It was a hospital, too, for the 
 wounded and sick who came back from the campaigns they had made. The 
 first home was in an old hotel at No. 75 Randolph street. The association 
 was incorporated and bought property at Thirty-fifth street and the lake, 
 where the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum now stands. Here a house was 
 built. Ladies canvassed the city for $1 subscriptions and raised a large sum 
 in this way. Mrs. Bristol, who is still one of the leading spirits of the associa- 
 tion, canvassed the whole of the North Side, then a series of scattering vil- 
 lages. The Thirty -fifth street property was sold, a block bought in South 
 Evanston, and a house built with part of the proceeds of the sale. Some of 
 the money was loaned on property on the North Side, and the rest on a block 
 on State street, near Archer avenue. The mortgages on both pieces of prop- 
 erty had to be foreclosed, and the association still owns the State street prop- 
 erty. That on the North Side was sold, and the money is now loaned out at 
 interest. When the Government had established soldiers' homes there was 
 no longer a necessity for maintaining the one here. The property was 
 therefore sold and the proceeds converted into a relief fund. 
 
 This fund has remained intact. It has not increased, because its entire 
 revenue has been expended in relieving those who were worthy of relief. 
 Not one dollar of the fund has ever been devoted to any other purpose, except 
 that annually $100 is paid for the use of a room in which to disburse the 
 money and for the services of a clerk. The officers of the association have not 
 made a charge of even so much as five cents for street-carfare, although they 
 regularly and systematically visit their pensioners and devote much time and 
 labor to their work. Each month they pay out about $300, the number of 
 recipients of their bounty varying from sixty to seventy-five. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 191 
 
 The first president of the board of managers was T. B. Bryan. He still 
 occupies this office. Mrs. L. H. Bristol, who disburses the fund, also enlisted 
 in 1861, and has not yet been mustered out. Mrs. William H. Myrick and 
 Mrs. Dr. Blain, of Hyde Park, are the only other members of the first board 
 who still hold their positions. The treasurer of the fund is Mrs. J. S. Lewis. 
 Other members of the board of managers are Mrs. Bravman, Mrs. Dr. Ham- 
 mell, Miss Blakey, Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Justice Bradwell, General Bever- 
 idge, and Mr. Henry Bacon, the secretary. The first Saturday of every 
 month Mrs. Bristol, the disbursing officer of the board, goes to the rooms of 
 the Chicago Relief and Aid Society to hold her reception. She finds waiting 
 for her a roomf ull of the expectant callers. As they come in they are given 
 numbered tickets fixing the order iu which they shall go to the table behind 
 a screen and receive from Mrs. Bristol the $2, $5, or f 10, or whatever sum 
 the case calls for. Very few receive as much as $10. 
 
 St. Joseph's Asylum for Boys.— Located on Crawford avenue, between W. 
 Diversy street and Belmont avenue. Take Milwaukee avenue car. 
 
 St. Joseph's Home.— Located at 409 S. May street, West Side. Take Blue 
 Island avenue or Twelfth street car. The principal object of this institution 
 is to afford a protecting home for respectable young girls out of employment, 
 until such time as suitable positions are secured for them, either as domes- 
 tics, sales ladies, cashiers, book-keepers, librarians, etc. The terms for board 
 are regulated according to the accommodations required, ranging in price 
 from $2 to $5 per week. There are a number of private rooms in the build- 
 ing, affording nice accommodationsto thoseyoung ladies who are employed in 
 various occupations down town and who appreciate the quiet rest their retreat 
 here affords them after the labors and bustle of the day. The building affords 
 accommodations for over 200 persons and is most conveniently and comfortably 
 arranged. Ladies who remain here find accommodations superior to those 
 afforded in hotels at a very high figure, not at all taking into consideration 
 the home-like quietness they enjoy, and the many spiritual advantages 
 besides. The institution is self-supporting. 
 
 St. Joseph's Female Orphan Asylum. — His Grace, the Most Reverend 
 Archbishop, gives this institution his especial attention. It is conducted by 
 the Sisters of the Congregation of St. Joseph, whose mother home is in 
 South St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Since 1871, it is located on Thirty -fifth street and Lake avenue, and was 
 founded in 1864. From the inception, the management has Dot ceased to 
 carry out its true object, that of training and educating destitute, homeless 
 children. The average number of inmates is 220. The asylum has no endow- 
 ments and nothing in the treasury; and it is only by the most pinching econ- 
 omy that the Sisters are enabled to make both ends meet. To the generosity 
 of "Archbishop Feehan and a few benefactors who give constant assistance, 
 the institution derives its main support. The children, as is usually under- 
 stood, have been deprived of one or both parents, and are dependent on the 
 charitable for their instruction and happiness. In order to prepare the chil- 
 dren for a life of usefulness, the Sisters endeavor to train them in house hold 
 economy, which will enable them to be successful and happy in whatever 
 station of life they may have to fill. The duty in assisting in different parts of 
 the house is assigned to each child according to her age. These duties are 
 
192 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 changed occasionally, giving eveiy child by this means a knowledge of the 
 necessity of order, cleanliness, economy and care in different kinds of house- 
 work. Their work consists of washing dishes sweeping and dusting in dor- 
 mitories, refectory, kitchen, halls, staircases and laundry. They also have 
 every afternoon several sewing classes. The larger girls learn to make their 
 dresses and other industries, the second size make the underwear for their use 
 and mend their clothes. Being taught to sew, they are furnished a means for 
 the future by which they can save their earnings by doing their own sewing. 
 Another source of improvement and recreation is the library, which contains 
 a number of volumes and is open to their use on Sunday. When a child is 
 received, she is immediately taken to the bath-room, where she is thoroughly 
 bathed and supplied with clean garments. A number is given her, whichshe 
 will find on every article for her use, that she may thus distinguish her comb, 
 towel, handkerchiefs, hose, books, etc., from those used by her companions. 
 Those who bring their own clothing to the institution are allowed to wear it. 
 The children are frequently adopted by good families or are sent out into 
 others to work, while it is understood that they are to be reared in a respect- 
 able manner. A glance into the daily routine will probably £ive a better 
 idea of the management of the institution. At 5:30 o'clock a. m. a sister 
 awakens the children, who are to assist at Mass celebrated in the asylum, 
 which commences about 6;20 o'clock. Shortly after Mass they repair to the 
 refectory for breakfast. After breakfast all go to the different duties which 
 have been assigned them, in the dormitories, school rooms, play room, etc. 
 The younger children go directly to the wash room, where they are combed, 
 washed and have their clean aprons put on for school. The whole house is 
 swept and dusted every day, the children performing this task under the 
 supervision of the Sisters, who lend their assistance and teach them to per- 
 form their work neatly and thoroughly. Great promptitude and diligence 
 are necessary, that all may be finished at the first school bell, which rings at 
 8:30 o'clock. At the first bell ; the children who have been assisting in the 
 different departments are sent to the wash-room to make their toilets and 
 change aprons for school. At 9 o'clock the second bell rings for the line to 
 form, and all are expected to repair to their various classes, when lessons are 
 began. 
 
 Following is the order of school exercises: Sixth grade — Christian Doc- 
 trine, Speller, Dictionary, Grammar, Geography, Fifth Reader, Practical 
 aud Mental Arithmetic. Fifth grade — Christian Doctrine, Speller, Diction- 
 ary, Grammar, Geography, United States History, Bible History, Fourth 
 Reader, Practical and Mental Arithmetic. Fourth grade — Catechism, Speller, 
 Third Reader, Practical and Mental Arithmetic. Third grade— Catechism, 
 Spelling, Second Reader, and Mental Arithmetic, Penmanship, Drawing from 
 objects and Singing included. 
 
 At 4 o'clock classes are dismissed, and the children play again until sup- 
 per time, and at 7:30 o'clock they go to bed. A Sister accompanies them and 
 remains with them. The children are never left alone, day or night, the Sis- 
 ters sleeping in their dormitories. Sister Mary Matilda is Superioress. 
 
 St. Joseph's Providence Orphan Asylum. — Situated near Pennock station, 
 on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway. Take train at Union depot, 
 Canal and Adams streets, West Side. The building stands on a slight c mi- 
 nence in the midst of a farm of forty acres. The interior arrangements of 
 the asylum are on a par with the advantages of space and pure air. The 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 193 
 
 largeclass-roomis well lighted and ventilated and each boy has a neatdesk. A 
 part of the curriculum is devoted to calisthenic exercises and each day the bright 
 looking youngsters swing the dumb bells and bar bells to enlivening tunes. 
 Down in the refectory the boys sit at long tables, where good food and plenty of 
 it is served out to them by the Sisters of St. Joseph. Soup, meat, vegetables, 
 bread and milk are given out, not in limited quantities. Meat twice a day is 
 the rule for the 180 American boys of all denominations. The dormitories 
 are capacious halls, filled with iron bedsteads, covered with blankets and 
 comforters. The whole house is heated by steam and has all the modern 
 improvements. 
 
 St. Paul's Borne for JVeicsboys.— Located at 359, 361, 363 W. Jackson st. 
 An institution devoted to the care and training of working boys, newsboys 
 and waifs of Chicago. It is under Catholic auspices, but receives boys of 
 any denomination, regardless of religious belief. It has a large number of 
 boys iu charge. Rev. D. S. A. Mahony, director. 
 
 Uhlich Evangelical Lutheran Orphan Asylum. — Organized 1867 by some 
 ladies connected with St. Paul's church. Incorporated 1869. First cared for, 
 only a few children in a small cottage, corner of La Salle avenue and Ontario 
 street. A larger building on Clark street, between Garfield and Webster 
 avenues, was rented later on, but this was swept away by the great fire. The 
 orphans were then brought to the Lake View school for shelter. Afterwards 
 the " Chicago Nursery and Half Orphan Asylum," 175 Burling street, took 
 the children up and boarded them. The ladies had saved up about $8,000, 
 and the Chicago Aid and Relief Society contributed $20,750, and they bought 
 twelve lots on Burling and Centre streets, where the present building was 
 erected during the fall and winter of 1872-73. This edifice received a brick 
 addition in the summer of 1889. The trustees are: Mr. Wm. Knoke, president; 
 Mr. J)hn L. Diez, treasurer; Mr. John Baur, secretary; Rev. R.A.John, 
 F. W. Porch, Wm. Schick, Wm. Keller, Jakob Huber, Conrad Furst, trustees; 
 superintendent, Geo. Zeising; matron, Mrs. Dora Zeising. 
 
 Waifs' Mission. — Located at 44 State street, Taylor E. Daniels, superin- 
 tindent. The object of the mission is the care of homeless boys, notably 
 those who are abandoned to the streets by their parents or other relatives. 
 Directors: Messrs. Walter Q. Gresham, Richard S. Tuthill, B. F. Hagaman, 
 J. Irving Pearce, F. E. Brown, B. F. Lighter, W. H. Cowles, A. II. Revell, 
 J. Harley Bradley, Lester C.Hubbard, and T. E. Daniels. Advisory Board : 
 Messrs. George M. Pullman, Ferd. W. Peck, De Witt C. Cregier, W. Penn 
 Nixon, C. M. Henderson, Joseph R. Dunlop, W. G. Beale, G. F. Swift, John 
 R. WiUon, W. J. Chalmers, R. R. Cable, Marvin Hughitt, Lyman J. Gage, 
 C. T. Yerkes, William Deering, T.'W. Harvey, E. W. Gillett, George E. 
 Marshall, J. M. Longenecker, T. B. Blackstone, D. K. Pearsons, and Potter 
 Palmer. During the eleven months ending Jan. 1, 1892, the statistics of the 
 Mission show the following : Six hundred and twenty-eight boys were admit- 
 ted to the home, of whom 419 received temporary board and lodging. The 
 average attendance at the Sunday-school was 570, and there were 326 religious 
 services held. During the eleven months 80,000 free meals, 16,860 free beds, 
 and 7,809 free baths were given, while over 17,000 articles of clothing were 
 distributed. In the Police Courts the cases of 840 boys were attended to, 
 which resulted in 469 discharges, forty-four sent to the Waifs' Mission, nine 
 
194 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 sent home, 135 fined, and 130 fined but execution stayed on promise of bet- 
 ter behavior. Only twenty were held to the Criminal Court, and thirty-two 
 cases were continued. Among the sick and poor 1,686 visits and investiga- 
 tions were made, and relief afforded as far as possible. The average number 
 of boys enrolled in the day school was forty-nine, while the attendance aver- 
 aged 78 per cent., a remarkably good showing for street children. Employ- 
 ment and permanent homes were found for 188 boys. The work done in 1890 
 by the mission was summarized as follows : There were 80,690 free meals fur- 
 nished to hungry children; 15,630 free beds; 3,593 free baths, and 1,100 hair- 
 cuts were given. In clothing the naked, 16,000 garments were given out, 
 besides many pairs of shoes, and much mending done gratis. The superin- 
 tendent appeared before the justices in 929 cases of boys and girls charged 
 with crime or misdemeanor of which 569 were discharged, 114 executions 
 t-tayed, 122 fined, 64 continued, 44 held to the criminal court (14 afterwards 
 liberated), 16 sent home (runaways), Fifty-six boys were placed in employ- 
 ment, and homes were found for 26 others. Among the sick and poor 2,254 
 investigations were made, while 896 subsequent visits were made in ttiese 
 cases and assistance was given. Of sick and homeless boys 22 were nursed 
 and 44 were sent to hospitals. There were 168 religious services held. 
 
 The total cash expenditure was $7,349.27, including rent, salaries, heat 
 and light, and all other expenses. Of this income $2,507.01 repiesents the 
 profits earned by the American Youth, a boys' weekly paper published by the 
 mission. In this connection the report shows that the superintendent, in addi- 
 tion to his other duties, earned $1,009.25 in cash, or over half of his salary, 
 by the advertising secured by him for the paper, the amount being calculated 
 on the basis of the percentage paid the regular advertising solicitor. The 
 report expatiates at some length on the printing plant, worth $2,500, which 
 has been secured, and in which the boys are taught the printers' art while 
 incideLtally " setting up " the paper or "kicking "jobs off the presses. The 
 statement is made that this is the most successful manual training so far 
 attempted among the waifs and the only form of trade-learning that seems to 
 hold their sustained interest. 
 
 Training School for Waifs. — Branch in connection with the Waif's 
 Mission. Not sufficiently advanced at this date to determine whether or not 
 it will be a success. 
 
 Young Ladies' Charity Circle. — A band of sixteen young ladies of the 
 West Side who give entertainments for the benefit of charitable institutions. 
 They have no stated place of meeting. The officers of the circle are: Presi- 
 dent, Miss Birdie Lewinsohn; vice-president, Miss Annie Gerber; secretary, 
 Miss Belle Davis; treasurer, Mrs. Eva Davis. The other members are: 
 Misses Bessie and Annie Stolofsky, Eva Lerber, Sara Paradise, Mollie Lew- 
 insohn, RayZohn, Miss Lipsky, Miss Uphert, Lena Barnett, Miss Goodkind, 
 Ray Nevens, Hattie Grosberg. 
 
 Young Men's Hebrew Charity Association. — One of the most active and 
 useful charitable organizations in Chicago. The ball given by tliis associa- 
 tion at the Auditorium early in the present year netted $14,000, or $2,000 
 more than any of its predecessors. This money was divided amoDg the 
 charities of Chicago as follows : Michael Reese Hospital, $0,000 ; Jewish 
 Training School of Chicago, $4,000 ; Y. M. H. C. A. Labor Bureau, * 1,000 ; 
 Contribution toward salary of superintendent of Labor Bureau, $800; Exe- 
 cutive Committee in Aid of Russian Refuges, $750 ; Library o* the Michael 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 195 
 
 Reese Hospital, $100 ; Truant Aid Society, $100 ; Policemen's Benevolent 
 Fund, $100 ; Firemen's Benevolent Fund, $100 ; Chicago Charity Hospital, 
 $200; Alexian Brothers' Hospital, $100; St. Elizabeth's Hospital, $100; 
 Provident Hospital and Training School Association, $100 ; Chicago Hospital 
 for Women and Children, $100 ; Altenheim, $1C0 ; Home for the Friendless, 
 $100. 
 
 CHRISTIAN ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 Church societies are referred to elsewhere. The following are the lead- 
 ing Christian organizations of a general character in the city: 
 
 Bible Institute. — The Bible Institute for home and foreign missions of the 
 Chicago Evangelization Society, which is a training school for evangelists 
 and other Christian workers, is situated — Ladies' Department, 228-232 
 La Salle avenue, next door to Moody's Church, Chicago avenue, and Men's 
 Department and Class Rooms, 80 West Pearson street, between La Salle 
 avenue and Wells street. Take Wells street or North Clark cable lines. 
 Dwight L. Moody is the founder and president. There are about one hun- 
 dred students of the bible in the Men's Department, and about fifty women. 
 In the musical department over five hundred students are enrolled, but these 
 are largely in evening classes. The object of the Institute is to give to men 
 and women — especially those who have not had the advantages of higher 
 education, and who wou'd otherwise, in many cases at least, be deprived of 
 special instruction in various lines of Christian work — that knowledge and 
 skill in the use of the Word, which will fit them to do efficient missionary 
 and evangelistic work. More than three hundred have already gone out and 
 are now engaged in work as pastors' assistants, missionaries, Sunday-school 
 missionaries, preaching and singing evangelists, lay helpers, pastors, church 
 visitors, etc. The demand for workers far exceeds the supply. The teaching 
 is done not only by those regularly connected with the Institute, but by 
 eminent men from all parts of America and Great Britain. 
 
 Bible Institute. — The Bible Institute or Training School for Evangelists 
 is situated next door to Moody's Chicago Avenue Church, Chicago avenue 
 and La Salle street. Take North Clark or Wells Street cable lines. From 
 this institute Daniel Moody, the evangelist, draws his assistant workers. 
 There are about seventy students of the Bible in the men's department con- 
 stantly and about half as many women. The object of the institute is to give 
 to men — largely those who have not had the advantages of higher education, 
 and who would otherwise, in many cases, at least, be deprived of special 
 instruction in lines of Christian work — that knowledge and skill in the use 
 of the Word as will fit them the better to do missionary and evangelistic 
 work. Not a few are in training as lay helpers, pastors' assistants and sink- 
 ing evangelists, and the school is but one evidence of the new aggressiveness 
 of the Church to match the modern aggressiveness of the World. 
 
 Central W. C. T. U. of Chicago. — Headquarters 161 La Salle street. In 
 addition to the general work of this association it conducts the Bethe&da 
 Mission, 606 South Clark street, with which is connected a day nursery, 
 kindergarten, Sunday-school, kitchen garden, free medical dispensary, relief 
 work and gospel meetings; the Talcott Day Nursery, 169 West Adams street, 
 with which is connected a day nursery, a kindergarten and an industrial 
 
196 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 school; the Anchorage Mission, 125 Third avenue; the Hope Mission and 
 Reading School, 166 North Halsted street; the Bethesda Inn, 408 South Clark 
 street, and the W. C. T. U. restaurant, 69 East Washington street. The 
 president is Mis. M. B. Carse; first vice-president, Mrs. J. B. Hobbs; recording 
 secretary, Mrs. E. P. Howell; treasurer, Mrs. C. G. Davis. The board of mana- 
 gers is as follows— MesdamesM.B. Carse, J. B. Hobbs, E. P. Howell, E. War- 
 ner, N. Norton, G. Bagley, G. Shipman, H. V. Reed, A. Bond, L. A. Hagans, 
 1. Jones, L. R. Hall, E. P. Vail, C. Goodman, U. Bruun, M. J. Haywood, H. J. 
 Berry, W. E. Kelley, L. M. Quine,C. E. Bigelow, T. D.Wallace, D. Fuller, Dr. 
 Winter, C. G. Davis, E. Ti app, C. B. S. Wilcox, H. R. Smith, M. W, Mabbs, 
 C. C. Lake, Miss Helen L. Hood. The missions, nurseries, kindergartens, 
 etc., of the W. C.T. IL, are all doing a splendid work in Chicago; so, also, is the 
 association'ssupervision of the work of the policematrons at the several stations. 
 The treasurer's report for the year ending March, 1890, showed: Balance 
 in treasury March 20, 1889, $2.92; receipts to March 20, 1890, $7,147.14; total, 
 $7,150.06; expenditures to March 20, 1890, $7,113.36; balance in treasury 
 March 20, 1890, $7,150.06. The object of the W. C. T. U., as stated in the 
 constitution of the association, is to plan and carry forward measures which 
 will, with the blessing of God, result in the suppression of intemperance in 
 our midst, and the highest moral and spiritual good of those needing reform; 
 and to this end to provide and maintain permanent buildings, rooms and 
 accommodations for the devotional, business and social meetings of the asso- 
 ciation, and to sustain and carry forward the mission and general work for 
 the suppression of intemperance and for moral reform, and to encourage and 
 aid such work in general by individual and auxiliary societies and associa- 
 tions. (See " National W. C. T. U." and " W. C. t. U. Building.") 
 
 Chicago Bible Society. — Depository and office, 89, 115 Dearborn street. 
 Officers — President, N. S. Bouton; first vice-presdent, H. W. Dudley; second 
 vice-president, Cyrus H. McCormick; treasurer, C. H. Mulliken; correspond- 
 ing secretary, T B. Carter; general secretary and agent, Rev. J. A. Mack; 
 auditor, C. W. Pritcbavd; business committee, N. S. Bouton, J. W. Farlin, 
 H. W. Dudley, C. H Mulliken, and Rev. J. A. Mack. Bible-work business 
 committee : Mrs. Mark Ayres, Miss E. Dwyer, corresponding secretaries; 
 Mrs. L. A. L. Shute, secretary, 49 S Ada street. 
 
 Christian Endeavor Society of Cook County. — President, P. F. Chase; gen- 
 eral secretary, Otto Buehlman. There are five divisions in the county, as 
 follows — Hyde Park, Oak Park, Q. Division, which takes in thirteen socie- 
 tieslocated on the lineof the Chicago, Burlington &Quincy Railroad; North- 
 western Division, which includes the societies located not alone on the North- 
 western road, but also those on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St, Paul, eight 
 all told; and the Evanston Division. Each of these divisions is in charge of 
 a secretary. The societies of the different divisions frequently hold sociables, 
 prayer meetings, etc. The reportfor last year shows an iucreaseof 13 junior 
 societies and 24 elder societies since the last convention, which makes a total 
 of 154 societies, when last year there were only 117. The membership one 
 year ago was 4,000, to-day it can boast of nearly 7,000. 
 
 The first society was organized in the Williston church, Portland, Me., 
 February 2, 1881, and in June last there were 11,013 societies, with a mem 
 bership of 660,000. It has principally to do with young people, and the fact 
 of such immense progress as the above figures show will be sufficient to enlist 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 197 
 
 the interest of all people who have any care for the coming generation of 
 men. The following is the statistical division of Chicago unions: 
 
 Unions. 
 
 Societies 
 
 Active 
 members. 
 
 Associate 
 members. 
 
 Total mem- 
 bership. 
 
 North Side ... 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 17 
 
 Vi 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 285 
 519 
 150 
 6:57 
 455 
 262 
 218 
 213 
 316 
 299 
 396 
 
 52 
 
 51 
 
 20 
 187 
 136 
 118 
 102 
 
 65 
 
 86 
 116 
 173 • 
 
 337 
 
 South Side 
 
 570 
 
 
 170 
 
 West Side (southern) 
 
 Evanston 
 
 814 
 591 
 380 
 
 
 3 5 
 
 Oak Park 
 
 278 
 
 "Q." 
 
 Englewood 
 
 Hyde Park 
 
 402 
 415 
 569 
 
 Total 
 
 110 
 
 3,740 
 
 1,106 
 
 4,846 
 
 
 The Cook County union is thorough in its organization and discipline, 
 and serves well to show the workings of the society. The cosmopolitan and 
 liberal christian spirit of the union are also better illustrated here than in 
 smaller places, for here the workings maybe seen in many different denomi- 
 nations of Christians and in many tongues. The visiting feature of the 
 union is a great source of knowledge and is resulting in much good. 
 Churches near and far which knew little or nothing of each other are becom- 
 ing acquainted. 
 
 National W. O. T. U. Headquarters.— The National W. C. T. U. head- 
 quarters are at present located in the suburb of Evanston, twelve miles from 
 the city. Take train at Wells Street depot, Wells and Kinzie streets, or at 
 Union depot, Adams and Canal streets. The headquarters will probably 
 remain at this place until the completion of the Temperance Temple in the 
 city. Miss Frances Willard, president of the National W. C. T. U., resides 
 at Evanston, as do also Mrs. Caroline B. Buell and Miss Esther Pugh, officers 
 of the Union. The rooms are on Davis street, only a short walk from the 
 railroad stations. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association. — Organized in the year 1858. Office 
 of General Board of Managers located at 148 Madisen street. Officers— John 
 V. Farwell, Jr., president, Cyrus H McCormick, first vice-president; H. M. 
 Hubbard, second vice-president; James L. Houghteling, treasurer; H. M. 
 Starkey, M. D., recordiDg secretary; J. H. Bradshaw, R. W. Hare, E. Burritt 
 Smith, John H. Leslie, A. B. Mead, N. S. Davis, Jr., M. D., C. C. Chapman, 
 John C. Grant, Seymour Walton, A. Kurz, W. I. Midler, F. M. Buck, D. W. 
 Potter, F. S. Osborne, W. G. Sherer; L. Wilbur Messer, general secretary; 
 W. T. Hart, assistant-general secretary. Board of Trustees — S. M. Moore, 
 president; A. L. Coe, vice-president; E. G. Keith, secretary and treasurer; 
 John V. Farwell, N. S. Bouton, Cyrus H. McCormick, A. G. Lane, George 
 M. High, B. F. Jacobs, Orrington"Lunt, H. E. Sargent. 
 
 Madison Street Department, 148 Madison street. — Committee of Man- 
 agement — H. M. Hubbard, chairman; D. W. Potter, vice chairman; Frank 
 
198 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Milligan, secretary; L. A. Trowbridge, John V. Farwell, Jr., R. W. Hare, J. 0. 
 Morris, Geo. L. Wrenn, A. P. White, J. S. Lane, MaxBaird, R. F. Goldsmith, 
 Frederick T. West, Thos. R. Lyras, J. E. Defebaugh, Seymour Walton ; Daniel 
 Sloan, department secretary; L. E. Buell, W. A. Sunday, C. E. Hillis, H. W. 
 Mixsell, A. F. Lee, E.R. Wilson, W. C. Beede, J. C. Maltby, assistant secre- 
 taries; E. L. Hayford, M. D., physical director; L. B. Smith, assistant physical 
 director. 
 
 Among the numerous privileges offered by this department to young men, 
 are, gymnasium, bath rooms, parlors, recreation and reading rooms, educa- 
 tional classes, lectures and entertainments, practical talks, religious meetings, 
 Bible-training classes, etc. The rooms are very cosily and attractively 
 furnished. 
 
 The reading room is an attractive, well-lighted and cheerful room, sup- 
 plied with easy chairs. The papers are conveniently arranged in racks. 
 Members will rind regularly filed the leading daily, weekly, secular and 
 religious newspapers, together with publications on science, art, mechanics, 
 education, architecture, etc. This room contains also a spacious and com- 
 fortable writing-table, and all needed material for writing can be had upon 
 application. The library tables are covered with choice literary, illustrated, 
 scientific and humorous periodicals. The library contains dictionaries, 
 cyclopedias, and a large collection of books on history, travel, poetry, biog- 
 raphy, fiction, science and theology. Books of special interest and import- 
 ance to young men will be suggested to members upon application to the 
 assistant sacretary. The parlor is supplied with comfortable chairs, is taste- 
 fully arranged, and is intended for conversation, reading, leisure, or musical 
 pistime. The amusement room is supplied with numerous games of skill, such 
 as chess, .checkers, crokinole, faba baga, base ball, croquet, authors, etc. The 
 large variety of games will provide for a number of members at a time. 
 
 West Side Department, Paulina and Madison Street, A. D. Mackay, 
 department secretary. — Gymnasium, bath rooms, membeis' parlors, recrea- 
 tion and reading rooms, educational classes, entertainments and lectures, prac- 
 tical talks and religious meetings. The rooms of the department are furnished 
 vtry attractively. 
 
 South Chicago Department, 9140-9142 Commercial Avenue, Thomas 
 Ratcliffe, department secretary. — Large and finely-equipped gymnasium, 
 with new tub and shower-baths, reading room, recreation room and parlor- 
 lectures, entertainments and socials, practical talks and religious meetings. 
 
 Ravenswood Department, Ravenswood, 111., R. J. Bennett, chairman; 
 L. B. Moore, department secretary. — Gymnasium, bowling alleys, bath- 
 rooms, lectures and entertainments, practical talks, receptions, religious 
 meetings, Bible-training classes and other privileges. This department occu- 
 pies a new building valued at $15,000. which has been but recently dedicated, 
 and all of its appointments and furnishings are of the finest and most home- 
 like order. Its supervision is under a committee of management, composed of 
 the leading resident and business men of Ravenswood. 
 
 Pullman Department, Pullman, 111. — Gymnasium, bath rooms, parlor, 
 religious meetings, Bible training classes and other privileges. 
 
 Garfield Boulevard Railroad Department, Garfield Boulevard and 
 Tracy Avenue, C. H. Smith, chairman; John G. Percy, department secre- 
 tary. — Gymnasium, bath rooms, bowling alley, reading room, religious meet- 
 ings, Bible-training classes, and other privileges especially designed for rail- 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 199 
 
 road men. This department occupies a building of its own, with modern and 
 home-like appointments, having its membership principally among railroad 
 men of that section of the city. 
 
 Kinzte Street Railroad Department, Kinzieand Canal Streets, E. H. 
 Duff, chairman; William Cook, department secretary. — Reading room, 
 parlor, bath room, receptions and other privileges for railroad men. The 
 membership of this department is largely composed of lailroad men in its 
 immediate vicinity. 
 
 German Department, Larrabee Street and Grant Place, A. Kurz, chair- 
 man; L. A. Horlacher, department secretary. — Gymnasium, bath rooms, 
 reading, recreation and conversation rooms, circulating library, educational 
 classes, receptions, religious meetings and other privileges. 
 
 Intercollegiate Department, W. F. Seymour, secretary. — This 
 department has the care of the work in the professional schools of the city. 
 
 There are connected with the association numerous features which con- 
 tribute toward making a membership in this organization both desirable and 
 valuable to young men. Among the privileges accorded are participation in a 
 connection with the following: Informalreceptions, trades receptions, members' 
 receptions, boarding-house register, home-like place, good company, friendly 
 counsel, general information, employment bureau, writing conveniences, care 
 in sickness, members' parlors, parlor games, reading room, current literature, 
 educational classes, entertainments, practical talks, literary society, reference 
 library, gymnasium, physical instruction, medical examination, healthful 
 baths, toilet conveniences, summer athletics, outing club, gospel meetings, 
 training classes, Bible classes, prayer meetings, teachers' meetings. Asso- 
 ciate members are young men over sixteen years of age, whose references as 
 to good moral character are satisfactory. Active members are young men 
 over sixteen years of age, who are members in good standing of some Evan- 
 gelical Church. A regular membership ticket, good in all departments, either 
 active or associate, requires an annual membership fee of five dollars. A mem- 
 bership may be obtained by any young man regardless of Church member- 
 ship or belief . The paid membership of the Chicago association is over five 
 thousand. The Chicago association is the second in the world in membership 
 and in the amount of money received annually for current expenses. 
 
 In the building of the Madison street department, 148 Madison street, are 
 located the offices of the State executive committee, the Western Secretarial 
 Institute, and the Young Men's Christian Association Training School. 
 
 Seven secretaries are employed in the Illinois State work, and the annual 
 expenditure by the State committee in the supervision of the associations of the 
 State is $16,000. [See " New Y. M. C. A. Building."] 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association ^Scandinavian). — Located at 183 N". 
 Peoria st. President, M. Ellingson; secretary, P. Hanson; treasurer, T. 
 Syvertson; librarian, K. Hall. This association has very comfortable rooms 
 and a large membership. 
 
 Young Woman's Christian Association. — Located at room 61, 243 Wa- 
 bash ave. Officers — President, Mrs. L. Stone; treasurer, Miss M. E. True; 
 corresponding secretary, Mrs. J. M. Brodie; recording secretary, Mrs. R. S. 
 Chamberlain; superintendent employment bureau. Miss I. Stobie, 243 Wa- 
 bash ave.; superintendent of dispensary, Dr. Odelia Blinn; superintendent 
 boarding-house (288 Michigan ave.), Mrs. Jones. The boarding-house 
 
200 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 has been overcrowded of late, but arrangements are being made for better 
 and more ample quarters. Young women are boarded at a nominal cost. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 The visitor will not be many hours in Chicago before he is impressed 
 with the number and beauty of the structures consecrated to divine worship. 
 Unlike some of the older American and European cities, however, he will 
 notice that there are no church edifices in the business center, nor along any 
 of the great business arteries. There were a number of handsome and costly 
 church buildings in the business district previous to 1871, but the great fire 
 swept them away. After the fire, the ground upon which they had stood 
 proved to be so valuable that the various church societies and congregations 
 decided either to sell or improve their "down town "real property, and build 
 their churches on less expensive ground and nearer the residence districts. 
 Among the churches that were to be found down town before the fire, were 
 the First Presbyterian church, on Wabash ave., near Jackson; the Second 
 Presbyterian at the northeast corner of Wabash ave. and Washington st. ; 
 St. Mary's Catholic church, at the southwest corner of Wabash ave. and 
 Madison St., where" St. Mary's block" now stands; the First Baptist 
 church on Wabash ave., and the Rev. Dr. Everts' (Episcopal) church. 
 There were many others not so well known and not so well remembered. 
 The Methodists, Presbyterians, Baptists, Unitarians, Roman Catholics, 
 Episcopalians, and, in fact, all denominations, lost heavily by the great fire, 
 both in the South and North divisions. Since then, however, they have all 
 prospered, and every year since has added to the magnitude, the costliness 
 and the beauty of the church edifices they have erected. 
 
 Location of Leading Churches. — The leading churches of the three 
 divisions of the city are removed to the extent of a street car trip from hotels 
 and depots of the South Side. On the West Side they are found principally 
 along Washington and Ashland blvds. or around Jeffereon and Union parks. 
 Centenary Methodist and the Second Baptist chuiches, two of the oldest in the 
 city, are located on Monroe and Morgan sts. On the North Side they are to 
 be found in the district north of Ontario and east of Clark sts., principally 
 on Dearborn ave. On the South Side they are to be found on Wabash ave., 
 Michigan blvd. , and in the district east of State st. and south of Twenty-second 
 st. Take West Madison cable line for West Side, North Clark st. cable line 
 or State st. horse line for North Side and Cottage Grove ave. cable line for 
 South Side. Two of the leading Independent churches of the city, however, 
 the Central and the People's, hold services in the Central Music Hall and 
 Columbia Theatre, respectively, only a short walk from the hotels. Prof. 
 Swing preaches at the former every Sunday; Dr. Thomas at the latter. 
 

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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 201 
 
 Popular Ministers and Preachers. — Popular ministers of the city and 
 those of whom the visitor is likely tohearoftenest, are Prof. David Swing, Cen- 
 tral Church, Central Music Hall, State and Randolph sts. ; Dr. H. W. Thomas, 
 People's Church, McVicker's Theatre, Madison st., near State St.; Simon J. 
 MacPherson, Second Presbyterian Church, Michigan blvd. and Twentieth St.; 
 F. J. Brobst, Westminster Presbyterian, Peoria and Jackson sts.; F. W. 
 Gunsaulus, Plymouth Congregational, Michigan ave., near Twenty-sixth St.; 
 Rabbi E. G. Hirsch, Sinai Congregation, Indiana ave. and Twenty-first st.; 
 Dr. John H. Barrows, First Presbyterian, Indiana ave. and Twenty-firstst.; 
 H. H. Barbour, Belden Avenue Methodist Church, Belden ave and Halsted 
 St.; Dr. P. S. Hensen, First Baptist Church, South Park ave. and Thirty first 
 st.; Rev. Fred Campbell, Jefferson Park Presbyterian Church, Adams and 
 Throopsts.; State St., near Twenty-third St.; Dr. "W. M. Lawrence, Second 
 Baptist Church, Morgan and Monroe sts.; Dr. E. P. Goodwn, First 
 Congregational Church, Washington boulevard and Ann • street; Dr. 
 F. A .Noble, Union Park Congregational Church, Washington blvd. 
 and Ashland avenue.; Rt. Rev. William E. McLaren, Episcopal Cathedral, 
 Washington blvd. and Peoria St.; Rev. Dr. Clinton Locke, Grace Episcopal 
 Church, 1445 Wabash ave,; Rt. Rev. Charles E. Cheney, Christs Episcopal 
 Church, Michigan ave. and Twenty -fourth St.; Rt. Rev. Samuel Fallows, St. 
 Paul's Episcopal, Adams st. and Winchester ave. ; J. P. Brushingham, Ada 
 Street M. E. Church, Ada st., between Lake and Fulton sts. ; Robert Mclntyre, 
 Grace M. E. Church, cor. La Salle ave. and Locust st.; Dr. William Fawcett, 
 Park Avenue M. E. Church, Park ave., corner Robey st.; Frank M. Bristol, 
 Trinity M. E. Churrh, Indiana ave,, near Twenty-fourth St.; Dr. W. T. 
 Meloy, First United Presbyterian Church, Monroe and Paulina sts.; Dr. M. 
 W. Stryker, Fourth Presbyterian Church, Rush and Superior sts.; Dr. John 
 L. Withrow, Third Presbyterian Church, Ashland blvd. and Ogden ave.; 
 Jenkins Lloyd Jones, All Souls' Church, Oakwoodblvd. andLangleyave.; T. 
 G. Milsted, Unity Church, Dearborn ave. and Walton place; J. Colman 
 Adams, St. Paul's Unitarian Church, Prairie ave. and Thirtieth st. 
 
 Christian Churches. — The Christian Churches of the city are located as 
 follows: First Church, W. Jackson st. and Oakley ave.; Central, Indi- 
 ana ave. and Thirty-seventh st.; Christian (colored), Apollo Hall, 2719 
 Dearborn st. ; North Side, Cooks' Hall, Lincoln ave. and Sheffield ave.; 
 West Side, 303 and 3)5 S. Western ave. 
 
 Congregational Churches.— The Congregational Churches of the city are 
 located as follows: Bethany, Superior and Lincoln sts.; Bethlehem, 
 Chapel, 709 Loomis St., Bowmanville, Bowman ville; California Avenue, 
 California ave. and W. Monroe; Central Park, W. Forty -first and Fulton 
 st.; Brighton, W. Thirty-fourth near Lincoln st. ; Church op the 
 Redeemer, School st., near Evanston ave.; Cltnton Street, S. Clinton and 
 Wilson sts.; Covenant, W. Polk st., nw. corner Claremont ave.; Cragin, 
 Armitage ave. , near Grand ave. ; Douglas Park, 903 Sawyer ave. ; Duncan 
 Avenue, Duncan ave., near Seventy-seventh st.; Emanuel (colored), 2811 
 State st.; Englewood, School and Sixty -fourth sts., Englewood; Engle- 
 wood North, La Salle and Fifty-ninth sts.; Englewood Trinity, Wright 
 and Sixty-ninth sts.; First, Washington blvd., sw. corner Ann St.; First 
 (Scandinavian), Point and Chanav sts.; Forestville, Champlain ave. and 
 Forty-sixth st. ; German Pilgrim, W. Fulton and W. Forty-first sts. ; Grace, 
 Powell ave. and Cherry pi.; Humboldt Park,W. Chicago ave., near N. Calil 
 
202 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 (Scandinavian), North California avenue and Armitage avenue; Forest 
 ville, Champiain avenue and Forty-sixth street; German Pilgrim, Ayera 
 avenue and Elmer street; Grace, Powell avenue and Cherry pi.; Hermosa, 
 Howard ave. and Cortland; Humboldt Park, W. Chicago ave., nearN. Cali- 
 fornia avenue; Immanuel, State and Twenty-eighth streets; Jefferson 
 Park, Jefferson Park; Johannes (German), Franklin street, near Eugenie 
 stree.; Lakeview, Seminary and Lill avenues; Leavitt Street, Leavitt 
 street and s.w. corner W. Adams street; Lincoln Park, Garfield avenue and 
 Mohawk street; Millard Avenue, S. Central Park avenue, se. corner W. 
 Twenty-third street; New England, Dearborn avenue and Delaware place; 
 Pacific, Cortland and Ballou streets; Plymouth, Michigan avenue, near 
 Twenty sixth street; Raven swood, Commercial and Sulzer streets; Rose- 
 hill, Rosehill; isardis (Welch), Peoria street near Jackson street; Sedgwick 
 Branch, Sedgwick and Blackhawk streets; South, Drexel boul., nw. 
 corner Fortieth street. South (German], Ullman street and James avenue; 
 South Chicago, South Chicago; South Park, Madison avenue and Fifty- 
 sixth street; Swedish, South Peoria and Fifty-ninth streets; Summerdale, 
 near Summerdale depot, Lake View; Tabernacle, W. Indiana street, se. 
 corner Morgan street; Union Park, S. Ashland avenue and Washington 
 boul.; Union Tabehnacle, South Ashland avenue and W. Twentieth street; 
 Warren Avenue, Warren avenue, sw. corner Albany avenue; Zion, Fifty- 
 sixth and S. Green streets. 
 
 Congregational Missions. — The following are the Mission Churches con- 
 ducted by the Congregationalists: Armour, Thirty-third street, near Butter- 
 field st.; Ashland Avenue, Ashland avenue and Twelfth street; California 
 Avenue, California avenue and Filmore street; Chinese, Washington boul. 
 and S. Ann street: Commercial Avenue, Commercial avenue, near Nineiy- 
 sixth street (S. C); Doremus, Butler street, near Thirty-first street; Grace 
 land, near Graceland Cemetery; Harrison Street, Harrison street, near 
 Halsted street; Hegewisch, Hegewisch; House of Hope, 210 W. Indiana 
 street; Hoyne Avenue, W. Nineteenth street, near Leavitt street; Maple- 
 wood; Maplewood; Oakley Avenue, W. Indiana street, near Oakley 
 avenue; Randolph, 79 W. Randolph street; Pullman [Swedish], Pullman; 
 Robey Street, N. Robey street, near Clybourne avenue; Swedish, Lock 
 and Thirty first streets; Thirteenth Street, 533 W. Thirteenth street; 
 W. Harrison Street, W. Harrison street, near Kedzie avenue; Went- 
 worth Avenue [Swedish], Wentworth avenue and Thirty ninth street. 
 
 Baptist Churches. — The Baptist Churches of the city are located as fol- 
 lows: Belden Avenue, N. Halsted st. and Belden ave. ; Bethany, Lock and 
 Bonaparte sts.; Bethesda (Colored), Thirty -fourth st., se. cor. Butterfield 
 st.; Centennial, W. Jackson st., cor. Lincoln st. ; Covenant, No. 330 Sixty- 
 third st.; First, Englewood ave., near Stewart ave.; Englewood (Swedish), 
 Wentworthst.,southof Forty-ninth st. ; Evangel, Dearborn and Forty -seventh 
 sts. ; First, South Park ave. and Thirty-first st.; First (German), Bickerdike 
 and W. Huron sts.; First (Swedish), Oak St., near Sedgwick st.; Fourth, 
 Washington blvd., nw. cor. Paulina st.; Humboldt Park, Humboldt and 
 Cortland sts.; Hyde Park, Madison ave. and Fifty-fourth St., Hyde Park; 
 Immanuel (W. S.), Michigan ave., near Twenty-third st. ; Irving Park, Irv- 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 203 
 
 ing Park; Lake View, School street, near Lincoln avenue; Langley Avenue, 
 Langley avenue and Seventy-first stieet; La Salle Avenue, La Salle 
 avenue, near Division street; Memorial, Oakwood boul,, near Cottage Grove 
 avenue; Millard Avenue, Millard avenue, se. corner W. Twenty-fourth 
 street, Lawndale; North Ashland Avenue, N. Ashland avtnue, near W. 
 North avenue; Olivet (Colored), Harmon court and Holden place; Provi- 
 dence (colored), 26 N. Irving place; Pullman (Swedish), Pullman; Scan- 
 dinavian Bethel, Rockwell street, near Humboldt Park; Scandinavian 
 Pilgrim, N. Carpenter and Ohio streets; Second, Morgan street, sw. corner 
 W. Monroe street; Second [German], Burling and Willow streets; Second 
 [Swedish], 3018-3020 Fifth avenue, near Thirty : fiist street; Shiloh [colored], 
 430 Sixty-third street; South Chicago, South Chicago; South Chicago, 
 [Swedish], Fourth avenue and Ninety-eighth street; Western Avenue, 
 Warren aveuue, nw. corner N. Western avenue. Woodlawn Park, Wood- 
 lawn Park. 
 
 Baptist Missions. — The following are the Mission churches conducted by 
 the Baptists : Bohemian, Throop and Sixteenth sts. ; Congress, Washtenaw 
 ave. atid Flournoy st. ; Dearborn, 3740 State st. ; Hastings Street, Hastings 
 st. near Ashland* ave.; Hope, Noble St., sw. corner W. Superior; Ogden 
 Avenue, 643 Ogden ave., in connection with Centennial Church; Raymond, 
 Poplar ave. and Thirtieth St.; Wabansia, 353 Wabansia ave. 
 
 Evangelical Association of North America {German). — The location of 
 the churches of this denomination is as follows : Chicago District, Presiding 
 Elder, Rev. A. Fuessele, residence 658 Sheffield ave. Adams Street, W. 
 Adams and Robey sts. ; First, Thirty -fifth and Dearborn sts. ; Centennial, 
 W. Harrison, sw. corner Hoyne ave.; Humboldt Park, Wabansia ave., 
 corner N. Rockwell St.; Lane Park, Roscoe and Bosworth sts. ; Salem, W. 
 Twelfth and Union sts. ; Second, Wisconsin and Sedgwick sts.; Emanuel, 
 Sheffield ave., ne. corner Marianna St.; St. John's, Noble and W. Huron 
 sts. 
 
 Evangelical Lutheran {English) Churches. — The Evangelical Lutheran 
 (English) Churches of the city are located as follows : Church op the 
 Holy Trinity, 398 La Salle ave.; Grace, Belden ave. and Larrabee St.; St. 
 Pauls, Fairfield and Hoyne aves.; Wicker Park, N. Hoyne ave., nw. 
 corner LeMoyne st. 
 
 Evangelical Lutheran {Danish). — The Evangelical Lutheran (Danish) 
 Churches of the city are located as follows: St. Stephens, Dearborn and 
 Thirty-sixth sts.; Trinity, 440 and 442 W. Superior st.; Bethel, W. Lakeand 
 Forty-second sts. 
 
 Evangelical Lutheran {German) — The Evangelical Lutheran (German) 
 Churches of the citv are located as follows : Andreas, 3650 Honore ; Beth- 
 lehem, N. Paulina and McReynolds sts. ; Christ, Humboldt and Byron aves. ; 
 Church of The Holy Cross, Ullman st., nw. cor. James ave.; Emanuel, 
 Twelfth st. and Ashland; ave., Gethsemane, 4407 Wentworth ave.; Gnaden, 
 169 and 171 Twenty-third pi., near Portland ave.; Grand Crossing, Grand 
 Crossing; Marcus, 1119 California ave.; Martini, 4838 Loornis ; Nazar- 
 eth, Forest ave., near Fullerton ave.; Pullman, Pullman ; St. Jacobi, Fre- 
 mont st., sw. cor. Garfield ave.; St. Johannes, Jefferson; St. John's, W. 
 Superior and Bickerdike sts.; St. Lucas, Belmont ave., Lake View; St. 
 
204 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Mark's, Ashland and Augusta St.; St. Matthew's, Hoyne ave., bet. 
 Twentieth and Twenty-first sts. ; St. Paul's, Supeiior and N. Franklin sts ; 
 St. Peter's, Dearborn St., south of Thirty -ninth St.; St. Simon's, 1339 W. 
 North ave.; St. Stephen's, 838 Chestnut; St. Stephen's, Went worth ave., 
 northwest cor. Twenty-fifth st.; South Chicago, S. Chicago ; St. Thomas', 
 Washtenaw ave. and Iowa St.; Trinity (U. A. C), Hanover st. and Twenty- 
 fifth pi.; Trinity (West Chicago), 9, 11 and 13 Snell st. Washington Heights; 
 Zion, W. Nineteenth st., cor. Johnson st. 
 
 Evangelical Lutheran (Norwegian). — The Evangelical Lutheran (Norwe- 
 gian) Churches of the city are located as follows : Bethnia, W. Indiana St., 
 se. cor. Carpenter st. ; Bethlehem, W. Huron st., cor. N.Centre Ave,; 
 Emanuel, Perry ave. and Cherry; Norwegian, N. Franklin and Erie sts.; 
 Our Saviour's, May and W- Erie sts.; St. Paul's, N. Lincoln and Park sts.; 
 St. Peter's, Hirsch st. and Seymour ave.; Trinity, W- Indiana St., sw. cor. 
 Peoria st. 
 
 Evangelical Lutheran (Separatists) Churches. — The Evangelical Lutheran 
 (Separatists) Churches of the city are located as follows : Church of Peace, 
 N. Wood and Iowa streets; First Church, 270 Augusta St., near Samuel st. 
 
 Evangelical Lutheran (Swedish) Churches. — The Evangelical Lutheran 
 (Swedish) Churches of the city are located as follows : Mission, N. Franklin 
 ave., cor. Whiting st. ; Gethsemane, May and W. Huron sts.; Immanuel, 
 Sedgwick and Hobbie sts.; Salem, Portland ave, and Twenty-eighth st. ; 
 Tabernacle, S. LaSalle and Thirtieth sts. 
 
 Evangelical ( United) Churches. — The Evangelical (United) Churches of the 
 city are located as follows: Church of Peace, Fifty-second and Justine; 
 Emanuel's, Forty-sixth and Dearborn; First German* St. Paul's, Ohio St., 
 sw. cor. La Salle ave.; Second German, Zion, Union st., nw. cor. W. Four- 
 teenth st.; Third German, Salem, 368-372 Twenty -fifth st., near Wentworth 
 ave. ; Fourth German, St. Peter's, Chicago ave. and Noble st ; Fifth Ger- 
 man, St. John's, Cortland st. near Seymour ave.; Lukas, Sixty-second, cor. 
 Green; Markus, Thirty-fifth, cor. Dashiel; Petri. Colehour; Sixth Ger- 
 man, Bethlehem, Diversey ave, and Lewis st. ; St. Nicholas, Avondale; 
 Trinity Church, W. Twenty-fourth st., sw. cor. S. Robey St.; Zion's, 
 Auburn Park. 
 
 Evangelical Reformed. — The First German church of the Evangelical 
 Reformed denomination is located at 177-179 Hastings st.; Third Friedens, 
 1330 Wellington. 
 
 Episcopal (Reformed) Churches. — The Episcopal (Reformed) Churches of 
 Chicago are located as follows: Synod of Chicago, bishop, Rt. Rev. Charles 
 E. Cheney, D. D. Christ, Michigan ave. and Twenty-fourth St.; Emanuel, 
 Hanover and Twenty-eighth sts.; St. John's, Thirty-seventh st, cor. Lang 
 ley ave.; St. Mark's, Maplewood; St. Mark's Mission, Humboldt Park; 
 St. Matthew's, Fullerton ave. and Larrabee sts.; Trinity, Englewood; 
 Tyng Mission, Archer ave. and Twenty-first st.; St. Ansgarius, Sedgwick 
 st. near Chicago ave.; St. Barnabas', Park ave. and Forty-fourth St.; St. 
 Bartholomew's, Sixty -fifth sc. and Stewart ave. ; St. George's, Grand Cross- 
 ing; St. Luke's, 388 S. Western ave.; St. Mark's Cottage Grove ave. and 
 Thirty-ninth st.; St. Paul's, 4928 Lake ave, 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 205 
 
 Episcopal Reformed Missionary. — Jurisdiction of the Northwest and "West, 
 Rt. Rev. Samuti fallows, D. D., bishop; St. Paul's Church, W. Adams st., 
 cor. Winchester ave. 
 
 Episcopal Churches.— -The Episcopal Churches of the city are located as 
 follows — Bishop of Diocese of Chicago, Rt. Rev. William E. McLaren, 
 D.D..D.C. L., office 18 S. Peoria st., residence 255 Ontario st. All Saints', 
 757 N. Clark; All Saints', Ravenswood; Cathedral SS. Peter and 
 Paul, Washington blvd. and Peoria St.; Calvary, Western av. and Monroe 
 st.; Christ, Sixty-fourth st. and Woodlawn av.; Church op Atonement, 
 Edgewater; Church of Our Savior, Lincoln and Belden aves. ; Church of 
 St. Clement, State and Twentieth st. ; Church of St. Philip the Evan- 
 gelist, Archer ave. and Thirty-fifth st. ; Church of the Ascension, N. 
 La Salle and Elm; Crurch of the Epiphany, S. Ashland ave., corner W. 
 Adams, Church of the Good Shepherd, Millard ave. ; Chuech of the 
 Redeemer, Fifty-seventh st. and Washington ave.; Church of, the Trans- 
 figuration, Prairie ave. and Thirty-ninth st.; Grace, 1445 Wabash ave. near 
 Sixteenth st.; St. Alban's, State st. near Forty-fifth; St. Andrews, Washing- 
 ton blvd. and Robey st. ; St. James', cor. Cass and Huron St.; St. John's (So. 
 Chicago.) Commercial ave. and Ninety-second St.; St. Peter's, 1532 N. 
 Clark; St. Stephen's, Johnson st. near W. Taylor st.; St. Thomas' (colored) 
 Dearborn st. near Thirtieth st. ; Trinity, Michigan ave. and Twenty sixth st. 
 
 Episcopal Missions and Chapels. — The Missions and Chapels conducted by 
 the Episcopalians are as follows: Advent Mission, W. Madison, near 
 Albany ave. ; Chapel of St. Luke's Hospital, 1430 Indiana ave. ; Douglas 
 Park Mission, superintendent, Rev. H. W. Scaife, M. D.; Holy Trinity, 
 Stock yards; Home for Incurables, Ellis ave., south of Fifty-fifth St.; Mis- 
 sion of Nativity, W. Indiana st., near Lincoln st.; Sisters of St. Mary 
 Chapel, Washington blvd. and Peoria; St. James' Mission, Elm st. 
 
 Free Methodist Churches. — The Free Methodist Churches of Chicago are 
 located as follows: First, 16 N. May; Second, 447 Ogden ave.; South 
 Side, 5251 Dearborn st.; Milwaukee Avenue, Mozart st. near Armitage 
 ave. ; South Chicago, So. Chicago. 
 
 Independent Churches. — The Independent Churches of Chicago are located 
 as follows: Chicago Avenue (Moody's), Chicago ave. nw. corner LaSalle 
 ave.. Central Church (Swing's), Central Music Hall, State st., se. corner 
 Randolph st.; Market Street Mission, 38 Kinzie st. ; People's Church 
 (Thomas'). McVicker's Theatre. 
 
 Jewish Synagogues. — The Jewish Synagogues of the city are located as 
 follows: Anshe Emes, 341 Sedgwick st.; Anshe Kanesses Israel, se. cor. 
 Judd and Clinton sts.; Anshe RussiaPola-Sedek, S. Clinton cor. Twelfth; 
 Congregation Beth Hamedrash Hach Odosch, 439 Clark St.; Congrega- 
 tion Beth Hamedrash 134 Pacific ave.; Congregation B'nai Abraham, se. 
 cor. Wright st. and Newberry ave.; Congregation Emanuel, 280 and 282 
 N. Franklin st.; Congregation Ohaveh Emunah, 386 Clark st.; Congre- 
 gation Ohaveh Sholom, 582 S. Canal st.; Congregation of the North 
 SiDE.ne. cor. Rush st. and Walton pi.; Congregation Moses Montefiore, 
 130 Augusta st. ; Congregation Bethel, N. May st. near W. Huron st. ; 
 Kehilath Anshe Maariv (Congregation of the men of the West), Indiana 
 ave. and Thirty-third st, ; Kehilath B'nai Sholom (Sons of Peace), Twenty- 
 sixth, cor. Indiana; Sinai Congregation, Indiana ave. and Twenty-first St.; 
 Zion Congregation, se. cor. Washington blvd. and Ogden ave. 
 
206 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Churches. — The Methodist Episcopal Churches of 
 the city are located as follows: Ada Street, Adast., between W. Lake 
 and Fulton sts. ; Asbury, 3120 and 3122 Fifth ave. ; Auburn Park, Auburn 
 Park; Avondale, Avondale: Bethany, ne. cor. Francisco and W. Jackson 
 sts. ; Brighton Park, nw. cor. Thirty -eighth st. and Washtenaw ave.; Cen- 
 tenary, 295 W. Monroe St., near Morgan st.; Chicago Lawn, Chicago Lawn; 
 Cummings, Cuinmings; Deering, nw. cor. Ward, and Dunning sts. ; Doug- 
 las Park, 624 S. Washtenaw ave.; Englewood, 6410 Stewart ave.; Erie 
 Street, W. Erie st. near N. Robey st.; Fifty-Fourth Street, Fifty-fourth 
 and Peoria sts. ; First, Clark and Washington sts. ; Forty-Seventh, Forty- 
 seventh and Dreyer sts.; Fulton Street, 891 and 893 Fulton st, west of 
 Oakley ave.; Garfield Park, W. Lake, cor. Homan ave.; Grace, LaSalle 
 ave. and Locust St.; Grace, Kensington; Grand Crossing, Grand Crossing; 
 Gross, Gross Park; Halsted Street, 778 to 784 S. Halsted st. ; Harrison 
 and Forty-second st. ; Hegewisch, Hegewisch ave., south of One hundred and 
 Thirty-third st.; Hermosa, Hermosa; Humboldt Park, Humboldt Park; 
 Hyde Park, Hyde Park; Irving Park, Irving Park; Kenwood, 83 Forty- 
 third st. ; Leavitt and DeKalb, N. Ogden ave.; Lincoln Street, se. cor. 
 Ambrose and S. Lincoln sts.; Marshfield Avenue, Marshfield St., south 
 of W. Van Buren st. ; Moreland, Moreland; Normal Park, Normal Park; 
 North ave; Northwest, Homer st. west of junct. Milwaukee and Western 
 ave. ; Oakland, sw. cor. Langley ave. and Oakland blvd.; Park Avenue, 
 se. cor. Robey st. and Park ave.; Park Manor, 6758 S. Chicago ave., 
 Park Side; Paulina Street, 3342 S. Paulina st., near Archer ave.: Pullman, 
 Pullman; Ravenswood, Commercial and Sunnyside ave.; Sacramento 
 Avenue, Sacramento ave. head of Adams st. ; Sheffield Avenue, Sheffield 
 ave. and George st. ; Simpson Mission, LaSalle and Fifty-ninth sts.; Sixty- 
 fourth and Loomis; South Chicago, ne. c >r. Ninety-first st. and Superior 
 ave.; South Englewood, Murray, cor. Eighty-seventh st.; South Park 
 Avenue, Thirty-third st. and South Park ave. ; State Street, 4637 State 
 st.; St. Paul's, W. Taylor st. and Center ave.; Trinity, Indiana ave. near 
 Twenty-fourth st.; Wabash Avenue, Fourteenth st. and Wabash ave.-, 
 Wesley, 1003 and 1009 N. Halsted St.; Western Avenue, W. Monroe st., 
 and Western ave.; Vicker Park Mission, Milwaukee and W. North aves. ; 
 Winter Street, N. W. Gordon and Dashiel sts. ; Woodlawn Park, Wood- 
 lawn Park. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal {African) Churches. — The Methodist Episcopal 
 African) Caurches of the city are as follows: Allen, Avondale; Bethel, 
 Arlington Hall, Thirty-first; Quinn's, Central Hall, Wabash ave. ; St. 
 Stephen's, 632 Austin ave.; Zion, Dearborn St., between Twenty-ninth and 
 Thirtieth sts. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal {Bohemian) Churches. — The Methodist Episcopal 
 (Bohemian) Churches of the city are located as follows: First, 778 S. Hal- 
 sted st. ; Second, S. Halsted and W. Twelfth. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal {German) Churches. — The Methodist Episcopal (Ger- 
 man) Churches of the city are located as follows: Ashland Avenue, 485 N. 
 Ashland ave. ; Centennial Mission, Wellington and Sheffield aves. , Lake View ; 
 Center Street, nw. cor. Dayton and Centre sts.; Clybourne Avenue, 51 
 and 53 Clybourne ave.; Deering Mission, Clybourne ave., near Fullerton 
 ave.; Ebeneezer, sw. cor. Thirty-first and Ullman sts.; Fullerton Avenue, 
 ne, cor, N. Western ave. and W r Fullerton ave.; Immanuel, 832 and 834 W. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 207 
 
 lZS?T%£%&FS£&$Si a 8 ! 8 M R xwe11 £ ; PoET — A ™. 
 
 (No™ g ttfcfs'M 
 
 Huron and Bickerdike 1 F,»2 " 6 „ l0Ca <= ted as tolIows: Emanuel, W. 
 
 Moreland, Moretad; Park S?de- ^l, ,n rr an 5 W - Indi »»aW S . ; 
 
 »A a «j^^(|S Thompson. 
 
 ish) Churches of the city are located as to lii™. An? ° dlSt ? plSCOpa! (Swed " 
 aud F.fty-seeond sts.; ^SMtaSth&t^' At ^ ntiC 
 Avenue, ne. cor. Thirty-third; First N Etl^v ^? aTe ' ; FlFTH 
 Jefferson; Humboldt Park FafrflVlH A™ £ 0a L k sts - f °kest Glen, 
 
 Baxter st! and N.K"ito'^H}T T 2"f t ^> Lake View 
 Erie sts.; Pullman Arcade blvd Si « y s ^' betwe en W. Ohio and 
 
 IooiSfSg^:2^-I^ P "S^^^-»I.- of the city are 
 HumboldtPark blvd., north oi ^Humboldt ^ark Oam™7 P™ 8 ' ; ? E ™ ANY . 
 and Campbell Park; Brookline, B^kliif cS^^A^r^T*- 
 nw. cor. Sacramento ave., Occidental Hall- (Ci ' Pa »k W. Madison, 
 cor. Belden ave. and N Hals ted st Fir™ r£ THE CovEKA1 ™. se. 
 
 Washington blvd.; Fifth Church ThfrtWW HCK ^V W ' cor ' Robe y and 
 Avenue, Emerald ave "and TSixtVSvenh st F^tCh™™ '^ ; EMEEALD 
 Sixty-fourth and Yale sts ■ First SI V * . IRST Church of Englewood, 
 
 FiiJt (German) Church ^Vraowco^Schard^l,^ f^ ^ST*" 1 rt - 
 Sangamon and W. Adams sts. First (Un ted Ctahls'w'p* ^""^'J- 
 Monroe sts.; Fortt-first Street Pmiril!^ f 1' S ' ^ Paul 'na and W. 
 Rush and Superior sts' Ful!er™4 A v=J- and Fort y- flrst ■*•! Fourth, 
 Fullerton .»eTG^%^^2S^™i, ,l !fi 1 ,^ f La, ?? b ^ st ' and 
 Noble aud W. Erie sts • Hyiw P mT? d I t lhlrt y-f°urth; Holland, 
 Thirty-flrst st. ; J^^pln^W^J^a SoTsts' V?"" ^ and 
 Forty-second and Winter sts • T iu-V v™Ir # \hroop sts.; Lake, nw. cor. 
 Moreland, Fulton and W Fortv ei JbU, I^^kt 5 ' 011 aTe ^ aDd Addison ■*■! 
 cor. Yale; Pullm™, Pnllln Ra^lToad &*^ P A ™, Sixty-ninth,' 
 
 School sts.; South ? Chicag .South C„ii„t ,XT T™ S ™ EET . Sixtieth and 
 
 WooD'AWNP^RKrVoodhlwrpkrk 6 - COr ' SaDgam0D aDd W ' MonroeTs 1 ; 
 
 are &Z%£^£* *t»*S * ^ P -*^crians 
 
 Hope, Au-usta st n e ,r WW*™ r ' X went / r " thlrd st ' and WeGtwor ^ ave.; 
 Onward W. Indiana rindXie .^V Gro^ PaVZo^ ^V™^ 
 Christ Chapel, Center and Orchard sts -WKsTomo^f 00 ^? ^ GrosS; 
 near Lawndale ave.;Ei,STON Ave*™ FW, ' 0h, ° Street, W. Ohio St., 
 Englewood Heights, E7gTtymTn tb cor pill VSi."!?' Puller '°° a™. 
 Noble; Fifty-fifth Street VrmcIi m Iff h « 2L ^I'*?? 1 " Erie . c »f- 
 DesPlaines st. ; Hegewisch, S. Cbfcago a4 cor l'33d ?■ fj PoSTE V 73 S. 
 Lnrrabeest., near Clybourne ave - mIdica i* ' ooJi w , t; Laera bfe Street, 
 Avenue, Colorado /ve„ near^/lS^ O^Z^lo^o^ 
 
208 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Wentworth Avenue, Wentworth ave., near Forty-third st. ; South Chi- 
 cago avenue, J cor. 100th. West Chicago Avenue, Chicago ave., cor. 
 Lawndale. Services are held at all these Missions at 3 p. m. Sundays. 
 
 Presbyterian Church ( United.) — First Church, located at the corner of 
 W. Monroe and South Paulina sts. 
 
 Roman Catholic Churches. — Archbishop of Chicago, Most Rev. Patrick A. 
 Feehan, D.D.; vicar general, Very Rev. D. M. J. Dowling; chancellor and 
 secretary, Rev. P. J. Muldoon, 311 Superior st. The Roman Catholic 
 Churches of the city are located as follows: Cathedral op the Holy 
 Name, Superior and N. State sts.; All Saints' Church, sw. cor. Twenty- 
 fifth pi. and Wallace st.; Chapel op Our Lady op Mercy, St. Paul's 
 HDme; Church op Notre Dame, De Chicago (French), Vernon Park pi. 
 and Sibley St.; Church op Our Lady op Good Counsel (Bohemian), West- 
 ern ave. and Cornelia st. ; Church op Our Lady op Mount Carmel, Welling' 
 tou and Baacher sts.; Church op Our Lady op Sorrows, 1406 W. Jackson 
 st ; Church op the Annunciation, sw. cor. Wabansia ave. and N. Paulina 
 st.; Church op the Assumption (Italian), Illinois St., near N. Market st; 
 Church op the Blessed Sacrament, West Twenty-second street; 
 Church of the Holy Angels, 282 Oakwood blvd.; Church op the Holy 
 Angels, Hoyne ave.; Church op the Holy Family, May and W. Twelfth 
 sts.; Church op the Holy Rosary, sw. cor. S. Park ave. and One Hundred 
 and Thirteenth St., lioseland; Church op the Immaculate Conception, N. 
 Franklin St., north of Schiller st. ; Church op the Nativity, Thirty-seventh 
 and Dashielsts.; Church op the Sacred Heart, se. cor. W. Nineteenth 
 and Johnson sts.; Church op the Visitation, Fifty-first and Morgan sts.; 
 Holy Trinity (German), S. Lincoln and Taylor sts. ; Holy Trinity (Polish), 
 Noble and Ingraham sts. ; Immaculate Conception B. V. M. (German), 2944- 
 2946 Bonfield St., near Archer ave.; Immaculate Conception B. V. M. 
 (Polish), nw. cor. Eighty-eighth st. and Commercial ave.; St. Albert's 
 Church (Polish), W. Seventeenth and Paulina sts.; St. Agnes', S. Washte- 
 naw ave., near Thirty-eighth st.; St. Aloysius' (German), Thompson and 
 Davis sts.; St. Alphonsus' (German), Lincoln and Southport aves.; St. 
 Ann's, Fiftj-nfih st. an 1 Wentworthave.; St. Anthony op Padua (German), 
 se. cor. Twenty-fourth pi. and Hanover St.; St. Augustin's (German), Fifty- 
 first and Laflin sts.; St. Augustin's (colored), 2251 Indiana ave.; St. Ber- 
 nard's, Sixty-sixth st. and Stewart ave. ; St. Bernard's Church (French), 
 Brighton Park; St Boniface's (German), Cornell and Noble sts ; St. Bren- 
 don's Church, Sixty-seventh, cor. Bishop; St. Bridget's, Archer ave. and 
 Church pi.; St. Casimir's Church (Polish), Twenty-second, cor. Little; St. 
 Cecelia's, Bristol st., near Wentworth ave.; St. Charles Borromeo's, 
 87-91 Cypress st.; St. Columbas' Church, Mackinaw, south of 133d st.; St. 
 Bridget's, Archer ave. and Church pi.; St. Cecelia's, Bristol St., 
 near Wentworth ave.; St. Charles Borromeo's, 87-91 Cypress St.; St. 
 Columbkill's, N. Paulina and W. Indiana sts.; St. Elizabeth's, ne. cor. 
 State and Forty-first sts.; St. Francis op Assisium (German), W. Twelfth 
 st. and Newberry ave. ; St. Francis De Sales, Ewing ave. and One Hundred 
 and Second st.; St. Francts Xavier (German), Avondale; St. Gabriel's, se. 
 cor. Wallace and Forty-fifth sts.; St. George's (German), 3915 Fifth ave.; 
 
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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 209 
 
 St. Hedwig's (Polish), North side Kosciusco, bet. N. Hoyne ave. and St. 
 Hedwig st.; St. James', Wabash ave. and Thirtieth St.; St. Jaklath's, Her- 
 mitage ave. and W. Jackson St.; St. John's, Eighteenth and Clark sts.; St. 
 John's Nepomucene's (Bohemian), Twenty-fifth st. and Portland ave.; St. 
 John the Baptist (French), Thirty third ct., near S. Wood st.; St. Joseph's 
 Church (French) Brighton Park ; St. Joseph's (German), N. Market and 
 Hill sts.; St. Joseph's (Polish), Forty-eighth and Paulina sts.; St. Josa- 
 phat's (Polish), nw. cor. Ward st. and Beldon ave.; St. Kevin's Church, 
 Cummings; St. Lawrence's, Seventy -fifth St., near Brooks ave, Grand 
 Crossing ; St. Leo's, Wright st. and Schorling ave., Auburn Park ; St. 
 Louis, Pullman ; St. Malachy's Walnut st. and Western ave.; St. Martin's 
 (German), Forty-ninth and School sts.; St. Mart's, Wabash ave. and Eld- 
 ridge ct.; St. Mary's (German), Riverdale ; St. Mary's of Perpetual 
 Help (Polish), 901 Thirty-second st., near Ullman St.; St. Mathias', Bow- 
 manville : St. Mauritius' Church, 36th, cor. Hoyne ; St. Michael's (Ger- 
 man), Eugenie st. and Cleveland ave. ; St. Monica's Church, 2,251 Indiana 
 ave.; St. Nicolas' Church (German), 113lh PI. cor. State; 
 St. Patrick's, Commercial ave., near Ninety-fifth st., South Chicago; 
 St. Patrick's, S. Desplaines and W. Adams sts.; St. Paul's (German) 
 S. Hoyne ave. and Ambrose st. ; St. Peter's (German), Clark and Polk sts.; 
 SS. Peter and Paul, Ninety-first st. and Exchange ave., South Chicago; St. 
 Philip's, Park ave. and W. Forty-third st.; St. Pius', se. cor. W. Nineteenth 
 st. and S. Ashland ave.; St. Procopius' (Bohemian), Allport and W. Eight- 
 eenth sts.; St. Kose op Lima, Ashland ave., neai Forty-eighth St.; St. 
 Stanislaus Kostka's (Polish), Noble and Ingraham sts.; St. Stephen's, 
 N. Sangamon and W. Ohio sts.; St. Sylvester's, California and Shakespeare 
 aves.; St. Teresa's (German), Centre and Clyde sts.; St. Thomas', Fifty- 
 fifth st., Hyde Park.; St. Viateur's, Belmont and Crawford aves.; St. 
 Vincent De Paul's, Webster ave. and Osgood st. ; St. Vitus, Paulina and 
 Van Horn sts.; St. Wenceslaus' (Bohemian), 173 De Koven st. 
 
 Swedenborgian {New Jerusalem) Churches. — The Swedenborgian (New 
 Jerusalem) Churches of the city are located as follows : New Church 
 Temple, VanBuren St., east of Wabash ave. 
 
 Unitarian Churches. — The Unitarian Churches of the city are located as 
 follows: All Souls', Oakwood blvd.. se. corner Langley ave.; Unity, se. 
 cor. Walton pi. and Dearborn ave. 
 
 Universalist Churches. — The Universalist Churches of the city are located 
 as follows : Chicago Law'n, Chicago Lawn ; Church of the Redeemer, 
 ne. cor. Robey st. and Warren ave.; St. Paul's, Prairie ave. and Thirtieth 
 St.; Englewood, Sixty-third St., Englewood ; Ryder, Woodlawn Park ; 
 t,t ird, N. Clark, nr. Wellington ave.; Universalist Mission, Fifty-fourth, 
 \ State. 
 
 Miscellaneous Churches. — Churches not mentioned above are located 
 'ollows : Disciples of Christ, meet every 1st day at 10:30 a. m. and 7:30 
 \i. at 23 and 25 Kendall st. ; First Society of Spiritualists. meet at 55 
 Vda st., at 10:45 a. m. and 7:45 p. m., Sundays; German Advent, 272 and 
 * I Augusta st., services 10 a. m. and 7:30 p. m.; Scandinavian Chapel, 269 
 Erie St., services Saturday, 10 a. m. 
 
210 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 CITY RAILWAY SERVICE. 
 
 The City railway, or intramural service of Chicago, embraces horse-car, 
 cable, electric and elevated railroads. The great existing street-car compa- 
 nies operating horse and cable lines are the Chicago City Railway Company, 
 which operates the lines of the South Side; the West Chicago City Railway 
 Company, which operates the lines of the West Side, being practically the 
 owner of the Chicago Passenger Railway Company, which also operates 
 lines in that division of the city; and the North Chicago Street Railroad Com- 
 p my, which operates the lines of the North Side. The South Chicago City 
 Railway Company is an independent line. The West Chicago, North Chi- 
 cago and Chicago Passenger Railway Company are under one management, 
 Mr. Charles T. Yerkes being president. Chicago, according to the last cen- 
 sus, stands third in length of street railways, as follows: Philadelphia, 283 
 miles; Boston, 201 miles; Chicago, 185 miles; New York, 177 miles. But 
 when we take miles of track, including sidings and switches, the ratio is 
 changed as follows: Chicago, 375 miles; New York, 369 miles; Boston, 329 
 miles; Philadelphia, 324 miles. 
 
 Character of the Service. — In view of all the surrounding circum- 
 stances, many of which have contributed toward making street car transpor- 
 tation in Chicago difficult, the service rendered the public by the different 
 street railway companies is unsurpassed in any city in the world. Yet in no 
 city in the country, probably, have street car companies been subjected to 
 more severe and unfair criticism. The basis of this criticism has usually 
 been a comparison with the lines operated in other and smaller places, and 
 in p>pulation centers where the conditions are entirely unlike those which 
 have to be contended with in Chicago. The West and NorthSide companies 
 have borne the brunt of the ill natured and unreasonable abuse, which cer- 
 tain papers sent broadcast without as much as deigning intelligent inquiry as 
 to the causes of such public annoyance as has occurred. Especially is this 
 the case in the matter of stoppages and accidents of various kinds, all of 
 which have been susceptible of satisfactory explanation, and that without 
 the slightest reflection on the several managements, or the city. The climatic 
 difficulties, for instance, have not been the slightest of the causes, nor yet 
 the easiest to overcome in perfecting the several cable systems. We have 
 here the greatest extremes of heat and cold, the variations at times having 
 been as radical as 60 Q ia twenty four hours. Common intelligence under- 
 stands at a glance that such a condition means the great contraction and 
 expansion of metals, and opens upa long line of impediments in the success- 
 ful operating of machinery exposed to the elements, to say nothing of the 
 effect on the slot rails of cable roads. These great extremes are not experi- 
 enced in cities like San Francisco, St. Louis, Cincinnati, or New York, yet 
 the critics seem to have forgotten this. In many of the cities, too, it is unusual 
 for a "grip" car to haul more than one trailer. But in Chicago the South, 
 North and West Side lines always draw two, and often three trailers, and con- 
 sequently much heavier loads than are carried in other places. Then, again, 
 nowhere else do the " grips" run so close together as here, especially in the 
 early morning and evening hours when they are often not more than a quarter 
 of a minute apart. This, however, is only a mere taste of the exactions on 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 2H 
 
 in the formation of return - loops* and S n, tl ^ eDd ^°? nd blocks 
 tunnel grades, and this when they are loaded I tip Z •* . lo ?P S climb stee P 
 West Madison street train coSfea tl « iSf™ 8 *' F ^ T nst ^ce, the 
 at Jefferson and Washington Sung into the tnST n *** Madison 6ts -> 
 Washington and Fifth avf (hnvfZ^J^S % tu ^ n el beneath the river), at 
 Madison! and a Madil E 'and ^L^f He /n/c^ 61 the * Ver) Y at Fif ^ave. and 
 dolph, at Randolph and F?fth ave at mAZ^ZVl^ *? le ^L^ 
 ingtonand Jefferson, and at Jeff rson a ,rl M^- Wa ^ m g t011 . ^ Wash- 
 North Side cable is equally, if S^^^J^T^J^V^ 9 of the 
 curves shorter, and the engineering difflcilti^^^XSS 11 * T° nger ' ! ? 
 nowhere else are like demands made on cable ?S,W; - In a Word ' 
 other systems have ' ' loops " it is also tr!twT ° T l hlle n ls true th ^ 
 termini they are used a Switches to haiTpmn^ r ° m the Z ? ture of their 
 the further fact that the B^m^l^l^lt^^^ ^ a * ain > 
 that have tunnels as parts of their "lnonJ" ^T, 0Dl f 1 0n 1 es ln th « country 
 making comparisons. P But,wihU a? 7h e service o^f th^ W of ! " 
 terns is simply marvelous in its regularity and It c f h ° o f fl tllese + Particular sys- 
 
 ™«^£1n^ 
 
 divisions of the city are over rrnwrW ilf ?' , ihe street cars in all 
 
 and South Side ca^areTl' c^ng moTpeShan"- thl™* '^ « 
 
 carry, but still the number of passengers? ^ Kasius everv L v t", "'" 1° 
 
 urban trains are all crowded OnthelllirmVP.nt^T?^ yday ' The sub - 
 
 exists That road has 108 trains everVdayToaecommodL^ T £ aflair / 
 
 fie, and, although from five to twelve earl on each ™?n IhM?™^"!? 1 * 
 
 hour apart, except in the early morning and < evening honVY il U .1 haI . f an 
 
 interval of five minutes between tr«in« 5 ti! „! f g ? s ' when thcre > 8 an 
 
 people are standing at ^nearTogether a 'noL bk in^Z* 7 * ^i^" 3 ° ften 
 
 is a few minutes late the crowding h; worse The Northl^, ' W ^ D a ^ ain 
 
 trains are also crowded, while the LweTrol »K er °i l ° ,i St. Paul 
 
 suburban region, ear ^y'te^^ £^ a T %5£?£& 
 
 — gTo^^^^^^^ 
 
 SMSES! c^arS f^ V™ ^ 'MS&TE 
 
 entire length of the line On ne St*tP * /r^, f ° r a . r( T d tri P over the 
 cents respectively The average tim fr^ZV^ P ? 7 ll ^^ and fif ^ s ^ 
 ninth st is in minnttf JTfcf i? g ^ required to make the trip from Thirty- 
 
 a day minutes, which gives each conductor and gripman about $3.20 
 
 to the^tZ^ranwav^ o?^™\\T U]d be b ° rne in mM that in iMWn 
 
212 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 adds immensely to the transportation facilities of the public between points 
 within the corporate limits. It is a well-known fact that the Illinois Central 
 railroad suburban trains carry more passengers than any other suburban line 
 in the world. The suburban trains of the company carried 15,000,000 
 passengers in 1890. Of this number fully four-fifths were passengers carried 
 between points within the city limits. The Chicago & North- Western; the 
 Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific; the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy; the 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul; the Northern Pacific ; the Grand Trunk ; 
 the Eastern Illinois, and otherrailroadcompaniesdoaheavy suburban business. 
 Without the supplementary aid of these lines it would be impossible for the 
 existing lines of street railways to meet the demands of the public for transit. 
 
 Chicago City Railway Company.— This is the company which operates the 
 South Side cable system. During the past eighteen years the property has 
 grown from 22*^ miles of track to 152, and from 60 bobtail cars to 1,250 
 of the largest and best. Its revenue has increased from $600,000 a year to 
 nearly three and one-half millions; its patronage from 30,000 passengers a 
 day to 200,000; the speed of its cars from five miles an hour to an average of 
 ten miles an hour. The company has developed a cable system second to 
 none in the world in extent, efficiency, and public regard. During these 
 eighteen years not a single strike occurred among the employes of the com- 
 pany. 
 
 Business done in 1891.— During 1891 the Chicago City Railway Company, 
 or as it is now familiarly known, the South Side Cable Line, carried 77,464,- 
 965 passengers, producing a revenue to the company of $3,873,198.27. Of 
 this $2,591,995 99 was earned by the cable cars, and $1,281,202.28 by the 
 horse cars. The co&t of operating the road was $2,534,315.66, leaving for 
 net earniugs, $1,338,882.61. Out of this there was paid for dividends, $750.- 
 000.00; interest, $216,585.45; depreciation cable machinery and tracks, $43,- 
 091.53; total, $1,009,676.98; leaving balance to income account of $329,205.63. 
 The average earnings per day were $10,611.50; the percentage of expenses to 
 earnings was 65.43, a decrease of 1.42 over 1890. The cost of operating per 
 car per mile was— cable, 9.369 cents; horse, 23.334 cents; all lines, 13.055 
 cents. Number of miles run by cable, 14,357,050; horses, 5,096,560; all lines, 
 19,453,610. The expense per passenger was— cable, 2. 60 cents; horse, 4.64 
 cent; all lines, 3.35 cents. During 1891 there was built 100 open cars, 100 
 grip cars, and 25 box cars, making the present equipment 600 box cars, 550 
 open cars and 322 grip cars. Commenced and unfinished 25 box cars and 50 
 open cars. One mile single track of horse line was laid during the year, 
 making cable track 34iff§ miles, horse track 113ffff miles; total, 148 F yA 
 miles. Horses on hand Jan. 1, '91, 2,508; purchased, 346;— 2,854; sold 193, 
 died, 112—305; horses on hand Jan. 1, '92, 2,459. Capital stock, $7,000,000. 
 Bonds, 43^ percent. $4,619,500. 
 
 The net earnings of the road for the last six years were as follows: 1886, 
 $619,253; 1887, $686,259; 1888, $683,338; 1889, $845,339; 1890, $1,139 097: 
 1891, 1,338.882.61. 
 
 Officers of the Company. —The following directors hold office for 1892: 
 L. Z. Leiter. D. K. Pearsons, Samuel D. Allerton, Erskine M. Phelps, James 
 C. King, William B. Walker and George H. Wheeler. Following are the 
 officers for 1892: George H. Wheeler, president ; James C. King, first vice- 
 president; Erskine M. Phelps, second vice-president ; T. C. Pennington, 
 treasurer ; F. A. Green, secretary, and M. K. Bowen, assistant superintend- 
 ent. The president, Mr. Wheeler, is practically the superintendent. This 
 road now carries passengers nine and one-half miles for five cents. 
 
O T •— ' 
 
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 i $ 
 
 be v 
 c ^ 
 
 ^ EC 
 H 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 213 
 
 North Chicago Street Railroad Company. — Has an authorized capital of 
 $5,000,000. The capital stock is all issued in share sol' $100 each and paid up. 
 The company was incorporated in 1886 under Illinois laws, and controls the 
 entire street surface system in the North Division of Chicago. The company 
 acquired title by the purchase of 2,501 shares of the capital stock of ihe 
 North Chicago City Railway Company, paying therefore $600 per share. The 
 total of shares was 5,000. The companies then entered into a mutual operat- 
 ing agreement whereby the new company, agreed to pay to the old company 
 $30 per share rental annually on the entire stock. The lesser company also 
 agreed to pay the principal and interest of the bonded indebtedness 
 of the old company and assume all other liabilities. Out of the $30 
 per share to be paid annually, for rental, $75,030, or the rental 
 on the 2,501 shares, reverts to the credit of the lesser company, the 
 owner of the shares. The issues of the new company and the issues 
 of the old company, which are guaranteed by the former, are as follows: 
 Capital stock, paid up, $5, 000, 000; first mortgage 5 per cent., bonds (new 
 company), $2,350,000; first mortgage ^% per cent, bonds (old company), 
 $500,000; second mortgage 4>£ percent, bonds (old company), $1,640,000; capi- 
 tal stock old company leased at $35 per share, $249,900. The first mortgage 
 bondsof the Chicago Street Railway ($2,350,000) are for $500 each, bear 5 per 
 cent, interest and due in 1906. These are secured by a mortgage covering all 
 the property and franchises of the company, and the mortgage is held by the 
 Fidelity Insurance, Trust and Safe Deposit Company of Philadelphia; interest 
 payable January 1st and July 1st. The $500,000 first mortgage bonds bearing 
 interest at 6 per cent, of the North Chicago City Railway Company, mature 
 in 1900, interest payable January 1st and July 1st. The $1,640,000 second 
 mortgage bonds are issued by the North Chicago City Railway Company, 
 bear 4)^ per cent, interest, and are payable May 1st and November 1st at the 
 company's office. The $219,000 as capital stock of the old company only 
 leased to the new company at an annual rental of $35 per share. The annual 
 fixed charges are $117, 000, bearing interest at 5 per cent. on the North Chicago 
 Street R. R. Co.'s first mortgage bonds, $2,350,000, interest at 6 per cent, on 
 North Chicago City R. R. Co. First mortgage bonds of $500,000— $30,000, 
 interest on $1,640,000 4% per cent. Second mortgage bonds of North Chicago 
 Street R. R. Co. $73,80u, interest on $500,000 6 per cent. 5-20s certificates of 
 indebtedness, $30,000; rental of 2,499 shares ($30 per share) of North Chicago 
 City Railway Co. stock, $74,970, thus making a total of $326,270. Accounts 
 are made up each year to December 31st. The franchises of the company are 
 very valuable, and include the right-of-way on all the principal streets in the 
 North division, besides use of bridges and the tunnel. The company pays an 
 annual license fee to the city of $50 per car. The mileage of all the North 
 Side lines is over 80 miles. Part of the system is cabled. 
 
 Officers of the Company. — Directors, C. T. Yerkes, W. D. Meeker. 
 W. L. Elkins, Charles Henrotin, C. A. Spring, Jr; president, C. T. Yerkes; 
 vice-president, W. F. Furbeck; treasurer and secretary, W. D. Meeker, 
 Office, 444 North Clark street. Registrar, Union National Bank. Stock trans- 
 ferred at company's office. Business done in 1891 : The earnings of the North 
 Chicago Railway Company for 1891 were $2,304,610.95; expenses, $1,221,- 
 408.11; net earnings, $1,083,202.84; fixed charges, $469,744.80; surplus, 
 $613,458.04; increase of earnings in 1891 over 1890, $329,856.70; increase in 
 expenses, $144,691.04; car mileage, 7,762,366; passengers carried, 44,343,905; 
 trips made, 1,2<57,853. 
 
214 GL'IDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 West Chicago Street Railroad Company. — This company operates under 
 lease the lines of the Chicago West Division Railroad company and the 
 Chicago Passenger Railway company. The capital stock of the West 
 Chicago Street Railroad company is $10,000,000. 
 
 Business Done in 1891. — The gross receipts of this company for 1891 
 were $4,169,200.74, an increase over 1890 of $505,819.05 ; operating expenses. 
 $2,468,179.02; net income, $1,701,021.72, an increase of $240,407.86; appli- 
 cable to dividends, $868,680.12. or over 8.68 per cent, on the capital stock. 
 The miles run were 14,638,414, an increase of 2,422,511, which is equal to 
 increasing the service of the lines 19.83 per cent. 
 
 Description of Cable System:. — The West Side system is the newest 
 and most elaborate in the city and second to none in the extent of its 
 resources, or the perfection of its general equipment, and for this reason 
 whatever is said in a descriptive way must naturally be confined to it. This 
 as well as the North Side road, it will be borne in mind, reaches the South 
 Side, or business center, by way of tunnels under the Chicago river. These 
 tunnels were built by the city, and prior to the companies in question 
 using them were mere holes in the ground, and represented the 
 waste of so much public money. President Yerkes, however, saw 
 how they could be utilized to abate the bridge nuisance, and 
 otherwise serve the people, and was quick to move in the matter of obtaining 
 their use. In consideration of the city allowing him to use the La Salle 
 Street tunnel he built and donated to the public two double steel steam 
 bridges across the river, one at Wells and the other at Clark street, at a cost 
 of over $300,000. The Washington street tunnel was in a far worse con- 
 dition when taken hold of — in fact, it had been abandoned — and before it 
 could be used had to be rebuilt at a cost of nearly $200,000. Both tunnels 
 are now totally unlike what they were a few years ago, and the public not 
 only recognizes the wisdom of their present use, but finds in them the aboli- 
 tion of the former waits at the swing bridges, which is worth additional 
 hundreds of thousands of dollars to the city every year. For the use of the 
 Washington street tunnel the Chicago Passenger Railway Company built a 
 new viaduct at Adams street, a new double steam bridge at the same point 
 and moved the Madison street bridge to Washington street, placing it upon 
 a new pier and abutments. The West Chicago Street Railway Company 
 for the franchise on Taylor street moved the Adams street bridge to Taylor 
 street, and placed it upon a new pier and abutments. Thus within a year 
 two important streets have been opened to through traffic. 
 
 The Madison Street Line. The West Side cable system consists of 
 two distinct lines — the Madison street line, which runs directly west, and 
 the Milwaukee avenue line, which runs northwest. Both lines connect 
 with the down-town "loop" hereafter referred to, and in smoothness of 
 trackage and completeness of equipment are prepared to invite the most 
 rigid investigation and comparison. The power for the operation of the 
 system is supplied from three distinct power houses, all of which are 
 supplied with the best machinery and appliances that could be obtained. 
 The principal power-house is located at Madison and Rockwell streets,, 
 being 210x225 feet. It contains two 1,200 horse-power engines, aud one 
 of these is going night and day (moving the cars on Madison street), while 
 the other is held in reserve in case of an accident. The cable running west 
 to Fortieth street is driven at the rate of fourteen miles an hour, while 
 the one running east is driven ten and a half miles an hour; the speed of 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 215 
 
 either of them, however, can be increased at will. There is in addition a 
 Corliss engine to propel a loop rope in the power-house, by means of 
 which the cars can be reversed at Rockwell street, whenever it is necessary, 
 The power-house itself is a neat and attractive structure, lighted by 
 electricity, and surmounted by a smoke-stack 175 feet high. 
 
 The Milwaukee Avenue Line. — The Milwaukee avenue power-house, 
 located at the corner of Cleaver street, in outward appearance and general 
 equipment is very similar to the one on Madison street. It is sup- 
 plied with two Corliss engines of 1,200 horse-power each, which were 
 built by Fraser & Chalmers, of Chicago. These two engines operate the 
 entire Milwaukee avenue system, which extends from Jefferson and 
 Washington streets to Armitage avenue. The west rope is driven at 
 the rate of twelve miles an hour, while the east end rope is moved at 
 the rate of ten and one-half miles. As with the Madison street ropes, their 
 speed, however, can be increased or lessened at will. 
 
 The Tunnel Loop. — The third power-house is located at the coiner of 
 Jefferson and Washington streets, and is where the Company's offices are to 
 be found. This station is furnished with two one-thousand horse-power Cor- 
 liss engines, which are used to operate the Washington street tunnel loop. 
 The cars of both the Madison street and Milwaukee avenue lines are deliv- 
 ered to the cable at this station, and by it they are drawn through the tunnel 
 and around the loop heretofore mentioned. The service of this' particular 
 cable is very exacting. At times the heavily loaded trains are but a few 
 seconds apart, yet there is seldom, if ever, any cause for complaint, so perfect 
 are all the details and so elaborate the machinery and appliances. The dyna- 
 mos for lighting the tunnel are also located at this point, as is also the base of 
 an electric signal system which extends along the several cable lines. By this 
 system the conductor or gripman can communicate with the power-houses 
 and offices at any time, which is an adjunct of almost incalculable advantage 
 in keeping the 'tracks clear and promptly stopping the machinery in case of 
 accidents from any cause. 
 
 The New Tunnel and Cable Service. — During 1891 the work on the 
 elegant new tunnel just north of Van Buren street has been pushed forward 
 as r.ipidly as such work can be properly done and during the present year it 
 will be opened for the sole use of the cars of this Company. It is much larger 
 than either of the other tunnels and is pronounced by engineers to be perfect. 
 This will be a grand thing for the people of the West Side, for then the 
 bridge nuisance will be practically overcome. The cable lines on Blue Island 
 avenue are now completed as far southwest as Twenty-sixth street, and on 
 Halsied street from Van Buren street to O'Neil street. These lines have been 
 substantially built, the steel girder rail used in its construction being heavier 
 than that used by any steam road, except about one hundred miles on the 
 New York Central, which is the same weight. The opening of these lines 
 during the present year will cause a boom in the south and southwest portions 
 of the city, as did the starting of the Madison street and Milwaukee avenue 
 lines in their vicinity. 
 
 New Cars and Extensions. — A great many new and elegant cars have 
 been added to the equipment of the road during '91. They will be further 
 increased during the present year. These cars are finer and larger than any 
 heretofore built, and the management deserves great credit for their enter- 
 prise. The windows are very large, and the cars are lighted by four chande- 
 lier lamps. The tracks have been extended on Twelfth Street from Kedzie 
 
216 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 avenue west to Crawford avenue, and on North avenue from California 
 avenue to Crawford avenue. The Ogden avenue line has been extended 
 to Lawndale avenue. During the year the magnificent viaduct over therail- 
 road tracks on Ogden avenue will be completed, when this will be one of 
 the finest lines in the city. The tracks on Taylor street have been laid from 
 Canal street over the bridge to Fifth avenue. The new Madison street 
 bridge has been swung, so that it will be seen that the West Side has not been 
 behind in the matter of improved service and accommodations. Ordinances 
 are now in the hands of the Council, which, if treated fairly, will secure for 
 the people of the West Division of the city the cross-town lines, which people 
 so badly need, and which the Company stand ready to build— in fact the 
 material for this purpose is now on hand and the lines can be in operation 
 within six months from the passage of the ordinances. 
 
 Aids to Prompt Service. — Delays occasioned by heavily loaded wagons 
 breaking down on the tracks, or from fires is almost a thing of the p£st, 
 thanks to the service of the Company's wrecking wagon and fire wagon. The 
 former carries everything needed to remove a wrecked stone or coal wagon, 
 and the latter an iron " hose bridge " for raising the fire hose over the tracks 
 so that cars can pass underneath it. 
 
 New Desplaines Steet Power House. — This new addition to the cable 
 service of the West Side is now about completed and is perfect in every 
 respect. It is situated on Desplaines street, just north of Washington street, 
 and will be used to operate any new loop that may be put into service, and 
 also as a reserve in case of any accident to the plant now in use at the corner 
 of Washington and Jefferson streets. The new building is 25x153 feet, sur- 
 mounted by a smoke-stack 150 feet high. The foundations cover the entire 
 space occupied by the building. The building contains a 1,000 horse-power 
 Corliss engine, 36x72. Six upright boilers, 7 feet in diameter, 18 feet 10 inches 
 over all, each boiler containing 230 tubes 2^ inches by 14 feet. This plant is 
 arranged to use oil as fuel in order to overcome the smoke nuisance. In fact 
 the management deserves credit for having gone to the expense of changing 
 all of its plants to use this fuel in order to assist in abating this evil. 
 
 Officers of the Company. — The officers are : President, Mr. Chas. T. 
 Yerkes; Vice-President and General Manager, Jno. B. Parsons; Secretary and 
 Assistant General Manager, R. C. Crawford; Treasurer, Geo. E. Newlin. 
 
 Trackage of the Company. — During 1892 the company laid seven and 
 one-half miles of new track. Fifty miles of new track will probably be 
 1-iid during the present year, if the company and the city council come to an 
 understanding regarding rights of way, etc. 
 
 Officers of the Company. — The officers are : President, Mr. 0. T. 
 Yerkes. Directors : C. T. Yerkes, W. L. Elkins, J. B. Parsons, R. C. Craw- 
 ford, David R. Fraser. 
 
 Other Lines Completed and Projected. — The year 1891 will probably see 
 remarkable activity in the building of rapid transit lines of city railway. 
 Among the new lines completed, under way and projected, are the following: 
 
 Calumet Electric Road. — This line is but the beginning of an exten- 
 sive system to connect the various manufacturing and residence suburbs 
 which now lack proper communication with each other. It extends from 
 the South Chicago Rolling Mills by way of Eighty-ninth st., Mackinaw ave., 
 Harbor ave., Ninety-third st. and Stony Island ave. to Ninety-fifth st. The 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 217 
 
 Rae system of propulsion by means of overhead wires is employed. It dif- 
 fers from the Sprague and the Thompson-Houston systems chiefly in hav- 
 ing a single motor for each car instead of two smaller ones. A speed of from 
 ritteen to twenty miles is attained with entire safety, as the road-bed is firm 
 ;ind the cars are strongly built, weighing more than five tons each. _ The 
 curves and switches are guarded against accident by an automatic device of 
 which Mr. Loss is the inventor. At the power-house are engines of 125 horse- 
 power, capable of supplying the lines now in existence, that is the one opened 
 yesterday and another already built from Pullman to Cottage Grove ave. and 
 Eighty-seventh street. A connecting line has been opened from South Chicago 
 to the Pullman line at Cottage Grove avenue and One Hundred and. Fourth 
 street. As soon as practicable the system will be extended to One Hundred 
 and Fifteenth street, through One Hundred and Fifteenth St., Michigan 
 avenue, One Hundred and Eleventh street, and Vincennes road, around 
 Washington Heights and Morgan Park. Further extensions will probably 
 follow. The overhead system will be removed if an economical and other- 
 wise suitable storage battery appears. It is said that none at present 
 exists. 
 
 Carette Lines. — Operated by the Russell Street Carette Company. Office 
 of company, 148 S. Green street. Officers: A. W. Buckwood, president; W. 
 H. Cowles, secretary and general manager ; Edward Twitty, treasurer. 
 Organized July 19, 1889. This company operates carette lines over Madison, 
 Adama and Rush streets, from Ashland avenue to Lincoln Park. Number 
 of cars at present in the service, thirty-five; number of horses, three hundred. 
 The company expects to increase its equipment during the next three years to 
 two or three hundred cars. This is the only line that transports passengers 
 without change, between the West and North Sides of the city, covering a 
 portion of the South Side on the way. The Russell Carette is a more com- 
 fortable vehicle than any yet introduced to meet the demands of the public 
 for a conveyance which can be operated on streets without tracks. It is 
 much Hrger and moves much easier than the omnibus. It is provided with a 
 rear platform, which is as low and convenient lor elderly persons as the 
 street car platform. A conductor as well as a driver accompanies every 
 carette and the general conduct of the vehicle is similar to that followed in the 
 management of the street car. The carette has the advantage of being able 
 to turn aside from its course to evade other vehicles, while it can pick up and 
 discharge its passengers at the curb line. Each carette will furnish seats com- 
 fortably for twenty persons -ten on each side — and in addition there is a seat 
 in front for at least three persons, which is very popular. While the rear 
 platform affords standing room for a number of persons, each carette actually 
 seats twenty-three persons, yet they frequently carry from thirty to forty per- 
 sons at a time and have had as many as forty-seven passengers on a single 
 trip. The carettes are nicely upholstered, contain spring seats and backs 
 covered with Wilton carpet. The interior is finished with white, natural 
 woods, ash and cherry being used for doors, windows, frames, etc. All trim- 
 mings are of bronze. 
 
 Cicero and Proviso Street Railway Company. — The electric line oper- 
 ated by this company extends from the terminus of the W. Madison st. cable 
 line, W. Madison and Fortieth sts., to Oak Park. It will be extended further 
 west. The ride is a delightful one, passing as the line does through some of 
 the most beautiful of our western prairie suburbs. The principal suburbs 
 reached are Austin and Oak Park. 
 
218 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Contracts have been let for the construction of extensions from Harlem 
 avenue, the present terminus, to the Desplaines river and on Desplaines avenue, 
 from Madison street south to Twelfth street. The road is to be double 
 tracked. The electrical equipment will be put in by the Edison General 
 Electt ic Company. The rolling stock for the road built at Pullman will con- 
 sist of twelve motor cars with twenty -five horse-power equipments to each 
 car, geared to run from twenty to twenty-five miles per hour. These c irs 
 will draw open trail cars. The new lines will be completed and in operation 
 by August 1st. The present road is succeeding beyond the expections of its 
 projectors and has had a wonderful effect upon the value of property along 
 its lines. 
 
 Equitable Transportation Co. — A permit was recently issued in this 
 city for the construction of an "L"road in the old town of Lake, upon ihe 
 franchise guaranteed in 1889 to the Equitable Transportation Cuinpany. At 
 this writing there seems to be no doubt but that the road will be built within 
 the coming two years. The company has the right to build on Eighty-seventh 
 from State street to Western avenue. This is right along the line of active 
 growth in population, and is the territory for which the South Side alley L 
 road is supposed to be aiming by the ordinance for the right of way along 
 Virjcennes avenue, asked for in the name of W. D. Chidester. It is also the 
 territory for which the lately organized north and south elevated road is aim- 
 ing. Thus there are three competitors for this territory, making it morally 
 certain that vast improvements in transportation facilities for this region are 
 soon to be had. The Equitable Transportation Company, by the liberal terms 
 of its ordinance, would seem to have the decided advantage. It is given the 
 right to erect telegraph, telephone, electric and pneumatic appliances on all its 
 various lines. These various lines, as provided in the ordinance, are : 
 
 1. State and Thirty-ninth streets to Halsted and Thirty-ninth; on Halsted south 
 to Vincennes or Summit avenue; southwest on either of these avenues to Eighty-sev- 
 enth street, and thence to State and Eighty-seventh. 
 
 2. State and Thirty-ninth to State and Eighty-seventh streets. 
 
 3. State and Vincennes road to Summit avenue. 
 
 4. Forty-seventh street and Center avenue to Center avenue and Eighty-seventh 
 ttreet. 
 
 ;">. On Ashland avenue from Thirty-ninth to Eigrhty-seventh street. 
 0. On Western avenue from Thirty-ninth to Eighty seventh street. 
 
 7. On Wallace street from Thirty-ninth to Forty-iecond and thence on Forty sec- 
 ond to Halsted. 
 
 8. (>n Seventy-ninth street from State to Johnson avenue. 
 
 9. From State to Halsted on Forty-third street. 
 1U On Sixty-ninth from State to Johnson avenue. 
 
 1 1 . On Forty-seventh street from State to Johnson avenue. 
 
 12. On Johnson avenue from Thirty-ninth to Eightv-seventh street. 
 
 13. On Ashland avenue from Thirty-ninth to Eighty-seventh street. 
 
 Lake Street Elevated Railroad. — The superstructure of this 
 railroad was completed from Canal street, along Lake street on the West 
 Side, very nearly to Union Park, in the spring of the last year. Its 
 course in the future is entirely unsettled, but the probabilities are that it 
 will have two branches, one extending toward the northwestern portion of the 
 city, the other extending to the southwestern, while the main stem will follow 
 the line of Lake street into Cicero, passing through the environs of Austin 
 and Oak Park. As far as completed the road is substantially built. It will 
 have a double track, and will be operated in a manner similar to the system 
 employed on the New York elevated roads. The question of securing a 
 South Side terminal that is a starting-point on the south side of the city, or 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 219 
 
 in the business district, is not settled. There have been several propositions 
 regarding the establishment of a terminal east of the south branch of the 
 river, but all have been abandoned for the time being at least. The probable 
 route of the line through the business district is via the alley-ways parallel- 
 ing Lake street, from Market street east. 
 
 Milwaukee Avenue Elevated Ro\d. — The Chicago Transit Company, 
 with a capital stock of $12,000,000, was granted articles of incorporation 
 last year by the Secretary of State. The incorporators are: J.M.Hannahs, 
 who is Vice-president of the Elevated road which expects to run up Mil- 
 waukee avenue; H. M Taylor, and G. W. Stanford. The incorporators say 
 they intend to construct a road that will furnish rapid transit for the 
 North Side residents from some point on the river between State and Market 
 and to build their road on private property, which they will acquire by pur- 
 chase, lease, or condemnation to some portion of the city where the streets 
 are less crowded. The road will run from the Chicago River to Waukegan, 
 but it is probable it will be elevated only to Evanston, beyond it will be a 
 surface road. The motive power will be electricity. 
 
 New Electiuc Road. — A new electric road has been projected for North 
 Side, Chicago. The proposed route is from Diversey avenue on Evanston 
 avenue to the Ridge road, along the Ridge road to Oakton avenue. At this 
 point a T will be formed by one line running east to Calvary Cemetery and 
 another west, connecting the main line with the Montrose cut-off. The road 
 will open up for settlement an entirely new section of country, and be of 
 great benefit to South Evanston. 
 
 Randolph Street Elevated Railroad. — The company which projected 
 this line, to penetrate the West Division from the heart of the city, via Randolph 
 st., has met with some obstacles in the courts, and its future movements are 
 uncertain. 
 
 South End Electric Railway. — A new corporation; capital, $100,000. 
 The plan is to connect the territory on the ridge with the Pullman electric 
 lines at One Hundred and Fifteenth, One Hundred and Eleventh, One 
 Hundred and Third, and Ninety-fifth streets, and also to connect at the 
 latter with the Calumet Electric street railroad for South Chicago. The 
 road will be one of the best in the country. The rails used will be of the 
 girder type, weighing seventy pounds to the yard. The electrical apparatus 
 is to be of the very best, involving some new features whereby all noise is 
 obviated and a high rate of speed can be maintained if necessary. 
 
 South Side Alley " L " Road. — An elevated railroad running from Van 
 Buren street s-outh to 39th over the alley between State street and Wabash 
 avenue and projected to the Indiana State lire. The line up to this writing- 
 is almost wholly completed between Van Buren ami 39th streets. It will he 
 ready for rolling stock during the present summer. Nothing is definitely 
 known as to the course the main line or its branches may take after leaving 
 39th street. Various maps showing the course of the road have been pub- 
 lished, and some of them, perhaps, with authority, but they are all subject to 
 change. The company having the project in hand was belayed in its opera- 
 tions during the year 1891 on account of a scarcity of funds, but toward the 
 close of the year named, $3,600,000 were raised and the work was pushed 
 rapidly forward. The equipments of the road will be first-class. Handsome 
 depot buildings at the street intersections have been erected. It is expected 
 
220 GUIDE TO CHCAGO. 
 
 that the facilities afforded by this road will greatly relieve the strain whicn is 
 now felt by the South Side Cable Car Company, while it will assist still 
 further in developing the territory lying south of 89th street. It is under- 
 stood that the alley elevated railroad will not extent north of Van Buren 
 street for some time, if ever. Mr. L. Z. Leiter, it is said, is heavily interested 
 in the enterprise now and probably will control it in the future. It will be a 
 part of his plan, if so, to locate the northern terminal of the line at Van Buren 
 street in the vicinity of his great building and in a locality where he has 
 immense property interests. It is the deteimination of Mr. Leiter and others 
 associated with him to establish in that vicinity the business center which the 
 erection of the Auditorium rendered certain some years ago. Mr. Leiter, it 
 is well known, is a large stock-holder in the Chicago City Railway Company 
 (the South S de cable line). He is also interested in the North Side Company. 
 The West Division Railway Company will have completed the construction 
 of a tunnel at the close of the present ) ear at Van Buren street, and the North 
 Side road is credited with the intention of extending its cable line to the Polk 
 Street depot, and the South Side Company, as is well understood, cooperates 
 with the Alley Elevated Road. Everything in the way of rapid transporta- 
 tion turns toward Van Buren street as a center and the determination has 
 •been expressed frequently among capitalists capable of carrying it out that 
 Van Buren street shall be an artery of trade second to none in the city. There 
 are some projects for the construction of arcades from State street aciossto 
 3d avenue, to connect the new business center with the old quarter, around 
 the Board of Trade, and south of that point. One of these is a scheme for a 
 connection from a point near the head of Congress street. The exact 
 method of forming a convenient terminus for the Alley Elevated road has 
 not been decided upon, but it will be a loop or a stub, the effect of which will 
 be to discharge passengers in large numbers at Congress and Van Buren 
 streets, mainly, no doubt, on the former. The Alley Elevated Railroad can 
 never be a completed line until it shall have at least penetrated the Jackson 
 Park district. It is understood that every effort will be put forth in that 
 direction so that the line will be in full operation before the opening of the 
 World's Columbian Exposition in the spring of 1893. 
 
 Wabash Avenue Sub-Railway Transportation Company. — Articles of incor- 
 poration of the Wabash Avenue Sub-Railway Transportation were filed early 
 in 1891. According to the articles it is proposed to build a sub-railway com- 
 mencing at a point at the north line of the Chicago River, at the south end of 
 Cass street, in the city of Chicago, thence running south under the center 
 line of Wabash avenue to Eighty-first street. The capital stock is $10,000,- 
 000. The incorporators- and first board of directors are George W.Cole, 
 Maria E. Beasley, J. Warren Pease, Silas Rhodes and Pleasant Amick. The 
 electric overhead system will be used. 
 
 CLUBS— ATHLETIC, SPORTING, ETC. 
 
 Athletic Club Houses. — Among the leading athletic club houses of the city 
 are: The new home of the Chicago Athletic Association, on Michigan ave., 
 between Madison and Monroe; the Farragut Club House; the Illinois Cycling 
 Club House, 1068 Washington Bd.; the Lincoln Club, No. 1, Park ave.; the 
 Chicago Cricket Club, Parkside, the Englewood Club, and the Oak Park 
 Cycling Club House now being built at the coiner of Oakwood Bd. and 
 Prairie ave. 
 
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 AREND'S DRUG STORE-MADISON ST. AND FIFTH AVE. 
 [See "Guide.' 1 ] 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 221 
 
 Base Ball Clubs —In 1891 there was one professional base ball club in this 
 city, under the management of the National League. There are two base bail 
 grounds, one on the West Side and one on the South Side. Van Buren street 
 horse cars reach he former; State street cable cars and L. S. & M. S. Railway 
 the latter. " The Chicago Ball Club " — office, 108 Madison street; president, 
 James A. Hart; secretary, F. H. Andrus; treasurer, John A. Brown. " Chi- 
 cago City Base Ball League " comprises eight clubs. Offices, 108 Madison 
 street and 145 Monroe street; president, James C. Moodey; vice-presideut, 
 Virgil M. Brand; secretary, Ferd Wirtz; treasurer, John S. Burke; mana- 
 ger, Frank Rheims. Parks — North: Halsted street and North avenue; take 
 C. M. & St. P. train (Evanston Division) or North Halsted street horse car. 
 South: Thirty ninth street and Wentworth avenue; take Wabash avenue cable 
 car. West: Ogden avenue and Rockwell street; take Ogden avenue horse car. 
 Western Association op Base Ball Clubs — Meets at 108 Madison street; 
 president, L. C. Kransthoff, Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Boat and Yacht Clubs. — Catlin Boat Club, Lake shore, foot of Pearson. 
 President, Charles Catlin; secretary and treasurer, T. P. Hillinan. Chicago 
 Canoe Club— A boating organization of the South Side; member of the West- 
 ern Canoe Association; boat house foot of Thirty-seventh st. C. W. Lee, 
 purser. Chicago Yacht Club— Commodore, A. J. Fisher; secretary, Harry 
 Duvall, 655 Rookery building; treasurer, F. W. S Brawley. Countess Yacht 
 Club — Room 25, 6, Sherman. President, Sidney W. Woodbury; treasurer, E. 
 W. Heinck. Evanston Boat Club — Located on Sheridan road (Lake Shore 
 drive) in the suburb of Evanston. Take train at Wells street depot, Wells and 
 Kinzie sts., North Side, or at Union depot, Canal and Adams sts., West Side. 
 Officers: Frank Winne, president; George Lunt, vice-president; E. C. Angle, 
 secretary; J. B. Ide, treasurer, and James Judd, captain. The club house is 
 an elegant one, and it is the center of the social life of the younger portion of 
 Evanston's society. Among the events looked forward to with pleasurable 
 anticipations by Evanston people is the annual regatta given by the club. 
 Rowing has become a popular amusement with the young people of the town . 
 Many ladies have become experts, and almost any fine day their barks can be 
 seen skimming the surface of the lake. Farragut Boat Club — Located at 
 3016 and 3018 Lake Park ave. Take Cottage Grove avenue cable line. 
 Organized in 1872. Occupiesahandsome brick building, two stories and base- 
 ment. In the basement are the bowling alley, pool room and lavatories; on the 
 first floor are the parlors, reception room, billiard room, card room and library. 
 On the second floor are a dancing hall and theatre, with equipment of scenery, 
 etc., and S3ating capacity of 400. A seriesof entertainments are given during 
 the winter seasons. The boat house of the club is a one-story brick building 
 on the south snore, foot of Thirty -third st. The club owns about twenty-five 
 boats, including an eight-oared barge, four-oared shells, four-oared gigs, 
 single and double shells, single and double training-boats and pleasure boats 
 of all descriptions. Admission fee, $50; annual dues, $24. Officers: president, 
 C. F. Bryant; secretary, E. M. Shinner; treasurer, Frank M. Staples; captain, 
 E. S. Hunter. Farragut Naval Association of Chicago— Meets third 
 Thursdays. Commodore, J. J. Sullivan ; executive officer, C. B. 
 Plattenberg ; paymaster, Thomas L. Johnson ; secretary, William S. 
 Kaufman. Lincoln Park Yacht Club — Organized in 1890. Officers: 
 Commodore, James J. Wilson; vice-commodore, S. S. Johnson; rear 
 
222 GUIDE TO CHCAGO. 
 
 commoaore, A. E. Rack; treasurer, H. A. Paus; secretary, C. O. Andrews; 
 committee on membership, E C. Benniman, D. D. Dutton, C. Johnson. The 
 club consists in the main of those yachtmen, who, during the last season, kept 
 their craft in the new slip at Lincoln Park inside of the new drive that is being 
 constructed along the old Lake-Shore drive, several hundred feet out in the 
 lake. This new slip is the only place around Chicago that can be called a 
 yacht harbor, and, although not completed and not as handy as might be, 
 owing to the continuance of the work on the drive, was used last season by 
 about ten or a dozen yachts as permanent shelter. The owners of these yachts 
 have nonorganized as a club for co-operation in matters concerning yachting, 
 for economy and safety in taking care of the boats, and in order to be able to 
 look after their iiterests in submitting suggestions or requests to the Park 
 Commissioners with reference to the new drive and the harbor it encloses. 
 Ogden Boat Club— Lake Shore, foot of Superior. President, J. V. Clarke, 
 Jr.; secretary, J. D. Caldwell; treasurer, J. B. Waldo; captain, W. R. Cregier. 
 Chicago Athletic Association. — The idea of organizing the above associa- 
 tion and building for it a suitable home originated with one or two of the 
 present members in January, I8b9. Object of the association : to encourage 
 all manly sports and promote physical culture. Present number of members, 
 1,500, including many of the k-ading business and professional men of the 
 city. Location of new gymnasium building, Michigan avei.ue, between Mad- 
 ison and Monroe, facing east, only a short walk from the business center. 
 This magnificent home for the Chicago Athletic Association was begun in 
 February of the past year. The new building contains the largest and best- 
 equipped athletic club house in the United States, and ccst $500,000. The 
 ground upon which it stands measures 80x172 feet. The building is of a sub- 
 stantial character, with a front of yellowish brick and gray stone in Venetian 
 style, with tall, diamond-cut windows covering the fourth and fifth floors, 
 which are thrown into one so as to give ample height to the gymnasium. The 
 eighth story has balconies large enough to set tables and chairs upon for those 
 who want to enjoy the fresh air and the prospect upon Lake Michigan. That 
 floor is us- d for the dining rooms. The ninth and tenth stories have no win- 
 dows, being lighted by skylights, as they are set apart for the ball courts. 
 The basement contains eight bowling alleys, reaching under the sidewalk ; a 
 shooting gallery, running the whole depth of the building ; a bicycle storage 
 room, with lockers, and connected by an incline with the bicycle club 
 room on the first floor ; large storage and repair rooms and the boilers 
 and machinery. The first story is reached by a spacious vestibule in 
 the center of the front, with the business office and reception and 
 coat rooms on either side. A large hall at the top of the steps opens 
 into the lavatory, barber shop and dressing rooms, back of which are the 
 Turkish and Russian baths, a swimming tank measuring 40xG0 feet, and a 
 lounging room. Another door leads from the hall to the bicycle club room, 
 whicn has a separate entrance from the street to admit wheelmen and their 
 machines, the object being to make it convenient for bicyclists to ride up to 
 the door of the building, store their machines, put on their business suits 
 and leave their wheels there during the day. The second story consists of a 
 large hall in front, with a cafe at the south end, separated by a colonnade, 
 and a billiard room with twenty-six tables. Between the two main rooms 
 are small apartments for the billiard-markers and lavatory and serving room. 
 The third floor contains a library and reading room at the southeast end. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 223 
 
 -with two club rooms adjoining, lavatory, drying room, linen room and office. 
 The rear half is given up to thirty-seven baths, with 1,500 lockers and 106 
 dressing rooms. The gymnasium occupies the fourth and fifth stories. 
 Three rooms are used for special apparatus, leaving for the gymnasium 
 proper a larger space than is given to any other similar institution in the 
 country. The running track is on a balcony at the height of the fifth story, 
 so as not to interfere with the work of gymnasts. The length of the track 
 is ten laps to the mile. The sixth and seventh stories are occupied by bed- 
 rooms, sixty-six in number, with the necessary baths and other requisite?. 
 The eighth story is taken up by dining rooms, there being one large gen< ral 
 dining room and several private rooms, with the store rooms, kitchen, etc., 
 in the rear. The balconies on this floor can be used by dinner parties. The 
 ninth and tenth stories are thrown into one and contain two racquet courts, a 
 tennis court and five courts with a parlor and marker's rooms. Everything 
 is finished with more regard to substantiality than elegance. The baths are 
 finished with tile and marble, nickel-plated pipes, etc., in the most durable 
 manner. The lounging room on the first floor has two fire-places and a col- 
 onnade opening into the swimming-tank. It is furnished with comfortable 
 chairs, divans and lounges. Each of the dressing rooms has a lounge and 
 is comfortably fitted up. Membership limited to 2,000. The initiation fee is 
 $100 for active members and $50 for non-resident members, with annual dues 
 of $40 and $20 respectively. 
 
 The government of the association is vested exclusively in a board known 
 as the "board of governors." This consists of twenty-one members chosen 
 by ballot and the gentlemen now constituting the board aiv : C. L. Hutchin- 
 son, president; N. B. Ream, vice-president; James S. Gibbs, treasurer; R. C. 
 Nickerson, secretary; Joseph Adams, Chas. Schwartz, Wairtn M. Salisbury; 
 B. B. Lamb, M. C. Lightner, Henry Ives Cobb, N K. Fairbank, Eugene S. 
 Pike, A. G. Spalding, W. Vernon Booth, Egbert Jamiesou, J.*t ph T. Bowen, 
 Cyrus H. McCormick, H. P. Crane, Wm. H. Hubbard, W. S. McCrea. This 
 board has full and absolute power over all the property of the association and 
 complete management of it. It has also special powers calculattd to regulate 
 the life of the club-house. That its management thus far has been wise and 
 salutary for the association is the conviction of all connected with it. 
 
 Chicago Curling Club. — Curling was introduced into Chicago in 1854. 
 At the start the Chicago Club was composed exclusively of Scotchmen, but 
 since that time it has grown and extended its membership, including several 
 Americans and members of other nationalities. Meets at 83 Madison st. 
 The present officers of the club are: President, David Hogg; vice- 
 president, James McWhirter; secretary, James Duncan; treasurer; 
 Alexander White; representative to the Grand National Curling 
 Club, James White; committee of management, John Campbell. 
 James Rilston, D tniel McKay, Richard Pritchard and Robert 
 McWhirter; honorary members, James Alston, Andrew Wallace, Robert 
 Clark and Alexander Kirkland; regular members, John Angus, John Camp- 
 bell, James Duncan, Frank Grady, David Hogg, Robert C. Harper, Alex- 
 ander D. Hannah, James B. Hill, E. W. Kibbie, Walter Keeran, William 
 Manson, Frank Manson, Daniel Manson, John McArthur, Daniel McKay, 
 James McWhirter, George Hoffman, Thomas Nicholson, John Pettigrew, 
 Richard Pritchard, John T. Raffen, James Rilston, George Wood, Alexander 
 
224 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 White, Alexander Watson, G.Barron, E.Hall, Archibald Savage and G. Ham- 
 mond. Under the rules of the National Curling Club the club members are not 
 allowed to play matches for money, as from the very beginning every effort 
 has been made to keep the game pure and free even from the semblance of 
 gambling. The rules do not prohibit games between members, however, for 
 some trophy. The rule in the Chicago Club has been to play matches for 
 certain amounts of money, the winners to donate the spoils to some charity. 
 Chicago Fencing and Boxing CTw&.— Organized 1890. Club rooms, 106 
 E. Randolph street. The object of the organization was to increase the interest 
 in local amateur athletic circles. Officers: President, T. W. Sprague; first 
 vice-president, C. H. Chamberlain; second vice-president, F. E. Willard; 
 secretary, F. H. Wightman; treasurer, C. R. Calhoun; captain, OttoHassel; 
 first lieutenant, C. T. Essig; second lieutenant, J. P. Keary. Theinstructor 
 in boxing is Prof. George Siler, one of the oldest and best known boxers in 
 America. The club gives frequent public exhibitions. Union Athletic 
 Club— President, J. F. Cook. Meets at 200 Adams street. Chicago Ath- 
 letic Pleasure Club— Officers: G. S. Smallwood, president and manager; 
 P. Mahoney, vice-president; J. Dullaghan, Jr., secretary, and W. D. Fenner, 
 treasurer. 
 
 Cricket Clubs.— Chic ago Cricket Association — Annual meeting 1st Tues- 
 day in April at Grand Pacific. Officers: President, W. P. Griswold; first 
 vice-president, F. Wilde; second vice-president, H. A. Watson; secretary, 
 E. J.Tomlins,238 Randolph st. Chicago Cricket Club (incorporated) — Meets 
 room 5, 170 State. St. George Cricket Club — Secretary, W. Lovegrove, 
 710 N. Wells. Wanderers' Cricket and Athletic Club — One of the fore- 
 most athletic clubs of Chicago. Composed of cricketers, sprinters, rowers, etc. 
 
 Cycling Clubs. — Among the cycling organizations of Chicago are the 
 following Bicycle Clubs' Association, composed of the wheelmen of the 
 various clubs of the city. The objects of this association are to secure 
 harmonious and concerted action in all matters of general interest to wheel- 
 men in Chicago and vicinity, particularly in such matters as municipal legis- 
 lation, improvements of streets and roads, the prevention of the theft of 
 wheels, to spread a knowledge of the rights, duties and privileges of wheel- 
 men, to promote road and track racing, to foster fraternal club intercourse 
 and, as far as possible, to aid the state and national organizations of the 
 Leigue of American Wheelmen. The delegates and the cycling clubs repre- 
 sented by them are as follows: Chicago Cycling Club— S. A. Miles, L. B. 
 Sherman andM. A.Hosgood. Illinois Cycling Club— T. L. Sloan, A. J. 
 Street and W. A. Davis. Lincoln Cycling Club — William Herrick, J. M. 
 Irwin and R. G. Betts. Washington Cycling Club— L. W. Conkling, B. B. 
 Ayres and Frank Barrow. Douglas Cycling Club— C. H. Wachter, J. C. 
 Wachterand A. W. Miller. ^Eolus Cycling Club— J. A. Erickson, R. H. 
 Ehret and A. W. Roth. Oak Park Cycling Club— C. A. Sturtevant, C. E. 
 Fox and A. T. Merrick. Englewood Cycling Club— H. A. Stoddard, F. 
 H. Gere and R. Rees. Lake View Cycling Club — LeRoy Cram, E. C. 
 Wescott and E. L. Ward. Vikings Bicycle Club— Carl Dietrich, F. A. 
 Kern and H. Behren?. The association controls 1,500 political ?otes and 
 will support candidates favorable to wheelmen and wheeling. American 
 Cycling Club— President, C. W. Patterson; secretary, H. M. Kimball. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 225 
 
 Chicago Cycling Club— Club house located at Lake ave. and Fifty-seventh 
 St., Hyde Park Centre. Take Illinois Central train, foot of Randolph or 
 Van Buren st., or Cottage Grove avenue cable line. This is one of the 
 largest cycling organizations in the country. Its membership consists of 
 about 300 wheelmen, from all parts of the South Side, their runs being on 
 the beautiful boulevards and avenues of the South Park system. President, 
 C. E. Randall; treasurer, R. Powell; secretary, Geo. Kretsinger. Cook 
 County Wheelmen — An off-shoot of the Washington Cycling Club, recently 
 organized. Officers: C. E. Graham, president; A. B. McLean, Jr., vice- 
 president; G. Howard Cornell, secretary; W. E. Brooks, Jr., treasurer; E. C. 
 W. Macholdt and C. H. Hinson, directors; W. u. Whitson, captain; Robert C. 
 Craigie, first lieutenant; Bert Salvage, second lieutenant; C. G. Sinsabaugh, 
 third lieutenant; A. L. Holtslander, color-bearer; F. A. Beach, bugler. 
 Douglas Cycling Club — A large organization of wheelmen. Officers: 
 J. C. Wachter, president; C. Kopf, vice-president: Fred Maack. secretary; 
 J. G. Loebsteih, Jr., financial - secretary; Ed Blettner, treasurer; A. W. 
 Miller, captain; H. B. Walker, William Slavik, board of directors; C. H. 
 Wachter, A. A. Wendell, surgeons. Club house, 586 W. Taylor st. 
 Illinois Cycling Club — Located at 1068 Washington blvd. , just west of the 
 railroad crossing, south side of street. Take Madison street cable line to 
 Campbell ave. The building is a four-story brick, built expressly for the 
 club, and is arranged for the convenience and comfort of cyclers. The 
 interior is elegantly furnished. There ar« billiard-rooms, card-rooms, recep- 
 tion parlors, etc. The club has a large membership. The officers are: 
 President, T. L. Sloan; vi-ce- president, H. C. Knisely; secretary, W. A. 
 Davis; treasurer, George A. Mason; directors, C. R. Street, John Hohmann, 
 H, L. Barnum; captain, E. J. Roberts; first lieutenant, Charles Hagaman; 
 second lieutenant, H. E. Krause; third lieutenant, H. G. Chisholm; fourth 
 lieutenant; Georare Skeer; color-bearer, John Palmer; bugler, S. C. Beach; 
 librarian, H. J. Winn; quartermaster, C. H. Stevens. Lake View Cycling 
 Club — Located at Lake View, Chicago. Officers: President, C. Edgar 
 Wescott; vice-president, LeRoy T. Cram; secretary, Robert E. Ward; 
 treasurer, Harry Parsons; captain, F. R. McDonald; lieutenant, C. Arnold 
 Wescott; color-bearer, Irving Telling. The four executive officers and 
 captain comprise the board of directors. Lincoln Cycling Club — 235 
 La Salle ave. President, T. W. Gerould; secretary, W. F. Hochkirk. Oak 
 Park Cycling Club— Located at Oak Park, a suburb of Chicago; has a large 
 membership. Following are the officers: President, C. A. Sturtevant ; vice- 
 president, Thomas H. Gale; secretary, Ed Burin gton; treasurer, R. T. 
 Miller; board of directors, J. M. Stimpson. Dr. De Vour, Harry Pebbles; 
 captain, J. M. Stimpson; first lieutenant, O. L. Cox; second lieutenant, 
 Charles Steiners; color-bearer, James C. Carter; quartermaster, C. O. Lud- 
 low: bugler, A. T. Starkweather; delegates to associated cycling clubs, J. M. 
 Stimpson, C. A. Sturtevant, C. E. Fox. Washington Cycling Club— 650 
 W. Adams. President, Burton F. White; secretary, AlberfJ. Elliott; treasurer, 
 Frank Barron. 
 
 Hand Ball Courts. — There are a number of hand ball courts or "alleys " 
 in Chicago, the best being McGurn's, located on Division st., North Side. 
 Take Division st. car. Among the leading hand ball plavers of the city are 
 Thomas E. Barrett, John T. McGurn, Peter O'Brien, Mart Scanlan, Hugh 
 O'Brien, William McGurn, Dennis Cronin, John Nagle, Captain James 
 
226 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Pumphry, of the fire department ; Marshal Campion, David Cushing, John 
 Healey, Charles Dolan, Catcher Buckley, of the National League; John Car- 
 mody, Captain John Hall, of the fire department; ex-Alderman James O'Brien , 
 Hugh Harrity, Con Dwyer, Thomas Loftus, John McDonough, Joseph Mc- 
 Laughlin, Thomas McCormack and John Coleman. 
 
 Horse Associations. — American Horse Show Association— 182 Monroe. 
 President, H. J. McFarland; secretary, Hobart C. Taylor; trea c urer, E. S. 
 Brewster; general manager, E. C. Lewis. Central Park Driving Associa- 
 tion — President and treasurer, J. T. Rawleigh; secretary, W. H. Kane, 173 La 
 Salle. [See Washington Park Club.] 
 
 Hunting, Fishing and Gun Clubs. — Audubon Club — Meets second Tues- 
 day in each quarter at Kern's, 110 La Salle. President, Chas. Kern; secre- 
 tary and treasurer, William W. Foss. Chicago Cumberland Gun Club — 
 Organized in 1881. Located in Lake county, 111. Itsclub house and grounds 
 were formerly the property of the sons of an English nobleman, Lord Parker, 
 and cost that gentleman about $60,000. It is one of the finest pieces of hunt- 
 ing club property in the country. Fifty miles from the city, equipped superbly 
 for all purposes of this character, invaluable as a hunting ground for feathered 
 game, in a healthful locality, the Cumberland's quarters in Lake county offer 
 a permanent temptation t ) the sportsmen of the club. The officers for the 
 first year were these: President. John M. Smyth ; vice-president. Frederick 
 B. Noreom; secretary, Charles K. Herrick ; treasurer, JobnJIeiland; board 
 of managers, Stephen Rymal, Charles D. Gammon, Michael Eich. The 
 officers for the present year are: President, H. D. Nichols; vice-president, 
 James Gardner; secretary, William L. Shepard; treasurer, John Heiland. 
 Board of managers, Harry D. Nicholls, Charles D. Gammon, Walter Mat- 
 tocks Cumberland Gun Club — Meets at Sherman House. President, 
 Chas. K. Herrick ; treasurer, J. Heiland ; secretary, W. L Shepard, 164 La 
 Salle. Chicago Rifle Club — President, S. M. Tyrrell ; secretary and treas 
 urer, W. H. Chenoweth, 76 West Monroe. Chicago Sharpshooters' Asso- 
 crATiON— Meets fi rst Monday at 49 La Salle st. President, E Thielepappe; 
 secretary, Orcas Matthae; treasurer, W. Burck. Chicago Shooting Club 
 — Meets at Sherman House club room. President, R. B. Organ ; secretary 
 and treasurer, John Matter. Diana Hunting Club — Clubhouse at Thayer, 
 Ind. President, J. Press; secretary, J. A. Kreutzberg. English Lake 
 Hunting and Fishing Club — Located at English Lake, Indiana. The club 
 was organized by a number of Chicago gentlemen in 1878 and has prospered 
 since its birth. It is not a regularly incorporated body, but is very wealthy 
 notwithstanding, and its club house is one of the best and most comfortably 
 equipped in the State. The house is a fine frame structure of twenty rooms, 
 and surrounding it are 6,000 acres of marsh-lands. These are the property 
 of the club and abound in duck, snipe, prairie chicken and geese. The 
 members of the English Lake Club who find pleasure in angling are 
 furnished with excellent opportunities in the lake. Among the game fish 
 in its waters are Dass, pickerel snd pike. Officers: A. M. Fuller, president; 
 J. M. Adams, vice-president ; R. W. Hosmer, treasurer, and A. W. Cobb, 
 secretary. Chicago Fly Casting Club — Meets at Sherman House. Presi- 
 dent, A, H. Harryman; W. H. Babcock, vice-president; C. E. Kenyon, secre- 
 tary and treasurer. Fox Lake Shooting And Fishing Club— Meets at theTre- 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 227 
 
 mont House." President, A. V. Hartwell; secretary, G. M. Millard. 117 
 Wabash avenue; treasurer, W. D. Cooper. Fox River Fish and Gamy. 
 Association — An association for the preservation of fish and game in the 
 Fox rives district. President, Geore-e E. Cole; directors, IT. L. Hirtz, 
 C. A. Knight, John Stephens, C. F. Hills, George E. Cole, John Willnr- 
 son, L. M. Hamburgher, George R. Davis, O. J. WeideDer and James 
 Gardner. Fort Dearborn Shooting Club — President, H. D. Nichols; 
 A. Klineman, vice-president; C. K. Hernck, secretary and treasurer. 
 Grand Calumet Heights Club — President, W. L. Pierce; secretary, 
 G. E. Marshall; meets quarterly at the Sherman House. Lake George 
 Sportsman's Association — Meets second Thursdays in each quarter at Sher- 
 man House. President, Jas. W. Sheahan; secretary, J. S. Orvis. Lake View 
 Rtfle Club— Meets Saturdaysat 2p. m., at Rifle Range, Colebour. President, 
 N. S. Warren; secretary, W. W. Holden. Mak-Saw-Ba Shooting Club — 
 Meets at Sherman House.; club house at Davis Station, Ind. President, T. 
 Benton Leiter; vice-presidtnt, L. R.Brown; secretary, W. R. Smith. Min- 
 neola Fishing Club — Club House at Fox Lake, 111. President, O. H. Roche: 
 secretary and treasurer, J. G. Divenn. Mississippi Valley Amateur Row- 
 ing Association — President, W. R. Moore, Moline, III.; secretary, D. R. 
 Martin, Pullman, 111.; North Chicago Schuetzen Verein — Meets second 
 Tuesdays at 267 North avenue. President, F. W. Labahn; secretary, H. R. 
 Zemple, 244 North avenue. Sportsman's Club — Meets third Thursday in 
 each quarter at Sherman House. President, C. N. Holden; vice-president, 
 Charles Hadwen; secretary and treasurer, A. W. Carlisle, 1001 Rookery 
 building. The Gun Club— Meets at Sherman House. President, F. C. Don- 
 ald; secretary aud treasurer, C. E. Willard. Tolleston Club — Club grounds 
 near Tolleston, Lake county, Ind.; composed of Chicago business men of 
 sporting taste. One of the wealthiest clubs in the United States. The club 
 was originally organized in 1871 by a number of Chicago gentlemen, who had 
 for years resorted to the marshes of the Calumet, near Tolleston, in Lake 
 county, Ind., for the purpose of shooting the duck and chicken for which 
 these marshes are noted. They called tue organization " Tolleston Club" 
 simply and purchased sixty a3res of land close to the marshes and known as 
 Van der Naillen farm. On this land, which is somewhat elevated, arose the 
 first Tolleston club house. The house has of late years been vastly improved 
 and enlarged, until now it possesses every comfort. Twenty-two large rooms 
 are finely furnished and nothing is wanting to make the quarters worthy of 
 the tenants, among whom are numbered a hundred or more of Chicago's 
 wealthiest citizens. The officers of the club are: President, F. A. Howe; 
 vice-president, W. R. Linn; secretary, George P. Wells; treasurer, C. D. 
 Peacock; board of directors, C. C. Moeller, James Wright, P Schuttler, 
 J. N. Crouse, S. M. Moore; superintendent of club house, Willard West. 
 Union Shooting and Fishing Club— Club house at Fox Lake, 111.; meets 
 third Tuesdays each quarter at Grand Pacific. President, John G. Beazley; 
 secretary and treasurer, J. C. McCord, 116 La Salle, room 24. Western. 
 Rifle Association — Secretary and treasurer, W. H. Chenoweth, 76 W. 
 Monroe. 
 
 Indoor Base Ball Olubs.— There are " Indoor Base Ball Clubs" connected 
 with nearly every social club of prominence in the city, besides a great num- 
 ber of independent organizations in city and suburbs. There are two leading 
 "leagues" of Indoor Base Ball Clubs — the "Midwinter" and Chicago 
 
228 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Indoor Base Ball League The g ime was very popular and fashionable in 
 Chicago last winter and th3 probabilities are that it will continue to be so 
 for more seasons to come. The game is of Chicago invention and followed 
 what came to be known as the " Roller Skating Craze." The ball used is of 
 large size and mide of a yielding substance. The bat is 2% feet long and 
 1^4 inches in diameter at the large end. The four, bases are each 1% feet 
 square, each filled with sand, They are not secured to the floor, and a man 
 may slide in and carry the base with him. The pitcher's box is six by three 
 feet, and is marked on the floor in chalk. The nearest line is 22 feet from 
 the home plate. The bases are 27 feet from each other, forming a diamond. 
 The distance from home to second base by a straight line is 37^ feet. Eight 
 ' or nine men may be p'ayed on a side and only rubber-soled shoes are used. 
 The leading teams are La Salles, Ken woods, Oaks of Austin, Idlewilds of 
 Evanston, Carletons, Marquettes, Farraguts, and Ashlands, of the Midwinter 
 League, and the Harvards, Lincoln Cycling Club ; Chicago Cycling Club, 
 and South Side Illinois Club of the Indoor League. 
 
 Tennis Clubs. — Chicago Trnnis Club — 2901 Indiana ave. Excello 
 Tennis Club— Secretary, E. U. Kirabark, 183 Monroe. Nokth End Ten- 
 nis Club— President, Win. Waller; secretary, A. T. H. Brower, State, corner 
 Burton pi. 
 
 Union Athletic Club. — 52 State st. President, J. F. Cook; secretary, J. A 
 Barkey, 118 N. Peoria. 
 
 Western Association of Base Ball Clubs — Office 108 Madison st. Presi- 
 dent, L. C. Krauthoff, Kansas City. 
 
 CLUBS— GENTLEMEN'S AND SOCIAL. 
 
 Acacia Club. — A social organization, 105 Ashland ave., West Side. 
 
 JEolus Club. — A social organization. Officers: — President, H. B. Keats; 
 vice-president, A. W. Roth: second vice-president, S. Wittenberg; corres- 
 ponding secretary, T. J. Swenie; financial secretary, H. J. Freeman; treasu- 
 rer, C. P. Kennedy; quartermaster, J. B. Wilson; librarian, E. Andrews; 
 directors, J. Mobr, Al Christianson, and S. W. Wolf. 
 
 Apollo Club. — A musical organization of prominence and high standing 
 in the city, of which Prof. W. L. Tomlins is the director. It has through the 
 tireless energy and splendid talents of its leader and his ability to impart his 
 profound knowledge of musical art in a practical way, attained a high plane 
 of artistic effect. 
 
 Argo Club—Q\w.h house situated on Lake Michigan at the extreme end 
 of the Illinois Central pier. It is a floating structure and the object of locat- 
 ing it on the water is to secure for the members the cool breezes which blow 
 across the water in the summer season. It is in reality neither a boat nor a 
 house, and yet both combined. It is built entirely of wood and cost $15,000. 
 If it were built on shore a fire ordinance governing the building of frame 
 structures within the city limits would swell the expenditure to twice that 
 size. The kitchen and store rooms are in the hold. The main saloon is 
 above, and this room is elaborately finished in mahogany and curly maple. 
 From the tables, which are scattered about the saloon, the club men and their 
 guests are afforded a splendid view of the lake. The state-rooms are on still 
 another deck, and above this is the hurricane or promenade deck, where the 
 

 [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company. 11 ] 
 
 CHICAGO HERALD BUILDING, 154-158 WASHINGTON ST. 
 
 [See " Newspapers. 11 ] 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 229 
 
 orchestra is stationed at all receptions. From top to bottom this half ship, 
 half house, is furnished in the most luxuriant style and the gymnasium or 
 athletic equipment is not surpassed by any semi-aquatic club in the country. 
 Nearly one hundred names are on the roll of membership. 
 
 Ashland Club. — Located at 575 Washington boulevard, corner Wood 
 street, organized in October, 1886. It is the leading, as well as the largest, 
 social organization on the West Side. The present membership is 500, to which 
 number it is limited by the by-laws of the club. The club house is a handsome 
 and commodious structure. It contains parlors and reception rooms, a ban- 
 quet hall capable of seating 200 persons ; an assembly hall with a floor space 
 60x80 feet, the largest of the kind in Chicago, provided with a stage, with 
 complete settings suitable for theatricals, concerts, lectures, etc., far the exclus- 
 ive use of the club ; billiard room with twelve tables, library and reading 
 rooms, wash and bath rooms, kitchen, servants' rooms, bowling alleys, cafe, 
 etc. The balls and other elegant entertainments given by the club have made 
 it a recognized social leader: The buildings and grounds cost $85,000. The 
 admission fee is $50 ; annual dues $40. A. E. G. Goodridge is president and 
 A. N. Marquis, secretary. 
 
 Bankers' Club. — An association of the leading bankers of the city. They 
 give an annual banquet, to which distinguished guests are invited. Offi- 
 cers—President, E. G. Keith; vice-president, John C. Black; secretary, James 
 D. Sturges; executive committee, John C. Neely, W. F. Dummer and John 
 C. Black. 
 
 Bichloride of Gold Club, of Chicago. — Organized on the 28th of July, 
 1891, Composed of graduates of the Keely institute at Dwight and its various 
 branches. Meets at 155 Washington street. Lesley E. Keeley, M. D., LL. D., 
 honorary president for life. First officers: President, Opie P. Bead , first vice- 
 present, Thomas F. Murray ; second vice-president, D. W. Wood ; third vice- 
 president, John Dillon ; treasurer, Dr. W. F. Standiford ; secretary, C. E. 
 Banks; corresponding secretary, N. A. Reed, Jr.; directors, P. W. Snow- 
 hook, N. A. Reed, Jr., Frank A. Moore, Louis A. Rexford, H. H. Boyington 
 and Charles H. Sampson. Present officers: O. W .Nash, president; 
 George B. Booth, secretary ; N. A. Reed, Jr.; corresponding secretary ; C. H. 
 Sampson, treasurer. This club has done a marvelous amount of good work 
 since its organization, it has sent to Dwight for treatment many needy per- 
 sons, and up to this writing not a single relapse has been reported. The 
 Chicago club is incorporated under the laws of the Slate of Illinois. The 
 incorporators were : Louis A. Rexford, Nate A. Reed, Jr., W. Grant Rich- 
 ardson, Homer H. Boyington, Frank A. Moore, Opie P. Reed and William 
 A. Standiford. 
 
 Bichloride of Gold Club of Dwight. — Located at Dwight, 111., seventy- 
 two miles southwest of Chicago. Take the Chicago & Alton railway. Or- 
 ganized April, 1871, in a blacksmith shop by a few graduates of the Keeley 
 Institute. Object of the club, the affiliation of those who have taken the 
 Keeley treatment at Dwight, or any of the legitimate branches of the Keeley 
 Institute. This is the parent club of all the Bichloride of Gold Clubs in the 
 world. Its meeting place for many months w r as in a disused Presbyterian 
 church to which a large addition or annex was built. The club has a mem- 
 bership at present (summer of 1892) of about 5,000. These members in turn 
 became connected, upon leaving Dwight. with the various Bichloride of 
 Gold Clubs in other parts of the country" The badge of the club is a horse- 
 
230 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 shoe in token of the place where the first meeting was held, in the center of 
 which is the capital letter " K " in recognition of the discoverer of the Bi- 
 chloride of Gold remedies. The club meets at present in the old opera house 
 at D wight, which is also used in part as a treatment hall. This is supplied 
 with a stage and all the necessary appliances for the giving of per for ma nets. 
 Its presiding officers from the commencement to the present time have been 
 as follows: Presidents: 1st, S. E. Moore, Pittsburgh, Pa.; 2d, O. B. Stan- 
 ton, Dwight, 111.; 3d, J. D. Thayer, Warsaw, Ind.; 4th, B. Reynolds, Wash- 
 ington, D. C.; 5th, S. S. Lowe, Chattanooga, Tenn.; 6th, Wm. M. Burris, 
 Liberty, Mo.; 7th, P. H. Sherry, Joliet, 111.; 8th, W. D. St. Clair, Chicago, 
 111.; 9th, Frank Clark, Bartow, Fla.; 10th, Henry C. Cleveland, Rock Island, 
 111.; 11th, James N. Brown, Huntsville, Ala.; 12th, J. Havdon Burns, Chi- 
 cago, 111.; 13th, J. W. Van Dervoort, Mt. Vernon, N. Y.; 14th, O. W. Nash, 
 Oak Park, 111 ; 15th, J. D. Kehoe, Maysville, Ky. Chairmen: 1st, John J. 
 Flinn, Chicago, III ; 2d, W. E. Morrison, Morrisonville, 111.; 3d, Waller 
 Young, St. Joseph, Mo.; 4th, Geo. H. Slator, Alpena, Mich.; 5th, Charles 
 Stewart, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The secretary of the club, who is also the 
 secretary of the Bichloride of Gold Club of the World, is Hon. J. D. Kehoe, 
 of Maysville, Ky. Meetings are held every morning in the week at nine 
 o'clock, at which business is transacted and departing members make their 
 addresses, etc. These meetings are conducted according to parliamentary 
 rules and are always interesting. They are usually attended by from 500 to 
 700 men. Song services are held every Sabbath. The club entertainments 
 are given on Wednesday and Saturday evenings of every week. Admission 
 fee, $1; price of badge, $1.50. 
 
 Bichloride of Gold Club of the World. — The outgrowth of theBi-Chloride 
 of Gold Club of Dwight. Founded in November, 1891. First annual con- 
 vention held on Feb. 15, 1832. First Board of Directors : S. E. Moore, Capi- 
 talist, Pittsburgh, Penn., who was also first president of the Bi-Chloride of 
 Gold Club of Dwight; Hon. W. S. Arnold, ex-surrogate judge of Idaho Ter- 
 ritory, resident counsel at Dwight for the Leslie E. Keeley Company; John 
 T. Rice, M. D., Attica, Ind.; Hon. J. D. Kehoe, Maysville, Ken.; John J. 
 Fiinn, Chicago, 111.; William M. Burris, Lawyer, Liberty, Mo.; L. H. Lyon, 
 Capitalist, Lyon's Falls, N. Y.; S. E. Moore, President, W. S. Arnold, Vice- 
 President ; J. D. Kehoe, Secretary. This club is founded on the principle 
 of Grand Lodges and furnishes charters to subordinate clubs. Delegate 
 conventions are to be held annually. The membership of the Bi-Chloride of 
 Gold Club of the World, it is expected, will exceed 20,000 by the spring of 
 1893. 
 
 Bon Ami Club, of Wilmette. — Located at Wilmette, a suburb of Chicago, 
 fourteen miles from the Court House. The organization is for social purposes 
 strictly. Officers: President, W. E. Crane; secretary, W. R. Morley; treas- 
 urer, E. T. Paul; financial secretary, Mrs. A. N. Gage. The club uses the old 
 Adrian House as a meeting place. 
 
 Calumet Club. — Located at the corner of Michigan ave. and Twentieth 
 st. Take Wabash avenue cable line. Organized in 1878. The building 
 which it occupies is a magnificent one, four stories high, with fronts on both 
 the streets named. The grand hall is very handsome, with its broad fire-place, 
 handsome staircase and stained glass windows. To the left are the drawing- 
 rooms, with windows the whole length of the Michigan avenue front, and to 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 231 
 
 the right the offices, the cafe and the billiard room. On the second floor are 
 card rooms and the ball room, where, from time to time during the winter 
 months, entertainments are given. The third floor is devoted to private 
 apartments, and the top floor to the dining rooms and kitchens. The Club 
 has a splendid collection of pictures. It aims to preserve the early history of 
 the city and State, and its old settlers' annual receptions have become famous. 
 The Club is composed generally of the leading men of the South Side. 
 Admission fee, $100; annual dues, $80. 
 
 Carleton Club. — A South Side social organization. Meets at 38G0 Vin- 
 cennes ave. 
 
 Chicago Club. — Located on Monroe st., between State st. and Wabash 
 ave., opposite the ladies* entrance to the Palmer House. Was organized in 
 1869, and was an outgrowth of the old Dearborn Club, which was located on 
 Michigan ave., near Jackson st. The first club house of the Chicago was 
 situated at the corner of Wabash ave. and Eldridge ct., and was destroyed in 
 the great fire. The present building was erected shortly afterward. The 
 structure is not as magnificent as some of the club buildings erected more 
 recently, but the interior is beautifully and tastefully arranged. There is 
 more real elegance about it than, perhaps, may be found in any of the others, 
 although it is of an unostentatious character. The dining rooms and kitchens 
 are at the top of the house. The Club is composed generally of the merchant 
 princes and leading professional men of the city, and it is very exclusive*. 
 Comfort and congeniality more than crowds and confusion are desired. The 
 admission fee is $300, the annual dues are $80, payable semi-annually. Mem- 
 bership limited to 450 residents and 150 non-residents. The Chicago Club 
 has purchased the beautiful Art Institute Building and will probably move 
 into its new quarters during the present year. 
 
 Chicago Electric Club. — Composed of electricians and those connected 
 with electric pursuits. A social club for gentlemen. Located at 103 Adams 
 street. Its rooms are very handsomely fitted up. There are reception rooms 
 for members and their friends of both sexes. There are dining rooms on one 
 floor opening into Kinsley's upper corridors, and arrangements are made to 
 furnish either liquid or solid comfort after the most approved method. Bil- 
 liard, chess and backgammon outfits are provided in elegantly furnished 
 rooms, but cards are tabooed. An audience hall occupies a large space on 
 the top floor, where the regular club meetings are held for scientific discus- 
 sion. Paintings, works of art, bric-a-brac, pervade the whole apartment and 
 a music room with piano and other instruments is a part of the fitting. In 
 other words, all has been done that was needful to make the club quarters 
 elegant, refined and in every particular a recherche gentleman's club. Some of 
 the members are as well known in Europe as throughout the United States ; 
 many of them are social leaders and all of them are successful business men. 
 
 Chicago Women's Club. — Organized in 1876 by Mrs Caroline M. Brown, 
 who served as president for three years. The object of the club, as defined in 
 the constitution, is " mutual sympathy and council andunited effort toward the 
 higher civilization of humanity and general philanthropic and literary work." 
 The club is divided into six departments, as follows : Reform, philanthropy, 
 home, education, art and literature, philosophy. The regular meetings of the 
 club are held on the first and third Wednesdays of the month, with a business 
 session on the fourth Wednesday. The extrcises consist of papers and dis- 
 
232 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 cussions on topics connected with the work of the different departments. 
 Much outside work of a philanthropic, reformatory and educational nature is 
 also done by the club. The work of placing women physicians in the asylum 
 at Jefferson to take charge of women patients and of securing the appointment 
 of women as matrons in the jail and at the police stations was accomplished 
 by the club, as well as that of procuring the appointment of women on the 
 school board. The first free kindergarten was established through the efforts 
 of this society, which also raised among its members and outside friends 
 nearly $40,000 for the Boys' Industrial School at Glenwood. Three indepen- 
 dent organizations owe their existence to the Women's Club, viz., the Physio 
 logical Society, the Protective agency for Women and Children, and the 
 Industrial Arts Association. The last named society had for its direct object 
 the intrcduction of manual training in the lower grades of the public schools. 
 For four years its work, aided by the Decorative Art Association, was succes- 
 fully carried on through mission schools, the Boys' Industrial School at 
 Glenwood, together with the forming of free classes for the instruction of 
 teachers. It first petitioned the Board of Education for trial schools in 1887 
 and again in 1892, three of which have been established. Classes for instruc- 
 tion in the special subjects in their charge are held by the two literary depart- 
 ments of the Women's Club. The present membership of the club is about five 
 hundred. Membership is obtained by ballot and the payment of an initiation 
 .fee of $10 ; annual dues $5. The meetings are held in the club rooms of the 
 Art Institute building, corner of Michigan avenue and Van Buren street. 
 The officers are : President, Julia Plato Harvey ; vice presidents, Lucretia 
 M. Heywood, N. Halsted ; recording secretary, Laura H. Clark ; correspond- 
 ing secretary, Kate G. Huddleston ; treasurer, Frances B. Smith • directors, 
 Lucretia Effinger, Isabel A. H. Prindle, Frank Stuart Parker, Mary E.Galvin, 
 Mary E. Farnham, Jessie Willard Bolte, Kate M. Higginson, Ellen C. 
 Broomell, Clara M.J. Farson, Matilda L. Ware, Arabella C. Rogers, Mary 
 Spalding Brown, Sarah M. Heywood, Phebe M. Butler, Emma Dupee, Ida 
 M. Lane, Rachel Mayer, Kate Hutchinson Judah. 
 
 Society for the Peomotion of Physical Culture and Correct 
 Dress. — Fostered by the Women's Club, and holds its meetings in the rooms 
 of that club which are at present in the Art Institute Building. These 
 meetings occur on the first Friday of each month at 2:30 p. m. The object of 
 the society is mutual help toward learning the highest standards of physical 
 development, and mutual counsel towards realizing these standards in prac- 
 tical life. The membership now numbers two hundred. The president is 
 Mrs. H. M. Wilmarth, 222 Michigan avenue, and the secretary Mrs. L. J. 
 Dreier, 4627 Lake avenue. 
 
 Church Club — Organized December, 1890. Located on the fourth floor 
 of the High building, No. 103 Adams st. This is an Episcopalian organization 
 and its object is to bring into closer relations the clergy and the laymen of the 
 diocese, such as the board of Missions, the Standing Committee, the St. 
 Andrews Brotherhood, the trustees of the Theological Seminary, the Girls' 
 Friendly Organization, the Women's Auxiliary, and every other work of the 
 church, including Diocesan Offices where the Rt. Rev. the Bishop of 
 Chicago and the Archdeacon can meet the clergy and laymen, and transact 
 any business pertaining to the diocese. Reading and reception rooms are 
 open to members and visitors from 9 a.m. till 5pm. daily except Sunday. 
 Regular meetings of the Club are held on the 1st Thursday in each month at 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 233 
 
 Clarendon Glub. — A social organization composed of Israelites. The 
 membership, however, is not limited to those of Hebrew race or creed. The 
 membership includes many of the leading Hebrews of the city. 
 
 Commercial Club. — An association of the leading merchants, manufact- 
 urers, bankers and capitalists of Chicago, the object of which is to encourage 
 in a social and informal way the interchange of opinions respecting the com- 
 mercial necessities of the city. The club gives frequent dinners and banquets 
 and entertains distinguished guests. Some question of great importance 
 uppermost at the time is always discussed at their meetings and banquets. 
 [See Chicago Manual Training School.] Officers: President, T. W. Harvey; 
 vice-president, A. C. McClurg; treasurer, Henry J. McFarland; secretary, 
 Fred S. Janes. 
 
 Conference Club of Evanston. — Organized in 1890. Its object, " to call 
 together gentlemen of different professions and opinions to discuss present- 
 day topics," has been salutary. A dinner is served monthly during the win- 
 ter, of which notice is given to members, and the topic for, discussion is 
 announced. Two gentlemen particularly interested in or familiar with the 
 subject are chosen to give twenty-minute addresses, after which any member 
 may speak upon the assigned subject. 
 
 Congregational Club. — A society of members of the Congregational church. 
 
 Officers: President, —; E. H. Pitkin, vice-president; W. E. Hale, 
 
 second vice-president; Professor H. M. Scott, third vice-president; J. H. 
 Tewksberry, secretary, and J. R. Chapman, treasurer. 
 
 Cosmopolitan Club of Evanston : — The Cosmopolitan Club of Evanston 
 was organized in October 1891, the avowed object being to furnish comfort- 
 able rooms where brain and brawn workers might meet on a common footing 
 and enjoy a pleasant hour in reading, games and conversation ; an object 
 that has been well carried out. The club is, in a measure, unique, and at 
 first met with considerable criticism, but during the three months of its exist- 
 ence it has proved so great a success that there is no longer anything but 
 favorable comment. The rooms of the club, three in number, are over 416 
 Davis street and are fitted up with all sorts of conveniences. There is a 
 general assembly room, where lectures and entertainments are given and the 
 meetings of the club are held, a library with reading tables supplied with 
 nearly all the current periodicals, and a smoking room with card tables. 
 
 The credit of originating the idea of the club belongs to Mr. Volney W. 
 Foster, and to Mr. Foster, Dr. Hillis and one or two others, who have given 
 time and attention to the enterprise, the organization owes its present success. 
 
 Dearborn Club. — Located at 43 and 45 Monroe st. [See "Chicago 
 Club."] 
 
 Dinner Clubs. — Among these are the "Epicurean" and the "Forty 
 Club." The members dine periodically at one of the leading iiotels and 
 discuss questions of current interest. 
 
 Douglas Club. — Located at 3518 Ellis ave. Organized April, 1885. 
 Occupies a three story and basement building, formerly a dwelling, which 
 has been remodeled. There is a beautiful lawn in front and on the sides of 
 the house. In the basement are bowling alleys ; on the first floor are the 
 dancing hall, ladies' reception room, library and reading room ; on the second 
 floor are dressing and private rooms ; on the third floor is a large hall fitted 
 
234 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 up with portable machinery, where dramatic entertainments are given by 
 members of the club. Ladies of each member's family, and males from 
 fourteen to twenty-one, are entitled to the privileges of the club, subject to 
 certain restrictions. Admission fee, $25 ; dues, $30 per annum. 
 
 Douglas Park Club. — A West Side social organization of prominence. 
 Officers : President, Lawrence Ennis; vice-presidents, William P. Davis and 
 William Harley ; treasurer, F. E. Retnie ; secretary, Robert H. Coudrey ; 
 Directors, Pleasant Amick, T. W. McFarland, A. L. Coates and George 
 Kohl. 
 
 Elks' Club. — An association of members of theatrical and other professions, 
 similar to those in all our large cities. Officers: Dr. W. A. Jones, E. R. ; 
 George Schlessinger, E. L. K.; G. W. Barstow, E. L. K.; D. E. Hodges, E. 
 L. K.; J. W. White, secretary; Dr. L. H. Montgomery, Lee H. Willson, John 
 W. White, trustees; Rev. Henry G. Perry, chaplain; G. W.Andrews, esquire; 
 E. V. Girard, inner guard general; J. W. Shaw, organist. The lodge is in a 
 very prosperous condition, and during 1892 over $2,000 was disbursed for 
 charity. 
 
 Evanston Club. — Located at the suburb of Evanston. Take train at 
 Wells St. depot, Wells and Kinzie sts., North Side; or at Union depot, Canal 
 and Adams streets. , West Side. Club House at Chicago avenue and Grove street. 
 Officers: President, Marshall M. Kirkman; first vice-president, Milton W. 
 Kirk; second vice-president, N. C. Gridley; treasurer, W. J. Fabian; secre- 
 tary, Frank M. Elliot; additional directors, W. D. Hitchcock, F. A. Hardy, 
 W. Holabird, W. H. Bartlett, N. G. Iglehart, A. C. Buell and H. R. Wilson. 
 Mr. Kirkman organized the club and has been its president ever since. The 
 club is open every day in the week from 7 o'clock in the morning until mid- 
 night. The interior of the house is modestly beautiful. A music or dancing 
 hall of generous proportions occupies the west half of the building. Hand- 
 some portieres separate tie ladies' reception room from the vestibule, and the 
 lobby or smoking room occupies the center of the club home. This room, 
 tinted in warm colors, is the general lounging place for the club men, and 
 from it open the billard room, the charming library, and the card room. 
 Below stairs are the kitchen, dining room and bowling alley, the latter having 
 two fine runways. The Evanston club is not a club in the usual sense of 
 that word. It is a pleasant rendezvous where 200 gentlemen and their famil- 
 ies may meet for recreation and amusement and for the promotion of social 
 culture. 
 
 Evanston Country Club. — A summer social organization of the suburb of 
 Evanston. The home of the club is known as the "Shelter," and is situated 
 in the midst of beautiful grounds, on Hinman avenue and Clark street close 
 to Lake Michigan. It is the leading club of the village from May until No- 
 vember, and has a quasi connection with the Evanston Boat Club and other 
 social organizations. Frequent receptions, band concerts, boating parties, 
 etc., occur during the season. The membership is about 450, equally divided 
 between ladies and gentlemen. The president is Mr. Marshall M. Kirkman; 
 Mr. William E. Stockton and Mr Frank Arnd are vice-presidents; Mr. 
 Nicholas J. Iglehart is treasurer, and Mr. Edwin F Brown is secretary. 
 The directorate is composed of twenty ladies and eleven gentlemen. It is a 
 custom of the club to have one of the directorate ladies, one afternoon and 
 

 THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 235 
 
 evening of each week, act the part of hostess, presiding over the tea tables 
 and receiving the guests. The active committee is termed the house and 
 grounds committee. The responsibility of success or failure of the- season 
 rests with this committee, and the appointment is no sinecure. Mr. 
 Thomas S. Creighton is chairman, and is aided by Mr. Edwin F. Brown, Mr. 
 Frederick Arnd, Mr. F. P. Frazile, F. A. Handy, and B. V. Adams. Many 
 of Chicago's most prominent business men wear the dainty silver four-leaf 
 clover, the badge of the club. 
 
 Fellowship Club. — Organized June 4, 1891. Object, the promotion of 
 good-fellowship, and its extension to " the stranger within our gates." 
 Number of resident members limited to fifty; non-resident members, twenty- 
 five; honorary members admitted only by the unanimous vote of the members 
 present at any meeting at which quorum of the resident members is present. 
 Each member may invite one guest to a dinner of the club, the expenses to be 
 paid by the member inviting him. The executive committee has the right to 
 invite one or more club guests to each dinner, the expenses of whose entertain- 
 ment is paid out of the funds of the club. Initiation fee, $25. Dues from resi- 
 dent and non-resident members, $10 annually. Business meetings and 
 dinners of the club held on the first Thursday, June, October, December, 
 February and April, and on other stated occasions. Meetings held at one of 
 the leading hotels or restaurant. Officers: James W. Scott, president; George 
 Driggs, vice-president; H. Y. Selfridge, treasurer; F. Willis Rice, secretary, 
 No. 7 E. Monroe street. Executive committee: James W. Scott, George 
 Driggs, F. Willis Rice, H. H. Kohlsaat, Victor Lawson and M. P. Handy. 
 
 Foreign Book Club. — Comprised of ladies of the North Side who read 
 Foreign literature. Its membership is small. 
 
 Forty Club. — A dinner club meeting monthly. Active membership lim- 
 ited to forty drawn from bench, bar, the law, the theaters, and the profes- 
 sions generally. Entertains theater people and distinguished writers. 
 Meets at one of the principal hotels. 
 
 Fortnightly Club of Chicago. — Meets Fridays at 2:30 p. m. at Art Institute, 
 Michigan ave. and Van Buren st. Organized as a Woman's Club in 1873 by 
 Mrs. Kate Newell Doggett. Intended originally as a Womans' Suffrage 
 Organization, in which men and women should hold membership. Now 
 devoted to social intercourse and intellectual culture. The work of this 
 association is arranged on a carefully considered plan, which secures a 
 thorough knowledge of the subject to be treated at each meeting. Each 
 writer has a year in which to master the subject she is to present, and, as the 
 writer of an essay remarked, "To prepare a paper for the Fortnightly is to 
 add a good deal to your education, it matters not how liberal it maybe." 
 The work of the club for the year is divided into two courses, the continuous 
 course of study and the miscellaneous course. A committee of five members 
 takes charge of the continuous course, which is represented by a paper at one 
 of the two meetings that occur each month, and another committee of the 
 same number directs the miscellaneous course, which presents a paper on the 
 alternate day. At each of the meetings, which occur the first and third Fri- 
 days in the month, a well prepared and brilliant discussion under appointed 
 leaders follows the paper. The discussion over, tea and cake are served and 
 a delightfulsocialhour closes the meeting, at which the visitor will observe 
 that the strictest parliamentary forms, as well as the latest behest of fashion, 
 are carefully obeyed. The membership of" The Fortnightly of Chicago" 
 is limited to 175. The initiation fee and also the yearly dues are $12. The 
 
236 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 officers are: President, Mrs. Charles D. Hamill,' first vice-president, Mrs. F. 
 M. Wilmarth; second vice-president, Mrs. Otto H. Matz; corresponding 
 secretary, Mrs. Elizabeth M. Stone; recording secretary, Mrs. F. H. Gardner; 
 treasurer, Mrs. B. F. Aver; directors, Mrs. Milward Adams, Mrs. H. G. 
 Brainerd, Miss Nina G. Lunt, Mrs J. J. Glessner, Mrs. John Ailing, Mrs. 
 James M. Hubbard. 
 
 Germania Mwnnerchor. — Located at North Clark street, corner of Ger- 
 mania Place. Take North Clark street cable line. President, Harry Rubens ; 
 vice-president, Chas. H. Wacker ; secretary, Geo. W. Claussenius ; treasurer, 
 F. J. Dewes. The socity had its origin at the funeral of Abraham Lincoln 
 in 1865, when a small party of Germans from Chicago attended to render a 
 chorus. They were pleased with each other's singing and determined upon 
 the organization of a permanent society. Today it is one of the largest, most 
 respectable and most prominent musical organizations in the country. Incor- 
 porated March 31, 1869. ' Membership about 650, of which 125 are not Ger- 
 mans. The club is social as well as musical. The club house is one of the 
 handsomest in Chicago. 
 
 German Press Glub. — An association of the German press clubs of the 
 city. Meets at 106 Randolph street. The club has fifty-five active members 
 and several honorary members. Was organized in 1891. President, Theo- 
 dore Janssen. 
 
 Girls' Mutual Benefit Club. — Organized in November, 1890; located at 100 
 Cornelia st. The institution was established solely through the efforts of a 
 few energetic young ladies of the Third Presbyterian, First Congregational 
 and the Epiphany Episcopal Churches, Miss Sadie Morgan, Mrs. C. D. 
 Howell, Miss Helen Hutchins, Miss Mary Gillman, Miss Ida E. Moore and 
 Miss Alice C. Burkhardt. Nearly one hundred working girls nightly receive 
 instructions in those arts which make the model housewife. The follow, 
 ing is the curriculum: Monday, dressmaking and typewriting; Tuesday, 
 dressmaking and music; Wednesday, cooking and history; Thursday, music, 
 embroidery and millinery; Friday, cooking; Saturday, embroidery, cooking 
 and music. The house is self supporting, each one of the members being 
 required to pay a weekly assessment of 5 cents. The teaching force includes, 
 besides the ladies already named, Miss Wolf, Miss Avery, Miss Reese, Miss 
 Lowden, Miss Page, Miss Mack, Miss Burdick, Miss Fritz, Miss Blanche and 
 Content Patterson. On every weekday evening there are at least three of 
 these ladies present to take charge of the various classes. The house is com- 
 fortably furnished and well adapted to the purposes to which it is put. The 
 nucleus of a library has been started, and it is expected that before long the 
 number of books will be large enough to warrant the starting of a circulating 
 library. Officers — President, Miss Sadie Morgan; vice-president, Mrs. C. D. 
 Howell; secretary, Miss Ida E. Moore; treasurer, Miss Helen Hutchins. 
 
 Grant Club. — Chartered Aug. 10, 1885. Object: To promote social 
 and political intercourse, and advance the interest of the Republican party. 
 Also the discussion of improvements in our municipality. Holds its annual 
 meeting on the third Thursday in August. On June 3d, 1891, attheunvc iling 
 of the Grant statue at Galena, 111., thirty of its members participated in the 
 exercises. Officers; President, Hon. L. h, Bond; 1st vice-president, Fred 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 237 
 
 M. Blount; 2d vice-president, Henry H. Heistand; secretary, Dr. Liston H. 
 Montgomery, 70 State street; assistant secretary, Chas. L. Webster; treasurer, 
 M. E. Cole; sergeant-at-arms, W. H. Cosper. 
 
 Hamilton Club. — Chartered April 1890. Named after Alexander Hamil- 
 ton, the American statesman. The original officers of the club were presi- 
 dent, R. H. McMurdy; secretary, Rufus Metcalf ; treasurer, Ralph Metcalf. 
 The club is one of the most noted institutions of Chicago, with a large mem- 
 bership composed of the most prominent citizens in all walks of life. In 
 politics it is republican, but is not partisan in spirit. State and national ques- 
 tions of importance are freely considered, with the view of increasing the 
 growth of patriotism and the promotion of good government by its diffusion 
 of the principles of Hamilton, is doing much to promote the cause of loyalty 
 to the nation. Its annual banquets are among the notable political events of 
 each year, the speakers at the banquet of 1892 including such representative 
 public men as Russell A. Alger of Michigan, John M. Thurston of Nebraska, 
 and Governor Joseph W. Fifer. The present officers of the club are: Presi- 
 dent,HenryM. Bacon; first vice-president, Frederick A. Smith; second vice- 
 president, George P. Englehard; third vice-president, James R. Terhune; 
 treasurer, Ralph Metcalf: directors (five to be elected), John P. Ahrens, E. 
 M. Ashcroft, Frank H. Barry, Will H. Clark, George H. Harlow, Thomas 
 Hudson, John R. Laing, J. B. Mailers, Charles D. Warren; members of 
 political action committee (two to be elected), George P. Englehaid, John H. 
 Hamline, George H. Harlow, James R. Terhune. 
 
 Harvard Club — Organized 1888. Club house located at Sixty-third and 
 Harvard sts., Englewood. A social organization. It has a large membership 
 and gives frequent receptions through the season. 
 
 Harvard University Club. — Composed of graduates of Harvard University, 
 Cambridge, Mass., resident in Chicago. Muses J. Wentworth, piesidenc 
 Meets at stated occasions in the Auditorium hotel, holds au annual banquet 
 and entertains distinguished officers and graduates of the University, from 
 time to time. Many leading citizens of Chicago are members. 
 
 Hyde Park Club. — Located at Hyde Park. Club house, corner of Wash- 
 ington avenue and Fifty-first street. Has a membership of about 250. 
 Take Illinois Central train, foot of Randolph or Van Buren street, or 
 Cottage Grove avenue cable line. The building is a handsome one. Its 
 exterior is striking and the interior has evidently been given the thought of 
 tasteful decorators. It is strictly a gentleman's club. There are two stories 
 and a basement devoted to club purposes. In tbe basement are the gymna- 
 sium, bowling alley, store room, kitchen and boiler room. On the first floor 
 is a capicious foyer, opening into which are the office, reception and reading 
 rooms, connected by an inglenook, a billiard room with eight tables and a 
 cafe. The sec md floor is reached by the grand staircase, which leads 
 through a broad hall to the ball room and art gallery adjoining, all three of 
 which can be used for dancing on occasions. On this floor there are also 
 four cosey card rooms and a committee room, which can be thrown together 
 when desired. The whole interior is finished in antique oak. The mantels 
 and even the office desk, having been designed by the architect of the build- 
 ing, blend harmoniously with the treatment of the rest of the woodwork. 
 This beautiful building was dedicated by the club in 1890. The officers are: 
 
238 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 president, Martin J. Russell; vice president, W. R. Kerr; secretary, 
 Edward R. Shaw; treasurer, S. R. Jenkins; directors, Burton A. Sewell, C. 
 
 E. Woodruff, E. H. Turner, Robert Boyd, Charles H. Hunt, Robert Stewart, 
 C. A. Mallory, W. D. Mackey and S, G. Wilkins. 
 
 Ideal Club. — Asocial organization; meets at 531 and 533 Wells street. 
 Officers: president, David Eichberg; vice-president, Simon Goldsmith; secre- 
 tary, Samuel J. Marks; treasurer, Adolph Berg; directors, A. Shakman, 
 
 F. Griesheimer, A. Yondorf, C. S. Bloch, Jos. Goodman, Geo. Frank, E. C. 
 Hamburgher, Jos. P. Weinreb. 
 
 Idlewild Club of Evanston. — The Idlewild Club of Evanston is an organi- 
 zation composed of the younger men of the village. They have commodious 
 quarters on Davis street, known as Idlewild hall, and occupy all the second 
 story of one and the greater portion ot another of the larger business blocks, 
 and consists of the largest hall in the village, together with reading and 
 billiard rooms. The special feature of this club is winter ball, and on the 
 occasion of league games the hall is packed wiih enthusiastic spectators all 
 whom contribute a liberal sum by the purchase of associate members' tickets, 
 which entitles the holder to witness all the games played. The club has thus 
 far this season played 19 games with Chicago and neighboring teams and 
 has yet to lose its first game. The phenomenal playing makes the home team 
 the pride of the town and they are warmly encouraged by the substantial 
 citizens. The club also gives numerous parties and social entertainments 
 during the winter season. 
 
 Illinois Club. — Located at 154 Ashland ave., West Side. Take W. Madi- 
 son street cable line. Organized in 1878 First building occupied, 401 
 Washington blvd.; moved to Ashland ave. and Madison St.; purchased pres- 
 ent quarters in 1884. Occupies a very handsome and commodious building, 
 fronting the most beautiful avenue in the West division of the city. Object 
 of club, the cultivation and promotion of literature and the flue arts, and of 
 social intercourse. The house contains kitchens, dining rooms, parlors, 
 reception rooms, reading rooms, billiard room, wash room, bowling alley, 
 ball room, private rooms, etc. Some very handsome pictures ornament 
 its walls. It gives elegant^ entertainments during the winter seasons. 
 Admission fee. $100. Annual dues, $50. William J. Chalmers, president 
 Fred S. James, vice-president; J. F. Talbot, secretary; Charles C. Reed, 
 treasurer. The following were elected directors for three years: Willis G. 
 Jackson, Jan,es P. Soper and A. C. Wakeman. 
 
 Indiana Club. — Located at 3349 Indiana ave. Organized in 1883. Take 
 Indiana avenue car, via Wabash avenue cable line. Occupies a very pleas- 
 antcltib house, a two story brick building. On the first floor are the billiard 
 and pool rooms, bowling alley and dressing rooms; on the second floor are 
 the parlor, reception room, card room, and a spacious dancing hall. This is 
 a family club, the wives and children of members being entitled to all privi- 
 leges. Entertainments are given at intervals throughout the year. Admis- 
 sion fee, $50. Annual dues, $20. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 239 
 
 Irish-American Club. — Organized May, 1880. Location of club rooms, 
 40 Dearborn st. Membership about 250. The fundamental principle of this 
 club is an immutable belief in Ireland's right to be governed by and for her 
 own people as an independent nation. The objects of the club, however, are 
 social. All men of Irish birih or descent, of good reputation, are eligible to 
 membership. Officers: President, John L. Cooke; vice president, Mark Mad- 
 den; secretary, James Conlan, Jr.; treasurer, John B. Heaney; executive 
 committee: M. J. Keane, M. W. Kerwin, P. Cavanaugh, M. S. Madden. 
 
 Iroquois Club. — Located at 110 Monroe street (Columbia Theatre Building), 
 in the business center of the city. Organized October 4, 1881. It is a political 
 (Democratic) and social club. Has very handsome and spacious quarters, 
 and is provided with all the comforts of modern club houses. It is the lead- 
 ing Democratic political club of the city, and numbers among its members 
 the most prominent partisans of the Jeffersonian creed. lis influence is felt 
 in National, State and Municipal campaigns. The Iroquois Club entertains 
 splendidly, and it was at a reception given here that Grover Cleveland used 
 tne expression, "A public office is a public trust." Membership about 500. 
 Admission fee and annual dues reasonable. Officers, president, Adlai T. 
 Ewing; vice-presidents — North Division, John Addison, E. O. Brown, and 
 A. C. HelmhoJz; South Division, O. S. Favor, F. G. Hoyne, and A. W. Wright; 
 West Division, J. J. Byrne, E. Carqueville, and Malcolm McDonald, Jr.; 
 recording secretary, J. F. Learning; corresponding secretary, R. W. Mor- 
 rison; treasurer, E. R. Cox. 
 
 Irving Club. — Located at Irving Park, a suburb of Chicago, organized 
 in 1890. This club has an elegant home. The officers are: C. A. Cook, 
 president; Frank Crego, vice-president; John I. Obwald, secretary; A. Y. 
 Berry, treasurer; and besides these four, John I. Monk, D. L. Buzzell, Phil 
 W. Coyle and W. T. Orell, as a board of directors. The Irving Club 
 House occupies a commanding position, well back in a beautiful stretch of 
 ground near the center of the little suburb. The building is of frame, with a 
 convenient height of three stories. On the first floor of the clubhouse are the 
 billiard-rooms, the gymnasium and the bowling alley. The second floor con- 
 tains the club parlors and reception-rooms, the directors' meeting-room and 
 the library. On the third flooristhe pride of the whole affair, a masonic lodge- 
 room and a hall for other society meetings. The club house is very neatly 
 furnished, all of its decorations being selected in extremely good taste. 
 
 Ivanhoe Club. — Located at South Evanston. Organized, 1891. Object, 
 the promotion of social intercourse between members and their families. 
 Officers: President, O. T. Maxom, M. D.; vice-president, Evan H. Hughes; 
 second vice-president, A. C. Pinkham; secretary, John E. Poor; treasurer, 
 Thomas L. Fansler. Directors: Albert E. Jacox, A. B. Beerup, G. B. Tre- 
 loar, Frank Sherman and C. S. Redfield. 
 
 John A. Logan Club. — Located at 466 La Salle ave., North Side. Take 
 Clark or Wells street cable line. Organized February 12, 1888. A polit- 
 ical (Republican) and social club. Has commodious quarters. Admission 
 fee, $10; annual dues, $12. 
 
 Kenwood Club. — Located at Forty-seventh st. and Lake ave., Kenwooc 
 Take Illinois Central train at Randolph or Van Buren Street depot. Organ- 
 ized in 1883. A social and family club in which the ladies and other members 
 of the family are entitled to privileges. Occupies the former residence of Nor- 
 
240 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 man B. Judd, Esq. , which has been remodeled and enlarged. The bowling 
 alley, dining-room and kitchen are in the basement; on the first floor are the 
 hall, office, reception and dancing hall; on the second floor are the card 
 rooms, billiard room, reading room, library, ladies' and gentlemen's dressing 
 rooms, etc. Admission fee, $100; annual dues, $40. The officers are: 
 Edwin F. Bayley, president; William S. Seaverns, vice-president; Charles B. 
 Vankirk, second vice-president; Harry B. Black, treasurer; Charles C. Whit- 
 tiker, secretary. The board of directors is composed of C. B. Bouton, John 
 S. Belden, William T. Brown, Ed. R. Woodle, W. T. Whetmore, T. S. Faun- 
 tleroy, J. Frank Aldrich and F. H. McClure. 
 
 Lafayette Club. — A social organization of the South Side. This club 
 gives twelve dances each year, nine at Douglas Hall and three at Jackson 
 Park pavilion. 
 
 LaGrange Club. —Located at LaGrange, a suburb of Chicago. A social 
 club; membership 100; fee $10, dues $20 annually. 
 
 Lakeside Club. — Located on Indiana- avenue between Thirty-first and 
 Thirty-second streets. Organized in 1884. Take Indianaavenue car, via Wabash 
 avenue cable line. O wns its present home, a modern building of brick and stone, 
 containing three stories and a basement. The billiard room, cafe, bowling 
 alley, private supper-rooms and dining room, capable of seating 400 guests, 
 are located in.the basement, on the first floor are the ladies' and gentlemen's 
 parlors and reception room, drawing rooms, and an assembly and dancing 
 room, fifty-five feet wide by one hundred feet long; in the second story are the 
 card rooms and gymnasium; in the third story are private rooms and servants' 
 apartments. Admission fee, $200; annual dues, $40. Membership limited 
 to 250. 
 
 La Salle Club.— Located at 542 Monroe St., West Side. Take West 
 Madison street cable line. Organized in 1884. It is a political (Republican) 
 and social club. First occupied premises at 9 Laflin st. ; moved to 28 Warren 
 ave. and finally came into possession of the former residence of C. C. Holton, 
 Esq., which has been remodeled, enlarged and beautified. It is a marble 
 front, four stories and basement, with a frontage of 125 feet, and a depth of 
 95 feet. An addition of 48x125 feet has been made by the club. The lunch 
 room, cafe, cigar stand, gymnasium and bowling alley are located in the 
 basement; on the first floor are the hall, two large parlors, reading room and 
 office, and billiard room with twelve tables; on the second floor are eighteen 
 card rooms, and the assembly hall; on the third floor are private rooms, ser- 
 vants' quarters, etc. Admission fee, $50; annual dues, $40. 
 
 Lincoln Club. — An organization of young Republicans of the West Side, 
 with purposes similar to those of the Hamilton Club of the South Side and 
 the Marquette Club of the North Side. Officers: H. A. Ingalls, president; C. 
 A.Brown, first vice-president; Dr. H. M. Thomas, second vice-president; W. 
 W. Wheelock, secretary; H. S. Dale, treasurer; house committee, K. J. Bas- 
 sett, L. D. Taylor and Dr. Stuart Johnstone; entertainment committee, E.W. 
 Northcott, E. L. Hance and Grant W. Ford; library and publishing com- 
 mittee, O. N. Carter, E. R. Edoand F. S. Loomis; membership, W.H. Noble, 
 W. A. Leonard and A. M. Rogers; political action committee G. E. Foss, H. 
 A. Wheeler, W. S. Holden, A. S. Kimball and A. Wahl. 
 
 Lotus Social Club. — Composed of the leading colored people of the city. 
 Give social parties. 
 
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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 241 
 
 Marquette Club. — Location of club house former residence of the late 
 Hon. E. Li. Washburne, corner of Dearborn ave. and Maple St., organized 
 1886. This handsome building has been remodeled and fitted up in the most 
 approved style, making it one of the finest club-houses in the city. The ban- 
 quet hall is worthy of a special mention. It is the handsomest in Chicago and 
 is second only to that of the Auditorium Hotel. The Marquette is a club com- 
 posed of the leading republicans of the North Side. It is a social rather than 
 a political club, however. It has a present membership of three hundred. 
 Many of the republicans of the city, non-residents of the North Side, are mem- 
 bers. Among its honorary members is President Harrison. The Hamilton 
 Club of the South Side and the Lincoln Club of the West Side, are formed on 
 the same principal. The Marquette gives numerous entertainments and re- 
 ceptions duiing the season. It has from time to time the leading republicans 
 of the country as its guests and its banquets are watched with a great deal of 
 interest by politicians as expression is frequently given to the keynotes of 
 political campaigns at these gatherings. The officers are : president, E. B. 
 Gould; vice-president, T. S. Simpson; treasurer, W. A. Poulson; secretary, 
 J. E. Rodgers; chairman political action committee, John S. Runnells. 
 
 Minneola Club. — Officers: President, O. H. Roche; vice-president, M. 
 Hamburger; secretary and treasurer, James G. Deven. Directors, O. H. 
 Roche, J. G. Deven, L M. Hamburger, Robert Lindblom, T. Bennett, J. C. 
 Peasley and J. V. Booth. 
 
 Minnette Club. — A West Side social organization which gives receptions 
 at Martine's Hall, 55 Ada st., during the season. 
 
 Nationalists' Club. — An association of gentlemen formed for the purpose 
 of interchanging ideas regarding questions of National interest and advo- 
 cating reform in Legislation and Government. Meets at the Grand Pacific 
 Hotel. 
 
 Newsboys Club. — Occupies rooms one and two in the Imperial Building, 
 Mr. Alfred J. Barnes is president; Miss Mary Logan Pearson, vice-president; 
 Miss Mary E. Sands, secretary; Mr. Alexander Schultz, treasurer, and Mr. Ford 
 Jones, librarian. The club is in a flourishing condition. It has a good library. 
 Well-behaved newsboys are admitted to membership. 
 
 North Shore Club. — A family Club. Has entertainments of different 
 kinds two or three times a week during the winter, for the members, their 
 wives and children. Lawn tennis, etc., in the Summer. Club House and 
 grounds open to the ladies of members' families at all times. 
 
 Oakland Club.— Located at Ellis and Oakland avenues, in building for- 
 merly the Lake Side Skating Rink. Take Cottage Grove avenue cable line 
 or Illinois Central train at Randolph or Van Buren Street depot to Thirty- 
 ninth street, Oakland station. The building has been remodeled and refitted 
 for club purposes. It is a large, two-story brick structure, rather unique 
 from an architectural point of view. On the first floor are the office, gentle- 
 men's and ladies' reading rooms, promenade hall, two ladies' parlors, two 
 gentlemen's sitting rooms, billiard hall 100 feet long, two card rooms, kitchen 
 and dancing hall 100 by 80 feet; the second floor contains the assembly 
 room, private rooms, servants' quarters, etc. Strictly a family club. No 
 Intoxicating liquors or games of chance allowed on the premises. Admis- 
 sion fee, $50; annual dues, $30. 
 
242 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Oaks, of Austin. — Located in their own building at Austin, one-half 
 mile west of city limits. Take train at Wells street depot, Wells and Kinzie 
 streets. Has very handsome quarters, consisiing of a reception hall, parlors, 
 card and billiard rooms, banquet hall, etc. The club has facilities for giving 
 amateur theatrical performances. 
 
 Park Club. — Located corner 57th street and Rosalie court. Take Cottage 
 Grove avenue cable line or Illinois Central train at Randolph or Van Buren 
 street to South Park station. Organized in 1886. A family club. Occupies 
 a handsome building four stories in height. In the basement are the bowling- 
 alleys, pool rooui and janitor's rooms ; on the first floor are the ladies' recep- 
 tion, cafe and hall ; on the second floor are the billiard room, card rooms and 
 director's room ; the upper floor is thrown into an assembly room, with 
 boudoirs, etc. The club house has splendid verandas, which make it a most 
 attractive resort in the summer. Admission fee, $25, annual dues, $40. 
 
 Phanix Club. — Located at Thirty-first street and Calumet avenue. Take 
 Cottage Grove avenue cars. Composed of young men of Hebrew lineage. 
 The club rooms were secured for five years, and $5,000 has been expended in 
 remodeling the building. There are two large parlors, a library, dining- 
 rooms, billiard hall, smoking room and all the requisites of a first-class social 
 club. Card playing and any form of gambling are positively prohibited. 
 Officers — Milton A. Strauss, president; A. J. Briersdorf, vice president; D. 
 L. Frank, secretary; E. Lowenstein, assistant secretary, and L. A. Nathan, 
 treasurer. 
 
 Practitioner's Club. — An association of physicians. Meets at the Palmer 
 house. A chairman is elected at every meeting and questions of interest to 
 practitioners are discussed. Officers: President, William A. Amberg; first 
 vice-president, Z. P. Brosseau; second-vice president, Dr. John Guerin; sec- 
 retary, Joseph B. Cremin; treasurer, George D. McLaughlin. 
 
 Press Club of Chicago. — Organized January 15 1880. Club rooms located 
 at 131 Clark sr. Clurier members — Melville E. Stone, Franc B. Wilkie, 
 Rodney Welch, W. K. Sullivan, T. C. MacMillau, Joseph R. Dunlop, Henry 
 F. Donovan, W. B. Sullivan, F. O. Bennett, Theodore Gestefeld, William T. 
 Hall, John J. Flinn, J. F. Ballantyne, Elwyn A. Barron, W. T. Collins, 
 James Maitland, Piatt Lewis, Thomas E. Burnside, C. A. Snowden, Law- 
 rence Hardy, W. P. Hanscom, Guy Magee, W. H. Hicks, John E. Wilkie, 
 Sam. V. Steele. The club was organized for the purpose of " bringing the 
 members of the newspaper profession together in closer personal relations, to 
 elevate the profession, to further good fellowship, and to extend a helping 
 hand to all members of the organization who may deserve it." The entiielist 
 of presidents is as givtn below, James W. Scott being the only man ever 
 re-elected to the office: 1880, Franc B. Wilkie, of The limes; 1881, W. K. 
 Sullivan, Journal; 1882, Samuel J. Medill, Tribune; 18b3, W. E. Curtis, 
 Inter-Ocean; 1884, James W. Bradwell, Legal News; lfc85, Joseph R. Dunlop, 
 Inter-Ocean, 1886, John F. Ballantyne, Morning News; 1887, James W. Scoit, 
 Herald; 1888, James W. Scott, Herald; 1889, James W. Scott, Herald; 1890. 
 Stanley Waterloo, The Times; 1891 , William A. Taylor, Herald; 1892, John 
 E. Wilkie, Tribune. The officers for the present year are: President John 
 E. Wilkie; first vice-president, Montgomery B. Gibbs; second vice-preside nt 
 A. T. Packard; third vice-president, H. E, O. Heintmann; recording secre- 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 24:3 
 
 tary, Cbarles E. Banks; financial secretary, Ed. R. Pritchard; treasurer, 
 George Schneider; librarian, Fred H. Hild; directors, Cbarles Matthias, 
 William Iglehart, F. J. Schulte, Wolf von Schierbrand, E. W. Pickard. The 
 club rooms are handsomely fitted up, and are convenient to the members 
 actively engaged in newspaper work. Journalists visiting the city are 
 granted the privilege of the club on being properly introduced by a member 
 in good standing. The Press Club is at present contemplating the erection of 
 a building in which it may be enabled to more suitably entertain visitors 
 during the coming two years. The membership is now about 250. Admis- 
 sion fee, $15; annual dues $20. 
 
 Ryder Club. — A social organization, composed of members of St. Paul's 
 Unitarian Church. Officers: President, Frank N. Gage; vice-president, 
 Frank Twing; secretary, W. E. Lamb; treasurer, Miss Annie Colby; Liter- 
 ary director, Frederick Hill; dramatic director, Byron Boyden; Social 
 director, Miss Mae Hutchinson. 
 
 Seven 0' Clock Club. — Conducted after the manner of the Sunset and other 
 clubs for the discussion of questions of current interest and importance. 
 Meets at the Masonic Hall, Sixty-third and Yale streets, and has an annual 
 banquet. Among the prominent members are A. H. Champlin, Homer 
 Bevans, O. T. Bright, E. W. Adkinson, C. S. Deneen, Edward Maher, John 
 Whitely, W.W. Smith, R. C. Croft, E. E. Loomis, A. J. Cleave, G. H. Owen, 
 C. W. Taylor, W. S. Demorest, H. A. Morgan, F. L. Mort, C.G. Thompson, 
 L. E. Noble, F. E. Daughly, H. C. Stebbings, G. H. Findle and C. Alderson. 
 
 Sheridan Club. — Organized 1889 by a few young gentlemen of the south 
 side. When the membership had reached thirty-five, the club took quarters 
 at 3532 Lake avenue. On May 1, 1890, the club moved into a larger and bet- 
 ter building at 35 Michigan avenue, its membership being ninety. Later on 
 $5,000 was raised for the construction of a new club house on the southwest 
 corner of Michigan avenue and 41st street. This buildiDg is two stories 
 and a basement of brick and brown stone with copper cornice, and fronts on 
 41st street. The outside dimensions are 50x130. In the basement are the 
 bowling alley, kitchen, furnace room, coal room, etc, The first floor is 
 divided in a hall, 17x20 feet, with a grand staircase, from the landing of 
 which extends a circular balcony for musicians; foyer, 24x23 feet, and cor- 
 ridor, 25x9^ feet, all closely connected by wide archways. Facing on Michi- 
 gan avenue are the parlor, 16x20 feet, and smoking room, 21x17 feet, joined 
 by an ingle-nook, 14^x10 feet. At the right of the entrance is the office, 
 and next comes the cafe, 35x25 feet, with a large service pantry separating it 
 from the billiard-room, 42x48. On the south side of the corridor are the 
 lavatory and wardrobe. 
 
 On the second floor are the directors' room, card-rooms, ladies' boudoir 
 (above which are the servants" quarters) and an auditorium, 90x48 feet, a 
 story and a half high, to be used for dramatic performances and dancing. 
 A movable stage, 16^x40 feet, is adjustable at the west end of the hall, 
 while at the east end there is a balcony capable of seating 100. A striking 
 architectural effect is a row of columns along the north and south sides of 
 the auditorium. This room is decorated in white and gold. The wood-work 
 of the house is in oak and cherry. 
 
 The Sheridan Club banquet, given at the Auditorium January 15 1891, 
 brought the club conspicuously before the public, since which time its mem- 
 bership has increased rapidly. Its "boom" may be said to date from 
 
244 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 that event. The club numbers among its members some of the wealthiest 
 men of the city, as well as some of the brightest young men in town. An 
 evening at the Sheridan leaves the impression that a jollier or more hospit- 
 able band of brothers would be hard to find. 
 
 The officers of the club are: President, John Julius Kinsella; vice- 
 president, Thomas D. Walsh; secretary, William A. Lydon; treasurer, Will- 
 iam F. Carroll; directors, Thomas ID. Nelson and P. H. Keenan. The olfl 
 cers of the auxiliary association are: President, Michael Cudahy; vice- 
 president, A. Cummings; secretary, John R. Geary; treasurer, T. F. Keeley; 
 directors, John P. Hopkins, T. E. Nelson, D. Corkery, E. Hudson, J. 
 O'Malley. 
 
 Single Tax Club, The Chicago. — Meets every Thursday eve. at 206 La Salle st. 
 President, W. W. Bailey; secretary, Frank W. Irwin. Incorporated under 
 the laws of Illinois. Object, 1st. To advocate the abolition of all taxts upon 
 industry and the products of industry, and upon exchange through tariff 
 t txation, and the taking by taxation upon land values, irrespective of 
 improvements, of the annua* rental value of all those various foims of 
 natural opportunities embracet under the general term, land. 2d. To advo- 
 cate the abolition of all special privilege legislation. 3d. To advocate the 
 adoption of the Australian system of voting. Any person in sympathy wiih 
 the principals and objects of the club may become a member. Four months 
 dues must be paid in advance. Regular dues twenty-five cents per month. 
 
 Suuth Side Medical Club. — This club was organized in 1889 upon the plan 
 of the Sunset club, and has among its members many of the leading physi- 
 cians of the South Side of Chicago. Meetings are held once a month to dis- 
 cuss leading medical topics. 
 
 Southern Society of Chicago. — Organized in 1891. Location of club 
 rooms, 425 Home Insurance Building. An association of Southern born and 
 Southern bred gentlemen for the purpose of social intercourse and mutual 
 benefit. The club or society is organized on a ba^is similar to that of the 
 Southern Society of New York, and has for its object, ultimately, the er< c- 
 tion of a down-town club house. Officers: Gen. Juo. C. Underwood, presi- 
 dent; W. A. Alexander, first vice-president; J. E. Neiswanger, second vice- 
 president; J. D. Alsup, secretary; A. O. Slaughter, treasurer. Directors: T. 
 Hamilton Mcintosh, D. A. Payne, M. D., George S. Norfolk, T. V. Wooten, 
 H. O. Nourse, John T. Dickinson, Willoughby Walling, M. D., J. C. Roath, 
 George O. Clinch, John J. Flinn, Thomas G. Windes, Percival C. Sneed. The 
 membership of this society includes many of the foremost professional and 
 business men of Chicago, natives and former residents of the so-called South- 
 ern States. Politics are not allowed to enter into the question of admission of 
 membeis nor into discussions in the dub rooms Among the members are 
 many ex-Confederate and Union soldiers. One of the principal obj( cts of 
 this club is to provide a place where people of southern affiliation may be 
 brought together, and where southern visitors to Chicago may be hospitably 
 and courteously received. The club gives frequent receptions which are 
 attended by ladies. 
 
 Standard Club.— Located at Michigan ave. and Twenty-fourth st. Take 
 Wabash ave. cable line. Organized in 1869. The leading Jewish club of the 
 city. Occupies one of the mo t elegant and complete club houses in Chicago. 
 In the basement are the bowling alleys, gymnasium, etc.; on the first floor are 
 the parlors, library, cafe, billiard room, etc.; on the second floor are ladies' 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 245 
 
 parlors and retiring rooms, and three dining rooms; on the third floor is the 
 assembly and ball room, with theatrical appointments. The club is magnifi- 
 cently furnished. Membership limited to four hundred and nine. Admis- 
 sion fee, $500; annual dues, $80. Officers: President, Joseph Spiegel; vice- 
 president, Jacob Schnadig; treasurer, Oscar G. Foreman; financial secretary, 
 August Gatzert; recording secretary, N. Greensfelder. Directors: M Selz, A. 
 Loeb, H. Nathan, H. Elson, H. B. Gimbel, A. M. Snydacker, M. Hirsh, N. 
 Florsheim, J. S. Wineman, N. J. Schmaltz. 
 
 Stenographer s Club. — Officers: —President. Dan Brown; vice-president, 
 Nellie F. Sargent; treasurer, E. C. Quimby; secretary, Miss Mary Arnold; 
 directors, W. K. Bush, Harry Piper, Lillian Bonner, Mary Perry, Ruth A. 
 Briggs. 
 
 Sunset Club. — Founded in 1891 on the principles of the Twilight Club of 
 New York and the Seven O'clock Club of Washington. It takes its motto 
 from Herbert Spencer's line: '■ We have had somewhat too much of 'The Gos- 
 pel of Work,' it is time to preach ' The Gospel of Relaxation.' " Meets every 
 Thursday at one of the leading hotels at a quarter past six, at which time a 
 dinner is served and short talks are heard from members or invited guests on 
 questions of current interest or importance, the object of the club being to 
 foster rational good fellowship and tolerant discussion among buj-iuess and 
 professional men of all classes. The only expenses incident to membership 
 in the Sunset Club are an annual assessment of two dollars for stationery, 
 printing, etc., and one dollar for each dinner partaken of . Any genial and 
 tolerant fellow may become a member on approval of the Executive Commit- 
 tee. The following is the Club's declaration of principles: No club house, 
 no constitution, no debts, no contributions; no accounts, no defalcation.no 
 by-laws, no stipulations, no profanity, no fines, no stealing, no "combines." 
 no president, no bores, no steward, no " encores," no long speeches, no dress 
 coats, no late hours, no perfumed notes, no parliamentary rules, no personali- 
 ties, no dudes, no mere formalities, no preaching,- no dictation, no dues, no 
 litiga'ion, no gamblers, no dead boats, no embezzlers from foreign retreats, 
 no meanness, no vituperation, simply tolerant discussion and rational recrea- 
 tion. The Executive Committee is composed of the following gentlemen: 
 Henry Bausher. Jr., Dr. A. P. Gilmore, S. S. Gregory, C. L. Hutchinson, 
 Rollin A Keyes, Victor F. Lawson, George D. Rumsey. Murrv Nelson, 
 Georcre F. Stone. Henry B. Stone, Edward S. Washburn, W. W. Catlin, A. 
 A. McC >rmick, Joseph W. Errant, secretary. 
 
 Union Club. — Located onWashington pi. and Dearborn ave., North Side. 
 Take North Clark st. cable line or North State st. car. Organized in 1878. 
 Formerly occupied the Ogden residence, recently torn away to make room 
 for the great Newberry library. The present structure is a handsome one and 
 is beautifully arranged and furnished. On the first floor is a magnificent hall, 
 finished in carved oak ; to the left are the parlors, extending the length of 
 the Dearborn ave. side, and to the rear is the cafe ; the billiard room, reading 
 room, coat room and lavatory are also on this floor; on the second floor is the 
 dining room, card rooms, director's room, etc.; the kitchen and servants' 
 apartments are in the basement. It is a strictly social club and very exclusive. 
 The active membership islimited to 600, but only 388 are on the roll. Admis- 
 sion fee, $100 ; annual dues. $60. Officers: President, Franklin H. Watriss; 
 Vice-president, George S. Willits; secretary, John B. Kitchen ; treasurer, 
 William D. Beall. 
 
246 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Union League Club. — Located on Jackson st. and Fourth ave., fronting 
 the south end of Custom-house and Post-office. The great general commer- 
 cial and professional club of the city. Incorporated 1879, with the declared 
 object of encouraging and promoting, by moral, social and political influence, 
 unconditional loyalty to the Federal Government, and of defending and 
 protecting the integrity and prosperity of the nation; of inculcating a higher 
 appreciation of the value and sacred obligations of citizenship; of maintaining 
 the civil and political equality of all citizens in every section of our common 
 country, and of aiding in the enforcement of all laws enacted to preserve the 
 purity of the ballot-box, resisting and exposing corruption, promoting econ- 
 omy in office and securing honesty and efficiency in the administration of 
 National, State and Municipal affairs. The political complexion of the Club 
 is strongly Republican, but it is conducted on strictly non-partisan principles. 
 The active membership has recently been increased from 1,000 to 1,200, and 
 there is a demand for a still further increase. With this great membership, 
 the admission fee being $200 and the annual dues $80, taken in connection 
 with the large receipts of the dining and wine-rooms, etc., the revenue of the 
 Club is very heavy, and it has been p< s4b!c io make aaditions to the building 
 and to beautify the interior in a manner which makes it the most sumptuous 
 club house in the city. It has a splendid libraiy. The house is centrally loca- 
 ted and is the popular luncheon quarters for bu^iuess and professional members. 
 It has a ladies' department, tlegantly fitted up. The east entrance is used 
 exclusively tor ladies with escorts. It is not possible for strangers to visit the 
 apparlments of the Club, save when accompanied by a member, nor are 
 meals served to non-members who are residents of the city, when accompanied 
 by a member, save by special permission. Members, however, may take 
 strangers in the city to the cafe at anj r time. The Union League entertains in 
 a princely fashion, and during the World's Columbian Exposition it will con- 
 tribute greatly toward the comfort and enjoyment of distinguished visitois. 
 Officers for 1892: President, George E. Adams; first vice-president, Ferd W. 
 Peck; second vice-president, Porter P. Hey wood; treasurer, William D. Pres- 
 ton; secretary, Henry A. Knott; directors, one year, John C. Neely, J. W. 
 Brooks, Jr., James W. Ellsworth; two years, Charles T. Trego, J. C. Welling, 
 George H. Holt; three years, William A. Bond, H. G. Self ridge, Alexander 
 H. Revell. 
 
 Committee on political action, J. S. Runnells, chairman; C. C. Kohlsaat, 
 Julius A. Grinnell, John Roche, J. Harley Bradley, John P. Wilson and 
 William Penn Nixon. 
 
 University Club. — Located in the University building, Dearborn street 
 and Calhoun place. Composed of graduates of the various colleges and uni- 
 versities. The building is built of brown stone to the third story. All above 
 the Hiiro" floor is occupied by the University Club. The apartments are hand- 
 somely lurnished. There are reception rooms, parlors, billiard rooms, card 
 rooms, etc. , and all the comforts of a modern club house. The University 
 Club has a large membership and is prosperous. 
 
 Union Veteran Club. — An association of Veterans of the War of the 
 Rebellion. The Club is in a healthy condition as to membership and finances. 
 Officers — President, E. R. Lewis, of Evanston; vice-presidents, J. B. Clark 
 and John M. St. John; secretary, J. A. Straub; treasurer, John Leffler; mar- 
 shal, Patrick Sullivan; board of directors, George Cannon, James A, Scott, 
 George Howison and Thomas Brown, 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.. 247 
 
 Wah Nah Ton Club. — The Tammany democratic club of Chicago. Offi- 
 cers — President, Walter S. Bogle; vice-president of the South Side, Valentine 
 Schmidt schmidt; West Side, John O'Brien; North Side, W. H. Lyman; sec- 
 retary, B. F. Jenkins; financial secretary, James Donohue; treasurer, George 
 P. Bunker; sergeant-at-arms, James Russell; assistant sergeants-at-arms, John 
 Reid and Paul Dasso; trustees, North Side — John S. Cocper, John F. O'Mal- 
 ley; South Side — John C. Schubert, Owen Murray, William J. O'Brien, An- 
 thony Dwertman; West Side — Walter S. Bogle, Frank J. Dvorak, John A. 
 King, John O'Brien and E. J. O'Hayer. 
 
 Washington Park Club. — Situated at. South Park ave. and Sixty-first 
 st. Take Cottage Grove avenue cable line. Organized 1883. Occupies an 
 unpretentious though commodious club house, within easy access of the Wash- 
 ington club racing park, south of Washington park. It is a combination of 
 the higher class of sporting, country and city clubs, members of nearly all 
 the other leading clubs being connected with it. The club house is more in the 
 nature of a rendezvous than a resort. The racing meetings of the Washington 
 Park Club are of national celebrity. The club house is handsomely fitted up 
 for the comfort of the members and the ladies of members' families. Follow- 
 ing are the officers for 1892: President, George Henry Wheeler; vice-presi- 
 dents, Samuel W. Allerton, Albert S. Gage, Charles Schwartz, H. J. Mac- 
 farland; treasurer. John R. Walsh; secretary, John E. Brewster; assistant 
 secretary, James Howard; executive committee, the president, the vice-presi- 
 dents, the treasurer, ex-officio, Charles D. Hamill, John Dupee, Jr., Arthur 
 J. Caton, Henry J. Macfarland, Thos. Murdoch, J. Henry Norton, John B. 
 Carson; property committee, John Dupee, Jr., Charles D. Hamill, John B. 
 Carson; house committee, Charles Schwartz, Charles D. Hamill, J. Henry 
 Norton; racing stewards, Albert S. Gage, Samuel H. Sweet, Frank S. Gor- 
 ton, John Dupee, Jr., John E. Brewster; board of directors for 1892, 
 Nathaniel K. Fairbank, Norman B. Ream, Samuel W. Allerton, James W. 
 Oakley, Columbus R. Cammings, Charles J. Barnes. John R. Walsh, J. 
 Henry Norton, Albert S. Gage, Samuel H. Sweet, Henry J. Macfarland, 
 George H. Wheeler, Thomas Murdoch, Charles J. Singer, James B. Goodman, 
 John Dupee, Jr., Frank S. Gorton, George Smith, John B. Carson, Thomas 
 Cratty, Arthur J. Caton, Charles Schwartz, Charles D. Hamill, John E. 
 Brewster. The admission fee is $150, from the payment of which subscribers 
 for one thousand dollars or more of the capital stock and officers of the U. S. 
 Army and Navy are exempt, annual dues, $40. 
 
 Webster Club. — Composed of young men and organized for social pur- 
 poses. Following are the members. Fred Abele, M. J. Walsh, Franklin 
 Giese, M.J. O'Donnell, G. T. Thirsk, H. C. Grundman, W. S. Lahey, J. T. 
 Stewart, W. A. Diez, J. E. McGrane, E. F. Breyer, H. E. Otte, L. A. 
 Lemke, W. W. Lill, F. Becker, H. Stolt, P. H. Berkes, T. Lindberg and 
 W. C. Carberry. 
 
 Whitecha.pel Club. — Located in the rear of 173 Calhoun PI. Organized in 
 October, lH8y. The object of the club is given on the charter as "Social 
 Reform." The purposes of the club are purely social, the intention in form- 
 ing it being to band together professional and literary men of congenial habit. 
 Business meetings are held once a week. It is customary to permit residents 
 of Chicago to visit the club rooms and inspect the extremely unique decora- 
 tions on Saturday. The visitor must be vouched for by a member of the club. 
 
248 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 It is customary, once a month , to hold a social meeting called a "Symposium," 
 to which guests are invited by the club and by individual members. The 
 initiation fee is $50, and one objection from any member bars an applicant 
 from admission. President, Charles Goodman Perkins; secretary, Hugh 
 Blake Williams ,M. D.; treasurer, Henry Frayser Frarnswonh; board of 
 directors for 1891, Charles Goodyear Seymour, Wallace de Groat Reid, 
 Finley Peter Dunne, Hoi ace Taylor, Henry Anthony Kosters, Edwin Michel 
 Bernard, Frederic Upham Adams and Brand Whitlock. 
 
 Women's Suffrage Club. — Meets in the club-room of the Sherman Hou^e 
 on the evening of the third Tuesday of each month. Organized for the pur- 
 pose of advocating and agitating equal political rights. Officers — President, 
 Mrs. J A. McKinney; vice president, Mrs. E. W. Haskett; secretary, Mrs. 
 F. Beckwith; treasurer, Mrs. C. B. Sawyer. 
 
 Woman's Club of Evanston. — Organized in 1889. One of the largest of 
 the many W'omen's clubs which form the federation of the United States. 
 The membership was limited to 125 until the fall of 1891, but now the mem- 
 bership is unlimited. The club is divided into committees, each having 
 charge of fome special branch of work; each committee holding meetings as 
 often as desired. The dub as a whole holds fortnightly meetings at the 
 home of Mrs. Elizabeth Boynton Harbert, president of the club. Especial 
 interest is being manifested in the World's Fair committee work. Other 
 committees are on philanthropy, reform, philosophy and economy. 
 
 Woodlawn Park Club. — Located at Woodlawn Park, has a membership of 
 over one hundred. Officers: N. C. Wheeler, president; A. S. Delaware, vice- 
 president; F. G. Atwood, secretary; S. A. Magill, treasurer, and J. W. Hill, 
 D. Graham, W. A. Fowler, A. J. Mills, S. V. Cornish and G. W, Riggs com- 
 pose the board of directors. A handsome new home was erected for ihisclub 
 in 1892. It is a three-story brick, Queen Ann style of architecture, and is 
 equipped with all modern conveniences. In the basement is a bowline- alley. 
 The club has a large dancing hall and stage for private theatricals. The hall 
 has a seating capacity of 500. 
 
 CLUBS— LITERARY. 
 
 Intellectual life in Chicago is creeping within bindings, and intellectual 
 society in clubs is becoming as potent a factor as is fashionable society in 
 ballrooms, parlors, and reception halls, which may not seem much in the 
 saying, but is infinitely more than it seems, since culture is a slow growth 
 and requires not only cessation from business cares, but careful thought and 
 retirement. Moreover, the culture clubs of Chicago are not ephemeral crea- 
 tions. They have struck their tools firmly into the roots and found it fertile. 
 They have not been given over to faddists, but to men who carried the same 
 sound business perceptions into literary recreation that had made them rich 
 and well-known in the financial world. No doubt many builded belter than 
 they knew, but they had chosen a rock foundation, and when the winds 
 blew and the rains descended, the structure did not vanish, as have too many 
 of the sand-bedded edifices of a civilization grown effete and given over to 
 ■whimsies. So it has come to pass in these latter days that Chicago has 
 
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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 249 
 
 builded for herself many a quiet temple of literary fame -wherein high 
 thoughts and noble inspirations feed the eternal flame upon the inmost altar. 
 It is the "living up, not down ; out, not in," and the city is better because 
 these men and women have striven to acquaint themselves with the literature 
 of both past and present, and instead of feasting on material things taste of 
 the dainties that are bred in books. And postenty, that much-talked of 
 child, will b3 a nobler creature because of an ennobled and mentally broad- 
 ened ancestry. 
 
 Beseda {Bohemian Reading Club). — Meets Tuesdays and Saturdays at 74 
 W. Taylor st. President, J. Kasper; secretary, E. A. Haase; treasurer, A. 
 Matuslia; librarian, F. B. Zdrubek. 
 
 Browning Clubs. — Th.re are several Browning clubs in Chicago and 
 vicinity, with no stated place of holding meetings. Nearly all are allied 
 closely to the Women's Club and other literary societies. 
 
 Chicago Library Club. — The library club is precisely the kind of an 
 organization that might be expected from its caption. It is comprised of 
 many men of many books, and is a comparatively recent association. The 
 mere fact that such a club can exist and prosper is a significant one, and with 
 a great truth underlying it. Unless a city were well equipped with library 
 centers in its different districts a library club would be impossible. But 
 Chicago is a city of splendid libraries, from the great free center with its 
 171, OuO books, and the Newberry reference library with 80,000 books, all 
 along the gamut of the Hammond theological, the Chicago university, the 
 Academy of Sciences, the Chicago Historical society, and the Northwestern 
 university libraries. Besides these are the libraries connected with the 
 Baptist union, the Presbyterian seminary, and St. Ignatius college, and the 
 Law institute, together with a host of public school and smaller libraries. 
 From all these sources have been drawn ihe membership of the Library club, 
 with no less a personage for its president than Dr. vVilliam Poole, of the 
 Newberry library. Fred Hild, of the public library, first vice-president; C. 
 
 C. Pickett, of the Law institute, second vice president; Dr. G. E. Wise, 
 secretary; Miss Lydia Dexter, treasurer. There will be no club rooms, as the 
 club purposes meeting around in the various libraries, a sort of itinerant 
 fellowship all through, becoming familiar with each other and with the 
 different libraries at one and the same time. 
 
 Chicago Literary Club. — One of the oldest and most prominent of the 
 culture organizations of Chicago. Organized March, 1874. Meets every 
 Moaday evening; holds receptions every fifth Monday; meets in the Art Insti- 
 tute building. The list of presidents since its inception are as follows : Robert 
 Collyer, 1874-75; Chas. B. Lawrence, 1875-76; Hosmer A. Johnson, 1876-77; 
 Daniel L. Shorey, 1877-78; Edward G. Mason, 1878-79; William F. Poole, 
 1879-80; Brooke Herford, 1880-81; Edwin C. Larned, 1881-82; George How- 
 lind, 1882-83; Henry A. Huntington, 1883-84; Chas. Gilman Smith, 1884-85; 
 Janes S. Norton, 1885-86; Alexander C. McClurg, 1886-87; Geo. C. JN'oycs, 
 1887-88; James L. High, 1888-89; James Nevins Hyde, 1889-90; Franklin H. 
 Head, 1890-91; Clinton Locke, 1891-92. The officers for 1891-92 are: Preside ut, 
 Clinton Locke; vice-presidents, Lewis H. Boutell, Clarence A. Burley, Arthur 
 
 D. Wheeler; corresponding secretary, Edward I. Galvin; recording secretary 
 
250 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 and treasurer, Frederick W. Gookin. Committees: Officers and members: 
 Lewis H. Boutell, Henry V. Freeman, Epbraim A. Otis, William Eliot Fur- 
 ness, James A. Hunt; arrangements nnd exercises, Clarence A. Burley, Frank 
 Gilbert, William W. Case, Allen B. Pond, Theodore P. Prudden; on rooms 
 and finance, Arthur D. Wheeler, Henry B, Stone, Charles D. Hamill, Moses L. 
 Scudder, Jr., Edwin Burritt Smith. 
 
 Club Litteraire Francais. — Club rooms 45 E. Randolph st. Organized 1872. 
 The membership is composed of about half French people and half Ameri- 
 cans, and between the program numbers are intermissions for conversation, 
 which, according to club regulations, shall be in French only. The French Lit- 
 erary Club of Chicago came, like a new newspaper, to fill "along-felt want." 
 Hare, where opportunites of hearing the French language spoken in all its 
 purity are particularly small, it was an unspeakable boom to bring educated 
 Parisians together with those who were endeavoring to become familiar with 
 the Gallic tongue. To bring them together so as to give mutual pleasure to 
 both classes was even more desirable. Both have been done. The Club 
 Litteraire Francais is a verity. It has a local habitation and a name, and it 
 meets every Saturday evening for a social reception, a short musical pro- 
 gram, or a French play, sometimes a blending of all three, varied by mon- 
 ologues and essays, though the latter are considered a trifle monotonous and 
 not volatile enough for " Lalange Francaise." The dramatic performances 
 are the club's pride. They, like all else on the program, are entirely French, 
 but they are admirably conducted by A. Gouere, who was formerly an actor 
 in the famous Comedie Francaise in Paris. Added to this is the fact that 
 many of the best musicians in town are members of the club, and are not 
 chary of their contributions. The Conseil d 'Ad ministration for 1891-92 is as 
 follows: President, Robert D. Wardwell; vice-president, Leon de Sadowski; 
 second vice-president, Mme. C. A. Sykes; secretary, M. Leon Grehier; treas- 
 urer, Arthur Woodcock; dramatic director, M. A. Gouere; reception com- 
 mittee, Mile. L^y Roemheld, Mile. Katherine Knowles, W. M. Payne, A. O. 
 Proast, H. J. Mellen, Ed E. Bideleux, O. L. Jandsha. 
 
 Illinois Woman's Press Association. — From a score of workers who met at 
 the home of that most zealous of clever literary women — Dr. Julian Holmes 
 Smith — in 1885, has sprung the Illinois Woman's Press Association. It was 
 suggested by the organization of the Woman's National Press Association at the 
 New Orleans Exposition and is conducted on much the same lines, is a mem- 
 ber of the National Editorial Association, the Federation of Women's Clubs, 
 the International League of Press Clubs, and is auxiliary to the Illinois 
 Woman's Alliance. Meets nine times a year. In order to facilitate achieve- 
 ment the association is divided into committees of editors, reporters, authors, 
 correspondents, contributors, and publishers, each having its own particular 
 branch of work to attend to. 
 
 "" All women having published original matter in book form or who have 
 been, or are, regularly connected with any reputable journal are eligible for 
 membership. The social side of the club, busy women that they are, has not 
 been overlooked. The annual banquet is always admirably arranged, well- 
 conducted, and a thoroughly enjoyable event. Also, noted newspaper women 
 visiting the Garden City are prone to find themselves the honored guests of 
 this band of brainy women. 
 
 A peculiarity of this club is that it has never had, or wanted to have, but 
 the one president. From the organization in 1885, through the re-organization 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 251 
 
 of 1886, up to the present time Mrs. Mary Allen West of the Union Signal has 
 stood at the helm. Sometimes her subordinate officers went the way of all 
 officials, but tbe revered president was, is, and will be— Mary Allen West. 
 The official list for 1892 is: President, Mary Allen West; vice-presidents, 
 Mrs. Elizabeth A. Reed, Alice B. Stockham, M. D , and Mrs. Sarah Wilder 
 Pratt; recording secretary, Belle L. G-orton; assistant recording secretary, 
 Jessie King; corresponding secretary, Emily A. Kellogg; assistant corres- 
 ponding s cretary, E. Jeannette Abbott; treasurer, Mrs. Francis E. Owens; 
 librarian, Ella S. Bass." 
 
 Longfellow Club. — An association of young ladies engaged in the study of 
 the poet Longfellow. Meets at the homes of members. On the order of 
 "Browning Clubs." 
 
 Palette Club. — A society of Artists; gives exhibitions of the works of local 
 artists at the Art Institute, and meets lor social purposes. The leading 
 artists of the city are among its members. 
 
 Papyrus Club. — Organized Sept. 14, 1891. The club with the suggestive 
 Egyptian name is entirely given over to the literati, and is modeled after the 
 Papyrus club of Boston, one of whose prominent members, Mr. Hovey, the 
 local club has recently entertained. The only people eligible for membership 
 in the Papyrus are writers, publishers, artists, and booksellers, and already 
 the club has established a handsomely furnished suite of rooms in the Audi- 
 torium building, where members may at all times resort, and where, no 
 doubt, social amenities will be developed asthe club waxes older and stronger. 
 Already it numbers among its members such well-known writers as Nancy 
 Huston B inks, author of the charming Kentucky romance " Stairs of Sand;" 
 Thomas S. Denison, the playwright; Maud Menefee, the writer of children's 
 stories, and Mrs. Lou V. Chapin. What the club may grow into if judiciously 
 managed is difficult of prophecy, that will depend on the literati themselves. 
 They have already given an "author's reading" evening, which is quite an 
 innovation in Chicago clubs. The officers are: President, Moses P. Handy; 
 first vice-president, George P. Englehard; second vice-president, Charles H. 
 Sergei; third vice-president, Mary Allen West; corresponding secretary, Ed- 
 ward O wings Towne; recording secretary, Maud Menefee; financial secretary, 
 T. S. Denison; treasurer, Robert H. Vickers; librarian, Austin Granville; 
 additional directors, Auguste Eckle, C. H. Kingman. 
 
 Press League, The. — Organized for the purpose of receiving and enter 
 taining newspaper and literary people during the progress of the Columbian 
 Exposition, but with particular regard to the entertainment of women writers. 
 Has no connection with the National Press League. When the women writers 
 l'rom. afar come to the Exposition they will find the league's rooms on the 
 grounds, a very Mecca for the tired and perplexed journalist, and after the 
 fair has come and gone there is no doubt but tbe organization will continue 
 to establish co-operation among regular writers for the press, to furnish 
 information as may be desired by writers from fellow-workers in different 
 parts of this country and in foreign countries, and to foster an esprit du 
 corps. The league meets once a month in the Auditorium club rooms, and 
 those gatherings are reported to be the wittiest and merriest, albeit intensely 
 literary, that an organization which contains not one dull person may pro- 
 duce. A peculiarity of the Press League is that its officers are elected for 
 three years, so that the following will still be in office during the Exposition: 
 President, Mary H. Krout, the Lnter-Ocean; vice-presidents, Martha Howe 
 
252 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Davidson, Adele Chretien. San Francisco Examiner; Helen Winslow, Boston 
 Beacon; Lou V. Ciiapin, Chicago Graphic; recording secretary, Virginia Lull, 
 the Chicag > Evening Journal; corresponding secittarv, Eve H. Brodlique, 
 the Chicago Times; corresponding secretary represent^ 'ive b< trd, Isabella 
 O'Keefe; treasurer, Antoinette Van Hoesen Wakeman, the Chicago Evening 
 Post; chairman auditing board, Mary E. Bundy, the Religio- Philosophical 
 Journal; assistant secretary, Norah Gridley; representatives at large, A. V. H. 
 Wakeman, Chicago Evening Post; Illinois, Virginia Lull, Chicago Evening 
 Journal; Ohio, Claudia I. Murphy, Toledo Commercial; Michigan, Sarah J. 
 La Tour, American Tyler, Detroit, Mich.; Indiana, Ida A. Harper, Indianap- 
 olis News; Iowa, Pauline Given Swalm, Oskaloosa Herald; California, Win- 
 fred Sweet Black; New Jersey and New York periodicals, Hester M. Poole; 
 New York, Florence Ives; Massachusetts, Helen M. Winslow, Boston Beacon; 
 Nebraska, Ellia Peattie, Omaha World-Herald; Minnesota, Ruth Kimball, St. 
 Paul Globe. 
 
 Saracen Club. — Organized 1876. The originators of the club were 
 Henry W. Fuller and Dr. Samuel Willard and it was named the Saracen 
 because its members proposed to criticise ideas and literatuie as unsparingly 
 as the Saracens fought their enemies and giving as little quarter. There is no 
 clubhouse. For sixteen years the members have met around at each other's 
 homes, thus preserving a marked social feature. There is always a paper, 
 followed by a discussion, aud then a supper is served by her who it chances is 
 the hostess of the evening. The entertainment is frequently quite elaborate, 
 as the Saracen members are people of ample means and social prominence. 
 There are eighty of them in all and each member has the privilege of bringing 
 a friend, so that to have a meeting of the Saracens at one's home is no ignoble 
 affair. During the winter seasons the meetings are held every month and are 
 discontinued in the summer. The membership is largely composed of doctors, 
 lawyers and literary men and their wives, with a sprinkling of unmarried 
 folk. Every year they give an entertainment and dinner at Kinsley's, which 
 is quite a fashionable gathering. During the whole list of presidents there has 
 been only one lady at the head of affairs, Mrs. George A. Harding, who is also 
 a member of the Fortnightly and Chicago Women's clubs. The officers for 
 1892 are: President Merritt Starr; vice-president s, Mrs. Sumner Ellis, Austin 
 Bierbower and Dr. Marie J. Mergler; secretary and treasurer, Norman P. 
 Willard; executive committee, Irving K. Pond, Mrs. John Wilkinson, E. B. 
 Sherman, Mrs. Charles Guy Bolte, Edwin Burritt Smith. 
 
 Spanish American Club. — Meets usually at the Tremont house. The aim 
 of the association is the better understanding of the Spanish language and 
 the customs of the people and the products of the Latin countries. While as 
 yet the club is purely social, later it will undoubtedly become active in prac- 
 tical lines. Among those prominently connected with the organization are 
 City Treasurer Peter Kiolbassa, August E. Gans, Alberto Zarate, J. M. 
 Wiers, E. F. Cotilla, E. S. Douglas, A. Raphael, A. C. Aaback, B. T. 
 Thomas. Manuel S. Molano, Mrs. A. M. L. Coleson and Miss Grace L. Dick- 
 inson. 
 
 Tuesday Reading Club. — Organized in 1891, Mrs. Jean M. Waldron, a 
 prominent North Side woman, being its originator. It was her idea to form a 
 reading club wherein ladies might meet for the study of good literature and 
 to leranhowto read it expressively. The idea took and a coterie of North 
 Side ladies have banded together and meet every Tuesday evening for the 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 253 
 
 pleasant exercise?. As the club meets at the respective homes of the mem- 
 bers, there its afforded a charming opportunity for sociability, a factor which 
 never has been overlooked. Light refreshments are served, and sometimes 
 the ladies sit down to a dainty luncheon. But the lherary part is counted as 
 the first and greatest part of the club's existence. 
 
 Twentieth Century Club —Established November 9, 1880, very much on 
 i lie plan of the .Nineteenth Century club cf New York. It is a club which 
 admits both ladies and gentlemen, in fact i's founder was a lady, Mrs. George 
 II. Grant, who had returned from the Atlantic coast lull of the new idea. 
 Mrs. Grunt is a society leader, as well as a Leautiful and accomplished woman, 
 a daughter of Fernando Jones. She has been the mainspring of the Cen- 
 tury club ever since its inception, though the presidents have been of the 
 sterner sex. For the first two years Maj. Kirkland filled that office, and a ; 
 present Charles D. Hamill, who is well-known as the new president of the 
 board of trade, stands at the head of this fashionable literary organization. 
 
 The object of the club is the promotion of serious thought upon art. 
 science and literature, and the entertainment of distinguished men and women 
 of other cities of this and other countries. Such individuals as have achieved 
 distinction in their respective departments of knowledge are invited to nnet 
 the club and speak before it. The officers are: President, Charles D. Hamill; 
 vice-presidents, L. C. Collins, Jr., Mrs. Charles Henrotin; secretary, Mrs. 
 George R. Grant, 1834 Prairie avenue; treasurer, William Morton Payne, 
 1601 Prairie avenue; general committee, Elwyn A. Barron, Hugh T. Birch, 
 Ingolf K. Boyesen, Charles Page Bryan, L. C. Collins, Jr., Charles D. 
 Hamill, Joseph Kirkland, A. C. McClurg, William Morton Payne, Henry B. 
 Stone, David Swing, Charles Walsh, Mrs. H. C. Brainard, Miss Amy Fay, 
 Mrs. George R. Grant, Mrs. W. Q. Gresham, Mrs. Charles Henrotin, Mrs. 
 Fernando Jones, Mrs. Joseph Medill, Mrs. S. J\ Medill, Miss Harriet S. Mon- 
 roe, Mrs. G. M. Pullman, Mrs. H. O. Stone, Mrs. H. M. Wilmarth. 
 
 Women's Beading Circle of S^uth Evanston. — Organized November 5, 
 1890, meets s 'mi-monthly ; membership limited to twenty-five; object, the study 
 of history. Mrs. Alexander Clark, director. 
 
 CLUBS-STATE SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 The American population of Chicago is composed in great part of natives 
 of other sections of the United States. The States of Indiana, Kentucky, 
 Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Vermont, Con- 
 necticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts are very largely represented here 
 among the mercantile and professional classes. The natives of a number of 
 the States have formed themselves into organizations of a social character, 
 which are referred to below. 
 
 California Pioneers. — The Western Association of California Pioneers 
 was organized January, 1890. The society is composed principally of persons 
 who crossed the plains in 1849, and for the purpose of bringing together for- 
 mer residents of the State of California. Its meetings are held at the Grand 
 Pacific Hotel, and its annual meeting is held on the 18th day of January in 
 each and every year, in commemoration of the day on which gold was first 
 discovered in California, January 18, 1848. The officers are: Charles P. 
 
254 GUIDE TO CHCAGO. 
 
 Jackson, president; Addison Ballard, first vice-president; Thad. P. Sears, 
 second vice-president; John B. Kerr, secretary; Davis W. Miller, treasurer; 
 trustees: George G. Custer, J. A. B. Waldo, Samuel Waugh, George A. 
 Emery, Addison Ballard, Chicago; Wm. N. Brainard, Evanston, 111.; Cam- 
 den Knight, Custer Park 111. 
 
 North Pacific Association. — To include former residents and natives of 
 Alaska, Washington, Idaho and Montana. Object, to bring together former 
 residents of the sections named in order to advance the interests of that 
 division of the Union, and to formulate the best plans for the proper enter- 
 tainment of the people of the North Pacific section during the World's Colum- 
 bian Exposition. 
 
 Ohio Society of Chicago. — Organized April 29, 1890, the charter members 
 being Charles E. Biiven, Charles D. Hauk, John T. Shayne, E. S. Jenison, 
 Samuel Parker, Dr. Liston H. Montgomery, Leroy D. Thoman. The resi- 
 dent members number 151; non-resident members, 13; honorary members 11, 
 making a total membership in March, 1892, of 175. The society meets quar- 
 terly, on the first Tuesdays in January, April, July and October. The annual 
 meeting is held on April 30th. In the list of honorary members are included 
 ttie following : Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States ; Ruther- 
 ford B. Hayes, ex-President of the United States ; Charles Anderson, of Eddy- 
 ville, Ky.; Gen. Jacob D. Cox, of Cincinnati, Ohio; ex-Governor R. M. 
 Bishop, Cincinnati, Ohio ; ex-Governor Charles Foster, Fostoria, Ohio ; 
 ex-Governor George Hoadley, New York ; ex-Governor Joseph B. Foraker, 
 Cincinnati, Ohio ; Governor James E. Campbell, Columbus, Ohio; Allen G. 
 Thurman, Columbus, Ohio. Among other prominent members are : Bishop 
 Merrill, Professor Swing, Dr. Barrows, Dr. Gunsaulus, the Rev. G. K. Flack, 
 Dl\ Arthur Edwards, the Rev. R. D. Scott, Colonel H. C. Corbin, ex-Gov- 
 ernor John M. Hamilton, General Benjamin Butterworth, Judge Baker, John 
 B. Drake, Major F. Q. Ball, Colonel J. S. Cooper, C. S. Darrow, J. W. Ells- 
 worth, P. S. Grosscup, W. W. Gurley, S. W. Stone, Wm. A. Mason, and many 
 other names equally well-knowr. The officers of the society elected at its last 
 meeting were: President, Judge L D. Thoman, ex-United States Civil Service 
 Commissioner; Vice-presidents, Charles E. Biiven, Wm. A. Ewing, Albert 
 H. Massey, Geo. Watkins, Lucius B. Montonya, Oscar M. Smith, Daniel W. 
 Mills, Henry D. Overdier, and Geo. W. Anderson. Honorary Vice-presidents, 
 Joseph Medill, Anthony F. Seeberger, William Penn Nixon, Joseph B. Leake, 
 John B. Drake. Secretary, Dr. L. H. Montgomery; Treasurer, Samuel Parker; 
 Trustees, John T. Shayne, Geo. P. Jones, ^Chas. D. Hauk, Addison Ballard, 
 Amos J. Harding, Henry J. Bohn, Theo. P. Elliott, Aaron J. Miksche, 
 Edward S. Jenison. In a circular issued by the officers on May 1, 1890, 
 the object of the society is set forth as follows : " We believe it desirable to 
 have a social organization in this city of former residents of Ohio, to the end 
 that the enviable position attained by our native State in the recent contest for 
 the location of the World's Fair may be maintained. " Any person over eighteen 
 years of age, of good moral character, and who is a native, or the son of a 
 native, of the State of Ohio, or has been a resident of Ohio for a period of five 
 years, may be admitted as an active member. Any person of the age and 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 2oO 
 
 character and similarly qualified, residing in Ohio or born therein, or having 
 been a resident thereof for five years, and residing elsewhere than in the city 
 of Chicago, and not within fifty miles thereof, may be admitted as a non-resi- 
 dent member. Non-resident members shall be entitled to all of the privileges 
 of the society, except that they shall not vote or hold office. Admission fee, 
 $10 ; annual dues, $5 ; non resident members' admission fee, $5 ; no dues. 
 
 Sons of Chicago. — Organized 1892. Native born Chicagoans are alone 
 elligible to membership. Thomas H. C.muoo, chairman, Clark C. Rolf, 
 secretary. 
 
 /Sons of Connecticut. — Organized 1891. Requisite for membership, bin h 
 in the State of Connecticut. Object, to promote the interests of that Slate in 
 the World's Columbian Exposition, and for social purposes. Officers : Presi- 
 dent, E. St. John ; Vice-President, Frank M.Blair ; Secretary and Treasurer, 
 C. W. Newton, 7 Randolph st. Executive Committee : E. St. John, Frank 
 M. Blair, Joseph Woodruff, F. W. Short, C. W. Newton. 
 
 Sons of Delaware. — Organized June 20, 1890 ; membership about 35. 
 Requisite to membership, birth in the State of Delaware. A social organiza- 
 tion. Initiation fee, $2.00. Officers: President, F. L. Ford ; Vice-President, 
 T. H. Glenn ; Treasurer, M. J. Powers ; Secretary, A. Lloyd, 3800 Vincennes 
 avenue. 
 
 Sons of Indiana. — Organized December 20, 1890. Present membership, 
 about 125. Requisites for membership, former residence in the State of 
 Indiana, present residence in Cook county, Illinois. Meetings held quarterly, 
 first Tuesdays in January, April, July and October, at such places as may be 
 named by the president. First banquet held February 24, 1891, in celebra- 
 tion of the anniversary of the capture of Vincennes by George Rogers Clark. 
 The date of the annual banquets is fixed at December 11, in celebration of 
 the admission of Indiana as a State into Union. Initiation fee, $1 ( 0; annual 
 dues, $1.00. Assessments are made to meet expenses of banquets, etc. The 
 officers are: President, John Lyle King; 1st vice-president, I)'. M. Hillis; 2d 
 vice-president, J. W. Helm; secretary, Geo. W. Wiggs; ireasurer, E. W. 
 Akinson; executive committee, J. Harvey Bates, J. M. Okott. J. William 
 Telrn, Geo. W. Wiggs, James M. Starbuck, W. C. Niblack, Lawrence P. 
 B >yle. 
 
 Sons of Louisiana. — Organized May 1, 1889. Membership, about 50. 
 Requisite for membership, former residencein the State of Louisiana. Initia- 
 tion fee, $2.00 ; dues, $6.00 per annum ; meet first Monday of each neonth. 
 Officers: President, G. W. Becker; vice-president, Seymour Walton; secre- 
 tary and treasurer, F. R. Southmayd. 
 
 Sons of Maine. — Organized April 3, 1880. Present membership, about 
 200. Requisite for membership, birth in the State of Maine, regardless of sex. 
 No stated place of meeting, one of the leading hotels being usually selected for 
 semi-annual gatherings and banquets. Initiation fee, $1.00 ; annual dues, 
 $1.00. Assessments are made to cover expenses incurred. The officers are : 
 President, E. F. Getchell; 1st vice-president, Geo. L. Dunlap; 2d vice-pres- 
 ident, J. J. P. Odell; 3d vice-president, J. B. Hobbs; treasurer, William 
 Spmgue: secretary, Frank Hamlin (son of Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, and a 
 rising young lawyer), room 77, 119 LaSalle st. ; directors: Geo. M. Sargent, 
 Geo. A. Emery, F. H. Smith, C. F. Kimball, Newton Goodwin, W. H. 
 Andrews, F. A. Johnson. The Sons of Maine have on their list of members 
 the names of many leading citizens of Chicago. 
 
256 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Sons of Massachusetts. — Organized November 12, 1889. Present member- 
 ship, about 150. Meet semi-annually at the Grand Pacific Hotel. The object 
 of the association, as stated in the bylaws, is " to cherish the memory of our 
 mother State, to acknowledge our love and fidelity to her, to perpetuate her 
 memory to those who come after us, and to maintain a patriotic love and devo- 
 tion to our common country, composed of all States." Any citizen of Illinois 
 born in Massachusetts, or formerly residing there, is eligible to membership. 
 An annual assessment is made upon the members for the liquidation of such 
 expenses as may be incurred. The officers are: President, Erskine M. 
 Phelps; vice-presidents, Silas N. Brooks, Edward F. Lawrence. Porter P. 
 Heywood; secretary, Edward H. Griggs; treasurer, Norman W. Hariis; 
 Directors, Chas. Lyman Case, E. W. Brooks, Charles E. Field, Josiah L. 
 Lombard, John B. Clarke, Henry Slade, E. A. Simonds, Edward O. Parker, 
 John C. Polley. 
 
 Sons of Michigan. — A Society composed of former residents of Michigan. 
 President, Joseph A Nealey; secretary, Richard Altrogh; treasurer, John W. 
 Irvine. The object of the club is to provide entertainment to Michigan people 
 coming here during the World's Fair. 
 
 Sons of New York. — An Association of the natives of the State of New 
 York was formed early in September, 1889, and was incorporated on January 
 2,1890. Its object or purpose was to co-operate with other State societies in 
 the effort then being made to secure the location of the great International 
 Exposition at Chicago. To this end the members of the Association, individ- 
 ually and collectively, devoted their time and influence with characteristic 
 zeal and energy. The membership of the Association increased at so rapid a 
 rate that it was resolved to make the organization permanent, which was done, 
 as mentioned above, by incorporating under the laws of Illinois. The princi- 
 pal object of the Association is the occasional bringing together at re-unions 
 of the resident men and women who hail from the Empire State for the pur- 
 pose of social intercourse, to renew past acquaintance, form new friendships 
 and cultivate the amenities incidental to a common citizenship. The society 
 of the Sons of New York has a membership of over seven hundred, hailing 
 from every county in the State of New York, and many of whom were foim- 
 erly friends and neighbors, but now residents of the great Empire City of the 
 West, in the growth and development of which the New Yorkers have evir 
 been conspicuous. Meets once a month at the Sherman House. Officers: 
 President, De Witt C. Cregier; first vice-president. J. Irving Pearce; second 
 vice-president, Solomon Thatcher, Jr.; third vice-president," J. L. Hotchkin; 
 secretary, John E. Davis, 154 Lake st. ; treasurer, Cbas. E. Leonard; directors, 
 Potter Palmer, Nelson Steele, Geo. H. Harlow, D. Miks and D&nk-J H. 
 Pinner y. 
 
 Sons of Pennsylvania. — Organized December, 1889; present membership, 
 about 800. The association is cjmprised; 1st, of native born or resident Penn- 
 sylvania's; 2d, of former citizens of Pennsylvania, who have resided at least 
 len years in the State; 3d, of those who have been connected with the 
 University, or any of the colleges, scientific or professional institutes of 
 Pennsylvania; 4th, of those who served during the war in any Pennsylvania 
 regiment, and may also include as members those still residing in Pennsyl- 
 vania; numbers among its honorary members, Geo. W. Childs, Andrew 
 Carnagie, Ex-Gov. Beaver, Gov. Patterson, Adjutant General Hastings, Post- 
 Master General Wanamaker and others. The object of the association, as 
 stated in the preamble of the constitution, is " for the purpose of promoting 
 more intimate acquaintance with each other, cultivating and keenine: 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 257 
 
 alive the associations, and reviving the recollections of our native State; 
 and, to the end that we may the better act in regard to all matters per- 
 taining to the common interest of the State of Pennsylvania and the 
 State of our adoption." Initiation fee, $2.00; annual dues, $1.00. Meetings 
 are h"l 1 monthly at the Palmer House. Election of officers occurs on the 
 first Monday in December, annually. At least one banquet is held every 
 year. In an address issued by the officers, the following presentation of the 
 organization's aims is made: The "Sons of Pennsylvania" is an organiza- 
 tion growing out of the Pennsylvania Auxiliary Committee of the World's 
 Fair, and is a permanent association, devoted to the development of an 
 expression of those social and fraternal influences which cling to the mem- 
 ories and incidents of " Home" in " The Keystone State" of Pennsylvania. 
 During the World's Fair season, the fraternal instincts of the Association will 
 gladly assist all Pennsylvanians, whether residents of the Keystone State or 
 citizens of "The Empire of the West," to secure home comforts at that moder- 
 ate cost which, upon great occasions in large cities, is so difficult of access to 
 the temporary sojourner. It may serve to still further endear the Associa- 
 tion to the heart of every Pennsylvanian to know that in its permanent form 
 of organization, one of its special duties will be to demonstrate the value and 
 extent of the influence exerted by Pennsylvanians throughout the entire 
 West, in its social, commercial and professional progress." The officers are: 
 President, Hon. W. B. Cunningham; vice-presidents, Franklin MacVeagh, 
 Dr. Swayne Wickersham, Hon. H M Shepard, Hon. J. J. Brinkerhoff, Capt. 
 J. B. Clow treisurer, Dr. J. W. Slonaker; secretary, Frederick J. Patterson, 
 449, "The Rookery," Chicago; executive committee, Austin L. Nestlerode, 
 chairman; Hon. Thos. D. McClellaud, Major C. I. Wickersham, J. C. Ander- 
 son, W. B. Cunningham, F. J. Patterson; finance committee, Gen. Jos. 
 Stocton, chairman; Dr. A. P. Gilmore, Dr. John F. Williams, Wm. Y. 
 Daniels; membership committee, Atlee V. Coale, chairman; C. E. Bruner, S. 
 E. Gross, C. S. Burrows, E. C. Loomis, B. B. Anderson. The membership 
 of the Sons of Pennyslvania is comprised of many of Chicago's leading citi- 
 zens in every honorable walk of life. 
 
 Son s of Rhode Island. — Organized November 12, 1889. Present member- 
 ship about 100. Initiation fee, $1.00; annual dues, $1.00. ]\kefs annually on 
 the first Tuesday in October at such place as the prend< nt may direct. Other 
 meetings may be called during the year. The preamble to the constitution 
 sets forth the purpose of the association as that of " promoting more intimate 
 acquaintance with each other, cultivating and keeping alive the associations 
 and reviving the recollections of our native State, and to the end that we may 
 the better act in regard to all matters pertaining to the common interests of 
 the State of Rhode Island and the city and State of our adoption." The 
 membership of this association consists "of gentlemen and ladies who were 
 boru in Rhode Island, residing in Illinois at the time of joining the associa- 
 tion, and such oiher gentlemen as claim to be Rhode Islanders, or who served 
 in any Rhode Island regiment during the war, or who have been connected 
 with Brown University, and shall be recommendtd by the membership com- 
 mittee, upon their signing the constitution ana by-laws and paying the 
 required fee." The officers are: President, Col. W. A.James; vice-presidents, 
 H. B. Cragin, David Fales. Charles J. Mauran, J. M. Francis, C. P. Walcott; 
 
258 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 secretary, Henry A. Taylor; treasurer, Willliam B. Bogart; executive com- 
 mittee, H. L. Belden, W. P. Cragin, J. B. Marsh, J. G. Cozzens, J. W. 
 Lyon; membership committee, W. B. Ballou, F. P. Crandon, O. S. Westcott, 
 E. L. Barber, C. L. Weaver; delegates to State Association, W. A. James, J. 
 T. Bowen, E. F. Cragin. An annual assessment is made to cover expenses 
 incurred. 
 
 Soils of Vermont. — Organized January 10, 1877. Present membership 
 about 275. Object, the perpetuation of the memory of the mother State, and 
 social intercourse among her sons. Originally it was requisite that an appli- 
 cant for membership should be a native of Vermont, but by a recent amend- 
 ment to the constitution sons of Vermontersover age of eighteen are eligible. 
 Males only are admitted to membership. No stated place of meeting, but one 
 banquet is given annually at one of the leading hotels. The association 
 meets semi-annually for business purposes. The annual banquet occurs on 
 the 17th of January, in celebration of the independence of the State of Ver- 
 mont The offices are: President, Thos. J. Sutherland; 1st. vice-president, 
 Lewis H. Bisbee; 2d. vice-president, James McAubery; 3d. vice-president, 
 Fiank B. Williams; secretary, George Edmund Foss, 919 Chamber of Com- 
 merce building; treasurer, H. H. Nash. Executive Committee, Austin Clem- 
 ent, E. B. Sherman, John M. Thatcher, A. G. Fisher, W. N. Sattley. An 
 annual assessment is made to cover expenses incurred. In the list of mem- 
 bers are the names of many of the foremost men of the city, in professional 
 and commercial life. 
 
 States Columbian Association. — There is in existence here aStatesAssociation 
 of representatives from societies organized among forma' residents of the 
 several States as an auxiliary to the World's Columbian Exposition enterprise. 
 The object of the Association as stated in the constitution is " to enable the 
 several State organizations of Chicago to co-operate for the purpose of promot- 
 ing the success of the Columbian Exposition; the understanding being, viz.: 
 the several State Associations, herein represented, do not surrender to this 
 Association any of their prerogatives or powers, nor shall their work be pre- 
 scribed or interfered with in any manner by this Association." The Asso- 
 ciation is composed of three duly accredited representatives from each of the 
 State and Territorial Associations now existing or which may be hereafter 
 formed in Chicago, provided, that the several Provinces of British America, 
 and such organizations representing Nationalities as the Executive Committee 
 may from time to time designate, may also be represented, in the same man- 
 ner, as their associations are duly organized. Officers: President, LeRoy D. 
 Thoman(of Sons of Ohio); First vice president, Elijah B. Sherman (of Sons 
 of Vermont); secretary, Hervey Sheldon (of Sons of New York), Secretary's 
 address, room 309 Inter Ocean bldg. ; treasurer, Solomon Thatcher, Jr. (of 
 Sons of New York). Vice-presidents: G. M. Sargent, Maine; H. B. Cragin, 
 Rhode Island; F. M. Blair, Connecticut; F. L. Ford, Delaware; W. W. Mc- 
 Elhaney, Virginia; Dr. H. A. Costner, North Carolina; P. C. Sneed, Geor- 
 gia; Charles Marsh, Alabama; R. H. Stewart, Mississippi; William Van 
 Ketle, Louisiana; Dr. M. R. Brown, Texas; F. I. Moulton, Missouri; C. 
 Thompson, Tennessee; D. W. Mitchell, Kentucky; Major C. E. Bliven.Ohio; 
 GeorgeS. Willits, Michigan; Charles H. Aldrich, Indiana; D. H. Lamber- 
 son, Illinois; Van H. Higgins, Iowa; Col. F. A. Battey, Minnesota; S. H. 
 Stevens, Kansas; W. N. Brainard, California; T. Z. Magarrell, Canada; De 
 Witt C. Cregier. New York; Col. E. A. Calkins, Wisconsin; Felipe 
 Berriozabel, Jr., Latin Am. League. 
 

 THE ENCYCLOPEDIA, 259 
 
 COMMERCIAL EXCHANGES. 
 
 The commercial exchanges, associations and boards of Chicago are 
 numerous and powerful. Although the largest, the association known as 
 the Board of Trade (which, in reality and properly, should be called the Grain 
 and Produce Exchange), is by no means the only important one. There are 
 various interests of magnitude not represented on the floor of the Board of 
 Trade, which are handled by other exchanges. The different Exchanges and 
 Associations are as follows : 
 
 Board of Trade^ — The leading Grain and Produce Exchange in the world ; 
 membership, about 2,000. [See Board of Trade Transactions.] Following 
 are the officers for 1892: President, Charles D. Hammill; first vice-presidente 
 Joules T. Rawleigh; second vice president, R. G. Chandler; secretary, Georg, 
 F. Stone; assistant secretary, R. S. Worthington; treasurer, Earnest A. 
 Hamill; Attorney, A. W. Green; manager of clearing-house, Samuel Powell; 
 treasurer of clearing-house, John C. Black; official grain samplers, Owen Mc- 
 Dougall, and Cruickshanks; inspector and registrar of flaxseed, S. H. Stevens; 
 inspector of provisions and weigher of packing-house products, also registrar 
 of provisions, Isaac T. Sunderland; inspector of grass-seeds, John Pax; 
 inspector of hay, David Walsh. The following are the standing committees 
 for the year: Executive — Rawleigh, Healy, Mitchell. Finance — Chandler, 
 Dousman, Edwards. Membership — Fiske, Beach, Smith. Room-VanKirk, 
 Bartlett, Booth. Market Report — Worthington, Chandler, Wright. Clearing- 
 House — Mitchell, Worthington, Lyon. Real Estate — Hannah, VanKirk, Wright. 
 Rules— Edwards, Hannah, Smith, Booth, Beach. Legal Advice — Bartlett, 
 Healy, Dousman. Ware house — Beach, Fiske, Hill. Violation of Rules — Smiih, 
 Beach, Mitchell. Tarnsportation — Dousman, Fiske, Booth, M. Cudbhy, Rich- 
 ardson, H. W. Rogers, Jr., M. Rosenbaum, W. J. Pope. W. J. Coon. Claims — 
 Wright, Bartlett, VanKirk, Worthington, Rawleigh. Meteorological Observa- 
 tion — Booth, Lyon, Edwards. Weighing— John Hill, Rawleigh, Healy. Provis- 
 ion Inspecting— Healy, Besley, Botsford, Wells, Stewart. Flour Inspection — 
 Montague, W. H. Crocker, C. Reifsnider, Isaac Horner, John B. Young. 
 Flaxseed Inspection — Lyon, Seckel, W. B. Waters, A. M. Henderson, J. 
 Wright. Other Inspection — Lyon, Hannah, Hill. Arbitration Committee 
 on Grass and Field Seeds — Hill, Seckel, A. M. Henderson, A. Eddy, Jr., 
 Alexander Rodgers. The secretary of the board, Mr. Stone, is also secretary 
 of the National Transportation Association and member of the Pan-Republic 
 Congress committee, of the general commitlee of the World's Congress Auxil- 
 iary on Commercial and Financial Congresses, of the Committee of the World's 
 Congress Auxiliary on a Water Commerce Congress, and of the Committee of 
 the World's Congress Auxiliary on a Board of Trade Congress. 
 
 The Board of Trade Building is situated at the foot of La Salle, on 
 Jackson St., between Sherman st. and Pacific ave., in the heart of the busi- 
 ness center, and only a short walk from the great hotels, railroad depots and 
 street car terminals. The immense size and architectural beauty of the 
 structure will attract the stranger's attention. It covers an area of 200 by 174 
 feet; and is built of gray granite. The beautiful front is surmounted by a 
 tower which tapers to a pinnacle 322 feet above the pavement. On the top 
 of this tower is the largest weather-vane in the world, a lake schooner 15 feet 
 
260 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 in length, with rigging in proportion. From the street below it does not 
 appear to be a fifth of this size. Visitors are admitted to the tower, from 
 which a grand bird's eye view of the city and the lake may be obtained. On 
 the first floor are settling rooms, private offices, telegraph offices, etc. Above 
 these is a great Exchange Hall, the dimension of which are 174 by 155 feet. 
 Some idea of the vastness of this room may be obtained from the knowledge 
 that one of the largest five story blocks in the city could be accommodated 
 within it. The interior decorations are elegant. There are two galleries, 
 one for the public and one for invited guests. Admission to the former may 
 be gained within busings hours. From this gallery a perfect view may be 
 had of the operations on the floor, operations which it would be impossible to 
 describe, and impossible for the average visitor to understand. Admis- 
 sion to thp floor is granted only on rare occasions, and by the Secretary of the 
 Board of Trade. The rear portion of the building is given over to offices. 
 
 Financial Condition of the Board. — The report of the Directors of 
 the Board of Trade for 1891 made the following showing: On hand Jan. 6, 
 
 1891, $2,817.80. Received in sundry deposits from the secretary of the Board 
 of Trade, from Jan. 6 to tbe close of the fiscal year, Jan. 4, 1892, inclusive, 
 $255,612.67. Total. $258 330.47. Paid 552 checks drawn by the secretary, 
 amounting to $239,097.55. Leaving a balance of $18,532.92. The report 
 of the board of directors showed the following figures: Receipts, $291, 685. 51; 
 expenditures, $259,538.79. Cash on hand and in hands of the treasurer Jan. 5, 
 
 1892, $32,146.72. 
 
 Builders' and Traders' Exchange. — An organization of builders and 
 dealers in builders' materials. Location of Exchange, 12, 14 and 16, Mo. 159 
 La Salle St. Officers: President W. H. Alsip ; first vice-president, R. Vierl- 
 ing ; second vice-president, A. Gordon ; secretary, James John; treasurer, 
 W. H. Mortimer. 
 
 Chicago American Horse Exchange. — Situated at the southeast corner of 
 Sixteenth and Dearborn sts., facing 151 feet on Sixteenth and 362 feet on 
 Dearborn street. Take State street cable line. 
 
 Chicago Heal Estate Board. — One of the most important and prominent of 
 Chicago's commercial organizations. Organized in 1887. Comprises the 
 leading and responsible real estate dealers of the city. Located in the Real 
 Es'tate Board building, Randolph and Dearborn sts. The Board rooms are 
 made a general headquarters and depository for information pertaining to real 
 estate interests. A carefully arranged record of transfers, council proceed- 
 ings and enactments of the County Board are kept for reference, as well as 
 maps, plats, etc., thereby furnishing facilities for members for learning facts 
 without gjing to various public offices. Besides its function as a conserva- 
 tor of the public weal, th ; Board exerts beneficial influence in matters bearing 
 more directly upon the interests of property owners and agents. A valuation 
 committee of the Board is established whose duty is to value property on 
 request for a small compensation by comparison with the service rendered. 
 Valuations are made without bias for trust companies, investors, mortgagers, 
 and for condemnation or damage purposes, by persons thoroughly competent 
 to make them. As showing the high estimate upon servicesof this committee 
 it is only necessary to say they were called upon to value $4,001,888.60 worth 
 of real estate in 1888. One of the greatest results of this organization, how- 
 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 261 
 
 ever, is the prevention of fraud on the part of dishonest and irresponsible 
 real estate dealers, and the creation of a high-toned sentiment among real 
 estate men. No man of a blemished commercial character can become or 
 remain a member. 
 
 Officers for 1892. — President, E. S. Dreyer; vice-president, G. A. 
 Hensliitw; treasurer, Benjamin A. Fessenden; secretary, C. L. Hammond. 
 
 Executive Committee — J. H. Trumbull (two years), Bruce B. Barney, 
 (VV. W. Baird holding over). 
 
 Membership Committee — F. A. Barnes (two years), C. H. Mulliken, Wm, 
 A. Merigold, H. S. Dietrich, F. M. Elliott, H. W. Christian, R. D. HA1, Car- 
 ter H. Harrison, Jr. "(D. M. Erskine, Jr., holding over). 
 
 Reference Committee — H. A. Haugan (two years), E. S. Hawley, (A. B. 
 Mead holding over). 
 
 Valuation Committee — William A. Bond, George Birkhoff, Jr. (Willis G. 
 Jackson, Joseph Donnersberger, Eugene H. Fishburn holding over). 
 
 Call Bjard Committee — John L. Manning (two years), B, R. DeYoung, 
 James B. Galloway, J. Robson Weddell (Nelson Thomasson holding over). 
 
 Public Service Committee — West Side, Geo. M. Bo^ue (two years), R. L. 
 Martin, Paul O. Stenslajid; South Side, Walter H. Wilson, Frank Riedel ; 
 North Side, William L. Schrader, H. V. Seymour. 
 
 Chicago Stock Exchange. — Located in the Stock Exchange building, Dear- 
 born and Monroe streets. Officers: President, Edward L. Brewster; secretary 
 and chairman, Joseph R. Wilkins; treasurer, John J. Mitchell. Calls at 
 10:30 a. m. and 2:15 p. m. on stocks and bonds. The Chicago Stock Exchange 
 made greater progress in 1890 toward becoming an institution of prime 
 importance in the financial situation of Chicago and the West than it had 
 made in all the previous years of its existence. Trading has been active, and 
 interest in the market has been widespread. The total sales at the Stock 
 Exchange for 1890 were 1,058,074 shares, against 145,725 in 1889, and $18,- 
 268,600 bonds, against $19,029,500 in 1889. As Chicago ranks as the second 
 city in the United States, the immensity of these operations are only second 
 to those of Wall street, and many investors prefer to buy and sell the leading 
 speculative stocks of Chicago in this exchange, as they are surer of finding 
 quotations nearer actual values than if they sent their orders to the East, 
 where the nature of Chicago properties are comparatively unknown. The 
 Exchange building is devoted almost exclusively to the uses of bankers and 
 brokers." The ground floor is occupied exclusively by bankers who have 
 made a specialty of handling securities and documentary loans that represent 
 corporations of great wealth. The arrangement of offices is peculiarly 
 adapted to the quick despatch of business. 
 
 Fruit Buyer*' Association. — A new organization formed by the wholesale 
 fruit dealers of Chicago. Meets at the Produce Exchange. The object of 
 the Association is to regulate the sale of California fruit, "from ten to twenty 
 car-loads of which arrive daily, representing in value from $10,000 to $20.- 
 000. These fruits are disposed of at auction in two rooms. The rule laid 
 down by the association is that each room shall begin the sale of fruits at 
 9:30 in the morning on alternate days, and if the room whose turn it is to 
 commence at 9:30 is not ready, the buyers shall proceed to the other room, 
 when the sale is to commence. When one room has begun a sale, the other 
 must not start in until the first is finished. One object of this rule is to have 
 
262 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 the sales concluded by noon, instead of late in the afternoon, as formeily. 
 Another object is to keep out an objectionable element that crowded the room. 
 The fee for members is $25. The association is incorporated under the State 
 laws. The following are the officers: President, J. F. Chacker,of Chacker 
 Bros.; vice-president, J. D. Raggio, of J. D. Raggio & Co.; secretary, E. E. 
 Connery, with M. Scanlon; treasurer, Samuel Page; trustees, Frank Cuneo, 
 O. S. Edwards, Louis Boitano, S. H. Clapp and William Ostatag. 
 
 Fruit and Vegetable Dealers' Association. — Location of Exchange, 144 S. 
 Water street. A prosperous and important association of merchants in 1 he 
 fruit and vegetable commission trade. Organized 1888. Officers for 1891: 
 President, F. A. Thomas; vice-president, Robert A Burnett; treasurer J. 
 W. Sharp; secretary, Colonel Littler; executive committee, George W. Bar- 
 nett, Charles B. Ayers, Henry A. Ott, Charles Wilmeroth, and F. A. Thomas; 
 arbitration committee, J. W. Sharp, Edwin R. Baker, Richard Kemper, B. 
 V. Emery, L. R. Ermeling, and George S. Sawyer. 
 
 Lumbermen's Association of CJdcago. — This association was formed about 
 April, 1891, from the three existing associations of lumber dealers — the 
 Lumbermen's Exchange, Chicago Lumber Yard Dealers' Association, and 
 the Lumbermen's Association of Chicago. The new association maybe said 
 to be the successor of the Lumbermen's Exchange, the oldest of the associa- 
 tions, incorporated March 31, 1869. The object of the Exchange is to advance 
 the commercial character, and promote the general lumber interests of the 
 City of Chicago and the Northwest, to inculcate just and equitable principles 
 in trade, establish and maintain uniformity in the commercial usages of the 
 city, acquire, preserve and disseminate valuable business information, and 
 avoid and adjust, as far as practicable, the controversies and misunderstand- 
 ings which are apt to arise between individuals engaged in trade when they 
 have no acknowledged rules to guide them. Any person, firm or company, 
 interested or engaged in thelumber trade, approved by the board of directors, 
 mav become a member of the association by signing the rules and regulations 
 and paying the annual dues. Ex-members of the Exchange on retiring from 
 business, may, by vote of the board of directors, be allowed the privileges of 
 the Exchange rooms without fees. The officers are: W. W Scholtz, pres- 
 ident; Geo. E. White, vice-president; E. E. Hooper, secretary; G. P. Soper, 
 treasurer. The Exchange is located at 618 Chamber of Commerce Building. 
 
 The lumber business of Chicago is immense. The figures used in estimat- 
 ing it run away up into the billions. The water frontage used forjinloadins: 
 lumber needs be computed by miles. The cars used to move the Chicago sup- 
 plv to the demand are numbered by thousands. The men engaged in the 
 w^rk would make an army. There are about ten miles of water frontage in 
 Chicago devoted to the lumber business. This frontage is principally on slips, 
 and is mostly located on the south branch of the Chicago river. There is 
 however, a great deal of lumber handled on the lake front. To these large 
 lumber districts must be added the many small yards scattered about the citv. 
 Michigan furnishes about 70 per cent, of the lumber supply, which comes by 
 lake. The other 30 per cent, comes from almost everywhere. California 
 furnishes the redwood. This is principally valuable for its durability when 
 exposed to moisture in tanks, etc. Yellow pine comes from the South. Its 
 principal use is for inside finishing, and the demand is increasing. Poplar 
 comes almost altogether from Indiana and the South, oak from the middle 
 States, walnut from the South, from Indiana, and a little from other localities. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 263 
 
 Other Exchanges. — American Live Stock Association, organized May, 
 1888. Has paid two dividends since then.' 186 per cent, on the capital stock 
 in 1889 and 150 per cent, in 1890. Chicago Coal Exchange, 635, 225 Dear- 
 born; Chicago Anthracite Coal Association, 203, 225 Dearborn; Chicago 
 Flour and Feed Dealers' Association, 907 Royal Insurance Building; 
 Chicago Live Stock Exchange, Union Stock Yards; Chicago Milk 
 Exchange, meets Fridays, 144 S. Water; Chicago Open Board of Trade, 
 Open Board Building, 18-24 Pacific ave.; Chicago Open Board of Trade 
 Clearing House, Open Board of Trade Building; Commercial Exchange, 
 (Wholesale Grocers), 11-34 Wabash ave.; Gravel Roofers' Exchange, 99, 
 159 La Salle; Institute of Building Arts, 63-65 Washington; National 
 Association of Lumber Dealers, 35-92 La Salle; National Butter. 
 Cheese and Egg Association, 144 S. Water; National Producers' and 
 Shippers' Association meets monthly, 144 S. Water; Produce Exchange, 
 144 S. Water, cor. Clark, telephone 5628; Union Stock Yard and Transit 
 Company, S. Halsted, cor. Thirty-ninth. 
 
 DETECTIVE AGENCIES. 
 
 In addition to the city detective force there are established in Chicago a 
 number of private detective agencies, the most responsible of which are the 
 following: 
 
 Bonfield Detective Agency. — Founded by John Bonfield, formerly Inspec- 
 tor of the Chicago Police Department, located at 120, 122 and 124 La Salle 
 street: John Bonfield, Principal; M. L. Bonfield, superintendent. 
 
 Bruce Detective Agency. — Robert Bruce, general superintendent; located at 
 166 Randolph street. 
 
 Hartman Detective Agency . — George A. Hartman, superintendent; located 
 at 128 South Clark street. 
 
 International Detective Agency. — C. A. Wallace, superintendent, 186 S. 
 Clark street. 
 
 Mooney & Boland Detective Agency — This is a stock company, organized 
 under the laws of the State of Illinois. The officers of the Company, all of 
 whom are stockholders, are: James Mooney, president; John Boland, 
 vice-president; William J. Sutherland, sec'y and treas. Mr. Sutherland is also 
 superintendent of the Chicago office, and Emil Sandraeyer ass't superintendent 
 of the new organization. The Moony and Boland Detective Agency ranks 
 among the most reliable and respectable concerns of the kind in the world 
 It has branch offices in nearly every large city in the country. Some of the 
 finest detective work, of a private as well as of a public nature, ever presented 
 here, has been done by this agency, Its connection with the " Boodler Cases" 
 gave it an international reputation. 
 
 Pinkertons' National Detective Agency. — Founded by the late Allan Pinker- 
 ton in 1850. William A. Pinkerton, general superintendent Western Division, 
 191 and 193 Fifth Avenue, Chicago; Robert A. Pinkerton, general supeiiu- 
 tendent Eastern Division, 66 Exchange Place, New York City. D. Robertson, 
 assistant to general superintendent, Chicago; Frank Murray, superintendent of 
 Chicago office; T. G. Conklin, assistant superintendent. Offices at St. Paul, 
 Kansas City, Denver, Portland, Ore., New York, Boston and Philadelphia. 
 This is the original Pinkerton National Detective Agency. 
 
264 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Pinkertons' Protective Pa trol.— Founded by Allan Pinkerton, 1850.— W. 
 A. Pinkerton and Robert A. Pinkerton, principals. Chicago Station-house, 
 191-193 Fifth Avenue, Patrick Foley, captain; J. H.Cleary, 1st lieutenant; 
 George Hay, 2d lieutenant. 
 
 Thiel's Detective Service. — Chicago office, The Temple, corner of La Salle 
 and Monroe. S. H. Tlnel, proprietor; T. E. Lonergan, general agent of 
 Chicago; C. F. Newcome, general manager, St. Louis, C. E. Peterson 
 general assistant manager; G. E. Ives, traveling manager. Offices: St., 
 Louis, Mo., 700 and 702 Olive street, W. E. Giese, manager; Chicago, 111., 
 Stock Exchange building, C. M. French, manager; New York, 82 and 84 
 Nassau street, A. Cunz, manager; Kansas City, Mo., Sixth and Main streets, 
 I. S. Hurst, manager; St. Paul, Minn., German American Bank building, 
 J. H. Mason, manager; Denver, Col., Tabor block, T. F. Williams, manager; 
 Portland, Ore., Labbe's building, M. C. Sullivan, manager. With offices in 
 the principal cities, from the Atlantic and Pacific, each under the direction of 
 skilled and experienced managers; with a large force of operatives, carefully 
 selected from many nationalities and representing nearly every profession and 
 vocation; with means of placing any needed force at any designated point 
 promptly, and with a reputation for good work and fair charges to maintain, 
 not earn, the service is one of the best in the country. 
 
 Union Detective Association .—J '. H. Lobell, superintendent; 125 S. Clark 
 street. 
 
 Veterans' Police Patrol. — John L. Manning, manager; located at 91 S. 
 Clark street. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 The Educational Institutions of Chicago and its suburbs rank among the 
 best in the United States. The new University of Chicago will be, when 
 in full operation, one of the grandest institutions of learning in the world. 
 The Northwestern University of Evanston holds a leading place among the 
 higher colleges of the United States. The various universities, colleges, 
 seminaries, academies, institutes, etc., are referred to below. 
 
 Allen's Academy. — Located at 2125-2253 Calumet ave. A high class pre- 
 paratory school for boys and girls having the sanction and support of such 
 citizens as Lyman J. Gage, H. N. Higinbotbam, E. T. Jeffery, George M. 
 Pullman, Ferd W.Peck, Philip D. Armour, Thomas Dent,Charles B.Farwell, 
 Thomas M. Hoyne, Charles P. Packer, John H. S. Quick, William E. Hale, 
 A. F Seeberger, John V. Far well, S. W. Allerton. Ira Wilder Allen, M. A., 
 LL.D., president, assisted by a large and efficient faculty. Only pupils of good 
 moral character are desired, and each application for admission must bear the 
 favorable endorsement of one or more of the directors or visitors, or satis- 
 factory references to parents of pupils who have been or are now members of 
 the school. The average age of pupils entering Ihe first class of the academic 
 department is about twelve years. To make careful preparation for these 
 academic courses, we have a preparatory department for boys and girls of six 
 or seven to about eleven or twelve years of age. Terms per annum: Prepara- 
 tory department, $100; academic department, first, second and midde classes, 
 $200; academic department, junior and senior classes, $250; resident pupils, 
 

 S orq 
 
 2 < 
 
 r-H H 
 
 o o <T 
 
 3 ^ £ 
 
 * 2 S 
 
 -• C a 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 265 
 
 $560; for day pupils, payable semi-annully in advance, October 1st and Febru- 
 ary 1st; for resident pupils, $300 at entrance September 18th, and $260 Febru- 
 ary 1st. Wlieie two or more pupils are from the same family a reduction is 
 made. 
 
 Chicago Athenmum.—ln the rammer of 1890 this nonored institution, 
 which has been justly called " The People's College," entered upon the most 
 promising period of its history, at the opening of its Twentieth year. At that 
 time the Board of Directors, composed of some of the best known and most 
 influential citizens, with Ferd. W. Peck, Esq., as president, secured a valu- 
 able property 91 x97 feet at 18 to 26 Van Buren St., one of the choicest loca- 
 tions in the city, which has been enlarged to a seven-story building and fitted 
 up in the most attractive style, with all desirable conveniences. The property 
 was purchased for $200,000, besides which $90,000 have been expended in 
 the improvements. Situated in the very heart of the city, close to the Art 
 Iustituie, and in the same grand square on which the Auditorium stands, it is 
 destined to become a recognized educational center, and one , of Chicago's 
 most beneficent Institutions. The Athenaeum entered its new home in March, 
 1891. From the date of its organization in October, 1871, its animating spirit 
 has been philanthropic. Though a private corporation, it has always main- 
 tained the Athenaeum solely for the public good, having been chartered as an 
 institution not for pecuniary profit. The benefits that it has bestowed 
 upon this city can not be overestimated. Open daily throughout the 
 year, and five evenings a week for nine months of the year, with an 
 able corps of twenty-nine teachers and a large list of studies — all elect- 
 ive—young men and women may enter at any time, without examination, 
 and receive the desired instruction at moderate cost- Here everything 
 is done by the superintendent and teachers, not enly to aid the pupils in the 
 special branches that they have chosen but to stimulate a love for learning. Tc 
 this end a well-chosen circulating library of good English literamie is main- 
 tained, containing books of reference in the arts and sciences, and an open 
 reading-room with the daily and weekly papers, magazines and reviews. 
 During the fall and winter lectures on popular science, literatuie and 
 applied art are given. In the same building an assembly hall has been 
 provided, which will give far better facilities for such instructive lec- 
 tures. A room has been specially prepared to receive apparatus and 
 chemicals for the illustration of lectures on natural philosophy and chem- 
 istry. For the past fifteen yearsthe Athenaeum has been closely allied with the 
 Chicago Mechanics' Institute, organized in 1843, of which Geo. C. Prussina;, 
 Esq., is president, and has done all its educational v\oik. The liberal 
 advantages of the Institute are extended to indigent mechanics or their chil- 
 dren, on written application, duly vouched for. Many a worthy young 
 mechanic or citizen has thus secured, through the Athenaeum evening classes, 
 such thorough instruction in mathematics and drawing as to gain for him 
 promotion in his trade, as an intelligent and practical foreman or a master- 
 builder. While the greater importance in this ' ' People's College" is attached to 
 the fundamental branches whose utility is everywhere acknowledged, valu- 
 able service is also rendered to young women who desire to quality them- 
 selves for teachers in the public schools, or to pass the examination 1oi still 
 higher grades, by giving them able instruction in advanced mathematics, 
 physics and the natural science. Here also young men may receive 
 special instructions in science, the classics and French, German or Spanish, to 
 
266 GUIDE TO CHCAGO. 
 
 enable them to enter any college in the land. The new "Atheraeurn 
 Building" is a substantial and commanding edifice constructed of pressed 
 brick and stone. It is 91x97 feet and seven stories high. Special attention 
 here is given to securing abundant light and good ventilation not only by 
 meansofnumerousbroad windows, those in front beingplate glass, but through 
 two large light-wells down through the entire building. A broad entrance and 
 hall with handsome marble pavement and side walls leads to two large electric 
 elevators, the first of this kind introduced into Chicago, by W. E. Hale & Co., 
 and to a broad iron and marble stairway leading to the seventh story. 
 The upper story has been elaborately fitted up with sixteen or eighteen studios 
 for the special accommodation of artists. The fifth and sixth floors are devoted 
 to spacious and beautiful class-rooms, an assembly hall, library and reading- 
 room, the business office and superintendent's private office. Other rooms 
 below are occupied by literary, philanthropic and educational associations. 
 A larger and finer " Athenaeum Hall," with a seating capacity of 400, has 
 been opened on the second floor, and is often used for concerts and lectures. 
 With the exception of the broad entrance hall leading to the elevators, tLe 
 entire first story and basement have been made into the most spacious and 
 fairly-appointed Gymnasium in this city, with a height of 26 feet. The east 
 half is devoted to the gymnasium proper, handsomely frescoed and furnished 
 with the best apparatus that can be obtained. Thirteen feet above the floor 
 is a suspended and well supported running track, 5 feet wide. The ceiling 
 is finished in heavy hard wood panels, and admirably adapted for suspended 
 rings, ladders, climbing ropes, etc. The west half is occupied by a splendid 
 racket alley (or hand ball court), 65x23 feet, with cement walls; a plunge 
 bath lined with English porcelain, 18x28 feet and 7 feet deep; fifteen shower 
 baths and four porcelain tub bath rooms. Along the entire front runs one of 
 the best standard bowling alleys, being partly under the sidewalk and well 
 lighted. Thus generously equipped with apparatus, and with spacious and 
 handsome educational departments, the Chicago Athenaeum is destined to 
 become one of the most attractive institutions for mental and physical culture 
 of any city in the land. The names of the officers and directors of the Chi- 
 cago Athenaeum are a sufficient guarantee of its high standard and useful 
 aims. Ferd. W. Peck, president; Wm. R. Page, first vice-president; Harry 
 G. Selfridge, second vice-president; John Wilkinson, secretary and treasurer; 
 Edward I. Galvin, superintendent in charge. Directors: Henry Booth, 
 Franklin H. Head, Lyman J. Gage, Wm. J. Chalmers, Husrh A. White, Joseph 
 Sears, Ferd. W. Peck, Chas. J. Singer, Wm. R. Page, A. C. Bartlett, J. J. 
 P. Odell, Alex. H. Revell, John Wilkinson, Harry G. Selfridge, H. H. Kohl- 
 saat, Gilbert B Shaw. Under the guidance and government of these public- 
 spirited citizens, this time-honored institution will ever keep in the line of 
 progress, in promoting the interests of practical education. 
 
 Chicago Kitclien- Garden Association. — The Chicago Kitchen-Garden 
 Association began its active labor in May, 1883, when the ladies connected 
 wiih it received Normal instruction from a New York teacher. These ladies, . 
 realizing the important Mission of the Kitchen-Garden, called a general meet-' 
 ing of women, representing many churches of the city, and organized the 
 Association. Curing the first two years the work of the Association was 
 confined to classes in connection with various city missions. A school on 
 Randolph street; one on Ashland avenue and 12th street, the Bethany, the 
 Bethesda and the Central Church Missions, each had a class supported by the 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 267 
 
 Association. In the first year the lady founders taught these classes, but later 
 it was found more profitable to engage a responsible salaried teacher. About 
 the middle of the third year (in (1886), a store on Cly bourn Ave., under the 
 Central Church Mission, was rented, and fully fitted up for a kitchen-garden 
 and cooking school. A classroom, kitchen, dining-room and bedroom were 
 partitioned off and furnished, and at last the Association controlled a place 
 where they could carry out their complete course of instruction. During this 
 year, some of the mission classes were given up, others added, and the first 
 evening cooking classes for working girls were started. The success of this 
 complete course of training at the Cly bourn avenue school, proved by the 
 fact that older pupils taught here easily secured situations at domestic service, 
 inspired the Board of Managers to progress at once to a more advanced 
 branch of this sort of instruction, i. e., to start a training school for servants. 
 For two years, in addition to the work among young girls, the training school 
 was effectually carried on. The Board of Managers was enlarged, other 
 organizations enlisted in their behalf, housekeepers interested, and every 
 effort male to achieve success. Although the Association managed always 
 to raise money enough to defray the enormous cost of such an undertaking, 
 though housekeepers sent their cooks, laundress* s ard housemaids at their 
 own expense for courses of lessons ; though the price of lessons was reduced 
 to the minimum — yet, in Ihe very direction in which every energy was 
 strained to make the work felt, it failed. The servants at large, of their own 
 accord, would not patronize the school. It was an admissic n of incompetence 
 to attend a training school, and if they so humbled their pride, they expected 
 compensation in being able to demand increased wages. Meanwhile the 
 Kitchen-Garden work waited. When the Training School should pay for itself, 
 the Kitchen- Garden department could hope for a larger share of the Associa- 
 tion funds. The existing Kitchen Gardens were pushed on vigorously, but 
 little new work could be added. When, in September, 1889, the sixth year 
 commenced without the incubus of the Training School, the Managers felt 
 th it at last the Kitchen-Garden had a chance to grow. When the Managers 
 should recover from the tremendous pressure under which they had been 
 struggling for two years, they would turn to the Kitchen-Garden with 
 renewed energy. Preparations were made to start a completely equipped 
 school on Wentworth avenue. In March, in reply to an application for per- 
 mission to introduce cooking into one of the city public schools, the Associa- 
 tion received the answer that they might occupy one room of the Huron 
 Street School after school hours ; and now the Kitchen-Garden department 
 felt that they were at last beginning to enjoy the reward of patience. 
 
 The ladies have worked mainly in these three schools. Each year the 
 number of pupils increases. The plan which the Kitchen-Garden Association 
 pursues is as follows : girls over ten years of age are admitted to its classes. 
 Pupils must begin with the Kitchen-Garden, and frequently they go twice 
 through its course that the lessons may be thoroughly learned. Next they 
 are promoted into practice with real rooms and furniture. Finally, when 
 they are proficient in Kitchen-Garden work, and are twelve years old, they 
 learn something about food and its proper use. and are taught simple cooking 
 and every day economies. A c >mparison of the work of 1890 and 189 L with 
 1889 and 90 shows : At Clybourn avenne in 1890, there were nine classes ad 
 165 children ; 1891, twelve classes, 244 children. At Huron street, in 1890, 
 there were seven classes, 112 pupils; in 1891, five classes, 75 pupils. At 
 Wentworth avenue, 1890, there were six classes, 133 pupils; in 1891, six 
 
268 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 classes, sixty-seven pupils. Total number of classes, 1890, twenty-two ; i2 
 1891, twenty-three ; pupils, 1890, 410 ; 1891, 386. In addition to the children 
 is the class of young women which numbered sixteen, making a total of 40n 
 pupils. The receipts for the year ending May 15, 1891, were $5,063 ; the 
 disbursements, $4,897. The officers are : President, Mrs. Henry Ives Cobb, 
 390 Ontario street ; first vice-president, Mrs. J. R. Owen, 1902 Michigan 
 avenue ; second vice-president. Mrs. Victor F Lawsou, 317 La Salle avenue ; 
 third vice-president, Mrs H. H. Porter, 311 Erie street ; recording secretary. 
 Mrs. C. G. Carleton, 378 Erie street ; corresponding secretary, Miss E. W, 
 Towner, 113 Cass street ; treasurer, Mrs. P. D. Johnston, 11 Scott street. 
 
 Chicago Manual Training School. — Located at Michigan ave. and Twelfth 
 st. Take State st. cable line. Founded by the Commercial Club of Chicago, 
 and its history dates from the regular monthly meeting of that club held, 
 March 25, 1882, at which time the necessary funds were subscribed, and a 
 committee appointed to propose a plan for the organization of the school. 
 The Chicago Manual Training Association was incorporated under the laws 
 of the State of Illinois, April 19, 1883, and the control of the school was vested 
 in a Board of Trustees, nine in number, elected by the Association. The lot 
 on which the building stands was purchased March 28, 1883; the corner-stone 
 was laid with appropriate ceremonies September 24, 1883, and the regular 
 school exercises began February 4, 1884. The Junior class, only was organ- 
 ized at that time, and consisted of seventy-two pupils, all thatcou^d be accom- 
 modated. The dedicatory exercises were held June 19, 1884. The Middle 
 class was organized September 1, 1884; the Senior class September 7, 1885. 
 The first class was graduated June 24, 1886. In September, 1886, the capacity 
 of the school was increased, and a Junior class numbering ninety-six was 
 admitted. The object of the school is clearly stated in the Articles of Incor- 
 poration, as follows: " Instruction and practice in the use of tools, with suc- 
 instruction as may be deemed necessary in mathematics, drawing and English 
 branches of a high school course. The tool instruction as at present con- 
 templated shall include carpentry, wood-turning, pattern-making, iron chip 
 ping and filing, forge work, brazing and soldering, the use of machine shop 
 tools, and such other instruction of a similar character as may be deemed 
 advisable to add to the foregoing from time to time, it being the intention to 
 divide the working hours of the students, as nearly as possible, equally 
 between manual and mental exercises. The Board of Trustees consists of 
 E. W. Blatchford, president; John M. Clark, vice-president ; Marshall Field, 
 treasurer; William M. Fuller, secretary; John W. Doane, Christopher Hotz, 
 Edson Keith, H. H. Porter, George M. Pullman. The teachers are: Henry H. 
 Belfield, Ph. D., director; William R. Wickes, Harlow W.Eaton, physics and 
 history; Charles E. Boynton, chemistry and physiology; Honta Smalley, 
 Latio; Earl B. Ferson, drawing; Frederick Newton Williams, drawing; G. 
 Willis Ritchey, woodwork; J. W. Raymond, Jr., foundry and forge; S. J. 
 Townsend, algebra; C. E. Depuy, machinist; Miss Clara E. Beefield, French 
 teacher and secretary. 
 
 Junior Year— 1. Mathematics— Algebra; Geometry. 2. Science— Physi- 
 ology. 3. Language— English Language and Literature; or Latin. 4. 
 Drawing— Freehand Model and Object; rrojeciion; Machine; Perspective. 
 5. Shopuoork — Carpentry, Joinery, Wood-Turning, Pattern-Making, Proper 
 Care and Use of Tools, 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 269 
 
 Middle Year— 1. Mathematics — Geometry ; Plane Trigonometry. 2. 
 Science — Physics. 3. Language — General History and English Literature, or 
 Latin. 4. Drawing— Orthographic Projection and Shadows ; Line and 
 Brush Shading ; Isometric Projection and Shadows ; Details of Machinery ; 
 Machines from Measurement. 5. Skopwork — Molding, Casting ; Forging, 
 Welding, Tempering; Soldering, Brazing. 
 
 Senior Year — 1. Mathematics — Mechanics ; Book-keeping. 2. Science 
 — Chemistry and Physical Geography, or Descriptive Geometry and Higher 
 Algebra. 3. Language, Etc. — Eaglish Literature, Civil Government, Politi- 
 cal Economy, or Latin or French. 4. Drawing — Machines from Measure- 
 ment ; Building from Measurement ; Architectural Perspective. 5. Machine 
 Shopwork — Chipping, Filing, Fitting, Turning, Drilling, Planing, Etc. 
 Study of Machinery ; Management aud care of Steam Engines and Boilers. 
 
 Candidates for admission to the Junior year must be at least fourteen 
 years of age, and must pass a satisfactory examination in Reading, Spelling, 
 Writing, Geography, English Composition, Arithmetic, and History of the 
 United 3tates. Boys who have completed a grammar school course should 
 have no difficulty in passing the examination for admission. A certificate of 
 the completion of the first year's course in a reputable hi^h school is accepted 
 in lieu of examination. No boy will be admitted without a certificate of 
 good moral character from some responsible person ; and no pupil will be 
 retained who is an impediment to the progress, or an injury to the morals, of 
 his classmates. The school year is divided into two terms of twenty weeks 
 each, and begins on the First Monday of September. Tuition, payable by 
 the term, is as follows : 
 
 Junior Year, per term, $40.00. Per year, $ 80.00 
 Middle Year, " 50.00. " 100 00 
 
 Senior Year, " 60.00. «' 120.00 
 
 To secure or retain a seat, tuition must be paid, or arrangements satisfac- 
 tory to the Director made, not later than the first week of each term. A 
 deposit of $5 is made by every pupil as an offset against possible damage to 
 tools, apparatus, etc. This deposit is returned, less assessments, if any, 
 when the pupil leaves school. Pupils furnish their own books, drawing 
 instruments and material, aprons, overalls and pocket tools. Shop tools and 
 material are provided by the school. The school does not furnish board or 
 lodging, which may be obtained in the city or suburbs for $5 to $6 per week. 
 The Director will assist non-resident pupils in obtaining homes. The cost of 
 books is, for Junior Year, about $5 ; for Middle and Senior Years, about $6 
 each. Drawing material and drawing instruments cost about $15 for the 
 Junior Year ; about $5 for Middle and Senior Years, each. The founders of 
 the school desire that its advantages may be enjoyed by boys who, by reason 
 of age, scholarship mechanical aptitude and good moral character, are fitted 
 to enter the school, but who, from lack of means, hesitate to apply for 
 admission. Provision has been made for the payment of the tuition of a 
 limited number of such deserving boys, whose parents are invited to consult 
 with the Director. School hours are from 9 a. m. to 3:30 p. m., with inter- 
 mission of thirty minutes from 1 o'clock. A warm lunch is provided at rea- 
 sonable rates for those who desire it. 
 
 Chicago Theological Seminary, situated on Union Park and Ashland 
 boulevard, in the West Division of the city. 
 
270 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 The Chicago Theological Seminary was organized on the twenty-seventh 
 of September, 1854, by delegates from the Congregational churches in Michi- 
 gan, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin and Missouri, was incorporated by 
 the State of Illinois on the fifteenth of February, 1855, and began its work 
 on the sixth of October, 1858. It has been from the first under the control 
 of the churches of the Northwest, which, through the Triennial Convention, 
 elect the directors. In this manner the Seminary is kept in close relation 
 with the churches of its constituency. The Special Course, designed for 
 men who have not had a classical training, but who have gifts justifying 
 them in preparing for the ministry, was authorized by the original conven- 
 tion, and a professor was appointed for it in 1869. The Foreign Departments, 
 established to meet manifest and growing needs, were opened as follows: 
 the German in 1882, the Dano-Norwegian in 1884 and the Swedish in 1885. 
 The German Department is inclose connection with the German Seminary at 
 Crete, Neb., and receives students from it year by year. The Swedish De- 
 partment has the approval of many of the Swedish churches in this country, 
 both among those which are independent and those which belong to the 
 "Forbundet." The Dano-Norwegian Department has no ecclesiastical con- 
 neclioDS. It originated in the suggestion of a banker in Chicago, a Norwe- 
 gian by birth, who has rendered it pecuniary aid. 
 
 The Faculty. — Rev. Franklin Woodbury Fisk, D.D., LL. D., president, 
 and Wisconsin professor of sacred rhetoric, residence, 532 West Adams 
 street; Rev. George Nye Boardman, D. D., LL. D., Illinois professor of 
 systematic theology, residence, 641 Washington boulevard ; Rev. Samuel 
 Ives Curtiss, Ph. D., D. D., New England professor of Old Testament litera- 
 ture and interpretation and librarian, residence, 395 West Monroe street ; 
 Rev. Giles Buckingham Willcox, D. D., stone professor of pastoral theology 
 and special studies, residence, 512 Washington boulevard ; Rev. Hugh Mac- 
 donald Scott, D. D,, Sweetser and Michigan professor of ecclesiastical his- 
 tory, residence, 520 West Adams street ; Rev. George Holley Gilbert, Ph. D., 
 Iowa professor of New Testament literature and interpretation, residence, 536 
 Washington boulevard ; Joseph Rix Jones Anthony, instructor in elocution 
 on the J. W. Scoville endowment, address 81 Ashland boulevard ; Rev. 
 Edward Thomson Harper, Ph. D., instructor in the department of Old Tes- 
 tament literature and interpretation, residence 465 Washington boulevard ; 
 Rev. Caleb Frank Gates, instructor in the use of the English Bible and meth- 
 ods of Christian work, residence 465 Washington boulevard ; Rev. John 
 Edward Hermann, Ph. D., instructor in the German department, study, 45 
 Waeren avenue ; Rev. Reinert August Jernberg, B. A., B. D., instructor in 
 the Dano-Norwegian department, residence 734 Washington boulevard ; 
 Rev. Otto Christopher Grauer, instructor in the Dano-Norwegian depart- 
 ment, residence 478 North Robey street ; Rev. Fridolf Risberg, S. M. C, 
 instructor in the Swedish department, residence, 26 Ogden avenue; Rev. 
 Magnus Egidius Peterson, instructor in the Swedish department, residence, 
 50 Walnut street ; Rev. Marcus Whitman Montgomery, B. D., instructor in 
 English in the Scandinavian departments, residence, 62 Park avenue ; Rev. 
 Charles Truman Wyckoff, B. D., instructor in sacred music. 
 
 Dormitory Buildings. — Fisk Hall, erected in 1889-90, was opened for 
 occupancy in 1891. On the first floor are four large lecture rooms, profes- 
 sors' studies, rooms for the president, secretary, and treasurer, a reception 
 room and a pirlor. In the basement are bath-rooms, and in the fifth story 
 is a gymnasium. The second, third and fourth floors contain ninety-seven 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 271 
 
 suites of rooms for students, viz.: thirty-seven suites consisting each of a 
 study and two bedrooms for two students, and sixty consisting each of a 
 study and a bedroom for one student, — in all providing accommodations for 
 134 students. These suites of rooms, finished in hardwood, are furnished 
 throughout in a uniform manner, with new, substantial and abundant furni- 
 ture, including bedclothes and towels, and everything needed to render them 
 comfortable and pleasant. These rooms, as also the other parts of the build- 
 ing, are heated by hot water and lighted by gas, This building is occupied 
 by students of the Regular and English courses. 
 
 Keyes Hall contains, in addition to three lecture rooms, nineteen suits of 
 rooms providing accommodations for thirty-eight students. 
 
 Carpenter Hall, besides Carpenter Chapel, and two lecture rooms, con- 
 tains nineteen suites of rooms for thirty-eight students. The rooms of these 
 two buildings are furnished throughout with all needed furniture. 
 
 The Hammond Library contains 11.000 volumes, and is increased by the 
 addition of all valuable theological works as they appear. 
 
 The library contains some rare and valuable special collections— one on 
 Egyptology, the gift of Rev. E. M. Williams, and one on the Rise of Con- 
 gregationalism, the gift of the Rev. F. W. Gunsaulus, D. D. The students 
 have easy access also to the large public libraries of Chicago. The reading-room 
 is supplied with the leading American and European reviews and religious 
 papers. It is open daily from 8 a. m. to 9 p. m. 
 
 directors, of which the officers are: President, E. W. Blatchford; vice-presi- 
 dent, C. F. Gates; secretary, Rev. G. S. F. Savage. 
 
 The Faculty, Etc. — The following is the faculty: Rev. Franklin Wood- 
 bury Fisk, D. D., LL. D.. president and Wisconsin professor of sacred 
 rhetoric. Rev. George Nye Boardman, D. D., LL. D., Illinois professor of 
 systematic theology. Rev. Samuel Ives Curtiss, Ph. D., D. D., New Eng 
 land professor of Old Testament literature and interpretation and librarian 
 Rev. Giles Buckingham Wilcox, D. D., Stone professor of pastoral theology 
 and special studies. Rev. Hugh Macdonald Scott, D. D., Sweetser and 
 Michigan professor of ecclesiastical history. Rev. George Holley Gilbert, 
 Ph. D., Iowa professor of New Testament literature and interpretation. 
 Rev. Gustav Adolph Zimmermann, Ph. D., instructor in the German depart- 
 ment. Rev. Peter Christian Trandberg, instructor in the Dano-Norwegian 
 department. Rev. Fridolf Risberg, S. M. C, instructor in the Swedish de- 
 partment. Rev. David Nyvall, M. Ph. C, instructor in the Swedish 
 department. J. R.J. Anthony, instructor in elocution on the J. W. Scoville 
 endowment. Rev. Reinert August Jernberg, B. A., B. D., instructor in 
 English in the Scandinavian departments. In addition to its other advantages 
 the seminary has a library containing 9,400 volumes, furnishing adequate 
 reference material for students The library is open eight hours each day, 
 and the reading room attached to it is supplied with the leading American 
 and European reviews and religious papers. Recently a handsome dormi- 
 tory has been added to the seminary. It was formerly opened at the close of 
 1890. The new building is 125 feet by 150. The front portion is five stories 
 and the rear portion four stories in height. The lower story contains four 
 lecture rooms, parlor, reception room, offices and studies for professors. 
 The upper stories are used entirely for a dormitory, and have accommoda- 
 tions for 134 students. The main building faces Ashland ave., and there is 
 a wing on Warren ave. and one in the rear. The total cost of the buildirg 
 was $110,000. 
 
272 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Be La Salle Institute.— Opened for the reception of pupils September 7, 
 1891 ; located northeast corner Wabash ave. and Thirty -fifth st. In charge of 
 the Roman Catholic Order of Christian Brothers. Pupils of all creeds are 
 admitted. The ground plan of the building is quadrangular in outline and 
 has a total frontage of 259 feet. The building is constructed of pressed brick, 
 with Portland stone facing. The entrance is on Wabash ave. The ground 
 floor is apportioned into play-rooms and halls for gymnastic exercises. The 
 first, second and third floors are devoted to recitation halls, class-rooms and 
 the like. 
 
 The curriculum of studies comprises commercial, scientific and classical 
 courses, with all the branches that usually belong to these departments in the 
 best American high schools. It includes religious instruction, arithmetic, 
 reading and elocution, penmanship, composition and grammar, English 
 literature, rhetoric, history and geography, mensuration, natural philosophy, 
 algebra, geometry, trigonometry, surveying and navigation, book-keeping, 
 telegraphy, stenography, type- writing, commercial law, commercial cor- 
 respondence, Latin, Greek, German and French. 
 
 Brother Adjutor and twelve associates opened their first school in this 
 city in 1878 at St. Patrick's Church, on Desplaines street. The remarkable 
 success of that institution and the success with which its graduates met in 
 their battle through life was highly gratifying to the Christian Brothers. _ In 
 1888 Brother Adjutor conceived the idea of erecting a magnificent building. 
 He made known his desires, and many leading citizens, some of whom were 
 adherents of a different faith than his, came to his assistance with contribu- 
 tions. The corner-stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies by Archbishop 
 Feehan on Sunday, May 19, 1889. Father Dorney delivered the address. A 
 bazaar held at the institution in the latter part of May, 1891, netted a large 
 sum, which was applied to the cost of the building. 
 
 Hyde Park Conservatory. — A high-class musical and dramatic art school; 
 location Fifty-third street and Lake avenue (Hyde Park). The courses of 
 study generally followed in first-class conservatories are observed here. 
 Instruction on all modern musical instruments is given, as well as in elocution 
 and stage business. Geo. W. Kelsey, director. 
 
 Illinois Military Academy. — Located at Morgan Park, a suburb of the city, 
 situated on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad, thirteen miles from 
 the City Hall. Take train at Van Buren Street depot, Van Buren and Sher- 
 man streets. A boarding-school for young men, conducted on the West Point 
 plan. The students are known as cadets and are uniformed. The course of 
 instruction is thorough, and at the same time the physical powers are devel- 
 oped by the exercises and drills for which the Academy is noted. Thouph 
 it is a boarding-school, residents of the town can enjoy all its advantages and 
 still have their sons board at home. The school building cost $40,000 and is 
 situated on the hill and surrounded by a drill-ground of fifteen acres. 
 
 Josephinum, The. — Situated at Oakley avenue and Thompson street, in 
 the northwestern section of the city. The institution is under the pastoral 
 supervision of Father Thiele, of St. Aloysius Church , and under the immediate 
 charge of Sister Superior Edward and the Sisters of Christian Charity, and is 
 for the instruction of young women. The course of study admits of the 
 ordinary academic branches, together with a thorough course in practical 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 273 
 
 housekeeping. The latter course is a new venture in the field of instruction 
 and will be the principal feature of the school. Those attending will Dot 
 only receive a thorough intellectual and Christian training, but they will also 
 master the culinary science. The Josephinum is a beautiful structure and is 
 surrounded by a broad expanse of prairie. The building and grounds cost 
 $ 100,000. There are accommodations for about seventy-five boarders and two 
 hundred day pupils. 
 
 Kenwood Institute for Young Ladies. — Located at "Kenwood." Take 
 Illinois Central train, foot of Randolph or Van Buren sts., or Cottage Grove 
 ave. cable cars. The Institute is located on Lake ave. and Fiftieth St., and is 
 in charge of Mrs. Helen E. Starrett, an accomplished woman and a writer of 
 some celebrity. Ic was founded by Mrs. Kennicott, wife of Dr. Kennicott, 
 in 1866, and has been a fashionable boarding-school for young ladies for 
 several years. [See " Kenwood."] 
 
 Lake Forest University. — Located at Lake Forest, a suburb of Chicago, 
 situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North-Western railway, 
 twenty-eight miles from the city, on the north shore of Lake Michigan. 
 Take train at Wells Street depot, Wells and Kinzie sts., North Side. In 1853 
 several prominent presbyterians of Chicago, feeling the need of an institu- 
 tion where young men might be trained for the ministry, decided upon the 
 establishment of a college. There was nothing of the kind nearer than Lane 
 Seminary at Cincinnati, and the want seemed to be an imperative one. The 
 scheme was carried through by the Rev. R. W. Patterson, D. D., and Charles 
 H. Quinlan, M. D., both residing at present at Evunston. A committee to 
 look for a site had their attention directed to the present location by the Rev. 
 Ira M. Weed, of Waukegan, who had been attracted by the beautiful situa- 
 tion in a noble forest, 150 feet above Lake Michigan, intersected by deep 
 ravines. 
 
 An association, known as the Lake Forest Association, was formed in 
 1856, $50,000 was subscribed, and 1,300 acres of land was purchased. Half 
 of this, in alternate lots, was in 1859 deeded to the University which had 
 been chartered by the Legislature, February 13, 1857. An Academy was 
 begun in the winter of 1858, and continues to day in a flourishing condition. 
 In 1869 Ferry Hall Seminary for young ladies was opened, and in 1876 the 
 college began with its first class. 
 
 The Academy is one of the finest classical schools in the West, and its 
 graduates are fitted for Harvard and Yale as well as for the home college. 
 Its courses, classical and scientific, cover four years. The Ferry Hall Semin- 
 ary, in a building, which with its thorough equipment, has cost $115,000, furn- 
 ishes an education for young women who do not care to attend college, 
 graduating them as Bachelor of Letters at a point of attainment where if 
 desired they can enter a sophomore class. Especial attention is given to 
 physical culture. A gymnasium has been fitted up with every variety of 
 mechanical appliances for physical training. A competent instructor is in 
 charge and all are required to take gymnastic exercise. In short, at Ferry 
 Hall the pupils can have all the advantages of a home and of a first-class 
 seminary. 
 
274 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 It was not till 1878 that the college eotered upon its era of prosperity. 
 Then the college hall was built at a cost of $30,000, and the college opened 
 with a faculty of seven and fifty students. In 1886 Dr. Roberts was called 
 to the presidency, and it is through his management that the collegeis coming 
 to be recognized at home and abroad. Arnong other things he has raised 
 $700,000 for the college and has caused new blood to be infused into the fac- 
 ulty as well as into the board of trustees. During his presidency, also, the 
 University has become a reality. Rush Medical College becoming a depart- 
 ment in 1887, the Chicago College of Dental Surgery in 1890, and the Chicago 
 College of Law in 1889, so that to-day the associate schools number 1,500 
 students. In 1891 the finest gymnasium in the West was put up at a cost of 
 $30,000, and its fine equipment makes it one of the most attractive features of 
 the University. Nearly completed is the Durand Art Building, a handsome 
 structure of red sandstone, three stories high. • The cost has been $60,000 
 given by Mr. and Mrs. H. C. Durand, of Lake Forest. This building will 
 contain an art gallery, a biological laboratorv, and the college auditorium to 
 seat 600. 
 
 The University has in use to day for school purposes twelve buildings 
 at Lake Forest, valued at $310,000, on 65 acres of inalienable parks worth 
 $85,000. It owns in addition forty acres of salable town lots worth $25,000. 
 The interest-bearing endowment funds amount to $600,000, in addition to 
 which there is $65,000 in scholarship funds. 
 
 The College faculty number fifteen, that of the Academy seven and that 
 of Ferry Hall fifteen. There are 113 students in the college, and 267 in the 
 other two schools. 
 
 Lewis Institute. — The late Allen C. Lewis left a bequest in the nature of 
 a fund to be used in the establishment of a technical school of the highest 
 order. The buildings of the Institute are to be erected on the property at 
 Van Buren and Morgan streets, West Side. The property is 165x201 feet, 
 the longer frontage being on Van Buren street. Title goes from O. W. Bar- 
 rett to James Adsit, Hugh A. White, and Henry F. Lewis, trustees of the 
 Lewis estate. The consideration is about $100,000. Thefund now amounts 
 to more than $1,000,000, to be expended, if Mr. Lewis' wishes are followed, 
 about as follows: Two hundred and fifty thousand for land and buildings, 
 $50,000 for books and apparatus, and $500,000 for a sustaining fund. Now 
 that the fund has swollen to greater proportions by one-third than Mr. Lewis 
 had anticipated, the project is in even better shape than he thought it would 
 be at the time fixed by him. This was 1885, as Mr. Lewis directed that the 
 fund should be allowed to increase until that date, or until it reached $800,- 
 000. While no plans hfive yet been drawn it is known lhat the building, to 
 be a structure of few stories, will coverall the ground. The Institute will be 
 patterned in a general way after the Girard College, or the Massachusetts 
 Institute of Technology. As Mr. Lewis wished the Institute to include 
 reading-rooms, courses of lectures, and day and night schools for young 
 men and women, these features will undoubtedly be incorporated in the 
 project. 
 
 McCormick Theological Seminary. — Located on North Halsted street, 
 between Belden and Fullerton avenues, North Side ; take Lincoln avenue 
 cars, North Side cable line. This widely known and successful school of 
 sacred learning, organized by the Presbyterian Church for the distinct purpose 
 of training young men to preach the Gospel, was permanently established at 
 Chicago in the year 1859, in consideration mainly of a donation of one hun- 
 

 THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 275 
 
 dred thousand dollars, made to the General Assembly of that year by the late 
 Cyrus H. McCormick, on con.di.tion of Chicago's being chosen as the loca- 
 tion. Prior to this date, however, the institution had passed through an 
 important history connecting it with two other localities and extending as far 
 back as the year 1830. It was first organized at Hanover, Indiana, in 1830, as a 
 department of the Hanover College, where it was taught lor ten years, under 
 the instruction of Rev. John Matthews, D. D-, and others, during which time 
 forty five students were educated for the ministry. In 1840 this Theological 
 Department was removed by the Synods in charge of it, and re-established as 
 a separate theological seminary at New Albany, Indiana, with the title of 
 the "New Albany Theological Seminary," and at this place it continued for 
 seventeen years, under the instruction of Dr. Matthews and Dr. James Wood 
 till the death of the former, and then under Drs. MacMaster, Stewart, 
 Thomas and Lindsley. During this second period 147 students were edu- 
 cated. In 1859, by the concurrent action of its Board of Directors, and of the 
 seven Northwestern Synods then controlling the seminary at New Albany, 
 the school was transferred to the General Assembly of the whole Church. 
 The Assembly having received Mr. McCormick's offer, fixed upon Chicago as 
 the most fitting place for the " Seminary of the Northwest," and at once 
 appointed a new Board of Directors and a new faculty to open the school at 
 Chicago, under that wider designation. The professors, appointed by the 
 Assembly, Drs. N. L. Rice, Willis Lord, L. J. Halsey and W. M. Scott, were 
 inaugurated in October, 1859, and with fifteen students in attendance, this 
 much traveled institution entered upon its third and now more hopeful term 
 of service. About the time of this opening the broad and beautiful grounds 
 on which the seminary buildings now stand'were donated to the institution by 
 four public-spirited citizens of Chicago — -twenty acres by Messrs. William B. 
 Ogden and Joseph E. Sheffield, and five acres by Messrs. William Sill and 
 Michael Diversey. At the date of the gift, this grourd was valued at one 
 thousand dollars per acre. Now it is probably worth fifteen or twenty times 
 as much. The first building on the grounds, now known as the " Ewing 
 Hall," was erected in 1863, and contains thirty-five rooms for students, a 
 reading room and a refectory . The second building was erected in 1875, con- 
 taining chapel, library and two lecture rooms. The third, McCormick Hall, 
 was erected in 1884, containing fifty-one suites of rooms for students, a parlor 
 and a faculty office. The fourth public building, Fowler Hall, was erected 
 in 1887, and contains sixty-one suites of rooms for students, and two lecture 
 ronms. Besides these, five houses for professors have been erected since 
 1882. 
 
 Buildings. — This fine group of educational buildings, all of brick and 
 stone, and all artistically arranged on a spacious campus of grass plots, trees 
 and graveled walks, constitutes an attractive feature to the eye of the visitor, 
 and makes the seminary an ornament to the city. Both in its outward adorn- 
 ments and in the completeness of all its internal arrangements, this seminary 
 is probably not excelled by any similar institution in our country. These 
 four public edifices, including the five residences of the professors, represent 
 an outlay of $315,000, of which $285,000 were contributed by Mr. Cyrus H. 
 McCormick and his family. But in addition to this large outlay on buildings, 
 Mr. McCormick, prior to his death, which occurred in 1884, had also, in addi- 
 tion to his original gift, contributed to the endowment funds of the seminary 
 the sum of seventy-five thousand dollars. And after his death, his son, 
 Cyrus H. McCormick, Jr., and Mrs. McCormick followed up these great 
 
276 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 gifts, in 1885, with the further munificent donation of one hundred thousand 
 dollars. In consideration of a liberality so long continued and so unusual, the 
 Board of Directors and the Board of Trustees of the Seminary took concurrent 
 action in 1886, asking the General Assembly to so amend the constitution of 
 the Seminary as to change the name of the institution from its old title of 
 " Ttieological Seminary of the Northwest " to that of 'The McCormick Theo- 
 logical Seminary of the Presbyterian Church." This measure, adopted by a 
 unanimous vote in the two Seminary Boards, was also adopted in the Gen- 
 eral Assembly of 1886 by a vote almost unanimous. 
 
 Library. — The library of the Seminary contains about 10,000 volumes, 
 mostly of standard theological works. With the ample accommodations in 
 the way of buildings and the increased facilities for study secured during the 
 last five or six years, the number of students in attendance has had a large and 
 steady increase. From less than fifty, the roll of the three classes has gone 
 up with each year until it reaches one hundred and ninety-six, the number 
 now in the institution. The present faculty consists of eight instuetors, all 
 of whom except one have been inducted into their chairs since 1880; and the 
 large increase of students is no doubt largely due to the new life and vigor 
 which they have infused into their work. The present teaching force of the 
 institution is as follows: 
 
 Faculty. — Rev. LeRoy J. Halsey, D. D., LL.D., Professor Emeritus of 
 Church Government and the Sacraments; Rev. Willis G. Craig, D.D., LL. D., 
 Cyrus H. McCormick. Professor of Didactic and Polemic Theology; Rev. 
 David C. Marquis, D. D., Professor of New Testament Literature aud 
 Exegesis; Rev. Herrick Johnson, D. D., LL.D., Professor of Sacred Rhetoiic 
 
 and Pastoral Theology; Professor of Old Testament Literature 
 
 and Exegesis; Rev. John DeWitt, D. D., LL.D., Professor of Apologetics and 
 Missions; Rev. Andrew C. Zeuos, D. D., Professor of Biblical and Ecclesi- 
 astical History; Rev. Augustus S. Carrier, Adjunct Professor of Biblical 
 Philology. 
 
 Tuition Charges. — This Seminary charges students no fee whatever — 
 tuition, use of Library and of furnished rooms being entirely free. Con- 
 venient day board may be obtained at from $o„00 to ^3.50 per week. Wash- 
 ing 60 cents per dozen. The charge to each student Cot steam heat is $12. 00, 
 and for gas $4.00. Deserving students, whoce circumstances require it, 
 receive aid to a limited extent from the scholarships of the Seminary andfrom 
 special funds contributed for this purpose. Students needing aid should 
 apply first to the Board of Education through their Presbyteries. If the 
 Board's Scholarship should prove insufficient an additional sum will be 
 granted from the scholarship funds of the Seminary. But the aggregate 
 amount received from both sources shall not exceed $200.00. The session 
 for study is seven months. This leaves a continuous vacation of five months, 
 during which period, students have no difficulty in finding useful and remu- 
 nerative employment in Mission work. Stated preaching, during the term, 
 is forbidden by the rules of the Faculty, and occasional preaching must not 
 interfere with required Seminary work. 
 
 Students Admitted. — This institution is open to students of all denom- 
 inations of Christians. Its object is the thorough training of young men for 
 the ministry of the Gospel. The requisites of admission are a consistent 
 Christian profession in connection with some Evangelical Church, and a reg- 
 ular course of collegiate study. Where a full collegiate course has not been 
 
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 o r 
 
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 efl i— i 
 
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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 2?7 
 
 pursued, a special recommendation is required from the Presbytery. Each 
 student should bring a letter of church standing from his Pastor or Session, 
 and also his College Diploma or other testimonial of scholarship. When 
 students come from other Theological Seminaries, they must bring evidence 
 of an honorable dismission. Testimonials should be furnished on applying 
 for admission. 
 
 Morgan Park Female Seminary. — Located at Morgan Park, a suburb of 
 Chicago, situated on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad, thirteen 
 miles from the Court-house. Take train at Van Buren Street depot, Van 
 Buren and Sherman sts. This institution was formerly known as the 
 Chicago Female Seminary. It is located opposite the "Illinois Military 
 Academy in a natural grove, and cost $30,000. Dr. Gilbert Thayer, its presi- 
 dent, has so looked after the welfare of those committed to his charge that 
 each year the institution has grown and improved till it now ranks with the 
 best in the country. Besides pupils from Cook county and Illinois, there are 
 numbers from other States. 
 
 Morgan Park Theological Seminary. — Located at Morgan Park, a suburb 
 of Chicago, on the line of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad, thir- 
 teen miles from the city. Take train at Van Buren Street depot, Van Buren 
 and Sherman sts. The Baptist Theological Union founded the Seminary 
 here in 1877, having been granted a tract of live acres by the citizens. Imme- 
 diately a $30,000 building was erected. Within the last two years there have 
 been added a spacious library, costing $15,000, and well stocked with a collec- 
 tion of 35,000 volumes. Blake Hall, a beautiful structure, containingthe chapel, 
 professors' rooms and recitation rooms, has also lately been added at a cost of 
 $35,000. The seminary is benevolent in its character and the largestinstitution 
 of its kind in the United States. The course of study is three years, which 
 is free to the students. All it costs them is living expenses, which by 
 system is reduced to minimum. The course of study is most thorough, 
 and the college offers unexcelled facilities for research into biblical literature, 
 church history, homiletics and systematic theology. The graduates of 
 Morgan Park Theological Seminary are to-day filling many of the best pulpits 
 in the land. It has a Dano-Norwegian department and a Swedish depart- 
 ment, and now many of the regular students are from foreign countries. 
 The faculty contains such names as George W. Northrup. D. D., LL. D., 
 president; James R. Boise, D. D., LL. D.;B. Hulburt, D. D. The latter 
 was a short time ago offered the presidency of Colgate University, formerly 
 Madison University, of Hamilton, N. Y., but refused, that he might continue 
 his life-work begun at Morgan Park. [SeeUuiversity of Chicago.] 
 
 Northwestern Oratorical League. — The leading universities of the North- 
 west have combined to form the Northwestern Oratorical League, providing 
 for an annual contest, to be held at each college in rotation the first Friday in 
 May. These colleges are the Northwestern University, of Evanston; Mich- 
 igan University, of Ann Arbor; Oberlin, Ohio; and Wisconsin State Uni- 
 versity, of Madison, Wis. An executive committee, consisting of president, 
 secretary and treasurer of the league has charge of the business details. They 
 also are empowered to select the six judges of contest, three of whom grade 
 composition and thoughts, and three judge the delivery. In addition to 
 specifying an impartial selection of judges, each college association may 
 remove two on protest. The prizes are of $100 and $50 each . 
 
 The method of selecting contestants is left to the decision of each college 
 association. At Northwestern the contestants will probably be selected from 
 the junior and senior classes by a series of preliminary contests. 
 
278 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Northwestern University. — An institution under the control of the Meth- 
 odist Episcopal church, but entirely unsectarian in its government and admin- 
 istration, was chartered January 28, 1851. The seat of the college of liberal 
 arts, the academic department, and the college of music, oratory and theol- 
 ogy is at Evanston, a village of 10,000 inhabitants, twelve miles north of 
 Chicago, on the shore of Lake Michigan. Take Northwestern train (Mil- 
 waukee division) at Wells Street depot, Wells and Kinzie sts., or Chicago, 
 Milwaukee & St Paul train (Evanston division) at Union depot, Adams and 
 Canal sts. Trains run at brief intervals through the day. Excursion tickets 
 60 cents. Visitors may in the course of a morning or afternoon make a trip 
 to Evanston, giving abundant opportunity for an inspection of the grounds 
 and buildings of the University. The most noteworthy of the buildings of the 
 Evanston departments of the University are the following: University Hall, 
 Science Hall, the Gymnasium, Heck Hall, Memorial Hall, the new Dormi- 
 tory, the Swedish Seminary, the Dearborn Observatory. These buildings 
 are all on the campus of the University. A short distance west of the 
 campus are the following buildings: Woman's College, College cottage, and 
 the Norwegian-Danish Theological Seminarj^. The colleges of medicine, law, 
 pharmacy, and dentistry are located in Chicago, in proximity to the hospitals 
 and the courts of law. " The first president of the University was Rev. Dr. 
 Clark T. Hinman. Thecomolete list of presidents up to date is as follows: 
 1853-1856, Rev. C. T. Hinman, D. D.; 1856-1860, Rev. R. S. Foster, D. D., 
 now Bishop Foster; 1869-1872, Rev. E. O. Haven, D. D.; 1872-1881, Rev. 
 
 C. H. Fowler, D. D., now Bishop Fowler; 1881-1890, Rev. Joseph Cummings 
 
 D. D. ; Henry Wade Rogers, LL. D., the present incumbent, was elected to 
 the presidency in the summer of 1890. 
 
 College of Liberal Arts. — The College of Liberal Arts is the center of 
 the entire University system. This department, located at Evanston, offers 
 courses of study leading to the following degrees: A. B. Ph. B., B. S., B. L. 
 The requirements to admission to these courses are as follows: 
 
 Requirements for Admission: Candidates for admission must be at 
 least sixteen years of age, and must present satisfactory evidence of good 
 moral character. 
 
 Admission of Candidates for a Degree: A student desiring to become 
 a candidate for a degree, unless admitted by a certificate from an accredited 
 school, must pass examination in some one of the groups of subjects described 
 below. 
 
 For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts: Candidates for admission will 
 be examined in the following subjects: 
 
 1. English Language, Grammar, Elementary Rhetoric. 
 
 2. English Literature. — The examination in 1892 will be in the following 
 works: Shakespeare's Julius Csetar, Scott's Ivanhoe, Hawthorne's House of 
 the Seven Gables and Longfellow's Evangeline. Those who do not bring satis- 
 factory certificates will be asked to write an essay on any one of the above 
 works. The essay must show familiarity with the plot, incidents and char- 
 acters of the work, and be correct in spelling and expression. 
 
 For 1893: Shakpeare's Julius Cassar and Twelfth Night, Scott's Mar- 
 mion, Longfellow's Courtship of Miles Standish, the Sir Roger de Coverly 
 Papers in the Spectator, Macaulay's second Essay on the Earl of Chatham, 
 Emerson's American Scholar, Irving's Sketch Book, Scott's Ivanhoe and 
 
THE EN-CYCLOPEDIA. 279 
 
 Dickens' David Copperfield. For 1894: Shakespeare's Julius Caesar and 
 Merchant of Venice, Scott's Lady of the Lake, Matthew Arnold's Sohrab and 
 Rustrun, the Sir Roger de Coverly Papers in the Spectator, Macaulay's second 
 Essay on the Earl of Chatham, Emerson's American Scholar, Irving's Sketch 
 Book, Scott's Abbott, Dickens' David Copperfield. 
 
 3. History — Smith's Smaller History of Greece; Smith's Smaller History 
 of Rome; Johnston's History of the United States. 
 
 4. Geography — Political Geography, Ancient and Modern ; and Hous- 
 ton's Physical Geography. 
 
 5. Physics — First five chapters of Avery's Elements of Natural Philoso- 
 phy- 
 
 6. Human Anatomy and Physiology — Martin's Human Body (Briefer 
 Course. 
 
 7. Mathematics — Arithmetic: Loomis's or Wells's College Algebra, 
 through Radicals and Quadratics; Plane Geometry. 
 
 8. Latin — Grammar (including Prosody); Caesar's Commentaries, four 
 books; Cicero, six orations; Vergil, Bucolics, and six books of the vEneid; 
 the translation, at sight, of passages from Caesar or Cicero; Jones's Latin 
 Composition, or an equivalent. 
 
 9. Greek — Grammar; Xenophon's Anabasis, three books; Homer's Iliad; 
 three books; Jones's Greek Composition. 
 
 Foe, the Degree of Bachelor of Philosophy. Candidates for admis- 
 sion will be examined in the following subjects: 
 
 1. English Language — Grammar; Elementary Rhetoric. 
 
 2. English Literature. The same requirements as candidates for the 
 degree of Bachelor of Arts. 
 
 3. History — History of Greece; History of Rome; Johnson's History of 
 the United States. 
 
 4. Geography — Political Geography, Ancient and Modern; and Hous- 
 ton's Physical Geography. 
 
 5. Physics — First five chapters of Avery's Elements of Natural Philoso- 
 phy- 
 
 6. Human Anatomy and Physiology — Martin's Human Body (Briefer 
 Course). 
 
 7. Mathematics — Arithmetic, Loomis's or Well's College Algebra, 
 through. Radicals and Quadratics; Plane Geometry. 
 
 8. Latin — Grammar (including Prosod}): Caesar's Commentaries, four 
 books; Cicero, six orations; Vergil, Bucolics, and six books of the iEneid; 
 the translation, at sight, of passages from Caesar or Cicero; Jones' Latin Com- 
 position. 
 
 9. German or French. German— Joynes-Meissner's Grammar, part I.; 
 Joynes' Reader; von Hillern's Hoher als die Kirche; Uhland's Ballads. 
 French — Edgren's Grammar ; Super's Reader ; Daudet's Coutes Choisis, 
 Halevy's L'Abbe Constantin, or equivalent. 
 
 For the Degree of Bachelor of Science. Candidates for admis- 
 sion will be examined in the following subjects : 
 
 1. English Language— Grammar; Elementary Rhetoric. 
 
 2. English Literature. The same requirement as for candidates for the 
 degree of Bachelor of Arts. 
 
 3. History — Johnston's History of the United States. 
 
 4. Geography — The applicant "must be prepared in Physical Geography, 
 and be able to draw an outline map of any country or state, and locate therein 
 the principal towns, rivers, and mountains. 
 
280 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 5. Physics — Avery's Elements of Natural Philosophy entire. 
 
 6. Human Anatomy and Physiology — Martin's Human Body (Briefer 
 Course.) 
 
 7. Zoology — Packard's Elements of Zoology. 
 
 8. Botany — Gray's Lessons, and the ability to analyze common flowering 
 plants; an Herbarium of fifty species. 
 
 9. Mathematics — Arithmetic (familiarity with the metric system of 
 weights and measures required); Loomis's or Well's College Algebra, through 
 Radicals and Quadratics; Plane Geometry. 
 
 10. Astronomy — Young's Elements. 
 
 11. Latin — Jones's Latin Lessons, and two books of Cesar's Commen- 
 taries. 
 
 12. German — Joynes' Meissner's Grammar, part I, (or equivalent); Ju- 
 nes' Reader; von Hillern's Hoher als die Kirche; Uhland's Ballads. 
 
 13. French — Whitney's French Grammar, and selections of standard 
 prose and poetry not less in quantity than four hundred pages. 
 
 14. Drawing— Elements of Free Hand and Geometrical Drawing, such 
 a knowledge of the subject as may be gained by practice under instruction 
 one hour a week through the year. Candidates may offer Chemistry in place 
 of one of the three language requirements, viz.: Latin, French, German. 
 Those availing themselves of this substitution will be expected to complete 
 the full amount of French and German prescribed for the degree. The 
 Chemistry should be equivalent to Remsen's Briefer Course, or Clarke's or 
 Shepard's Elements, and should include laboratory work. As evidence of 
 the latter, the student's original note-book should be presented with the 
 instructor's certificate. 
 
 For the Degree of Bachelor of Letters. Candidates for admission will be 
 examined on the following subjects : 
 
 1. English Language — Grammar, Elementary Rhetoric. 
 
 2. English Literature — The same requirements as for candidates for the 
 degree of Bachelor of Arts. 
 
 3 History — History of Greece, History of Rome, Johnston's History of 
 the United States, Montgomery's History of England. 
 
 4. Geography — Political (Barnes' Common School) and Houston's Physi- 
 cal Geography. 
 
 5. Physics — Avery's Elements of Natural Philosophy, Dynamics, Elec- 
 tricity and Magnetism. 
 
 6. Human Anatomy and Physiology — Martin's Human Body (Briefer 
 Course). 
 
 7. Botany — Gray's Manual of Botany. 
 
 8. Mathematics — Arithmetic; Loomis's or Wells's College Algebra, 
 through Radicals and Quadratics; Plane Geometry. 
 
 9. Latin, French or German. Candidates may offer either Latin, French 
 or German. The requirement is supposed to represent the work of two years, 
 and in each language is as follows : 
 
 Latin — Jones' Latin Lessons, four books of Caesar's Commentaries, with 
 Latin Composition based on Csesar's vocabulary and idioms; two orations of 
 Cicero and two books of Virgil's iEneid, or satisfactory equivalents. 
 
 French — First year. Edgren's Grammar ; Super's Reader; Daudet's 
 Coutes Choisis ; Halevy's L'Abbe Constantin (or equivalents ; Graudgent's 
 French Composition, based on Super's Reader. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. . 281 
 
 Second year. Super's Readings from French History; L'Ami Fritz (or 
 equivalent); Lacombe's Petite Histoire du Peuple Francais; Hugo's Hernani 
 or Ruy Bias; Grandgent's French Composition, based on L'Abbe Constantin. 
 
 German — First year. Joynes-Meissner's Grammar, Part I. (or equiva- 
 lent); Joynes' Reader; von Hillern's Holier als die Kirche; Uhland's Ballads. 
 
 Second year. Schiller's Ballads, Wilhelm Tell; Lessing's Minna von 
 Bornhelm; Goethe's Egniont; Joynes-Meissner's Grammar, Part III. 
 
 10. The elements of one of the following sciences. The requirement in 
 each subject is equivalent to the work of one year, and is as follows : 
 
 Botany — Gray's Manual of Botany. 
 
 Chemistry — The Chemistry should be equivalent to Remsen's Briefer 
 Course, or Clark's or Shepard's Elements, and should include laboratory work. 
 As evidence of the latter the student's original note-book should be presented 
 with the instructor's certificate. 
 
 Zoology — Packard's Elements of Zoology. 
 
 Selected Studies. — Students who do not seek a degree are permitted to 
 attend recitations and lectures under the following conditions: 
 
 1. The candidate must first enter the College of Liberal Arts by passing 
 one of the entrance examinations. This rule, however, may be waived by 
 action of the Faculty in rare cases in the interest of students of special ability 
 and maturity. 
 
 2. Each Professor will judge of the fitness of applicants to pursue special 
 branches in his department. 
 
 3. Unless specially excused, special students will be required to con- 
 form to the same rules of order as regular students — such as attendance upon 
 prayers, public worship and rhetorical exercises. 
 
 Students who have pursued selected studies with success for at least six 
 terms are entitled to a certificate. 
 
 Those who desire to pursue selected studies with the view of ultimately 
 entering the Medical School are recommended to pass the entrance examina- 
 tion for candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Science. 
 
 Examinations. — The regular days of examination for admission to the 
 College of Liberal Arts are the Monday next before Commencement and the 
 Tuesday next before the opening of the College year. The first regular 
 examination for the year 1892 will beheld on June 20th, and the second on 
 September 15th. Candidates may be examined and admitted at other times; 
 they are advised, however, to enter at the beginning of the year. Candi- 
 dates for admission should be at least sixteen years of age and must present 
 testimonials of good moral character. 
 
 Candidates for advanced standing are not admitted later than January of 
 the year in which they expect to graduate. All students from other Colleges 
 must present evidence of honorable dismission, and must give satisfactory 
 proof of preparation; for the classes which they desire to enter. 
 
 Candidates for admission are requested to bring from their teachers cer- 
 tificates giving in detail the amount and grade of their preparatory work. 
 Blanks of the desired form will besupplied by the University on application. 
 Thes-e certificates will receive due credit in determining the proficiencj" of the 
 candidate. Graduates of accredited Academies and High Schools who pre- 
 sent certificates showing satisfactory standing in studies required for admis- 
 sion to College will be admitted without examination, but such certificates 
 will not be accepted for studies pursued in the College courses. 
 
282 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Near the middle of the first term a special examination is appointed as a 
 test of the preparation of students provisionally admitted. Students who are 
 admitted by certificate are not considered matriculated until they have main- 
 tained satisfactory standing in their classes for one term. 
 
 College of Liberal Arts. — Faculty : Henry Wade Rogers, LL.D., presi- 
 dent ; Daniel Bonbright, LL. D., professor of Latin; Oliver Marcy, LL. D., 
 professor of natural history ; Julius F. Kellogg, A. M., professor of mathe- 
 matics ; Herbert F. Fisk, D. D., professor of pedagogics ; Robert L. Cum- 
 nock, A. M., professor of rhetoric and elocution ; Robert Baird, A. M., pro- 
 fessor of Greek ; Charles W. Pearson, A. M., professor of English literature ; 
 Robert D. Sheppard, D. D , professor of history and political economy; 
 Abram V. E. Young, Ph. B., professor of chemistry; Charles S. Cook, B. 
 8., professor of Physics ; George W. Hough, A. M., professor of Astronomy ; 
 James Taft Hatfield, Ph. D., professor of "German ; Eliakim H. Moore, Ph. 
 D., associa'e professor of mathematics, Charles B. Atwell, Ph. M., professor 
 of natural history ; George A. Coe, Ph. D., acting professor of philosophy ; 
 Emily F. Wheeler, acting professor of romance languages ; George H. Hors- 
 weU, Ph. D., assistant professor of Latin and Greek ; William E. Smyser, B. 
 A., instructor in English ; P. S. Stollhofen, Ph. D., instructor in French and 
 German; John A. Scott, A. B., instructor in Greek ; George W. Schmidt, 
 Ph. B., instructor in German ; Francis A. Walker, LL. D., lecturer on Fi- 
 nance; Carroll D. Wright, A. M., lecturer on statistics; Albert Shaw, Ph. D., 
 lecturer on government of cities; Edward W. Bemis, Ph. D., lecturer on 
 economics ; Franklin H. Giddings, Ph. D., lecturer on sociology. 
 
 Woman's College. — Northwestern University is a co-educational insti- 
 tution. In 1873 the trustees of the University purchased the grounds, 
 buildingsand apparatus of the "Evanston College for Ladies," for the purpose 
 of combining and making available all the special means and advantages of 
 both institutions for the college education of women. Young women are 
 admitted to all the undergraduate departments and to all the professional 
 schools with the single exception of the College of Medicine. The Woman's 
 College, a large brick structure completely equipped, is located on ground 
 of its own, about three minutes' walk from the University campus in Evan- 
 ston. To accommodate the many young ladies who desire to secure an edu- 
 cation at a cost somewhat less than the regular rates, the ' ' College Cottage," 
 a brick building near the Woman's College, has been erected. The young 
 ladies in this building have charge of a large share of the domestic arrange- 
 ments, and expenses are thereby greatly reduced. Co-education has been 
 found to work successfully at Northwestern, and experience shows the 
 ladies to be in every respect the equals of the young men in college work. 
 
 Preparatory School. — Owing to the lack of good secondary schools 
 the University found it necessary many years ago to establish its own pre- 
 paratory department. In this school the advanced grade of scholarship 
 which the University seeks to maintain may be begununder the direct super- 
 vision of the authorities of the University. The number of students in the 
 preparatory departments has steadily grown until during 1890 there were 
 nearly 700 students in attendance, an increase of 100 per cent, in about 
 four years. The graduates of this department pass, in general, to the 
 Freshman Class of the College of Liberal Arts, but many here complete their 
 preparations for Eastern colleges. The applicant should be at least thirteen 
 years of age, and must have such proficiency as to be able in one term to 
 complete Geography, and in two terms to complete Arithmetic and English 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 283 
 
 grammar. Faculty: Rev. Herbert F. Fisk, D. D., principal ; Rev. Joseph 
 L. M<>rse, A. M., assistant principal ; Charles B. Thwing, A. M., instructor 
 in physics ; Ada Townsend, A. B., instructor in Latin ; Charles H. Gordon, 
 M. S., instructor in natural history ; George W. Schmidt, Ph. B., instructor 
 in German ; Henry Benner, M. S., instructor in mathematics ; John A. Scott, 
 B. A., instructor in Greek ; Charles H. Zimmerman, B. A., instructor in 
 La' in ; Effie K. Price, A. B., instructor in English ; Louise Pearsons, A. B., 
 instructor in mathematics; Arthur H. Wilde. A. B., B. D., instructor in 
 La'in ; John A. Walz, instructor in French ; Zuba E. Ferguson, instructor in 
 drawing. 
 
 Gaerett Biblical Institute. — The faculty is as follows: Rev. Henry 
 B. Ridgaway, D. D.,LL. D., president; Rev. Miner Raymond, D. D.,LL. D.; 
 Rev. Charles F. Bradley, D. D.; Rev. Milton S. Terry, D. D.; Rev. Charles 
 W. Bennett, D. D., LL. D.; Robert L. Cumnock, A. M.; Rev. Charles Hors- 
 well, A. M., B. D.; Rev. Nels E. Simonsen, A. M., B. D. The Garrett Bib- 
 lical Institute, the theological department of the University, has been in 
 operation since 1856. It is open to all young men from any evangelical 
 church who are proper persons to study in preparation for the Christian min- 
 istry. It is supported by the income from property in Ihe city of Chicago 
 bequeathed as a perpetual foundation by the late Mrs. Eliza Garrett. It is 
 essential that those who enter this school should have good preparation in 
 previous study. The regular course of study extends through three years and 
 leads to the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. There is a diploma course and 
 an Eclectic English course for those who are not classical graduates of a col- 
 lege. In connection with the theological school there is a Norwegian-Danish 
 department. Rev. Nels E. Simonsen, A. M., B. D., is principal. 
 
 Swedish Theological Seminary.— The Swedish Theological Seminary 
 was established in 1882 and is the only school of its kind under the patronage 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church. From this school preachers iae sent out 
 to nearly every State in the Union. It was called into existence to meet the 
 urgent and increasing demands for educated pastors and missionaries among 
 the Swedish population in the United States. Rev. Albert Ericson, A. M. , is 
 president, and Rev. C. G. Wallenius is assistant professor. 
 
 School of Oratory. — The School of Oratory, under the direction of 
 Prof. R. L. Cumnock, A. M., the noted elocutionist, has become widely 
 known and is largely attended. Students from other colleges, while prepar- 
 ing for various oratorical contests, frequently come to Northwestern tor 
 special training in this school. A high standard of oratory is maintained at 
 Northwestern, and the prize speaking at commencement brings together a 
 great audience. The College of Oratory offers a two years' course of study 
 and gives to its graduates a certificate of graduation. 
 
 Conservatory of Music — The Conservatory of Music has for some time 
 been one of the prominent departments of the University. It affords facilities 
 for a thorough and systematical education in the theory and practice of music. 
 Pupils in music are advised to pursue at the same time some studies in one of 
 the literary departments of the University. Four courses of study are offered, 
 each occupying four years. Faculty — Piano, P. C. Lutkin, Allen H. Spencer, 
 Mamie C. Lull, Cornelia Hopkins, Jennie Sanborn; voice culture, J.Harry 
 Wheeler, Edith Gale; organ, P. C. Lutkin, Wm. H. Cutter; theory and com- 
 position, P. C Lutkin; harp, Julia Phelps; violin, Joseph Vilim; guitar and 
 banjo, Geo. H. Bowers; sight-reading and chorus classes, William Smedley. 
 
284 GUIDE TO' CHICAGO. 
 
 Astronomical Department. — The astronomical department of the Uni- 
 versity is located at Evanston. The new observatory, a stone buildingeighty- 
 one feet in length by seventy-one feet in breadth, includes a dome for the 
 great equatorial telescope, a meridian circle room, a library and eight addi- 
 tional rooms for other purposes. The great Dearborn telescope, an equatorial 
 refractor, was made by Alvan Clark & Sons, of Cambridge, Mass., in 1861. 
 This insturment was the largest refractor in the world until a few years ago, 
 and now has few superiors. The observatory will be open to visitors on 
 Thursday evening of each week by previous arrangement with tbe director. 
 Visitors may also be admitted at other times by making special arrangements 
 with.the president of the University or the director of the observatory. 
 
 The location of the observatory is on the lake shore, about half a mile 
 north of the main buildings of the university. While in this vicinity the 
 visitor should visit the Evanston Water Works and Grosse Point Light House, 
 which are located a little farther to the north. There is a magnificent drive 
 along the lake shore here also, extending north to Fort Sheridan, or a return 
 may be made upon the old Green Bay road, which is met after a circuit 
 around the point, and carries the visitor back on Ridge ave., the finest resi- 
 dence street in Evanston. From Grosse Point may be witnessed the most 
 dangerous roadway on the lake, and the one most frequented by vessels. 
 Dense fogs setQe here through the navigation season, and for the protection 
 of shipping the Government has located a fog-horn in the vicinity. 
 
 Chicago Departments. — The Chicago departments of the University 
 include the Medical School, Law School, School of Pharmacy, and Dental 
 School. 
 
 The Medical School. — The Northwestern University Medical School, 
 formerly known as the Chicago Medical College, is located in Chicago, adjoin- 
 ing the Mercy Hospital. The course of study is graded; it extends over three 
 years, and leads to the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. Students who begin 
 their medical studies in this college are required to take three full courses of 
 lectures. Applicants for admission must present diplomas or certificates from 
 recognized colleges, schools of science, academies, high schools, or teachers' 
 certificates of the first or second grade, or sustain an examination in the 
 following subjects: 1. English — The writing of a composition, in the form 
 of a letter, of not less than three hundred words, relating to some well known 
 recent event ; the subject to be announced at the time of the English exami- 
 nation. 2. Arithmetic — Prime and composite numbers, factors, divisors and 
 multiples; proportion; decimals, including percentage; simple and compound 
 interest and discount, but not the technical parts of commercial arithmetic; 
 English weights and measures and the metric system. 3. Geography— A 
 reasonable familiarity with the principal facts in physical and civil geog- 
 raphy, as taught in the public schools. 4. At the option of the candidate, 
 either one of the following subjects: (a) Latin — The translation into Eng- 
 lish of a short passage of average difficulty from one of the first four books 
 of Csesar's " Commentaries on the Gallic War," and the answering of ele- 
 mentary questions relating to the grammar of the passage, (b) German — 
 The translation into English of short passages of average difficulty from 
 "Whitney's German Reader," and the answering of elementary question 
 relating to the grammar of the passages, (c) Physics — Balfour Stewart, or 
 its equivalent. Exception — Special students, not candidates for the degree 
 of M. D., will be admitted without the presentation of diplomas or certifi- 
 
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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 285 
 
 cates, and without the examination mentioned above. Faculty: Henry "Wade 
 Rogers, LL. D., president; Edward O. F. Roler, A. M., M. D., profe^^or 
 emeritus of obstetrics; Nathan S. Davis, M. D. , LL. D., Dean, professor of 
 principles and practice of medicine and clinical medicine; Edmund Andrews, 
 M. D., LL. D., treasurer, professor of clinical surgery; Ralph N. Isham, 
 A. M., M. D., professor of principles and practice of surgery and clinical 
 surgery; John H. Hollister, A. M., M. D., professor of clinical medicine; 
 Samuel J. Jones, M. D., LL. D., professor of ophthalmology «rid otology; 
 Marcus P. Hatfield, A. M., M. D., professor of diseases of children; John^H. 
 Long, Sc. D., professor of chemistry and director of chemical labratory; 
 Emilius Clark Dudley, A. M., M. D., professor of gynaecology; John E. 
 Owens, M. D., professor of principals and practice of surgery and clinical 
 surgery; Oscar C. DeWolf, A. M., M. D., professor state medicine and public 
 hygiene; Frederick C. Schaefer, M. D., professor of descriptive anatomy; 
 Isaac N. Danforth, A. M., M. D., professor of clinical medicine; William E. 
 Casselberry, M. D., professor of materia medica and therapeutics, laryn- 
 gology and rhinology: William W. Jaggard, A.M., M. D., professor of 
 obstetrics; Nathan S. Davis, Jr., A. M., M. D., professor of principles and 
 practice of medicine; Frank S. Johnson, A. M., M. D., professor of general 
 pathology and pathological anatomy; Frank Billings, M. S., M. D., secre- 
 tary, professor of physical diagnosis and clinical medicins and lecturer on 
 practice of medicine; E. Wyllys Andrews, A. M., M. D., professor of clin- 
 ical surgery; Frank T. Andrews, A. M., M. D., professor of histology; 
 George W. Webster, M. D., professor of physiology; Joseph Zeisler,M . D., 
 professor of dermatology and syphilis; Herbert H. Frothingham, M. D., 
 professor of descriptive anatomy; Elbert Wing, A. M., M. D., professor of 
 nervous and mental diseases, and medical jurisprudence; William E. Morgan, 
 M. D., lecturer on operative surgery and surgical anatomy; George S. Isham, 
 A. M., M. D., clinical assistant to professor of surgery; John D. Kales, M. 
 D., demonstrator of pathology; Rufus G. Collins, M. D., demonstrator of 
 obstetrical operations; Thomas Benton Swartz, A. M., M. D., demonstrator 
 of anatomy and clinical assistant in gynaecology; Horace M. Stark ey, M. D., 
 clinical lecturer on ophthalmology and otology; Thomas J. Watkins, M. D., 
 clinical assistant in gynaecology; Edward Tyler Edgerly, A. M., M. D., 
 demonstrator of histology and instructor in physical diagnosis; John Leern- 
 ing, M. D., lecturer on materia medica; Jared C. Hepburn, M. D., clinical 
 assistant to laryngology and rhinology; James T. Campbell, M. D., assistant 
 demonstrator of anatomy; Samuel C. Plummer, A. M., M. D., assistant 
 demonstrator of anatomy; Daniel N. Eisendrath, A. B., M. D., curator of 
 museum. 
 
 School of Pharmacy.— The School of Pharmacy, located at the cor- 
 ner of Lake and Dearborn £ts.,is one of the most numerously attended 
 schools of pharmacy in the country. The attendance during the last year 
 was 360. This college being especially designed for the education of drug- 
 gists, the requirements for entrance are such as will admit the great majoiny 
 of drug clerks, apprentices and persons preparing for the drug business. 
 Thus a good common public school education is sufficient ; but no person 
 under eighteen years of age will be admitted. Faculty— Henry Wade 
 Rogers, LL. D., president; Oscar Oldberg, Pharm. D., Dean, Professor of 
 Pharmacy; John H. Long, Sc. D., Professor of Chemistry; Edson S. Bastin, 
 
286 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 A. M., F. R. M. S., Professor of Botany; Wm. E. Quine, M. D., Professor 
 of Physiology, Therapeutics and Toxicology; William K. Higley, Ph. C, 
 Professor of Microscopy; E. B. Stuart, Ph. G. , Professor of Materia Med ica 
 and Pharmacognosy ; M. A. Miner, Ph. C, Assistant to the Chair of Phar- 
 macy; Mark Powers, Sc. B., Assistant to the Chair of Chemistry; Harry 
 Kohn, Ph. M., Assistant to Chair of Pharmacy, and Instructor in Chemical 
 Laboratory. 
 
 College of Dental and Oval Surgery.— The college of dental and 
 oval surgery is one of the mo=;t recently established departments of the 
 University. The faculty numbers thirty-three professors and instructors. 
 The requirements for admission are the 5-ame as those of the Chicago Medical 
 College. The course of study is graded and comprises three consecutive 
 annual courses of lectures and clinical teaching. A fourth year is provided 
 for those who desire to continue their studies and take the M. D. degree. 
 
 Faculty: Henry Wade Rogers, LL. D., president; E. D. Swain, D. D. S., 
 65 Randolph street, Chicago, dean; G. V. Black, M.D.,D. D. S., professor of 
 dental pathology; Geo. H. Cushing, M. D., D. D. S., professor of principles 
 and practice of dental surgery; John S. Marshall, M. D., professor of clinical 
 oral surger} r ; Charles P. Pruyn, M. D., D. D. S., professor of operative dent- 
 istry; Isaac A. Freeman, D. D. S., professor of clinical operative dentistry ; 
 Thomas L. Gilmer, M. D., D. D. S., professor of oral surgery ; Aithur B. 
 Freeman, M. D., D. D. S., professor of human and comparative dental anat- 
 omy; B. S. Palmer, B. S., D. D. S., professor of embryology and dental 
 histology; W. B. Ames, D. D. S., professor of prothetic dentistry; Arthur E. 
 Matteson, D. D. S., professor of orthodontia; E. L. Clifford, D. D. S., pro- 
 fessor of dental materia medica and Therapeutics; G. W. Haskins, M. D., D. 
 D. S., professor of metallurgy; G. W. Whitefield, M. D.. D. D. S., professor 
 of crown and bridge work; D. M. Cattell, D. D. S., professor of operative 
 technics; H. P. Smith, D. D. S., instructor in prothetic technics. 
 
 The Law School. — The Law School is located at 40 Dearborn street. 
 The course of study covers two years. Students entering the junior class are 
 expected to have at least a good common school education. A knowledge of 
 Latin is desirable, butis not required. No discrimination on account of sex 
 or color. Faculty — Henry Wade Rogers, LL. D., president; Hon. Henrv 
 W. Blodgett, LL. D., dean; Hon. Henry Booth, LL. D., Hon. Harvey B. 
 Hurd, Hon. Marshall D. Ewell, LL. D., M. D.; Hon. William W. Far- 
 well, Hon. Nathan S. Davis, M. D., LL. D. 
 
 Number op Professors and Students, 1891. — The faculty numbers 150 
 professors and instructors. The total number of students in attendance dur- 
 ing the present year (1892) is between 2,250 and 2,300. 
 
 New Library Building. — Orrington Lunt, of E^anston, has donated 
 $50,000 to the Northwestern University for the erection of a new library 
 building. The trustees have already taken steps to carry out the design of 
 the donor, and the work of construction will begin at an early date. The new 
 library will be located on the campus amid the other university buildings. 
 The present libraiy is in three rooms of an upper story of University Hall, 
 and contains 30,000 volumes. It is quite crowded and inconvenient, and the 
 need of more commodious quarters is greatly felt. Mr. Lunt has been a lib- 
 eral friend of the university, and his latest donation will be enthusiastically 
 welcomed by the students. The library of the Garrett Biblical Institute will 
 also have a place in the new structure, and it is possible that room for a 
 chapel may be provided. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 287 
 
 University Libraries. — Each of the professional schools of the Univer- 
 sity has its special library, supplementing the general library of the College 
 of Liberal Arts. This general library numbers about 23,000 bound volumes, 
 besides 8,000 unbound pamphlets. It contains a large number of books for 
 general reading and reference, and for use in the several departments of 
 study. It is unusually complete in the departments of Greek and Latin 
 literature. Every author is represented by the best editions from the earliest 
 date. In the related subjects of Archaeology, Criticism and History, the 
 Library is correspondingly full, so that in the special field of Classical 
 Philology it ranks with the best in America. In modern literature it is well 
 supplied with standard works in German, French, Spanish and Italian. 
 There is also a valuable selection of b >oks illustrating History, the Sciences 
 and Pine Arts. There is a reading room in connection with the Library 
 open morning and afternoon, supplied with a good collection of reviews and 
 other periodicals. Every student is entitled to its privileges. 
 
 St. Ignatius' College. — Located at 413 West Twelfth St., adjoining the 
 Jesuit church. Take West Twelfth st. car. The college was erected in 
 1869 for the higher education of the Catholic youth of Chicago and vicinity. 
 It is conducted by Fathers of the Society of Jesus. A charter was granted 
 the institution by the Legislature of the State of Illinois June 30, 1870, with 
 power to confer the usual degrees in the various faculties of a university. 
 The Board of Managers are: Rev. Edward A. Higgins, S. J., president; Rev. 
 Edwin D. Kelly, S. J., vice-president; Rev. Eugene A. Magevney, S. J , sec- 
 retary; Rev. John F. Pahls, S. J., treasurer; Rev. JamesM.Hayes^S. J., Chan- 
 cellor. The Faculty is as follows: Rev. E. A. Higgins, S. J., president; 
 Rev. Geo. A. Hoeffer, vice-president and prefect of studies; Rev. J. F. Pahls, 
 S. J., treasurer and professor of book-keeping; Rev. J. P. Hogan, S. J., 
 professor of mental and moral philosophy; Rev. F A. Moeller, S. J., professor 
 of natural philosophy; Mr. M. D. Sullivan, S. J., professor of mathematics and 
 chemistrv; Rev. F. X. Shulak, S. J., professor of mineralogy and natural 
 history; Mr. W. H. Fanning, S. J., professor of rhetoric; Mr. C B. Moulinier, 
 S. J., professor of poetry and elocution; Mr. T. C. McKeogh, S J., humani- 
 ties and elocution; Mr. H. B. McMahon, S. J., first academic class; Mr. T. F. 
 Conroy, S J., second academic class and elocution; Rev. E. J. Hanhauser, 
 ?. J., third academic class— grade A; Mr. J. E. Stack, third academic 
 class — grade B; Rev. T. B. Chambers, S. J., preparatory class; Rev. E. A. 
 Higgins, S. J., Mr. C. B. Moulinier, S. J., professors of French; Rev. F. A. 
 Moeller, S. J., Rev. E. J. Hanhauser, S. J., professors of German; Rev. F. 
 A. Moeller, S. J., professor of vocal music; Mr. T. C. McKeogh, S. J ., Mr. 
 H. B. McMahon, S. J., prefects of discipline. 
 
 North Side Collegiate School. — Located at 616 La Salle ave., is con- 
 ducted under the following instructors: Rev. P. J. Mulconroy, S. J., director 
 first academic class ; Mr. J. B. Hemann, S. J., prefect of discipline, second 
 academic class; Mr. E. M. Paillow. S. J., prefect of discipline, third aca- 
 demic class; Mr. J. B. Hemann, professor of German and vocal music. The 
 studies pursued in the college comprise the doctrines and evidences of the 
 Catholic religion, logic, metaphysics, ethics, astronomy, natural philosophy, 
 chemistry, mathematics, rhetoric, composition, elocution, history, geogia- 
 phy, book-keeping, arithmetic, the Latin, Greek, English, German and 
 French languages and literature. The college is intended for day scholars 
 only. The collegiate year is divided into two terms, the first beginning on 
 the first Monday of September, the second on the first Monday of February. 
 
288 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Students, however, are received at any time during the year. At the close 
 of eich term the several classes are subjected to a thorough examination in 
 the branches studied duringtbe previous half year. The Annual Commorce- 
 mentis beld on the last Wednesday in June, when degrees are conferred and 
 premiums awarded. On completing the studies of the Collegiate Depart- 
 ment, those who prove deserving of the distinction receive the degree of 
 Bachelor of Arts. Subsequently, by devoting one year more to the study of 
 philosophy, or two years to any of the learned professions, they may obtain 
 the degree of Master of Arts, if the board of managers be satisfied with their 
 proficiency and moral conduct. The Catholic students are carefully 
 instructed in the doctrines and practices of tbeir religion, and tbe most solic- 
 itous attention is paid to the moralsof all. Whilstuponthecollegepremises, 
 the pupils are constantly under the watchful care of one or more of the 
 Prefects or Professors. 
 
 Terms of Tuition. — As the Institution is not endowed, it is entirely 
 dependent for its support on the fees paid for tuition. Tuition per session 
 of ten months, for all classes, $40. Students of chemistry and natural phi- 
 losophy, for the use of the apparatus, chemicals, etc., required for purposes 
 of ilustration and experiment, pay $10 per session. Diploma for graduates 
 inthe classical course, $10. The session is divided into quarters, which 
 begin, respectively, about the 1st of September, the 15th of November, the 
 1st of February and the 15th of April. Payments must be made quarterly 
 or semi-annually, in advance. No reduction is allowed for absence except 
 in case of dismission or protracted illness. 
 
 St. Xavier's Academy. — Located at the corner of Wabash ave. and 
 Twenty-ninth st. Cor ducted by the Sisters of Charity. First opened in 
 1846, and is consequently one of the oldest, as it is one of the best educational , 
 institutions of the city. Take State st. cable line. The building is a large 
 and handsome edifice of brick with stone trimmings. Hot and cold balhs are 
 connected with the various departments, and the arrangement of thestructure 
 generally is well adapted to the purposes for which it is dedicated . The dis- 
 cipline of this academy is mild, yet conducted with such uniformity as to 
 secure order and regularity, and the young ladies entrusted to the care o f the 
 sisters leave their charge cultivated intellectually, strengthened and fortified 
 morally, and with habits fixed, which secures them good physical aswell as 
 mental health. 
 
 Scholastic Year. — The scholastic year is divided into two sessions of 
 five months each, the first session commencing on the first of September; the 
 second on the first of February. A vacation of about one week is allowed at 
 Christmas, whenpupils are permitted to visittheirparents if they desire it. If 
 residents of the city, they are permitted to do so once a month — generally the 
 first Sunday of the month, uuiess deprived of this privilege for non-observ- 
 ance of rules. Wednesday and Sunday are visiting days for parents, rela- 
 tives or friends. The correspondence of the young ladies is, at all times, 
 subject to the supervision of the Directress, hence private correspondence is 
 not allowed. Pupils may enter at any time during the year, their session 
 always commencing with date of entrance; but can in no case leave just 
 before the close of the year, without serious damage to theirstanding, besides 
 forfeiting prizes. No undue influenceis exercised over the religious opinions 
 of non-Catholic pupils; however, for the sake of the order, all are required to 
 conform to the external discipline of the Institution. . Monthly examinations 
 are held and reports of deportment, scholarship, etc. , are forwarded to parents 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 289 
 
 and guardians. At the annual distribution of premiums, those who have 
 observed the rules and given evidence of polite and amiable deportment are 
 crowned by the Most Reverend Archbishop. Graduating Medals are con- 
 ferred on those only who take the full Academic Course, and ClassMedals are 
 awarded for the highest average. Each pupil is required to write home every 
 two weeks. Weekly instructions are given in politeness and all that consti- 
 tutes lady-like deportment. There are two general examinations each year, 
 after which any pupil who may be found duly qualified is promoted. The 
 daily routine for boarders is as follows: 5:30 o'clock, rise; 6:30 o'clock, mass, 
 followed by mornig prayers; 7 o'clock, breakfast, followed by recreation; 8 
 o'clock, study; 9 o'clock, recitation in respective class-rooms; 11:45 o'clock, 
 dinner and recreation; 12:30 o'clock, study; 1 o'clock, mathematics; 2 o'clock, 
 plain sewing, penmanship, etc.; 4 o'clock, luncheon and recreation; 4:30 
 o'clock, study lessons for next day; 5:45 o'clock, Rosary for Catholics; 6 
 o'clock, supper; 6:30 o'clock, recreation; 8 o'clock, nightprayers, after which 
 all retire to their respective dormitories for the night, and do not visit the 
 rooms of others without special permission. 
 
 Terms.— Terms for boarders per series of five months in advance. Board 
 and tuition in English and music, $150; languages, each $10; oil and water- 
 color painting, $40; portrait painting, $50; crayon and pastel painting, $40; 
 harp, $40; guitar, violin, banjo, mandolin, zither, each, $30; vocal lessonsand 
 harmony, each, $30; washing, $5. For chemical and physical apparatus, etc., 
 in senior classes, $3. There are no other extra charges. 
 
 University of Chicago. — The newest thing in the city is the new University 
 of Chicago. The old institution of that name, after a struggle for existence 
 for nearly thirty years, succumbed to financial difficulties in 1886, and sus- 
 pended its educational work. So profound, however, was the conviction that 
 Chicago was the ideal location for a great institution of learning, that efforts 
 began to be made almost immediately looking to the establishment of a new 
 university. It was soon found that John D. Rockefeller was interested in 
 the project. In 1888 the Baptists of the United States organized the Ameri- 
 can Baptist Educational Society, and elected Fred T. Gates its corresponding 
 secretary. Mr. Gates soon became persuaded that the first great work for 
 the new society to undertake was the establishment of a new university in 
 Chicago. He and Mr. Rockefeller entered into correspondence, and to their 
 conferences with each other Chicago owes its university. In May, 1889, the 
 Education Society resolved to undertake the raising of $1,000,000 to found a 
 well equipped college in this city, and Mr. Rockefeller at once made a sub- 
 scription of $600,000, conditioned on the subscription being increased to a 
 full $1,000,000 within one year. T. W. Goodspeed was associated with Mr. 
 Gates in the effort to raise the $400,000 required by this condition. Not only 
 was this done within the time specified, but $150,000 more than was required 
 was secured. 
 
 Marshall Field gave a site of a block and a half valued at $125,000, 
 but now worth much more than that sum. To this gift from Mr. Field there 
 has since been added two and a half blocks, making the present site four 
 blocks. The intersecting streets have been vacated by the city council so 
 that the site consists of a solid block 802 by 1,261 feet, or nearly twenty -four 
 acres. The location is an ideal one. The side lies between Ellis and Lexing- 
 ton avenues, and Fifty-seventh street and Midway Plaisance. Washington 
 Park lies four blocks west and Jackson Park seven blocks east. The site 
 
290 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 fronts south on Ihe Plaisance which is itself a park connecting Washington 
 and Jackson. These magnificent parks will be the pleasure grounds of the 
 studeats, affording facilities for all kinds of outdoor games and exercises. 
 Immediately after the organization of the board of trustees, Prof. Wm. 
 Rainy Harper, of Yale University, was elected president of the university. It 
 was the conviction of Dr. Harper that the institution should from the outset 
 be in fact as well as in name a true university. With this view Mr. Rocke- 
 feller and Mr. Gates heartily agreed, and on the day of Dr. Harper's election 
 to the presidency he read to the Board a new subscription from Mr. Ri cke- 
 feller for one million dollars. This great sum was given for the express pur- 
 pose of making the new institution a true university. It required the estab- 
 lishment of a great graduate department, the transferring of the Morgan 
 Park Theological Seminary to the new site as the Divinity school of the 
 university, and the establishment of a well equipped academy in the buildings 
 of the seminary at Morgan Park. 
 
 In the spring of 1891 the executors and trustees of the estate of Wm. B.. 
 Ogden, the first mayor of Chicago, designated seventy per cent, of the 
 bequest under Mr. Ogden's will for benevolent purposes to the new univer- 
 sity. In making the designation they expressed the hope that the university 
 would receive above $500,000 from the estate. With this sum the trustees are 
 to establish " The Ogden Scientific School of the University of Chicago," for 
 advanced graduate scientific instruction. Although there is a contest over 
 the will, the board is confident that the full amount indicated above will 
 finally be realized from the estate for the scientific school. 
 
 A Non-sectarian Institdtion — Although the University was con- 
 ceived and founded by Baptists it has not been their purpose to make it a 
 Baptist University. It is not to be managed or known as a sectarian institu- 
 tion. It is to be a christian institution, but in no sense a sectarian one. The 
 people of Chicago of all religious views have contributed liberally to its 
 funds. Seven of the trustees are well-known citizens not members of Baptist 
 churches. A large number of the professors, several of them in leading 
 positions, he ids of departments, are members of other denominations. The 
 faculty represents the entire public. It was early determined by the trustees 
 that the head professors should be selected lrom among the most eminent 
 scholars and teachers in this country and Europe. 
 
 In pursuance of this policy the following well-known educators have 
 been selected as head professors and accepted their appointments: William 
 Gardner Hale, of Cornell University, head professor in Latin ; Albion W. 
 Small, President of Colby University, head professor in social science ; J. 
 Laurence Laughlin, of Cornell University, head professor in political econ- 
 omy; William I. Knapp, of Yale University, head professor in the romance 
 languages and literature . 
 
 The Complete Faculty. — Other head professors were being chosen 
 when this volume went to press. The completed list promises to be a bril- 
 liant one and to place the University at the outset in a leading place among 
 Am -rican Universities. These heads of departments will be ably seconded 
 by a Urge number of professors, associate and assistant professors, and other 
 instructors. Among the professors who have already won distinction are the 
 following : 
 
 Harry Pratt Judson, of the University of Minnesota ; Clarence J. Her- 
 rick, of the University of Cincinnati; Charles Chandler, of Denison Univer- 
 sity; Ez,kiel G. Robinson, late president of Brown University. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 291 
 
 Th ) d rector of physical culture will be A. A Stagg, the most famous of 
 Yale athletes. 
 
 Buildings of the University. — The trustees began early to consider 
 the question of buildings. As it became more and more evident, that one of 
 the great universities of the world was being established, they determined to 
 build intelligently and according to a preconceived plan. Henry Ives Cob'j 
 was made the architect and a group of buildings was planned covering the 
 entire site and adapted to meet the needs of a great university. It was not 
 expected that all the buildings could be erected at once, or soon. But it was 
 believed that one-fifth of the whole number might be built within five years, 
 and that the others would follow as they should be required. The first two 
 buildings were begun in November, 1891, and will be ready for occupancy 
 on the opening of the university, October 1, 1892. 
 
 The public buildings, university hall, recitation buildings, scientific 
 laboratories, collections buildings, library, chapel, science hall, gymnasium, 
 etc., are the central features of the plan. The dormitories, which, when 
 completed, will accommodate more than two thousand students, are arranged 
 in quadrangles on the four corners of the site. The nearest quadrangle in 
 the view is that of the women, the university giving to women the same 
 advantages as to men. The southwest quadrangle is that of the graduate stu- 
 dents, and on the north are the two intended for undergraduates, and between 
 these will rise the astronomical observatory. 
 
 The recitation building is one hundred and sixty-eight feet Jong and 
 eighty-five feet wide. It is arranged on a somewhat new plan. Each depart- 
 ment of instruction has, instead of one room, a suite of from three to six 
 rooms, in the central one of which is the departmental library or laboratory. 
 
 It is believed that this building will prove to be a model recitation hall. 
 It is estimated to cost $150,000, and is of course the one building that must be 
 had before the university can begin the work of instiuction. 
 
 A dormitory is now being erected two hundred and seventy feet long, 
 and other buildings will be put up before the opening of the World's Fair. 
 The entire group of the university buildings will be of Blue Bedford stone. 
 The street fronts will be handsome, but all buildings will open, not on the 
 streets, but on the University campus, so that the grounds must be entered 
 to gain entrance to the buildings. 
 
 The University opens its doors to students and begins its work on Octo- 
 ber 1, 1892. The attendance for the first year promises to be very large, as 
 studeuts have been reporting their names for two years. 
 
 New Departure in Education. — The new institution marks a new 
 departure in educational methods. 
 
 1. It continues in operation the year round. There will be four quar- 
 ters of twelve weeks each, with a vacation of one week between the end of one 
 quarter and the beginning of the next. Each quarter is divided into two 
 terms of six weeks each. 
 
 2. All courses of instruction are classified as majors and minors, the 
 major requiring from ten to twelve hours of classroom work each week, the 
 minor four to six hours. Each student takes, as a rule, one major and one 
 minor study at a time. 
 
 3. Professors and students may take their vacations in any quarter, u? 
 may take any two terms for their vacations, one in one part of the year and 
 the other in another part, or, if able, may work the entire year. 
 
 A teacher who teaches three full years of forty-eight weeks each, will 
 
292 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 be entitled to a full year's vacation on full pay. A student by working the 
 year round may complete the full college course in three years. 
 
 4. A student may enter at the beginning of any quarter or any term. 
 All students are admitted on examination, and may enter any stage of the 
 c ,urse for which they are prepared. 
 
 These arrangements are proving equally attractive to professors and stu- 
 dents, and seem to promise great advantages to both. The university has in 
 hand and in sight assets amounting to about $3,000,000, above two-thirds of 
 which will be in the form of a permanent endowment fund. It is now 
 appealing to the citizens of Chicago for $1,000,000 as a building fund. It is 
 also confidently believed that the endowments will be so increased as to insure 
 for Chicago one of the great universities of the world. 
 
 University School. — New building located at Dearborn avenue and Elm 
 street, North Side. Take North State street or North Clark street cars. 
 The building is three stories, 50 by 90 feet, of the Gothic order, and cost 
 $100,000. The exterior is plain and simple, of terra cotta for the first course 
 up to eight feet in height, above which the walls rise in brown stone. The 
 ornamentation is in terra cotta and brown stone. The basement entrance 
 opens to a large area, a shelter for bicycles. From thisopen the boys' manual 
 training school, 20 by 65 feet, in which are turning lathes and all appliances 
 for manual training confined to a complete course as applied to woodwork. 
 Adjoining this are two bowling alleys of the regulation length, sixty-five 
 feet. Near by is the swimming bath, chemical laboratory, with concrete 
 floor, the special apparatus for ventilation, boilers, engine-rooms, etc. The 
 first floor, from an arched entrance, shows the court room, embellished with 
 classical emblems sculptured in stone. In this room each boy has a separate 
 locker. Near by is the lavatory and the fire-proof light well. The main 
 study, a room fifty feet square with fourteen foot ceiling, is so arranged that 
 all pupils receive the light over the left shoulder as they bend over their 
 books. The room is cheered by fire grates and heated by hot water. The 
 room for advanced classes in the classics is adjoining. It is 17 by 35 feet and 
 its walls are ornamented with busts of heroic characters, plates, etc. The 
 reception room and office of the master is on this floor. The second floor is 
 arranged as a wheel, with an office in the center and halls radiating to the 
 various recitation rooms, which are 16 by 20 feet to accommodate each 
 fifteen boys. These rooms are decorated on walls and corners with emblems 
 of the particular study pursued. The thiid floor has a large gymnasium, 
 fitted up by Dr. Sargent, of Harvard. The dressing and bath rooms are on 
 the same floor. The room for free-hand and mechanical drawing adjoins it. 
 There is a running track, elevated eleven feet from the floor, which encircles 
 this large room. In this room, which can be readily closed, the boys are put 
 through the manual of arms in military drill. The kitchen, luncheon-room 
 and visitors' gallery are on a level with this broad running track. 
 
 The University School prepares boys for colleges, universities or scien- 
 tific schools. E. C. Coulter, the master, a graduate of Felix Academy, of 
 Andover and of Princeton College, taught in New England five years. Thi 
 school is three years old. It is undenominational, owned and controlled by 
 an association of Chicago's leading men. The school trustees are Cyrus H 
 McCormick, F. B. Peabody, General George W. Smith, John P. Wilson, W. 
 D. Kerfoot, Abram Poole E. C. Coulter. Among the stockholders are W. 
 
 t 
 
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 H 
 
 n 
 
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 r-i O 
 
 1 r 
 
 6 8 
 
 •— ^ Q. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 203 
 
 M. Hoyt, H. H. Porter, Potter Palmer, Henry Field, George Sturges, E. B. 
 McCagg, William H. Bradley, L. Z. Leiter, George M. Pullman, John John- 
 son, Jr., J. W. Farlin, L.Schmidt, E. S. Dreyer, E. F. Lawrence, C. B. 
 King. A. R. Smith, J. G. Coleman, L. W. Bodeman, James H. Walker, E. 
 R. Ryerson and F. H. Winston. 
 
 Western Theological Seminary.— Located at 1113 Washington blvd.; take 
 We^t Madison street cable line to California avenue ; founded by the late 
 Dr. Tolman Wheeler, of Chicago, as an Episcopal Theological Seminary. 
 Dr. Wheeler built and equipped two buildings and partially endowed the 
 institution. There is also ground room for additional structures, and accom- 
 modations could be provided for one hundred students. The buildings are 
 situated on Washington boulevard, the principal avenue of the West Side, 
 about four miles from the lake and in the vicinity of Garfield Park. The 
 main building contains the Chapel, Refectory, Library, Lecture Rooms and 
 apartments for resident instructors. A second building contains accommo- 
 dations for about thirty students. Both buildings are heated by steam, and 
 are furnished with the best modern equipments for their respective purposes. 
 The aim of this Seminary is, in the words of the charter, " the education of 
 fit persons in the Catholic Faith, in its purity and integrity, as taught in the 
 Holy Scriptures, held by the Primitive Church, summed up in the Creeds, 
 and affirmed by the undisputed General Councils." While, therefore, its 
 principal work is the preparation of Candidates for Holy Orders, neverthe- 
 less, any fit persons, clergymen or laymen, and whether looking forward to 
 the sacred ministry or not, are received as students or admitted to attendance 
 upon the lecture courses of the Seminary under proper conditions. It is 
 intended to afford every opportunity and assistance to theological students in 
 preparing themselves for the examinations required by the canons of the 
 Church for admission to Holy Orders, and in fitting themselves for the 
 priestly life and work. 
 
 The board of Trustees is composed as follows : The Bishop of Chicago, 
 president ; the Bishop of Quincy, the Bishop of Springfield, the Bishop of 
 Indiana, the Rev. Clinton Locke, D. D.; the Rev. F. W. Taylor, D. D. and 
 Mr. D. B. Lyman, the Rev. J. H. Knowles, the Rev. Richard F. Sweet, Mr. 
 Corning S. Judd, Mr. Edwin H. Sheldon; Mr. Charles R. Larrabee, treasurer. 
 
 Faculty. — The Board of Instruction is as follows: The Rt. Rev. Will- 
 iam E. McLaren, D. D , D. C. L., Dean, Dogmatic Theology; The Rt. Rev. 
 George F. Seymour, D. D.,LL. D., Ecclesiastical History; The Rev. William 
 J. Gold, S. T. D., Liturgies and Exegesis; The Rev. Francis J. Hall, M. A., 
 Theology; The Rev. F. P. Davenport, S. T. D., Canon Law. Rev. J. J. 
 Elmendorf, D. D , Moral Theology, and Apologetics; Rev. J. G. H. Barry, 
 Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis. 
 
 Course of Study. — The course of study, as at present arranged, provides 
 for a period of five years. The curriculum is homogeneous throughout; 
 nevertheless, for the last three years it comprehends the usual studies of the 
 Candidate for Holy Orders. The tollowing is a scheme of ihe five years' 
 course: First year — Latin, Physics, English Literature, Greek, History, Rudi- 
 ments of Theology. Second year— Latin, Greek, Readings from the Gospels 
 and Early Christian Authors, Logic, Psychology, History, Rudiments of 
 Theology. Third year — Theology," Church History, Liturgies, New Testa 
 ment Exegesis, Readings from the Fathers, Hebrew, Canon Law. Fourth" 
 year — Theology, Church History, Liturgies, New Testament Exegesis, 
 Hebrew, Ecclesiastical Polity and Law. Fifth year — Theology, Church His- 
 tory, Liturgies, Old Testament Exegesis, Ecclesiastical Polity and Law. 
 
294 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO, 
 
 Practice in the Composition and Delivery of Sermons takes place once a 
 week. Particular attention is paid to this subject. Id speaking, the use of a 
 manuscript is not ordinarily permitted. Special instructions are given in 
 Elocution. The Seminary opens September 29th, the Festival of St. Michael 
 and All Angels, and closes about the 1st of June. There is a recess of two 
 weeks at Christmas, and also from Thursday in Holy Week until Easter 
 Tuesday. Students residing in the buildings are subject to a charge of $200 
 per year. This includes board, room, fuel and lights. Washing is done at 
 the Seminary at cost. The charge to students not living in the Seminary is as 
 may be agreed upon. Letters to the Dean should be addressed to him at 64 
 Astor street, Chicago. Letters addressed to instructors and students resident 
 in the Seminary should be addressed to 1113 Washington Boulevard, Chicago. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS— MEDICAL. 
 
 The Medical Colleges of the city are as follows: American College of 
 Dental Surgery, 78 t S2 State St.; Bennett Medical College, Ada and 
 Fulton sts. ; Chicago College op Dental Surgery, Madison st. and Wabash 
 ave. ; Chicago College of Pharmacy, 465 State st. ; Chicago Homeopathic 
 Medical College, Wood and York sts. ; Chicago Medical College, Depart- 
 ment of N. W. University, Prairie ave. and Twenty-sixth St.; Chicago Poli- 
 clinic, Chicago ave.; Chicago Veterinary College, 2537 State St.; Col- 
 lege op Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago, W. Harrison, cor. Honore 
 st.; Getcman American Dental College. 167 and 169 N. Clark St.; Hahne- 
 mann Medical College, 2811 Cottage Grove ave.; Illinois College of 
 Pharmacy, Department of N. W. University, 40 Dearborn St.; Illinois 
 Training School for Nurses, Honore St., near W. Harrison ; North- 
 western College of Dental Surgery, 1203 Wabash ave; Rush 
 Medical College, W. Harrison st., cor. Wood- St. Luke's Hospital 
 Training School for Nurses, 1420 to 1434 Wabash ave.; University 
 Dental College, Department of N. W. University, Twenty-sixth St., 
 cor. Prairie ave.; Woman's Hospital Training School for Nurses, 
 Thirty-second st., n. w. cor. Prairie ave.; Woman's Medical College, 
 335 to 339 S. Lincoln st. 
 
 National Homeopathic College.— Organized in 1892 by a number of physi- 
 cians interested in the new German-American Homeopathic College. The 
 latter has existed only in name. It was founded by Dr. J. Malok, who was 
 the treasurer. Some dispute having arisen it was determined to found a new 
 college, and the faculty of the German-American became members of the 
 faculty of the new institution. Officers: Dr. L.D. Rogers, president; Dr. J. A. 
 Smith, secretary; Dr. W. O. Cheeseman, registrar; Dr. J. A. Printy, dean of 
 the faculty. The faculty of the German-American has been increased by sev- 
 eral important additions. Among them are Dr. Julia Holmes Smith, who is 
 professor of gynaecology; Dr. H. C. Allen, a medical writer of distinction, 
 professor of materia medica; Dr. J. B. S. King, lecturer on chemistry at 
 Hahnemann College; Dr. W. D. Gentry; Dr. H. P. Skiles. professor of 
 orificial surgery, and Dr. Henry Sherry, professor of orthopaedic surgery. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 295 
 
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS— TRAINING SCHOOLS. 
 
 Polytechnic education has within the past ten years received the atten- 
 tion of Chicago people interested in the training of the youth of both 
 sexes. Various training schools have been established here during that time. 
 The Public Manual Training School is treated under the head of "Public 
 Education." [See also " Chicago Manual Training School," under head of 
 "Educational Institutions."] Training schools of another character, how- 
 ever, are referred to below. 
 
 American Brewing Academy. — First course opened September 1, 1891, 
 eight*. tu pupils attending. Second course opened February 1, 1892, with 
 twenty-eight pupils from all parts of the United States. The academy is 
 equipped with a full brewing outfit, including all the different apparatus for 
 the production of beer. Connected with the academy is the scientific station 
 for brewers, where analyses of brewers' materials and products are made and 
 wh^re information is given on brewing. Directors of both the American 
 Biewing Academy and the Scientific Station for brewing are Dr. Robert 
 Wald and Dr. Max Henius. 
 
 Armour Mission Training School— -This institution will probablybe in 
 readiness for the reception of pupils early in the present year. It it con- 
 nected with the Armour Mission, Armour ave. and Thirty-third St., and all 
 expenses connected with it are generously defrayed by" Mr. P. D. Armour. 
 [See "Armour Mission," under head of " Charities."] 
 
 Baptist Missionary Training School. — Located at 2411 Indiana ave. Take 
 Wabash avenue cable line. The first school established in this country 
 devoted to the training of young women for missionary work is the one 
 located in Chicago, conducted by the Women's Baptist Home Mission 
 Society. The society itself is exceptional in being the first organization of 
 the kind composed wholly of women, and was the result of a pressing demand 
 from all parts of the country for missionary work, which only women could 
 do, among women and children. Thirteen years ago so urgently was this 
 need set forth by Miss Joanna P. Moore, who had been a nurse during the 
 war, and remained in New Orleans on her own responsibility to work among 
 the colored people; also by Mrs. C. R. Blackall, who had spent some time in 
 the Indian Territory, and who declared that the need there was epitomized by 
 an Indian woman, who said to her, " We want to live like Christian women, 
 but we don't know how;" and others, who saw in different parts of the coun- 
 try the necessity of wo^k among the women and children of the foreigners, 
 who were then, as now, pouring into this country at the rate of seven and 
 eight hundred thousand per annum, that the ladies of the several Baptist 
 churches in the city decided to organize a society for this work. The repre- 
 sentatives of the different churches throughout the country, excepting those 
 Jrom Boston, were in favor of making Chicago the headquarters of the 
 organization, not only because it had its inception here, but because of the 
 central location. The New England women, however, decided to organize 
 a separate society. The society organized here now has between thirty and 
 forty thousand regular members, and was last year in receipt, from all 
 sources, of between $60,000 and $70,000. 
 
296 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 The most stubborn difficulty which the society found they had to over- 
 come was that of getting competent workers. It was Mrs. Crouse, wife of 
 Dr. J. N. Crouse, who has been the president of the society from its organiza- 
 tion until the present time, who first proposed to eliminate this difficulty by 
 establishing a school where workers could be educated for the kind of work 
 to be done. In 1881 the school, which is now located at 2411 Indiana avp., 
 was established . Here each person to be sent forth not only to teach Christ 
 and him crucified, but also to instruct ignorant women how to make a com- 
 fortable home for their husbands and children, and to set the feet of the little 
 ones in right paths, is taught all that she should know to accomplish both 
 missions successfully. The pupils are each of them instructed in the prin- 
 ciples of frugal living and in the preparation of simple, wholesome food, as 
 well as in physical culture, that they may be able to use their bodies to the 
 best possible advantage, and elocution that they may convey the instruction 
 they have to give in the most effective manner. Not only the expounding 
 of the Scriptures in a bright and forceful way, but also caring for the sick and 
 what to do in case of emergency, are taught eminent divines and skillful 
 physicians and nurses. These missionaries, being prepared to minister to 
 body, mind and soul, are instructed in kindergarten methods, and also in the 
 cutting of garments ana the conduct of industrial schools. 
 
 All this equipment is made doubly thorough by being put in constant 
 practice. Mrs. C. D. Morris, the preceptress of the school, arranges the prac- 
 tice work of each student by dividing that portion of the poverty and vice- 
 stricken part of Chicago lying a few blocks south of Van Buren street and east 
 of State street, into districts, which, under her direction, are visited each week 
 by her pupils. Two of them go together, and with their Bible in their hand, 
 visit each habitation in the district assigned them. With those whom they 
 know they chat of the various interests that enter into their poor lives, giving 
 advice and, if needed, help. If the family is being visited for the first time, 
 inquiry is made in regard to the children, and, if possible, it is arranged to 
 have them attend the industrial school which meets every Saturday morning 
 at the Pacific Mission. 
 
 Missionaries trained at the school here are sent to New York, to Castle 
 Garden, to receive and assist those newly come to our shores, as well as to do 
 other needed work. Indeed, they are sent from this school by the society to 
 all parts of the United States, save New England. Not only are regular 
 missionary workers educated in the school, but many clergymen's wives, 
 Sabbath-school teachers and others take a part of the course . Arrangements 
 are being made to enlarge the buildings owned by the society during the 
 coming years, as those desiring to enter the school are much in excess of the 
 present accommodations. Miss M. G. Burdette, sister of the well-known 
 humorist, has been the efficient secretary of both the mission society and 
 school from their beginning, and has done much toward upbuilding both. 
 
 Illinois Training School for Nurses. — Located at 304 Honore St., West 
 Side. President, Mrs. C. B. Lawrence ; treasurer, Mrs. Henry L. Frank. 
 Founded in 1880. Take Ogden ave. or West Van Buren st. line. The name 
 of the institution sufficiently indicates its purpose. It is in a most prosperous 
 condition. Among recent bequests was one of $50,000 from the late John 
 t>erar. From the last report of the presidf nt it appears that during 1890 the 
 school received a legacy of $20,000 from Miss Phoebe L. Smith. The report 
 adds: "This enabled us to pay the mortgage of $12,000 on the Nurses' Home, 
 and also to finish and furnish the fourth floor of the same. In June oui home 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 29? 
 
 was finished and completely furnished, and with the much desired addition of 
 an elevator. Ten years ago we began with a small and inconvenient house, 
 which we rented. We had two wards in Cook County Hospital, a superin- 
 tendent and eight pupil-nurses . To-day we own , free from debt, the Nurses' 
 Home ana furniture, which have cost not less than $70,000. We have charge of 
 twelve wards in Cook County Hospital and all the nursing in the Presbyterian 
 Hospital, with a superintendent, two assistant superintendents, one night 
 superintendent, 100 pupil-nurses, and twelve probationers; twenty-nine nurses 
 graduated in June. There have been, during the year, 291 applications to 
 enter the school; 106 were received on probation, and sixty of this nurrber 
 were retained as pupil-nurses. Seven nurses have been discharged for cause 
 and two honorably discharged. Five have left the school on account of ill 
 health. There are ninety-eight registered graduates, and there have been 
 1,012 calls for private nurses; 774 were supplied by the directory and 149 by 
 the school. Our nurses have cared for nearly 8,000 patients in Cook County 
 Hospital, and 1,351 in the Presbyterian Hospital. 
 
 Jewish Training School. — Located on Judd street, No. 91, between Clinton 
 and Jefferson streets, West Side. Take Clinton street or West Twelfth street 
 car. Formally dedicated October 19, 1890. Officers and directors — Henry L. 
 Frank, president; Mrs. Joseph Spiegel, vice-president; Leo Fox, treasurer; 
 Rabbi Joseph Stolz, recording secretary; Herman Hefter, financial secretary; 
 Henry Greenebaum, Dr. E. G. Hirsch, H. A. Cohn, Charles H. Schwab, Julius 
 Rosenthal, Mrs. M. Loeb, Mrs. B. Lowenthal, Mrs. E. Mandel, Mrs. Levy 
 Mayer; Mrs. M. Rosenbaum, Mrs. J. Spiegel, directors. School committee: 
 Dr. E. G. Hirsch, chairman; Joseph Stolz, Levy A. Eliel, Mrs. J. Wedeles, 
 Mrs. J. Spiegel, Mrs. B. Lowenthal, Mrs. Levy Mayer, Mrs. M. Loeb, Mrs. E. 
 Mandel, Mrs. M. Rosenbaum, Mrs. L. Schram, and Mr. G. Bamberger, super- 
 intendent. There are over fifteen thousand Jewish refugees in Chicago, and 
 especially for the children of those unfortunate people was the Training School 
 built. Ever since they began to arrive here their brethren have done all they 
 could to assist them to gain a livelihood and become good citizens. The enter- 
 prise was started in 1872, when a training class was organized in the Sinai 
 temple. It was successful, and in 1887 the Jewish Training School was incor- 
 porated under the laws of the State. After the same year a scheme was set 
 on foot to raise $12,000 for the purpose of erecting a suitable building. The 
 next year Mr. Leon Mandel, of New York, a member of the firm of Mandel 
 bius., of this city, gave the committee $20,000. This, together with an 
 endowment fund raised from life-memberships and the legacy of Max. A. 
 Meyer, assured the financial success of the project. The school now has over 
 five hundred members and thirty life members. The building is tasteful 
 though not pretentious. It is a three-story brick structure, with pediment and 
 trimmings of brown stone. In the basement are a machine shop, carpenter 
 shop, modeling room, plaster work room, wash and bath rooms. Through 
 too center of the building runs a broad hall, leading from which are three 
 rooms to the kindergarten. In the rear are three class rooms and the superin- 
 tendent's office. On the second floor are four class rooms, two of which are 
 so arranged that the whole may be thrown together, forming an assembly 
 room. This large hall is also used for gymnastic exercises and music. The 
 tlr'rd floor is occupied by a laboratory, teachers' rooms and additional class 
 rooms. The building cost over $00,000. There have been annexed two cot- 
 tages, one east and one west of the school-house, which have been arranged 
 
298 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 for the sewing department (east) and the Sloyd department (west). The schoo) 
 has a physician, who is teacher and physician at the same time, and he has tc 
 see to the proper physical education of the pupils and to everything that 
 comes under hygiene. The doctor's office is in the cottage west of the school. 
 Twenty-two teachers are employed. The aim of this school is to Americanize 
 its pupils by means of a very liberal education. Manual training is intro- 
 duced in alf classes, from the Kindergarten to the highest Grammar depart- 
 ment. Proper workshops are connected with the class rooms in all depart- 
 ments. ' Harmonious development is the watchword. The school is non-sec- 
 tarian; every poor child is welcome and admitted. Tuesday is official visiting 
 day. The school hours are from 9 to 12 and from 1 to 3 o'clock. The Kin- 
 dergarten has but one session, from 9 to 12. There is also a night school con- 
 nected with the day school, for those above the school age. This night school 
 has two departments, male and female; the average attendance of both is three 
 hundred pupils. They are taught four times a week, from 7:30 to 9:30 p. m., 
 by eight teachers. The study of the English language is the main object. 
 Each department is graded in four classes. In the lowest class are such who 
 begin with the a b c of the English language, while in the highest classes are 
 such who can read, write and understand the language sufficiently to take a 
 course of bookkeeping, commercial correspondence and arithmetic. They 
 receive in all classes instruction in American history and geography. The 
 female department receives also instruction in needle work, from the plainest 
 stitch in sewing to cutting and fitting of a waist, and machine sewing. 
 
 Training ScJioolsfor Boys and Girls. — There are several charitable train- 
 ing schools for boys ia Chicago and vicinity. The Illinois School of 
 Agriculture and Manual Training School for Boys, formerly known as 
 The Illinois Industrial School for Boys, was dedicated during 1890 at 
 Glenwood. Take the Eastern Illinois railroad, Dearborn station, foot of 
 Dearborn st. This school was moved from Norwood Park to a beautiful 
 farm near the suburb named above. The farm, which was the gift of Mr. 
 Milton George, consists of 300 acres, and is about a mile west of Glenwood 
 station. It is a beautiful body of land, with a rolling surface dotted with an 
 occasional cluster of trees. A sparkling stream of clear fresh water cuts 
 through the center of the farm. This school derives a small revenue from 
 the county. According to its contract with the county it can only receive pay 
 for 110 boys, no matter how many more than this number may be actually 
 committed to the institution within a year. The amount allowed is $8 per 
 month per boy, and only partially provides for maintenance and tuition. 
 The deficiency is made up by the charitable people belonging to the associa- 
 tion. This institution was chartered in February, 1887, and since the opening 
 of the school about 500 dependent boys have been placed in its care by order of 
 the court. These boys have been trained for lives of usefulness and industry, 
 and in many cases have been furnished with comfortable homes in the coun- 
 try. Starting three years ago with a debt of $6,000, the school now owns 
 property to the value of $150,000, and is doing a work in reclaiming unfortu- 
 nate boys that can not be overestimated. The president or the institution is 
 Mr. Franklin H. Head ; vice-president, Milton George ; treasurer, John T. 
 Chumasero ; secretary and general agent, Oscar L. Dudley ; superintendent 
 of the school, Mrs. U. L. Harrison. City office, Room 27, 113 Adams St. 
 
 Mrs. Ursula L. Harrison, the superintendent of the school, says she has 
 found the children sent her to be like marble in the rough, requiring only to 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 299 
 
 be chiseled with patience and polished with love to fashion many pure and 
 lovely characters" that may become bright and shining lights in the world. 
 The hardest task is to inspire confidence in the child and inculcate in him the 
 idea of self-support and independence. The boys are frequently received in 
 the home in a state of abject misery. If reclaimed at an early age there is 
 enough physical and mental vitality remaining in which morals may be 
 planted and" take root and grow. It is hard for them to submit to discipline 
 and to grasp the ideas of moral training, but patience and kindness have 
 brought many an unruly boy to a halt before he plunged over the precipice 
 from which so few ever return. 
 
 The training school act, as it stands, reaches a class of boys more deserv- 
 ing than any other of being rescued from the depths of indigence and of 
 being placed in institutions best equipped to safely guide them in the path of 
 integrity and self-reliance. As a rule, the boys entitled to claim assistance 
 under this act have committed no serious misdemeanor against the laws. 
 Their greatest misfortune arises from the fact that they are deprived of 
 proper guardianship, and, consequently, left to the charity of, a world that 
 knows little of and cares still less for the wants of the half-clad, homeless 
 boy. If left to themselves these lads must either starve or live by their wits, 
 and to live by their wits means that they will ultimately join the ranks of the 
 criminal class, to become a menace to the welfare of the State. 
 
 St. Mary's Training School for Boys is a Catholic institution, in charge of 
 the Christian Brothers, under the direction of the Archbishop of Chicago, 
 in whose honor the little village of Feehanvile has been named. In 1890 
 the average number of boys at the school was 300, of whom 195 were sent by 
 the county. The system of training these boys may be briefly stated : The 
 lads are kept busy at work, play or study, and appropriate rewards are 
 bestowed on those whose good conduct and efficiency in tasks deserve 
 recognition. That such a system should have beneficial results is obvious. 
 The contrast presented by the inmates of this school, boys well trained in 
 head, in hand and in heart, and those more unfortunate youths so pitilessly 
 plunged in penal institutions may easily be imagined . As the kind superin- 
 tendent of St. Mary's observes, The word "pitilessly" is very applicable^ in 
 this connection. A number of these boys drift into the house of correction 
 by reason of circumstances beyond their control, and, be it said to their 
 credit, many of th^m would prefer to lead an upright life, but being destitute 
 of friends and the advantages of an education, the dreary career of the crimi- 
 nal is the only alternative left to them. St. Mary's Training School was 
 established to help save these unfortunate waifs, and ever since its inception 
 the^ school has been taxed to its utmost resources. As it depends almost 
 entirely upon voluntary contributions for its support, financial or other assist- 
 ance is always gratefully welcomed, aud contributors may be certain that all 
 donations will be judiciously applied. The school department consists of 
 five well-graded classes, in which every effort is made to give the boys a 
 practical elementary education. This is supplemented by a graded course of 
 manual training in the various branches of industry taught in the institution. 
 The printing, shoemaking, tailoring, baking, carpentering and blacksmithing 
 trades are taught, and the pupils are also made familiar with the outdoor 
 work of the farm, including the dairy, gardens and cattle yards. The farm, 
 by the way, is a most interesting and important adjunct of Feehanville. It 
 consists of 440 acres of cultivated ground, pasture and timber land. None of 
 the produce is sold, so that the boys are quick to realize that the fruits of their 
 labors will later greet them on the well-supplied tables. 
 
300 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 The majority of boys received at St. Mary's have already reached the age 
 of twelve and upward, but their previous schooling has been so brief that in 
 most cases the child's primer is their first introduction to educational knowl- 
 edge. With the development of their intellectual faculties their physical 
 powers must be strengthened, and these results are best attained by the alter- 
 nate half-day's schooling and exercise ie manual labor which, together with 
 a wholesome diet and a proper attention to the laws of hygiene, soon bring 
 color to the cheeks and lend vigor to the frame. It is surprising what apti- 
 tude the pupils manifest both in the school-room and the work-shops, and 
 before leaving the institution the boys become so expert in the trades learned 
 that they have no trouble to obtain situations and thus earn an honest living, 
 which is the great object of the school. 
 
 In addition to these schools for boys there are the Chicago Industrial School 
 for girls at Indiana avenue and Forty-ninth street, a branch of St. Mary's 
 Training School, and the Girls' Industrial School at South Evanston, of 
 which Mrs. M. R. M. Wallace is president. Both these institutions receive 
 $10 a month per capita from the county for all inmates legally committed, 
 and in addition, the county is compelled to clothe every girl received. The 
 act under which these schools were incorporated is a trifle more liberal in 
 its workings than the training school act, but still it is largely due to the 
 noble efforts of the ladies and sisters in these excellent institutions that they 
 have been able to carry on the grand work undertaken. 
 
 ^ The Industrial School at South Evanston may be reached either by the 
 Chicago & North-Western or the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad. 
 Trains run frequently through the day. 
 
 The Hyde Park Auxiliary Society of the Illinois Industrial School for 
 Girls has in contemplation the erection of a cottage to be known by the name 
 of the society, and in which it will support a small number ot young girls. 
 The present quarters of the school at South Evanston are not considered 
 suitable and the board of lady managers is taking steps to dispose of it. With 
 the proceeds and additional aid from the State suitable buildings will be 
 erected on a forty-acre tract owned by the board at Park Ridge. It is on this 
 tract the Hyde Park Auxiliary Society intends erecting a cottage. 
 
 .EXPRESS COMPANIES. 
 
 European visitors will do well to acquaint themselves with the methods 
 of the great express companies of this, country. The system of forwarding 
 parcels, goods, orders, money, and of making collections and performing 
 commissions in vogue in the United States, is unknown abroad. 
 
 Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express.— Organized in 1852, and incorporated in 
 1866; they transact a general express and banking business, and the under- 
 takings of Wells, Fargo & Co's Express are classified as follows-, viz: 
 
 It carries and delivers money, valuable parcels, packages, merchandise, 
 letters, etc. Collects bills, drafts, notes, coupons, dividends and other 
 papers. Fills commissions, records deeds, pays taxes for non-residents, serves 
 legal papers, etc. Attends to orders for goods and household supplies, to be 
 returned by express. Reclaims baggage, etc., at depots and hotels and 
 redeems goods in pawn. Attends to passengers and baggage coming or going 
 on foreign travel; and to transportation of goods in bond. Pays money by 
 telegraph between all its principal agencies and with unequaled promptness; 
 
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 
 THE SKANDINAVEN BUILDING, 183-187 N. PEORIA ST. 
 
 [See tl Newspapers."] 
 
_ 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 301 
 
 payments made, when requested, at local addresses. Sells money orders at 
 all its offices in the United States, which are remitted in letters and payable at 
 over 10,000 places; re eipts for which are given and reclaimation can be made for 
 lost orders; insurance companies, co-operative associations, publishing houses, 
 merchants, etc., find it to their interest to request the use of express money 
 orders. In addition to the operations of the iBanks of the Company at New 
 York, San Franciso, Salt Lake, Virginia and Carson, orders for Foreign and 
 Domestic Exchange are taken at all its offices. 
 
 Wells, Fargo & Co's Express is the only through line sanctioned by the 
 United States Government for the immediate transportation of merchandise 
 and passengers' baggage in bond between the Atlantic and Pacific; they have 
 been constituted by the Government of the United States (under the law of 
 June 10, 1880), a bonded line for the transportation of merchandize and pas- 
 sengers' baggage without examination from New York and San Francisco, 
 forming with their leased and tributary lines the only through express line 
 from ocean to ocean, and reaching nearly every important point in the West, 
 Northwest, Southwest and Mexico and Canada. 
 
 Consignments from interior foreign points can be made to the Company 
 through the nearest Seaport where it is represented by a resident agent or cor- 
 respondent. 
 
 This Company also undertakes to simplify and reduce the irksome formal- 
 ities of foreign travel, inward and outward bound, and piloting travelers 
 through the intricacies of transfer at New York and San Francisco. It is, 
 also, an express forwarder to London, Paris, Hamburg, and all parts of 
 Europe, South America, China and Japan, covering 27,592 miles of railroad 
 lines, 2,950 miles of stage lines, 530 miles of inland steamers and 9,36 smiles 
 of ocean steamers. 
 
 Location of Express Offices. — The Express Companies doing business in 
 Chicago, are: The Adams Express Company, 189 Dearborn st. ; The Ameri- 
 can Express Company, 12 Monroe st.; Baldwin's European and Havanna 
 Express, 187 Dearborn st.; Baltimore & Ohio Express, 89-91 Washington 
 st.; Northern Pacific Express Company, 81 Dearborn st ; Pacific Express 
 Company, 89-91 Washington St.; United States Express Company, 89-91 
 Washington st. ; Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express, 154 and 156 Dearborn st. The 
 Adams, American and United States Express Companies have their own 
 buildings, two of them — the Adams and American — biing magnificent struc- 
 tures. The Baltimore & Ohio and the Pacific, have offices in the United 
 States Express building, and conduct their business jointly with the latter 
 company. The Adams Express Company's business is almost entirely East- 
 ern, the Wells-Fargo is Western, the Baltimore & Ohio is confined to the 
 B. & O. System of railways, the Northern Pacific is confined to the N. P. 
 Transcontinental route; the United States and the American cover all parts- 
 of the country. 
 
 Brink's City Express. — This is the largest local express company in the 
 city, and their facilities for the prompt handling of all express and baggage 
 has no equal. They run to all suburban towns, also make regular trips to 
 the World's Fair, have special wagons for making transfers of baggage on 
 short notice from depots to depots. Their express wagons are the finest in the 
 city; they also haveoneof the most commodious storage and warehouse in the 
 city for the storing of merchandise and household goods. Brink's express may 
 
302 GUIDE TO CHCAGO. 
 
 be called by telephone 1754 from any part of the city. General office, 88 
 Washington street; storage and warehouse, 132-138 Monroe street. A. P. 
 Brink, general manager; W. B. Wyne, superintendent. 
 
 GREAT INDUSTRIES OF CHICAGO 
 
 The great industries and great industrial centers of Chicago are among 
 the attractions which we have to offer the visitor. Some of them are among 
 the most remarkable in the world All of them are interesting. We have no 
 London Tower, but we have the Union Stock Yards; we have no Versailles, 
 but we have Pullman. And it is likely that the European visitor, who is tired 
 of the gilded halls of royal palaces and the forbidden walls of ancient prisons, 
 will be refreshed by a visit to the scenes of modern activity which are pre- 
 sented on every side here. The compiler is indebted to Mr. George D. Cope, 
 for much information regarding our iron interests, and to Mr. John Clay, Jr., 
 for facts connected with operations at the Stock Yards. Every branch of 
 productive industry is covered under this classification. The information of 
 a statistical character will be entertaining to all classes of readers, and pecu- 
 liarly so to those who are interested in the application of mechanics. Not the 
 least important matters treated of are the great agricultural, works, the 
 Union Stock Yards and Pullman. 
 
 Iron Ore and Coal Sources. — The iron ore districts from which 
 Chicago obtains her principal supplies lie in Michigan, Wisconsin and Minne- 
 sota. The coke districts lie in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia and 
 Kentucky. Coal suitable for steam raising and for use in heating and pud- 
 dling is, however, obtained near at hand, being mined in both Indiana and 
 Illinois. Petroleum is extensively used for fuel in Chicago iron and steel 
 works. It is conveyed in pipes fromLima, Ohio, to the city. Thefollowing 
 statement will show the distances over which these materials are transported 
 to reach Chicago. The longest all-rail haul of Lake Superior iron ore to 
 Chicago blast furnaces is from the Vermilion range mines in Minnesota. The 
 distance is 690 miles. Only a limited quantity of ore has taken that route, 
 but the practicability of winter haulage has been demonstrated. This dis- 
 tance by lake and rail combined from the Minnesota mines to Chicago is 
 about 1,020 miles, of which 70 miles comprises the rail haul to Two Har- 
 bors, and the remaining distance covers the lake haul across Lake Superior, 
 through the Sault Ste. Marie and the Straits of Mackinac, and up Lake Michi- 
 gan to Chicago. The Gogebic mines, in northern Wisconsin and Michigan, 
 whose shipping point to Chicago is Escanaba, on Lake Michigan, are 49C 
 miles from Chicago by rail and lake, but by all rail they are much nearer, 
 say 400 miles in round numbers. The mines of the Marquette range, in 
 northern Michigan, whose main shipping port for Chicago is also Escanaba, 
 aie about 375 miles from Chicago by lake and rail, the rail haul to Escanaba 
 running about 75 miles. The all-rail route to Chicago would be about 400 
 miles, or the same distance as from the Gogebic mines. The Menominee 
 range mines are situated nearer to Chicago than the mines of the other Lake 
 Superior districts, being only about 300 miles by rail. By rail and lake, they 
 are 375 miles from Chicago. Of this distance, 75 miles cover the rail haul 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 303 
 
 from the mines to Escanaba, on Lake Michigan. All these figures seem for- 
 midable, but lake freight rates are remarkably low for the distance covered, 
 and the rail rates are also very reasonable on account of water competition, 
 as well as competition between several lines of railroad traversing this sec- 
 tion. Coming next to coke, another set of long-distance figures is encoun- 
 tered. Coke is hauled to Chicago entirely by rail. It is drawn from several 
 sources of supply — namely, the Connellsville and Reynoldsville regions in 
 Pennsylvania and northern and southern districts of West Virginia. The 
 shortest haul is from the Connellsville region, say 525 miles. The Reynolds- 
 ville, or Rochester and Pittsburg, coke district is easily 625 miles from Chi- 
 cago. The Northern coke region of West Virginia is about 535 miles, and 
 the southern district 600 miles. The bituminous coal used by manufacturers is 
 obtained to a slight extent from western Pennsylvania, to a greater extent 
 from Ohio and Indiana, but principally from the coal fields of Illinois. 
 When drawn from western Pennsylvania it is hauled Twrail atleast 500 miles; 
 when obtained from Ohio, it is transported from 3C0 to 375 miles, and from 
 Indiana about 175 miles. Thecoal fields of Illinoisare but 50 to 75milesfrom 
 Chicago. Crude oil is now an important raw material to numerous Chicago 
 manufacturers, who use it for fuel. The principal source of supply is the 
 Lima district, in Ohio, whence a pipe line 200 miles longrunsto the southern 
 part of the city. These figures are not given as absolute distances, but are 
 approximately correct, inasmuch as the various districts tapped are them- 
 selves of large extent. They serve to show, however, that the manufactur- 
 ers of Chicago have had to conquer formidable disadvantages in establishing 
 their various enterprises. How well they have succeeded is known to the 
 world. Notwithstanding their remoteness from essential raw materials, they 
 have had countervailing advantages which have enabled them to build up 
 enormous plants, with possibilities of great future growth. The most influ- 
 ential advantages in making Chicago a great manufacturing center have been 
 and are its magnificent transportation facilities. 
 
 Water Transportation — Although Chicago is termed an inland city, 
 because it is nearly a thousand miles from the ocean, it possesses vast marine 
 interests through its location on Lake Michigan, one of the chain of great 
 lakes stretching along our northern frontier. The magnitude of the lake 
 traffic is shown by the statistics collected by the government. (See Maritime 
 Interests.) A limited means of water communication in a southern direction 
 is enjoyed in the Illinois and Michigan canal, extending from Chicago to the 
 Illinois river, navigable for light craft thence to the Mississippi river. The 
 freight transported over this route in 1889 aggregated 917,047 tons. An am- 
 bitious scheme in this direction, which has been undertaken by the city of 
 Chicago, contemplates the construction of a grand water-way, not less than 
 160 feet wide and not less than eighteen feet deep from Lake Michigan to Lock- 
 port, 111., for the improvement of low-water navigation of the Illinois and 
 Mississippi rivers as well as to afford sanitary relief to Chicago. It is expected 
 that the United States government will co-operate in making the connecting 
 rivers navigable for large vessels, so that the lake and the Mississippi river 
 traffic may interchange. Another water-way, called the Hennepin canal, is 
 projected across the upper part of the State of Illinois, also to connect with 
 the Mississippi river. 
 
304 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Railroad Transportation.— The railroads, however, are the chief fac- 
 tor in conducting the trade and commerce of Chicago. No other ciry in tlie 
 world is so well supplied with railroad lines. Twenty-six independei t roads 
 ran out of the city, diverging to all parts of the United States, Canada and 
 Mexico. These railroads, with their branches and immediate connections, 
 have a total length of over half of the total mileage of the railroads 
 of the country. A belt railroad encircling the city connects with all 
 lines, enabling freight to be easily transferred from one to another without 
 breaking bulk. The immense traffic of this character, however, hasso farout- 
 grown the facilities afforded by the beltroadreferred to thattwo otherintercept- 
 ing lines have sprungintoexistence,oneof which encirclesthe city at a distance 
 of twenty-five to forty miles from it. This line is known as the " Joliet Cut- 
 Off." The third belt road, which is known as the Chicago and Calumet 
 Terminal, traverses part of the intermediate territory, intersects a number of 
 important railroads, and will ultimately connect with all lines. To still 
 furlher facilitate the interchange of freight cars among the various railroad 
 lines, a great union transfer yard is being constructed on the west side of the 
 cily. The^e railroads and their belt-line connections have established a mul- 
 titude of junction points in the immediate vicinity of Chicago, possessing 
 transportation facilities of the most complete character for industrial enter- 
 prises. Raw materials originating on the route of any railroad are thus easily 
 delivered to a factory on any other line by a short transfer, practically taking 
 every Chicago railroad to the doors of every Chicago factory. Manufactur- 
 ing products are likewise distributed without difficulty over the region trav- 
 ersed by every railroad line. These facilities havestimulated the growth of an 
 unusually large number of manufacturing towns as suburbs of Chicago. 
 Among such suburbs the town of Pullman has become famous by reason of 
 its having been built with a special view to providing workmen with comfort- 
 able homes, pleasant surroundings, and everything necessary for their con- 
 venience and social enjoyment. 
 
 Calumet Iron and Steel Company. — Works located at Cummings, near 
 South Chicago, about twelve miles from the Court House. Take train at 
 Van B iren Street depot, Van Buren and Sherman sts., or at Dearborn Sta- 
 tion, Fourth ave. and Polk St., or at Union depot, Canal and Adams sts. 
 The blast furnace is eighty feet high, with a 11% foot bosh ; it is equipped 
 with one Massick & Crookes and three Siemens Cowper-Cochrane stoves, 
 and two blowing engines. The rolling mill has thirty-eight puddling fur- 
 naces, six scrap and six heating furnaces, and three trains of rolls — 9, 14 
 and 22 inch. In the puddling department the waste heat is utilized from 
 eight double furnaces to raise steam in eight upright Hazleton boilers, and 
 the system is soon to be extended to twelve. A nail factory with 132 nail 
 machines, and steel works with four 4-ton open-hearth furnaces are at pres- 
 ent in disuse. These works have about five miles of railroad track with 
 rolling stock for carrying raw materials ; also have a good slip, with facili- 
 ties for loading and unloading vessels on the Calumet river, emptying into 
 Lake Michigan. They employ, outside of the nail factory, about 1,200 men. 
 The annual consumption of raw material is 100,000 gross tons of ore and 
 cinder; 65.000 net tons of coke; 23 000 net tons of limestone; 40,000 net tons 
 of scrap iron; 26 000 net tons of pig iron; 37,000 net tons of muck and scrap 
 bar; 80,000 net tons of coal; 10,000 net tons of sand; 50,000 barrels of fuel 
 oil. They produce 51.000 gross tons of foundry and Bessemer pig iron; 
 45,000 net tons of muck and scrap bar; 50,000 net tons of merchant bar. 
 
[.Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 
 ENTRANCE TO THE CHICAGO OPERA HOUSE. 
 
 LSee "Amusements."] 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 305 
 
 Columbia Steel Car Company. — Organized for the purpose of building 
 steel railroad cars; shops located in the township of Maine, on a tract of 600 
 acres, recently purchased. It lies on both sides of the Desplaines river, 
 between Desplaines and Park Ridge. The company manufactures railroad 
 cars of all descriptions — postal, baggage, passenger coaches and freight — 
 entirely out of steel, and is already doing a large business. Its postal cars 
 have been running for over a year on different railroads. The offices of the 
 company are at room 14, Rialto building. 
 
 Grain Elevators. — The visitor to Chicago will be surprised and interested 
 by a visit to some of the great grain elevators of the city. [See Elevator 
 Storage Capacity.] The greatest elevators in the world are to be found here, 
 and they are more numerous than in any other city on earth. A few figures 
 in relation to one of them will serve as a description for all. A grain eleva- 
 tor of the first-class costs about $500,000; 12,000,000 feet of lumber is con- 
 sumed in its construction; the outside brick wall is sixteen inches thick; a 
 fire wall, two feet thick, usually divides the building in the middle; the 
 height is about 155 feet; length, 155 feet; as a protection against fire iron 
 ladders run this entire height and on all floors there are electric push buttons 
 communicating with annunciators in engine room, and in the latter depart- 
 ment there is also a fire pump with a capacity equaling that of four steam 
 fire engines. Two hundred barrels of water, each accompanied by a couple 
 of iron pails, are scattered about over different floors, and twenty -two chem- 
 ical fire extinguishers are placed at convenient stations throughout the struct- 
 ure; forty-five fire-plugs, to each of which is attached 1,000 feet of two and 
 one-half inch rubber hose, together with fourteen fire alarm boxes, about 
 complete the precautionary measures for combating the devouring element; 
 the superintendent and chief engineer are located at opposite extremities of 
 the bulky framework, the one in a separate brick office building, with an 
 electric instrument within reach, by which he is enabled to converse with the 
 heads of departments, and the other in a large two-story, fireproof brick 
 building, where he takes pleasure in showing visitors a little bottle of river 
 water after it has been transmogrified in passing through the granile filter. 
 Once every week a fire drill is ordered, the time of turning in an alarm for 
 which is known only to the watchmen in charge. When the alarm is 
 sounded every man takes his place, but no water is thrown. These drills 
 demonstrate that the structure may be deluged with water in exactly 
 seven seconds. It requires 100 employesto run a grain elevator; to move the 
 ponderous machinery a 1,000 horse-power Compound Corliss engine is 
 required, making fifty-six revolutions per minute without varying one revo- 
 lution in a day's run. This isoueof the most elaborately finished pieces of 
 mechanism in existence, and was constructed at a cost of $50,000. The 
 diameter of the drive-wjueel is twenty feet, and that of the shaft eighteen 
 inches. Crank bins fourteen inches in diameter and fourteen-inch steel pin3 
 are provided, the momentum of which adds impetusto the work of the engine. 
 The main btjs is of rubber, 200 feet in length and 5 feet in width. It is the 
 largest bit of ribbon ever manufactured from any material by any firm for 
 any purpose, requiring special machinery in its construction. The chimney 
 of the elevator has a 14-foot base and an altitude of 154 feet. 
 
 The manner of handling the grain by these great warehouses is as fol- 
 lows: Upon leaving the cars the grain falls through an iron grating into the 
 hopper beneath the floor, and is immediately carried by the elevator buckets 
 
306 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 up to the cupola, a distance of 155 feet. There it is discharged over the 
 "heads" of the elevators into scale hoppers, twelve in number, each having 
 a capacity of 2,000 bushels. The first, or receiving floor, is twenty feet in 
 height. The second is called the bin floor. There are 379 bins, or, since a 
 portion of them are divided into three partitions, 428 receptacles in all* each 
 M feet in depth, and made to hold from 1.700 to 6,500 bushels, the latter 
 figures representing the capacity of the 379 undivided cribs. Above this 
 floor is the " spout," " turn-table," or " revolver " floor, as it is variously 
 designated. Around each spout are grouped in a circle a dozen or more 
 funnels. The spout revolves and readily connects with these funnels, and by 
 having a number of these revolvers grain is distributed to any of the bins. 
 Next is the scale floor, where twenty-eight large Fairbanks scales do the 
 weighing, and then comes two shaft or machinery floors. 
 
 Arriving at the scale floor we find the car loads of grain have been 
 weighed and are being distributed by means of the revolvers into the different 
 bins, according to the various grades. In a small office on the scale floor is 
 a long blackboard lined off into squares and marked with the number of each 
 bin. The grain is never moved without being first weighed, and this slate 
 enables the weigher at a glance to tell what kind and how much grain he has 
 on hand. 
 
 When it is desired to ship grain it is drawn from the bins into a hopper 
 on the ground floor, taken up shipping elevators, twelve in number, and dis- 
 charged into garners above the shipping scales, sixteen in number, and 
 weighed by draughts of 500 bushels at a time, which are equal to 28,000 
 pounds. It is now run into a shipping bin, whence it is conveyed to the hold 
 of a vessel, for which purpose there dangle from the side of the building 
 sixteen dock spouts. If shipment by rail is desired, a separate track for that 
 purpose enters the warehouse, and the cars are loaded in much the same 
 manner as are vessels, with this exception, that as the grain enters the car it 
 is thrown, by means of an improved bifurcated car loader, in opposite direc- 
 tions, so that both ends of the car are filled simultaneously. On the land 
 side of the building is a long row of windows where wagons may be loaded. 
 
 The "marine leg" is worth describing. It is a device ninety feet in 
 length, vertical, consisting of an endless belt in a movable leg, to which belt 
 is attached buckets capable of carrying eighteen pounds each. The elevator 
 is carried on guides, and will lift sixty feet, taking grain from the hold of 
 the largest propeller at the rate of 10,000 bushels an hour. With the marine 
 leg, vessels holding 50,000 bushels are unloaded in five hours. 
 
 Our elevatois are supplied throughout with every known improvement 
 for successfully conducting this branch of business. 'Facilities for handling 
 hundreds of tons of grain by means of the elevators are complete. Either a 
 single one or the entire twenty-eight elevators may be run or thrown out of 
 gear at the will of the operators, and the stuff may be tossed about from the 
 bottom to the top of the gigantic building and back again, or from one end 
 of it to the other and return, without the loss of scarcely a berry. On Sep- 
 tember 25th last, the new propeller America, the greatest carrier on these 
 waters, took her initial cargo, consisting of 95,00b bushels of corn, in ono 
 hour and twenty-five minutes. 
 
 Grant Locomotive Works. — Located at the corner of Sixteenth street and 
 Robinson ave. Take train at Grand Central depot, Fifth avenue and Harri- 
 son street, via the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. Capital, $800,000. 
 Edward T. Jeffery, late general manager of the Illinois Central railroad, is 
 president of the company, which has purchased the somewhat famous tract 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.. ' 307 
 
 )f land known as " Section 21, Cicero." Sixty acres in this tract, at the north- 
 west corner of Sixteenth street and Robinson avenue, have been reserved as a 
 Bite for the locomotive works. The capacity of the works will be about 250 
 locomotives per annum, and the entire- plant will be completed within two 
 years. Preliminary operations will begin this summer. The works will be 
 the only locomotive manufacturing establishment west of Dunkirk, N. Y. 
 and Pittsburg, Pa. The section is bounded upon three sides by Oak Park, 
 Austin, Moreland, Morton Park and La Vergne, while upon the remaining 
 side, the east, lies Chicago. The works will be a little over six miles from 
 the Court-house. The land itself is owned by the Grant Land Association, a 
 corporation organized in connection with the locomotive w T orks company, and 
 the title is vested with David B. Lyman and Edward T. Jeffery, trustees. 
 The Wisconsin Central railroad runs along the north side and the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy along the south side of the tract. Both roads will have 
 depots at Forty-eighth street, and the company says that both will extend 
 their tracks from the main line and enter the heart of the tract at Sixteenth 
 street. The Twelfth street and Ogden avenue street car line is completed to 
 within a short distance of the purchase. One feature of this huge project 
 deserves special notice. It is the purpose of the gentlemen at "the back 
 of this addition to make it one of the great manufacturing points of 
 the vicinity. To aid in the accomplishment of this result a tract of 
 sixty acres has been set apart for manufacturing enterprises. Only 
 first-class establishments will be permitted to locate there. The great 
 locomotive works are sure to be a sort of attraction for other and 
 smaller enterprises, and beyond question this addition will be, in a compar- 
 atively short time, the rival of the leading manufacturing centers of the coun- 
 try. The character of the men and the large capital at their command is a 
 guaranty of this fact. The new addition is located upon section 21, which 
 has formed the basis of some interesting recent litigation. It is about thirty 
 feet above Lake Michigan. The natural drainage is as good as one could 
 wish. To give the reader an adequate idea of the immensity of the locomotive 
 works, it is only necessary to state the dimensions of the different buildings. 
 These are as follows : Machine shop, 110 by 370 feet; erecting shop, 80 by 
 285 feet; blacksmith shop, 80 by 250 feet: hammer shop, 80 by 125 feet; boiler 
 shop, 100 by 250 feet; wood shop, 70 by 230 feet; paint shop, 70 by 170 feet; 
 pattern shop, 60 by 130 feet; foundry, 80 by 260 feet; core-room, 50 by 60 feet; 
 cupola-room, 60 by 80 feet; boiler-room, 50 by 70 feet; dynamo-room, 50 by 
 60 feet; office building, 45 by 130 feet. The total square feet amount to 195,- 
 260. With a mammoth manufacturing concern like this as its foundation, 
 where is the chance to question the future of the enterprise ? The importance 
 of the Grant Locomotive Works will be thoroughly understood when the 
 greatness of Chicago as a railway point is taken into consideration. Center- 
 ing here and having their terminals in Chicago are 60,000 miles of railway. 
 Tributary to these trunk lines and connecting with them are 35,000 miles 
 more. This will closely identify with this great city nearly one hundred 
 thousand miles of railway, and this stupendous mileage makes Chicago the 
 greatest railway center in the world. The railway corporations having their 
 terminals in Chicago own 12,000 locomotives. 
 
 Great Western Locomotive Works. — Recently incorporated by Alfred 
 Skinner, Hugh R. Walker and Thomas A. Wigham. Mr. Walker is a prac- 
 tical manufacturer, Mr. Skinner is a Board of Trade operator, and Mr. Wig- 
 ham is an iron merchant. The financial backing of the enterprise is fur- 
 nished by Chicago men. Copital stock, $l,lC0,00u. it is to employ 2,000 men. 
 
308 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Illinois Steel Company. — In Chicago and its immediate vicinity there are 
 nineteen coke blast furnaces completed or in course of erection. Of these 
 seventeen are owned by the Illinois Steel Company, one by the Calumet Iron 
 and Steel Company, and one by the Iroquois Furnace Company. The fur- 
 naces not completely finished comprise four which are being added to the 
 South Chicago plant of the Illinois Steel Company, and one which is being 
 built by the Iroquois Furnace Company, in the same locality. Engaged in 
 the manufacture of steel, or rolling iron and steel into shapes of various 
 forms, there are seventeen separate plants, of which four belong to the Illi- 
 nois Steel Company. Included among these are five Bessemer Steel works, 
 two Robert-Bessemer works, three open-hearth steelworks, and one crucible 
 works. The products of these steel works and rolling mills consist of steel 
 rails, steel wire rods, merchant bar iron, steer tires, steel beams, splice bars, 
 cut nails, railroad spikes, car axles, steel car wheels, horse shoes, special 
 shapes for agricultural implements and steel castings. The most imp rtant 
 iron and steel works are those of the Illinois Steel Company. The Illinois 
 Steel Company is a corporation formed by the consolidation of the North 
 Chicago Rolling Mill Company, the Joliet Steel Company, and the Union 
 Steel Company. The consolidation was effected May 1, 1889, and brought 
 under one control and management five plants as follows: North Chicago 
 Works, South Chicago Works and Milwaukee Works, of the North Chicago 
 Rolling Mill Companv; Joliet Steel Company's Works, at Joliet; Union Steel 
 Company's Works, at Chicago. Other property, such as coal lands and coke 
 ovens, etc., belonging to the separate companies was also ircluded, the whol* 
 comprising a property which is capitalized at $50,000,000. The five plants of 
 the company occupy over 500 acres of ground, and the coal lands consist of 
 4,500 acres, on which there are 1,150 coke ovens. The company own 1,500 cars 
 used in the coke trade, and the internal transportation at the different plants 
 requires the use of 500 cars and forty-two locomotives of standard gauge, besides 
 seventeen narrow gauge locomotives hauling special trucks. There are sixty 
 miles of standard gauge and seven miles of narrow gauge railroad in the yards. 
 The output of finished product for the year ending June 30, 1890, was as fol- 
 lows: Rails. 539,603 gross tons; rods, 49,800 gross tons; bar iron and steel, 
 56,415 gross tons; billets, 29,295 gross tons; beams and channels, 5,161 gross 
 tons; total, 680,274 gross tons. During four months of the year the largest 
 rail mill of the company was undergoing reconstruction and did not contrib- 
 ute to the above product. The blast furnaces (fourteen in blast) produced 
 during the same period the following: Pig iron, 614,240 gross tons; spiegel, 
 32,777 gross tons; total, 647,017 gross tons. The Bessemer works (four plants) 
 with a total of nine vessels, of capacities from six to ten tons, produced: In- 
 gots, 751,833 gross tons. The product handled in and shipped from the vari- 
 ous works was thus: Pig iron and spiegel, 647,017 gross tons, Bessemer 
 ingots, 751 833 gross tons; rails, 539,603 gross tons; billets, 81,585 gross tons; 
 rods, 49,800 gross tons; bar iron and steel, 56.415 gross tons; beams and 
 channels, 5,161 gross tons; total, 2,131,414 gross tons. In the manufacture of 
 this product there was used in round numbers the following materials: Iron 
 ore, 1,100,000 gross tons; coke, 700,000 gross tons; coal, 200,000 gross tons; 
 total, 2,000,000 gross tons. About 10.000 men are employed in the mills of 
 the companv, and the pay-rolls for the year ending June 30, 1890, amounted 
 to about $6,000,000. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 309 
 
 It will be noticed that by far the greater part of the product of the Illi- 
 nois Steel Company is in the form of rails, and in fact, until within a few years, 
 it might be said that the only product of the several works now owned by the 
 company took that form. All the works were originally built to make rails, 
 and for many years the activity in that trade was such that no other product 
 was thought of, but the increase in the demand for other forms of steel has 
 made it necessary to diversify the product, and the company now makes bil- 
 lets, rods aud beams, as well as miscellaneous bar iron and steel. Avery 
 large open-hearth steel works and plats mill are under way, and a mill for 
 rolling all classes of structural steel will be built in the nearfuture. To pro- 
 vide for the increased output and to make the company independent of out- 
 side sources for their supply of pig iron, four new blast furnaces of the 
 largest size have recently been built and will shortly be blown in. When the 
 additions and improvements now under way are completed, the plant of the 
 company will comprise the following: 19 blast furnaces, 1 : 200,000 gross 
 tons; 4 Bessemer works, 1,100,000 gross tons; 1 open-hearth works, 75,000 
 grosstons; 4 rail mills, 850,000 gross tons; 2 billet mills, 100,000 gross tons; 
 1 rod mill, 60,000 gross tons; 1 structural mill, 80,000 grosstons; 1 plate 
 mill, 60,000 gross tons; 1 merchant mill, 75,000 gross tons; total annual 
 capacity, 3,600,000 gross tons. 
 
 Three of the plants of the company are located within the corporate 
 limits of the city of Chicago — the North Works, the South Works and the 
 Union Works. One is at Milwaukee, Wis., ninety miles north of Chicago, 
 and one is at Joliet, 111., forty miles southwest of Chicago. All the works 
 are connected by telegraph and telephone service with the central office in 
 Chicago, and with each other. The following description of each of the 
 plants is necessarily brief, and it will be understood that many details of pos- 
 sible technical interest are omitted. 
 
 North Chicago Works. — Situated on the North branch of the Chicago 
 river, in the northwestern part of the city. Take Chicago & North-Western 
 train at Wells Street depot. Wells and Kinzie sts., to Clybourn Station, or 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul train at Union depot, to Works; or Clybourn 
 avenue street cars. This is the oldest of the plants of the company, having 
 been started in 1857 as a mill for re-rolling iron rails. The manufacture of 
 iron has lon°j been discontinued, and the product at present is steel rails, 
 beams and slabs. The plant consists of two blast furnaces, 16 feet by 65 feet, 
 one of which is making spiegel; a Bessemer plant, with two six-ton vessels; 
 a thirty-inch three-high blooming mill, and a twenty-three inch three-high 
 mill, which is used for rolling rails and beams. The furnaces were built in 
 1869, and were originally equipped with pipe stoves, which, within two 
 years, have been replaced by fire-brick stoves of the Gordon and Massick & 
 Crookes type. Ore for these furnaces is brought by vessel and by rail from 
 the Lake Superior mines, and delivered close to the furnaces. The product 
 is chiefly Bessemer iron, but a good deal of spiegel is made from native and 
 foreign ores. All the iron is run into pigs, as the Bessemer plant is not fitted 
 to use direct metal. The Bessemer plant was built in 1872, on the designs of 
 A. L. Holley, and consists of two six-ton vessels, five cupolis for re-melting 
 pig iron, three spiegel cupolas, a ladle crane, and three ingot cranes, all 
 arranged on the Holley, or American plan, two horizontal blowing engines, 
 hydraulic pumps, etc. At the time of its construction this was the most com- 
 pletely equipped Bessemer works in America, and, for a plant of its relatively 
 small size, has done remarkably good work. Very few changes have been 
 
310 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 made in the machinery and equipment, and it is now somewhat antiquated, but 
 still capable of giving a good account of itself. Ingots (three-rail) are heated 
 in coal furnaces, bloomed and cut to single rail lengths, as the mill arrange- 
 ments will not permit the rolling of longer lengths. The blooms are re-heated 
 in coal furnaces. The rail mill rolls the usual patterns of rails and beams up 
 to fifteen inches depth. Pieces are handled at the rail train with hooks and 
 tongs in the old-fashioned way, and it may be noted that this is the only mill 
 of the company where this is now done. Some historical interest attaches to 
 these works from the fact that in the old rail mill the first steel rails made in 
 America were rolled May 24, 1865. from blooms made at the experimental 
 Bessemer Works, at Wyandotte, Mich. 
 
 South Chicago Works. — This is the largest of the company's works, and 
 is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan, twelve miles south from the 
 Court-house. Take Illinois Central train, foot of Randolph, Van Buren, Six- 
 teenth or Twenty -second streets, for South Chicago. The facilities for receipt 
 and shipment of material, both by vessel and rail, are excellent. The largest 
 steamers plying on the lakes bring ore to the docks, and three railroad lines 
 come into the yard, furnishing connection with the entire railroad system of 
 Chicago, The site of this plant was in 1880 a sand beach, barely above the 
 level of the lake. In that year the erection of four blast furnaces was begun, 
 and in 1881 ground was broken for the Bessemer and rail mills. The plant 
 now in operation consists of four furnaces, 21x75 feet; a Bessemer plant with 
 three 10-ton vessels; a 40 inch 3-high blooming mill; a 27-inch 3-high rail 
 train, and all facilities for handling a large output of rails, which at present 
 is the only product. Four more blast furnaces, 21x85 feet, are ready to blow 
 in; an open hearth steel plant and plate mill are under way, and a new harbor, 
 200 feet wide by 2, 500 feet long, has been built for the accommodation of vessels 
 bringing ore to the docks. The four blast furnaces now at work, and fur- 
 nishing about 800 tons of metal per day, have 12 Whitewell stoves, eight 
 blowing engines, and an excellent equipment in every respect The metal 
 from them is used direct in the Bessemer works, to which it is conveyed in 
 ladles up an inclined track. Ore for these furnacesis received almost entirely by 
 water, and vessels are unloaded into an ore-yard back of the furnaces cover- 
 ing 300x1,200 feet. The machinery for discharging vessels is exceptionally 
 rapid in its operation, and vessels can be unloaded at the rate of 250 to 800 
 tons per hour. The Bessemer works began operation in June, 1882. There are 
 three 10-ton vessels working to one casting pit, three ladle cranes, four ingot 
 cranes, two horizontal blowing engines, pressure pumps, etc. Four spiegel 
 cupolas and two iron cupolas for remelting pig, occupy separate houses on 
 opposite sides of the converting building. The ladles with iron and spiegel 
 pass in front of the vessels. A large building in the rear of the vessels is 
 chvoted to making bottoms, lining ladles, etc. The vessels are made with 
 removable shells on Holley's plan, with a powerful hydraulic lift under each 
 for handling the shells and changing bottoms. A new blowing engine and 
 boilers are being added to this plant, the intention being to insure a large out- 
 put. The largest twenty-four hours' work of this plant to date has been 
 1,400 tons of ingots. The steel is cast into ingots sixteen inches square and 
 making six rails each. The ingots are taken from the pit and conveyed in an 
 upright position to the soaking pits (which are not Gjers' pits, but holes con- 
 taining; eight or ten ingots, fired with gas passing through regenerators), 
 and after heating are taken to the blooming train. Here an ingot is reduced 
 in nine passes to a bloom eight inches square, which is cut into two blooms, 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 311 
 
 each making three rails. Ordinarily these blooms are rolled direct to rails, 
 but a furnace is provided for reheating any that are too cold to roll. The rail 
 train is in two parts (each driven by a separate engine), placed parallel to each 
 other and 80 feet apart. The bloom after roughing (live passes) in the first 
 train goes to the second in which it makes four passes and then returns to 
 the first train, where it is finished to a rail in four passes. This train 
 replaces a 26-inch 2-high reversing mill, put down in 1882, and the arrange- 
 ment of the train in two parts was made necessary by the limitation of 
 the size of the building in which the old train stood. The rail then passes 
 to the saws and hotbed, and to a very complete finishing house where it is 
 straightened, drilled, inspected and loaded on cars. The completion of the 
 new furnaces, the open-hearth plant and the plate mill, will make these 
 works the largest establishment in the country. In anticipation of this the 
 company have erected a fine office building and a laboratory, which is the 
 largest and best of its kind. Nearly all the ore for the supply of fifteen fur- 
 naces is unloaded at the docks of this plant, and a large part of it sent by ; rail to 
 the Joliet and Union Works. To provide for this immense business, which 
 must be done in seven months of the year, the new harbor and ore-handling 
 machinery have been put in, and it is expected that shortly 5,000 tons of ore 
 will be handled per day on the new dock. An interesting detail of this plant 
 is the use of crude petroleum for firing boilers. The oil is delivered to the 
 works by a pipe connecting with the main pipe from Lima, Ohio, 208 miles 
 distant. 
 
 Milwaukee Works. — This plant is situated on the shore of Lake Michi- 
 gan at Bay View, a suburb of Milwaukee, Wis., and occupies a very fine 
 site, with ample room for extension. Take Chicago & North- Western train at 
 Wells Street depot, Wells and Kinzie streets, or Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 
 Paul train at Union depot, Canal and Adams streets. This is the only works 
 of the Illinois Steel Company where manufactured iron is produced, the other 
 plants being devoted to steel. It was built for a rail mill in 1868, and 
 enlarged and adapted to merchant iron work in 1874 and 1884. The product 
 is now miscellaneous bar iron and steel, fish-plates, light rails and nails. 
 There are two blast furnaces, 17x66 feet, built in 1870, and lately remodeled 
 and equipped with fire-brick stoves. The product is mostly forge and 
 foundry iron and some Bessemer iron . Ores are brought from the Lake Supe- 
 rior mines and from an interesting deposit at Iron Ridge in Wisconsin. 
 This latter ore is a red oolite, with 55 per cent, iron and over 1 per 
 cpnt. phosphorus, is cheaply mined and makes a pig very suitable 
 for the base Bessemer process. The mills are provided with eight trains 
 of rolls, from eight inches up to twenty-two inches in size, puddling and 
 heating furnaces, both coal and gas fired, producers, etc., and machinery 
 well-adapted to the class of work turned out. There is a well appointed nail 
 factory with 100 nail-cutting machines. This plant will probably continue 
 to produce manufactured iron, but the increase in the demand for steel prod- 
 ucts, now rolled from steel made at other plants, will soon necessitate the 
 erection of a steel works to make basic ingots. 
 
 Union Works. — This plant is located in the southwestern part of the 
 City of Chicago, on the south branch of the river. Originally built as an 
 iron rail mill in 1863, a Bessemer plant was afterwards added, in which, on 
 July 26, 1871, the first Bessemer steel produced in Chicago was made. Blast 
 furnaces were later erected, as also plate and bar mills, a rod-mill and a wire- 
 drawing plant. In 1884 the property came into the hands of the Union Steel 
 
312 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Company, and was thoroughly remodeled, a large part of the machinery and 
 buildings being removed and replaced by modern appliances. The product 
 at present is entirely rails. There are four blast furnaces, two 14 by 72 feet, 
 and two 16 by 75 feet, supplied with an excellent equipment and doing very 
 good work. The metal is run into pigs, as the Bessemer work does not use 
 direct metal. In the Bessemer plant there are two 10-ton vessels working to 
 one pit, five iron cupolas, four spiegel cupolas, two ladle cranes, four ingot 
 cranes, three blowing engines, the necessary hydraulic pumps, etc. This 
 plant made its first blow May 31, 1886, and enjoys the distinction of having 
 made the largest product with two vessels of any plant in America. During 
 the year ending the 30th of June 1890, 318,000 tons of ingots were turned out; 
 the largest month's output was 36,200 tons, and the largest twenty-four hours' 
 output was 1,639 tons. Ingots 15-inches square are cast, making four rails 
 each, and are heated in soaking pits fired with gas, and rolled in a 36-inch 
 8-high blooming mill to blooms 7^ inches square and cut to 2-rail lengths. 
 These are then rolled without reheating in a 25-inch 3-high train, provided 
 with tables for handling the rails at the rolls. This train is driven by one 
 engine and has rolled 1,312 tons of rails in twenty-four hours, 28,490 tons in 
 a mouth and 260,000 tons in the year ending June 30, 1890. A separate 
 finishing house provides ample facilities for handling and shipping a large 
 product. Rails from 50 to 90 pounds per yard are rolled in this mill. The 
 steam fuel used at this plant is crude petroleum, which is delivered in tank 
 cars and pumped to the several departments. The railroad connections to 
 the Union Works are ample, but the yards are somewhat crowded, owing to 
 the situation in a thickly built part of the city. Ore was formerly received 
 by vessels, but now comes by rail from the South Works, where it can be 
 more cheaply and quickly handled. 
 
 Joliet Works. — This works was started as an iron mill in 1870, and a 
 Bessemer works and steel rail mill on Holley's designs were added in 1873. 
 Two blast furnaces were built in 1873, the Bessemer and rail mill were 
 remodeled in 1885, a G-arrett rod mill was put down in 1888, and a third blast 
 furnace was completed in 1890. The product is now rails, billets and rods. 
 Although ores for this plant have to be transported by rail from Chicago or 
 the mines, there is yet a considerable advantage in the location of the works, 
 and one which determined the original installation, namely, the ample and 
 cheap supply of coal for steam and heating purposes, which is obtained from 
 the Illinois coal fields, at no great distance from the works. The railroad 
 connections are very good. The blast furnaces are 20 feet by 80 feet, and 
 are furnished with fire-brick stoves of the Gordon, Cowper and Massick & 
 Crookes type; Their product is Bessemer metal exclusively, which is used 
 direct in the Bessemer works, to which it is conveyed in ladles, up an incline, 
 crossing two main lines of railroad by an overhead bridge. The Bessemer 
 plant contains two 8-ton vessels, cupolas for remelting pig to supple- 
 ment the direct metal from furnaces, spiegel, cupolas, hydraulic cranes, 
 blowing engines, etc. , all of good and modern types. A great deal of special 
 low carbon steel is made for billets, etc., besides the usual rail steel. The 
 rail mill comprises gas and coal-fired furnaces, a 36-inch 3-high blooming 
 train, and a 24 inch rail train in two parts, each driven by a separate engine. 
 The rail train is fed by an ingenious arrangement of troughs and tables, 
 which is also used in the rolling of billets, which are made in the same train. 
 After leaving the train the billets are cut to lengths by a hydraulic shear 
 which works with great rapidity, and dropped under a conveyor consisting 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 313 
 
 of a chain of rollers kept in motion by an engine. The billets thus travel 
 at twice the speed of the rollers, and are carried several hundred yards to the 
 rod mill, where they are automatically dumped in piles. Some 350 tons of 
 4-inch billets have been rolled and conveyed in twelve hours. The rod mill 
 is of the most modern Garrett type, and is turning out a large product, over 
 5,000 tons of No. 5-rod having been rolled in a single month. There are two 
 engines driving the sections of the train, and the mechanical details, includ- 
 ing the reels, are of the first class. Very complete offices are accommodated 
 in a handsome building of the limestone for which Joliet is famous, and an 
 interesting and uncommon feature is the Athenaeum, a very completely 
 appointed club house and library for the accommodation of the employes. 
 This institution was built by the Joliet Steel Company before the consolida- 
 tion, and affords to every employe, at a merely nominal charge, the advan- 
 tages and conveniences of a first-class library and club. 
 
 John H. Bass Car-wheel Works. — Situated at Clark and Forty-seventh sts., 
 on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad. The main foundry building is 
 100x174 feet, and its daily capacity is 192 car wheels and ninety tons of other 
 castings, which make an aggregate capacity of 150 tons. These works 
 employ 400 men. The Chicago works form only a small part of Mr. Bass' 
 iron-manufacturing enterprises. His Fort Wayne works, at Fort Wayne, 
 Ind., 148 miles from Chicago, cover between twenty -five and thirty acres. 
 The daily wheel capacity of the foundry is 700 car wheels. The total daily 
 capacity of the foundry is 300 tons of car wheels and other castings. Other 
 departments embraced in this plant are machine, boiler forge and mill- 
 wright shops, all of which are in full operation. The Fort Wayne Iron 
 Works, also owned by the same gentleman, comprise large foundry and 
 machine shops. The total force of hands employed by him in Fort Wayne 
 numbers about 1,500. At St. Louis, Mo., is still another plant, consisting of 
 one foundry, 80x475 feet, and a second, 60x250 feet, having a daily capacity 
 of 200 car wheels. The foundry capacity besides car wheels is 100 tons daily 
 of general castings, or 175 tons in the aggregate. A machine shop is operated 
 in connection with these foundries. The St. Louis works employ from 400 to 
 500 men. Mr, Bass also owns an iron property consisting of 18,000 acres in 
 Alabama, on which he operates a charcoal blast-furnace, manufacturing a 
 large portion of wheel-iron. Other local manufacturers of cast-iron car wheels 
 are the Union Foundry and Pullman Car-wheel Works, the Chicago Car- 
 wheel Company, the Barnum-Richardson Manufacturing Company, the 
 C. A. Treat Manufacturing Company, the Wells & French Company, and the 
 United States Rolling Stock Company. 
 
 Joseph Klicka. — Located at 114-116 South Jefferscn st. Established 1877. 
 A great room and picture-frame molding manufactory. Employs about 100 
 hands, and supplies dealers in nearly every State and Territoiy in the coun- 
 try. The mill is handsomely fitted up with ingenious machinery and is 
 worthy of a visit. 
 
 Reams & Orme. — Located at 52 Michigan street. Manufacturers of the 
 celebrated Kearns' Pop Safety Valve, the most sensitive, effective and dura- 
 ble safety valve made. These valves are made of the best material and work- 
 manship and under the direct supervision of skilled mechanics, thereby guard- 
 ing against all ordinary defects of construction. They have a world-wide 
 celebrity. 
 
314 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Kurz Bros. & Buhrer.— Located at 832, 834, 836, 838 and 840 Austin 
 avenue. Manufacturers of light gray iron castings. The buildings cover 120 by 
 300 feet; capacity, 15 tons per day. There are 120 men employed. All kinds 
 of agricultural, architectural and hardware castings are turned out here, and, 
 besides, a large business is done in japanning and galvanizing. 
 
 Lake Side Nail Company. — Situated at Hammond, Indiana. Take train 
 at Van Buren Street depot, Van Buren and Sherman sts., or at Dearborn 
 Station, Fourth ave. and Polk st. This company manufactures steel cut- 
 nails exclusively. Their plant consists of two 3-ton Bessemer convert- 
 ers, four Smith gas-heating furnaces, two trains of 22-inch rolls, and 101 nail 
 machines. 
 
 Lemont Stone Quarries. — When the County of Cook built the "old 
 original Court-house" in 1851 and '52, it was decided by the people and the 
 wise rulers of the county that there was no suitable stone material in the 
 vicinity of Chicago for ttie purposes of permanent building. After looking 
 the^ country over it was decided that Lockport, N. Y., furnished the most 
 desirable and conveniently accessible material, and the stone for this building 
 and the wall around it was actually transported over 500 miles. But the 
 buildiDg growth of Chicago was not to beretarded for the want of durable 
 and accessible cheap building material, and certain of her enterprising citi- 
 zens, who had been connected, or were familiar, with the construction of the 
 Illinois & Michigan canal, notably among whom being A. S. Sherman and Mr. • 
 H. M. Singer, still of this city, concluded to open up the deposils of stone at 
 Lemont, which the cutting through of the canal had developed. From these 
 small beginnings has grown up one of the largest, most important and pros- 
 perous industries of the city. These quarries have not only contributed 
 largely to the material growth of the city by furnishing an accessible build- 
 ing stone for all purposes, from the foundation stone to the roof coping, 
 besides nigging, curbing and rubble stone for sidewalk and street improve- 
 ment, but coarser material for rip rap, from which the Government, the Illinois 
 Central Railroad and all other breakwater works in this vicinity have drawn 
 their supplies. The business increased to such an extent that in 1889 there 
 were 7 large concerns engaged in quarrying and supplying stone for 
 Chicago and the surrounding markets at Lemont, besides some 18 other 
 ompanies at Joliet engaged to a greater or less extent in the same business. 
 In October of that year a number of Chicago capitalists and business men 
 conceived the idea of forming one large company which would concentrate 
 the management of a number of these companies, thereby reducing the run- 
 ning expenses to a minimum degree, and by centralizing the business and 
 managementbe enabled to attend to the wantsof the trade with more prompt- 
 ness and dispatch and securing better results for the outlay of their capital 
 and the exhausting of the quarries, which for various causes had been largely 
 interfered with by unscrupulous competition and all its attending evils. So 
 the Western Stone Company was formed, and acquired by purchase the 
 property of six of the large concerns at Lemont and Lockport, and is now 
 actively engaged in operating all of the quarries, manufacturing and dressing 
 all kinds of machine dressed and mill-work limestone. The company owns 
 26 canal boats, seven steam canal barges and two steam tugs used in the 
 transportation of their products from the quarries to Chicago, besides ship- 
 ping extensively by rail. They operate 10 steam stone planners and 17 gangs 
 of saws in manufacturing flagging and sawing stone. With a practically 
 inexhaustible supply of stone~of convenient and easy access to Chicago by 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 315 
 
 Lumber District. — Situated in the southwestern part of the city, from five 
 and a half to seven miles from the City Hall, along the south branch of the 
 Chicago river. It maybe reached by Canalport ave., Blue Island ave. or 
 South Haisted st. cars. It extends from the south branch west beyond West- 
 ern ave., and practically occupies all of the southern part of the territory 
 covered by Western ave., Oakley ave., Leavitt St., Hoyne ave., Robeyst., 
 Lincoln St., Honorest, Wood st., Paulina St., Ashland ave., Charlton st. and 
 Loomis st. Here the visitor will find mile after mile of lumber yards laid 
 out into streets and alleys, where thousands of men are constantly employed 
 in " shoving" the boards as they are received from vessels in the river, or in 
 loading them on to long lines of freight cars. Here, too, are to be seen some 
 of the graatest sash, door, blind and planing mills in the world. The lumber 
 district is a district all to itself. Foreign labor of all kinds is employed here, 
 but the Bohemians are in the majority. In the lumber season it is interesting 
 to watch the unloading of vessels, to see how rapidly a cargo is discharged, 
 and to notice with what skill the boards are piled in the yards. A number 
 of sarious riots have occurred from time to time in the " lumber district," 
 the result of labor strikes. Of late, however, the laborers have quieted 
 down. Building associations have grown up among them; many own their 
 own homes, and the conservatism which everywhere follows the possession 
 of property is felt here. 
 
 McCormick Harvesting Machine Company. — Cvius H. McCormick, presi- 
 dent; Eldridge M. Fowler, vice-president; E. K. Butler, general manager. 
 Offices, cur. Wabash ave. and Congress St.; works four miles southwest, on 
 the south branch of the Chicago river, at the corner of Blue Island aves., 
 accessible from the business center of the city, via Blue Island avenue street- 
 car line. 
 
 That guide to Chicago would be lacking in completeness which should 
 omit from its pages at least a cursory description of this mammoth institution; 
 an establishment of such magnitude in itself, and of such world-wide scope in 
 its influences, as to make it the paragon of nineteenth century business 
 enterprise. The signal of the great success attained by this company was 
 sounded when the click of the first McCormick reaper re-echoed from the 
 hill-sides of old Virginia in 1831. The scale since then has ever been an 
 ascending one, and each new year succeeds the old to find the McCormick a 
 full giant's stride in advance of the position it occupied when the last pre- 
 ceding record was made up. Comparisons need not be given here to show 
 this steady progress upward and onward, but in a general way we may speak 
 of the McCormick works as they are to-day. Upon approaching the locality, 
 of which they are the conspicuous center, their magnitude is at once apparent, 
 and in wondrous contemplation we view the scene — the spacious yards; the 
 multiplicity of substantial manufacturing buildings; the long line of ware- 
 houses; the McCormick railroad engine, plying back and forth over the miles 
 of track within the enclosure of the works; the expanse of dock frontage, 
 where the lar^st lake vessels are constantly loading and unloading their 
 cargoes at the very doors of the works — added to this, the busy buzz and 
 hum and whirr of tireless machinery, the clanging of steel and iron, the 
 
316 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 industrial music of a thousand hammers in a veritable "anvil chorus," the 
 never-ending "thud, thump and thud " of the imported raw material as it 
 is unloaded from car or steamer, and its equally-continuous counterpart in 
 acoustics, resultant from the inversion of the process, whereby the completed 
 machines are consigued to other cars and other steamers, outward-bound for 
 other shores, carrying the McCormick to all parts of the world — to every 
 clime whose summer sun ripens golden grain. All this it may well be 
 imagined prepares one, before entering the works proper, to accept the truth- 
 fulness of the assertion, oft reiterated and never disputed, that the McCormick 
 works annually produce more grain and grass-cutting machines than any 
 other establishment in the world. 
 
 Inspection of the Works. — On a tour of inspection through the works 
 what do we see and learn? Briefly, that the floor space utilized in the various 
 departments aggregates more than thirty-seven acres; that 2,000 skilled 
 mechanics are employed in moulding and fashioning the individual parte of 
 machinery for their final splendid consolidation in the McCormick harvesters, 
 rejpersand mowers; that in the prosecution of this work there were consumed 
 during the year, ending August 1, 1891, 17,400 tons of special bar iron and 
 steel, 2,400 tons of sheet steel and 21,000 tons of castings, besides over 8 000,-' 
 000 feet of lumber, used chiefly in boxing or crating machines for shipment. 
 Very little wood, be it remembered, enters into the construction of the 
 McCormick product; none — in fact, save that used in the tongue and, possibly, 
 one or two minor parts — a portion so small that the McCormick harvesters 
 and mowers are rightly termed ' ' Machines of titeel." In further elaboration 
 of the above figures, the Company's books show that 13,671 cars of freight 
 were handled by them last season, and that the number of machines sold 
 reached the amazing total of 121,780! Think of it ! Even in this day of 
 gigantic achievements the manufacture and sale by a single establishment 
 of 121,780 machines, for cutting grass and reaping and binding grain, during 
 the briefly-passing period of a twelve-month, is a wonderful performance. Had 
 this great number reference merely to such implements as the old-time hand- 
 sickle and scythe, it would still be no small feat; but, when it is remembered 
 that these are all modern machines, to be drawn by horses, and that their 
 weight is from 650 to 1,300 pounds each, the fact is most stupendously pre- 
 sented; but, being a fact, must so stand upon the pages of recorded history. 
 To facilitate the handling of this enormous ontput the McCormick works are 
 most admirably equipped, there being covered sheds from the warehouse, 
 from which fifty cars can be loaded and dispatched in a single day. This 
 seems like a large number, but when it is considered that two days will suffice 
 to manufacture these fifty carloads, that they should be loaded and shipped 
 in one day is not a great achievement. "What!" you exclaim, "twenty- 
 five carloads of McCormick machines manufactured in a single day? " It is 
 is even so; yea, more than this: for many months of the year the busy artisans 
 of these great works succeed in turning out a complete machine during every 
 minute of every hour of every day. The running of an establishment to this 
 seeming incredible capacity is possible only as the result of a system; a 
 system, the knowledge of whose details must challenge the admiration of 
 mm. In short, so thoroughly systematized are all departments, and so 
 felicitous are the operations of the specially-designed machinery used, that 
 the managers are confident that in no manufacturing establishment in the 
 world is material worked into completed forms so cheaply and so expedi- 
 tiously as in the works of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 31? 
 
 Secrets of Success. — The unrivaled success of theMcCormick Company, 
 and its proud position in the industrial and commercial world is such that one is 
 involuntarily prompted to ask the secret thereof; to learn of those seemingly- 
 hidden mysteries whereby such pre-eminence is attained. With the McCormick 
 Company, however, these secrets, these mysteries, exist only in the seeming. 
 There are two fundamental rules for an enviable success in legit imate business, 
 especially that branch of business represented by the transactions of the buyer 
 and the seller: First, the seller must have an article or a commodity which the 
 buyer really wants, and, secondly, the buyer must be accorded uniformly fair 
 and honorable treatment at the handsof theseller. Would the readerknow how 
 well this second requirment is observed by the McCormick Company, he is 
 respectfully referred to the reputation that Company has huilded in the past 
 half century; to the hundreds of thousands of agriculturists of all lands with 
 whom they have had business relations. As to the condition precedent — the 
 production of an article which is wanted — itis not probable that it is so nearly 
 fulfilled by any manufacturing establishment in the world as by the McCor- 
 mick Company, and if we have digressed from those topics suggested by a 
 visit to their works, we return now to speak more fully of this particular feature, 
 with which one is most favorably impressed. We refer to the experimental 
 department. The immediate success of the McCormick machines and their 
 many patented improvements that appear from time to time, is due to the 
 fact that all experimenting is done by the manufacturers, so that when a 
 machine is placed upon the market and labeled "McCormick" the public 
 knows that it has passed the experimental stage and will accomplish the 
 results for which it was designed. At the McCormick Works new ideas pre- 
 senting the possibility of practicability are not accepted until possibility has 
 been reduced to certainty. Entire machines are built, taken into the field 
 and given thorough tests under all conditions. They are not foisted upon 
 the farmers simply because they seem to possess merit. All doubts must first 
 be removed ; the McCormick Company is not willing that its experimenting 
 should be done at the expense of its patrons. 
 
 A Curiosity. — One of th« curiosities in the possession of the McCormick 
 Company is a time-worn and weather beaten specimen of the original Reaper, 
 as invented by the late Cyrus H. McCormick, the first practical machine that 
 ever entered a harvest field, and the admitted "type and pattern after which 
 all others are modeled." What volumes the storm-buffeted old landmark 
 speaks to the grej^-haired man of the middle west! Why, to watch the 
 old McCormick Reaper was the delight of his earliest boyhood, and, standing 
 in its august presence now, he lives over again the sunny days of life's June, 
 the while the dear remembered faces of father and mother come back to him, 
 and in fancy he feels the "touch of a vanished hand" — hears the "sound 
 of a voice that is still." 
 
 At the Head of Its Class. — But we must pass on. Indisputably at the 
 head of its class, manufacturing more than one-third of the world's entire 
 output of grain and grass-cutting machines, a detailed showing of the vast 
 annual product of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, and a 
 recapitulation of its widespread business interests would bean undertaking 
 beyond the scope of this volume, embracing as it necessarily would a com- 
 pilation of facts and figures of such magnitude, of such stupendous propor- 
 tions as to well-nigh establish an abiding faith in the mystic magic of the 
 genii of old, and to tear the veil of skepticism from the wildest prophesies of 
 the seer of today. What has here been touched upon must be accepted only 
 
318 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 as an intimation of the actuality. To the reader, the compiler of the Guide 
 would simply say in conclusion, "Go and see for yourself." The verdict of 
 the world accords the palm to the McCormick and the world's verdict is 
 always an impartial one. 
 
 Norton Brothers' Works.— Situated at Maywood. Take train at Wells 
 Street depot, Wells and Kinzie streets. These works manufacture tin cans for 
 picking fruit, vegetables, etc. Automatic machinery, the invention of 
 Edwin Norton, shapes the tinplate for can bodies, forms and solders them, 
 attaches top and bottom, tests them for leakages, counts them and afterwards 
 delivers them in the warehouse or in cars for shipping. The devices here 
 used are of a most ingenious character, and almost entirely dispense with 
 hand labor. A machine, also invented by Edwin Norton, is in use in this 
 establishment for rolling molten solder directly into sheets. The Norton 
 Fluid Metal Rolling Company have been sufficiently successful in adapting 
 this process to the production of sheet steel to warrant them in building a 
 plant for regular work. This is now in course of erection and is intended to 
 produce sheet steel for the manufacture of tinplate of which Norton Brothers 
 are the largest consumers in the world, being interested in can factories, 
 working under their automatic system, at New York, San Francisco and 
 Hamilton, Canada, the combined capacity of which is a daily production of 
 800,000 cans for fruits, vegetables, oysters, etc. As showing the capacity of 
 this firm to handle vast quantities of cans and to supply other sections in case 
 of a dearth of cans, such as occurred this season in the East, it may be stated 
 that they loaded into cars and shipped during one week in 3890 over 
 2,500,000 cans, shipping two trains of about thirty cars each to Baltimore, at 
 the same time handling their regular Western trade. 
 
 PULLMAN. 
 
 Pullman to-day represents the most advanced and improved example of 
 city construciion which the world has seen, and it is carefully studied for its 
 suggestive value by men of science, capitalists, economists and students of 
 social science throughout the world. 
 
 Pullman is unquestionably one of the greatest attractions Chicago has to 
 offer her visitors. It is situated on the west shore of Lake Calumet, fourteen 
 miles south of the Court House. The extreme length of the town is about 
 two miles in a north and south direction, and it is half a mile in average 
 width. The surface of streets around the Arcade is about nine feet above the 
 level of the lake, permitting good basements for buildings. The land rises to 
 the north and west, and the surface at the foundry is fifteen feet above the lake 
 level. All improvements in the way of drainage, paving, sewerage, gas and 
 water, preceded the population, or were put in when the houses were built. 
 Pullman has a population of 11,783 (September, 1891), and 6,000 operatives are 
 employed in all the industries here, and their average earnings are $2 a day. 
 or over $600 a year each. These earnings averaged $610 73 each in the Pull- 
 man industries for the fiscal year ending July 31, 1891. In no other place are 
 all workmen so well provided for as here. The following are facts of 
 interest given in alphabetical order : 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 319 
 
 Arcade. — This structure, 256x164 feet in size, contains on the first floor 
 all the stores of the place, the bank, and post-office. The second story is used 
 for offices, the library, and theater, and the third for lodge-rooms. It is 
 heated by steam. 
 
 Arcade Theater. — This theater will accommodate an audience of 1,000, 
 and is furnished "with all modern conveniences. A good play or concert is 
 given here once a week, and at prices ab >ut one-half of those charged in 
 Chicago. The drop curtain is the finest painting of the sort in the West. 
 
 Art. — The town aud shops were built under the supervision of aitists 
 and architects, and it is the only town in the world built artistically and 
 scientifically in every part. Artists are employed in the decoration of cars 
 inside and outside, and a large force is engaged in carving. 
 
 Allen Paper Car Wheel Works. — These works have a capacity for 
 building 12,000 wheels a year. The Allen wheel consists of a steel tire, au 
 iron hub, and a hard paper center, or core four inches thick, protected on 
 either side by boiler plates, and all accurately bolted togeter with an inner and 
 an outer row of bolts passing through the metal and paper. It is used under 
 sleeping cars and other costly cars and it will run 500,000 miles. These 
 wheels cost from $40 to $65 apiece. 
 
 Athletic Association. — This association consists of 150 members, and 
 within it are ball clubs, rowing crews, cricket clubs, etc., and they have a 
 play-ground of about ten acres and an island with boat houses and race tracks 
 and grand stands. 
 
 Accidents. — A liberal policy is adopted toward workmen who are acci- 
 dentally injured, and, when necessary, provision is made for them in Chicago 
 hospitals which are easily accessible. 
 
 Architecture. — In selecting the architectural style to be followed at 
 Pullman, it was deemed necessary to choose one that could be adapted to the 
 great variety of buildings devoted to different uses. In general terms the 
 style employed might be designated the round arched or Romanesque, ""without 
 the Byzantine details for the great shops and principal buildings. It may be 
 said that the dwellings suggest a simplified modification of the Queen Anne 
 style of architecture. 
 
 Amusements. — The island and the play-grounds furnish every opportu- 
 nity for healthful exercise and out-door amusements. Rowing upon Lake 
 Calumet is a common pastime. There are annual games and regattas and 
 cycling races, which are attended by amateur athletes from all parts of the 
 country, and which are witnessed by thousands of spectators. 
 
 Hand— (See Music.) 
 
 Bank. — The Pullman Loan and Savings Bank, in the Arcade, now (De- 
 cember, 1891,) has 1,950 savings depositors, and their deposits aggregate half a 
 million dollars. 
 
 Brass Works. — (See Union foundry.) 
 
 Blacksmith Shops.— These shops form a portion of the car works, and 
 run 125 forges for the smaller forgings used in car construction. 
 
 Birth Rate — 346 children were born here during the fiscal year ending 
 July 31*t, 1891, or thirty per 1,000 of the population. 
 
 Brickyards. — These immense brickyards have a capacity for turning out 
 30,000,000 of brick a year. The clay for them is dredged from the bottom of 
 Lake Calumet. The bricks are all machine made. The dredged area will be 
 useful when the lake is made into a harbor. 
 
 Blocks. — The size of a block here which will contain, tenements for from 
 
320 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 fifty to 100 families is 660 by 330 feet. Twenty-five blocks are now occupied 
 by dwellings. 
 
 Buildings. — There are brick tenements for 1,760 families ; there are sev- 
 enty frame tenements in the place. These brick buildings contain all the 
 modern improvements — gas, water, etc., and good basements, which in many 
 cases are used for kitchens and dining-rooms. 
 
 Business Houses. — Business men rent stores in the Arcade or stalls in 
 the Market building. The Pullman Company has no business interest in 
 these mercantile establishments, but merely rents rooms to business men. 
 Pullman has the best of markets and stores of all kinds. 
 
 Calumet River — This stream south of Pullman flows five limes as much 
 water as the Chicago river, and will, in the near future, furnish from forty 
 to fifty miles of wharfage. The government is improving the r.ver from its 
 mouth to 200 feet in width and sixteen feet in depth. 
 
 Cars. — Cars of every description are made here, the shops having a 
 capacity for turning out each week three sleepers, twelve passenger cars, 240 
 freight cars, and several street cars, the number depending upon the value of 
 the cars. With the exception of glass, blankets, car springs and plushes 
 used in upholstering, everything for the best cars is manufactured at Pull- 
 man; all marble work, glass embossing, minor-making and electroplating 
 are done here. 
 
 Calumet Manufacturing Company. — This company makes paints 
 which are used here, as well as for the outside market. 
 
 Cemeteries. — In the immediate neighborhood there are cemeteries as 
 follows: On the north is Oakwoods, and on the west are Mount Greenwood, 
 Mount Olivet and Mount Hope cemeteries. 
 
 Census. — Enumerations of the people have been taken as shown in the 
 following tabular statement: 
 
 enumerations. 
 Dates. Population. Dates. Population. 
 
 January 1, 1881 4 July 28, 1885 8,603 
 
 March 1,1881 57 July 1, 1886 8,861 
 
 June 1,1881 654 October 1, 1886 9,013 
 
 February 1, 1882 2,084 October 1, 1887 10,081 
 
 March 8. 1883 4,512 July 1, 1888 10,560 
 
 August 15, 1883 5,823 July 1, 1889 10,610 
 
 November 20, 1883 6,685 July 31, 1890 10,680 
 
 September 30, 1884 8,513 September 30, 1891 11,783 
 
 The last census showed 6174 men, 2,189 women and 3,420 children or a 
 total of 11,783 persons. 
 
 Chicago. — Pullman is now in the Thirty fourth Ward of Chicago, the 
 city containing 1,250,000 population. Chicago has no parallel in the history 
 of cities. Melbourne and San Francisco have grown up simultaneously with 
 it, but it is nearly twice as large as both those cities. Its area is now 18334 
 square miles. It is the second city in the Union, having added three-fourths 
 of a million of people to its population in ten years. 
 
 Children's Work. — As yet, only a few children work in the factories 
 here, probably 100 in all. 
 
 Churches. — Pullman now has eight different church societies and a num- 
 ber of handsome church edifices. 
 
 Corliss Engine. — This beautiful engine ran the machinery at the Ph\V 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 321 
 
 adelphia Centennial Exposition. It is rated at 2,500 horse-power. Connected 
 •with it are 3,268 feet of main shafting. Over ten miles of belting convey 
 power to machinery in the Pullman shops. This engine weighs 700 tons. 
 
 Columbia Screw Company. — Here metal screws of all sorts are made, 
 the average daily product, December, 1891, being 1,500 gross. 
 
 Dairy Farm. — This farm, on the Calumet River, keeps from 80 to 100 
 cows; the milk is all sold in Pullman and vicinity. 
 
 Drainage. — A system of drains and laterals takes all the atmospheric 
 water from roofs and streets into Lake Calumet. The drainage of the town 
 is perfect, and preceded the population, it being put in simultaneously with 
 the building of the houses. 
 
 Death Rate. —(See Health.) 
 
 Dry Kilns. — The shops have extensive dry kilns for drying the lumber 
 used in passenger and sleeping cars. 
 
 Drop Forge Company. — Here are made all manner of drop forgings, as 
 well as 1,500 pairs of steel shears a day. 
 
 Dwellings. — (See Buildings.) 
 
 Dredging. — A dredge is in constant use taking clay from the bottom of 
 Lake Calumet for the brick yards, and at the same time excavating channels 
 for the future use of shipping. 
 
 Depots. — There are now eight railway depots, which render all portions 
 of t\e Pullman lands easily accessible. 
 
 Doctors. — There are now four resident physicians here, one-quarter of 
 the average number in the United States for such a population. 
 
 Engines. — There are seventeen different steam engines in and around 
 the Pullman Car Works and they are rated at about 9,000 horse-power. 
 
 Electric Lighting. — The paint shops of the freight car works are lighted 
 by 66 arc lights, each of 1,200 candle-power and about 1,000 incandescent 
 lamps are used in otherportions of the works. 
 
 Electroplating. — All kinds of plating are done in this department, 
 and here are finished the metal trimmings used in cars, such as curtain rods, 
 brackets, pumps, locks, hinges, sash trimmings, door knobs, etc. The 
 department employs 100 operatives. 
 
 Flats. — (See Buildings.) 
 
 Freight Car Shops. — The capacity of these shops is forty finished cars 
 a day, or one for every fifteen minutes of working time. 
 
 Fire Department. — This is now under the city fire marshal. 
 
 Flora. — All the flowering plants which thrive in this latitude are grown 
 at the greenhouses here, and are used for adorning the parks and gardens. 
 
 Foundry. (See Union Foundry.) 
 
 Fuel. — In what might be termed the Pullman industries alone, about 
 50,000 tons of coal are consumed. All the shavings and sawdust from the 
 shops are carried out of the shop rooms by means of exhaust pipes, and are 
 burned under the boilers. 
 
 Gas Works. — Water gas is made by the Lowe process, and is carried into 
 every room in Pullman. The city is lighted by gas. 
 
 Glass. — All the glass used in cars is prepared here, that is, etched, bev- 
 eled, and silvered as required. Mirrors for Pullman cars are also made here. 
 
 Geology. — There is a deposit here of bowlder drift blueclay about ninety 
 feet thick, resting upon lime rock, making the best possible foundation for 
 buildings of every sort. 
 
322 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Greenhouses. — These are kept for furnishing the town, its parks and 
 gardens with flowers and shrubs. 
 
 Garbage. —At present all the garbage i3 collected each day and buried 
 at a distance from the town. Its disposal by burning, or by some process of 
 rendering it, has been under discussion. 
 
 Hydrants. — There are 160 fire or street hydrants, set at intervals of 300 
 feet on the streets. 
 
 Halls. — There is abundance of hall room in the place. 
 
 Hammer Shop. — Car axles equalizers and other heavy forgings are made 
 here, and a number of heavy steam-hammers are in use. 
 
 Hennepjn Canal. — When a canal, known under this name, is made, its 
 natural northern outlet will be the Calumet river, which flows along our 
 southern border. 
 
 History. — Work was begun here in May, 1880, and the first family came 
 January 1, 1881, the second late in March of" the same year. 
 
 Health. — The health of the citizens here has always been good. The 
 number of deaths for the fiscal year ending July 31, 1890, was 160, and during 
 the year ending July 31, 1891, they were 176. 
 
 Hospitals. — The city hospitals are so easily reached, that it has not, as 
 yet, been found necessary to build such an institution here. 
 
 Hotel. — There is only one hotel, as yet, and it can accommodate about 
 100 guests. It is known as Hotel Florence. 
 
 Houses. — (See Buildings.; 
 
 House Drainage. — (See Drainage.) 
 
 Journals. — The Arcade Journal, a local weekly paper of eight pages, is 
 the only newspaper published here. 
 
 Island.— Tne ground known as the Island contains five acres, and lies at 
 the foot of 111th street. It has boat houses, grand stands, a race course and 
 grounds especially prepared for all manner of athletic exercises. It is under 
 the control of the Pullman Athletic Association. Many regattas have been 
 held at this island. 
 
 Ice Houses. — These houses, belonging to the Pullman Company, on the 
 southwest shore of the lake, hold 24,000 tons of ice. There are many other 
 ice houses on the Calumet river and lake. 
 
 Iron Machine Shop. — This is a part of the car shops, in which all kinds 
 of iron machine work are done. 
 
 Insurance. — All property here is kept fully insured. 
 
 Industries. — The various industries now here are the car works of Pull- 
 man's Palace Car Company, The Union Foundry and Pullman Car Wheel 
 Works, The Allen Paper Car Wheel Works, The Chicago Drop Forge and 
 Foundry Company's Works, The Pullman Iron and Steel Works. The Calu- 
 met Manufacturing Company's Paint Works, The Pullman Brick Works, 
 The Pullman Street Car Works, the works of the Illinois Terra Cotta Lumber 
 Company, The Columbia Screw Works, and the Standard Knitting Mills. 
 
 Lake Calumet. — This lake is three and a half miles long by a mile and a 
 half in width, and may eventually be made into a good harbor. 
 
 Lake Michigan. —This inland sea is 330 miles long by an average of 
 ixty mi'es in width, and 90 miles wide in its widest part, and is 576 feet above 
 the sea level. 
 
 Lake Vista. — This little artificial lake, in front of the shops, contains 
 about three acres. 
 
 Library. — The Pullman Library contains 7,000 volumes, and takes sev- 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 323 
 
 enty papers and periodicals. It is a personal gift of President Pullman to his 
 city. It is a circulating library; 19,931 books were drawn from it during the 
 fiscal year ending July 31, 1891. 
 
 Labor. — (See Workmen and Wages.) 
 
 Lakd Association. — (See Pullman Land Association.) 
 
 Living at Pullman. — Close proximity to the stock yards and surrounded 
 by market gardens, there is no cheaper place on the continent than Pullman 
 in w hich to reside. Meats here cost less than one-half as much as they do in 
 New York and Boston. 
 
 Leases. — The leases have a clause permitting the tenant to vacate a house 
 on ten days' notice. (See Rents.) 
 
 Lumberyards. — About fifty different kinds of lumber are used here, and 
 nearly half a million dollars' worth is constantly kept on hand in the yards. 
 '] he yards cover about eighty acres of ground. Lumber is obtained from 
 South America, Central America, Mexico, and from half the States of the 
 Union. 
 
 Machinery.— There is nearly a million dollars' worth of machinery in all 
 the industries at Pullman, and it is needless to say that it is the best of its 
 kind. 
 
 Manufacturing. — The total value of the finished product from all the 
 manufactories at Pullman is now about fifteen millions of dollars a year. 
 That of the whole country is eight thousand millions of dollars. 
 
 Market. — This building is 110 by 100 feet in size, and in it are the mar- 
 ket stalls from which meat, vegetables, fruit, fish and poultry are sold. Over 
 the market stalls is a public hall which will accommodate an audience of 600. 
 
 Municipal. — Pullman is now in the thirty -fourth waid of Chicago. 
 
 Music. — Pullman has one of the best military bands in the West; it now 
 has fifty musicians. It carried off the first prize in the State band contest at 
 Pfeoria, Oct. 3, 1890; it also took eight other prizes. 
 
 Nativity. — The following table exhibits the types of all the workmen 
 May 1, 1891, and shows the countries where they were born. 
 
 Types 
 
 PRESENT TYPES AND NATIVITY. 
 
 Nativity Totals Types Nativity 
 
 Totals 
 
 American U. S. 
 
 2086 
 
 2086 
 
 
 Belgium 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 f Denmark 
 
 63 
 
 
 Latin 4 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 21 
 
 
 Scandina 
 
 - ! Norway 
 j Sweden 
 
 127 
 
 
 France 
 
 21 
 
 
 vian 
 
 1181 
 
 
 
 . Italy 
 
 49 
 
 107 
 
 
 (Finland 
 
 4 
 
 1375 
 
 Dutch 
 
 Holland 
 
 625 
 
 625 
 
 
 f England 
 
 408 
 
 
 
 r Australia 
 
 3 
 
 
 British 
 
 J Canada 
 j Scotland 
 
 269 
 98 
 
 
 
 East Indies 
 Greece 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 [ Wales 
 [Germany 
 
 21 
 661 
 
 796 
 
 All others < 
 
 Hayti 
 Hungary 
 
 1 
 9 
 
 
 German 
 
 J Austria 
 1 Bavaria 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 Mexico 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Poland 
 
 34 
 
 
 
 ( Bohemia 
 
 12 
 
 723 
 
 
 Russia 
 
 3 
 
 56 
 
 Irish 
 
 Ireland 
 
 315 
 
 815 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Necrology. — (See Health.) 
 
 6083 
 
324 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Operatives.— (See Workmen.) 
 
 Organization. — The Pullman Car Works have a general manager and 
 the town a general superintendent, and under these are foremen in charge of 
 the several departments. Every independent industry, of course, has its own 
 superintendent. 
 
 Paint Works.— (See Calumet Manufacturing Company.) 
 
 Play Grounds. — (See Island and Amusements.) 
 
 Parks. — The whole place is a park in itself. 
 
 Passenger-Car Shops. — (See Cars.) These shops have room for about 
 150 cars, and turn out from ten to twelve passenger cars a week and three 
 sleeping cars. They also repair from fifty to 100 cars a month. These shops 
 are admirably lighted and perfectly ventilated. 
 
 Pavements. — There are nearly eight miles of paved streets. The streets 
 are all surfaced with the best of macadam. 
 
 Police. — We have a detail of two men from the Chicago force. 
 Politics. — The two political parties are about equally divided here. 
 
 Power. — The steam engines at Pullman are rated at over 9,000 horse- 
 power. (See Corliss Engine.) 
 
 Pullman Cars. — The Pullman Company now own and operate 2,239 
 cars (October 15, 1891), and on 125,000 miles of railroad. 
 
 In his annual report made October 15, 1891, President Pullman says: 
 There have been built during the year, 191 sleeping, parlor and dining 
 cars, costing $3,079,693.62, or an average of $16,124,05 per car. Orders have 
 been placed at the company's works for 51 Pullman cars, the estimated cost 
 being about $16,500 each, or an aggregate of $841,500. 
 
 The number of cars owned or controlled is 2,239, of which 1,965 are 
 standard and 274 tourist or second class cars. The number of passengers 
 carried during the year was 5,310,813; the number of miles run 186,829,836. 
 During the previous year the number of passengers carried was 5,023,057, the 
 number of miles run 177,033,116. The year just ended shows, therefore, an 
 increase of about 6 per cent., both in the number of passengers carried and 
 miles run. 
 
 The total mileage of railways covered by contracts for the operation of 
 the cars of this company is 124,557 miles. 
 
 Pullman City (see History).— It was begun in May, 1880, and now has 
 about 12,000 people, with 10,000 more within a mile of its depot. (See Indus- 
 tries and Census.) 
 
 Pullman Company. — In remarks made at the annual meeting of the 
 Pullman Company, held October 15th, 1891, President Pullman said: 
 
 There has been added during the fiscal year to the company's invest- 
 ments in shops and plant $127,341.41. The value of manufactured product 
 of the car works of the company for the year was $11,906,977.76, and of other 
 industries, including rentals, $1,353,494.12, making a total of $13,260,471.88. 
 against $10,213,658.10 for the previous year. 
 
 The average number of names on the pay-rolls at Pullman, in the Pull- 
 man industries alone, for the year was 5,455, and wages paid $3,331,527.41, 
 making an average for each person employed of $610^73, against $596.46 for 
 the previous year. 
 
 The total number of persons in the employ of the company in its manu- 
 facturing and operating departments is 13,885; wages paid during the year. 
 $7,303,108.42. The number of employes for the previous year was 12,367, 
 and wages paid $6,249,891.65. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 325 
 
 Pullman Farm. — Three miles south of the depot are 140 acres of land, 
 which have been drained and piped for the reception and distribution of 
 sewage, which is pumped there from the town. The leading crops are 
 onions, celery, cabbage and potatoes. 
 
 Pullman Iron and Steel Works. — These works employ 250 men and 
 turn out 100 tons of rolled iron a day. This iron is made largely from scrap. 
 
 Pullman Land Association. — This corporation owns about 3,000 acres 
 of land in the Calumet region, and the Palace Car Company owns about 500 
 acres. The town is chiefly upon the lands of the Car Company.. 
 
 Rents. — The rents of houses here range f ron five to fifty dollars a month, 
 the average being fourteen dollars a month; but there are hundreds of tene- 
 ments renting from six to nine dollars a month. These rents are considerably 
 less than those for similar tenements anywhere else in Chicago. 
 
 Railroad. — There are thirty miles of railroad connected with the town 
 and shops. This road has three locomotives and 150 cars. The road connects 
 with the belt lines. The United States now have about one-half of the rail- 
 road mileage of the world, or (November, 1891) 170,000 miles. The total of 
 the share capital and funded debt and all other forms of indebtedness give a 
 total of $10,600,01)0,000, or about $60,000 per mile. In rolling stock the 
 average is one locomotive and one passenger car for every five miles of track, 
 and there are 1,150,000 freight cars in use. 
 
 River Calumet. — (See Calumet River.) 
 
 Stables. — The Pullman Stables care for sixty horses, and contain the 
 quarters of the Fire Department. 
 
 Secret Societies. — Such societies are well represented here, there being 
 about forty different clubs and associations in the town. 
 
 Streets. — There are nearly eight miles of paved streets. The width of 
 the ordinary street is sixty-six feet, and the distance between house lines is 
 about 100 feet. The main boulevard, or One Hundred and Eleventh street, 
 is 100 feet wide. The streets are all well drained and have good cobble-stone 
 gutters, well provided with catch-basins; shade trees, too, are planted on 
 either side, and there are handsome grass-plats between the sidewalks and the 
 wagon roads. 
 
 Sewers and Sewage. — A system of pipes, entirely separate from the 
 drains for surface waters, takes the sewage from houses and shops to a reser- 
 voir holding 300,000 gallons under the water tower. The sewage is pumped 
 from this reservoir as fast as received to a sewage farm three miles south of 
 the town. The farm is irrigated with the sewage (See Pullman Farm). The 
 dwellings are all provided with good closets, and there are no outbuildings 
 other than woodsheds. One million eight hundred thousand gallons of sewage 
 a day are pumped to the farm. 
 
 Street Railroad. — About four miles of street car tracks have been laid, 
 and will doubtless be extended northward and soon connect with tracks lead- 
 ing to the center of Chicago. All kinds of street cars are built here. 
 
 StEAM Heating. — All the shops and public buildings, such as the 
 Arcade, Church, Schoolhouse and Market are heated by steam, and also all 
 the dwellings on the boulevard, and those surrounding Arcade Park. 
 
 Sewage Farm (see Pullman Farm). 
 
 Sidewalks. — There are twelve miles of sidewalks, made largely of two- 
 inch pine plank. There is some gravel walk and three blocks have brick 
 walks. 
 
 Social Life. — There are abundant opportunities here for social pleasures, 
 
326 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 and a hundred local trains a day make every portion of Chicago easily 
 accessible. 
 
 Schools. — There are excellent schools now under the management of the 
 Chicago Board of Education. The pupils in daily attendance average about 
 1,000. The entire enrollment of pupils in the public schools for the school 
 year ending June 30th, 1891 was 1,218; 611 boys and 607 girls. There were 21 
 teachers. 
 
 Stores (see Arcade). — The Pullman Company have no interest in mer- 
 chandising here ; business men simply rent stores in the Arcade, and compete 
 for business with all parts of Chicago. 
 
 Suburbs. — There are about 50,000 people within four miles of the Pull- 
 man Arcade, and the population is rapidly increasing. 
 
 Suburban Trains. — The Illinois Central Railroad runs about a hundred 
 trains a day to and from Pullman. 
 
 Theater. — (See Arcade Theater). 
 
 Terra Cotta Lumber Co. — The company manufactures a fire-proof 
 tiling which is largely used in the ceilings and in partitions of large buildings. 
 
 Tenants. — Tenants rent their dwellings from the company, and rents 
 are payable semi-monthly. There are monthly charges for gas and water. 
 The company takes care of the streets, parks and lawns. (See Buildings 
 and Rents.) 
 
 Trees. — Shade trees border both sides of all streets. The trees are 
 largely elms and maples. 
 
 Union Foundry and Car-wheel Works. — TLis company has a capacity 
 for working 1,000 men and using 250 tons of melted iron a day. All car 
 wheels and car castings are made here. All the brass finishings used in car 
 works are now made here, and this department employs 250 men, and turns 
 out $300,000 worth of work a year. 
 
 Water. — The water used here comes from Lake Michigan, and is carried 
 inside of all tenements. Water for the use of elevators and for some boilers 
 is pumped from Lake Calumet. 
 
 Water Tower. — This structure is 195 feet high, and in the top is a 
 large boiler-iron tank which holds half a million gallons. This is kept tilled 
 for use in case of fire, and only for fire use. Underneath the tower is a 
 reservoir holding over 300,000 gallons, to which all the sewage of the town 
 comes, and whence it is pumped to a farm three miles distant. (See Sewer- 
 age and Farm.) 
 
 Water Works. — The water is bought by meter measurement from the 
 city by the company, which attends to the details of collecting its own water 
 rates. The town has about fifteen miles of water mains. 
 
 Watchmen. — The shops are provided with watchmen who visit the more 
 exposed portions of the buildings at short intervals of time, day and night, 
 reporting to a central station by telephone. Every precaution is taken to 
 guard against danger from fire. 
 
 Wages. — The wages and earnings in Pullman average about $2 a day 
 for every person employed. Of course some mechanics earn $3 and $4 a day. 
 Men are paid twice a month, with checks on the Pullman bank here. The 
 Michigan Bureau of Labor and Statistics, during the summer of 1891, made 
 a personal canvass of 8,838 workingmen in 201 different industries in that 
 state, and found the average annual earnings of those operatives to be $467.02 
 each, or $143.71 less than the average annual earnings of operatives at Pull- 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 327 
 
 man. The average annual earnings at Pullman were $610.73 for that same 
 period. (See Pullman Company). 
 
 Women's Work. — As yet few women and girls are employed — about 200 
 in all the industries here. Those now at work are in clerkships, in the 
 upholstering rooms and in the Standard Knitting Mills. New industries will 
 furnisli employment for all women and girls who desire it. 
 
 Workmen. — No operatives anywhere work under better conditions than 
 here, and the earnings here are larger than those of persons doing similar work 
 elsewhere. The best and cheapest of markets, good schools, libraries and 
 churches, with delightful dwellings, and steady work at highest rates of pay, 
 make Pullman a most desirable place for the mechanic; the best, in fact, 
 which the world has yet offered him. 
 
 Pullman Palace Gar Company. — Main office, Pullman building. Presi- 
 dent, George M. Pullman. Directors, George M. Pullman, Marshall Field, 
 J. W. Doane, Norman Williams and O. S. A. Sprague, of Chicago ; Henry 
 C. Hulbert of New York, and Henry R. Read, of Boston. One of the great- 
 est corporations in the world. (See Pullman.) President Pullman supple- 
 mented his report to the last annual meeting of the Company, Thursday, 
 October 15, 1891 with the following general information : During the fiscal 
 year new contracts have been made with the following railroad companies : 
 Monterey & Mexican Gulf R. R. Co., for a period of fifteen years ; Chicago, 
 Peoria and St. Louis Ry., and Jacksonville, Louisville & St. Louis Ry., com- 
 prising the Jacksonville South-Eastern Line, for a period of twenty-five 
 years. The contract with the Illinois Central R. R. Co. has been changed for 
 a new contract, for a period of twenty -five years, this company purchasing 
 the railroad company's interest in the cars owned under the previouscontract. 
 There have been built during the year 191 sleeping, parlor and dining cars, 
 costing $3,079,693.62, or an average of $16,124.05 per car. Orders have been 
 placed at the company's works for 51 pullman cars, the estimated cost being 
 about $16,500 each, or an aggregate of $341,500. The number of cars owned 
 or controlled is 2,239, of which 1,965 are standard and 274 tourist or second- 
 class cars. The number of passengers carried during the year was 5,310,813 ; 
 the number of miles run, 186,829,836. During the previous year the number 
 of passengers carried was 5,023,057, the number of miles run 177,033,116. 
 The year just ended shows, therefore, an increase of about 6 per cent., both 
 in the number of passengers carried and miles run. The total mileage of 
 railways covered by contracts for the operation of the cars of this company is 
 124,557 miles. There has been added during the fiscal year to the company's 
 investments in shops and plant, $127,341.41. The value of manufactured 
 product of the car works of the company for the year was $11,906,977.70, 
 and of other industries, including rentals, $1,353,494.12, making a total of 
 $13,260,471.88, against $10,213,658.10 for the previous year. The average 
 number of names on the pay-rolls at Pullman for the year was 5,455, and 
 wages paid, $3,331,527.41, making an average for each person employed of 
 $610,73, against $596 46 for the previous year. The total number of persons 
 in the employ of the company in its manufacturing and operating depart- 
 ments is 13,885; wages paid during the year, $7,303,108.42. The number of 
 employes for the previous year was 12,367, and wages paid, $6,249,891.65. 
 The Pullman Loan and Savings Bank shows savings deposits at the end of the 
 fiscal year of $456,803.04, a gain of $63,951.57 over the previous year. The 
 number of depositors has increased during the year from 1,525 to 1,903, 
 
328 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 and the average for each depositor is $240.04. The entire enrollment of 
 pupils in the public school for the school year was 1,218 — 611 boys and 607 
 girls — with a regular staff of twenty-one teachers. The population, as shown 
 by the census of July 31, 1891. is 11,783 persons, as against 10,680 in the 
 previous year; 2,297 employes aie living in the immediate vicinity of Pullman 
 in houses not owned by the company. 
 
 The following is a summary of the financial statement of the company 
 for the fiscal year, ending July 1, 1891: 
 
 Revenue.— From earnings of cars, $7,871,146.07; from patents. $19,501.79; 
 from manufacturing, rentals, dividends, interest, etc, $1,881,676.80; total, 
 $9,772,324.66. 
 
 Disbursements. — Operating expenses, including maintenance of interior 
 furnishings of cars, legal expenses, general taxes and insurance, $3,569,680.89; 
 proportion of net earnings paid other interests in sleeping-car associations 
 controlled and operated by this company, $1,008,324.41; interest on debenture 
 bonds, $65,600; dividends on capital stock, $2,000,000; repairs of cars in 
 excess of mileage, $139,495.88; total, $6,783,101.18. 
 
 Surplus for the Year. — Being excess of revenue over ordinary dis- 
 bursements, carried to credit of income account, $2,989,223.48. 
 
 Richards & Kelly Manufacturing Company. — Located at 389 Twenty-third 
 street, two blockswest of Clark street. Manufacturers of prismatic sidewalk 
 and vault-lights, floor-lights, sky-lights and coal-hole covers. This concern 
 placed the great sky-light in the Palmer House, and has performed a number 
 of similar mechanical feats equally ingenious and skillful. The process of 
 manufacture is interesting to visitors. 
 
 Seed Market. — Chicago for years has been the great market of the coun- 
 try for field seeds, the facilities for shipping to all parts of the world being 
 unsurpassed. There is more grass seed shipped from this city than from any 
 other point on earth. There are a number of houses here which do an 
 immense seed business. Among them areW. W. Barnard & Co., successors 
 to Hiram Sibley, 6 and 8 N. Clark st.; Albert Dickinson & Co., 115, 117 and 
 119 Kinzie; 104 to 110 Michigan, and 1600 to 1614 Clark sts.; J. C. Vaughan 
 & Co. , 88 State st,, and the Illinois Seed Company, 16 N. Clark st. The firm 
 of Albert Dickinson & Co. is one of the greatest in the world. The Illinois 
 Seed Company is a young firm, comparatively, but, as successors to Hiram 
 Sibley & Co., has built up a great business. 
 
 Ship Building Yard. — The year 1890 witnessed the establishment of a 
 ship-yard capable of turning out vessels of the best type for lake navigation. 
 Prior to this no iron or steel vessels had been built at Chicago. This new enter- 
 prise has been undertaken by the Chicago Shipbuilding Company, composed 
 of experienced steel shipbuilders, who have located their works on the Calu- 
 met river, at South Chicago, about a mile above its entrance into Lake Mich- 
 igan. With a river frontage of about 1,400 feet and an average depth of 
 over 600 feet, the works cover over twenty acres, affording ample room for 
 the shops necessary for all the various trades and occupations concerned in 
 the building of the complete ship, with large storage ground for material 
 besides. At the south end of the property, three slips, each 400 feet long by 
 100 feet wide, have been excavated to a depth of twelve feet of water, 
 at a right angle to the river, whose sides give berths for building six 
 ships of the largest class at one time, which will be launched sideways 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. ■ 329 
 
 into the slips. Across the heads of the slips, equally convenient and access- 
 ible to all the berths, stretches a building 540 feet long by 75 feet wide, con- 
 taining the boilers and shop engine, heating furnaces for plates and angles, 
 blacksmith shop, pla'e and angle shops, small machine shop, pattern shop, 
 and in the second story a mould loft with a clear floor 200 feet by 50 feet. 
 
 Here the lines of the ships are laid down full size from the models and 
 dimensions furnished from the drafting office, and the wooden moulds made 
 by which the steel angles and the plates are shaped. The shops below aie 
 filled with machinery of the latest and most modern types — shears, punches, 
 planers, counters-sinkers, rolls, etc. 
 
 The steel comes into the yard from the mills over a side-track from the 
 Calumet River railroad, a branch of the Pennsylvania system. It is un- 
 loaded from the cars and delivered to the shops by a traveling crane of sixty- 
 two feet span, built by the Brown Hoisting and Conveying Machine Com- 
 pany, of Cleveland, Ohio. A system of overhead tracks in the shop carries 
 it to the various tools, and leaving them, a narrow-gauge railway takes ir to 
 the building berth. Here a steam cantilever crane of 120 feet span, built of 
 steel by the same company, and running on trestle-work fifty feet above the 
 ground, picks it up and delivers each plate, beam or angle to its appointed 
 place. The engines will also beputin by thiscrane before launching. The boil- 
 ers will be hoisted in place by a steel derrick on the river front after launching. 
 
 The company are now at work on their first contract, two steel steamers 
 for the Minnesota Steamship Company, to go into the Lake Superior iron ore 
 trade. They are to be 292 feet keel, 308 feet over all, 40-foot beam, and 24*^ 
 feet deep, with triple expansion enginesand steel boilers, and are to be ready 
 for the opening of navigation this year. 
 
 Thompson & Taylor Spice Company. — uocated at Michigan ave. and 
 Lake st. This is one of the largest houses of its kind in the world, and its 
 business of late has been growing immensely. The new building of the com 
 pany is a decided ornament to the grocery district. It is about ninety feet 
 wide by 130 feet long, with light on three sides. It is seven stories high, 
 giving a total height above ground of about eighty-five feet. Boilers and 
 engine of 200 horse-power are located in the basement for driving the 
 machinery throughout the building and the electric light plant. The coffee 
 machinery occupies the top story and parts of the sixth and fifth. There are 
 twenty-two roasters in one line, with coolers and stoners of corresponding- 
 capacity, and a most complete outfit for polishing, milling and separating 
 green coffee in large quantities. The establishment is the most perfectly 
 equipped of any in existence in the country, and is worthy of a visit from 
 strangers. 
 
 Union Stock Yards. — Located on South Halsted st. ; in the former town of 
 Lake, now within the corporate limits, about five and one-half miles south- 
 west of the City Hall. Take South Halsted st. horse car for yards direct, 
 or State st. cable line with transfer at Thirty-fifth or Fort}-third st. Or take 
 train at Van Buren st. depot, via Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific lailway; at 
 Union Depot via Pittsburg and Fort Wayne railroad, or at Central Depot via 
 Illinois Central railroad. The visitor will enjoy a drive to the yards by way 
 of Bridgeport, a great manufacturing centre, or by way of Michigan bfvd. to 
 Thirty-ninth st., and thence west. The Union Stock Yards were organized 
 and opened in 1865. The Stock Yards Company at the present time own 400 
 
330 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 acres of land — 320 acres in one block and eighty acres in outlying lots. The 
 larger tract is devoted to the stock yards; some 200 acres being devoted to 
 yards, etc., while the balance is occupied by railroad tracks and car sidings 
 Before you, as you enter the main arch-way, is a town with twenty miles of 
 streets, twenty miles of water-troughs, fifty miles of feeding-troughs and 
 about seventy- five miles of water and drainage pipes. Besides the regular 
 water works supply there are a number of artesian wells, having an average 
 depth of 1,230 feet. The plant of the Union Stock Yards Company proper 
 cost about $4,000,000. Present capital about $23,000,000. The plants of the 
 various packing companies cost, it is estimated, in the neighborhood of $10,- 
 000,000. Statistical information covering the immense transactions of the Union 
 Stock Yards is given elsewhere in this volume. There the visitor will 
 learn that during the year 1891, 3,250,359 cattle, a decrease from 1890 
 of 233,921; 205,383 calves, an increase over 1890 of 30,358; 8,600,805 
 hogs, an increase over 1890 of 936,977; 2,153,537 sheep, a decrease from 1890 
 of 29,130; and 94,396 horses, a decrease from 1890 of 7,170, were received at 
 the yards, the total value of which was $39,434,777. It will also be learned 
 that of the above receipts there were slaughtered 2,184,095 head of cattle, a 
 decrease from 1890 of 35,217; 157,052 calves, 5,638,291 of hogs, a decrease 
 from 1890 of 94,791; and 1,465,332 sheep. The shipments of live 
 stock from the yards were 1,066,264 cattle, a decrease from 1890 
 of 194,045; 48,331 calves, a decrease of 13,135; 2,962,514 hogs, an increase of 
 976,814; 688,205 sheep, a decrease of 241,649; 87,273 horses, a decrease of 
 7,089. Something more concerning this great market place and manufactur- 
 ing center (for meats are numbered among the manufactures of Chicago) will 
 be found elsewhere in this volume, under the head of "Live Stock Trans- 
 actions." There it will be learned that seventy-five companies are 
 engaged in the manufacture or packing of meats; that the capital 
 employed is $17,000,000; that the workers employed are 25,000; that 
 the wages paid in 1891 amounted to $15,000,000, an increase of $1,415,000; 
 and that the value of the product during 1891 was $150,000,000, an 
 increase of $12,725,000. This information, comprehensive though 
 it is, will hardly satisfy the visitor however. He has heard of the great 
 meat industry of Chicago for years, and he wants to know more con- 
 cerning it than can be extracted from mere statistics. Meat packing is the 
 oldest of Chicago's industries. In the fall of 1832 G. W. Dole slaughtered the 
 first lot of cattle ever packed in the county. They numbered 200 head and 
 cost $2.75 per cwt. About 350 hogs costing $3 per cwt. were slaughtered 
 and packed at the same time. The statistics referred to above wiJl show 
 readily and graphically how this great industry has been developed. The 
 Stock Yards to-day are one of the wonders of the world. Twenty great trunk 
 railroads, fed by hundreds of branches which stretch like a mighty octopus 
 over the land, deliver and carry away the raw and manufactured articles 
 which arrive at and depart from this spot. During the early morning the 
 Western roads are busy unloading their freight of cattle, hogs, and sheep, 
 while in the afternoon the Eastern roads are equally busy taking delivery and 
 loading up the stock that is going to Boston, New York and countless other 
 points. At the packing houses the work goes on all day — one train following 
 another carrying away the finished product of the butcher and packer. The 
 Stock Yards Company own all the railroad tracks (over 150 miles in all), and 
 do all the switching or shunting connected with the business of the Yards. 
 Every railroad company has a direct communication with the Yards, either 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 331 
 
 through its own tracks or by the Belt line; at any rate, they can all get there 
 without trouble, and no delays take place. The yards can accommodate, at 
 their fullest capacity, over 30,000 cattle, 200,000 hogs, 30,000 sheep and 4,000 
 horses, and while at times they are taxed to their fullest limit, yet as a rule 
 the stock is well and carefully looked after. As the trains come rolling in, 
 th Company take charge of the stock; and its location, name of firm to whom 
 consigned, with description, etc. are detailed in the office of the Company. 
 
 How Live Stock is Received.— Practically speaking, all stock is con- 
 signed to commission men, who at once take charge of it. Sometimes the 
 cattle are left in the pens where they are placed on arrival; but, as a rule, 
 salesmen have each certain localities in the Yards and endeavor to get all 
 their cattle located in the same place. It may be said, before going further, 
 that the yards are divided into pens. The cattle pens are in divisions, thus: 
 Division A, pen 1; or division C, pen 20; while the hog pens are located at 
 the railroad delivery points. Sheep have a separate location for themselves. 
 The cattle pens are of different sizes, holding from one animal up to 300 or 
 400 head. As a rule, local, or what are termed native, cattle come in small 
 lots, generally one or two cars at a time; while range cattle generally come 
 in train-loads of twelve to fifteen cars. A car-load averages about twenty 
 cattle, weighing 1,200 pounds each, or about 24,000 pounds to the car. The 
 hog and sheep pens are covered in. Hogs weighii.g 250 pounds each run 
 about seventy head to the car; while sheep are loaded according to weight, as 
 they differ so much in quality. One hundred fair-sized sheep generally make 
 a load. Each pen has a water trough, while in those devoted to cattle and 
 sheep hay-racks are also provided. The cattle pens especially are exceed- 
 ingly strong, the whole structure being of wood. The floors are of the same 
 material, as it is most suitable to the climate. Alleys, well "macadamized," 
 intersect the yards so that every pen is easily reached, while at convenient 
 points the weighing scales, the feed store-houses, etc., are placed. On deliv- 
 ery, the Stock Yards Company becomes responsible to the various railroad 
 companies for the freight and feed that are due for each shipment. In turn, 
 the owner, through his commission men, becomes bound for payment to the 
 Stock Yards Company. As it would be impossible to collect the freight as 
 every car comes in, a settlement of freight and feed charges is made twice a 
 week; the commission men being obliged to put up a bond of $10,000 to 
 secure the amounts that may accumulate. In this way matters run very 
 smoothly. If the owner of the cattle has no bond up, he is obliged to pay 
 the amount due before the stock is released; but so perfect is the system that 
 no friction of any kind occurs, and the business in this respect goes on from 
 day to day without any trouble. 
 
 Subjoined are the regulations and commissions of the market: 
 
 Diseased meats are condemned. 
 
 Sales, unless otherwise stated, per 100 lbs. live weight. 
 
 Dead hogs, 100 lbs. and over, ^c. per lb.; less than 100 lbs. of no value. 
 
 Broken-ribbed and bruised cattle, docked $5 per head. 
 
 Public inspectors dock pregnant sows 40 lbs. and stags (altered Jboars) 80 lbs. 
 each. 
 
 Yardage— Cattle, 25c; hogs and sheep, 8c. per head. Feed— corn, SI per bushel; 
 timothy hay, $-10; prairie hay, $20 per ton. 
 
 Commissions— Cattle, 50c. per head; calves and yearlings, $10 per car; hogs and 
 sheep, single decks, $6; double decks, $10 per car; public inspection of hogs, 15c. per 
 car. 
 
332 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 The charges for yardage are moderate, but the price charged for feed is 
 out of all proportion to market values, and there is continual complaint upon 
 Ibis latter point. Four great parties meet, as it were, in communion every 
 day at the yards — the Stock Yards Company, with its array of employes; the 
 owners of stock, drifting in from all points of the compass; the commission 
 men, with their corps of clerks and assistants; and, lastly, the host of buyers 
 who operate there. 
 
 Buying and Selling. — Buying and selling goes on every day except 
 Sunday, while Saturday has come to be looked upon as a sort of settling day 
 for the week. While, of course, cattle come in at all hours of the day, it is 
 the object of the railroads to land them in the Yards from four o'clock to 
 eight in the morning. A very large number of the cattle come out of first 
 hands ; but the majority are consigned by dealers, who pick them up in small 
 bunches in the country, except in the case of range cattle, which are practi- 
 cally consigned by the owners. The hog market opens early, and is pretty 
 well over by ten o'clock. There are scattering sales after that hour, but the 
 majority of the work is finished at the above-mentioned time. The sheep 
 market is confined very much to the morning also, while trading in cattle, as 
 a rule, opens about nine o'clock and goes on more or less up till three p. m., 
 when the whistle blows and business is suspended for the day. When it is 
 considered that for the five active working days of the weekthereare received 
 about 10,000 cattle a day, over and above hogs and sheep, the gigantic nature 
 of the business can be estimated ; but a man needs to be actually upon the 
 spot to judge even approximately of how business is carried on. The Stock 
 Yards Company employ about 1,000 men ; there are about 120 commission 
 men, who must also employ about 1,000 assistants; add to this about 300 
 buyers, and it can well be imagined that from eight o'clock in the morning 
 till three in the afternoon the Stock Yards present a very active scene. There 
 are, moreover, hundreds of owners who practically become interested specta- 
 tors of the work as it progresses, while every day a great crowd of sightseers 
 put in an appearance. The office-work is mostly confined to the Exchange 
 Building, where the Stock Yards Company, the commission men, the rail- 
 road companies, the buyers, etc., have suitable offices. A substantial bank 
 also occupies a very handsome office in the same building. As soon as the 
 cattle are delivered to the commission men, their work begins. Hay is 
 immediately ordered for the cattle ; quantities of course vary, but as a rule 
 prime cattle eat about five pounds each ; common cattle, seven and a half 
 pounds, and range cattle get an allowance of ten pounds each. The water is 
 turned into troughs, and if the cattle have been properly handled on the road, 
 they take a good fill. Very often cattle have to be sorted and classed, and 
 this, as a rule, is done before the water is turned into the troughs. As in 
 other cattle markets, both at home and abroad, supply and demand regulate to 
 a great extent the price, and when the buyer appears early on the scene it is 
 pretty good evidence of an active market. 
 
 Quick Work. — In the decimal system of currency and weights, the 
 process of buying and selling is very easy from a financial point of view. 
 The commission man asks, say, $4.00 per hundred lbs., the buyer bids $3.80 
 per hundred lbs., and they eventually agree upon $3.90 per hundred as the 
 price, then the remainder of the work is very simple. Shortly after the terms 
 are agreed upon, the cattle are driven to the scale and weighed. Before they 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 333 
 
 are run into the weighing pen, however, they are examined either by the 
 buver himself or his agent, to see that there are no broken-ribbed or bruised 
 cattle. Cattle that are severely bruised are, as a rule, thrown out and sold 
 separately, while animals with broken ribs are docked $5.00 per head as 
 stated above. The weighing scale in general use is known as the "Fair- 
 banks Live Stock Scale," and is an invention that has been of great value to 
 American stockmen. These scales have capacity to weigh 100,000 lbs., 
 which at 2,000 lbs. to the ton, is 50 tons; but, as a rule, they seldom weigh 
 more than 60,000 lbs. at a time. By this means an immense number of 
 cattle can be passed over one scale in a day. The weighing beam of the 
 scale is open to the public, and, as both the buyer and the seller have access 
 to the room in which it is placed, no disputes ever arise as to weights. An 
 official ticket of the weight is issued by an employe of the Stock Yards, who 
 also superintends the weighing, and by this means all disputes are saved. 
 After the weight has been ascertained the cattle are run off the scale, and 
 they become the property of the buyer. The commission man takes posses- 
 sion of the scale ticket and hands it to his bookkeeper, who calculates the 
 amount due, and collects immediately from the buyer. The larsre buvers 
 have arrangements with the bank to cash their tickets as they are handed in, 
 and thus all the trouble of writing cheques, etc., is saved. 
 
 Classification of Cattle. — The classes of cattle coming to market 
 are pretty well defined. We have, first, the " exporters;" this includes cattle 
 that are suitable for the Eastern markets as well as good enough to go to 
 England, Second, the "dressed beef "steers, suitable for the dressed beef 
 business. Third, " butcher stuff," composed of light steers and the better 
 grade of cows. Fourth, " canners," which includes everything not good 
 enough for butchering; and then as an extra class we have the " range" cat- 
 tle, which are pretty well divided among the last thiee classes named. 
 
 The movement of cattle is most entirely eastward. San Francisco, which 
 is a large market, draws quite a number of cattle from California and the 
 adjoining States, but otherwise there is a continual movement toward the 
 east. The movement begins at the Gulf of Mexico; the barren plains of 
 Arizona, the sage brush valleys of Nevada and far Montana, all contribute 
 and send forward their consignments. From those distant points the work 
 of shipping is no easy matter. The various lines at suitable points have feed- 
 ing-yards, where hay is supplied at three times its value. Cattle can be run 
 fr«-m300to 500 nvles without feed and water, but as a rule the feeding 
 stations are generally placed about the former distance apart. Within the 
 last year or two " Palace "stock cars have been introduced, and by this means 
 cattle can be run practically any distance, as they are constructed to allow 
 the animals to be fed and watered without unloading. What are known as 
 the " Street" cars, built on this principle, have up to this time been the best 
 produced, and they are likely to maintain their lead, as they can be divided 
 into three compartments, which to a great extent prevents bruises. 
 
 Disposing of the Receipts. — The cattle having reached Chicago are 
 sold as described above. Those which arebrought for shipment are driven 
 over to the shipping divisions, where they are loaded up and forwarded to 
 their respective lestinations. The dressed beef men generally allow their 
 cattle to remain in the pens over night, and the next day after they are pur- 
 chased they are driven over to the slaughter-houses. The alleys in the yards 
 have become so crowded that during the last few years viaducts have been 
 
334 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 constructed overhead, and along those the cattle and hogs are driven to the 
 respective packing-bouses. 
 
 The cattle having reached the point where they are made into dressed 
 beef, a description of the methods by which three-fourths of the cattle sold 
 in Cbicago market reach the consumer may now be attempted. 
 
 The dressed beef business in America was founded some twenty years 
 ago. A few years later the work was taken up by the late Mr. George H. Ham- 
 mond, of Detroit, who may be termed the father of this business. He was 
 a man of fine executive ability, and he built up through hisenergies a mag- 
 nificent trade. Hedied, unfortunately, justwhen he had reached the zenith 
 of his powers. Other partiestook up the business, and it has gradually grown 
 (figuratively speaking) from a grain of mustard-seed to a very large tree. 
 Mr. T. Eastman, opp of the largest live stock shippers in A meriea. branched 
 off into this trade; Mr. Nelson Morris, well known to every cattle-man both 
 at home and abroad, also took a hand; in 1880 Mr. G. F. Swift began 
 upon a most extensive scale; while two years later Messrs. Armour & Co. 
 also commenced the business. We have now in Chicago four immenpecon- 
 cprns — viz.. Swift & Co., Armour & Co.. Hammond & Co., and Nelson 
 Morris & Co. These firms, along with Libby, McNeill & Libby, buy a 
 very large proportion of the cattle coming into our markets. 
 
 Slaughtektng the Cattle. — The cattle on reaching the slaughter- 
 house are driven into large pens adjacent to it; thence they are driven along 
 narrow passage-ways and are put into separate compartments by themselves. 
 These compartments are just large enough to hold one bullock. Over them 
 is a wooden foot-path, along which a man can walk; the animals are either 
 shot down or felled from tiis point. Between the compartments and the 
 slaughter-house is a lifting-door which slides up mechanically. A chain is 
 passed around the horns of the animal and it is dragged into the main 
 slaughter-house, after which, the animal is properly bled. Lifting pulleys 
 worked by steam power are provided for hoisting each carcass while being 
 dressed, and iron runs for moving the carcasses in halves or quarters from 
 the hanging room to the chill-rooms. All the work in the slaughtering 
 department is done by well trained experts, each one having a single division 
 of labor to perform. For example, the hides are taken off the carcass by dif- 
 ferent trained experts in such careful manner as to give them a value of about 
 one cent per pound over the common butcher's hides; the guts are thoroughly 
 cleansed and sold for sausage casings; the contents of the entrails are con- 
 verted into fertilizing substances, which are sold in the older portions of the 
 country where the lands have been long worn by successive crops; the livers, 
 hearts, etc., are shipped with the beef to different markets, where they are 
 sold to good advantage; the bladders are dried and sold to druggists and 
 other parties; the stomach makes tripe; the tongues are always in demand at 
 good prices; the horns are sold readily to the comb and knife-haft maker; the 
 shin-bones are usually in good request for knife handles, and backs for tooth 
 and nail brushes; the knuckle bones are similarly prepared for making acid 
 phosphate, and have a fair commercial value for this purpose; the blood is 
 all utilized for different commercial purposes; the ox-tail trade is now a regu- 
 lar part of the traffic, as all the great hotels must have ox-tail soup at stated 
 times; the heads, after being trimmed, are sold for glue stock; the fat taken 
 from the inside of the bullock is made by a peculiar process into oleomarga- 
 rine, which has to be sold under its proper name, and sells to fair advantage; 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 335 
 
 neatsfoct oil is made from tLe fed, and the hoofs are ground and go in with 
 the fertilizing substances, so that every part of the bullock is utilized. 
 
 From the main slaughtering-house, which to a stranger is a sickening 
 sight, the carcasses are taken along the iron runways into the refrigerators. 
 There they cool off in a temperature of about 36° Fahr. Passing from the 
 blood-stained floors of the butchering department to the other portions of the 
 house, every one is struck with the remarkable cleanliness of the establish- 
 ment. There is not a speck of dirt. To this point the greatest attention is 
 paid, and the meat and other products from these houses are handled with 
 far more care than in the small slaughtering-houses in the country. From 
 the coolers the carcasses are run out to the loading platforms, cut into quar- 
 ters, and then put into refrigerator cars, which take the meat away and dis- 
 tribute it far and near. 
 
 A trip through the big slaughtering-houses is very interesting. The won- 
 derful dexterity of the butchers, the mechanical inventions to help the work, 
 the methodical system employed, the extreme cleanliness, and, above all, the 
 rapidity and silence with which everything is done, strike a stranger very 
 forcibly, and an impartial person who visits those great meat manufactories 
 generally comes away convinced that American ingenuity in this respect 
 " beats creation." 
 
 Packing Companies. — The great packing companies are as follows: 
 Allerton Packing Company; Anglo-American Provision Co.; Armour & Co.; 
 Washington Butchers' Sons; Calumet Canning Co.; Chicago Packing and 
 Provision Company; John Cudahy; Davis Provision Co.; Decker & Murath; 
 L. B. Dowd & Co.; Horace M. Dupee; Ellsworth &Bartlett; Fairbank Canning 
 Company; Fowler Brothers; Garden City Packing and Preserving Company; 
 Henry D. Gilbert & Co.; Guthman, Leppel & Co.; G. H. Hammond & Co.; 
 John C. Hately; G. Hunniford & Co.; Hutchinson Packing Company; Inter- 
 national Packing Company ; Jones & Stiles; Libby, McNeill & Libby; Thomas 
 J Lipton; Loss, Collins & Co.; Michener Bros. & Co.; Miller, Hendricks & 
 Co.; Minnesota Packing aud Provision Co.; Moran & Healey; John Morrell & 
 Co.; Nelson Morris & Co.; Noonan & H off ; North American Provision Co.; 
 Omaha Packing Co.; John O'Malley; Simon Ffaelzer;E. K. Pond Packing 
 Co ; Samuel Shoenman; William H. Silberhorn Co.; Swift & Co., and Under- 
 wood & Co. Not all of these concerns transact their packing business at the 
 Union Stock Yards, but all are closely allied to the great market. 
 
 "Big Four."— The visitor will hear of the "Big Four" packers. These 
 are Armour & Co., the Anglo-American Packing Co., Nelson Morris & Co., 
 and Swift & Co. These are the greatest packers of the city, and it is the firms 
 mentioned here who are engaged in the New Stock Yards enterprise. [See 
 New Stock Yards.] 
 
 The Exchange.— Just inside the entrance to the Union Stock Yards is 
 the Exchange building, where the visitor will find the offices and counting 
 rooms of the men who practically transact the live stock business of Chi- 
 cago. These are modestly styled commission men, but they are in reality mer- 
 chants, and many of them are engaged very extensively in the cattle traffic, 
 independently of their commission business. Others of them are packers 
 themselves and buy outright from shippers. Others purchase for packing 
 houses owned, controlled or managed by them elsewhere. The great major- 
 ity, however, buy and sell on commission. 
 
336 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 What One Firm Does. — Some idea of the magnitude of operations at 
 the stock yards may be formed from the following figures with reference to 
 the great house of Armour & Co. The firm did a business amounting to 
 $66,000,000 during the year ending April 1, 1891. The hogs killed by the 
 house numbered 1,714,000 ; cattle, 712,000 ; sheep 413,000. Armour & Co.'s 
 employes numbered during this period 7,900, and the aggregate wages paid 
 was $3,800,000. The firm had 2,250 refrigerator cars. The total area 
 covered by the buildings of the firm was fifty acres ; total floor area of build- 
 ings, 140 acres; chill room and cold storage area, forty acres; storage capacity 
 of buildings, 130,000 tons. The Armour Glue Works made 7,000,000 lbs. of 
 glue within the same period, 9,500 tons of fertilizers, grease, etc. The 
 ground covered by the buildings of this department cover fifteen acres, and 
 the number of employes is 600. During the year 1890 Mr. Michael Cudahy 
 separated from the house of Armour & Co. Mr. Cudahy took charge of his 
 immense interests at Omaha. The other members of the so-called "Big Four," 
 as well as many of the packing concerns not included in the quartette, also do 
 an immense business annually, as the total transactions of the yards testify. 
 
 Clay, Robinson & Co. — In connection with the live stock industry too 
 much can not be said of this most popular and reliable firm. They occupy 
 prominent quarters in the new Bank Building at the Union Stock Yards, and 
 also have well equipped offices at the Stock Yards, South Omaha. They are 
 also represented by agents in Kansas City, where, with a full and able equip- 
 ment of capable men, they can make the best possible sales for their patrons. 
 They are prepared to handle all classes of live stock at any of the above 
 points. During the past year they have sold upwards of 250,000 head of 
 cattle, in addition to a very large number of hogs and sheep. This firm, 
 realizing the necessity of some specially prepared report on the live stock 
 markets, commenced about one year ago the issuing weekly of lhe Live 
 Stock Report, which they send to their patrons and customers free of cost. 
 A paper which every feeder, breeder and shipper should not be without, its 
 columns being devoted entirely to the live-stock industry and containing much 
 valuable information not otherwise obtainable. This enables them to keep a 
 complete run of the market and to know when to ship to best advantage and 
 get the best prices. To others they will send their paper for the small charge 
 of 50 cents per annum, which can be remitted in postage stamps or money 
 order. In addition to The Report they will also send to each subscriber one of 
 two beautifully-colored lithographs of English hunting scenes, especially 
 prepared for the holidays. Address Clay, Robinson & Co., Union Stock 
 Yards, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Wood Brothers. — The firm of Wood Bros., live stock commission mer 
 ehants, doing business at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, and established in 
 the year 1867, when the live stock interest of Chicago was comparatively in 
 its infancy. With the growth of the business here, the firm of Wood Bros 
 have done a constantly increasing business, and at the present time are the 
 largest handlers of live stock on commission in Chicago. They are also doing 
 a leading business in South Omaha. The present members of the firm are 
 S. E. Wood, James Wood, E. A. Wood and R. Nash, each of whom have 
 been exclusively engaged in this line for over twenty years. This firm, per- 
 haps, has a more general business than any firm at the stock yards; in other 
 words, they receive stock from all sections of the country tributary to the 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 337 
 
 Chicago market, and make a specialty of every class, having their business so 
 systematized that each class of stock is handled by separate and expert sales- 
 men. By this means they have been able to give the very best results to their 
 patrons, and by promptness, enterprise and constant attention to all the details 
 of their business, have been enabled thus to build up their trade to its present 
 proportions. They number among their patrons some of the largest raisers 
 and feeders of stock in the United States, and in the year 1891 sold for one 
 company — the Home Land & Cattle Co., of St. Louis — about 14,000 head of 
 beef steers. All parties, whether shipping small or large quantities, will 
 receive uniform courtesy and attention, and their interests will be carefully 
 protected. 
 
 Sights in Packing Town.— When the visitor, all new to the wonders of the 
 yards and packing town, gets inside of the main entrance his ignorance 
 oetrays him. He loiters about and exposes himself to the guide. The guide 
 is a walking directory of the stock yards and he will place his entire stock of 
 knowledge at your disposal for 25 cents. He is one of the few persons who 
 have mastered the names of all the "streets" and "avenues," for every 
 crooked and narrow passageway between the big brick buildings is either a 
 street or an avenue. The main thoroughfare is Packers ave. The guide 
 leads the visitor first to the gallery adjoining the Exchange restaurant. If 
 he does not get a few exclamations of delight and surprise out of the visitor 
 when they mount the gallery then he feels discouraged and loses interest in 
 his job. This gallery overlooks the great checker-board within the squares 
 of which there are swarms of cattle; "herds" is not the word to use, for 
 there are too many. To the west are the packing houses, palaces of refined 
 butchery. From the packing houses comes an odor, a plainly perceptible 
 odor, which is rather disagreeable at first. This packing town odor has been 
 unjustly criticised. It is unpleasant only on short acquaintance. Toany one 
 accustomed to it there is only a pleasant suggestion of rich, ruddy blood and 
 long rows of tempting "sides "hung up to cool. The stock-yards atmos- 
 phere is healthful. Tne average weight of a packing-house employe is about 
 a hundred and eighty pounds. "Nick" Baker, who kills 5,000 hogs every 
 day for Armour, weighs 250 pounds. The only man around the yards who 
 does not seem to gather adipose is George T.Williams, manager of the Union 
 Stock Yards. His figure is rather spare. It is said that if he would lenghten 
 his office hours his weight would soon approach that of George Sunderland. 
 The latter is autocrat of the great Armour packing houses, and perhaps the 
 best known and one of the most popular men in packing town. Twenty 
 years of business responsibilities such as would have reduced an ordinary 
 man to a mere shadow have failed to deposit a single wrinkle on Mr. Sunder- 
 land's placid features. He spends most of his time out of doors, sitting on 
 the office steps. Every few minutes a messenger boy rushes up to him and 
 hands him some communication involving, perhaps, the purchase of 5,000 
 animals " on the hoof," or the loading of 150 refrigerator cars. Mr. Sunder- 
 land writes a few words on the back of the message after he has glanced at 
 the contents. For being able to always write the proper thing Mr. Sunder- 
 land receives a salary which it would take five figures to indicate. He is on 
 friendly terms with all of the thousands of men under him and is altogether 
 unpretentious in manner and dress. In a little office back of the Exchange 
 building Nelson Morris has his headquarters. He is an inveterate whittler. 
 The floor of his office is literally carpeted with fine shavings, and a number 
 
338 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 of white-pine sticks are always neatly corded up on his desk. It is a com- 
 mon saying around the yards that the shipper who is on hand at the office 
 early in the morning with a good straight-grained stick will get his cars out 
 first. When the millionaire packer is dictating to his private secretary or 
 issuing important orders he whittles somewhat furiously and cuts his notches 
 deep. ~ Every notch represents several dollars. A pleasant-faced old gentle- 
 man with silvery hair rides horseback up and down the principal " streets " 
 of the yards each day. He is on the lookout for crippled or " lumpy- jawed " 
 animals, and is the agent of the State Live stock Commission. This is Captain 
 McDonald, for many years assistant warden of the Joliet penitentiary. He 
 still carries a scar given him by the notorious desperado Frank Rande, and 
 has a knowledge of "crooks" such as only few men in the country can claim. 
 After years of experience with tough mortals he finds it rather to his liking 
 to do some humane work among the more appreciative occupants of the 
 stock-yards " pens." There is one particular guide at the stockyards fre- 
 quently pointed out asan extremely interesting fellow. This is "Old Bill," 
 the bunko steer. He is perhaps the most depraved animal in existence. 
 There is no element of brotherly love or patriotism in his nature. His duty 
 at the yards is to guide droves of cattle to the slaughter houses. He has 
 mastered his little act and reducedsteering steers to a science. Every day 
 he takes his post near one of Armour's packing houses and waits until it is 
 necessary to drive a herd of cattle up the viaduct to the killing-rooms. H<; 
 then joins the drove, ingratiates himself into their good-will, and tells them 
 that he knows of a good pasture not far away. At his suggestion the cattle 
 think about it and finally resolve to let him lead them there. Bill, the bunko 
 steer, laughs softly and a cruel look lights his eyes. He lopes off through the 
 mud toward a large gate not far away. Following after him are a hundred 
 or more cattle, every one entertaining a vision of gently-swelling hills covered 
 with long, wavy blue-grass and sweet-clover blossoms. Bill leads them to this 
 gate and allows the herd to go through it, while he steps aside and avoids the 
 rush. As the dust of the rush clears off a little a familar figure is observed 
 slowly strolling away from the gate. It is "Bill." On his face is no 
 remorse as he saunters back to his post of duty near a tall fence. He is then 
 ready to betray a couple hundred more of his unsuspecting relatives. 
 
 W. W. Kimball Company. — The great piano and organ factories of the 
 W. W. Kimball Company are among the attractions of Chicago, and will 
 interest the visitor about as much as any that can be pointed out. The build- 
 ings composing the factories are three in number, each being a counterpart of 
 the other, five stories high, with a frontage of eighty feet and a depth of 250 
 feet. Together they have a floorage of over 300,000 square feet. They are 
 located on the Chicago river, and near the junction of two railroads, with a 
 private switch leading into the premises. The grounds comprise over seven 
 acres of land, the most of which is used as a lumber yard. The company have 
 some 4,000,000 square feet of lumber on hand. The six large dry -houses 
 hold 150,000 square feet. As soon as the lumber is sufficiently dried it is 
 placed on little cars made expressly for that purpose, and wheeled directly 
 into the mill-room, where it is cut up into proper shapes for both pianos and 
 organs. For this purpose the company have all the latest improved machines. 
 The work if divided between the three factories, the organs being made in 
 one, while the others are devoted exclusively to pianos. All the mill work, 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 339 
 
 however, is done in the organ factory. These factories give employment to 
 six hundred men. Each factory is divided by a thick fire-wall into three 
 parts. The company is now shipping about 100 pianos every week, or about 
 5,000 per annual, and about 12,000 organs a year. Permission to visit the 
 factories may be obtained at the Wabash avenue salesroom. 
 
 The new Kimball building on Wabash avenue is one of the finest edifices 
 for the purpose in the country. It has a frontage of eighty feet, is seven 
 stories high, and is built of chocolate-colored brick, with brown-stone trim- 
 mings. All the walls are deadened and all the floors double, with cement 
 filling and air-chambers between. No expense has been spared to make this 
 one of the strongest and most durable buildings of its kind. The ware-rooms 
 and offices occupy the first floor; Kimball Hall, with two rooms adjoining for 
 the exhibition of Concert and Baby Grands, occupies the second floor. The 
 hall has a seating capacity for about 600 people, but it is so arranged that the 
 two rooms devoted to the sale of grands can be used to enlarge the hall by 
 means of folding doors, which will double the seating capacity. The five 
 floors above are furnished for offices and studios, front and back, for the use of 
 musicians, teachers, artists, etc. There are upwards of fifty of these rooms, the 
 most of which are already engaged. The hall and ware-rooms are ventilated 
 by a special system of exhaust ventilation, oy means of which every particle 
 of air can be changed every fifteen minutes. The temperature is controlled 
 by an electric apparatus, which acts automatically and can be adjusted so as 
 to furnish any degree of heat required. All of the elevators are run by steam 
 or water and tbe building is lighted throughout by incandescent lights. The 
 latest improvements of all kinds in every department have been used, and 
 every detail carefully attended to in order to make this a model structure. 
 Location of building, 243 to 253 Wabash ave. near Jackson st. 
 
 HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES. 
 
 The hospitals of Chicago are numerous, the system under which they are 
 conducted, as a rule, is liberal, their management is admirable, and their 
 charity is Catholic in its scope. The visitor or stranger in this city if stricken 
 down by accident or disease need not fear but that he will be cared for with 
 the same solicitude and tenderness that he would find at his own home, no 
 matter what his nativity or his creed may be, or whether he be rich or penni- 
 less. The hospitals of Chicago never close their doors upon the stranger. 
 Public, private, protestant, Roman Catholic and Jewish institutions alike are 
 open to men, women and children in distress, without question, and, when 
 there is a necessity for it, without price. There are thirty-five patrol wagons 
 in the police service, every one of which is equipped as an ambulance, and is 
 used as such in case of emergency. One or more of these may be summoned 
 to the scene of an accident, or to the relief of a striken person, within the 
 space of ten minutes from almost any given point in the city. In addition to 
 the patrol ambulance service, there are two regular ambulances, built espe- 
 cially with a view to the comfort of afflicted or injured persons, and this num- 
 ber will in all probability be increased to twenty-five before the Worlds'Expo- 
 sition is held here. To Miss Ada C. Sweet belongs the honor of originating 
 
340 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 the regular ambulance service in this city. Those who need medical attend- 
 ance autl medicine, and fiud themselves unable to meet the cost of the same, 
 will be provided for at the various dispensaries mentioned below. The hos- 
 pitals and dispensaries of the city are as follows: 
 
 Dispensaries. — Alexian Brothers' Hospital, Pharmacy, 539 N. Market 
 st. American College of Dental Surgery, 78-80 State st. Arihour 
 Mission, Thirty-third st., se. cor. Butterneld st.; open daily (Sundays 
 excepted) from 9 to 11 a. m. Bennett Free Dispensary, Ada and Fulton 
 sts.; Supt., H. S. Tucker, M D,; attended by the Faculty of the Bennett 
 M^dicil College; open daily (Sundays excepted) from 1:30 to 3 p. m. Be 
 thesda Free Medical Mission, 406 Clark St.; under care of W. C. T. U. ; 
 open every day, except Saturdays and Sundays, from 3 to 5 p. m. Central 
 Free Dispensary of West Chicago, Wood and W. Harrison sts.; attended 
 by the Faculty of Rush Medical College; Medical Superintendent, Philip 
 Adolphus, M. D.; office hours, 9 to 12 a. m., and 1 to 6 p. m.; Sundays, 9 to 
 10:30 a. m. Central Homoeopathic, S . Wood and York sts. ; attended by the 
 Faculty of the Chicago Homoeopathic College; Superintendent, Curtis M. 
 Beebe, M. D.; open daily (except Sundays) from 9 to 12 a. m., and 2 to. 4 
 p. m. Chicago Clinic Association, open daily, from 3:30 to 4:30 p. m. ; 
 room 215, 70 State st. Chicago College op Dental Surgery, 122 Wabash 
 ave.; open daily from 9 a. m. to 4 p. m ; Supt., N. D. Edmonds, M. D., 
 D. D. S. Chicago Hospital for Women and Children, Paulina and W. 
 Adams sts.; op3n every day except Sunday. Chicago Polyclinic Dis- 
 pensary, 176 Chicago ave.; open 8:30 a. m. to 6 p. m. daily. Chicago 
 Spectacle Clinic, 70 State st., room 209; open 9 to 10 a. m.; 
 Dr. Fannie Dickinson, surgeon in charge. German Hospital, 754- 
 756 Larabee st.; attended by J. Hoelscher, M. D., and hospital 
 house physicians; hours 9 to 12 A. m. and 2 to 4 P. m., except Sun- 
 day. Hahnemann College Free Dispensary, 2813 Groveland ave.; 
 attended by the faculty of Hahnemann Medical College; open all day. Illi- 
 nois Eye and Ear Infirmary, 121 S. Peoria st.; open daily (except Sunday) 
 from 1 to 3 p. m.; Supt., E. C. Lawton. Lincoln Street Dispensary 
 (Women's Medical College), 335-337 S. Lincoln st.; open from 2:30 to 5 p. m. 
 Michael Reese Hospital Free Dispensary, Groveland ave., ne. cor. Twen- 
 ty-ninth st. National Temperance Hospital, 3411 Cottage Grove ave.; 
 open from 10 to 12 a. m. and 2 to 4 p. m.; North Star, 192 Superior st.; 
 Supt., E.J. Broughan.M.D.; open daily (except Sunday) 1 to 2 p.m. North- 
 western College of Dental Surgery, 1203 Wabash ave.; openfrom8A.M. 
 to 6 p. m. South Side Free Dispensary, Prairie ave. and Twenty-sixth 
 st. ; open daily 1 to 3 p. m.; attended by the faculty of Chicago Medical Col- 
 lege. St. Luke's Free Dispensary, 1420-1430 Indiana ave.; open daily 
 from 12 m. to 4 p. m. West Side Free Dispensary, in College of Physi- 
 cians and Surgeons, 315 Honore and W. Harrison st.; open daily (except Sun- 
 day) from 1 to 5 p. m.; Pres., S. A. Mc Williams, M.D. Woman's Hospital 
 of Chicago, Rhodes ave., nw. cor. Thirty-second St.; open daily (except 
 Sunday) from 2 to 4 p. m. Young Women's Christian Association (for 
 women and children), 39 Howland blk.; open Monday and Friday from 12 m. 
 to 1 p. m ; Supt., Dr. Odelia Blinn. 
 
 Alexian Brothers' Hospital. — Located at 539 to 569 North Market street. 
 Take North Market street car. Conducted by the order of Cellites or Alexian 
 Brothers; Brother Phillip Krainer, rector. A Roman Catholic hospital which 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 341 
 
 admits all creeds and classes. The hospital is conveniently situated. The 
 buildings are large and handsome. The care taken of patients is unexcelled 
 anywhere. 
 
 Augustana Hospital — Located at 151 Lincoln ave. Take Lincoln ave. 
 cable line. Conducted by the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Churches. 
 Suraeon in-chief, Dr. A. J. Ochsner, a commodious structure and a hospitaJ 
 of high standing. 
 
 Bennett Hospital. — Located at the corner of Ada and Fulton sts. Take 
 Lake street car. President, P. L. Clark, M. D.; resident physician, secretary 
 and treasurer, H. S. Tucker, M. D. A hospital of the smaller order. 
 
 Chicago Emergency Hospital. — Located at 192 E. Superior street. Take 
 North Clark street cable line. Conducted under the auspices of an associa- 
 tion of Cnristian ladies. Its object is to care for persons suddenly stricken, 
 and who can not be removed to the regular hospitals without risk of life. 
 Matron, Mrs. F. Birkner. Physicians, Drs. Chr. Fenger and Ralph Isham. 
 House doctor, Dr. O. Waters. 
 
 Chicago Homoeopathic Hospital. — Located at the corner of South Wood 
 and York sts. Take Ogden ave. or W. Taylor st. car. C. T. Hood, Jr., 
 M. D., superintendent. 
 
 Chicago Floating Hospital. — Located at North Pier, Lincoln Park. Take 
 North Clark street cable line. Open only during July and August. [See 
 " Chicago Daily News Fresh Air Fund," under head of ' ' Charities."] Presi- 
 dent, Joseph Stockton; treasurer, George Sturges. 
 
 Chicago Hospital for Women and Children. — Located at the northwest 
 corner of West Adams and Paulina sts., West side. Mrs. J. C. Hilton, presi- 
 dent; Mrs. Geo. Oberne, secretary, Mrs. Henry Wilkinson, treasurer. Take 
 Madison st. or Ogden ave. cable car. This is one of the handsomest charity 
 structures in the city. It was founded in 1865, and was destroyed in the great 
 fire of 1871. Its founder was a woman and a physician, Dr. Mary Harris Thomp- 
 son, who is still at the head of its surgical and medical staff. Its beginning 
 giew out of the philanthropic work done during the war by the ladies of 
 Chicago among the soldiers and their families. The first building occupied 
 was a small, old-fashioned house at the corner of Rush and Indiana streets. 
 This was opened in May. The following May they removed to a larger 
 building on Ohio street, near Clark. Here they remained three years and 
 three months, and then made another move to 402 North State st., which was 
 purchased by two trustees, Mr. Gilbert Hubbard and J. Y. Scammon, for its 
 use, where the great fire of 1871 overtook them, laying the building in ashes. 
 The perils under which the patients, twenty-two in number, suffered that 
 night are still remembered by the survivors. A tent was erected on the 
 prairie, in which the officers and their charges remained until the 
 morning of October 10, when Dr. Thompson, who had been searching for 
 a house, returned with the news that she had found one on the West Side. 
 The patients were hurried away from their uncomfortable quarters to the 
 hastily arranged hospital, a three-story dwelling on West Adams st. The 
 Relief and Aid Society came at once to their rescue, and the entire building 
 was fitted up in a rude way and filled from garret to cellar with women and 
 children, victims of the conflagration. There had been enormous barracks 
 constructed for the temporary assistance of the thousands of homeless people 
 by the R 'lief and Aid Society, and they finally decided that this hospital 
 must come with these barracks, that more good might be done with the money 
 
342 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 necessary to support it separately. The hospital was thus again disunited. 
 After a few weeks' trial of this consolidation the hospital ladies were informed 
 that they must again assume charge of their patients, and gave them out of 
 the relief fund $25,000 for the purchase of a prominent site for their institu- 
 tion. With this they bought the lots at Paulina and Adams sts., 150x130 feet, 
 on which stood a small wooden building. This was raised and remodeled at an 
 expense of $3,000. The hospital occupied the remodeled dwelling on Adams 
 st. until 1883, when Dr. Thompson determined upon a new one, so sufficiently 
 commodious that no worthy sufferer need be turned away for lack of room. 
 The building was at once begun, and was ready for occupancy in December, 
 1886; and it is now free of debt and valued, together with its grounds, at 
 something over $100,000. It is five stories and basement and constructed of 
 brick and stone. The entire force within its walls, with the exception of the 
 engineer, fireman and janitor are women. The expenses of the institution are 
 met by voluntary contributions from the philanthropic, not only in Chicago, 
 but from all over the land wherevtrits good works are known, and by receipts 
 from paying patients, who frequently come from distant homes to avail them- 
 selves of its superior advantages for treatment and perfect nursing. There 
 are eighty beds, of which twenty are in private rooms. There is a training 
 school attached, and here their nurses are prepared for the important and 
 delicate duties before them. Dr. Thompson has not resided in the hospital 
 since the fire, but has always been at the head of its medical and surgical 
 staff, She also retains entire charge of the gynecological ward. There are 
 six attending physicians and six physicians on the dispensary staff. The 
 consulting staff are fifteen of Chicago's ablest city physicians. 
 
 Cook County Hospital. — Situated between Wood, Harrison, Lincoln and 
 Polk streets, West Side. Take Ogden avenue, Taylor street, or Van Buren 
 street car. One of the largest public hospitals in the world. It is conducted 
 under the management of a Warden, appointed by the County Commission- 
 ers. The visitor will be much interested by a walk through the spacious 
 wards and corridors of this immense institution. The Cook County Hospital 
 was established in 1865, though it did not begin its work until January, 1866. 
 Previous to that time the city had been accustomed to board its sick at Mercy 
 Hospital. But in January, 1866, it fitted up two wards in the old City Hos- 
 pital, at the corner of Eighteenth and Arnold sts., and moved to them twelve 
 patients from Mercy Hospital. These wards were soon filled and additions 
 to the building were erected. But very soon these also were overcrowded, 
 and in 1876 the institution was removed to its present location, at the corner 
 of West Harrison and Wood sts. The new buildings, which were not all 
 erected at the same time, consist now of a long administration building of 
 imposing appearance, and a pavilion of four wards, and a wing of three wards 
 on each side of it, with generous spaces between all these buildings, conducing 
 greatly not only to their appearance, but to the light, ventilation and comfort 
 of the wards. They are situated on a lot containing twelve acres of ground. 
 In the administration building are the main office, the examining-room for 
 patients, the drug store, the office of the custodian, the office for coroner's 
 inquests, theofnces of the warden, the registrar, the chief clerk, the hospital 
 committee, and the medical board, and the private apartments of warden, in- 
 ternes aud druggist. In the rear of this building is the instrument-room, the 
 office of the training school for nurses, and the amphitheatre. The buildings 
 taken to aether constitute almost a village in themselves. It has an immense laun- 
 dry, a kitchen that turns out 4,000 pounds of bread a week, a large drug store, a 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 343 
 
 grocery store and its own carpenters, painters, steamfitters and plumbers. It 
 always contains 500 patients and 200 physicians, nurses and employes. The 
 kitchen has in connection an ice house holding forty tons of ice. The wards 
 are fourteen in number, and of these, three are male medical, five are male 
 surgical, one is female medical and two female surgical, in addition to one 
 obstetrical ward and one ward for children. The pavilion wards are very 
 large, being 120 feet long by thirty in width. They are lighted by windows 
 on each side and contain a row of beds on each side. There are in each of 
 them about forty-two beds. The wing wards are 46 by 15 feet in size and 
 contain about thirty beds. They are lighted by windows on three sides. 
 Every ward has in connection with it a bath-room, a nurse-room, a linen-room, 
 a kitchen and dining-room. The surgical wards have also operating rooms. 
 The beds are all of iron, with woven wire springs. The floors of the wards 
 are of Georgia pine and the floors of the corridors are paved with tiles. The 
 organization of this vast establishment is large enough for many a city. The 
 officers now are, John J. Phelan, warden; Dr. Louis J. Mitchell, registrar; 
 T. W. Corkell, chief engineer; John J. Mahoney, custodian; Dr. D. P. Rus- 
 sell, druggist, and Miss Virginia S. Field, superintendent of nurses. The 
 medical attendance is furnished by three large medical boards, one for the 
 allopaths, one for the homoeopaths and one for the eclectics, and each board 
 is divided into corps of surgeons, physicians, gynaecologists, oculists, aurists 
 and pathologists. In like manner there is a house staff for the allopaths, 
 another for the homoeopaths and another for the eclectics, and each staff is 
 divided into surgical officers and medical officers. High over all these officials 
 are the hospital committee, consisting of J. W. Reilly, chairman, J. T. Kelly, 
 N. A. Cool, O. D. Aller and P. F. Maloney, who have fine apartments and are 
 treated with wonderful respect at the hospital. During the six months end- 
 ing January 1, 1889, there were received and treated 3,255 cases, and during 
 the six months ending July 1, 1889, 3,903 cases, showing an increase of 648. 
 As there were 435 patientspresent on January 1, 1889, and 488 on July 1, 1889, 
 the number in the hospital during the two periods respectively was 3,690 and 
 4,391. So that, as large as the institution is, it is only a matter of time when 
 its vast accommodations will have to be increased to keep pace with the grow- 
 ing wants of the city. 
 
 German Hospital.— Located, at 754-756 Larrabee street, North Side. 
 Take Larrabee street car. President and treasurer, F. F. Hemming; secretary, 
 JohnC. Burmeister; surgeon-in-chief, Dr. Christian Fengar; physician-in- 
 chief, G. Hassert, M. D. This is one of the leading though not the largest 
 hospitals in the city, and is supported by an association of citizens of Ger- 
 man birth and descent. 
 
 German Hospital. Located at 754-756 Larrabee street, North Side. 
 Take Lincoln ave. street car. President and treasurer, F. F. Henning; secre- 
 tary, John C. Burmeister; surgeon-in-chief, Dr. Christian Fenger; physician - 
 in-chief, G. Hessert, M. D. This is one of the leading though not the largest 
 hospitals in the city, and is supported by donations and an association of citi- 
 zens mostly of German birth and descent. 
 
 Hahnemann Hospital. — Located at 2813-2815 Groveland ave. Take Cot- 
 tage Grove ave. cable line. This hospital is established for the homoeopathic 
 treatment of medical and surgical diseases. It is the only exclusively homoeo- 
 pathic hospital in Chicago. It is a private institution and wholly under con- 
 
344 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 trol of its Board of Trustees and Medical Staff. It is open for the reception 
 of patients at all times during the year and takes all classes except con- 
 tagious diseases. It has a resident physician, a surgeon, a corps of trained 
 nurses and a staff of eminent visiting physicians. Clinics for the treatment 
 of charity patients by specialists in charge of the different departments are 
 held. Women are received for confinement. Pay patients may enter at any 
 time. Charity cases are received from September to May, and may enter two 
 weeks before confinement. Board, nursing and attendance may be obtained 
 for from nine to twenty -five dollars per week, according to accommodations 
 demanded. 
 
 Hebrew Hospital. — Jewish residents of Chicago have in hand the creation 
 of a hospital on the West Side, with a dietary system, strictly in accordance 
 with the orthodox Jewish law. It is said that many people of the faith are 
 deterred from entering other hospitals by fear that the treatment prescribed 
 mny interfere with rabbinical laws. The hospital will probably be estab- 
 lished this year. 
 
 Maurice Porter Memorial Free Hospital. — Located at 606 Fullerton ave. 
 Surgeons, Thurman W. Miller, M. D., W. S. Belfield, M. D. Superinten- 
 dent, Miss E. C. Culter. Also Physicians, Dr. Chas. Rutter and Dr. W. S. 
 Christopher. 
 
 Linncen Hospital. — Formerly known as "The Maternity Hospital." 
 Located at 1619 Diversey avenue. It is now a public hospital. At one time 
 ihe hospital was a private institution under the management of Dr. Sven- 
 Wiudrow, but the idea of making it a free hospital for the benefit of strangers 
 in this country, especially those of Scandinavian parentage, was finally sug- 
 gested. It was favorably received and then carried out. The idea of the 
 projectors of the new institution is to make of it a place where the poor of 
 any nationality can be treated foT all diseases. The building is a five-story 
 structure and it has accommodations for thirty-four patients. Formerly only 
 those who needed the advice and attention of a midwife were admitted, but 
 the plans have now been changed. Miss Anna Malmquist, matron. 
 
 Mercy Hospital. — Located on Twenty-sixth st. and Calumet ave. Take 
 Cottage Grove ave. cable line to Twenty-sixth st. Conducted by the Sisters 
 of Mercy. Medical and Surgical attendance by the faculty of the Chicago 
 Medical College, which is located on the Hospital grounds. [See Northwest- 
 ern University.] The oldest and one of the largest of existing hospitals. 
 This splendid institution was organized in 1851. The leading medical men 
 of Chicago had opened in 1850 the Lake House, a hospital which they styled 
 The Illinois General Hospital of the Lakes. The city at that time had a pop- 
 ulation of about 30,000. "It was supplied with water by an engine and pump 
 at the foot of Lake st. Chicago previous to this time had neither sewer nor 
 water. The city authorities were making a three-cornered plank sewer on 
 Clark (then spelled Clarke) st. To call attention to sanitary improvements, 
 Dr. N. S. Davis, who has been connected with the hospital ever since, gave 
 six lectures, from the proceeds of which, together with some donations, twelve 
 beds were purchased. Finding: that the hospital was not conducted to their 
 liking, the doctors asked the Sisters of Mercy to take charge of it, which they 
 did. They at once doubled the number of beds, and the hospital soon occu- 
 pied half of the Lake House building. The hospital passed entirely into the 
 hinds of the Sisters. For a short time it occupied another structure called 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 345 
 
 the Tippecanoe House, a poorly built and badly arranged affair, from which 
 location it was removed to a building erected by the Sisters for an Orphan- 
 age. After several years it was removed to a fine edifice erected for a young 
 ladies' seminary. In 1869 the corner-stone of the present hospital building 
 was laid. The site was purchased in Mother Agatha O'Brien's time, with 
 the first money laid up by Mother M. Vincent McGeir, when in 
 charge of the old hospital. As Bishop Vandevelde, then in charge of this 
 diocese, had peculiar views regarding the propriety of a religious order pos- 
 sessing property in common, the purchase was made through the agency of a 
 friend. It cost six hundred dollars. The above facts are gathered from a 
 chapter in "Leaves from the Annals of the Sisters of Mercy," written by 
 " a member of The Order of Mercy" (Sister Mary Teresa Austin Carroll) who, 
 upon referring to the original cost of the site, adds: "It is now (1889) worth 
 two hundred thousand dollars ! " The probability is that the site is much more 
 valuable to-day than it was in 1889, as it embraces one of the finest blocks, 
 fronting on two of the handsomest avenues in the Southern part of the city. 
 The building erected in 1869, to which additions have since been made, was 
 looked upon at the time as being a magnificent structure. It is a fine edifice, 
 even in the present age of wonders in Chicago architecture, but it has long 
 since ceased to meet the requirements of the sisters. The hospital, always popu- 
 lar, has had a steadily increasiug patronage for the past ten years, and the sisters 
 have been compelled to exeicise all their ingenuity to care lor the great num- 
 ber ^ h ) have sought admission . The Sisters at one time cared for the county 
 patients. [See Cook County Hospital.] The medical and surgical departments of 
 the hospital are referred to else wheie. It is hardly possible to say anything that 
 would be new to the public regarding the Sisters of Mercy as nurses of the sick. 
 Their unselfish devotion, their fearless regard of duty, on the field of battle 
 or in the midst of a plague-stricken community; their gentleness of touch, 
 their patient assiduity in the care of the old and the young, the poor and the 
 rich, the resident and the stranger, have long attracted the attention and the 
 admiration of people, Protestant and Jew as wel? as Roman Catholic, the 
 world over. The Sisters of Mercy Hospital, in this city, have brought 
 thousands back from the brink of the grave, and composed the minds of 
 thousands more for the inevitable end. They have won the affectionate 
 regard and the most exalted respect of the best people of the community, and 
 no institution in Chicago stands higher than the hospital which they manage. 
 The building has become too small for them. It is not the structure their 
 great work of christain love and charity demands, and it is probable that in 
 the near future either the entire site of the present hospital will be built upon, 
 with the main building facing, Prairie avenue, or a new site, farther to the 
 south, will be selected. The contiguity of the present site to the heart of the 
 city, however, renders it most desirable. 
 
 Michael Reese Hospital. — Located at Twenty-ninth street and Groveland 
 avenue; take Illinois Central train to Twenty-first street or Cottage Grove 
 avenue cable line. This is one of the most praiseworthy institutions in the 
 city, and is conducted under the auspices of the United Hebrew Charities, 
 which also has under its charge and protection a training school for nurses, a 
 dispensary, a library, an employment bureau, a relief society, a cemetery, 
 and numerous auxiliary charities. The Executive Board for 1890-91 is as 
 follows: Isaac Greens'felder, president; Herman F. Hahn, vice-president; 
 Herman Schaffner, treasurer; Charles Hefter, financial secretary; Benja- 
 
346 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 min J. Wertheimer, recording secretary; Boerne Bettman, Bernard Cahn, 
 Morris Einstein, Henry L. Frank, Bernard Mergentheim, Henry N.Hart, 
 Henry Elkan, Emanuel Frankenthal, Jacob Rosenberg, Leo Fox, trustees; 
 Francis E. Kiss, superintendent; S. Bartenstein, superintendent of Labor 
 Bureau. 
 
 All red tape is abolished in connection with this hospital, as are regular 
 visiting days at the relief rooms ; applicants are received during all business 
 hours of each day and during every business day in the year. Recently the 
 capacity of the hospital, a fine building, has been greatly increased, the train- 
 ing school for nurses established, and a children's ward added. Additional 
 assistants have also been added to the hospital relief force. This hospital 
 ranks among the best in the country, both in its internal arrangements and its 
 medical staff. During the fiscal year of 1889-90 the Relief officers assisted, 
 including adults and children, over sixty-five hundred persons, and a much 
 larger number during 1890-91. Among recent bequests was that of $10,000 
 from the family of the late Conrad Seiph, and $4,100 from others. Work- 
 ing for the various charities and The Young Men's Hebrew Association, the 
 West Side Ladies' Sewing Society, the North Side Ladies' Sewing Society, 
 the West Side Ladies' Aid Society, the South Side Ladies' Sewing Society 
 and the Young Ladies' Aid Society, all of which contribute largely toward 
 their maintenance. The cemetery is located at Ridgelawn, in the suburbs, 
 and has been beautified greatly of late. Sixty-one persons were buried there 
 by the United Societies in 1879. For the fiscal year of 1889-90 nearly $17,000 
 were expended for relief, some $13,500 of which was contributed by the vari- 
 ous Hebrew congregations ; the general expenses of the hospital amounted to 
 nearly $27,000, exclusive of over $15,600 expended upon permanent improve- 
 ments. The total amount received by way of donations and subscriptions for 
 relief, and for the hospital, amounted to $33,457.56. The receipts from pay 
 patients, together with the amount of interest collected from the sinking* 
 fund, amounted to less than $14,000. The sum total in the sinking fund, of 
 every kind and character belonging to the association, amounted to about 
 $94,000. 
 
 National Temperance Hospital. — Located at 3411 Cottage Grove ave. 
 Take Cottage Grove ave. cable line. Mrs. M. C. Baker, president ; Mrs. J. 
 B. Payne, treasurer ; Linnie M. Ousley, M. D. Conducted under the auspices 
 of the National Woman's Christian Temperance Union. 
 
 Presbyterian Hospital of the City of Chicago. — Location, Congress street, 
 Hermitage avenue and Wood street. The Ogden avenue, Van Buren street, 
 Harrison and Washington and Harrison and Adams street cars pass within a 
 block of the hospital. While this institution is nominally Presbyterian, 
 nevertheless it is conducted for the purpose of " affording surgical and medical 
 aid and nursing to sick and desirable persons of every creed and nationality 
 and color; and provides them, while inmates of the Hospital, with the minis- 
 trations of the Gospel agreeably to the doctrine and forms of the Presbyterian 
 Church.'' The officers are: Mr. George M. Bogue, president; Mr. Wm. A. 
 Douglass, secretary; Mr. George W Hale, treasurer; H. B. Stehman, M. D., 
 medical superintendent. The Hospital building proper is the largest and 
 most handsome private structure of its kind in the city. Exclusive of 
 employes, it has a capacity for 175 patients. The Maternity building contains 
 fifteen beds, and the Convalescent Home, twenty beds. All of these depart- 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 347 
 
 ments are under one general management. During the past year nearly 2,000 
 patients have been treated, of which number more than forty per cent, were 
 treated free of charge; and as many more received care for less than the 
 actual cost of maintenance. There are at present sixty endowed beds, but 
 this does.not represent nearly the amount of work done by this great charity. 
 Of the above number of beds, twenty-nine are permanently endowed; i. <?., 
 for each bed, the sum of $5,000 has been paid to the Hospital, which in turn 
 invests the same and can use only the interest thereof for the support of the 
 bed. For thirty-one of these beds $300 has been paid, which sum is expended 
 in caring for one bed for one year. The nursing of the Hospital is under the 
 management of the Illinois Training School for Nurses (see "Illinois Train- 
 ing School for Nurses.") Efficient support is rendered the Hospital by an 
 auxiliary society known as the Ladies' Aid Society, the president of which is 
 Mrs. D. C. Marquis; the vice-presidents are: Mesdames Daniel A. Jones, H. N. 
 Hibbard, Octavius S. Newell, John V. Farwell, Frederick W. Crosby and 
 John L. Withrow; treasurer, Mrs. Henry M. Curtis. The first patient was 
 admitted on the 20th of August, 1884. Up to January 1, 1892, the register 
 shows that the admissions number over 7,000 patients. 
 
 Provident Hospital. — Located at 2900 Dearborn st. Take State street 
 cable line. Established by colored people. The staff consists of ten physi- 
 cians, white and colored. It is intended for the poor of African descent, but 
 there is no distinction on account of race or color. Those who can afford it pay ; 
 those who can not pay are treated without money and without price. The 
 men who founded the hospital have no complaints to make of existing hospi- 
 tals, or the treatment of Afro-American patients in these hospitals, but they 
 believe in self-help, and recognize, as well, that there is in Chicago a decided 
 lackof hospital accommodation. 
 
 Railway Brotherhood Hospital. — Under the auspices of the Railway 
 Brotherhood Hospital Association. Located at No. 78 N. Ada street. Take 
 W. Randolph car or Madison street cable line. Conducted by the engineers, 
 firemen, conductors, brakemen, switchmen, operators and street railway con- 
 ductors and drivers. Branch hospital, 6301 Wentworth avenue. M. D. Rob- 
 inson, M. D., president; M. II. Rumbold, secretary and superintendent; L. P. 
 Smith, A. L. Nicholson, house physicians. J. H. Fascher, M. D., house 
 physician of the branch hospital. 
 
 St. Elizabeth's Hospital. — Located at Davis and Le Moyne streets, con- 
 ducted by Ihe Poor Hand Maids of Jesus Christ. Staff of attending physi- 
 cians, W. H. Lukens. M. D.; J. B. Herrick, M. D.; E. L. Lawson, M. D.; J. 
 B. Qnirk, home physician; S. Kunz, surgeon. 
 
 St. Joseph's Hospital. — Located on Garfield ave. and Burling st., near N. 
 Ilalstead St., North Side. Take Gai field ave. or N. Halsted car" Conducted 
 by the Sisters of Charity. Sister Mary Cephas, superior. Old residents 
 of Chicago will remember Providence Hospital, in Lake View. It was an 
 unpretentious frame structure in a place rather remote, at that time, from 
 the eiiy, but it was the most suitable which the means of the Sisters of Char- 
 ity could compass when they took up their hospital work in Chicago in 1869. 
 By unceasing effort, however, a more desirable location was secured, and in 
 1871 the present St. Joseph's Hospital was erected on Garfield avenue (then 
 Sophia st.) The site is peculiarly suitable for the purposes of the institution, 
 being in the highest and dryest portion of the city and having all the advan- 
 
348 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 tages of proximity to Lake Michigan and Lincoln Paik. After twenty years 
 of usefulness in the care of suffering humanity the building became inade- 
 quate to the rapidly-growing popularity of the hospital, and the .sisters were 
 encouraged by the munificent bequest of $10,000 by the late Conrad Seipp, 
 Esq., to lay the foundation for a new and more commodious building in 1890. 
 After two years of untiring energy, and the expenditure of a large sum of 
 money, some of which was borrowed at a resonable rate of interest, the 
 Sisters of Charity, with the same spirit which prompted Columbus 400 years 
 ago to cross the unknown seas (the love of God and humanity), in 1892 threw 
 open the doors of this grand institution to the suffering members of cur Loid 
 without regard to creed or nationality. The hospital staff is composed of 
 surgeons and physicians who have earned for themselves a world-wide repu- 
 tation. Prof. Nicholas Senn, M. D., surgeon in chaige;Dr. G. W. Reynolds 
 and Prof. J. H. Chew, M. D., physicians in charge; Prof. D. R. Brower, M. D., 
 mental and nervous diseases; Dr. John Bartlett, obstetrician; Dr. Robert 
 Tilley, diseases eye and ear; Prof. E. F. Ingals, M. D., diseases of throat and 
 nose; Dr. G. W. Reynolds, gynaecologist; consulting surgeons, Prof. T. W. 
 Miller, M. D.; Prof. J. B. Hamilton, M. D.;Prof. D. W. Graham, M. D.; 
 consulting physicians, Prof. W. Godfrey Dyas, M. D.; Prof. Henry M. 
 Lyman, M. D ; consulting gynaecologist Prof. J. H. Ethridge, M. D. 
 
 The hospital is fitted with all the latest improvements for ventila- 
 tion, heating, etc., and has accommodations for three hundred patients in 
 wards and private rooms. Of the latter there are fifty, tastefully decorated, 
 thoroughly comfortable, with the most approved furnishings and abundantly 
 supplied with light and air. The wards are also models of neatness and 
 comfort and so carefully have the interests of the sick been provided for that 
 open fireplaces have been placed in each ward. The building is heated by 
 steam. The schedule of prices is so arranged that all classes of patients can 
 be accommodated and avail themselves, at reasonable rates, of the superior 
 advantages of the hospital. Physicians whose names are not on the staff 
 have the privilege of attending patients in the private rooms. Parents of 
 children suffering from chronic medical or surgical diseases requiring pro- 
 longed treatment can arrange to leave .them in the care of the institution. 
 The out-patient department provides for the treatment of all persons pre- 
 senting themselves at the hospital office, and includes the same wide range of 
 treatment as the hospital proper. Persons without means are made welcome 
 to the advantages of this department. 
 
 Of the tenderness and care with which the sisters of charity treat all 
 persons, of whatever degree, committed to their charge, it is hardly neces- 
 sary to speak. The unremitting attention, the more than sisterly solicitude, 
 the constant vigilance and the unselfish devotion of these noble women, in 
 the service of the afflicted, has won for them the warmest respect and admi- 
 ration of people of all creeds the world over. 
 
 St. Luke's Free Hospital. — Located at 1430-1434 Indiana ave. Rev. Clin- 
 ton Locke, D. D., president; Arthur Ryerson, secretary; N. K. Fairbank, 
 treasurer; George B. Dresher, superintendent. Take Indiana ave. car, 
 Waoash ave. cable line. Get off at Fourteenth st. In the earlier days of Chi- 
 cago but little provision was made for the care of her worthy poor in time of 
 sickness and distress, such hospitals as then existed being made the resort of 
 the low and vicious. It was in 1864 that the Rev. Dr. Clinton Locke, rector 
 of Grace Church, moved by these distresses, preached a sermon embodying 
 these crying wants and the painful details. After listening to this discourse, 
 a fdvv philanthropic ladies, members of his congregation, met him at his 
 
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 
 THE JOHN M. SMYTH BUILDING, W. MADISON, NEAR HALSTED ST. 
 
 [See " Guide. 1 '] 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 349 
 
 vestry door and offered their aid in providing a remedy for all this ill, and 
 implored him for guidance in the effort. He recognized them as his allies in 
 alt good works and, accepting their services and the trust, undertook the 
 work that same week. Different committees were appointed. One to look 
 for a suitable house, another to ask for beds and furniture, and still another 
 to solicit money. The following Thursday they all met. A small house of 
 eight rooms had been found ou State St., poor and mean, but the rent was 
 only $300 a year, and it had a veranda, a little grass and a few trees in the 
 yard. It was environed by squalor and degradation, buc would accommodate 
 six patients in comparative comfort. Enough furniture had been begged to 
 furnish it, and a man and woman were employed to nurse, and they, with the 
 aid of one servant, took care of the six patients. Very little money had been 
 collected by the soliciting committee, the general excuse for not giving being 
 that the idea was "new," that they would "wait and see." But these busy 
 workers were not to be discouraged by such things as these. They got the 
 house ia readiness, even to the sign above the gate, painted, gratuitously, by 
 an amateur artist, and reading, "St. Luke's Free Hospital." That it should 
 be recognized as absolutely free was the determination. In a day or two the 
 first patient was brought in, and on the next day the second. This man was 
 suffering from delirium tremens, and through his acquisition the infant hos- 
 pital obtained some free advertising. The first thing he did was to jump out 
 of the window a ad stab a passing pedestrian. Then the hospital had three 
 patients. 
 
 Shortly after this a gentleman came to the president saying that an unfin- 
 ished building which had been intended for a workmen's boarding house had 
 come into his possession. It was built down among the railroads and shops, 
 near the corner of Indiana ave. and Fourteenth st. This gentleman offered 
 to donate $3,000 toward its purchase and completion, and guaranteed, with 
 some assistance, to collect what more would be needed. The building was 
 purchased and finished as could best be done for hospital purposes. Before 
 it had occupied its new home a yearthe great fire came and its every available 
 corner was filled with the injured. From all over the land came money to 
 the rescue, from church people who knew the fire would cut off ite ordinary 
 resources, and that it must be maintained by outside donations. By means 
 of these generous donations it was able to purchase the lot upon which the 
 building stood, paying $8,000 for it. Better equipments and conveniences were 
 also added from this fund. Then the endowment of beds began, large sums 
 of money being given, bequeathed, or collected for that purpose. Others 
 took upon themselves the support of beds, paying into the treasury $300 a 
 year for that purpose. The running expenses were now $11,000 a year, and 
 much difficulty was often found in raising that amount. But it was always 
 obtained in some way and the hospital kept out of debt. The work was car- 
 ried on in this building until the year 1882, when it was removed and the main 
 buildings of the present commodious hospital were begun. During 1890 an 
 additional building was added in memory of the late Samuel Johnston, which 
 makes a fine front on Indiana ave. Since its foundation, February 17, 1864, 
 over 10,800 persons have been received and cared for as " in " patients. Din- 
 ing the last year 1172 were admitted to the wards and rotmis, and 3,715 
 received medical advice and surgical treatment at the dispensary free of 
 charge. While the hospital is free to those who can not afford to pay, there 
 are some rooms set aside for those who can, or they can be admitted to the 
 wards. 
 
350 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Officers — President and chaplain, Rev. Clinton Locke, D. D., 2825 
 Indiana ave.; vice-president, Charles E. Felton, 211 Jackson st.; secretary, 
 Arthur Ryerson, 185 Dearborn st. ; treasurer, N. K. Fairbanks, Fairbank 
 Building; trustees, Rev. Clinton Locke, D. D., N. K. Fairbank, J. W. 
 Doane, H. E. Sargent, Arthur Ryerson, Charles W. Brega, I. K. Hamilton, 
 H. A. Wheeler, Charle3 F. Elmes; Charles E. Felton, Rev. Join Rouse. Rev. 
 Floyd W. T<mkins, Jr.; board of directors, Mrs. Clinton Locke, Mrs. N. K. 
 Fairbank, Mrs. Edwin Walker, Mis. James T. Hoyne, Mrs. Orson Smith, 
 Mrs. D. R. Brower, Mrs. James H. Walker, Mrs. Charles F. Elmes. House 
 Officers: Superintendent, Geo. B. Dresher; resident chaplain, Rev. C. N. 
 Moller; housekeeper, Cornelia M. Shaw; druggist. Albert G. Fischer; clerk, 
 Kate Bateman. House Staff- House surgeon, Edwin F. Gavin, M. D , term 
 expiies October 31, 1891; house physician, Philo L. Holland, M. D., term 
 expires April 30, 1892; house physician, Wm. E. Kramer, M. D., term expires 
 October 31, 1892; superintendent of training school. K. L. Lett; assistant 
 superintendent of training school, J. M. Champlin. Telephone 8438. 
 
 St. Vincent's Infant Asylum and Maternity Hospital. — Located at 191 
 La Salle ave. Take Clark or Wells St. cable lines. Conducted by the Sisters 
 of Charity. This institution is for the care of infants and children under five 
 years of age, who can be reclaimed by parents or friends at any time, unless 
 they abandon them or desire to give them up for adoption. The building is 
 capable of accommodating two hundred children. It is provided with a per- 
 fect system of ventilation, all modern improvements and is heated by steam, 
 making it altogether one of the finest institutions in the Union. Two spacious 
 rooms on the first floor, each thirty by forty feet, are devoted to playroom 
 and Kindergarten purposes, and the exercise there obtained is supplemented 
 by recreation on the large balconies attached to the playroom. There are 
 also large nurseries where mothers are accommodated with their infants, free, 
 on condition that each woman will nurse another infant. Arrangements can 
 also be made to have infants wet-nursed. A portion of the building is fitted 
 up as a lying-in department which is entirely private. Patients can be accom- 
 modated according to their means In the wards the terms range from $6 to 
 $8, and in the private rooms from $10 to $20 per week, according to the room 
 selected. 
 
 United States Marine Hospital. — This government building is located at 
 Lake View, about five miles north of the harbor, and is accessible by the 
 Evanston and Alexandre avenue extension of the North Clark street cable 
 line of cars, and by the C, M. & St. P. R. R.. Evanston division, to Buena 
 Park station. An act of Congress of June 20th, 1864, authorized the sale of 
 the Marine Hospital, then on the land adjacent to old Fort Dearborn, and the 
 purchase of a more eligible site; but, before the premises had been surren- 
 dered, the building and contents were destroyed by the great fire of October, 
 1871. The land selected was the lake front, on which a strong breakwater 
 was constructed, and the erection of the hospital began in January, 1867. It 
 was opened for patients November 17, 1873. The hospital is built of (tone, 
 and is 340 feet long ; it has a basement, and is three stories high,_ consisting 
 of a center portion, with attached wings. It is an imposing building, with a 
 general appearance of plainness and stability. The center portion is used for 
 a hospital dispensary, offices and quarters, while the wings contain six wards, 
 each 75 feet long and 30 feet wide; well-lighted, thoroughly ventilated and 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 351 
 
 conveniently arranged, with a total capacity for 150 patients. The sanitary 
 precautions in drainage, and provisions for the suppression of tire throughout 
 the building are of the most approved plans. The steam-heating apparatus, 
 laundry and steam pumps, are in an adjacent building. The original cost of 
 the hospital was $424,745, in addition to which $75,000 has been expended 
 for improvements upon building and grounds. The beneficiaries of the 
 United States Marine Hospital " are those emnloyed in the care, preservation 
 or navigation, of any merchant vessel of the United States." Special provis- 
 ion is made for seamen taken from w r recks, and those of the various govern 
 ment services. Sick and disabled seamen, whose diseases and injuries 
 are of such a nature that they can properly be relieved by medicines, 
 dressings or advice, without admission to the hospital, are treated at 
 the Marine Hospital Dispensary, at the Custom House Building. The 
 number of patients treated in this hospital since its opening to January, 
 1892, is 11,576, and 37,339 in the dispensary. The hospital is in charge of a 
 staff of medical officers of the marine hospital service, who are commissioned 
 by the President of the United States and subject to change of station. The 
 attendants are selected with a view to their proficiency, and their appoint- 
 ments are free from personal or political influence; they are uniformed, and 
 a strict observance of rules required of them. The expenses of the hospital 
 are paid with money derived trom the general tonnage tax collected from 
 vessels returning from foreign ports, and no money is expected or received in 
 any way from patients admitted. The hospital is open at all times to visitors 
 interested in its construction or management, and to the friends of the 
 patients, except Sundays. General John B. Hamilton, M. H. S., is in com- 
 mand of the Hospital. 
 
 Wesley Hospital. — Located at 355-357 E. Ohio street, North Side; take 
 North Clark street cable line or North State street car; this is the Methodist 
 Episcopal hospital of the city. The officers are: Rev. Luke Hitchcock, D. D., 
 president; James B. Hobbs, vice-president; Matson Hill, secretary. Trustees: 
 E. VV. Burke, N. W. Harris, C. D. Hauk, H A. Goodrich, W. E. Black- 
 stone, Rev. R. D. Sheppard, D. D., James B. Hobbs, Rev. Luke Hitchcock, 
 D. D., Rev. P. M. Bristol, D. D., Hiram J. Thomoson, whose terms expire 
 1890; Rev. C. E. Mandeville, D. D., M. P. Hatfield, M. D.. Charles Busby, 
 I. 1ST. Danforth, M. D., R. D. Fowler, L. L. Bond, Hon. O. H. Horton, J. L. 
 Whitlock, Rev. C. G. Trusdell, D. D., C. B. Eggleston, whose terms expire 
 1891; Geo. D. Elderkin, Matson Hill, W. H. Rand, J. S. Harvey, M. H. 
 Wilson, Wm. Deering, D. R. Dyche, M. D., Rev. H. G. Jackson, D. D., 
 Henry Rieke, J. Shelly Meyer, whose terms expire 1892. Superintendent, J. 
 SUelly Meyer; superintending nurse, Miss M. E. Simonds; matron, Miss 
 Miry Jefferson; opened for the reception of patients February 1, 1889. 
 Among the recently established institutions of Methodism it would be difficult 
 to find one with more vigor and usefulness than Wesley Hospital. At the end 
 of the first year the hospital had given treatment to nearly one hundred cases; 
 the bills had all been paid with a small balance remaining in the treasury, 
 and many persons desiring to enter during the year had been refused admis- 
 sion for want of room. The trustees learning these facts unanimously recom- 
 mended the renting of the private house adjoining the hospital, thus doubling 
 the capacity. This eharity, though in its infancy, is meeting with very gen- 
 erous support, particularly from members of the Methodist Church. The 
 Chicago Training School for nurses is in charge of the nursiug department. 
 More room and better facilities will be added during the coming year. The 
 interest on $5,000 endows a free bed, and contributions are welcomed from 
 all charitable people. 
 
352 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Woman's Hospital. — Located at Rhodes avenue and Thirty-second street, 
 South Side; take Cottage Grove avenue cable line ; chartered November 16, 
 1882. This corporation is a continuance of " The Woman's Hospital of the 
 State of Illinois," and is perpetual. Officers: Mrs. J. B. Lyon, president ; 
 Mrs. C. W. Greene, vice-president ; Mrs. A. J. Vaughan, secretary; Mrs. V. 
 D. Perkins, treasurer. It is specially devoted to the treatment of the diseases 
 and accidents peculiar to women, irrespective of creed, color, or conditionin 
 life; to the clinical instruction of students of medicine; to the practical train- 
 ing of nurses. The hospital does not treat all diseases; only those specially per- 
 taining to women. Parents are of two classes: First, house-patients, those 
 admitted within the Hospital, to reside until discharged; second, out-door 
 patients, those who apply to the outdoor department for treatment at stated 
 intervals. In connection with the hospital is a training school for nurses. 
 The object of this department is to give young women a careful training in 
 the nursing of women, particularly after surgical operations, in acute and 
 chronic diseases peculiar to women, and in obstetrical cases. The number of 
 patients treated annually is about 300 ; total receipts per year about $20,000, 
 disbursements about the same. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 There are at present between fourteen and fifteen hundred hotels in the 
 city of Chicago, including small and large, and houses of all grades, but 
 excluding lodging houses, boarding houses and distinctively family hotels, 
 where no transients are received. The united capacity of these hotels is esti- 
 mated as 175,000. It is believed that they could, if pressed, accommodate 
 100,000 additional guests. But this will not be necessary. Numerous immense 
 hotels are iither projected or being constructed at the present time. The 
 spring of 1893 will find Chicago ready with ample hotel accommodations 
 for 500,000 guests. Neither the boarding houses, nor houses where furnished 
 rooms may be rented, nor lodging houses, are considered here. Outside of 
 the hotels there are eating houses or res'aurants and cafes, with an esti- 
 mated feeding capacity at the present time of 25,000 persons daily. The 
 hotels of prominence in Chicago are as follows: 
 
 Atlantic Hotel. — Located on the corner of Van Buren and Sherman sts., 
 opposite the Van Buren St. depot, and in the Board of Trade center. A hotel 
 which, although not making any great pretentions as to style, has been pat- 
 ronized during the past twenty years by thousands of the better class of Wes- 
 tern merchants, commercial travelers and tourists. It is most conveniently 
 situated. The hotel lies in the outer edge of the great wholesale dry goods, 
 jobbing, hats and caps and boots and shoes district and is within one-third of 
 a mile of the leather, iron, agricultural implement and woolen warehouse cen- 
 ters. Four blocks to the northeast lies the great retail and shopping district. 
 The Board of Trade building is directly opposite the Atlantic Hotel's door; 
 the postoffice is three blocks distant; five of the principal city banks are inside 
 the same area, and the more important office buildings are less than five blocks 
 away. Rates, $2.00 per day. Cummings Bros., proprietors. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 353 
 
 Auditorium Hotel. — Situated on Michigan avenue and Congress street; 
 occupies entire eastern half of the great Auditorium structure, "it is under 
 the management of the Auditorium Hotel Company, J. H. Breslin, of New 
 York, president; R. H. Southgate, vice-president and manager. Take 
 Wabash avenue cable line to Congress street. The hotel is but a short walk 
 from the terminals of all the street car and railroad lines. The building 
 which it occupies is the grandest on the continent, and was prepared to meet 
 the requirements of a great high-class hotel without regard to labor or 
 expense. Every one of the 400 guest rooms is finely furnished, while many 
 are beautifully decorated. The furniture of this palatial hotel is in keeping 
 with the surroundings. The culinary department and dining room (175 feet 
 long) being located at the top of the structure, the hotel is entirely free from 
 all disagreeable odors. The view from the dining room during meals is 
 superb. [See "Auditorium Views."'] On a clear day the shores of Wisconsin 
 and Michigan are distinctly seen. The banquet hall is without a peer on the 
 continent. The rotunda of the hotel is in iUelf worth a visit from strangers; 
 supported by massive marble columns and decorated in the highest style of 
 art, with Mosaic flooring, rich carvings and costly fittings, it is the grandest 
 hotel office in the world. The Auditorium Hotel is the most fashionable in 
 Chicago, and many of the most exclusive people in the city are its regular 
 guests. The cuisine is pronounced unsurpassable. 
 
 The banquet hall of the Auditorium hotel is probably the most magnifi- 
 cent in the world. 
 
 Briggs House. — Located on Randolph st. and Fifth ave. , one of the oldest 
 and most popular of the great hotels of the city. Its location is most cen- 
 tral, being convenient to the wholesale as well as the retail districts of the 
 city, the Board of Trade quarter, etc. The hotel is a stately structure and is 
 admirably managed. Rates $2 and upward. Frank Upman, proprietor. 
 
 Burke's European Hotel. — Located on the south side of Madison between 
 La Salle and Clark sts., in the heart of the business center. This is a first- 
 class house in every particular and is conducted to meet the demands of the 
 traveling public. The great " Chicago Oyster House" restaurant is run in 
 connection with it. Room and board separate. CI. Brinkman, proprietor. 
 
 Clifton House. — Located on Monroe st. and Wabash ave., convenient to 
 the retail center, railroad depots, street car terminals, etc. A family and 
 commercial hotel combined. The hotel contains two hundred handsomely 
 furnished rooms. Rates $2.50 to $3 per day. Woodcock & Loring, proprie- 
 tors. 
 
 Commercial Hotel. — Located on the cor. of Lake and Dearborn sis., a hotel 
 for the accommodation of country merchants and unpretentious visitors. 
 Well managed and respectable. Rates $2 per day and upward. 
 
 Continental Hotel. — Located on Wabash ave. and Madison st., in the busi- 
 ness center. Very popular with country shoppers and merchant buyers. 
 Rates moderate. Mrs. Hannah Collins, proprietress. 
 
 Oault House.— Located on West Madison and Clinton sts. The leading 
 hotel of the West Side. Very convenient to Union depot. This is one of the 
 oldest hotels in the city. It is managed admirably and is popular with trav- 
 elers and families. Rates $2 and upward. Rogers & Fall, proprietors. 
 
 Gore's Hotel. — Located at 266-274 S. Clark st. Conducted on the Ameri- 
 can and European plans. A splendid building, handsomely furnished and 
 centrally located. Stands well. Gore & Heffron, proprietors. 
 
354 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Grand Pacific Hotel. — Located on La Salle, Jackson and Clark sts. The 
 Jackson st. front almost faces the Board of Trade. The Clark st. front 
 faces the general postoffice. The La Salle st. front faces some of the immense 
 office buildings in the Board of Trade center. The main entrances are on 
 La Salle and Clark sts. The ladies' entrance is on Jackson st. This building 
 was scarcely completed in 1871 when the great fire swept it out of existence 
 in a single night, although its construction was almost wholly of iron, store 
 and glass. It was immediately rebuilt and opened to guests in June, 1873. 
 Although acknowledged to be one of the finest hotels in the world when com- 
 pleted, it has undergone many improvements since then. The principal inter- 
 nal improvements consist of the introduction of a second passenger elevator, 
 of the Crane hydraulic pattern; the entirely new system of electric lighting, 
 operating thirty arc and nearly two thousand incandescent lamps; the thor- 
 ough remodeling and refitting of the public closets in marble, brass and 
 mahogany; the refitting of the exchange and bar; and the establishment of 
 the Grand Pacific cafe and lunch room. During 1890 an addition of 100 
 guest rooms was made, greatly increasing the capacity of the hotel, which 
 now contains over 900 rooms. Besides making the mentioned improvements 
 in ttie hotel, its proprietors have cause! the guests' parlors and chambers to 
 be completely renovated, redecorated and refurnished, and the Grand Pacific 
 Hotel is in a better condition than ever to offer every luxury and comfort 
 that its guests may require. The following are the dimensions of the hotel 
 and some of its principal rooms: Grand dining hall, 137x62 feet; ladies' 
 ordinary, 65x60 feet; ladies' parlors, 96x25 feet; grand corridor and prome- 
 nade, 127x30 feet; cafe and lunch room, 137x56 feet; rotunda and office, 
 178x157 feet; exchange and bar, 161x118 feet; halls (Jackson and Quincy 
 sts.), 315x12 feet; hails (Clark and La Salle sts.), 176x12 feet. The total 
 frontage of the Grand Pacific is over one thousand feet, and the building 
 covers nearly an acre and a half of ground. The building contains 35,00(X 
 square feet of dimension stone, 30,000 square feet of rubble stone, 7,500,000 
 bricks, 6,500 yards of sand, 1,100 barrels of cement, 12,000 barrels of lime, 
 12,000 cubic feet of limestone, 40,000 cubic feet of sandstone, 596,000 square 
 feet of pine flooring, 52,000 square feet of walnut and maple flooring, 82,000 
 linear feet of door and window casings, 237,000 square feet of inside blinds 
 and shutters, 1,035 windows, 1,188 doors, 269 bath tubs and closets, 153,000 
 yards of plastering, 225,000 square feet of marble tile flooring, 7,500 square 
 feet of slate tile flooring, 485 marble mantles, 8,500 square feet of polished 
 plate glass. The gas fixtures include 37,145 feet of gas-pipe, 532 chandeliers, 
 employing 1,714 burners, and 905 bracket lights, employing 1650 burners. 
 There are 31 electric arc lights and 850 incandescent lamps, 2,200 feet of 
 speaking tubes, 28 mouth-pieces 49 miles of wire, 615 fire-alarm bells and 
 9 annunciators, containing 559 indicators. There are sub-offices and separate 
 annunciators on every floor. There are 11,445 square feet of sidewalk, 1,821 
 square feet of area platforms and 1,215 linear feet of steps. The hotel con- 
 tains nearly 38,000 yards of carpet. In round numbers, the cost of the build- 
 ing may be placed at $1,400,000; that of the furniture, $400,000, and the 
 value of the ground (lease-hold) $1,600,000. The Grand Pacific Hotel is con- 
 venient to every railroad office in the city, the majority of which are clus- 
 tered within a distance of a block; it is within five minutes' walk of every 
 principal bank, the insurance district, the great wholesale district, the retail 
 store section, and is no more than half a block from every large grain and 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 'd55 
 
 cuinmission house in Chicago. It is near all, the theatres and plares of 
 amusement, and cars leading to the churches, parks and boulevards constantly 
 pass the door. Messrs. Drake, Parker & Co. are the proprietors and mana- 
 gers. 
 
 Hotel Brewort. — Located on the north side of Madison, between La Salle 
 and Clark sts. This is one of the best-known hotels in the city. Recently 
 greatly enlarged. It is popular with travelers and merchant-buyers, being 
 situated close to the wholesale and retail districts. Exclusively European. 
 George N. Hubbard, proprietor. 
 
 Hotel Drexel.— Located at 3956 Drexel blvd. (entrance to Washington 
 Park). A family hotel of high standing. Its situation is healthful and 
 beautiful. 
 
 Hotel Grace — Located on Clark and Jackson sts., opposite the post- 
 office. Conducted on the European plan. A splendidly furnished, high-class 
 house. Edward Grace, proprietor. 
 
 Hotel Wellington. — Located on Wabash avenue and Jackson street. This 
 hotel, although only known to the public for about one year is now recog- 
 nized as one of the ultra fashionable hotels of the city. The hotel is magnifi- 
 cently arranged, decorated and furnished in the highest style of art. It is 
 conducted on the European plan, for the very highest class of patrons, those 
 who are willing to pay for the best of everything. The cuisine is pro- 
 nounced uuequaled in the country. Its location unsurpassed, situated at the 
 head of the Grand Boulevard System, still within four to six blocks of the 
 Postoffice, Board of Trade, wholesale and retail center, theaters, etc. The 
 building has 275 feet of south and west frontage, electric lights, steam heat 
 and every modern improvement throughout the house. The rates at this 
 hotel vary from $2.00 perday upward. Suites with baths from $3.50 upward. 
 On the parlor floor great attention is paid to fine private party and banquet 
 rooms. In fact every accomomdation for guests and every luxury that suggests 
 itself or could be suggested by an inquiry into the management of the best 
 hotels in the world, has been adopted here. The proprietors are the Gage 
 Hotel Company, with Albert S. Gage, as president and general manager. 
 
 Hotel Woodruff. — Located on Wabash ave. and Twenty-first st. This is 
 a first-class and almost an exclusive family hotel. It is beautifully situated 
 and well managed. The hotel has 100 rooms. Rates, $3 to $4 per day. J. W. 
 Boardman & Co., proprietors. 
 
 Hyde Park Hotel. — Located at Lake ave. and Fifty-first st. An elegant 
 family hotel, convenient to the South parks. One of the largest hotels in the 
 city. O. F. .vnlligan & Co , proprietors. 
 
 Leland Hotel. — Located on the corner of Michigan blvd. and Jackson 
 St., Lake front, facing the site of a portion of the World's Columbian Expo- 
 sition. For many years this was known as the Gardner House, but not until 
 its name and management were changed did it come to be reckoned among 
 the great hotels of the city. Its location is charming, on one of the finest 
 boulevards in the city, overlooking the majestic Lake Michigan and yet being 
 within easy access of the entire business section, the railroad depots, street 
 car terminals, retail stores, theatres, etc. Numerous improvements have been 
 made both in the interior and exterior of the building from year to year, and 
 they are still going on. An immense addition to the structure is among the 
 latest of these. The sanitary condition of the hotel has received the 
 
GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 serious attention of the proprietor. The latest and best methods to 
 insure the escape of all gases and offensive odors have been adopted, and 
 the sewerage has been pronounced psrfect. Recent alterations have made the 
 house more beautiful than ever. The renovating and painting have been 
 accomplished by experienced and competent artisans ; and the frescoing of all 
 the halls, parlors and public rooms has been by the hand or under the eye of 
 the famous Almini. The cuisine department has been supplied with new and 
 improved ranges and all the latest and best utensils to insure wholesome and 
 savory food of every kind. The dining room of the Leland is a large, well 
 lighted, handsome, airy room, finished in the latest style. In the hallway 
 leading to the dining room, between the hours of half past five and eight 
 o'clock, an orchestra of six pieces is stationed to render music during dinner 
 time. This is a feature that no other hotel in Chicago has for the enjoyment 
 of its guests. The advantages are at once perceived of a sojourn at a hotel 
 past which all the finest turnouts of a great city quietly but rapidly drive. 
 From the front of the Leland its inmates may, without the slightest inconven- 
 ience or undue curiosity, scan during every fine day the beauty and dress of 
 the elite of Chicago, as well as their attractive carriages and equipages. No 
 watering places on the continent offer so fine a point to study the exterior 
 characteristics of the distinguished leading citizens of a population of much 
 more than a million, as do the balconies and windows of the Leland Hotel. 
 No noisy procession, street cars, market wagon or peddler is allowed on this 
 boulevard. During the greater part of every fine day, beautiful carriages are 
 moving continuously, but when "the hours of rest approach, the avenue 
 becomes quiet, and so remains until the seekers of health, pleasure and 
 recreation turn out in their carriages on the morrow. The Leland has supe- 
 rior accommodations for families and gentlemen, with a table of peculiar 
 excellence. Warren F. Leland, proprietor. 
 
 Since the above was prepared the Leland Hotel property has been sold 
 for $1,025,000. A company headed by A. J. Cooper leased the land and 
 bought the building and furniture for $400,000. The company, composed of 
 local capitalists is known as the Grand View Hotel Company. The purchas- 
 ers of the fee are Boston men. There will be < xpended $100,000 in improve- 
 ments by adding two stories, which will give an addition of 150 rooms. The 
 basement will be fitted up as a Russian and Turkish bath establishment. 
 
 McCoy's European Hotel. — Located at the corner of Clark and Van Buren 
 sts. A first class hotel conducted on the European plan. William McCoy, 
 owner and manager. 
 
 Palmer House. — Located on the southeast corner of State and Monroe sts. , in 
 the heart of the city, with a frontage on State St., Monroe St. and Wabash ave. 
 Main entrance on State St.; ladies' entrance on Monroe st. The building occu- 
 pies about one-half of the entire block. It covers an area of 76,550 square feet; is 
 nine stories in height, has 708 rooms and accommodates usually from 1,000 to 
 2,400 guests The grand rotunda of the hotel is 64 feet wide, 106 feet long and 
 36 feet in height. The dining room is one of the most elegant in Chicago. The 
 parlors and waiting rooms are superbly furnished. The entire furnishings 
 and fittings of the house are of the first order. The Palmer House is itself 
 one of the most imposing and beautiful structures in the city. It is a popular 
 hotel for commercial people, and its rotunda most of the time day and night 
 is a sort of a rendezvous for the merchants of Chicago or their representatives 
 and visiting buyers. The Palmer House is conducted on the European plan. 
 
r— - 
 
 | Fncraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 
, 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 357 
 
 The charges are regulated entirely by the accommodations required. Mr. 
 Potter Palmer is the sole proprietor and manager. This magnificent hotel 
 was destroyed by fire before being completed in 1871. Hardly had the debris 
 cooled off, however, ere Mr. Palmer began the work of excavation for the 
 new structure. A great part of the time during the rebuilding operation 
 workmen were employed day and night, immense calcium lights being used 
 after the sun went down. The new Palmer House was opened in the year 
 187^ 
 
 Richelieu Hotel. — Located on Michigan avenue boulevard between Jackson 
 and Van Buren streets. A hotel conducted upon the European plan, and is 
 strictly first-class in every respect; has a large patronage from European 
 travelers. It is elegantly furnished and has more the appearance of an elegant 
 home than an hotel. Its cuisine is the first and only example of high-class 
 French cooking in a Chicago hotel. It has a world-wide reputation for having 
 the largest and finest assortment of choice wines ever owned by any similar 
 establishment in this country. 
 
 Saratoga Hotel. — Located at 155, 157,159 and 161 Dearborn st., in theheart 
 of the business section. This hotel is conducted on the " European plan," that 
 is, guests pay only for rooms they occupy and such meals as they may require, 
 or may take their meals elsewhere. Rates 75 cents per day and upward. The 
 house has 200 rooms, newly furnished, with hot and cold running water and 
 steam heat in every room furnished free. Rooms with baths and parlors 
 attached on every floor. Office on ground floor, with elevator,electric lights and 
 all modern improvements. The Saratoga Restaurant is run in connection with 
 the hotel and under the same management. The restaurant has been thor- 
 oughly renovated and furnished new throughout, and is conducted in first- 
 class manner at popular prices. 
 
 Sherman House. — Located at the northwest corner of Clark and Randolph 
 sts., opposite the north entrance to the Court House. This is a landmark and 
 one of the historic structures of the city, marking as it does a site which has 
 been familiar to Chicagoans from the earliest settlement of the place. One 
 of the first mayors of the city had his blacksmith shop here, and the origi- 
 nal Sherman House was erected on the spot by Francis C. Sherman, who aft<r 
 ward became twice mayor of the city. This was an humble building. Mr. 
 Sherman very considerably enlarged, remodeled and improved it in 1861, and 
 up to the time of the great fire of 1871 it was the most pretentious hotel in 
 the city. It fell before the enemy on the night of October 8, 1871, but was 
 soon rebuilt as it stands to-day. The hotel takes its name from Mayor Sher- 
 man and not from the famous Union general, as many in these days suppose. 
 The present proprietor, Mr. J. Irving Pearce, upon taking the house, refur- 
 nished it throughout. " Long" John Wentworth made it his home during 
 the latter portion of his life, and his massive form was a familiar figure in 
 the rotunda and corridors of the building. The public rooms and bedrooms 
 of the structure have been completely remodeled during the past three years, 
 making the house one of the most modern and elaborate in the country. It 
 is a first-class hotel, strictly fire-proof, well managed, and conducted with the 
 view of making its guests comfortable at any expense. The bed rooms are 
 the largest and best furnished in the world, and the table is acknowledged 
 superior to any other. 
 
358 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Southern Hotel. — Located on Wabashave. and Twenty second st. A first- 
 class family hotel, well furnished and equipped. E. A. Bacheldor, proprie- 
 tor. 
 
 Tremont House. — This is one of the first hotels rebuilt after the '71 fire, 
 and is considered one of the very best. The location, on the corner of Dear- 
 born and Lake, only three blocks from Illinois Central, Michigan Central, 
 Vandalia, Burlington & Quincy depots. The hotel contains 250 rooms ; 100 
 of them are furnished with porcelain bath tubs and sanitary water closets. 
 The rooms are all handsomely furnished, and every modern convenience and 
 every luxury known to hotel management has been introduced. Proprietors, 
 Alvin Hulbert & W. S. Eden. 
 
 Victoria Hotel. — Location, Michigan avenue and Van Buren street, over- 
 looking the beautiful lake front. A first-class hotel, thoroughly equipped 
 with all modern improvements. Two hundred and sixty guest chambers. 
 J. M. Lee, proprietor; E. A. Whipple, associate manager. 
 
 Virginia Hotel. — Located at 78 Rush St., North Side. One of the largest 
 and most beautiful private and family hotels in the world. The building is 
 a splendid specimen of modern hotel architecture. This is a high-class house 
 in every sense. 
 
 Other Hotels. — Other hotels from which the visitor may make a selection 
 are as follows. The locations given will be the best guide in many respects 
 for the stranger. Those in or near the center of the city are most convenient; 
 those situated farther out are eenerally more pleasant for persons seeking 
 quiet. Adams House, 4703 State; Albemarle House, 262 to 266 State; 
 Allen House, 4137 Halsted, Union Stock Yards; Alma European Hotel, 
 109 State; Alvord House, Oakwood blvd., nw. cor. Cottage Grove; 
 American Hotel, 120 Kinzie; American House, M. C. Coulon, prop., 
 113 S. Canal; Anna House, Delmon W. Norton, prop., 102-104 N. 
 Clark; Arcade Hotel. 164 Clark; Arlington House. 34-36 W. Madison; 
 Austrian House, Mrs. Julia Jackson, prop., 117 Franklin; Baldwin Euro- 
 pean Hotel, 74 Van Buren; Barnes House, B. L. Newman, prop., 36 W. 
 Randolph; Bartl Hotel, John Bartl, prop., 355 State; Belvidere House, 
 Henry Walt, prop., 47 State; Bennett House, Mrs. E. S. Bennett, prop., 73 
 Monroe; Boulevard House, Mrs. Sarah Ehlem, prop., 328 Washington blvd.; 
 Boyle's Hotel, Mrs. Bella Boyle, prop., State, nw. cor. Forty-fifth; 
 Brighton House, Sidney W. Yetter, prop., S. Western ave., se. cor. Archer 
 ave.; Brown's! Hotel, Thomas S. Brown, prop., 68 Van Buren, Burlington 
 House, Levi Pritchard, prop., 680 S. Canal; Burton House, 4119 Halsted; 
 Butcher's Hotel, Archibald Murphy, prop., Loomi.s, sw. cor. Forty-fifth; 
 Calumet House, Joseph Brown, prop., 9001 Ontario ave. (S. C); Carelton 
 House, Mrs. M. Harrison, prop., 78 Adams; Central European Hotel, 
 Jacob Pirrung, prop., 13 S. Water; Central Hotel, Geo. A. Neeb, prop., 
 S. Chicago ave., nw. cor. Seventy fifth. (H. P.); Central House, Theo. and 
 Ruth R. Nelson, props., 250-258 State; Chicago European Hotel, 156 Clark; 
 Choate House, W. H. J. Dougherty, prop., 268 State, City Hotel, W. F. 
 Orcutt, prop., State, se. cor. Sixteenth; Clarendon House, E. Philbrick & 
 Son, prop., 152 N.Clark; Colorado House, 123 S. Canal; Columbade Hotel, 
 256 Michigan ave.; Columbia Hotel, J. D. Palmer, prop., State, nw. cor. 
 Thirty-first.; Commercial Hotel, 243 Sixty -third (L ); Commercial Hotel, 
 A. Burkli;prop., 9440 Commercial ave. (S. C); Conroy's Hotel, 407 State; 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 359 
 
 Continental Hotel, Mrs. Hannah Collins, prop., Wabash ave., se. cor. Madi- 
 son; Cosmopolitan European Hotel, B. L. Newman, prop., 307 Clark; 
 Court Hotel, 487 State st. ; Crescent Hotel, E. Fuller, proprietor, 347 
 Fifth ave.; Cullen House, 191 W. Madison St.; Damon Hotel, 51 Clark 
 st.; Dannevirke Hotel, 219 Milwaukee ave.; Davenport House, A. P. 
 Russell, proprietor, 180 N. Clark St.; Davies House, Robert C. Davies, pro- 
 prietor, e. of Torrence ave., 5th w. of 106th st. (Cummings); Debus House, 
 Moses Masser, proprietor, 341 Clark st.; Delmonico Hotel, 9347 Commer- 
 cial ave.; Deming European Hotel, F. A. Smith, proprietor, 136 to 138 
 Madison st.; Depot House, 119 S. Canal St.; Dorley, Thomas J., 45 Michi- 
 gan ave.; Douglas House, Thomas Dickenson & Son, proprietors, 3500 Cot- 
 tage Grove ave.; Dowling House, 137 S. Canal st.; Empire House, 4141 S. 
 Halstedst.; Englewood House, 315 Sixty-third st. (Englewood); Eureka 
 House, 75 Jackson st. ; Ewing House, Ewing ave., corner 100th st. (South 
 Chicago); Exchange Hotel, Mrs. Harriet Butler, proprietor, 7325 South 
 Chicago ave. (S. C); Exeter House, J. H. Hicks, proprietor, 146 Madison 
 st.; Farwell House, Thomas Dakin, proprietor, S. Halsted, near cor. 
 Jackson st. ; Flint's European Hotel, 80 Van Buren st. ; Gaines House, 
 Thomas Gaines, proprietor, 180 N. Clark st. ; Garden City Hotel, 46 to 48 
 Sherman st.; Garden City House, A. Stierlin, proprietor, 101 to 105 N. 
 Wells st.; Garden Hotel, Marion Radetzky, proprietor, 312 State St.; Ger- 
 mania House, August Mascher, proprietor, 180 to 182 Randolph st.; Gile, 
 John F., 995 W. Madison st.; Gladstone Hotel, 3035 Michigan ave.; 
 Golden Star House, Charles Wegman, proprietor, 203 Plymouth place; 
 Goldston's Hotel, S. Goldston, proprietor, 286 Wabash ave.; Grand 
 Hotel, Peter Portlend, proprietor, 127 N. Clark St.; Grand Hotel, Richard 
 Jaap, proprietor, 230 State st.; Grand Palace Hotel, C. T. Newberry, pro- 
 prietor, 103 N. Clark st. ; Greenwood Avenue Hotel, Greenwood ave., S. 
 Seventy-sixth st. (H. P.); Hagemann's Hotel, Mrs. Louise Hagemann, pro- 
 prietor, 147 Randolph st.; Hamburg House, 86 ShermaD st.; Hamburg 
 House, M. Marks, proprietor, 186 Randolph st. ; Harrison Hotel. Thomas 
 Kearney, proprietor. 128 Harrison st.; Haymarket Hotel, J. M. Getman, 
 proprietor, 157 W. Madison st.; Hoffman House, 170 Clark St.; Hotel 
 Alger, Fifty -first St., e. of Trumbull ave.; Hotel Boyd, 2010 to 2012 Wabash 
 ave.; Hotel Bristol, S. S. Buckley, proprietor, 214 Thirty-first St.; Hotel 
 Brunswick, H. C. Knill, proprietor, Michigan ave., n. w. cor. Adams; 
 Hotel Columbia, 15 N. State st.; Hotel Cortland, R. Evans, proprietor, 
 16-22 Adams st. ; Hotel Crystal, James Hayward, proprietor, 34 Washing- 
 ton st.; Hotj;l Danmark, 126 Kinzie St.; Hotel Dayton, Theodore Nelson, 
 proprietor, 74 N. Clark st. ; Hotel Dearborn, Joseph Pratt, proprietor, 398- 
 404 State St.; Hotel Delavan, Mike Teller, proprietor, 143 N.Clark st.; 
 Hotel Dixon, Malissa Randolph, proprietor, 310 State St.; Hotel Edwards, 
 Charles E. Edwards, proprietor, 334 Washington blvd.; Hotel Fargo, 
 Marion Radetzky, proprietor, 248 State St.; Hotel Florence, 111th st., cor. 
 Wall ave.; Hotel Glenarm, 167 Madison st.; Hotel Harvard, 100 W. 
 Madison St.; Hotel Henrici, Loewenthal & Buxbaum, proprietors, 70-72 
 Randolph st,; Hotel Irvine, Mrs. R. E. Irvine, proprietor, 71 Van Buren 
 st, ; Hotel Kirkwood, 69 Randolph st. ; Hotel LaFayette, E. S. Pinney, 
 proprietor, 111 W. Madison st.; Hotel Langham, Cleveland & Co., proprie- 
 tor, 1840 Wabash ave. ; Hotel Le Grand, Ferdinand Wistawil, proprietor, 
 39-45 N. Wells St.; Hotel Lincoln, Richard Stafford, proprietor, 70 Jack- 
 son st.; Hotel Mechanics Hall, The Strand, s. of 133d st. (Heg.); Hotel 
 
360 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Midland, F. H. Thompson, proprietor, 135 Adams St.; Hotel Milan, Peter 
 M. Lauphier, proprietor, 153 S. Halsted St.; Hotel JNicollet, Henry B. 
 Upman, proprietor, se. cor. Randolph st. and Fifth ave.; Hotel Oeient, 
 693 S. Halsted St.; Hotel Richland, 168 Clark st.; Hotel Richmond, B. F. 
 Bruce, Jr., proprietor, State st., nw. cor. Van Buren st.; Hotel Royal, 1714 
 Indiana ave.; Hotel St Benedict, Chicago ave., nw. cor. Cass St.; Hotel 
 Svea, 131 Chicago ave.; Hotel Vendome, Fleming J. Biffing, proprietor, 
 North Park ave., nw. cor. Centre ave.; Hotel Wisconsin, 22 Wisconson st.; 
 Hotel Worth, Will H. Worth, proprietor, 435 Washington blvd.; Hum- 
 boldt Park House, W. North ave., se. cor. N. California ave.: Interna- 
 tional Hotel, 167 Harrison st.; Jefferson's European Hotel. 145 S. 
 Canal st.; Julian Hotel, cor. Sixty-third st. and Stewart ave.; Keller 
 House, Mrs. Rosa Keller, proprietor, 125 W. Madison st.; Kemp House. W. 
 Kemp, proprietor, Seventy-sixth St., e. of Woodlawn ave. (H. P.); Kuhn's 
 Hotel, 165 Clark st. ; Lakeside Hotel, 3619 Lake ave. ; La Pierre House, 
 J. H. Jett, proprietor, 181 Washington blvd. ; La Salle House, Mrs. Frank 
 Leland, proprietor, 47 La Salle; Logan Square Hotel, William F. Gaines, 
 proprietor, 480 N. Kedzie ave.; Mackinac House, Mackinac Hotel Company, 
 proprietor, 326-332 State; Massasoit House, Conrad F. Pirring, proprietor, 
 Central ave., sw. cor. S. Water; Mather House, Mrs. M. A. Simpson, pro- 
 prietor, 3623^ Wabash ave.; May's European Hotel, A. May, pro- 
 prietor, 421 Clark; McEwan's Temperance European Hotel, Peter 
 McEwan, proprietor, 91 W. Madison; Merchants' Exchange Hotel, 
 Philip Dieter, proprietor, 12 S. Water; Metropolitan Hotel, Stern- 
 berg & Co., 26 N. Wells; Myers House, Joseph Freund, proprietor, 
 14-16 Bishop ct.; Michigan Hotel, Wm. E. Burns, proprietor, 346 
 State; Minnesota House, 97 S. Canal st. ; Muskegon House, Jacob 
 Grabenstein, proprietor, 21 Michigan ave.; National Hotel, D. A. 
 Dooley, proprietor, 230 State st.; New England Hotel, 129 S. 
 Canal; North City Hotel, 89 N. Wells; Northern Pacific Hotel, 
 62 Sherman; Norwood House, 91 S. Desplaines; Oakland Hotel. Haw- 
 kins & Sanford, proprietors, Drexel blvd., se. cor. Oakwood; Ogdeit 
 House, John Henderson, proprietor, 100 Franklin St.; Old Metropolitan 
 Hotel, Nicholas Yack, proprietor, 192-196 Randolph; Oxford, The, Mat- 
 thew J. Henderson, proprietor, 159 S. Canal; Panorama Hotel, Victor 
 Johnson, proprietor, 49 Hubbard ct. ; Park Hotel, W. W. To wnsend, proprie- 
 tor, Milwaukee ave., Jefferson Park; Park View House, Charles H. West, 
 proprietor, 310 Michigan ave. ; Paxton House, Geo. H. Richardson, proprie- 
 tor, 2458 State; People's Hotel, Malissa Randolph, proprietor, 368-370 
 State; Phoenix Hotel, Gust. Burdick, proprietor, 77 S. Canal; Putnam's 
 Hotel, 163 Adams; Randolph European Hotel, Mrs. M. Duffy, proprietor, 
 102 Randolph; Rausley House, Joseph Rausley, proprietor, 499 State; 
 Reaper House, Liberat Darner, proprietor, 1185 Blue Island ave.; River- 
 dale Hotel, Charles Michaels, proprietor, Indiana ave.,s. of 134th st., River- 
 dale; Rock Island House, 50 Sherman; Rodgers Hotel, T. J. Rodgers, 
 proprietor, 4209-4211 W. Lake; Rose Hotel, 365 Wabash ave.; Royal 
 ^uropban Hotel, Mrs. Jessie Brown, proprietor, 37 Adams; Roy's House, 
 John H. McCormick, proprietor, S. Chicago ave., s. 133d, Hed.; Scandi- 
 navian Hotel, 87 Townsend; Schaefer's Hotel. August Schaefer, pio- 
 rrietor, P6*-967 N. Clark; Sharpshooter's Park Hotel, Henry Neben, 
 poprietor Jefferson, near 118th; Shllburne Hotel, Mrs. Mary Benson, pro- 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 361 
 
 prietor, 306 Chicago ave. ; South Chicago Hotel, Joha L. Crawford, pro- 
 prietor, Ninety-second, near Commercial av. ; South Side MadisonHouse, 164 
 Madison; Stafford's European Hotel, 131 Van Buren; St. Bernard 
 Hotel, 10 Madison; St. Caroline's Court Hotel, 18 Elizabeth; St. 
 Charles, 15 Clark; St. Cloud House, 201 W. Randolph; St. James 
 Hotel, Charles Wittingham, proprietor, 36 S. Halsted; St. Nicholas 
 Hotel, Orsemus Van Der Vort, proprietor, 200 Washington ; Sunnyside 
 Hotel, Daniel Browning, proprietor, Clark, se. cor. SunnysMe ave.; Svea 
 Hotel, O. H. Ahlgren, proprietor, 11 Milton ave.; Transit House, L. 
 Everett Howard, manager Union Stock Yards; Union Exchange Hotel, 
 115 S. Canal st.; Union Park Hotel, Mrs. A. M. Carey, proprietor, 521 W. 
 Madison; Van Ness House, 224 Clark; Walhalla Hotel, A. Doemling, 
 proprietor, 115th, cor. Mountain; Walters' Hotel, John Walters, proprie- 
 tor, Anthony ave., cor Ninty-fourth (S. C); Washington Hotel, 17 W. 
 Madison; Waukegan House, 183 W. Lake; Waverly Hotel, John 
 Laurie, proprietor, 130 Lake; Waverly House, 63 W. Lake; Wayne 
 Hotel, 97 Michigan; Wells St. House, Mrs. Louisa Weser, proprietor, 95 
 N. Wells; West End Hotel, A. F. Doremus, proprietor, 503 W. Madison; 
 West Side Commercial Hotel, 116 W. Madison; Westminster Hotel, 
 Cole & Homan, proprietors, 462 N. Clark; Wheeling House, Joseph Teu- 
 fel, proprietor, 82-84 W. Lake; Windsor European Hotel, Samuel Greg- 
 sten, proprietor, 145-153 Dearborn; Witbeck Hotel, Mrs. Geo. Witbeck, pro- 
 prietor, 74 Adams; Wyndham Hotel, 2934 Prairie ave. 
 
 INEBRIATE ASYLUMS. 
 
 The institutions of the city which receive and treat patients suffering 
 from alcoholism are: Alexian Brothers' Hospital, 539-569 N. Market st. (take 
 N. Market st. car); Dr. Chas. W. Earle's private sanitarium, 533 Washington 
 blvd. (take Madison st. cable line); Martha Washington Home (for female 
 exclusively), Graceland and Western aves., Cuyler station, near Ravenswood 
 (take train at Wells st. depot, Wells and Kinzie sts.); Mercy Hospital, con- 
 ducted by the Sisters of Mercy, Calumet ave. and Twenty-sixth st. (take Cot- 
 tage Grove ave. cable line); St. Joseph's Hospital, conducted by the Sisters 
 of Charity, Garfield ave. and Burling st., nearN. Halsted st. (take Garfield 
 ave. or N. Halsted st. car), and the Washingtonian Home, W. Madison st. 
 a ad Ogden ave. (take Madison st. cable line). Of these institutions, hospital 
 treatment only is afforded by all excepting the Martha Washington and 
 Washingtonian Homes. The latter are reformatory institutions, and, when 
 their rules are strictly enforced, do not accept patients merely for physical 
 treatment. [See also " Keeley Institute, The," separate department of this 
 volume. 
 
 Martha Washington ^^.—Established by the Washingtonian Home 
 Association in 1881, as an auxiliary of the Washingtonian Home, where 
 females addicted to alcoholism might receive and be benefited by the same 
 treatment as that which males were receiving in the parent institution. The 
 home is located in the country, about one mile west of Cuyler station, on 
 the Chicago & North-Western railroad, or, properly speaking, on the corner 
 ot Graceland and Western aves. This institution is in charge of Mary F. 
 h elt, matron, under direction of a committee of admission and discharge 
 
362 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 consisting of three members of the executive committee of the Washing- 
 touian Home Association. The ladies' committee is composed of Mrs Geo. 
 Sherwood, Mrs. B. A. Miller, Mrs. Thomas Moulding, Mrs. Dr. C. W.Earle. 
 Mrs. Dr. H. M. Lyman and Mrs. James Frake. All applications for admis- 
 sion must be made to the committee of admission, excepting under certain 
 circumstances, when the matron may admit applicants pending a meeting of 
 the committee. Persons having a permanent home within Cook county, 
 whose circumstances render it imperatively necessary, are admitted free, at 
 the discretion of the committee on admission; but all other persons are 
 charged for their board and rooms at such rate per week as may be determined 
 from time to time by the executive committee. Persons able to pay are not 
 admitted for a less sum than $10 per week. No person is admitted for a less 
 period than four weeks. All persons, on becoming inmates, bind themselves 
 to observe and obey the rules and regulations governing the internal affairs 
 of the institution and perform any manual labor assigned them. Any delib- 
 erate violation of them will be considered good cause for discharge. 
 Applications for admission can be addressed to the matron, Ravenswood, 
 Cook county, Illinois, or to any member of the committee on admission, 
 Chicago. If application is made by letter, full statement should be given 
 of the case, the state of general health and the duration of the habit. 
 The inmates of the Home January 1, 1891, numbered 17; there were admitted 
 during 1891 102 inmates; discharged during the year, 110, leaving 9 in the 
 Home on January 1, 1892. The treatment received at the Home is excellent, 
 both as regards its medical and moral aspects, and the committee iu charge 
 claims that a very large percentage of those who pass through the institution 
 are permanently refomied. 
 
 Keeley Institute, The.— See " Keeley Institute. The," separate department 
 of this volume. 
 
 WasMngtonian Ho me .—Located at the corner of Madison st. and Ogden 
 ave., West Side. Superintendent, Daniel Wilkins, A. M.; matron, Mrs. 
 Diniel Wilkins; physician in charge, Addison H. Foster, M. D ; resi- 
 dent physician, Dr. Forest Smith; consulting physician, Dr. Norman 
 Bridge; consulting surgeon, Dr. D. W. Graham; consulting physician 
 for the insane, Dr. D. R. Brower; consulting aurist and occulist, Dr. 
 W. T. Montgomery; physician Martha Washington Home, Dr. W. Good- 
 smith. Conducted by The Washingtonian Home Association. Officers: 
 President, C. H. Case; vice-president, James Frake; secretary, H. H. Aldrieh; 
 assistant secretary, L. P. Richardson; treasurer, George Sherwood. The 
 Washingtonian Home was established in 1863, through the instrumentality of 
 a few gentlemen, notably Rolla A. Law and A. A. Cowdery, members of the 
 order of Good Templars. 
 
 Superintendent Wilkins has been in charge of the reformatery work of 
 the Home since 1875. In his last report to the board of managers he said, 
 among other things: 
 
 "During the tweity-seven years since October, 1863,13,009 patients have been 
 treated in the Washingtonian Home. Seven thousand of them were married and rep- 
 resented as many homes, and admitting that each family numbered four besides the 
 father, here are 28,000 mothers and children made happy and cared for, for a longer 
 orshor er period. During these years from one to six wives, separated from their 
 husbanls, have been re-united ; and assuming an average of two a week 2,700 families 
 have been re-eonstru ted, and the wives and children cheered with a happy home, and 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 363 
 
 very many of them made happy for life and the rest for a longer or shorter time. Six 
 thousand single m;jn nave been returned to their homes also to console the hearts of 
 mothers, sisters, fathers, brothers and friends. Who can tell the vast numbers that, 
 through the examples and efforts of our graduates, have been and willbe won into the 
 ranks of total abstainers and become a blessing to the world ? In view of these facts 
 and results, has ihe Washingtonian Home paid? Where on the pages of history can 
 you find an institution with such a record, or that has accomolished so much good in 
 so little time and with so little money, as the one you represent to-night? God is 
 with you, and he will bless you in saving yet the thousands who are not able to save 
 themselves. For this work is His work and it can not fail.'' 
 
 During 1891 there were treated in this hospital, by months, the following 
 number of patients: January, 105; February, 83; March, 113; April, 135; 
 May, 119; June, 121; July, 131; August, 114; September, 108; October, 91; 
 November, 100; December, 9; total, 1,311. The conditions of these patients 
 from the use of alcohol or drugs, or from the use of both, were as follows: 
 Mild alcoholism, 852; persistent alcoholism, 281; delirium tremens, 139; 
 morphia, hypodermically, 3; morphia eaters, 7; opium smokers, 1; tincture 
 opium, 1 ; insane, 5; received dying, 3; deaths, 7; total, 1,311. The work of hos- 
 pital was much the same in character and extent as for the previous three years, 
 although the number was about one hundred less than for 1890. The number 
 of cases of delirium tremens was larger than ever before, and the number of 
 violent cases (36) was very large; which, together with many critical cases 
 with dangerous complications, sent monthly by the city physician, demanded 
 the untiring attention and judicious management of the hospital steward, 
 which he most cheerfully and satisfactorily gives to every one coming 
 under his watch and care. Persons seeking admission for the first time, if 
 residents of Cook County, are never rejected. After the first time they can 
 only be admitted by the committee on admission and discharge. Persons able 
 t ) pay are charged $L0 to $15 for the first week, which includeshospitalattend- 
 iince, and from $5 to $20 f^r board in the Home proper, according to the 
 location and character of rooms desired. Theie is a common dining room. 
 The average patient is confined in th* 1 hospital seventy-two hours; to the 
 building two weeks, and is expected to board in the institution two weeks 
 longer, making his -stay four weeks in all. The Home is a strictly non-sec- 
 tarian institution and no religious or political discussion among the inmates 
 is permitted. The hour of risiDg is 5:30 a. m. , during all the year around 
 excepting Sundays, a half hour later; hour of retiring, 10 p. m. ; morning 
 prayers in the chapel 6 a.m., during all the year around, excepting Sundays, 
 a half-hour later; experience meetings Sunday evenings; visiting days Tues- 
 days and Fridays. A course of lectures is delivered by Prof. Wilkins to the 
 inmates on the effects of alcohol on the moral and physical man. The sub- 
 stance of these lectures is continued in a work by Mr. Wilkins, entitled " The 
 Curse of the World," a volume which should be placed in the hands of every 
 young man. The average number of inmates in the Home at present is 
 about ninety. The total receipts of the Washingtonian Home Association 
 for 1890 were $48,140.87, disbursements, $50,830.93. Balance in the treasury 
 January 1, 1891, $6,138.78. There was due from the city, however, about 
 $15,000 from license income. 
 
 KEELEY INSTITUTE, THE. 
 
 Probably no discovery in medicine has been productive of so much intel- 
 ligent discussion or so much widespread interest during recent years as that 
 made by Leslie E. Keeley, M. D., and it is certain that the workings of no 
 
364 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 medical institution in the world have been observed with closer attention 
 among all classes of people during the past three years, than that which is 
 known as The Keeley Institute, of Dwight, 111. This stands alone, among 
 the institutions of Illinois. It is something so original, so novel, so unique, that 
 the compiler has found it impossible to place it under any established classi- 
 fication. It must be treated in relief . It is not a hospital. It is not an asylum. 
 It is not a sanitarium. It is not a reformatory. It is all of these in one, and 
 yet it differs from them in so many essential points that it must not be con- 
 sidered as of their class, nor in connection with them. The matter which 
 follows is arranged so as to afford the stranger all the information required, 
 in the most convenient form possible. The various headings are arranged in 
 alphabetical order, and not according to the importance of the subjects, in 
 conformity with the rule which governs the treatment of all subjects in this 
 work. 
 
 Associated Keeley Bi-CMoride of Gold Club. — At the convention called by 
 the Directory of the Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of the world, which met in 
 Dwight on the 15th and 16th of February, 1892, the name of the general 
 organization was changed to the Associated Keeley Bi-Chloride of Gold 
 Club, and the requisites for membership were fixed as follows: No person 
 shall be eligible to membership in this association who has not taken the 
 Keeley bi chloride of gold treatment for alcoholic, narcotic or nervous dis- 
 eases; and no man sball be admitted to membership who is in any way con- 
 nected with the sale or manufacture of alcoholic stimulants as a beverage, or 
 who has lapsed after his treatment, or who has contracted one habit after 
 having been cured of another. 
 
 The following officers were elected to serve for 1892-93. President, S. E. 
 Moore, Pittsburg; vice-presidents, W. S. Arnold, Washington, and Frank P. 
 Clark, Kansas City; secretary and treasurer, the Hon. J. D. Kehoe, Ken- 
 tucky. Directors. W. M. Burris, Liberty, Mo.; John J. Flinn, Chicago; 
 the Hon. Waller Young, St. Joseph, Mo.; D. V. Youngblood, Carbondale, 
 111.; D. G. Wooten, Dallas, Tex.; J. M. Kelly, Pittsburg; A. R. Calhoun, 
 New York; S. A. McLean, Michigan; James A. Merritt, Minnesota; W. G. 
 Richardson, Kansas; Ed. F. Mullen, California. 
 
 Advisory Committees were appointed by the Executive Committee 
 for each State (see Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of the world under headings 
 " Clubs,gentlemen's and social") Leslie E. Keelej^, LL. D., M.D., was elected 
 honorary president. 
 
 Bi-Chloride of Gold Club.— The Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of Dwight, it 
 is unnecessary to say, is the parent Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of the world. 
 At the present writing it has a membership of about 4,000. [See Bi-Chloride 
 of Gold Club of Dwight, and Bi-Chloride of Gold Club of the World, under 
 "Clubs."] 
 
 Character of the Patients. — There may be found undergoing treatment 
 at Dwight, representatives of every class of society except that known as "tl e 
 bum element." If a man is a "bum" when he reaches Dwight, and is i.ot so 
 naturally, the odor of the pot-house and the barrel-house very speedily le* vps 
 him, and he finds that unless he quickly changes his manners his a»So 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 365 
 
 ciates will prove neither social nor tolerant. If he is a " bum " naturally the 
 chances are that he will not stay his full time out. There is another class 
 equally obnoxious and its representatives are received with even less con- 
 sideration. This is the "snob element." The man who comes to Dwight 
 with the idea that he will find there no person who by any possibility can be 
 considered as good as he is, is very quickly disenchanted with himself. At 
 first he holds himself aloof from the rest save when it is necessary for him to 
 get into line for treatment. By degrees be discovers that the men in front of 
 him and the men behind him occupy positions in the world far superior to 
 that held by him. His snobbishness, if he be not naturally a snob, soon disap- 
 pears. If he be a snob naturally he is not likely to stay his full time out either. 
 There may be found in the lines at Dwight representatives of every rank in 
 life. Professional men are there in large numbers. Physicians, lawyers, 
 ministers of the Gospel, authors, journalists, poets, wits, judges from the 
 bench, members of Congress, members of the various State Legislatures, civil 
 engineers, architects, and men of this character are scattered plentifully 
 through the lines, as well as bankers, merchants, contractors, railroad ( ffi- 
 cials, board of trade brokers, fiist-claf-s aitieans and mechanics and men of 
 that character. It is impossible for the newcomer to form any idea of the 
 class of men he is brought into contact with By slow degrees he becomes 
 acquainted and finds to his surprise that he has been walking shoulder to 
 shoulder, perhaps, with men whose names are familiar to the American public 
 and who occupy high places in the esteem of their fellow-citizens. 
 
 Daily Life at Dwight. — It is a quiet life at Dwight, but not a dull one. 
 There is no chance for dullness and stagnation where so many newspaper 
 men, politicians, lawyers, war veterans, and city men of affairs are gathered. 
 People find out each other here, and when a man is found out he is expected 
 to turn in and do his best for the general amusement or the public good. 
 Nearly every candidate for the bichloride of gold course goes to Dwight with 
 the desire and intention of keeping his visit a secret, and many make elabo- 
 rate preparations at home for carrying out the fiction of a visit to the Springs 
 or a trip to the seaside. But it amounts to nothing. They meet old acquaint- 
 ance s who have come on the same errand; they are recognized by friends on 
 passing trains, or gossipy people who are writing home send lists of distin- 
 guished inebriates who are their companions. The secret always comes out. 
 But the strange part of the story is that after the first week no one wants to 
 hide the fact that he has passed through Dr. Keeley's hands. He is proud of 
 it, ?.nd he exults in the ideathat he will be able to tell his friends that the 
 chains have fallen from hiswiistsand that he is free. " I am going home 
 next week," said a happy patient, " to let my wife get acquainted with me. 
 We have been married twelve years and she has never known her hus- 
 band!" Such sunshine as this has fallen upon thousands of homeholcls 
 that once were desolate, but now are filled with happiness. This will 
 explain why so many who came with reluctance and with doubt are glad to 
 hear from the doctor's lips that they must stay another week, and even then 
 leave Dwight with reluctance. This is why strong men break down in tears 
 when they come to say good-by. They have formed acquaintanceships which 
 are different from any they made before and which are the blossom and fruit 
 of a common knowledge of sorrow snd a common bitter experience. 
 The friendships made in^Dwight are unlike any that come up in the ordinary 
 business of life, and will be apt to outlast most others. The badge of the 
 
366 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 B : -Chloride of Gold club is likely also to be the longest worn of any such 
 ornaments. All the members have promised to wear it at all times, not only 
 as a shield and reminder, but also as a pleasant memorial of their days at 
 Dwight aEd the friends they made there. As the day of their departure 
 draws near patients who wonder why they were side-tracked at an unknown 
 village see the wisdom of the plan that brought them to Dwight. In a large 
 city or at a watering place the work they have been doing for themselves 
 would have been doubled by the temptations and distractions that presented 
 themselves. In the little village, whose peaceful homes are shaded by the 
 cottonwood and maple, and whose every open door welcomes the stranger, 
 the work of rest, peace, and regular habits proceeds apace. To the jaded 
 brain the song of the thrush and the call of the robin come with new mean- 
 ing as the man finds the years that were once worse than wasted dr. 'pping 
 from him, and that the vigor of early manhood, with its hopes and ambitions, 
 is returning. This is the work of restoration and reconstruction that is 
 claimed for Dr. Keeley and Dwight, and to which 5,000 saved men stand 
 ready to bear witness. The work and the place are adapted to each other 
 perfectly. The great and good physician who has given the best yeais of 
 his life to the rescue of the drunkard comes before the world fitly framed in 
 by the pretty little village of Dwight, where his work began, and from which 
 he has sent out a perpetual stream of sunshine on innumerable homes. There, 
 where men who had lost all hope heard from his lips the first promise of a 
 cure, and there they will look back to see him always, as they last saw him, 
 with a smile of trust upon his lips. And the last thing they forget in life 
 will be Dr. Keeley and the work he did for them at Dwight. 
 
 Departures and Arrivals. — Train time is always looked forward to at 
 Dwight, sometimes with pleasure and sometimes with sorrow. Pleasant ties 
 are broken every day. The departing graduate, while looking forward with 
 pleasure to meeting his friends once more, leaves his associates with regret. 
 He is generally given a hearty farewell. New arrivals are immediately taken 
 in hands by attendants of the Institute, who are always in waiting at the 
 station. [See illustration] No matter what Ihe condition of the arrival may be 
 no remarks are made about the man as he passes through the crowd. Under 
 no circumstances is good taste offended. 
 
 Depot. — The Chicago & Alton Railway Company has erected at Dwight a 
 hand- ome granite railway station for the accommodation of its patrons. It 
 was much needed. 
 
 Discovery of the Remedy. — From Opie P. Reed, journalist, novelist and wil : 
 ' 'For many years Dr. Keeley was a general practitioner at Dwight, and was the 
 fii st regularly-engaged railroad sursreon intheUnited States, having been tend- 
 ered theposition by the Chicago & Altontwenty years ago. He grew up with the 
 idea that drunkenness was a disease and that it could be cured; indeed, this 
 idea w r as an inheritance. His grandfather, an Irish gentleman and a fine 
 physician, held the same belief, and spent much of his life i'n the study of the 
 rubject, but without discovering a sure remedy. Years afterwards his son, 
 also a physician, continued the investigation, but, after a long life, died with- 
 out having made, the discovery which his father had so earnestly sought. 
 The present Dr. Keeley experimented for many years in the East where he 
 was born, and in the West at Dwight; indeed, during the war. while he was 
 surgeon in the Union army, he kept up his birth-seated habit of studying 
 drunkenness and its possible cure, 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 367 
 
 " One night about fourteen years ago the student walked forth from his 
 laboratory. Dwight was asleep; the late trains had passed; a quiet joy filled 
 the student's heart. Why? lie was satisfied that the leng-sought remedy 
 had been found. A strong test was not long wanting. Shortly after-ward 
 Dr. Keeley was summoned to attend an old man who had attempted to com- 
 mit suicide. He was the village drunkard. The doctor saved his life and 
 then applied his discovery. The old man lived many years, but never took 
 another drink of liquor." 
 
 Diseases Treated. — While by far the great majority of patients at Dwight 
 and its branches are treated for alcoholism or" drunkenness, great numbers 
 of victims of narcotics, such as opium, morphine, chloral, etc., and 
 tobacco, may also be found there, as well as sufferers from nervous dis- 
 eases not superinduced by the use of alcohol drugs or tobacco. The success 
 achieved by Dr. Keeley in his treatment of drunkenness has to a great extent 
 overshadowed his equally successful treatment of those addicted to ot-her a„j 
 more pernicious habits". This is naturally so for the reason that the disease 
 of alcoholism is so much more widespread and so much more prominent 
 in the eyes of the public. Dr. Keeley looks upon the cigarette habit as be : ng 
 the most pernicious he has to deal with. Because of the apparent innocence 
 of the habit it works a more complete ruin than any of the others to the nerv- 
 ous system of its victims. It is the only habit he is ocasionally led 
 to denounce positively as a vice. There are issued by the Leslie E. Keeley 
 Company a number of valuable pamphlets treating of the morphine and opiu*_i 
 habit, in all its various phases and degrees, of the tobacco habit, the cigaretie 
 habit, and of neurasthenia, or nerve exhaustion, with information of vast 
 importance to sufferers. These will be sent free to any person applying for 
 them at the Keeley Institute Dwight, or at any of its branches, or they will be 
 furnished together with any other imformation desired by any graduate of 
 any of the Keeley Institutes, everyone of whom considers himself an agent of 
 the company to the extent of spreading the light of Dr. Keeley's discoveries 
 so that all mankind may be benefited by it. No letter is ever left unanswered 
 at the Keeley Institute, and no question is considered too troublesome to be 
 answered by the staff of physicians in charge. 
 
 D (eight. — Dwight, Livingston county, 111 , a village made famous by Dr. 
 Leslie E. Keeley's discoveries in medicine, and made important by reason of 
 the location of the principal offices, laboratory and institute of the Leslie E. 
 Keeley Company there, is located in what is historically known as Grand 
 Prairie on the main line of the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis R. R., at the junc- 
 tion of its western division, about seventy-two miles from Chicago, and 
 twenty miles from Pontiac, the county seat. It is a place of about 2,000 
 inhabitants, is the third in size, and one of the most important shipping points 
 in the county. It was surveyed by Nelson Buck, deputy county surveyor for 
 Amos Edwards, the regular surveyor of the county, in the fall of 1853, for 
 R. P. Morgan, Jr., Jas. C. Spencer, John Lathrop and I. and K. O. Fell, who 
 owned the land on which it stands. The original town embraced the south- 
 west quarter of the southeast quarter of section 4; also the northwest quarter 
 of the northeast quarter, and the northeast quarter of the northwest quarter 
 of section 9, township 30, north range 7, east of the third principal meridian, 
 and on the 30th day of January, 1854, was dedicated by Mr. Morgan, and the 
 plat admitted to record. The following are his dedicatory words: "To be 
 known as the town of Dwight, and the streets and alleys described on the 
 
368 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 town plat are hereby donated to the public." It was named for Henry 
 Dwight, of New York, who was a capitalist, and furnished the money to 
 build the road from Joliet to Bloomington, known as the Chicago, Alton & 
 St. Louis Railroad. He is said to have lost a fortune in the construction of 
 this road, and as a compliment to him, and in honor of his noble deeds, his 
 name was given to the village, which, in spite of efforts to change it, it has ever 
 since borne. It is said that the first indication of a town was the raising of a 
 telegraph pole with a tin pan nailed on top, which served as a landmark and 
 guide to the surveyors engaged on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis Railroad, 
 or, as then known, the Chicago & Mississippi Railroad Company, with the 
 intention of building a railroad from Joliet to Alton. The road was located 
 by Oliver H. Lee, chief engineer of the company, and the work pushed for- 
 ward under the supervision of assistant engineers R. P. Morgan, Jr., H. A 
 Gardiner and James A. Spencer, with such vigor and dispatch that on the 4th 
 day of July, 1854, the first passenger train passed over the new road. Since 
 then, Dwight, up to within the past three years, can not be said to have pros- 
 pered. The railroad diverted such trade as formerly came to it to other 
 points. It slumbered along for years as a sort of a community of retired 
 farmers, and apparently knew as little and cared as little of the outside world 
 as the outside world knew and cared about it. It has much the appearance 
 of a frontier village to-day, the majority of the residences being one-story 
 cottages. It has one or two very pretty avenues, however, and some handsome 
 private residences, but it is plain that whatever prosperity it is now enjoyin j 
 is due directly to the location there of the Keeley Institute, the patients of whw 
 number from 700 to 1,000 at all times. These are, generally speaking, men 
 of means, and they have helped to swell the receipts of the shopkeepers, 
 besides leaving a great deal of money with the hotel and boarding-house 
 keepers. Dwight is a charming little prairie town in summer. In winter 
 this can not be truthfully said of it, although its streets are being rapidly 
 improved. The people of Dwight are socially agreeable, and patients at the 
 Feeley Institute are uniformly treated with consideration. The young people 
 are above the average in intelligence. There are good schools and churches 
 here. Amusements are such as are furnished by the different church and 
 secret societies, and the Bi-Chloride of Gold Club. The Keeley Company 
 and the village government have in contemplation numerous improvements, 
 the carrying out of which will completely transform the place within the next 
 few years. 
 
 Effects of the Treatment. — All sorts of nonsensical stories are told of the 
 effects of the Keeley treatment. There are patients who, for various reasons, 
 exaggerate their sufferings and tell extraordinary stories of their endurance, 
 simply for the purpose of leading their friends to believe that they are 
 undergoing a dreadful ordeal, and undergoing it like heroes. The treatment, 
 as a matter of fact, is a heroic one, but not in the sense that it brings great 
 mental orphysical suffering with it. The drunkard who has been on a short or 
 prolonged debauch probably never was " let down " so easily before. He is- 
 freed almost unconsciously from the desire for alcoholic stimulation, and with 
 out suffering the tortures which he has had to endure invariably on previous 
 occasions. Suppose he arrives drunk at the end of a month's spree. If he is 
 incapable of cafing for himself an attendant is placed in charge of him. He 
 is given a hypodermic injection in the left arm, and his attendant is pro. 
 vided with a bottle of the remedy, from which he administers a dose every 
 two hours. The attendant is also provided with a four ounce flask of good 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 369 
 
 whisky. There is no restraint on the patient. He can walk the streets, visit 
 the club or the institute, or go to sleep at his boarding house or hotel, as Ihe 
 fancy strikes him. But he gets his doses regularly every two hours, and his 
 hypodermic treatments at the regulation houis. If he arrives in the morning, 
 he is very nearly sober by night, but his supply of whisky is not cut off. lie 
 is entitled to whisky at D wight as long as he calls for it, but, of course, in 
 modified doses. He is not permitted to suffer for the want of it. If he is a 
 bad case he consumes eight or twelve ounces the first day. He is certain of 
 a good sleep at night, and next day he may consume eight ounces of whisky. 
 This, however, is an extreme case. The probability is that on the morning 
 of the third day he has no desire for it. He is likely to refuse it when it is 
 offered. He has slept well and his appetite is good. He is surprised, an azcd 
 to find that he is not nervous. His attendant leaves him. He is able to care 
 for himself from this time on. He takes an active part in the Bi-Chloride of 
 Gold club. He begins to enjoy life. There is, perhaps, some dimness of 
 sight and some slight interruption of thought. This continues for about 
 three days. He is a little forgetful and absent-minded, but such a condition 
 is easily accounted for when it is considered that a perfect metamorphosis 
 has taken place in the man within seventy-two hours. His sight and his 
 mind soon clear up, and his intellect comes out like the sun from behind a 
 bank of summer clouds, and shines with a brilliancy that astonishes himself 
 and his friends. He is once more a Man. He may be physically weak for 
 ten days or so, but at the end of two weeks he begins to gain flesh; his energy 
 returns; he is full of vigor; he feels that the world is his. At the end of the 
 third or fourth week he leaves Dwight with a heart full of gratitude and a 
 mind bent upon noble purposes. The whole thing is a mystery to him. He 
 bovvs his head in acknowledgment of God's mercy in raising up Dr. Keclry 
 as an instrument of salvation, and does not care to penetrate the veil winch 
 shields the mighty secret from his view. 
 
 Express Office. — Like a great many other things in Dwight, the express 
 office facilities have not kept pace with the demand and consignments of 
 articles necessary to the comfort of patients, are very frequently delayed 
 beyond all reason. The facilities should at least be doubled. 
 
 Harry Lawrence's. — The patient at Dwight has scarcely arrived before 
 he registers at " Harry Lawrence's." The proprietor is a genial, whole-souled 
 Missourian. He hails from a town called Slater, which he pronounces " Sla- 
 taw," with a true Missouri dialect. This is the great butter-milk repository 
 of Dwight. Butter-milk, by the way, is a favorite beverage in the village, 
 and barrels of it are consumed daily by the patients. Harry Lawrence isT a 
 graduate, and has done perhaps as much as any single man toward spreading 
 the light. Attached to his place is a restaurant conducted in first-class style, 
 and managed by Willie Reilly, a Chicago boy, also a graduate. 
 
 Government Recognition. — The United States Government recognizes the 
 Keeley Treatment and has authorized the use of the Keeley remedies in 
 twenty-eight National and State Soldiers' and Sailors' Homes. The Board of 
 Managers of these institutes is composed as follows: The President of the 
 Unted States, the Chief Justice, the Secretary of War — ox-officios; General 
 William B. Franklin, president of the board; Gen. William J. Sewell, first 
 vice-president; Gen. John C Black, second vice-president ; Gen. Martin T. 
 McMahon, secretary; Col. John L. Mitchell. Major Edmund Morrill, Gen. 
 George Bonebrake, Gen. Alfred L. Pearson, Gen. James Barnett, Gen. Fran- 
 cis Fessenden and Gen. George W. Steele. 
 
370 GUIDE TO (ITTK'AGO. 
 
 Hotel and Boarding House Accommodation. — Hot el accommodation for trans- 
 its or regular gues's may be obtained atDwight by the day or week. The Liv- 
 ingston, owned by the Leslie E. Keeley Company, is the leading hotel of the 
 village, and is conducted in first-class slyle. Rates $3 per day and upward, 
 according to character of accommodation and room required. Other hotels con- 
 venient to the Institute are the Avenue House, Cornell House, Ketcham House, 
 McPherson House and Pennsylvania House. Rates at any of the last named, 
 $1.50 per day; board by the week, $7 and $10. Board by the week generally 
 in Dwight, including bed, $7. Better accommodations may be had by renting 
 rooms separately at a cost of from $3 to $5 per week; and the best board 
 may be obtained at from $5 to $7 per week. Patients are directed to board- 
 ing houses by the Leslie E. Keeley Company. Many large boarding houses 
 ha vi recently been erected. 
 
 How One Man was Diseased, and How Cared. — It would be impossible to 
 give even a summary of the thousands of cures which have taken place at 
 Dwight. The compiler can only give a striking example of the speed with 
 which the peculiar condition of a sufferer is understood, and the rapidity with 
 which he recovers under the treatment. The following will serve as an illus- 
 tration. The story is told by the person who passed through the experience. 
 Ic will be understood by all those who have ever been cursed with the disease, 
 as well as those who have had to deal with periodical drunkards: " I was a 
 periodical drunkard and could always tell when one of my attacks was coming 
 on. My pulse would graduallv begin to beat faster and faster, and would, 
 after a week's fight against liquor, run as high as 140. I would arrange my 
 business so that I could leave home and would then go away and drink des- 
 perately for a month or more. I have gone until my feet would swell so that 
 a vein would burst and fill my shoe with blood. My father one day thus up- 
 braided me : ' I can understand how a man, out with a party of friends, can 
 be led off, but how a man can arrange his affairs as you do, get drunk, you 
 might say, in cold-blooded premeditation, is something I do not understand. 
 I attempted to explain, but could not, and referred the matter to our family 
 physician . 'Do you mean to tell me/ said he, 'that whisky, the very remedy 
 we use in heart failure, is the only thing that will reduce your pulse ?' 'I 
 do,' I answered. ' I can't believe it. Come to my office the next time you are 
 attacked.' One day, in company with my father, I called on the doctor. I 
 held out my hand. The doctor timed my pulse — 140. He vainly tried medi- 
 cine after medicine, and finally said: 'I don't understand it.' 'Give me 
 some whisky,' said I. He gave me a glass of liquor and my pulse dropped 
 to eighty. ' I give it up,' said he, and then, turning to my father, said : 'Mr. 
 Lyons, your son can't help it. It is a disease.' The doctor afterwards 
 ' wrote me up' for a medical journal. I was sent to Boston to be treated, but 
 my disease broke out again while I was under treatment. I was taken to 
 Paris, but I was compelled to drink, and came home hopeless. One morning 
 my father called my attention to an article in the New York Sun. [The Sun's 
 attention was called to the Keeley cure by articles in the Chicago Tribune .] It 
 recounted the wonderful cures that had been effected by Dr. Keeley 's bichloride 
 of gold treatment. I had never heard of Dwight, and , having failed of a cure 
 in the world's most famous city, had no faith in Dr. Keeley, but. several days 
 later, when I felt an attack coming on, I started for Dwight. I was almost 
 a madman when I arrived, and as soon as I saw the doctor I began to explain 
 the peculiarity of my case. 'Yes,' he said, cutting me off, ' nearly every man 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 371 
 
 has a peculiar case. How long has it been since you drank?' 'About a month,' 
 Ianswered. 'Well, then you don't need any whisky. 'But,' I almost raved, 
 ' I must have it. See, my pulse is running away with me. You don't seem 
 to understand my case.' He made no reply to my statement, but quietly 
 requested me to expose my left arm. I did so, and he injected his pink fluid, 
 and then, giving me a bottle of tonic, dismissed me. If I could have boarded 
 a train I would have left in disgust; but as I could not, I went to bed after 
 taking a dose of the tonic. I got up and took a dose several times during the 
 night, and was surprised at morning to find that my pulse had gone down, 
 but the thirst was still strong upon me, and I hastened to the doctor's office. 
 He gave me a ' shot ' in reply to my demand for liquor, and I was again 
 sent away with the instructions to take my tonic regularly. Well, within a 
 week's time my thirst was entirely gone and my nerves were stronger than 
 they had been for years. I would not be in the condition I was when I 
 came here, if there were no such treatment in view, for a million dollars, for 
 in that condition money could only supply the means of destruction." 
 
 Information for the Interested. — The Leslie E. Keeley Company has pre- 
 pared the following necessary information for those who are interested in the 
 bichloride of gold remedies. It should be read carefully: 
 
 We are called upon in hundreds of letters, which daily come to this office, to 
 answer questions regarding our tt eatment, methods, general expenses and usual time 
 necessary for a complete and thorough cure of the liquor habit; and finding - it impos- 
 sible to spare time for each letter in detail, we embody the necessary information 
 in this general letter to meet such inquiries, and thus insure more prompt knowledge 
 on the subject. 
 
 First, Dr. Keeley has been in this special department of medicine twelve 
 years, during which time he has f aved more fathers, sons, husbands and brothers, 
 than have all other means to the same end since the beginning of the century. 
 
 Second, we are constantly crowded with patients from every state and territory 
 in t^e Union, here for a cure of the Liquor disease, who come and go with unvarying 
 regularity every three weeks. They are from every walk in life, from the capitalist 
 to the mechanic. We hav* no Sanitarium Buildings, no behind " stone walls 1 ' or 
 "iron bars " for patients. Our system does not requ re them. Patients coming to 
 Dwight goto good, comfortable hotels or boarding houses, take their remedy there 
 every two hours while awake, and report at the general office pour times daily, 
 at stated intervals, for auxiliary treatment— this as a part of their exercise. 
 
 Third, the time here is three weeks, and in that three weeks Mr. Keeley will do 
 more for a liquor habitue than can be chne for him elsewhere on th^ face of the 
 globe in three years— he will give him a cure— a cure that will come to him 1 ke a 
 benediction f rim God, without aid or effort of his part, and come to stay. Dr. Keeley 
 does not hesitate t) give every Jiqu r habitue comiog here all the liquor necessary 
 until he drops it of his own volition, which is usually in from 36 to 48 hous after 
 commencing treatment. He then drops it, never to take it up again while life lasts, 
 as never again is it a necessity or a temptation. 
 
 We have but one i rice to all c mers, namely, $25.f0aweek for Remedy and 
 Treatment; board is extra, and costs from $5 to $-1 per week, according to inclination 
 and puw. 
 
 In all Remedy sent out for Home Treatment we embody a limited amount of 
 the support solution heretoiore mentioned as auxiliary treatment in the men- 
 strum of the Remedy. In this manner we try to give as nearly as possible Treatment 
 identical with that at Dwight. 
 
 We are always anxious to make a Cure in every case to which the Remedy is 
 sent, and to do this we urge constant and accurate Reports sent in every third day. 
 These reports are answered by a personal letter of advice and instruction, and through 
 this method we take charge of each case from beginning to finish, and thus protect 
 the Cure. We always enclose a Report-blank to those desiring Home Treatment. 
 This filled out accurately enables us to gold-grade Remedy to meet, as nearly as pos- 
 sible, the conditions so given, and to secure best results. 
 
 We counsel no Lquor given in Home Treatment unless to absolutely support 
 and sustain. Then only in small quantities and at long intervals. When the Remedy 
 takes full hold upon the system the patient will not want liquor. 
 
372 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 The price of the Remedy for Home Treatment is $9 per pair, and be'ng a liquid 
 mu-.t be sent by Expre s. Cash with ihe o.derwill save return Express charges, 
 otherwise shipments are madj C. O. D. 
 
 Inebriety a Disease. — From a lecture delivered at Chicago by Dr. Leslie 
 E. Keeley, under the auspices of the Press Club: 
 
 "I do not claim that society is yet ready to accept the conclusion that 
 confirmed inebriates are morally irresponsible, but society is now obliged to 
 accept the fact that confirmed inebriety is a disease. The evidences of this fact 
 comprise all the evidence there is of ihe existence of any disease. There is 
 poison as a cause. There are symptoms and signs of disease. These facts have 
 long bee nknown, but there is now the additional evidence which is confirmatory 
 that the disease of inebriety is curable by mediciDe. The moral factor of 
 inebriety has always stood in the way of recognition by the public that ine- 
 briety is a disease. The alcoholized patient, or culprit, or prisoner is held 
 responsible morally because he buys the poison voluntarily, and takes it him- 
 self, which brings into the case the factor of vice viewed from the standpoint 
 of law and morality. Setting aside this factor, there is no difference in general 
 terras between drunkenness or alcoholism and typhoid fever or insanity — and, 
 in fact, when we continue the analysis of the features of likeness there is no 
 difference. The germ diseases as typhoid-fever, consumption, scarlet-fever 
 and diphtheria, are caused by germ poisons, and it was formerly the custom to 
 call these diseases "providential" or visitations from God, the reason being 
 that the cause was unknown. Now, however, that the cause is known we 
 learn that the public and individuals are as responsible morally for the exist- 
 ence of the poisons as they are for the existence of alcohol. A man who 
 refuses to be vaccinated or refuses this protection to his family is responsible 
 if small-pox is the consequence. Communities which neglect sanitation and 
 have a death rate of ten or twenty above the minimum rate per 1,000, are 
 responsible for the consequent sickness and death. An individual who uses 
 water that he knows, or should know, may be contaminated and gets typhoid 
 fever therefrom is morally as responsible as the man who drinks alcohol until 
 he becomes a drunkard. From these facts, then, I can see no difference in a 
 general sense between the disease of inebriety and t} phoid fever or other dis- 
 eases. They are all, every one, caused by poisons which produce the disease, 
 and individuals and communities are equally responsible from the moral 
 standpoint for all diseases that are preventible. Inebriety also bears the same 
 relation to cure and prevention that other diseases do. All diseases, includ- 
 ing inebriety, s-honld be prevented rather than cured, but this world, while 
 truly seeking the artof preventing all diseases, has not yet reached the goal. 
 The foundation of this disease, with its manifestations of periodical inebriety, 
 consists in a characteristic variation of the tissue cells of the brain, which 
 can be caused by nothing else than a'cohol. This variation of celh is partly 
 lost or cured naturally during the rhythmicinlerval of sobriety, but for the 
 reason that force underlies this manifestation and that all force is physically 
 rhythmic, this condition returns again; that is, the manifestation of inebriety 
 again returns and again recedes, and that is what makes the habitual drunk- 
 ard. Dwight is called the ' court of last resort for God's unfortunates,' and I 
 think justly so. I will take any liquor habitue there, soddened and saturated 
 by twenty years of alcoholic debauch, sober him in two hours, cut short his 
 worst spree in four hours, take him from inebriety to perfect sobriety without 
 nervous shock or distress, and leave him anti-pathetic to alcoholic stimulants 
 of every sort and kind inside of three days and, in the meantime, will give 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 373 
 
 him all the liquor he asks for; this, with the confident assurance that he will 
 drop it of his own volition in from thirty-six to forty-eight hours. Never 
 again will he want or desire it, though he should live a hundred years, 
 and if he goes back to liquor he will do so, not because of want or desire, but 
 simj ly with intention to resume his old habits. The sobering up process at 
 Dwight is a small matter, though one much dreaded by theinebiiate at home. 
 I take him from inebriety to perfect sobiiety much as a ship is lifted from the 
 water to the dry-docks without strain. The formulae for the cure of inebriety 
 and opium habit, which I have discovered after years of experimental work, 
 has never yet been published and never will be, for general use. 1 am aware 
 that alleged analyses of my formulas are published in the newspapers. I 
 pronounce them unqualifiedly false. I rest easy upon the matter of analysis, 
 otherwise I would not send my remedy broadcast over the world to whoever 
 calls for it. It would take a river of it to make a quantitative or qualitative 
 analysis, or, in other words, an analysis in fact. To give to the general pub- 
 lic the formulae from which my remedy is compounded would be to simply 
 destroy its efficacy as a cure. The remedy is not a proprietary one, similar to 
 the many others known as patent medicines upon the market in drug stores. 
 It is a complete system which must be closely watched from beginning to 
 finish, and from which no detail can be omitted without endangering its 
 success." 
 
 Keeley as a Man. — Opie P. Reed in a letter to the Chicago Tribune. — In- 
 stantly upon meeting Dr. Keeley, a student of character feels that he is in the 
 presence of a great man, nor does this impression grow less with acquaint- 
 ance. On the contrary, the first conception is strengthened. I have seen 
 great generals and have interviewed statesmen, and have come away feeling 
 that the public had overrated them; but the more I contemplate Dr. Keeley 
 the more am I convinced that he is really a great man — a great scientist. He 
 is surely doing more good than any man living to-day; more good than any 
 statesman or any philanthropist. He is the restorer of happiness to homes 
 that have long been the abode of misery; he is healing the broken hearts of 
 wretched mothers and wives, and is giving back to man his forfeited claim 
 upon happiness. He firmly takes in a despair and gently turns it out a 
 hope. 
 
 Keeley Institutes — Branches. — A large number of important branches of 
 the Keeley Institute have been established. These are scattered throughout the 
 country. In the near future it is likely that one or more branch institutions 
 will be found in every State in the Union, in Canada and in the different 
 countries of Europe. The following is a list of the authorized State agencies 
 operating under the name and title of "The Keeley Institute," in existence 
 up to March 1, 1892. These comprise the only genuine representatives for 
 the treatment of patients with the Dr. Leslie E. Keeley bichloride of gold 
 remedies: 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Paris, Texas. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Des Moines, Iowa. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, 530 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Tne Keeley Institute, White Plains, N. Y. 
 
 Tne Keeley Institute, Marysville, Ohio. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Edgewood ave. and Ivy st., Atlanta, Ga 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Valley City, N. D. 
 
 Tha Keeley Institute, Plainfield, Ind. 
 
374 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, cor. Third and Madison sts., Portland, Ore. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Blair, Neb. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Hot Springs, Ark. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Lancaster, Wis. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, 3811 Fifth ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Palatka, Fla. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Leavenworth, Kas. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Sioux Falls, S. D. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Olympia, Wash. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Cheyenne, Wyo. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Greensboro, N. C. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Salem, Va. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Farmington, Me. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Oklahoma City, Ind. Ty. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Los Gatos, Cal. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Hot Springs, S. D. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Madkonville, Obio. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, North Conway, N. H. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Northville, Mich. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, West Haven, Conn. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Cherokee, Iowa. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Gardo House, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Westfield, N. Y. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, 1607 Sanderson ave., Scranton, Pa. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Binghamton, N. Y. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Beatrice, Neb. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, St. Joseph, Mo. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Denver, Colo. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Colorado Springs, Colo. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Columbia, S. C. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Topeka, Kan. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, O'Neill, Neb. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Waukesha, Wis. 
 
 The Keeley Institute, Excelsior Spring? , Mo. 
 
 Keeley Institute, Chicago. — At this writing it is impossible to say what 
 the plans of the Keeley Company are regarding the establishment of an Insti- 
 tute in the city of Chicago. That one will be established is certain. Negotia- 
 tions are understood to be in progress for the purchase of a large and hand- 
 some structure on the South Side. 
 
 Keeley Institutes, Foreign. — Keeley Institutes have been provided for 
 throughout Great Britain and Ireland. Branch institutes will also be estab- 
 lished in Norway, Sweden, Russia and Australia at an early day. It is 
 highly probable that within a year there will be Keeley Institutes in every 
 considerable city and town on the continent of Europe. 
 
 Keeley Institute, Winnetka. — The Leslie E. Keeley Company has pur- 
 chased a tract of sixty acres of land on the bluffs overlooking Lake Michigan 
 between Winnetka and Fort Sheridan, one of the most beautiful spots on the 
 north shore. Here will probably be erected in the near future a group of 
 buildings which will form the nucleus of the Central Keeley Institute of the 
 World. It is not improbable that Dr. Keeley will reside here. So far as is 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 375 
 
 known, the intention is to preserve the Institute at Dwight intact. It would 
 be out of place here to make any predictions as to the future of the Winnetka 
 Institute, as Dr. Keeley's plans have not been given to the public. 
 
 Keeley Institute, Parent House. — Located at Dwight, 111. This institute 
 is underthe immediate supervision of Leslie E. Keeley, M. D.,LL. D., discoverer 
 of the Keeley remedies. This is the center from which all branch institutes 
 derive their authority, receive their supplies and obtain their medical direc- 
 tors. Connected with the present institute is the laboratory of the com- 
 pany, in charge of Prof. John R. Oughton, and the business department of 
 the company in charge of Major Curtis J. Judd . The medical department is 
 in charge of Dr. J. E. Blaine, who ranks as chief of staff. His assistants are 
 all regularly-graduated physicians and men of high standing in the profession, 
 some of them being specialists of established reputation. The attendance of 
 patients here is always much larger than at any of the branches, frequently 
 reaching upward of 1,000, although the treatment received is precisely the 
 same at al 1 Keeley institutes . All physicians placed in charge of branches receive 
 their training here. They are not permitted to administer the remedies until 
 they shall have first thoroughly familiarized themselves with the peculiar 
 methods pursued under Dr. Keeley's system, with the use of the needle and 
 with the various phases of the different diseases arising from the use of alcohol 
 and narcotics. The buildings which compose the Keeley Institute at Dwight 
 consist of a beautiful structure, known as the "Laboratory," in which the 
 general accounting rooms and offices of the physicians are located; the treat- 
 ment hall; the Livingston Hotel; a sanitarium for women; a home for 
 attendants, where bad cases are first lodged; the Bi-Chloride of Gold Club 
 apartments, and various buildings scattered throughout the village. 
 The Livingston occupies the site of Dr. Keeley's old office, where he toiled 
 along for over twelve years, unrecognized by his profession, and almost 
 unknown to the world. The Laboratory building contains the following 
 departments: Laboratory for the dispensing of the general line of medicines 
 used in this treatment. Offices for the clerical purposes necessary for so large 
 a business, also for the use of the lady stenographers of which they have to 
 employ at present fifteen, besides book-keepers, clerks, etc. The Treatment 
 Hall is removed from this structure, and convenient to the club rooms, where 
 patients lounge and amuse themselves. Here at the proper hours [see Rules 
 and Regulations] the patients form into lines for treatment. An illustration 
 of the method pursued is given in this work. This shows Dr. Keeley in the 
 foreground, noting the condition of patients as they pass from the hands of 
 the operating physicians. The four daily hypodermic injections are given in 
 the left arm, a slit being made in the shirt sleeves of the patients, as a rule, 
 although many prefer to roll the sleeve up to the shoulder. At each operating 
 table there are two physicians, one to use the needle, the other to see tha 
 patients are provided with remedies for minor indispositions. The former 
 observes closely the pupils of the eyes of every patient as he approaches, 
 and regulates the injection accordingly. A third physician stands in the rear 
 of these (in the position of Dr. Keeley as shown in the engraving} who takes 
 each patient by the wrist after treatment, as he passes out, to note the tem- 
 perature of the body, condition of skin, dilation of pupil, etc., and also 
 enquires regarding the general health of the subject. One line is usually 
 reserved for new patients, and the physician who is detailed to attend to the 
 duty last named, in this line, also supplies the liquor required in two-ounce, 
 four-ounce or eight-ounce bottles, as the case may be. No patient is refused 
 
376 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 whisky. Just so long as he desires it, it is freely given. He usually declines 
 it twenty-four hours after the treatment has begun. 
 
 .Leslie E. Keeley Company, The. — The Leslie E. Keeley'Company, of 
 D wight, 111., is a corporate body. It was organized under the laws of this 
 State for the manufacture and sale of the Leslie E. Keeley remedies for the 
 cure of the alcohol, opium, morphine, tobacco and similar habits, and for the 
 treatment of nervous diseases generally. Leslie E. Keeley, M. D. LL. D., 
 the discoverer of the. Bichloride of gold cure, is president; Mr. John R. 
 Oughton, the chemist cf the institute, is vice-president; Maj. Curtis J. Judd, 
 the business manager of the institute, is secretary and treasurer. It is under- 
 stood that the entire capital stock of the company is controlled by these three 
 men. Messrs. Oughton and Judd became interested in the Keeley discoveries 
 long before the Bichloride of gold remedies had achieved a reputation, and 
 remained steadfast in their faith, although it appeared many times that the 
 discoveries made by Dr. Keeley would never obtain the recognition which 
 they deserved, and which they are now receiving throughout the world. 
 
 Medical Staff. — The medical staff of the Keeley Institute at Dwight is 
 composed as follows: 
 
 Leslie E. Keeley, M. D., LL. D., 
 
 John E. Blaine, M. D., Chief of Staff , 
 
 Milton R. Keeley, M. D., T. D. Williams, M. D., 
 
 Allan Burdick, M. D., E. G. Dick, M. D., 
 
 Russell Broughton, M. D., F. D. Martin, M. D., 
 
 Norton Brokaw, M. D., W. M. Brown, M. D., 
 
 I. L. Compton, M. D., W. W. Steele, M. D. 
 
 Neicspapers. — The Star and Herald of Dwight is the leading newspaper. 
 It is a weekly and well edited and a large amount of space is devoted to the 
 club affairs and other information of interest to patients and graduates. It is 
 customary for graduates upon leaving to subscribe for the Star and Herald 
 that they may be kept acquainted with the movements of their associates and 
 other matters connected with the institute. The Banner of Gold, a weekly 
 newspaper devoted to the interests of Keeley graduates, and a publication of 
 high literary merit, is issued from Chicago. [See Banner of Gold, under head 
 of "Newspapers."] 
 
 No Restraint. — From a lecture delivered in Chicago, before theBi-Chloride 
 of Gold club by Maj. Curl i 3 J. Judd: "The old method of treatment doctors 
 had come to believe in, and of course it was difficult to argue with them and 
 to bring them to see matters as he did. The argument against Dr. Keeley 
 was that he could not do what he claimed because it never had been done. 
 Dr. Keeley contended that he could effect a cure of the liquor and opium 
 habits by treating them as diseases. He would use no force in the matter 
 whatever, but whoever came under his treatment should be simply a 
 resident of the village he was in, and have all the liberty that he had where 
 he came from. They should be merely temporary residents of Dwight. Dr. 
 Keeley claimed that the voluntary assent of the patient to be under his treat- 
 inentdistinguished the mind sufficiently; that under no consideration did he 
 consider the disease of inebiiety, even to the extent of delirium tremens, a 
 case for confinement; and he never has done it. That is one of the strongest 
 features in his treatment — that a necessity does not exist for confinement in 
 any case. I can not remember of a single case of delirium tremens where 
 
i 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 377 
 
 the patient himself was vicious. You may read the medical books and hear 
 people talk of public and private asylums, and you will hear of nothing but 
 viciousness on the part of inebriates. That is what surprises me, Dr. Kee- 
 ley's theory was that you made th°se cases vicious by confinement, by forc- 
 ing them to do what in their own judgment was wrong. By employ- 
 ing coercion, as Dr. Keeley terms it, you are creating what you try to 
 cure, a species of madness or insanity. That is the exterior treatment of 
 inebriety. It is carried out to-day identically as Dr. Keeley laid his plans 
 ten years ago. He is carrying out what he has studied and made a life-work 
 for the last twenty-five years." 
 
 Other Bi-Chloride of Gold Cures. — The compiler of this work has been 
 requested to call attention to the institutes established in Chicago and else- 
 where claiming to be conducted on the same principal as the Keeley Institute 
 at Dwight. While he has, in a few instances at least, no reason to doubt the 
 honesty of purpose behind some of these establishments, he has every reason 
 to doubt it as regards some others. He has no personal knowledge of the 
 efficacy of the cures said to be performed by them. He has personal knowl- 
 edge of the efficacy of the Keeley cure. He does *not hesitate to say here 
 that he has received the benefits of the Dwight treatment. He considers the 
 cure of inebriety too serious a question to be trifled with, and cannot give 
 his indorsement to institutions of which he knows nothing. He gives his 
 indorsement to the Keeley remedies cheerfully 'and without qualification. 
 
 Photography. — The photograph studio of the Dwight Art Company is 
 worthy of a visit from the stranger. Here are collected innumerable photo- 
 graphs, showing in groups and individual portiaitsthe men who have passed 
 through the Keeley Institute at Dwight. It is customary among the patients, 
 from time to time, to have their pictures taken in what is known as " contin- 
 gents." For example, groups of Chicagoans of the different classes may be 
 seen here, as well as groups of Missourians, Kentuckians, New Yorkers, etc. 
 The art gallery is well conducted and very well executed photographs are 
 produced here. 
 
 Pocket Money. — Patients at Dwight are not supposed to carry any great 
 amount of money with them. Whatever amounts they may bring are 
 expected to be deposited with the Keeley Institute, where a credit is given, 
 and upon which the patient may draw, from time to time, within certain lim- 
 itations. Necessary articles may be procured from the stores in the village by 
 patients upon giving an order on the Keeley Company. Lending money is 
 positively prohibited. The occasions when an attempt is made to borrow, 
 however, are very rare. 
 
 Post-Office. — The post-office at Dwight is in charge of the Hon. J. B. Par- 
 sons, who has for assistants persons who are in sympathy with the patients 
 and who do their utmost toward accommodating them. In many respects 
 this post-office is an anomaly. During a single month there may be from one 
 thousand to fifteen hundred.changes in the complexion of the letter addresses. 
 From twenty -five to forty arrivals and departures occur every day. The 
 great bulk of the mail received must pass through the general delivery. 
 Unlike the average post-office in a small town, the assistants can never become 
 perfectly familar with faces of persons calling for mail. There are received 
 at the Dwight Post-office every-day for distribution, hundreds of letters 
 addressed to new names. There are also deposited in the post-( ffice numer- 
 ous letters without any addresses, many with the addresses only partially com- 
 
378 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 plete and many others addressed to the writers. These letters are usually- 
 written within the three or four days after tbe arrival of the patients at 
 Dwight, when their minds are confused. Notwithstanding all this, the letters 
 addressed to or addressed by patients, as a general rule, reach their destina- 
 tion. 
 
 Railroad Communication. — The Chicago & Alton is the only railroad 
 touching Dwight directly. From Chicago take train at Union Depot, West 
 Side. All trains stop here. From Kansas City and St. Louis, and from all 
 points on the Alton system, Dwight may he reached directly. Pullman 
 sleepers on all through trains. Chair cars are run free. The Alton Com- 
 pany and employes pay special attention to patients destined for Dwight, and 
 will see to their safety and comfort. 
 
 Rules and Regulations. — The following are the rules and regulations gov- 
 erning the course of treatment at Dwight. In effect these laws govern the 
 treatment at all branch institutes: 
 
 First . No patient accepted for a less period than three weeks' course of treatment. 
 All patients are required to register and arrange all financial matters with the treas- 
 urer on arrival. Borrowing or loaning money between patients is positively prohibited. 
 
 Second. Stiict regularity must be observed in the use of Remedy every two hours 
 during the day, and promptness at the office for' hypodermic treatment four times 
 daily, viz.: 8:U0 o'clock a. m., 12 o'clock noon, 5 o'clock p. M., 7:30 o'clock p. M. If for 
 any good reason patients are unable to attend office treatment, physicians will visit 
 their residence. 
 
 Third. The remedy for internal use is compounded to meet individual require- 
 ments, and all exchanging or loaning between patients is interdicted. 
 
 Fourth. The use of tobacco in any form is prohibited for fifteen minutes before 
 and fifteen minutes after office treatment. 
 
 Fifth. Cigarette smoking and gambling will be punished by dismissal. 
 
 Sixth. Baths are prescribed at least twice each week. 
 
 Seventh. Patients are requested to preserve silence ia the office, while in line or 
 when through office treatment. 
 
 Eighth. Gentlemanly deportment is expected from all, and profanity, lewd con- 
 versation, boisterous conduct on the street, at hotels or boarding houses, will be 
 severely reprimanded, and if persisted in will be visited by prompt expulsion. 
 
 Ninth. Strangers visiting Dwight, as well as the residents, must not be annoyed 
 in any manner; and graduates should be permitted to take their departure without 
 unnecessary demonstration. 
 
 Tenth. Statements will be furnished from the office at close of treatment, and all 
 are requested to present complete board accounts in ample time for adjustment. Ail 
 changes in boarding locations should ba promptly reported to the office. 
 
 Eleventh. Every patient accepting treatment at Dwight must comply with these 
 rules in every particular 
 
 Rules are not made to be broken at Dwight. Once made their observ- 
 ance is imperative. No patient, no matter who he may be, or what influence 
 there is behind him, can break a rule with impunity. If it is deemed best for the 
 good of his associates, he is expelled summarily. Dwight, like opportunity, 
 only knocks once at a man's door. If he fails to profit by his experience there 
 he can never return. This is an absolute rule. Dr. Keely expects every man 
 who visits Dwight for treatment to be, above everything else, a gentlemen. 
 His condition, his clothing, his nativity, his creed, are not noticed, but his 
 conduct is watched closely. If he does not behave himself, once sobered, like 
 a man, he is invited to leave, and can never return. 
 
 Slang. — The use of slang phrases in connection with the Keeley treat- 
 ment is prohibited. There are certain expressions which are particularly 
 obnoxious to Dr. Keeley. There is one expression, however, tbat will prob- 
 ably outlive all interdiction. It has come to be a word of general usage among 
 the patients and graduates. The word is " shot" and is used in connection 
 with the hypodermic treatment. It is short, succinct and expressive. It is 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 379 
 
 much easier for a patient to say, " I have taken rny shot,'' than it is to say, 
 " I have taken my hypodermic injection." It is not used in a contemptuous 
 way. The treatment hall is called at times the " shot tower " and the " shoot- 
 ing gallery." Of course, these expressions are not used in the hearing of Dr. 
 Keeley. 
 
 Sympathy. — No class of invalids are so ready to receive sympathy as 
 those recovering from the effects of a debauch, and none appreciate it more. 
 The first thiDg the patient learns at Dwight is that every one of the hundreds 
 who march in line with him is, like himself, a being struggling to escape 
 from the slavery of drink. He soon discovers also that every one of the at- 
 tending physicians is a Dwight graduate, and that many of the employes of the 
 institute have been cured by Dr. Keeley of the same disease that has brought 
 him here. This establishes what the French call an entente cordiale at once. 
 The bond of sympathy grows stronger daily. His story is not new. He 
 does not feel embarrassed. He visits the club and is received with open arms 
 by its members. There is no chaffing or vulgar " guying." He is surprised 
 at first to find so many gentlemen at Dwight. Later on he is more surprised 
 if he finds any one among his associates who is not a gentleman. There is an 
 esprit de corps among the physicians and the patients, and the seven, eight or 
 ten hundred men live together in perfect peace and harmony. 
 
 Taking the Remedy . — The remedy is taken every two hours. Patients 
 usually carry two two-ounce bottles. One of these contains a portion of the 
 remedy taken from the bottle supplied by the Institute which is too bulky 
 to carry around conveniently. The other is used as a "graduate," into 
 which is measured a teaspoonful of the medicine. The bottle is then filled 
 with water. This constitutes a dose and the dose is taken when due, no mat- 
 ter where the patient may happen to be at the time. The stranger in Dwight 
 will be surprised to see patients during the progress«of a club meeting, or a 
 church service, or on the street, or at a social gathering, raising these two- 
 ounce bottles to their mouths and swallowing their medicine, apparently 
 oblivious to the fact that they are in company, or utterly careless of it. They 
 are at Dwight for this purpose. It is the first thing to be considered . They 
 take their medicine regularly, no matter where they are. This is necessary to 
 their cure. 
 
 What the Treatment Does. — There is no claim by Dr. Keeley or any of his 
 patients, present or past, that his treatment will prevent drinking. It will 
 not drag a man out of a saloon by the heels. In many cases there is a positive 
 distaste for liquor. In others there is not. All that is claimed is that the 
 taste for alcohol is destroyed. The craving is gone. If, without any cravinr, 
 a man desires to contract the habit again, lie can do so, although in the 
 majority of cases repeated trials are necessary before the stomach will retain 
 a drink of whisky. The man is placed where he was before he learned to 
 drink. If he disregards the lesson of the past, and if the sorrow and misery 
 of his years of drunkenness have made no impression upon him, he can again 
 become a drunkard, but he can never again be enrolled among the list of Dr. 
 Keeley 's patients, for there is no use of curing a man who will Dot profit by 
 experience. In the case of 95 per cent, of the persons who leave Dwight, the 
 cure is permanent. The other 5 per cent, is made up chiefty, if not exclu- 
 sively, of fools who can not be taught, and of very young men who have not 
 suffered enough to learn the lesson that they can not play with fire without 
 being burned. The men and women composing the 95 ">er cent, have no 
 
380 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 more taste for liquor than for castor oil or kerosene, but they know that 
 they are in that condition solely through the treatment they have received 
 here in Dwight. 
 
 LIBRARIES. 
 
 The Libraries of Chicago are keeping pace with the growth of the city in 
 other directions. There are many very large and valuable private collections 
 which it would be useless to refer to here, for the reason that they are not 
 accessible to visitors or students. The leading clubs also have large libraries, 
 to which they are adding almost daily, which are open only to members. The 
 Public Library is treated of in Part II of this \\ ork. The Newberry Library 
 will be in the near future one of the greatest reference libraries in the country. 
 The Crerar Library, provided for by a bequest of the late John Crerar, will 
 become a reality within a short time. The various societies and associations of 
 the city have libraries, with collections vary ing in numbers from a few toseveral 
 thousand volumes. The university and college libraries are all large and are 
 growing. Following are the libraries, however, of most interest to visitors 
 and students: 
 
 Armour Mission Library. — Located in the Armour Mission, Thirty-third 
 and Butterfield sts. The library is growing rapidly. It is free to the public, 
 [See Armour Mission.] 
 
 Chicago Athenaeum Library. — Present location 44 and 54 Dearborn st. 
 [See Chicago Athenaeum.] Open week days from 8 a. m. to 9 p. m. Visitors 
 are welcome. 
 
 Chicago Branch of I. T. and M. Society Library. — The library of the Chi- 
 cago Branch of the later national Tract and Missionary Society is located at 
 26 and 28 College place. 
 
 Chicago Historical Society Library. — Located at 142 Dearborn ave., North 
 Side. President, Edward J. Mason; vice-presidents, Geo. W. Smith, A. C. 
 McClurg; secretary and librarian, John Moses. Open daily from 9 a. m. to 5 
 p. m. Take North Clark st. cable line. This is one of the most interesting 
 and at the same time one of the most neglected, and perhaps, generally speak- 
 ing, the least known of the important institutions that have grown up in Chicago. 
 
 Hyde Park Lyceum.— Located at 136 Fifty-third st., former town of 
 Hyde Park. This is a library and reading room, to which visitors are 
 invited. 
 
 Illinois Tract Society Library.— Located at 26-28 College pi. This library 
 and reading room is conducted by the Second Adventists. 
 
 Lincoln St. M. E. Free Library. — Located at South Lincoln and Ambrose 
 
 sts. 
 
 John Crerar Library, The.— This library, which at no very remote period 
 will be one of the grandest in Chicago, does not exist at present, but is pro- 
 vided for in the fiftieth clause of the will of the late John Crerar, a wealthy 
 merchant of Chicago (who died in 1890), which reads as follows : " Recog- 
 nizing the fact that I have been a resident of Chicago since 1862, and that 
 the greater part of my fortune has been accumulated here, and acknowledg- 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA 381 
 
 mg with hearty gratitude the kindness which has always been extended to 
 me by my many friends and by my business and social acquaintances 
 and associates, I give, devise and bequeath all the rest, remainder 
 and residue of my estate, both real and personal, for the erec- 
 tion, creation, maintenance a^j endowment of a free public library 
 to be called ' The John Crc>ar Library,' and to be located in thp 
 city of Chicago, Illinois ; a preference being given to the South Division of 
 the city, inasmuch as the Newberry library will be located in the North Divi- 
 sion. I direct that mv executors and trustees cause an act of incorporation 
 under the laws of Illinois to be procured to carry out the purposes of this 
 bequest, and I request that Norman Williams be made the first president 
 thereof , and that in addition to my executors and trustees the following 
 named friends of mine will act as the first board of directors in such corpora- 
 tion and aid and assist my executors and trustees therein, namely : Marshall 
 Field, E. W. Blatchford, T. B. Blackstone, Robert T. Lincoln, Henry W. 
 Bishop, Edward G. Mason, Albert Keep, Edson Keith, S.mon J. McPherson, 
 John M. Clark and George A. Armour, or their survivors. I desire the build- 
 ing to be lasteful, substantial and fire-proof, and that a sufficient fund be 
 reserved over and above the cost of its construction to provide, maintain and 
 support a library for all time. I desire the books and periodicals selected 
 with a view to create and sustain a»healthy moral and Christian sentiment in 
 the community, and that all nastiness and immorality be excluded. I do not 
 mean by this that there shall not be anything but hymn books and sermons, 
 but I mean that * * * and all skeptical trash and works of questionable 
 moral tone shall never be found in this library. I want its atmosphere that 
 of Christian refinement and its aim and object the building up of character, 
 and I rest content that the friends I have named will carry out my wishes in 
 these particulars." This bequest, it is estimated, willamountto about $2,000,- 
 000. 
 
 Newberry Library. — Temporarily located on the northwest corner of Oak 
 and State sts., North Side. Take North State street or North Clark street 
 car. The entire block bounded by Clark and Oak streets, Dearborn avenue 
 and Walton Place, is the site of the permanent building, now being erected. 
 It fronts south on Walton Place; and directly opposite is Washington 
 Square, an open public park. The building is three hundred feet long 
 and sixty feet wide, and one of the most attractive architectural structures 
 in the city. It has the capacity' of storing and using a million volumes. 
 The block measures about 67,000 feet, and only a portion of it will be covered 
 by the first structure. The three other fronts will be built upon in the 
 future when the growth of the library requires larger accommodations. The 
 location, known as the" Ogden Block," formerly contained one large wooden 
 mansion house, which after the great fire of 1871 was pointed out to visitors 
 as being the only building on the North Side which was saved from the 
 fire. 
 
 A Reference Library. — The Newberry Library circulates no books, 
 and is used only as a reference library, as is the Astor Library of New York, 
 the British Museum of London, the Bibliotheque Nationale of Paris, and 
 nearly all the great libraries of the world. Readers use books only in the 
 building, where the most ample accommodations will be furnished when the 
 building is completed. Limited accommodations are now provided for 
 
382 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 readers iii the temporary building. It is a public and free institution in the 
 largest sense. No introductions nor fees 'of any description are required, 
 and no inquiries are made as to the place of the reader's residence. Any visi- 
 tor from any quarter of the globe receives the same privileges and attentions 
 as the residents of Chicago. 
 
 Founder of the Library. — The founder of the institution was Mr. 
 Walter L. Newberry, one of the early settlers, on the North Side, and a 
 large owner of real estate. By his will he endowed it with property, largely 
 real estate, valued from two and a half to three million dollars, which is con- 
 stantlv increasing in value. 
 
 Present Collection. — As it is a new library, and as yet without a per- 
 manent build! ng, the interest attached to it pertains more to its future develop- 
 ment than to its present acquisition. The purchase of books begun about 
 four years ago in limited quantities. The collection now numbers about 80,- 
 000 volumes, and is chiefly in the line of scientific and scholarly works; 
 scarcely any attention has been given to what is termed popular reading, inas- 
 much as the Chicago Public Library freely supplies this class of literature. 
 The chief aim has been to procure works which other libraries do not supply. 
 Its department of bibliography is very full, and one of the best in the coun- 
 try. It has made a specialty of music, and has the scores of all the great 
 masters. Its collection of oratorios, operas and cantatas is very large; and 
 works on the history, theory and science of music, the biographies of musi- 
 cians and the history of musical instruments are quite complete. The 
 antiquities of music are very fully represented in a valuable library purchased 
 entire in Florence, Italy, in which is the first opera ever publicly performed, 
 and was printed in Florence in 1600. Mr. Theodore Thomas and Mr. Walter 
 Damrosch say this is the largest and most valuable musical library in the 
 country. 
 
 Recent Acquisitions. — Good progress has been made in procuring com- 
 plete sets of the rare and expensive scientific serials of Europe. Recently the 
 valuable private library of a gentleman in Cincinnati has been purchased, 
 who had been a zealous collector of the earliest editions of classical writers, of 
 Shakespeare, Dante, Petrarch and others, of the early printers before 1500, of 
 elegant illustrated works, and art-bindings from the time of Grolier to that 
 of Trantz-Bauzonnet and Bedford. When the new building is completed an 
 exhibition of art book binding can be made which will be most interesting. 
 
 The Trustees are E. W. Blatchford and Wm. H. Bradley, and the libra- 
 rian, Wm. F. Poole, L.D. 
 
 Pullman Public Library. — Located at 73 and 75 Arcade Building, Pull- 
 man. [See Pullman.] 
 
 Ravensioood Public Library. — Located at Commercial and Salger sts., 
 Ravenswood. [See Ravenswood.] 
 
 South Chicago Public Library. — Located in the Bowen School Building, 
 Ninety-third st. and Houston ave. 
 
 Union Catholic Library. — Located at 94 Dearborn st. Conducted by 
 the Catholic Library Association; founded in 1868. Present membership 
 350, number of volumes 2,500. Officers: Charles T. Mais, president; John E. 
 Murphy, vice-president; Frank H. Graham, recording secretary. The library 
 rooms are fitted up comfortably. There is seating capacity for almost four 
 hundred persons. The Association is constantly adding to the number of 
 volumes on the shelves of its library. Open from 12 m. to 6 p. m. Sundays 
 from 3 to 6 p. m. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA.. 383 
 
 Western New Church Library. — Located at 17 Van Buren st. Open 9 
 A. m. to 5 P. M. 
 
 Wheeler Library, — Located at 1113 Washington blvd., in Western Theo- 
 logical Seminary. 
 
 [For other libraries, see " Clubs," "Educational Institutions," etc.] 
 
 LIFE-SAVING STATIONS. 
 
 Chicago Life-Saving Station. — Northwest corner of the harbor, upon 
 Illinois Central railroad land. It occupies 40 by 75 feet. This station is 
 looked upon here and at Washington as being a disgrace to the service. Plans 
 are formed which will shortly give Chicago the finest life-saving station in the 
 world. The Superintendent of the Life-Saving Service is strongly in favor of 
 the improvement. Capt. T. St. Peter commanding. 
 
 Evanston Life- Saving Station. — Located on the lake shore of the suburb 
 of Evanston, on the Northwestern University grounds. The crew is com- 
 posed of students of the University, and is commanded by Captain Lawrence 
 O. Lawson, an experienced seaman. The crew consists of the following, the 
 classes from which they will graduate being indicated: Stroke, F. M Kindig, 
 '92; No. 2, E. B. Fowler, '93; No. 3, W. M. Ewing, '93; No. 4, J. A. Loin- 
 ing, '95; No. 5, W. L. Wilson, '92; No. 6, R. N. Holt, '93; No. 7. W. W. Wil- 
 kinson, '94. The average age of the members of the crew is twenty two years, 
 but they are all sturdy, muscular, well-formed and fearless young men. The 
 Evanston life-saving station has long been recogniz* d by the naval board as 
 one of the finest, best-drilled stations in the country. It has an enviable record, 
 having saved and assisted to shore over two hundred and forty-five human 
 beings, In 1889 the station did more work and saved more lives (or, as 
 modest Captain Lawson puts it, "assisted as-ln re more people") tban all the 
 twenty-two stations on the lakes accomplished in the two previous years, and 
 more lives were saved that year by the Evanston crew than any other station 
 in the country, except the one at Lewes, Del. The wonder and admiration 
 increases when the youth of the life-savers is considered and the fact known 
 that, excepting two who come from Chicago, all are from inland towns of the 
 West — Illinois, Michigan and Indiana. When not pursuing tbeir regular 
 course of studies at the University, these student life savers aie occupied in 
 drilling with the beach apparatus, with the lifeboat, and in patrolling the 
 beach. On Tuesday they drill with the boats; Wednesday is occupied in 
 practicing the international code of signals with flags ; Thursday the beach 
 apparatus, with its Lyle line gun, breeches buoy and tackle, is taken out; on 
 Friday the men go through the movements of resuscitation, or reviving per- 
 <^ns nearly drowned; Saturday is housecleaning day; Sunday, church;and 
 Monday, a day of rest. This is a regular U. S. Government station, the men 
 doing the same work and receiving the same salaries as the other lake stations. 
 
 LIGHTHOUSES. 
 
 _ Chicago Light.— Chicago light is located on the inner pier, north side of 
 Chicago river; was established in 1859; is a third order fixed white light 
 in a black skeleton iron tower; visible sixteen miles. This is the principal 
 one of seven lights maintained byjhe government as aids to navigation near 
 
384 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 the mouth of the Chicago river, The harbor here is the most important on 
 the lakes, with a greater average number of daily arrivals and departures 
 during the season of navigation than any other in the United States. This 
 city is in the ninth light-house district, with Commander Chailes E. Claik, 
 United States Navy, as inspector, and Major William Ludlow, of the Corps 
 of Engineers, United States Array, as engineer. The eleventh district for- 
 merly embraced the three great lakes — Michigan, Huron, and up to the 
 national line of Superior. The ninth is a division of the eleventh district. It 
 includes all aids to navigation on Lake Michigan; Green Bay and tributary 
 waters lying west of a line drawn across the Straits of Mackinac at the nar- 
 rowest part east of McGulpin's Point light station. Since the boundary of the 
 district was established a fog signal has been placed at Old Mackinac Point, 
 in the Straits, which is also included in the ninth district. 
 
 drib and Breakwater Lights. — There are two lights on the old breakwater, 
 both established in 1876; one of these, the south light, is a fifth order light, 
 and the north is a lens lantern. At the new breakwater there are three lights, 
 tubular lanterns, tended by two laborers. The light on the old north pier is 
 a sixth order light, and has a fog bell struck by machinery. Calumet light, 
 at South Chicago, is on the outer end of the pier north of Calumet river, 
 eleven miles southeast of Chicago breakwater. It is a fourth order light, red, 
 thirty-three feet above lake level, and is visible about twelve miles. It was 
 established in 1873. Formerly it was in a tower rising above a structure on 
 shore, but was in 1876 removed to its present quarters, which is fully a mile 
 out on the pier. A beacon light is established at the old Crib. This light- 
 house is provided and maintained by the city of Chicago. 
 
 Grosse Point Light. —The best light and light-house near Chicago is that 
 at Grosse Point, just north of Evanston. It was established in 1873, and as it 
 now stands complete has probably cost the Government more than $100,000, 
 in addition to the expense of maintenance. Grosse Point light is a second 
 order, fixed white coast light, varied by a red flash every three minutes, 
 the regularity of the flashes being controlled by clock-work. The "lantern" 
 is a prismatic lens, equaling in power 163 candles, and this feature of the 
 outfit alone cost $15,000. The tower, from the water's level to the center of 
 the lens, is 120 feet, being built of brick and hiving ninety-nine piles placed 
 beneath the stone foundation. 
 
 MILITARY. 
 
 In Chicago are located the headquarters of the Military Department of 
 the Missouri. The U. S. Military offices are located in the Pullman building, 
 southwest corner of Michigan ave. and Adams street, Lake Front. General 
 Philip H. Sheridan was for many years the Division Commander here. He 
 was followed by Genls. Schofield, Terry and Crooke. Gen. Nelson A. Miles 
 is now the commanding officer. The Department of the Missouri embraces 
 the States of Michigan, Wisconsin. Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas and 
 Arkansas, and Oklahoma and the Indian territories. 
 
 U. S. Officers in Chicago. — The following is a complete list of the 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 385 
 
 United States officers stationed in this city, together with their places of resi- 
 dence. 
 
 Maj. Gen. .Nelson A. Miles. . . 
 
 Capt. Eli L. Huygins 
 
 Capt. Marion P. Maus 
 
 Bvt. Brig. Gen. C. McKeever 
 
 Col. Edward M. Heyi 
 
 Capt. Jesse M . Lee 
 
 B\t. Lieut. Col. Edmund Rice 
 Bvt. Brier. Gen. J. D. Bingham 
 Bvt. Brig. Gen. M. R. Morgan 
 
 Col. Bernard J. D. Irsvin 
 
 Col. Wm. A. Rucker 
 
 Capt. Wm. L. Mai shall 
 
 Capt. Frank D.Baldwin 
 
 Maj. Gilbert C. Smith .. 
 
 Lieut. Col. Ely McClellan 
 
 Ma j or, George W. Candee 
 
 Lieut. Col.Thos.C. Sullivan... 
 
 Capt. Edward G. Mathey 
 
 Capt. Alfred Morton 
 
 U S. A 
 
 2dCav 
 
 1st Inf 
 
 A. G. Dept, 
 I. G. Dept 
 
 9th Inf 
 
 5th Inf 
 
 Q. M. Dept 
 Sub. Dept.. 
 Med. Dept. 
 Pay Dept. . 
 Corps Eng's 
 5th Inf... . 
 Q M. Dept. 
 Med. Dept. 
 Pay Dept . . 
 Sub. Dept.. 
 7th Cav.. .. 
 9th Inf 
 
 Commanding Dept. 
 
 Aide-de-camp 
 
 Aide-de-camp 
 
 As«t. Adjt. GeuT .. 
 Inspector GenT — 
 Asst. to Insp. Gen'l 
 Act'g Judge Adv . . 
 Chief Qr. Master . 
 Chief Com. of Sub. 
 Medical Director. 
 
 Chief Paymaster 
 
 Engineer Officer 
 
 I. S. A. Practice. .. 
 Asst. to C.Quar'm'r 
 Attending Surgeon. 
 
 Paymaster 
 
 Depot Com. Sub.. . 
 Recruiting Officer. . 
 RecruitiDg Officer . . 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 The Virginia. 
 The Virginia. 
 The Virginia 
 The Virginia. 
 10) Pine street. 
 430 N. Clark street. 
 120 Pine street. 
 410 Oak street. 
 68 Bellevue Place. 
 The Virginia. 
 The Virginia, 
 4138 Lake a ve. 
 430 N. State street. 
 483 "A" La Salle ave. 
 3 Tower Place, 
 136 Judson ave*. 
 
 4' 40 Vincennes ave. 
 760, 67th street. 
 
 * Evanston, Illinois. 
 
 Ft. Sheridan. — A United States military post, situated on the Milwaukee 
 Division of the Chicago & Northwestern railroad, twenty-five miles or about 
 one hour's ride from the city. Take train at Wells St. depot, Wells and Kin- 
 zie streets, North Side. The situation of the fort, on the north shore of Lake 
 Michigan, is very beautiful. During the labor troubles of 1887, and the riots 
 and disturbances of that year, the attention of the government was called to 
 the necessity of establishing a military post near Chicago, from which a suf- 
 ficient force might be summoned in case^of emergency, to assist in the main- 
 tenance of order, or in quelling unusual disturbances. The result of the 
 movement in Chicago was the purchase, by voluntary subscription, of a mag- 
 nificent tract of land, situated twenty-five miles north of the Court House, 
 quickly accessible by railroads and comprising 500 acres. The immediate 
 proximity of Lake Michigan as well as the topographical features of this tract 
 made it specially available for the permanent abode of a considerable military 
 force. This land was made a free gift to the National Government on condi- 
 tion that a permanent military post be established on it. The Government 
 accepted this proposition, and a provisional camp was almost immediately 
 erected, and two companies of the Sixth Infantry were stationed there. Since 
 then, numerous permanent buildings, officers' quarters, barracks, guardhouse, 
 mess houses, stables, etc., have been erected. 
 
 Fort Sheridan is commanded by Col. Robert E. A. Crofton, of the 15th In- 
 fantry. The troops stationed there at present are the 15th Regiment of Infantry 
 and Light Battery E, of the 1st Regiment of Artillery. The officers stationed at 
 the fort are as follows: Colonel R. E. A. Crofton, Lieut-Col. S. Ovenshine, 
 Major C. M. Bailey, 1st Lieut. J. A. Maney, r. qm., 1st Lieut. G. F. Cooke, adjt. 
 h'dqrs 15th inf.; Captain A. Capron, 1st. Lieut. A. Todd, 1st Lieut. J. L. Cham- 
 berlain, 2dLieut. J. L. Hayden, 2d Lieut. D. Skerrett, Light Battery E, 1st art.; 
 Captain H. R. Brinkerhofi, 1st Lieut. J. Cotter, 2d Lieut. W. H. Bertsch, 
 Co. A, 15th inf.; Captain E. S. Chapin, 1st Lieut. W. T. May, 2d Lieut. R, L. 
 Bush, Co. B. 15th inf.; Captain C. H. Conrad, 1st Lieut. E. Lloyd, 2d Lieut. 
 
386 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 H. J. Hunt, Co. C, 15th inf.; Captain W. D. Hartz, 1st Lieut. A. R. Paxton, 
 2d Lieut. H. J. Hirsch, Co. D, 15th inf.; Captain H. H. Humphrey. 
 1st Lieut. B. C. Welsh, 2d Lieut. M. Maxwell, Co. E, 15th inf.; Captain A. 
 Hedberg, 1st Lieut. S. S. Pague, 2d Lieut. H. L. Jackson, Co. F, 15th inf.; 
 Capiain G. A. Cornish, 1st Lieut. W. F. Blauvelt, 2d Lieut. J. Mitchell, Co. 
 G, 15;hinf.; Captain C. McKibbin, 1st Lieut. T. F. Davis, Co. H, 15th inf.; 
 Captain G. K. McGunnegJe, 1st Lieut. D. D. Mitchell, 2d Lieut. R C. 
 Williams, Co. I, 15th inf.; Captain S. R. Stafford, 1st Lieut. W. N. Blow, Jr., 
 Co. K, Major A. C. Girard, surgeon; 1st Lieut. C. F. Kieffer, assistant 
 surgeon; H. L. Haskin, Acting- Assistant Surgeon. 
 
 Captain Francis B. Jones, assistant quartermaster U. S. army, is in charge 
 of construction of public buildings at the post. When the new buildings are 
 all completed about 600 men will be permanently stationed at Fort Sheridan. 
 The work has progressed far enough to make the post worthy of a visit. 
 
 Bock Island Arsenal. — Take Chicago and Rock Island Railway. Located 
 on a beautiful island in the Mississippi river, midway in its course between 
 St. Louis and St. Paul, and set between the nourishing cities of Moline, Dav- 
 enport, and Rock Island, it commands a position which may be called strate- 
 getical in the facilities possessed for the rapid distribuiion of supplies. 
 
 For a quarter of a century the arsenal has been in a state of absolute peace. 
 The meager government appropriations have been chit fly expended in beau- 
 tifying the domain, in carrying out the chimerical or impracticable schemes 
 for utilizing the water power, or in erecting great rows of massive stone 
 buildings, which have never been put to their designed uses in the manufac- 
 ture of the implements of war. But the island has been a perpetual delight 
 in its free uses as a pleasure park. During the war theisland was used as a 
 military prison, and from 1863 to the close of the war upwards of 12,000 Con- 
 federate soldiers were confined there. Of that number 2,000 died and were 
 buried on the island, but no mound or stone marked the place where they 
 rest. The ground has all been leveled off, the very spot is well nigh lost, and 
 their lives have been merged into the indistinguishable woof of the eternal 
 life. Scrupulously cared for by a small detachment the great arsenal needs 
 only the encouragement of liberal appropriation and the incentive of military 
 necessity to start into vigorous life and make it the depot for an enormous 
 traffic in the production of arms and accoutrements for an army in the field. 
 
 Illinois National Guard. — The report of Adjutant-General Jasper N. 
 Reece, for 1891, to the Secretary of War, shows the aggregate strength of the 
 Illinois National Guard to be "4, 389, officers and enlisted men, armed and 
 quipped for active service with the same rifles and accoutrements as the 
 regular establishment. The military force of the State is in a satisfactory 
 state of discipline and efficiency, and will be found competent to successfully 
 compete with any emergency that may arise. The adoption of the new 
 system of drill regulations for the regular army and the militia of the 
 tlnited States has made it necessary for all officers and men to again enter 
 the ABC class of military instruction; but the energetic, voluntary appli- 
 cation of the members of the military force of the State to master the lessons 
 thus prescribed by the commander-in-chief will soon make the new drill 
 regulations as familiar to our companies and regiments as was " Upton" in 
 its time. Thelllinois National Guard is now the holder of the celebrated 
 Washburn trophy, which was won after a most exciting and close contest, in 
 1891, by the following score: Illinois, 2,677; Wisconsin, 2,669; Minnesota, 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 387 
 
 2 r 582, and Iowa, 2,538. This trophy will be contested for again this year. 
 The Governor of the State is commander-in-chief of the Illinois National 
 Guard under the law. Brigadier-General Jasper N. Reece, is adjutant- 
 general, and ex-officio quartermaster-general, commissary-general, chief of 
 ordnance and chief of staff. Brigadier-General Charles Fitz Simons com- 
 mands the First brigade, with headquarters at room 910 Pullman building, 
 The First infantry (Colonel Charles R. E. Koch, commanding) is located in its 
 magnificent armory, corner Michigan boulevard and Sixteenth street The 
 Second infantry (Colonel Louis S. Judd, commanding) has two battalions on 
 Washington boulevard, West Side, and one battalion in the armory, 135 
 Michigan avenue. Battery D (four 12-lb. Napoleons and four rapid firing 
 Ga'tling guns), Captain E. P. Tobey, commanding, is located in its armory 
 on the Lake front. Cavalry Troop A, Captain Paul B. Lino, commanding, 
 is quartered in the Second infantry armory, 135 Michigan avenue; and 
 Company C, Third infantry, Captain Thomas Ford, commanding, have their 
 ho ne with Battery D. Colonel Wm. S. Brackett, inspector-general, 
 Jefferson Hodgkin, William H. Rose, E. S. Weeden and Charles P. Bryan, 
 aids-de-camp on the Governor's staff, all reside in Chicago. 
 
 A board of officers has been created to inaugurate and carry to a success- 
 ful conclusion an inter-national rifle competition during the progresi of the 
 World's Columbian Exposition, 1893. 
 
 First Brigade, General and Staff. — Headquarters Pullman building, 
 cor. Michigan avenue and Adams street.; Brigadier-General Charles Fitz 
 Simons, commanding; Ass't Adj't General, Lieut. Col. Henry B. Maxwell ; 
 Ass't Inspector General, Lieut. Col. F. Ziegfeld; Judge Advocate, Lieut. Col. 
 Farlin Q. Ball; Inspector Rifle Practice, Lieut. Col. E. A. Potter; Surgeon, 
 Major John W. Streeter; Quartermaster, Capt. Horace Tucker; Adjt. Com- 
 missary Subsistence, Capt. Edward T. Glennon; Aides, Lieut Geo. T. Love- 
 joy, F. O. Bartlett. 
 
 First Regiment I. N. (3.— Organized in August, 1874. At the first 
 meeting held in behalf of the undertaking forty-eight men enrolled them- 
 selves. In January, 1875, having grown into seven companies, the regiment 
 took quarters on Lake street, adopted its uniform — the same it wears to-day — 
 and received its equipment of arms from Springfield . In February of that year 
 the regiment was assembled and bivouacked in the armory during the Relief and 
 Aid Society riotous demonstration. On May 13th it made its first public appear- 
 ance with 520 men in line. Since that day its popularity has never waned. In 
 1877, during the railroad riots, the regiment twice dispersed mobs at the point 
 of the bayonet without firing a shot. In 1878 the First removed to itsarmory ou 
 Jackson street. During the riots of November, 1886, at the Union Stock 
 yards and other points in the city the regiment was called into service to 
 quell disorder. Siuce then its history has been one of peace and continued 
 prosperity. The enrollment at present is 650 men. Upon the rolls of the 
 regiment is no small number of names which have won renown on bloody 
 fields. Among its past commanders are: Gen. Alexander C. McClurg, Col. 
 George R. Davis, Col. Edgar D. Swain, Gen. Charles Fitz Simons, and the 
 late Col. Edward B. Knox, who, after exemplifying his patriotism on the 
 battle-fields of Gettysburg and Spottsylvania, and after having lived the life 
 of a pure, upright man of peace, rests, his warfare over forever. Charles R. E. 
 
388 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Koch, the present colonel commanding the First, is in appearance the essence 
 of chivalry and soldiership. Like his predecessors, he is a war veteran, and, 
 aided by his experience, makes the best of officers. In the business conduct 
 of* the regiment he is untiring and successful. Behind him, loyal, devoted 
 and enthusiastic, the First stands a solid unit. Henry Lathrop Turner, lieu- 
 teuant-colonel, saw service during the war before Richmond, at Fair Oats, 
 Fort Fisner, and elsewhere, as a first lieutenant, regimental adjutant, and as 
 aid-de-camp on a brigade staff. In peace he has achieved some prominence 
 as a writer. He has been president of the real-estate board and is a trustee of 
 Oberlin College, the institution from which he graduated. Maj. Taylor E. 
 Brown rendered valuable aid in the collection of the new armory fund. Maj. 
 Charles Adams, of the Cook County Hospital, is regimental surgeon. Capt. 
 Chas. G. Fuller is regimental surgeon. Capt. Henry Sherry, a well-known 
 M. D., assistant surgeon. Capt. W. L. DeRemer, adjutant, is a crack shot. 
 Capt. Charles G. Bolte, inspector of rifle practice, a Canadian by birth, is a 
 faithful officer. The First regiment, with its membership drawn from the 
 best young manhood of Chicago, with its enterprise and its success, is a credit 
 to the city and deserves the good words and support of citizens. Its colors 
 are not emblazoned with the record of battles won and campaigns endured. 
 Scarcely any military body of the world to-day in its personnel can boast of 
 much service. When duty has called, the First has been ready and has re- 
 sponded. The possibilities of military usefulness the regiment can claim, 
 the elements of good citizenship, patriotism, soldiery training need but cir- 
 cumstances demanding action to make for it a record of heroism. 
 
 Field and Staff Officers. — Colonel, Chas. R. E. Koch; Lieut. -colonel, 
 Henry L. Turner; majors, Taylor E. Brown, Elliott Durand, Joseph B. San- 
 born; surgeon, Major Chas. G. Fuller; Asst. surgeon, Capt. Henry Sherry; 
 adjutant, Capt. W. L. DeRemer; quartermaster, First Lieut. A. L. Bell; 
 inspector rifle practice, Capt Chas. G. Bolte; chaplain, Rev. H. W. Thomas; 
 Co. A, Capt. Benj. F. Patrick, Jr.; Co. B, Capt. Edward R. Gilman; Co. C, 
 Capt. Geo. W. Ford; Co. D, Capt. J, H. Barnett; Co. E, Capt. Wm. F. 
 Knoch; Co. F, Capt. J. H. Eddy; Co. G, Capt. Geo. W. Bristol; Co. H, 
 Capt. Edward C. Younsr; Co. I, Capt. F. W. Chenoweth; Co. K, Lieut. 
 Henry J. Moore commanding; Co. L, Capt. Edgar B. Tolman; Co. M, Capt. 
 Edward H. Switzer. 
 
 Standing and Personnel of the Regiment. — The First Regiment is composed 
 principally of young men who have a taste for military duties and a love of 
 military discipline. They represent, in many instances, the oldest and best 
 families of Chicago. In a city like Chicago there is no distinctive " leisure 
 class." Everybody is employed in some department of life. The unem- 
 ployed are the exception, particularly the voluntarily unemployed. No man 
 is so rich that he does not feel the necessity of making provision for his sons, 
 beyond that which is stipulated in his will. The changes of fortune are 
 too frequent and too sudden not to impress the wealthiest with ihe fact; 
 that wealth is fleeting in this city. Hence the foreign visitor will be 
 compelled to make a distinction here which he is apt to overlook in 
 his own country. No estate is protected by the law of entailment, 
 and the heir of a millionaire may be compelled some time in life to 
 step into one of the professions or into a mercantile pursuit, to insure 
 a respsct ible living. It is well for him if he have the talent and the 
 training that will qualify him for either. So when "best families" arc 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 389 
 
 i 
 
 spoken of, families of respectability are meant, not families of wealth. 
 Tiie First Regiment is composed of young men, then, who represent families 
 of respectability, and who are, generally speaking, regarded as respectable 
 themselves. From a society point of view the First Regiment stands high. 
 From a military point of view the regiment is regarded as one of the best 
 in the country. It has been put to severe tests at times, and has never yet 
 acquitted itself discreditably. It must be remembered that a sense of honor 
 alone holds the regiment together in times of public tumult. 
 
 New Armory. — Located at the northeast corner of Sixteenth street and 
 Michigan avenue. Take Wabash avenue cable line. First occupied bv the 
 Regiment, Sept. 17, 1891, in celebration of the seventh anniversary of the 
 completion of the Regimental organization. It is perhaps the most mas- 
 sive structure in Chicago. Heavy stone work rises on each of the four 
 sides to the height of thirty-five feet, and is unbroken save by the warlike 
 sally port, through which an army might march in company front. This 
 great doorway is in feeling with the strength and beauty of the whole. An 
 arch in form, it spreads at the base forty feet and supports a keystone thirty- 
 five feet above the sidewalk. The massive oak and steel portcullis, suggesting 
 memories of a mediseval fortress, rests back of the embrasures in the thick- 
 ness of the walls, protected by firing slots on both sides. Above the 
 stonework the walls are built into battlements, and four turrets at the corners. 
 Consonant with the design of the armory the windows are narrow and 
 strengthened by steel and iron, being but well-guarded ports for riflemen. 
 An enfilading fire can be directed throughout the force of each of the four 
 sides of the structure, and a force entering the armory for refuge need fear 
 nothing smaller than heavy artillery. 
 
 The architects, Burnham& Root, have also achieved a notable success in 
 the interior arrangements. The space covered by the building, one hundred 
 and sixty-four by one hundred and seventy-four feet gave room* for a very 
 large drill hall on the first -floor. It is surrounded by galleries for visitors 
 and contains the stairways reaching to the second floor, where are the 
 quarters of the field and staff, with separate and well arranged apartments 
 for the colonel, lieutenant-colonel, adjutant and their orderlies, for the 
 majors, quartermasters and orderlies, the surgeons and orderlies and the 
 chaplain. Opening on the wide gallery are the company quarters and above 
 the squad drill rooms. There is also a banquet hall, thirty by fifty feet, at 
 the west end of the building, and on the third floor quarters for non- 
 commissioned officers and orderlies attached to special service, a vetrans' 
 room, a gymnasium and a drum corps' room. Everything is in brick, stone, 
 heavy dark oak and iron. 
 
 The armory, which is the best building of the kind in the United States, 
 was built largely by subscription, and will be cared for by a board of trustees, 
 consisting of A. G Van Schaick, president; Colonel C. R. E. Koch, vice- 
 president; C. L. Hutchinson, treasurer; Lieutenant-colonel Henry L. 
 Turner, secretary; J. J. Mitchell, Lieutenant A. L. Bell and H. H. Kohlsaat. 
 Marshall Field, with his usual princely generosity, gave the regiment a 
 ninety-nine years' lease of the ground the building stands on at a mere 
 nominal rental. The gift amounts to fully half a million dollars. 
 
 Battery D, First Artillery. — Armory located at present on Michigan 
 avenue, north of Exposition Building. Captain, E. P. Tobey; First Lieut., 
 F. S. Allen; Second, Alfred Russell; Junior Second Lieutenant, Wm, M. 
 Austin. 
 
390 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Second Regiment I.N. G. — This regiment was oganized in 1875. Armories 
 located at Washington boulevard and Curtis street, and 135 Michigan avenue. 
 This regiment was originally composed of ten companies, and its first colo- 
 nel was James Quirk. A few years later, owing to the reduction of the 
 militia by the legislature, the Second was consolidated with the Sixth bat- 
 talion, and the colonelcy was contested by the commandants of the respect- 
 ive organizations, Col. Quirk, of the old Second, and Col. W. H. Thompson, 
 of the Sixth, and, after a spirited campaign, the honor fell to Col. Thomp- 
 son. The regiment under Col. Thompson had varying fortunes. In 1884 he 
 resigned, and Col. Harris A. Wheeler was electedto the command. From 
 this important period in its history the success of the regiment dates. Col. 
 Wheeler may well be called the "Father of the Second." He revived its 
 drooping spirits, new recruits were brought in, and the personnel oi ;he 
 command improved; but the work of bringing order out of chaos was tre- 
 mendous, and onlv the old-timers of the Second can appreciate the value and 
 amount of work that was done by " the grand old man." Hampered by a 
 miserable barracks, the regiment had dwindled down in numbers, and, poorly 
 uniformed, it is a wonder that it lived at all. But the men and officers were 
 made of the ria:ht stuff, and the small glimmer of hope that had led them on 
 burst into the flame of realization and success. The first important work of 
 Col Wheeler was the establishment of the regiment in its present home at 
 Washington boulevard and Curtis street, where the command, after its wan- 
 derings, found a permanent abiding place. Following is the full roster of 
 officers according to rank, with date of commission: 
 
 FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. 
 
 
 Co. 
 
 Date Com. 
 
 
 / 
 Co. 
 
 L 
 
 Date Com. 
 
 Colonel— 
 
 
 Ellsworth G. Bowen. 
 
 July 6, 1891 
 
 Louis S. Judd 
 
 
 July 10,1890 
 
 Milo B. Lehman 
 
 F 
 
 July 7, 1891 
 
 Lieut. Colonel— 
 
 
 
 Wm. T. Bogg 
 
 A 
 
 Oct. 14, 1891 
 
 Wm. D. Hotchkiss . . . 
 
 
 July 10, 1890 
 
 First Lieutenants- 
 
 
 
 Majors— 
 
 
 
 John T. McCormick. 
 
 K 
 
 March 10, 1890 
 
 
 
 Feb. 1, 1890 
 Aug. 14, 1890 
 
 Edward E. Allen . ... 
 Benj.E. Mendelsohn. 
 
 M 
 G 
 
 April 14, 1890 
 
 Chas. P. Wright 
 
 May 6, 1890 
 
 Jame3 E. Stuart 
 
 
 Nov. 13,1890 
 
 Geo. I. Meehan — 
 
 B 
 
 Sept. 3, 1891) 
 
 Captain and Adjutant- 
 
 
 
 Francis W. Bell 
 
 H 
 
 Sept. 9, 1890 
 
 George C. Gobet 
 
 
 July 20,1890 
 
 Reuben D. Coy 
 
 John Mcintosh .... 
 
 C 
 
 June 17, 1891 
 
 1st Lieut, and Quarter- 
 
 
 
 F 
 
 July 7, lfc91 
 
 master — 
 
 
 
 Elbert BEddy 
 
 L 
 
 July 6, im 
 
 Fred W. Laas 
 
 
 Dec. 3, 1891 
 
 Benj. G. Bowen 
 
 D 
 
 Sept. 29,1891 
 
 Major and Surgeon— 
 Chas. P. Perkins .... 
 
 
 
 Philip Samuel 
 
 A 
 
 Oct. 14, 1891 
 
 
 July 20, 1890 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Capt. and Asst. Surg.— 
 Clarence W. Leigh. 
 
 
 
 
 HI 
 
 
 
 July 20,1890 
 
 Second Lieutenants- 
 
 
 
 Capr. and Chaplain— 
 
 
 
 Cornelius P. Hayes 
 
 G 
 
 July 22,1890 
 
 Rt.Rev.Sam. Fallows. 
 
 
 Oct. 20,1890 
 
 Alex. J. Wagner — 
 
 1 
 
 Sept. 1, 1690 
 
 Capt j ins— 
 
 
 
 Thos. J. Mair 
 
 B 
 
 Sept. 3, 1890 
 
 Wm. E. Hoinville . . . 
 
 T 
 
 Oct. 9, 1887 
 
 Jimes J. Butler — 
 
 1) 
 
 Nov. 12, 1890 
 
 Wm. P. Dus nberry. . 
 
 E 
 
 Feb. 10, 1890 
 
 Harvey A.Wright. . 
 
 L 
 
 April 13,1891 
 
 Edward J.Remick 
 
 K 
 
 Mar. 1(1,189.) 
 
 Martin Clasby 
 
 F 
 
 July 7, 1891 
 
 Wm. B.Alexander... 
 
 M 
 
 Apr. 14, 1890 
 
 Fred D. Shiras 
 
 C 
 
 July IK, 1891 
 
 Willis McFeely. 
 
 G 
 
 July 22, 1890 
 
 Geo. Greenburg 
 
 K 
 
 Jan. ]S, !892 
 
 John H. Ing'aham. .. 
 
 B 
 
 July 23, 189i 
 
 John J. Garrity 
 
 H 
 
 Oct. 13, 1891 
 
 .Mmer H. Wells 
 
 H 
 
 Sept. 9, 1890 
 
 
 K 
 
 
 Wm.A.Chadwick. . 
 
 D 
 
 Nov. 12, 1890 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 Wm.T. Harden brook. 
 
 C 
 
 Jan. 14, 1891 
 
 Clarence H . Shaw. . . 
 
 A 
 
 Oct. 14, 1891 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 301 
 
 Dr. Florence Ziegfeld was elected to succeed Col. Wheeler February 1, 
 1890. Col. Ziegfeld remained but a short time, being succeeded by the 
 lieutenant colonel, Louis S. Judd. With the election of Louis S. Judd to the 
 colonelcy the regiment entered into a new era of prosperity. After the regi- 
 ment had lost such a signally successful leader as Col. Wheeler, much specu- 
 lation was rife as to the fate of his successor; but uncertainty gave way to 
 certainty when the selection of Col. Judd was announced. His career of 
 seven years as a line officer was a guarantee that the regiment had once again 
 gotten a leader worthy of the position. Col. Judd has a long and honorable 
 record in the State service, and his promotion is a just tribute to his services. 
 He was one of the organizers of the National Guard Officers' Association, 
 which has worked many benefits to the Guard. One of the colonel's best 
 points is his thorough mastery of details, which fact is making itself felt in 
 the closer organization of the regiment and the improvements that are being 
 made in the armory. The comfort and convenience of the command seems 
 to be his constant care. The colonel has surrounded himself with a com- 
 petent staff, which is made up of men who have proved their efficiency in the 
 service of the State and their loyalty in the service of the regiment. 
 
 The regiment is thoroughly equipped, having both fatigue and regula- 
 tion dress uniforms. With a membership of 950 it is the largest command in 
 the West, and is in every sense of the word a first-class national guard organ- 
 ization. Chicago should feel proud of it, as it is an example of the pluck and 
 energy of vigorous and patriotic American manhood. 
 
 Second Regiment Band. — This splendid organization numbers ninety 
 pieces, including field music (the drum, fife and bugle corps). Band-master 
 Fred Weldon is the moving spirit, and the high artistic standing of the band 
 is due to his efforts and ability. Mr. Weldon has brought out some notable 
 compositions of his own, his march numbers being particularly fine, thus 
 securing to his organization original music, and not played by any other band 
 in the country. Two different sets of dress uniforms guarantee a presentable 
 appearance. 
 
 Cavalry Troop A. — Only troop of Cavalry belonging to Illinois National 
 Guard. Organized June 3,1891. Headquarters 135 Michigan avenue, num- 
 bers 63 men. Each man in this company owns his own horse. Officers as 
 follows: Capt. Paul B. Lino; first lieut., Geo. C. Lenke; second lieut., 
 Frederick Boyer; first sergeant, Thos. Palmer; second sergeant, B. Gruman; 
 third sergeant, Geo. Smith; fourth sergeant, Frederick Boltz; fiflh sergeant, 
 Cnas. Peters; quartermaster sergeant, S. Silverman; Commissary, Otta Dietrich; 
 Corporal, Steve Ackei man; second corporal, Chas. Maager; thiid corporal, 
 Geo. Frantzen; fourth corporal, Cbas. W. Knil; Farrier, Frank L. Lade; 
 Saddler, Harry Goodison. 
 
 Other Military Organizations.— It is estimated that there are 50,000 thor- 
 oughly drilled men in Chicago, outside of the regular organizations, who, 
 in an emergency would be qualified to take the field as trained soldiers. These 
 are principally members of the military department of the Masonic, Odd Fel- 
 lows and Knights of Pythias orders. Reference to these organizations, how- 
 ever, is made under the head of secret societies. 
 
 Chicago Hussaus. — A new military organization that has made remark- 
 able progress. Two years ago the company was practically unknown, but by 
 the judicious management of its officers it now appears before the people as 
 
392 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 one of the finest private military organizations in the country After con- 
 sidering many offers of ground for the erection of their new armory, Edwin 
 L. Brand, commander of the company, has purchased a site on Thirty -fifth 
 street, near Cottage Grove ave. The lot is 100x230 feet, which space will be 
 entirely covered by the buildings. The club house will be the finest of its kind 
 in the world, and will be a combination of a club house, armory, riding school, 
 and stables. In addition to the regular drills there will be riding classes 
 formed. The members will be taught the regular methods of military riding, 
 saber exercise, and fencing by a corps of competent instructors. At present 
 there are forty-one members of the company, each one of whom is the pos- 
 sessor of a handsome horse. The members say that by the time the world's 
 fair opens each will have chargers of uniform coal black. This company 
 has received the appointment by the Director General to the position as spe- 
 cial Guard of Honor to himself and the National Commission, and will be 
 detailed by the Director General for special escort duty during the continu- 
 ance of the Columbian Exposition. Following are the officers: Captain, 
 Edwin L. Brand; 1st. Lieut., M. L. C. Funkhouser; 2d. Lieut., Joseph B. 
 Keene. Staff: Adjt., Geo. M. Barbour; Inspector, P. R. McLeod; Judge 
 Advocate, A. Fougner; Qr. Master, Charles Ktrn; Surg., Stewart Johnstone, 
 M. D. 
 
 Chicago Zouaves. — Thos. J. Ford, Capt. The leading Zouave company of 
 the country, having met and defeated all the other crack Zouave companies in 
 the United States in competitive prize drills. This company was first organ- 
 ized as company I of the old Second Regiment by their present captain on 
 Dec. 3d, 1877. Their last parade as a company of the Second occurring on 
 Decoration Day of 1881, immediately after which time they disbanded and 
 reorganized under the above name, making their first appearance in their 
 handsome new uniforms on Decoration Day, 1882. It was prophesied then 
 that Chicago had a company of Zouaves that would in the near future fill the 
 vacancy caused by the disappearance of the once noted Ellsworth Zouaves. 
 Capt. Ford thinks'that his company can rightfully claim the honor of being 
 the champion Zouave company of the country. 
 
 Cook's Chicago Lancers. — A new company of cavalry organized about a 
 year since; over 100 men are included in the two companies which comprise 
 the battalion. Application has been made for admission to the Illinois 
 National Guard. 
 
 Ellsworth's Chicago Zouaves— The famous Ellsworth Zouaves of Chi- 
 cago were the successors of the National Guard Cadets, organized in 1856; 
 when on the point of dissolution, Col. Ellsworth re-organized the company 
 (May, 1858) under the name of United States Zouave Cadets. In 1860 the Zou- 
 aves, who came to be known as Ellsworth's, made a tour of the country, and 
 was pronounced the finest military oompany in the country. The Zouaves 
 went out of existence shortly after the outbreak of the rebellion, when its 
 members became scattered. Ellsworth was killed on May 24, 1861, by J. W. 
 Jackson, the proprietor of the Marshall House at Alexandria, Va. Jackson 
 attempted to kill Sergeant Brownell, whom Ellsworth had stationed in one of 
 the corridors of the hotel while he went up in the observatory to find the location 
 of the railroad depot. Ellsworth took from the flagstaff a confederate flag that 
 was flying. While he was in the observatory Jackson and Brownell became 
 engaged in an altercation. Jackson raised a shotgun to fire at Brownell. 
 The latter knocked up the barrel, the gun was discharged and Ellsworth, 
 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 393 
 
 who was coming down-stairs at the time, received the shot. He was not only 
 a brilliant organizer, but a brave man, and he would have left the mark of 
 his achievements 0*1 history's page if he had lived. 
 
 Evanston Zouaves. — A military organization of the suburb of Evanston, 
 composed of young boys of good families, their age running from 13 to 17 
 years. It is an independent, self-supporting military company. Organized 
 in 1886 as the " Evanston Cadets," and were connected with the junior gym- 
 nasium class of the iToung Men's Christian Association. Upton's tactics was 
 their text-book, and they were thoroughly instructed in the regulation manual 
 of arms and school of the company. After a few months of hard work their 
 drill-master moved from the village, and through the influence of Mr. John 
 H. Nolan, whose son Julien was captain of the company, the cadets wtre lor 
 lunate enough to secure the attention and services of C*pt. T. J.Ford of 
 the crack Chicago zouaves. He naturally transformed the cadets into zouaves 
 and the Evanston zouaves became the name of the organization. 
 
 Their first public appearance was made in Chicago in the fall of '87, 
 when they participated in the great Cleveland street parade as portepes of 
 1 he Chicago zouaves. The little shavers on that occasion won tremendous 
 applause from the crowds of spectators, not alone on account of their tender 
 years, but because of their wonderful steadiness in marching and amazing 
 skill in duplicating the intricate movements of the older zouave company. 
 Since then they have given frequent exhibitions for charitable and religious 
 purposes. The zouaves muster about thirty-six strong, and are commanded 
 by the following officers: Captain Chas. S. Marshall; lieutenant A. H. Par- 
 ker, Jr.; second lieutenant, Eugene A. Con key; first sergeant, Tracy Clark; 
 second sergeant, Joseph Pierson, and quartermaster, Frank W. Howland. 
 
 The company's armory is in Lyon's hall on Davis street, and it holds 
 regular weekly drills on Wednesday nights. 
 
 Veteran Societies. — Chicago Association of Union Ex-Prisoners of 
 War — Meets third Mondays at Grand Pacitic. President, D. W. Howe; secre- 
 tary and treasurer F. A. Cleveland, Normal Park. Chicago Board of 
 Trade Battery Memorial Association — Meets at Armory, 1st Cavalry 
 Regiment. President, C. I. Dwight; secretary, H. B. Chandler; treasuier, 
 John B. Hall. Chicago Mercantile Battery Veteran Association — 
 Officers: J. J. Hamblin, president; George Kretsinger, secretary; R. Powell, 
 treasurer — Meets at 4 Lake street. Chicago Union Veteran Club — Meets 
 second Mondays at Grand Pacific. President, Color el Thompson ; vice-presi- 
 dent, A. J. Miksch; secretary, John C. Barker, 62 N. Clark. Danish Veteran 
 Society — Meets second and fourth Fridays at 432 Milwaukee ave. Presi- 
 dent, J. Z. Alstrup; secretary, Vigga A. Danielson; treasurer, L. M. Hcff- 
 enblad. Eighty-second Illinois Veteran Society — Meets first Sundays 
 at SiaatsZeitung Bldg. President, J. Bans; treasurer, C. Bock; secretary, A. 
 Henchel. Mexican War Veterans Meets fourth Sundays at Grand Pacitic 
 Hotel. President, P. T. Turnley; vice-president, W. M. Coulter; secretary, 
 George A. Corgan; treasurer, D. L. Juergens. McClellan Veteran Club. 
 Room 14, 40 Dearborn street. Open daily. President, W. C. Newt-eny; 
 secretary, H. F. Jones; treasurer, D. E. Root. Nineteenth Illinois Vet- 
 eran Club — Meets second Sundays, 2:30 p.m., at 104 Randolph street, 
 second floor. President, Jas. Bhomfield; secretary, J. GafTney; treasurer, 
 D. F. Bremner. Taylor's Battery Veteran Association — Meets at call 
 
394 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 of secretary. President, 8, E. Barrett; treasurer, W. H. Dudley; seer* taiy, 
 
 C. W. Pierce, 164 La Salle street. Twenty-fourth Illinois Veteran 
 Society — first Sundays at 2 p. m., 171 N. Clark street. President, L Mat- 
 tern; corresponding secretary, A. Wehrle; financial secretary, Emil Hoffman; 
 treasurer, A. Georg. Veteran Union League, 304 Dearborn street, rooms 
 third floor. Open daily. Regular meetings first Wednesdays. President, 
 
 D. Harry Hammer; treasurer, J. Gross; secretary, W. E. Winholtz. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 
 
 Abstracts of Titles.— The compilations and abridged evidences of owner- 
 ship of land peculiar to the State of Illinois with the encumbrances, lieus, 
 clouds or defects in the titles to real estate as these appear of record, are 
 commonly known as " Abstracts of Title" in the Western States. The first 
 to enter into the business of making abstracts of title in Chicago was James 
 H. Rees, who, as far back as 1836, was "Surveyor of the town of Chicago." 
 He inaugurated the present system about the year 1849 in conjunction with 
 Edward A. Rucker, an attorney-at-law, whose brother, Henry L., was an 
 alderman of that day. The firm of Rees & Rucker was changed to Rees & 
 Chaseiin 1852; Mr. Rees taking into partnership Mr. Samuel B. Chase, the 
 "working clerk" of the old firm, who soon after associated himself with his 
 brothers, Horace G. and Charles C. Chase. They carried on the business, 
 Mr. Rees retiring from the concern, under the name of Chase Bros, up to the 
 time of the great fire of 1871. A new set of "Tract Indices." as these books 
 are now called, was opened by Hasbrook Davis and J. Mason Parker, in 
 1852. They made but few abstracts, however, as they soon sold their books 
 to Thos. B. Bryan, who again sold a half -interest to John Borden. Bryan & 
 Borden leased their books to Wm. W. Page, John G. Shortall and Henry H. 
 Handy, but subsequently, in 1856, sold them to Greenebaum & Guthman.who 
 continued the business under their name until the books were finally sold to 
 John G. Shortall and John N. Staples, who made abstracts under the firm 
 name of John G. Shortall & Co. until Mr. Shortall associated himself with 
 Louis D. Hoard, the then ex recorder of Cook county, when the firm became 
 Shortall & Hoard, which continued up to within about a month of the fire, 
 when the books were leased to Henry H. Handy & Francis Pasdeloup. 
 Another set of books had in the meantime been started by Fernando Jones & 
 Co., which firm made abstracts until it changed to Jones & Sellers, with Mr. 
 Alfred H. Sellers as active manager until the tire. There were also a number 
 of persons engaged in making abstracts before the fire who neither owned 
 tract books nor used those belonging to other firms, but who worked from 
 ihe general indices in the public offices. One of the most reliable experts of 
 this class was A. F. C. Mueller, who made many abstracts and who afterward 
 associated himself with Uriah R. Hawley, a lawyer (whilom clerk of the 
 Courtof Common Pleas, now the Superior Court), under thename of Mueller & 
 Hawley. Their work was all done by themselves personally and enjoyed full 
 confidence although they made all their searches directly from the records by 
 meansof thegeneral public indices of that day. Mr. Mueller made no abstracts 
 after the fiie. Mr. Hawley died many years ago while filling a very responsi- 
 able position in the Chicago Postoffice. 
 
 A. D. Wilmanns, for a number of years, up to about the close of the war, 
 made abstracts by means of the public indices until he obtained privileges 
 from Chase Bros, for the use of their books. He afterwards became 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 395 
 
 associated with Francis Pasdeloup. Wilmanns & Pasdeloup continued for 
 some years, using the books of Shonail & Hoard up to September 1, 1871, 
 when Mr. Pasdeloup withdrew and formed a partnership with Hemy H. 
 Handy, as Handy & Pasdeloup, who secured a lease of the books of Shortall 
 & Hoard; which lease, however, was allowed to be abrogated by thegreatfire. 
 All of these parties made abstracts which are to this day current in the 
 market. There were, before the fire, a few other persons, employes of the 
 Recorder's office, who made abstiacts of title in their overtime from the 
 records direct. Wm. H. Haase, who called himself a conveyancer, and 
 Charles Drandroff, employed in the real estate department of the banking 
 house of F. A. Hoffman, and later a firm, Alexander Dixon & Co., made 
 some few abstracts, which, however, in their day failed to inspire confidence 
 among professional examiners or the public. The great fire of 1871 played 
 havoc with the business of abstract making. All the records were destroyed 
 and the sets of indices owned by the private firms, but only partly saved, were 
 the only salvation. Each of the firms at first endeavored to continue business 
 on their own account. Neither of them, however, had saved enough of their 
 private books, and so it became a necessity to form a combination to make up 
 a full set. The public generally, unaware of the true condition of things at 
 the time, made quite a stir against what many at first believed to be a mere 
 trick to form a dangerous monopoly, but the pool of books was made and 
 they were then leased to Handy, Simmons & Co., over whose signature 
 abstracts were then issued. The successors of this firm afterward became 
 Handy & Co., who have since merged in "The Title Guarantee and Trust 
 Co.," which now controls all the ante-fire abstract books in the county. 
 
 Immediately after the fire A. D. Wilmanns at first re-associated himself 
 with Francis Pasdeloup, doing business with him until the latter's death 
 shortly after the fire, when he associated himself with Henry Thielcke, an 
 ante-fire clerk of Chase Bros., laying out a set of indices from October 9, 1871, 
 onward. The firm of Wilmanns & Thielcke continued to make abstracts 
 until the summer of 1875, when their set of books was sold to the county 
 and placed in the Recorder's office, where they have remained ever since and 
 where abstracts are now made from them by the Recorder under 
 special enactments by the legislature. In the winter of 1872-3 Mr. Chas. G. 
 Haddock, Mr. E. D* Coxe and Mr. Frank H. Vallet.te began work upon a 
 new set of books from the fire down. They soon after commenced making 
 abstracts under tue firm name of Haddock, Coxe & Co., which has since been 
 changed to Haddock, Vallette & Rickords, Mr. Coxe having disposed of his 
 interest to Mr. Geo. E. Rickords. Afier the transfer of the books of Wil- 
 manns & Thielcke to the county, C.C. Gilmore, a most competent abstractor, 
 and one Pollock for a year or more made abstracts as Gilmore, Pollock & Co., 
 using the books of the county. C. C. Gilmore had also previously made quite 
 a number of abstracts over his own signature from these books while they 
 were still owned by Wilmanns & Thielcke. In 1878 Otto Peltzer, the com- 
 piler and publisher of "Peltzer's Atlas of Chicago, ' whose professional work 
 as a draughtsman had been entirely in connection with the land titles and 
 records of the couuty and city in various positions since 1853, and who had 
 just then resigned his position of Deputy Recorder and Superintendent of the 
 Abstract Department of the county, embarked in the abstract business for 
 himself in conjunction with a number of experts formerly employed by the 
 Recorder, lie first entered into a contract with Haddock, Coxe & Co., for 
 access to their books, which he used for six years, after which time he made 
 
J9(5 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 use of the county's indices. In connection with his business as general 
 abstract maker, Mr. Peltzer also included the examining titles for purchasers, 
 issuing written "Opinions of Title;" and as the patronage in this line and the 
 confidence reposed in these "opinions" increased so rapidly in time, he has 
 devoted himself exclusively to this class of work since about 1888, making 
 but few abstracts since then. The latest abstract concern is "The Cook 
 County Abstract Company," which commenced operations in May, 1888. 
 This concludes the entire list of regularly established persons and firms 
 engaged in abstract making in this city before and since the fire of 1871. 
 
 Anarchy in Chicago. — For the benefit of foreign visitors and strangers 
 generally it may be well enough to say that anarchy in Chicaco received its 
 death-blow on the 11th day of November, 1887, when four of the leading 
 anarchists of the city were executed at the county jail. The monster has not 
 shown its teeth here since. There has been no riot in Chicago since May 4, 
 1886. And it is perhaps worth while to add that at no time in the history of 
 this city has the revolutionary element attained any strength. The anarchist 
 uprising was entirely due to the agitations of a few dangerous leaders among 
 a certain small class of workingmen, which should have been suppressed by 
 the authorities long before their poisonous teachings culminated in a riot. 
 The great majority of the workingmen of Chicago have never sympathized 
 with the anarchists nor believed in their teachings. 
 
 Anarchist Monument. — Six thousand dollars have been subscribed in 
 this country and in Europe toward the erection of a monument in memory of 
 the anarchists executed in this city for complicity in the bomb-throwing at 
 Haymarket Square. A committee of anarchists has the matter in charge. 
 Tnus far, there have been three models presented to the committee which seem 
 to rank above the rest. The one which seems to give most general satisfac- 
 tion was designed by a young German-American of this city. The artist 
 caught his inspiration from Freiligrath's song, " Revolution," the spirit of 
 which his creati >n embodies. A shaft of marble arises to the height of six- 
 teen feet. On its sides are the portraits of the five Anarchists with appropri- 
 ate inscriptions, one of which contains the last words of Spies before he was 
 executed : " Our silence will be more powerful than the voices you strangle 
 to day." At the base of the shaft are two bronze figures, life-size, symboli- 
 cal of revolution and the revolutionist. One is that of a young woman of 
 the people bending over the prostrate form of the dying revolutionist and 
 placing upon his brow the laurel wreath of victory. 
 
 Another design presents a marble shaft rising from a group of five lions, 
 and crowned with a marble sarcophagus from which emerges the figure of a 
 woman symbolizing "Liberty" and carrying in one hand a torch, in the 
 other a broken chain. 
 
 Annual Fat Stock Shows. — Annual fat stock shows have been held at the 
 old Exposition building in Chicago for the past thirteen years. They are 
 among the most interesting of our annual exhibitions. It is likely that the 
 exhibit will become a part of the Columbian Exposition of 1893. 
 
 Ashland Block. — Located on the northeast corner of Clark and Randolph 
 streets. Planned by Architect D. H. Burnham. Property leased from A. G. 
 Alexander, of Louisville, Kentucky, by R. A. Waller, of this city, aud L. 
 Broadhead, of Kentucky, for a term of years. This building is sixtc en stories 
 high, with a frontage on Clark street of 140 feet and 80 feet on Randolph 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 397 
 
 street. The exterior is classical. The windows of the lower stories are 
 recessed and end in an arch at the third story. The principal entrance is from 
 Clark street and is twenty-one feet wide. This extends to a height of two and' 
 a half stories and is rinished in terra cottaof a delicate design. The first story 
 has eight stores on the Clark street bide and three on Randolph street. The 
 second floor contains several spacious banking rooms 17 feet high and the 
 remaining floors are divided intoabnu f 350 offices. Seven elevators are placed 
 in the rear hall of the building. This building was ready for occupancy in 
 May, 1892. 
 
 Auditorium Tomer. — Visitors are taken by elevator to the top of the 
 Auditorium tower at 25 cents for adults, 15 cents for children. [See Audi- 
 torium.] 
 
 Chicago Epitomized. — Chicago is a big city. This novel observation is 
 emphasized by some figures. Here is a rough table of the growth of our 
 population during the last thirty years: 
 
 Date. Population. Per Cent. Inc. 
 
 1860 I09,00i 
 
 1865 178,000 65 
 
 1870 306,000 .... 7^ 
 
 1880 491,000 t£ 
 
 1886 703,0)0 ..35 
 
 1;90 1,098,000 55 
 
 If as many people come to Chicago during the next three decades as came 
 during the last three the business man of 1920 will see about him a popula- 
 tion of over 10,000,000 of people. Chicago has erected since 1876 56,240 
 buildings, at a cost of $255,298,879— i. e., the average each year has been 
 about 4,017 buildings, at an average cost of $18,235,634. At this rate thirty 
 years from now Chicago will- have built 120,510 new building, at a cost of 
 $547,069,020. But during 1889 alone 7,590 buildings were put up, at a cost of 
 $31,516,000; and during 1890, 11,608 were put up at a cost of $47,322,100. 
 The average number for the two years was 9,598. Should this average hold 
 good for thirty years, in 1920 there would be 287,940 new buildings, which 
 will have been erected at a cost of $1,182,571,500. 
 
 Consulates. — The foreign consulates in Chicago are located as follows: 
 Argentine Republic, 83 Jackson St.; Austro-Hungarian, 78-80 Fifth avenue; 
 Belgium, 167 Dearborn St.; Denmark, 209 Fremont St.; France, 78 La Salle 
 st.; Germia Empire, room 25, Borden block; Great Britain, room 4, 72 Dear- 
 born a*.; Paly, 110 Li Salle St.; Mexico, room 30, 126 Washington st. ; 
 Netherlands, 85 W kshington St.; Sweden and Norway, room 1, 153 Randolph 
 St.; Switzerland, 65 Washington st.; Turkey, 167 Dearborn st. 
 
 Columbus Building — To be erected on the southeast corner of State and 
 Washington sts., after plans by W. W. Boyington. The structure will be 
 fourteen stories high, two floors being contained in the ornamental space 
 above the cornice. It will cover the lot, with its frontage of 100 feet on State 
 street and 90 feet on Washington street. It will be constructed of stone, 
 steel and terra cotta, after the be*t models. A main feature will be the two 
 stores on the ground floor, on either side of the main entrance. Each will be 
 forty feet wide. The decorations and fixtures will cost $175,000. At the rear 
 of each will be a glass mosaic, one showing Columbus at the court of Isabella 
 and tho othsr his landing in America. The contract for these mosaics has 
 been placed at Venice.. The ceiling beams of the stores will be of bronze, 
 
398 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 suppor.iDg Mexican onyx ceilings. Over the entrance to the building a ten- 
 foot bronze statue of Columbus will be placed, which is now being made at 
 Rome. The floors throughout the building are to be of mosaic. 
 
 The height of the tower from the sidewalk to the top of the glass globe 
 will be 240 feet. The globe on top is to be of opalescent glass, with the con- 
 tinents marked in color, with a cut jewel locating Chicago, to be lighted with 
 a 3,000-candle-power electric lamp. The style of architecture in detail is 
 Spanish renaissance. The various coats of arms of Spanish royalty will be 
 shown in the cornice and elsewhere. Work will be begun May 1st, and the 
 structure will be completed by May 1, 1893. The building will cost about 
 $800,000. 
 
 Cook County Treasury Statement. — The following is an abstract from the 
 report of the comptroller of Cook County of leceipts and expenditures of the 
 different treasuries at the close of the year 1891. 
 
 The amount realized from the sale of bonds during the year was $1,021,- 
 973. From the funding fund was expended by order of the board $1,034,- 
 957, leaving a balance of $22,627. From tavern licenses $11,379 was realized. 
 There are in uncollected taxes, $52,479. Out of a general fund of $1,477,775 
 there is a balance of $59. The county paid during the year $1,366,696 in 
 salaries. From a supply fund of $608,067, $13,571.11 was unexpended. For 
 buildings the board spent $222,314. 
 
 The liabilities of the county foot up to $4,952,605, represented by the 
 various county bonds. But $1,483,000 of thisfalls due May 1 of this year, 
 while the remainder runs from 1S99 to 1905. The liabilities as represented 
 by the bonds is as follows : 
 
 Of the $1,483,000 of this indebtedness which falls due May 1, $1,350,C00 
 will be refunded at 4 per cent. 
 
 The total receipts of the county from the various offices were $856,826, 
 of which $266,656 came from the Treasurer's office and $208,956 from the 
 County Clerk's. 
 
 The total amount expended for salaries was $1,366,676, which was $30,- 
 000 less than the appropriation. The total supply appropriation was $603,- 
 091. Amount expended, $594,495. 
 
 " Crib," The. — The original crib is situated about two miles out in Lake 
 Michigan, almost directly east of the foot of Chicago avenue. "The Man 
 at the Crib" is Cxptain Charles McKee, who, with his family, has spent 
 eleven yaars in thit desolate, wave-washed and tempest-battered granite 
 home. He has reared a family of rive girls and one boy, all of whom are 
 married, except one girl. Besides his wife and daughter, three men and a 
 dog occupy the crib at present. The crib-keeper's quarters are comfortable. 
 During the winter m mths, when ice floes threaten to clog the grated mouth 
 of the water tunnel, his duties are as severe as they are important. There 
 are thousands of visitors at the crib during the summer months; in the win- 
 ter it is sometimes difficult to reach it with the city supply boat. The visitor 
 can take an excursion boat, steam or sail, on the lake shore, foot of. Van 
 Buren st. Fare, 25 cents. [See " Water Works."] 
 
 Daniel CConnell Statue. — To be erected by the Daniel O'Connell associa- 
 tion. Site not chosen. The following are the charter members of the asso- 
 ciation : John Cudahy, Redmond Prindiville, John M. Smyth, Patrick Kava- 
 nagb, Thomas Lynch, P. J. Magionis, Michael Cudahy, John B. Lynch, 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 399 
 
 Dennis O'Connor, M. Sullivan Thomas F. Keeley, Charles Dennehy Daniel 
 Corkery, William M. Device, M. P. Brady, M. W. Murphy, P. J. Hennessey 
 Daniel Delaney, M. N. Kerwin, Owen Murray, William McCoy John 
 McGovern, and Frank Higgins. 
 
 Distance of Chicago from other Principal Cities.— Chicago is distant from 
 Montreal, Canada, 842 miles ; time, 29 hours ;from Portland, Me., 1255 miles; 
 time, 40 hours ; from Boston, 1150 miles ; time, 32 hours ; from New York,' 
 911 miles; time, 26 hours; from Philadelphia, 822 miles; time, 24 hours'; 
 from Baltimore, 854 miles; time, 27 hours; from Washington, 811 miles; 
 time, 26 hours; from New Orleans, 915 miles; time, 48 hours; from the 
 City of Mexico, 2600 miles; time, 5 days; from San Francisco, 2450 miles ; 
 time. 3% days; from Vancouver, B. C, 2350 miles; time, 4% days.' 
 The time between Queenstown, Ireland, and New York is now made 
 by the average ocean steamer in less than seven days. The time 
 from Queenstown to Chicago would therefore be about 8^ days; 
 from Dublin, Ireland, 9 days; from Belfast, Ireland, 9^ days; from Liver- 
 pool, England, 9 days; from London, England, 9^ days; from Edinburg, 
 Scotland, 10 days; from Glasgow, Scotland (via Liverpool and Queens- 
 town), 10 days ; from Havre (direct), 9 days ; from Paris (via Havre), 10 
 days; from Bremen (via Southampton), 9 days ; from Berlin (via Bremen or 
 Hamburg), 11 days (via Calais, Dover, Liverpool and Queenstown), 10 days ; 
 from Vienna (via Bremen), 11 days; from Rome (via Marseilles, Bologna, 
 Liverpool and Queenstown), 15 days ; from Madrid, via Lisbon, direct, 12 
 days ; (via rail to Havre, and via Havre by steamship direct) 16 days ; (via 
 Liverpool and Queenstown) 15 days ; from St. Petersburg (via Havre, 
 Bremen or Hamburg), about 16 days. [See map showing "Relative position 
 of Chicago with regard to other principal cities."] 
 
 Estimated Cost of City Government for 1892 — The following are the esti- 
 mates of the cost of conducting the municipality of Chicago for the year 
 1892-93 : City cemetery, $500; contingent fund, $10,000; cost collecting city 
 taxes, $80,000; city clerk's office, $13,500; depaitm'i public works, $1,753,021; 
 election dept., $100,333; fire dept., $1,449,501; health dept., $562,660; house 
 of correction, $40,021; judgment account, $100,000; legal expenses, $25,000; 
 police dept., $2,820,833; pounds, $2,500; police courts, $2,000; printing and 
 stationery, $20,000; salaries, $225,000; sewerage dept,, $225,540: street lamp 
 fund, $880,000; bureau of lights, repairs and construction, $70,000; special 
 assessment on city property, $10,000; interest account, $1,007,342; public 
 library, $513,199; general sinking fund, $14,000; school sinking fund, $1,000; 
 school dept., $4,990,824— total, 14.916,776. The estimates of the police 
 department provide for 16 captains, 50 lieutenants, 90 patrol sergeants, 96 desk 
 sergeants, 90 detectives and 2,640 patrolmen, with about 300 other function- 
 aries of various grades attached to the department. 
 
 Fire of 1871.— -The fire of 1871 broke out on Sunday night, October 8th. 
 There had been on the previous evening an extensive conflagration in the 
 West Division, involving a heavy loss of property in the lumber district. 
 The firemen had worked upon the blaze for many hours, finally succeedingin 
 subduing it. The department, however, was pretty well exhausted when an 
 alarm was sounded at 9 o'clock on the following Sunday evening. The fire 
 was caused by the upsetting of a little lamp, in a stable, in the vicinity of De 
 
400 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Koven and Jefferson sts. , west of the river and south of Van Buren st. ; whether 
 the lamp was kicked over by a cow belonging to a Mrs. O'Leary is a question 
 that has never been satisfactorily settled. The fire first crossed the river at 
 Van Buren st., and soon enveloped the old gas works od Adams st., where 
 the Moody &Sankey Tabernacle afterward stood, and where stately whole- 
 sale houses now tower toward the sky. From that moment the business sec- 
 tion of the city was 
 doomed, for the wind 
 blew a perfect gale and 
 every moment added to 
 the heat and fury of the 
 conflagration, which 
 marched steadily on, 
 devouring granite 
 blocks with the same 
 ease as it destroyed 
 wooden shanties. 
 About one o'clock in 
 the morning it had 
 reached and wiped out 
 the Chamber of Com- 
 merce building; shortly 
 afterward it had swal- 
 lowed up the Court 
 House, whose bell 
 tolled to the last min- 
 ute. Then in one col- 
 umn, itpursued itsf uri- 
 ous course eastward, 
 laying Hooley's Opera 
 House, the Times build- 
 ing, Crosby's fine opera 
 house and many other 
 noble structures in 
 ashes. Then it moved 
 toward the northeast, 
 and then attacked the 
 wholesale districtatthe 
 foot of Randolph st., 
 carrying away the Cen- 
 tral Depot, the ruins 
 of which are still stand- 
 ing. Then it formed a 
 junction with another 
 branch of the maincol- 
 umnafter thelatterhad 
 the burned dtstrict. demolished the Sher- 
 
 man House, the Tremont House and other magnificent buildings in its path. 
 Then there was a general onslaught upon the city's center from the left col- 
 umn which laid low all the buildings lying west of La Salle st., including the 
 Oriental and the Mercantile buildings, the Uuion Bank, the Merchants' Insur- 
 ance building, where Gen. Sheridan had his headquarters, the Western Union 
 Telegraph office, and the solid and magnificent blocks of commercial houses 
 
:. 
 
 nm 
 
 iMfcr^ 
 
 [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 
 CHICAGO DAILY NEWS— COMPOSITION AND PRESS ROOMS. 
 
 LSee "Newspapers." 1 ] 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 401 
 
 that lined La Salle street in those days. By morning there was not one stone 
 upon another in this great business center. The right column of the fire is 
 described as having started from a point near the intersection of Van Buren 
 street and the river, where some wooden buildings were ignited by brands from 
 the West Side. This column had the advantage of a large area of wooden 
 buildings, say, Colbert and Ohamberlin, "on which to ration and arm itself for 
 its march of destruction." It gutted the Michigan Southern Depot and the 
 Grand Pacific Hotel, and destroyed other handsome structures in the vicinity. 
 Passing along the Postoffice, the Bigelow House, the Honore block, McVicker s 
 new theatre, the Tribune building, Booksellers' Row, Potter Palmer's store, 
 occupied by Field & Leiter, and all the smaller or lessconspicuous structureson 
 the road. It branched off and destroyed the handsomeresidencesand churches 
 ou Wabash avenue, and was finally stayed in its southward course at Con- 
 gress street. The fire crossed over to the north division about half-past three in 
 the morning, and among the first buildings to go down was the engine-house 
 of the water works, which, foolishly, had been roofed with pine shingles. 
 The fire was carried here by burning brands which must have traveled a 
 mile and a half in advance of the conflagration. ''This was the system," 
 say Colbert and Chamberlain, "by which the North Side was destroyed: 
 Blazing brands and scorching heat sent ahead to kindle many scattering 
 fires, and the grand general conflagration following up and finishing up." 
 The North Side was left a mass of blackened ruins by morning. Only at the 
 lake and the northern limits of the city was the firestayed . The district burned 
 over was bounded on the north by Fullerton avenue, on the west byHalsted 
 street to Chicago avenue and from that point south on Clinton street, on the 
 south by Twelfth street and on the east by Lake Michigan. The total area 
 burned over was nearly three and a third square miles; number of buildings 
 destroyed, 17,450; persons rendered homeless, 98,500; persons killed, about 
 200; loss, not including the depreciation of real estate or loss of business, esti- 
 mated at $190,000,000; recovered by insurance, $44,000,000. One yearafter 
 the fire many of the best business blocks in the city were rebuilt; "five years 
 after the fire the city was handsomer and more prosperous than ever; ten 
 years after the fire nearly all traces of the calamity had disappeared. 
 
 Fire of 1874.— The second great fire in Chicago occurred on July 14, 1874. 
 This conflagration swept over a district south of Twelfth street and east of 
 State street, which had escaped the fire of '71. Although eighteen blocks or 
 sixty acres were burned over, and although 600 houses were destroyed and 
 the loss was close to $4,000,000, the calamity was never as deeply regretted 
 as it would have been had the district been a safe one near the heart of the 
 city. The houses were nearly all wooden, and were a continual menace. 
 This district was soon rebuilt in a more substantial manner. 
 
 Fire Relics. — The finding of a large mass of molten iron by workmen 
 excavating for the new Masonic temple in 1890 called attention to the fact 
 that there were a number of interesting collections of relics of the great 
 fire in Chicago. The most interesting and ornamental monument of the fire 
 is the " Relic House," well known to North S'ders and Lincoln Park visitors. 
 In 1872, when the "leavings " of the fire could be had for the asking or the 
 trouble of picking them up, a man named Rettig conceived the idea of 
 building a small cottage out of such material as a melted mixture of stone, 
 iron and other metals. The queer structure was built at North Park avenue 
 a,nd Central street. Ten years ago it was removed to its present site near the 
 junction of Clark street and North Park avenue (take North Clark street 
 
402 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 cable line), Philip Vinter becoming the proprietor. Four years afterwards 
 the " Relic House" passed into the hands of its present owner, William 
 Liudemann, who has added a refreshment parlor to the saloon and made 
 quite a rustic spot out of the relic. The only ruin of the '71 fire which 
 remains standing is on a large vacant lot between Nos. 907 and 915 North 
 Clark stree', a few doors north of the "Relic House," on the opposite side 
 of the street. The ruin consists of three sections of red brick wall with 
 stone foundations showing where the chimneys, doors and windows formerly 
 were. The lot is owned by Hugh A. White, a lawyer who lives in Evanston. 
 The Chicago Historical Society has a large collection of fire relics, some 
 from the ruins of the society's building, which was then near the corner of 
 Ontario street and Dearborn avenue, but most of the relics are donations 
 from Maria G. Carr, Mrs. E. E. Atwater, and various business firms who 
 were burnt out. The Historical Society also has the key to the vault-door in 
 the office of the Assistant Treasurer of the United States at Chicago, which 
 was destroyed together with $1,500,000 in currency and the books and 
 vouchers in the office. The key was presented by Henry H. Nash, Cashier. 
 Large oil paintings of General Grant, J. Young Scammon and Miss Sneed 
 (the woman who, Napoleon thought, was the most beautiful in the world), 
 which were saved from the fire, adorn the walls of the society's room. Mrs. 
 Carr's collection is a curious one among the burned, melted, scorched and 
 twisted things being a bunch of forks, a mass of type, bunch of tacks, pack 
 or cards, a lot of knitting-needles, a spool of thread from Field, Leiter & Co.'s 
 dry-goods house at Madison and Franklin streets, hooks and eyes, a package 
 of buttons, three jew's-harps. thimbles, marbles, a bundle of melted glass, a 
 piece of glass from Bowen Bros. Lake street; an old fashioned clay pipe, 
 china dolls' head, three crucibles, a door bell, penknives, ©ne being found 
 under the site of a pulpit; a package of glass beads from Schweitzer & 
 Beer's store, a bundle of screws, a walking cane without head or ferrule, 
 necks of glass bottles from Jasger's place, and a package of slate pencils 
 from the Western News Company's place. In Mrs. Atwater's collection is a 
 lump of black stuff which was coffee once upon a time, labeled, "Browned too 
 Much," remnants of the stock of a toy house, china dolls and playthings, a 
 bundle of hair-pins, scissors, rosaries without the crucifix, glass beads, and a 
 jet necklace well preserved, a box of charred biscuits from the ruins of Dr. 
 Rice's church a lot of stained and plain window-glass from various city 
 churches, and a variety of blackened cups and saucers from the ruins of 
 crockery houses. 
 
 Farragut Monument, Lincoln Park. — The local G. A. R. Posts are engaged 
 iu devising means for the erection of a monument to Admiral Farragut, in 
 Lincoln Puik. 
 
 Grant Statue, Galena. — H. H. Kohlsaat, of this city, presented the citizens 
 of Galeua with a statue of Gen. U. S.Grant, which was unveiled in the 
 presence of a distinguished gathering on January 3, 1891, little Pauline 
 Kohlsaat, daughter of the donor, removing the covering. The oration was 
 delivered ly Chauncy Depew, of New York. The statue is of bronze, and 
 represents the old commander standing in a characteristic attitude, with one 
 hand thrust carelessly in his trousers' pocket and the other resting lightly in 
 his vef-t. It stands on a handsome base in Grant Park. Trains for Galena, 
 General Grant's old home, may be taken at the Northwestern depot, Wells 
 and Kinzie streets. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 403 
 
 Foreign Coin, Value of, in United States Money. — The United States Gov- 
 ernment in 1891 declared the following statement of the yalue of foreign 
 coin iu United States money as official. Foreign visitors in Chicago may 
 exchange their national coin at any of the leading banking houses or money 
 brokers' offices at a small cost for exchange. 
 
 Country. 
 
 Standard. 
 
 Monetary 
 Unit. 
 
 Value 
 
 in 
 terms 
 
 of 
 
 U.S. 
 
 gold 
 
 dollar. 
 
 A RGENTINE REPUBLIC 
 
 Gold and Silver 
 
 
 $0.96.5 
 38.1 
 19 3 
 
 
 Florin 
 
 Franc 
 
 Boliviano 
 
 Milreis 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Peso 
 
 Peso 
 
 Tael— 
 
 I Shanghai 
 
 < Haikwan. . . 
 
 ( (customs) 
 
 B tLGIUJ I 
 
 Gold and Silver 
 Silver 
 
 Bolivia 
 
 77 1 
 
 Brazil 
 
 British Possessions, N. A. (except New- 
 
 Gold 
 
 Gold 
 
 Silver 
 
 Gold and Silver 
 
 Silver 
 
 54.6 
 1 CO 
 
 Central American States- 
 Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, 
 Nicaragua. Salvador . 
 
 77.1 
 91.2 
 
 1.13.9 
 1.27 
 
 77 1 
 
 
 
 Silver 
 
 Gold and Silver 
 
 Gold 
 
 Silver .... 
 
 Gold 
 
 Gold 
 
 Gold and Silver 
 
 Gold .... 
 
 Gold 
 
 Gold and Silver 
 Gold and Silver 
 
 Cuba 
 
 Peso 
 
 Crown 
 
 Sucre 
 
 Pound (100 
 
 piastres) 
 
 Mark. 
 
 9^.6 
 
 26 8 
 
 Ecuador 
 
 77 1 
 
 Egypt 
 
 4 94 3 
 
 Finland 
 
 193 
 
 France 
 
 Franc 
 
 19 3 
 
 German Empire 
 
 23.8 
 
 4.86.6^ 
 
 1P.3 
 
 96 5 
 
 Great Britain — 
 
 Greece 
 
 Hayti 
 
 Pound Sterlg. 
 Drachma 
 
 
 Silver Rupee.. . 
 
 36.6 
 jq 3 
 
 
 Gold and Silver 
 
 GoJd 
 
 Silver 
 
 Gold and Silver 
 
 Gold 
 
 Gold 
 
 Silver 
 
 Gold 
 
 Silver 
 
 Gold and Silver 
 
 Gold 
 
 Gold and Silver 
 Silver 
 
 Y__ (Gold... 
 ien - 1 Silver.. 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Florin 
 
 99.7 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Netherlands 
 
 83.1 
 1.00 
 83.7 
 40.2 
 
 Newfoundland 
 
 Dollar 
 
 1.0'.4 
 
 Norway 
 
 Peru 
 
 Portugal 
 
 Russia 
 
 Crown 
 
 Sol 
 
 Milreis 
 
 Ruble 
 
 26.8 
 77.1 
 1.08 
 61.7 
 
 Spain 
 
 Peseta 
 
 19.3 
 
 Sweden 
 
 26. 8 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 Tripoli 
 
 Franc 
 
 Mahbub of 20 
 piastres . ... 
 
 Piastre 
 
 Bolivar 
 
 19.3 
 
 Turkey 
 
 Venezuela 
 
 Gold 
 
 Silver 
 
 69.5 
 
 4.4 
 
 15.4 
 
 # 
 
 
 
 Fort Dearborn. — The site of Fort Dearborn [see "Chicago As It Was"], 
 is now covered by a wholesale grocery house, at the corner of Michigan ave- 
 
404 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Goose Mand. — Located on the North branch of the Chicago river and 
 covered with immense manufactories, lumber yards, etc., and surrounded by 
 docks. It is becoming one of the most valuable centers in Chicago. An effort 
 has been made to change the name from Goose to Ogden IslaLd, but this was 
 defeated and the histor.c appellation retained. It derives it name from its 
 shape which resembles the body of a goose. 
 
 Drake Fountain. — To occupy space between the City Hall and Court 
 House buildings, Washington street frontage. Presented to the city by Mr. 
 John .B Drake. It is to be Gothic in style, and will be composed of granite 
 from Bavino, Italy. The base is sixteen feet square, length thirty-five feet. 
 The design includes a pedestal, on the front of which will be placed a 
 bronze utatue of Christopher Columbus, seven feet high, which is to be cast 
 in the royal foundry at Rome. The statue will be the work of the celebrated 
 sculptor, R. H. Park. From a clay model it is learned that Mr. Park has 
 represented his subject as a student rather than as a navigator, standing in 
 an easy pose, the weight of the body resting on the right leg, the head thrown 
 forward and the eyes regarding a small terrestrial globe which the figure holds 
 in the left hand, the right holding a pair of compasses and resting on the hip 
 in such a manner as to draw the folds of the tunic backwards, and show 
 the form to better advantage. 
 
 In modeling the features Mr. Park has consulted reproductions of all the 
 alleged portraits of Columbus, but has relied more upon descriptions of him 
 quoted from various sources and iu Traducci's "Life of Columbus" for the 
 character expressed. The fountain is to be provided with an ice chamber 
 capable of holding two tons of ice, and is to be surroundeel with a water pipe 
 containing ten faucets, each supplied with a bronze cup. The entire cost 
 will be $15,000. Mr. Drake's generous ^ift to the city is to be ready for pub- 
 lic use in 1892, and it will thus be happily commemorative of the 400th anni- 
 versarv of the discovery of America by Columbus. 
 
 Free Kindergartens. — All Souls' Kindergarten, 3939 Langley ave. ; 
 Armour Mission Kindergarten, 33d st. and Armour ave.; Bethesda Mission 
 Kindergarten, 409 S.Clark; Bohemian Mission Kindergarten, 711 Loomis St.; 
 Borland Kindergarten, Horace Mann School, cor. 37th st. and Portland ave.; 
 B-ennan Public School Kindergarten, Brighton Public School Kindergarten, 
 Drexel Kindergarten, Riymond'School, Friederich Froebel Kindergarten, cor. 
 12th and Halsted sts. ; Hancock Public School Kindergarten, Herford Kinder- 
 garten, (Morning), 405 22d St.; Hull House Kindergarten, 335 South 
 Halsted st. ; Immanuel Baptist Church Kindergarten, 2306 State St.; 
 Italian Kindergarten, 505 S. Clark st.; Kate C. Richardson's Memorial 
 Kindergarten, Memorial Baptist Church, Oakland Boulevard, near Cottage 
 Grove ave.; Kindergarten, 171 Division st. ; King's Daughters' Kinder- 
 garten, 5304 Jefferson ave.; Kinzie Public School Kindergarten, Peck 
 Public School Kindergarten (Afternoon), Porter Memorial Kindergarten, 
 cor. 12th st. and Ashland ave.; Raymond Mission Kindergarten, cor. 
 30th and Poplar sts.; Sedgwick St. Chapel Kindergarten, 388 Sedgwick st.; 
 St. Pius Convent Kindergarten, cor. Ashland ave. and 20th st.; St. Pius Mon- 
 astery Kindergarten, cor. 19th and Paulina sts',; Talcott Day Nursery Kinder- 
 

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 405 
 
 garten No. 1, 169 W. Adams st. ; Talcott Day Nursery Kindergarten No. 2, 
 581 Austin ave. ; The Creche Kindergarten, cor. 24th st. and Wabash ave. ; 
 The Borden Kindergarten, 517 and 519 Milwaukee ave.; Unity Industrial 
 School Kindergarten, 80 Elm st. 
 
 Grant Statue, Lincoln Park. — Situated on the North Shore Drive, Lin- 
 coln Park. Take the North Clark St. or Wells St. cable line. A magnificent 
 monument to the memory of the great general of the Civil War. The 
 sculpter was Louis T. Rebisso, an exile from his native land for the part he 
 took in striving to establish a republic in Italy. Whilst the signs of public 
 mourning were still visible* in Chicago there was a spontaneous movement 
 for the erection of a monument to General Grant. To suggest was to act; 
 to act was to execute. Within a year the requisite fund was subscribed, 
 and an award of $200 made to Rebisso of Cincinnati for presenting the most 
 acceptable design. The result is before the public in the unique equestrian 
 group unveiled amid the impressive ceremonies of October 7, 1891. There 
 have been many attempts in sculpture to image General Grant, but we cau 
 recall none more successful than Mr. Rebisso's. Thp physical proportions 
 of the mejestic figure are as faultless as the facial expression. Grant was 
 about five feet seven inches high, with a well-knit frame, the image of con- 
 scious strength and matchless endurance. He had a square and spacious 
 forehead, a strong lower jaw and firm-set lips. His hair and whiskers were 
 always worn short. His habitual expression indicated repose and firmness, 
 without assumption or severity. No more imposing aud successful specimen 
 of monumental art graces any city in the Uniied States. The view of it 
 presented in The Standard Guide is a pleasing one. The general is in full 
 uniform, mounted and in the attitude of critical inspection. Grasping a 
 field-glass in his right hand, he rests it in an easy and wholly unstudied man- 
 ner upon his right thigh, as after having taken a careful survey of the field. 
 The pose of the human figure suggests a concentration of thought, and the 
 confidence begot of self-reliance. Apparently he is observing the execution 
 of an order in some movement of the troops. Both horse and rider are in a 
 state of vigilant yet firm repose. With the single exception of President 
 Lincoln's, no face and figure are more familiar to the American people than 
 General Grant's. The colossal bronze statue at the park measures eighteen 
 feet three inches in height from the bottom of the plinth to the highest point. 
 It is the largest bronze casting ever attempted in this country. The dedica- 
 tion occurred on the afternoon of October 7, at two o'clock. The ceremonies 
 were most impressive, and was witnessed by no fewer than 100,000 persons. 
 The ceremonies were intrusted to a committee composed of the Hon . Jesse 
 Spalding, chairman; Col. A. C. Ducat, invitations; Col. Freeman Connor, 
 Grand Army; Capt. D. H. Gile, National Guard; Maj. G. H. Heafford, trans- 
 portation; Capt. J. T. McAuly, secretary; Col. M. D. Briggs, civic societies. 
 The military and civic parade was the largest and grandest ever witnessed on 
 this continent. 
 
 Great Clocks of the City.— In the old days before the building was 
 destroyed everybody's time was regulated by the Court House bell, and it is said 
 that for some time after the fire there were no two watches or clocks in town 
 that agreed. It is only within the last few years that public time pieces have 
 appeared. People down town in the vicinity of the Custom House consult 
 the clock in the Board of Trade tower and the Custom House clock, The 
 
406 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 largest ^.ock in the city is that in the tower of the new Grand Central Depot 
 Harrison st. and Fifth ave. There are also great clocks at the North- Western 
 and Rock Island. The Central Music Hall has a fine clock, so has the Inter 
 Ocean building, the Tobey Furniture Company building, McAvoy's Brewery, 
 the North Division railroad office, and the Jesuit Church on Twelfth st. The 
 Manasse chronometer in the Tribune building is consulted more than any in 
 the city, but there are innumerable clocks regulated by electricity throughout 
 the city now. These are operated from the Western Union telegraph office. 
 
 Hardware. — There are 300 retail hardware and cutlery stores in Chicago. 
 
 Haymarket Massacre. — Night of May 4, 1886. Take West Randolph 
 street car and alight at the Police Monument. The title is a misnomer. 
 The tragedy recalled to mind by the name in reality occurred on Desplaines 
 St., between the Haymarket and the alley which runs east from Desplaines 
 st., south of Crane Brothers' manufacturing establishment. The wagon 
 from which the anarchist speakers addressed the mob stood directly in 
 front of Crane Brothers' steps, about eight feet north of this alley. The 
 bomb was thrown from the mouth of the alley and exploded between the 
 second and third companies of policemen, as the six companies were halting 
 close to the wagon. The bomb thrower unquestionably made his escape 
 through the alley, which connects with another opening on Randolph St., 
 east of the Haymarket. Seven policemen were killed outright, or died 
 shortly afterward of their wounds, as a result of the explosion. A large num- 
 ber of policemen were badly and permanently injured. How many of those 
 in the mob were killed or died afterward of the injuries they received in the 
 police fusillade which followed the explosion has never been known, for their 
 bodies were quietly buried and their wounds concealed by their friends whenever 
 possible. The arrest of the leaders, Fielden, Spies, Engel, Lingg, Neebe, 
 Schwab, Fischer, the searching of the Arbeiter Zeitung office, on the east side of 
 Fifth av. , near W ashington st. ,and the discovery there of a vast supply of dyna- 
 mite, arms, bombs and infernal machines; the discovery of bombs in different 
 parts of the city, under sidewalks, in lumber yards and at the homes of the 
 anarchists; the sensational surrender of Parsons, who had taken flight on the 
 night of the massacre; the long trial, the speeches, the sentence, the appeal; the 
 refusal of the Supreme Court of the United States to interfere; the efforts made 
 to have the death sentence commuted; the day of execution, the 11th of 
 November, 1887; the shocking suicide of the " tiger anarchist," Lingg, in 
 his cell at the jail; the hanging of Parsons, Spies, Engel and Fischer, the 
 commutation of the death sentences of Fielden and Schwab to life imprison- 
 ment, all contributed toward the popular excitement which followed the 
 fatal 4th of May and continued until the gallows and the prison had per- 
 formed the parts assigned them by the law. The executed anarchists are 
 buried at Waldheim Cemetery. [See "Waldheim Cemetery."] The cell in 
 which Lingg committed suicide is directly in front of the "cage" in the 
 county jail. The other anarchists occupied cells in the same row. [See 
 County Jail.] The police monument at the intersection of Randolph and 
 Desplaines sts. (Haymarket Square) was erected by the citizens of Chicago in 
 honor of the brave officers who risked or sacrificed their lives in defense of 
 the law. and in commemoration of the death of anarchy in this city. 
 
 Haymarket Square. — That portion of W. Randolph st. between Desplaines 
 and Halsted sts., West Side. Take Randolph st. cars. Near the east end of 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 407 
 
 the square for many years stood the West Side Market House, a part of which 
 wasoccupied as a police station. The square is now entirely open, the police 
 monument which stands at the intersection of Randolph and Desplaines sts. 
 being the only obstruction in the broad thoroughfare. To the north of the 
 monument, on Desplaines St., the bomb was thrown on the night of May 4, 
 1886. [See Haymarket Massacre.] 
 
 Hell Gate Grossinj.—Bj far the most dangerous street intersection in 
 Chicago is at Randolph and LaSalle, where all cars of the North and West 
 Side cable systems pa=!S, two of the tracks curving around corners and the 
 ringing of bells by the gripmen making a din bewildering to pedestrians. 
 
 Hirsch Monument. — Erected by Sinai Congregation in honor of the late 
 Dr. Samuel Hirsch, at Rose Hill Cemetery . The monument is a plain marble 
 shaft. It bears the following inscription: "Erected by Chicago Sinai con- 
 gregation, the first to adopt without compiomise or hesitation the principles 
 he taught, and consecrated to the memory of Dr. Samuel Hirsch. Born in 
 Thalfangen, Prussia, June 8, 1815, he died in Chicago May 14, '89. For fifty 
 years of active life as rabbi, both in Europe and the United States, he was the 
 most fearless and consistent champion of enlightened, liberal Judaism, and 
 by words of mouth and pen never tired of holding its tenets as fundamentally 
 the doctrine destined to be the religion of humanity, looking neither to the 
 right nor to the left, but confident of the invincible power of truth. Those 
 who now lag behind will follow, and those who now oppose will endorse our 
 movement." 
 
 Illinois Central General Passenger Depot. — New depot of the Illinois Cen- 
 tral Railway will consist of a train-shed, 600 feet long by over 150 feet wide. 
 It will, of course, contain ticket offices, waiting-rooms, restaurant annexes, 
 etc., all fitted up in the most modern style. . 
 
 Immediately skirting the lake, extending southward from Park Row, over 
 Twelfth st. very nearly to Thirteenth, it will be made in beauty of design 
 and vastness of proportions one of the most striking architectural features of 
 Chicago viewed from the lake. 
 
 For a \ong time the Illinois Central people have been anxious to build a 
 new depot. In common with the citizens at large they recognized the build- 
 ing of such as an absolute necessity. Several insuperable obstacles intervened, 
 however, to prevent the realization of their desires as at first projected. 
 
 The property at the foot of Randolph street on which the depot stands 
 at present is owned jointly by the Illinois Central and Michigan Central Rail- 
 road Companies. Both corporations were of one mind as to the necessity of 
 a new depot. They differed, however, when it came to the disposition of the 
 depot when built. The Michigan Central Company wished to exclude a) 1 
 rival companies — the Illinois Central, of course, excepted — from the 
 use of thenew depot. The Illinois Central took a position directly 
 opposite, and desired to place the new station at the disposal of any company 
 wishing to use it. As agreement, as far as regarded the jointly-owned 
 site, was practically impossible, the Illinois Central Company resolved 
 to build where it would have sole and undisputed ownership and control. 
 
408 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Indebtedness of Chicago. —The assessed valuation for taxation of property 
 of all kinds in the State of Illinois is probably lower in proportion to 
 its actual, or selling, value than in any other State in the Union. Comparison 
 shows the aggregate of the assessed valuation for taxation of the street rail- 
 ways of Chicago, of the national banks and of all the real estate in the city of 
 Chicago transferred during the three months ended April 30, 1891 (where the 
 consideration was $1,000 or over), to be only $7,336,779, as against an actual 
 selling value of $94,972,626, obtained by adding the last bid prices on the 
 Chicago Stock Exchange for stocks of the banks and stocks and bonds of the 
 street railways, and the consideration expressed in deeds; that is, the assessed 
 valuation is only about one-fourteenth of the actual selling value. 
 
 This low assessed valuation of property in Chicago is further shown when 
 we compare the population and assessed valuation of the six leading cities of 
 the United States: 
 
 Pop. U. S. 
 City. Census 1890. 
 
 FewYork 1,515,301 
 
 Chicago l ,099,^-50 
 
 Philadelphia 1,046,964 
 
 Pop. U. S. 
 City. Census 1 890. 
 
 Brooklyn 806,343 
 
 St. Louis 451,770 
 
 Boston 448,477 
 
 City. 
 
 Assessed 
 Valuation. 
 
 Net Debt. 
 
 Debt per 
 capita. 
 
 Ass'ed value 
 per capita. 
 
 New York 
 
 Chicago 
 
 $1,696,978,390 
 219,354,368 
 713,902,843 
 452,874,'51 
 245,088,770 
 76 .353,648 
 
 $98,663,073 
 13.554,900 
 23,693,576 
 34,639,542 
 21,625,144 
 28,321,788 
 
 $65 
 13 
 22 
 42 
 47 
 63 
 
 $1,120 
 199 
 
 Phila delphia 
 
 Brooklyn 
 
 682 
 562 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 Boston 
 
 543 
 
 1,707 
 
 It will be noted that, notwithstanding the very low assessed valuation of 
 property in Chicago, the total debt of Chicago per capita is less than a fifth of 
 the debt per capita of either New York or Boston and is the lowest per capita 
 of any of the six cities named. 
 
 Inter-State Exposition. — Occupied an immense building on the Lake Front, 
 from 1875 to 1892, when the structure was torn down to make room for the 
 permanent Art gallery. Expositions were given annually which attracted 
 thousands of strangers, and for a time were quite popular with residents. 
 Fat stock shows, etc., were also held here. Some of the greatest political 
 conventions [See National Political Conventions] ever assembled in this coun- 
 try were held here. The building in its later days became an eye-sore to the 
 public. 
 
 J. V. Farwell Company. — The great dry goods house of J. V. Farwell & 
 Co., one of the largest in the world, and doing a business of over $40,000 000 
 per annum, was incorporated as a stock company on December 13, 1890. The 
 board of directors are: C. B. Farwell, J. K. Harmon, J. V. Farwell, Jr., J. T. 
 Chumasero, F. P. Potter, J. E. Downs f.nd S. Farwell. The officers an : 
 C. B. Farwell, president; J. K. Harmon, vice-president; J. V. Farwell, Jr., 
 treasurer; J. T. Chumasero, secretary. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 409 
 
 Kenwood Physical Observatory. — One of the best equipped astronomical 
 stations in the country. Dedicated 1892. The observatory is located at Grand 
 avenue and Forty-sixth street, and is the gift of W. E. Hale, of the Hale 
 Elevator Company, to his son, George E. Hale, recently graduated from 
 college. Young Mr. Hale has been a devoted student of astronomical science 
 for several years, and his enthusiasm so interested his father that the latter 
 determined to build an observatory which cou'd justly be so called. 
 
 The observatory is unique as being the first private investment of the 
 kind in the city. The building and telescope represent an outlay of about 
 $20,000. The building is a finely decorated structure of two stories. A 
 revolving dome surmounts the whole and electric lights from special dynamos 
 furnish illumination. The telescope is a twelve-inch refracting equatorial. 
 It was built especially to carry the spectroscope. The total length c.f the 
 instrument is 22^ feet. The rotating dome is 2Q% feet in diameter. The 
 telescope was built by Warner & Swasey, of Cleveland, O. The spectroscope 
 was manufactured by J. A. Brashear, of Allegheny Ci y, Pa. 
 
 Kosciusko Monument. — Projected by the Kosciusko Monument Association, 
 which p'roposes to erect a $25,000 statue to the Polish patriot at Humboldt 
 park. 
 
 Labor Temple.— Plans have been drawn for the construction of a great 
 Labor Temple in this city to cost $500,000. It is to cover 150x150 
 feet in area, and from twelve to fifteen storks high. The plans at pres- 
 ent are to have the first floor devoted to stores, the second to a large 
 hall; the four upper stories to a hotel, and the remainder to lodge rooms and 
 offices for headquarters of the various unions. The matter is in the hands of 
 the Building and improvement Company of which the following are officers: 
 Homer Cooke, president; Wallis K. Cook, vice-president; E. J. Blessington, 
 secretary; J. E. Buckbee, assistant secretary; Chas. S. Simmons, treasurer; 
 D. R. W., Williams, general agent. 
 
 Logan Statue. — To be erected to the memory of the late General and' 
 Senator, John A. Logan. Soon after the death of Gen. Logan, in 1887, the 
 Illinois Legislature passed an act appropriating $50,000 for a monument of 
 John A. Logan and for the appointment of commissioners therefor. The 
 monument was to be erected " at such point in the City of Chicago or else- 
 where in the State of Illinois as may be selected by his widow," and the 
 commissioners were authorized and empowered to receive proposals and to 
 contract for the completion of such monument and to receive subscriptions 
 therefor. It was further provided, that if the place selected for the monu- 
 ment should be a public park, the commissioners in charge of such park 
 should be " authorized, empowered, and directed to place the monument upon 
 a site so selected by said widow, and to provide that such monument shall be 
 made the permanent resting place of the remains of said John A. Logan and 
 of his widow after her death." When the bill was passed in 1887 it was the 
 intention to erect the monument some place in the South Parks. The com- 
 missioners, or a majority of them, expressed an intention to erect the pedestal, 
 and it was proposed to enlarge the appropriation for the monument by popu- 
 lar subscription; by subscription among the veteran soldiers and among the 
 friends and admirers of the dead soldier-statesman. But, as time passed on, 
 there were no subscriptions from any source, and the promoters of the project 
 came to the conclusion that the $50,000 appropriated by the State would be the 
 only available fund. The commissioners appointed under the act for the 
 
410 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 erection of the monument were Henry W. Blodgett, W. C. Goudy, Robert T. 
 Lincoln, John M. Palmer, Milton Hay, Richard S. Tuthill, William H, 
 Harper, Melville W. Fuller, John R. Walsh Oliver A. Harker, William S. 
 Morris, and George W. Smith. It is understood that the original purpose to 
 make the monument " the permamanent resting place of Gen. Logan and of 
 his widow after her death " has been abandoned. The statue will "be erected 
 before the opening of the World's Fair. 
 
 Market Squares.— There have been no public market houses in Chicago 
 for a number of years, but back in the early days of the city one stood in each 
 of the three divisions. The South Side market was on State St., between 
 Randolph and South Water sts.; the West Side market was on Haymarket 
 square, and the North Side market was on Michigan St., where the Criminal 
 Court building and jail now stand. The Hnymaiket massacre occurred near 
 the site of the West Side market. Mayor Wentworth piled all the overhang- 
 ing sigus, which he tore down during his second administration, on the South 
 Side site, and Stephen A. Douglas was mobbed on the North Side site. 
 Police stations were located in each of these market houses, and the upper 
 floors were used as town or public halls. 
 
 Mayors of Chicago. — Following is a list of the mayors of Chicago from 
 theiacorporationof the city to the present time: William B. Ogden, Buckner 
 S. Morris, Benjamin VV. Raymond, Alexander Loyd, Francis C. Sherman, 
 Augustus Garrett, Alson S. Sherman, John Putnam Chapin, James Curtiss, 
 James H. Wordworth, Walter S, Gurnee, Charles M. Gray, Isaac L. Milliken, 
 Levi D. Boone, Thomas Dyer, lohn Wentworth, John C. Haines, Julian S. 
 Rumsay, John B. Rice, Roswell B. Mason, Joseph Medill, Harvey D. Colvin, 
 Monroe Heath, Carter H. Harrison, John A. Roche, DeWitt C. Cregier, 
 Hempstead Washburne. 
 
 Meat Markets. — There are 1,400 retail meat markets in Chicago. 
 
 Michigan Avenue. — Formerly a residence street along the Lake Park, has 
 changed materially within a few years. It is now Michigan blvd. It will 
 probably become the great hotel avenue of the city. At present some of the 
 grandest structures in Chicago are located along its west side. At Adams st. 
 is the Brunswick, and on the opposite corner is the Pullman building, 
 which is more or less of a hotel. On the northeast corner cf Jackson 
 street is located the Argyle apartment building, which is really a 
 large family hotel. North" of it, on the ground owned by the Jennings 
 estate, and occupied by Leroy Payne's stables, there will be a hotel. 
 On the southwest corner is the Leland, and then the Richelieu. Next comes 
 the Beaurivage, which has been remodeled into a hotel by the owner, 
 L. J. MoCormick, who will call it the Victoria. These three hotels occupy 
 the entire block between Jackson and VanBuren sts. At the northeast corner 
 of Congress st. is the greatest of all, the Auditorium. Within three or four 
 years the Auditorium Hotel Company will acquire possession of the Stude- 
 b iker building, which adjoins it on the north, and which will be re arranged 
 so as to be suitable for hotel purposes. Between Harrison and Twelfth sts. 
 there are several large apartment buildings which answer the same purpose as 
 family hotels. At Park Row and Twelfth st. is the site selected for the new 
 hotel, which will rival the Auditorium. Along the avenue south of Four- 
 teenth to Twentieth st. are a number of apartment houses which can be 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 411 
 
 classed as family hotels. At Twenty-first st. a big hotel, to be known as the 
 " Fairbanks/' will be built. The Batchelder interests will build at Twenty- 
 second St., and at Twenty-third st. the magnificent Hotel Metropole is being 
 builded , There will be at the southeast corner of Thirty-fifth st. a large 
 apartment building. These different enterprises are gradually changing 
 Michigan ave. from a thoroughfare of fine residences to a semi-business st.. 
 which has no parallel in Chicago. 
 
 Milk Supply of Chicago. — R. M. Littler, secretary of the Chicago Produce 
 Exchange, and also wf the National Dairyman's Association, has complied 
 figures showing something of the extent of the milk traffic of this city (pas 
 year 1891). Chicago's dairy farm is a large one, extending away into the 
 southern edge of Wisconsin, and west and south a distance of more than one 
 hundieu miles. The milk is collected daily fix m individual farmers and 
 rapidly forwarded to the city on fast express trains, many of which are 
 engaged solely in this business, making the long distance named in three 
 hours, arriving herein early morning. The milk is carried in cans of eight 
 gallons each, and about 12,000 cans arrive daily at the several depots, chiefly 
 on tfie West Side. The 100,000 gallons of milk received every morning 
 represent a wholesale price of 14 cents per gallon, or a daily milk bill of 
 $14,000, making a yearly total of rather more than $5,000,000. Of course the 
 sum finally paid by 1,200,000 consumers at the retail price asked is much 
 larger than the above — perhaps double. Taking as an average daily yield 
 two gallons for each cow it will be seen that in order to keep the city supplied 
 50,000 cows are on duty each day. From official returns of other cities in 
 this country it appears that Chicago uses more milk per capita than the 
 large centers in the East. This is largely due to the fact that here there is 
 relatively little condensed milk consumed. In many of the chief cities and 
 towns of the Eastern States, where pastorage and hard feed represent greater 
 expense to the dairyman, there is a large consumption of condensed milk. 
 This is produced in the Elgin and other domestic dairy districts, and al&o 
 Switzerland, France and Germany. 
 
 Monuments. — The monuments of Chicago are Douglas Monument, in 
 Douglas Monument Park. Take Illinois Central train for Thirty-fifth st. ; the 
 Lincoln, Grant, La Salle, Shakespeare, Schiller, YonLinne. and Indian Monu- 
 ments in Lincoln Park [see Lincoln Park]; the Police Monument, in Hay- 
 market Square; take Randolph st. car; the Soldiers' Monument, at Rose Hill 
 Cemetery [see Rose Hill Cemetery] and the Mulligan Monument at Calvary. 
 [See Calvary Cemetery.] A monument to the late Judge Knickerbocker is 
 contemplated for South Park; Leonard Volk, sculptor. Lincoln Park is to 
 have a monument erected to the memory of Admiral David G. Far- 
 ragut. Victor Hugo in bronze will likely grace the entrance to the French 
 building during the World's Fair. A statue of Hans Christian Andtr- 
 son is also contemplated, a society having been organized for the pur- 
 pose of erecting it. A statue of William B. Ogden, Chicago's first mayor, 
 is to be erected south of the intersection of North Clark and Wells sts., oppo- 
 site Lincoln Park. The Netherlander of the city have in contemplation the 
 erection of a statue of William, Prince of Orange. The prominent Irish 
 societies of the city will erect a statue of Daniel O'Connell. A statue of Colum- 
 bus will surmount the Drake Fountain in front of the City Hall. [See Drake 
 Fountain.] A $50,000 statue of the late Gen. John A. Logan, by St. Gaudens, 
 
412 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 at the entrance to Jackson Park at Sixty-third st. Charles T. Yerkes has 
 provided tor a statue of the late Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, to be erected in 
 Union Park, West bide. The monuments at present in position, and those in 
 the cemeteries are mentioned under appropriate headings in the Encyclopedia. 
 
 New Patrol Wagon and Ambulance. — This new ambulance has a handsome 
 top in black, the panels of the body of the wagon being in red and blue and 
 with the lettering ' ' 1 'atrol — Police Department." The stretcher, on the inside, 
 for the patient, is suspended from straps, with a spiral spring at the end of 
 each at the corners of the wagon. This arrangement prevents any roueh 
 motion of the stretcher or bed from the jolting of the wagon or any sudden 
 swaying in any direction. 
 
 The in'ention is said to be to have covers placed on all the patrol wagons 
 of the department, and convert at least those attached to the principle statious 
 into ambulance vehicles also. The general feeling is that the wagons ought 
 to be covered long ago. The matrons of the stations often have to ride long- 
 distances in patrol wagons with women in their charge, and such a ride on an 
 open wagon in a winter's storm or the blazing heat of summer is considered a 
 hardship. Then it is considered proper that men and women, whether crim- 
 inals or drunkards, or sick or maimed or dead, should not be driven through 
 the streets exposed to the weather and the public gaze. 
 
 New Water Tunnels. — Chicago has well under way three tunnels through 
 which the future water supply is to come. They are what aie known as the 
 Lake.View tunnel, the North Shore Inlet Extension, and the tunnel which 
 smarts from the Lake Front, near Park Row. When all are finished Chicago 
 will have an unrivaled water supply. 
 
 Ogden Statue — The projected statue to the late William B. Ogden, first 
 mayor of Chicago, will be erected on the park front, just south of the inter- 
 section of North Clark and Wells Streets. This intersection is to be known 
 hereafter as Ogden Place. The heirs of the Ogden estate are to provide the 
 statue. No definite plans had been agreed upon up to this writing. 
 
 Revenge Circular. — The following is the full text of the circular issued 
 by the anarchists of Chicago, after the suppression by the police of the riot 
 on *• the Black Road." [See "Black Road."] It was written by Adolph 
 Spies afterwards executed for his part in the Haymarket massacre. 
 
 " Revenge! Working-men to Arms! Your masters sent out their bloodhounds, the 
 police. They killed six of your brothers at McCormick's this afternoon. They killed 
 tue poor wretches because they kad the courage to disobey the suprem will of 
 your bosses; they killed them because they dared to ask for the shortening of 
 the hours of toil; they killed them to show you, free American citizens, that 
 you must be satisfied and contented with whatever your bosses condescend to 
 all jw you, or you will get killed. You have for years suffered unmejsurable 
 iniquities: you have worked yourself to death; you have endure i trie pangs of 
 want and hunger; your children you have sacrificed to the factory lords— in fact you 
 have been miserable and obedient saves all these years. Why? To satisfy the insati- 
 abl3 greed, to fill the coffers of your lazy, thieving masters. When you ask them now 
 to lessen the burden they send their bloodhounds out to shoot you— kill } ou. if you 
 are men, if you are the sons of your grandsires who have shed their b'ood to free ^ ou, 
 th n you will rise in your might, Hercules, and destroy the hideous monster 'that 
 seeks to destroy you. To arms! We call you to arms! " Your Urothkrs." 
 
 liiot of 77.— Outgrowth of the great railroad strike throughout the 
 entire eastern portion of the United States, particularly iu Pennsylvania. 
 Principal scenes of trouble in Chicago: South Halsted street from viaduct 
 
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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 413 
 
 to the Stock Yards; railroad tracks at Sixteenth street; W. Twelfth Street 
 Turner Hall and the entire southwestern portion of the city. The riot 
 threatened serious consequences for some days, but was finally quelled by 
 the arrival of United States troops from the plains 
 
 "Rookery.'' — After the great fire of 1871 the municipality erected for 
 temporary use a two-story brick building on the half block bounded by 
 Lattalle, Adams aud Quincy streets, and the alley between LaSalle and Clark 
 streets and called it tne City Hall. It was also occupied by the Courts. The 
 structure was put up in great haste, and without regard to architectural 
 beauty. It is stated that pigeons used to flock to the building, induced 
 thither by a glass roof which surmounted a disused water tank which occu 
 pied the center of the structure and by the oats which fell fromthefeed-bag< 
 which the fire marshals used for their horses on the Quincy street side. 
 The story goes that one day a gentleman marched into Mayor "MediU's office 
 to complain ot the pigeon nuisance and spoke of thebuilding as a "rookery." 
 Whether this was the real origin of the term or not, the newspaper reporters 
 got into the habit of calling the building the " rookery," and it was generally 
 understood that they alluded to the dilapidated condition of the structure, 
 which from the day it was finished began to fall to pieces. At any rate the 
 name clung to it as long as the building stood, and when the present magnifi 
 cent structure took its place its owners decided to retain it. [See Rookery 
 Building.] 
 
 Shakespeare Statue, Lincoln Park. — Take the North Clark or Wells street 
 cable lines. The site is near the Indian group. O. W. Partridge, sculptc r. 
 The design was chosen by Mr. J. DeKoven, one of the trustees of the fuLd 
 left by Mr. Samuel Joknson for the erection of the monument. 
 
 Mr. Partridge, the artist who executed the statue, has made a careful 
 study of the death-mask of the great dramatist, consulted many able Shake- 
 sperian students, and spent some time at Stratfoid-on-Avon in order to pre- 
 pare himself for the work of reconstructing the portrait of a man whose 
 genius is sufficiently overawing to make any artist hesitate before undertaking 
 the task of clothing it in the outward form which is to represent it. The con- 
 ception of Mr. Partridge is not the haughty actor or the solemn philosopher, 
 pondering on the frailty of humanity, but the smiling poet and observer of 
 mankind. The pose of the figure is graceful, as far as may be judged from 
 the photograph, and the costume and accessories seem to be in keeping. The 
 chair on which the figure is seated has a suggestion of heaviness about it, but 
 this is undoubtedly made necessary by the weight which it must support. 
 
 Sheridan Road. — A beautiful driveway that skirts the North shore, 
 between Lincoln Park and Fort Sheridan. This drive was projected as a 
 common roadway, but the probable work in future improvements, as the 
 c juntry along the North shore developes, is practically immeasurable. The 
 uiiveis at present about twenty-four miles in length, ranging in qualin 
 from first-class asphalt pavement to a plain country road. The total cost of 
 work completed is about $500,000. This covers only the work done norm oi 
 Lincoln Park, and includes the work done on the six miles north of Edge- 
 water. The work has been carried on by private and municipal enterprise. 
 The character of the work, of course, varies with the present development 
 uf the country. For this reason the southern part of the work is superior to 
 the work done in the northern half of the road. Through the villages along 
 
414 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 the shore old-established streets are made an integral part of the road. The 
 return drive through Evanston, South Evanston and Rodgers Park is by no 
 means an unimportant part of this north-shore improvement. The section 
 of this drive in South Evanston has been set apart as a boulevard and the 
 work of improvement of the same will cost about $70,000. For a distance of 
 one and one-half miles this drive is to be paved with cedar blocks, curbed, 
 and lined with elm trees. The work of construction, particularly on the 
 northern part of the road, has been much more difficult than that of ordinary 
 boulevarding around Chicago. Instead of a smooth and uniformly level 
 street, the road winds around the sides of ravines and runs over hills and 
 down declines of from 50 to 100 feet. The road when finished will beturned 
 over to the commissioners of the vaiious town and village authorities The 
 construction is in charge of the Sheridan Road Association, of which Mr. 
 Alexander Clark, of South Evanston, one of the originators of the scheme of 
 improvement, is secretan^. 
 
 Sheridan Statue. — Ho be erected to the memory of Gen. P. H. Sheridan 
 at Union Park, West Side, at the personal cost of Mr. Charles T. Yerkes. No 
 expense, it is understood, will be spared in making this one of the hand- 
 somest monuments of the city and in producing the most accurate likeness of 
 " Little Phil " iu existence. 
 
 State Central Committees. — The composition of the State Cential Com- 
 mittees of Illinois is as follows: Republican. — Headquaittis, Grand Pacific 
 Hotel, Chicago. Chairman, A. M. Jones; secretary, C. A. Partridge; treas- 
 urer, George Schneider. Members at large. A. M. Jones, Chicago; E. H. 
 Morris, Chicago. Members: 1st District, Pliny B. Smith, Chicago; 2d, G. J 
 Chott, Chicago; 3d, Henry L. Hertz, Chicago; 4th. E. S. Conway, Oak Park; 
 5th, W. S. Frazitr, Aurora; 6th, George S. Roper, Rockford;7th, Thomas 
 Diller, Sterling; 8th, Thomas C. Fullerton, Ottawa; 9th, Dr. E. A. Wilcox, 
 Minonk; 10th, Isaac C. Edwards, Peoria; 11th, Peyton Roberts, Monmouth; 
 12th, U. H. Keath, Quincy; 13th, C. R. Paul, Springfield; 14th, E. D. B'inn, 
 Lincoln; 15th, James H. Clark, Mattoon; 16th, A. H. Jones, Robinson; 17th, 
 H. J. Himlin, Shelby ville; 18th, H. Brueggemau, Alton; 19th, James S. Mar- 
 tin, Salem; 20th, W. C. S. Rhea, Marion. Democratic — Headquarters, 
 Sherman House, Chicago. Chairman, Delos P. Phelps; secretary, Theo. Nel- 
 son; treasurer, W. B Brinton Members at large: J. H. Baker, Sullivan; D. 
 P. Phelps, Monmouth; S. B. Chase, Chicago; J. C. Strain, Chicago; Andrew 
 Welsh. Aurora; J. R. Creighton, Fairfield; C. D. Hoiles, Greenville. Mem- 
 bers: 1st District, Thomas Gahan, Chicago; 2d, Joseph P. Mahoney. Chicago; 
 3d, W. F. Mahoney, Chicago; 4th, Fred Greisheimer, Chicago; 5th, Denis J. 
 Hogan, Geneva; 6th, W. O. Wright, Freeport 7th, C. C. Johnson, Sterling; 
 8th, P. C. Haly, Joliet; 9th, D. C. Taylor, Kankakee; 10th, S. Y. Thornton, 
 Canton; 11th, J. W. Potter, Rock Island; 12th W. H. Hinrichsen, Jackson- 
 ville; 13th, J. D. Wright, Petersburg; 14th, Theodore Nelson, Decatur; 15th, 
 W. B. Brinton, Tuscola; 16th, John Landrigan, Albion; 17th, J. W. Lump- 
 kin, Carliu ville; 18th, Timothy Gruaz, Highland; 19th, Walter Watson, 
 Mount Vernon; 20th, R. E. Sprigg, Chester. Prohibition. — Headquarteis, 
 Rockford. Chairman, John W. Hart; secretary. James Lamont; treasurer, J. 
 B. Hobbs. Members: 1st District, Rev. H. S.Taylor. Englewood; Rev. J. C. 
 Stoughton, Chicago; 2d, J. P. Bishop, Chicago, Nillis Johnson, Chicago; 3d, 
 Mrs. L. S. Rounds, A. E. Wilson, Chicago; 4th, AIUsH. L. Hood, J. B. Hobbs, 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 415 
 
 Chicago; 5th, M. H. Daley, DeKalb, J. N. Wheeler, Geneva; 6th, John W. 
 Hart, Rockford; 7th, D. E. Holmes, Galva, F. E. Andrews, Sterling; 8th: M, 
 E. Cornell, Yorkville; 9th, E.E. Day, Kankakee, W. H. Boles, Eureka; 10th, 
 Dan 1 R. Sheen, Peoria, Rev. J. G. Evans, Abingdon; 11th, J. R. Hanna, 
 Monmouth, L. F. Gumbart. Macomb; 12th, J. L. B. Ellis, Griggsville, H. S. 
 Wells. Quincy: 13th, R. H. Pattern, Springfield; 14th, A, F. Smith, Decatur, 
 D. H. Harts, Lincoln; 15th, C. V. Guy, Danville, Geo. W. Gere, Champaign; 
 16th, Hale Johuson, Newton, G. B. Murray, Olney; 17th, L. F. Stoddard, 
 Ramsey, H. B. Kepley, Effingham; 18th; Jas. A. Watts, Nashville, A. J. 
 Meek, Marissa; 19th, A. M. Sterman, Dahlgren, John Lund, McLeansboro; 
 20th, J. F. McCartney, Metropolis, M. A. Smith, Vienna. 
 
 Subterranean Theater — Tae Hirdy Subterranean Scenery Company was 
 incorporated recently with a capital of $300,000. Tiiis company proposes to 
 build a subterranean theater the plans of which contemplate a work of such 
 magnitude and novelty that they have been received with doubt and ridicule. 
 However, the projectors insist that they will be carried out. These plans 
 include the erection of a large building above the mouth of a shaft which 
 will penetrate the earth from six hundred to a thousand feet-, showing coal 
 mines and weird subterranean caverns below. As the whole matter is in its 
 infancy, a description of it would be out of place here. 
 
 Telegraph Service. — The Western Union Telegraph (main) office is 
 located on the southwest corner of Washington and La Salle sts. There are 
 branch offices in nearly all the leading hotels and in drug stores, etc., 
 throughout the city. The Postal Telegraph (main) office is located at 12 
 Pacific ave. Branch offices of this company are likewise located at conven- 
 ient points, throughout the city. The main office of the American District 
 Telegraph are located at 501 Pullman building; it has numerous branches. 
 The B. & O. Telegraph office is at 70 Board of Trade; Chicago & Milwaukee 
 Telegraph Co., 7 Exchange Place, General Fire Alaini Telegraph Co., 118 
 La Salle st. Gold and Stock Telegraph Company, 239 La Salle st. Mes- 
 sengers maj r be called by any public telephone, or by signal boxes, found in 
 all public places. 
 
 Telephones. — Telephones may be found in the various branch offices of 
 the Chicago Telephone Company, in neaily all drug stores and in all hotels 
 and public places. The charge for messages is usual)}' ten certs. The Cen- 
 tral Telephone office is located in the Telephone building, Washington and 
 Franklin sts , near mouth of tunnel. There are, besides the Chicago Tele- 
 phone Company, the following: American Cushman Telephone Co., 242 
 S. Water st.; Central Union Telephone Co., Pullman building; Gray 
 National Telephone Co., 189 La Salle St.; Northwestern Overland Telephone 
 and Telegraph Co., 243 Adams st.; Police Telephone and Signal Co., 118 
 La Salle st.; Ravenswood Telephone Exchange, 410 Opera House building. 
 At the last annual meeting of the stockholders of the Central Union Telephone 
 Company it was shown that the gross earnings of the company increased dur- 
 ing 1891, $125,000. The number of instruments in use showed a net increase 
 of 1,934. The net earnings of the company amouuled to $378,840, which is 
 equal to 5.74 per cent, on the $6,600,000 capital stock. Tne Central Union 
 Telephone Company was organized in 1883, and has now become the most 
 important telephone company in the West. Its territory comprises a number 
 
416 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 of Western States, including nearly all of Illinois outside of Co< k C >unty. 
 Board of Directors: C. H. Brownell, R. C. Clowry, C. R. Cumniiugs, M. G. 
 Kellogg, H. B. Stone, John F. Wallack, J. Russell Jonts, John E. Hudson, 
 and F. H. Griggs. The old Executive Committe and the following officers 
 were elected: Henry B. Stone, president; W. S. Chapman, secretary. 
 
 Thomas Orchestra— The Theodore Thomas Orchestra, Theodore Thomas, 
 director, has been engaged for the Auditorium for three years, beginning 
 with the fall of 1891. Fifty gentlemen of Chicago subscribed $1 ,000 each as a 
 subsidy. Among the subscribers were Henry Field (deceased), MarshallField, 
 C. L. Cummings, Franklin Mac Veagh, Potter Palmer and the Auditorium 
 Company. The Thomas Orchestra is the finest in existence. Two symphony 
 concerts and a public rehearsal will be given weekly during next winter at 
 the Auditorium, and probably nightly concerts through the summers of 1892- 
 1893. 
 
 United States Appraisers' Building.— Used for storage for bonded 
 goods and as offices for the United States appraisers in this city, stands atthe 
 northern corner of Harrison and Sherman streets, with a frontage on both 
 streets. The principal entrance is on Harrison street. From foundation to 
 roof the structure has been built with a view to solidity and strength, and 
 the contractors claim that it can not be sufficiently overloaded with merchan- 
 dise to affect its stability in the least. It is likewise fireproof and braced and 
 anchored throughout. 
 
 The iuterior finish is simple but neat and in keeping with the outward 
 solid appearance. White oak, highly polished, is used exclusively for wood- 
 work; excepting the flooring in office and storage rooms, where yellow pine is 
 substituted. In the corridors tiling is utilized for floors, and the walls here 
 and around the stairway sis imported yellow enameled brick. The plastering 
 is all laid on fire-proofing. Iron stairways to the left of the main entrance and 
 one passenger elevator furnish people the means of entrance and exit. Two 
 large freight elevators are also provided for the handling of merchandise. 
 
 University of Illinois. — Located at Champaign, 111. Under State super- 
 vision. 
 
 Von Linne Statue, Lincoln Park. — Erected to the memory of Carl von 
 Linne, or Lineaus as the world calls him, an illustrious native of Sweden. 
 The statue is of bronze, of heroic size, on a white marble pedestal, and it 
 overlooks the little common near the foot of Fullerton avenue. The spot is 
 one of the prettiest in the park. The monument is encircled with fine trees 
 f.ndit, looks south over a fine expanse of landscape. It cost the Linnaean 
 Monument Association which built it $22,000, auo is one of the handsomest 
 monuments in the West. The statue was unveiled Ma\ 23d, 1891. 
 
 William, Prince of Orange, Statue — To be erected by the Netherlander of 
 Chicago, who have formed themselves into an organization called " William 
 the Silent Company," with officers as follows: G. Burkhoff, Consul of the 
 Netherlands, President; John Vanderpoel, secretary; A. Vanderkloot, treas- 
 urer; Henri U. Massman, the Rev. B. Debuy, F. H. Cooper, S. Bus, John 
 Defus, James H. Van Vlissengen, H. Pelgriem, the Rev. John Vanderhook, 
 and A. H. Nyland, directors. It is expected the statue will be finished and in 
 position before the opening of the World's Fair. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 417 
 
 Yerkes' Fountain, The. — Among the great attractions for the visitor is 
 the magnificent electric fountain at Lincoln Park, which was presented to 
 the people of Chicago by Mr. C. T. Yerkes, president of the North and West 
 Side street railway companies. This fountain cost in the neighborhood of 
 $50,000, and is the finest of its kind in existence. It is in operation about 
 two hours every pleasant evening during the summer months, and presents 
 an enchanting spectacle to the hundreds of thousands of people who flock to 
 see it. It is as if the colors of a hundred rainbows were concentrated here 
 into one beautiful fountain of prismatic light. Its ever-changing glories 
 compel the coldest of observers to give expression to wonder, amazement 
 and delight. Take N. Clark st. cable line about 7 p. m., during the summer 
 evenings, for main entrance to Lincoln Park and North Clark St., and walk 
 directly east toward the Lake shore. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 There are published in Chicago 24 dailies, 260 weeklies, 36 semi-month- 
 lies, 5 bi-monthlies, and 14 quarterlies, making a total of 531 daily and period- 
 ical newspapers. The fact was disclosed in the last report of the postmaster 
 general that the quantity of newspapers mailed by the publishers at the Chi- 
 cago postofflce equaled the amount mailed at Boston Cincinnati, New Orleans, 
 Buffalo and Baltimore combined, or at St. Louis, Cincinnati, San Francisco, 
 NewOrleansand Baltimore combined, and also at Philadelphia, New Orleans, 
 Baltimore and Cincinnati combined, or in the entire thirteen Southern States, 
 with St. Louis combined, amounting to 20,000,000 pounds of serial matter. 
 The newspapers of Chicago have contributed wonderfully to the growth, to 
 the prosperity and to the fame of the city. To her great dailies is Chicago 
 particularly indebted for the intelligent and wide-spread publicity they have 
 given her at home and abroad. The following are the leading publications: 
 
 Abendpost. — Location of publication office, 203 Fifth avenue; the Abend- 
 post Company proprietors. The Abendpost is a German daily, published at 
 one cent per copy. Its first number appeared on September 2, 18>-9. The 
 publishers were Fritz Glogauer and Wm. Kaufmann, the former being editor 
 and manager, the latter residing in Cleveland, O. From its, original modest 
 office, at 92 Fifth avenue, the paper had to be removed only five months later 
 to more spacious quarters at 181 Washington street, and in March, 1892, to 203 
 Fifth avenue, where it occupies the whole five-story building. When the 
 Abendpost was seven months old the circulation had grown so large that it 
 became necessary to order two Goss printing presses, with a combined capacity 
 of 48,000 four or six-page papers per hour. On December 29, 1890, the 
 Abendpost was transferred to the Abendpost Company, with a capital stock of 
 $100,000. Fritz Glogauer was elected president and treasurer; Julius Gold- 
 zier, secrelary. The Abendpost is entirely independent in politics and appeals 
 to no class or faction. It was successful from the start, and had reached a 
 bona fide circulation of 35,000 on January 1, 1892. More than nine-tenths of 
 the subscribers, at the time stated, resided in the city of Chicago. The Abend- 
 post opens its books to all advertisers who wish to ascertain its circulation. It 
 ascribes the greater part of its financial success to this method of business. 
 
418 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Arbeiter Zeitung. — Location of publication office, 274 W. Twelfth street. 
 A German daily of socialistic proclivities. August Spies, hanged for com 
 plicity in the Haymarket bomb-throwing, was editor of this newspaper at the 
 time of his arrest. A. R. Parsons, also executed, was one of its contributors. 
 It was then the open organ of the anarchistic movement. Since the execution 
 it has fallen into comparative obscurity, although it still has a large circula- 
 tion among the discontents. It is issued by the Socialistic Publishing 
 Society. 
 
 Mail. — Location of publication office, old Herald building, 120 Fifth 
 ave. Joseph Dunlop, editor and publisher. A one-cent evening newspaper. 
 The Mail had its origin in the Chicago Press, founded in 1882, by F. O. Ben- 
 nett; Mr. John J. Curran being associated in its management. The Press 
 passed into the hands of Messrs. Stevens & Dillingham, who changed its name 
 to the Evening Mail. In 1885 the Evening Mail was purchased by the Hatton- 
 Snowden Company, who again changed its title to the Chicago Mail. In 
 1887 it was purchased by the Chicago Mail Company. James J. West being 
 the principal stockholder, and upon the purchase by the latter of the Chicago 
 Times its publication office was removed to the Times building, from which 
 it was issued until it passed under the management and control of Mr. Dun- 
 lop. Originally it was a democratic paper; under the management of the 
 Hatton-Snowden Company and James J. West, it was republican. It is at 
 present an independent publication. 
 
 Press, The Evening. — Established 1891. An independent evening news- 
 paper; price, one cent. 
 
 Daily Globe. — Location of publication office, 118 Fifth ave. Incorporated 
 as Daily Globe Publishing Company. The Daily Globe was founded in 1887 
 by Horace A. Hurlbut, Andrew Matteson, Gen. Walter C. Newberry, Adlai 
 T. Ewing, president of the Iroquois club; Chas. R. Dennett and other influen- 
 tial members of the Times staff under the late Wilbur F. Storey. The Daily 
 Globe continued under this proprietorship until 1890, when it came into the 
 possession of its present editor and publisher, Mr. Harry Wilkinson, who 
 owns the controlling stock. It is a pronounced Democratic newspaper. It is 
 edited with ability, and undei the present management has grown steadily in 
 circulation and prominence until it is now rated among the great dailies of 
 Chicago. This statement can be verified by reference to such prominent news- 
 paper directories as "Rowell," and to that published by Lord & Thomas, of 
 this city. The Daily Globe has taken an active interest in promoting the World's 
 Fair, and is a fearless critic of the conduct of public officials, with the purpose 
 of securing good government. There are daily and Sunday editions printed 
 every morning in the year. 
 
 Daily National Hotel Reporter, The. — Established in Chicago in 1871, and 
 is older by several years than any other paper devoted to the hotel interests. 
 It is an eight-page daily, and contains, in addition to the arrivals at the lead- 
 ing hotels of Chicago, much information of value to hotel-keepers, travelers, 
 merchants and business men generally. The office of the paper, together with 
 the Travelers' and Tourists' Exchange, a bureau of information concerning 
 hotels, winter and summer resorts in the United States, is located at No. 7 
 Monroe street, Chicago. The editor and manager is F. W. Rice. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 419 
 
 Daily News. — Location of publication office, 123 Fifth ave. Founded 
 December 26 1875. An independent newspaper, having three distinct edi- 
 tions daily — the Morning News, the Noon News and the Evening News. 
 The Chicago Daily News Company, proprietors, Victor F. Lawson, 
 editor and publisher. Circulation, daily, 220,000 copies. The found- 
 ers of the Chicago Daily News were Melville E. Stone, Percy R. 
 Meggy and William E. Dougherty. Mr. Dougherty's connection with the 
 enterprise was very brief. Mr. Meggy retired within a year after the found- 
 ing of the paper. Mr. Lawson became practically the sole proprietor of the 
 Daily News upon the retirement of Mr. Meggy, Mr. Stone becoming its edi- 
 tor. The latter, however, after a time became a part owner. His connec- 
 tion with the paper was severed in 1888. Mr. Lawson from the first year of 
 the existence of the Daily News had been its publisher; in other words, its 
 financial and business manager, and the almost phenomenal growth of the 
 newspaper as a property, is largely due to the intelligent direction he has 
 given its business affairs. The Daily News at first occupied simply a cor- 
 ner of the present counting room for its business office, and a small room 
 in the top of the building for the accommodation of its editorial and compo- 
 sition departments. Originally it had a double cylinder Hoe press, with a 
 capacity of 3,000 per hour. This gave place early in the history of the paper 
 to a four cylinder Hoe, of a capacity (afterward doubled by stereotyping) of 
 about 6,000 per hour. In size it was a four-page paper of about nine by 
 twelve inches to the page, and made up after the style of the New York 
 newspaper of the same name. _ It was issued at noon, 3 p. m. and 5 p.m., 
 daily, and contained merely the gist of the news— local, domestic and foreign — 
 without any pretention to amplification. Its editorial was paragraphic, and 
 aimed to compress ideas and opinions into the smallest possible space, in 
 conformity with the general design of the news department, which was to 
 present facts stripped of all surplus verbiage. The price of the paper was 
 oae cent, as it is now, and as pennies were not in general circulation the 
 Daily News was confronted with the double tasK of introducing and popular- 
 izing the smallest unit of American coin. Mr. Stone was an editor of remark- 
 able ability and energy, and every line in the paper was made to sparkle under 
 his direction, yet the enterprise failed to meet with popular support, and at 
 least twice during the first eighteen months of its existence the Daily ^\ews 
 was on the eve of being abandoned as a failure. In the summer of 1887 the 
 great railroad riots occurred, and the Daily News, taking advantage of the 
 opportunity, issued hourly editions, giving the very latest news, perhaps in a 
 line, perhaps in a sentence, concerning the progress of the labor uprising in 
 Chicago, and at other points of disturbance. This was while the paper was 
 still using d four-cylinder press. The press hummed from early morning until 
 late at night; utterly failing, however, to meet the demand. Over 90,000 copies 
 of the Daily News were struck off in a single day during these troublous 
 tiines, two thirdsof which were printed on one side only, it being impossible, in 
 printer's parlance, to "turn the paper." After the riots the circulation fell to 
 less than 20,000 copies daily, but a gain was made of about 10,000. The paper 
 had become known to the people, and from that time on it has continued 
 to prosper, making such remarkable progress in circulation and influence 
 as to have attracted general attention throughout this country. In 1877 
 the Daily News absorbed the Evening Post, into which three years pre- 
 viously the Evening Mail had been merged, thus securing the Associated 
 Press franchise. In 1881 the publication of the morning edition, styled 
 
420 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 " The Morning News 1 * was begun, for which the Associated Press franchise 
 was secured in 1882. Nothing can better serve to illustrate the marvelous 
 growth of the Daily News than the statement of the increase in its circulation 
 from year to year. In 1877 its daily average was 22,037; in 1878, 38,314; 
 in 1879, 45,194; in 1880, 54,801; in 1881, 75,820; in 1882, 88,723; in 1883, 
 99,725; in 1884, 125,178; in 1885, 131,992; in 1886, 152,851; in 1887, 165,376; 
 in 1888, 192,577; in 1889, 222,745; in 1890, 213,871; in 1891, 219,386. At this 
 writing ihe circulation averages about 220,000 a day, and is, with a single 
 exception, the largest daily circulation in America. The Daily News employed 
 about a dozen persons in all capacities in 1877. To-day there are 365 people 
 regularly and exclusively at work in making it, while by its sale thousands of. 
 men, women and children are wholly, or partly," supported. The Daily 
 News has now an equipment of four Hoe quadruple inserting presses, equiv- 
 alent to sixteen of the ordinary single machines, and having a capacity of 
 192,000 eight-page papers per hour. Admission to the press room is some- 
 times granted visitors on application at the counting-room. 
 
 Daily Sun, The. — Published at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 
 111., was established by Harvey L. Goodall, in the year 1868, and is still pub- 
 lished and owned by him. It has a larger circulation in the southern portion 
 of the city, and in the southern territory recently annexed to the city, than 
 any other paper published in Cook county, It is devoted to general and local 
 news, and takes high rank as an advertising medium. It has a bona fide daily 
 circulation of 16,100 copies. 
 
 Dagbladet. — A daily, published at 369 Milwaukee avenue. 
 
 Drovers' Journal, The. — Daily, semi-weekly and weekly editions, the 
 most extensively circulated paper of its kind in existence, was established at 
 the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111., by Harvey L. Goodall, the present 
 publisher and owner, twenty-two years ago. It is the recognized organ of 
 the live-stock trade of the United States, and boasts of a bona fide weekly out- 
 put of 190,500, 
 
 Evening Journal. — Location of publication office, 161 Dearborn st. The 
 Chicago Evening Journal Company, publishers; John R. Wilson, publisher; 
 George G. Martin, managing editor. The oldest newspaper in Chicago. The 
 American was the first daily newspaper published in Chicago, or in the State 
 of Illinois. It was started by William Stewart, April 9, 1839, and the late 
 Judge Buckner S. Morris became its proprietor in 1841. It was discontinued 
 for want of support, October 17, 1842. On the last day of that month, W. W. 
 Brackett, who had been connected with the American, started the Express as 
 its successor. In 1844, at the opening of the presidential campaign of that 
 year, the political friends of Henry Clay formed a joint stock company, 
 bought out the Express and started the Journal as a whig campaign paper, 
 the first number being issued April 22d. The stockholders appointed au 
 editorial committee, consisting of J. Lisle Smith, Wm. H. Brown, George W. 
 Meeker, J. Y. Scammon and Grant Goodrich, to conduct the paper, assisted 
 by Richard L. Wilson and J. W. Norris as office editors and business man- 
 agers. At the close of the campaign, which ended in the defeat of Mr. Clay 
 by James K. Polk, the newspaper office and the paper passed into the hands 
 of Richard L. Wilson, who established it on a permanent basis as an organ of 
 the whig party. Mr. Wilson continued to edit it until he was appointed post- 
 master by President Zachary Taylor, in 1849; and when, with other "Seward 
 whig" officeholders, he was removed by Millard Fillmore, a few months 
 

 # 
 
 d<«i' Si o mrffl 
 
 !ifr 
 
 *j . , ; . 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 421 
 
 subsequently, he resumed the editorship, associating with him his brother, 
 Charles L., the publishing firm being Richard L. and Charles L. Wilson. 
 At the demise of the whig party, the journal became a republican paper, and 
 has continued such until the present time. Richard died in December, 1856. 
 At that time Andrew Shuman was associate editor; George P. Upton, city and 
 commercial reporter, and Benjamin F. Taylor, literary editor. 
 
 Charles L. Wilson became the sole proprietor of the Journal on the death 
 of his brother. In 1861, when Abraham Lincoln became president, and 
 William H. Seward Secretary of State, he was tendered and accepted the 
 appointment of secretary of the American Legation at London. He left the 
 Journal office in charge of John L. Wilson, an elder brother, as publisher, 
 and of Andrew Shuman, as editor. During the years of the War of the Rebel- 
 lion, the Journal prospered famously, and when, in 1864, Charles L. Wilson 
 resigned his official position abroad and returned to resume charge of his 
 newspaper establishment, he found it a very valuable property. His brother, 
 John L., retained his business connection with the office, and Mr. Shuman 
 continued as managing editor. In 1869 John L. retired, and Col. Henry W. 
 Farrar, his son-in-law. who was also Charles L.'s brother in-law, became 
 business manager. The great conflagration of 1871 consumed the 
 Journal office and all its books and materials. But it did not omit a single 
 day's issue. Before the flames which devoured the better part of the city 
 were fairly extinguished the energetic proprietor of the paper, seconded by a 
 force of eiitorial andreportorial assistants, who were as prompt and public- 
 spirited as their employer was resolute, hired the material aud presses of a job 
 office on the west side of the river, and issued an Evening Journal at the 
 usual hour of publication, and it was issued regularly thereafter. In April, 
 1872, the Journal office was removed into a fine new five-story brick build- 
 ing, with a stone front, at 159 and 161 Dearborn street, where it continues to be 
 published to this day. 
 
 In 1875 Charles L. Wilson's health began to fail, and in March, 1878, he 
 died at San Antonio, Texas, whither, accompanied by his wife and infant 
 daughter, he had gone to spend the winter. Before his death he had per- 
 fected a plan for the re-organization of {he Evening Journal as a joint stock 
 company , of which he waspresident, and Henry W. Farrar secretary and busi- 
 ness manager. After his death Mrs Wilson and her daughter, being his sole 
 heirs, became owners of nearly all the stock of the Journal company. Andrew 
 Shuman was elected presideut of the company and remained in editorial 
 control of the paper and Henry W. Farrar (Mrs. Wilson's brother) con- 
 tinued as secretary, treasurer and business manager. On the first of 
 March, 1830, the company leised the newspaper establishment to Andrew 
 Shuman and John Li. VVilson, a nephew of the late proprietor. This part- 
 nership was continued until January 1, 1883, at which time John R. VVilson 
 obtained control of a majority of the stock, the officers then being Andrew 
 Shuman, president; W. K. Sullivan, secretary, and John R. Wilson, treas- 
 urer. On Gov. Shuman's death in May, 1890, W. K. Sullivan was elected 
 president and John R. Wilson secretary and treasurer. 
 
 This is a brief history of the oldest daily newspaper published in Chicago. 
 Its pages are a reflex of the eventful years of its publication. Its columns are 
 chronicles of Chicago's progress from a small frontier village to a great aud 
 progressive city. Fortunately nearly all the bound volumes of the old Am* r- 
 ican, Express and Journal were saved from the tire of 1871, aud some of the 
 most interesting and valuable historical data aud relics of the city are con- 
 

 422 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 tained within their covers. Among those now more or less famous, locally or 
 generally, who have at one time or another been connected with the Journal 
 as writers, are Beujamin F.Taylor, the poet and lecturer; George P. Upton, 
 now of the Tribune's corps of writers; J. C. K. Forest, subsequently of 
 " Long John " Wentworth's Democrat, but now of the Mews; Andre Matteson, 
 Horace White, of the New York Evening Post; 'Henry M. Smith, subsequently 
 city editor of the Tribune; J. H. McVicker, of McVicker's theatre; Prof. 
 Nathan Shepard, a popular lecturer; Paul Selby, editor of the Illinois State 
 Journal, at Springfield, 111.; Prof. J. W. Larrimore, late principal of the 
 Cook county normal school, and now assistant principal of one of our city 
 public schools; Dr. Frank W. Reilly; W. K. Sullivan, late president of the 
 Chicago board of education; Chas. H. Wignall, deceased; John C. Miller, 
 F. F. Browne, and many others. 
 
 Freie Presse — Location of publication office, &0 and 94 Fifth ave. Richard 
 Michael's, editor. The Freie Presse was established in 1871 by Richard 
 Michaelis, its present editor, and has gained during the last two years 8,823 
 daily subscribers. In politics it is independent republican, and has been so 
 since its existence. Its columns teem with the latest and best local and tele- 
 graphic news from all parts of the world, and one of the features especially 
 interesting to the Germans is the large amount of choice and select items of 
 news from all parts of Germany. By virtue of its large circulation, it has become 
 a valuable advertising medium. In addition to daily editions, it also publishes 
 a newsy and interesting weekly edition, and also a Sunday edition, under the 
 name of Daheim, an excellent German Sunday newspaper. It is equipped 
 with a large staff of competent editors and reporters. It claims the largest 
 morning circulations of all German dailies west of New York City. 
 
 OoodalVs Daily Sun. — A daily newspaper published at the Union Stock 
 Yards, and devoted to news of special interest to dealers in live stock. Har- 
 vey L. Goodall, publisher and proprietor. 
 
 Herald. — Location of publication office the Herald building, 154, 
 156 and 158 Washington street, near La Salle street. James W. Scott, 
 publisher. A morning independent, democratic newspaper, published 
 every day in the week. Founded in the spring of 1881, by a stock 
 company, of which James W. Scott was the head. In its earlier years 
 it was an exponent of the idea that a small newspaper containing all 
 of the news in condensed form was best adapted for public convenience 
 and taste, but its greatest success has been achieved since it entered the 
 field occupied by the older journals and vied with them in the magnitude 
 of its daily editions and in the elaborate presentation of news of every 
 description. In 1883, John R. Walsh purchased and still retains a con- 
 trolling interest in the Herald, which is now the most extensively circulated 
 morning paper in the West, with an advertising patronage that is second to 
 none. The Herald has erected a magnificent building for its exclusive use 
 and has supplied it with everything in the way of machinery and other 
 appliances tiiai go to make a first-class newspaper plant. It is printed on 
 ten perfecting presses of the best pattern, having a capacity of more than 
 100,000 copies an hour. Its news service is remarkably comprehensive and 
 complete. In addition to a large local staff , it has correspondents in every 
 county seat throughout the Northwest, and in every city of importance in the 
 entire country. It also maintains branch offices in New York, Washington 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 423 
 
 Milwaukee and Springfield. The Herald was the first Chicago newspaper to 
 use illustrations extensively. It now employs several artists and maintains 
 its own engraving plant, where all of its cuts are manufactured by the zinc- 
 etching process. In politics, while the Herald has not been bound to party, 
 it has been a con istent supporter of the National Democratic organization, 
 inits demand for the reformation and reduction of the protective tariff. The 
 executive staff of the Herald is as follows: Publisher, James W. Scott; man- 
 aging editor, H. W. Seymour; night editor, Charles G. Seymour; city editor, 
 S. P. Browne; business manager, 8. G. Sea. 
 
 New Building of Chicago Herald. — There is probably not another 
 building devoted to the publication of a newspaper in the world equalling it in 
 magnificence, and certainly there is none other in which so much attention 
 has been given to completeness of detail. On entering the imposing count- 
 ing room, the visitor will at once notice 'the fine Italian stone mosaic with 
 which the floor is hand inlaid, the counter of black Belgian marble, surmounted 
 with black iron, wrought in graceful designs, and the sixteen columns of 
 genuine Sienna marble; also the Italian marble wainscoting. They will also 
 be interested in the working of the automatic tubes, which convey advertising 
 matter to the composing room and news matter to the editorial floor. Passing 
 four long distance telephones, entrance is had to the visitor's gallery, over- 
 looking ten Titanic presses. Next in point of interest is the composing room, 
 to which the visitor ascends in either of the two great elevators, framed in 
 handwrougbt iron, and which travel up a shaft walled from top to bottom 
 with the finest Italian marble. The walls of the composing room are white 
 enafmeled, and it is finished throughout in marble, iron and oak. Even the 
 type stands are of iron, with the Monogram of Ihe Herald wrought in gold in 
 each, and there are cases for 180 men on straight composition, to say nothing 
 of those employed on advertising copy. Electric calls at each case connect 
 with the copy-box, in the front of which is a perforated peg rack where are 
 assorted slugs, numbered on both sides for every compositor, and by which 
 the coppy cutter tells at a glance what and how many men are working on 
 "time" copy. An ariel railway takes advertising copy from the copy -box to 
 the "Ad" department, and the proof from thence to the proof-readers. Elec- 
 tric call speaking tubes connect the principal departments of the building. 
 The foreman's office is on an elevated platform, from which he can survey his 
 entire force. Every compositor has a clothes locker, and the marble closets 
 are unsurpassed in elegance by those of any hotel. Filtered ice water, with 
 a solid silver, gold-lined drinking cup, a restaurant finished in marble and 
 oak, and provided with reading tables and library, are other provisions for the 
 compositors. Four hundred electric lights illuminate this department, ad- 
 joining which is the stereotyping room with its two-ton metal pot, improved 
 mniling machine, matrix drying and matrix trimming machines. A Turkish 
 bath and marble walled toilet room is one of the luxuries afforded to the 
 workers in this room. 
 
 The editorial floors occupy the fourth and fifth floors. An electric call 
 on the desk of each reporter connects with the city editor's desk, and electric 
 call speaking tube connections communicate with the principals throughout 
 the building. The editorial rooms cluster around a commodious library, and 
 in the telegraph room specially designed desks enclose typewriters and instru- 
 ments for twelve operators. The art department contains a photo-engraving 
 plant, complete in every detail, and run by electric motors. The apartments 
 
424 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 of the publisher of The Herald are probably the most luxurious offices in the 
 world. Telegraphic instruments of sterling s'lver, for his especial use, con- 
 nect with all the wires operated by the United Press, as well as those used by 
 The Herald; the electric call speaking tubes are of silver, as also are the 
 electric light fittings. The timbeied ceilings, the seven foot wainscoting, and all 
 the furnishings of the room are of solid mahogany, and the walls above the 
 wainscoting are encrusted with matrices of The Herald. In the anteroom is 
 a long distance, portable desk telephone, which is the most complete instrument 
 of its kind ever made. 
 
 A.s a souvenir each visitor to The Herald Building receives a photograv- 
 ure of the mediaeval Herald, which, cast in bronze, ornaments the facade of the 
 building. This Sta'ue alone cost several thousand dollars, and three large bas- 
 reliefs, illustrating the progress of printing, add still further to the striking 
 architecture of the building, which Js so conspicuous a landmark of Wash- 
 ington street. The building has been erected for the newspaper business, and 
 not for tenants; it embodies the result of eleven years of popularity with the 
 great newspaper reading public of Chicago and the Northwest. 
 
 Illinois Staats Zeitung. — Location of publication office, northeast corner 
 of Washington st. and Fifth avu. Founded in the spring of 1848. A daily 
 morning newspaper, printed in the German language. The Staats Zeitung 
 Company, proprietors. William Rapp, editor; Washington Hesing. man- 
 aging editor The founder of the Illinois Staats Zeitung was Robert Hoeff- 
 gen, who invested in the enterprise $200. Mr. Hoeffgen was assisted by an 
 apprentice who received seventy -five cents per week. In those days it was 
 incumbent upon the proprietor of a newspaper, not only to direct the general 
 management, but to do nearly, if not all, the work. At first the newspaper 
 appeared as a weekly. The editor and proprietor collected advertisements 
 and solicited subscriptions, set his own type, ran his own presses, and, having 
 completed his paper indoors, started out on the street with his entire edition 
 under his arm and distributed the same to his subscribers In the fall of 
 1848. Dr. Hellmuth then being the editor, the Illinois Staats Zeitung was the 
 only German newspaper in the United States to discover in the Buffalo plat- 
 form the principles upon which afterward was founded the Republican 
 party. The County of Cook gave Yan Buren a majority of 1,200, no little 
 credit of which was due to the Illinois Staats Zeitung for its stanch and 
 unswerving advocacy of the principles laid down in that campaign. After 
 the presidential election Arnold Voss was the editor. He was succeeded in 
 1849 by Herman Kriesre, and in 1850 Dr. Hellmuth again assumed the edi- 
 torial management. Under his charge the paper appeared twice a week 
 until 1851, when George Schneider became connected with the paper, and 
 changed it into a daily, with 70 subscribers, its weekly list being only a little 
 over 200. Iu 1853 the circulation of the Illinois Staats Zeitung increased to 
 over 500, which necessitated the employment of three carriers. In 1854 the 
 number of subscribers had increased to 800. George Hill Gaertner was at 
 this time associated with George Schneider. As the Illinois Staats Zeitung 
 was the first German newspaper to discover the cardinal principles of the 
 Republican party in the Buffalo platform, so it was the first to oppose the 
 Nebraska bill and to begin the determined opposition to Douglas. It was 
 mainly instrumental in leading the Germans into the Republican party, and 
 in 1856 was using its utmost endeavors in behalf of Fremont. In that ever 
 memorable campaign between_ Lincoln and Douglas in 1858, no pager did 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 425 
 
 more for the success of Mr. Lincoln than did the Illinois Staats Zeitvng 
 From this time on began to develop the influence of the Illinois Staats 
 Zeitung, which has been ever felt in the Common Council, the Legislature, 
 but especially in political campaigns in Cook County, for more than once has 
 it been opposed by the entire Anglo-American press, but yet has carried the 
 day. In 1861 William Rapp became the editor of the Illinois Staats Ztitung. 
 In the same year Mr. Lorenz Brentano bought out Mr. Hoeffgen's interest 
 and assumed the editorial management In the fall of that year Mr. George 
 Schneider sold his interest to Mr. A. C. Hesing. Messrs. Brentano and Hesing 
 were associated together until 1867, when Mr. A. C. Hesing purchased Mr. 
 Brentano's interest. In this year Mr. Herman Raster assumed the editorial man- 
 agement, which position he filled until his death in July, 1890. The great fire of 
 1871 claimed the Illinois Staats Zeitung as one of its victims. Its Joss was 
 total, yet it was among the first of the Chicago dailies to appear, and that too 
 within forty-eight hours after the fire had ceased. Preparations were soon 
 made for permanent quarters. On the 10th of March, 1873, its present mag- 
 nificent structure was completed and occupied. The cost of the same, with 
 michinery, presses, etc., amounted to nearly $300,000. The Illinois Staats 
 Zeitung of to day is among the German newspapers, second only to the New 
 York Staats Zeitung in wealth and circulation, while in ability, in power and 
 in influence it is not equaled, much less surpassed, by any German news- 
 paper of the United States. The combined circulation of the editions of the 
 Illinois Staats Zeitung amount to over 97.000, being larger than that of any 
 German newspaper published west of the Alleghany mountains. 
 
 Inter Oceaji, The. — Location of publication office, northwest corner of 
 Madison and Dearborn streets. The Inter-Ocean Company, proprietors. Wil- 
 liam Penn Nixon, editor. H. H. Kohlsaat, publisher. In 1861 the late 
 James W. Shehan founded the Morning Post. In 1865 the Post franchise 
 was purchased by the Republican Company, at the head of which was 
 Charles A. Dana, at present editor of the New York Sun. Previous to 
 the great fire of 1871 the Republican was conducted by Joseph B. McCul- 
 lagh, at present editor of the St. Louis Globe- Democrat. After the great 
 fire of 1871 ttiere was little left of the Republican except its franchise, 
 which was purchased by the late J. Young Scammon, then a banker, 
 and one of the leading citizens of Chicago; who, on March 25, 1872, 
 founded the Inter-Ocean. The republicanism of the initial number of the 
 Inter Ocean was of the most stalwart order, the proprietor indicating the spirit 
 of the paper in the crisp declaration, " Independent in nothing; republicanin 
 everything;." Mr. Scammon went into the enterprise with characteristic zeal 
 and energy, and calling to his assistance a number of practical and experienced 
 men, soon made the Inter Ocean a political power, not only in the city and 
 State, but throughout the Northwest. Its radical republicanism and devo- 
 tion to the party it professed to represent were made so manifest during the 
 presidential campaign of 1872, that it at once secured an influence in the party 
 not equaled by many journals of longstanding. The erratic course of other 
 journals claiming to be republican also contributed much to the success of the 
 new venture, and tne circulation of the paper increased rapidly Mr. Scam- 
 mon continued to be the sole proprietor of the Inter Ocean until the spring 
 of 1873, when Frank W. Palmer, of Des Moines, Iowa, bought a large interest 
 and became editor-in-chief. Under his management the paper prospered 
 
426 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 until the panic of 1873 prostrated the affairs of the country and caused the finan 
 cial embarrassment of Mr. Scamrnon, the principal proprietor. In the fall of 
 1875 the corporation, under pressure of a large indebtedness, was compelled 
 to sell the paper to a new organization. The transfer brought the, Inter Ocean 
 under the control of William Penn Nixon, who had been for some years the 
 business manager. Notwithstanding the great depression of the times, the 
 paper was put on a firm footing by the infusion of new capital, the intro- 
 duction of ne w machinery, and entered upon a new era of prosperity. Through 
 all iis vicissitudes the Inter Ocean maintained its political integrity. The 
 weekly Inter Ocean has a circulation varying from 90,000 to 140,000 copies. 
 Postage on the Inter Ocean for the year 1890 was $13,379.77. The Inter 
 Ocean is printed on perfecting presses of the Scott & Bullock patterns and was 
 the first paper in the country to perfect and use a folder, machinery for 
 cutting and folding and pasting. Until May 1, 1880, the Inter Ocean was 
 published at 119 Lake street. The establishment was then moved to more 
 commodious and convenient quarters at 85 Madison street. In 1890 the Inter 
 Ocean moved into its present handsome structure. The new building is 
 arranged to meet the requirements of every department of a great metro- 
 politan paper. 
 
 Listy. — A Bohemian daily newspaper, founded in 1883, and published at 
 362 W. Eighteenth st. 
 
 Post — Publication office, 164 and 166 Washington st. The Chicago 
 Evening Post Company proprietors. James W. Scott, president; C. Mc- 
 Auliff, managing editor; A. F. Portman, business manager. The Evening 
 Post issued its first number on Tuesday, April 29, 1890, from temporary 
 quarters at 128 and 130 Fifth avenue. It came into the world a complete 
 newspaper of eight pages, and at once assumed a place and clientage of its 
 own. In January, 1891, it moved into its entirely new and commodious 
 quarters, The Evening Post building, 164 and 166 Washington St., a hand- 
 some, modern structure, especially constructed by and for the Evening Post. 
 Tne building has a frontage of 40 feet on Washington street, and extends 175 
 feet back to Calhoun Place, having light on three sides and from a roomy 
 court. The counting room and publication office occupy the ground floor, 
 and the editorial rooms the upper floors. In the basement are six Scott 
 presses each with a capacity of 15,000 an hour. Each department is 
 equipped with the most modern devices for speed, accuracy and convenience. 
 Tne Evening Post is independent in politics as in all other things. It is pre- 
 eminently a newspaper. Direct wires connect its office with Washington, 
 New York, Springfield and other news centers, and carry day by day a 
 larger telegraph service than was ever before attempted by an afternoon 
 paper. 
 
 The Evening Post is especially, aside from its news features, noted for the 
 fullness and accuracy of its commercial and financial reports, its intelligence, 
 of sjciety and women, its art, musical and theatrical features, itssportingintelli- 
 gence and fori s wealth of literary and miscellaneous matter. Its numerous 
 illustrations are easily among the best printed in the daily papers of the world. 
 They find a handsome setting in the typographical beauties of the paper's 
 well printed pages. In spite of a continually increasing pressure upon its 
 columns by advertisers, the Evening Post has refused to exceed its limit of 
 eight pages. In that space it finds room to give a daily summary of the 
 affairs of the world, in form at once complete and readable. The apprecia- 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 427 
 
 tion of Chicago people for such service is attested by the growing circulation 
 of the Evening Post, which, within a year of its birth, exceeded that of any 
 other paper in Chicago, with the possible exception of two, and which has 
 been rapidly increasing ever since. 
 
 Skandinaven, The. — Location of publication office, the Skandinaven 
 Building, 183, 185 and 187 N. Peoria street, West Side. Take Milwaukee 
 avenue cable line, or Indiana street horse car to Peoria. John Anderson 
 company, publishers. John Anderson, president; Franklin S Anderson, 
 secretary; L. J. Lee, treasurer. Franklin S. Anderson, Business manager; 
 Peter Hendrickson, A. M., Ph. D., editor in chief. Founded in 1866 by 
 John Anderson and Knud Langlmd; present issues: Daily Skandinaven, four 
 to ten pages; Sunday Skandinaven, eight to twelve pages; Weekly Scandinaven, 
 twelve to sixteen pages; Bi-Weekly Skandinaven (European Edition) no adver- 
 tisements, ten columns quarto; monthly, the Husbibliothek ( " Home Library") 
 a high-class literary and family periodical; forty-two pages. The Skandinaven 
 was at its birth a four-page weekly paper. It remained a weekly till after the 
 great fire of 1871, when a daily issue was commenced, which has been con- 
 tinued without interruption to the present time. Its earliest editor, Mr. Knud 
 Langland (now deceased), was one of the ablest Skandinavian journalists of 
 his times and did much towards popularizing the paper and extending its influ- 
 ence and usefulness. He, however, remained a partner of Mr. Anderson but 
 a short time, and the work of building up the property and placing it upon the 
 solid basis which it occupies to-day devolved entirely upon the latter. The 
 Scandinaven passed through all the trials and troubles incident to the estab- 
 lishment of a newspaper, but, though in a small way at the beginning, made 
 steady gains, and early in the seventies began to command credit, respect and 
 circulation. To-day it has a larger circulation than any other paper printed 
 in the Scandinavian language in this country. Mr. Anderson, the head 
 of the establishment, was brought to Chicago by his parents in 1845. Learn- 
 ing the printing business he became connected with the Chicago Tribune 
 and set type for that paper when it was a very small and humble sheet. 
 He is, therefore, a practical newspaper man, and his knowledge of the 
 art of printing extended at an early age beyond the newspaper composing 
 room. The "result of this has been the building up of a job .printing 
 establishment in connection with the Scandinaven which in many ways 
 ranks above some of the most pretentious in the country. The Scandinaven 
 job department, for instance, will accept English copy and turn it out 
 in Scandinavian (which means Norwegian, Danish or Swedish), German, 
 French, Spanish, Italian. Bohemian or Polish type. All matter is 
 translated (except, perhaps, high class books) in its composing room. The 
 work thus produced includes commercial pamphlets, catalogues, circulars, etc. 
 From this department, also, is issued in Norwegian a large number of original 
 works and reprints. The John Anderson Company publishes about twenty- 
 five new books annually. Popular American and foreign works are either 
 translated entire or adapted for Scandinavian readers. In addition to this, the 
 house is the largest importer of Skandinavian books in the United States. The 
 bindeiy is in itself one of the most important depaitments, and very hand- 
 some editions are produced in paper, cloth and more expensive covers. The 
 practical knowledge of Mr. Anderson has been felt in the press room as well. 
 The entire basement of the building (with the exception of a portion given 
 over to the storage of paper, which the firm purchases in large quantities, 
 being one of the heaviest consumers in the city, is occupied wih machinery 
 
428 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 of the latest pattern and most modern devices. The facilities of the con- 
 cern for turning out large jobs are not inferior to any in the city. Mr. Ander- 
 son's ideas have naturally made themselves felt upon the editorial course of the 
 Skandinaven and its allied publication. He was an Abolitionist and Free 
 Soiler in his young manhood, and when it was a crime to oppose the slave 
 element. He has always been a staunch republican. He believes in clean 
 journalism and clean politics, and the moral tone of the Skandinaven has 
 always been maintained at the highest. There are inthe northwest to-day fully 
 250,000 Skandinavians. As a rule they are an educated, thrifty, economical 
 and progressive people. While many cling to the cities, and occupy positions 
 of honor among the commercial classes in Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis 
 and other centers, the great majority have agricultural tastes, and some of the 
 finest farms in the northwest are owned and operated by them. To these 
 people the daily or weekly editions of the Skandinaven bring the news. 
 From the Skandinaven they obtain the drift of current opinion, 
 while it keeps them acquainted with the world's doings in 
 every department of human activity. The Husbibliothek monthly brings 
 them literary contributions , and discusses matters of interest to the house- 
 holder, the farmer, the housewife and the young people. Naturally they go 
 to the Skandinavian printing house also for the more permanent character of 
 reading matter, and hence the large book trade of the company. People who 
 want to talk to the Skandinavians of the great Northwest, talk to them 
 through one or the other of the editions of the Skandinaven, and the advertis- 
 ing patronage enjoyed by the company is very extensive and profitable. 
 Prof. Peter Hendrickson, the editor-in-chief, who, with five assistants, con- 
 ducts the literary, news and general departments of these publications, was 
 for sixteen years an honored member of the faculty of Beloit college, and 
 retired from that position to assume his present responsible duties. He is not 
 only a ripe, but a versatile scholar, and his pen commands the English, 
 Scandinavian, German and French languages with equal facility. His work 
 has given tone to the pages of the Skandinaven. He is a tireless worker. 
 No English journalist can conceive the daily task which confronts 
 the editor of a great Skandinavian newspaper in this country. Everything 
 must be translated that is not originally written in English. Everything 
 must be condensed also. Everything must be adapted to the taste of the 
 Skandinavian reader as well. The shears and paste-pot play a very unim- 
 portant part in the day's labor. Prof. Hendrickson and his assistants are at 
 their desks early and late, and the wonder is that they ever find time to 
 devote to other and pleasanter literary labor. Mr. Frank Anderson, the 
 business manager, took a three-term course at the Madison university and 
 commenced as an apprentice in the establishment, going through all the 
 departments, and attaining a proficiency in the business. 
 
 The Skandinaven building (see illustration) is a structure 60x118, 3 
 stories and basement, of modern design and substantial construction. 
 
 Times. — Location of publication office, northwest corner of "Washington 
 st. and Fifth ave. The Chicago Times Company, proprietors. Founded in 
 1854 as a democratic party paper — more especially as a personal and political 
 organ of Senator Douglas. It was continued with varied fortunes and by 
 different owners as a democratic paper, representing the different factions of 
 the party, until 1861, when it was purchased by Wilbur F. Storey. During 
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 been legitimately sustained for a single week, having relied upon party con- 
 tributions for sustenance. Not having been in any true sense a newspaper, 
 it had not acquired more than a meager circulation, and its advertising pat- 
 ronage was of small account. When purchased by Mr. Storey it had been 
 for some time conducted at a loss of hundreds of dollars per week, its last 
 owner having been Mr. Cyrus H. McCor.nick, and it was not until the lapse 
 of some months that Mr. Storey was enabled to bring it up to the condition 
 of a remunerative newspaper. During Mr. Storey's management it became 
 one of the leading independent democratic newspapers of the country. It 
 bolted the democratic party in the famous Greelev campaign, and though 
 leaning strongly to that party always, during Mr. Storey's lifetime, it 
 occupied a position of independence which frequently embarrassed the 
 democratic managers, National, State and loc^l. In 1879 Wilbur F. 
 Storey's health began to give away, and from that time until his death, in 
 1884, the newspaper which he had so ably managed sank gradually into a 
 condition of mediocrity. Upon his death the progeny was placed in the 
 hands of a receiver, and for over three years, or until the winter of 1887, it 
 lost heavily in circulation and business, the ownership of the property being 
 involved in law-suits between the widow and heirs at law of Mr. Storey. On 
 the 24th of December, 1887, the Chicago Times newspaper, appurtenances 
 ami building passed into the control of James J. West, who organized the 
 Chicago Times Company, which ultimately became the proprietor and pub- 
 lisher of the paper. From that time on new life was infused into the Times 
 newspaper, and it began to assume something of its old time vigor. The 
 price being reduced at first from five to three cents, and afterward to two 
 cents, its circulation grew rapidly, and its advertising patronage increased. 
 In the summer of 1889 litigation arose among the stockholders, which 
 resulted in the sale of the paper, in September, 1891, to Mr. H. J. Huiscamp, 
 who sold it the following October to " The Newspaper Company," a close 
 corporation with Hon. Carter H. Harrison as general manager and editor. In 
 his salutatory to the public the new editor pledged that " The Times would 
 be a first-class newspaper, democratic in principles, but not a slave to party. 
 That it would be no man's organ and would have no hobbies to ride and no 
 axes to grind." The paper is now free from all former complications, owes 
 no debts, has abundant financial backing, and bids fair to attain to its former 
 prosperity. The force of Mr. Harrison's personality is evident in every edi- 
 tion of the paper. The make-up has been greatly improved. It is plain 
 ihat theie is a better apiiit in the office that at any time since Mr. James J. 
 West was in crntrol, and that men are at the heads of departments who 
 understand the wants of the public and know something of the means 
 employed to meet them. Mr. Harrison was four times elected Mayor of 
 Chicago. He is a man of culture and of experience in the ways of life, home 
 and abroad. 
 
 Tribune. — Location of publication office, southeast corner of Madison and 
 Dearborn sts. The Chicago Tribune Company, proprietors. Joseph Medill, 
 editor-in-chief. The Chicago Tribune is a daily newspaper, with every equip- 
 ment necessar}^ to the successful conduct of a great journal. It has the 
 advantages of age and experience, and the means to present to the public 
 the fullest and most reliable information of events transpiring in the 
 world. Its building, erected after the great fire of 1871, on the site of 
 the former structure, was planned and completed for the home of a great 
 
430 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 newspaper. There is no facility lacking. Its presses, manufactured 
 to order, combine the very latest improvements, and have the speed necessary 
 to supply any demand that may arise. In every department where mechan- 
 ics are important, the Tribune is unsurpassed. In its arrangements for the 
 collection of news the Chicago Tribune acknowledges no superior in its pro- 
 fession. Its correspondents, many of whom have a national reputation for 
 their intimate knowledge of, and prominence in, political and social affairs, 
 are under instruction to deliver to the Tribvne, up to the latest hour in every 
 morning of the year, impartial and full reports of every event, regardless of 
 expense. Its financial reports are relied upon by bankers, capitalists and opera- 
 tors; its record of occurrences at home makes it afamily daily; its political and 
 literary features are among theablestand most discriminating in the country. 
 The history of a great newspaper, like the Chicago Tribune, is of interest, not 
 only in its own country, but to the people of the world who will be in Chicago 
 during the next few months, and to whom the Tribune, through the editor of 
 this work, extends a welcome invitation to make an inspection of its building 
 and the operations necessary to the making up a complete record of the daily 
 " map of life." The first number of the Chicago Tribune was issued on the 
 tenth day of June, 1847, iu the third story of a building on the corner of Lake 
 and La Salle sts. One room was sufficient for its humble beginnings. Its 
 founders were James Kelly, John E. Wheeler, Joseph K. C. Forrest and 
 Thomas A; Stewart. The history of the paper from that time until 1854 is one 
 of trials. The town of Chicago was in its swaddling clothes; people were 
 poor: facilities for gathering news were few and oftentimes there were none 
 at all. In 1854, two important events in the history of the Tribune had 
 occurred. One was the issuing of a tri-weekly, the other the publication of 
 Associated Press dispatches, which association the Tribune assisted in organ- 
 izing, and of which it remains a member. 
 
 Up to this time, several changes had taken place in the proprietary interests 
 and management of the Tribune. It was about this time that Mr. Joseph 
 Medill, now editor-in-chief and principal owner, came to Chicago from Cleve- 
 land, O., and purchased an interest in the Tribune. In 1855 he became manag- 
 ing editor and business managerand organized a staff. It was at this time that 
 the Chicago Tribune commenced to assume the features of a metropolitan 
 daily newspaper. The old press, previously operated by hand, was removed 
 to make room for a steam-power press. From that day until the present, the 
 standing question in the Tribune office has been, "How can we get more 
 presses and faster to reach the daily increasing circulation?" In 1858 the 
 Tribune absorbed the Democratic Pnss of this city and for a while the paper 
 was issued as the Press and Tribune. 
 
 In 1860 the name of the paper was restored, and in 1861, under an act of 
 the legislature, the Tribune Company was incorporated with a capital of 
 $200,000, the principal stockholders being J. L. Scripps, William Bross, 
 Charles H. Ray, Joseph Medill and Alfred Cowles. 
 
 Mr. Medill became editor in-chief in 1874, and has had the controlling 
 interest since. It is under his administration that the paper has reached its 
 present extraordinary success. In 1871 occurred the fire which forms one of 
 the pages of the world's history. On the night of the 8th of October in that 
 year, one-half of the Tribune had been printed. [This was before the present 
 system of printing an entire paper at once was known.] The facts, incidents 
 and other data of the fire had been written and sent to the composing room. 
 
 ! 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 431 
 
 But before the hour of going to press the flames had reached the Tribune 
 buildings and driven out every occupant. It was soon in ruins, but two days 
 later the Tribune reappeared. 
 
 The greatness of the Tribune was thus shown in its resources. Its home 
 was in a?hes Monday night. On the following Wednesdayit had reappeared. 
 Mr. Medill procured a temporary building on Canal St., near Randolph, and 
 the paper was issued from there Wednesday morning, with a very full 
 account of the greatest fire in the history of conflagrations. 
 
 In exactly one year from that date the Tribune had completed its present 
 building: and moved into it. It required something more than money to 
 accomplish these wonders. This something the Tribune still retains and 
 it is that which has caused the daily circulation to travel upward from 2,240 
 in 1855, to more than 90,000 in 1891, and which has made it one of the greatest 
 advertising mediums in the whole country. 
 
 It is not necessary to enlarge upon the history of the Tribune. The 
 project of the World's Columbian Exposition was in part one of the sugges- 
 tions of its editor and to its completeness he has contributed most valuable 
 service and counsel. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS— WEEKLY AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 Among the weekly publications of Chicago there are many which rank 
 with the best in the country. These, together with other publications of a 
 general character, are mentioned below: 
 
 Adoance. — Published by the Advance Publishing Company, 153 and 
 155 La Salle street, is the representative of the Congregational denomination 
 for the Interior and West. Its first number was published in 1867. The 
 Kev. W. W. Patton, D D., afterward president of Howard University, was 
 its first editor, and the material interests were looked after by a syndicate 
 composed of some prominent Congregational laymen of Chicago. This 
 regime was succeeded a few years later by an editorial management con- 
 ducted by General Chas. H. Howard and Rev. DeWitt Talmage, of New 
 York. The firm of C H. Howard & Co. were the publishers. In 1882 
 the Advance Publishing Company was organized and Rev. Robert West was 
 elected editor and business manager, which position he held until his death. 
 Upon the death of Mr. West, the management was assumed by the present 
 grovernn.ent: Mr. H. S. Harrison, editor and manager; Rev. Dr. F. A. 
 Noble, Rev. Dr. Simeon Gilbert and Rev. J. A. Adams, editorial staff. Dr. 
 Noble has since been succeeded by president Chas. F. Thwing, of Western 
 Reserve University. 
 
 Banner of Gold, The.— Published at 296 Dearborn street. A weekly 
 paper of 16 pages, illustrated by the best artists, printed upon heavy super- 
 ctleiidared paper, with a handsomely ornamented cover in old gold. It is 
 e lited by Colonel N. A. Reed, Jr., and Charles Eugene Banks, both old and 
 well-known newspaper men. Among its leading contributors are Opie Read, 
 Stanley Waterloo, John J. Flinn, Dr. Leslie E. Keeley, Martha Howe David- 
 son, LeRoy Armstrong, John McGovern and other popular writers. While 
 the Banner of Gold is the organ of the bi-chloride of gold clubs, and gives 
 
432 UIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 much space to their interests, it occupies a wide literary and artistic field. It 
 takes a high moral stand upon all questions of public interest. It advocates 
 all measures for uplifting humanity, and in every respect is a family news- 
 paper of superior excellence. The subscription price is $2.00 per annum, in 
 advance. 
 
 Brainard's Musical World. — Location of publication office, 145-147 Wab- 
 ash ave. The S. Brainard's Sous Company publishers. A valuable magazine 
 for people of musical taste and culture and for professionals. Numbers 
 among its contributors some of the best writers on musical subjects in the 
 country. Subscription price, $1.50 per annum. 
 
 Chicago Dramatic Journal. — The Chicago Dramatic Journal is the suc- 
 cessor of ttie Chicago Theatrical & Sporting Journal, which was established 
 by Adams & Corbitt in June, 1882. The paper as originally printed was 
 in newspaper form of six columns to the page, eight pages, and for five years 
 had an average circulation of ten thousand copies per week. At this time 
 the paper was incorporated under the title of the F. B. Adams Publishing 
 Company, with a capital stock of $10,000, the form and title of the pub- 
 lication changed to that of The Sporting Journal, and in form made a quarto 
 sheet of twelve pages, four columns to the page, printed on fine paper and 
 richly embellished with engravings of prominent professional people. In 
 this manner the paper was continued until February 2, 1891, when the pub- 
 lication and its good will was purchased by Hunt & Jenney, the paper 
 increased in size to sixteen pages, and the name changed to that of the 
 Chicago Dramatic & Sporting Journal. Hunt & Jenney continued together 
 in its publication for seveu months, when Eugene Hunt purchased the 
 interest of Mr. Jenney, becoming sole proprietor of the paper, and in his 
 hands the word " Sporting" was eliminated from the title as well as from the 
 matter and make-up. The work of reconstruction was thorough in every 
 department, the desire being to make The Journal a representative, high- 
 class dramatic publication. This has steadily increased in influence and 
 circulation, and to-day stands prominent among the publications of its class 
 in America. It is handsomely printed, and is in every respect a model 
 Dramatic sheet. It is centrally located and has pleasant, cosy offices in the 
 Chicago Opera House Block. 
 
 Chicago Eagle, The. — Established in 1889 as an independent political news- 
 paper. It is devoted exclusively to politics, and is extensively read, not only 
 in Chicago, but throughout Illinois and the Northwest. It has a regular 
 weekly circulation of over 22,000, and has been a financial success from the 
 start. Henry F. Donovan is the proprietor and editor. The Eagle enjoys an 
 advertising patronage second to no weekly in Chicago. It is very popular 
 with all people taking an interest in politics. Price (subscription), $2 per 
 year. 
 
 Citizen, The— A. weekly newspaper devoted to American and Irish inter- 
 ests, was established by Hon. John F. Finerty on Saturday, Jan. 14, 1882, 
 and has consequently entered on its eleventh year. In politics it is indepen- 
 dent, and, although friendly to the Catholic idea, it is entirely a secular paper. 
 It believes in the union of all races and creeds for the common good ; believes 
 also in a stalwart foreign policy for America ; is a protectionist in principle, 
 and an unswerving advocate of the independence of Ireland. It has a largo 
 constituency throughout the Union and Canada, but particularly in the North- 
 wjstern Slates. 
 
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 
 DEARBORN ST.— THE lk JOURNAL " AND STOCK EXCHANGE BUILDINGS 
 
 [See " Newspapers" and "■Exchanges."] 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. £33 
 
 Credit Company, The.— Officers in the Pontiac Building. This company 
 has achieved such marked and deserved recognition throughout the United 
 States and Canada, by reison of the efficient character of its publications, 
 as to become of special interest to bankers, commercial houses, attorneys, or 
 any one doing business through correspondents. Its annual bank directory, 
 '" The Bankers and Attorney's Register," is generally recognized as a model of 
 arrangement, compilation and authenticity, not only bearing the indorsement 
 of the United States treasury department, but also the stamp of patronage 
 from every city, north, south, east and west. In addition to its adoption as 
 a bank directory of the most recent and authentic compilations, it also lies 
 upon the counters of business houses for ready reference in the issuance of 
 drafts or other correspondence with banks, or for the purpose of claims, giv- 
 ing a system of guaranteed collections, embracing carefully selected attorneys 
 in every city and town. The Banker's and Attorney's Register is supplemented 
 by the Credit Review, a monthly review of the financial and business world, 
 an epitome of the experience and opinions of leaders in finance, commerce, 
 and trade generally. The circulation of there publications is not confined to 
 anyone section, but is as general as is the distribution of trade and commerce 
 throughout the United States and Canada. 
 
 When one considers the ever-changing condition of banks, their officers, 
 capitalization and profits, their organization in both new and old territory, 
 some approximate idea may be had of the enormous mails, correspondence 
 and reports necessary for the successful and accurate compilation of these 
 works, to date of each issue. Not to speak of the machinery of publication, 
 and afterward of the selection and equipment of reliable agents who shall 
 distribute, renewing with regular patronage, and introducing with new 
 throughout the land. 
 
 Economist The. — Location of publication office, 59 Dearborn street. 
 Clinton B. Evans, editor. A weekly financial, commercial and real estate 
 newspaper, with intermediate issues whenever any great event in its field 
 demands. It is the only newspaper in Chicago making a specialty of the 
 money and security markets, grain and provisions and real estate, and has 
 had an exceptionally successful career. It is the authority on the subjects of 
 which it treats, and has a large circulation in Chicago and elsewhere. The 
 bankers, brokers, capitalists, real estate owners and dealers, intelligent mer- 
 chants and students of finance in Chicago are, almost without exception, 
 among its readers, and it has a good and rapidly growing'circulation at other 
 points in this country, as well as in London, England, whose financiers look 
 to it ftfr a considerable part of their information on such American business 
 affairs as they are interested in. The Economist, employing recognized 
 experts for its various classes of work, and spending money freely, is pretty 
 sure to get the best there is in the line of new r s and comment. The financial 
 and commercial interests of Chicago are growing so rapidly that an abundance 
 of capital and enterprise are required to keep a newspaper abreast of the times. 
 The Economist Publishing Company, w'nich owns the Economist, seems to 
 possess both of these requisites in abundance. 
 
 The Economist publishes weekly a leading article enlitled " The Business 
 Situation," which sets forth the condition of "business affairs the world over; 
 a full descriptive and statistical department under the head of "Grain and 
 Provisions;" an instructive page or more on " Money and Securities in Chi- 
 cago;" a review of the New York stock market ; and an elaborate presentation of 
 
434 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 the real estate news of Chicago and vicinity, often taking up ten pages or 
 more. A Life Insurance department is one of the more recent features. It is 
 under the supervision of one of the ablest writers on that subject in the 
 United States. In addition, there are articles each week on important eco- 
 nomic subjects written by the most capable experts. 
 
 The Economist, although started as recently as October, 1888, has reached 
 a very high position among American publications. 
 
 Farmers Review, The. — Publication office, suite 1102 and 1103 Owings 
 building; Messrs. Hannibal H. Chandlar & Co., proprietors; established in 
 1878. It is published every Wednesday, and presents to its readers a large 
 amount of practical information in the smallest possible space. Its market 
 lepoits are full; its departments of agriculture, horticulture, stock, dairy, 
 poultry and apiary, contain articles of a practical nature from the best 
 writers, while the household department will be found full of original and 
 selected matter, interesting to adults and instructive to the young. It has full 
 reports of all fairs, stock shows, conventions, etc., and has a regular organ- 
 ized corps of crop correspondents. The editorial department is under the 
 charge of Mr. A. S. Alexander, a gentleman of long practical acquaintance 
 with the needs and requirements of farmers, and a clever and forcible writer. 
 
 Figaro. —Publication office, Pontiac building, 358 Dearborn street; a 
 society and literary paper, which has attained great popularity, and a large 
 circulation among the elite of the city. Mr. Harold Wynne, a young 
 writer of considerable distinction in his profession, is the editor. W. G. F. 
 Dailey is the proprietor. 
 
 Exposition Graphic, The. — A quarterly edition of the weekly Graphic 
 devoted to the World's Columbian Exposition. Fifty-six pages. Printed in 
 English, German, French and Spanish. The Exposition Graphic is conducted 
 upon a broad and comprehensive knowledge of the benefits and material 
 advantages to accrue to the United States and to the nations of the world 
 from the great international peace congress; audits efforts in exploiting the 
 magnificence of the enterprise abroad and at home is doing much to increase 
 the interest in the great undertaking. The numbersof the Exposition Graphic 
 will undoubtedly form the most complete and admirable history of the incep- 
 tion, progress and unparalleled success of the Columbian Exposition that 
 will be printed, its artistic excellence surpassing anything before seen in 
 America. The Graphic Company, publishers. Offices Dearborn and Harri- 
 son streets, Chicago. 
 
 Furniture. — Among the many trade journals that have done so^nuch 
 towards making Chicago world famous as a city of manufactures and trade, 
 few, if any, have risen more rapidly than Furniture, published by Furni- 
 ture Company, C. M. White and G. W. Harvey, publishers and proprietors. 
 The publication offices are at rooms 1010 and 1011 Pontiac building. Sub- 
 scription price $2 a year. This journal was started in a small job office on 
 the West Side, in March, 1889. The publishers had little capital, but being 
 practical printers and journalists of several years' experience, they had 
 unbounded faith in Chicago, present and future, and their labors were 
 rewarded with success from the start. Furniture is read in every State in 
 the Union; is bright, clean, handsomely illustrated, and contains an average 
 of about sixty-eight pages of advertisements, illustrations and reading mat- 
 ter. C. M. White, editor; Geo. W. Harvev, business manager. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 435 
 
 German American Miller, The. — This is the only German-American repre- 
 sentative of the trade named published in this country. It was founded in 
 1877, and for ten years thereafter was printed entirely in the German language. 
 The paper presents the milling news from both Germany and America, and 
 reaches the German milling trade in all parts of Europe and North and South 
 America. At present it appears with parallel columns, German and English, 
 which latter feature has proven very successful. Eugene A. Sittig &fSon, 
 proprietors; publication office, Lake and Clark sts. 
 
 Graphic, Ihe. — An illustrated weekly newspaper. Twenty-four pages. 
 The only illustrated weekly in the West maintaining the highest standard of 
 literary and artistic excellence, and the only one in Chicago having a national 
 circulation and influence. The Graphic was the first illustrated weekly news- 
 paper to receive cordial support from the citizens of Chicago and to be 
 recognized throughout the West as an exponent of illustrated journalism 
 second to no other publication of its class in the country. Chicago is realiz- 
 ing its destiny of becoming the art and literary center of America, and the 
 Graphic is an admirable indication of the remarkable progress being made in 
 this direction. The growth of this enterprising journal, in circulation, has 
 been of the most gratifying nature, and though the youngest of the great 
 illustrated weeklies it must at an early day receive universal recognition as 
 the foremost periodical of the country. The ablest writers and most skillful 
 artists contribute to its pages. G. P. Engelhard, editor and general manager. 
 The Graphic Company publishers. Issued every Saturday. Offices, Dear- 
 born and Harrison streets, Chicago. 
 
 Inland Architect and News Record, now in its tenth year of continuous pub- 
 lication, has acquired a national reputation for its illustrations and technical 
 articles. In addition, its pages are a complete record of the proceedings of 
 the numerous architectural organizations of the country. It easily ranks 
 among the handsomest technical publications of America, and has a national 
 circulation. The Inland Architect is a beautiful publication, and contains 
 matter and engravings which most interest laymen as well as architects and 
 bui/ders. Publication office, To ibune Building. 
 
 Inland Printer, The.— The leading trade journal of the world in the print- 
 ing art, now located in its new home at 212 and 21-1 Monroe street, is the recog- 
 nized standard authority on all matters pertaining to the graphic arts. Nine 
 years ago it began as a twenty-four page paper, and year by year it has steadily 
 increased in size, beauty and interest until at present it appears each month 
 with from 100 to 124 pages — an art magazine of wide circulation and influence. 
 Under the management of its founder, Mr. Henry O. Shepaul, progression 
 has to a marked degree been exemplified in the conduct of this journal. 
 Twice the office of publication has been moved, and on January 1, 1892, a 
 third change was made to its present fine offices at 212-2U Monroe street. 
 Nothing is spared to make lhe Inland Printer a model of its class, and the 
 effort is admirably successful. 
 
 Interior, The— Oneof the oldest of the religious weeklies of Chicago, and 
 one of the best. Founded in 1868. If it has any unique position in Western 
 journalism it may be denominated as that of the leading religious weekly of 
 Chicago and the West. It certainly is that from the standpoint of circula- 
 tion and influence. Its proprietors are the estate of the late Cyrus Hall 
 McCormick and W. C. Gray, Ph. D., the latter being senior editor. Publica- 
 tion office 09 Dearborn street 
 
436 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Iron Age, The. — Published weekly in New York, maintains an important 
 branch office at 59 Dearborn street, Chicago. Business manager, J. K. 
 Hanes. Western associate editor, Geo. W. Cope. The Metal Worker is issued 
 under the same management. 
 
 Legal Adviser, The. — Founded A. D. 1861, by the late Hon E. M. Haines. 
 In 1^67, it was chartered as a corporation, by special act, approved March 1, 
 of that year, the charter declaring this weekly paper " the proper medium 
 for the publication of all legal notices required to be published in the County 
 of Cook. The paper was under the editorial direction of Mr. Haines until his 
 death in April, 1889, when it passed under the control of F. C. Haines, who is 
 now president of the company. The Legal Adviser is the oldest law periodical 
 in the republic, excepting one ( The Legal Intelligencer of Philadelphia). The 
 monthly edition is especially devoted to information on affairs of local self- 
 government, and has a very wide circulation throughout Illinois, Iowa, Wis- 
 consin, Michigan, and generally where township organization prevails. Andre 
 Matteson editor. 
 
 Lumber Jrade Journal— Established as a 16-pa.ge quarto, in 1881, by S. D. 
 Morgan, then secretary of the Retail Lumber Dealers' Association of Illinois, 
 as the organ of that association; was purchased in 1887 by an incorporated 
 company with a capital of $12,000, of which George W. Hotchkiss, for many 
 years secretary of the Lumberman's Exchange of Chicago, a veteran lumber- 
 man of forty years' experience, and the acknowledged lumber statistician of 
 the Northwest was president and took editorial charge, while Walter C. 
 Wright, who had several years previously succeeded Mr. Morgan as secretary 
 of the Retail Dealers' Association assumed the business management. By 
 the untiring efforts of these gentlemen the Lumber Trade Journal has entered 
 the front rank of class journalism, and from a 16-page issue has increased to 
 56 pages, with a circulation of 5,000, and has become the recognized authority 
 in all branches of the lumber traffic of the nation. 
 
 National Builder, The— Now in its fourteenth volume is a monthly pub- 
 lication, devoted to building and kindred interests. Edited by Geo. O. Gam- 
 sey, architect Each issue contains one or more complete setsof plans of 
 dwellings, business or public buildings with color plates and detail drawings. 
 An excellent advertising medium for all dealers in building materials. Sub- 
 scription price $3.00 per year prepaid. 
 
 Nederlander, Be.— Founded in 1882. H. A. Masman, publisher and edi- 
 tor, office 493 Center avenue. Is the only Holland weekly in the State of 
 Illinois. It is published every Friday. It is Republican in politics. 
 
 Harden.— A. weekly republican newspaper in the Norwegian language, was 
 established nineteen years ago by Mr. I.T. Relling. During the first ten years 
 Mr. H. Hande was managing editor. When he resigned the position, the 
 paper had a circulation of 10,000, scattered all through the Northwest. Mr. 
 Hande was succeeded as editor by Prof. Th. Bothne, who had charge for two 
 years, when Mr. Hande resumed the editorship and continued it untilhis death 
 in 1887. He was succeeded by the present editor, Mr. P. O. Stromme. In the 
 summer of 1888 Mr. Stromme changed the policy of the paper,making it Dem- 
 ocratic. As a consequence many of the old subscribers dropped off, but they 
 were quickly replaced by new ones. In the fall of '89 a daily edition was 
 established under the name Dagbladet. This was issued every afternoon until 
 in July, 1891, when it was discontinued. In August, 1890, Mr. Relling sold Nor- 
 ton and the daily edition Dagbladet to Norden Publishing Co., Mr. Relling 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 437 
 
 ontinuing as manager until his death in February, 1891. Norden is now pub- 
 lished by the company, whose president is Mr. PaulO. Stensland, the banker. 
 Mr. P. O. Stromme is still managing editor. The paper is eight pages of seven 
 columns, is Democratic in politics and has a wide circulation, especially in 
 "Wisconsin and Minnesota. It also circulates in all the other states in which 
 there are Norwegians, and in Norway, the Sandwich Islands and Iceland, and 
 a few copies are sent to South Africa and Madagascar. 
 
 Northwestern Christian Advocate. — Provision was made for the publica- 
 tion of the Noithwestem Christian Advocate in Chicago, by the General Con- 
 ference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1852. Issue was begun wiih 
 January, 1853. Rev. J. V. Watson was the first editor and was succeeded by 
 Rev. Thomas M. Eddy (1856-1868), J. M. Reid (1868-1872) and Rev. Arthur 
 
 Edwards the present encumbent (1872 ). It is an official organ of the M. 
 
 E. Church and has for its immediate patronizing territory Michigan, Iowa, 
 Wisconsin, Minnesota, the Dakotas and part of Colorado, Nebraska and 
 Indiana. 
 
 Northwestern Lumberman, The: — Established in 1873 by W. B. Judson, 
 its present proprietor. It was first issued as the Michigan Lumberman at 
 Muskegon, Mich., but removed to Chicago and the first number of the North- 
 western was issued here in February, 1874. It was changed to a weekly in 
 1876 and is now the largest journal of its class in the country. It is devoted 
 entirely to the lumber trade and is particularly distinguished as a trade news 
 paper. It contains from 20 to 24 pages of reading matter weekly, and nearly 
 every issue is illustrated. It contains market reports from all important 
 markets in the United States and Canada, and makes a feature of publishing 
 annually tabulated statements of pine lumber and shingle production through- 
 out the northwestern states. Subscription price $4 a year. 
 
 Occident, The. — Location of publication office, Lake and La Salle streets, 
 (Marine building.) The Occident was called into life by Julius Silver- 
 smith and M. Hofmann in the year 1874, October 1st of that year. It is now 
 in its twentieth volume and has attained a wide circulation in this country 
 and abroad, and wherever English is spoken. It is an eight-page journal in 
 the interest of the Jews, science, art and general news, etc., forty-eight col- 
 umns, thirteens ems pica wide and twenty inches in length. It has always 
 espoused republican principles. Its annual subscription price is $3. The 
 Occident is edited by some of the most eminent authors, and is the advocate 
 for the most radical reforms in all religious creeds. It is published by the 
 Occident Publishing Co., since its inception. Mr. Julius Silversmith, M. A., 
 u the editor-in-chief and also manager. 
 
 Orange Judd Farmer. — Location of publication office, 358 Dearborn 
 street. The St. Paul Farmer was started at St. Paul, Minn., in 1886. In the 
 summer of 1888 it was purchased and moved to Chicago, re-named the 
 Orange Judd Farmer, and has since been published here under that title by 
 the Orauge Judd Farmer Co., of which Orange Judd is president and treas- 
 urer; George T. Judd, vice-president, and James S. Judd, secretary. The 
 paper is devoted to agriculture and the home, having different departments 
 wiih special editors for all the different pha?es of farm and home life. It is 
 it^upd weekly. 16 pnges, size 11x16, subscription price is $1.00, and circula- 
 tion 35,000 copies weekly. 
 
438 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Prairie Farmer, The.— Established at Chicago in 1841. Circulation 
 35,000. A journal for the farm, orchard and fireside. Edited by Jonathan 
 Peiiam. Issued weekly by The Prairie Farmer Publishing Company at 166- 
 168 Adams street, Rand-McNally Building. 
 
 Presto, The. — A weekly journal devoted to the interests of music in gen- 
 eral, is published at its business office and composing rooms, in the Como 
 Block, 323-325 Dearborn street. The chief editor and manager is Mr Frank 
 Abbott, who is eminently fitted to successfully manage such a journal, hav- 
 ing had an extended experience as a musician, dealer and writer. The Presto 
 was originally started in Des Moines, Iowa, in 1884, but removed to Chicago 
 in June, 1888, when it was a monthly paper; shortly after, it became semi- 
 monthly, aud in the spring of '91, again changed to a weekly paper. Visitors 
 are always cordially welcomed at its offices, and a perusal of its columns will 
 show that it is a bright, newsy journal, keeping apace with the times. 
 
 Railway Age, ihe. — The Railway Age u a consolidation of the Railway Age 
 and Northwestern Railroader. The Railway Age was established in Chicago in 
 1876, by Messrs. E. H. Talbott and H. R. Hobart. The Northwestern Rail- 
 roader was established in Minneapolis in 1887 by H. P. Robinson, the place of 
 its publication being transferred in 1888 to St. Paul. Minn. The respective 
 papers remained in charge of the gentlemen named unil September, 1891, at 
 which date the founder of the Northwestern Railroader purchased the Railway 
 Age from Messrs. Talbott & Hobart and consolidated the two papers into the 
 present publication, which is published at the Home Insurance building, 
 No. 205 La Salle street, Chicago. The editors of the paper now are H. P. 
 Robinson, H. R. Hobart and W. D. Crosman. The officers of the company 
 are H. P. Robinson, president; H. R. Hobart, vice-president; H. M. Wilson, 
 sectary and treasurer. The paper is published weekly, on Fridays, the sub- 
 scription price being $4 a year. 
 
 Sullivan's Law Directory.— William B. Sullivan's Chicago Law Directory 
 for 1891 contains the names of 2,454 attorneys, as against 2,220 in 1890. Dur- 
 ing the year sixty-six left the city, thirteen out of practice, and twenty- 
 seven died. About 261 new lawyers were admitted to the bar, making the 
 total now in practice 2,392. 
 
 Universalisi, The. — Published at 69 Dearborn st., room 40 and 41, by the 
 Western branch of the Universalist Publishing House, Boston, is one of the 
 oldest religious newspapers in the city. It is a consolidation of the Star in 
 the West, Cincinnati, established 1827, and the Neio Covenant, of Chicago, 
 established in 1845 or 1846. The Universalist, under its present name, is in 
 iis eighth annual volume. It is the organ of the Church which it represents, 
 siguiried in its name, for the interior and Western States. It is a large eight- 
 page paper, and is published every Saturday, as above, at $2.50 per annum. 
 Rev. J. S. Cantwell, DD., is the editor, assisted by regular contributors in 
 the several States. 
 
 Union Signal. — The organ of the World's and National Woman's Chris- 
 tian Tempt, iuuce Union is a weekly temperance and literary journal. The 
 editorial corps consists of Miss Frances E. Willard, Lady Henry Somerset, 
 Mary Allen West, Margaret A. Sudduth and Mrs. Harriet M. Kells. Some of 
 the ablest writers of the day are among its contributors. It is published by 
 the Woman's Temperance Publishing Association, 161 La Salle street; Mrs, 
 F. H, Rastall, business manager. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 439 
 
 Saturday Evening Herald. — Ihe Saturday Evening Herald, the recog- 
 nized organ of polite society, and authority upon all matters of a social 
 nature, was founded in 1875 by George M. McConnel, Lyman B. Glover and 
 John M. Dandy. In 18S0 Messrs. Glover and Dandy purchased the interest 
 of Major McConnel, and the firm was known as Glover & Dandy until 1884, 
 when a stock company was formed, Judge E. R. Paige becoming a stock- 
 holder. In 1886 John M. Dandy purchased the interest of Mr. Glover, assuming 
 the editorial and business management of the paper. In the seventeen years of 
 its existence the Saturday Evening Herald has gained a wide and influential 
 circulation among the best families of this city and the towns tributary, and 
 is to-day probably the most favorably known literary, dramatic, musical and 
 society journal in the West. The publishers have aimed to provide for their 
 constituency a clean, wholesome and readable paper, free from sensationalism 
 and the offensive features peculiar to many so-called society journals, and the 
 high esteem in which the Saturday Evening Herald is held to-day by the pub- 
 lic and the press is the most conclusive evidence of its success in its chosen 
 field. The offices of the Herald are located in the Grand Opera House, No. 
 89 Clark street. 
 
 OUTLYING CHICAGO. 
 
 B^th for the sake of convenience and in order to avoid confusion in their 
 arrangement, the outlying communities of Chicago, whether they might be 
 properly classed as districts of the city proper, as environs, suburbs, villages 
 or independent towns, will be treated under this heading. It would be 
 impossible to separate or to classify them under separate headings without 
 trying the patience of the reader, who above everything else is seeking ready 
 information stripped of all unnecessary form. There must, however, be a 
 few exceptions to this rule. Some of the annexed villages, towns and cities 
 have been so closely identified with the city itself for years past, that it would 
 be out of the question to speak of them as distinctive communities now. 
 
 City and Environs.— For the benefit of the visitor it may be as well to 
 state here that Chicago like London is in part "The City" and in part the 
 districts, environs, suburbs, towns and cities which since its settlement have 
 grown up around it, and which from time to time have become annexed. 
 Like London, the parent community will probably always in the future be 
 known as "The City, "while the annexed districts will continue to bear their 
 distinctive names, as do Cheapside, Piccadilly, Whitechapel and other well 
 known sections of the British Metropolis. Hyde Park will always be Hyde 
 Park, Bridgeport will always be Bridgeport, Lake View will always be Lake 
 View, and so on, notwithstanding the fact that as distinctive communities 
 they have completely lost their title to consideration. Chicago is justly proud 
 of her beautiful surroundings. She is the central diamond of a magnificent 
 cluster. What has been lacking in natural scenery in the country about has 
 been made up by the taste, the genius and the industry of the people who have 
 dotted the prairies with villas as charming as any that ever encircled the neck of 
 a metropolis, ancient or modern. It must be inconceivable to the residents 
 of the cities of Europe, and it will be one of the revelations which will come 
 
440 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 upon those of them who shall visit us during the next two years that the 
 citizens of Chicago, with all their love for the bustle and turmoil of metro- 
 politan life, with their almostinsane predilection for clamor, their ill-concealed 
 regard for smoke, their almost mad penchant for high buildings and crowded 
 tborohugfares, should be at the same time subject to a perfect craving for the 
 quiet of suburban homes — away from all the noise, smells and jostlings which 
 during the fleeting hours of the busy work-day they love so well. It is a par- 
 adox. The beautiful boulevards and residence streets of the city afford many 
 thousands almost the repose of the country, but only the very wealthy in 
 these days are able toenjoy the luxury of mansions and grounds within walk- 
 ing distance of the business center. The great majority of the business and 
 professional people of the city, who desire, first of all, homes of their own, 
 find that the suburbs offer them advantages in this respect which could not 
 be obtained in the city. It is a constant source of satisfaction to the sub- 
 urban resident of moderate means that he can surround himself with com- 
 forts denied the city resident of large means. With rapid and comfortable 
 transit; with recent and almost marvelous improvements in their sewerage, 
 water and illuminating systems; with educational facilities equal and in 
 many respects superior to those which may be had in the city; with religious 
 and social advantages of a character to satisfy the most exacting demands of 
 a moral and refined people; the suburbs have grown at a most remarkable rate, 
 both in number and in beauty. The stranger, bent upon carrying away an 
 intelligent idea of Chicago and her surroundings, should not miss the oppor- 
 tunity while here of visiting the suburbs and charming resorts in this vicinity. 
 
 Railway Lines and Depots. — The facilities for transit afforded by the 
 various railway lines centering in Chicago are complete and admirable. The 
 following lines care for the suburban traffic: 
 
 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe.— Central depot Polk st. and Thud ave. Take 
 State st. cable line or Dearborn st. horse car line. 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio. — Central depot, Harrison st. an 1 Fifth ave. Only 
 a short walk from the business center. 
 
 Chicago & Erie.— Central depot Polk st. and Third ave. Take State st. cable or 
 Dearborn st. horse car line. 
 
 Chicago & Alton.— Central depot Canal and Adams sts., West Side. Take cars 
 jroing west on Adams, Van Buren or Madison sts. Only a short, walk from business 
 center. 
 
 Chicago & Eastern Illinois.— Central depot Polk st. and Third ave. Take 
 State st. cable or Dearborn st. horse car line. 
 
 Chicago & Grand Trunk.— Central depot Polk st. and Third ave. Take State st. 
 cable or Dearborn st. horse car line. 
 
 Chicago & Northern Pacific— Central depot Fifth ave. and Harrison st. Take 
 Van Buren st. cars going west from State or south from Madison sts., or Harrison st. 
 line. 
 
 Chicago & North-Western.— Central depot Wells and Kinzie streets, North 
 Side. Take Dearborn, State or Wells street car going north. Only a short walk from 
 business center. 
 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy.— Central depot Canal and Adam streets, West 
 Side. Take Adams, Van Buren or Madison street car going west. Only a short walk 
 from business center. 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul.— Central depot Canal and Adams streets, 
 West Side. Take Adams, Van Buren or Madison street car going west. Only a short 
 walk from business center. 
 
 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific— Central depot Van Buren and Sherman 
 streets. Take cars on Clark street or Fifth avenue going south. Only a short walk 
 from business center. 
 
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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 441 
 
 Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg.— Central depot Canal and Adams streets. West 
 Side. Take Adams, Van Buren or Madison street car going west. Only a short walk 
 from business center. 
 
 Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City.— Central depot Harrison street and Fifth 
 avenue. Take Van Buren street cars going west from State or south from Madison 
 street, or Harrison street line. 
 
 Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis ("The Big 4").— Central depot 
 foot of Lake street Only a short walk from business center. 
 
 Illinois Central.— Central depot foot of Lake street. Only a short walk from 
 business center. 
 
 Lake Shore & Michigan Southern. -Central depot Van Buren and Sherman 
 streets. Take cars on Clark street or Fifth avenue going south. Only a short walk 
 from business center. 
 
 Louisville, New Albany & Chicago ("Monon Route").— Central depot Polk 
 street and Third avenue. Take State street cable or Dearborn street car line. 
 
 Michigan Central.— Central depot foot of Lake street. Only a short walk from 
 business center. 
 
 Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago.— Central depot Canal and Adams streets, 
 West Side. Take Adams, Van Buren or Madison street car going west. Only a short 
 walk from business center. 
 
 Wabash.— Central depot Polk street and Third avenue. Take State street 
 cable or Dearborn street horse car line. 
 
 A large number of new and very popular suburbs have been laid out and 
 partially built up within the past year, the names of which do not as yet 
 appear in the railroad time tables. These, together with all others, will be 
 referred to in their alphabetical order in the following pages. 
 
 North and South Shores of Lake Michigan. — Locally, the country 
 skirting Lake Michigan north of the city of Chicago is known as the "North 
 Shore." and south of the city as the "South Shore." Thus, the term 
 " North " or " South " shore of Lake Michigan is used in this guide with ref- 
 erence to the location of suburbs, etc., in either direction, without reference 
 to the geographical boundaries of that body of water in a larger sense. 
 
 Alpine.— Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railroad, 26 miles 
 from the City Hall . 
 
 Altenheim— Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 10^ 
 miles from the City Hall. Here is located the German Old Peoples' Home. 
 [See German Old Peoples' Home.] 
 
 Antioch. — Located on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 54 miles 
 from City Hall. 
 
 Argyle Park. — Situated on the Evanston division of the Chicago, Mil- 
 waukee & St, Paul R R. , five and a half miles from the City Hall. The his- 
 tory of Argyle Park dates back but a few years. W. C. Goudy owned the 
 land upon which it stands, and to develop it he procured the construction of the 
 railroad. Upon the completion of the road he conceived the idea of building 
 an ideal suburban town. With this end in view he laid out the streets 
 aud avenues of generous proportions, platted the ground into lots 50x150 
 feet, built a depot, macadamized the streets, put in stone curbings and laid 
 concrete sidewalks. To provide a water supply he had the town connected 
 with the Lake View water system. For lighting purposes the town was con- 
 nected with the gas works. The sanitary conditions of the town are perfect, 
 there being a double system of sewerage, one to the north and one to the 
 south. Building restrictions and all the little details that go to make the 
 whole perfect have been attended to. A regular force of men is employed to 
 
442 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 keep the streets in repair, to remove the garbage and to clean the snow from 
 the sidewalks in winter. The Sheridan drive has done wonders forthe town 
 as well as for all the North Shore. Many of the residents of Argyle Park 
 never use the steam cars as a means of transportation. A much more charm- 
 ing mode of getting to and from their places of business is a drive of thirty 
 minutes along the incomparable Sheridan road and through matchless Lincoln 
 Park. 
 
 Arlington Heights. — Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & 
 North- Western railway, twenty -two and a half miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Auburn Park. — Located on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad, 
 nine miles from the City Hall, and accessible by the Chicago & Eastern Illi- 
 nois railroad. One of the most beautiful of the southern suburbs of Chicago. 
 This charming place is but a few years old, and has already a population of 
 nearly 4,000, composed almost wholly of the best class of business and pro- 
 fessional people. The land it covers was formerly the property of Messrs. 
 Geo. M. Pullman, Esq., and C. M. Henderson, Esq., who purchased it for 
 the purpose of building a perfect suburban town. Messrs. Eggleston, Mall- 
 ette & Brownell, one of the largest and most responsible real estate firms in 
 Chicago, secured the contract for putting in the improvements. No sooner 
 had they begun work than they at once recognized the fact that the natural 
 advantages of the location were bound to do wonders in establishing a town. 
 They made overtures for the purchase of the land, and finally succeeded in 
 obtaining possession of it. As soon as they obtained possession of the prop- 
 erty they began improvements on a magnificent scale. Over half a million 
 dollars were spent in this way before the property was offered for sale. The 
 streets were all macadamized, stone sidewalks built throughout, and a double 
 system of sewerage put in. Pipes were laid eight and ten feet below the 
 ground and connected with the city system. Other pipes were laid for sur- 
 face drainage. They were so constructed as to be automatically flushed, 
 thus absolutely preventing an acccumulation of sewer gas. 
 
 Aurora. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad (three 
 divisions), Chicago & Iowa, Chicago & North- Western, and Elgin, Joliet & 
 Eastern railroads, 39 miles from the City Hall. This beautiful and pros- 
 perous town is located on the Fox river. Here are to be found the extensive 
 shops of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, and many other import- 
 ant industries. The town is laid out handsomely; it has numerous fine 
 buildings, stores, hotels, railroad depots, opera house, public halls, churches, 
 etc., and is, from a business and a social point of view, one of the most 
 inviting of Illinois towns. From a population of 11,873 in 1880, it grew to 
 19,634 in 1890. Although so far removed from the city, many Chicago 
 people reside in Aurora. 
 
 Austin. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West- 
 ern railroad, 63^ miles from the City Hall. Austin is one of the nearest of 
 Chicago's suburbs, and one of the most delightful. It has grown from a 
 little hamlet of 900 people to a town of 4,200 within a few years, and gives 
 promise of becoming a most important point in the near future. The topog- 
 raphy of the surrounding country is in no wise different from the other 
 towns on the North-Western road. It lies on the first ridge west of the city, 
 and is from ten to twelve feet above the level of the lake. On either side of 
 the town the country is low, rolling prairie land, making it easy to drain. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 443 
 
 It was not until after the big fire that Austin began to give promise of future 
 prosperity. The suburban fever reached to the town, and it grew rapidly. 
 There are many things that go to make it an attractive place and a desirable 
 one for a quiet suburban home. The early settlers set out an abundance of 
 trees of all kinds, and to-day the town gives the appearance of a natural for- 
 est. Its modern growth has given rise to a series of buildings whose archi- 
 tecture is diversified and pleasing. The sanitary conditions are perfect. The 
 drainage is to the south, into Mud lake, with a fall of thirty feet. The water 
 supply comes from Oak Park, the pumping works of that place supplying 
 Austin among other towns. An electric street railroad runs through the 
 town, giving the people cheap fare. 
 
 Avondale. — Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- 
 Western railway, five and a half miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Harrington. — Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- 
 Western railway, 31^ miles from the City Hall. A prosperous country town. 
 
 Batavia.— Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago &North-West- 
 ern railway, 36 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Bayer. — Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, near 
 Greenwood. 
 
 Bensonville. — Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 16 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Benton. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- 
 Western railway, 40 miles from the City Hall 
 
 Berwyn. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, nine 
 and a naif miles from the City hall. The Wisconsin division of the Illinois 
 Central railroad, and the proposed line of the Ogden avenue elevated road 
 also run by the property. The site was partially subdivided about twenty 
 years ago, streets graded and trees planted, when the panic of '73 stopped all 
 further improvements. Not a house nor even a depot had been erected. 
 The property then lay idle until the summer of 1890, when Wilber J. 
 Andrews and Charles E. Piper purchased 106 acres, laid out a town site, 
 built a $5,000 depot and christened the' place " Berwyn." Since then, 
 brick store buildings, a stone church and about one hundred residences (cost- 
 ing from $2,500 to $10,000 each) have been erected, and over seven miles of 
 streets macadamized. A postoffice and express office have also been estab- 
 lished. Messrs. Andrews & Piper have recently bought 105 acres adjoining 
 their original purchase and built another depot at Riverside avenue. They 
 now control about ten miles of street frontage. No building costing less 
 than $1,500 is permitted in Berwyn. Saloons are prohibited and a uniform 
 building line established for the entire suburb. These restrictions are 
 attracting to it a very desirable class of residents. A complete system of 
 sewage is now iu process of construction. The "Berwyn Water, Fuel & 
 Light Co." has recently been incorporated and will at once erect water works 
 and lay pipes throughout the subdivision. Gas and electricity will soon be 
 added. Bcrwyn's beautiful trees and the uniformly excellent character of its 
 residences are the points which first impress a visitor. 
 
 Bloom.— Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, 21% miles 
 from the City Hall. 
 
 Blue Island. — Situated on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway, 16 
 miles from the City Hall. A large suburb and one of the oldest. 
 
444 
 
 GUTDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Brainard. — Practically a part of South Englewood. The town wa9 
 started but recently, and gives promise of rapid growth in popularity as well 
 as in population. 
 
 Bremen. — Situated on the Chicago, Eock Island & Pacific railway, 23% 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Brighton Park. — Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh and 
 Chicago & Alton railroads, 7% miles from the City Hall. A very pleasant 
 little suburb within the limits. 
 
 Brisbane. — Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railroad, 35 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Buena Park. — Situated on the Evanston Division of the Chicago, Mil- 
 waukee & St. Paul railway, within the city limits. [See Graceland Ceme- 
 tery.] 
 
 Burlington. — Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 72% 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Burlington Heights. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
 railroad, 20% miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Calvary. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- 
 Western railway, ten miles from the City Hall. A station of the village of 
 South Evanston. [See Calvary Cemetery.] The trains of the Evanston divi- 
 sion of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad also stop here. 
 
 Camp McDonald. — Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 
 25% miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Camp Lake — Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, sixty 
 miles from the City Hall. A summer resort. 
 
 Canfield. — Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railroad, 11% miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Cary. — Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railroad, thirty-four miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Cheltenham Beach. — Situated on the Illinois Central railroad and the 
 South Shore of Lake Michigan, twelve miles from the City Hall. This place 
 has been christened "The Coney Island of the West." A large hotel and 
 restaurant, a great exhibition hall, an immense amphitheater for pyrotechnic 
 displays on a mammoth scale; slides, and the various amusements incident to 
 such a resort as Coney Island are to be found here. 
 
 Chicago Lawn. — Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 10 
 miles from the City Hall. A beautiful and popular suburb. 
 
 Clarendon Hills. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 
 20 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 C'ifton — Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 18 miles from 
 the City Hall. 
 
 Clintonville. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railway, 39 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Clyiz. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 10 miles 
 from tbe City Hall. 
 
 Colehour. — Situated on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railway, 13 
 miles from the City Hall. A manufacturing suburb. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 445 
 
 Cordeys. — Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, 19 miles 
 from the City Hall. 
 
 Cortland. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West- 
 ern railway, 55^ miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Crawford. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 7 
 miles from the City Hall. A pretty suburb. 
 
 Crete. — Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, 31 miles from 
 the City Hall. 
 
 Crown Point. — Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg and Chi- 
 cago & Erie railroads, 41 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Crystal Lake. — Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & 
 North- Western railroad, 43 miles from the City Hall. A popular summer fish- 
 ing and camping resort. 
 
 Cummings. — Situated on the New York, Chicago & St. Louis (Nickel 
 Plate) and on the Chicago & Erie railways, 15 miles from the City Hall. A 
 manufacturing suburb of great promise. 
 
 Cuyler. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railway, adjoining Ravenswood. A small suburb as yet, but 
 growing. 
 
 Dalton. — Situated on the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago railway, 
 16K miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Dauphin Park. — Situated at the crossing of the Illinois Central and 
 Michigan Central railroads with the Rock Island and the Atlantic & Pacific, 
 the Western Indiana and New Albany roads. One hundred trains pass 
 ihrough this suburb daily. It is the only suburb along the line of the Illi- 
 nois Central road having its own park front, and before it contained a house 
 it had beautiful groves of young trees, paved avenues, a complete system of 
 walks, sewers, gas and water. It is convenient to the southern park system 
 of Chicago, and to the site of the Columbian Exposition. The village is 
 beautifully built and settled by a high class of people. It was founded by 
 S. E. Gross. 
 
 Deering. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railway, about 3 miles from the City Hall . Here are located the Deer- 
 ing Harvester Works and other large manufactories. 
 
 DeRalb.— Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western 
 railway, 58^ miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Desplaines. — Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railway, 163^ miles from the City Hall. A very popular summer 
 picnicking and camp-meeting ground. 
 
 JDes Plaines. — Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 22J^ 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Bolton. — Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, 21^£ 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Downer's Grove. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 
 about 23 miles from the City Hall. Population, 1,200. Downer's Grove is in 
 the southeast corner of DuPage county and but a few miles from the divid- 
 ing line between this and Cook county. It is a body of timber and covers 
 perhaps one section of land in sections 6 and 7 of township 38 north, range 
 
446 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 11 east. It has its schools and its churches. Of the latter there are a Meth- 
 odist, Congregational, Episcopalian, Catholic and German Evangelical. 
 " East Grove " is a station % of a mile east of Downer's Grove, and was first 
 laid out tnirteen years ago. Since then four or five new additions have been 
 made, some of them quite large. About sixty families now make their 
 homes here. 
 
 Dyer.— Situated on the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago railway, 28% 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 East Grove. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 
 21% miles from the City Hall. 
 
 East Roseland (104th street). — Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 
 12% miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Edgeioater.^%\t\\&tedi on theEvanston division of the Chicago, Milwaukee 
 & St. Paul railroad, 7% miles from the City Hall, on the north shore of L^e 
 Michigan, and within driving distance from the business center. Edge- 
 water is one of the prettiest suburbs in the country. Its situation is charming. 
 Commencing at the shore of the lake the land rises by a gentle and almost 
 imperceptible slope till it reaches an elevation of from ten to twenty-five 
 feet above the lake. Before the country was opened up the land was covered 
 with a dense growth of trees. The ash, the elm, the white birch, the oak 
 and the maple alike thrive and grow beautiful, nourished by the fertile soil. 
 Its founders bought 250 acres of land there in 1884, and gave the future town 
 the name of Edge water. It was at that time a wilderness of woods a^d 
 underbrush. For nearly two years the work went on. Just enough of the 
 original forest was cut down to admit of building and laying out streets. 
 The streets were laid out sixty-six feet wide, and every one of them was 
 macadamized. Between the street and the sidewalks, a broad space was left 
 and sodded. Stone sidewalks were laid throughout and Between the street 
 and the walks, at distances of thirty-three feet, additional trees were set out. 
 The matter of drainage was especially attended to. Competent engineers 
 superintended the laying of the pipes underground, and every joint and con- 
 nection was made tight before being covered up. Besides this care the 
 system has been so devised that no objectionable encroachment can be made 
 to the injury of the service. The matter of lighting was not neglected. A 
 company was formed and an electric light plant put up at a cost of $60,000. 
 It is the most complete for its size in the country. When the improvements 
 were completed, one hundred houses were erected, costing from $5,000 to $16,- 
 000 exclusive of the lot. The architecture is varied and pleasing, Queen Anne 
 and Colonial style being frequently used. The material used is brick, stone 
 and wood. An effort was made to avoid building any two houses alike, and 
 hence a pleasing variety and contrast was obtained. Edgewater has two 
 handsome church structures. The Church of the Atonement is said to be the 
 only correct Gothic church in the country. The material is red sandstone, and 
 the interior decorations are both elaborate and elegant. The Epworth Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church is the handsomest structure of the denomination out- 
 side of the city. [See Argyle Park.] There is also a finely equipped and 
 graded school, to which educational facilities will be constantly added for 
 the benefit of the community. The public stable is one of the suburb's 
 attractions. 
 
 Edison Park — Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & 
 North-Western railway, 12 miles from the Citj r Hall. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 447 
 
 Eggleston. — One of the most prominent suburbs in close proximity to 
 Chicago; generally mentioned in connection with Auburn Park, another 
 beautiful environ. The accessibility of Eggleston and Auburn Park is well 
 known. Its main transit line is the Rock Island railroad, over which trains 
 run the distance in from twenty to thirty minutes. The convenience afforded 
 suburban travelers on this road are seconded only to that obtained by the 
 patrons of the Illinois Central line. The Rock_ Island depot is nearer the busi- 
 ness center of the city than is that of any other road. It is particularly con- 
 venient for Board of Trade men, and, if for no other reason, their number 
 should be well represented among the residents of Eggleston and Auburn 
 Park. Besides the Rock Island road these twin suburbs have the C & E. I. 
 railway close at hand. Then, too, the Wentworth avenue street car line is to 
 be extended from Seventy-third street, its present terminus, right through 
 this property, to Seventy-ninth street. The material for the road is already 
 on the ground, and the line will be finished and cars will be running by the 
 first of November. 
 
 No one can view the rich beauties of Eggleston and Auburn Park property 
 without becoming more or less enthusiastic, according to his power of appre- 
 ciation. Unquestionably, it is the handsomest and best improved residence 
 district in Cook county. It is difficult to imagine how intelligent and well-to- 
 do home-builders can be persuaded to locate on crudely improved and treeless 
 prairie ground, when the high ridge, naturally wooded and thoroughly- 
 improved property of Eggleston and Auburn Park is so near at hand, and can 
 be had at the low prices it is now quoted at. About four years of time have 
 been consumed, and over one-half a million dollars have been expended in 
 bringing that suburb up to its present high standard. 
 
 Had not the location been possessed of great natural advantages and 
 beauty to commence with, even this large expenditure of time and money 
 could not have made it what it now is — could not have given it its present 
 enviable position in the public estimation. Messers. Eggleston, Mallette & 
 Brownell, the three gentlemen who pushed forward this great undertaking 
 with so great success, are justly entitled to much praise, for the work done 
 by them has been of incalculable benefit to Chicago. It has influenced other 
 improvers to take more pride in their w T ork, and to act more conscientiously 
 in their dealings with their customer-. The progress made by these three 
 gentlemen is extremely interesting, and the result of their combined efforts 
 and capital have far exceeded their own and their friends' expectations. 
 Recognizing the value of such a location, they bought the ground on which 
 Eggleston now stands, and commenced to improve it. 
 
 Well understanding that no locality can be uniformly improved unless 
 under the sole control of a single person or a syndicate, Eggleston, Mallette 
 & Brownell also bought Auburn Park. Then they immediately commenced 
 to carry out their avowed plan of making their two purchases as attractive a 
 subdivision as labor and abundant means could produce. That they have 
 accomplished their object, none can gainsay. Briefly stated, this property 
 extends from Seventy-first street to Seventy-ninth, and is bounded on the 
 East by State street, and has Wallace avenue for a Western boundary, being 
 one mile by one half mile in size. It is the first rise of any consequence back 
 from the lake, and is so well elevated as to allow of laying the pipes of its 
 
448 GUII>E TO CHICAGO 
 
 complete sewer system eight and ten feet below the surface of the ground. A 
 large and natural growth of oak trees are everywhere seen besides which, tall 
 and beautiful elms border either side of the walks. Besides the boundary 
 streets, there are LaFayette, Perry, Wentworth, Yale and Harvard avenues, 
 Wright and Dickey streets. All these last mentioned and well-known thor- 
 oughfares are North and South ones, and hence cross through Eggleston and 
 Auburn Park the longest way. Running in the same direction, and right 
 through the center of this property, is Stewart avenue boulevard. This gives 
 it direct connection with the South Park boulevard system, a most desirable 
 and valuable feature. A point that should be well emphasized is that every 
 street in Egglesl on and Auburn Park is improved in all respects equal to 
 Grand and Drexel boulevards. They are all broad and evenly macadamized; 
 boulevard lamps are in; the sidewalks are all of Cleveland sand stone; and a 
 force of twelve gardners are employed the year around, to keep the trees, 
 shrubbery, flowers, lawns, etc., in order. At each of the corners of inter- 
 secting streets, a vase of growing flowers is kept the summer through. Even 
 the alleys need some mention, for being wide and macadamized, they really 
 compare well with the streets in some localities. A picturesque feature of 
 this property, is the presence of a narrow, river-like body of water that winds 
 through its southern portion. A dressy little boat-house has been erected, 
 which shelters a number of pretty row boats. In fact, on all sides are to be 
 seen evidences of everything possible having been done to make Eggleston 
 and Auburn Park to Englewood, what Kenwood is to Hyde Park — an ideal 
 aristocratic residence place. To secure the best results, established building 
 restrictions are enforced. In Eggleston and Auburn Park, no house less than 
 two full stories high, and upon else than a stone foundation, can be erected. 
 No lot nar tower than fifty feet is sold, and no front fences are allowed to be 
 built. The building line is so stipulated, and the residences so placed, as to 
 show the lawns to the best advantage. These restrictions may seem to be a 
 little notional, but already the residents there can plainly see the wisdom of 
 living up to them. Eventually when all is built up, the value of these restric- 
 tions will be even more apparent. 
 
 The educational advantages of these suburbs are very superior. The 
 Normal school is but three blocks from Eggleston, and at both Seventieth and 
 Seventy-fifth streets there is a good public school. Thriving churches of 
 different denominations are near by, and a number of social clubs are 
 organized. 
 
 To sum it all up, the words of one of Chicago's most successful phy- 
 sicians, who lately visited Eggleston and Auburn Park, are directly to the 
 point. He said: " To view the cleanliness and beauty everywhere to be seen 
 there, is decidedly refreshing." From either depot, where a star, crescent, 
 and either "Eggleston " or " Auburn Park " is boldly outlined on the sward 
 of the sloping bank, to the remotest corner of that well-kept property, nothing 
 to mar the beauty of the scenery is to be found, and the visitor is led to 
 wonder why capitalists do not lay out other sub-divisions in like manner. 
 The owners of this property, Messrs. Eggleston, Mallette & Brownell, have 
 offices on the second floor of the Tacoma building, and on the sixth floor of 
 the Royal Insurance building. They now have four houses under contract to 
 build, each of which will cost fully $20,000, besides many others. [See 
 Auburn Park and Illustrations.] 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 449 
 
 Elburn. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North-Western 
 railway, 44 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Elgin.— Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western 
 railway, and on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 42 miles from 
 the City Hall. A beautiful and prosperous town. Immense dairy interests 
 are centered here. The Elgin National Watch factory and several other large 
 industrial institutions are located here. [See Elgin National Watch Factory.] 
 Population, 1890, 17,429. 
 
 Elmhurst. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North-west- 
 ern railway, 15 miles from the City Hall. An attractive suburb. 
 
 Elsdon — Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 9 miles from 
 the City Hall. 
 
 Englewood. — A beautiful district of the city proper, situated on the Chi- 
 cago, Rock Island & Pacific and other lines, but accessible by street cars. It 
 is practically within the old city, and has long since lost its individuality as 
 a village. There are handsome business blocks, elegant residences and a fine 
 opera house here. [See Timmerman Opera House.] Englewood is hardly 
 more to be considered as a suburb now than Hyde Park or Lake View. 
 
 Englewood Heights. — Situated at the intersection of the Panhandle and 
 Rock Island railroads, between Eighty-seventh and Ninety-second sts., and 
 Ashland ave. and the Panhandle tracks. To those of moderate means a town 
 of the size of Englewood Heights offers many inducements; property is much 
 cheaper than it is in an older and better developed place. The man who is 
 working for a moderate salary can gothere,buy a lot, put up a modest dwelling 
 and live comfortably. In time his home increases greatly in value and he finds 
 himself in possession of a valuable piece of property. Englewood Heights 
 possesses one attribute almost essential to a successful town — natural beauty. 
 Before it was platted, its natural wooded district offered a never-failing 
 inducement to picnic parties, and every Sunday the grounds were crowded 
 with pleasure-seekers. To-day one would not be able to recognize the old 
 landmarks. Stores, pleasure resorts, tasteful dwellings and evidences of 
 business activity proclaim a wonderful transformation. 
 
 Englewood on the Hill. — Situated on the Panhandle road directly west of 
 Englewood proper, extending from Sixty-seventh to Seventy-first sts. 
 north and south, and is bounded east and westbyLoomis st. and Western ave. 
 Take train at Union depot, Canal and Adams sts. , West Side. The founder 
 of the town suburb is E. A. Cummings, Esq., of E. A. Cummings & Co. 
 Like the founders of the several towns round about Englewood, Mr. Cum- 
 mings gave the town a name to which was attached Englewood. Some years 
 ago he bought this tract for $400 an acre and soon sold it for $600 an acre. 
 He had not parted with it long before its desirability as a suburban residence 
 place struck him with peculiar force. As a result he a second time pur- 
 chased the land, giving for it $1,300 an acre. Among the public buildings 
 are a handsome Catholic church and a public school-house of pressed brick, 
 costing $30,000. Three brick business blocks are directly opposite the depot 
 and are occupied with well stocked stores. The contiguity of the " Hill " to 
 the Stock Yards has induced several large operators to locate there. A mile 
 frontage on Ashland ave. possessed by the town gives an added value to real 
 estate. Another thing that is in favor of the town and one that will help its 
 growth in the years to come is the fact that it is directly in the line to the 
 
450 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Stickney tract, which is certain to become a great manufacturing. center. 
 Englewood on the Hill has about 700 inhabitants and is growing with remark- 
 able rapidity. 
 
 Kola. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 35 miles 
 from the City Hall. 
 
 Evanston, City of. — By vote of the people of Evanston and of South 
 Evanston, which have been separate villages, on Feb. 20, 1892, the two were 
 consolidated, the intention being to form a municipality under a regular city 
 charter from the State. This was carried out later in the Spring of 1892. The 
 City of Evanston had a frontage on Lake Michigan at this time of about 3 miles, 
 and extended westwardly about 1J^ miles. Its population was about 15.000. In 
 this edition of The Standard Guide the Villages of Evanston and South Evan- 
 ston are referred to below under their former names, the new city not being 
 fully organized as it goes to press. [See "Evanston," "South Evanston," 
 "Clubs," "Northwestern University," and other classifications for information 
 concerning the place named." 
 
 Evanston. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railway and on the Evanston division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & 
 St. Paul railroad, 12 miles from the City Hall, on the north shore of Lake 
 Michigan. Take train at Wells St. depot, Wells and Kinzie sts., North Side, 
 or at Union depot, Canal and Adams sts., West Side. Steamboats take pas- 
 sengers to Evanston during the summer season from Clark st. bridge. Trains 
 run at intervals of a few minutes, morning and evening, and hourly during 
 the day. Evanston is the most celebrated and in many respects the most 
 attractive of Chicago's suburbs, by reason of its beautiful and accessible situ- 
 ation, its educational institutions, its churches, its high social advantages and 
 the cultured character of its inhabitants. A great many of the residents of 
 Evanston are people distinguished in the literary world, and not a few of 
 them enjoy an international reputation. The visitor should not fail to spend 
 a few days in this charming* village and its vicinity. In 1850 the place was 
 known as "Ridgeville." There were then about 100 inhabitants in the settle- 
 ment. Major Mulford was the supervisor, the postmaster and the general 
 major domo of the town. Several names were proposed, among them Orring- 
 ton. It was finally decided that to the one who should come to the front and 
 give most generously of his substance should accrue the honor of the name. 
 Dr. John Evans, now Hon. John Evans, then a leading physician of Chicago, 
 was the man, and after him was the new town called Evanston. Other men 
 who have been identified with the growth of the village have not been for- 
 gotten. Their names are perpetuated in the beautiful streets which traverse 
 the village. Greenleaf ave., Hinman ave., Noyes ave., Davis street, after 
 Dr. N. S. D i vis; Judson ave., Dempster St., Orrington ave., and a host of 
 others all have their significance, and recollections cluster about them. Ever 
 since its establishment the growth of Evanston has been a steady and healthly 
 one. Not until the year 1857 was the town organized. The first supervisor 
 was G-eorge Reynolds, who built the first hotel — the Reynolds House. His 
 residence stood where now stands the elegant mansion of William Deering. 
 The first store was opened by J. B. Colvin and stood where Garwood's drug 
 store now is. The first public school was a log house at Greenwood and 
 Ridge aves. The site was intended as a burying ground, but instead there 
 stands the stately mansion of John Kirk. In the winter of 1853 the 
 Ullage of Evanston was first platted by Rev. Philo Judson. The con- 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 451 
 
 necting link between Chicago and the lown came in 1854, when the 
 Chicago & North-Western railway laid _ its tracks there. From that 
 time there set in a steady advance in its growth, and in the winter 
 of 1863 the village was incorporated. The first president of the board 
 wasH.B. Hurd and John Fussey was commissioner of streets. The total 
 valuation of property was then $125,480. In April, 1873, the village organ- 
 ization was voted and C. J. Gilbert was the first president. Ere this many of 
 Chicago's first citizens had been attracted to Evanston and the board con- 
 tained such names as H. G. Powers, Lyman J. Gage, William Blanchard, Wil- 
 son Phelps and O. A. Willard. The successive presidents of the village were 
 O. Huse, Dr. N. S. Davis, J. M. Williams, Thomas J. Frost, T. A. Cosgrove, 
 J. J Parkhurst, C. N. Remy, M. W. Kirk, James Ayers and H. H. C. Miller. 
 
 A drive through the principal streets of Evanston will reveal the attractions 
 of the place. On every side - and continually the eye is greeted with a sight 
 of beautiful lawns, tasteful flower-gardens and ornamental mounds. They 
 form a pretty foreground for the elegant residences that are almost always 
 built at a goodly distance from the street. The architecture of the town is 
 pleasingly varied and uniformly tasteful. In few places can one see so many 
 homes that indicate refinement and wealth. The mansion and not the cottage 
 is the rule. 
 
 The character of the people is distinctive. Evanston people are nothing if 
 not educated. They pride themselves on this. It is the miniature Boston of 
 the West. You feel refinement in the very atmosphere. It is the home of 
 cultivation. This must needs be so from the fact that the growth and devel- 
 opment of the town has been shaped and influenced by the University. That 
 nobleinstitution hasgrown from an humble beginning to become the equal of 
 almost any institution of learning in the United States. It needs no enco- 
 miums. The history of its graduates, the standing of its faculty, speak vol- 
 umes . The University grounds constitute the chief park of the town. They 
 are densely wooded and undulating. From time to time new buildings have 
 been added till now a memorial hall, a science hall, Dearborn Observatory, 
 Heck Hall, woman's college, preparatory school, dormitory and gymnasium, 
 all models of elegance and convenience, adorn the spacious grounds. [See 
 Northwestern University.] 
 
 Another thing that has added greatly to the attraction possessed by 
 Evanston is the exclusion of the sale of liquor within the four mile limit. 
 The possibility of rearing a family beyond the baleful influence of the saloon 
 has caused many to settle within its borders. The contest over the liquor 
 traffic forms a notable epoch in the history of the town. 
 
 The character of the inhabitants of Evanston has in the past few years 
 changed considerably — and for some reasons for the better. The old Puritan 
 days when the religionist dominated the town are now but a memory. The 
 same element is still there. But it is diluted just enough to give the town a 
 progressive spirit and lend to it a live and bustling character. The social 
 gatherings of Evanston are delightful affairs, unmarred by the stiff formality 
 that characterizes the swell events of Chicago's 400. The social element is 
 ex icting, too. Tli3re you can see club life in its ideality. [See Evanston 
 Club, Evanston Country Club and Evanston Boat Club.] Another source 
 of pride to Evanston is her school system. The Evanston High School stands 
 at Benson avenue and Dempster street. Theschoolranksamong the highest, 
 and a diploma from it will admit the graduate into almost any college in the 
 United States. The Hinman Avenue School, the Wesley Avenue School, the 
 
452 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Haven School and a score of others offer superior and exceptional educational 
 advantages. Besides these there are the various district schools. 
 
 The people of Evanston, or ttie great majority of them, are religiously 
 inclined. It is pre-eminently a town of many churches. In the early days 
 of its history the Methodist denomination predominated to the exclusion of 
 all others. Now lofty spires rise from edifices devoted to the peculiar wor- 
 ship of almost every denomination. The Episcopalians and Catholics 
 have just erected two magnificent structures. A mention of Evanston's 
 attractions would not be complete without a passing notice of the Evanston 
 Li fe-savine; Station. [See "Evanston Life-savins Station," in Encyclopedia.] 
 Among the public institutions of Evanston is the free circulating library at 
 524 Sherman ave. The Evanston Press and Index are the newspapers of the 
 village, and both are edited with force, good judgment and ability. The 
 Index is the older newspaper. The Press is young and vigorous. 
 
 Among the latest and most important improvements in Evanston is the 
 New Village Hall, erected at a cost of $40,000. [See " Evanston, City of," 
 " South Evanston," " Clubs," " Northwestern University," etc.] 
 
 Evergreen Park. — Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 
 14% miles from the City Hall. A charming residence place, and quite pop- 
 ular. 
 
 Fairmew Park. — Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh rail 
 road, 15% miles 'f mm the City Hall. 
 
 Feehanmlle. — Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad twenty- 
 five miles from the City Hall. Here is located St. Mary's Industrial School 
 for Boys. The place receives its name from the Catholic archbishop of this 
 diocese. [See Educational Institutions.] 
 
 Fernwood— Situated on the line of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois rail- 
 road, twelve miles from the City Hall. The village is almost surrounded by 
 West Roseland on the south, Oakdale on the north, and Washington Heights on 
 the west. ^Fern wood is a village of about 1,500 inhabitants. At the time the 
 surrounding villages, West Roseland, Oakdale, Washington Heights, etc., 
 came into the city, Fernwood refused to become annexed. She soon 
 repented, however, and at the very first opportunity voted, to cast her lot 
 with Chicago. 
 
 Forest Hill. — Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, 
 12% miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Forest Home. — Situated on the Chicago jfc Northern Pacific railroad, 10% 
 miles from the Cit} Hall. 
 
 Fort Sheridan.— Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & 
 North-Western railway, 24% miles from the City Hall. [See FortSheridan, 
 under head of "Military."] 
 
 Fox Lake. — One of the most charming summer resorts in the vicinity of 
 Chicago. It may be reached either by the Chicago & North-Western or the 
 Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. The distance from Chicago is about 
 fifty-one miles. Fox is but one of many lakes in the vicinity. There is good 
 fishing here. Small steamers ply between points on the lakes. The banks 
 are dotted with pretty villas. Thousands of Chicagoans make their summer 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 453 
 
 homes in the vicinity of Fox Lake. The visitor, desiring a day of recreation, 
 could not find a more perfect spot in this country. Trains leave frequently 
 for the stations contiguous to the lakes of Lake county. There are many 
 sporting, fishing and social club houses on the Fox Lake. [See Clubs — 
 Athletic, Sporting, etc.] 
 
 Franklin Park. — Situated at the intersection of the Wisconsin Central and 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroads. Franklin Park, founded in 1890, 
 is bounteously favored by the high elevation of its surface and by the 
 diversified charms of the surrounding scenery. Streets, boulevards and 
 parks have been laid out, a large public hall makes conspicuous show, and 
 tasteful residences appear on every hand. The improvements are of a char- 
 acter in keeping with those of older and well-populated suburbs. 
 
 Geneva. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West- 
 ern railway, 35^ miles from the City Hall. This is the station of 
 Geneva Lake, one of the most charming summer resorts in the West. 
 Many of the wealthy people of Chicago have summer residences on the Lake. 
 The Lake itself is a beautiful body of water. In the season it is alive with 
 boats. Some of the summer villas are magnificent. 
 
 Glencoe. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- 
 Western railway, nineteen miles from the City Hall. It is one of the prettiest 
 suburbs on the North Shore. 
 
 Glen Ellyn. — Situated on the Galena division, of the Chicago & North- 
 western railway, twenty-three miles from the City Hall. The location is 
 most charming. The property upon which this suburb has been established 
 is in Du Page county, and lies north and east of the beautiful village of 
 Prospect Park. High and heavily wooded hills almost encircle a sloping 
 valley, near the centre of which is the tract of 130 acres to be reserved for a 
 park. In the centre of this park are the mineral springs. Across the valley 
 a dam has been built, and the water from a number of non-mineral sorings 
 farther to the west has formed a lake of fifty acres, upon which a fleet of 
 boats has been placed. The mineral springs are five in number, and form 
 a cluster in the centre of the park. The flow from these springs varies from 
 50 to 150 gallons a minute each, and the combined flow per minute from the 
 five is about 500 gallons. 
 
 Glenwood. — Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, twenty- 
 three and one-half miles from the City Hall. [See Training Schools.] 
 
 Goodenow. — Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, thirty- 
 four miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Grand Grossing — Situated on the Illinois Central and on all lines of rail- 
 road running south, nine and three-fourths miles from the City Hall. Some 
 very important industries are located here, among them the Calumet Iron and 
 Steel Works. Here also is located the old Cornell Watch Factory. 
 
 Grant Locomotive Works Addition to Chicago.— This property is situated 
 at the southwest corner of Twelfth street and Hyman avenue (or West Forty- 
 eighth street), and is immediately east of the great Locomotive Works. The 
 locomotive plant occupies a space of about forty acres, in the center of the 
 famous section twenty-one. Large and substantial buildings have been con- 
 structed and are now being equipped with the latest improved machinery, 
 making these works the most modern in the United States. It is the only 
 
454 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 locomotive manufacturing establishment west of Pittsburg, Pa., and Dunkirk, 
 N. Y. A large force of skilled mechanics will find steady employment in 
 these works, the capacity of which will be at first about 250 locomotives per 
 annum, and it is confidently expected that this output will be increased from 
 year to year. The entire plant will be in full operation not later than March, 
 1892, and it is expected that from 1,500 to 2,000 men will find constant 
 employment in this one industry. This will be a new manufacturing district, 
 and its magnitude will attract kindred concerns employing large numbers of 
 men. The property which Bogue & Company offer for sale will have all 
 modern improvements, such as macadamized streets, sidewalks, water pipes, 
 and sewers. 
 
 Grayland. — Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 
 eight miles from the City Hall. A pretty suburb. 
 
 Gray's Lake. — Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 
 forty-five and one-half miles from the City Hall. A delightful summer resort. 
 
 Greenwood. — Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, 
 twenty-two and one-fourth miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Greggs. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, twenty 
 and three fourths miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Griffith. — A new manufacturing suburb, situated in Lake county, Indi- 
 ana, on the lines of the Michigan Central, Grand Trunk, Chicago & Erie and 
 Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Belt railroads. Take train at Central Depot, foot of 
 Lake st., or at Dearborn Station, Polk st. and Third ave. There are immense 
 transactions in real estate for manufacturing sites going on here. The town 
 has become prominent lately because of its proximity to the new packing 
 industries that are to be moved into Lake county by Armour, Swift and Mor- 
 ris. [See New Stock Yards.] 
 
 Grossdale. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 
 tweve miles west of the City Hall. Grossdale is one of the many charming 
 suburbs which owe their origin to the restless activity, sound judgment and 
 liberal public spirit of S. E. Gross. The suburban village of Grossdale is 
 located in a natural park of about 300 acres, and the growth of the place has 
 been justly pronounced "one of those phenomenal evidences of progress, 
 enterprise and artistic sentiment that now serve to distinguish the World's 
 Fair city from all the rest of creation." 
 
 Mr. Gross, before beginning the construction of Grossdale, had 
 platttd, subdivided, built and sold more than twenty suburbs. He had sold 
 in the course of eleven years 40,000 lots and had built more than 11,000 houses. 
 At nineteen years of age he was a captain in the United States army, fighting 
 at the front in the War of the Rebellion. The youngest captain in the service, 
 he came home in 1865, covered with honors and with scars. In 1866 he left 
 his boyhood's home in Mount Carroll, 111., and came to Chicago, where he 
 began soon the practice of law. In 1888 he went into the real estate business. 
 His Madison street subdivision, " Gross Terrace," was the one on 
 which he tried his apprentice hand. Then, with experience, came Gross 
 Park, Argyle Park, Brookdale and Villa Ridge. Humboldt Park fol- 
 lowed, and Under the Linden, at Avondale; Calumet Heights, Kerwin Station 
 at Oak Park, the Archer avenue subdivision, and finally Grossdale and 
 Dauphin Park. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 455 
 
 Gross Park. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & 
 North-Western railway, about four and one-half miles from the City Hall. 
 One of the several suburban towns founded by S. E. Gross. This 
 suburb was intended for the homes of workingmen, and it has grown wonder- 
 fully within the past few years. Nearly all the residents own their own kouses. 
 
 Gurnee. —Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, thirty- 
 eight miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Hammond. — Hammond is a suburb of Chicago, in the State of Indiana, 
 situated almost at the present head of the navigable waters of the Calumet 
 river, and accessible by the Michigan Centra], the Chicago & Western 
 Indiana, the Chicago Belt Line, the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago, the 
 New York, Chicago & St. Louis (" Nickel Plate "), the Chicago & Atlantic, 
 and the Pittsburg, Cincinnati & St. Louis ("Panhandle '') railroads. Take 
 trains at Union depot, Canal and Adams sts., Van Buren Street depot, Van 
 Buren and Sherman sts., Central depot, foot of Lake St., or Dearborn Station, 
 Polk st. and Third ave. Hammond, it appears, is destined to become one of 
 the greatest manufacturing towns in the vicinity of Chicago, but not until 
 within the past few years has its development been marked or extraordinary. 
 One of the first settlers of Hammond was E. W. Hohman. He located at 
 Hammond away back in the year 1849, kept a tavern and was justice of the 
 peace. The little outpost was then known as Hohman's Bridge. It was a 
 stage station between Chicago and Michigan City. Mr. Hohman owned about 
 1,0U0 acres of the land upon which the present corporate limits of the city are 
 located. Even in those early days Mr. Hohman firmly believed that Ham- 
 mond would at some future day become a great city. In 1869 he sold fifteen 
 acres of this tract to the G. H. Hammond Packing Company. This was the 
 start of the town. The packing interests soon drew about it the nucleus of 
 the town. The company erected buildings for its employes. Two or three 
 stores were erected, a town site mapped out, and work begun. At first the 
 packing interests were of a very mcdest nature. Less than twenty -five cattle 
 were slaughtered'a day, fifteen to twenty being the average, and about as many 
 men were employed. The beef was the first ever shipped East from Chicago 
 in refrigerator cars. From this small beginning the business increased year 
 by year until to-day the Hammond plant is the largest of its kind in the 
 world. At present nearly 1,100 men are employed at the slaughtering houses, 
 and upward of 5,000 cattle are killed weekly and shipped East. In 1888 the 
 output of G. H. Hammond & Co. aggregated over $20,000,000; in 1889 it 
 went up to nearly $26,000,000, and in 1891 it aggregated nearly $40,000,000. 
 Around this little center new industries soon sought a location. In 
 1886 the Chicago Steel Manufacturing Company located there. A site of 
 fifteen acres of land was secured and upward of $500,000 was invested. 
 Large buildings of brick and glass have been put up, and when running to 
 full capacity it employs from 400 to 600 men and boys. The Tuthill Spring 
 Company located in 1883. It has an invested capital of possibly $75,000 and 
 gives employment to at least 150 men. The Calumet Canning Company has 
 $300,000 invested and employs 300 hands; the Chicago Ax Company, with 
 $50,000 invested, employs 300 men; the Stein, Hirsch & Co.'s Starch Woiks, 
 with $300,000 invested, employs 200 hands, and the Hammond Milling 
 Company, with a capital of $100,000, employs fifty hands. But the most 
 important manufacturing additions to Hammond are of comparatively recent 
 date. In 1890 the Brown-Bonnel! Company purchased land at Hammond 
 
456 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 upon which it established a complete steel industry at an expenditure of 
 $3,000,000. The new works of the Brown-BonnelTCompany will materially 
 transform Hammond. When these works are complete the manufacturing 
 interests in the district east of the packing houses will give employment to 
 over 4,000 men. With the exception of the Illinois Steel Company at South 
 Chicago this company will be the strongest manufacturing concern in the 
 Calumet basin. It will form one link of the chain of manufactories extend- 
 ing from the mouth of the Calumet river to East Chicago, and embiacing the 
 works of the Illinois Steel Company, the Iroquois Furnace Company, the 
 Chicago Smelting and Refining Company, the Rolling Mill Company at Iron- 
 dale, the Rolling Stock Company at Hegewisch, and the Rolling Mill Com- 
 pany at East Chicago. Such are the manufacturing interests already located 
 at Hammond, and more are daily coming in. The more recent only date 
 since last summer. The P. E. Lane Iron Bridge Works have bought a 
 twenty-two acre tract in section thirty for $1,500 from W. H. Russell. This 
 company manufactures iron bridges and employs upward of 200 men. Its 
 present works are located at Fifty-seventh st. and the Fort Wayne tracks, 
 whence they will be removed to Hammond and started anew upon a larger 
 plane. The Kingsley Foundry and Manufacturing Company of Elyria, Ohio, 
 has also decided to locate at Hammond. This company has secured two 
 acres in section one, and will at once proceed to erect buildings to cost 
 $15,000 to $20,000 and will place machinery in them costing as much more. 
 It will employ fully 100 men. The company manufactures iron castings, 
 sewer pipes, etc. Besides these two concerns the American Hominy Flake 
 Company, of Yellow Springs, Ohio, has also secured a site in the Oakhill 
 sub-division to Hammond. This company has a capital of $100,000, and 
 proposes to spend from $30,000 to $35,000 in buildings on their new site. A 
 new elevator is to be built and an oatmeal mill. A large number of manu- 
 facturing concerns have purchased sites for their works within the past year. 
 Here will probably locate the greatest packing plant in the world (see New 
 Stock Yards) and an immense brewery. Already the growing city of Ham- 
 mond is stretching out branch towns in several directions. One and a half 
 miles to the northwest is Calumet Park, really a suburb of Hammond. This 
 town is located on the Calumet terminal and Panhandle railroads. The 
 National Surface Company, a large concern, has already established a factory 
 there. The corporation manufactures iron cattle guards. Hegewisch, East 
 Chicago and Whiting are all thriving manufacturing towns. 
 
 The location of Hammond is very desirable, both for manufacturing and 
 residence purposes, There is a plentiful supply of pure water, and modern 
 improvements in lighting, sewering, paving and architecture are being made 
 with amazing rapidity. The visitor can spend a day or two pleasantly and 
 profitably in Hammond and vicinity. 
 
 Harlem. — Situated between the towns of River Forest and Oak Park, on 
 the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. 
 
 Harvey. — Situated two miles south of the southern city limits, at the 
 junction of the Illinois Central, Big Four, and Grand Trunk railroads. Take 
 the Illinois Central train at foot of Randolph orVanBuren street; or take 
 train at Dearborn station, Third ave. and Polk st. Itarvey, though one of 
 the youngest, is one of the most important of Chicago's manufacturing sub- 
 urbs. Harvey, founded August 1890, now has a population of nearly 4,000. 
 Sixty trains a day connect it with the heart of the city, and railroad lines 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 457 
 
 other than those mentioned above are arranging to pass through the town, 
 and the transportation facilities will be of the very best. Unlike most sub- 
 urbs of Chicago, Harvey has excellent drainage facilities, being from twenty- 
 one to twenty-eight feet above the Calumet river, and having a brick sewer 
 four feet in diameter, fourteen feet below the surface, extending to the river. 
 That portion of Harvey lying east of the Illinois Central railroad, and the 
 land lying north of the Chicago and Grand Trunk Ry. , and west of Ashland ave. , 
 will be devoted exclusively to manufacturing purposes. The rest of the 
 town being reserved for residences. Harvey has graded streets and side- 
 walks. Water works are completed, consisting of water tower, mains, and 
 artesian wells of large capacity. Parks sKirt the west side of the Illinois 
 Central railroad. A boulevard is made on 155th st. A $14,000 church is 
 built in the same locality near Lexington ave. A bank building is complete, 
 and hundreds of residences are already constructed. As a temperance, manu- 
 facturing town, Harvey is famous throughout the whole country. Among 
 the works already established at Harvey are: The Harvey Steel works, The 
 Grinnell Wagon Works, The Atkinson Steel & Spring Works, Middleton Car 
 Spring Co., The Bellaire Stamping Co., The Wells Glass Co., The Buda 
 Foundry & Manufacturing Co., The Craver & Steele Manufacturing Co., 
 Laughlio Manufacturing Co., Automatic Mower & Manufacturing Co., A J. 
 Sweeney & Son, and applications from other manufacturing companies to 
 remove their plants are uoder consideration. The freight rates to and from 
 Harvey are the same as to and from Chicago. Because Harvey is to be to a 
 great extent a manufacturing town, it must not be supposed that it is not 
 adapted for the suburban home of the city merchant, business and professional 
 man There are many sites for lovely homes. An electric railroad has just 
 been completed proving a decided success, and an electric light plant fur- 
 nishes light for the streets. Stores and a number of factories group them- 
 selves together along the residence streets and boulevards. On the boulevard 
 no residence is to be erected of less value than $2,500, and all buildings are to 
 be placed twenty-five feet back of the face line of street. In tbe section 
 bounded by 154th st. on the north, Ashland ave. on the west, and 157th st. 
 on the south, excepting blocks 92 and 93, no buildings are to be erected of 
 less value than $2,000. Outside of this area the only restrictions is a build- 
 ing line. All residences are to be twenty feet back of face line of street. On 
 all property west of Ashland ave. no house can be erected that shall be of less 
 cost than the value of the lot. On residence lots west of Ashland ave. the 
 building line is fifteen feet and twenty feet on 150th street boulevard. 
 
 Harvey is in all respects the most successful temperance town ever 
 founded, and, therefore, free from the many demoralizing influences result- 
 ing from the sale of liquor. 
 
 Hawthorne. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 
 six miles from the city. At present there are many neat and substantial cot- 
 tages on several of the streets, which are all graded and have sidewalks laid. 
 The ground is twenty to thirty feet above city level, thus giving fine drainage 
 facilities and pure air. There is a school-house and a church, and plans are 
 being perfected for the erection of other places of worship. Shade trees are 
 laid out on the streets, which are improved with crushed stone. Hawthorne 
 was laid out by G. S. Hubbard some years ago, and has since been subdivided 
 and improved in many respects. Half a mile north of the land the proposed 
 site for the Grant Locomotive Works is situated, and about the same distance 
 
458 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 away in another direction there will be the Northern Pacific railroad shops 
 Of the already established industries of the locality the immense quarries'of 
 Dolese & Shepard take first rank. For paving and building purposes the 
 stone from these quarries is greatly thought of. Employment is given to 
 over 300 men in summer and about 150 in winter. 
 
 Hegewisch. — Situated just within the southern limits of the city, east of 
 Calumet Lake and on the Calumet river. A most prosperous manufacturing 
 town, possessing all that is requisite to make it such, cheap grounds, compe- 
 tition facilities afforded both by rail and water, are the causes assigned for 
 the present promise of a most desirable location for any manufacturing 
 industry. The government has already made appropriation for the improve- 
 ment of the Calumet river, the intention being to widen it to 200 feet, with a 
 depth of from sixteen to eighteen feet, thus rendering it navigable for the 
 largest lake vessels. The to wn is named after the president of the United States 
 Rolling Stock Company. The company began operations here in 1884, when only 
 a small tavern occupied the site wherein now are 3,000 inhabitants. In 1885 
 manufacturing was commenced, and also the erection of houses for the 
 accommodation of this company's workmen. The plant now represents an 
 investment of $1,800,000, consisting of buildings, extensive docks, fourteen 
 miles of trackage in their yards, etc., etc. This plant has a capacity of 
 10,000 freight cars per annum, and employs 1,200 men. The Compound 
 Lumber Company's plant, employing 90 men for the manufacture of veneered 
 doors by machinery, and the Mahla & Chappell Chemical Works, 75 men, are 
 located here. The cheap transportation of iron ores by water adds to the 
 advantages of Hegewisch as a most eligible point for the manufacture of heavy 
 iron work. The railroads furnishing outlets to the Hegewisch shippers are: 
 The Michigan Central; Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago; Chicago & Erie; 
 Louisville, New Albany & Chicago; Nickel Plate; and the two belt lines, 
 Chicago & Western Indiana, and Chicago & Calumet terminal railroads, 
 afford connections with every railroad running out of Chicago. 
 
 Hessville. — Situated on the New York, Chicago & St.Louis (Nickel Plate) 
 railway, 22^ miles from the City Hall. A manufacturing suburb. 
 
 Highlands. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 
 seventeen and a half miles from the city hall, on highly elevated and beauti- 
 fully wooded lands, shade trees have been planted and will in a short time 
 give ample shade to the streets. Streets are macadamized. To the enterprise 
 of Messrs. Bogue & Co., and the excellent suburban service of the C. B. & Q. 
 road is due the popularity of the suburb. 
 
 Highland Park. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & 
 North- Western railway. A beautiful suburb on the north shore. There 
 are many handsome homes here. The town is wooded nicely and the lawns 
 are very pretty. 
 
 High Ridge. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & 
 North- Western railway, 8]4 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Hinsdale. — Situated on the Chic igo, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 17 
 miles from the City Hall. The town was founded about twenty years ago. 
 It is far enough from Chicago to be entirely free from the odors incident to a 
 big city. Abundant shade trees and shrubbery adorn the residence grounds 
 and line the streets. The avenues are lined with maple, elm, ash, and other 
 forest trees, while adjoining the drives surrounding it are groves of native 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 459 
 
 oak, elm and walnut, interspersed with lovely ferns. Country roads lead in 
 every direction and furnish tempting drives. One of the most attractive 
 drives is along the pretty, meandering stream called Salt creek. The creek 
 is fed by Mammoth spring, which tradition says sprang suddenly into life 
 and engendered the creek. From this drive a view can be had of the old 
 mill and Brush Hill, a village rechristened to the more prosaic name of 
 Fullersburg. In Oak Forest cemetery are other pretty drives. The grounds 
 have been recently laid out by G. K. Wright and incorporated. In the ceme- 
 tery is the Robbing Monument, erected to the founder of the town, who died 
 about two years ago. There is no manufacturing at Hinsdale and none is 
 desired. It is simply a residence suburb. Its very atmosphere suggests the 
 word "home," with all that the inexpressibly sweet term means to the Ameri- 
 can. The houses built upon the knolls of Hinsdale have a view of Chicago 
 in the distance, with all the intervening villages and country. Population, 
 about 2.500. 
 
 Hyde Park Center. — Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, the station 
 being at the foot of 53d st. Everything is "Hyde Park " below Thirty, 
 ninth St., and this common term, which isderived from the name of the town t 
 ship, is made to cover all the stations, suburbs and districts between tha 
 street and the Calumet district. In order to distinguish the village of Hyde 
 Park, therefore, from such points as Kenwood, Woodlawn, etc., this particu- 
 lar section is called " Hyde Park Center." In 1861, when the town of Hyde 
 Park was incorporated, there were 350 persons living in the town, seventy- 
 one of whom were voters. The census of 1870 showed a population in the 
 whole town of 3,644; in 1880 there were 15,724; in 1885 there were triple the 
 number shown in 1880, and in 1890 there were fully 90,000 people living in 
 what was in 1889 the largest village in the world, village government hav- 
 ing been adopted in 1872. The village hall, located on Lake ave. near Fifty- 
 third street, made Hyde Park Center the social as well as political center of 
 the whole town. To tell the full story of Hyde Park Center it would be 
 necessary to tell the story of the old town and village of Hyde, which by 
 annexation became a part of Chicago in 1889. Until 1852 those forty-eight 
 square miles lying along the lake shore south of Thirty-ninth st. and east of 
 State street, extending south to One Hundred and Thirty-eighth street, lay a 
 sterile waste, with scarcely an inhabitant. The early growth of Hyde Park 
 was exceedingly slow, increasing at the rate of about one family per year 
 for the first ten years. Hassan A. Hopkins, the first collector of the town, 
 kept a general store in a shanty, ten feet square, until 1868, when he built the 
 store which is still standing on the southeast corner of Lake avenue and 
 Fifty-first street. Dr. W. S. Johnson, the first Homceopathist in town, had 
 his office in the upper story. Dr. J. Ramsey Flood, the first Allopathist, 
 was already on the ground. The first church was built in 1858, and stood 
 on the northeast corner of Lake avenue and Fifty-third street. It was first 
 used by believers of all denominations. In 1860 it was deeded by Mr. Cor- 
 nell to the Presbyterians. In 1870 a new church building was dedicated on 
 the site where now stands a still newer and larger place of worship, dedicated 
 in the year 1890. The history of this church is the history of the people 
 of the Center iu the early days. To-day all the denominations have large 
 societies and church edifices of their own. The Methodists occupy an impos- 
 ing granite-front temple on Fifty-fourth street, the Catholics have a new 
 church on rvimbark avenue, and the Episcopalians a chapel on Washington 
 avenue. The first public school was erected in the year 1863, at Monroe 
 
460 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 avenue and Fifty-fourth street. The people of Hyde Park have always 
 taken great pride in the public schools, and commencement season 
 is still looked forward to, by all the members of every household, as 
 a matter of personal interest. Leslie Lewis has been superintendent 
 of schools since 1875, and is still retained by the city. The water 
 supply since 1882 has been better than that of the city of Chicago, Hyde Park 
 having water works of its own worth over half a million of dollars. There are 
 three large social clubs at Hyde Park Center. [See Hyde Park Suburban Club, 
 Park Club and Chicago Cycling Club.] Hyde Park Center has a large hotel, 
 and several others are contemplated. Rosalie Music Hall, Fifty-seventh street 
 and Rosalie court, is the place where all the public entertainments and meet- 
 ings are held. It has a seating capacity of 700. So closely connected and 
 blended with the Center are Madison Park, orFiftiethstreet, and South Park, 
 or Fifty-seventh street, that a separate consideration of them would be diffi- 
 cult, as they are identified with the Center in all essential interests. South Park 
 Station was formerly called Woodpile, when Charles A. Norton settkd in its 
 vicinity, in 1863. It was so named because of the pile of wood which stood 
 there as fuel for the locomotives. Mr. Norton had the name changed to 
 Woodville, and afterwards, when the bill creating the South Park system was 
 passed, in 1869, it was again changed to South Park. A $3,000 depot now 
 marks the spot where the woodpile formerly stood. 
 
 Irving Park. — Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & 
 North-Western railway, 63^ miles from the city. The village was platted 
 and laid out when Chicago was young, and only such sites as possessed 
 great natural beauty and advantages were chosen for suburban residences. 
 Irving Park has a population of about 3,000 people. The original found- 
 ers were all American-b jrn people, and nearly all the population at the 
 present time is of that nationality. They have one of the finest graded pub- 
 lic schools in Cook county, and the Jefferson high school is only ten blocks 
 from this at Montrose. It is natural that such a homogeneous collection of 
 people should develop the social life, and many are the pleasures which draw 
 the Irving Parkite from his cozy fireside to the glowing grate of his neighbor. 
 Besides these parlor associations, this place is the home of many flourishing 
 secret societies. The Irving Park Hall Association was formed in 1890 
 with a capital stock of $15,000, and has erected a building which contains an 
 auditorium that accommodates 600 people, a lodge room, a library, etc. There 
 are some beautiful residences in the suburb. 
 
 Itaska. — Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 21 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Jefferson Park. — Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & 
 North- Western railway, 9 miles from the City Hall. A very attractive suburb. 
 
 Joliet. — Situated on the main line of the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis, and 
 the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroads, 39 miles southwest of the city. It 
 is also reached by the Atchison, Topeka& Sante Fe, the Michigan Central, the 
 Elgin, Joliet & Eastern, the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, and the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy railroads, all of which contribute largely to the traffic 
 of the city. The place has grown in population from 11,000 in 1880 to 27,407 
 in 1890. This does not include the prosperous suburbs, which are in reality a 
 part of the city, which would swell the population to at least 35,000. The 
 completion of the belt line, known as the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern railroad — 
 extending from Waukegan, 111., on the north lake shore to the Baltimore # 
 
THE EXCYCLOPEDTA. 461 
 
 Ohio railroad on the south lake shore — gives to Joliet very superior advan- 
 tages as regards connections and freight rates. Of the 130,000 miles of rail- 
 road in the country Joliet is directiy.connected with 110,000 miles. This city 
 also has the Illinois and Michigan canal, which, it is presumed, will be 
 enlarged to a ship canal at an early date, connecting the Mississippi with the 
 lakes. The freight tonnage from Joliet is enormous. [See Illinois Steel 
 Company.] Lying in close proximity to the city of Joliet are the stone quar- 
 ries, covering on the surface over 1,000 acres of ground and extending to an 
 average depth of twenty-six feet. [See Great Industries.] The wire industry 
 has assumed gigantic proportions, nine firms being engaged in it. Wire is 
 manufactured from home-made rods, and the best quality of fence and other 
 wire produced, the capital invested being $750,000; the annual product, 33,500 
 tons, worth $2,500,000. Several hundred men are employed in this depart- 
 ment, and $600,000 paid annually to them. As good an evidence of the enter- 
 prise and progressive tendency of the city of Joliet as any, is the character of 
 the public buildings that have been erected in the last ten years, prominent 
 amotig which are the Young Men's Christian Association building, 
 which cost $40,000, and includes a grand gymnasium and library 
 hall — the building presents an exceptionally imposing appearance 
 for one of its character; the Richaids Street Methodist church, which cost 
 $30,000, and the Christ Episcopal church, which cost $35,000, and the grand 
 Masonic temple, whose corner-stone was laid June 12,1890. At Joliet is 
 located the JNorthern Illinois penitentiary [Ste State Institutions.] 
 
 Kenosha, Wis. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & 
 North-Western railway, 51J^ miles from the City Hall. A celebrated sum- 
 mer resort. There are medical springs, fine hotels, handsome private houses, 
 beautiful grounds and, in the season, thousands of pleasure and health-seek- 
 ers to be found here. Population, 1890, 6,529 
 
 Kensington (One Hundred and Sixteenth St.). — Situated on the Illinois 
 Central railroad, 15 miles from the City Hall. A prosperous town, with large 
 railroad interests. 
 
 Kenwood. — Situated on the Illinois Central railway, between Forty -third 
 and Fifty-seventh sis., within the city limilsand having no well-defined boun- 
 daries. The " Kenwood " station is at the foot of Forty-seventh st. The 
 name is merely local, and the district is in reality a part of Hyde Park. It 
 has no separate government, nor is it distinguished even as apostoffice,butin 
 this respect is simply recognized as a section of the city, like its immediate 
 neighbors, "Douglas," "Oakland" and "Madison Park." _ As distinctive 
 suburbs or villages these places have long since lost their individuality. Yet 
 Kenwood is an important district in the estimation of the people and one of 
 the most fashionable in the city. The man to see the future of that long strip 
 of sand along the shore of Lake Michigan, extending from Thirty-ninth st. 
 to the Indiana State line, was Paul Cornell. In 1852"Mr. Cornell bought 300 
 acres of land on the lake shore. He conveyed sixty acres to the Illinois Cen- 
 tral railroad upon the company's agreement to run three trains daily to the 
 station at Fifty-sixth st. The trains were started June 1, 1856. In 1858 the 
 station was moved to Fifty-third st. There were then only seven families at 
 the Center — those of Judge J. A. Jameson, Warren S. Bogue, Cl.auncey 
 Stickney. Paul Cornell, Dr. A. B. Newkirk, Charles Spring, Sr. ; Charles 
 Spring. Jr., and Dr Jonathan A. Kennicott. In 1859 Dr. Krnnicott moved 
 to Madison ave. and Forty-eighth st. and called his place Kenwood, after 
 
462 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Kenwood, near Edinburgh, Scotland, where his mother was born. Kenwood 
 Club is the social Mecca of Kenwood. Although there is a deal of enter- 
 taining at private houses, all the families belong to the club, and its weekly 
 entertainments are always counted on and allowed for on the social calendar. 
 There are at present 350 members of this club. [See Kenwood Club.] 
 Kenwood Institute is located here. [See Kenwood Institute.] Kenwood 
 is bounded on the west by that magnificent avenue known as " Drexel boule- 
 vard," and is contiguous to Washington Park. It is a beautiful section of 
 the city and worthy of a visit. The proper way to view it is by private con- 
 veyance. It can be reached by the Cottage Grove ave. cable line. The pri- 
 vate residences of Kenwood are among the finest in the city. Among the 
 most noticeable mansions are those of Charles CouDselman, Greenwood ave. 
 and Fifty-first st.; W. E. Hale, Drexel blvd. and Forty-sixth St.; Martin A. 
 Ryerson, Drexel blvd. and Forty-ninth St.; William H. Burnet, Kimbark ave. 
 and Forty-seventh St., and Dr. Almon Brooks, 5653 Lake ave. 
 
 Lacton. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 23 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 LaFox. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western 
 railway, 40 miles from the City Hall. A hunters' rendezvous. 
 
 LaGrange. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad 14 
 miles from the city hall, and 6 miles from the city limits, is the largest subur- 
 ban town on the line between Chicago and Aurora, having nearly 5,000 
 inhabitants. There are two stations in the village, one at Fifth, and the other 
 at Stone Avenue. The railroad service is of the best, the distance from the 
 Union depot being but 27 minutes, with 42 passenger trains a day, which stop 
 at LaGrange. This most important feature of being nearer the city hall in 
 point of time, than most of the aristocratic residence districts within the city, 
 has been one of the principal elements in the development of LaGrange. The 
 town has large water works and electric light systems, and every house is 
 fully supplied with all city conveniences. Lying as it does, 66 feet above 
 lake datum, every portion of the village is given a most healthful and sani 
 tary location, which has been rendered the more secure by the completion at 
 great expense of an unusually fine drainage and sewerage system. Unlike 
 most suburban towns, LaGrange has a large commercial interest. There are 
 a number of fine business blocks and well stocked stores of all kinds. So sharp 
 is competition in all lines of business, that the people of LaGrange are enabled 
 to buy goods at Chicago prices. This, together with the fact that there is a 
 large farming community to supply, makes business in LaGrange lively and 
 flourishing. Added to all this LaGrange is, as its inhabitants love to call it, 
 the " Garden spot of Cook county." It is, as it were, an oasis in the prairie. 
 Double rows of shade trees lining either side of the streets, and almost hiding 
 the houses from view, are its greatest beauty and attraction. Evergreen 
 hedges and artistic shrubbery abound, lending beauty and effect. LaGrange 
 is far famed for the wealth of its stately elms and graceful maples, which 
 make its drives and walks the artist's joy. The social features of LaGrange.. 
 its cultivated society, and the fraternal and enterprising spirit of its citizens, 
 and the active support given the six prosperous churches (which include all the 
 principal denominations) together with the exceptional educational advan- 
 tages furnished through its high schools and graded grammer schools offer- 
 ing every opportunity to the young, are great inducements to those seeking 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 463 
 
 ideal homes. Tlie architectural designs of the houses are pleasing and varied. 
 Many of the houses give evidence of wealth, and the majority bespeak for 
 their owner's comfortable circumstances. LaGrange Park is beautifully 
 situated near the village on the banks of the Des Plaines river, and should 
 be visited by all desiring pretty scenery, and recreation in a beautiful dell. 
 
 LaVergne. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, lOJ^ 
 miles from the City Hall. A small suburb. 
 
 Lake.— Situated on the Michigan Central railroad, 35 miles from the City 
 Hall. 
 
 Lake Bluff. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & 
 North- Western railway, 3034 miles from the City Hall. This place is con- 
 ducted after the manner of Chautauqua. During the summer there are 
 frequent gatherings of religious, temperance and literary people on the beau 
 tiful heights which overlook Lake Michigan. There are splendid hotel 
 accommodations here. 
 
 Lake Forest. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & 
 North-Western railroad, 283^ miles from the City Hall, on the north shore of 
 Lake Michigan. The early history of the ground which it covers is full of 
 Indian romance, and associated with events of great importance in connection 
 with the settlement of the West. The forces of General Scott marched along 
 this territory and pitched their tents beneath the leafy expanse of the forest 
 during the Black Hawk War of 1831. It was at that time that the famous old 
 warrior had his soldiers remove the underbrush and blaze the trees, thus con- 
 structing the first roadway from Chicago to Green Bay. It was then tortuous 
 and uncertain in its course. It still remains the highway to the west of the 
 railroad, and is called the Green Bay or old Waukegan road. Of the later 
 history of Lake Forest few of its inhabitants, it is safe to say, have an ade- 
 quate knowledge. Like Evanston, the town owes its beginning to the estab- 
 lishment of a university. Unlike Evanston, the university once established 
 did not become the life of the town, nor has it in any way been responsible 
 for its growth. [See Lake Forest University.] Of Lake Forest much 
 might be said. Its natural beauties are such as can be appreciated only when 
 seen. Imagine yourself on a bluff which rises abruptly from the water's 
 edge to a height of 100 or more feet. To the east is the broad expanse of blue 
 water. North and south, as far as the eye can reach, is nothing to obstruct 
 the view. Turning around and looking westward the scene changes. Along 
 the bluff and close to its precipitous descent are magnificent dwellings, sur- 
 rounded by spacious lawns, adorned with luxuriant flower beds. A few steps 
 to the westward and the lake is hidden from view. You are in the midst of 
 as beautiful a forest of trees as you have ever seen. At one time it must 
 have been well-nigh impenetrable. Only a sufficient number of trees have 
 been removed to allow of building and beautifying. 
 
 Lakeside. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- 
 Western railroad, 173^ miles from the City Hall. A new and pretty suburb. 
 
 Lake Villa. — Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 51J^ 
 miles from the City Hall. Here is located a magnificent summer resort hotel, 
 erected by Mr. E. J. Lehman, of this city. It is the point at which many 
 of the Fox Lake pleasure-seekers stop, or leave the road for the beautiful 
 lakes in this vicinity. 
 
464 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Lemont. — Situated on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis railroad, 25^ miles 
 from the City Hall. Immense building stone quarries are operated here. 
 [See Great Industries.] 
 
 Liberty ville.— Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 32 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Linden Park. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railway, about 63^ miles from the City Hall. A small suburb 
 within the limits. 
 
 Lisle.— Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 26 miles 
 from the City Hall. 
 
 Lockport. — Situated on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis, and Chicago, 
 Santa Fe & California railways, 37 miles from the city. This is the point at 
 which the new drainage canal works will end, so far as the management of 
 the sanitary district of Chicago is concerned. [See Drainage and Ship 
 
 f!s.t>a] 1 
 
 Lombard. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North 
 Western railway, 20 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Madison Park (Fiftieth Street). — Situated on the Illinois Central rail 
 road, 6.13 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Mandel. — A pretty suburb on the ^Chicago & Northern Pacific Railroad, 
 6 miles from the Court-house. Take train at Grand Central depot, Harrison 
 st. and Fifth ave. This place has grown in population and importance lately. 
 R. W. Hyman, Jr., & Co., 184 Dearborn st., are agents for property at Man- 
 del, and will give intending purchasers all necessary information 
 
 Manhattan. — Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, 40 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Maple Park. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railway, 503^ miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Maplewood. — Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railway, 4% miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Marley. — Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, 30 miles 
 from the City Hall. 
 
 Matteson. — Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 28^ miles from the 
 City Hall. 
 
 Maynard. — Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, near 
 Joliet crossing, 32 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Maywood. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West- 
 ern railway, 10 miles from the City Hall. Maywood is the chief village of 
 the township of Proviso, and is quite a manufacturing town. The Des- 
 plaines river flows along its entire eastern boundary, and the town site is 
 twenty-five feet above the level of the river and seventy feet above 
 the level of the lake. Its history goes back twenty years, when the 
 site of the town wis a trackless prairie and was known as the Niles farm. 
 The Desplaines river adds greatly to the natural beauty of the place. 
 Its course at this point is winding. Its banks on either side are undulating 
 and well wooded. The stream is deep enough at all seasons of the year to 
 
70 sr 
 
 i-c (D 
 
 Z a 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 465 
 
 admit of boating. The town itself gives one the impression of a miniature 
 forest in the center of a broad expanse of prairie. The trees planted over 
 twenty years ago have matured and now lend their shade and attractiveness 
 to the streets and lawns. The educational, social and religious advantages 
 of the place have made Maywood a very popular suburb. 
 
 McCaffrey. — Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 11 miles 
 from the City Hall. 
 
 Melrose.— Situated just west of Maywood on the Galena division of the 
 Chicasro & North- Western railway, about ten and a quarter miles from the 
 City Hall. 
 
 Millers. —Situated on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railway, 30 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Mokena.— Situated on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway, 30 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Monee— Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 34^ miles from the 
 City Hall. 
 
 Mont Clare— Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 10 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Montrose.— Situated at the crossing of two double track main line rail- 
 ways, at the junction of the Evanston cut-off and the Chicago & North- 
 western and West Chicago Belt line, 1% miles from the City Hall. The 
 town was founded in the fall of 1870, just one year before the great Chicago 
 fire, the railway companies being interested in its early formation. Montrose 
 is delightfully located. It is the exact geographical center of the town of 
 Jefferson, May fair postoffice being the central distributing point for the sur- 
 rounding settlements. It is fifty feet above the lake and thirty feet above the 
 north braQch of the Chicago river, which affords splendid drainage, and like 
 many others of the older suburbs it is fast ripening into a most beautiful place 
 by the growth of the trees which were set out by its founders. 
 
 Moreland. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago and North- 
 western railway, about 6 miles from the City Hall. A pleasant little hamlet 
 within the limits. 
 
 Morgan Park. — A suburb of 2,500 inhabitants, including many represent- 
 ative business men of Chicago. It is thirteen miles from the Court-house, and 
 is just outside the city limits, which form its northern and eastern boundaries. 
 By being outside the city it controls its own improvements, keeps out the 
 saloons and escapes city taxes. Situated upon the highest part of the famous 
 Blue Island Ridge, which is in marked contrast to the surrounding-level land, 
 it has an elevation of 100 feet above Lake Michigan, and commands a view of 
 the whole surrounding country. On account of the elevation, the broken 
 character of the land and the profusion of shade trees, it has natural beauties 
 unsurpassed by any land in Cook county. While Morgan Park is essentially 
 a residence suburb, it is the geographical centre of the great industrial region 
 of Calumet, which comprises South Chicago, Harvey, Pullman, West Pull- 
 man, and many other manufacturing districts. Morgan Park is, therefore, 
 not only available to the men engaged in commercial pursuits in the business 
 portion of Chicago, but is the natural residence locality for the whole Calumet 
 region, which is probably developing more rapidly than any other manufac- 
 turing and industrial community in the world. 
 
466 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 A notable feature of Morgan Park is its educational institutions. The 
 University of Chicago, which will open next October, has located its prepara- 
 tory school at this point. It has absorbed the Baptist Theological School and 
 the Illinois Military Academy, and will spend $150,000 in erecting additional 
 buildings. The University is richly endowed, and expects within a few years 
 to rival the oldest and best universities in the East. The Chicago Female 
 College at Morgan Park is a young ladies' school of the first order. It is 
 taxed constantly to the limit of its capacity The Quakers are at present 
 negotiating, with every prospect of success, for ground at Morgan Park on 
 which to build a $40,000 school, and establish a general headquarters for the 
 society throughout the United States. In addition to the colleges there are 
 excellent public schools, and a handsome public library, well stocked with 
 choice books. 
 
 Morgan Park has already four churches, namely, Baptist, Methodist, 
 Episcopal and Congregational. The Presbyterians are endeavoring at present 
 to raise money to build them a suitable place of worship. 
 
 The water and sewer systems are excellent. All the dwellings are sup- 
 plied with water from two artesian wells, which have a capacity far in excess 
 of the present demand. The sanitary conditions are unexcelled. The eleva- 
 tion of the land affords perfect drainage, with no possibility of malarial dis- 
 eases incident to Hat localities with imperfect sewerage. 
 
 The railroad accommodations are good, and are improving each year. 
 Both the main line and the branch of the Rock Island road pass through Mor- 
 gan Park, and run eighteen trains a day each way. The New Chicago Central 
 road, which has just been completed and will be in operation as soon as spring- 
 opens, belongs to the Northern Pacific system, and is a double-track suburban 
 road of the first order. Through a combination of the Baltimore & Ohio, 
 Chicago Central and Rock Island railroads, Morgan Paik will have a direct 
 connection with the World's Fair grounds during the Exposition. In addition 
 there are three projected electiic roads which will connect Morgan Park with 
 the surrounding suburbs. It is also extremely probable that the South Side 
 elevated railroad will be extended to Morgan Park. The present railroad fare 
 to the city is 9 7-10 cents a ride on a commutation ticket. 
 
 Morgan Park has passed the experimental stage, and has entered upon an 
 era of prosperous growth. During the last year there were built over fifty 
 new residences, two handsome business blocks and two new depots. Another 
 business block, to cost over $70,000, is now being built and will be completed 
 about the 1st of May. The town board has recently passed an ordinance, and 
 the first of the contracts have been let, for over ten miles of street improve- 
 ments, comprising 1 water, sewer and macadam. These improvements will 
 complete the drainage and paving systems of Morgan Park, and will form the 
 most perfect system of street improvements of any suburb of Chicago. 
 
 The prices of property are low. They have kept pace with the growth 
 and development of the suburb, but have not been inflated by any unhealthy 
 boom. The rapid advance will come this year, owing to the large number of 
 buildings completed last season and the greater number to be built this year, 
 the extensive street improvements, the opening of the new college and the 
 completion of the new railroad. 
 
 Morton Park. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 
 6% miles from the City Hall. Its history dates back to 1888, and the town 
 owes its origin to a syndicate which purchased the land, and has spared no 
 expense in making it a delightful place. Prominent among the syndicate 
 were P. B. Weare. John Cudahy, James E. Booge, John H. Hurlbut, O. F. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 4G7 
 
 Wolf and C. C. Rubins. It is twenty three feet above the level of the lake, 
 and trees of all kinds have been planted which will in time give ample shade 
 to the streets. The town took its name from ex-Governor Morton, of 
 Nebraska. For so young a suburb Morton Park is provided with more than 
 the usual amount of improvements. All the streets are macadamized and con- 
 nected with the city gassystem Its elevation is such, as to make the drainage 
 problem an easy one. Its contiguity to the business portion of the city and 
 the excellent suburban service of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy road 
 are two things that add to the popularity of the town. 
 
 Mount Forest. — Situated on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis railroad, 16% 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Mount Greenwood. — Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 
 16% miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Mount Prospect. — Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago and 
 North-Western railway, 20 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Naperville.— Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railway, 30 
 miles from the City Hall. This was the nearest settlement to Chicago in 1830. 
 Mr. Stephen Scott, afterward a banker of the place, settled therein that year. 
 During the following two years a number of families arrived by way of the 
 lakes, passing through Chicago. Among them was a Mr Naper, for whom 
 the town was named. At that time a number of the immigrants viewed the site 
 of Chicago with disfavor, and really believed that Naperville would grow to 
 be the more important place of the two. Mr. H. W. Knickerbocker settled 
 in the village in 1833. The place did not grow as was expected but it has 
 beeD for many years the center of a settlement of sturdy yeomen, and among 
 its citizens are many of the pioneers of Illinois. It is now a beautiful 
 suburb of Chicago; has a number of handsome mansions, charming grounds 
 and other attractions. 
 
 New Lenox. — Situated on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway, 34 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Normal Park. — Situated on the Chicago & Erie railway, 7 miles from the 
 City Hall. Here is located the Cook County Normal School forthe education 
 of school teachers. 
 
 North Evanston. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & 
 North- Western railway, 13 miles from the City Hall. A part of the suburb 
 of Evanston. 
 
 Norwood. — Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- 
 Western railway, 10% miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Oak Glen. — Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 17 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Oakland (Thirty-ninth st.). — Situated on the Illinois Central railwav, 
 4.59 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Oak Lawn. — Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, 14 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Oak Park.— Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- 
 Western railway, 8% miles from the City Hall. One of the most beautiful 
 suburbs lying to the west. There are mauy elegant houses and handsome 
 churches here. The avenues of the village are shaded by trees and the lawns 
 present a delightful appearance in the summer. 
 
4G8 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Oak Woods. — Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 93^ miles from the 
 City Hall. [See Oak Woods Cemetery.] 
 
 Orchard Place. — Situated on the Chicigo & Northern Pacific railroad, 
 20% miies from the City Hall. 
 
 Orlando -Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, 23 miles 
 from the City Hall. 
 
 Palatine — Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- 
 Western railway, 27 miles from the City Hall. An old and handsome suburb. 
 
 Park Ridge. — Situated on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railway, 13% miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Park Side (Seventieth St.). — Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 8% 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Pine. — Situated on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railway, 22% 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Prairie View. — Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 34% 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Prospect Park. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railway, 22% miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Pullman (One Hundred and Eleventh st.). — Situated on the Illinois Cen- 
 tral railroad, 13% miles from the City Hall. [See Pullman, under heading 
 "Great Industnts. '] 
 
 Racine, Wis — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & 
 North- Western railway, 68 miles from the City Hall. A large and prosperous 
 town. Manufactures of various kinds are carried on here. The town is 
 beautifully located on the north shore of Lake Michigan. Population, 1890, 
 21,022. 
 
 Ravenswood. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railway, 5 miles from the City Hall. Its contiguity to the city 
 makes it a very desirable residence suburb for Chicago people whose business 
 demauds their close attention. The town had its origin in the formation of a 
 syndicate organized in 1868; L. A. Willard. Martin Van Allen, Judge G. M. 
 Wilson, D A. Jones, S. Hodges, C. P. Leland, C. T. Brown, A. F. Seer- 
 berger and M. Ladel being its principal promoters. The town was named 
 after a village in New Jersey. Ravenswood has nothing in its history to par- 
 ticularly distinguish it from other suburban towns. Until 1886 it gave no 
 promise of becoming so populous and popular a suburb. But few houses 
 were built by the syndicate. Mr. Leland was .at that time auditor of the 
 Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana roads, and through him scores of 
 lots were sold to the employes of the road. Mmy of them had hardly settled 
 there when they were compelled to move. The road consolidated with the 
 Lake Shore and the general offices were moved to Cleveland, Ohio. This 
 depopulated the town and it became a veritable " deserted village." Follow- 
 ing closely came the panic of 1873, leaving it deader than ever. It remained 
 so until the country intervening filled up and the city expanded. Annexation 
 did wonders for Ravenswood. Since that eventful time the town has been 
 given most all the modern improvements. Every street has been macada- 
 mized and presents a broad, pleasant and shady thoroughfare. The town has 
 been connected with the Lake View gas system. The Lake View High School 
 is located at the southeast corner of the town. It is one of the completest 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 469 
 
 schools in outfit and thoroughness of training in the country. Besides this 
 there are two excellent graded schools. Four denominations have found 
 homes in Ravenswood and have built fine houses of worship. In 1882 the 
 citizens formed a public library association and built a two-story, plain stone, 
 library building. It now contains a well-selected library, which is open to 
 the public e eery evening. There is a hall in the building that is used for 
 public entertainments. 
 
 Ravinia.— Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railroad, 213^ miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Redesdale. — Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 40 miles 
 from the City Hall. 
 
 Rhodes.— Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 13^ miles 
 from the City Hall. 
 
 Richton.— Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 29j^ miles from the 
 City Hall. 
 
 Ridgeland.— Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- 
 Western railway, about 8 miles from the City Hall. This is a charming 
 suburb and one that is growing rapidly. 
 
 Riverdale.— Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg railroad, 20 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 River Forest. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- 
 western and the Wisconsin Central railways, beside the Desplaines river, 9 
 miles west of the City Hall; founded about 1855. In 1860 the first school- 
 house was erected and Miss Frances Willard was made teacher. Through her 
 instrumentality a Sunday-school was established, which resulted in the organ- 
 ization of a church society and the building of a Methodist church. In 1889, 
 the town attracted the attention of home-seekers and since then it has grown 
 rapidly. Population, 1890, about, 1,000. The location is a beautiful and 
 healthful one, eighty feet above the lake. It is literally a town built in a 
 forest. Not only are the streets made inviting by the double rows of elms and 
 oaks, but the houses are almost, without exception, hidden from view by forest 
 trees, some of them four feet in diameter. A complete system of sewerage 
 has been put in and all the streets are paved with Lombard gravel. Most of 
 the streets are eighty feet wide, but River Forest has seven avenues running 
 east and west that are 100 feet wide, for the distance of one mile. The build- 
 ing lines are strictly adhered to and iiot a house but is set back eighty feet 
 from the road. 
 
 Rider Park. — Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 15^ 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Riverside. — Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, and 
 beside the Desplaines river, 12^ miles from the City Hall. This is one of 
 the most charming of Chicago's suburbs. It was laid out on the "Improve- 
 ment Plan" just before the financial panic of 1873; Mr. David Gage, at the 
 time treasurer of the city of Chicago, and a number of prominent capitalists 
 being interested in the enterprise. Avenues, sewered and paved with asphal- 
 tum, wound in semi-circles and serpentine curves through the virgin forest. 
 Grs and water works were provided. A number of handsome mansions were 
 erected, and it was part of the general plan that no residences costing less 
 than $25,000 should be built in the suburb. The panic came, however, before 
 the investment began to make returns; Mr. Gage was discovered to be short 
 
470 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 in his accounts with the city, and stock in the Riverside Company became a 
 drug in the market. About the same time, rumors to the effect that River- 
 side was troubled with malaria were current, and many of those, who had 
 taken up their residence there, deserted their homes and moved back to the 
 city. The grand hotel was allowed to remain unoccupied, as were the hand- 
 some residences, for years. Decay set in. The gas works were dismantled, 
 and, until 1880, property at Riverside could be bought for a song. About 
 that time, however, a new movement in the direction of the beautiful suburb 
 set in, and since then the place has more than recovered from its set-back. 
 Many prominent and wealthy citizens of Chicago now reside there. The 
 location is picturesque and has proved to be perfectly healthful. 
 
 Rockefeller. — Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 40*^ 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Romeo. — Situated on the Chicago, Santa Fe & California railway, 413^ 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Roselind. — Roseland joins Pullman at Indiana ave. (See birds-eye-view). 
 It was one of the first settlements west of Lake Calumet, being originally an 
 agricultural community. It was known as "The Holland Settlement/' 
 and the appellation fitted to a charm, as its first settlers were sturdy, indus- 
 trious immigrants from the vicinity of Rotterdam and Amsterdam, who 
 arrived in 1848. The post-office was originally called Hope post-office, but in 
 1873 it was changed to Roseland. The location was excellent and under the 
 efforts of the sober, industrious settlers the little colon}' flourished. It also 
 continued to receive accretions from Holland. The colonists established a 
 church and a school-house and pursued a peaceful existence without exciting 
 incident for many years. Along in the "70's" the first subdivision was 
 made. In 1880 Pullman was located, and since that time James H. Van 
 Vlissingen and Arthur Van Vlissingen laid out the main subdivisions, 
 and put several hundred acres upon the market, initiating a movement 
 by which Roseland to-day has 6,000 population who enjoy every good 
 that city life affords, as it was annexed to Chicago in November, 1890. 
 The geography of the region makes Roseland the home of the artisan. He 
 is attracted by a double magnet — work at the adjacent huge manufactories 
 and a high and dry and healthy location for a home, for Roseland offers a 
 combination rarely met with in the Calumet region — the manufactory and 
 home site side by side. Undoubtedly the sturdy Hollanders knew what they 
 were about when they settled at Roseland away back in 1848. Hollanders 
 are generally supposed to take kindly to low ground. Perhaps they desired 
 a change; at any rate they picked out almost the highest land in the region 
 for miles around, for Roseland is situated on a north and south ridge about a 
 mile west of the shore of Calumet lake. The country between Lake Michigan 
 and Lake Calumet is very low, but the land on the western shore of Lake Calu- 
 met rises steadily and suddenly at Roseland to an elevation of thirty feet; quite 
 a respectable altitude for Chicago, which is scoffed at by some jealous critics 
 as being "flat as a pancake." A survey of the map enforces the proposition 
 by no means a new one, that the future of this district, lying to the west of 
 Calumet Lake, is more promising than that of any other locality in the whole 
 Calumet region. Not only has nature been lavish, but, situated as Roseland 
 is, on the great thoroughfares leading direct from the heart of Chicago — State 
 and Halsted streets among others — it is in the direct line of future elevated, 
 cable and electric roads. In fact several projected "L" roads run through this 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 471 
 
 territory. It is already splendidly equipped with railroad facilities. On its 
 eastern border runsthe Illinois Central Railroad, with its magnificent suburban 
 service. Almost through its center run the Pan Handle, the Chicago & 
 Eastern Illinois and the Chicago & Western Indiana Railroads. Over the 
 latter's tracks it inakes connection just to the north with the Belt Line, of which 
 system the Chicago & Western Indiana is part, and thus with every railroad 
 entering Chicago. Roseland is thus provided with both passenger and freight 
 facilities unexcelled. It now has 107 passenger trains per day to and from 
 Chicago. Roseland has police and fire protection and schools. There is no 
 trouble about perfect drainage, no expense for filling streets and no special 
 assessments for costly curb walls. Every home owner can have his own cellar. 
 Fifteen thousand feet of watermains arebeingputin Roseland streets, making 
 a total of three miles. Contracts have been let to commence the erection of 
 one of the handsomest public schools in Chicago, to cost $75,000. This school 
 will contain sixteen rooms and an assembly hall, and will be constructed of 
 pressed brick and stone. Nowhere within the city limits is there greater 
 activity in building operations than at Roseland. Thechurchesare as follows: 
 Baptist, Swedish Church, Dutch Reformed. First Reformed, Dutch 
 Reformed, Christian Reformed, Dutch Reformed, Bethany Church (English), 
 Evangelical Lutheran, German, Evangelical Lutheran, Swedish, Evangelical 
 Free Church, Swedish, Methodist Episcopal, Grace Church, Presbyterian, 
 Roman Catholic, Church of the Holy Rosary, Roman Catholic, St. Nicholas 
 (German), Roman Catholic, St. Louis (French), Bethesda Norwegian and 
 Danish Lutheran Church, Salvation Army, Seventh Day Adventists and sects 
 having no church building. 
 
 Sag Bridge.— Situated on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis railroad, 21% 
 miles from the City Hall. The scene of one of the most dreadful railroad 
 accidents that ever occurred in this State. 
 
 Sherman. — Situated on the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway, 13% miles 
 from the City Hall. 
 
 Silver Lake. — Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 61% 
 miles from the City Hall. A summer pleasure resort. 
 
 South Chicago. — Situated on the Illinois Central, Chicago, Rock Island & 
 Pacific and Baltimore & Ohio railroads, twelve miles from the City Hall, within 
 the limits. A great manufacturing center. A part of the Illinois Steel Com- 
 pany's works are located here. There are immense manufactories, docks, 
 etc., in the vicinity. [See Great Industries.] 
 
 South Englewood. — Situated on the Rock Island and the Eastern Illinois 
 railroads, between Eighty-third and Ninety-second sts., north and south, and 
 Stewart ave. and Robey st., east and west. The location of the town has had 
 much to do with its rapid growth. It is practically a part of the city proper, 
 its center being the junotion of Ashland ave. and Halsted st. Immense improve- 
 ments have been made during recent years. It is well paved, sewered and 
 lighted, and has many elegant homes and business houses, schools and 
 churches. 
 
 South Evanston. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & 
 North- Western railway and on the Evanston division of the Chicago, Mil- 
 waukee & St. Paul railway, eleven miles from the City Hall, on the north shore 
 of Lake Michigan. There aretwostations, " Calvary," the station for the prin- 
 cipal Roman Catholic Cemetery of the city, and South Evanston proper. One 
 of the prettiest of the suburbs. It is distinct in government and character from 
 Evanston, although the two villages meet and mingle with each other, the 
 
472 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 line between them being simply the width of a street. Unlike Evanston, 
 South Evanston has no "institutions," the only public building in the place 
 being the Old Soldiers' Home, now used as a girls' industrial school. [See 
 Training School for Boys and "Girls.] It is purely a village of homes. 
 South Evanston has a mile frontage on the lake, just where the shore makes a 
 graceful bend toward the town. Situated thus" it affords an unobstructed 
 view from any point. The topography of the country is such as to 
 afford an excellent town site. Commencing at the lake shore the land 
 rises gradually and gracefully till it reaches an elevation of twenty-five 
 feet at Chicago ave. From Chicago ave. to Ridge ave. is another rise of twenty- 
 five feet. Had the land been made to order it could not have been 
 better suited for a complete and effective drainage system. In lbo8 
 the papulation of South Evanston was in the neighborhood of 1,500 
 In 1891 it was nearly 4,000. The late Gen. Julius White was the founder 
 of South Evanston. After the great Chicago fire the firm of Warren 
 Keeney & Uo. made extensive improvements in the town, erecting a large 
 number of very fine residences for which, at the time, there was no market. 
 This dim borrowed money at a high rate of interest to maintain its invest 
 ments, but was finally compelled to surrender everything. The costly resi- 
 dences remained tenantless for a number of years and many of them went to 
 ruin. By the time South Evanston took on its new growth they were too old- 
 fashioned to meet the requirements of the new residents, and they have fallen 
 into the background or disappeared to make room for the more modern dwell- 
 ings of the place. The failure of the Warren Keeney investment was a ter- 
 rible blow to the village, and it did not recover from it for several years. It 
 has been growing, at times, slowly, but always steadily and substantially 
 since 1880, and it now ranks among the most popular suburbs on the North- 
 Western system. The village has a splendid water and sewer system ; its 
 streets are well paved, and public improvements are constantly under way. 
 The water and electric light plants are owned by the village government, 
 which is vested in a board of trustees. There are four handsome churches 
 here — Methodist, Episcopalian, Presbyterian and German Catholic — and two 
 large public school buildings. Sheridan Road runs through the entire length 
 of the town, and ample provision has been made for a beautiful park on the 
 lake shore. Nearly all the streets are eighty feet wide and the alleys twenty. 
 The lots are fifty feet front by from 175 to 200 feet deep. The residences 
 are not elegant, but nearly all are neat and comfortable. [The village voted 
 to unite with Evanston, Feb. 20, 1892. See "Evanston, City of."] 
 
 South Lawn. — Situated on the Illinois Central and Chicago & Grand 
 Trunk railways, 233^ miles from the City Hall. 
 
 South Lynne. — Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg rail- 
 road, 11 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Spring Bluff. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & 
 North- Western railway, 45 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Stone Wood.— Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, 24 miles from the 
 City Hall. 
 
 Stough— Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, 19>£ 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Summerdale. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & 
 North- Western rail way, about §% miles from the City Hall. There is a cotton 
 factory here which employs a large number of girls. 
 
 Summit. — Situated on the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis railroad, 12 miles 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 473 
 
 from the City Hall, cm the Desplaines river. This is where the celebrated 
 "Long" John Went worth farm is located. It was formerly quite a fishing 
 resort. 
 
 Sycamore. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- 
 Western railway, 60 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Thatcher's Park. — Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 
 12% miles from the City Hall. A picnic resort. 
 
 Thornton. — Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, 22% 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Tolleston. — Situated on the Baltimore & Ohio, Lake Shore & Michigan 
 Southern, Michigan Central, and Pittsburg & Fort Wayne railroads, 25 
 miles south of the City Hall. This is destined to become one of the greatest 
 of Chicago's outlying industrial towns. It is the proposed site of the new 
 stock yards projected by Armour, Swift, Morris & Co. [See New Stock 
 Yards.] 
 
 Tracy. — Situated on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway, 13 
 miles from the City Hall. A manufacturing suburb. 
 
 Tremont. — Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, 9% 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Trevor. — Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 59 miles 
 from the City Hall. 
 
 Turner.— Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North-West- 
 ern railway, 30 miles from the City Hall. A large country town, well built 
 and handsomely laid out. Many Chicago people reside here. 
 
 Upwood. — Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh railroad, 15 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Warrenton. — Situated on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 
 37 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Washington Heights. — Situated on the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg 
 railroad ("The Panhandle"), 16 miles from the City Hall. Washington 
 Heights has been recently annexed to Chicago. This suburb is situated just 
 north and a little east of Morgan Park, so close that the skirts of the two 
 villages meet. Though its history as an incorporated town dates back but a 
 few years, the settlement is one of the oldest in Cook county. The admi- 
 rable shipping facilities have begun to attract manufacturing interests to 
 Washington Heights. About one year ago the Chicago Bridge and Iron Com- 
 pany, a consolidation of the Kansas City and Rochester (Minn.) companies, 
 located there. The town is not lacking in churches and social features. The 
 social element is dominated by the Tracy club, which has an elegant build- 
 ing. The finest residence in the town is that of R. C. Givens.Esq., on Tracy 
 avenue. It is built after the order of an old feudal castle. There are many 
 other elegant residences in the town, however. A visit to Washington 
 Heights will repay the stranger. 
 
 Waukegan. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railway, 35% miles from the City Hall. This is a large town. Many 
 professional and business people of Chicago reside here. There are some 
 beautiful grounds and private residences in Waukegan and vicinity. 
 
 Waukesha. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railway, 104% miles from the City Hall. One of the most celebrated 
 
4 74 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 pleasure and health resorts in the United States. Can also be reached by Wis- 
 consin Central and Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroads. Population, 
 1890, 7.475. 
 
 Wayne. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- Western 
 railway, 35 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Wentworth. — Situated on the Chicago, Santa Fe & California railway, 
 16% miles from the City Hall. 
 
 West Ridge. — A surburban village near Evanston recently organized. It 
 has come into prominence by reason of the attempt made there to open places 
 for the sale of liquor, it being within the prescribed four mile limit of the 
 Northwestern University. 
 
 West Roseland. — Situated on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois railroad, about 
 12 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Western Springs.— Situated on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy rail- 
 road, 17 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Wheaton.— Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West- 
 ern railroad, about 25 miles from the City Hall. A thriving town. 
 
 Wheeling.— Situated on the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, 29% 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Whiting, Indiana. — This is one of the most important manufacturing 
 suburbs in the vicinity of Chicago. Situated almost directly adjoining South 
 Chicago, on the line of the Baltimore & Ohio, Lake Shore & Michigan 
 Southern and the Pennsylvania Railway systems, and served by the Calumet 
 Terminal Road. These unusual facilities for bringing in raw material and 
 shipping out the manufactured products with cheap fuel, would build up 
 alone a great manufacturing town. Lying on the Lake shore with a natural 
 harbor, only the building of piers is needed to unload the traffic of the lakes on her 
 docks, and add cheap water freights to her unsurpassed railroad connections. 
 Situated almost directly adjoining South Chicago, it will for all practical pur- 
 poses soon be a part of this great city and participating in its advantages. 
 Already Whiting is the chief supply point of fuel oil, the Standard Oil Co. 
 having erected here their most extensive works, and the largest refinery in the 
 world. The stills of this mammonth concern will have, when completed 
 next March, a daily capacity of 25,000 barrels of oil. Before that time the 
 officials of the Standard Oil Co. state they will employ fully two thousand 
 more men. As the trains now carry every day over a thousand men to and 
 from South Chicago, where they are compelled to find lodgings and homes, 
 it can be seen what an impetus will be given to the growth of Whiting in at 
 once providing homes for this army of toilers. Already a system of water 
 works has been put in and plans laid for building a large city. 
 Those who have carefully watched the progress of the times are fully aware 
 that fuel oil is rapidly superceding coal as well as natural gas. The smoke 
 nuisance is the greatest objection to coal, while the uncertainty of natural gas 
 wells have sadly depreciated its value as a desirable and reliable fuel. With 
 the use of oil as a fuel, one of the greatest and most far reaching reforms of 
 the times was inaugurated a few years ago. Investigation and experiments 
 soon showed that oil was cheaper, cleaner, more reliable than coal, besides 
 producing better results. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 475 
 
 Fuel oil is a partially refined petroleum divested of all explosive qualities 
 and retaining the heavier properties which render it desirable for fuel only, 
 or. in other words, a distillate made from crude petroleum especially for burn- 
 ing purposes. 
 
 The hydro carbon burner, used by most manufacturers, takes a lower 
 grade of oil, or crude petroleum itself. Only scientists or mechanical engineers 
 have a correct conception of the amount of heat evolved by oil when in a 
 state of combustion. Anthracite coal compares with fuel oil as follows : The 
 combustion of one pound of coal will raise the temperature of 60 pounds of 
 water from 32 to 212 degrees, while the combustion of one pound of fuel oil 
 will make the same change in temperature of 90 pounds of water, thus favor- 
 ing oil in the proportion of 50 per cent, over coal. 
 
 The gas vapor produced is in appearance like natural gas when burning 
 and will produce units of heat sufficient to melt cast iron or steel. The oil, 
 when in a state of combustion, produces little smoke and no ashes, yet the 
 heat is as decisive and genuine as the heat from anthracite coal in a blast fur- 
 nace. Before fuel oil could come more generally into use many obstacles had 
 to be overcome. Furnace grates had to be modified, and a number of patent 
 devices were introduced to secure thorough consumption and uniform heat. 
 All the difficulties were speedily surmounted, however, and it costs very 
 little now to change a coal furnace into an oil consumer, and the economic 
 results are invariably surprising. Advantages of fuel oil over coal and even 
 natural gas are many and great. The heat can be made as steady as gravity. 
 There is no loss of heat by opening the doors and covering over the fire with 
 fresh fuel, or admitting a cold blast of air to reduce the heat. The fire may 
 be extinguished immediately, and there will be no bed of coals to smoulder 
 or waste away. There is no loss of heat, as with coal, in passing up the 
 chimney in the shape of smoke and gases. The output, from the steadiness 
 of the heat, is greatly improved in quality as well as in quantity in many 
 manufacturing establishments, such as salt, iron and steelworks, gas works, 
 paper mills, brick yards, etc. On the score of economy oil is immensely 
 superior to coal. From 2^ to 3 barrels are equivalent to a ton of the coal 
 generally used for steam purposes. The average price of steam coal is $2; 
 the city of Chicago pays $2.83 for Pittsburg. Oil delivered in Chicago is 
 worth 53 cents per barrel. Three barrels, which ordinarily gives the result 
 of a ton of coal, costs $1.59, or a saving of $1.24. The question of thesupply 
 of fuel oil is one in which every c msumer is interested. On Sept. 30th the 
 visible supply of oil in stock was as follows. Gross stocks held by the Stand- 
 ard Oil Company: 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 Pennsylvania, New York, Eastern Ohio and Virginia oil 12,347,3 1 6 89 
 
 Western or Lima oil 24,124,391 54 
 
 Gross stocks held by other companies: 
 
 Pennsylvania, New York, Eastern Ohio and Virginia oil 1,518,428 96 
 
 Western Ohio cr Lima oil 1,000,000 CO 
 
 Total 38,999,137 29 
 
 The production of oil during- September was: 
 
 Barrels 
 Per Day. 
 
 Pennsylvania, New York, Eastern Ohio and Virginia oil 80,000 00 
 
 Western Ohio and Lima oil 48,9«7 69 
 
 Total 128,967 79 
 
 These figures are collated from the reports of the Standard Oil Company, 
 
47G GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 and from the various monthly reports of the different oil companies and 
 transportation pipe lines. 
 
 The Lima (Oiiio) oil region contains thousands of acres of oil-producing 
 territory already dt lined and as yet undeveloped, or only developed so as to 
 protect boundaries and leases. In addition to the vast undeveloped oil fields 
 of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Ohio, it is well known from experimental tests 
 made by oil produc Ts,as well as from the published opinions of eminent geolo- 
 gists, that Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, Dakota, 
 New Mexico, California, and Indian Territory all contain oil producing dis- 
 tricts of extensive area, not yet defined or developed and only awaiting a 
 market to stimulate their development. Then there are the extensive oil fields 
 of Russia, India, South America, and Australia. Taking into consideration 
 the enormous amount of oil yielded by a single acre of oil-producing territory 
 during the life of wells, the estimate that there are ten barrels of oil for every 
 ton of coal among the resources of the earth is not out of the way. 
 
 No better test of the advantages of oil as a fuel need be given than the 
 experience of the Illinois Steel Company, the largest iron works in the world. 
 This company owns coal mines and coal cars and are of course able to supply 
 themselves at cost; but for four years they have used oil exclusively for all 
 steam and heating purposes, their daily consumption being 5,000 barrels 
 a day, entirely taking the place of coal. 
 
 Many immense manufacturing concerns have located at Whiting. The 
 town had scarcely a population of ~50 in 1890. In 1892 it has over 5,000. The 
 Messrs. Davidson, of Whiting, leading real estate dealers of the town, also 
 publish the Whiting News, in a recent edition of which they say : 
 
 "The Standard Oil Company, which is admitted by the public in general as 
 the largest and best managed corporation in the world, have recognized this 
 years ago. Then the question arising was, where to locate in Indiana and still 
 derive the benefits of Chicago's railroad distributing facilities ? 
 
 Whiting was selected as the most desirable place to locate the largest and 
 most substantially built refineries in the world, owning a site of 400 acres. 
 
 Whiting advantages : 
 
 1. By the time the plant is completed in its various departments, it will 
 be at the center of population of the United States. 
 
 2. It has three trunk lines passing through it into Chicago, and at this 
 point (Whiting) the three lines are joined with each other by the Chicago & 
 Calumet Terminal, which also connects with each of the twenty-five main 
 lines that go out from Chicago, thus making it possible for the company to 
 ship its daily output of 25,000 barrels, when run at full capacity, direct from 
 the yards in the refinery to any point east, west, north and south, in the 
 United States, Canada or Mexico. 
 
 3. Whiting is on the lake, and is midway between the proposed East 
 Chicago harbor, and the harbor at Sheffield proposed by the Knickerbocker 
 Ice Company. They are enabled to get their gravel and sand for construc- 
 tion direct from the beach. And above all, their five-foot tunnel under the 
 lake gives them an unlimited supply of water at all seasons of the year. 
 
 4. Whiting is only two miles from the limits of Chicago, being the near- 
 est ra lroad center in Indiana. It is seventeen miles from the center of the 
 city, and in easy reach by the suburban trains. There are over fifteen passen- 
 ger trains every day carrying passengers to and from the city to Whiting 
 daily. 
 
[.Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 SCANDIA HALL, W. OHIO ST., NEAR MILWAUKEE AVE. 
 
 [See k 'Scandia Hall. 1 '] 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 477 
 
 Wild Wood (One Hundred and Twenty-eighth street). — Situated on the 
 Illinois Central railroad, 16% miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Willow Springs. — Situated on the Chicago, Santa Fe & California and 
 Chicago, Alton & St. Louis railroads, 17% miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Wilmette. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railway, fourteen miles from the City Hall, on the north shore of 
 Lake Michigan. The town was called after one of the earliest French settlers, 
 a man named Ouilmette, and the manner in which the name is spelled now is 
 entirely in deference to its English pronunciation. After having a sort of Rip 
 Van Winkle existence for years it has suddenly become a popular suburban 
 home. The building of the Milwaukee & St. Paul road gave the town a 
 little start. The Sheridan road again called attention to the beauties of the 
 location. In passing through Wilmette one gains the idea that he is in the 
 midst of a trackless forest. All that can be seen is a house or two and an 
 opening through the forest where the railroad tracks are laid. It is only by a 
 visit, then, that one can see and appreciate its great natural beauty. Its ele- 
 vation is from thirty to fifty feet above the lake. The whole tract is densely 
 covered with a forest of lofty elms which forms one of the chief charms of 
 the place. It has more lake frontage than any town south of it and the beach, 
 instead of being sandy and sloping, is hard soil and rises abruptly to the height 
 of several feet. 
 
 Winfield. — Situated on the Galena division of the Chicago & North- West- 
 ern railway, twenty-seven miles from the City Hall. 
 
 Winnetka. — Situated on the Milwaukee division of the Chicago & North- 
 western railway, eighteen miles northeast of the City Hall, on the 
 north shore of Lake Michigan. The first plat of the town was made 
 in 1854 by Charles E. Peck and Walter Gurnee. Chicago had not 
 grown enough at that time to make the new town of any value as a 
 suburban residence place. Quite a number of people, however, were attracted 
 by the natural beauties of the place and settled there. In the Indian language the 
 name Winnetka means ' ' Beautiful Place. " The place had not grown asrapidly 
 as many of its neighbors up to 1888, but since then there has been great activity 
 in property, and several handsome improvements have been made . Like Lake 
 Forest, the site is a bluff commanding a view of the lake along the entire 
 extent of the town. The almost unbroken forest of elm, oak, maple, hickory 
 and other variety of trees is still there. So much in fact remains that it is 
 uniformly impossible to see the houses till one comes abruptly upon them as 
 they stand concealed beneath a leafy canopy. At some points the bluff rises 
 perpendicularly to a height of ninety feet above the lake. Just back of its 
 bald top extends the Sheridan road. 
 
 Woodlawn. — Situated on the Illinois Central railroad, eight and one-half 
 miles from the City Hall. Woodlawn is bounded on the north by Midway 
 plaisance, separated by Sixteenth st. ; on the east by Jackson Park, separated 
 by Stony Island ave. ; on the south by Oakwood Cemetery, separated by sixty- 
 seventh St., and on the west by Washington Driving Park, separated by Cot- 
 tage Grove ave. The location of Wocdlawn, nestled as it is among 
 the grandest parks of the city and yet only thirty minutes' ride from Randolph 
 St., without a saloon within a mile, with a perfect drainage system, excellent 
 schools, and charming residences, makes an ideal town. 
 
 Worth. — Situated on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, seventeen 
 miles from the City Hall. 
 
478 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 RAILROADS AND WHERE THEY LEAD TO. 
 
 Chicago is practically the terminal point of all the great trunk lines of 
 railway, North, South, East and West, in the United States, the Dominion 
 of Canada and the Republic of Mexico. Nearly all the railway systems of 
 the continent have, either directly or by proprietary connections, sought 
 and obtained an entrance to this city and a share in the immense traffic which 
 centers here. Over ninety thousand miles of railway center in Chicago at 
 the present time. Chicago is conceded to be the greatest railway depot in the 
 universe; more passengers arrive and depart; more merchandise is received 
 and shipped here daily than in any other city on the globe. Illinois, of which 
 Chicago is the metropolis, has the greatest railway mileage of any State in 
 the Union — 14,017 miles. Below are the great railway lines which radiate 
 from this center: 
 
 Atchnon, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad. — The main stem and parent rail- 
 road of the Santa Fe system. As is the case in other instances, the visitor 
 will seldom hear this great railroad, or the system of which it forms a part, 
 spoken of by its proper title. It is too long for the average American . 
 Hence it is familiarly, popularly and briefly known as the Santa Fe. In stock 
 parlance, however, it is known and quoted — in tables, Wall street reports, 
 etc. — as " The Atchison." The Santa Fe system, as it exists at present, is 
 one of the grandest railroad combinations on the continent. Total miles of 
 railroad owned and controlled by the company, 6,443.24. To the above must 
 be added railroads controlled jointly with other railroad companies, making 
 the aggregate 7,703.74 miles. 
 
 Depot. — All trains over the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe system arrive 
 it and depart from the magnificent depot known as Dearborn Station, foot of 
 Dearborn street, corner of Polk street and Third avenue. Here every 
 arrangement is made for the comfort and convenience of the company's pa- 
 Irons. There are large and elegant waiting rooms for ladies and gentlemen; 
 attendants are always on hand to render assistance to women and children; 
 depot agents give all required information and see that no mistakes are made 
 by strangers in boarding trains, etc. 
 
 General Offices. — During 1889-90 the office of the president, which 
 had been in Boston, was located at Chicago, on the line, and the president 
 was relieved of the administration of the financial and accounting branches 
 of the service, which were placed distinctively in charge of the vice-president, 
 in Boston, under immediate direction of the chairman and board, thus per- 
 mitting the attention of the president to the operations and general physical 
 benefit of the properties. The general offices of the system in Chicago are 
 located in the Kearsarge building, Dearborn and Jackson sts. Here are 
 located, besides the president and his assistant, the Passenger Traffic Manager, 
 Mr. W. F. White; the Assistant 'Passenger Traffic Manager, Mr. John J. 
 Byrne; the General Freight Traffic Manager, Mr. J. A. Hanley, and his 
 assistant, the purchasing agent and minor officers. The general operating 
 forces of the system are located at Topeka, Kans. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 479 
 
 Passenger Department. — As the visitor will probably have to do with 
 the passenger department exclusively, it is suggested that with reference to 
 arrangements for special cars, special trains, the accommodation of large 
 parties, or the mapping out of special routes or tours, he will call upon or 
 communicate with Mr. W. F. White, Passenger Traffic Manager, or Mr. John 
 J. Byrne, Assistant Passenger Traffic Manager, Kearsarge building, Chicago. 
 
 Points Reached. — The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad system 
 extends to all important points and places of interest to the visitor, American 
 or foreign, in the following States and Territories: Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, 
 Arkansas, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Indian Territory, Texas, Colorado, 
 New Mexico, Arizona, California, as well as points in the Republic of Mexico. 
 Take this line at Chicago for Galesburg, Pekin, Peoria, in Illinois; for Fort 
 Madison, in Iowa; for St. Louis, St. Joseph, Kansas City, Springfield, in 
 Missouri, for Atchison, Topeka, Leavenworth, Wichita, Newton, Dodge 
 City, Manhattan, Arkansas City, Florence, Pittsburg, Coffeyville, in Kansas; 
 for Guthrie, in Indian Territory; for Purcell, in Oklahoma; for Gainesville, 
 F^rt Worth, Dallas, Paris, SanAngelo, Temple, Houston, Galveston, El Paso, 
 in Texas; for City of Mexico (by connection), Guaymas, Hermosillo, in the 
 Republic of Mexico; for Pueblo, Denver, Colorado Springs, Trinidad, in Col- 
 orado; for Las Vegas, Santa Fe, Albuquerque, Silver City, in New Mexico; 
 for Prescott, Grand Canon of the Colorado river, Benson, in Arizona; for 
 San Diego, National City, Coronado Beach, San Bernardino, Los Angeles, 
 Riverside, Colton, Passadena and San Francisco (by connection). There is 
 probably more variety of scenery, as well as more grandeur, to be witnessed in 
 a tour over this system, than on any the visitor can take. The wonderful 
 mountain and valley scenery of Arizona and New Mexico is not surpassed 
 anywhere on earth. The magnificent cactus fields, where every one of the 
 thousands of varieties of that strange plant, from a few inches to twenty or 
 thirty feet in height, may be seen from the car windows; the wild and rugged 
 mountain gorges and canons, the beautiful orange groves and vineyards of 
 southern California, the quaint half Mexican, half Spanish villages and towns 
 — the varieties of climate, from the cold winds of the mountain ranges to the 
 salubrious zephyrs of the valleys, all combine to make a journey over the 
 Santa Fe a delightful one for the pleasure-seeker, an essential one for the 
 health-seeker, and a necessary one for the tourist who is desirous of witness- 
 ing the marvelous development of the great Southwest. 
 
 Principal Officers. — The principal officers of the Atchison, Topeka & 
 Santa Fe Railroad Company are: George C. Magoun, Chairman of the 
 Board, Boston, Mass.; Allen Manvel, President, Chicago, 111.; Joseph W. 
 Reinhart, Vice-president, Boston, Mass.; A. A. Robinson, Second Vice-presi- 
 rlpiit, Topska, Kan.; J. D. Springer, the Third Vice-President, Chicago, 111., 
 Edward Wilder, Secretary, Topeka, Kan.; John P. Whitehead, Comptroller, 
 Boston, Mass.; Edward Wilder, Treasurer, Topeka, Kan. 
 
 Principal Officers in Chicago.— The principal officers of theAtchi 
 s m, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad system in Chicago are: Allen Manvel, 
 President; J. D. Springer, Assistant to the President; W. F.White, Passen- 
 ger Traffic Manager; John J. Byrne, Assistant General Passenger and Ticket 
 Agent; J. A. Hanley, Freight Traffic Manager; W. B. Biddle, Assistant 
 Freight Traffic Manager; G. T. Nicholson, the General Passenger and Ticket 
 Agent, is located at Topeka, Kan. 
 
480 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 TicKET Office. — The central ticket office of the Atchison, Topeka & 
 Santa Fe railroad system is located at 212 Clark St., near the general Post 
 Office. Here the visitor may purchase tickets to any point covered by the 
 system or its connecting lines, secure sleeping-car berths, and obtain all 
 necessary information regarding the arrival and departure of trains, rates 
 of fare, etc. Here, also, printed matter containing general information 
 regarding the lines covered by the system, time tables, guides, etc., may be 
 had free on application. 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. — The oldest of the great trunk lines of the 
 Uaited States. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company was chartered in 
 Maryland, February 28, 1827, and in Virginia, March 8, 1827. In 1852 the total 
 number of miles operated by the company was 379. This great railroad has 
 grown with the nation, has assisted very materially in its development, and 
 has for years been recognized as one of the most important highways across 
 the most populous section of the republic. During the "War of the Rebellion 
 it was a factor of prime consequence, and was guarded with jealousy and 
 unremitting care by the Federal Government. In the days of peace, how- 
 ever, its triumphs have been greatest, for it has contributed largely toward 
 the upbuilding of the magnificent territory which it penetrates, as well as to 
 the property of the millions who have settled along its lines. 
 
 Business of the Company. — The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company 
 does an annual business exceeding $24,000,000. Its annual operating 
 expenses are over $17,000,000. It carries annually over 14,000,000 tons of 
 freight, and over 10,000,000 passengers. 
 
 Depot. — The trains of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company run into 
 the Grand Central passenger station, situated at the corner of Harrison street 
 and Fifth avenue. 
 
 Equipment. — The Baltimore & Ohio railroad is equipped in a most com- 
 plete and magnificent manner, its trains being among ihe most elegant arriv- 
 ing at and departing from Chicago. It has over 27,000 cars in its freight serv- 
 ice, over 700 in its passenger service, and 848 locomotives. 
 
 Lines Operated. — The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company operates at 
 present, exclusive of the Pittsburg & Western railroad, control of which has 
 been recently acquired, 1,305.2 miles east, and 645.7 miles west of the Ohio 
 river, a total of 1,950.9 miles. Entrance to Chicago is made over a line 
 from Chicago Junction, a distance of 271 miles. 
 
 Passenger Department. — As the visitor will have to do with the pas- 
 senger department of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad exclusively, it is sug- 
 gested that with reference to the engagement of special trains, special cars, 
 the accommodation of large parties, or the mapping out of special tours, he 
 call upon or communicate with Mr. Charles O. Scull, General Passenger 
 Agent, Baltimore, Md., or with L. S. Allen, Assistant General Passenger 
 Agent. Rookery Building. Chicago. 
 
 Points Reached. — The visitor will take the Baltimore & Ohio railroad 
 for all points in northern Indiana, northern, central and southeastern Ohio, 
 West Virginia, southern Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey 
 and New York. Take this line for Defiance, Sandusky, Columbus, Cleve- 
 land, Wheeling, Youngstown, Pittsburg, Johnstown, Cumberland, Washing- 
 ton, Annapolis, Baltimore, Wilmington, Philadelphia, Newark and New 
 York City. Take this line for the magnificent summer resorts of Pennsyl- 
 vania, West Virginia and Maryland ; for the ^Ueghany Mountain resorts ; 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 481 
 
 for Deer Park, Mountain Lake Park and Oakland, the most healthful, beau- 
 tiful and fashionable summering places in the United States; for Berkely 
 Springs, for Hagerstown and for the historic battle-grounds of Pennsylvania 
 and Virginia. The Baltimore & Ohio railroad is the scenic line of the 
 country. Its main stem and branches penetrate the loveliest districts of the 
 Southeast, where the traveler is constantly passing from the glories of the 
 mountain into the delights of valley scenery of unsurpassable splendor. In- 
 formation concerning the beautiful summer resorts on this system will be 
 furnished the visitor free on application at the city ticket office. 
 
 Principal Officers, — The principal officers of the Baltimore & Ohio 
 Railroad Company are : Charles F. Mayer, president; Orland Smith, first 
 vice-president ; Thomas M. King, second vice-president ; C. K. Lord, third 
 vice-president ; J T. Odell, general manager ; Charles O. Scull, general 
 passenger agent ; all of whom are located in the general offices of the com- 
 pany at Baltimore. The principal officers in Chicago aie: R.B.Campbell, 
 general superintendent of lines west of the Ohio river, and L. S. Allen, assist- 
 ant general passenger agent, and A. P. Bigelow, general Western traffic agent, 
 No. 212 La Salle street. 
 
 Ticket Office. — The city ticket office of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 
 Company is located at 193 Clark street. Here tickets may be purchased to 
 any point covered by the system, or on connecting lines, sleeping-car berths 
 secured, and information obtained regarding the arrival and departure of 
 trains, etc. Here, also, printed matter containing information regarding 
 points of interest and importance along the lines of the road, time tables, etc., 
 may be obtained free on application. 
 
 Train Service. — Train No. 6 leaving Chicago at 2:55 daily is a solid ves- 
 tibuled train of first-class coaches and Pullman buffet sleeping cars from 
 Chicago to Washington and Baltimore, and has Pullman sleeper Chicago to 
 Pittsburg, and day coaches and Pullman buffet parlor car from Washington 
 to New York. Train No. 8 leaving Chicago at 10:10 in the morning, daily, 
 is a solid vestibuled train, Chicago to Baltimore, and has Pullman sleeping 
 car, Chicago to New York, and Pullman buifet parlor car, Washington to 
 New York. Train No. 14 leaving Chicago daily at 6:40 p. m., has day 
 coaches and Pullman sleeper, Chicago to Pittsburg, via Akron and P. & W. 
 R. R., and Pullman sleeper, Chicago to Cleveland, via Akron and the Valley 
 Ry. This train has also day coach and Pullman sleeper, Chicago to Wheel- 
 ing, daily except Saturday. Train No. 4 leaving Chicago daily at 10:25 p. 
 m.; has day coaches, Chicago to New York, Pullman sleeping car from Chi- 
 cago to Chicago Junction. This train also makes close connections at 
 Chicago Junction with train of first-class coaches for Cleveland and Pitts- 
 burg. 
 
 Chicago Central Railroad. — This road is now in process of construction 
 from a connection with the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad, at Ogden 
 avenue, south to Harvey, Illinois. The line runs parallel to Western avenue 
 and about 600 feet west of it. The road curves in a northeasterly direction 
 from Seventy-ninth street to its intersection with the Belt Line just west of 
 the Panhandle road, where it turns and runs directly north and parallel to 
 the Panhandle until it reaches the Santa Fe and Grand Trunk railroads at 
 Forty-ninth street. At that point it crosses the Panhandle and runs east of 
 that road parallel to it. At Thirty-ninth street or Brighton the road crosses 
 the Panhandle again and makes connection with the Northern Pacific system 
 
482 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 and finds its terminus in the Grand Central Passenger Station on Fifth 
 avenue and Harrison street. 
 
 This road will run through one of the most important resident districts 
 of Chicago and will make accessible one of the finest tracts of land in 
 Chicago, running as it does from Seventy-ninth south to Blue Island through 
 what is known as the Bluel sland Ridge. It is the intention to operate over 
 this line a most complete suburban service which will, undoubtedly, be 
 under control of the Chicago & Northern Pacific railroad. The road is 
 rapidly approaching completion and trains will probably be running between 
 the Grand Central Passenger Station and Harvey early in the spring. 
 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. — One of the greatest railway 
 systems in the world . Its operations extend over the most fertile territory on 
 the North American continent, and its numerous arms stretching out in all 
 directions and forming a perfect net-work of steel, connect and provide com- 
 munication between the thriving villages, prosperous towns and populous 
 cities of eight States of the American Union . The total trackage of the 
 Chicago, Burungton & Quincy and controlled linesis, in round numbers, 7,000 
 miles. The earnings of the company during the year 1890 amounted to 
 $35,130,585; expenses, $31,795,188, leaving net earnings of $3,335,397. 
 
 General Offices — The general offices of the Chicago, Burlington & 
 Quincy railroad are located in the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy general 
 office building, Adams and Franklin streets, Chicago. 
 
 Lines Operated. — The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad system 
 embraces the following lines: Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. R. ; Burling- 
 ton & Missouri River R. R. in Nebraska; Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. ; 
 Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs R. R. ; Chicago, Burlington & 
 Northern R. R. ; St. Louis, Keokuk & Northwestern R. R ; Chicago, Bur- 
 lington & Kansas City R. R.; Burlington & Western R. R. ; Burlington & 
 Northwestern R. R. 
 
 Passenger Department.— As the visitor will probably have to do with 
 the passenger department of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad 
 exclusively, it is suggested that with reference to the engagement of special 
 trains, special cars, accommodation of large parties, the mapping out of special 
 routes, etc., he communicate with or call upon Mr. P.S. Eustis, General Passen- 
 ger and Ticket Agent, general offices, Franklin and Adams streets, Chicago. 
 
 Points Reached. — The visitor will take the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
 railroad for all points in the West, Southwest and Northwest, in the States of 
 Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado 
 Wyoming and South Dakota. Take this line for Streator, Peoria, Galesburg; 
 for Mendota, Rockford, Galena; for Monmouth, Golden and Quincy, and all 
 points of interest in western Illinois; for Dubuque, Iowa; for Prairie Du 
 Chien, La Crosse, and all' points in western Wisconsin; for Winona, St. Paul, 
 Minneapolis, and all points in southern Minnesota; for Cedar Rapids and all 
 points in northeastern Iowa; for Burlington, Des Moines, Cumberland, and for 
 all points in central Iowa; for Creston, Iowa; for Hannibal, St. Joseph, Kansas 
 City and all points in northern Missouri; for all points in Kansas and south- 
 ern Nebraska, including Omaha, Lincoln, Atchison and Leavenworth; for 
 Denver, Colorado; for Cheyenne, Wyoming, and for Dead wood and the Black 
 Hills country. Passengers over the "Burlington Route " are conveyed to all 
 points in the Rocky mountains and the Pacific slope; from San Diego to San 
 Francisco, and from San Francisco to the Puget Sound country. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 483 
 
 Principal Officers. — The principal officers of the Chicago, Burling- 
 ton & Quincy railroad are: C. E. Perkins, president, Burlington, Iowa; J. C. 
 Peasley, first vice-president, Chicago: L. O. Goddard, assistant to first vice- 
 president, Chicago; George B. Harris, second vice-president, Chicago; T. S. 
 Howland, secretary, Boston; J. W. Blythe, general solicitor, Chicago; W. 
 F. Merrill, general manager, Chicago; J D. Besler, general superintendent, 
 Chicago; P. S. Eustis, general passenger and ticket agent, Chicago; Luc'us 
 Wakely, assistant general passenger and ticket agent, Chicago; Thomas Mil- 
 ler, general freight agent, Chicago. 
 
 Ticket Office.— The city ticket office of the Chicago, Burlington F & 
 Quincy railroad is located at 211 Clark street, near the general Post Office. 
 Here the visitor may purchase tickets to any point covered by the system, or 
 on any connecting line, secure sleeping-car berths and obtain all necessary 
 information regarding the arrival and departure of trains, rates of fare, etc. 
 Here, also, printed matter relating to points on the system, time tables, etc., 
 may be had free on application. 
 
 Train Service. — The train service of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
 railroad from Chicago is complete. The equipment of all trains is perfect. 
 The time made is fast, but the iracks and road-beds of the system are main- 
 tained in such perfect condition, that the very fastest traveling causes no 
 discomfort to the traveler. The scenery along most of the lines is bright 
 and pleasant. The lines traverse the finest country in America, and touch 
 nearly all the prettiest villages and most prosperous towns of the great corn 
 belt. Following is the train service, which, however, is subject to change: 
 
 Train No. 11, for Burlington, Council Bluffs and intermediate local 
 points, leave Chicago 11:45 a. m., daily; coaches, between Chicago and Bur- 
 lington. 
 
 " The Burlington's No. 1," solid vestibule train for Denver, leaves Chicago 
 at 1 p. m., daily; Pullman sleepers, Chicago to Denver; reclining-chair car 
 (seats free), Chicago to Denver; coaches, Chicago to Denver; dining car, Chi- 
 cago to Mt. Pleasant; Lincoln to Robb. 
 
 Train No. 5, for Council Bluffs, Omaha, Denver, Newcastle, Deadwood, 
 the Black Hills and Nebraska points, leave Chicago at 5:45 p. m., daily; 
 Pullman sleepers, Chicago to Omaha and Denver; reclining-chair cars (seats 
 free), Chicago to Council Bluffs, Ornaba and Denver, dining car, Chicago to 
 Mendota, Creston to Omaha; connects at Lincoln with train No. 41, having 
 Pullman sleeper, Lincoln to Deadwood, S. Dak. 
 
 Train No. 3, for McCook, Omaha and Council Bluffs, leaves Chicago 
 10:30 p. m., daily; Pullman sleepers, Chicago to Omaha and McCook ; reclin- 
 ing-chair car (seats free), Chicago to Omaha and McCook; coaches, Chicago 
 to Council Bluffs. 
 
 Train No. 15, the "Eli" fast-vestibuled train, for Kansas City, St. 
 Joseph and Atchison, leaves Chicago 6:05 p. m., daily; Pullman sleer.ers, 
 Chicago to Kansas City, Chicago to St. Joseph and Atchison; reclining-chair 
 cars (seats free), Chicago to Kansas City, St. Joseph and Atchison; coaches., 
 Chicago to Kansas City; dining car, Chicago to Mendota, and Cameron 
 Junction to Kansas City. 
 
484 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Train No. 15, for Quincy, Hannibal, Denison, Houston and Galveston 
 viaM. K. &T. R. R). No. 15 leaves Chicago 6:05 p. m., daily. Pullman 
 sleepers between Chicago and Dallas, Sedalia and Taylor; reclining-chair car 
 (seats free) between Chicago and Quincy, Hannibal and Sedalia. Dining car 
 between Chicago and Mendota. 
 
 Train No. 3, for Kansas City, St. Joseph and Atchison, leaves Chicago 
 10:30 p. m., daily; Pullman sleepers, Chicago to Quincy; reclining-chair car 
 (seats free), Chicago to Kansas City. 
 
 Train No. 47, solid vestibule train for St. Paul and Minneapolis, via 
 La Crosse, leaves Chicago 6:10 p. m., daily; Pullman sleepers, Chicago to St. 
 Paul and Minneapolis; coaches, Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis; dining 
 car, serving supper fiom Chicago. 
 
 Train No. 49, for St. Paul and Minneapolis, via La Crosse, leaves Chicago 
 10:50 p. m., daily, except Saturday; Pullman buffet sleepers and reclining- 
 chair car* (stats frei), Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis; coaches, Chicago 
 to St. Paul and Minneapolis. 
 
 > Train No. 9, for Rochelle, Rockford, Mendota and Streator, leaves 
 Chicago 4:30 p. m., daily, except Sunday; reclining-chair car (seats free) 
 between Chicago and Rockford; coaches between Chicago and Mendota, 
 Chicago and Streator. 
 
 Train No. 13, Galesburg, Streator, Rochelle, Rockford aud Forreston. 
 No. 13 leaves Chicago 8:50 a. m., daily, except Saturday; coaches between 
 Chicago and Galesburg, Chicago and Streator, Chicago and Rochelle and 
 Forreston. 
 
 Train No. 3, for Keokuk, leaves Chicago 10.30 p. m., daily, except Satur- 
 day. Pullman sleeper between Chicago and Keokuk. 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway. — The Chicago, Milwaukee & 
 St. Paul Railway Company, as it exists to-day, was organized in 1864. The 
 system of railways which it operates is one of the greatest in the world. 
 Familiarly the line is known as "the St. Paul Road," and as such the visitor 
 will be apt to hear of it frequently during his stay in Chicago and in the West. 
 The miles of track embraced in the system number 6,901.19, as follows: 
 Main track, owned solely by the company, 5,721.40; main track, owned 
 jointly with other companies, 9.17; total length of main track, 5,656.83; 
 second and third tracks and connection tracks owned solely by the company, 
 73.67; second and third tracks and connection tracks, owned jointly with 
 other companies, 2.82; total length of second and third tracks and con- 
 nections, 76.49; tracks owned by other companies, but used by this company 
 under agreements, 44 81; yard tracks, sidings and spur tracks owned solely 
 by this company, 1,103.92; yard tracks, sidings and spur tracks owned jointly 
 with other companies, 19.14; total length of yard tracks, sidings aud spur 
 tracks, 1,123.06; total miles of track 6,901.19. The lines of road belonging to 
 this company are located as follows: In Illinois, 318.08 miles; in Wisconsin, 
 1,374.66 miles; in Iowa, 1,553.27 miles; in Minnesota, 1,120.09 miles; in North 
 Dakota, 118.21 miles; in South Dakota, 1,096.82 miles; in Missouri, 140.27 
 miles. Total lergth of main track, 5,721.40 miles. 
 
 Business of the Company. — During the year ending June 30, 1891, the 
 gross earnings of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Compauy 
 amounted to $27,504,224.49, an increase of $1,098,516.14 over the previous 
 year. The operating expenses were $18,366,500.07, an increase of $624,712.38 
 over the previous year. The net earnings were $9,137,724.42. The tons of 
 freight carried were 10,397,235, an increase of 1,104,043 over the previous 
 year. The number of passengers was 7,919,229. 
 
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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 485 
 
 Central Ticket Office. — The central ticket office of the Chicago, Mil- 
 waukee & St. Paul railway is located at 207 and 209 Clark street, near the 
 general Post Office. Here the visitor may purchase tickets to any point 
 covered by this railway and its connections, secure sleeping-car berths and 
 obtain all necessary information concerning the arrival and departure of 
 trains, rates of fare^etc. Here, also, printed matter, containing general infor- 
 mation regarding the line, time tables, etc., may be had free on application. 
 
 Condition of Tracks. — The tracks of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 
 Paul railway are maintained at a high standard of excellence. Of the total 
 mileage, 4,074.77 miles are laid with heavy steel rails, and 1,582.06 with iron. 
 The road-bed is one of the best in the West. Trains on this line make fast 
 time with perfect safety. The road has not had a serious accident on its lines 
 for several years. 
 
 Depot. — All trains of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway arrive 
 at and depart from the magnificent Union depot, Canal and Adams streets, 
 West Side, near the business center. Take Madison or Adams street car. 
 Here every arrangement is made for the convenience and comfort of patrons. 
 Large and elegantly furnished waiting rooms are provided for ladies and 
 gentlemen. Attendants are always on hand to render any assistance necessary 
 to women and children. Depot agents give all required information, and see 
 that no mistakes are made by strangers in boarding trains. The depot is one 
 of the most complete on the continent. 
 
 Equipment, Etc. — The equipment of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 
 Railway Company is modern and complete. Some of the handsomest vesti- 
 buled trains in the United States are run over this line. Some idea of the 
 equipment may be formed from the following: Number of locomotives 
 available for service, 801; passenger cars, 352; sleeping cars, 57; parlor cars, 
 12; dining cars, 10; baggage, postal, mail and express cars, 248; box cars, 
 17,447; stock cars, 2,340; flat and coal cars, 4,327; refrigerator cars, 509; road 
 cars, 514. 
 
 General Offices, — The general offices of the Chicago, Milwaukee & 
 St. Paul Railway Company are located in the Rand & McNally building, 
 south side of Adams St., between La Salle st. and Fifth ave. , Chicago. 
 
 Passenger Department. — As the visitor will have to do with the pas- 
 senger department of this railway exclusively, it is suggested that, with 
 Reference to arrangements for special cars, special trains, the accommodation 
 of large parties, the mapping out of special tours, etc., he call upon or com- 
 municate with Mr. George H. Heafford, General Passenger and Ticket 
 Agent, General Offices, Rani & McNally building, on Adams, between La 
 Salle st. and Fifth ave., Chicago. 
 
 Points Reached. — In general the visitor will take the Chicago, Milwau- 
 kee & St. Paul railway for all points in the West, Southwest and Northwest. 
 Its lines gridiron the States of Illinois, Missouri, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minne- 
 sota, North Dakota and South Dakota, while it makes connections at Kansas 
 City, Omaha and St. Paul with the three great trans-continental routes of 
 the North. Take this line for Milwaukee, Waukesha, Janesville, Water- 
 town, Madison, and all the great summer, fishing and hunting resorts of Wis- 
 consin; for St. Paul and Minneapolis, and all points on the Northern Pacific 
 system; for the great wheat growing belt of the Dakotas, North and South, 
 and all the thriving and interesting towns and cities in those new States. Take 
 
486 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 this line for Rock Island, 111., for Cedar Rapids, Des Moines, Council Bluffs, 
 and all important points in Iowa. Take this line for Omaha and Lincoln, 
 Neb., and all points on the Union Pacific system; take this line for Kansas 
 City, Mo., and all points on the Kansas Pacific; for St. Joseph, Mo., and all 
 points on the St. Joseph & Grand Island railroad; take this line for points in 
 Arizona, New Mexico, Southern California, Colorado, Utah, Northern Cali- 
 fornia, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon and Washington. 
 
 Principal Officers. — The principal officers of the Chicago, Milwaukee & 
 St. Paul Riilway Company are: Roswell Miller, President.^Chicago; Frank 
 S.Bond, Vice-President, New York; E. P. Ripley, Third Vice-President, 
 Chicago; A. J. Earling, General Manager, Chicago; W. G. Collins, General 
 Superintendent, Milwaukee; P. M. Myers, Secretary, Milwaukee; F. G. Ran- 
 ney, Treasurer, Chicago; John W. Cary, General Counsel, Chicago; John T. 
 Fish, General Solicitor, Chicago; W. N. D. Winne, General Auditor, Chicago; 
 E. Q. Sewall, Comptroller, Chicago; George H. Heafford, General Passenger 
 and Ticket Agent, Chicago; George S. Marsh, Assistant General Pass°nger 
 and Ticket Agent, Chicago; F. A. Miller, Assistant General Passenger Agent, 
 Chicago. 
 
 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway — The title under which one of 
 the greatest systems of railway on the continent is operated. Opened from 
 Chicago to Jolict in 1851. The system now penetrates the States of Illinois, 
 towa, Missouri, Kansas, Indian Territory, Nebraska and Colorado, and has 
 direct connection with lines operating in all the States and Territories, from 
 the Mississippi river to the Pacific Ocean. It has 236 miles in Illinois, 1,066.10 
 iu Iowa, 286.70 in Missouri, 1,126.96 in Kansas, 140,97 in Nebraska, 376.06 in 
 Colorado, and 106.75 in Indian Territory; total 3,339.54 miles. To thisshould 
 be added 179.90 miles of second track, and 564.40 miles of side track, which 
 would equal in all 4,083.84 miles of single track. 
 
 Depot.— All trains overthe Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway arrive 
 at and depart from the company's magnificent depot located on Van Buren 
 street, between Sherman street and Pacific avenue, directly in the rear of the 
 Board of Trade and Rialto buildings. Take Van Buren street car. This is 
 one of the finest railroad passenger stations in the world. Here every arrange- 
 ment is made for the convenience and comfort of passengers. There are 
 handsomely furnished waiting rooms, dressing rooms, etc., depot agents to 
 answer questions and impart information, and attendents to see to the wants 
 of women and children and infirm persons. 
 
 General Offices. — The general offices of the Chicago, Rock Island & 
 Pacific Railway Company are located in the Van Buren St. depot, Van Buren 
 and Sherman sts. ; entrance from Van Buren st. 
 
 Officers of the Company. — The principal officers of the Chicago, Rock 
 Island & Pacific Railway Company are: R. R. Cable, president, Chicago; 
 Benj. Brewster, first vice-president, New York; W. G. Purdy, second vice- 
 president, treasurer and secretary, Chicago; H. A. Parker, third vice-presi- 
 dent, Chicago; A. Kimball, assistant to the president, Davenpori ; J. R. Cow- 
 ing, assistant secretary and assistant treasurer, New York; J. F. Phillips, 
 assistant secretary and assistant treasurer, Chicago; E. St. John, general 
 manager, Chicago; W. M. Sage, traffic manager, Chicago; John Sebastian 
 general ticket and passenger agent, Chicago; J. M. Johnson, general freight 
 agent, Chicago. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 487 
 
 Passenger Department. -As the visitor will probably have to do with 
 the passenger department of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway 
 exclusively, it is suggested that with reference to the engagement of special 
 trains, special cars, the accommodation of large parties, the mapping out of 
 special tours, etc., he call upon or communicate with John Sebastian, gen- 
 eral passenger and ticket agent, general offices Van Buren and Sherman sts., 
 
 Points Reached.— In general the visitor will take the Chicago, Rock 
 Island & Pacific railway for points in Illinois, such as Joliet, Seneca, Ottawa, 
 La Salle, Bureau, Moline, Rock Island, and intermediate stations; for points 
 in Iowa/ such as Wilton, West Liberty, Iowa City, Marengo, Grinnell, New- 
 ton, Des Moines and Council Bluffs, and for Omaha, Neb., and via the 
 new line through Lincoln, Neb., has direct route to Denver and foot hill 
 cities, also for Keokuk, Farmington, Ottumwa, Fort Dodge and all 
 points on the Des Moines Valley division. The visitor will also "take the 
 Rock Island route for Davenport, Muscatine, Washington, Fairfield, Eldon, 
 Numa, and all other points on the southwestern division in Iowa; for Kansas 
 City, Mo.: Leavenworth, Kan.; Atchison, Kan., and St. Joseph, Mo., at all of 
 which connections maybe made for every point of interest in the Missouri 
 Valley and beyond; for Topeka, McFarland, Clay Center, Belleville, Man- 
 kato, Phillipsburg, Goodland and Denver, and all intermediate points in 
 Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado. The visitor will also take the Rock Island 
 route via St. Joseph, Mo., for Troy, Sabetha, Pawnee, Beatrice, Fairbury and 
 all points in the beautiful agricultural country lying along tbe Blue and 
 Republican rivers in Kansas and Nebraska. The visitor will also take the 
 Rock Island route via the Kansas City, St. Joseph, Topeka and Wichita line 
 for Wichita, Wellington, Caldwell, El Reno, and all points in Southern Kan 
 sas and Indian Territory. The visitor will also take the Rock Island route 
 for Minneapolis and St. Paul, and via the Northern Pacific railway for Bis- 
 marck, Helena, Portland, Seattle, Tacoma, Vancouver, Victoria, and all 
 points in the Puget Sound country. At Denver, Col., connections are made 
 with lines running south, southwest and west, either through the plains of 
 Arizona and New Mexico, or over the mouLtains of Colorado, Utah and 
 California. The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway penetrates the most 
 interesting portion of the Western States. The scenery along the lines is 
 always interesting, and often picturesque and beautiful. 
 
 Ticket Office. — The central ticket office of the Chicago, Rock Island 
 & Pacific railway is located on the sw. cor. of Clark and Washington sts. 
 (Chicago Opera House block), in the heart of the city. Here the visitor may 
 purchase tickets to all points covered by the system and its connections, secure 
 sleeping car berths, etc., and obtain all necessary information in regard to 
 the time of arrival and departure of trains, etc. Here, also, printed informa- 
 tion regarding the points covered by the system, time tables, pocket guide*, 
 etc., may be obtained free on application. 
 
 Chicago, St. Paid & Kansas City Railway. — A direct line between Chicago, 
 Dubuque and St. Paul and Minneapolis, in the Northwest, and Chicago, Des 
 Moines, St. Joseph, Leavenworth and Kansas City, in the Southwest, passing 
 through the States of Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Miss< uri and Kansas. 
 
 Depot. — All trains on the Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City railway 
 Arrive at and depart from the Grand Central Passenger Station, Harrison st, 
 nd Fifth ave. 
 
488 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Equipment. — The Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City railway is equipped 
 in the most modern fashion. Its express trains are among the handsomest 
 arriving at or departing from the city. Nearly all its passenger cars are new 
 and many of them are magnificent in construction and furnishings. 
 
 General Offices. — The general offices of the Chicago, St. Paul & Kan- 
 sas City railway are located as follows: St. Paul, corner of Jackson and 
 Fifth sts. ; Chicago, Phenix building, Jackson st. and Pacific ave. ; New 
 York, No. 47 Wall st. 
 
 Officers of the Company. — The principal officers of the company are : 
 A. B. Stickney, Chairman of the Board, St. Paul, Minn.; John M. Egan, 
 president and general manager, St. Paul, Minn.; William Lewis Boyle, vice- 
 president, New York; W. B. Bend, treasurer, St. Paul, Minn.; M. C. Wood- 
 ruff, secretary, Dubuque, Iowa; W. R. Busenbark, traffic manager, Chicago; 
 F. H. Lord, general passenger and ticket agent, Chicago; C. A. Cairns, 
 assistant general passenger and ticket agent, Chicago; P. C. Stohr, general 
 freight agent, Chicago; F. H. Tib-bits, assistant general freight agent, 
 Chicago. 
 
 Passenger Department. — As the visitor will probably have to do with 
 the passenger department of the Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City railway 
 exclusively, it is suggested that with reference to the engaging of special 
 trains, special cars, the accommodation of large parties, the mapping out of 
 special tours, etc., he communicate with or call upon Mr. F.H. Lord, general 
 passenger and ticket asrent, Phenix building, Jackson st. and Pacific ave., 
 Chicago, or with R. S. Hair, general Eastern passenger agent, 343 Broadway, 
 New York City. 
 
 Points Reached.— The Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City railway is a 
 direct line to Dubuque. St. Paul and Minneapolis, and to Waterloo, Cedar 
 Falls, Marshalltown, Des Moines, St. Joseph, Atchison, Leavenworth and 
 Kansas City. Among the points covered are some of the most populous 
 towns and cities in the West: Dubuque, Iowa (40,000); Des Moines, Iowa 
 (75,000); St. Joseph, Mo. (70,000); Atchison, Kan. (20,000); Leavenworth, 
 Kan. (40,000); Kansas City, Mo. (200,000); St. Paul, Minn. (150,000); Min- 
 neapolis, Minn. (175,000); Marshalltown, Iowa (10,000); Mason City, Iowa 
 (4,000); Cedar Falls, Iowa (5,000); Waterloo, Iowa (8,000); Austin, Minn. 
 (5,000); Waverly, Iowa (3,000); St. Charles, 111. (2,500); Sycamore, 111. 
 (4,000). Other towns and villages tributary to this line swell the grand total 
 to nearly 3,000,000 people. 
 
 Ticket Office. — The city ticket office of the Chicago, St. Paul & Kan- 
 sas City railway is located at 188 Clark st. Here the visitor may purchase 
 tickets to all points covered by the system, including all cities and towns in 
 the West, Northwest and Southwest, secure sleeping-car berths, etc., and 
 obtain all necessary information * regarding the arrival and departure of 
 trains. Here, also, printed information in relation to the points reached, time 
 tables, etc., may be had free on application. 
 
 Chicago & Alton Railroad. — One of the great lines of railroad extending 
 from the city to the south and southwest. It has three great terminals — 
 Chicago, St. Louis and Kansas City, and between these centers of trade and 
 population it does an immense business annually. Its earnings from all 
 sources during the year 1890 was $7,065,753.15; operating expenses, $4,382,- 
 001.55; net earnings, $2,683,751.60, 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 489 
 
 Depot. — All trains over the Chicago & Alton railroad arrive at, and 
 depart from, the Union passenger station, Canal, between Madison and Adams 
 streets, West Side. Here every arrangement is provided for the comfort and 
 convenience of patrons. There are handsome waiting rooms for ladies and 
 gentlemen. Depot agents give all desirable information, and see that passen- 
 gers make no mistakes in taking traiLS. Attendants are at hand to see to the 
 wants of ladies, children and infirm persons. 
 
 Equipment, Etc. — The Chicago & Alton railroad is one of the most com- 
 pletely and superbly equipped lines in the world. Its trains are always 
 clean, comfortable and elegant. They are a 1 ways on time, and delays and 
 accidents are unheard of in connection wiih this admirably managed railway. 
 The 6 p. m. Kansas City vestibuled limited is asolid vestibuled train, running 
 through from Chicago to Kansas City without change, and composed of new 
 vestibuled smoking cars, new vestibuled day cars, new vestibuled reclining 
 chair cars, free of extra charge; new Pullman buffet vestibuled twelve-section 
 sleeping cars, and vestibuled dining cars. Supper in dining car from Chicago, 
 6 p. m., to Dwight, 8:12p. m. Breakfast in dining car from Slater, 5:25 a.m., 
 to Kansas City, 8:30 a., m. The Kansas City, limited, also carries a through 
 Pullman sleeping car from Chicago to Denver via Kansas City and the Union 
 Pacific Ry. The Day Express, leaving Chicago 9 a. m. daily, has reclining 
 chair cars and ladies' palace day cars (seats free of extra charge), and Pullman 
 parlor car Chicago to St. Louis. Through coaches, Chicago to St. Louis. 
 Dining-car, Pontiac to Bloomington ; through Pullman bullet sleeping car, 
 St. Louis to Hot Springs. St. Louis vestibuled limited, leaving Chicago 9 
 a. m., is a solid vestibuled train between Chicago and St. Louis, composed of 
 pal-ice reclining-chair cars, palace day cars (free of extra charge). Pullman 
 companment sleeping cars and Pullman buffet sleeping cars from Chicago to 
 St. Louis. Pullman buffet sleeping and reclining-chair cars (seats free of extra 
 charge), St. Louis to Hot Springs. 
 
 General Offices. — The general offices of the Chicago & Alton Railroad 
 Company are located in the Monadnock Building on the southwest corner of 
 Dearborn and Jackson streets. 
 
 Passenger Department. — As the visitor wil probably have to do exclu- 
 sively with the passenger department of the Chicago & Alton railroad, it is 
 suggested that with reference to the engagement of special trains, special 
 cars, the accommodation of large parties, the mapping out of special routes, 
 etc., he communicate with, or call upon, Mr. James Charlton, General Pas- 
 senger and Ticket Agent, Monadnock building, southwest corner Dearborn 
 and Jackson streets, Chicago. 
 
 Points Reached. — In general the visitor will take the Chicago & Alton 
 railroad for St. Louis and Kansas Cily, all intermediate points and points 
 beyond, south, southwest and west. Take this line for Joliet, Dwight, 
 Pontiac, Chenoa, Normal, Bloomington, Springfield. Mason City, Petersburg, 
 Ashland. Jacksonville, Roodhouse, Pleasant Hill and points tribut- 
 ary in Illinois; for Louisana, Bowling Green, Mexico, Fulton, Centralia, 
 Glasgow, Slater, Marshall, Blackburn, Bates City, Glendale, Independence, 
 Kansas City and points tributary in Missouri. Take this line for Carrollton, 
 Jerseyville, Alton, Edwardsville, East St. Louis, and all other points between 
 Chicago and St. Louis, and for St. Louis and all points in the South and 
 Southwest. Connections are made with every railroad and every railway 
 system operating in the South, Southwest and West, by the trains of this 
 company, either at points along the lines or at the Great Union depots of 
 
490 CxUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 St. # Louis or Kansas City. A Pullman sleeping car runs daily between 
 Chicago and Denver, via Kansas City and the Union Pacific railway 
 and on fast limited time. Three daily trains from Chicago 
 to Kansas City, and four daily trains from Kansas City to Chicago. 
 The Chicago & Alton affords a magnificent route from Chicago to 
 Memphis, Mobile, New Orleans and all points south, via St. Louis. It is a 
 direct line to and from Missouri, Arkansas, Texas, Kansas, Colorado, New 
 Mexico, Mexico, Arizona, Nebraska, California, Oregon, etc. It is a favorite 
 routeto and fromKansaslands and Colorado, New Mexicoand Californiahealth 
 and pleasure resorts and the mining districts of the great West. Excursion 
 tickets are sold via the Chicago& Alton at greatly reduced rates to Austin , Texas ; 
 Cedar Keys, Fla. ; Charleston, S. C; El Paso, Texas; Eureka Springs, Ark ; 
 Fernandina, Fla.; Gainesville, Texas; Galveston, Texas; Hot Springs. Ark.; 
 Houston, Texas; Jacksonville, Fla. ; Las Vegas Hot Springs, N. M. ; Mexico 
 City, Mex., Mobile, Ala.; New Orleans, La.; Pensacola, Fla.; San Antonia, 
 Texis, Savannah, Ga.; Tampa, Fla.; Thomasville, Ga.; Waldo, Fla. ; Los 
 Angeles, San Francisco and all California and Oregon points; to Ogden, 
 Salt Lake City, and all the famous winter resorts in the West and South. 
 
 Principal Officers. — The principal officers of the Chicago & Alton 
 Railroad Company are: T. B. Blackstone, president; J. C. McMullin, vice- 
 president; James H. Foster, secretary and treasurer; C. H. Chappell, general 
 manager, Chauncey Kelsey, auditor; James Charlton, general passenger and 
 ticket agent; H. H. Courtright, general freight agent. 
 
 Ticket Office. — The city ticket office of the Chicago & Alton railroad 
 is located at 195 South Clark street; Robert Summerville, city passenger and 
 ticket agent. Here the visitor may purchase tickets to all points covered by 
 the lines of this road or on connecting lines, secure sleeping-car berths, etc., 
 and obtain information regarding arrival and departure of trains, rat 3 s of 
 fare, etc. Here, also, printed matter relating to the road and its connections, 
 time tables, etc,., may be had free on application. 
 
 Chicago and Calumet Terminal Railway Company. — This company was 
 organized and constructed for the transfer of freight cars between the different 
 railway lines, industries and elevators of Chicago and vicinity. It is at pres- 
 ent in operation from South Chicago to a junction with the Atchison, Topeka 
 & Santa Fe Railroad, a distance of about thirty-five miles, running through 
 tlie manufacturing districts of the Calumet region, and has located along its 
 line some of the largest manufacturing industries in that section. It has direct 
 connectioos with and crosses the following roads: The Baltimore & Ohio 
 Rdlroad, Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway, Pittsburg, Ft. Wayne 
 & Chicago Railway, Michigan Central Railroad, Louisville, New Albany & 
 Chicago Railway, Chit ago & Erie Railroad, New York, Chicago & St. Louis 
 Railroad, Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad, Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago 
 & St. Louis Railroad, Illinois Central Railroad, Chicago, Rock Island & 
 Pacific Railroad, Chicago & Grand Trunk Railway, Wabash Railroad, Chi- 
 cago & Alton Railroad, Atchison, Topeka <& Santa Fe Railroad and the Belt 
 Railway of Chicago. Its principal stations are at South Chicago, Whitings 
 (at which point the Standard Oil Company are located, with their extensive 
 refineries, etc.) East Chicago, Indiana; Hammond, Indiana; Hegewisch, Illi- 
 nois; Dolton, Illinois; Riverdale, Illinois; Bluelslaud, Illinois; WiretonPark, 
 Illinois; Alsip, Illinois; Johnstone, Stickney (also known as the Chicago 
 Union Transfer Company's yards), Chappell and McCook. This road is doing 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 491 
 
 much to develop the section of country through which U runs, and a large 
 number of important manufacturing firms are negotiating for locations along 
 its line. This system will be soon connected with the Chicago & Northern 
 Pacific Railroad, which will make it a complete belt line, encircling the city, 
 connecting with every railroad north, east, west and south. Its general 
 offices are located in the Grand Central Passenger Station, corner of Harrison 
 street and Fifth Avenue, and its different officers are as follows: D. S. Wegg, 
 president; S. R. Ainslie, general manager; T. J. Hyman, auditer; Henry S. 
 Hawley, general agent; W. S. Jones, chief engineer; E. R. Knowlton, super- 
 in f endtnt. 
 
 Chicago & Eastern Illinois. — Mileage, 472; earnings last fiscal year, 
 $8, 200, 000; number of locomotives, 98; freight cars, 8,500; passenger cars, 
 76. All trains arrive at and depart from Dearborn Station, Dearborn st. and 
 Fourth ave. A solid vestibule train with dining car runs between Chicago 
 and Nashville, Tenn., via Evansville and the Louisville & Nashville rail- 
 road. This train leaves Chicago daily at 4 p. m., arriving at Nashville at 7 
 a. m. the next dav. Returning, train leaves Nashville at 7:50 p. m., and 
 arrives in Chicago at 11:20 a. m. the next day. The passenger trains of this 
 company are all very handsomely equipped, and the road is a most popular 
 one with the commercial public and travelers in search of pleasureand health. 
 
 Chicago & Grand Trunk Railway. — This is the connecting line between 
 the Grand Trunk Railway System of Canada, and the systems of railway in 
 the United States centering in Chicago. It is one of the most efficiently con- 
 ducted lines on the continent, and, as forming a link between the Dominion 
 and the United States systems, one of the most important. An idea of the 
 immense amount of business transacted by the Chicago & Grand Trunk rail- 
 way may be formed from the fact that during the year 1889 its gross receipts 
 were $3,633,324.16; its working expenses, $2,722,735.97, and its net revenue, 
 $910,588.19. 
 
 Central Depot. — Trains of the Chicago & Grand Trunk railway arrive 
 and depart from the magnificent passenger depot, known as the Dearborn 
 Station, foot of Dearborn St., corner of Polk st. and Third ave. 
 
 Equipment, Etc. — The equipment of the Chicago & Grand Trunk rail- 
 way is first-class in every respect. Magnificent trains are run at frequent 
 intervals to all points in Michigan and Canada. Luxurious passenger and 
 sleeping cars, elegant day coaches, dining room and buffetcars accompany all 
 its through express trains. The tracks are steel and both the road-bed and 
 rolling stock are maintained at the highest standard. 
 
 General Offices. — The general offices of the company are located at 
 Detroit, Mich., and at Chicago. The latter is located at 300 to 312 Rialto 
 building. Van Buren st , rear of the Board of Trade building, and opposite 
 the Van Buren Street depot. The principal representatives of the company 
 in Chicago are: Mr. G. B. Reeve, the traffic manager, and Mr. W. E. Davis, 
 the p-eneral passenger and ticket agent. 
 
 Passenger Department. — As the visitor will probably have to do with 
 the passenger department exclusively, it is suggested that with reference to 
 arrangements for special cars, special trains, accommodations for large 
 parties, or the mapping out of special tours, he communicate with Mr. W. E. 
 Davis, general passenger and ticket agent, Rialto building', Chicago. 
 
 Points Reached. — In general, the visitor will take the Chicago & Grand 
 Trunk railway for all points in central and northeastern Michigan, for all 
 
49^ GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 points in the Dominion of Canada covered by the Grand Trunk railway, and 
 for all points in the eastern part of the United States. Take this line for 
 Valparaiso, South Bend, Battle Creek, Lansing, Durand, Flint, Detroit, Sarnia, 
 London, Hamilton, .Niagara Falls, Buffalo, Toronto, Montreal, Portland, New 
 York and Boston. (See Grand Trunk Railway of Canada.) 
 
 Principal Officers.— The principal officers of the Chicago & Grand 
 Trunk railway are: L. J. Seargeant, president, Montreal, Que.; W. J. Spicer, 
 general manager, Detroit, Mich.; G. B. Reeve, traffic manager, Chicago; W. 
 E. Davis, general passenger and ticket agent, Chicago. 
 
 Ticket Office. — The central ticket office of the Chicago & Grand 
 Trunk railway is located at 103 South Clark st. Here the visitor may pur- 
 chase tickets to any point covered by the line, or by the lines comprising the 
 system of the Grand Trunk railway of Canada, or on any of the numerous 
 connecting lines, east and west, and obtain all necessary information concern- 
 ing the arrival and departure of trains, rates of fare, etc. Here, also, printed 
 matter, containing general information regarding the Chicago & Grand 
 Trunk railway proper, and connecting lines, may be had free on application. 
 
 Sl. Clair Tunnel. — This is the greatest submarine tunnel in the world. It 
 extends from Port Huron, Michigan, under the St. Clair River to Sarnia, in 
 the Canadian Province of Ontario, and connects the Grand Trunk Railway 
 system of Canada with the Chicago & Grand Trunk Railway and its connect- 
 ing and associate lines. The tunnel proper is a continuous iron tube, nineteen 
 feet and ten inches in diameter, and 6025 feet in length (or a trifle over one 
 mile). The approaches, in addition to the tunnel proper, are 5,603 feet in 
 length, making all told a little over two miles. This great international 
 undertaking was completed at a cost of $2,700,000, and opened for freight 
 traffic October 27th. and for passenger traffic December 7, 1891. The tunnel 
 is lighted by incandescent electric lamps, placed at suitable intervals. By 
 reason of the method of construction employed, and the material (iron) used 
 therein, the tunnel is absolutely water-tight. As illustrating the accuracy of 
 engineering skill, and without entering into lengthy details, suffice it to say 
 that the construction of the tunnel was begun and carried on from both the 
 American and Canadian sides of the river simultaneously, and when the 
 edges of the tunnel shields met midway under the river bed, the total errors 
 inline were found to be too small for measurement. Trains of the Chicago 
 & Grand Trunk Railway are hauled through the tunnel by coke-burning 
 engines specially constructed for the purpose. They are said to be the 
 largest engines in the world. The entire weight of the engine and tender 
 rests upon ten drive-wheels. The weight of one of these monster engines in 
 actual service is found to be approximately one hundred tons. 
 
 Chicago & Northern Pacific Railroad. — The object for which theChicago & 
 Northern Pacific was incorporated was to operate a belt road around Chicago 
 for suburban traffic and to furnish an entry to the city and terminal facilities 
 here, both passenger and freight, for such roads as might require them. [See 
 Wisconsin Central Lines for lease of Chicago & Northern Pacific Terminal 
 to Northern Pacific Company.] In addition to the Wisconsin Central it now 
 furnishes such facilities to the Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City and Baltimore 
 & Ohio R. R., which has equal rights in the Grand Central passenger station 
 with the Wisconsin Central. Quite a number of the roads are customers of 
 this company for transfer purposes. It lacks but a small In k to connect the 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 493 
 
 lines of the Chicago & Northern Pacific and the Chicago & Calumet Termi- 
 nal, and the company will then have a complete belt line around the city, 
 crossing the tracks of every road entering it. Part of this link is now under 
 construction, and it is expected that the whole of it will be completed within 
 a very short time. Neither the Wisconsin Central, Chicago, St. Paul& Kan- 
 sas City nor the Baltimore & Ohio now does a suburban business, as far as 
 the tracks of the Chicago & Northern Pacific extend. That part of the 
 traffic the Chicago & Northern Pacific reserves for itself and it is one of the 
 conditions required of all lines leasing its tracks for passenger purposes that 
 they leave this business for it. It runs thirty-six trains daily between Chi- 
 cago and Conway Park and uses practically two lines for this suburban busi- 
 ness. One of these is the old dummyroad from W. Fortieth st. to Altenheim 
 and Waldheim cemeteries. This road has been thoroughly overhauled and a 
 double track laid the entire distance. A good deal of confusion exists in the 
 public mind regarding the Grand Central depot and the terminal facilities 
 connected with it. Most people regard it as the property of the Wisconsin 
 Central road or of the Northern Pacific, which has acquired title to the pos- 
 session of that corporation. This is a mistake. All the terminals in this city 
 and the line of road over which the Wisconsin Central trains run into the 
 city from Altenheim really belong to a company separate and distinct from 
 both the Wisconsin Central and the Northern Pacific, of the very existence 
 of which many people are in ignorance. This is, no doubt, in large measure, 
 owing to the similarity of name of this company and that of the Northern 
 Pacific. Its corporate title is the Chicago & Northern Pacific, and it was 
 this company and not the Northern Pacific proper which recently purchased 
 the Chicago & Calumet terminal road. Reference to the "Wisconsin Cen- 
 tral Lines" and "Northern Pacific Railroad " will show the connection of 
 these several corporations. 
 
 Officers of the Company. — The officers of the Chicago & Northern 
 Pacific Railroad Company are all located in Chicago and are as follows: 
 D. S. Wegg, president; H. S. Boutell, secretary and general solicitor; S. R. 
 Ainslie, general manager; T. J. Hyman, auditor; Henry S. Hawley, general 
 agent; E. R. Knowlton, superintendent; W. S. Jones, chief engineer. The 
 general offices are located in the Grand Central depot, Harrison tt. and Fifth 
 ave. 
 
 Chicago & North- Western Railway.— The Chicago & North- Western rail- 
 way system has more than 7,200 miles of first-class railway, traversing the 
 Stales of Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota North and South Dakota, 
 Nebraska, northern Michigan and Wyoming. In the year 1890 nearly 1,200 
 locomotives and 37,200 cars were necessary to handle the enormous traffic 
 originating at the 2,000 stations on this great line. It is one of the leading 
 thoroughfares from Chicago to Council Bluffs, Omaha, Sioux City; Chicago 
 to St. Paul and Minneapolis, Chicago to Milwaukee and Marquette, Chicago 
 to Ashland and Duluth, Chicago to Des Moines and Sioux City; Chicago to 
 Huron and Pierre. It reaches Madison, the capital of Wisconsin; St. 
 Paul, the capital of Minnesota; Des Moines, the capital of Iowa; Lincoln, 
 the capital of Nebraska; Pierre, the capital of South Dakota. It runs solid 
 vestibuled trains of elegant coaches, free reclining-chair cars and palace sleep- 
 ing and dining cars between Chicago and Denver and Chicago and Portland, 
 Ore., without change, with through sleeping cars to San Francisco, in addi- 
 tion to running trains from Chicago to eveiy leading ciiy in the States 
 above named, More than 1,000 conductors are employed to look after the 
 
494 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 comfort of the millions of passengers that travel yearly by the North-Western. 
 Its lines traverse an empire of inexhaustible resources, and the territory pro- 
 duces yearly millions of tons of corn, wheat, oats, lumber, iron ore, pig iron, 
 gold, silver, lead, copper, cattle, horses, hogs, poultry, fish, broom corn, flax, 
 beer, packed pork and beef, fresh meats, etc., etc. The surface of the terri- 
 tory it traverses presents nearly every feature known to the descriptive 
 writer: prairie, mountain, woodland, mining camps, etc., etc., and it can 
 show rivers and lakes, and other charms of rural scenery not surpassed in any 
 country in the world. It was the pioneer railroad westward from Chicago, 
 and its history furnishes the most striking illustration of rapid growth and 
 development. From the Galena & Chicago Union railway, consisting of 
 forty-two miles, over which trains were first run in 1850, has grown what is 
 now known as the Chicago & North-Western railway system, one of the most 
 prosperous in the world . It runs Pullman and Wagner vestibuled sleepers 
 on all its through trains. It runs its own unequaled dining cars on all prin- 
 cipal trains. Its road-bed is as good as any in the country. Its bridges are 
 of steel, unequaled by those of any railroad in the world. Its trains connect 
 with all of the roads east of Chicago and beyond its own termini. Ticket 
 agents everywhere sell tickets via the Chicago & North-Western railway, and 
 it has its own agencies in all of the larger cities on the Atlantic & Pacific 
 coasts, as well as in the mountains of Colorado, Wyoming and Utah. More 
 than 165 trains arrive and depart from its great central passenger station in 
 Chicago daily. 
 
 Business op the North- Western Company. — The number of miles of 
 Hack operated by the Chicago & North-Western Railway Company, exclusive 
 of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha, and the Sioux City & 
 Pacific railroads, which are operated under this management, was in 1891 
 $4,254.55; the gross earnings were $27,793,674.41; the expenses of operation, 
 including taxes, interests and sinking fund, were $24,113,111.72; the net rev- 
 enue was $3,680,562.69; the dividends declared for the year were $3,445,804; 
 the balance of net earnings was $234,758.69; the passenger earnings were 
 $6,700,351 38: the freight earnings, $19,829,341.31; the earnings from the 
 carriage of express company's goods were $416,925.58; from the caniage of 
 United States mail matter, $598,562.70; and the miscellaneous earnings 
 amounted to $248,493.44. The taxes paid by the company amounted to 
 $854,476. 34. The whole number of passengers carried during the year on the 
 Chicago & North-Western railway proper was 13,184,829, being a net increase 
 of 1,042,040 over the previous year. The number of passenger trains run 
 during the year was 125,691; the average number run each working day was 
 401tVo 5 the average number of miles run by each train was 58f%% ; thenumber 
 of passenger cars hauled was 412,461 ;'the average number of passengers in each 
 train per mile run was 42 j^ ; and the average number carried in each passen- 
 ger car per mile run was 12^5%. The business of the Chicago & North-West- 
 ern railway is constantly increasing, so that the transactions in all depart- 
 ments of the service for the year ending on the thirty-first of May, 1892, will 
 show a large increase over the figures given above. The increase, for instance, 
 in the gross earnings of the year covered by the last report over the previous 
 year was $628,837 34. 
 
 Capital Stock. — Up to the date of the last report of the company the 
 common stock and scrip outstanding amounted to $31,377,327.92; the common 
 Stock and scrip owned by the company amounted to $10,007,538,05; 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 495 
 
 total common stock and scrip, $41,384,865.97. Preferred stock and scrip 
 outstanding, $22,333,170; preferred stock and scrip owned by the company, 
 $2,284.56; total preferred stock and scrip, $22,335,454.56. 
 
 Condition of Track. — The greater part of the Chicago & North-Western 
 railway system is laid with steel rails of the heaviest and best quality. 
 Double tracks are laid over portions of the road where the greatest amount of 
 service is required. 
 
 Divisions op the System. — There are three principal divisions of lines 
 of the Chicago & North- Western railway, immediately tributary to the city, 
 viz. : The Galena division, theMilwaukee division and the Wisconsin division, 
 each practically an independent trunk line in itself, and each having its own 
 branches and territory. The Galena division shootsalmost directly West from 
 Chicago to Council Bluffs and Omaha, with a branch to Sioux City and Sioux 
 Falls. This may be called the main stem of the system, and it connects at 
 Omaha with the Union Pacific. Take this division for the Illinois and 
 Iowa towns of Turner (30 miles), Geneva (35 miles), DeKalb (58 miles), 
 Rochelle (74 miles), Dixon (109 miles), Fulton (135 miles), Clinton, Iowa (157 
 miles), Cedar Rapids (219 miles), Marshalitown (288 miles), Council Bluffs 
 (490 miles), Omaha, Neb. (493 miles), and all points on the Union Pacific 
 system, including Fremont (539 miles), Grand Island (648 miles), Kearney, 
 (685 miles), North Platte (784 miles), Julesburg, Colo. (865 miles), Cheyenne 
 Wyo. (1.009 miles), Denver, (1,062 miles), Laramie (1066 miles), Ogden (1,523 
 miles), Salt Lake (1,561 miles), Sacramento (2,267 miles), San Francisco (2,357 
 miles), Los Angeles (2,712 miles), San Diego (2,890 miles), Walla Walla (2.128 
 miles), Spokane (2,334 miles), the Dalles (on the Columbia river, Oregon, 
 2,226 miles), Portland (2,314 miles), Tacoma (2,459 miles), Seattle (2,500 miles), 
 where connection is made with elegant passenger steamers on Puget Sound 
 for Port Townsend, Victoria, B . C. ; Vancouver and all points in Alaska. 
 The Milwaukee division skirts the lake to the metropolis of Wisconsin, and 
 then shoots toward the northwest. Take this division for Milwaukee (85 
 miles), Fond du Lac (148 miles), Oshkosh (166 miles), Appleton (185 miles), 
 Menominee (262 miles), Escanaba (328 miles), Ishpeming (392 miles) and the 
 great lumbering and copper mining region of the Northwest, as well as the 
 wheat belt, the Lake Superior district and Duluth (475 miles), or, branching 
 off at Eau Claire (322 miles), take this division for St. Paul (409 miles) and 
 Minneapolis (420 miles). The Wisconsin division may be termed the great 
 Northwestern route, penetrating as it does the wonderful wheat-growing 
 State of South Dakota. Take this division for Beloit (77 miles); Madison, 
 capital of Wisconsin (138 miles), Baraboo (175 miles), Winona (297 miles), 
 Rochester (347 miles), New Ulm (468 miles), Huron (662 miles) and Pierre 
 (781 miles), also for Deadwood and the Black Hills country. Besides the 
 divisions mentioned there are: The Peninsular division, the Madison divis- 
 ion, the Iova division, the Northern Iowa division, the Dakota division and 
 the Winona and St. Peter division, all covering territory as interesting to the 
 traveler and pleasure-seeker as that nearer Chicago. 
 
 Equipment of the Road. — The Chicago & North-Western Railway Com- 
 pany is one of the best equipped railroads in existence. Its rolling stork is 
 kept in the most perfect order ; nearly all of its passenger cars and locomotives 
 are of modern build ; its first-class cars, including chair cars, dining-room, 
 parlor and sleeping cars, are luxurious. The total number of locomotive 
 engines at the close of the year covered in the last report was 846; the total 
 
496 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 number of cars of all kinds, for passenger, freight and road service, was 
 26,906. Of this number 302 were first-class passenger cars, 11 were parlor 
 cars, 6 were chair cars, 9 were dining cars, 28 were second-class passenger 
 cars, 49 were combination cars, 117 were baggage and express cars, and 28 
 were mail cars. The remainder were in the freight and road service. 
 
 General Offices. — The general offices of the Chicago & North-Western 
 Railway Company are located on the northwest corner of Fifth avenue and 
 Lake streets, about three blocks south of central passenger station. 
 
 Passenger Depot. — The central station or passenger depot of the Chi- 
 cago & North- Western railway in Chicago is located at the corner of Wells 
 and Kinzie streets, North Side. It is a new and magnificent structure, where 
 every accommodation is provided for the traveling public. Trains arrive at 
 and leave this depot at intervals of a few minutes from daylight till midnight 
 every day , from and for all points in the great West and Northwest. The visitor 
 will be interested in the morning or evening by watching the immense throngs 
 of people arriving and departing, and observing the admirable system which 
 is maintained, and the total absence of confusion. Depot agents are on hand 
 to see that strangers make no mistakes in boarding trains. 
 
 Passenger Department. — As the visitor will probably have to do with 
 the passenger department of this system exclusively, it is suggested that 
 with reference to arrangements for special cars, special trains, the accommo- 
 dations of large parties, or the making of special plans for tours, he call upon, 
 or communicate with, Mr. W. A. Thrall, the General Passenger and Ticket 
 Agent; General Office?, 22 Fifth avenue, Chicago. 
 
 Points on the System. — In general the visitor will take the Chicago & 
 North-Western railway for all points in northern and western Illinois, Iowa, 
 Kansas, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North and South Dakota, Mon- 
 tana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Oregon, Washington and 
 California. Frequent trains depart for Milwaukee (85 miles), the beautiful 
 metropolis of Wisconsin; for Waukesha (102 miles), the great northern health 
 and summer resort; for St. Paul (409 miles) and Minneapolis (420 miles), the 
 twin wonders of Minnesota; for Omaha (493 miles), the most remarkable city 
 of the Missouri Valley; for Denver (1,062 miles), the great central depot of 
 the Colorado mining country, and one of the best built cities on the globe. 
 Take the Chicago & North-Western railway for Sioux City, Sioux Falls, 
 Pierre, Dead wood, in the Black Hills mining country, and all points in the 
 great wheat belt of the Dakotas; also for Cheyenne and Salt Lake City; also 
 for Portland, Tacoma, Seattle, and all points on Puget Sound. Take this line 
 for Sacramento, San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego, and all points in the 
 great fruit-growing and wine-producing district of California. In whatever 
 direction you may travel over the Chicago & North-Western railway you will 
 be carried through the most beautiful country in the United States, by grow- 
 ing towns and prosperous cities, and the accommodations afforded by the 
 company are such that the usual fatigues of traveling, as well as the 
 annoyances and dangers, are reduced to a minimum. The points of interest 
 near Chicago reached by this line are referred to under the head of "Out- 
 lying Chicago." 
 
 Principal Officers. — The principal officers of the Chicago & North- 
 Western Railway Company are: Marvin Hughitt, president; M. L. Sykes, 
 vice president, treasurer and secretary; M. M. Kirkman, second vice-presi- 
 dent; William H. Newman, third vice-president; S. O. Howe, assistant 
 treasurer and assistant secretary; J. B. Redfield, auditor and assistant secre- 
 tary; W. H. Stennelt, auditor of expenditures; John M. Whitman, general 
 

 [Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 
 THE DOUGLAS MONUMENT, DOUGLAS PLACE. 
 
 [See " Monuments."] 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 497 
 
 manager. Sherburne Sanborn, general superintendent; John E. Blunt, chief 
 engineer; William 0. Goudy, general counsel; C. S. Darrow attorney; H. R. 
 McCullough, general freight agent; William A. Thrall, general passenger 
 and ticket agent; Charles Hay ward, purchasing agent; Charles E. Simmons, 
 land commissioner; Frank P. Crandon, tax commissioner; William Smith, 
 superintendent motive power and machinery. 
 
 Summer Resorts.— Some of the most charming summer resorts on the 
 continent are situated on the lines of the Chicago & North- Western railway. 
 Nearly all are easily accessible to visitors. The company runs trains for the 
 special accommodation of those who wish to visit those places. Among the 
 great health and pleasure resorts are: Waukesha, Beloit, Janesville, Madison, 
 McHenry, Lake Geneva, Williams Bay, Fond du Lac, Green Lake. Oshkosh 
 and Neenah. In the vicinity of these places are to be found all that the 
 huntsman or fisherman could desire in the way of sport. From four to six 
 trains daily leave for the accommodation of pleasure-seekers during the 
 summer months. 
 
 Ticket Offices. — The central ticket offices of the Chicago & North- 
 western railway are located at 206 and 208 S. Clark street, near the general 
 Post Office. Here the visitor may purchase tickets to any point on the lines 
 covered by the system, or to any point on connecting lines, sleeping-car 
 tickets, etc., and obtain all necessary information concerning the arrival and 
 departure of trains, rates of fare, etc. Here, also, printed matter, containing 
 general information regarding the lines covered by the system, time tables, 
 etc., may be had free on application. 
 
 Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway. — This line is famil- 
 iarly jind popularly known as the "Big Four Route," a name which it 
 derives from the fact that it has for its quartette of terminals four of the 
 largest cities in the West — Chicago, St. Louis, Cincinnati and Cleveland. It 
 forms a part of the great Vanderbilt system of railways . This railroad was for 
 many years known as " The Bee Line." The Cleveland, Columbus, Cincin- 
 nati & Indianapolis Railway Company, which may be called the parent line, 
 was one of the earliest railroads projected or built in Ohio, being incorporated 
 March 14, 1846. 
 
 Depot. — The Central Depot of the Big Four System is located at the 
 foot of Lake and Rindolph streets. [See Illinois Central Railroad Depot.] 
 
 General Passenger Agent. — As the visitor will probably have to do 
 with the passenger department of this line exclusively, it is suggested that 
 regarding all matters connected with accommodation of an extraordinary 
 character, such as the engagement of special cars, special trains, the making 
 provision for large parties, the mapping out of special tours, etc., he com- 
 municate with, or call upon, Mr. D. B. Martin, General Passenger and 
 Ticket Agent of the Company, Cincinnati, O. 
 
 Principal Officers.— The principal officers of the Big Four System of 
 railroads are: M. E. Ingalls, president, Cincinnati; J. D. Layng, vice-presi- 
 dent, New York; Joseph Ramsey, Jr., general manager, Cincinnati; E. F. 
 Osborn, secretary, Cincinnati; George S. Russell, treasurer, Cleveland; 
 Oscar G. Murray, traffic manager, Cincinnati; D. B Martin, general pas- 
 senger agent, Cincinnati; H. M. Bronson, assistant general passenger 
 agent, Indianapolis, Ind . ; A. S. White, general freight agent, Cincinnati, O. 
 
 Principal Officers in Chicago.— The principal officers of the Big 
 
498 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Four System, in Chicago, are: J. C. Tucker, general Northern agent; H. W. 
 McCinniff, city passenger agent; H. W. Sparks, passenger agent; C. W. 
 Norris, traveling passenger agent; E. F. Cost, assistant general freight agent. 
 The offices of the company in Chicago are located at 234 Clark St., Grand 
 Pacific Hotel Block, in the business center. 
 
 Ticket Office. — The central ticket office of the Big Four System is 
 located in Grand Pacific Hotel building. Here the visitor may purchase 
 tickets over the various lines of the company, and connecting roads, and 
 obtain all necessary information concerning time of departure and arrival of 
 trains, rates of fare, etc. Here, also, printed matter, time-tables, etc., may be 
 had free on application. 
 
 Erie Lines. — The main stem of the Erie railway system is one of the most 
 important lines of communication between the Atlantic seaboard and the 
 great lakes. The system embraces the New York, Lake Erie & Western rail- 
 road, 1,029.10 miles; the New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio railroad, 576.82 
 miles; the Chicago & Erie railroad, 269.80 miles; the Buffalo & Southwestern 
 railroad, 66.36 miles; the Tioga railroad, 64.73 miles; and the New York, Lake 
 Erie & Western coal and railroad, 51.54 miles; total, 2,056.35 miles. 
 
 Chicago Connection. — The Chicago connection of the Erie Lines, is the 
 Chicago & Erie railroad (late Chicago & Atlantic). All passenger trains are 
 run through without change from Chicago to the principal points covered by 
 the Erie system. 
 
 Depot. — All trains of the Erie Lines (Chicago & Erie railroad) arrive at 
 and depart from the magnificent passenger depot known as Dearborn Station, 
 foot of Dearborn street, corner of Polk street and Third avenue. Take State 
 street cable cars. Here every arrangement is made for the convenience and 
 accommodation of patrons. There are large and handsomely furnished wait- 
 ing rooms for ladies and gentlemen. Attendants to look after the wants of 
 women and children are always on hand, and depot agents furnish necessary 
 information and see that no mistakes are made by strangers in the boarding 
 of trains, etc. 
 
 Equipment, Etc — The Erie Lines are equipped completely in the most 
 modern fashion. Their trains are among the "finest leaving New York or 
 Chicago. Some of its cars are sumptuous; the vestibuled through express 
 trains are composed of elegant day coaches, sleepers, buffet and dining cars. 
 The tracks are of steel and are maintained in the highest condition. ^ The 
 fastest time between Chic igo and New York is made over this line without 
 inconvenience to passengers and without the possibility of danger. 
 
 General Offices. — The general offices of the Erie Lines are located in 
 New York, Cleveland and Chicago. The offices in this city are located in the 
 Phenix building, corner Clark and Jackson streets. 
 
 Passenger Department. — As the visitor will probably have to do with 
 the passenger department of this railroad exclusively, it is suggested that 
 with reference to arrangements for special cars, special trains, the accommo- 
 dation of large parties, or the mapping out ofspecial routes or tours, he will 
 call upon, or communicate with, Mr. D. I. Roberts, General Passenger 
 Agent, New York City, or with Mr. F. W. Buskirk, Assistant General Pas- 
 senger Agent, Phenix building, Chicago. 
 
 Points Reached. — In general the visitor will take the Erie Lines for 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 499 
 
 all points in the East. With its main line and branches it has Western ter- 
 minals at Chicago and Cincinnati, the roads from these cities uniting at 
 Marion, Ohio. Take this line for points in Northern Indiana. For Lima, 
 Dayton, Durbin, Springfield, Urbana, Marion, Galion, Mansfield, Ashland, 
 Creston, Sterling, Kent, Ravenna, Solon, Garrettsville, Braceville, Leavitts- 
 burg, Warren, Leetonia, Niles and Youngstown, O.; also for Cleveland, 
 Ohio, and Pittsburg, Pa.; also for Newcastle, Sharon, Shenango, Greenville, 
 Oil City, Franklin, Meadville and Union City, Pa.; also for Jamestown, 
 Chautauqua Lake, Randolph, Salamanca and Buffalo, New York. Take 
 this line for Niagara Falls, for Rochester, Elmira, Binghamlon, Port Jer- 
 vis and New York City. Take this line for Albany, New York, Boston, 
 Mass., and all points in the New England States, and, in fact, for all points 
 north and south, on the Atlantic seaboard. 
 
 Principal Officers. — The principal officers of the New York, Lake 
 Erie & Western Railroad Company are: John King, President, New York; 
 E.B. Thomas, First Vice-president; Andrew Donaldson, Third Vice-president, 
 New York; J. H. Barrett, Superintendent of Transportation, Jersey City; 
 A. M. Tucker, General Manager, Cleveland, Ohio; J. C. Moorehead, Gen- 
 eral Superintendent, Cleveland, Ohio; Edward White, Treasurer, New York; 
 W. Farrington, Auditor, New York; D. I. Roberts, General Passener Agent, 
 New York; F. W. Buskirk, Assistant General Passenger Agent, Chicago. 
 
 Ticket Office. — The ticket office of the Erie Lines (Chicago & Erie 
 railroad) is located at 242 South Clark street, Grand Pacific Hotel Building, in 
 the business center. Here the visitor may purchase tickets to all points 
 covered by the Erie system and connecting lines, secure sleeping-car berths, 
 and obtain all necessary information concerning the arrival and departure of 
 trains, rates of fare, etc. Here, also, printed matter, containing general 
 information regarding the lines covered by the system, time tables, etc., may 
 be had free on application. 
 
 Grand Trunk Railway. — This is one of the greatest railroad systems on 
 the continent. Its lines are confined to the Dominion of Canada, but through 
 its affiliations and connections with lines operating in the United States, the 
 visitor taking the Grand Trunk, either coming west or going east, may 
 reach any point in the northern tier of States, and every point of interest or 
 importance in Canada. The immediate affiliations of the Grand Trunk in the 
 United States are: The Chicago & Grand Trunk, and the Detroit, Grand 
 Haven & Milwaukee; Michigan Air Line; Cincinnati, Saginaw & Mackinaw; 
 Toledo, Saginaw & Muskegon, the operation of neither of which roads is 
 iucluded in those of the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada. 
 
 Chicago Connection. — The Chicago Connection of the Grand Trunk is 
 the Chicago and Grand Trunk Railway. [See Chicago & Grand Trunk Rail- 
 way.] Trie depot of the latter company is known as Dearborn Station, and 
 is located at the foot of Dearborn street, Corner of Polk street and Third 
 avenue. 
 
 Equipment, Etc. — The Grand Trunk railway is equipped in the most 
 modern manner. Its locomotives and rolling stock, generally, is maintained 
 in the best of order. Its tracks are kept in the highest condition, and acci- 
 dents on its various lines are almost unheard of. Some of its trains are lux- 
 urious in the highest degree, and every attention is paid to the little details 
 
500 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 which go to make up the comfort of the traveling public. The recent opening 
 of the St. Claire tunnel, connecting Canada with the United States at Port 
 Huron, add largely to facilities for international communication afforded 
 by this system. 
 
 Operations of the Company. — Some idea of the immense operations of 
 the Grand Trunk railway may be formed from the following figures repre- 
 senting the transactions of the Company in 1889: Earnings from mails and 
 express, $716,897 ; passengers carried, 6,526,701 ; earnings from passenger 
 traffic, $5,988,677; tons of merchandise carried, 7,955,965; earnings from mer- 
 chandise traffic, $12,772,446; miscellaneous earnings, $95,733; total earnings, 
 $19,573,754; net revenue, $5,632,701. 
 
 Points Reached — Travelers to or from Chicago will take the Grand 
 Trunk Railway for all points of interest or importance in the Dominion of 
 Canada, east of Lake Huron and the Detroit river. European visitors will 
 find it a delightful trip to come to Chicago by way of Quebec, Montreal, 
 Ottawa, Toronto, etc. Tickets may be purchased at any of the eastern cities 
 for transportation in this direction. The Grand Trunk practically enters 
 into Chicago via the Chicago & Grand Trunk and Wabash railways. 
 All principal points in Michigan may therefore be reached by this line, 
 and at Chicago, connection may be made with roads for all parts of the 
 West, Northwest, South and Southwest. Going east take the Grand Trunk, 
 via the Chicago & Grand Trunk, for Niagara Falls, the Thousand Islands 
 and all points of interest on the St. Lawrence, as well as in the northeastern 
 portion of the United States, Nova Scotia, etc. Information concerning 
 routes, etc., may be had on applying at the ticket office of the Chicago & 
 Grand Trunk railway, 103 Clark street, Chicago, where, also, printed matter, 
 maps, time tables, etc., may be had free on application. [See Chicago & 
 Grand Trunk Railway.] 
 
 Illinois Central Railroad. — The great and only rail artery connecting Lake 
 Michigan with the Gulf of Mexico; one of the principal and one of the most 
 ably managed lines in the United States. Miles of road operated during the 
 year ending June 30, 1891,2,875; cost of operation, $11,890,366.21; gross 
 earnings, $17,881,554.77; net earnings, without deducting rentals or taxes, 
 $5,991,188.56. The history of this road is identical with that of the State of Illi- 
 nois, to the prosperity of whose peopleit has contributed in a very large measure. 
 The charter under which thecorporationwas organized exempts the company's 
 property from taxation in this State, but requires a payment to the State, in 
 lieu thereof , of 7 percent, of the gross receipts of the original railroad, 
 705.53 miles in length, or the lines from Chicago to Cairo (364.90 miles), and 
 from Centralia, Illinois, to Dubuque, Iowa (340.63 miles). The sum so paid 
 during the years from 1855 to 1890 amounted to $12,365,618. In this period 
 the stockholders of the company received, in cash dividends, $64,782,357. 
 The vast amount of money which the Illinois Central Railroad Company has 
 turned into the State treasury very materially assisted the latter in liquidat 
 ing the indebtedness contracted during the War of the Rebellion, and in meet- 
 ing the regular annual expenditures of the commonwealth for educational, 
 charitable and other purposes. The Governor of the State of Illinois is, ex 
 officio, one of its directors. 
 
 Centual Depot. — The great fire of 1871 almost wholly destroyed the 
 magnificent Central Depot occupied before that time by the Illinois Central 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA/ 501 
 
 Railroad Company, foot of Lake and Randolph sts. Since then a temporary 
 structure has been used for the accommodation of patrons, within the wallsof 
 the original building, which were left standing until the present year. The 
 Michigan Central and the Cleveland, Cinncinnati, Chicago & St. Louis (Big 
 " 4 ") railroads occupy this depot in connection with the Illinois Central . A 
 mammoth new structure will be erected this year by the Illinois Central R. R. 
 
 Entrance to Chicago. — The entrance of the Illinois Central railroad 
 into Chicago is the finest, perhaps, in the world. The road winds around the 
 horseshoe curve of the southern shore of Lake Michigan, affording a magnif- 
 icent view of the great lake. There are six tracks, two for incoming and 
 outgoing suburban trains, two for incoming and outgoing through passenger 
 trains, and two for incoming and outgoing freight (or goods) trains. The 
 terminal facilities of the road are such as to make it almost impossible that 
 blockades or accidents should result, even when all of the six tracks and 
 numerous sidings are occupied by moving trains. 
 
 Equipment. — The Illinois Central railroad, including all its branches 
 and leased lines, is equipped in the most modern manner. Its passenger 
 cars are all first-class, and some of the finest coaches in the country are run on 
 its main lines. Parlor and sleeping cars accompany all its express trains. 
 Many of these are furnished luxuriously, and every effort is made to insure 
 at once the safety and comfort of patrons. Some idea of the patronage of 
 the road may be obtained from the fact that in the year ending June 30, 1891, 
 the company owned and operated 283 passenger and chair cars, 38 smoking 
 cars, 2 baggage and smoking cars, 56 baggage and express cars, 7 express 
 cars, 18 baggage, mail and express cars, 28 postal cars, 2 pay cars, 6 business 
 cars, 7,560 box cars, 278 caboose cars, 1098 stock cars, 711 fruit cars, 520 refrig- 
 erator cars, 1,025 flat cars, 4,210 coal cars, and 4 powder cars, beides numer- 
 ous construction cars, etc. The road has 532 locomotive engines available for 
 service. The expenditure for new equipment annually amounts to very 
 nearly $1,000,000. 
 
 General Passenger Agent. — As the visitor will probably have to do with 
 the passenger department of thislineexclusively, it is suggested that regarding 
 allmatters connected with accommodation of an extraordinary character, such 
 as the engagement of special cars, special trains, the making provision for 
 large parties, the mapping out of special tours, etc., he communicate with, 
 or call upon, Mr. A. H. Hanson, general passenger agent of the company, 
 60 Wabash av., Chicago. 
 
 Lines Operated. — In addition to the main line of the Illinois Central, 
 the company operates a number of branch and leased lines. Among themost 
 important of these are the Chicago, Rockford, Freeport, Madison and Dodge- 
 ville, the Dubuque, St. Louis and Cairo, the Champaign and Havana, the 
 Rantoul, West Lebanon and Leroy, the Cherokee, Sioux Falls and Onawa, 
 the Memphis and New Orleans, the St. Louis, Cairo, Memphis and New 
 Orleans and the Manchester and Cedar Rapids lines. 
 
 Points Reached. — The visitor will take the Illinois Central Railroad 
 for St. Louis, Mo., 283 miles to the southwest of Chicago, and intermediate 
 points. On this line a number of thriving and handsome villages are passed. 
 Among them Kankakee (56 miles), where the State Asylum for the insane is 
 located; Champaign (128 miles), one of the most prosperous of the central 
 Illinois towns; lYUttoon (172 miles), a pretty village; Effingham (198 miles), 
 
502 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 where the tiain leaves the main line; and Vandalia (230 miles), one of the 
 oldest and most interesting towns in the State. At St. Louis the train crosses 
 the great steel bridge, 1,600 feet in length, over the Mississippi river. The 
 day train leaves Chicago at 8:40 a. m., arrives ia St. Louis at 7 p. m., thus 
 affording the visitor an opportunity of seeing the great Prairie State with the 
 numerous towns and villages between Chicago and St. Louis by day-light. 
 The visitor, if so inclined, may take the night train, the "Diamond Special," 
 a most superbly equipped vestibuled train, with the finest of Pullman's com- 
 partment sleepers leaving Chicago at 9 p. m., arriving at St. Louis at 7:30 
 a. m. The day trains as well as the night trains are luxuriously fitted up for 
 the comfort of passengers. Besides these trains there are others which make 
 stops at smaller or less important points. The visitor will also take 
 the Illinois Central railroad for all points in the Southwest. A train 
 leaving here at 2: p. m. will land the passenger at Memphis, Tenn., at 
 8:40 next morning, thus making the trip from the great " Corn Belt" of 
 the North to the northern extremity of the great "Cotton Belt" of the 
 South in eighteen hours and twenty minutes. At Memphis direct connec- 
 tion is made with the Louisville, New Orleans and Texas train, leaving at 
 9: 30 a. m., which arrives at Vicksburg at 7: 45 p. m. the same day. The 
 train leaving Chicago at 8 p. m. arrives in New Orleans at 8:25 a. m. on 
 the second day, the distance being 915 miles. The Chicago & New Orleans, 
 limited, leaving Chicago at 2 p. m. arrives in New Orleans at 7: 30 p. m. the 
 next day, only twenty-nine hours and thirty minutes en route. A fast mail 
 and express train leaves Chicago at 3: 15 a. m. which arrives in New 
 Orleans at 8:25 the next morning. The trip from Chicago to New 
 Orleans is full of interest to the traveler, who is carried by numerous interest- 
 ing towns and cities, and through scenery which is as diversified as the climate 
 becomes between the two extremes. At Cairo the train crosses the Illinois 
 Central magnificent new steel bridge over the Ohio river, which cost about 
 $3,000,000. The railway traverses some of the most beautiful sections of 
 the South; passing through the States of Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi 
 and Louisiana, and touching such points as Memphis, Grenada, Jackson (the 
 capital of Mississippi), Brookhaven and the numerous plantation towns of the 
 latter State. At New Orleans the visitor will find passenger steamers leaving at 
 frequent intervals for the Ead's Jetties at the mouth of the Mississippi, for 
 points in southern Florida, for Havana, Cuba, Galveston, Vera Cruz, and all 
 points on the Gulf and South American Atlantic coast. At New Orleans, also, 
 connections are made with trains over the Southern Pacific railway, which 
 pass through Texas, New Mexico and California. Take the Illinois Central 
 railroad also for Dubuque, Iowa (183 miles), and for Fort Dodge (375 miles), 
 Sioux City, Towa (510 miles), and Sioux Falls (547 miles). The Illinois Cen- 
 tral railroad and its branches at their various terminals and in Chicago make 
 connection with trains departing for all points in the United States, Canada 
 and Mexico. 
 
 Principal Officers. — The principal officers of the company are: Stuy- 
 vesant Fish, President; J. C. Welling; Vice-president and Comptroller,- 
 J. T. Harahan, second Vice-president; A. G. Hackstaff, Secretary; 
 B F. Ayer, General Counsel; J. Fentress, General Solicitor; Henry DeWolf. 
 Treasurer; T. J. Hudson, traffic manager; M. C. Markham, assistant traffic 
 manager; A. H. Hanson, general passenger agent. All the above, excepting 
 the secretary and general passenger agent, are to be found in the general 
 offices of the company, 78 Michigan rive., near central passenger depot. 
 The office of the Secretary is in New York and of the general passenger 
 agent at 60 Wabash ave, 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 503 
 
 Ticket Office. — The central ticket office of the Illinois Central rail- 
 road is located at 194 S. Clark St., near the general Postoffice. Here the 
 visitor may purchase tickets over the various lines of the company and con- 
 necting roads, and obtain all necessary information concerning time of 
 departure and arrival of trains, rates of fare, etc. Here, also, printed matter, 
 time tables, etc., may be had free on application. 
 
 Lake Slwre & Michigan Southern Railway. — The history of this magnifi- 
 cent trunk line is practically the history of railroad construction in the United 
 States. Its inception dates back to 1833, the commencement of the railroad 
 building period in this country, and every rail that has been added in the 
 extension of the original road since that time has its own story to tell of the 
 westward and onward progress of civilization, the settlement of the waste 
 places, the birth and growth of villages and towns, the peopling of great 
 cities and the prosperity of half a continent. The Lake Shore & Michigan 
 Southern railway may well be called the great east and west artery of the 
 nation, as it has done more toward infusing the blood of life into the 
 immense stretch of territory that is washed by the great inland seas than any 
 other force employed by man during the past century. The Lake Shore & 
 Michigan Southern Railway Company, as it exists to-day, was organized in 
 1869. The road is part of and one of the most important links in the famous 
 " Vauderbilt system." 
 
 Ticket Offices. — The city ticket office of the Lane Shore & Michigan 
 Southern Railway Company in Chicago is located at 66 Clark street, in the 
 business center. Here the visitor may purchase tickets for all points covered 
 by this and connecting lines, secure sleeping car berths and obtain all neces- 
 sary information concerning the arrival and departure of trains, etc. Here, 
 also, printed matter containing general information regarding the line and its 
 connections, time tables, etc., may be had free on application. Tickets may 
 also be secured at the depot ticket office. 
 
 Depot. — All trains of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway 
 Company arrive at and depart from the Van Buren Street depot, Van Buren 
 and Sherman streets, in the vicinity of the Board of Trade. Every arrange- 
 ment is made here for the comfort and accommodation of the patrons of the 
 railway. There are large and comfortably furnished waiting rooms for 
 ladies and gentlemen, atttendants to look after the wants of women and 
 children are always on hand, and depot agents furnish necessary information 
 and see that no mistakes are made by strangers in the boarding of trains, etc., 
 and all passenger trains stop at 22d Street depot to receive and deliver pas- 
 sengers, thus accommodating residents of the southern part of the city. 
 
 General Offices. — The general offices of the Lake Shore & Michigan 
 Southern Railway Company are located as follows: Grand Central Depot, 
 New York City; corner St. Clair and Seneca sts., Cleveland, Ohio; Van Buren 
 Street Station, Van Buren and Sherman streets, Chicago. 
 
 Train Service. — Via the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Ry. there 
 are six through trains from Chicago to the East with through sleepers to New 
 York and Boston. Afternoon trains from Chicago reach New York, Bos- 
 ton and New England points the following afternoon; the evening trains the 
 second morning. One of the special features of the service provided by this 
 
504 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 car, which is attached at convenient hours. The latest addition to the 
 service is the new fast morning train known as the "Chicago and Boston 
 Special," leaving Chicago at 10:30 a.m. New York, Boston and all the 
 principal New England points are reached early the next afternoon. The 
 equipment of the train is practically the same as of the ' ' Limited " above 
 referred to, except that no private compartment cars are run. 
 
 Louisville, New Albany & Chicago Railway. — Better known as the " Monon 
 Route," is the Short line between Chicago and Indianapolis, ihe popular 
 route Chicago to Cincinnati or Louisville and all points South. 
 
 The train known as the "Velvet " consists of Pullman Perfected Safety 
 Vestibuled Parlor, Dining, Smoking and Day Coaches. 
 
 It is the only line serving meals in a regular dining car between Chicago 
 and the Ohio river. 
 
 The " Electric" the night train, Chicago to Cincinnati, is equipped with 
 Pullman's Safety Vestibuled Sleepers and a Compartment car, the latter 
 innovation supplying a most attractive feature for parties and families desiring 
 to travel together. 
 
 The equipment of all its trains are supplied with every modern design 
 and appliance, its roadbed and bridges have been thoroughly reconstructed, 
 placing it in the van and insuring speed, comfort and safety to its patrons. 
 The principal officers are: Genl. Samuel Thomas, president, New York; 
 Wm. 11. McDoel, general manager; Joseph H. Craig, auditor and purchasing 
 agent; R. M. Arnold, general freight agent; James Barker, general passen- 
 ger agent; F. J. Reed, city passenger agent, 73 Clark street, Chicago, 111. 
 General offices, Monon block, Chicago. 
 
 All trains leave Union Depot, Dearborn Station, Polk and Dearborn 
 streets, Chicago. 
 
 Michigan Central Railroad. — A feeder of the Vanderbilt system. Depot 
 foot of Lake st. Formerly had a monopoly of Niagara Falls and Detroit 
 business, most of which is now controlled by other and better equipped lines 
 Offices of the company located in the new Kearsage building, Jackson and 
 Dearborn sts. City ticket office, 67 Clark st. 
 
 New York Central and Hudson River Railroad. — The connecting link 
 between the Vanderbilt railroads of the West and New York City. Connects 
 at Buffalo and Albany with all railroads from the West, taking the Northern 
 route. Number of miles operated, 1,420.64. Officers: Cornelius Vanderbilt, 
 chairman of the board; Chauncey M. Depew, president; Charles C. Clarke, 
 first vice president; Horace J. Hay den, second vice-president; H. Walter 
 Webb, third vice-president ; Edwin D. Worcester, secretary ; Edward V. H. Ros- 
 siter, treasurer. General office, Albany, New York. New York office, Grand 
 Central Station. Earnings for the year ending June 30, 1890, $27,263,202.30; 
 expenses, $18,118,948.59. Number of passengers carried during the year, 
 13,115,397; number of tons of freight carried, 12,202,346. Average speed of 
 ordinary passenger trains, including stops, twenty-eight miles per hour. Aver- 
 age speed of express trains, including stops, thirty-eight miles per hour. The 
 New York Central & Hudson River railroad traverses the most beautiful 
 stretch of country east of the Alleghany mountains. The scenery along the 
 Hudson river has been descrihed so often that it is hardly worth while going 
 into it here. It is picturesque and beautiful. The trains of the Lake Shore 
 & Michigan Southern railway and the Michigan Central railroad connect 
 directly with the Hudson River line, and pass over its tracks without change. 
 [See Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railway and Michigan Central rail- 
 road ] 
 
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 
 KIMBALL HALL— W. W. KIMBALL CO'S. SALESROOMS. 
 
 [See " Great Industries. 1 '] 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 505 
 
 Northern Pacific Railroad. — Chicago is now practically the eastern 
 terminus of the great system of railroads owned, controlled and operated by 
 the Northern Pacific Railroad Company. Through trans-continental trains, 
 passenger and freight, arrive at and depart from the Grand Central depot in 
 ihis city. The contract entered into on April 1, 1890, between the Wisconsin 
 Central Lines and the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, whereby the lat- 
 ter obtained a lease of all the lines of railroad owned and controlled by the 
 Wisconsin Central Companies, between the cities of Chicago and St. Paul and 
 Ashland, including the lines of railroad, real estate and terminal facilities of the 
 Chicago & Northern Pacific Railroad Company, gave the Northern Pacific 
 Railroad Company a complete line from Chicago to St. Paul (its former termi- 
 nus) and at the same time gave to Chicago complete and uninterrupted con- 
 nection with all points covered by the trans-continental system. (See Wis- 
 consin Central Lines.) The importance of this consolidation of interests is 
 well understood and fully appreciated in Chicago. The Northern Pacific is 
 one of the mo it perfectly managed railroad properties on the continent; it 
 penetrates a country rich in natural resources; it is developing a territory that 
 will be populated by millions of sturdy and prosperous people in the near 
 future and the advantage to be derived by Chicago from unbroken communi- 
 cation and direct commercial intercourse with "these people can hardly be 
 over-estimated. 
 
 Depot. — All trains of the Northern Pacific railroad arrive at and depart 
 from the Grand Central depot, Harrison st. and Fifth ave. [See Wisconsin 
 Central Lines; also see illustration.] Here every arrangement is made for the 
 comfort and convenience of the company's patrons. Attendants to see to the 
 wants of women and children are always on hand. Depot agents give all 
 desired information and see that no mistakes are made by strangers in board- 
 ing trains, etc. 
 
 Equipment, Etc. — The equipment of the Northern Pacific railroad is 
 most extensive and complete, and is unexcelled by that of any other railroad 
 in existence. Travelers over this magnificent system are assured here that every 
 comfort and safeguard known in modern railroading is provided for them. 
 The through trains leaving Chicago and St. Paul are superb in their make-up, 
 are vestibuled, and consist of Pullman first-class and tourist sleepers, dining 
 room and buffet cars, and first and second-class passenger coaches. From the 
 following figures the visitor will be able to obtain an idea of the general 
 equipment of the system. The company has 651 locomotives, seventy-five 
 first-class coaches, fifty-eight second-class coaches, five third-class coaches, 
 fifty sleeping cars, sixty emigrant sleeping cars, twenty-six diniDg cars, 
 twenty-two combination passenger and baggage cars, 112 baggage, mail and 
 express cars, seven business cars, eight superintendent's cars, 550 furniture 
 cars, 9,436 box cars, 272 refrigerator cars, forty-three beer cars, thirty fruit 
 cars, 856 stock cars, 3,787 flat cars, fourteen oil-tank flat cars, 334 oil cars; 
 568 coal cars (four wheels), 2,089 coal cars (eight wheels), 216 logging trucks, 
 325 caboose cars, four ferry cars, eighty-eight boarding cars, one painter's car, 
 one scale test car, ten pile drivers, twelve steam shovels, two stone derricks, 
 ten wrecking cars, sixteen tool cars, six rotary snow plows, 1,260 hand and 
 push cars, seventy-seven velocipede cars, five steamers, two barges. 
 
 General Offices. — The general offices of the Northern Pacific Railroad 
 Company are located at 35 Wall St., New York City, and at St. Paul, Minn. 
 The system is operated from the St. Paul offices. 
 
506 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Passenger Department. — Those desiring information as to tickets, pas- 
 senger rates, special cars, special trains, the accommodation of large parties, 
 the mapping out of special tours, etc., should call upon or communicate with 
 Mr. Charles S. Fee, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, general offices North 
 ern Pacific Railroad Company, St Paul, Minn. 
 
 Points Reached. — In general the visitor will take the Northern Pacific 
 railroad for all points on the line of the Wisconsin Central railroad between 
 Chicago and St. Paul, and for all points in the western and northwestern 
 portions of the United States. The road either reaches direct or by connec- 
 tion every point of interest or importance in Wisconsin, Minnesota, North 
 and South Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Washington- Nevada, Cali- 
 fornia and British Columbia. It is the most direct route to the wonderful 
 Puget Sound country, and takes in the prosperous cities of Portland, Tacoma, 
 Seattle and Victoria. On the road the traveler may stop off at Helena, Mon 
 tana's business and banking center, Butte, the greatest mining town in the 
 world, Spokane Falls, the magnificent city of Eastern Washington, where he 
 will be amazed at the elegant buildings and general prosperity of the people. 
 The Northern Pacific penetrates the famous Cceur d'Alene mining coun- 
 try, the wonderful forests of Oregon and Washington, and the beauti- 
 ful agricultural country lying between the Western slope of the Rockies 
 and Puget- Sound. West of Helena the road winds around the peaks 
 and crosses the grand "divide " of the Rocky mountains, where scenery may 
 be witnessed as rugged and picturesque as any on the continent. Take the 
 Northern Pacific for the following principal towns in Minnesota, Dakota, 
 Manitoba. Montana, Washington and British Columbia: St, Paul, Minneapo- 
 lis, Little Falls, Duluth, West Superior, Brainerd, Wadena, Winnipeg Junc- 
 tion, Glyndon, Moorhead, Fargo, GrandForks, Pembina, Winnipeg, Casselton, , 
 Valley City, Jamestown, Bismarck, Mandan, Helena, Butte, Garrison, Mis- 
 soula, Hope, Spokane Falls, Sprague, Pasco Junction, Wallula Junction, 
 Tacoma, Seattle, Portland, Victoria and Vancouver. The following is the 
 westward train service of this railroad: 
 
 The "Pacific Mail" leaves Chicago at 10:45 p.m., daily; St. Paul at 
 4:15 p. m.; Minneapolis, 4:55 p. m. Vestibuled Pullman palace sleeping cars, 
 Chicago to Portland, via both Wisconsin Central lines and Chicago, Mil- 
 waukee & St. Paul railway, Chicago to St. Paul; vestibuled Pullman palace 
 sleeping car, St. Paul to Portland; Pullman tourist sleeping car, Chicago to 
 Portland, via the Wisconsin Central; vestibuled dining car, St. Paul to Port- 
 land ;free colonist sleeping cars, St. Paul to Portland; Pullman touristsleeping 
 car, St. Paul to Portland; Pullman palace sleeping car, Seattleand Tacoma to 
 Portland; first and second-class coaches, St. Paul to Portland. The Pullman 
 palace sleeping cars, via Wisconsin Central lines, run through Helena; Chicago, 
 Milwaukee & St. Paul, through Butte. 
 
 "The Minnesota and Dakota Day Express" leaves Chicago at 5:00 p. m. 
 daily; St. Paul, 8:00 a. m., daiiy except Sunday; Minneapolis, 8:35 a. m., via 
 Staples. First and second-class day coaches, St. Paul and Minneapolis to 
 Staples, Glyndon, Moorhead, Fargo and Jamestown. 
 
 " The Minnesota and Dakota Night Express" leaves St. Paul, 8:00 p. m.; 
 Minneapolis, 8:35 p. m., daily; Pullman palace sleeping car, St. Paul to 
 Glyndon, Moorhead and Fargo; Pullman palace sleeping car, Duluth to 
 Glyndon, Moorhead and Fargo; Pullman palace sleeping car, St. Paul to 
 Fergus Falls, and Wahpeton; Pullman palace sleeping car, St. Paul to 
 Grand Forks, Grafton and Winnepeg. Dining car, Winnepeg Junction to 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 507 
 
 Winnipeg; first and second-class coaches, St. Paul to Fergus Falls, Wahpe- 
 ton, Grand Forks, Grafton, Winnipeg, GUndon, Moorhead, Fargo, Cas- 
 selton, Jamestown and intermediate points. 
 
 "The Dakota Express" leaves Duluth, 4:00 p. M., daily; Pullman palace 
 sleeping car, Duluth and West Superior to Fargo and Moorhead; first and 
 second-class day coaches, Duluth to Staples. This train connects with No. 7 
 at Staples. 
 
 "The Pacific Mail" leaves Duluth, 3:30 p. m., daily; first and second- 
 class day coaches, Duluth and West Superior to Brainerd and Staples. This 
 train connects at Staples with train No. 1 "Pacific Mail." 
 
 A train on the Wisconsin division leaves Ashland 8:30 a. m., daily; 
 arriving at Duluth, 11:35 a. m. Through Pullman palace sleeping cars and 
 first and second-class day coaches, Chicago to Duluth, via Wisconsin Central 
 lines, Chicago to Ashland. 
 
 Principal Officers. — The principal officers of the Northern Pacific 
 Railroad Company are: Henry Villard, chairman of the board, New York; 
 T. F. Oakes, president, New York; J. B. Williams, vice-president, New 
 York; C. H. Prescott, second vice-president, Tacoma, Wash.; George S. 
 Baxter, treasurer, New Yoik; G. H. Earl, secretary, New York ; N. C. 
 Thrall, assistant to president, St. Paul; W. S. Mellen, general manager, 
 St. Paul; J. M. Hannaford, general traffic manager, St. Paul; Newman 
 Kline, assistant to general manager, St. Paul; E. C. Kimberly, general 
 superintendent, St. Paul; Charles S. Fee, general passenger and ticket 
 agent, St. Paul; A. L. Craig, assistant general ticket agent, St. Paul; B. N. 
 Austin, assistant general passenger agent, St. Paul; S. L. Moore, general 
 freight agent, St. Paul. 
 
 Ticket Office. — The central ticket office of the Northern Pacific rail- 
 road is located at 210 Clark St., where tickets to all points covered by the 
 system, sleeping berths, and all necessary information regarding the arrival 
 and departure of trains, rates of fare, etc., may be obtained. Here, also, 
 printed matter, containing general information regarding the points covered 
 by the system, time tables, etc., may be had free on application. 
 
 Pennsylvania Lines. — All trains of the Pennsylvania Company, including 
 the "Pittsburg & Fort Wayne" and " Panhandle Route," arrive at and 
 depart from the Union depot, Canal and Adams sts., West Side. The 
 Pennsylvania Company covers all points in the Middle and Eastern States, 
 east of Chicago. The train service is very complete. On the Panhandle 
 route, train No. 18, leaving Chicago at 9:45 a. m, daily, carries passenger 
 coaches and a Pullman buffet parlor car from Chicago to Louisville. It con- 
 nects with the fast express trains of the Western and Northwestern .railways 
 that arrive at Chicago in the morning, and forms a link in the chain of the 
 through car service. This train also carries passenger coaches and a Pullman 
 buffet parlor car from Chicago to Cincinnati. Train No. 10, which leaves 
 Chicago at 8:20 p. m., carries passenger coaches and a Pullman sleeping car 
 from Chicago to Louisville; also a Pullman sleeping car from Chicago to 
 Indianapolis, in which passengers may remain until 7 a. m. This train also 
 carries passenger coaches and a Pullman sleeping car from Chicago to Cincin- 
 nati. Train No. 8 leaves Chicago daily at 3:15 p. m. for Pittsburg, Harris- 
 burg, Baltimore, Washington, Philadelphia and Kew York. Train No. 2 
 leaves at 5. p. m. for the same points. 
 
508 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Union Pacific System. — The title which this great transcontinental high- 
 way bears is not sufficient to convey an adequate idea of its real importance 
 to the visitor. It is not merely a railroad but an immense system of great rail- 
 roads which penetrate, develop and serve almost the entire section of the 
 United States lying west of the Missouri river. Originally a single track line 
 from Omaha, Neb., to Ogden, Utah, merely a feeder for the Central (now the 
 " Southern ") Pacific Railroad, with no outlet to the Pacific ocean, no feeders 
 of its own, and dependent almost entirely for its revenue upon through traf- 
 fic between Omaha and Ogden, it has grown to the mighty proportions of a 
 system with its own outlet to the Pacific Coast, its own feeders blanching out 
 in every direction and covering every point of importance in the mighty 
 West, and with more business on its hands constantly than with its wonder- 
 ful facilities and most complete equipment it can easily keep up with. The 
 Union Pacific may be numbered among the lines which Chicago claims as her 
 own, for, by a contract arrangement with the Chicago & North- Western 
 Railway, its Eastern terminus is now practically in this city. [See Chicago 
 & tforth- Western Railway.] Through trains, freight and passenger, both 
 ways, are now run daily by the Union Pacific System between Chicago and 
 its principal Western terminal points. 
 
 Condition of the Road — The number of miles of track operated by 
 the Union Pacific System is about 8,000. A great part of this track is laid with 
 the heaviest steel rails. The road-bed is maintained in the very highest con- 
 dition. There is no better stretch of track in the world than that between 
 Omaha and Ogden. Wooden have long since given place to iron and steel 
 bridges. Trains between Omaha and Cheyenne make from 60 to 70 miles 
 per hour with entire safety, and without the slightest inconvenience to the trav- 
 eler. The remarkable speed made by trains on the Union Pacific System 
 has attracted universal attention. Perbaps nothing that could be said would 
 speak more plainly or more highly for the condition of the Union Pacific 
 tracks and the care with which the system is managed than the fact that the 
 life of a single passenger, out of the millions carried, was not lost during the 
 year 1890. 
 
 Depot. — All trains over the Union Pacific arrive at and depart from the 
 Wells St. depot, Wells and Kinzie sts., North Side. [See Chicago & North- 
 Western Railway.] Here every arrangement is made for the convenience and 
 comfort of the company's patrons. Attendants see to the wants of women 
 and children. Depot agents give all required information and prevent mis- 
 takes by strangers in boarding trains, etc. 
 
 Equipment, Etc. — The equipment of the Union Pacific is per- 
 fect. Its machinery is all modern, the greater part of it is new and it is 
 maintained at the highest standard. The through trains of the Union Pacific 
 are not surpassed by those of any other road on the continent. Solid vesti- 
 buled day and night trains leave the various terminals of the system, east 
 and west, daily, on which every comfort and convenience may be enjoyed by 
 the traveler. Reference to the train service of the company will satisfy the 
 visitor as to the thoroughness with which all accommodations are provided. 
 
 General Offices. — The chief executive and accounting offices of the 
 Union Pacific Railroad Company are located in the Equitable building, Boston, 
 jyjuss. The general management of the road is conducted from the Union 
 Pacific Railroad Company's building, Omaha, Neb. 
 
 Passenger Department.— As the visitor will probably have to do 
 exclusively with the passenger department of the Uuion Pacific, it is sug- 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 509 
 
 gested that with reference to the engagement of special cars, special trains, 
 the accommodation of large parties, or the mapping out of special tours, he 
 communicates with Mr. E. L. Lomax, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, 
 Omaha, Neb. 
 
 Points Reached. — The Union Pacific railroad has practically four 
 terminals on the Missouri river: Council Bluffs, Iowa; Omaha, Neb.; 
 Leavenworth, Kansas, &nd Kansas City, Mo. Trains either run direct 
 from all these cities to all points West, Southwest and Northwest, covered 
 by the system, or make connection with through trains westward-bound from 
 Omaha and Kansas City. The system extends to and covers all points of 
 interest and importance in the States and Territories of Nebraska, Kansas, 
 Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, Montana, JNevada, California, Oregon and 
 Washington, and has direct connection with points in British Columbia and 
 the Republic of Mexico. The visitor will take the Union Pacific railroad, 
 via Omaha, for Elkhorn, Fremont, Schuyler, Columbus, Grand Island, North 
 Platte, Sidney and all intermediate points in Nebraska ; for Cheyenne and 
 Laramie an i all intermediate points in Wyoming; for Ogden and Salt Lake 
 City and all intermediate points in Utah ; via Granger for Soda Springs, 
 McCammon, Pocatello, Shoshone, Boise City, Idaho City and all intermediate 
 points in Idaho ; for Huntington, Pendleton, the Dalles of Columbia, Port- 
 land and all intermediate points in Oregon ; for Tacoma, Seattle and Port 
 Townsend (by rail and water) and all intermediate points in Washington, and 
 for Victoria and Vancouver, British Columbia, by the company's magnificent 
 line of Puget Sound steamers. Take this line, via Council Bluffs, Omaha 
 and Julesburg, for Greeley, La Salle, Denver, Colorado Springs, Pueblo and 
 Trinidad, and all intermediate points in Colorado ; for Folsonj Mount Dora, 
 Texline and all intermediate points in New Mexico; and for Washburn, 
 Wichita Falls, Henrietta, Fort Worth and all intermediate points in Texas. 
 Or the visiter will take the Union P<icinc. via Council Bluffs, Omaha, 
 and Ogden, and, via Southern Pacific railroad, for Sacramento and San 
 Francisco, and all intermediate points. For the latter points the visitor has 
 the choice of going north to Portland and the Puget Sound country, or south 
 to Los Angeles and San Diego, Coronado Beach and National City, either 
 direct or by way of all the beautiful summer and sea-side resorts on the Pacific 
 coast, including Santa Cruz, Monterey, San Miguel, Elwood, Santa Monica, 
 etc. The visitor may visit Portland, Tacoma, Seattle, Port Townsend and 
 Victoria first, and take the Southern Pacific from the first-named city for 
 San Francisco and Southern California, returning by way of Sacramento, 
 and, via Ogden, travel oyer the Rio Grande railroad to Denver, and thence 
 east, via Kansas City. Or the visitor may take the Union Pacific 
 train at Kansas City direct for Denver, and make connection at Chey- 
 enne or Ogdeo with trains on the main stem for the Northwest or South- 
 west. Or the visitor, desirous of seeing the greatest mining city on the 
 globe, and the richest city of its size in the world, will be taken from Poca- 
 tello north to Butte and Helena, Montana, and all intermediate points ; or. 
 Laving the main line for Portland, at Pendleion, the visitor will be taken to 
 Spokane, one of the most wonderful cities of the new Northwest. 
 Briefly stated, the visitor has a choice of routes almost without limit over 
 this system of railroads. 
 
 Principal Officers.— The principal officers of the Union Pacific Sys- 
 tem are: Sidney Dillon, president, Boston, Mass.; S. H. H. Clark, vice-presi- 
 dent and general manager, Omaha, Neb. ; Gardner M. Lane, second vice- 
 president, Boston, Mass. ; E. Dickinson, assistant general manager, Omaha, 
 
510 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Neb.; James G. Harris, treasurer, Boston, Mass.; Alexander Millar, secretary, 
 Boston, Mass. ; C. S. Mellen, general traffic manager, Omaha, Neb.;, J. A. 
 Monroe, general freight agent, Omaha, Neb.; J. H. McConnell, superintend- 
 ent of machinery and motive power, Omaha, Neb.; E. L. Lomax, general 
 passenger and ticket agent, Omaha, Neb. ; J. N. Brown, acting assistant gen- 
 eral passenger and'ticket agent, Omaha, Neb. 
 
 Scenery on the System. — The scenery along the several lines composing 
 the Union Pacific System is always interesting; at times it reaches the 
 point of indescribable grandeur and beauty. Echo Canon, Utah, on the 
 main stem, is incomparable. The scenery around Denver and Colorado 
 Springs is superb. Nothing can be more picturesque than the scenery along 
 the Columbia river. The tourist is more likely to be surfeited with magnifi- 
 cent scenery throughout his entire journey than he is to feel the want of it. 
 Mountain and valley, gorge and canon, highland and plain, all have their 
 own attractions for the traveler, and the sensations created in the breast of the 
 lover of nature, as he gazes from a valley rich in summer verdure upon 
 mountain peaks capped with perpetual snow, or from the mountain top, 
 rugged and barren, where the winter blasts send a chill through his frame, on 
 the delightful valleys which lie thousands of feet beneath him, can hardly 
 be expressed in words. 
 
 Ticket Obtice. — The central ticket office of the Union Pacific railroad 
 in Chicago is located at 191 Clark St., near the general Postoffice. Here the 
 visitor may purchase tickets to any point covered by the system or by its con- 
 nections, secure sleeping car berths, etc., and obtain all necessary informa- 
 tion regarding the arrival and departure of trains, rates of fare, etc. Here, 
 also, printed matter containing general and useful information to the tourist 
 and traveler, time tables, etc., may be had free on application. 
 
 Train Service. — The through train and sleeping car service westward 
 from Council Bluffs (Omaha) and Kansas City is as follows: " The Pacific 
 Express" leaves Council Bluffs, 6:10 p. m.; Omaha, 6:30 p. m., daily. Day 
 coaches without change to Ogden; Pullman palace sleeping car, Council 
 Bluffs to Cheyenne, connecting with similar cars for Ogden, Salt Lake City, 
 San Francisco and Los Angeles; Pullman colonist sleepers without change, 
 Council Bluffs to San Francisco and with but one change to Portland. "The 
 Overland Flyer" leaves Council Bluffs, 2:00 p. m., Omaha, 2:15 p. m., daily. 
 Through sleepers, Chicago to Denver, Portland and San Francisco, via 
 Council Bluffs, connecting at Green River with similar cars for But f e; 
 through sleepers, Council Bluffs to Salt Lake; Pullman dining cars, Chicago 
 to Portland via Council Bluffs; Pullman colonist sleepers, Chicago to Port- 
 land, via Council Bluffs. "The Denver Express" leaves Council Bluffs, 
 9:40' a. m. ; Omaha, 10:00 A. m., daily. Solid train runs through from 
 Chicago to Denver, via Council Bluffs, consisting of smoker, day coaches, 
 free reclining chair cars, palace sleeping cars, and through dining car service; 
 day coaches to Lincoln, Beatrice and intermediate points. " The Pacific 
 Express" leaves Kansas City, 10:45 A. m., daily. Day coaches, free reclining 
 chair cars, Pullman sleepers and Pullman dining cars, Chicago to Denver, 
 via Kansas City; Pullman palace buffet sleeping cars, without change, St. 
 Louis to Denver and Salt Lake City, via Kansas City; Pullman colonist 
 sleepers without change to Portland, and with but one change to San Fran- 
 cisco. " The Western Express" leaves Kansas City, 9:20 p. m., daily. Day 
 coaches without change to Denver; Pullman palace sleeping car without 
 change to Denver and Cheyenne. 
 
 Wabash Railroad Company .—The St. Louis and Chicago line of this 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 511 
 
 system, 286 miles in length, has grown in favor during recent years. It 
 passes through some of the prettiest and most prosperous towns of Illinois, 
 including Reddick, Forrest, Gibson, Mansfield, Decatur, Taylorville, Litch- 
 field and Edwardsville. It crosses the river at St. Louis over the magnificent 
 steel bridge constructed by James B. Eads. The Wabash line is well man- 
 aged, handsomely equipped, and has a large patronage between Chicago and 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Wisconsin Central Lines. — Although forming the connecting link between 
 the Northern Pacific railroad system and Chicago, and although operated by 
 the latter company as lessee, the Wisconsin Central lines, familiarly but 
 incorrectly regarded by the public as the Wisconsin Central railroad, must 
 be referred to separately. In April, 1890, a contract lease was made by and 
 between the Wisconsin Central Company, the Wisconsin Central Railroad 
 Company, and the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, whereby the latter 
 company obtained a lease of all the lines of railroad owned and controlled 
 by the Wisconsin Central lines between the cities of Chicago and St. Paul 
 aud Ashland, including the lines of railroad, real estate and terminal facili- 
 ties of the Chicago & Northern Pacific Railroad Company in the City of 
 Chicago, thus giving to the Northern Pacific Company a complete line from 
 St. Paul to Chicago, with ample terminal facilities in the latter city. This 
 combination of interests was deemed by the directors of the Northern Pacific 
 of the utmost importance, as giving access to the City of Chicago by a 
 line of its own ownership and possession, with unsurpassed terminal facili- 
 ties. While the terms of the lease relieves the Wisconsin Central from 
 operating details, it leaves the building of branches, feeders, and all exten- 
 sions of, and permanent improvements upon, the Wisconsin Central lines, to 
 be jointly agreed upon by the lessor and lessee, and to be actually constructed 
 by the Wisconsin Central companies. The development of the land grant 
 and management of the iron properties remain in the exclusive control of the 
 Wisconsin Central Railroad Company. The Wisconsin Central, from its 
 inception, has been peculiarly identified with Wisconsin, its growth and 
 progress. Almost nine-tenths of the mileage of the system is within the 
 borders of that State, and its principal offices are located at Milwaukee. 
 
 Grand Central Depot. — No visitor to Chicago can escape having 
 pointed out to him among the greatest attractions of the city, the magnificent 
 Grand Central Depot, located at the corner of Fifth avenue and Harrison 
 street. It is one of the best specimens of the highest type of modern archi- 
 tecture to be found in the world. Where this grand pile rises to-day the 
 Bridewell or City prison stood years ago. The site was long given up to 
 stone and coal yards; it was for years one of the most uninviting spots in 
 the city. The erection of the Grand Central Depot has made it one of 
 the most attractive, and gradually the old buildings, which still stand in the 
 vicinity, are giving place to structures which comport with the dignity and 
 grandeur of the great railroad station. It is more familiarly known as the 
 Wisconsin Central Depot than by any other name-, and for that reason a 
 description of it naturally comes here. [See Chicago and Northern Pacific 
 Company; also illustration of Grand Central Depot.] The depot covers 
 an area of three and six-tenths acres. The frontage on Harrison street is 226 
 feet, and on Fifth avenue, 680 feet. The foundation of the building consists 
 of piling, the length of the piles being thirty feet under the lighter parts, and 
 fifty feet under the main piers and the tower. The total length of piling driven 
 was nine and one-half miles. Each pile under the tower carries a load of 
 
512 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 twenty-four tons. On the top, of the piles are boxes of foot-square oak timbers 
 bedded and filled with concrete. Next follows a course of foot-square oak 
 timbers, four inches apart and filled in with concrete. An eighteen-inch con- 
 crete bed topped this, and on this bed the dimension stones are laid. The 
 tower is 236 feet high from the foundation, is twenty-seven feet square, and 
 weighs 6,000 tons. The first twenty-nine feet is built of Connecticut brown 
 stone. There are fifteen stories in the tower, nine of which are used for 
 offices, the upper four stories of these being reached by a special electrical 
 elevator. The Seth Thomas clock is the second largest~in the United States, 
 having a dial thirteen and a half feet in diameter. The hours are struck on a 
 5 ton bell by a hammer weighing 250 pounds. The pendulum weighs 700 
 pounds. This clock electrically controls all the clocks throughout the 
 depot. The flagstaff rises nearly sixty feet above the tower. 
 
 The main waiting room is an enormous apartment, seventy-one feet by 
 267, with a ceiling twenty-five feet high. The room projects twenty-seven 
 feet west of the office building above, the floors and walls of which are car- 
 ried on sixteen heavy steel columns twenty-four feet long and two and a half 
 feet in diameter. Two hundred and forty incandescent lamps light this noble 
 room. The floor is of Champlain, and the eight and a half foot wainscoting 
 is of Tennessee marble. At the south end of the waiting room is the ladies' 
 parlor, a handsomely furnished room, 32 feet by 40. An eight foot passageway 
 leads from the center of the south end to the baggage rooms, and over this 
 passage a double marble staircase leads up to the big dining room, 56x73 
 feet, on the mezzanine floor. 
 
 Passenger Department. — As the visitor will probably have to do with 
 the passenger department exclusively, it is suggested that with reference to 
 arrangements for special cars, special trains, the accommodation of large 
 parties, or the mapping out of special tours, he call upon or communicate 
 with James C. Pond; General Passenger and Ticket Agent, Chicago. 
 
 Points Reached. — In general the visitor will take the Wisconsin Central 
 for all points in the West and Northwest covered by the Northern Pacific rail- 
 road system and its connections. Take this Hue for Burlington, Waukesha, 
 Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, Neenah, Menasha, Stevens' Point, Chippewa Falls, Eau 
 Claire, St. Paul. Minneapolis, Ashland, Hurley, Ironwood, Bessemer and 
 Duluth. The Wisconsin Central traverses some of the best hunting and 
 fishing grounds in the West, and the tourist will find on this route many of 
 the leading and most popular health and summer resorts in the country. In 
 connection with the Northern Pacific, the Wisconsin Central has through car 
 arrangements of special interest to the traveler. Train No. 1, leaving Chi- 
 cago at 10:45 p. m. daily, has through Pullman vestibuled drawing-room 
 sleeper from Chicago to Portland, via Tacoma ; Pullman vestibuled sleeper, 
 Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis; Pullman sleeper, Milwaukee to Stevens' 
 Point ; through Pullmin tourist sleeper, Chicago to Portland, via Tacoma 
 and through first and second-class coaches, Chicago to St. Paul and Min- 
 neapolis; first and second-class coaches from Abbotsford to Ashland. 
 Dining car service on this train between Stevens' Point and Chippewa Falls. 
 Train No. 3, which leaves Chicago daily at 5 p. m.. has through Pullman 
 vestibuled sleeper from Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis; Pullman Ves- 
 tibuled sleeper, Cliicago to Duluth, and Milwaukee to St. Paul and Minnea- 
 polis, first and second-class coaches, Chicago to St. Paul and Minneapolis, 
 and first-class coach, Milwaukee to Duluth. Dining car service on this train 
 between Chicago and Waukesha. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 513 
 
 Train No. 5, which leaves Chicago at 3jP. m. daily, has parlor car and 
 first and second-class coaches between Chicago and Menasha, and first class 
 coach between Milwaukee and Menasha. 
 
 Train No. 7, which leaves Chicago daily except Sunday, has first and 
 second-class coaches between Chicago and Eau Claire, and first-class coach 
 between Milwaukee and Stevens' Point. 
 
 Principal Officers. — The principal officers of the Wisconsin Central 
 lines are : Henry Villard, chairman of the board, New York ; T. F. Oakes, 
 president, St. Paul, Minn.; N. C. Thrall, assistant to the president, St. Paul, 
 Minn.; James B. Williams, vice-president, New York ; C. H. Prescott, sec- 
 ond vice-president, Tacoma, Wash. ; David S. Wegg, general solicitor, Chi- 
 cago; George S. Baxter, treasurer, New York; Robert W. McGuire, local 
 treasurer, Milwaukee, Wis.; S. R. Ainslie, general manager, Chicago; 
 Gavin Campbell, general superintendent, Milwaukee; J. M. Hannaford, 
 general traffic manager, St. Paul ; Henry C. Barlow, traffic manager, Chi- 
 cago ; Jas. C. Pond, general passenger and ticket agent, Chicago ; J. B. Cava- 
 naugh, general freight agent, Chicago. 
 
 Ticket Office. — The central ticket office of the Wisconsin Central 
 lines is located at 205 Clark st., near the general postoffice. Here the visitor 
 may purchase tickets over the line to any local point, or over the system of 
 the Northern Pacific railroad, and to points on all connecting lines, secure 
 sleeping car berths and obtain all necessary information regarding the arrival 
 and departure of trains, rates of fare, etc. Here, also, printed matter contain 
 ing general information with reference to the points covered, time tables, 
 etc. , may be had free upon application. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 There are in the neighborhood of six thousand societies in Chicago. 
 This number comprises associations of every description, from benevolent to 
 secret organizations. There are, besides the American, or societies in which 
 the English language is spoken, several hundred foreign societies of various 
 characters, objects and types. The great number of societies here makes it 
 impossible for a work of this kind to describe them separately and the visitor 
 is referred to the city directory for the list in full, places of meeting, names 
 of officers, etc. The most prominent of the societies are, however, referred 
 to here : 
 
 Art Students' League. — A society compoesd of students of the Art 
 institute. 
 
 Back Lot Societies of Evanston. — Organized for the purpose of giving the 
 boys and girls of Evanston an opportunity of hearing from distinguished men 
 and women the discussion of questions of important current topics. The 
 organization of the Boys' Back Lot Society was fostered principally by Mr. 
 Volney W. Foster, who gave up for the use of the boys a building in the rear 
 of his residence at Evanston, from which fact the title " Back Lot " is taken. 
 Mr. Foster interested many other prominent people in the movement and 
 now the boys' society meets' in larger and better quarters. At the suggestion 
 of Mr. Foster also the Women's Club of Evanston in 1892 took up the matter 
 of organizing a girls' club or societj r on the same principal. The advisory 
 
514 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 committee, each of whom is to be responsible for three talks, was selected for the 
 first year, as follows : Mrs. Henry Wade Rogers, Mrs. H. B. Cragin, Mrs. M. 
 C. Bragdon, Miss Alice Blanchard, Mrs. Charles T. Bradley, Mrs. Birney J. 
 Moore, Mrs. T. P. Stamwood, Mrs. Frank M. Elliot, and Mrs. H. H. Kingsley. 
 
 Bar Association. — An organization of the members of the bar of the city of 
 Chicago, the object of which is the elevation of the profession, the sustain- 
 ing of a high code of ethics in practice, the preservation of the dignity and 
 integrity of the judiciary, and the agitation and promotion of needed reforms 
 in the laws and the procedure of the courts. The officers for 1892 are: Geo. 
 W. Cass, president; David B. Lyman, first vice-president; William J. Eng- 
 lish, second vice-president; Howard Henderson, secretary, and E. C. Fergu- 
 son, treasurer. F. A. Smith, Judge Elbert H. Gary, Robert H. McMurtrie, 
 H. W.Jackson, Frank A. Helmer, William A. Purcell, Henry W. Wolseley, 
 Edgar L. Jayne, Hugh L. Burnhara, members of the board of managers 
 James Frake, E, W. Adkinson, D. Harry Hammar, Chas. E. Pope, Robt. H. 
 McCurdy, Alfred D. Eddy, Nathaniel M. Jones, Henry Browne, Thos. G. 
 Windes, committee on admission. 
 
 Bohemian Congregation of Free Thinkers. — Meets Sundays at 2 p.m., at 74 
 W. Taylor St.; president and minister, F. B. Zdrnbek. 
 
 British American Association. — There are in Chicago the Illinois State 
 Council and ten branches of the British American Association of the United 
 States. Visiting members consult city directory for location of branches, 
 etc. President, Gen. M. M. Trumbull; vice-president, Gen. D. McMullan; 
 secretary, A. J. Hodge; assistant secretary, S.M. Ewert; treasurer, H. Cheatle. 
 
 Canadian American League. — 22, 134 Van Buren st. President, J. 
 Pearson; treasurer, W. Bannerman; secretary, F. C. Shaw. 
 
 Chicago Academy of Sciences. — Founded in 1857, incorporated in 1859. 
 One of the most flourishing of Chicago's societies previous to the great fire, in 
 which it lost a collection of priceless value. After the fire a new buildingforthe 
 society was erected, but the society was compelled to part with it, owing to 
 the heavy debts which it had to bear. Of late years the society has been 
 adding to its collection of birds, mammals, etc., etc., which has been on 
 exhibition in the Exposition building. The removal of that structure will 
 necessitate a change of location. Officers: Dr. E. Andrews, president; B. W. 
 Thomas and Prof. J. H. Long, vice-presidents; Dr. J. W. Velie, secretary; 
 Prof. W. K. Higley, librarian; and Prof. E. G. Howe, recorder. The trustees 
 are: E. E. Ayer, j". H. McVicker, C. M. Higginson, Joseph Frank, C. F. 
 Gunther, Dr. H. A. Johnson. 
 
 Uiicago Astronomical Society. — President, Elias Colbert; secretary, H. C. 
 Ranney ; treasurer, Murray Nelson; director, Professor G. W. Hough, 
 This society was organized in November, 1863. It owns the celebrated 
 "Dearborn University" telescope, the object lens of which was made by 
 Alvan Clark, and which is now in possession of the Northwestern Univer- 
 sity at Evanston. [See Northwestern University.] The instrument has 18^ 
 inches clear aperture and a focal length of 23 feet. 
 
 Chicago Democracy. — An organization of the Democratic party in Chicago 
 for campaign purposes. Officers: President, Frank Wenter; vice-presidents, 
 Frank Lawler, C. S. Thornton, and William J. Mangier; secretary, William 
 Fennimore Cooper; assistant secretary, H. L. Bailey; treasurer, Austin J. 
 Doyle; sergeant-at-arms, T. J. Curry. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 515 
 
 Chicago Historical Society. — Organized April 24, 1856. At the time 
 of the fire it was a flourishing institution, with a large library and a 
 valuable collection, occupying a building 42x90 feet at the northwest coiner 
 of Dearborn avenue and Ontario street. The entire collection, including 
 over 100,000 books, newspapers, manuscripts, etc., were lost in the great 
 fire. Several valuable paintings and the original draft of Lincoln's Emanci- 
 pation Proclamation also perished. The institution has partially recovered, 
 and now occupies a one-story brick building at 142 Dearborn avenue. The 
 late Albert D. Hager was for many years its secretary and librarian, and did 
 much toward rebuilding the institution. The present secretary is John 
 Moses, who receives visitors with courteous attention. The officers are : Presi- 
 dent, E. G. Mason; Vice-presidents, Geo. W. Smith, A. C. McClurg; Treas- 
 urer, Gilbert W. Shaw. 
 
 Chicago Law Club. — Composed of leading members of the Chicago bar, 
 who meet for social purposes and to discuss important questions relating to 
 the welfare of the profession, etc. 
 
 Chicago Law Institute. — Chartered by special act of the legislature, 
 February, 1857. The charter, as granted, was almost a counterpart of that 
 held by the New York Law Institute. It was organized as a stock company, 
 with shares at $100 each, subject to an annual assessment of $25. The first 
 officers of the institute were: JohnM. Wilson, president; Van H. Higgins, 
 vice-president, and Elliott Anthony, secretary. The library, in October, 1871, 
 contained about 7,000 volumes. It was located in the old Court House and 
 was lost in the great fire. The task of restoring it was immediately begun. 
 It is again located in the Court House and is one of the finest law libraries in 
 the United States. Among the presidents of the Law Institute have been: 
 Judge John M. Wilson, Judge Walter B. Scales, Judge George Manierre, 
 Hon. Van H. Higgins, Elliott Anthony, Judge W. K. McAllister, Hon. Wm. 
 H. King, Hon. James P. Root, John M. Rountree, John N. Jewett, Charles 
 W. Reed, George Payson, Lambert Tree, Sidney Smith, Julius Rosenthal, 
 Robert Hervey and George Gardner. Julius Rosenthal was for years the libra- 
 rian, and to him the institute is greatly indebted for the judicious care exer- 
 cised by himin the purchasing and procuring of books, and the members of 
 the institute, in order to show their appreciation of his services, at the 
 annual election in 1879, voted him an honorary member for life. Among 
 those who took a prominent part in the organization of the institute were: 
 Sanford B. Perry, George Manierre, James P. Root, William H. King; John 
 A. .Thompson and Ira Scott. The membership of the institute includes 
 nearly all of the reputable lawyers of the city. All lawyers have access to the 
 library at a nominal annual membership fee. In addition to building up and 
 sustaining a law library, the institute takes an active part in proposing amend- 
 ments to the laws and reforms in their execution. Officers: John Barton 
 Payne, president; Robert E. Jenkins, first, vice-president; Charles H. Aldrich, 
 second vice-president; W. H. Holden, treasurer; Julius Rosenthal, librarian; 
 Frederick W. Packard, secretary. Board of managers: John H. Hamliue, 
 J. K. Edsall, W. C. Niblack, Henry B. Freeman, Robert H. McMurdy, N. 
 M. Jones, E. W. Adkinson, W. M. Low, M. D. Ewell. Assessment of mem- 
 bers, $15 for 1891. 
 
 Chicago Orchestral Union.— Organized December, 1890, for the promo- 
 tion of music. Incorporators: C. N. Fay, N. K. Fairbank, A. C. Bartlett, 
 E. B. McCagg and C. D. Hamill. This is the corporation under whose 
 direction the Theodore Thomas Orchestra is employed. [See Thomas Or- 
 chestra.] 
 
510 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Chicago Philatelic Society — An association of stamp collectors and con- 
 nected with the National Philatelic Association. Gives an annual banquet 
 and holds frequent meetings. Officers: P. M. Walseiffer, president; W. Jan- 
 sen, vice-president; A. L. Pierce, treasurer; C. E. Levern, secretary; A. P. 
 Hosmer, vV. C. Hurzerg, Samuel Leland, governing board. 
 
 Chicago Society of Decorative Art. — 200 Michigan avenue. Officers: Mrs. 
 J. Y. IScammon, president ; Mrs. John N. Jewett, vice-president ; Mrs. Dad- 
 ley P. Wilkinson, treasurer ; Miss Emma C. Kellogg, secretary ; Mrs. T. 13. 
 Blackstone, Mrs. S. M. Nickerson, Mrs. Charles Henrotin directors; Mis. 
 John J. Glessner, chairman of membership committee. 
 
 Chicago Turngemeinde. Officers: Louis Nettelhorst, president; George 
 Schmidt, vice-president; Emil Bloch, corresponding secretary Charles Dur- 
 and, recording secretary; Edward Fielder, treasurer; Emil Homan, cashier; 
 Gustav Houser, book-keeper; H. Herzberg, librarian; A. G. Hambock, first 
 turnwart; Fred Hess,. second turnwart; A. La Thomas, first property clerk. 
 F. Emerick, second property clerk. 
 
 Columbian Association. — Principal object the improvement of the home 
 through the enlightenment of housekeeping as to scientific sanitation, relative 
 value of various foods, and the most hygienic and economical method yet dis- 
 covered of preparing them. There has been some concern lest woman should, 
 as their horizon widened, rush as a mighty, one-minded multitude out from 
 their homes and leave the hearthside deserted. The widespread and enthusi- 
 astic interest which has been awakened by the proposition of the founders of 
 this association to afford housekeepers reliable scientific information which 
 will enable them to conduct their households more successfully shows that 
 women first of all are anxious to improve their homes and that with all their 
 gettings they greatly desire to get the understanding which will enable them 
 to do so. 
 
 The association numbers about a hundred members and is really the 
 outgrowth of the committee on household economics of the world's congress 
 auxiliary, of which Mrs. John Wilkinson is chairman and Mrs. Thomas F. 
 Gane vice-chairman. The members of the committee on household economics 
 are elected by the general committee of the world's congress auxiliary and its 
 meetings are open only to its members. The meetings of the Columbian 
 Housekeepers' Association are open to any one interested in their work. 
 
 The organization is divided into seven committees. Thereis acommittee 
 on sanitary condition of houses, correct plumbing, ventilation, light, heat, 
 etc. 
 
 The second committee is on intelligence offices and various institutions, of 
 which Mrs J. M. Hill is chairman, and which is devoted to keeping a correct 
 directory of all institutions, together with a short, statement of their objects, 
 and also of all intelligence offices, with a statement of the help they can sup- 
 ply. It is the duty of this committee to secure if possible the co-operation of 
 the various intelligence offices. 
 
 The third committee, of which Mrs. E. A. Matthiessen is chairman, has 
 charge of collating and arranging information in regard to the work of cook 
 ing and industrial schools, co-operative laundries and bakeries, training 
 schools for nurses and servants, kitchen gardens and kindergartens and 
 mothers' and nurse-girls' classes, and keeps the association informed in 
 regard to their work. 
 
 The fourth committee is on food supply, with Mrs. Anna H. White as 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 517 
 
 chairman. Their work is to prepare for publication each week a list of foods 
 — which will make it possible to compare Chicago markets with others — and 
 also to furnish lists of seasonable articles of food, menu which will be timely 
 and suggestive, and other interesting matter relating to household economics. 
 
 The fifth committee is devoted to the dissemination of information in 
 regard to the work of the association. 
 
 The sixth committee, of which Mrs. Elizabeth Boynton Harbert is chair- 
 man, is devoted to household economics in village communities. Its work is 
 to formulate plans to simplify housework in village communities; to suggest 
 plans for co-operation in laundries and other work which can he done on this 
 plaa ; to discuss plans for profitable market gardening, the production on a 
 small scale of eggs and poultry, and to furnish information on all topics 
 connected with housework. These committees are all well organized and 
 doing systematic and effective work. 
 
 The officers of the association have opened correspondence with persons 
 who have distinguished themselves in different departments of household 
 economics, and are in this way profiting by the experience of those who have 
 given their entire attention to the subject. 
 
 The model house, which will probably be built on the World's Fair 
 grounds in the vicinity of the Woman's Building, was suggested by Lucy M. 
 Salmon, of Vassar College. Her idea is to erect a house that shall cost not 
 more than $5,000, as that would come within the means of probably the 
 largest number of persons. The aim would be to furnish an object lesson in 
 the very best scientific draining, plumbing, lighting, heating, ventilation, and, 
 indeed, everything that secures perfect sanitary condiiions. It will also 
 illustrate all labor-saving devices and whatever has been accomplished for the 
 household by science rather than art. It is further proposed that lunches, pre- 
 pared on scientific principles, be served in this house and that the printed bill 
 of fare shall set forth the simple physiological value of each article served, 
 the exact cost of the material used in its preparation, as well as the fuel 
 needed in cooking it. The suggestion is made by Miss Salmon that experts 
 be requested to experiment on a bill of fare for the lunches in this house at 
 once, with the aim in view of obtaining the greatest amount of nourishment 
 from a given amount of food material at the least expenditure of fuel, time 
 and strength. 
 
 Cymrodorian Society. — Called after the famous London Society of that 
 name. Composed of Welsh residents. Organized Oct. 23, 1890. Has no 
 stated place of meeting. Officers: Samuel Job, President; W. E. Powell and 
 D. I. Davies, Vice presidents; Professor W. Apmadoc, Secretary; E. G. 
 Lloyd, Recording Secretary; Evan Lloyd, Treasurer. The object of the society 
 is to study Welsh literature and to encourage Keltic fellowship and scholar- 
 ship. 
 
 Dania Society. — 345 Milwaukee avenue. Regular meetings, first Sat- 
 urdays and third Thursdays. President, H. Okenholdt; Vice-presidents, C. 
 Mikkelsen, C. C. Hansen; Recording Secretary, J. Hansen. 
 
 Deuischer Kricger Verein. — Meets first and third Sundays, at 2 p. m., 
 45 North Clark street. President, F. Lindermann; treasurer, F. Zirzow; sec- 
 retary, C. Kessler. 
 
 Garibaldi Legion. — Meets first Fridays, 169 Washington street. Presi- 
 dent, R. Puccini; treasurer, L. Arata; secretary, J. Ginochio, room 18, 
 95 Dearborn street. 
 
518 GUIDE TO CHICAGO 
 
 German Mutual Benefit Association. — 24, 206 La Salle street. President, 
 M. G. Good; secretary, S. Wuest; treasurer, F. C. L. Muehike. 
 
 German Society of Chicago. — The German Society of Chicago (Deutsche 
 Gesellschaft von Cnicago,Ill.) was established in the month of May, 1854, under 
 the name of Society for the Protection and Aid of German Immigrants 
 (Huelfs-Verein fuer Deutsche Einwandeier), and owed its origin to the fact 
 that both the vast increase and the growing importance of German immigration 
 to this country called for some means of protection to those immigrants who 
 were ignorant of our language and the peculiar conditions of this country, 
 and who, on that account, might easily be taken advantage of by the dishonest 
 and unscrupulous in our community. Its first president was George Bormann, 
 and its secretary, George Hillgaertner, who was then and afterwards so 
 favorably known as being among the editorial representatives of the German 
 press of this country, one of the most earnest advocates of republican institu- 
 tions. The society numbered 250 members during the first year of its exist- 
 ence, and was soon recognized by all the leading German citizens of Chicago 
 as one of the most efficient benevolent institutions in the West. The annual 
 reports of the society, always replete with interesting facts and just observa- 
 tions bearing upon the subject of immigration and general relief work, have 
 been the means whereby the society has become known, not only in this 
 country, but also in Germany, as one of the leading institutions of its kind. 
 The society meets at 49 La Salle street. Officers: President, Max Eberhardt; 
 vice-president, Dr. Theo. J. Bluthardt; secretary, Adolph Sturm; treasurer, 
 C. L. Neihoff. 
 
 Girls' Friendly Society. — The Girls' Friendly Society has branches in 
 every part of the city, and though it is non-sectarian its patronesses belong 
 without exception to the Episcopalian Church. Thus there are in connection 
 with every Episcopal Church in Chicago branch societies having reading 
 rooms and rooms for mutual entertainment where working girls may meet 
 several evenings in each week for mental and social recreation. At each of 
 the following churches there are branches of this kind : The Gathedral, St. 
 James, St. Clement's, Trinity, St. Mark's, St. Stephen's, Grace Episcopal 
 Church, St. Thomas' Church of the Epiphany, Church of the Transfiguration, 
 and Church of St. Philip, the Evangelist, at Brighton Park. The principal 
 branch, however, which embraces more than three hundred girls, is that con- 
 ducted by energetic women philanthropists on the North Side in connection 
 with St. James' Episcopal Church. 
 
 Horticultural Society. — Incorporated in 1890. Officers: President, 
 George Schneider; first vice-president, William H. Chadwick; second vice- 
 president, F. C. Vierling; third vice-president, E. G. Uihlein; treasurer, A. L. 
 Chetlain ; secretary, J. D. Raynolds; assistant secretary, G. L. Grant. This 
 society was organized for the purpose of giving exhibitions annually and 
 encouraging horticulture in the vicinity of Chicago. 
 
 Illinois Humane Society: — Chartered as Illinois Society for prevention 
 of cruelty to animals by the Legislature of the State of Illinois, March 25, 
 1869. Prevention of cruelty to children was joined to its work and the name 
 changed to Illinois Humane Society, July 5, 1877. This important and use- 
 ful society is supported by voluntary contributions. Officers: John G. 
 Shortall, president; George Schneider, treasurer. Office, Auditorium build- 
 ing, room 43, telephone No. 65. Directors and dates of election: George E. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 51f» 
 
 Adams, 1876; J. McGregor Adams, 1889; Philip D. Armour, 1880; Mrs. F. H. 
 Beckwith, 1880; Alson E. Clark, 1891; Belden F. Culver, 1869; John T. Dale, 
 1891; John C. Dore, 1869; Marshall Field, 1879; Henry L. Frank, 1880; John 
 J. Glessner, 1884; Henry N. Hart, 1879; T. W. Harvey, 1880; Mrs. Wm. G. 
 Hibbard, 1880; Thomas E. Hill, 1882; Albert W. Landon, 1869; Franklin 
 MacVeagh, 1888; Wm. Perm Nixon, 1886; Ferd W. Peck, 1876; Mrs. Ferd 
 W. Peck, 1878; George Schneider, 1883; John B. Sherman, 1869; John G. 
 Shortall, 1869; Henry H. Shufeldt, 1882; Otho S. A. Sprague, 1891; Joseph 
 Stockton, 1877; William H. Swift, 1891; David Swing, 1880; Mrs. Elia M. 
 Walker, 1876; Moses D. Wells, 1882. 
 
 Legislature of 1885 authorized the payment of all fines paid in money 
 imposed through its agency, into its treasury. The total receipts for the 
 year ending April 30, 1^91, with balance from preceding year were $9,199.51 
 and the expenses $7,301.41. The society is called on continually for a mul- 
 titude of service outside its legitimate sphere, and is active in giving aid, 
 either material or advisory, to all applicants. To illustrate in part the work 
 of the socity, the following statistics show the summary for the year ending 
 April 30, 1891: 
 
 Complaints and cases investigated, 3,787; children rescued and condition 
 remedied, 1,315, Children placed in charitable institutions, 567; persons and 
 teamsters reprimanded, 1,262; Horses laid up from work, as unfit for service, 
 167; disabled animals removed by ambulance, 133; incuiable and abandoned 
 animals shot, 500; persons prosecuted for cruelty to animals, 130; persons 
 prosecuted for cruelty to children, 44; amount of fines imposed, $3,375.60. 
 
 In addition to this summary should be added that portion of work of the 
 society through William Mitchell, state officer, at the stock yards, not included 
 in the above, viz. : 
 
 Attention to and amelioration of condition, through watering, feeding, 
 etc., of over 16,000 animals. 
 
 The society has erected in the neighborhood of thirty street fountains 
 through the streets of the city for the supply of drinking water to persons 
 and animals. 
 
 Complaints are received and examined, whether forwarded anonymously 
 or not, but it requests always that the name of the complainant should be sent 
 to it, for obvious reasons, and the name is never divulged if requested to be 
 kept secret. 
 
 Contributions to this society's work may be sent to the president or treas- 
 urer or to any member of the board of directors. 
 
 Illinois Society, Sons of the American Revolution. — Composed of descend- 
 ants of the soldiers of the Revolutionary War, and of other participants in 
 that struggle. Officers— President, Henry M. Shepard; first vice-president, 
 Willard T. Block; second vice-president, Fernando Jones; secretary, John D. 
 Vandercook; treasurer, David W. Clark; registrar, E. A. Filkins; historian, 
 John T. Long; chaplain, Charles Edward Cheney; board of managers, Fred- 
 erick R. Southmayd, Richard Rohns, John C. Long, James Hyde, Chicago; 
 Charles L. Alley, Rockford; James Montgomery, Peoria; Henry S. Boutelle, 
 Chicago; Richard Dewey, Kankakee; John C. Polly, Horace G. Bird, Chi- 
 cago; J. W. Vance, Springfield; Amory Bigelow, Hobart C. Taylor, Luther 
 M. Shreve, Chicago. Delegate-at-large, Willis G. Jackson; delegates, Ed. A. 
 Hill and F. C. Hale. 
 
 Illinois State Board of Agriculture.— President, La Fayette F. Shirley; 
 
520 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 secretary, W. C. Garrad, Springfield; vice-president (first district), J. I. 
 Pearce, Sherman House, Chicago; treasurer, J. W. Bunn, Springfield. 
 
 Irish Catholic Colonization Association. — Meets first Wednesday in May, 
 and quarterly thereafter, at Grand Pacific; President, Rt. Rev. J. S. Spalding, 
 Peoria; secretary and treasurer, N. J. Onahan, Chicago. 
 
 Irish National Burial Association. — A benevolent society. Officers: 
 President, S. C. Buckley; vice-president, Daniel O'Connor; secretary, John 
 Markey; treasurer, Dennis O'Connor; trustees, M. Fitzgerald, M. J. Kelly, 
 M. Mulcahy, John Dowling, J. J. O'Connell. 
 
 Luxenburg Unterstuetzungs Verein. — Meets second Sundays at 376 W. 
 Twelfth street. 
 
 Medical Societies. — Chicago Academy op Homeopathic Physicians and 
 Surgeons — Meetings first Thursday eveniug of every month at Grand 
 Pacific Hotel; Chicago Dental Society — Meets first Tuesdays at 45 Ran- 
 dolph street; Chicago Eclectic Medical Society — Meets third Wednesday 
 in each month at Grand Pacific Hotel; Chicago Gynecological Society — 
 Meets at Grand Pacific Hotel third Friday evening of each month; Chicago 
 Medical Press Association — Meets at 7 and 9 Jackson ; Chicago Medical 
 Society — Meets on the first and third Monday of each month at Grand 
 Pacific Hotel; Chicago Pathological Society — Meets second Monday of 
 each month at Warren and Ashland aves.; Clinical Society op the Hahne- 
 mann's Hospital — Meets at the Grand Pacific Hotel first Saturdays; Illinois 
 State Board op Dental Examiners — 12, 103 State; Illinois State Board 
 op Health — Meets quarterly at Chicago and Springfield; Illinois State 
 Board of Pharmacy (For the examination and registration of druggists); 
 Illinois State Dental Society — Next annual meeting second Tuesday in 
 May, 1892, at Bloomington; Illinois State Eclectic Medical Society; 
 Illinois State Medical Society — Next meeting second Tuesday in May, 
 1892; Post-Graduate Policlinic op Eclectic Medicine and Surgery — 
 Ada, nw. cor. Fulton; Women's Homeopathic Medical Society — Meets 
 second Mondays at 8 p. m., Sherman House; Women's Physiological Insti- 
 tute — Meets first and third Mondays (October to April, inclusive) at 3 p. m., 
 at Michigan ave. , sw. cor. Van Buren. 
 
 Moral Educational Society. — A society for the advancement of moral edu- 
 cation. Officers: President, Hennillo K. Morris, M. D.; vice-president, Mrs. 
 Hattie Davis; secretary and treasurer, Laura L. Randolph, M. D.; executive 
 committee, Mrs. A. J. Darling and Mrs. H. C. Garner. 
 
 Naval Veteran's Association. — Officers: Captain, D. B. Hubbard; com- 
 mander, John C. Richberg; lieut. commander, W. L. Orr; lieutenant, J. L. 
 Gooding; chaplain, W. L. Baldwin; surgeon, S. J. Jones, M. D.; paymaster, 
 R. N. Hopkins; srecetary, Jhon J .R yanjquartermaster. Jas. F. Egan. 
 
 Northwestern Association of Horse Breeders — Officers: President, John L. 
 Mitchell, Milwaukee; vice-presidents, Jackson I. Case, Wisconsin; S. A. 
 Browne, Michigan; W. P. Ijams, Indiana; A. W. Dennison, Kansas; J. D. 
 Creighton, Nebraska; George Sherwood, Minnesota; Judge Walter I. Hayes, 
 Iowa; Ed Martin, Missouri; W. A. Sanborn, Illinois; W. H. Raymond, 
 Montana; Bradford Dubois, Colorado: C. F. Emery, Ohio; A. C. Beckwith, 
 Wyoming. Treasurer, H. D. McKinney, Janesville, Wis.; secretary, Robert 
 Allen, Joliet, 111. 
 
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 
 THE MILWAUKEE AVENUE STATE BANK. 
 
 TSee " Banks, State and Private."] 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 521 
 
 Northwestern Traveling Men's Associasion. — The largest organization of 
 commercial travelers in the world. Officers: President, Geotge J. Reed, 
 Chicago; vice-presidents — Illinois, Samuel Baker; Iowa, Frederick Field; 
 Minnesota, Cyrus Beall; Wisconsin, J. W. Ellsworth; Indiana, W. S. McMil- 
 lan; Missouri, W. H. Cleland; Michigan, P. H. Carroll; Kentucky, Nathan 
 Uri; Kansas, D. E. Good; New York, S. F. Paul; Colorado, W. W. Palmer; 
 Nebraska, James McCord; North Dakota, W. S. Stockdale; South Dakota, 
 J. W. Sheldon; California, James Balfour; Montana, J. C. Maslin; Oregon, 
 S. J. Freedman; Washington, W. W. Powell; Utah, George T. Odell; New 
 Jersey, E. C. Woodward; Texas, A. D. Bradshaw; Ohio, Eric Schulen. Sec- 
 retary and treasurer, C. H. Hinman, Chicago; Directors for two years, F. 
 C. Etheridge, T. J. Garrigan, W. H. Cribben, Conrad Witkowsky,' Edward 
 Doyle. 
 
 Ogontz Association. — Founded by the Chicago Alumnae of the Ogontz 
 School in 1891, who conceived the idea, in the name of their alma mater, of a 
 lunch room for self-supporting women. The following plan was adopted : 
 each active member subscribed $10 in annual dues, and each associate member 
 subscribed $15, while many added their gifts of furniture, table furnishings 
 and books. In addition friends and well-wishers added greatly to their con- 
 tributions by placing their names upon the guarantee fund. In February. 
 1891, all arrangements were finally completed. Two sunny rooms were 
 selected on the thirteenth floor of the new Pontiac building, which stands in 
 the midst of the printing district, on the corner of Dearborn and Harrison 
 streets. One room was tastefully fitted for a reading and reception room, and 
 provided with an exc3llent assortment of books, magazines and games; also 
 tables, comfortable chairs and a piano. Over this room three or more mem- 
 bers of the Ogontz Association preside daily; one to attend to the books, 
 which may be taken from the library if returned within two weeks, and one to 
 act as' cashier. Others play, sing, or assist in making the lunch hour pleas- 
 ant, and become acquainted with the members of the Lunch Club. 
 
 A monthly payment of 10 cents entitles any wage-earning girl or woman 
 to full membership, and enables her to obtain a wholesome lunch at small 
 expense. Tea, coffee or milk is sold for 2 cents, home-made sandwiches or 
 rolls or cake for 5 cents. During the summer ice cream and iced tea are 
 served, and through the winter hot bouillon is furnished. 
 
 The light and pleasant lunch-room, which opens from the reading room, 
 is well supplied with neat tables and chairs, muslin curtains and a cupboard 
 for china. At one end stands the lunch-counter, behind which gleam tea and 
 coffee urns. Here each member receives from the matron, assisted by one of 
 the members of the Ogontz Association, her order, accompanied by a check, 
 and is at liberty to seat herself at any table. Many prefer to bring their own 
 luncheon, and desire only a cup of tea or coffee. 
 
 From 12 to 2 o'clock daily, excepting Sunday, the rooms are filled, the 
 membership having reached 200, with an average attendance of 100. Officers: 
 Miss Bonnie Withrow, president; Mrs. Louis Lafiin, first vice-president; Miss 
 Belle Hughitt, second vice-president; Miss Maud Towle, recording secretary; 
 Miss Katharine Porter, corresponding secretary; Miss Mabel M. Pope, treas- 
 urer. 
 
 Personal Rights League. — Executive Committee : Matt Benner, James A. 
 Brucker, F. V. Buschick, W. H. Dyrenforth, A. J. Doyle, Jacob Heissler, 
 Francis A. Hoffmann, Jr., Dr. T. N. Jamieson, Dr. G. T. Lydston, Jacob 
 
522 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Mauz, Theodore Oehne, Col. Francis W. Parker, C. Herman Plautz, F. H. 
 Rohde, Graeme Stewart, Frank A. Stauber, Henry Steinbeck, John G. Schaar, 
 James Sullivan, George A. Weiss, Charles H. W acker. 
 
 Philosophical Society of Chicago. — Organized shortly after the great fire. 
 Rev. Dr H. W. Thomas, then pastor of the First M. E. Church, being one of 
 its most active promoters. Dr. Thomas drew into council with himself a 
 few of like spirit, and a preliminary meeting was held September 8, 1873, at 
 which a committee on organization was appointed, consisting of Messrs. Dr. 
 H. W. Thomas, A. B. Keith, Dr. T. A. Bland, E. F. Abbott and T. B. Tay- 
 lor. The next meeting was held September 16th, and the final organization 
 was effected October 11th, in the rooms of the First M. E. church; and there 
 the society held its meetings for awhile. The course of lectures was begun, 
 even before the constitution was adopted, with a lecture by Col. A. N. 
 Waterman, September 23d, on the influence of Modern Philanthrophy upon 
 Law. At the same time, the plan was adopted of criticising each lecture, 
 members of the society offering comments in brief speeches. From the first 
 the society insisted upon perfect freedom of utterance in its lectures and 
 discussions. Its constitution was the simplest possible form of organization, 
 the preamble to which was as follows: "Being profoundly impressed with 
 the unity of Truth in its origin, and of its infinite value to man, and being 
 equally impressed with the blinding effects upon the human mind of igno- 
 rance, prejudice and superstition, it has seemed desirable to us (believing 
 the time for such a movement has arrived) to seek the organization of a 
 society, whose sole motto shall be ' What is truth ?' whose members, regard- 
 less of past association preconceived opinions or expressed convictions, shall, 
 in a spirit of simplicity and candor, associate for the investigation of questions 
 that are peculiar to our time, pertaining to human welfare." The member- 
 ship of the society has varied between 100 and 400. Among its presidents 
 have been Rev. Joseph Haven, D. D., Dr. H. W. Thomas, Judge Henry 
 Broth, Gen. N. B. Buford, Dr. Samuel Willard, Dr. Edmund Andrews, 
 Prof. Rodney Welch. 
 
 Piatt Deulsch Verein meets Thursdays at Uhlich's Hall. President, 
 C. Jansen; treasurer, A. Boenert; financial sccretaiy, Geo. B. Tiarks; record 
 iug secretary, H. Richter. 
 
 Reform Societies. — Citizens' Association op Chicago, 94 La Salle st. 
 President, J. J. Glessner; vice-president, J. H. Bradley; secretary, J. C. 
 Ambler. Citizens' League op Chicago, Room 31-32, 116 La Salle st. An 
 association of citizens of Chicago, acting under a special charter, for the 
 purpose of enforcing the laws prohibiting the sale of liquor lo minors and 
 drunkards. Officers: President, Israel N. Rumsey; first vice-president, 
 C. M. Howe; 50 honorary vice-presidents; fifteen members of executive com- 
 mittee. E. D. Redington, recording secretary; A. L. Coe, treasurer; H J. 
 Hayward, general agent; C. M. Albenson, assistant general agent; C. C. 
 Bonney, general counsel; Gen. I. N. Stiles and Thomas Dent, special counsel. 
 During the year 1891 737 cases against saloon-keepers were prosecuted. 
 Charges were preferred against 1,306 persons. Of these 485 were for selling 
 liquor to minors, and 735 for selling liquor to drunkards and 83 for keeping 
 disreputable houses. Five hundred and ninety-four were fined in the justice 
 courts and ninety-three held to the criminal court. The city received 
 $11,566.10 through fines. The expenses of the league for the last year have 
 been |7,331.69. Civil Service Reform League, 107 Dearborn st. Presi- 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 523 
 
 dent, J. H. Norton; secretary, F. H. Scott. Illinois Tariff Reform 
 League, 116-118 Dearborn st. President, Franklin M&cVeagh; secretary, C. 
 B. Pf abler. International Law and Order League, 114 La Salle st. 
 President, C. C. Bonney. Revenue Reform League of Cook County., 
 92 La Salle st. President, J. S. Lombard; treasurer, W. A. "Bond; secretary, 
 J. C. Ambler. Western Society for the Suppression of Vice, 10 Arcade 
 Court. President, H. D. Penfield; secretary, W. W. Van Arsdale 
 
 Ridgeway Ornithological Club. — 131 Wabash ave. Officers: President, G. 
 F. Morcom; secretary and treasurer, Henry K. Coale. 
 
 Secret Societies. — Every secret order is represented in Cbicago, nearly all 
 of tbe societies baing in a flourishing condition. Visiting members of secret 
 societies will consult tbe city directory for location of lodges, names of 
 officers, etc. 
 
 Singing Societies. — There are a number of large singing societies, 
 ' ' Ssenger Bunds," etc., in tbe city. Visitors will consult tbe city directory for 
 location of meeting places, names of officers, etc. 
 
 Societa Christoforo Colombo. — Meets 4tb Sundays, 2 p. m., at 82 W. Madi- 
 son st.; president, G. B. Giannini; vice-president, B. Basso; secretary, T. 
 Dani; treasurer, C. Ginoccbio. 
 
 Societa Francaise Be Secours Mutual. — Meets 1st Fridays, 25 Blue Island 
 ave. President, Eugene La Pointe; secretary, Joseph Bourgean; treasurer, 
 J. Cbalifoux. 
 
 Societa Italiana Unione e Fratellanza. — Meets 1st Sundays, 112 Ran- 
 dolph st. President, A. Arata, 664 W. Harrison st. ; secretary, G. Segale. 
 
 Society for Ethical CutlureAo Randolph St., 2d floor ; lectures every Sun- 
 day, 11 a. m., at Grand Opera House. 
 
 Soldiers' Rome Association. — Officers: President, Mrs. Margaret Vierling; 
 first vice-president, Mrs. S. J. Wardner; second vice-president, Maria Cluet; 
 recording secretary, Mrs. Mary Haynes; corresponding secretary, Mrs. M. M. 
 Kyle; treasurer, Mrs. Carrie Tebbetts; directors: Mrs. Margaret Vierling, 
 Mrs Juliette Sine, Mrs. Mary Thiell, Mrs. Maria Cluet, Mrs. Ellen Bridges, 
 Mrs. D. A. Leaverton, Mrs. Sophia A. Lincott, Mrs. Mary Bourman, Mrs. 
 Canie Tebbetts, Mrs. Elizabeth Aubrey, Mrs. Mary Strang, Mrs. S. J. Ward- 
 ner, Mrs. Lorraine Pitkin, Mrs. Mary Haynes, and Miss Jennie Bross. 
 
 South End Flower Mission. — Is not a denominational society. Meets each 
 Tuesday at 9 a. m. in the parlors of Memorial Baptist Church, Oakwood 
 boulevard, and carries flowers to every hospital and charitable institution 
 south of Twenty-second street. Tbe report for the last year shows that 
 16,437 bunches of flowers and 1,293 books and other reading matter were 
 distributed. Officers. President, Mrs. C. W. Beeman; vice-presidents, Mrs. 
 A. Tuttle and Mrs Alvab Perry; treasurer, Mrs. William A. Comstock; sec- 
 retary, Mrs. H. S. Tiffany, No. 3742 Ellis avenue. 
 
 St. Andrew's Society. — Organized under the name of the Illinois St. An- 
 drews' Society, January 26, 1846. A constitution and the code of by-laws were 
 adopted in 1850, and revised and amended in 1858, and again in 1872, after 
 the great fire of October, 1871. The society was incorporated by special act 
 of the legislature of Illinois in February, 1853. Since the first organization 
 in 1846, the society has never failed to hold its regular anniversary meeting 
 
524 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 on St. Andrew's day. From a weakly chihi the society has grown into a 
 strong and stalwart man. Members in large numbers have flocked to its 
 standard, and its position has now become so well assured and permanent 
 that no worthy applicant for its bounty is ever turned away with empty 
 hands. But not alone on, the living are its benefits conferred. In the ceme- 
 tery at Rose Hill, the society since "1858 has owned a burial place, where the 
 friendless and destitute Scotchman dying in a foreign land amongst strangers 
 is tenderly cared for, and his ashes repose in peace in the grounds and under 
 the shadow of the monument of this most excellent charity, with a stone 
 marked to indicate the spot where he sleeps. The means of the society are 
 derived from the annual subscriptions of the members ($3.00), the fees on 
 initiation ($2.00) and the profits derived from the anniversary dinners on St. 
 Andrews day, and the annual balls given by the society for the benefit of the 
 ladies, as they are not admitted to the annual dinners. Meets first Thursday 
 in February, May, August and November at Sherman House. President, A. 
 C. Cameron; treasurer, Duncan Cameron; secretary, Jas. Duncan. 
 
 St. Vincent De Paul Societies. — There is a St. Vincent De Paul society in 
 every Catholic parish in the city. Visitors will consult the city directory 
 for location, names of officers, etc. 
 
 State Microscopical Society. — Meets second Friday (except June to Sep- 
 tember inclusive) at 184 Wabash ave. President, Plymmon S. Hayes, M. D. ; 
 secretary, Howard N. Lyon, M. D.; treasurer, W. H. Summers. 
 
 State Council Catholic Benevolent Legion. — The Legion has three thousand 
 members in Illinois and is in a prosperous condition. The State Council 
 numbers forty members. Officers: President, M. J. Keane ; vice-president, 
 William Rogan ; orator, E. J. Walsh ; secretary, J. J. O'Donnell ; treas- 
 urer, A Schneider; marshal, James M. Doyle; guard, Myles O'Kelly. 
 
 Temperance Societies. — There are lodges of the Good Templar and Sons of 
 Temperance orders scattered throughout the city. Visiting members will 
 consult the city directory for location, names of officers, etc. 
 
 Turners' Societies. — There are a number of Turners' societies in the city, 
 all of which are in a flourishing condition. A new North Side Turner Hall 
 is shortly to be erected. A new hall for the National Turnverein is to be 
 erected at the corner of Laflin and Eleventh sts. Visiting Turners will con- 
 sult the city directory for location of Turner halls, names of officers, etc. 
 
 Typothetm, The. — A society of master printers. Officers: Charles E. 
 Leonard, president; P. F. Pettibone and Fred Barnard, vice-presidents; 
 Thomas Knapp, secretary; Franz Gindele, treasurer; executive committee, C. 
 H. Blakely, chairman, A. McNally, R. R. Donnelley, William Johnson and 
 W. P. Dunn. 
 
 Union Veteran League. — Officers : Jacob Gross, president ; W. A. 
 Hutchins, first vice-president ; W. T. Ball, second vice-president ; William 
 H. King, treasurer ; E. J. Burkert, recording secretary ; Samuel Kerr, cor- 
 
 Unione e Fratellanza. — An Italian society, and the oldest in Chicago. Its 
 officers are: Angelo Arata, president; Luigi Pinocci, vice-president; Angelo 
 Bacigalupo, treasurer; Giuseppe Segale, Giovanni B, Giannini, financial and 
 recording secretaries. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 525 
 
 responding secretary; Rt. Rev. Samuel Fallows, chaplain; Charles F. Small, 
 commissary ; Joseph Harvey, marshal ; Thomas A. Parker, quartermaster ; 
 G. Frank White, judge advocate ; Alfred C. Cotton, surgeon ; Frank S. 
 Allen, M. V. Zimmerman and Charles E. Elbby, directors. 
 
 Union Veteran Legion, No. 102. — Officers: Colonel, J. W. HerseyJ 
 lieutenant-colonel, John W. Thompson; major, Peter Adler; officer of the 
 day, Patrick McGrath; surgeon, Gen. George HeiDzmann; adjutant, N. A. 
 Reed. The League is composed entirely of veterans who served two continu- 
 ous years. None are admitted on hospital or quartermaster records unless 
 they received wounds in action and were enlisted prior to July 1, 1863. 
 
 United Commercial Travelers' of America. — Commonly known as the 
 "U. C. T." A secret organization composed of commercial travelers only; 
 with means of instant recognition at all times, members are enabled to aid 
 each other in many ways as fellow-travelers. As the constitution says of its 
 objects: " To unite fraternally all Commercial Travelers of good moral char- 
 acter. To give all moral and material aid in its power to its members and 
 those dependant upon them. Also to assist ihe widows and orphans of de- 
 ceased members. To establish an indemnity fund to 'Indemnify its members for 
 total disability or death resulting from accidental means. To secure from all 
 transportation companies and hotels just and equitable favors for Commercial 
 Travelers as a class. To elevate the moral and social standing of its mem- 
 bers. The constitution also reads, referring to membership: "Any male 
 person of good moral character, engaged as a Commercial Traveler (for a term 
 of not less than one year), soliciting orders from samples, catalogue 
 card, price-list, or description, for commission, wholesale house, or man- 
 ufacturer at wholesale, may become a member (if found acceptable) upon 
 application in due form, and the payment of an application fee of five dollars, 
 and the quarterly dues of the Council." " Chicago Council " is the name of 
 the body in our city. The order has paid " its members and those dependent 
 upon them " over eleven thousand dollars in the past four years of its exist 
 ence, for injury received or death. Information can be obtained by address- 
 ing Mr. IS ate L. Maher, 7013 Yale St., Chicago. 
 
 Western Amateur Press Association. An association of young journalists. 
 Officers: President, Miss Alice Fitzgerald; vice-president, Theodore B. 
 Thiele; seeretiry, Alfred J. Robinson; treasurer, Miss Marion Skinner; official 
 editor, J. Herbert Phillips. 
 
 Western Society of the Army of The Potomac. — Officers: President, 
 Col. Freeman Connor; vice-presidents, Capt. John F. Weare, Col. E. R. P. 
 Shurly and Capt. John Lambert, of Joliet; secretary, Capt. Richard Robins; 
 recorder, Capt. William Bye; treasurer, Colonel A. J. Burbank; chaplain, 
 Rev. William White Wilson; surgeon, Dr. J. Vrey. 
 
 Women's Press Association. — Officers: President, Mary Allen West; first 
 vice-president, Mrs. Mary Dye; second vice-president, Mrs. Sallie M. Moses; 
 third vice-president, Miss Anna R. Weeks; recording secretary Mrs. L. 
 Chamberlain Madden; assistant recording secretary, Mrs. Eva Kinney Grif- 
 fith; corresponding secretary, Emily A. Kellogg; assistant corresponding 
 secretary, Mrs. E. J. Abbott; treasurer, Mrs. F. E. Owens; librarian, Miss 
 Dusenberry. 
 
526 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Woman's Alliance. — Composed of representatives from the various 
 women's societies of the city. Meets at the Palmer House on the first Friday 
 of every month. 
 
 Woman's Exchange. — A semi-charter organization for the promotion of 
 the interests of working women. At the last regular meeting of the Exchange 
 Mrs. J. S. McAuley reported that the Exchange had just closed the most suc- 
 cessful year of its existence, speaking from a philanthropic point, but not 
 from a financial one. By close economy the Exchange had been able to make 
 both ends meet and leave the reserve fund intact. During the year $36,000 
 has been paid to self-supporting women, being nearly $16,000 more than the 
 amount paid out last year. The number of depositors is now 500, having 
 increased 117 during the year. The art committee reported receiving from sales 
 during the year $2,558.04; embroidery committee, $1,527.99; sewing com- 
 mittee, $1,191.13; crochet committee, $1,266.02; domestic committee, $13, 
 719.20. Only 10 per cent, of the amount received from sales is kept by the 
 Exchange to pay expenses. The rest is paid to the consignors. Officers: 
 President, Mrs. A. A. Carpenter; first vice-president, Mrs. J. B. Lyon; second 
 vice-president, Mrs. S. R. Howell; third vice-president, Mrs. O. Guthrie; 
 recording secretary, Mrs. J. T. McAuley; corresponding- secretaries, Mrs. S.G. 
 Field and Mrs. T. F. Withrow. 
 
 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 A large number of public institutions in Illinois, including prisons, 
 reformatories, hospitals, asylums, etc., are conducted under the supervision, 
 and maintained at the expense, of the State. They are as follows: 
 
 Illinois Asylum for Feeble- Minded Children. — Located at Lincoln, 156 
 miles south of Chicago. Take Illinois Central or Chicago & Alton railroad. 
 Average daily attendance of inmates about 375. Average age of inmates 
 about 15 years. Annual expenses about $75,000. 
 
 Illinois Central Hospital for the Insane. — Located at Jacksonville, 215 
 miles south of Chicago. Take Chicago & Alton railroad. Average number 
 of patients about 925. Annual cost of maintenance, $150,000. 
 
 Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary. — Located in Chicago, nw. cor. 
 of Adams and Peoria sts. ; take Adams st. car. A handsome structure. The 
 average number of patients per annum treated for diseases of the eye is about 
 4,000; for the ear about 1,100. Over 50,000 patients have been treated since 
 the opening of the institution in 1858. The expenses per annum are about 
 $30,000. 
 
 Illinois Eastern Hospital for the Insane. — Located at Kankakee, 56 miles 
 south of Chicago. Take the Illinois Central railroad. Average number of 
 patients about 1,500. Ordinary expenses per annum about $250,000. 
 
 Illinois Institution for the Education of the Blind. — Located at Jackson- 
 ville, 215 miles south of Chicago. Take Chicago & Alton railroad. Average 
 number enrolled about 215, of whom about one-third are females. Annual 
 appropriation for maintenance about $120,000. 
 
 Illinois Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb. — Located at 
 Jacksonville, 215 miles south of Chicago. Take Chicago & Alton railroad. 
 Average number of people on the rolls about 000. Ordinary expenses per 
 annum about $125,000. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 527 
 
 Illinois Northern Hospital for the Insane. — Located at Elgin, 42*^ miles 
 from Chicago. Take Chicago & North-Western or Chicago, Milwaukee & 
 St. Paul railroad. The number of patients averages nearly 600. The per 
 capita cost of maintenance is about $169. The buildings are large and are 
 being constantly improved. 
 
 Illinois Soldiers' Orphans' Some. — Located at Normal, 124 miles south- 
 west of Chicago. Take* Chicago & Alton railroad. The average number of 
 inmates is about 210 males and 150 females. Annual expenses, about $50,000. 
 This is an educational institution as well as a home for the orphans of Illinois 
 soldiers. Every branch of English common-school education is taught. 
 
 Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors' Borne. — Located at Quincy, 264 miles south- 
 west of Chicago. Take Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad. Conducted 
 on the cottage plan. Average number of inmates, about 750. Cost of main- 
 tenance, about $115 per capita. Ordinary expenses, about $100,000 per annum. - 
 
 Illinois Southern Hospital for the Insane. — Located at Anna, 329 miles 
 southwest of. Chicago. Take Illinois Central railroad. The average number 
 of patients in the institution is about 675. The cost of maintenance per 
 capita is $162. The annual appropriation for maintenance and improvements 
 is about $125,000 
 
 Illinois Southern Penitentairy. — Located at Chester, near St. Louis. Take 
 Illinois Central railroad. Average number of prisoners, about 800. Here the 
 convicts are employed, as at Joliet, in all trades, under tho contract system. 
 There are extensive brick yards in the prison. The prison is almost self- 
 sustaining, the average appropriation to meet the deficit being about $50,000. 
 
 Illinois State Penitentiary. — Located at Joliet, 37 miles south of Chicago. 
 Take Chicago & Alton ; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific or Michigan Central 
 railroad. Average number of prisoners, 1,400. The prison, through a 
 system of convict contract labor, is almost self-sustaining. The prison itself 
 is built after the manner of American penal institutions generally, although 
 many of the latest improvements have been adopted in the plans of the cell 
 buildings, work shops, etc. From the report of the chaplain for an average 
 year the following interesting facts are obtained: Whole number received 
 during the two years covered by the biennial report, 1,206. Of this number, 
 843 were not members of any church at the time of their conviction. Of the 
 363 remaining, 229 were Catholic, 8 Baptist, 4 Christian, 1 Church of Eng- 
 land, 2 Congregationalist, 25 Episcopal, 1 Greek, 3 Jewish, 52 Lutheran, 25 
 Methodist, 8 Presbyterian, 1 Protestant, 2 Reform, 1 Dunkard and 1 United 
 Brethren. One thousand and ten had attended Sabbath-school; many, of 
 course, only for a brief period and in very early youth, while 196 never had 
 any religious training. The educational records show 108 illiterate, 104 read 
 only, 566 read and write, 338 common-school education and 90 high school. 
 Their habits of life were: Intemperate, 338; moderate drinkers, 545; abstinent, 
 323. The social record is as follows: Both parents living, 408; both parents 
 dead, 326; father dead, 303; mother dead, 154; unknown, 15; 241 lost father 
 before 10 years of age; 188 lost father between 10 and 18 years; 154 lost 
 mother before 10 years of age; 140 lost mother between 10 and 18 years; 80 
 left home under 10 years of age; 273 left home between 10 and 15. The 
 prison has a Sabbath-school, with an enrollment of over 1,000 members; there 
 are Sabbath-afternoon prayer meetings, and there is a library containing 
 about 12,000 volumes. Stone-cutting, barrel-making, harness-making, tailor- 
 ing, shoe-making, and, in fact, nearly all trades are carried on inside the 
 walls. Visitors are admitted under certain restrictions. 
 
528 GUIDE TO CHICAGO 
 
 Illinois State Reform School. — Located at Pontiac, 92 miles southwest of 
 Chicago. Take Illinois Central, Chicago & Alton or Wabash railroads. 
 Average number of inmates, about 325. Cost of maintenance, about $50,000 
 per annum. The manual training system is in operation here. The inmates 
 are boys sent by the courts generally on complaint of parents who can not 
 control them. 
 
 TRIBUTARY CITIES AND TOWNS. 
 
 The following are the principal cities and towns of the West, Southwest 
 and Northwest, tributary to Chicago, with their distances from this city, the 
 railroad lines by which they may be reached and their respective populations 
 according to the census of 1890: 
 
 Cincinnati. — The largest and most important city in Ohio; county seat of 
 Hamilton Co.; extends along the river a distance of 10 miles; average width, 
 3 miles; area, 24 square miles. Free public library contains 137,972 volumes 
 and 15,565 pamphlets; reached by Baltimore & Ohio, Cleveland, Cincin- 
 nati, Chicago & St. Louis and Chicago & Erie. Population (1890), 296,309. 
 
 Cleveland. — The county seat of Cuyahoga, Ohio; on the southern shore 
 of Lake Erie, 365 miles east of Chicago. A beautiful and prosperous city, 
 with great commercial inteiests. One of the finest avenues in the world — 
 Euclid — may be seen here. In Lake View Cemetery the body of the late 
 President Garfield is interred, A monument costing $250,000 has been 
 erected to his memory. Reached by Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, Cleve- 
 land, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis and Chicago & Erie railroads. Popu- 
 lation (1890), 261,546. 
 
 Columbus. — Situated on the Sciota river, 116 miles northeast of Cincin- 
 nati. County seat of Franklin and capital of Ohio. Has large coal, iron 
 manufacturing and general commercial interests. Beautifully situated, well, 
 laid out and handsomely built. Reached by Baltimore & Ohio, Cleveland v 
 Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis and Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburg 
 railroads. Population (1890), 90,000. 
 
 Council Bluffs. — Situated on the left bank of the Missouri river, in Iowa, 
 opposite Omaha, in Nebraska; on the line of the great continental railway 
 from Chicago to San Francisco; about a mile east of Omaha. Two of the finest 
 iron bridges in the country span the Missouri river. Reached by the Chicago 
 & North-Western, Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, Chicago, Burlington & 
 Quincy and Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroads. Population (1890), 
 18,063. 
 
 Bes Moines. — Capital of Iowa; county seat of Polk county; 138 miles 
 east of Omaha; 357 miles west of Chicago; comprises an area of 8 square 
 miles; nearly equally divided by the Des Moines river, flowing north and 
 south; the west side being again divided by the Racoon river, which here 
 joins the former. On the east side is erected the State capitol on an elevated 
 site, surrounded by a 10-acre park. State library contains 30,000 volumes. 
 Reached by Chicago & North-Western, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, 
 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City and 
 Wabash railroads. Population (1890), 50 000. 
 
C 3 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 529 
 
 Detroit.— Principal city of the State of Michigan; county seat of Wayne 
 county. Detroit stretches along the Detroit river six and one-half miles, 
 reaching back two and three fourths miles. On the opposite shore is Windsor, 
 Canada. Detroit is one of the most beautiful and most prosperous cities in 
 the West. It has immense manufacturing and railroad interests. Reached 
 by Michigan Central, Chicago & Grand Trunk, Lake Shore & Michigan 
 Southern and Wabash railroads. Population (1890), 205,669. 
 
 At Detroit is located Victor Colliau's new improved Hot Blast Cupola 
 works, situated at 287 Jefferson ave. The improvements made by Victor 
 Colliau have overcome the difficulties which stood in the way of those 
 engaged in melting iron a few years since. The melting of twenty-five tons 
 at one heat and at a rate greater than three or four tons an hour was unknown, 
 and the melting of three or four pounds of iron with one pound of coke was 
 considered a very satisfactory result. Large castings could not be made 
 and it was considered a great foundry that melted five to six tons a day. The 
 New Improved Patented Hot Blast Cupola has surmounted all difficulties, 
 and Victor Colliau is now melting from sixty to one hundred and ten tons a 
 day, in some of them at a speed of fifteen to twenty tons an hour, and ten to 
 thirteen pounds of iron to the pound of coke. This is a wonderful advance- 
 ment, but Mr. Colliau is now building and will be prepared to show the 
 visitor to Detroit during 1892 a cupola that will melt twenty-five tons per 
 hour. Correspondence is solicited for plans of foundries and the economi 
 cal working of cupolas, the saving of fuel in melting iron and steel and in 
 the production of steam. Those visiting Detroit who are interested in the 
 iron and steel melting business should seethe works of Victor Colliau. 
 
 Galena. — County seat of Jo Daviess county, 111.; 180 miles west north- 
 west of Chicago. It is the commercial depot of an extensive district; owes 
 its prosperity to the species of lead from which it takes its name, and the 
 mines of which surround it, underlying, more or less densely, an area of over 
 1,500,000 acres. In 1829 the first load was conveyed overland to Chicago. 
 Galena was for many years the home of Gen. U. S. Grant. Here he worked 
 in his father's tannery and leather store when he offered his services to the 
 country at the outbreak of the rebellion. His old home still stands, and the 
 citizens of 'Galena have erected a handsome monument to his memory. 
 Reached by Chicago & North-Western and Illinois Central railroads. Popu- 
 lation (1890), 6,403. 
 
 Oalesburg. — County seat of Knox county, 111.; 163 miles west southwest of 
 Chicago, at the junction of branches of the C, B. & Q. R. R.,in a very fertile 
 farming district. Knox College and Lombard College are situated here. 
 Reached by Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad. Population (1890), 15,212. 
 
 Indianapolis. — Capital of Indiana; 194 miles southeast of Chicago; altitude, 
 148 feet above Lake Erie. It extends four miles in length, three miles wide. 
 Public library contains 36,461 volumes. Marion county Court House is in 
 the heart of the city; built of Indiana limestone, interior of iron and marble; 
 is 150x286 feet, and 240 feet to the top of dome. Magnificent new State 
 c ipitol buiding also here. Reached by Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. 
 Louis (" Big Four"); Chicago & Erie, and Louisville, New Albany & Chicago 
 railroads. Population (1890), 125,000. 
 
 Jackson. — Chief city of Jackson county, Mich. ; situated en the Grand 
 river, seventy five miles west of Detroit; reached by Chicago & Grand Trunk 
 and Michigan Central railroads. Population (1890), 16,105. 
 
530 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Jacksonville. — Chief city of Morgan county, 111.; about 200 miles south 
 southwest of Chicago. Public buildings include State institutes for the 
 blind, the deaf and dumb. Reached by Chicago & Alton and Wabash rail- 
 roads. Population (1890), 12,357. 
 
 Kansas City.— Second city of the State of Missouri; situated in Jackson 
 county, on the right bank of the Missouri river, 235 miles west by north 
 from St. Louis; 488 miles southwest of Chicago. The river is crossed at this 
 point by a bridge 1,387 feet long, resting on seven piers. Is a great railroad, 
 cattle and commercial center. Was laid out in 1830, but its growth dates 
 from 1860. Reached by Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, Chicago & Alton, 
 Ctticago, Burlington & Qaincy, Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, Wabash & 
 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroads. Population (1860), 4,418; (1890) 
 105,000. 
 
 Keokuk. — Chief city, Lee county, la., situated on the west bank of the 
 Mississippi, in the extreme southeast corner of the State (whence its name 
 " Gate City"). A canal, nine miles long, round the lower rapids of the Mis- 
 sissippi, which formerly obstructed navigation, has been constructed by 
 the United States government, at a cost of $8,000,000. Is a port of entry, 
 reached by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and Chicago, Rock Island & 
 Pacific railroads. Population (1890), 14,075. 
 
 Leavenworth.— Largest city in Kansas. Situated on the bluff at the right 
 bank of the Missouri river. In 1854 the first street was laid out; in 1864 
 the taxable property amounted to $4,103,562. Two miles above the city is 
 Fort Leavenworth. The government reservation has a river frontage of six 
 miles; depth, one mile; reached by Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe and Chi- 
 cago, Rock Island & Pacific railroads. 
 
 Lincoln. — County seat of Lancaster county, and capital of Nebraska. 
 State University, State Prison, Insane Asylum and Home for the Friendless 
 are all situated here; reached by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy rairoad. 
 
 Louisville — The most important city in the State of Kentucky; situated 
 on the south bank of the Ohio river, 323 miles east of south of Chicago. 
 The city has an area of thirteen square miles, aud a water front of eight 
 miles. It is a handsomely built city, and" the most northern of the southern 
 group. The oity has large steamboat, manufacturing and commercial inter- 
 ests. Reached by Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis and Lo»'s- 
 ville, New Albany & Chicago (' ' Monon route ") railroads. Population (1890), 
 185,756. 
 
 Milwaukee. — The largest city in the State of Wisconsin; situated on the 
 shore of Lake Michigan, eighty-fiVe miles north of Chicago. The Milwau- 
 kee and Menomonee rivers unite in the center of the business portion of the 
 ciiy. A bay six miles from cape to cape, and three miles broad stretches in 
 front of the city, which commands a fine water view. The material used 
 for building is largely the cream-colored brick made in the vicinity, from 
 wnich Milwaukee is sometimes called the " Cream City." Population (1890), 
 204,150. Among other things for which Milwaukee is noted are her immense 
 breweries, which find a market for their product in every part of the world. 
 Thecityis beautifully built, and the visitor will enjoy atripup there. Reached 
 by the Chicago & North- Western, Chicago, Milwakee& St. Paul and Wiscon- 
 sin Central railroads, the time necessary being only three hours. 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 531 
 
 The Plankinton. — The " Cream 0117,'' as it has been named, is noted 
 for its large number of German residents, its immense breweries and the 
 Plankinton House. The Plankinton, a model hotel, is centrally located on 
 Grand avenue, occupying almost an entire block and contains about 450 
 rooms. The floor of the large office is now being relaid with marble. The 
 reading room is very commodious and contains many handsome works of art 
 in the way of pictures, etc. The billiard room is being refitted and when the 
 alterations and furnishings are completed will be very attractive. Ten fine 
 tables of the Brunswick-Balke-Collender company's manufacture will be 
 placed in this room. Manager Chase always keeps a sharp lookout for the 
 comfort and entertainment of the guests, and that his efforts are success- 
 ful is shown by the large list of daily arrivals at ail seasons of the year. 
 During the past three months Mr. Chase has purchased over twelve hundred 
 choice etchings and engravings, all of which have been very tastily framed, 
 and he is now busily engaged in having them placed in the public and guest 
 rooms throughout the hotel. The idea is a good one and will be appreciated 
 by the patrons of the Plankinton. This hotel is noted for its excellent cui- 
 sine, for which it deserves a great deal of praise, also for the prompt service 
 in the dining r ( oir. 
 
 The Phenix Lumber Company. — The Phenix: Lumber Company com- 
 menced business as a firm under this name in 1884, and incorporated three 
 years ago. In its infancy it occupied a yard 50x150 feet, was enlarged to 
 100x325 feet, again to 150x325 feet, and again to 200x325 feet, and this year 
 again enlarged, until now it leases 122,000 square feet, giving it excellent 
 dock and rail facilities. The growth of its yard represents the growth of 
 the hardwood lumber business during the last eight years. They do business 
 in Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Ohio, Indiana, Tennessee, Missouri 
 and Mississippi. 
 
 It handles about twenty different kinds of lumber, and does the largest 
 wholesale hardwood business in Milwaukee. The officers of the company are 
 F. H. White, president; Geo. C. White, Jr., secretary and treasurer. Loca- 
 tion of offices and yards, North Canal street, foot of Seventeenth street. 
 
 Minneapolis. — The county seat of Hennepin county, Minn., situated on 
 both banks of the Mississippi, at the falls of St. Anthony, 420 miles north- 
 west of Chicago. The east side was settled first under the name of St. 
 Anthony, w T hich was incorporated as a city in 1860. The west side settle- 
 ment, named Minneapolis, incorporated as a city in 1867. In 1872 both were 
 united under the name of Minneapolis. The falls supply abundant water 
 power for a number of flour and lumber mills. Minneapolis is one of the 
 most beautiful and prosperous cities in the Northwest. It is magnificently 
 laid out and bailt in a substantial aud tasteful manner. Of later years its 
 growth, population and commerce have been phenomenal. Reached by Chi- 
 cago & North- Western; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul; Chicago, St. Paul 
 & Kansas City; Chicago, St. Paul & Minneapolis and Wisconsin Central 
 railroads. Population (1890), 164,780. 
 
 Omaha. — Largest city in the State of Nebraska, situated on the west bank 
 of the Missouri river, 490 miles west of Chicago. Omaha is practically the 
 Eastern terminus of the Union Pacific railway system; here are located the 
 largest smelting and refining works in the world. The city has immense 
 cattle, lumber, manufacturing and commercial interests. It has grown 
 
532 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 wonderfully during recent years. Reached by Chicago & North-Western; 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul; Chicago, Rock Island'& Pacific and Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy railroads. Population (1890), 134,742. 
 
 Qaincy. — County seat of Adams county, 111.; situated 125 feet above low- 
 water mark on the east bank of the Mississippi, the extreme western point of 
 the State. The river is crossed by a great railroad bridge. By water, Quincy 
 is 160 miles above St. Louis; by rail. 263 miles southwest of Chicago. 
 Reached by Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad. Population (1890), 31,478. 
 
 St. Joseph. — County seat of Buchanan county, Mo., and largest city in 
 the northwestern part of that State, 260 miles northwest of St. Louis, 500 
 miles southwest of Chicago. A beautiful city on the east bank of the Mis- 
 souri river, which at this point is spanned by a bridge. St. Joseph is a erreat 
 wholesale center and is said to be one of the wealthiest cities in the West. 
 The town is handsomely built. Reached by Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy; Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City and Atchi- 
 son, Topeka & Santa Fe railroads. Population (1890), about 70,000. 
 
 St. Louis. — Chief city of Missouri, situated on the west side, of the Mis- 
 sissippi river, twenty miles below its confluence with the Missouri; 283.miles 
 southwest of Chicago. The extreme length, in a straight line, 17 miles; the 
 greatest width, 6.60 miles; length of river frontage, 19.15 miles; area (includ- 
 ing considerable territory at present suburban in character), 62*^ square 
 miles. St. Louis is one of the handsomest cities in America and one of the 
 most progressive. In point of population it ranks the fifth in the United 
 States. There are two bridges across the Mississippi river at this point, one 
 of them being a magnificent steel structure and ranking among the greatest 
 in the world. St. Louis has some beautiful parks and public gardens, 
 magnificent business streets, elegant residences, fine public buildings, and is 
 altogether a city which the visitor should not fail to see. Reached by 
 Chicago & Alton, Illinois Central and Wabash railroads. Population (1890), 
 460,857. 
 
 St. Paul.— Capital of Minnesota, county seat of Ramsey county, a pert 
 of entry, situated on the Mississippi river, 2,150 miles from its mouth, ten 
 miles below St. Anthony's Falls; 360 miles northwest of Chicago. The ground 
 on which the city is built rises from the river in a series of terraces. Two 
 lines of steamers ply between St. Paul and St. Louis and intermediate points; 
 the navigable season lastssix months; reached by Chicago & North-Western, 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, Wisconsin Central, Chicago, Burlington 
 & Quincy and Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City railroads; population, 1890, 
 133,156. 
 
 Springfield.— Capital of Illinois; county seat of Sangamon county; laid 
 out 1822; selected as State Capital 1837; chartered as a city 1840; 185 miles 
 southwest of Chicago. Take Chicago & Alton, Illinois Central or Wabash 
 train. Principal attractions: State Capitol, erected 1866-68, constructed of 
 Joliet marble in the form of Greek Cross, with portico of granite, 385 feet 
 long, 296 wide; has central dome, surmounted by a lantern with a ball on the 
 pinnacle, 360 feet high; contains a General and Law Library, geological and 
 agricultural museums, State Senate and Representative halls and State 
 offices. Lincoln Monument at Oak Ridge Cemetery, erected 1874, designed 
 by Larkin G. Mead, consists of a granite obelisk, height, 983*$ feet from 
 center of spacious basement (119^ feet long, 12% feet wide), which contains 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 533 
 
 a catacomb in which is entombed the body of Abraham Lincoln, and a 
 memorial hall. A bronze statue of Lincoln and four groups of figures in 
 bronze, symbolizing the Army and Navy of the United States, are arranged 
 around the base of the obelisk. Lincoln's old homestead is also to be seen 
 here. Reached by Chicago, Alton & St. Louis, Illinois Central and Wabash 
 & St. Louis railroads. Population, 1890, 24,852. 
 
 Tributary Towns.— The following are the towns of Illinois, Indiana, 
 Iowa, Michigan and Wisconsin, immediately tributary to Chicago, not 
 included above, with their populations according to the census of 1890: Illi- 
 nois: Aurora, 19,634; Belleville, 15,360; Bloomington, 20,000; Cairo, 14.000; 
 Canton, 5,589; Champaign, 5,827; Danville, 11,528; Decatur, 16,841; Dixon, 
 5,149; E. St. Louis, 15,156; Elgin, 17,429; Freeport. 11,000; Galena, 6,406; 
 Joliet, 27,407; Lincoln, 6,125; Litchfield, 5,798; Mattoon, 6,829; Moline, 
 11,995; Monmouth, 5,837; Ottawa, 11,500; Paris, 5,049; Peoria, 40,758; Rock- 
 ford, 23,589; Rock Island, 13,596; Sterling, 5,822; Streator, 6,120. Indiana: 
 Anderson, 10,759; Brazil, 5,902; Columbus, 6,705; Crawfordsville, 6,086; Elk- 
 hart, 11,000; Evansville, 50,674; Ft. Wayne, 35,349; Goshen, 6.027, Hunt- 
 ington, 7,300; Jeffersonville, 11,274; Kokomo, 8,224; Lafayette, 16,407; La- 
 Porte, 7,122; Logansport, 13,798; Madison, 8,923; Marion, 8,724; Michigan 
 City, 10,704; Muncie, 11,339; New Albany, 21,000; Peru, 6,731; Princeton, 
 6,494; Richmond, 16,849; Seymour, 5,337; Shelbyville, 5,449; South Bend, 
 2t,786; Terre Haute, 30,287; Valparaiso, 5,083; Vincennes, 8,815; Wabash, 
 5,196; Washington, 6,052. Iowa: Boone, 6,518; Burlington, 22,528; Cedar 
 Rapids. 17,997; Clinton, 13,629; Creston, 9,120; Davenport, 25,161; Dubuque, 
 30,147; Ft. Madison, 7,906; Iowa City, 5,628; Lyons, 5,791; MarshaJltown, 
 9,308; Muscatine, 11,432; Oskaloosa, 7,300: Ottumwa, 13,996; Sioux City, 
 37,862; Waterloo, 6,679. Michigan: Adrian, 9,239; Alpena, 11,228; Ann 
 Arbor, 9,509; Battle Creek, 13,000; Bay City, 27,826; Big Rapids, 5,265; Che- 
 boygan, 6,244; Coldwater, 5,462; Escanaba, 8,000; Flint, 9,845; Grand Rapids, 
 64,147; Ishpeming, 11,184; Kalamazoo, 17,857; Lansing, 12,630; Ludington, 
 7.199; Manistee, 12,799; Marquette, 9,096; Menominee, 10,606; Monroe, 5,246; 
 Muskegon, 22,688; Negaunee, 6,061; Owosso, 6,544; Pontiac, 6,243; Pt. 
 Huron, 13,519; Saginaw, 46,215; W. Bay City, 12.910; Ypsilanti, 6,128. 
 Wisconsin: Appleton, 11,825; Ashland, 16,000; Beloit, 6,276; Chippewa 
 Falls, 8,520; Eau Claire, 17,438; Fond du Lac, 11,942; Green Bay, 8,879; 
 Janesville, 10,631; Kenosha, 6,529; La Crosse, 25,053; Madison, 13,392; Man- 
 itowoc, 7,525; Marinette, 11,513; Menominee, 5,485; Neenah, 5,076; Oconto, 
 5,221; Oshkosh, 22,753; Portage, 5,130; Racine, 21,022; Sheboygan, 16,341; 
 Stevens Point, 7,»88; Watertown, 8,870, Waukesha, 7,475; Wausau, 9,251; 
 Superior, 13,000. 
 
 WArER TRANSPORTATION— LAKE. 
 
 A large number of steamers ply between this city and points on all of the 
 lakes, and on the St. Lawrence river during the summer season. These in 
 many instances carry passengers. In general, however, the visitor will take 
 the following lines: 
 
 Graham & Morton Transportation Co. — Dock foot of Wabash avenue. 
 Steamers leave for St. Joseph and Benton Harbor daily, at 9:30 a. m. and 11.30 
 p. m., arriving at St. Joseph at 1:30 p. m. and 3 a. m. 10 a. m. Sundays only, 
 
534 GLIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 arriving at 2 p. m. Single fare $1. Meals extra. Berths extra on City of 
 Chicago. Daily excursion from Chicago, returning same day, $1. Sunday 
 excursions on the City of Chicago, $1.50. Close connections are made at St. 
 Joseph and Benton Harbor with the Chicago & West Michigan Ry. for points 
 north and east, including all points on the Detroit, Lansing & Northern Ry.; 
 with the Cincinnati, Wabash & Michigan and Vandalia Systems for points 
 south and east. Also with the steamer May Graham for Berrien Springs and 
 other points on the picturesque St. Joseph river. This company does not 
 guarantee to ran on the above time, but reserves the right to vary therefrom 
 without notice. J. H. Graham, president; J. S. Morton, secretary and treas- 
 urer; G. S. Whitslar, general passenger agent. This company owns the mag- 
 nificent steel side- wheel steamer City of Chicago and two large, elegantly-fitted 
 propellers. The trip to St. Joseph and Benton Harbor is a delightful one. On 
 the Michigan side of the lake there are many attractive and healthful summer 
 resorts. 
 
 Goodrich Line. — The pioneer and leading line of lake steamers, compris- 
 ing the most elegant, most modern, as well as the safest steamships which ply 
 Lake Michigan. Founded in 1856 by Capt. A. E. Goodrich, and ten years later 
 incorporated under the laws of Wisconsin . Docks foot of Michigan avenue. The 
 steamers of the Goodrich Transportation Company ply between Chicago and 
 all ports on Lake Michigan and Green Bay, forming regular lines during the 
 navigation season as follows: Racine and Milwaukee, daily morning and 
 evening lines; Sheboygan and Manitowoc, daily evening line; Sturgeon Bay 
 and Menominee, daily evening line; Grand Haven and Muskegon, daily eve- 
 ning line; Green Bay and Manistique, semi-weekly. The latest additions to 
 the fleet, tne steamships "City of Racine," "Indiana," "Atlanta," and the 
 steel twin screw steamship "Virginia," are evidences that the company is 
 determined to keep up with the times in providing everything that will add to 
 the comfort and pleasure of the traveling public. The "Muskegon" is a 
 steamer of 900 tons, the "Chicago," "Menominee" and the "City of Luding- 
 ton," 1,000 tons each; the "Atlanta," "City of Racine" and "Indiada," 1,200 
 tons each; and the "Virginia," the queen of the fleet, 2,500 tons. 
 
 The "Virginia" is the finest passenger steamship on the Lake. It was 
 built to order by the Globe Iron Works, and is pronounced by the Marine 
 Review (a recognized authority in all matters relating to the construction and 
 equipment of vessels) to be, not only the trimmest and most elegantly appointed 
 passenger steamship built, but more than that, the finest ship that flies the 
 American flag. The none too extravagent expressions about her, yacht-like 
 and sylph-like mold (it adds) are all contained in the fact that her per cent, of 
 fullness or co-efficient is .61, fully .15 less than any large steamer on the 
 lakes, and equal to the finest lined ocean steamship. The dimensions of the 
 hull are 278 feet over all, 260 feet keel, 38 feet beam and 25 feet deep. The 
 water bottom (divided into six sections, three on either side) contains a tank 
 that will hold 4,500 gallons of fresh water. 
 
 The hull has six water-tight bulkheads in addition to the collision and 
 stuffing box bulkheads, so that if the boat should be cut squarely in two, 
 both ends would float. On the topmost deck, aft the texes or wheel-house, 
 are the observation cabins — one for gentlemen and one for ladies. The twin 
 screws are turned by two sets of inverted triple expansion engines, each with 
 cylinders twenty, thirty and fifty-two inches by thirty-six inch stroke. Steam 
 is supplied by two double-ended boilers of thirteen feet diameter by twenty- 
 one feet two inches long, having twelve furnaces, and being equal to four 
 
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA. 535 
 
 thirteen-foot boilers twelve feet long. The engines, making 130 revolutions, 
 will drive the boat nineteen miles an hour. Eight auxiliary engines run the 
 two dynamos, the air pump, pumping machinery, steerage gear, ete. Each 
 state-room has four berths, two of which are contained in the regular berths, 
 but can be pulled out into the cabin. The berths are hung with curtains 
 similar to those of a Pullman sleeper, but of richer texture and of different 
 colors. A scene of oriental splendor is produced by the 800 incandescent 
 lights shining from every nook of the cabins. 
 
 The dining saloon is located in the forward hole-space, and is reached 
 by a solid mahogany staircase leading from the forward end of the main 
 cabin. The first stairway extends from the cabin to a hallway on the main 
 deck. This hallway is finished in mahogany, and from it the stairway con- 
 tinues to the saloon. The saloon is about fifty-five feet long, has an average 
 width of about twenty-four feet, and is fourteen feet high. The ceiling is 
 divided into panels about four by six feet, filled with Lincrusta-Walton, and 
 in the center of each panel is an electric light pendant. In addition to these 
 lights three electroliers are hung from the central beam runningfore-and-aft 
 through the saloon. Daylight and fresh air are admitted to the saloonthrough 
 twenty large brass "dead-lights," each of which is concealed from view by 
 a screen of stained glass. An electric light is placed behind each of these 
 screens in such a manner that when the screens are closed and the lights are 
 in operation the effect is that of the most brilliant sunlight passing through 
 the stained glass. This arrangement is entirely original and the result very 
 pleasing. The sides, after end and a portion of the forward end (embracing 
 the lower stairway and entrance to the saloon) are finished in Moorish fret 
 work, worked out in rich mahogany and backed at a distance by mahogany 
 panel work. With the exception of the mahogany the entire saloon is finished 
 in the tasteful and fashionable style of decoration known as "ivory and gold." 
 The matter of ventilation has been carefully considered, and the saloon will 
 be kept supplied with fresh air and relieved from all odors of cookery by 
 means of large ventilating fans, which will discharge all the foul air into the 
 furnaces under the boilers. Altogether the dining saloon is unique in design 
 and decoration, and is without question unexcelled in convenience, comfort 
 and beauty. 
 
 An important feature is the system of transverse frames of the bulkheads, 
 which give the main a high degree of stiffness and stability, the result 
 being the elimination of that disagreeable vibration and jarring movement 
 experienced on most steamers that induces wakefulness. This superb vessel 
 was not intended (as at first thought it might seem) for the exclusive and pri- 
 vate pleasure of a party of millionaires, but for the enjoyment of the people 
 of Chicago and Milwaukee who patronize the Goodrich line, although no 
 millionaire who travels on it will miss the comforts of his palatial home. The 
 Virginia leaves Chicago daily during the season at 9 a. m., and, including a 
 stop at Racine, will make the run to Milwaukee in five and a half hours; 
 returning, she leaves Milwaukee at 7 p. m. The opportunity is thus afforded 
 thousands of residents of either city to breathe the pure Lake Michigan air 
 for a day and enjoy a most delightful trip, for a sum that is insignificant com- 
 pared with the expense of a journey by rail. 
 
 Lake M. and Lake S. Trans. Co. — The Lake Michigan and Lake Superior 
 Transportation Co., incorporated under the laws of the State of Illinois in 
 1879, is the successor of the old Pioneer lines, established some thirty-five 
 
536 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 years ago, and is now the only line operating freight and passenger steamers 
 between Chicago and Duluth, the head of Lake Superior. Steamers sail from 
 Chicago regularly every Wednesday and Saturday evening at 8.30, and callat 
 Mackinac Island, Sault Ste. Marie, Marquette, and all ports in the world- 
 renowned iron and copper district of Lake Superior. During the spring and 
 fall months this company devotes its entire attention to the freight business, 
 contracting not only for freight to local points on their route, but is making 
 great strides in the direction of through freight to points in the great Northwest 
 as far as the Pacific coast. The summer months are principally devoted to its 
 passenger business, which, during the last few years, has grown to enormous 
 proportions, partially owing to the famous northern summer resorts, that are 
 reached regularly twice a week. The steamers of this line are commodious, 
 elegantly furnished, and rank among the best on the inland seas. The 
 wharf is located near Rush street bridge, and is the most convenient to the 
 business center of the city. 
 
PART IV. 
 
 THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 
 
 The buildings of the World's Columbian Exposition, as provided by Act 
 of Congress, will be dedicated on October 12, 1892, the recognized anniver- 
 sary of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. The Exposi- 
 tion, which will be the greatest universal fair the world has ever seen, 
 will be formally opened to the public on May 1, 1893. The gates will 
 be closed on October 26, 1893. Everything will be in readiness for each 
 of these events. The preparations for the dedicatory ceremonies have been 
 made upon an elaborate scale, and the great buildings of the Exposition 
 will be completed and opened for the reception of exhibits at the time named. 
 From October 12, 1892, to May 1, 1893, the work of receiving and placing 
 exhibits, and in making ready generally for the opening of the display will be 
 carried on without intermission. The status of the World's Fair in the spring 
 of 1892 is presented in the following pages. For additional information 
 regarding the subjects treated here the visitor is referred to the " Handbook 
 of the World's Columbian Exposition," compiled by John J. Flinn, and 
 published by The Standard Guide Company. This work is on sale in all 
 parts of the world. 
 
 ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 The World's Columbian Exposition is conducted under a joint adminis- 
 tration consisting of what is known as "The National Commission" and 
 "The Local Board." From these two organizations is also chosen, aside 
 from the executive officers, what is known as " The Board of Reference and 
 Control," to which is submitted questions arising in either of the governing 
 Boards, for adjustment or final settlement. The affairs of the Local Board 
 are conducted by committees. The affairs of the Exposition management, 
 proper, are conducted by Bureaus, each Bureau having a chief. Herewith 
 is presented a full directory of the Exposition organization, National, Local, 
 Executive, etc. 
 
 World's Columbian Commission. — Headquarters, Rand & McNally Build- 
 ing. Officers: President, Thomas W. Palmer, Detroit, Mich., Room 417, 
 Rand & McNally Bldg., Chicago; secretary, John T. Dickinson, Austin, 
 Texas, Room 415, Rand & McNally Bldg., Chicago; president of the board 
 of lady managers, Mrs. Potter Palmer, Room 409, Rand & McNally Bldg., 
 Chicago; secretary of the board of lady managers, Mrs. Susan G. Cooko, 
 Room 409, Rand & McNally Bldg., Chicago; director-general, George R. 
 Davis, Room 410, Rand & McNally Bldg., Chicago. 
 
538 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Board of Reference and Control. — Thomas W. Palmer, of Michigan, 
 president; James A. McKenzie, of Kentucky, vice-chairman Executive Com- 
 mittee; George V. Massey, of Delaware; William Lindsay, of Kentucky; M. 
 H. de Young, of California; Thomas M. Waller, of Connecticut; Elijah B. 
 Martindale, of Indiana; J. W. St. Clair, of West Virginia. 
 
 Commissioners. — The World's Columbian Commission consists of "eight 
 commissioners at large" and eight alternates appointed by the president of 
 the United States, and two Commissioners and two alternates from each of 
 the States and Territories, appointed by the governors of States, and two 
 commissioners and two alternates from the District of Columbia, appointed 
 by the President of the United States. These commissioners are selected 
 equally from each of the two great political parties of the countrv. 
 
 Officers of the Local Board. — Headquarters, Rand & McNalty Building, 
 Adams near La Salle street. President, William T. Baker; vice-presidents, 
 Thomas B. Bryan and Potter Palmer; secretary and solicitor-general, Benja- 
 min Butterworth; assistant secretary, J. H. Kingwill; treasurer, Anthony F. 
 Seeberger; auditor, William K. Ackerman; traffic manager, E. E. Jaycox. 
 
 Board of Reference and Control.— Wm. T. Baker, Thos. B. Bryan, 
 Potter Palmer, Lyman J. Gage, Edwin Walker, Ferd W. Peck, Fred S. Win- 
 ston, Harlow N. Higinbotham. 
 
 Executive Committee. — William T. Baker, Thomas B. Bryan, Potter 
 Palmer, Ferdinand W. Peck, W. D. Kerfoot, Edwin Walker, A. H. Revell, 
 Chas. H. Schwab, Charles L. Hutchinson, Robert C. Clowry, Robert A. 
 Waller, Lyman J. Gage, Harlow N. Higinbotham, John J. P. Odell, Martin 
 A. Ryerson. 
 
 Finance Committee. — Ferd W. Peck, chairman; E. G. Keith, Lyman J. 
 Gage, John J. P. Odell, H. N. Higinbotham. 
 
 Grounds and Buildings Committee. — Lyman J. Gage, chairman; E. F. 
 Lawrence, Charles H. Schwab, H. B. Stone, R. C. Clowry, W. P. Ketcham, 
 G. W. Saul. 
 
 Legislative Committee. — Edwin Walker, chairman; Fred S. Winston, 
 Egbert Jamieson, Andrew McNally, Ferd W. Peck. 
 
 Agriculture Committee. — W. D. Kerfoot, chairman; E. F. Lawrence, 
 Theis J. Lelens, Geo. Schneider, I. N. Camp. 
 
 Mines, Mining, Forestry and Fish Committee. — Charles H. Schwab, 
 chairman; Wm. J. Chalmers, John C. Welling, Robert Nelson, Bernard E. 
 Sunny. 
 
 Press and Printing Committee. — Alexander H. Revell, chairman; 
 Milton W. Kirk, Edward B. Butler, Paul O. Stensland, George Schneider. 
 
 Transportation Committee. — George B. Harris, Edward P. Ripley, 
 George W. Saul, John C. Welling, C. H. Chappell. 
 
 Fine Art Committee. — Charles L. Hutchinson, Chairman; James W. 
 Ellsworth, Potter Palmer, Charles T. Yerkes, Martin A. Ryerson. 
 
 Liberal Arts Committee. — Robert A. Waller, Chairman; Isaac N. 
 Camp, Alexander H. Revell, Egbert Jamieson, Charles L. Hutchinson. 
 
 Electricity, Electrical and Pneumatic Appliances Committee. — 
 Robert C. Clowry, Chairman; Bernard E. Sunny, Charles H. Wacker, Robert 
 Nelson, C. K. G. Billings. 
 
 Manufactures and Machinery Committee. — John J. P. Odell, Chair- 
 man; Andrew McNally, Adolph Nathan, Elbridge G. Keith, A. M. Roths- 
 child. 
 
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION". 539 
 
 Ways and Means Committee.— Harlow N. Higinbotham, Chairman; 
 Lyman J. Gage, Edward F. Lawrence, Adolph Nathan, Charles H. W acker, 
 Wm. J. Chalmers, Robert A. Waller, Franklin H. Head, Edwaid B. Butler, 
 Wm. D. Kerfoot, George Schneider, Edward P. Ripley, Milton W. Kirk. 
 
 Foreign Exhibits Committee. — Martin A. Ryerson, Chaiiman; James 
 W. Ellsworth, Harlow N. Higinbotham, T. J. Lefens, Franklin H. Head. 
 
 Special Committee on Ceremonies — Edward F. Lawrence, Chairman; 
 James W. Ellsworth, Charles T. Yerkes, Ferd. W Peck, Charles H. Schwab, 
 Charles H. Wacker, William D. Kerfoot, Charles L. Hutchinson. 
 
 Directors. — William T. Baker, C. K. G. Billings, Thomas B. Bryan, 
 Edward B. Butler, Isaac N. Camp, William J. Chalmers, Robert C. Clowry, 
 George R. Davis, James W. Ellsworth, Lyman J. Gage, George B. Harris, 
 Franklin H. Head, H. N. Higinbotham, Charles L. Hutchinson, Egbert 
 Jamieson, Elbridge G. Keith, William D. Kerfoot, William P. Ketcham, 
 Milton W. Kirk, C. H. Chappell, Edward F. Lawrence, Thies J. Lefens, 
 Andrew McNally, Adolph Nathan, Robert Nelson, John J. P. Odell, Potter 
 Palmer, Ferd W. Peck, Alexander H Revell, Edward P. Ripley, A. M. 
 Rothschild, Martin A. Ryerson, George W. Saul, George Schneider, Charles 
 H. Schwab, Paul O. Stensland, Henry B. Stone. Bernard E. Sunny, Charles 
 H. Wacker, Edwin Walker, Robert A. Waller, Hempstead Washburne, John 
 C. Welling, Frederick S. Winston. Charles T. Yerkes. 
 
 Executive Department. — Headquarters Rand & McNally building. George 
 R. Davis, director general. Office, No. 404. 
 
 Department A. — Agriculture, fojd and food products, farming 
 machinery and appliances, W. I. Buchanan, chief. 
 
 Department B. — Horticulture, J. M. Samuels, chief; horticultural 
 division, John Thorp, chief. 
 
 Department C— Live Stock, domestic and wild animals, E. W. Cot- 
 terell, chief. 
 
 Department D. — Fish, fisheries, fish products and apparatus for fishing, 
 J. W. Collins, chief. 
 
 Department E. — Mines, mining and metallurgy, Frederick J. V. Skiff, 
 chief. 
 
 Department F. — Machinery, L. W. Robinson, chief. 
 
 Department G. — Transportation exhibits, railways, vessels and vehicles, 
 Willard A. Smith, chief. 
 
 Department FT. — Manufactures, J. M. Allison, chief. 
 
 Department J. — Electricity and electrical appliances, J. P. Barrett, 
 chief. 
 
 Department K. — Fine arts, pictorial, plastic and decorative, Halsey C. 
 Ives, chief. 
 
 Department L. — Liberal arts, education, engineering, public works, 
 architecture, music and the drama, S. H. Peabody, chief. 
 
 Department M. — Ethnology, archaeology, progress of labor and inven- 
 tion, isolated and collective exhibits, F. W. Putman, chief. 
 
 Department N. — Forestry and forest products, Thomas B. Keogh, 
 acting chief. 
 
 Department O. — Publicity and promotion, Moses P. Handy, chief. 
 
 Department P. — Foreign affairs, Walker Fearn, chief; secretary of 
 installation, Joseph Hirst. 
 
 Bureau of Construction. — D. H. Burnham, chief; A. Gotlieb, chief 
 engineer; F. L. Olmsted & Co., landscape architects. Offices; No. 1143 
 Rookery building. 
 
540 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Board of Architects. — By recommendation of the committee on 
 grounds and buildings, approved by the Board of Directors at its meeting of 
 January 9, 1891, the following architects were constiiuttd a boaid to decide, 
 in conference with the chief of construction, upon the pieliminaiy problems 
 in ar.angement and grouping of buildings and their architecture, submitted 
 to them: Robert M. Hunt of New York, W. L. Jenny of Chicago, McKim, 
 Mead & White of New York, Adler & Sullivan of Chicago, George B. Post 
 of New York, Henry Ives Cobb of Chicago, Peabody & S r earns of Boston, S. 
 S. Beman of Chicago, and Van Brunt & Howe of Kansas City. 
 
 The general arrangement and harmony of the buildings which promise to 
 be among the most attractive features of the Exposition were decided upon 
 by the chief and staff and the board, and the designs of the proposed build- 
 ings of the Exp >sition were allotted among the architects by the chief of con- 
 struction as follows: Robert M. Hunt, Administration building; W. L. B. 
 Jenny, Horticulture building; McKim, Mead & White, Ag ricultural building ; 
 Adler & Sullivan, Transportation building; George B. Post, Manufactures 
 building; Henry Ives Cobb, fisheries building; Burling & Whitehouse, 
 Casino and Entrances; Peabody & Stearns, Machinery building; S. S. Beman, 
 Mines and Mining building; Van Brunt & Howe, Electricity building. 
 
 Medical Bureau. — The Medical Bureau of the World's Columbian Expo- 
 sition is constituted as follows: John E. Owens, M. D., medical director; W. 
 H. Allport, M. D., assistant surgeon; Morton R. Yeager, M. D., assistant 
 surgeon. 
 
 Board of Control and Management of the United States Govern- 
 ment Exhibit. — Hon. Edwin Willits, chairman; Sevellon A. Brown, chief 
 clerk of the department of State, to represent that department; Allured B. 
 Nettleton, assistant secretary of the treasury, to represent the treasury 
 department; Major Clifton Comly, U. S. A., to represent the war department. 
 Captain R. W. Meade, U. S. N., to represent the navy department; A. D. 
 Hazen, third assistant postmaster general, to represent the post office depart- 
 ment; Horace A. Taylor, commissioner of railroads, to represent the depart- 
 ment of the interior; Elijah C. Foster, general agent of the department of 
 justice, to represent that department; Edwin Willits, assistant secretary of 
 agriculture, to represent the department of agriculture; Dr. G. Brown Goode, 
 assistant secretary Smithsonian Institution, to represent that institution and 
 the national museum; J. W. Collins, assistant-in-charge division of fisheries, 
 to represent the United States fish commission. 
 
 [See Flinn's Hand-Book of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full 
 information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale 
 every <w?iere.~\ 
 
 Board of Lady Managers. — Headquarters, Rand-McNally building, 
 Adams St., near La Salle. President, Mrs. Potter Palmer, of Chicago; first 
 vice-president, Mrs. Ralph Trautmann, of New York; second vice-president, 
 Mrs. Edwin C. Burleigh, of Maine; third vice-president, Mrs. Charles Price, 
 of North Carolina; fourth vice-president, Miss Katherine L. Minor, of Louisi- 
 ana; fifth vice-president, Mrs. Beriah Wilkins, of the District of Columbia; 
 sixth vice-president, Mrs. Susan R. Ashley, of Colorado; seventh vice-presi- 
 dent, Mrs. Flora Beall Ginty, of Wisconsin; eight vice-president, Mrs. 
 Margaret Blaine Salisbury, of Utah; vice-president-at-large. Mrs. Russell B. 
 Harrison, of Montana; vice-chairman executive committee, Mrs. Virginia C. 
 Meredith, of Indiana; secretary, Mrs. Susan G. Cooke, of Tennessee. 
 
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EX POSITION. 541 
 
 There are eight lady managers, and eight alternate lady managersappointed 
 by the commissioners at large, two lady managers and two alternate lady 
 managers appointed by the governors of each of the States and Territories; 
 two lady managers and two alternate lady managers appointed by the Presi- 
 dent of the United States from the District of Columbia, and nine lady 
 managers and nine alternate lady managers appointed by the President of the 
 United States from Chicago, the names and addresses of whom are as 
 follows: Lady managers, Mrs. Bertha M. Honore Palmer, Lake Shore Drive; 
 Mrs. Solomon Thatcher, Jr., River Forest; Mrs. Jennie Sanford Lewis, 1450 
 Michigan ave. ; Mrs. James A. Mulligan, 3000 Prairie ave.; Francis Dickin- 
 son, M. D., 70 State St.; Mrs. M. R, M. Wallace, 3817 Michigan ave.; Mrs. 
 Myra Bradwell, 1428 Michigan ave.; Mrs. James R. Doolittle, Jr., 24 Grove- 
 land Park; Mrs. Matilda B. Carse, 145 Ashland boul. Lady alternates: Miss 
 Sara T. Hallowell, Palmer House.; Mrs. George L. Dunlap, 328 Dearborn 
 ave.; Mrs. L. Brace Snattuck, 5300 Woodlawn ave.; Mrs. Annie C. Meyers, 
 556 Monroe st.; Martha H. Ten Eyck, 5704 Madison ave.; Mrs. Margaret Isa- 
 belle Sandes, Ravenswood, 111.; Mrs. Leander Stone, 3352 Indiana ave.; Mrs. 
 Gen. A. L. Chetlain, 543 N. State St.; Frances E. Willard, Evanston, 111. 
 
 [See Flinn's Hand- Book of the WorlcVs Columbian Exposition, for full 
 information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale 
 'iere. 1 
 
 WORLD'S CONGRESS AUXILIARY. 
 
 The World's Congress Auxiliary is an authorized adjunct of the World's 
 Fair, and aims to supplement the exposition which that will make of the 
 material progress of the world by a portrayal of the " wonderful achieve- 
 ments of the new age in science, literature, education, government, jurispru- 
 dence, morals, charity, religion and other departments of human activity, as 
 the most effective means of increasing the fraternity, progress, prosperity and 
 peace of mankind." Virtually it will be a series of congresses at which 
 the greatest thinkers of the world will discuss questions of universal im- 
 portance. 
 
 The officers are: President, Charles C. Bonney; vice-president, Thomas 
 B. Bryan; treasurer, Lyman J. Gage; secretary, Benjamin Butterworth. 
 Headquarters, Rand-McNally building, Adams St., near LaSalle. 
 
 Division of Work. — Theworkof the World's Congress is divided asfollows: 
 
 1. General Departments. 
 
 2. Divisions of such Departments. 
 
 3. Chapters of such Divisions. 
 
 4. Sections of such Chapters. 
 
 I.— Department of Agriculture. --Benjamin Butterworth, general chair 
 man. General Divisons: 1. General Farm Culture. — Mr. Samuel Allerton 
 chairman. 2. Cereal Industry. — Chairman not yet announced. 3. Animal 
 Industry. — Ex-Gov. W. D. Hoard, chairman. 4. Horticulture. — Mr. J. C 
 Vaughn, chairman. 5. Agricultural Organizations. — Mr. Milton George 
 chairman. 6. Agricultural Education and Experiment. — Prof. Geo. E 
 Morrow, chairman. 7. Governmental Departments of Agriculture. — Chair 
 man not yet announced. 
 
542 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 II.— Department op Art. — Mr. Charles L. Hutchinson, general chair- 
 man. Geueral Divisions: 1, Architecture. — Mr. Daniel H. Burnham, chair- 
 man. 2. Painting.— Mr. O. D. Grover, chairman. 3. Sculpture. — Mr. 
 Lorado Taft, chairman. 4. Decorative Art. — Mr. L. J. Millet, chairman. 
 5. Photographic Art. — Hon. James B. Bradwell, chairman. 6. Illustrative 
 Art. — Not yet organized. 
 
 III. — Department op Commerce and Finance. — Pres. Lyman J. Gage, 
 general chairman General Divisions: 1. Banking and Finance. — Pres. 
 Lymau J. Gage, chairman. 2. Boards of Trade. — Pres. William T. Baker, 
 chairman. 3. Stocks and Bonds. — Mr. Charles Henrotin, chairman. 4. 
 Water Commerce. — Hon. John C. Dore, chairman. 5. Railway Commerce. 
 — Mr. George R. Blanchard, Chairman. 6. Insurance. — Gen. Robert J. 
 Smith, chairman. The Division of Insurance is divided into the following 
 Chapters: 1. Fire Insurance. — Gen. Robert J. Smith, chairman. 2. Marine 
 Insurance. — Capt. Wiley M. Egan, chairman. 3. Life and Accident Insur- 
 ance, with Sections for Mutua. Benefit Associations and Kindred Organiza- 
 tions. — Mr. John H. Nolan, chairman. 4. Insurance Specialties. — Not yet 
 organized. 
 
 IV. Department of Education. — Hon. and Rt. Rev. Samuel Fallows, 
 general chairman. General divisions: 1. Higher education, including univer- 
 sity extension; Pres. William R. Harper, chairman. 2. Public instruction ; 
 Dr. Samuel Fallows, chairman. 3. Music in public schools; Dr. George F. 
 Root, chairman. 4. Instruction of the deaf and dumb; Dr. Philip G. Gillett, 
 chairman. 5. Instruction of the blind; Dr. Frank Hall, chairman. 6. 
 Instruction of the feeble-minded; Dr. W. B. Fish, chairman. 7. Manual and 
 art training schools; Dr. Henry H. Belfield, chairman. 8. Commercial and 
 business colleges, etc.; Principal Henry B. Bryant, chairman. 9. Kinder- 
 garten education (see woman's branch committees). 10. Domestic and eco- 
 nomic education (see woman's branch committees). 11. Agricultural educa- 
 tion; Prof. G. E. Morrow, chairman. 12. Educational authors and pub- 
 lishers; not yet appointed. 13. Youth's school delegate congress; Sup't Leslie 
 Lewis, chairman. 
 
 V. Department of Engineering. Mr. E. L. Corthell, general chair- 
 man. General divisions: 1. Civil engineering. 2. Mechanical engineering. 
 3. Mining engineering. 4. Metallurgical engineering. 5. Electrical engineer- 
 ing. 6. Military engineering. 7. Marine and naval engineering. Note. — 
 The division committees of this department have not yet been appointed. All 
 are at present represented by the general committee. 
 
 VI. Department of Government. (Under the general direction of the 
 President.) General Divisions: 1. Law reform, including international law 
 and the administration of justice — Pres. Henry Wade Rogers, chairman. 2. 
 Political and economic reform — Hon. Thos. W. Palmer, chairman. 3. City 
 government — Hon. Walter Q. Gresham, chairman. 4. Executive adminis- 
 tration — Gov. Joseph W. Fifer, chairman. 5. Intellectual property — Hon. 
 John M. Thacher, chairman. 6. Arbitration and peace. — Hon. Thomas B. 
 Bryan, chairman. 
 
 VII. Department of Literature — Dr. William F. Poole, general 
 chairman. General divisions: 1. Libraries — Librarian. F. H. Hild, chair- 
 man. 2. History and historical societies — Dr. Win. F. Poole, chairman. 3. 
 Philology and literary archaeology — Mr. Wm. Morton Payne, chairman. 4. 
 Authors and imaginative literature — Mr. Fra; cis F. Browne, chairman. 
 
 VIII. Department of Labor. — Mr. Walter Thomas Mills, M. A., gen- 
 
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION". 543 
 
 eral chairmau. General divisions: 1. Historic development of labor. 2. 
 Labor organizations. 3. Conflicts of labor and capital. 4. Labor economics 
 and legislation. 5 Women: her industrial condition and economic depend- 
 ence; social theories and experiments; child labor, etc. 6. Education, Public 
 opinion, progress. 
 
 IX. Department op Medicine. — (Under the general direction of the 
 president.) General Divisions: 1. General medicine and surgery, Dr. 
 Nathan Smith Davis, chairman. 2. Homeopathy, Dr. J. S. Mitchell, chair- 
 man. 3. Public health, Dr. John H. Rauch, chairman. 4. Dentistry, Dr. 
 J. S. Marshall, chairman. 5. Pharrmcy, Prof. Oscar Oldberg, chairman. 
 6. Medical jurisprudence, Dr. Marshall D, Evvell, chairman. 
 
 X. Department of Moral and Social Reform. — Pres. John G. 
 Shortall, general chairman. General divisions: 1. Philanthropy. 2. Pre- 
 vention. 3 Charity. 4. Reform. 
 
 XI. Department of Music — Director Theodore Thomas, General 
 Chairman. General divisions: 1. Orchestral art, Mr. Theodore Thomas, 
 chairman. 2. Choral music and training, Mr. William L. Tomlins, chairman. 
 3. Songs of the people, Dr. George F. Root, chairman. 4. Organ and church 
 music, Mr. Clarence Eddy, chairman. 5. Musical art and literature, Mr. W. 
 S. B. Mathews. 6. Musical criticism and history, Mr. George P. Upton, 
 chairman. 7. Opera homes an I music halls, Mr. Ferd. W. Peck, chairman. 
 
 XII. Department of the Public Press. — Mr. William Penn Nixon, 
 general chairman, General divisions-. 1. r i he daily press. 2. Weeklies and 
 magazines. 3. The religious press, Dr. Simeon Gilbert, chairman. 
 
 XIII. Department of Religion. — Rev. Dr. John Henry Barrows, gen- 
 eral chairman. General divisions [deno i inational]: 1. Baptist, Rev. Dr. P. 
 S. Henson, chairman. 2. Catholic, His Grace Archbishop P. A. Feehan, 
 chairman. 3. Congregational, Rtv. Dr. F. A. Noble, chairman. 4. Chris- 
 tian, Rev. John W. Allen, chairmau. 5. Evangelical Association of North 
 America, Bishop J. J. Esher, chairman. 6. Evangelical Church of North 
 America, not ready for announcement. 7. Friends, Mr. J. W. Plummer, 
 chairman. 8. Jews, Rabbi E. G. Hirsch, chairman. 9. Ludieran General 
 Council, Rev. M. C. Rmseen. chairman. 10. Lutheran General Synod, Rev. 
 L. M. Heilman, chairmau. 11. Lutheran Synodical Conference, Rev. Louis 
 Hoelter, chairman, 12. Methodist Episcopal, Rt. Rev. Bishop S. M. Merrill, 
 chairman. 13. New Jerusalem (Swedeuborgian). Rev. L. P. Mercer, chair- 
 man. 14. Presbyterian, Kev. Dr. John Henry Barrows, chairman. 15. 
 Protestant Episcopal, Rt. Rev. Bishop Win. E. McLaren, chairman. 16. 
 Reformed Church of North America, Rev. A. Heinemann, chairman. 17. 
 Reformed Church of America (Dutch), Rev. W. H. Williamson, chairman. 
 18. Reformed Episcopal, Rt. Rev. Bishop Charles E. Cheney, chairman. 19. 
 Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant in Noith America, Rev. Andrew 
 Hallner, chairman. 20. United Brethren, Bi-hop E. B. Kephart, chairman. 
 21. Unitarian, Rev. Jenkins Lloyd Jonts, chairman. 22. Universalist, Rev. 
 Dr. A. J. Canfield clnirman. 23. Missions, Rev. Walter Manning Barrows, 
 chairman. 24. Evangelical Alliance and Kindred Bodies, not ready for 
 announcement. 
 
 XIV. Department of Science and Philosophy. — Dr. R. N. Foster, 
 general chairman. General divisions: 1. General physics — Dr. Selim II. 
 Peabody, chairman ; 2. mathematics and astronomy — Prof. George W. 
 Hough, chairman; 3. meteorology, including terrestrial magnetism, Prof. 
 Mark W. Harrington, chairman ; 4. geology — Dr. Josua Lindahl, chairman ; 
 
544 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 5. geography — not yet appointed ; 6. chemistry — Prof. John H. Long, chair- 
 man ; 7. electricity — Prof. Elisha Gray, chairman; 8. botany — Prof. Edson 
 S. Bastin, chairman ; 9. zoology — Prof. Stephen A. Forbes, chairman ; 10. 
 microscopy— Regent Thomas J. Burrill, chairman ; 11. Anthropology, 
 including ethnology and archaeology, Prof. F. W. Putman, chairman ; 12. 
 Indian ethnology — Col. P. H. Davidson, chairman ; 13. African ethnology — 
 Rev. J. E. Roy, chairman; 14. psychical science— Col. JohnC. Bundy, chair- 
 man ; 15. philosphy — Dr. R. N. Foster, chairman. 
 
 XV. Department of Temperance. — The Most Rev. Archbishop John 
 Ireland, general chairman. General divisions : 1. Woman's Christian Tem- 
 perance Union. (See Woman's Branch) ; 2. Catholic Temperance Societies ; 
 3. National Temperance Society and allied organizations, including the Sons 
 of Temperance, the Good Templars, the Templars of Honor and Temperance, 
 the Royal Templars of Temperance, the Non-Par tisan W. C. T. U., and other 
 affiliated bodies ; 4. Law and Order Leagues, and other law enforcing organi- 
 zations. 
 
 XVI. General Department. — (Embracing congresses not otherwise 
 assigned.) Sunday Rest Congress. General divisions : 1. physiological rela- 
 tions of the weekly Rest Day ; 2. economic and business relations of the 
 weekly Rest Day; 3. governmental and political relations of the weekly Rest 
 Day ; 4. social and moral relations of the weekly Rest Day ; 5. religious 
 relations of ihe weekly Rest Day. The Sunday Rest Congress will be held in 
 the latter part of September, 1893, at the close of the religious congresses, 
 and will probably be followed by the congresses of the department of labor. 
 The observance of Sunday for religious reasons may be sepaiately assigned to 
 the department of religion. 
 
 Other Congresses Proposed. — Among the other congresses which have been 
 suggested, but for which no definite arrangements have as yet been made, are 
 the following; 
 
 I. A Real Estate Reform Congress. — To promote simplicity, economy 
 and uniformity of conveyances, devises and descents; and to prevent, or at 
 least diminish, the great losses now suffered from mistakes occasioned by the 
 complication and confusion of laws and customs relating to this subject. The 
 frequent and extensive removals of persons from one state or country to 
 another, renders the reforms that might be promoted by this Congress, of 
 extraordinary practical importance. 
 
 Such real estate reform congress may be assigned to the department of 
 government, and be held in connection with the congress of law reform. 
 
 II. Congresses of Fraternal Orders, etc. — Such as Freemasons, 
 Knights Templar, Odd Fellows, and similar organizations. It is very prob- 
 able that more congresses will be proposed than can be accommodated dur- 
 ing the exposition season, and applications for congresses for which no 
 arrangements have yet been made should therefore be submitted without 
 unnecessary delay. 
 
 Advisory Council of the World's Columbian Commission on World's Con- 
 gresses. — Hon. John W. Woodside, Pennsylvania; Hon. Charles H. Jones, 
 Missouri; Hon. Albert A. Wilson, District of Columbia; Hon. John Boyd 
 Thatcher, New York; Hon. John Bennett, Kentucky; Hon. Frederick G. 
 Bromberg, Alabama; Hon. Orson V. Tousley, Minnesota; Hon. Bradley B. 
 Smalley, Vermont. 
 
 Committee of the Directory of ihe World's Columbian Exposition on World's 
 
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 545 
 
 Congresses.— Hon. Franklin H. Head, chairman; Mr. Elbridge G. Keith, Mr. 
 James W. Ellsworth. Advisory members of this committee; Dr. Henry 
 Wade Rogers, president Northwestern University ; Dr. William R. Harper, 
 president University of Chicago. 
 
 The Woman's Branch of the World" s Congress Auxiliary. — Mrs. Potter 
 Palmer, president; Mrs. Charles Henrotin, vice-president. Mixed commit- 
 tees are not appointed, but committees of women are appointed to take 
 action on appropriate subjects. The following are the committees of the 
 Woman's Branch of the Auxiliary, with the chairmen as thus far appointed. 
 The woman's general committee on world's Congresses, Mrs. Potter Palmer, 
 chairman; the woman's world's congress committee of art, Miss Sarah H. 
 Hallo well, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on education, 
 Mrs. Henry M. Wilmarth, chairman; the woman's world's congress commit- 
 tee on manual and art education. Miss Josephine C. Locke, chairman; the 
 woman's world's congress committee on kindergarten education, Mrs. E. W. 
 Blatchford, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on domestic 
 and economic education; the woman's world's congress committee on higher 
 education, Mrs. Harriet C. Brainard, chairman; the woman's world's con- 
 gress committee on government and law reform, Mrs. Myra Bradwell, chair- 
 man; the woman's world's congress committee on literature, Mrs. Charles 
 Henrotin, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on labor, Mrs. 
 J. D. Harvey, chairman; the woman's world's congiess committee on general 
 medicine and surgery, Dr. Sarah Hackett Stevenson, chairman; the woman's 
 world's congiess C( mmittee on homeopathic medicine and surgery, Dr. Julia 
 Holmes Smith, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on public 
 health, Dr. Sarah H. Brayton, chairman; the woman's world's congress com- 
 mittee on dentistry, Dr. H. E. Lawrence, chairman; the woman's world's 
 congress committee on pharmacy, Dr. Ida H. Roby, chairman; the woman's 
 world's congress committee on medical jurisprudence, Dr. Harriet C.B. Alex- 
 ander, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on trained nurses — 
 not ready for announcement; the woman's world's congress committee on 
 moral and social reform, Mrs. J. M. Flower, chairman; the woman's world's 
 congress committee on music, Mrs. George B. Carpenter, chairman; the 
 woman's world's congress committee on the daily press, Miss Mary H. Krout, 
 chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on weeklies and maga- 
 zines, Miss Mary Allen West, chairman; the woman's world's congress com- 
 mittee on religion, Rev. Augusta J. Chapin, chairman; the woman's world's 
 congress committee on science and philosophy, Mrs. Caroline K. Sherman, 
 chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on Indian ethnology, 
 Miss Emma C. Sickels, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee 
 on temperance, Miss Francis E. Willard, chairman; the woman's world's 
 congress committee on municipal order, Mrs. Henry Wade Rogers, chairman; 
 the woman's world's congress committee on household economics, Mrs. John 
 Wilkinson, chairman; the woman's world's congress committee on reception, 
 Mrs. George L. Dunlap, chairman. 
 
 [See Flimi's Hand-Booh of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full 
 information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale 
 everywhere.'] 
 
546 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 GENERAL REVIEW. 
 
 In the spring of 1892 the outlook for the opening of the World's Colum- 
 bian Exposition under the most favorable circumstances could not very well be 
 brighter. Such progress had been made in the construction of the great build- 
 ings, in the laying out of the grounds and in the general advancement of the 
 preparatory work, as to leave no doubt as to the success of this the greatest enter- 
 prize of modern times. The Exposition is under the auspices of the United 
 States government. Its participants include not only the United States gov- 
 ernment and the forty-four States and five Territories of the American Union, 
 but also nearly every foreign government. Its international character was 
 fully assured. 
 
 Foreign Participation. — The foreign nations and colonies which thus far 
 have determined to participate in the Exposition, and the amounts of their 
 appropriations, made or officially proposed, as far as information concerning 
 them has been received at headquarters, are the following: 
 
 Argentine Republic. $100,000 
 
 Austria 149,100 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Bolivia 100,000 
 
 Brazil 600,000 
 
 China 
 
 Chile 100,000 
 
 Columbia 10<),000 
 
 Costa ttica 100,000 
 
 Denmark 
 
 Danish West Indies. . 
 
 Ecuador 125,000 
 
 Egypt (informal) 
 
 France 400,000 
 
 AJgeria 
 
 Germany 214.20P 
 
 Great Britain 125,u00 
 
 Barbadoes 6,000 
 
 British Columbia 
 
 British G uiana .... 25,000 
 
 British Honduras 7,50b 
 
 Cape Colony 25,000 
 
 Ceylon 40,000 
 
 India... .. I Dutch Guiana ...,. .. 10,000 
 
 Jamaica 20,000 1 Dutch West Indies. . . 5,000 
 
 Malta Nicaragua 30,Oju 
 
 Mashonaland 
 
 New South Wales.. . 
 
 New Zealand 
 
 Queensland 
 
 South Australia 
 
 Tasmania — 
 
 Trinidad., 15,000 
 
 Victoria 
 
 West Australia 
 
 Guatemala 120,000 
 
 Hawaii 
 
 Hayti 
 
 Honduras 20,000 
 
 Italy (informal) 
 
 Erythria 
 
 Japan 630,765 
 
 Korea 
 
 Madagascar 
 
 Mexico 750,000 
 
 Netherlands (informal) 
 
 Orange Free State. 
 
 Paraguay 25,000 
 
 Persia 
 
 Peru 125,000 
 
 Russia 
 
 Salvador 12,000 
 
 San Domingo 
 
 Siam . . 
 
 Spain 
 
 Cuba 25,0C0 
 
 Transvaal 
 
 Turkey 
 
 Uruguay 
 
 Venezuela 
 
 Total $4,004,565 
 
 Thirty-nine nations, 
 rwenty-f our colonies. 
 
 Bolivia appropriated $10,000 for preliminary expenses, and authorized its 
 president to draw on the regular diplomatic appropriation for any further sum 
 needed, the whole amount estimated to be necessary being $100,000. Of Ecua- 
 dor's $125,000, the city of Guayaquil furnishes $25,000. Paraguay has author- 
 ized its president to spend whatever sum may be necessary to have the coun- 
 try creditably represented. It is reported that $25,000 of expenditure is con- 
 templated. Mexico has voted $50,000 for preliminary expenses. No doubt 
 is felt that the balance of the 750,000 proposed will be forthcoming. _ It is 
 assured that quite a number of the appropriations named above will be 
 increased. 
 
 Prom information received at Exposition headquarters, it can be said to 
 be next to certain that soon there will be added to the above list Norway and 
 Sweden, Hungary, Switzerland, Canada, and several others. Atalowesti- 
 mUe the total of the appropriations of foreign nations will reach $5,000,000. 
 Nearly all of the participating nations will erect buildings in the Exposition 
 
EXPOSITION. 547 
 
 grounds. Building sites have already been selected for Great Britain, Ger- 
 many, Japan, Turkey, Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Costa 
 Rica, Guatemala and Chile. The buildings of foreign nations will present 
 most varied contrasts in respect to size, architecture and adornment. 
 
 [See FlinrCs Hand-Boole of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full 
 in for niation concerning the above, also illustrations relating thereto. For sale 
 everywhere.'] 
 
 Government Aid and Recognition. — The United States Government has ap- 
 propriated thus far $1,500,000, of which $400,000 was set apart for its build- 
 ing, and $250,000, approximately, has been drawn for the cost of tive sessions of 
 the National Commission, two sessions of the Board of Lady Managers, the 
 salaries of the officers and employes of these two bodies, and the expenses of 
 three special agents of the Treasury Department who were sent to Europe to 
 explain to foreign commissions and governments the regulations of the Depart- 
 ment governing the importation of exhibits. A considerable portion of the 
 remainder has been spent in preparation of the government exhibit by the 
 board having the matter in charge. The congress now in session is expected 
 to appropriate a sum sufficient for the future expenses of the National Com- 
 mission and Lady Managers, and the continued preparation of the govern- 
 ment exhibit, and also about $700,000 for the Exposition awards and the pay- 
 ment of the awarding juries, as obligated by the act of congress creating the 
 National Commission. The government, as elsewhere stated, may be asked, 
 also, to appropriate something for a District of Columbia exhibit, and 
 $5,000,000 in general aid of the Exposition. 
 
 State and Territorial Aid and Recognition — Twenty-six States and two 
 Territories, thus far. have made appropriations for their repres(ntation at the 
 Exposition, as follows: 
 
 New Hampshire $ 25,000 
 
 Arizona $30,000 
 
 California 300,^00 
 
 Colorado 100,000 
 
 Delaware 10,000 
 
 Idaho 20,000 
 
 Illinois 800,000 
 
 Indiana 75,000 
 
 Iowa 50,000 
 
 Maine 40,000 
 
 Massachusetts ... . ■ 75,000 
 
 Michigan 100,000 
 
 Minnesota 50,000 
 
 Missouri 150,000 
 
 Montana 50,000 
 
 Nebraska 50,000 
 
 New Jersey 20,000 
 
 New Mexico 25,000 
 
 North Carolina 25,000 
 
 North Dakota 25,000 
 
 Ohio 100,000 
 
 Pennsylvania 300,000 
 
 Rhode Island 25,000 
 
 Vermont 15,0(0 
 
 Washington 100,000 
 
 West Virginia 40,000 
 
 Wisconsin 65,000 
 
 Wyoming....: 30,000 
 
 Total $2,095,000 
 
 In several of. these States the appropriations made are only preliminary, 
 and will be largely increased. In Iowa, for example, the executive committee 
 of the State commission has prepared estimates aggregating $389,000, and will 
 ask the Legislature to appropriate accordingly. Colorado, Main, Massa- 
 chusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey and West Virginia promise increased appro- 
 priations. In Colorado an additional $50,000, approximately, has been voted 
 by the counties, and in Indiana about $10,000 has been raised by school pupils 
 and teachers. In California, too, some of the counties are supplementing the 
 State appropriation. 
 
 Nine States which, owing to constitutional restriction, or other pro- 
 hibitive reason, made no World's Fair appropriation, have held State conven- 
 tions and formed organizations of the stock-subscription sort for raising the 
 
548 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Oregon $100,000 
 
 South Dakota 80.000 
 
 Tennessee 100,000 
 
 Texas 300,000 
 
 {.mounts deemed necessary for creditable representation. These States, and 
 the sums they are thus laising, are: 
 
 Alabama $ 50,000 
 
 Arkansas 100,100 
 
 Florida 100,000 
 
 Georgia 100,' 00 
 
 Kansas 100,000 
 
 Total * $1,030,000 
 
 The legislatures of several States which have made no provision for repre- 
 sentation are now in session, or soon will be. In Maryland a bill for $100,000 
 is pending. In New York a bill for $250,000 has been introduced, and a 
 second bill for $500,000 is advocated by several influential organizations, 
 which believe that sum necessary for creditable representation. Nearly all of 
 the States and Territories are sure to get into line this winler, for popular 
 sentiment among their people demands it. It is reported that the government 
 will be asked to appropriate $50,000 for the representation of the District of 
 Columbia, and perhaps something for an Alaska exhibit. The aggregate 
 expenditure by the States and Territories is expected to reach $5,000,000. 
 
 Exposition Buildings. — The size and cost of the great Exposition build- 
 ings are indicated in the following table: 
 
 Buildings. 
 
 Manufactures and Liberal Arts. 
 
 Administration 
 
 Mines 
 
 Electricity 
 
 Transportation 
 
 " Annex 
 
 Women's 
 
 Art Galleries 
 
 4k Annexes ( ) 
 
 Fisheries 
 
 " Annexes (2) 
 
 Horticulture 
 
 '"' Greenhouses (8)... 
 
 Machinery 
 
 " Annex 
 
 " Power House 
 
 " Pumping Works 
 
 " Mac bine Shop 
 
 Agriculture 
 
 " Annex 
 
 " Assembly Hall, etc. 
 
 Forestry 
 
 Saw Miil 
 
 Dairy 
 
 Live Stock (3) 
 
 " Pavilion 
 
 Sheds 
 
 Casino 
 
 Music Hall 
 
 U. S. Government 
 
 " Imitation Battleship. 
 
 Illinois State 
 
 Wiugs (2) 
 
 Dimensions 
 in Feet. 
 
 787 
 262 
 350 
 345 
 256 
 425 
 199 
 320 
 120 
 165 
 135 
 250 
 
 24 
 492 
 490 
 100 
 
 77 
 146 
 500 
 300 
 125 
 208 
 125 
 1G0 
 
 65 
 280 
 
 120 
 120 
 
 xl687 
 
 x262 
 
 x700 
 
 x690 
 
 X960 
 
 x900 
 
 x388 
 
 x500 
 
 x200 
 
 x365 
 
 diam'r 
 
 x998 
 
 xKO 
 
 x846 
 
 x550 
 
 x461 
 
 x 84 
 
 x250 
 
 x800 
 
 x550 
 
 x450 
 
 x528 
 
 x300 
 
 x200 
 
 x200 
 
 x440 
 
 X250 
 x250 
 
 345 x415 
 
 69.2t> x 348 
 
 160 x 450 
 
 Area in 
 Acres. 
 
 30 5 
 1.6 
 5 6 
 5.5 
 
 5.6, 
 8.8i 
 1.8 
 8.7 i 
 
 1.1 i 
 1.4 1 
 
 • 8) 
 5.7 
 
 .5 
 9.6! 
 
 6.2 j 
 
 9.2) 
 3.8 I" 
 1.3 
 2.5 
 
 40. 
 
 153.8 
 3.3 
 
 .3 
 1.7 
 
 .3 
 
 159.4 
 
 Cost. 
 
 $1,500,000 
 435,000 
 265,000 
 401,000 
 
 370,000 
 
 138,000 
 
 670,000 
 
 224,000 
 
 300,000 
 25,000 
 
 1,200,000 
 
 85,000 
 
 618,000 
 
 100,000 
 
 100,000 
 
 35,000 
 
 30,000 
 
 385,000 
 *210,000 
 
 $7,041,(00 
 400,000 
 100,000 
 
 250,000 
 
 $7,791,000 
 
 * Including connecting peristyle. 
 
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 
 A. H. ANDREWS' & CO., 2.5 WABASH AVE. 
 
 [See " Guide. "] 
 
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 
 
 549 
 
 The last three are being erected, the first two by the United States Govern- 
 ment, and the third by the State of Illinois. The visitor, however, -will nat- 
 urally class them among the great Exposition structures. 
 
 The Exposition buildings, not including those of the Government and 
 Illinois, have also a total gallery area of 45.9 acres, thus making their total 
 floor space 199.7 acres. The Fine Arts building has 7.885 lineal feet, or 
 145,852 square feet, of wall space. 
 
 All of the annexes will be scarely less imposing and architecturally beau- 
 tiful than the main buildings themselves. The live stock sheds, which will 
 cover an immense area as indicated, are to be constructed as inexpensively as 
 possible without marring the general architectural effect. The power-houses, 
 pumping works, etc., are to be exhibits in themselves, and so constructed as 
 to be readily inspected by visitors. There will be several Exposition build- 
 ings in addition to those named, but data concerning them are not fully 
 determined. Among them will be a Press building, in which every possible 
 convenience and accommodation for the press representatives of the world 
 will be provided; and a reproduction of the Spanish convent, La Rahida, in 
 which a wonderfully complete collection of Columbus relics and allied exhi- 
 bits will be gathered. The total cost of the Exposition structures alone is 
 estimated at $8,000,000. 
 
 Information concerning the State buildings is yet quite incomplete, as but 
 few of the plans have been approved. It is expected that nearly all will 
 erect buildings as State headquarters and receptacles for collective exhibits 
 illustrating their resources. Thus far, data for the buildings of twenty-two 
 States, as projected, have been received at headquarters. These structures, 
 for the most part, will be two stories in height; will average about 50 by 75 
 feet in dimensions, and will cost all the way from $10,000 to $100,000 each. 
 
 [See Flinrts Band- Booh of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full 
 information concerning the above, also illustrations relating thereto. For sale 
 everywhere. ] 
 
 Expenditures in Buildings, etc. — The amount ($8,000,000) which the 
 Exposition Company expects to expend upon buildings represents less than 
 one-half of its total estimated expenditure for the great enterprise. Follow- 
 ing are estimates of various other expenses prepared by the grounds and 
 buildings committee 
 
 Vases, lamps and posts 
 
 Grading, filling, etc $ 450,400 
 
 Landscape gardening. 
 Viaducts and bridges. 
 
 Piers 
 
 Waterway improvements. 
 
 Railways 
 
 Steam plant 
 
 Electricity 
 
 Statuary on buildings... . 
 
 323,490 
 125,000 
 70,000 
 225,0(0 
 500,000 
 800,000 
 1,500,000 
 100,000 
 
 $ 50,000 
 
 8,000 
 
 600,000 
 
 200,000 
 
 200,000 
 
 Seating 
 
 Water supply, sewerage, etc 
 
 Improvement of lake front 
 
 World's Congress Auxiliary 
 
 Construction department expen- 
 ses, fuel, etc 520,000 
 
 Organization and administration 3,308,563 
 
 Operating expenses during Expo- 
 sition 1,550,000 
 
 $10,530,453 
 
 Add to this amount estimated to be necessary for buildings ($8,000,000; 
 and the grand total sum to be expended by the Exposition Companp stands at 
 $18,530,453. This does not include, of course, the expenditure by the United 
 States Government, the States of the Union, or foreign countries. Of this 
 $18,530,453, about $17,000,000 must be paid out before the gates of the Expo- 
 sition are thrown open to the public, on May 1, 1893. The total amount which 
 the Exposition Company has paid out up to date, for all purposes, is $2,779,- 
 
550 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 707. Owing to the present enormous demands of construction, the expenditure 
 is now running at nearly $1,000,000 a month. 
 
 Financial Resources. — In view of the showing given above, a statement 
 of the Exposition's resources will be found interesting in this connection. 
 
 Resources. 
 
 Stock subscriptions — % 5,721,230 
 
 City of Chicago bonds 5,000,c00 
 
 Prospective gate receipts 10,000,000 
 
 Concessions and privileges 1,510, 00 
 
 Salvage 1,500,000 
 
 Interest on deposits 33,452 
 
 Total $23,754,682 
 
 To the resources will be added future interest on bank deposits and 
 future subscriptions to stock. New subscriptions are coming in daily, and 
 the amount which will thus be realized is certain to be large, though how 
 much it will be can now only be surmised. An in Tease of $200,000 from these 
 sources is a safe estimate. On the other hand, some deduction must be made 
 for delinquency in the payment of subscriptions to stock. Thus far, 60 per 
 cent, of the subscribed amounts has been called for, and $3,433,800, or more 
 than 60 psr cent., has been actually paid in, quite a numoer of subscribers 
 having voluntarily paid up in full without waiting for the successive calls. 
 The subscribers number about 30,000. Among subscribers, there have been 
 nearly 500 deaths, and this, together with impoverishment, etc., has caused 
 thus tar a delinquency in collections of between 7 and 8 per cent, of the 
 amount due. This is less than was anticipated. Making a very liberal 
 allowance for delinquencies, the net resources, as estimated, stand, in round 
 numbers, at $23,350,000, or about $4,825,000 in excess of the total estimated 
 necessary expenditure. 
 
 But of the resources the gate receipts, concessions and privileges, and 
 salvage, representing a total of $13,000,000, are not only estimates, but are 
 necessarily prospeciive. They can not be realized even in part until the Expo- 
 sition opens and is in progress. The salvage from the disposal of the buildings 
 can not, of course, be realized until after the Fair closes. It follows that the 
 resources available previous to the opening of the Exposition, by which time, 
 as explained above, $17,000,000, approximately, must be expended, are cut 
 down to about $10,750,000. It will be seen that about $6,250,000 must be pro- 
 vided for in some manner. Accordingly the United States Government maybe 
 asked to aid the Exposition by taking a financial interest in it to the extent of 
 $5,000,000. In view of the fact that the National Commission, representing the 
 Government, in adopting the classification of exhibits, made the scope of the 
 Exposition so extensive that, as the Exposition Directory has found, it could 
 not possibly be creditably fulfilled within the expenditure of the $1,000,000 
 which was at first deemed sufficient — and which Chicago has provided, 
 according to promise — it is believed that Congres will consider it incumbent 
 upon the Government, both in point of actual obligation and that the national 
 honor may be maintained before the world, to provide the means for meeting 
 the excess of expenditure which the action of its representative rendered 
 necessary. With such assistance, to the extent of $5,000,000, the Exposi- 
 tion Company believes it will be able to meet all demands. 
 
 [See Flinrts Hand-Booh of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full 
 information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale 
 everyiohere. ] 
 
WOKLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 551 
 
 Progress of Construction. — In April, 1892, the buildings of the Exposition 
 had been so far advanced as to fully justify the prediction that they would 
 all be in readiness for the inauguration ceremonies in October. The amount of 
 work accomplished was simply marvelous. The actual erection of the Expo- 
 sition buildings began in June, 1891. At this writing some of them are 
 practically completed, while four thousand workmen are engaged in the com- 
 pletion of the remainder. The scene at the Exposition grounds is one that 
 will amize the visitor. Never before on this continent has such a sight been 
 witnessed. The visitor may reach the exterior of the Exposition grounds by 
 taking a Cottage Grove avenue cable car to 57th street (fare 5 cents) or a 
 park phieton at the entrance to Drexel Boulevard (fare 35 cents). He will be 
 carried by the northern end of the Exposition grounds, and from points on 
 Midway Plaisance and Jackson Park may obtain views of the great build- 
 ings. At Jackson Park he may take a trip on the "Moveable sidewalk," which 
 is elevated about twenty feet above the park (fare 10 cents), from which he 
 will obtain a better view. _ Guides will point out the different buildings, and 
 give other information of interest to the stranger. Following may be said to 
 be the condition of the work upon the various buildings as this volume goes 
 to press: 
 
 Woman's Building. — This is practically completed. It has all the 
 appearance of a marble palace and is one of the handsomest structures on the 
 grounds. It is the first that will be seen by the visitor approaching from 
 Midway Plaisance. 
 
 Mines Building. — Frame work and iron and glass roof completed. 
 Exterior "staff " work almost finished. 
 
 Electricity Building. — Frame work completed. The roof being 
 finished. 
 
 Horticultural Building. — Pavilions completed. West curtain of roof 
 and windows in position. Iron work of dome in position and exterior orna- 
 mentation begun. 
 
 Transportation Building. — Practically completed. Yery little more 
 to be done. 
 
 Administration Building. — One of the crowning glories of the group. 
 Structural work completed. "Staff" work almost finished. Iron work of 
 great dome 170 feet from the ground, in position. 
 
 Machinery Hall. — This mammoth structure is in a fair stage of com- 
 pletion; 6,000 supporting piers in position, superstructure advanced; founda- 
 tion for annex laid and work advanced on the building. 
 
 Agricultural Buildtng. — Interior columns and gallery girders in 
 position and great iron columns supporting the roof placed. This build- 
 ing will consume 7.000.000 feet of lumber when completed. Over two-thirds 
 of this has been utilized. 
 
 Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building. — The thirty and a half 
 acres of flooring laid and superstructure rapidly approaching completion. 
 The huge steel trusses for the roof which will contain more metal by 50 per 
 cent, than the Brooklyn bri jge are being raised into position. 
 
 Art Galleries. — Basement floor and brick walls completed. The 
 structure in a very advanced stage of completion. 
 
 Fisheries Building. — Almost completed; exterior work commenced; 
 interior work progressing rapidly. 
 
 Forestry Building. — Practically completed ; now being occupied by 
 the model makers ; outside rustic woik being put on ; temporary roof being 
 replaced by a thatched one. 
 
552 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Dairy Building. — Almost completed. 
 
 The Illinois building, the United States Government building and the 
 Batth ship are far advanced. Other buildings, state and foreign, are under 
 way and will be completed early in the summer. The grounds are all laid 
 out aud the work of the landscape gardeners is progressing rapidly. 
 
 Insurance is placed and increased on the buildings as their construction 
 proceeds. The amount now carried isabove $1,000,000. During the Exposi- 
 tion, it is estimated not less than $150,000,000 or $200,000,000 of insurance 
 will be carried on the buildings and exhibits. 
 
 All possible precautions are taken against fire. The Exposition grounds 
 are already provided with a full equipment of fire engines arid apparatus. 
 
 In the construction of the buildings about 60,000,000 feet of lumber and 
 18,000 tons of steel and iron will be used. In their adornment will be utilized 
 nearly 84,000 pieces of ornamental "staff" work, of which about one-third are 
 already completed. 
 
 [See Flinn's Hand- Book of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full 
 information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale 
 everywhere.] 
 
 Water, Sewerage, Lighting, etc. — To supply the Exposition buildings and 
 grounds with water two plants aie being put in, one with capacity of 24,000,- 
 000 gallons a day, and the other of 40,000,000 gallons. Thus 64,000,000 
 gallons a day will be available. The pumping works and all of the great 
 machinery furnishing power to the Exposition will be open to the inspection 
 of visitors. 
 
 A system for drainage, believed to be adequate and perfect, has been 
 adopted. Perfect sewerage, too, is planned. All refuse from the cafes and 
 kitchens, and from the lavatories and closets, of which 6,500 will be con- 
 structed at an expense of some $450,000, will be received by injectors, and 
 forced by compressed air through underground pipes into four huge tanks, 
 where it will be treated chemically and rendered entirely inoffensive. Work 
 upon these systems is progressing. 
 
 Plans adopted for lighting the buildings and grounds provide for 138,218 
 electric lamps, of which 6,766 are to be arc lamps of 2,000 candle-power each, 
 and 131,452 incandescent, 16 candle-power each. The electric lighting will 
 cost something like $1,500,000 and will be ten times as extensive as was 
 employed at the Paris Exposition. The light and motive plant at the Expo- 
 sition, it is estimated, will require 26,000 horse-power, of which 22,000 will 
 be required for the electric plant. 
 
 Transportation Matters. — Transportation to and from the Exposition, 
 both for visitois and exhibits, will be as perfect as it is possible to make it, 
 both iu the matter of facilities and rates. Greatly reduced rates on all rail- 
 roads and some of the steamship lines will prevail. Definite arrangements 
 are yet to be perfected. Much attention is being given to the question of 
 furnishing abundant facilities for reaching the grounds from all parts of 
 Chicago, and it can be asserted that existing means, already extensive, will be 
 increased so that a maximum of 400,000 a day can be carried to and from the 
 grounds. For the transportation of exhibits arrangements have already been 
 made with nearly 500 railway and steamship lines, including all of the trunk 
 railroads and more important lines in the United States. Of these transporta- 
 tion lines, 417 have agreed to charge regular tariff rates on exhibits to the 
 
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 553 
 
 Exposition, and to return them to starting points free of charge, provided 
 their ownership remains unchanged. Thirty-seven have agreed to charge half 
 regular rates both ways, and thirty-three have promised to transport them 
 free both to and from the Exposition. The Atlantic Transport Line of 
 steamers, which runs freight steamships between London and New York, 
 Philadelphia and Baltimore, will make no charge on exhibits in either direc- 
 tion, except on such as, owing to their excessive size or weight, require extra 
 help in their handling. In such cases only the expense of the extra help will 
 be charged. Foreign exhibits will be admitted free of all duty. Such exhibits, 
 however, if sold in this country, will be subject to payment of regular customs 
 duties. 
 
 [See F linn's Hand-Book of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full 
 information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale 
 everywhere. ] 
 
 World's Congress Auxiliary. — This constitutes the intellectual and moral 
 branch of the Exposition. Its motto is, "Not Matter, but Mind." and it is 
 organized to provide for the presentation, by papers, addresses and discus- 
 sion, of the mental and moral status and achievements of the human race. 
 Under its auspices, a series of congresses will be held in Chicago during the 
 progress of the Exposition, in which, it is already assured, will participate a 
 great many of the ablest living representatives in the various fields of intel- 
 lectual effort and moral endeavor. The auxiliary embraces between fifteen 
 and twenty main departments, such as literature, government, education, 
 music, science, art, engineering, etc., in each of which are subdivisions. A 
 program is being arranged for congresses in each of these departments and 
 divisions, in which specialists and advanced thinkers may participate in dis- 
 cussing the vital and important questions, and presenting the best and latest 
 achievements of the human mind in each. During the Exposition the auxil- 
 iary will have the use of a magnificent permanent art palace, which the Chi- 
 cago Art Institute, aided by the Exposition Directory, is about erecting on 
 the like front. This will have two large audience rooms, each of 3,500 
 capacity, and from twenty to thirty smaller rooms, of capacity ranging from 
 300 to 750. The great Auditorium will also be utilized for the larger con- 
 gresses, and numerous other halls are available when required. Each con- 
 gress will be supervised by a committee of persons actively interested in its 
 particular field, acceptance of such responsibility having already been given. 
 The prospects are that fully 100 congresses altogether will be held. It is the 
 intention to publish their proceedings in enduring form. Detailed informa- 
 tion concerning the auxiliary, or any of its departments or divisions, can be 
 obtained of its president, Charles C. Bonney. 
 
 Board of Lady Managers. — The participation of women in the Exposition 
 promises to be one of its most interesting as well as novel features. With a 
 commodious arjd imposing building, designed by a young lady architect, and 
 with an abundance of money, and with full recognition, indorsement, and aid 
 by the United States Government and the Exposition Directory, the women 
 have an opportunity of showing in the most signal manner, the condition of 
 their sex throughout the world, what are the achievements of woman in the 
 various branches of human endeavor, and what is her adaptability to different 
 occcupations and lines of industrial and charitable work. Under the direc- 
 tion of the Board's president — Mrs. Potter Palmer — the work of organization, 
 and of enlisting the interest of women throughout the United States and in 
 foreign countrie *, has progressed to a most satisfactory stage. 
 
554 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 General Information. — Jackson Park and Midway Plaisance. — Jackson 
 Park and Midway Plaisance — the Exposition site — are in the southeastern 
 part of Chicago, and embrace 664 acres, with a frontage of about a mile and 
 a half on Lake Michigan. Forty five miles of boulevard connect the site 
 with the general park system of Chicgao, which embraces fifteen or more 
 parks, aggregating 2,000 acres. 
 
 Preparing Jackson Park. — Half a million dollars has already been 
 expended in grading Jackson Park and dredging extensive waterways 
 throughout it. Hundreds of thousands are yet to be spent for landscape gar- 
 dening, fountains, statuary, pleasure boats, etc. A number of observation 
 towers, from which excellent views of the buildings and grounds can be 
 obtained, will be erected in different parts of the Park. 
 
 Restaurants and Cafes. — According to present plans fully 150 restau- 
 rants and cafes will be in operation in the various buildings and about the 
 grounds. These will be conveniently distributed, and will have an estimated 
 aggregate seating capacity of 6,000 or 8,000. 
 
 Special Exposition Features. — Midway Plaisance, connecting Jackson 
 Park with Washington Park, will be occupied throughout its entire length by 
 special Exposition features largely of a foreign character, such as the 
 "Bazaar of All Nations," " Street in Cairo," "Street in Constantinople," 
 "Moorish Palace," "Maori Village," etc., to which concessions have been 
 granted, and which, in their production, will represent the expenditure of 
 hundreds of thousands of dollars. Panoramas, cycloramas, the sliding rail- 
 way, etc. , will also be located there. 
 
 Entrance Fee. — A single entrance fee, probably 50 cents, will entitle 
 visitors to see the entire Exposition proper. The special attractions on Mid- 
 way Plaisance will make a moderate additional charge. 
 
 Hotel Accommodation. — The hotel accommodations of Chicago, already 
 very extensive, are being augmented by the erection of fully twenty new 
 hotels, some of which are very large. Two million dollars or more are to be 
 spent by the city and the park commissioners in putting the streets, parks, 
 etc., in presentable condition against the influx of visitors. 
 
 Exhibits. — It may be said to be assured that the exhibits at the Exposi- 
 tion will cover a wider range and be far more numerous than were ever before 
 gathered together. They will present a picture of the condition and indus- 
 trial progress of mankind in every quarter of the world, and of its achieve- 
 ments in every branch of the sciences and arts. The Exposition classifica- 
 tion embraces 12 departments, 176 groups and 967 classes. The application 
 for space by intending exhibitors in the United States alone numbered 2,082 
 on January 1st. The number at the Philadelphia Centennial on correspond- 
 ing date was 864. Applications from foreign exhibitors are reported very 
 numerous and rapidly increasing. It seems assured that exhibitors will out- 
 number those at any previous world's fair. The allotment of space will be 
 made about June. The reception of exhibits will begin November 1, 1892, 
 and continue until April 10, 1893. No charge will be made for space for 
 exhibits. 
 
 Dedicatory Ceremonies. — The Exposition buildings, as required by Act 
 of Congress, will be dedicated "with appropriate ceremonies," on October 12, 
 1892, the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America by Columbus. The 
 exercises will occupy three days, beginning on the 11th and closing on the 
 13th with a grand dedication ball. The committee having the matter in 
 charge has planned to make the ceremonies most impressive in character 
 
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION". 555 
 
 Something like $300,000 will be spent to secure this end. The President of 
 the United States and his Cabinet, the Senate and House of Representatives, 
 the Governors of the several States with their staffs, and representatives of all 
 foreign nations will be invited to be present. The mobilization of 10,000 
 militia and several thousand regulars is planned, as is also an imposing civic 
 and industrial display. In the eveniDgs there will be a magnificent display of 
 fireworks, and in the Park waterways a pageant of symbolical floats, repre- 
 senting the "Procession of the Centuries." In the dedicatory exercises on 
 the 12th, the completed buildings will be tendered by the President of the 
 Exposition 1o the National Commission. President T. W. Palmer will accept 
 them on behalf of that body and will at once present them to the President of 
 the United States, who will fittingly respond. The dedicatory oration will 
 follow. Much attention is being given to the musical portion of the pro- 
 gramme. This will include a dedicatory ode and orchestra marches written 
 for the occasion. These and other numbers, including "America" and 
 " Star-Spangled Banner" will be rendered with full choral and orchestral 
 accompaniment. 
 
 Naval Review. — In April, 1893, a grand international naval review, 
 preliminary to the opening of the Exposition, as provided for by Act of Con- 
 gress, will be held in New York harbor. Arrangements for this are now 
 being made. 
 
 [See Flinn's Hand-Booh of the WorloVs Columbian Exposition, for full 
 information concerning the above; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale 
 everywhere.'] 
 
 PRELIMINARY WORK. 
 
 Selection of Chicago.— The, idea of holding a World's Fair at some point 
 in the United States, in celebration of the 400th anniversary of the discovery 
 of America by Columbus, was first seriously considered in the summer of 
 1889, and it quickly received popular approval. As soon as it seemed prob- 
 able that such a Fair would beheld, several cities, notably New York, Chicago, 
 St. Louis and Washington, entered into a spirited rivalry to be designated as 
 the place of its location, and urged their respective claims before Congress 
 with all the force and influence they could command. It was apparent from 
 the start, almost, that either New York or Chicago would be selected. 
 Chicago, with characteristic energy, formed an organization — the World's 
 Columbian Exposition — embracing its most substantial business men, raised 
 more than $5,000,000 by subscription, and pledged itself to increase the 
 amount to $10,000,000, to be expended in behalf of the Fair. Chicago's 
 superiority in many respects as a place for holding the Exposition was 
 admitted, and on the first ballot this city led New York by more than 40 
 votes. It captured the prize on the eighth ballot, receiving 157 votes to 107 
 for New York, 25 for St. Louis and 18 for Washington. The disappointment 
 of its rivals soon wore off, and the selection of Chicago has now almost uni- 
 versal approval. 
 
 Act of Congress. — The Act of Congress providing for the Fair wa8 
 approved by President Harrison, April 25, 1890, and begins as follows; 
 
556 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Whereas, It is fit and appropriate that the four hundredth anniversary of the dis- 
 covery of America be commemorated by an exhibition of the resources of the United 
 States of America, their development, and of the progress of civilization in the new 
 world; and 
 
 Whereas, Such an exhibition should be of a national and international character, so 
 that not only the people of our Union, and this Continent, but those of all nations, as 
 well, can participate, and should, therefore, have the sanction of the Congress of the 
 United States; therefore, 
 
 Be it enacted, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of 
 America, in Congress assembled, that an exhibition of arte, industries, manufactures, 
 and product of the soil, mine and sea shall be inaugurated in the year eighteen hundred 
 and ninety -two, in the City of Chicago, in the State of Illinois, as hereafter provided. 
 
 The act then goes on with provisions, as summarized below, relative to 
 the conduct of the Exposition. It provides for a national supervisory body, 
 known - as the World's Columbian Commission, to be appointed by the Presi- 
 dent, composed of two commissioners and two alternates from each State and 
 Territory and the District of Columbia, and eight commissioners and eight 
 alternates at large, the commissioners and alternates from the States and 
 Territories to be appointed upon nomination by their respective governors. 
 
 Power of Commission. — This Commission was empowered to accept such 
 site for the Exposition and such plans and specifications for buildings as the 
 local organization might determine upon and tender, provided said site and 
 plans were deemed adequate, and it was first satisfied that the local organiza- 
 tion had secured bona fide subscriptions to the amount of $5,000,000, and there 
 was assured an additional $5,000,000 for Exposition purposes. It was also 
 empowered to allot space for exhibitors, prepare a classification of exhibits, 
 determine the plan and scope for the Exposition, award premiums, and gen- 
 erally have charge of all intercourse with the exhibitors and representatives 
 of foreign nations. In point of fact, a large share of these duties will really 
 be performed by the local organization, under approval of the national body. 
 The Commission was required also to appoint a board of Lady Managers for 
 the Exposition, and to provide for the dedication, with appropriate cere- 
 monies, of the Exposition buildings, on the 12th day of October, 1892. 
 
 Proclamation. — By the act, the President of the United States, when 
 satisfied that the local corporation had made provision for suitable grounds 
 and buildings, and had raised or provided for, a sum of not less than $10,000,- 
 000 for Exposition purposes, was directed to make proclamation of such facts 
 and to invite foreign nations to take part in said Exposition, said proclama- 
 tion to be communicated to the diplomatic representatives of foreign nations 
 for publication in their respective countries. The President was also directed 
 to hold a naval review in New York harbor in April, 1893, and to extend to 
 foreign nations an invitation to send ships of war to join the United States 
 navy in rendezvous at Hampton Roads and proceed thence to said review. 
 
 Dutiable Articles Exhibited — The Act specifies that all dutiable articles 
 imported to be exhibited, and not intended for sale, shall be admitted free 
 of duty and customs fees, and that such articles may be sold only subject to 
 the established duties and under such regulations as the Secretary of the 
 Treasury shall prescribe. 
 
 Government Exhibits. — The Government of the United States is required 
 to exhibit, from its executive departments, Smithsonian Institution, Fish 
 Commission, and National Museum "such articles and materials as illus- 
 trate the function and administrative faculty of the government in time of 
 peace, and its resources as a war power, tendiing to demonstrate the nature of 
 
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company."] 
 
 M. A. RICHARDSON, JR., & CO., WASHINGTON BD. & CURTIS ST. 
 
 [See "Guide."] 
 
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 557 
 
 our institutions and their adaptation to the. wants of the people." The Presi- 
 dent is required to appoint a board to prepare and care for this exhibit, and 
 the Secretary of the Treasury is directed to provide a suitable building to 
 coDtain it, at an expense not exceeding $400,000. As a part of the govern- 
 ment exhibit the Secretary of the Treasury is required to establish and fully 
 equip a life-saving statioD, such as is in operation at various points on the 
 coast of the United States. For the government exhibit entire and for the 
 buildings to contain it, the Act appropriates $1,500,000. Such are the chief 
 provisions of the act. 
 
 Organization. — Immediately upon the passage of the act, the work of 
 organizing and preparation was begun, and it has proceeded since as rapidly 
 as the many obstacles incident to such a great undertaking would permit. 
 From time to time difficulties and conflict of authoiity, threatening to be 
 serious, arose between the National Commission and the Local Directory, 
 but each one has been adjusted satisfactorily, and now harmony prevails and 
 the work of preparation is going on smoothly and rapidly. 
 
 President's Proclamation. — In due time the National Commission reported 
 to the President of the United States; who, upon its recommendation, issued 
 this proclamation and invitation to the nations of the earth: 
 By the President of the United States of America: 
 
 A PROCLAMATION. 
 
 Whereas, Satisfactory proof has been presented to me that provision has been 
 made for the adequate grounds and buildings for the uses of the World's Columbian 
 Exposition, and that a sum not less than $>1U,U0U,000, to be used and expended for the 
 purposes of said Exposition, has been provided in accordance with the conditions and 
 requirements of section 10 of an act, entitled "An Act to provide for celebrating the 
 four-hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus by 
 holding an International exhibition of arts, industries, manufactures and the products 
 of the soil, mine and sea, in the city of Chicago, in the State of Illinois," approved April 
 25, 1890. 
 
 Now, therefore, I, Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States, by virtue 
 of the authority vested in me by said Act, do hereby declare and proclaim that such 
 International Exhibition will be opened on the first day of May, in the year eighteen 
 hundred and ninety-three, in the city of Chicago, in the State of Illinois, and will not 
 be closed before the last Thursday in October of the same year. 
 
 And in the name of the Government and of the people of the United States, I do 
 hereby invite all the nations of the earth to take part in the commemoration of an 
 event that is pre-eminent in human history and of lasting interest to mankind, by 
 appointing representatives thereto, and sending such exhibits to the World's Colu mbian 
 Exposition as will most fitly and fully illustrate their resources, their industries and 
 their progress in civilization. 
 
 In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the 
 United States to be affixed. 
 Do Lie at the city of Washington this twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of 
 
 our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and ninety, and the independence of 
 the United States the one hundred and fifteenth. 
 By the President : Benjamin Harrison. 
 
 James G. Blaine, Secretary of State. 
 
 This proclamation, accompanied by a letter of the Secretary of State, 
 regulations for foreign exhibitors, regulations of the Secretary of the 
 Treasury governing the free importation of exhibits, and the prospectus of a 
 proposed World's Congress Auxiliary of the World's Columbian Exposition, 
 was sent to the following countries early in January: Argentine Republic, 
 Siberia, Austria-Hungary, Mexico, Belgium, Netherlands, Paraguay and 
 Uruguay, Brazil, Persia, Peru, Guatemala, Portugal, Salvador. Roumania, 
 Nicaragua, Russia, Honduras, Servia, Costa Rica, Siam, Chili, Spain, 
 China, Sweden and Norway, Colombia, Switzerland, Corea, Turkey, Den- 
 mark, Venezuela, Ecuador, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hawaiian 
 Islands, Italy, Japan. 
 
558 " GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 World's Congress Auxiliary. — The World's Congress Auxiliary, referred 
 to above, is an authorized adjunct of the World's Fair, and aims to supple- 
 ment the exposition which that will make of the material progress of the 
 world by a portrayal of the "wonderful achievements of the new age in 
 science, literature, education, government, jurisprudence, morals, charity, 
 religion and other departments of human activity, as the most effective 
 means of increasing the fraternity, progress, prosperity and peace of man- 
 kind." Virtually it will be a series of congresses at which the greatest 
 thinkers of the world will discuss, among other themes, the following: 
 
 I. The grounds of fraternal union in the language, literature, domestic life, 
 religion, science, art and civil institutions of different peoples. 
 
 II. The economic, industrial and financial problems of the age. 
 
 III. Educational systems, their advantages and their defects; and the means by 
 which they may best be adapted to the recent enormous increase in all departments of 
 knowledge. 
 
 IV. The practicability of a common language, for use in the commercial rela- 
 tions of the civilized world. 
 
 V. International copyright and the laws of intellectual property and commerce. 
 
 VI. Immigration and naturalization laws, and the proper international privi- 
 leges of alien governments, and their subjects, or citizens. 
 
 VII. The most efficient and advisable means of preventing or decreasing pau- 
 perism, insmity and crime; and of increasing productive ability, prosperity and vir- 
 tue throughout the world. 
 
 VI [I. International law as a bond of union and a means of mutual protection; 
 and how it may best be enlarged, perfected and authoritatively expressed. 
 
 IX. The establishment of the principles of judicial justice, as the supreme law of 
 international relations, and the general substitution of arbitration for war in the set- 
 tlement of international controversies. 
 
 The Site Agreed Upon. — Jackson park, where the greater number of the 
 Exposition buildings are to be, is beautifully situated on the lake shore seven 
 miles southeast of the City Hall, and embraces 586 acres. Washington park is 
 a mile or more nearer and has 371 acres. Midway Plaisance has 80 acres. 
 Thus a total of 1,037 acres is available for the Exposition. The spacious 
 grounds of the Washington Driving Park Association, adjoining Washington 
 park on the south, will be used for certain stock exhibits. Upon these parks 
 previous to their selection as the World's Fair site $4,000,000 was spent in 
 laying out the grounds and beautifying them by lawns, flower-beds, shrub- 
 bery, etc. The Exposition people will spend more than $1,000,000 in their 
 further preparation. The contract for grading alone has been let at $397,000. 
 These parks are connected with the center of the city and with the general 
 park and boulevard system by more than thirty-five miles of boulevards 
 from 100 to 300 feet in width. A description of the parks and boulevards 
 will be found elsewhere in this volume. The projected improvements include 
 additional walks and driveways, lakes, canals, fountains, statuary, a pier 
 extending 1,500 feet into the lake, etc. 
 
 Special Attractions. — Among the many special attractions contemplated, 
 which are outside of what may be considered the regular range of exhibits, 
 may be mentioned a tower higher than the Eiffel, an $800,000 water palace, a 
 naval exhibit including a reproduction of the Columbus fleet, a mine several 
 hundred feet deep, pleasure boats propelled by electricity, captive balloons, a 
 reproduction of an ancient Roman dwelling of the time of Pompeii, a Japan- 
 ese village, a National portrait gallery, a band congress, and a children's 
 chorus of 1,000 voices. Attractions of this sort will be chiefly of a private or 
 semi-private proprietorship, as was the Eiffel tower at the Paris Exposition. 
 
WORLD'S COLUMBIA X EXPOSITION. 559 
 
 Transportation. — The facilities for reaching the Exposition from all parts 
 of the city will be greatly increased by the time the opening occurs. They 
 will include steam, electric and horse railways, cable cars, elevated roads, an 
 extensive carriage and cab service, steamboat lines on the lake, and, perhaps, 
 other means. An enormous attendance is anticipated, and it is the intention 
 to provide not only ample transportation facilities, but every accommodation 
 on the grounds for the convenience and comfort of visitors, no matter how 
 numerous they may be. Police regulations will be as perfect as they can be 
 m ade. 
 
 Headquarters. — The headquarters of the World's Columbian Exposition 
 are, at present, in the Rand-McNally building on Adams street, occupying 
 three of the great floors. There are the offices of the National Commission, the 
 Local Directory, the Lady Managers, the World's Congress Auxiliary, the 
 chiefs of the several departments, committee rooms, etc., etc. No business 
 house in the city presents more the appearance of a hive of industry than do 
 the Exposition offices. The department of publicity and promotion is most 
 busy of all. Upon it devolves the work of placing the Exposition — its pur- 
 pose, scope, condition, prospects, and expected beneficial effects— favorably 
 before the eyes of the civilized world. Scarcely a day passes on which less 
 than from 2,000 to 3,000 mail packages, containing information on the above 
 points, are sent out from this department. 
 
 [See F Kurt's Hand-Booh of the World's Columbian Exposition, for full 
 information concerning the aoove; also illustrations relating thereto. For sale 
 everywhere.'] 
 
 ATTRACTIONS OF THE EXPOSITION, ETC. 
 
 A description of the thousands of attractions proposed and secured for 
 the World's Columbian Exposition, together with information of a general 
 character for the exhibitor and the visitor, with a guide to the Exposition 
 grounds, full descriptions of buildings, etc , require a volume. Such a vol- 
 ume has been compiled by Mr. John J. Flinn, compiler of the Standard 
 Guide to Chicago. It is called the " Hand Book of the World's Columbian 
 Exposition," and consists of about 400 pages, profusely illustrated with 
 beautiful engravings (specimens of which appear in this volume) of every 
 building on the Exposition grounds, with scenes and miscellaneous informa- 
 tion concerning the World's Fair and contains thousands of facts of interest 
 to the visitor. In addition a large amount of matter is contained in this vol- 
 ume covering the various other attractions of Chicago. The whole is supple- 
 mented with a condensed Guide to Chicago, which must prove invaluable to 
 the stranger. This volume is on sale everywhere throughout the civilized 
 world. 
 
HAND BOOK 
 
 OK 
 
 '" "- 1 T r --- !1! 
 
 WRITTEN AND COMPILED BY. 
 
 JOHN" J. T y XJI3<T2<T 
 
 [Compiler of The Standard Guide]. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED . . . 
 
 With Photo-Gravure Engravings of every Build- 
 ing on the Exposition Grounds, Scenes, etc. 
 
 A COMPLETE GUIDE FOR THE STRANGER. 
 
 Paper Cover, fully illustrated Price, 50 cents 
 
 Cloth Cover, fully illustrated Price, 75 cents 
 
 Morocco Cover, fully illustrated Price, $1.00 
 
 A MILLION COPIES WILL BE SOLD. 
 
 FREQUENT REVISED EDITIONS. 
 JILL ADVERTISEMENTS TO RUN UNTIL CLOSE OF EXPOSITION. 
 
 Per Page, Body of Book $200.00 
 
 Per Page, Front of Book 100.00 
 
 Per Page, Back of Book 50.00 
 
 THE STANDARD GUIDE COMPANY, 
 
 358 DfARBORN ST., CHICAGO, U.S.A. 
 
PART V. 
 
 THE GUIDE. 
 
 Before your train reaches the city you will be approached by one of Parmelee's 
 agents, who will, if you desire it, take up your railroad baggage checks, giving you 
 receipts for the same, and undertake to deliver your trunk to any hotel or any part of 
 the city within the old limits for fifty cents. Each additional trunk, twenty-five cents. 
 For fifty cents additional he will give you a ticket which wi.l entitle you to transfer 
 by omnibus to any other railroad depot, or to any hotel in the center of the city. The 
 Parmelee company is perfectly responsible and its agents may be trusted fully. The 
 stranger arriving in Chicago for the first time, if in doubt as to the course to be pur. 
 fcued, in leaving the train should consult the uniformed depot agents, or depot police- 
 men, who may be depended upon for reliable information. Hansom cabs, coupes, 
 hacks, carriages, etc., stand outside every depot. Before entering a vehicle make an 
 arrangement with the driver, in order that there may be no misunderstanding after- 
 ward. 
 
 Hack and Cab Rates.— The rates of fare for hacks, according to city ordinances, are 
 as follows: 
 
 For conveying one or two passengers from one railroad depot to another railroad 
 depot, one dollar. 
 
 For conveying one or two passengers not exceeding one mile, one dollar. 
 
 For conveying one or two passengers any distance over one mile and less than two 
 miles, one dollar and fifty cents. 
 
 For each additional two passengers of the same party or family, fifty cents. 
 
 For conveying one or two passengers any distance exceeding two miles, two 
 dollars. 
 
 For each additional passenger of the same party or family, fifty cents. 
 
 For conveying children between five and fourteen years of age, half the above 
 price may be charged for like distance; but for children under five years of age, no 
 charge shall be made- providing that the distance from any railroad depot, steamboat 
 landing or hotel to any other railroad depot, steamboat landing or hotel shall, in all 
 cases, be estimated as not exceeding one mile. 
 
 For the use per day of any hackney coach or other vehicle, drawn by two horses 
 or other animals, with one or more passengers, eight dollars. 
 
 For the use of any such carriage or vehicle by the hour, with one or more passen- 
 gers, with the privilege of going from place to place and stopping as often as may be 
 required, as follows: For the first hour, two dollars; for each additional hour or part 
 of an hour, one dollar. 
 
 Every passenger shall be allowed to have conveyed upon each vehicle, without 
 charge, his ordinary traveling baggage, not exceeding in any case one trunk and 
 twenty-five pounds of other baggage. For every additional package, where the whole 
 weight of baggage is over one hundred pounds, if conveyed to auy place within 
 the old city limits, the owner or driver shall be permitted to charge fifteen cents. 
 
 Ra+es of fa-e for hansom cabs and other one-horse vehicles are regulated by city 
 ordinance as follows : 
 
 The prises or rates of fare to be asked or demanded by the owners or drivers of 
 cabs or other vehicles drawn by one horse or other animal for the conveyance of pas- 
 sengers for hire shall be nor more than as follows" : 
 
 One mile or fraction thereof, for each passenger for the first mile, twenty-five 
 cents. 
 
 One mile or fraction thereof, for any distance after first mile, for one or more 
 passengers, twenty-five c nts. 
 
 For the first hour, seventy -five cents. 
 
 For each quarter-hour additional after first hour, twenty cents. 
 
 For service outside of city limits and in the parks, for the first hour, one dollar. 
 
 For each quarter-hour additional after the first hour, twenty-five cents. 
 
 561 
 
562 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 The provision regarding amount of baggage allowed free, and rates of charge for 
 excess is the same as in the Hack Ordinance. 
 
 The following rates of fare should be posted conspicuously in every Hansom 
 cab: 
 
 One mile or less, for each passenger, twenty-five cents. 
 
 Each additional mile or fraction thereof, one or two passengers, twenty-five 
 cents. 
 
 For one stop or wait of not over five minutes no charge will be made. 
 
 For over five minutes, or more than one stop or wait, ten cents will be charged 
 for each ten minutes or part thereof. 
 
 Packages too large to be carried inside will be charged ten cents. 
 
 For one or two persons, per hour, within four mile limit, seventy-five cents. 
 
 For each quarter-hour additional, or fra '.tion thereof, twenty cents. 
 
 For one or two persons, per hour, outside four-mile limit, also Lincoln Park, one 
 dollar. 
 
 For each quarter-hour additional, or fraction thereof, twenty -five cents. 
 
 When continuous stop of one-half hour or more is made, the charge per hour 
 will be at the rate of seventy cents. When service is desired by the hour, it must be 
 so stated at the time of engaging the cab, otherwise the distance rate will be charged. 
 
 Hour engagements, when the cab is discharged ac a distance of over half a mile 
 from the stand, the time necessary to return to the stand will be charged for. No 
 time engagements will be made for less than the price for one hour. 
 
 In case of attempted imposition or exorbitant charges on the part of the driver, 
 pay him nothing until you shall have called a policeman. The city of Chicago guards 
 the interests of strangers closely and jealouslv, and no imposition will be tolerated. 
 Do not compromise the matter " in order to save trouble.' 1 The welfare of strangers 
 generally require that each one shall refuse to accede to unjust demands. 
 
 Hotels and Boarding Houses.— The hotels of Chicago are of great number 
 and variety. The largest and grandest of them are described elsewhere. [See Hotels.] 
 It would be impossible to tell the stranger just where to stop. A great deal depends upon 
 the taste and means of the visitor. The rates charged by the respectable hotels of 
 Chicago run all the way from $2.00 to $5.00 per day, depending in great measure upon the 
 hotel selected, and upon the location of rooms. Good rooms at the leadingEuropean 
 hoteis,or hotels where rooms and meals are paid for separately,can be obtained for $1.00 
 per day. Restaurant meals may be had at from 25 to 50 cents. Hotel meals are served at 
 from 50 cents to $1.00. Should you prefer a pri vate boarding house, you will have no diffi- 
 culty in finding one, where you may procure a room and board at from $4.00 to $10.00 per 
 week. At the latter figure excellent accommodation may be obtained in any of the 
 best neighborhoods of the city. Boarding houses may be found advertised in large 
 numbers in the daily newspapers. If you advertise for a boarding house you will 
 receive a large number of responses. Select some place, if possible, south of Twenty- 
 second st. and east of Wabash ave.; don't be afraid of going south; north of Chicago 
 ave. and east of La Salle ave.; don't be afraid of going north, west of Ashland ave. and 
 south of Madison to Jackson, or north of Madison to Park ave.; the farther west the bet- 
 t r. Having installed yourself at a hotel, a boarding house or at the house of a friend, 
 and put your affairs in order, you will doubtless be prepared and even anxious to see 
 the city. If you will follow me during the next thirty-one days, I will try to show you 
 every thing of interest, and give you all the information I have been able to collect 
 concerning the places we visit and the sights we see. 
 FIRST DAY. 
 
 We will make the City Hall our starting point, for the reason that it is one of the 
 most central, as well as one of the most prominent, structures in the city. This build- 
 ing and the Cook County Court House, adjoining, stand upon the site of the first Court 
 House erected in Chicago, and also upon the site of the Court House destroyed in the 
 great fire of 1871. The old Court House stood in the center of the block, and was sur- 
 rounded by a green lawn, in the nature of a park. It was a handsome building r,s 
 buildings went in those days, and had a tower in which there was a clock and a great 
 
THE GUIDE. 6C3 
 
 bell. This bell rang out in doleful peals on the fatal Sunday night in October, 1871, 
 almost up to the moment the tower became enveloped in flames. After the fire the 
 bruised and battered bell was taken from the ruins by an enterprising firm and worked 
 up into souvenirs— watch charms, breast pins, etc., which found a ready sale and com- 
 manded good prices. So great was the demand that several hundred tons of old bell 
 metal were consumed in supplying it before the intelligent public began to suspect 
 that there was anything wrong. The foundations of the new Court House were laid 
 in 1876. The labor troubles incident to the hard times in 1877 induced the city govern- 
 ment to begin work on the City Hall in that year. The building was commenced under 
 the administration of Mayor Heath and finished under the administration of Mayor 
 Harrison. It is a stately pile, as you perceive, and its architecture would be called 
 Grecian by a person not over particular in regard to such matters. Although its gen- 
 eral style has been subjected to much severe criticism, it is something in its favor to 
 say that, notwithstanding the numerous magnificent piies which have been erected in 
 its neighborhood during recent years, it is still the most striking and, altogether, the 
 handsomest structure in the city. These remarks are applicable, of course, to the 
 Court House, which in design and finish differs very little from the City Hall. If any- 
 thing, the Court House is a little the handsomer of the two, because the city was 
 retrenching when the City Hall was being constructed, and a number of costly details 
 which entered into the Court House were dropped. The City Hall building as it is 
 to-day cost, exclusive of the ground upon which it stands, very nearly $1,800,000. The 
 cost of the Court House exceeds this figure by nearly $1,000,000, but that much 
 money additional didn't go into the structure. A great part of it was used in bribery, 
 in election expenses arid in riotous living. If the walls could speak they would tell the 
 story of the most corrupt period in the history of Cook cou ty politics. Some of the 
 living ex-county commissioners, by the way, could, if they felt inclined, tell it just as 
 well. But this is a digression. The City Hall occupies half the block bounded by 
 Washington st. on the south, Randolph st. on the north, La Salle st. on the west, and 
 Clark st. on the east. We enter it from the Washington st. side, passing into the 
 tunnel-like corridor which runs the entire length of the basement from Washington 
 to Randolph st. The first offices to our left are those occupied by 
 
 The Health Department.-- Here the Commissioner of Health, a gentleman appointed 
 by the Mayor, is in charge. He has a large and expensive corps of assistants, as you 
 have learned from this volume already, and from these rooms the sanitary condition 
 of the city is supposed to be regulated. The Health Department looks after our back- 
 yards, our back alleys and our back streets, where nobody else appears to be inter- 
 ested. It also takes a peep into our great factories, sees that work -shops are not over 
 crowded, and protects the better classes from infection arising out of the districts 
 occupied by the other classes. It also vaccinates us on demand, and sends us to the 
 small-pox hospital at times, if we have neglected the modern precaution of inocula- 
 tion. But small-pox in Chicago is very rare, and the " pest house " keeper of late years 
 has been living a life of ease and drawing the salary of a sinecure. If you will step 
 inside they will tell you that Chicago is the healthiest city on earth. Only eighteen out 
 of every thousand of us die or get run over or fall down elevator shafts every year. 
 Just across the corridor to your left is 
 
 Tlie City Detective Office.— The people, and more especially the newspapers, of Chi- 
 cago are inclined to be cynical. You will probably hear that the city detectives are 
 organized for the purpose of allowing criminals to escape, and that the safest place 
 for a thief is under the very nose of one of the municipal sleuths, but you must pay 
 no attention to this kind of talk, for, while the detectives capture thousands of rogues 
 every year, they are seldom spoken of unless in connection with the escape of some 
 
0(U GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 criminal. The city detectives do a great deal of really creditable work every yearvthat 
 the public is neve*' informed of. The real clever men in the detective department are 
 modest and unknown, so that when somebody points out to you on the street a person 
 with the make-up of a Vidoq and calls him one of the shrewdest sleuths on the force, 
 you may assume that this person is a detective for parade purposes only. Inside the 
 detective department is the " sweat-box," where criminals or suspected cr minals are 
 subjected to the "pumping " process before they are regularly committed. Some out- 
 rages have been committed in this same " sweat-box," and it isn't popular with the 
 people It smacks of the inquisition, and the methods sometimes pursued in u pump- 
 ing" prisoners are repugnant to the American idea of fair play. The detectives dress in 
 plain clothing. They are generally picked from the police force proper and are pre- 
 sumed to be intelligent men. Across the corridor to the left is the 
 
 Central Detail Station.— This is in reality a sub-station of the First Precinct, but at 
 the same time, by reason of its situation, is the most important police station in the 
 city. In olden times— that is, about twent3 T -five years ago— when Lake st. was the 
 leading retail thoroughfare of the city, the handsomest men on the police force were 
 detailed for duty upon its crossings. These men composed what came to be known 
 as "The Lake Street Squad." Later on, as the city grew and other streets became as 
 great as Lake and even greater, additional details of a like character were drawn from 
 the force proper. Then the ra lroad depots and bridges demanded men. Finally the 
 various squads were consolidated into the Central Detail. The police of this detail 
 perfoi-m day duty in the center of the city, exclusively. They have charge of the 
 bridges, railroad depots public paces generally and street crossings. In the night 
 they are relieved by patrolmen from the First Precinct Stati jn. There is a procession 
 of visitors to the Central Detail Station all day long. The great majority of minor 
 crimes are committed in the business district. Pick-pockets, sneak thieves, confidence 
 men, etc., arrested by the detectives, are brought in here. Here also reports are 
 received from all the precinct stations. We are shown into 
 
 Tite Rcpo.ters' Room— Where reporters of the city press may be found from morn 
 to midnight and from midnight till rosy morn, waiting and watching for the reports 
 which come over the telephone, orare handed in by special messengers from the various 
 precinct stations. Here the first news of accidents, murders and crimes generally is 
 received. When a crime or accident of unusual importance is reported the represen- 
 tatives of the i ress immediately notify their city editors by telephone, and are relieved 
 of further responsibility, as men are dispatched from the newspaper offices to the scene 
 of the occurrence. Minor affairs only, as a rule, are followed up by the police report- 
 ers, who are expect d to remain at or near their posts constantly until relieved. Many 
 of the leading journalists of the city have begun as police reporters. The Central 
 Station is a great school for newspaper men, as there is an opportunity here of becom- 
 ing acquainted with every phase of metropolitan existence. Along the corridor various 
 othar offices are devoted to the affairs of the police department, but the work done is 
 principally clerical and uninteresting. To our left as we move toward the noith are the 
 
 Fire Alarm Offices.— These are interesting to visitors. Here all alarms of fire are 
 received, and from these offices all alarms are sounded on the gongs of the numerous 
 engine-houses and the alarm bells of the city. The apparatus as you see is beautiful ; 
 its operation is marvelous. At first sight, all those instruments of shining brass and 
 nickel, ever maintained at the highest state of polish, may appear complicated, butto 
 the operators they are simplicity itself. While you are looking on, the simple turning 
 of a switch may arouse the entire fire department, and for that matter the entire city; 
 but you have no knowledge that perhaps a neighborhood is in a stati" of panic, for the 
 silent fluttering of a hand on one of the dials or the almost imperceptible clicking of an 
 
THE GUIDE. 665 
 
 instrument no larger than your hat are meaningless to you. While the fire department is 
 battling- with the " demon destroyer," as the country reporter loves to call it, and a 
 howling, crazy mob is being held in check by the police, the operator sits here in peace 
 and quiet, waiting for the "out" signal, which is sometimes too long delayed for the 
 good of the public and the happiness of the fire insurance companies. We can spend 
 an hour in here very pleasantly and very profitably, if the operators are not too busy 
 to talk. We walk to the end of the corridor, ascend one flight of stairs to the first 
 floor, and move toward the south along a higher and a brighter corridor. To our left 
 is the 
 
 City Collector's Office— Where clerical work only is performed, the city collector 
 being a person who has much to do with licenses, brewers and saloon-keepers, but 
 across the hall are 
 
 The Water Offices— Several in number, and all more or less crowded during business 
 hours. Here we pay our water rates, make complaints about leakages, arrange for 
 supplies, etc. Turn back to " Water Works " in this book, notice the revenues of the 
 department, and you will comprehend what an immense amount of business all these 
 clerks transact every day. A little further on are the offices of the 
 
 Department of Public Works.— Here the entire machinery connected with the public 
 works of the city of Chicago is operated. This includes so much that it would require 
 half a day to teli you all about it. The Public Works Department, however, cares 
 for our streets, our sewers, our bridges, our viaducts, etc.; besides, it plans and executes 
 all improvements, and supervises the operation of corporations, such as street car com- 
 panies, gas companies, electric companies, etc., whenever these corporations are granted 
 franchises to tear up or occupy our streets, and that means a great deal more than you 
 will be able to understand during a brief visit to Chicago, for private corporations 
 are granted privileges here that they would not dare ask perhaps in the city you 
 came from. Turning to the left, into the passage leading toward the Court House, we 
 come to 
 
 Police Headquarters— Where we find the superintendent, assistant superintendent 
 and other general officers of the force. From these offices the police department is 
 mar aged, and, generally speaking, well managed. Passing along we come to room 
 '62, the 
 
 Mayor's Offices.— There is a large outer office and a smaller inner office. In the 
 former we find one of the Mayor's private secretaries, and it depends entirely on tbe 
 disposition of this young man whether we find the Mayor in the latter. If this privi- 
 lege is accorded us, we find a man of the ordinary Chicago stamp— a business man, per- 
 haps, or a business man turned politician. He is not robed in scarlet, nor wigged in 
 tow. He wears a business suit, has on a business smile, and gives us a business salutation. 
 Although the chief executive officer of one of the grandest cities in the world, he may, 
 if his digestion be good to-day, shake you by the hand like an ordinary mortal. For it 
 is one of our prime characteristics in this glorious country to seem less than we are. 
 We can be dignified without being insolent. This is something the small officials of 
 your European cities have yet to learn. The Mayor of Chicago is a busy man. Let us 
 leave him. Next door is 
 
 The Comptroller's Office— Where the finances of the city are accounted and kept in 
 order. The comptroller, though not the custodian of public money, is supposed to 
 know just where it is, what the city's resources are, how its credit stands, etc., etc. 
 Across the hall from him are the 
 
 City Clerk's Offices— Where the accounts of the municipality in all their multi- 
 formity are supposed to be accurately kept. Up another flight of stairs and we are 
 on the Second Floor, where we find offices given over to the various bureaus of the 
 
566 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Public Works Department, Sewers, Drains, Buildings, Maps, etc., etc., and in the 
 lateral corridor are two court rooms, occupied by a Superior and Circuit judge, respect- 
 ively. The floor above is given up partly to the Law department, and partly to 
 
 The Public School Department.— Here is the Board of Education Chamber, the 
 superintendent's office, the manager's office, the secretary's office, etc. We can get 
 here a great deal of information about our public school system. There are offices on 
 this floor also for the accommodation of special teachers in music, drawing, etc. A 
 large chamber on this floor is also reserved for the Board of Election Commissioners. 
 On the Fourth Floor is 
 
 The Council Chamber— A large and handsome assembly room, where the sixty- 
 eight aldermen meet and legislate for the people. The remainder of this floor is occu- 
 pied by 
 
 The Public Library, which is described in this book. We will be able to spend the 
 remainder of the day very pleasantly here, if we can interest the librarian or one of 
 his assistants in our behalf. There are more books circulated by this library now than 
 by any other in the United States, not even excepting Boston's. The collection of 
 books is very complete and is being added to annually. At the present rate of increase 
 we will have one of the largest libraries in the world within a very few years. I have not 
 called your attention to the crowds in the City Hall, because it wasn't necessary. You 
 have been jostled by them at every stage of our trip. What so many men are doing 
 here all daylong I can't tell you, because I don't know. But they are to be found 
 here every day, hanging around the corridors, with no apparent aim in life, and, judg- 
 ing from the faces of most of them, without much hope in a hereafter. A great many 
 of them are political " wire-pullers," " workers in the wards," " friends " of the office 
 holders, etc. The fact that they have some connection in some mysterious way with 
 men occupying influential positions prevents the police from arresting them on 
 charges of vagrancy. 
 SECOND DAY. 
 
 We meet again at the City Hall, and, if you wish, we will take a look at the cells in 
 the basement, also at the collection of stolen goods in the hands of the custodian. 
 This will not require much time, because the cells are not very numerous here nor 
 is the custodian's collection particularly interesting. We will go over to the Court 
 House, entering this building also from the Washington street side. And here it 
 might be remarked that the main entrance to the Court House is up a flight of granite 
 steps in the center of the structure on Clark street. The main entrance to the City 
 Hall is by a similar flight of steps on La Salle street. Both entrances are grand in pro- 
 portion and beautiful in design. But it is more convenient to begin at the very bot- 
 tom. We enter another tunnel-like corridor, and, before proceeding farther, I might 
 as well tell you that the entire building is occupied by the various county officers and 
 courts; that, immense as it ie, it fails to accommodate all of them, some of the offices 
 and courts being located in the Criminal Court building on the North Side, and that 
 two additional stories are to be put on this building before the close of 1892. How it 
 will look with two more stories I don't know. It is claimed that the symmetry of the 
 structure will be destroyed. Certain it is that if two stories are not also added to the 
 City Hall the latter building will present an extremely dumpy and unsatisfactory 
 appearance. The original design was never carried out. There was to be a great 
 dome over the united buildings. The city and county failed to agree to the expendi- 
 ture of the requisite money, and the dome was dropped out. With a six-story Court 
 House and a four-story City Hall, of course a dome in the future will be out of the 
 question, unless the City Hall side of it is to be supported on props. This might be 
 picturesque, but it would hardly be considered in the light of an artistic triumph. Yet, 
 
THE GUIDE. 567 
 
 Chicago has passed through so many ordeals unscathed that we have reason to hope 
 that the Cou.t House-City Hall question will be settled to everybody's satisfaction in 
 the end. Passing a number of uninteresting county offices we come to the 
 
 County Recorder's Office -Where all transfers of real property in Cook county are 
 registered. As settlement of questions of ownership must finally be determined by 
 the records of this office, its importance will be understood. The great fire of 1871 
 destroyed all the records of Cook county, and it was a herculean task to restore them. 
 The most important of these records, of course, were those upon which the owner- 
 ship of real estate was established, or proved. Many thousands of deeds were also 
 lost in the great fire, so that endless confusion and litigation might have resulted had 
 there not been in existence here private institutions which kept abstracts of all land 
 or real estate titles. [See Abstracts of Title.] These assisted very materially in 
 straightening things out, and with the aid of experts in the business the county was 
 soon in possession once more of complete records. The business of the Recorder's 
 office is extremely dry and tedious, yet you will be interested in watching the people 
 who are constantly handing in deeds and mortgages through a little window to be 
 recorded, and constantly receiving them through another little window after they have 
 been recorded. Most of them are lawyers, lawyers 1 clerks, real estate dealers and 
 money brokers. Passing other offices of minor importance, we come to those occu- 
 pied by 
 
 The Sheriff— At the extreme northeasterly corner of the building. The sheriff is 
 elected by the people, as perhaps you know, and has the peace and good order of the 
 county in his especial ch irge. Yet, as the city of Chicago covers the greater part of 
 the county just now, or, at least, the most important part of it, the police duties of the 
 sheriff are rather limited. He looks after the jail and the courts, his deputies being, 
 as it were, like the sand on the sea-shore. The bailiffs are his underlings, and the liti- 
 gant is his victim. From the sheriff's offices all summonses of the State courts are 
 served. One of the duties of this official is to hang a man, for example's sake, period- 
 ically. But he does this by contract, as he does nearly everything else, from the feed- 
 ing of jail prisoners to the suppression of public tumults. In the basement, near the 
 sheriff's office, we also find 
 
 The Coroner's Office.— The coroner has a number of deputies [see Coroner's 
 Inquests], and in a big city like Chicago they are all naturally kept busy. There are 
 sudden deaths, suicides, deaths from accident, homicides and murders to be investi- 
 gated, and the coroner and his deputies must be on hand before the funerals take 
 place. The deputies must be acquainted with all languages and must speak many of 
 them, the English tongue, strange as it may appear, being the least requisite in the 
 transaction of their business. This might be explained easily by saying that the great 
 majority of the working people of the city, among whom accidents are the most fre- 
 quent, are foreigners. Climbing a flight of stairs we reach the first, or main floor of 
 the Court House. Here 
 
 The County Clerk's Office invites our attention, because of the multitude of clerks 
 we see inside nearly every one of whom wears a light blonde moustache. The fact that 
 the county clerk is invariably a German or an Irishman, perhaps accounts for this. 
 The clerks are nice young men, as a rule, and will answer any questions you may put 
 to them, if they understand your language. In the county clerk's office we find the 
 marriage license clerk. [See Marriage Licenses.] It will be interesting to remain here 
 an hour and take note of the persons who apply for legal permission to wed. Most of 
 them are gawky young men. Why they should be gawky it is hard to say, but a 
 young man who is naturally easy in his manner becomes a gawk when he has any busi- 
 ness of this kind on hand. He isn't used to it, and he is afraid that something will 
 
 J 
 
568 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 happen to prevent the consummation of his wishes. Many are widowers who are will • 
 ing to take another risk, and not a few are men who have oeen divorced for cause. He 
 is a very rare sort of man who can not somehow, somewhere or sometime find a mate, 
 and we see here all sorts and conditions of male humanity— from the bandy-legged 
 to i he hump- backed— who have proposed and have been accepted. Our next stopping 
 place is 
 
 The County Treasurer's Office.— I will have to ask you to refer to the index that you 
 may acquaint yourself with the condition of Cook county finances. This is no place 
 for dry details, nor for figures. "We pay our taxes here; we pay a great deal of money 
 into the County Treasurer's hands for taxes every year, and he pays a great deal out 
 to meet the current and other expenses of county government. If all the money 
 received and paid out had been honestly applied during the past twenty-five 
 years, we m'ght have had a gold-burnished dome on the top of the City Hall and 
 Court House buildings to-day, besides a number of other things equally desirable if 
 not quite so ornamental. But the tax-payers are not grumbling. In view of all the 
 circumstances they congratulate themselves that even a small percentage of the 
 revenue has been used for public purposes. Of late years the stealing has not been 
 so great, principally because the opportunities have not been so numerous. The 
 County Treasurer's office is one of the most interesting in the Court House, for here 
 we find people who have, by honest toil and industry, secured solid property, cheer- 
 fully, though not voluntarily, contributing their share towards the payment of public 
 expenses. Men and women, old and young, are here, native and foreigner, with their 
 tax bills in one hand and their purses or rolls of money in the other, awaiting their 
 turn in the long lines that radiate from the different windows. Going up another 
 flight of stairs we find ourselves among 
 
 The Courts.— Including the County and Probate courts there are nineteen halls of 
 justice in the Court House. Some of these are Superior and some Circuit courts. The 
 difference between them you would not appreciate if told. They have practically 
 equal jurisdiction. Only the civil courts, however, are held here. The criminal 
 courts are held on t~e North Side in the Criminal Court building. The court rooms, 
 together with the Superior and Circuit court clerk's offices, occupy the second, third 
 and fourth floors of the Court House. The court rooms are all handsomely finished. 
 They are generally crowded. If you see one you see all. Saturday is given over to 
 divorce cases in the Superior court?, and, if your taste lies in that direction, you might 
 spend a highly enjoyable day listening to the testimony and looking at the complain- 
 ants, witnesses and other spectators. The court crowd is always a motley one, and 
 mostly a rather interesting one. There are men and women who, like little Miss 
 Flight, spend day after day in these courts, with no other object in view than the satis- 
 faction of'an insane or an idle curiosity. They will listen to the dreariest testimony 
 with a degree of interest that fills the wearied juror and jaded judge with shame. On 
 the top floor of this building is the Law Library [see Law Institute], which is well 
 stocked with legal literature and works of reference for the common use of members 
 of the bar. We will look through the courts, and, if you wish, listen to some of the 
 testimony or to the monotonous drawl of some attorney who is citing 17 New York 
 438, or 14 Arkansas 139, and after that you will be tired enough to go home. I'll meet 
 you on the La Salle street steps of the City Hall in the morning. 
 
 THIRD DAY. 
 
 To-day I propose that we shall begin on Lake street and walk ( outh on La Salle 
 street toward the Board of Trade We will not be able to reach that building by 
 night, for there will be many attractions to detain us on the way— among them some 
 of the grandest and greatest buildings on the globe. But we can begin to-morrow 
 
^ 
 
[Engraved for The Standard Guide Company.] 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, PULLMAN, CHICAGO. 
 
 [See "Great Industries."] 
 
 n 
 
 
THE GUIDE. 569 
 
 where we leave off this evening. La Salle is now and has been for many years the 
 money street of the city. It is a street given over almost exclusively to banking, 
 brokerage, insurance, real estate and genera} office purposes. Dearborn street is its 
 only rival. It is safe to say, that there is a greater amount of business transacted on 
 La Salle than on any street in the city. All this business, outside of the transactions in 
 the Board of Trade, is done in offices, and to meet the demand for offices the immense 
 and elegant structures which line the street on either side were erected. Before 
 reaching these, however, we must notice 
 
 The Marine Building.— On the northeast corner of Lake and La Salle, not so much 
 on account of its size or beauty, but because of the associations connected with it. 
 The building was originally erected to accommodate " The Marine Bank," at one time 
 a great financial institution, at the head of which was the late John Young Scam- 
 mon. Mr. Scammon came out of the great fire with wealth, went heavily into real 
 estate operations, purchased a newspaper, was interested in every enterprise of import- 
 ance, and went under in the panic of 1873, when the Marine bank failed, and his prop- 
 erty was scattered to the four winds. Before his death, however, he had recovered 
 from the blow, and regained a great part of his fortune. The building, which has 
 recently been enlarged and reconstructed, is owned by the Marine Association, which 
 is composed of Charles L. Hutchison, Henry C. Durand, John H. Dwight and C. H. 
 Hamill. It is a seven-story structure, architecturally ornate and perfect in all its 
 appointments and conveniences. To our right, near the mouth of the tunnel, we 
 come upon a three-story building, No. 49, under the cornice of which we see the name 
 Jackson Hall.— This was " Long " John Wentworth's contribution to the rebuilding 
 of Chicago. It will not be deemed unkind to the memory of the dead, but rather the 
 statement of an historical fact, when I tell you that perhaps there has never lived in 
 Chicago a man with the means of doing much within his grasp who did less for the 
 material benefit of the city than " Long " John Wentworth. And it would not be 
 worth while to speak of. this here were it not for the other historical fact that during 
 the greater part of his life-time " Long " John Wentworth talked like a man who had 
 built this city at his own expense and presented it, ready-made, to the public. On 
 the opposite side of the street, across the mouth of the tunnel, is the Metropolitan 
 block, a fine building of the fire period, but hardly up to the present standard. Just 
 over the way, No. 48, is the office of the Spalding Lumber Company. Here you 
 will see, at his desk in a little ante-room, the Hon. Jesse Spalding, millionaire lumber- 
 man, formerly collector of this port ; at present one of the government directors of the 
 Union Pacific railroad, and a man of great prominence and large influence on the 
 republican side of politics. A plain man is " Uncle Jesse," as he is familiarly called, 
 and as hard a worker as you will find on the street. " Uncle Jesse " and Uncle " Phil " 
 Armour— the 20-millionaire, whom we will see farther down— are great chums and 
 mutual admirers. A genuine regard, bordering upon schoolboy affection, exists 
 between them. These two men might have left off work ten years ago with fortunes 
 large enough to make themselves and their families comfortable during all the years 
 of their lives, but they are happier at their desks than they could possibly be any- 
 where else. On our right, at the southwest corner of Randolph street, is the remod- 
 eled Lafayette building, where you will find a number of ocean steamship agencies 
 and the French consul. On the opposite side of the street, for an entire block, is 
 the La Salle street front of the City Hall. To your right, on the corner of the alley, 
 is the 
 
 Merchants' National Bank— which occupies a building made notorious in 1877 by 
 the failure of the State Savings Institution, of which D. D. Spencer was president. 
 The failure of this bank caused great distress among a very large number of indus- 
 
570 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 trious working people, and resulted in two or three suicides. Spencer fled to Europe, 
 and lived in the vicinity of Stuttgart for several year3. He returned to Chicago 
 recently, a broken-down man. The failure of the State Savings Institution was fol- 
 lowed by the closing of the Fidelity Savings Bank, the Merchants 1 , Farmers' and 
 Mechanics' ("Bee Hive ") Savings Bank, and some others, and brought savings institu- 
 tions generally into disrepute. The bank at present occupying the building is one of 
 the most substantial in the country. [See Merchants' National Bank.] On the 
 northwest corner of Washington street is the Merchants' building, in which is located 
 the 
 
 National Bank of America— one of our leading I auking houses. [See National 
 Bank of America.] The Merchants' building was erected shortly after the fire, when 
 sandstone was the favorite building material, and when it was customary to carry the 
 main floor to some height above the street level. It was one of the finest buildings in 
 the city until the new era of architecture set in. Directly across Washington street, 
 on the next corner to our right, is the 
 
 Union Building.— This structure is one of the most familiar in the city, because it is 
 occupied in part as the central office of the Western Union Telegraph Company. 
 Here are to be found the Atlas National Bank, the State Bank of Illinois (Felsenthal, 
 Gross & Miller) and the International Bank -all reputable financial concerns. On the 
 second floor are the offices of the Western Associated Press, from which news is dis- 
 tributed throughout the country. On the third, fourth and fifth floors are the general 
 offices and operating rooms of the Western Union Telegraph Company. The head- 
 quarters of the Military Division of the Missouri were located on the fourth floor of 
 this building for many years, and Gen. Phil Sheridan occupied the corner room of that 
 story facing Washington and La Salle sts., from the completion of the building after 
 the fire until his assumption of the generalship of the army. The Union National 
 Bank occupied the corner of the first floor for a number of years, and it was during 
 this time that W. F. Coolbaugh, its president, committed suicide at the foot of the 
 Douglas monument. Across the street, on the southeast corner of Washington and La 
 Salle, is the famous 
 
 Chamber of Commerce Building.— This structure occupies the site of the old 
 Chamber of Commerce which was erected immediately after the fire and which was 
 occupied by the Board of Trade until the great commercial edifice at the foot of the 
 street was completed. The new Chamber of Commerce building is in many respects 
 the finest commercial structure in the world and certainly one of the grandest office 
 buildings in the United States. The property upon which it stands cost $650,0C0, and the 
 building itself has cost Messrs. Hannah, Lay & Company, the owners, over $1,000,000. 
 Standing upon the mosaic floor on the first story in the center of the bui.ding, throw- 
 ing back your head and looking up, you will see twelve balconies with their bronzed 
 railings rising in perfect symmetry above you. Away at the top and crowning this 
 grand central court is probably the largest skylight in the world. It is a plate-glass 
 arch thirty-five feet wide and 1C8 feet long, and its weight is supported on iron and 
 copper frames which rest upon iron trusses. The frame is bronzed and finished hand- 
 somely. Through this mammoth window in the roof a perfect flood of light penetrates 
 the central court, so that the interior of the building is almost as brightly illuminated 
 as the exterior during the day. As you look up, if your neck will bear the strain, you 
 will notice that not a post or a pillar is visible along the sides or between the twelve 
 balconies, other than those at the north and south ends, the intervening stretch being 
 perfectly clear and free from obstruction. 
 
 The twelve balconies are supported on the cantilever principle. There are 500 
 Office rooms in this structure, every Qne of which is perfectly lighted. The thir- 
 
THE GUIDE. 571 
 
 teenth floor is finished as handsomely as the first. You will notice that the marWe 
 used in the wainscoting- from top to bottom is perfectly matched, the grain running 
 through from slab to slab as perfectly as it did in its native Italian quarry. All of 
 this marble was quarried in Italy and finished in Belgium for this building. The 
 mosaic floors contain billions of separate marble blocks, and present a beautiful as 
 well as a novel sight to the visitor. The ceiling of the main entrance is a charming bit 
 of mosaic work ; the bronze railings and elevator shaft gratings are all highly finished. 
 Eight passenger cars and two great freight cars are constantly moving up and down 
 between the thirteen stories of this magnificent structure. We will go to the top, 
 the time consumed in the trip being- a minute and a quarter, counting stoppages. 
 Looking clown, the people on the floor of the court below seem like pigmies. The 
 height makes us dizzy and we move away from the bronze railing fearing that the 
 natural but unaccountable temptation to throw ourselves over it may gain the mas- 
 tery of us. The Chamber of Commerce building is a city within itself. There are 
 more people doing business inside its walls than you will find in many prosperous 
 towns, and the amount of business transacted here daily equals that done in some 
 of the most pretentious communities in the country. Every branch of commerce and 
 nearly every profession is represented here. We can spend a couple of hours here very 
 pleasantly, strolling along the different balconies and taking observations of the mul- 
 titude of people who are constantly streaming into and out of the elevator cars. 
 Leaving the Chamber of Commerce, we find that it is almost noon, and we will take a 
 lunch at Kern's, across the way, or at Kohlsaat's, on the corner of the court, east of 
 the Chamber of Commerce building. In either place we will witness an interesting 
 sight. Thousands of business men, clerks, etc., flock to these and similar restaurants 
 in the business center daily, where they partake of hasty luncheons, made up princi- 
 pally of sandwiches, pie, coffee and buttermilk. The food is generally well prepared, 
 but it is eaten with a haste, as a rule, which does much toward ruining the health and 
 souring the dispositions of our people. As we move down La Salle St., after luncheon, 
 we pass, on our right, the 
 
 Mercantile Building.— Here we find the old and respectable banking house of 
 Greenebaum & Sons [see Greenebaum & Sons], and on the corner of the alley just south 
 the other equally respectable banking house of A. Loeb & Bro. Lower down, 
 on the northeast corner of La Salle and Madison sts. is the Metropolitan National 
 Bank [see Metropolitan National Bank], and across the street from this, on the 
 northeast corner, is the beautiful 
 
 Tacoma Building— towering above its surroundings to the dizzy height of 
 twelve clearstories. This was among the first of the modern sky-scrapers erected 
 in Chicago. The corner which it occupies was for years covered by a tumble-down 
 brick building put up in haste after the fire. It was wiped out to make room for the 
 " Tacoma." We must spend an hour in this building going to the top by elevator and 
 walking down. From the twelfth story we are able to obtain a splendid bird's-eye view of 
 the city, and we can see far out on Lake Michigan, if the smoke isn't too dense. This is a 
 colony of offices. [See Office Buildings.] What all the people who occupy the offices; 
 do, will be a source of wonder to the visitor throughout this and several other trips 
 but as they are all compelled to pay high rentals it is presumed that they are doing 
 something to coax the almighty dollar in their direction. Otherwise they would seek 
 cheaper quarters or establish themselves on the curb-atone in front. Crossing Madi- 
 son st. we find on the southwest corner the 
 
 Otis Building.— The building belongs to a branch of the Otis family, a family, by the 
 way, which owns some of the most desirable real estate in the city. It is a building of 
 the fire period, not up to present requisites, although by reason of its central location 
 it is well and profitably tenanted. On the southeast corner is the 
 
572 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Major Block, another fine structure of the same period. For years this ranked as 
 one of the finest buildings in the city. In any other city it would rank as a great build- 
 ing now, but it is overshadowed by the giants in its neighborhood. Just east of the 
 Major Block, on the corner of Arcade court, is to be erected the new 
 
 Y. M. C. A. Building— Plans for this structure have already been drawn. The lot 
 upon which the building is to be erected adjoins the present property of the Association 
 which fronts on Madison st., in the rear. This lot has a fifty-two feet frontage on 
 La Salle st. and 185 feet frontage on Arcade ct., all but seventy-five feet of which is 
 abundantly lighted, either by the street or a thirty-foot court. It is proposed to utilize 
 about one-third of the space in the new building for association purposes and the 
 remainder for offices. The ground floor on La Salle st. will be rented for stores. TheAsso- 
 ciationwill use two stories on the" La Salle st. side and seven stories in the rear on Arcade 
 ct: It will be a building within a building, the architectural arrangement providing for 
 separate entrances on both sides for the Association and those who rent offices, so that 
 the two classes of tenants will have no connection with each other. From the seventh 
 or gymnasium floor, where the Association's rooms end, there will be a square light 
 shaft 18x29 feet running to the top story, so that the interior of the building will 
 resemble the Rookery in its facilities for light. The Andrews estate property pur- 
 chase, with the present valuation of the land in the rear, now occupied by Farwell 
 Hall, and the proposed cost of the new building, will make the entire investment fully 
 $1,400,000. From this point south on La Salle st. 
 
 The People We Pass— areas interesting as the buildings. We are apt to be jostled 
 against the famous produce and grain operators at any point now and we will not 
 know it unless we have a previous acquaintance with their personal appearance. On 
 this street many millionaires have their offices. That medium-sized and rather ordinary 
 looking man who has just turned out ot hid way for us is 
 
 Sidney Kent— a, man of great wealth, large brain and wonderful resources. You 
 will be told of several of his transactions. That stout gentleman with the mutton- 
 chop whiskers, rather reddish in color, is P. D. Armour. He is returning to his office 
 from the club where he has lunched. That young man with the Jewish caste of coun- 
 tenance, bright eye and clean-cut movement of limb is Chas. L. Hutchinson, the 
 youngest millionaire and one of the most intelligent men in the city. He gets more 
 genuine comfort out of his wealth than most of them, for he is a cultured man and a 
 devotee of art. You have heard of him in connection with the Art Institute. There 
 are heavy men on all sides of us, and the assistants and employes of heavy men, but we 
 must say a word about 
 
 Bryan Block before we go any farther, or we will forget it. Bryan Block is 
 another of the back-number great buildings of the city. I very well remember that 
 flf teen years ago it was pointed out with pride ; now it isn't pointed out at all. It is 
 occupied, however, by the agencies of great insurance companies, real estate men, 
 bankers, brokers, etc., and its central location makes it one of the most valuable pieces 
 of property in the city. Some day a great building will occupy the site, to the ground 
 upon which it stands is far too valuable for a five-story edifice. Across the street is 
 the old 
 
 Republic Life Building.— The insurance company from which it derived its name has 
 long since gone out of existence. This building was used by the CustomHouse and United 
 States courts for several years after the fire, or until the present government building 
 was erected. Now it is an office building. Here are located the rooms of the Buildci\s' 
 Exchange and the Central Woman's Christian Temperance Union, as well as the offices 
 of Dun's Commercial Agency. On the corner below, just east of the Republic build- 
 ing, is the only structure in the business part of the city which escaped destruction in 
 
THE GUIDE. 573 
 
 the great fire. A slab is imbedded in the building informing you of that fact. It was 
 not completed at the time, however, and its immunity was due to the fact that the bare 
 walls alone were standing. There was no inflammable material on the inside. Now 
 we will stop here for the day, in order that you may have an opportunity of inspecting 
 the work upon the big building being erected on the corner diagonally opposite. I 
 will tell you about this building in the morning. 
 FOURTH DAY. 
 
 I parted with you last evening on the corner of La Salle and Monroe sts., after sug- 
 gesting that you make an inspection of the work going on at the corner diagonally 
 opposite. This is the northwest corner of the streets named. Here a few years ago Mr. 
 Marshall Field laid the foundations for a great office building. A legal dispute arose 
 between him and his former business partner, Mr. Leiter, who owned property adjoin- 
 ing, the facts concerning which it is not necessary for you to know, and the work was 
 abandoned. The lot was fenced in for three or four years, and finally the Woman's 
 Ch istian Temperance Union secured a ninety-nine year lease of the property from 
 Mr. Field, organized a syndicate with sufficient capital, and began the erection of a 
 structure to be known as the 
 
 Temperance Temple.— The familiar name of this building now, however, is "The 
 Temple." The Temple, as it now stands, is one of the sights of Chicago, and the equal 
 of any one of the many magnificent structures that now adorn the city. In style it is a 
 combination of the old Gothic and the more modern French. For the first two stories 
 the material vised is gray granite with a dash of pink running thrcughit. Above that 
 is used pressed brick and terra cotta. This harmonizes nicely with the granite, taking 
 on a tone and color the same, with the exception that it will be a darker pink. The 
 frontage on La Salle street is 190 feet, while on Monroe it is ninety feet. In shape the 
 temple is somewhat novel and might be likened to the lett»r H. It consists of two 
 immense wings united by a middle portion or vinculum. On La Salle street is a court 
 seventy feet long and thirty feet wide, and on Monroe street a similar one of the same 
 length and eighteen feet deep. Facing the grand entrance and arranged in a semi- 
 circle are eight great elevators, and from the front court rise two grand stairways 
 leading clear to the top of the building. A central hall extends north and south on 
 each floor and a tranverse one also extends into the wings. The lower courts and halls 
 are resplendent with marble mosaic paving, while plain marble is used in the upper 
 halls. In height the temple is a "sky-scraper," extending thirteen stories towards the 
 heavens. A peculiar and pleasing effect has been gained by causing the building line 
 to retreat at the tenth story, where the immense roof, containing three stories, com- 
 mences, breaking as it ascends into Gothic turrets. From the center of these turrets 
 spring a fleche of gold bronze seventy feet high. This is surmounted by the graceful 
 form of a woman, whose face is upturned and hands outstretched in prayer. On the 
 granite around the grand entrance are carved the coats of arms of the various States 
 of the Union. Upon the corner-stone is engraved the national legend of the W. C. T. 
 U : " For God, for Home and Native Land. 1890." On the reverse is the W. C. T. U. 
 monogram and beneath, " Organized 1874." Such is the general appearance of this 
 noble structure. The purposes for which it is utilized are manifold. On the lower floor 
 are located three banks and a memorial hall to be known as Willard Hall. It La need- 
 less to say that the name is in honor of that great temperance worker, Frances Willard. 
 The audience room will easily seat 800 people without the galleriesand is as entirch shut 
 off from the rest of the building as though it were not in it. The entrance is through 
 a wide had opening off Monroe street. It is an amphitheatre in shape and in the c enter 
 will be a beautiful fountain. Nearly every window in it is a handsome memorial one, 
 and from numerous pedestals rise the busts of illustrious persons who have lived and 
 
574 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 died lor the cause of temperance. The hall and the entrance leading to it are used as 
 tablets on which to inscribe the names of those who have subscribed the sum of $100 
 or over t the building fund. In a large vault opening off the hall will be kept a rec- 
 ord of the work done in each State in the Union. In short, Willard Hall is intended 
 to be to the temperance cause what Westminster Abbey is to England's great celebri- 
 ties. The Woman's National Publishing House find headquarters there, as well as the 
 W. C T. U. Most of the building, however, will be rented and the income from this 
 source it is est, mated will be $250,000 a year. It might be mentioned that little wood 
 has been used in the construction and the building is perfectly tire-proof. Work was 
 begun in July, 1890, and the temple was ready for occupancy in the month of May, 
 1892. The entire cost was about $1,100,000. Further south on La Salle street, at No. 
 187, is the 
 
 Calumet Building— A magnificent modern office structure, and one of the first of 
 the great buildings erected after the locating of the Board of Trade at the foot of the 
 street. The Calumet would be a more striking piece of architecture to-day if it were 
 not so close to some others which are still more striking. For instance, the 
 
 Home Insurance Building —At No. 205, just South of the Calumet, on the same side 
 of the street. [See Architecture.] This magnificent pile was originally nine stories 
 in height, but two additional stories were added in 1890-91, making it one of the tallest 
 structures, as well as one of the most graceful, in the city. The grand entrance on 
 LaSalle st. is one of peerless beauty— a veritable marble hall, and a portal such as no 
 palace in Europe can boast of. The entire building from the first to the eleventh 
 floor is wainscoted in Italian marble of the finest vein, and is beautifully matched 
 and polished. Messrs. Ducat & Lyon have had the management of the magnificent 
 edifice in charge from its inception to the present time. As you enter the building 
 two flights of marble stairways face you, both leading to an entresol, on the right of 
 which is the Union National Bank (see Union National Bank) and on the left the 
 counting house of Armour & Co. The Union National Bank interior is perhaps the 
 most beautiful in Chicago. There will be no objection to our taking a view of it. We 
 are under the eye of the Bank's private detective from the time we enter, and even if 
 we weren't there isno opportunity here for carrying away any of the funds, unless 
 we have a check in our possession and can be properly identified. The money vaults 
 and counters are all securely walled in behind glass, bronze and mahogany, only the 
 president, cashier and assistant cashier being outside— the former in the rotunda, the 
 latter in a private room to the right. The furniture and fixtures of this beautiful 
 interior are the work of the well-known house of A. H. Andrews & Co. [See 
 A. H. Andrews & Co.] Let us walk across the entresol and enter the counting 
 house of 
 
 Armour & Co. — This is one immense office —taking in the entire first floor 
 space of the north wing of the building. Did you ever see such a hive? There 
 must be three hundred employes of all grades here, the majority of whom are 
 Avriting at little desks arranged in a manner suggestive of the school-room. 
 A great many of those who are not writing are managers of departments, and these 
 are talking business to callers. And there is a perfect procession of callers. You 
 can not see anybody unless you are announced by young men standing near the door. 
 They call the person you want to see. The person you want to see has other callers 
 and you must wait. The central figure in this great room, of course, is Mr. P. D. 
 Armour. He sits at a table-desk to the left, and may be engaged in looking over a 
 newspaper, or in conversation with a visitor or one of his department managers. 
 Whatever he is doing he has a pleasant, benevolent, kindly expression on -his face, 
 
THE GUIDE. 575 
 
 and his face is the index to his character. The name of Armour & Co. is familiar to the 
 people of all countries. It is interesting- to notice with what perfect system the estab- 
 lishment is conducted. Of course we don't see the bustling- side of it in the Counting 
 House. We must go to the Stock Yards for that. LSee Union Stock Yards-] The 
 Northwestern Masonic Aid Association, of Chicago, the largest insurance company in 
 Illinois, and the second largest simi'.ar organization in the world, has its home office in 
 this building, occupying nearly the entire tenth floor, which is required for the accom- 
 modation of its immense business. Here is received and disbursed to the widows and 
 orphans of its deceased members about $^000,000 annually. A visit to their offices will 
 he of interest, for there can be seen the thorough system necessary to the successful 
 p osecution of the business of life insurance. And the president, Daniel J. Avery, or 
 the secretary, J. A. Stoddard, will give us a cordial welcom -, for they invite inspection 
 of their business. There are a number of banking houses in the Home Insurance 
 building, beside safety vau.ts, etc., all of which are worth visiting. On the opposite 
 side of the street, up one tight of stairs, in a plainly furnished office overlooking 
 Adams street, we might find the millionaire, George L- Dunlap, who during recent 
 years has practically retired from active service, although he is still a power in the 
 money center. You can spend the remainder of the day on these corners. Perhaps 
 you would like to go through the 
 
 Rand-McNalli; Building— Where the World's Fair headquarters are located. If 
 so, you will find this to be one of the most magnificent structures in the world. 
 The publishing and printing house of Rand, McNally & Co. started in 1856, 
 since which date the remarkable growth of its map and book-publishing busi- 
 ness has necessitated several removals and enlargements of quarters. Every 
 time it has shortly found itself cramped for room, until the recent removal 
 into the new building, 162 to 174 Adams st., which makes ample provisions for 
 future expansion. This building is a model in size, convenience and durability, 
 and absolutely fire-proof. It has ten stories and a basement, with a frontage of 
 150 feet on Adams st., extending back 166 feet to Quincy st. The framework is 
 entirely of steel, the two fronts are fire-proofed with dark-red terra-cotta. in hand- 
 some designs, and the interior is fire-proofed with hard-burnt fire-clay, no part of the 
 steel being exposed. In the center of the building is left a court 60x66 feet, having its 
 outer walls faced with English white enamelled bricks. Owing partly to its great 
 size, and partly to the fact that it is the first steel building in Chicago, besides being 
 probably the largest and most complete building ever erected exclusively for the 
 printTng and publishing business, it is exciting a great deal of interest. Burnham & 
 Root were the architects. The following facts concerning it illustrate in a striking 
 manner the vastness and solidity of a modern commercial building. It contains 15 
 miles of steel-railway-65-pound rails in the foundation, besides the 12-inch and 20-incb 
 steel beams. There are 12 miles of 15-inch steel beams and channels, 2}4 miles of ties 
 and angles in the roof ; 7 miles of tie rods ; 10 miles of Z steel in the columns ; 12 miles of 
 steam-pipe ; 350,000 rivets and bolts ; 7 acres of floors ; the boards of which would reach 
 250 miles were they laid end to end. The foundations contain 1,000 tons of steel, while 
 the beams, etc., will weigh 2,000 tons, and the columns 700 tons ; making a total of 3,7 
 tons of steel in this giant structure. The offices of the various departments of the 
 Columbian Exposition are accessible by elevator. Just now everybody from the 
 Director General down is very busy, but that need not prevent you from looking 
 around. They will answer your questions civilly— everybody is civil in Chicago— but 
 don't ask too many at present. Perhaps you would prefer to drop into the 
 
 Insurance Exchange Building— Another magnificent structure, on the corner of 
 Adams and La Salle, which is devoted altogether to banks and offices. Here a num- 
 
57b GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 ber of the leading operators on the Board of Trade are to be found. To-morrow we 
 will begin by visiting the great building on the opposite corner. 
 FIFTH DAY. 
 
 It wouldn't be a waste of time if we were to give a week to La Salle st. alone, but 
 as we must see the principal attractions of Chicago in thirty-one days it is necessary 
 for us to move along rapidly. To-day, as I suggested last evening, we will begin with 
 the 
 
 Rookery Building.— How it came by this odd name is explained in the " Encyclope- 
 dia." You will also find some interesting facts in regard to it under the head of 
 '• Architecture." Chicago people are not exactly settled in their minds as to whether 
 the " Rookery " or the " Chamber of Commerce " is the finest office building in the city. 
 The Rookery is the larger, however, and in many respects the most elegant of our 
 office structures. It cost, exclusive of the ground upon which it stands (the property 
 of the municipality), very nearly $1,500,000. It is finished in the most expensive fashion 
 throughout. There isn't a cheap feature connected with it. The grand rotunda is in 
 itself a beautiful bit of architecture, but the building to be properly appreciated must 
 be taken as a whole. There is not a commercial structure in the world that compares 
 with it in size, in elegance or in convenience. There are three distinct groups of ele- 
 vators, two on the La Salle st. and one on the Monroe st. side, and the people occupy- 
 ing the top floors are practically as well situated, so far as accessibility is concerned, 
 as those on the first floor. The Mosaic work in the structure is superb. Like the 
 Chamber of Commerce and Home Insurance buildings, the wainscoting is ali of Ital- 
 ian marble. Every room in the building is lighted perfectly. There is not the slightest 
 jar felt here, and those in the upper stories are practically removed from the noise 
 and bustle of the streets below. There are over 600 offices here, all occupied, the ten- 
 ants being principally Board of Trade men, agents of Eastern and foreign mercan- 
 tile houses, agents of manufacturing concerns real estate dealers, brokers and lawyers. 
 We will go through the building, beginning at the top. It will consume an hour or two, 
 perhaps, but it will be time well spent. As we leave the Rookery we are in the center 
 of the Board of Trade district, and we are surrounded by massive structures. Oppo- 
 site us is the Insurance Exchange building, which we saw yesterday, Mailer's building, 
 the Gaff building and the Counselman building— all great structures towering upward 
 from ten to twelve stories. To our left as we move south is the Grand Pacific Hotel [see 
 Hotels"], and facing us the Board of Trade building. [See Board of Trade building.] 
 You have been told about the Board of Trade already; given its dimensions, cost, etc.; 
 informed how to gain admittance to the gallery, etc. It is only necessary for me to 
 show you up the main stairway and leave you here for the next two hours. You 
 are just in time to see the Board in full operation. From the gallery you wul have a 
 perfect view of the floor. After you leave there you will have time to go through t he 
 Rialto building in the rear, and, perhaps, to see the great buildings which line Pacific 
 ave. on the one side and Sherman st. on the other. Among the structures worthy of a 
 visit are the Phoenix building, which faces the Grand Pacific; the Grand Pacific itself; 
 the Traders' building, 10 Pacific ave.; the Commerce building, 16 Pacific ave.; the Open 
 Board building, 24 Pacific ave.; the Brother Jonathan building, 2 Sherman st ; the 
 Wheeler building, 6 Sherman st.; and the 
 
 Royal Insurance Building.— Situated on Jackson st., between La Salle and Fifth 
 ave., and at the head of Sherman st., almost opposite the Board of Trade. The Royal 
 Insurance building, in accordance with the latest dictates of modern architecture, is 
 composed of a pressed brick rear Avith an imposing facade of brown sandstone carved 
 into beautiful figures. The style may be termed Ionic, with an admixture of Corin- 
 thian on the lower floors, where the windows and main entrances are arched and sculp- 
 
THE GUIDE. 577 
 
 tured in many fanciful designs. The interior appointments are on a scale of magnifi- 
 cence in keeping with the exterior design. The offices are large, well lighted and well 
 ventilated. This building practically fronts on two streets— Jackson and Quincy. By 
 the time you have visited these buildings you will need a rest. 
 
 SIXTH DAY. 
 
 Before leaving the Board of Trade district, a few words concerning that portion of 
 the city may be of interest to you. The great fire of 1871 left the neighborhood per- 
 fectly bare as far south as Harrison st. For nearly ten years after the fire the only 
 buildings of prominence in that section of the city were the Grand Pacifie Hotel and 
 the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Depot. The latter couJd be seen plainlj r from 
 Madison st. The block in front, now covered by the Board of Trade and the Rialto 
 buildings, Avas vacant. To the east was Pacific, then known as " Biler " ave., one of 
 the most disreputable streets of the city, built up with hastily constructed tenements 
 which were occupied by the most depraved of men and women, black, white and 
 mixed. The name "Biler" ave., originated in the mispronunciation of "Boiler," a 
 nick-name given to the street, because of the number of locomotives belonging to 
 the Rock Island and Lake Shore roads which puffed day and night along its western 
 edge. Next, to the east, came South Clark st., a thoroughfare given over to low saloons, 
 pawnbrokers' shops, " fences" for thieves, concert saloons, dance houses; low grogeries 
 and bagnios. East of Clark st. was Fourth ave., another street surrendered almost 
 entirely to the lowest class of scarlet women. One high building stood on the street 
 and was occupied in part by the Religio-Philosophical Journal. Its editor, a man 
 named Pike, was murdered at his desk in this building, about the time I am speaking 
 of. East of Fourth ave. was Dearborn st., a "No Thoroughfare," and without a build- 
 ing worth mentioning, although squatters had taken possession of it from Jackson 
 st. south to Polk st. East of Dearborn was Third ave., a street of dives.and bagnios 
 just a trifle lower than any yet named. Then came State St., which from Van Buren 
 to Twenty-second st., was occupied by the very scum of the population, and utterly 
 abandoned to vice and criminals. The entire district from Van Buren st. south to 
 Twenty-second st., and from the railroad tracks to and including the east line of State 
 st., was in the hands of thugs, thieves, murderers and prostitutes. In the midst of it 
 was the Harrison st. or "Armory" police station, and the policemen who were sent 
 out to do patrol duty in this section were frequently brought back on stretchers. 
 There were portions of the district which no policemen would dare to enter alone in 
 the day-time,and which it would have been suicidal for him to enter in the night-time. 
 Some of the bravest officers on the force were shot or stabbed, or beaten so badly 
 that they were never again able to perform their duties. The territory received the 
 name of 
 
 " C/icyenne."— This name was given to it because when the Union Pacific railroad 
 was being constructed, and for several years afterward Cheyenne was the wickedest, 
 town on the line. To-day, Cheyenne is a peaceable and prosperous little city, and 
 its people have retaliated by dubbing the only disorderly part of their town " Chicago." 
 S. State st. was known for years as 
 
 "Tlie Levee" -A name which still clings to it in police circles, although it has gone 
 through an almost complete transformation, physically and morally. The name 
 "Levee" was used because the Levees of the Mississippi river towns bore the 
 reputation of being generally tough, and because they were and are the haunts of a 
 vicious class of negroes. The entire negro population of Chicago gravitated toward 
 "Cheyenne " and the "Levee" before and after the great fire, and S. Clark and S. State 
 sts. to-day are much frequented by colored people. A mighty change has come over 
 this district during a decade. 
 
 Pacific Avenue is no longer given over entirely to the vicious and criminal classes, 
 
578 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 as formerly, although I wouldn't advise you to take your evening walks on the south- 
 ern part of it. Many magnificent commercial structures now line this thoroughfare. 
 On the avenue, opposite the Rock Island depot, is Marshall Field & Co.'s barn, a 
 splendid building in itself and devoted to the use of the firm's magnificent draught 
 horses and the men who care for them. This building has been enlarged during recent 
 years and I am told that some of the upper floors are used for the storage of " reserve 
 stock." In view of the fact that the firm has the largest wholesale building in the 
 city; that it occupies its old wholesale store as a warehouse for reserve goods, and that 
 t carries constantly an immense amount of stock in the U. S. bonded warehouses' 
 this will strike you as being strange. But it seems as though it is difficult for Marshall 
 Field & Co. to find storage room enough. We will talk about this firm later on, how- 
 ever. A trip down 
 
 South Clark Street will be interesting. The morals of this thoroughfare have not 
 improved very much during recent years. Modern improvements have steadily 
 encroached, however, upon the rookeries which have lined- this artery since the fire, 
 and now south of Jackson st. we find some handsome structures of the most modern 
 type, notably the Hotel Grace, Gore's Hotel and McCoy's Hotel. But further to the 
 south are the dens and dives that have made the street infamous. Just here,. at the 
 southeast corner of Van Buren and Clark sts., is the Pacific Mission. For years it was 
 Jerry Monroe's " Pacific Garden," and the resort of the vilest of the vile. A few doors 
 below a Polish Jew, named Lesser Freidberg, kept a pawn-broker's shop and " fence " 
 for thieves about eleven years ago. One night the branch house of E.S. Jaffrey & Co., 
 of New York, which occupied the building on Fifth ave., between Madison and Wash- 
 ington sts., latterly the Chicago Herald office, was entered by burglars and robbed . 
 The stolen goods were placed in a wagon, which was driven to Freidberg's. Just as 
 the burglars were unloading it a police officer named Race came along. His suspic- 
 ions were aroused and he attempted to capture one of the thieves supposed to be 
 Johnny Lamb. The thief shot him dead, right here, in front of the shop, jumped into 
 the wagon and drove off. Lamb and another thief named " Sheeny George " were 
 arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to be hanged, but escaped all punishment for 
 this crime finally. Freidberg was sent to the penitentiary for five years. He was a 
 wealthy man at the time of his arrest. The last time I saw him he was mending con- 
 victs' clothing in the penitentiary at Joliet, about the most humiliating work that could 
 possibly be assigned him. He came out and found that his wife had secured a divorce. 
 His property was all gone. He was arrested a short time ago for vagrancy. There is 
 a moral here, but you may not see it. Pawnbrokers' shops kept by Polish Jews are to 
 be found all along here. Wherever you find poverty and vice you will also find pawn- 
 brokers' shops. They seem to pull together. I don't know how many of them are 
 " fences" for thieves now, but you may rest assured that some of them are. Only a 
 short time ago just such an institution as that managed by the late Mr. Fagin was 
 broken up down here. In this instance the fence-keeper's name was Levi. Here we 
 pass concert saloons conducted by a class of men who bear a name which I need not 
 mention. Here also we come upon "gin mills," conducted by bloated and murderous- 
 looking ruffians, who will first stupefy and then rob you, if you give them a chance. 
 It is in these dives that men are " doped." If there were fewer of them there would be 
 fewer " floaters " picked up in the Chicago river. Here we pass the brothels and 
 bagnios, where depraved women, white and black, pursue their avocations and carry 
 on, in company with the males of their class, nightly orgies that are either unseen or 
 unnoticed by the police. Respectable people are not in much danger down here, for 
 the very good reason that respectable people are seldom to be found loitering around 
 this neighborhood. We are in 
 
THE GUIDE. 579 
 
 The Slums.— It was quite the " fad " in fashionable circles not long since to " go 
 slumminsr," and the city detectives were frequently requested to conduct a party of 
 nice young ladies and gentlemen through the vicious quarters of the city. It is no 
 longer a "fad," although the practice has by no means died out. Such an excursion 
 has its advantages as well as its drawbacks. While a young lady can not very well see 
 an.v thing during a " slumming " trip that is not repugnant to her finer sensibilities, and 
 while she will see much that is shocking, or ought to be, to her modesty, yet she will 
 learn that the path of vice is a thorny one, and that her fallen sisters are more in need 
 of her pity than they are deserving of her scorn. While the great majority of the 
 lewd women of the city spring from the lower ranks ©f society, and are, as a matter 
 of fact, born into viciousness, a great number of them are giro's who were well born, 
 well reared and well educated. The causes of their downfall are innumerable, and, 
 strange as it may appear, but very few of them can trace their ru n back to the deceit 
 or perfidy of man. In not an inconsiderable number of instances these fallen women 
 who come from the higher walks of society owe their misfortune primarily to an ambi- 
 tion, unsupported by an ability, to shine as actresses. We might walk all over this dis- 
 trict and find merely a repetition of the scenes which surround us now. In a little 
 while we will leave the district and the subject behind us. But first let us call your 
 attention to the 
 
 Lodging Houses.— There are cheap lodging houses scattered throughout the city. 
 There are some on the North Side and some on the West Side, but the lowest class of 
 lodging houses are located down this way. Here the wearied traveler may secure a 
 night's lodging for five cents. That is, by going down into the cellar and paying over 
 a nickel to the proprietor, he will be permitted to climb into one of the bunks ranged 
 in tiers along either side of the dismal cavern. The bunk is without mattress or bed- 
 ding. It is simply the soft side of a pine board. But it beats walking the streets. If 
 it be winter, there is a blazing fire in a stove which stands in the middle of the cellar. 
 If it be summer, the cellar is cool. No robberies are ever committed in these cellars, 
 for obvious reasons. There are no signs cautioning guests to place their jewelry and 
 money in the office safe. Such a caution would be looked upon as heartless and bitter 
 irony. But there are cellars where the traveler, for ten cents, may secure a bunk with 
 a straw mattress. These are considered among the patrons of the five-cent cellars 
 places of gilded luxury. Again, there are lodging houses where a bedstead -a real 
 bedstead, with real bedding and real bed covering— may be secured per night at the 
 uniform rate of fifteen cents. And a single room can be rented for twenty-five cents. 
 But only the aristocrats of " Cheyenne'' 1 and the " Levee " squander their money for 
 twenty-five cent rooms. Twenty-five cents to most of the lodging-house patrons means 
 thi-ee drinks of barrel-house whisky, a free lunch, a cigar and a bed. We will take in 
 South State street before we part for the day. The purchase of a long strip of prop- 
 erty along this thoroughfare by the Santa Fe railway company resulted in the demo- 
 lition of a large number of the disreputable houses which lined one side of it a few 
 j ears ago. South State street is growing better year after year. To-morrow we will 
 look around reconstructed, reformed and rebuilt "Cheyenne." 
 SEVENTH DAY. 
 
 No portion of the city has undergone a more complete transformation and refor- 
 mation during the past ten years than that section which is penetrated on the north 
 by Fourth ave., Dearborn st. and Third ave. As before remarked, Dearborn st. up to 
 ten years ago was not even opened. To-day it is lined from Adams to Polk st. with some 
 of the most magnificent buildings in the city. The Post Office and Custom House, 
 sometimes called the Government building, stood practically alone here for many 
 years, except that it was faced by the Grand Pacific Hotel an 3 the Lakeside building on 
 the west, and by the Honore block on the north. Now it is hemmed in on all sides by 
 
580 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 palatial structures. On the southeast corner of Adams and Dearborn is the beautiful 
 Owings building, which rises to the height of fourteen stories, presenting a novel and 
 interesting innovation in architectural design. Just north of the building and directly 
 opposite the Post Office is the sixteen-story steel building, which is to be known as 
 
 The Great Northern Hotel. —This is now one of the largest first-class hotels of Chicago. 
 It is all finished in the highest style of art and conducted as a high- class commercial 
 hotel, on the European and American plans. On the southwest corner of Dearborn 
 and Jackson streets, and running through to Fourth avenue, are the twin structures, 
 known as the 
 
 Monadnock and Kearsarge buildings.— These magnificent piles occupy the entire 
 space lying between Jackson and Van Buren sts. and Dearborn and Fourth ave. The 
 Monadnock occupies the north half, the Kearsarge the south half of the area. They 
 form in reality but one building, and are divided in name merely because the undi- 
 vided structure is too large for the common person to find anybody in it. This is one 
 of the most imposing structures in the city. It is all steel, fire-proofed and finished in 
 granite and marble, sixteen stories high. On the Jackson and Van Buren st. fronts 
 two sets of bay windows run from the second story to the top, and on the Dearborn st. 
 and Fourth ave. sides two sets run from the second story to the top. The foundation and 
 walls are said to be the heaviest of any building in the city. The entire length is 409 
 feet by 66^1 feet in width. It was erected as an office block for the Brooks estate. No 
 saloons are allowed in this palatial structure. The building cost $3,000,000. Passing a 
 number of great buildings we come to the 
 
 Manhattan Building.— This colossal fire-proof structure overtopped until recently 
 every other office building in the city by at least three stories. Being situated on the 
 leading business and financial street in Chicago, near the Post Office, depots and 
 Board of Trade, with which it is connected by pneumatic tubes, it has become a very 
 popular structure. It has sixteen stories and basement of solid masonry and an inner 
 frame of steel and iron, incased in terra cotta. The interior is embellished with orna- 
 mental bronze and antique copper, polished marble and jaspis wainscoting, mosaic 
 floors and ornamental ceilings. The small amount of woodwork that enters into the 
 structure is antique oak. The appointments as to elevator service, electric light, heat 
 and general conveniences embrace every improvement known to modern science, and 
 are unequaled by any building as yet erected in Chicago. The 
 
 Monon Building— farther to the south on the right, so in the Manhattan, is a very 
 handsome and popular office building, and is occupied by persons more or less related 
 to the printing and publishing business. The cost of the Monon was $5CO,00) 
 and of the Manhattan, $800,( 00. The Manhattan was completed for occupancy late in 
 1891. The center of the district of sky-scrapers is reaching from the vicinity of the 
 Board of Trade down to this neighborhood on Dearborn street. There, within a year, 
 will stand completed in the radius of a block the following colossal buildings: Man- 
 hattan, Monon, Caxton, Monadnock, Kearsarge, Chicago and the fourteen-storied 
 pile of steel and glass at Dear ^orn and Harrison streets. Among those mentioned 
 
 The Caxton Building deserves our attention . This elegant structure, at 328 to 334 
 Dearborn street, is one of three buildings of its kind erected in this city. It is thor- 
 oughly fire-proof throughout, constructed of steel to beams and girders. The walls 
 are of terra-cotta and pressed brick, of the best quality, and the partitions are of hollow 
 tile. The offices are large and commodious and in their plans special care has been 
 taken tj finish them in a manner affording the greatest convenience and comfort to 
 the occupants. Just south, on the corner of Harrison and Dearborn streets, is 
 
 The Pontiac Building.— This is another wonderful structure, fourteen stories in hei^ ht, 
 and constructed entirely of steel. A large number of publishers may be found here. 
 
THE GUIDE. 581 
 
 The Graphic, the Western British American, the Orange Judd Farmer, Furniture, the 
 Figaro, and other popular publications are issued here. The Orcutt Lithographing 
 company is also to be found here, occupying two floors. Here also is published the 
 Banker's and Attorney's Register. In this building, from suite 1003, are issued "The 
 Standard Guide to Chicago," and " The Hand Book of the World's Columbian 
 Exposition," The Standard Guide Company (Flinn & Shepard) publishers. Further 
 south, to our left, w e come to the great building occupied t-y 
 
 Donahue & Henneberry, the printers, binders and publishers. This was one of the 
 first of the great office buildings erected on South Dearborn street. It has a frontage 
 also on Third avenue. It is eight stories in height and finished after the most modern 
 fashion. The upper part of the building is occupied by the various departments of 
 Donohue & Henneberry's establishment -counting rooms, offices, book rooms, com- 
 position rooms, bindery rooms, etc. The lower floors are given over to numerous 
 publishing firms, newspaper offices, advertising offices, printers' supply offices, etc. 
 The immense basement is occupied by Donohue & Henneberry's presses— book, job, 
 newspapez\ etc., of the latest and most approved modern make. The firm of Donohue 
 & Henneberry is one of the most prominent in the United States. It turns out an 
 immense number of bound volumes annually, besides catalogues and other printed 
 matter of the higher grade. Leaving Donohue & Henneberry's we find ourselves in 
 front of the beautiful Dearborn Station, which is described elsewhere in this volume. 
 Before abandoning the district for good, however, we will walk north on Third avenue. 
 This locality, as you will notice, is given over to interests connected with the 
 printing business. Immense job printing establishments, printing press salesrooms, 
 printing ink depots, weekly newspaper offices, patent-inside and ?patent-outside 
 offices, theatrical printing houses, binderies, etc., etc., are passed one after another 
 until we find ourselves on Jackson street once more. The 
 
 Post Office Building is referred to elsewhere. [See Post Office.] It will be torn down 
 or else it will fall down before long. LThe Honore building on the northwest corner of 
 Dearborn and Adams streets was formerly the pride of the city. It is a great struct- 
 ure now, but old-fashioned. The great new "Fair" building is being erected opposite. 
 [See Fair Building.] The 
 
 Temple Court Building, at 217 Dearborn street, is close by. This structure has 200 
 offices and is one of the handsomest in the city. To the north is the 
 
 Adams Express Building, one of the finest office structures in the city, ten stories 
 in height and elegantly finished. Next to it is the Commercial National Bank building, 
 another beautiful edifice. Across the street is the Howland Block, erected by H. H. 
 Honore, and at one time pronounced the finest office building in the country, but at 
 present a back number. On the next corner, same side of the street, or, to be exact, on 
 the northeast corner of Dearborn and Monroe streets, is the 
 
 First National Banlt Building— & structure frequently referred to in this volume. 
 [See First National Bank.] This building was erected on the site of the old 
 Post Office and Custom House, destroyed by fire in 1871. After the fire the ruin was 
 transformed into the Adelphia, afterward Haverly's Theatre. The First National 
 Bank secured a lease of the ground from the School Board, and erected a $500,000 
 block upon it in 1882. The bank pays 6 per cent, on the value of the property. The 
 building is six stories high, and is one of the most substantial structures in the country. 
 The entire first floor is used by the bank, and is said to be the finest and largest bank- 
 ing room in the world. The visitor will find this an interesting place during business 
 hours. [See Illustration.] Across the street is the office of the Evening Journal, 
 Thompson's immense restaurant where four thousand meals are served every day, 
 the Saratoga and the Windsor Hotels and the Stock Exchange building. [See Stock 
 
582 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Exchange.] On the southeast corner of Madison and Dearborn streets is the Tribune 
 building and publication office |_see Tribune] and on the corner diagonally opposite is 
 the Inter Ocean building and publication office. To the right, just half a block down 
 Madison street, is McVicker's theatre. Keeping straight ahead up Dearborn street 
 we pass many elegant buildings, and come to the 
 
 Portland Flock, on the southeast corner of Dearborn and Washington streets. This 
 is an imposing structure of modern design. Built soon after the fire, the Portland 
 block stands as a monument to the energy of capitalists whose faith in the future of 
 Chicago was not shaken by the overwhelming misfortune. They had no scruples 
 about placing $200,C00 in this structure, which has always ranked as a popular place 
 for the old and conservative men engaged in professional and mercantile pursuits. 
 To keep pace with modern improvements its owners have recently spent $30,000 in 
 providing new light-shafts and lowering the entrance to the level of the street. Sixty 
 suites of rooms are occupied principally by lawyers and capitalists. Crossing Wash- 
 ington street we come to the 
 
 Chemical Bank Building, one of the most magnificent structures of its kind in the 
 city. The building is owned by the Abstract Safety Vault Company. There are 1 L4 
 elegant offices in the building, arranged in suites of three rooms each, fitted up in 
 the most modern style. We come now to the 
 
 Un : ty Building, a sixteen-story structure, of steel and glass, and one of the most 
 graceful specimens of modern commercial architecture to be seen here This building 
 bears a name which is familiar to all old Chicagoans. The former Unity building was 
 considered a first-class office structure after the great fire, but it soon passed into the 
 fourth or fifth class. It is said the McCormick Block, adjoining, is to be torn down to 
 make room for another immense office building. The new sky scraper will probably 
 be erected after the Fair. The McCormick block has a frontage of 100 feet on 
 Dearborn street and a frontage of eighty feet on Randolph street. This property 
 was purchased by L. J. McCormick from C. H. McCormick, March 26, 1877, for 
 $35 n ,OOJ. Mr. McCormick has since refused $450,000 for his purchase. The prop- 
 erty between the McCormick corner and the alley is now owned by Dr. T. G. 
 RicharJson. It has a Dearborn street frontage of eighty feet and a depth of 1-0 
 feet. It was purchased from Eugene S. Pike, in 1880, for $68,894. The building then 
 on the property was known as the Rice building. Dr. Richardson improved the build- 
 ing and called it the Unity building. Judge J. P Altgeld recently leased the Unity 
 Block property for a term of ninety-nine years, with the agreement to erect a building 
 costing not less than $150,000 before May 1, 1895. It now seems probable that four 
 years before the stipulated time these improvements will be inaugurated. The plan, 
 substantially, is to improve the entire 180 feet of frontage with one of the biggest office 
 and business buildings in Chicago. On our way north we pass the Borden Block, the 
 Tremont House and several other handsome buildings. It is now time to leave off 
 sight-seeing for the day. We will meet on the State street bridge to-morrow morning. 
 EIGHTH DAY. 
 
 Starting from State st. bridge this morning we will endeavor to do the great retail 
 avenue of Chicago, or at least a portion of it, before th i day closes. This thorough- 
 fare, as it opens out before us, from the slight elevati ,n on which we stand, is one of 
 tne grandest commercial arteries in the world. By looking up " State Street " in the 
 Index you will learn that it is the longest in the city, extending as it does from North 
 ave. to the southern limits, a distance of eighteen miles. There are streets in Paris, espe- 
 cially those converging at the Grand Opera House, which, by reason of the uniformity 
 of the style of architecture so closely adhered to under the last empire, present a more 
 pleasing view at first sight, perhaps, than does State st. from this point. This very uni- 
 formity in style soon becomes liresome, and the visito. i s half inclined to wish that it were 
 
THE GUIDE. 583 
 
 broken here and there, no matter how. If you are from Paris, State st. will remind 
 you of Avenue de l'Opera, or of the Avenue Malsherbes, from the steps of the Made- 
 laine ; if from Berlin, Frederich Strasse or Leipziger Strasse will be recalled to your 
 mind ; if from Vienna, you will see a resemblance to some sections of the Ring Strasse ; 
 if from London, Regent st. may be suggested ; if from Dublin, a part of Sackville st.< 
 although you will miss the Nelson Monuxent. All of the great streets of the world 
 to-day bear a strong resemblance to each other, although there is in reality a vast dif- 
 ference between them. But let us be moving. We pass 
 
 South Water St., and pause for a moment to look East and West. Here apparently 
 is a blockade and a confusion of tongues— wagon and human. The street is completely 
 clogged. It would be all your life is worth to venture down the middle of it, and you 
 can only pass along the sidewalks by climbing over fruit boxes, chicken crates and 
 barrels. There is a mixed odor here of onions, strawberries, California grapes, Florida 
 oranges, pickles, saur kraut, hay, wet straw, fresh fish and e;gs of uncertain age. 
 This is the great fruit, vegetable and poultry market of the city. You should visit this 
 street early in the morning and force your way through from one end to the other. 
 Pe haps you will witness more human activity here than 'anywhere else in Chicago, 
 excepting during business hours on the floor of the Board of Trade. But we can not 
 tarry longer. Moving south we pass the great wholesale grocery establishment of 
 Reid, Murdoch & Co. This is their principal, but not their only, warehouse. East of 
 here, on Michigan ave., extending to Central ave., they occupy several store-rooms. 
 We pass a number of prominent concerns, among them the immense glass and queens- 
 ware house of Pitkin & Brooks, at the northeast corner of State and Lake sts. This is 
 a house worth visiting, and you will have an opportunity further on of going through 
 the floors filled with all the novelties of foreign and domestic manufacture, in crystal, 
 ch'na and porcelain ware. We leave 
 
 Lake Street, formerly the great retai street of the city, behind us. It is now given 
 over to the hardware, cutlery, leather, rubber and machinery trade. Passing on we 
 come to the northeast corner of State and Randolph sts., where the walls of the great 
 
 Masonic Temple towers skyward above us. Here you will be interested for 
 some time. Here we find the most marvellous structure, taken as a whole, in 
 the center of the business district. The idea of a grand Masonic temple in 
 Chicago had been encouraged by Western Masons for the last twenty years. 
 Numerous agitations of the project were started but fell through, partly for want of 
 some one who was willing to take the responsibility, and partly because the money 
 could not be raised. For, though the Masons as individuals are wealthy, the lodges are 
 kept poor by their liberal charities and funeral expenses. In 1873 Norman T. Gassette, 
 then eminent commander of the Apollo Commandery, renewed the agitation of this 
 subject, in connection with a special effort to secure for the site of such a temple 
 the lot at the northeast corner of Dearborn and Monroe streets, on which the Stock 
 Exchange now stands. But there was no adhesiveness among the Masons whom he 
 was able to interest in the scheme, and the old trouble of a lack of money killed it. 
 The last and successful effort in behalf of this enterprise originated in December, 1889, 
 when Gil W. Barnard and Dr. J. B. Fatrich, of Van Rensselaer Lodge, issued a call for 
 a meeting of prominent Masons to consider this subject. This call had several other 
 names appended to i% among which was that of Mr. Gassette, and was addressed to 
 sixty Masons. The meeting took place in Mr. Barnard's office in the same month. The 
 result was that General John Corson Smith appointed a committee of ten, 
 with Mr. Gassette as chairman, to select a location for a Masonic Temple, to 
 devise ways and m?ans for erecting the building and to report to a meeting of the 
 craft to be held subsequently. The committee addressed itself to the task with great 
 energy, and about a month later a meeting of 120 members of the craft was called at 
 
584 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 the Oriental Consistory preceptory to hear their report and consider their recommen- 
 dations. The committee in the meanwhile had had several sites offered them, but had 
 definitely selected the lots at the northeast corner of State and Randolph streets. The 
 report was heard and approved in many particulars, and the committee was dis- 
 charged. Immediately thereafter, however, the meeting appointed Norman T. Gas- 
 sette, Amos Grannis and E. Et. Bliss a committee to carry out the plan that had been 
 proposed. There was no particular organization and everything devolved on this 
 committee, with no instructions but to "go ahead. 1 ' The committee took the meeting 
 at its word and went ahead in the most approved fashion. In less than a month, with- 
 out any organization or corporate authority whatever, it had purchased the site for 
 $1,100,000 and opened books for stock. On Apnl 4th, the Secretary of State, issued 
 articles of incorporation to the Ma?onic Fraternity Temple Association, with Norman 
 T. Gassette, Amos Grannis, E. R. Bliss, John Buehler and C. H. Blakeley as directors. 
 The officers subsequently elected were: Norman T. Gassette, president; Amos Gran- 
 nis, vice-president; E. R. Bliss, secretary; and Warren G. Purdy, treasurer. The com- 
 pany was capitalized at $2,000,000, and the price of stock was fixed at $100 per share. 
 
 The building is pronounced to be one of the finest in the world. Even a brief 
 description of it would seem to justify that opinion. The site, every inch of which it 
 covers, measures 170 feet on State st. by 114 feet on Randolph st., and is entirely sur- 
 rounded bv streets and alleys. The building rests on cement and iron foundations, 
 extending far out into the adjacent thoroughfares, and the superstructure is of steel, 
 and perfectly fire-proof f rom bottom to top. It has twenty stories, and the height of 
 the building is nearly 265 feet. The first three stories are faced with dressed red 
 Montello granite, from Wisconsin, with glimpses of carving, the corners being 
 ornamented with electral layers. The remaining stories are faced with gray brick 
 that is indist.nguishable from granite, each measuring four by five by fourteen 
 inches. Between the sixteenth and seventeenth stories terra cotta of the same 
 shade is used. No particular style of architecture can be predicated of this build- 
 ing, though the arches visible on some parts of the gigantic facade suggests 
 the Romanesque. The design presents a faint resemblance of a main building 
 fronts are finished in exactly the same costly and elegant style. There are three tiers 
 of deeply recessed bay windows on each front, extending from the third to the fif- 
 teenth story, both inclusive. The windows of the second and sixteenth stories are 
 combined in groups of two, within deep Roman arches. The seventeenth story is 
 treated separately from the rest of each facade; The entrance is through an immense 
 granite arch twenty-eight feet wide and forty -two feet high in the center of the State 
 street front. 
 
 This gorgeous edifice has an interior court something like that of the Chamber of 
 Commerce building, the floor of which measures 90 feet north and south by 45 feet east 
 and west. The walls of this court are faced from bottom to top with different colored 
 marble, and at the east side of it a magnificent bronze staircase ascends from the 
 ground floor to the roof. The interior finish of the building is of mos aic floors, marble 
 and onyx walls, and old oak woodwork. East of the court, disposed in a semi-circle, 
 are fourteen passenger and two freight elevators running from the basement to the 
 attic, and making a round trip every three minutes. The whole building is heated by 
 steam, and supplied with electrical and pneumatic connections in great prof usion. The 
 basement is devoted to an immense cafe, with its appurtenances, and waiting rooms, 
 toilet rooms, coal rooms and boiler rooms. Perhaps the most surprising thing that 
 
THE GUIDE. 585 
 
 can be said concerning- this immense buiiding is that every floor of it from the pave- 
 ment to the eleventh floor inclusive is fitted up for shops. There are also four shop 
 like booths on the floor of the court. The floors from the eleventh to the sixteenth 
 inclusive are fitted up as business offices. Above the sixteenth floor, and beneath the 
 roof, everything is sacred to masonry. On the seventeenth floor the entire south wing, 
 50 by 109 feet in size, is devoted to a drill hall. The similar space in the north wing is 
 divided between the blue lodge rooms. The intermediate room, on the State street 
 front, 40 by 80 feet in size, is a banqueting hall. On the eighteenth floor, over the drill 
 hall is a gorgeous consistory room, with arched roof and galleries on three sides. Over 
 the banqueting hall are parlors. Over the blue lodge rooms is the Apollo Command- 
 e.y preceptory. In the remaining two stories are a number of smaller rooms. 
 Even here the description does not end, for on the roof of the building there are 
 to be hanging gardens, covered with glass roof and walls that are to rival the abode 
 of the gods. It is given out that there may be refreshments up there, but everything 
 that inebriates will be remorselessly banished. There is no danger that the people 
 who come here in 1893 to see the Columbian Exposition will go away disappointed. 
 Whatever the exposition may be, and there is every reason to believe it will be the 
 grandest ever held the city itself will have attractions enough to entertain the most 
 exacting of visitors. Chicago was here before the exposition was thought of ; it will 
 be here when the exposition shall ,have become but a faint memory, and, in itself, it 
 will always be worthy of a visit from the people of foreign lands. Directly across 
 Randolph street, and facing State street, is the 
 
 Central Music Hall, one of the finest concert and lecture rooms in the city. [See 
 Central Music Hall.] This elegant structure was erected by a number of public- 
 spirited capitalist--, whose interest was aroused by the late George B. Carpenter, a brainy, 
 brilliant and indefatigable young man, who had accomplished almost a life's work in 
 the way of creating and encouraging a taste for musical and literary entertainments 
 in Chicago before he was stricken down. He lived to see the Central Music Hall 
 dream realized, but passed away before he could reap the reward of his labors. His 
 death was mourned by his associates and regretted by the entire community. The 
 Central Music Hall, like other structures in this city which a few years ago were 
 looked upon and pointed out with justifiable pride, is to-day cast into the shade by 
 newer and more magnificent edifices ; but, nevertheless, it will remain, for many years 
 to come, an ornament to the neighborhood in which it stands. Walking south, we 
 pass the elegant show-windows of Burley & Co.'s china and glassware house, and the 
 beautiful display which we see inside tempts us to enter ; but you will postpone your 
 visit until I am through with you. We are now in the center of what was formerly 
 the 
 
 South Market Square of the city. [See Market Squares.] Here in other days stood 
 a market house after the fashion of the time, in which was located a police station, and 
 a volunteer fire company's apparatus. One night during the mayoralty of "Long " 
 John Wentworth that whimsical individual took it into his head to remove all the over- 
 hanging signs and awnings in the city. Chicago was still a country town, and in front 
 of nearly every store wasa permanent wooden awning, such as you will find to this day 
 much in vogue in the smaller Western and Southern cities. Chicago merchants have 
 always been tireless andjsleepless pursuers of trade and they advertised extensively then 
 as they do now, but in a different manner. In John Wentworth 's time they hung out 
 banners and wooden signs from the front windows of the buildings. They also used 
 immense Avooden signs elevated on posts which stood on the edge of the sidewalks. 
 These advertisements and highly colored awnings gave a lively and picturesque air to 
 the business center, but they also had their faults. They obstructed the sidewalks 
 and interfered with the volunteer fire department in the discharge of its duties. Mer- 
 
586 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 caants had fallen into the habit, likewise, of piling their empty goods cases on the 
 sidewalks, also, in the way of advertisement, and the merchant who could show the 
 greatest number of fresh-looking empty cases in front of his store in the spring and 
 fall was the one who received the credit of doing the greatest amount of business. 
 Well, " Long " John, as I have said, took it into his head one night to put an end to this 
 sort of business. He engaged every express and dray wagon in the town and hired 
 fifty or sixty laborers to execute his orders. Before morning the space all around the 
 south market house was covered with awnings, signs and dry goods boxes. No favors 
 were shown and no exceptions made. Many of the awnings were costly ones; some of 
 the signs had been painted in the East, but all were pulled down and piled together, 
 regardless of consequences. Of course the indignation in " business circles " next day 
 was intense, and of course "Long" John was the most unpopular man in town for 
 awhile, but the wisdom of his move was soon recognized even by the greatest sufferers, 
 and Chicago has never had any wooden awnings since. During a recent administra- 
 tion, however, awnings of another character have been winked at, and overhanging 
 wire signs again disfigure the business district. Sidewalk signs are also becoming 
 rather too common. Perhaps before the Columbian Exposition opens we will have a 
 mayor who is possessed of sufficient nerve to do his duty, even though by doing so he may 
 offend the proprietors of saloons and the managers of theatres. But this doesn't con- 
 cern you. The fact that this portion of State street was once a market square will 
 explain its extraordinary width. But it does not explain how the street came to be 
 widened as far south as Madison. There was a movement on foot years ago to increase 
 the width of the street to the south line of Madison. There were meetings of 
 property owners and there were special meetings of the city council . Resolutions 
 were adopted and meaningless ordinances were passed, looking to the desired end. A 
 certain man owned the greater part of the frontage on the west side of State, between 
 Randolph and Madison streets, where all those elegant buildings stand now. Property 
 was not quite so valuable here then as it is now, but a lot on State street represented a 
 small fortune even in those days. The man who owned this frontage was a quiet, 
 thoughtful, business man then, as he is -now. His name was and is 
 
 Potter Palmer— While the citizens' meetings and the city council meetings were pass- 
 ing resolutions and enacting meaningless ordinances, Mr. Palmer was developing a 
 plan for the widening of State St., in his own mind. This plan was a. simple one. He 
 carried it out. How? By presenting the city of Chicago with the frontage, taken from 
 his own lots, necessary to give this section of State st. a uniform width. He did it 
 modestly. It was done so quickly and so quietly that the citizens and the city council 
 were taken by surprise. There was no further business, so far as State st. was con- 
 cerned, before them, and they adjourned. The sacrifice made by Mr . Palmer was a great 
 one. Every foot of the property he so generously gave away for the public good 
 represented a large sum of money. Nobody has ever heard him speak of it, however. 
 Only old citizens remember it now. Potter Palmer's generosity made State st. what it 
 is to-day, for if it had not been widened the retail business would have long since 
 sought another avenue not far away. And while I am on this subject, I want to say 
 to you, not exactly what I think about Potter Palmer, but what all Chicagoans who 
 know anything about this man feel. To Potter Palmer, more, perhaps, than to any 
 living man, is due the present greatness of Chicago. His influence has always been a 
 mighty, if a silent, force, in the development of this city. He has never lost faith in 
 her future. Time and again his counsel, his judgment and his purse have saved the 
 credit of the community abroad. When the reaction which followed the civil war set 
 in, when values became demoralized, when the shrinkage in prices destroyed the capi- 
 tal of some of the strongest houses in existence here, Potter Palmer stood as firm as a 
 rock between our merchants and bankruptcy, and compelled their creditors to make 
 
THE GUIDE'. 587 
 
 fair and honorable terms. After the great fire, though one of the heaviest sufferers, 
 he was one of the first to step into the debris and proclaim that Chicago should not 
 only be rebuilt, but should arise from its ashes greater than ever. The story of the 
 rebuilding of the Palmer House, which we will see farther down the street, if prop- 
 erly told, would read like a fairy tale. By day and by night, unc'er the blaze of the 
 sun and in the glare of torches and calcium lights, the work never ceased until the 
 magnificent structure was completed. Practically penniless, then, and for years 
 afterward, Potter Palmer commanded unlimited credit at home and abroad. The 
 man's integrity was his capital, and it secured for him the means whereby he has 
 been enabled, during the past twenty years, not only to retrieve the fortune he had 
 lost in a single night,but to build up a new and a greater one. The great retail houses 
 which we see on either side of the street, as far as the eye can reach, have all grown 
 up during a remarkably brief period. The oldest of them, in comparison with Euro- 
 pean houses are merely in their infancy. This is a busy street. We will have to 
 stand close to the edge of the sidewalk or we will be carried along by the crowd. 
 I don't think you ever saw so many well-dressed people anywhere. Most of them are 
 ladks. There is a good deal of what the world calls style to be seen aJong here at 
 all hours of the day. Just now the young ladies are pouring out of the 
 
 Chicago College of Music, located in the Central Music Hall building. This institu- 
 tion is conducted under the management of Dr. F. Ziegfeld, and a board of directors, 
 consisting of Rev. Dr. H. W. Thomas, Wm. M. Hoyt, Gen. Chas. Fitz Simons, Dr. F. 
 Ziegfeld, Dr. Philip H. Matthei, N. K. Fairbank, W. W. Kimball, J. Harley Bradley, 
 Jul'us Rosenthal, F. Ziegfeld, Jr. The faculty is a large one and said to be the best 
 in the country. This college has graduated some of the leading musicians of the 
 day. The young ladies you see coming out now evidently belong to the junior 
 class. Every one of them carries a roll of music, bound up in a patent leather case, 
 in her dainty hand. This evening, should you chance to be on one of the avenues or 
 the boulevards, you will hear her entertaining her fond parents, or perhaps her 
 fonder lover, with some elementary exercises. Young ladies, I believe, no longer play 
 tne '■ Maiden's Prayer, 1 ' or the " Monastery Bells," as they did in my time. T hear 
 that they have dropped even the "Thunderstorm," which used to involve the cross- 
 ing of hands and the screwing of the hurricane pedal to the parlor floor. While 
 we are here I might as well tell you that this is the starting point of all the South 
 Side and many of the West and North Side street cars. The West Side cable loop is 
 farther west at present, but it is probable that the West Side cars will swing around 
 here again, as they formerly did, before many months go by. I will leave you here 
 to watch the crowds and to follow them if you wish. 
 NINTH DAY. 
 
 I am glad that you enjoyed your afternoon on State street. It was a beautiful 
 day for a promenade, and you wound it up quite appropriately by spending the even- 
 ing at the Columbia. This evening you should attend the Chicago Opera House per- 
 formance. To-morrow evening go to Hooley's and next evening to the Grand Opera 
 House. Under the heading of " Amusements " you will learn something about these 
 places. To-day we find ourselves in front of the dry goods palace which bears the 
 naire of 
 
 Marshall Field & Co.— You have heard of Field's before. Everybody in this coun- 
 try has, and, in commercial circles, at least, the house is known throughout the civil- 
 ized world. It is not only the greatest dry goods establishment in this country, but 
 greater than any in existence abroad. This is the retail store; the wholesale house we 
 will see later on. Perhaps you remember that the style of this firm only a few years 
 ago was Field, Leiter & Co. Mr. Leiter retired, and Mr. Field remained, forming a 
 
588 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 new partnership, and great as the house was when the dissolution took place— a disso- 
 lution, by the way, which surprised and startled the country at the time— it is three 
 times as great to-day. I can not do better than to give you here, word for word, what 
 a writer in the New York Sun, in 1891, told his readers regarding this great establish- 
 ment. It would be impossible for me to improve upon it, for this writer evidently 
 procured his information from persons who were acquainted with the history, the pol- 
 icy and business of the house and its principal owner. The American merchant, says 
 this writer, who in point of wealth and vaitness of business dealings must be ranked 
 first among "the rich by honest brains and industry 1 ' is a man whose name is unfa- 
 miliar to most of the readers of the Sun. His home is not in New York but in Chi- 
 cago, and even there he is personally little known in comparison with the promi- 
 nence to which his position in the business and social world entitles him. He is 
 
 Marshall Field, the head of the great house of Marshall Field & Co., general mer- 
 chants. The career of no great leader in commercial affairs furnishes an example of 
 the wise application of sound principles and safe conservatism so striking as does that of 
 Mr.Field. Thestory of hissuccessisehort and simple. Itcontainsno exciting chapters, 
 but in its very dullness lies one of the most valuable secrets of the almost boundless 
 prosperity which it records. But the career of a man who, starting with no capital 
 save brains and energy, accumulates many millions and builds up the greatest mercan- 
 tile house in the world, is pregnant with interest, no matter how lacking it may bo in 
 dramatic action. Its most encouraging feature, indeed, is the fact that it contains 
 nothing extraordinary; that there is nothing in it which any man of the same natural 
 equipment may not hope to accomplish. The secret of Marshall Field's success lies 
 partly in his business methods and partly in his environment. The ordinary biograph- 
 ical features of his career may almost be described in a paragraph. Like many another 
 of the men who have been foremost in creating the mighty West, Mr. Field is a New 
 England farmer's son. He was born fifty-five years ago among the hills of Conway, 
 one of the most charming of little western Massachusetts towns. His early years were 
 those of most farmer lads. He received a good education in the public schools and 
 the local academy of his native town; bat his tastes were mercantile rather than agri- 
 cultural. In 1852, at the age of seventeen, he began his business career. He went to 
 Pittsfield, then as now the largest town in the Berkshire hills, and obtained employ- 
 ment as clerk in a general store. He remained there four years. In that time he had 
 outgrown the business and the town. There were no opportunities in sight for a 
 young man of large capacity and ambition. He went straight to Chicago, and there 
 he has been ever since. There was no guarantee at that time that the lake town would 
 ever become the Western metropolis. The town had plenty of ambition and pluck, 
 but the possibilities of greatness were scarce^ visible. Then and for a long 
 time afterward the prospects of St. Louis were by many considered the 
 brighter. But Mr. Field became a Chicagoan heart and soul. He has done 
 much for Chicago and Chicago has done much for him. The story of his success is a 
 wonderful close index of the history of the city's marvelous growth. An almost 
 exact parallel may be drawn during almost any of the thirty- five years between 
 the career of the individual and the history of the town. Man and city are of the 
 same age. Chicago, it may be said, was born in 1835, the year of Mr. Field's 
 birth. Her first census, showing some 4,000 inhabitants, was taken two years later. 
 The lusty young town became a full-fledged city of 50,000 or 60,000 people at just the 
 time when Mr. Field, having reached his majority in 1856, cast his lot with the other 
 builders of a metropolis. 
 
 Mr. Field secured employment as a clerk in the wholesale dry goods house of 
 Cooley, Farwell & Co. His equipment in the outset in his new field of labor w*is 
 health, brains, sound principles and ambition. Genuine worth did not have to wait 
 
THE GUIDE. 589 
 
 for dead men's shoes to secure recognition in the broader field in which the young- 
 man found himself. His good qualities were promptly discovered by his employers 
 and availed of to mutual advantage. Mr. Field remained in the capacity of clerk 
 only four years. In 1860 he was made a partner. In 1865 there was a partial reorgani- 
 zation, the new firm consisting of Mr. Field, L. Z. Leiter and Potter Palmer, under 
 the firm name of Field, Palmer & Leiter. Two years later Mr. Palmer withdrew, and 
 until 1881 the style of the firm was Field, Leiter & Co.— Mr. Leiter retiring in the latter 
 year— and since that time the firm has been Marshall Field & Co. 
 
 The Only Break in the unexampled growth of what has become the greatest mer- 
 cantile house in the world was that made by the fire of 1871. In that great calamity 
 Mr. Field suffered proportionately with the city itself. His firm then did business at 
 State and Washington streets, the present site of the retail house of Marshall Field tc 
 Co. Everything was swept away by the flames, involving a loss of $3,500,000. The 
 firm eventually recovered $2,500,000 insurance. The disaster was met with character- 
 istic energy and indomitable pluck. While the ruins still smoked new quarters 
 were opened by the firm in the street-car barns at State and Twentieth streets, and 
 rebuilding was at once begun on the old site. The firm also began the erection of a 
 separate wholesale house at Madison and Market streets. Their new buildings were 
 among the first of the permanent structures completed after the fire. The retail estab- 
 lishment was taken possession of in 1872, and it still ranks as one of the largest and best 
 appointed structures for retail trade in the country. Within a dozen years the new 
 wholesale quarters proved inadequate to the tremendous growth of business, and the 
 erection of the present great structure was begun in 1885. It was completed in 1887, 
 and it comprises probably the largest and best arranged building for mercantile pur- 
 poses in the world. It occupies an entire block, bounded by Adams, Franklin, and 
 Quincy streets, and Fifth avenue, in the heart of the business section. It is of granite 
 and sandstone, plain and substantial. Chicago smoke has turned it almost black, and 
 it looks somewhat like one of London's old and massive government buildings. The 
 unadorned structure bears no external indication of its use. There is no announce- 
 ment or sign upon it save a brass plate bearing the firm name at the main entrance on 
 Adams street. The interior is divided by two thick parti-walls into three sections 
 with communication, on each floor through double doors of heavy iron. The ground 
 floor of the middle section is occupied in part by the counting room, where scores of 
 clerks, seated at a vast array of desks, keep the books of the great establishment. In 
 the other sections and floors are the goods, systematically arranged for wholesale 
 trade. Probably under no one roof is gathered so vast a quantity of material designed 
 to meet the general wants of mankind. The greater part would be included under 
 the general term dry goods, but the variety is almost without limit, and it includes 
 carpets, curtain goods, and, in fact, about everything within the domain of house and 
 personal equipment ; and even now the great establishment is crowded so that this 
 broadest expansion possible under one roof is likely before long to prove too small 
 for the demands of trade . 
 
 TJie Business of Marshall Field Sc Co. has increased from $8,000,000 twenty years ago 
 to $35,COO,000 annually. No other house can approach these figures. The field covered 
 by the vast trade of Marshall Field & Co. is the West to the Pacific coast and the South 
 to the Gulf. New York houses control the Eastern market. This great volume of 
 business has yielded, in the aggregate, a fair profit. Fully $10,000,000 of unincumbered 
 real estate in the heart of the city is owned by him, and he is among the largest indi- 
 vidual holders in the West of railroad, palace car, and steel and iron stocks. 
 
 But this article is not designed to be a mere chronicle of Mr. Field's wonderful 
 success as a merchant. A point of greater interest is suggested by the inquiry: In 
 
590 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 what respects do Mr. Field's business methods and general policy diff er from those of 
 ordinary business men ? They do differ in two or three important particulars : Marshall 
 Field never gives a note ; he never bought a share of stock on margin ; he never bor- 
 rows; there is not a dollar's mortgage upon any piece of real estate or other property 
 which he owns ; he does business on a cash basis ; he buys for cash and sells on shorter 
 time than any of his competitors ; he holds his customers to a strict enforcement of 
 their contracts. 
 
 Many merchants would find it difficult, if not impossible, to do a successful busi- 
 ness governed by Mr. Field's maxims. Their application would involve a sharp con- 
 traction of their volume of trade and the sacrifice of many pet projects of investment 
 or speculation. No one can question the absolute solvency of a business conducted 
 according to Mr. Field's policy. No panic can shake it, few bad debts can swell the 
 profit and loss account. It follows that goods can be sold at a smaller margin for 
 profit than any dealer using the long credit system can afford. 
 
 No nun has had such great and salutary influence upon the business methods of 
 the West as has Mr. Field. He is unyielding, even relentless, in his enforcement of 
 contracts, but many a retail dealer has subsequently thanked him for compelling him 
 to meet an obligation when due. His customers throughout the great West number 
 thousands. Every one of them know that Marshall Field & Co. will insist on prompt 
 payment When the thirty or sixty days' accommodation has expired. The result is, 
 they keep their own collections well in hand, and allow no risky accounts to get upon 
 their books. As a friend of Mr. Field, who has watched the operation of his system, 
 recently observed: " He has prevented more small failures, and done more to keep the 
 methods of trade in the West toned up to sound business principles than any other 
 man." Of course one effect of the operation of his system has been to give him the 
 very best class of trade. Dealers of shiftless methods know they can not trade with 
 him. If one attempts it, and seeks to get an extension of credit beyond the maxim of 
 sixty days, he is promptly informed that his trade is not wanted by Marshall Field & 
 Co. A feature of 
 
 Mr. Field's Business Methods, which his associates say has borne the most 
 valuable fruit, is the inflexible integrity of his representations. No employe of 
 his firm is allowed to misrepresent in any degree the qualities of his wares. An 
 enviable reputation has been built up on the strength of this rule. The firm's adver- 
 tisements are relied upon by the public, the statements of its salesmen are accepted in 
 full faith by purchasers. It is said to be Mr. Field's policy to do business on small 
 margins of profit, preferring to do a large trade v/ith rapid turning over of capital, 
 rather than a smaller volume of business with proportionately large returns. One rare 
 trait Mr. Field has which has enabled him to take the fullest advantage of his business 
 opportunities: He has an almo t instinctive power to correctly estimate individual 
 capacity. He is quick and sure in recognizing business talent among his employes. 
 His selections of men always prove them to be especially adapted to the duties assigned 
 them. It follows that in order to exercise his rare judgment of men to best advantage, 
 Mr. Field must be closely associated with his great army of employes. He has no less 
 than 3.50U persons upon his pay roll. No employer in Chicago commands more loyal 
 service and inspires a stronger personal regard— in many cases amounting to genuine 
 affection— than exists among the employes of Marshall Field. There is not a cash boy 
 in his great store who can not gain Mr. Field's considerate attention at any time. He is 
 on all occasions as considerate of the feelings of his subordinates as those of his equals. 
 WhiJe his great corps of servants is thoroughly disciplined, they are treated as men 
 and women of refinement. In fact, Mr. Field is regarded by his own employes as an 
 ideal employer, and there are few, far too few, men in a similar situation who can com- 
 mand such voluntary tribute from those most likely to know their failings, 
 
THE GUIDE. 591 
 
 Mr. Field has always been a hard worker. He devotes about as many hours to 
 business as do his employes. His interests have become so vast that he has, of course, 
 surrendered the supervision of details to others, though he keeps himself remarkably 
 well informed regarding all branches of his great establishments. Every morning he 
 visits the retail store on State street, remaining there an hour or two. The rest 
 of the day he spends in his office in the wholesale building. His sanctum is in one 
 corner of the middle division of the first floor upon the Adams street front. It is a 
 small, comfortable room, separated from the rest of the great counting-room only by 
 a partition eight or ten feet high. His private secretary sits within a railed inclosure 
 just outside. Most of the time entrance is free to any one having business with Mr. 
 Field. A plain roll-top desk, a table, and chair or two, with a neat carpet, furnish this 
 unpretentious office. The visitor finds seated at the desk a man of rather spare figure 
 and medium height. When he looks up the face is kindly, and the clear gray eyes, 
 under bushy brows, while keenly observant, invite confidence. The gray hair is 
 almost white, and the heavy moustache has also lost its color. Mr. Field will not allow 
 hiis photographed likeness to appear in public print. Two or three poor sketches of his 
 face have been printed, but they do not correctly represent him. He is, in fact, 
 
 A Man of Impressive Presence; dignified, but not severe; alert, but with a trace of 
 sadness about him; strong, but with a ready sympathy; considerate to the last degree of 
 another's sensibilities. The visitor instantly understands, without perhaps being able 
 to put the thought in words, how true it is that Marshall Field's word is as good as his 
 bond. He gets at the meat of every subject brought before him with two or three 
 incisive questions, studying tne while the visitor's face if he be a stranger, and in a 
 few moments he is ready for whatever decision from him the matter may call for. 
 Then a promise from him in a matter, however trivial, is as sure of fulfilment as 
 though guaranteed with all manner of formality. Of Mr. Field's social life little need 
 be said. Hi-? tastes are extremely modest. He lives in quiet luxury. He goes little 
 into society, and he has never been in public life. His charities are generous but 
 unostentatious. He takes an intense interest in the good name of his adopted city. 
 No man does so much as he in his contributions in the interest of good local govern- 
 ment. In no sense a politician or a partisan, he nevertheless is a leader in every move- 
 ment for the purification of the government of Chicago. He never appears publicly 
 in these efforts, neither does he allow his name to appear, but his hearty support is 
 always enlisted. His gift of a large tract of land for the erection of the proposed 
 buildings of the new Baptist college gave the impression that Mr. Field was a member 
 of that denomination. He is, in fact, a Presbyterian. Mr. Field is married, and he has 
 a son and daughter, both married. He is a member of the principal clubs, and occa- 
 sionally visits one of them. No man possesses or deserves in higher degree the honor 
 and esteem of his friends than does Marshall Field. No active figure in this busy 
 nineteenth century civilization offers a truer type of manhood and intelligent, success- 
 ful endeavor. I will let you walk through the great retail house alone. You will be 
 able to secure a luncheon here. You will not want to leave the house before even- 
 ing, and besides, as you say, you have some shopping to do. I will meet you here 
 to-morrow. 
 TENTH DAY. 
 
 Marshall Field & Co.'s, as you see, is on the ne. cor. of State and Washington sts. 
 It covers almost the entire half block. Although a number of buildings have been 
 added on the north to this jrreat house, the establishment is still cr.mped for room. 
 The Central Music Hall bui'ding checks its growth, or rather prevents it i extension 
 further north. As soon as the lease which Burley & Co. hold expires, Marshall Field 
 & Co. will occupy their present store-rooms. They have already all the floors above 
 Marshall Field & Co., it is un erst od, have secured control of the eal estate covering 
 ove three-fourths of the bl< ek in which their present retail establishment is located, 
 with the entire frontage on Washington street between Holden Place and Wabash 
 
592 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 avenue, the frontage on Wabash avenue between Washington and Randolph streets, 
 and the frontage on Randolph street between Wabash avenue and Holden Place. The 
 Central Music Hall stands on the corner of Randolph and State streets, as we have 
 seen. Mr. Field is believed to be the largest shareholder in this property also. It is 
 claimed that the firm has in contemplation the erection of a dry goods palace that will 
 cover this entire block. You are now in the 
 
 Fashionable Retail Center, and to your left and right, as you pass south, are some of 
 the most attractive retail stores in the United States. The establishment of 
 
 Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co., on the southwest corner of Washington and State streets, 
 is one of the most elegant dry-goods houses in the city. This was formerly "Gossage's," 
 by which name it became celebrated throughout the entire West . Carson, Pirie, Scott 
 & Co. were the owners and the managers of the store for several years before the name 
 of " Gossage " was dropped to make room for their own. In the meantime they had 
 established themselves as a retail dry-goods firm by conducting a first-class house on 
 the West Side, and later one of the largest and most fashionable concerns in the city at 
 the northtast cornc r of Wabash avenue and Adams streets, the building now occupied 
 by Revell, the fw niture merchant. The old "Gossage" house was but a small concern 
 in comparison with the mammoth institution that now covers about half a block— five 
 acres of flooring —the greatest blocks in the city. No visitor to Chicago, male or female, 
 should fail to enter the magnificent silk room of this house, which is situated on the 
 corner. This department covers the site of the First National Bank building of other 
 days. The structure was remodeled at an enormous cost by Car. on, Pirie, Scott & Co., 
 and the first floor fitted up as the most magnificent silk salesroom in the world. All that 
 taste, money and ingenuity could do was brought into play here, and the result is a ver- 
 itable marble ha!l such as but few of the stately palaces of the Old World can equal in 
 grandeur. The entire establishment is tastefully fitted up, and ranks among the most 
 reliable as well as the most fashionable dry-goods houses in the country. On the 
 same side of the street, just south, is the large general store of 
 
 Fish, Joseph & Co.— Which enjoys a large patronage. This was formerly Pard- 
 ridge's main store. Next door south is 
 
 The Boston Store—The greatest bargain establishment of this section. This 
 store is crowded— thronged is a better word -from morning until night, and it is with 
 difficulty that we can make our way through it. Two large stores are occupied to 
 their full height on State st., and the house besides around the corner to Madison st., 
 where another immense building only partly provides for the enormous custom which 
 the Boston Store attracts. On the opposite side of State st., are Stevens' Silk House, 
 Wilson Bros, (who insist upon selling what they call " gents' " furnishing goods) and 
 Mandel Brothers 1 dry goods house. The latter extends through to Wabash ave. In 
 the next block are a large number of dry goods, toot and shoe, kid glove and musi- 
 cal houses, all of which may be termed the first-class, but none of which rise exactly 
 to the dignity of eminence in their peculiar lines. Here is the cheap jewelry center 
 also, where plated things may be found that will pass muster almost in any crowd, 
 but you want to stand on the corner for a while and notice the surging tides of 
 humanity which sweep by here from all points of the compass. 
 ELEVENTH DAY. 
 
 Are there corner drug stores where you came from ? No. Well, you don't know 
 how convenient they are ! Here in Chicago we have several corner drug stores— sev- 
 eral hundred, I should say. It is a cold corner that hasn't got its drug store ! Do they 
 all sell drugs exclusively? Oh, dear no! They sell drugs least of all. The drug 
 stores of Chicago haven't gone quite so far as the dry goods stores, but their range is 
 long and th ir field is wide. As yet they have not begun to handle anvils or agricult- 
 
THE GUIDE. 593 
 
 ural implements, but the tendency is in that direction. The modern Chicago drug 
 store deals in cutlery, amateur painter's supplies ; dispenses mineral waters, liquids 
 of all shades and of every degree of specific gravity ; handles face powders and post- 
 age stamps; receives orders for daily papers: communicates telephone messages; 
 orders coal or calls a carriage ; acts as an advertising agency; solicits book orders; 
 keeps constantly on hand a large and varied assortment of society stationery ; sells 
 chewing gum ; has a large cigar patronage ; keeps a city directory ; provides a wait- 
 ing-room for people who have engagements with each other; carries on a traffic in 
 bottled goods for family use, and sometimes fills prescriptions. And they do all these 
 things well. There has lately been a cry raised against the druggists because it is 
 claimed that prescriptions can not be correctly or safely compounded by a young man 
 who is called away from his mortar every few minutes to change a dime, sell a stick 
 of gum, or order a cab by telephone. Yet but few of us die annually from prescrip- 
 tion clerks' mistakes. At least if many of us die from this cause, we don't know it. 
 Of course, there are a number of sudden deaths here daily, and a disease frequently 
 takes a strange turn, which even the physician can not account for, after the medi- 
 cine he prescribes is administered ; but it wouldn't be fair to say that the prescription 
 clerk was rt sponsible for these things until we had positive proof of it. This positive 
 proof we may be able to obtain in the next world, perhaps. Certainly not in this. 
 But we are now in one of the best known corner drug stores in Chicago. This is 
 called 
 
 Buck & Raynor's Corner.— I wouldn't undertake to tell you how many hundreds of 
 thousands of people have met here, or in front of this little drug store, by appoint- 
 ment. There are two such places in the city. The other is Dale & Sempill's, on the 
 northeast corner of Clark and Madison sts. We will meet there later on. But I sup- 
 pose that it wouldn't be out of the way to estimate that a thousand persons meet on 
 this corner by previous engagement every day. They meet for all sorts of purposes. 
 Ladies who are shopping and who lose each other in the crowds have a tacit agree- 
 ment that they will meet here at a certain hour. Ladies meet their husbands here in 
 oider to get a supply of pin money. Ladies sometimes meet the husbands of other 
 ladies here. Lovers meet sweethearts here. Men meet men here (but not often). It 
 is a general rendezvous— a public trysting-place. From our corner we can see the 
 establishment of 
 
 James Wilde, Jr., & Co. across the street, one of the finest clothing houses in the 
 country. Mr. Frank Reed is the manager of this house, and he has built up an 
 immense business, I am told. The magnificent building now occupied by Wilde is to 
 be torn down shortly to make room for a sixteen-story sky scraper which Mr. Otto 
 Young is to erect on the site. It seems too bad to demolish a building erected less 
 than twenty years ago, and one of the finest in the city; but modern progress is inexor- 
 able and this is only one of many such instances. Elegant structures are either being 
 torn down or remodeled completely throughout the entire business center. T under- 
 stand that Wilde is going to move to the old Hyman corner, that is the northeast 
 corner opposite. The ground upon which we stand at present is 
 
 School Property.— This block, bounded by Madison and Monroe, State and Dear- 
 born sts., is one of the most valuable in the city. It belongs to the Public School 
 f ur:d. The ground is leased to the present occupants at a high rate, which is subject to 
 an increase from time to time. On this block of school property stand McVicker's 
 Theatre, the Tribune building, the Journal building, the Stock Exchange bui ding, and 
 some of the most important of the dry goods houses fronting on State st. There isn't 
 much danger that the school fund will suffer while it has this sort of income-produc- 
 ing property at its back. I am afraid I would only tire you by telling of all the places 
 
594 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 of .interest on our trip. We are passing now, one after another, retail stores which 
 differ very materially from those which have already been pointed out. On the south- 
 east corner of State and Monroe sts. is the 
 
 Palmer House, one of the grandest buildings in the country. [See Palmer House.] 
 This building occupies nearly half the frontage of the next block on the left. Opposite 
 is the 
 
 Bee Hive, a popular dry goods establishment, and then, on the same side of the 
 street, beginning at the alley, running to the corner of Adams st. and extending back 
 to Dearborn st. an entire block, is 
 
 The Fair.— Here is an attraction for strangers, the like of which you will find 
 nowhere else in this country. The only establishment I know of that bears any 
 resemblance to it is the " Bon Marche " in Paris. [See Fair, The.] The work of demo- 
 lition has begun here preparatory to the erection of the greatest commercial struct- 
 ure in the world. [See Fair Building.] It will require an hour or two of your time 
 simply to walk through this establishment. You might spend a day in there with pleas- 
 ure and profit. At any rate I am not likely to fee you again to-day, so I will promise to 
 meet ycu here in the morning. Yes; you can get any thing you want here, from a 
 rubber doll to a lawn mower. Just step inside and see for yourself. 
 TWELFTH DAY. 
 
 You have seen the Fair. It is worth something to be able to tell that to your friends 
 when you return. E.J. Lehman? Yes, overwork. A young man yet, but broken 
 down in health. His success was marvelous. From the very humblest of beginnings 
 he arose in a few years to a dizzy height in commercial prosperity. It was not suc- 
 cess that turned his head. He was a practical and a plain man from beginning to end. 
 There are still some prospects of his recovery. Everybody in Chicago would be glad 
 to see him wel I again. Across the street is 
 
 The Leader, an establishment similar to the Fair and one that is rapidly becoming 
 popular with the ladies. Although quite a new house it has already an immense 
 patronage. The managers of the Leader are thoroughly wide-awake, and they are 
 making friends by the hundred daily. You must go through this establishment. Here 
 the crowds are as dense as you have found them elsewhere. No stronger proof of the 
 fact that Chicago is a great city can be given than is made evident by these immense 
 throngs of people. None but a great city could supply a demand sufficient to justify 
 the existence of such establishments as The Fair, The Leader and 
 
 Seigel, Cooper & Co.'s, which we come to after passing a number of handsome 
 stores. Seigel, Cooper & Co. were referred to in The Standard Guide of la^t year as 
 occupying a large portion of the block beg nning at the southeast corner of State and 
 Adams streets. Since then they were burned out ( ompletely, the fire being one of the 
 most disastrous of recent years in this section. They afterward reopened just a block 
 to the east, on the northeast corner of Wabash avenue and Adams street, but moved 
 into their present quarters in the mammoth Leiter building in time for the summer 
 trade of 1892. This firm has now an opportunity of expanding until it shall occupy 
 more floor area than any other house of the kind in Chicago. All of these great gen- 
 eral stores are growing. Everything in Chicago grows, except perhaps the death rate. 
 There is no standing still here. You must either move on or be pressed backward. 
 Some of the best houses on the streets ten years ago have disappeared. They wanted 
 to be conservatively respectable. They tried to be nice, aft.r the old fashion. They 
 wouldn't advertise, or they wouldn't cut prices. Their age and high standing didn't 
 save them. They have gone from our gaze. Nor can any of the great houses we have 
 seen during the past few hours afford to sit back on their dignity or compel the trade 
 to come to them without the asking. They must bid and bid high for it. If they hes- 
 
THE GUIDE. 5J'5 
 
 itate, the man next door will forge ahead of them. There used to be such a thing- as 
 an "established" business. There isn't any longer. The public isn't sentimental 
 nowadays. Old houses have no particular charm for the people unless they keep pace 
 with the new houses. 
 
 We will turn back, passing the "Hub" and the "Bell," two well-advertised 
 clothing houses, and drop over to Clark street. North of the Postoffice Clark street is 
 a very handsomely built and a very respectable thoroughfare. Near the corner of 
 Adams street and for blocks up we find the city ticket offices of all the great railroad 
 companies. Besides these we pass restaurants, clothing stores, jewelry stores, clothing 
 houses, etc., all of a character which gives a Bowery-like air to the street. Near the 
 corner of Madison and Clark streets is Kohl & Middleton's Museum, which you can 
 enter for the small sum of ten cents, but don't go in now. Now we have reached the 
 most important street intersection in the city, 
 
 Madison and Clark Streets.— Madison street is the principal east and west and Clark 
 street is the principal north and south artery. It should not be inferred from this, 
 however, that Clark street is more important than Stato to the south, for such is not 
 the case. But it penetrates the North Division of the city, as Madison penetrates the 
 West, and for this reason it is regarded as the great north and south thoroughfare. 
 You might be highly entertained for a whole day on this corner just by noticing the 
 people as they pass. It is estimated that 10,000 persons pass this corner every hour 
 from 6 o'clock A. M. to 8 o'clock p. m. I believe it. It is not a stream but a flood of 
 humanity that we see here. No wonder that these corners come high or that the mer- 
 chants who occupy them are prosperous. They are considered the best corners in the 
 city for busines?. The names of the stores around here are all familiar to the people. 
 We will stand on Chambers' corner for awhile before separating, and meet here again 
 In the morning, when we will be able to take a look at the corners and talk about 
 them at our leisure. 
 THIRTEENTH DAY. 
 
 I did not think it advisable to point out to you as we walked up Clark street yester- 
 day the entrances to the numerous gambling-houses which line that thoroughfare. I 
 don't think it any part of my duty as a guide to "steer" you against a brace game or 
 a square game. If you are inclined in the direction of faro, roulette or poker, you do 
 not need to be told where to find these games in full blast. I never knew an amateur 
 gambler in my life who couldn't scent the lair of the tiger and hear the rattle of the 
 chips afar off. By some sort of intuition or natural attraction, unaccounted for in my 
 philosophy, gamblers, professional and amateur, are certain to find a common meeting 
 place. They will have no difficulty in finding all the amusement they want here, at 
 any time of the day or night. Of course you understand, as I do, that gambling is 
 suppressed in Chicago. The Mayor and Superindent of Police unite in the opinion 
 that there is no gaming for money going on in this city, and that ought to settle it. 
 yet, we have been brushing up against well-dressed gamblers and would-be-sports for 
 the past hour, and I have heard, in a s^mi-confidential way, that tlie professionals are 
 reaping a richer harvest at present than ever before in the history of the city. There 
 is something contradictory, not to say inconsistent, about all this, but I can not make 
 it straight, nor can you either, no matter how hard you may try. I have spoken of the 
 
 " Would-be-sports." These are altogether about as contemptible a class of young 
 . men as you will be unfortunate enough to come in contact with during your visit. 
 They are found principally on the west side of Clark, between Adams and Washington 
 streets. They dress nattily and spend their time in posing, generally near the entrances 
 to the gambling houses. As a rule they are the sons of well-to-do parents. They do 
 not find it necessary to work for a living. The one ambition of their useless lives is to 
 be pointed out as gamblers. They are not gamblers however. They haven't got 
 
596 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 brains enough to be gamblers of the professional species. The men who follow gamb- 
 ling as a business haven't got time to pose. Usually they are not over-proud of their 
 calling and have no desire to be pointed out as sports. They work hard for all they 
 get, just like other people. If they make gains to-day they are likely to suffer losses 
 to-morrow. They have their anxieties like the rest of us. Most of them have fami- 
 lies. Many of them have nice wives and intaresting children. Some of them live in 
 highly respectable neighborhoods. Theygamb'e only as a pure matter of business, 
 and not because they are infatuated with the green cloth or the surroundings of the 
 gamingtable. You don't see these men posing in front of the saloons or gambling 
 entrances, as I said before. They haven't got time. Neither do they flash Alaska 
 sparklers, nor wear lavender pantaloons, nor light kid gloves, nor spend their time in 
 " mashing" the foolish maidens, just past school age, whom you may see tripping by 
 here in the hope of catching smiles from the would-be-sports . There are other young 
 men along this street and around these corners who would also like to be known as 
 gamblers. They are only thieves, however, and of the lowest order. They are 
 cowardly thieves— fellows who rob drunken men, or who can be hired to commit any- 
 thing in the nature of a small crime. Some of them are 
 
 "Bunco Steerers," ruffians who worm themselves into the confidence of strangers, 
 and induce them to visit disreputable gaming houses where they are certain to be 
 robbed. They do this business for a commission. The "Confidence Man" proper I 
 can not point out to you, for if he be 
 
 A Confidence Man, worthy of the name, there is nothing about his appearance or 
 his manners to indicate that fact. But you may be certain that he is here, somewhere, 
 and looking for a victim. He seldom makes a mistake. Before night some fool will 
 cash the check he carries with him, or advance money on the warehouse receipts which 
 he will produce at the proper moment. The most famous gambling house on the street 
 for years was 
 
 '•The Store," kept by Michael C. McDonald, northwest corner of Clark and Monroe 
 sts. McDonald coined money there. He is a millionaire now and one of the principal 
 stockholders and managers of the Lake street elevated railroad. Besides, he is an 
 influential politician and in his time has made and unmade a large number of local 
 statesmen. We will see his residence on Ashland ave. later. The gambling houses now 
 in existence are scattered throughout this neighborhood. The most prominent of 
 them is the place conducied 1 y a person named Hankins near by. There is a magnifi- 
 cent saloon and bp^rtingmen's resort in the vicinity, conducted by a gentleman named 
 Mr. Harry Varnell. We will let you find this place and several other places of the 
 same kind if you are seeking them. For the present we will leave the sporting men 
 and the sporting men's resorts and step across Madison street to a co: ner that is full of 
 present and historic interest to the Chicagoan. This was formerly known as " Dale's," 
 it is now favorably and familiarly known as 
 
 Dale & SempiWs.— I don't believe there is a corner in this great city which is better 
 known. This has been the case during all the years I can remember in Chicago. Mr. 
 Dale was a gentleman everybody liked. He kept open house for the public, and hun- 
 dreds of thousands of people have occupied the seats provided for those who are 
 destined to wait for other people, in the drug store. Mr. Dale is succeeded by Mr. 
 Sempill, another gentleman of the same hospitable disposition. You do not feel that 
 you are intruding when you drop in hereto wait for the friend who never comes, or to 
 keep an appointment with the man who has been unavoidably delayed. Dale & Sem- 
 pill do a great business while you are waiting. You are bound to admire the manner 
 in which the business is managed, and your admiration extends to the elegant soda 
 
THE GUIDE. 597 
 
 fountain, where the thirst of countless thousands is quenched annually. It is well 
 worth while to spend a little time here, if only to watch the crowds as they pass by. 
 There is a procession of humanity moving past the door, and you will wonder, as I 
 have wondered hundreds of times, where all these people come from and where they 
 are going to. Across the street is the celebrated 
 
 Chamber's Corner, called after one of the oldest and best established jewelry houses 
 in the city. Mr. L. Z. Leiter owns this building, and the property upon which it stands 
 is worth something like a hundred dollara a square inch. Running around this corner 
 wi:h entrances both on Clark and Madison streets, is the rreat retail clothing house of 
 
 Browning, King & Co.— This firm has establishments in nearly all the large cities of 
 the country. The parent house is here, however. On the southwest corner of Clark 
 and Washington streets is the famous 
 
 Opera House Block.— This is one of the most imposing structures in the city, eleven 
 stories in height, erected in 1885 on the site of the old Tivoli Gardens, once a popular 
 resort. On the street level are stores with lofty ceilings, and plate-glass fronts t^at are 
 desirable for the display of goods. In the main lobby are six rapid elevators, that are 
 constantly whizzing up and down in their iron cages on either side of the entrance. 
 r i^e walls are wainscoted with slate and marble in the most approved fashion, and 
 offices are arranged either single or en suite to meet the demands of all proressions. 
 Situated in the center of this vast pile of masonry is the Opera Hous Q . The building is 
 fire-proof throughout and is the property of the Peck estate. On the southeast corner 
 is the 
 
 Methodist Church Block.— This is on the outside a business structure, given over to 
 offices, stores, etc.; but in the body of the building is an auditorium, where the services 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church are held regularly. The property belongs to that 
 denomination and is very valuable. On the northwest corner is the Court House,, and 
 on the northeast corner is the 
 
 Reaper Block, built by the late Cyrus H. McCormick, immediately after the great 
 fire. It derives its name from the business in which Mr. McCormick was engaged, the 
 manufacture of reapers. One of the handsomest of the old office structures of 
 Chicago. Froperty of the McCormick estate. To our right, on Washington street, 
 south side, is the Cook Councy Abstract Company's building, and after passing up 
 Cl.ak street, by the Grand Opera House, and taking a look at the Sherman House, we 
 find ourselves opposite 
 
 TJie Neiv Ashland Block, a beautiful and modern office building, finished in 1892. 
 Just east of here is the magnificent 
 
 New German Theatre, with its tower rising skyward. This structure is described 
 elsewhere 
 
 FOURTEENTH DAY. 
 
 We will take a circuit around some of the down-town squares to-day, beginning 
 where we left off yesterday, at the corner of Randolph and Clark sts. The Court House 
 and City Hall are on our left as we move to the west. Passing the Sherman House Ave 
 come to the 
 
 Fidelity Bank Building.- This structure is occupied by a private banking firm now. 
 There are also safety vaults here. I remember the time when the scenes inside and 
 outside of this building were as wild as any I have ever beheld in Chicago. This was 
 during the savings bank panic in 1877. John C. Haines was the president of the Fidel- 
 ity, and he paid out money as long as he could ; but the line of frightened depositors 
 lengthened out hour after hour and day after day, until finally he ran out of funds. 
 
 - 
 
^™ 
 
 598 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 In the meantime tbe States Saving Institution, around the corner to the left, and the 
 " Bee " Hive, around the corner to the right, had closed their doors. There was " intense 
 excitement," as the newspapers say, but even this blew over in time and the bank crash 
 was soon forgotten. Next door to the Fidelity is the entrance to Hooley's Theater. 
 [See Amusements.] A little further on and we come to the most dangerous street 
 crossing in the city. This is where the North Side cable cars enter and leave the La 
 Salle st. tunnel, where the West Side cable cars turn from La Salle st., and where two 
 processions of horse cars are continuously moving east and west on Randolph st. 
 Strange that so few accidents occur here. It is due to the fact that the danger is real- 
 ized by pedestrians, that policemen are constantly on the alert, and that drivers and 
 gripmen keep their wits about them while passing these corners. [See Hell Gate Cross- 
 ing.] To our left as we walk toward the east is 
 
 Heath &Milligan''s paint and oil establishment. Mr. Monroe Heath, the senior pro- 
 prietor, was formerly mayor of Chicago, and he is the man who restored the finances 
 of the city, and established the credit of the municipality abroad after the dull period 
 which followed the fire andi;hep..nic of 1873. Along here area number of similar 
 concerns and business houses not particularly worthy of our attention. On the north- 
 east corner of Randolph and Fifth avenue is the Briggs House [see Hotels], and on the 
 corner of Washington street and Fifth avenue is 
 
 The Times Building, from which is published the Times, the Frie Presse, the Abend 
 Post, and several other well-known publications. On the opposite corner is the stately 
 and beautiful 
 
 Staats Zeitung Building— Where the Staats Zeitung newspaper is published. [See 
 Newspapers.] Walking east on Washington st., to our right we behold the new office 
 building of 
 
 The Evening Post, a handsome structure, in which is published one of the best 
 evening papers in the United States, and just two doors east of it is the elegant 
 new 
 
 Herald Building, a decided improvement upon the surrounding architecture and 
 one of the handsomest structures erected in Chicago during recent years. Returning 
 to Fifth ave., just around the corner to our left is the building formerly occupied by 
 the 
 
 Arbeiter Zeitung.— It was here that the conspiracy which culminated in the Hay- 
 market massacre was hatched; here Spies was arrested, and here were discovered 
 great quantities of bombs and infernal machines. [See Haymarket Massacre.] On 
 the corner of the alley opposite is the Olobe publication office, and on the other corner 
 is the old Herald office. Across the street is 
 
 The Daily News Office, which extends over a large portion of the block. The build- 
 ing occupied by the editorial and mechanical departments, a new and handsome 
 one, is in the rear, fronting on the alley [see illustration]. This is one of the most 
 complete newspaper buildings in the country. You will be permitted to visit the 
 press rooms of the different newspaper offices at seasonable hours, and I can not 
 suggest anything that will interest you more than the process of stereotyping and 
 printing in one of these big publication offices. The newspaper neighborhood is 
 undergoing disintegration at present. Most of the leading offices will shortly be 
 located aAvay from Fifth avenue, for many years the favorite stamping ground of the 
 printer and reporter. We have now reached the intersection of Madison street and 
 Fifth avenue, another crowded and dangerous crossing, and we will step into 
 
 Arend's and take a glass of his refreshing and incomparable Kumyss. A wonder- 
 ful drink is Kumyss. Of all summer drinks, or winter drinks either, for that matter, 
 
 
THE GUIDE. 599 
 
 it is the most refreshing and the most healthful. I am a sufferer from dyspepsia my- 
 self, and I know what I am talking about. When nothing else in the wide world will 
 conduct itself properly in my stomach, I fly to Kumyss and find relief. Dr. Arend is 
 a public benefactor, and I say this much about his Kumyss without hope of reward, 
 excepting in the consciousness that I have given publicity to a great truth. Arend's 
 Kumyss is to be found in all the leading hospitals of the city now, and upon the tables 
 of the best families. Directly across the street our attention is called to the new 
 
 Security Building, now being erected on the southeast corner of Madison street 
 and Fifth avenue, after plans by Clinton J. Warren. The structure will be one of the 
 finest in the city. It will be fourteen stories high, and will cost between $35\0U0 and 
 $4 0,000. The first three stories will be of granite, while the upper floors will be of 
 pressed brick and terra cotta. 
 
 FIFTEENTH DAY. 
 
 We will start from the corner of Madison and Clark sts. this morning and walk 
 west. The corner itself— or, rather, the four corners— we have seen before. About 
 the center of the block to our left is Burke's European Hotel and beneath it is the 
 
 Chicago Oyster House, a very large, a very beautiful and a very popular restaurant 
 with business people. They feed about five thousand people here every day. Opposite 
 is the Hotel Brevoort, recently enlarged [see Hotels], a central meeting place lor 
 wholesale men and country merchants. Next to it is the Tacoma, the first floors of 
 which are occupied as stores ; the inevitable drug store, and this time a very handsome 
 and well-conducted drug store, being located on the corner. 
 
 Berry, The Candy Man, has one of his numerous branch shops here. I might as 
 well tell you once for all that you will find Berry's candy shops everywhere through- 
 out the city. The proprietor of these places has made a great deal of money by giving 
 people taffy— at a reasonable price per pound, and a handsome new building on West 
 Madison st. and Ashland ave. testifies to the fact. Across the street from the Hotel 
 Brevoort is the entrance to 
 
 Farwell Hall— A celebrated assembly room, and the Young Men's Christian Asso- 
 ciation. Farwell Hall in its time has held many notable gatherings. It was here that 
 P. P. Bliss, the composer of sacred music and sweet singer, delighted vast audiences 
 day after day for months during the great Moody & Sankey revival period. Fes, he's 
 dead. Went down with his wife and a score of others in the horrible Ashtabula rail- 
 way accident. Here Moody and Sankey have held forth frequently, and here also Fran 
 cis Murphy has preached gospel temperance to multitudes. Others equally well- 
 known have been heard from the platform, among them no less a personage than 
 George Francis Train. It was in Fai"well Hall that the bolt occurred among republi- 
 cans which resulted in the defeat of Grant and the nomination of Garfield in 1880. The 
 Young Men's Christian Association uses this hall frequently for large gatherings, noon- 
 day prayer meetings, etc. [See Christian Organizations.] Passing over La Salle st. we 
 come upon the fronts of two blocks of buildings which Avill probably be transformed 
 during the next three years. This part of Madison st. is not up with the times. Res- 
 taurants, billiard halls, saloons, second-hand book stores, news-stands, etc., monopo- 
 lize it. Here 
 
 Charley Curry, a young man who for years served the down-town business people, 
 with newspapers on Arend's corner, has established himself as a book and newsdealer, 
 and is rapidly winning his way to fortune. He has a handsome branch in the Central 
 Music Hall building. Across Fifth avenue we enter upon the outskirts of the 
 
600 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Wholesale, District.— This district at present may be bounded as follows : By Fifth 
 ave. on the east, the river on the west, Randolph st. on the north and Van Buren st. 
 on the south. There are two wholesale districts, however, and they are so far apart 
 that it will be many years before the entire jobbing business is centered in one local- 
 ity. To find room for it it will be necessary to cross the river to the West Side. A 
 movement in this direction has in fact already begun, but the large houses which 
 have located on Canal, Clinton, West Washington and West Randolph sts. up to this 
 time are mostly in the machinery and machinery supply trade. The great dry goods 
 houses are now all located ii what is known as the NeAv Wholesale District, into which 
 we are about to enter. The old wholesale district extends along Wabash ave., from 
 Van Buren st. north to the river, and here there are jobbing houses in almost every 
 line (except wholesale dry goods) from millinery to grocery goods. Moving west on 
 Madison street we pass several blocks of buildings that are passing through a change. 
 The wholesale trade has been gradually drifting away from this street, to the l outh . 
 The retail trade has not yet taken a fancy to it. That barn-like structure on the 
 northeast corner of Madison and Market streets was formerly occupied by Marshall 
 Field & Co. as their wholesale house. It is now simply a storage warehouse, and an 
 eye-sore to property owners in the vicinity. The streets to the left are all built up 
 elegantly, and the great wholesale boot and shoe, clothing and dry goods houses may 
 all be visited in a day's trip along Fifth avenue, Franklin and Market streets to Van 
 Buren, and along Monroe, Adams, Jackson and VanBuren streets, from Fifth avenue 
 to the river. A tremendous amount of business is being done in this section. The 
 stranger will be received courteously in a majority of the leading houses. J. V. Farwell 
 & Co.'s great establishment is worthy of a visit, and so is Field's, but there is more or 
 less of interest to be found in all the houses of this section, and it would hardly be of 
 value to the reader to point out particular establishments. I will leave you to follow 
 the best of your inclination. I must before doing so, however, call your attention to 
 the architecture of this section. You wil notice that it differs very materially from 
 that of any other section of the city. Take the Farwell Building, for instance, a speci- 
 men of modern commercial construction of the plain school, and compare it with the 
 massive structures occupied by Marshall Field & Co. and James H. Walker & Co. The 
 latter building is a beautiful one. Among the most familiar names you will see down 
 this way is that of 
 
 Henry W. King & Co., wholesale clothiers. Their quarters are spacious and their 
 facilities unlimited. This is one of the greatest clothing establishments in the world. 
 The firm not only leads in the trade here but has extensive branches in nearly every 
 lar^e city in the West. Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co.'s new wholesale house is also down 
 this way. Walking west on Adams street, we pass the beautiful general office 
 of the Chicago, Burlingtm & Quincy Railroad Company. We must enter these great 
 buildings as we come to them, of course. A whole day might be given to Marshall 
 Field's, and we would have to spend a week in this district, if we were to do full jus- 
 tice to the trip.. I have hurried you around it, pointing out only the most prominent 
 houses. I now leave you to take them in at your leisure. No, as a rule, there will be 
 no objection to your walking through the establishments. You will be met with 
 courteous treatment everyAvhere. Just say that you are a stranger and that will pass 
 you. Take your time, and to-morrow morning we will visit another portion of the 
 business center equally as interesting. 
 SIXTEENTH DAY. 
 
 Dickens tells us in one of his novels of a London thoroughfare which, at the time 
 of his story, was passing through that unhappy stage of transition when people had 
 begun to abandon itasa residence street, but as yet other people had not looked upon 
 
THE GUIDE. 601 
 
 it as a desirable avenue for trade. For nearly twenty years "Wabash avenue has been 
 going - down hill as a residence street. There has never been any doubt but that some 
 day it would become one of the greatest commercial avenues of the city; yet up to 
 five years ago the process of transformation south of Van Buren street was exceed- 
 ingly slow. For many years the ground laid bare by the great fire of July, 1873, was 
 permitted to lie vacant, the owners being uncertain as to the future. There was no 
 demand for handsome residences north of Twenty-second street, and rentals sufficient 
 to justify the erection of large business blocks could not be obtained. The ground 
 was too valuable for small buildings so that the street remained at a stand-still. The 
 Auditorium enterprise, however, attracted attention to south Wabash avenue, and 
 during 1 he past years real estate transactions on that thoroughfare have been very 
 active. If half of the enterprises projected are carried out it will be one of our most 
 magnificent streets before 1893. North of Congress street it is at present a most beau- 
 tiful thoroughfare. Magnificent buildings line the avenue on either side as far as the 
 eye can reach. Some of the most beautiful commercial structures in the city are to 
 be seen along here. To the south and north of the Auditorium building we pass 
 through the 
 
 Carriage District.— It is wonderful how the different departments of trade finally 
 become consolidated. Here we find one carriage repository after another, the most 
 noticeable of them being C.P.Kimball & Co.'s and H.J.Edward & Sons 1 . Here also we find 
 the Pope Manufacturing Co., the great producers of standard bicycles; here also is the 
 Springfield Bicycle Co., the Standard Sewing Machine Co., the Warwick Cycle Co., and a 
 number of sewing machine and bicycle establishments, all within the space of a block. 
 The beautiful salesrooms of the J. L. Mott Iron Works are on our left, the New Haven 
 Clock Co., a little farther north ; the William Rogers Manufacturing Co., the name of 
 which is celebrated in connection with plated ware, is also on the same side. Now we pass 
 the great window glass warerooms of George F.Kimball, the Michigan Buggy Co., 
 and more carriage, sewing machine, bicycle and wagon warerooms. In fact, it is nearly 
 all carriages along here until we reach Hubbard court and the 
 
 Cyclnrama Buildings on the South. "While you are down here you might as well 
 spend an hour looking at the wonderful picture, "The Battle of Gettysburg. 11 Other 
 cities have " Battle of Gettysburg Cycloramas," but they are copies. This is the origi- 
 nal. On the opposite corner is the new and magnificant " Niagara 11 Cyclor-ama, which 
 is attracting great crowds. Down the avenue farther on our left is the " Libby Prison 
 Museum. 11 LSee Illustration and Amusements.] We will now retrace our steps,dropping 
 into a few of the great carriage warerooms on the way back, and walk up the avenue 
 from Congress st. We at once find ourselves in a district monopolized by manufacturers 
 and dealers in office furniture and fixtures, and from this we pass into another district 
 given over to pictures and picture frames. Then we step right in to the 
 
 Varnish District, where a score of firms are engaged in the varnish, paint and oi'i 
 traffic. Another distinctive district merges into this. It is occupied by dealers in 
 marble and wooden mantels, picture mouldings, etc., and here, between 241 and 263, 
 we find ourselves in a hive of subscription book publishers. But don't be frightened 
 The safest place on the battle-field is under the ammunition wagon. We must hurry 
 along here. The show windows are seductive and were meant to detain us. Let us 
 drop into the different store rooms and see the displays of books, paintings, engravings, 
 ornamental marble work, fine furniture, etc., etc., which are temptingly arranged all 
 along here. At No. 211 we come to the Weber Music Hall and close by is the magnifi- 
 cent new 
 
 Kimball Hall, one of the finest structures on the avenue. [See W. W. Kimball Com- 
 pany, under heading, Great Industries.] The Weber and the Kimball Hall buildings 
 
602 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO 
 
 are occupied by music teachers, principally, and by persons connected with the music 
 trade. Passing up the avenue we stand here and there admiringly in front of the 
 picture store and furniture store windows, of which there are many, and we find the 
 day wearing rapidly away as we pass from Wirts & Scholle's into O'Brien's art gallery, 
 where I will leave you for the remainder of the afternoon, knowing very well that you 
 will not care to come out of there until you have exhausted the patience of the attend- 
 ants. 
 SEVENTEENTH DAY. 
 
 As you left O'Brien's yesterday evening, the employes of James H. Walker & Co.'s 
 immense retail establishment, on the southwest corner of Wabash avenue and Adams 
 street, were just quitting wcrk for the day. Although State street has monopolized 
 the retail dry goods trade for many years, James H. Walker & Co. have so established 
 themselves down here now that customers leave the big thoroughfare to the west nat- 
 urally, and no longer feel that they are going out of their way when they step over to 
 Wabash avenue. A large number of important houses are contemplating a move 
 toward this center. Before we leave this corner I want to call your attention to the 
 establishment of the Root & Sons Music Company. This house was founded by the 
 popular composer, George F. Root, whose songs you have either sung yourself or lis- 
 tened to in the gooc". old days. It is one of the largest music houses in the country. 
 \t No. 201 we find 
 
 Brentano's, the Chicago branch of one of the leading book and periodical houses of 
 the world. Brentano's establishments may be found in London, Paris and New York. 
 Here you will find anything that is standard in foreign and domestic literature, guide 
 books, periodicals, newspapers, etc. The next block ?s given over to picture stores, 
 photographers, publishers, fancy goods dealers, cloak and suit establishments, etc., 
 and the windows are all attractive. The great millinery house of 
 
 Keith & Company is at our right as we pass up, and it seems to be the gathering 
 place just at present of all the milliners in the country. They are here making their 
 full purchases. One after another now we pass, smaller but no less attractive millin- 
 ery stores, that branch of trade having found a center in this vicinity. Yes, they are 
 all wholesale houses exclusively. S. A. Maxwell's well-known house is passed, and in 
 the vicinity are a number of publishers and fancy goods store. The monotony is 
 broken by the great family grocery house of 
 
 Charles H. Slack.— This is a concern of genuine Chicago proportions. It is one of 
 the largest, handsomest and most complete retail grocery houses on the continent. 
 The show windows are themselves a treat. Now we. pass the headquarters of the 
 American Baptist Publication Society, and the American Tract Society, and we find 
 ourselves entering the great publishing and book house of 
 
 A. C. McClura & Co., which has grown up with Chicago and occupies a position sec- 
 ond to few of the great publishing concerns of the world. Here you will find several 
 floors of wide area given over to the display of books and .high-class engravings. A. 
 C. McClurg & Co. publish extensively themselves and are prepared to furnish anything 
 from a single volume to an outfit for a public iibrary. This is a great resort for people 
 of literary taste, and I am proud to say that Chicago people of literary taste are very 
 numerous. There are a large number of interesting houses along here, for instance 
 Spoor Mackey's big wall paper house, Belford, Clark & Co.'s publishing house, the 
 International Library Company, and more especially the 
 
 Tobey Furniture Company, which is one of the most conspicuous concerns on the 
 avenue, partly because it is one of the largest, partly because of its beautiful front and 
 partly because of its elegant window display. This building was occupied for a long 
 
 
THE GUIDE. 603 
 
 time as the branch house of A. T. Stewart & Co. That firm came out West with the 
 idea that it would close up a number of the great Chicago houses which were cutting 
 off its business behind the ears. Finding that it couldn't close up the Chicago houses 
 it did the next best thing and closed up itself. Afterward the great store rooms were 
 occupied as a wholesale hardware concern, now out of existence, but it remained for 
 the Tobey Company to give the corner life and animation, and it is now cne of the 
 establishments which is making Wabash avenue a popular street. Across the street is 
 an establishment well known throughout this country, and in Europe where its buy- 
 ers are often met with. This is the house of 
 
 D. B. Fislc & Co.— Magnificent both as to exterior and to interior. It is a wholesale 
 millinery house of the highest order, and goods are shipped from here, north, south., 
 east and west in quantities which I wouldn't dare to estimate. But wherever you go 
 you hear of D. B. Fisk's millinery, and wherever D. B. Fisk's millinery goes the lov- 
 ing husband and the indulgent father pays the freight. On the corner diagonally 
 opposite is a house you can not pass, I am certain. No, you must go inside. I knew 
 it. This is the great China, glass, porcelain, Dresden ware, etc., etc., establishment of 
 
 French, Potter & Wilson.— The window display is magnificent, but it is only a hint 
 of the beautiful and the pretty and the costly things to be seen inside. Nearly every- 
 thing here is imported. There are some beautiful lamps, some charming vases, some 
 elegant dinner and tea sets ; but we must move on for the present. You can come 
 back and take your own time later in the day. Looking up or down Wabash avenue 
 from this point we behold one of the most magnificent business streets in the world. 
 Unlike some of our streets, the architecture is nearly all of a uniform character and the 
 height of the buildings is six stories. We now come to the business college of 
 
 Bryant & Stratton.— This institution has turned out more thoroughly equipped 
 young business men than any other in the CDuntry. Many of the most successful 
 merchants in Chicago to-day have received their training here. It will be worth your 
 while t > go up and take a stroll through the college. [See Private Education.] We 
 are now on the outskirts of the wholesale grocery district, and we begin to see evi- 
 dences of it in the number of cigar signs, gunpowder signs, etc. I don't know why 
 gunpowder and wholesale groceries should always flock together, but they do. There 
 are some stove establishments and wholesale drug houses and chemist supply houses 
 here, but we are in the midst of the wholesale tobacco and cigar men, generally 
 speaking, and these go hand-in-hand with the men who handle teas, coffees, sugar and 
 molasses. Here is the Frazer Lubricator Company, of which Mr. George B. Swift, 
 formerly commissioner of public works, is president, and a perfect row of tea 
 houses. In 
 
 DoggeWs Building, at No. 34, there are about a hundred commission firms doing 
 business in every branch of trade related nearly or remotely to the grocery business 
 —from minced meats to tallow candles,— and on the corner opposite is the well-known 
 name of 
 
 Franklin MacVeagh & Co.— Mr. MacVeagh is not only a distinguished merchant but 
 a distinguished citizen, and is a brother of Hon. Wayne MacVeagh, who served 
 in Cleveland's cabinet. Franklin MacVeagh & Co. are wholesale grocers and very 
 prominent ones. I will only take you a little farther down this way, because the 
 streets are beginning to fill with wagons, and it is difficult for the ladies to climb over 
 the sugar barrels and salt fish casks which line the sidewalks. If we will follow this 
 street, it will take us around to the site of old Fort Dearborn [see Fort Dearborn]; 
 to Kirk's great soap factories, where 70,000,000 pounds of soap are manufactured annu- 
 ally. There is a congestion here, as you will readily notice. A walk toward the north 
 will bring you into the midst of a section where you will find it difficult to make ynur 
 way without risking life or limb. An effort is being made at this writing to give 
 
604 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 pedestrians and private conveyances an outlet to the North Side from Wabash and 
 Michigan avenues. The Rush street bridge, which you willl come to, if you follow 
 the traffic, is crowded so for sixteen hours a day that it is dangerous to attempt to cross 
 it with a light vehicle. Heavy wagons are the rule down here, and only heavy wagons 
 can forge their way through. The 
 
 May Subway is designed to afford the people of the South and North divisions an 
 opportunity of crossing the river without being subjected to the annoyances which now 
 beset them. The latest estimate of the cost of the May subway, which, in plain lan- 
 guage, is to be a tunnel to connect Michigan boulevard with the North Side park sys- 
 tem, is $1,676,230. This, of course, has nothing to do with land damages, if there be any, 
 but is an estimate on the actual cost of the work. The length of the projected " May " 
 subway from the north line of Madison street, produced thence along lines of Central 
 avenue and Pine street to south line of Ohio street, is as follows : 
 
 Feet. 
 South approach 792 
 
 Single arch to river dock line 1,503 
 
 Double arch section 466 
 
 Single arch to commencement of north approach 519 
 
 North approach 451 
 
 Total length 3,731 
 
 There is every reason to believe that this magnificent public work will be under- 
 taken during the year 1892, and that it will be completed before the opening of the 
 World's Fair. Its completion will give the people of the North Side direct connection 
 with the boulevard and park system of the South Side, and the peoples of the South 
 and West Sides direct and rafe connection with Lincoln Park, the North Shore Drive 
 and Sheridan Road, making practically one great pleasure highway from the Indiana 
 State line to a point twenty-six mils north of the Court House. To-morrow we will 
 visit the residence district of the South Side. 
 
 EIGHTEENTH DAY. 
 
 i r es, naturally, we begin with Prairie avenue. Why not? It is the avenue of 
 avenues in Chicago. There are people and very nice people, and very wealthy people, 
 and I might add very exclusive people, living on other avenues, but on no avenue in the 
 city are there to be found the homes of as many people whose names are so closely 
 allied to the enterprise, the progress and the culture of Chicago. We will take a plain, 
 ordinary every-day street car to Sixteenth street, and walk east, toward the lake. 
 Then we will walk south and I will point out the residences to you as best I can, and 
 tell you who occupies them. In the first place you are disappointed with Prairie 
 avenue as you see it, looking south from Sixteenth street. It isn't lined with palaces; 
 no. The homes of the millionaires of Chicago are not palaces. There are much hand- 
 somer residences than a majority of these to be found on other streets and avenues. 
 Many of the mansions are comparatively old. Some of them have a weather-worn 
 appearance. You see it is this way— the people who occupy these houses have long 
 since passed that stage of human weakness which demands display. They could have 
 onyx columns, and burnished cupilos, and stained glass bay windows, and polished 
 marble sidewalks, and little bronze cupids, and all these things if they wanted them, 
 but they don't. They don't need them. The people along here are not of the Veneer- 
 ing variety. They are solidly wealthy. They can afford to let those of us who are 
 struggling to command attention fire off the pyrotechnics. What they want is sim- 
 ply comfort, and this with as little ostentation as possible. Of course I am speaking 
 generally, and of the people who belong to this avenue. There are some here who 
 
THE GUIDE. 605 
 
 belong to other localities, but not many. Don't make the mistake either that these 
 mansions are not eegantly furnished, or that any of the little things that contribute 
 toward making a home thee nter of culture and refinement are wanting here. The 
 walls of many of these mansions are hung with the works of the greatest masters of all 
 times; the libraries are not merely so in name but in fact, and from threshold to garret, 
 if you should be invited to make an investigation, you would find that elegant taste and 
 good judgment have been brought into requisition in regard to every article and every 
 adornment that your eyes may rest on. With this little speech we will take up our 
 line of march. The Sweenie residence is on our left as we move south, and we pass the 
 homes of Josiah H. Boyer, Joseph L. McBirney, Walter H. Wilson and John H. Ham- 
 line, on the same side of the avenue. On the other side are the handsome resi- 
 dences of John G. Shortall, Henry L. Frank, and of P. E. Studebaker, the wagon and 
 carriage manufacturer. Next door to him livi s William R. Sterling. A little further 
 down is Mr. Granger Parwell's place, and opposite is the home of the great coal mer- 
 chant, Robert A. Law. South of Mr. Far-well's are the homes of Hugh J. McBirney, 
 Isaac M. Linville and the 
 
 Hon. Jesse Spalding, the wealthy lumber merchant, Pacific railroad director and 
 prominent politician. South of Mr. Spalding's we pass on the same side the home of 
 William G. Hibbard, and on the other side the residences of Abraham Longini, Morris 
 Einstein, Peter Brust, Rev. George C. Lorimer, Hulburd Dunlevy and Robert Gregory. 
 At No. 1721 we pass the house of the late brilliant and popular lawyer, Wirt Dext er 
 whose widow occupies the home now, and at 1729 we stand in front of the beautiful 
 residence of 
 
 George M. Pullman.— This is a noble mansion, but far from being the home which 
 you supposed Mr. Pullman lived in. We have passed on the other side of the street 
 the residences of T. W. Harvey, of Albert Sturges and of Mr. James H. Walker. We 
 are now in front of an odd-looking, but elegant residence, occupied by Mr. John J. 
 Glessner, and the next is the residence of O.R.Keith. At 1816 we find the home of 
 C. M. Henderson, the wholesale boot and shoe merchant ; at 1828 that of Daniel B. Ship- 
 man, and at 1834 that of Fernando Jones. On the other side of the street is the home, 
 of Mrs Miner T. Ames, at 1827 that of J. W. Doane ; at 1901 Norman B. Ream resides, 
 next door to him lives 
 
 Mr. Marshall Field, in an elegant but unostentatious mansion. At 1919 is the resi- 
 dence of Charles Schwartz, the well-known Board of Trade man ; and further north, 
 at 201', is the residence of George L. Dunlap. Mrs. H. O. Stone, a leader in society, 
 resides at 2035 ; Mr. Elbridge Keith lives at No. 1900, and the home of Edson Keith is at 
 19C6. Mr. Samuel Allerton's number is 1936 ; John M. Clark's is 2000. Going over to the 
 other side we come to No. 2117, which is occupied by 
 
 Mr. P. D. Armour. Like the home3 of the neighboring millionaires, there is noth- 
 ing about Mr. Armour's residence suggestive of the great wealth of its ownei\ It is a 
 handsome dwelling as to exterior ; as to interior, it is fitted up with a regard to com- 
 fort principally, but at the same time an air of genteel refinement and elegant luxury 
 pervades every part of it. From this point south we pass, on either side of the avenue, 
 the homes of many of the leading people of Chicago. As a rule the dwellings are 
 modest. The new fads in architecture, or what Joe Gargery might have called 
 architectitooralooralism, have not found their way into favor along here to any great 
 extent as yet. The street is as quiet as a country lane. Even the banana man's voice is 
 hushed. No noise breaks the dignified stillness of Prairie ave., save the occasional 
 whirr of an Illinois Central suburban train as it flies by the back yards of the buildings 
 on the east side. Although close to the business center, the numerous annoyances of 
 city life are practically left behind by the busy men who make their homes here when 
 they enter its secluded and sedate precincts. 
 
606 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 NINETEENTH DAY, 
 
 Fou will hear a certain class of people talking of the district in which we find our- 
 selves to-day as the "aristocratic " quarter of the city. You will not hear any well- 
 bred, well-educated or cultivated person make use of this expression. It is a decidedly 
 vulgar method of conveying the idea that this section of the city is inhabited very 
 generally by people of means. There is no such thing as an aristocracy in Chicago. 
 There never has been an attempt made to create anything of the kind here. Our 
 wealthy men are men who have worked their own way upward, they are men of the peo- 
 ple, and I believe those of them who are ashamed of their humble origin are very few 
 indeed. Mr. Field would be a gentleman if he didn't have a dollar, for he is naturally 
 a gentleman. His wealth through all the years that be has lived in Chicago has not 
 changed him in the least. The same is true of Mr. Armour— least aristocratic or auto- 
 cratic of men— who is not above the humblest of his employes in his own estimation, 
 and who would rather clothe and feed a needy child than dress for a banquet himself. 
 Mr. Pullman is simply a workingman— a hard workingman— who seldom gets a vaca- 
 tion, and finds his greatest enjoyment in pursuits which are honorable but certainly 
 not aristocratic. These are conspicious representatives of the successful mercantile 
 class in this city, and as such are referred to in this connection. The whole tenor of 
 their lives, viewed from any point, or in any light, proves them to be above a vulgar 
 desire to be thought better than their fellows, simply because they have been more suc- 
 cessful. The respect which is due to marked ability in any line of life, to genius, to 
 indomitable perseverance, to spotless integrity, or to a high position well and honor- 
 ably earned, belongs to these and to hundreds of other men who have attained promi- 
 nence here. If they are regarded with very general esteem by the community at 
 large, it is not because they have accumulated wealth simply, but because they have 
 earned it well and honorably, exactly as men earn fame or position in other avenues 
 of life. There is no mere truckling to or fawning before wealth here. A number of 
 men in Chicago have great wealth who can command no respect. A very large num- 
 ber of men in Chicago have the respect of their neighbors and of the whole community 
 who can command no wealth. With such an independent discriminative and demo- 
 cratic sentiment in existence here, an aristocracy would not be tolerated, even if there 
 were among our wealthy men any so foolish as to favor its establishment. I say 
 these things to you because some of the members of our party came from a country 
 which not only tolerates but enjoys an aristocracy. We ought to understand each 
 other before going any farther. There is no aristocracy here, then. We all stand an 
 equal chance, if we behave ourselves. Now this is 
 
 Calumet Avenue— One of the finest residence streets on the South Side, second only 
 to Prairie avenue and by some considered the handsomer avenue of the two. It is inhab- 
 ited by a class of people such as we found yesterday on Prarie avenue, but perhaps not 
 so many wealthy men are grouped together over here. Among the first residences we 
 come to are those of Mr. John Buckingham, Mr. Norman Williams, Mr. C. H. Fargo, 
 Judge Caton, and, a little farther down, Mr. J. C. Chumesero— all well known and 
 prominent citizens. On the opposite side of the street we find the homes of Henry W. 
 Hoyt, John A. Hamlin, John Ailing and John R. Walsh, equally well-known and 
 prominent people. These are all handsome residences, and are f urnished in the highest 
 taste. Going down the avenue we pass the homes of Lazarus Silverman, the banker ; 
 Otto Young, the well known merchant and manager of " The Fair;" John B. Drake, 
 princ'pal proprietor of the Grand Pacific Hotel ; Robert M. Fair, of Marshall Field & Co.; 
 Judge Kirk Hawes, John P. Laflin, J. H. McAvoy, the big brewer ; John B. Mayo, the 
 jeweler ; and the homes of a number of other persons well-known in society and busi- 
 ness circles. Calumet avenue has a distinguished air about it. The houses are all 
 
THE GUIDE. 607 
 
 fresh-looking and the lawns are bright and attractive. We will walk down a f e w blocks 
 to 
 
 College Place— Which is a decidedly respectable-looking little by-street. Here 
 ome very prominent families reside, but we will only linger a moment to admire their 
 homes before paying asimilairly brief visit to 
 
 University Place— Another rather exclusive neighborhood, where the residents 
 know all about each other and where a stranger would be likely to suffer criticism if 
 he should dare to take up his abode without having been previously presented to 
 the head of the Burgeoise circle. From University Place we naturally turn south on 
 
 Vincennes Avenue— Which is hardly quite as fashionable as some of its neighbors 
 just yet, because it hasn't been so well built up. If you Walk down Vincennes ave. 
 to Forty-third st. you will come upon the Storey mansion, which faces that street with 
 its reir rest ng on Grand boulevard. It looms up like a flour mill from where we 
 stand now, and as a matter of fact it is more like a flour-mill in design and construct- 
 ion than any thing I know of. Yes, it will be sold one of these days and torn down. 
 It was a mad freak. While we are in this vicinity, if you are not too tired, we will 
 walk over to 
 
 Grand Boulevard.— This is one of the fashionable drives of the South Side, and I 
 have already referred to it under the heading ■ ' Park System. 11 Turn the pages over. 
 However, I have said nothing about the people who reside on it. Commencing at the 
 southern extremity, where it joins Washington Park, we will walk up. Among the 
 handsome residences we pass to the right and left are those of Judge H. M. Shepard, 
 Mr. Charles H. Aldrich, Brice Worley, John W. Conley, Mark Webster, William W. 
 Peck, H. E. Henderson, Patrick McManus, S. J. Gorman, Norman T. Gazette, J. H. 
 Campbell, S. P. Parmly, E. Frankenthal, J. McMahon, Judge Gwyne Garnett, John F. 
 Finerty, George E. Cole, and, as the political calls say, "many others. 11 I have not 
 asked you to go through the south parks with me because you have all the informa- 
 tion lean give you regarding those beautiful places in your possession already. I will 
 let you take the parks in yourself later in the evening, and we will wind up our day's 
 trip now by walking west on Thirty-ninth street, and north on Michigan boulevard. 
 All of the streets running north and south and east and west in this neighborhood are 
 interesting to the visitor, for they are beautifully built up and inhabited by people of 
 means and culture. We can only notice them casually as we pass, however. From 
 Thirty-ninth street, north to Twenty-second street, the east and west streets, with one 
 or two exceptions, are considered desirable residence avenues. Especially is this the 
 case with Thirty-third, Thirty-seventh and Thirty-ninth streets. The latter is a boule- 
 vard connecting Grand and Michigan boulevards. LSee Park System and Map.] 
 Passing west on Thirty-ninth street, we admire the cheerful aspect of the houses and 
 find ourselves on 
 
 Michigan Boulevard.— It is still called Michigan avenue here, the park commis- 
 sioners to the contrary, notwithstanding; and you will find it referred to elsewhere 
 in this volume under that title. Michigan avenue is the popular name, and it is likely 
 to cling for many years to come. But the street is a boulevard and under the control 
 of the park commissioners. I don't care what people may say about other streets and 
 avenues— about Prairie, Calumet, Lake, Ellis, Grand, the Lake Shore Drive or Ash- 
 land -Michigan is the finest of them all. What a magnificent stretch of perfect road- 
 way lies before us! How stately and how elegant the graceful residences of the boule- 
 vard, with their handsome lawns and their wide-spreading shade trees, rising on either 
 side until the street narrows to a beautiful country lane, in our vision, a mile to the 
 north ! The roadway is as level as the top of a billiard table ; and the clickity-clicfc of 
 the horses 1 feet over the well-kept pavement is music to our ears, and carries us back 
 
608 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 to the courier's ride in "Held by the Enemy." We are passing some of the finest 
 mansions in the city now— mansions of the new and golden epoch in Chicago's his- 
 tory. I can not point out all of them, but I will show you the homes of people who 
 are well known here. At No. 4225 we find the home of Donald Fraser ; a few doors 
 north, on the same side, No. 3943, the residence of D. R. Lewis; at 3819, that of Rev. G. 
 D. Knapp; and then, as we walk along, we pass in succession the homes of H. L. 
 Bristol, Charles M. Hudders, Joseph Donnersberger, Enoch Root, C. W. Needham, 
 George B. Wright, C. W. Allen, Charles E. Maxwell, A. A. Libby, S. F. Leopold, H. E. 
 Greenebaum, A. D'Ancona, C. A. Kerfoot, A. J. Hewling, Louis Wampold, Eugene 
 O'Rielly ; at 3201, the residence of 
 
 Charles T. Yerkes, president of the North and South Side cable companies, where 
 one of the finest private picture galleries in the country is being fitted up. [See "Art. 1 '] 
 Near here are the homes of William H. Cowles, Simon Mandel, C. W. Pardridge, A. O. 
 Slaughter, and the beautiful mansion of 
 
 Michael Cudahy, the former business partner of P. D. Armour. Next door to the 
 latter resides Judge Mackin, and next door to him lives Mr. John M. Dandy, editor of the 
 Saturday Evening Herald. At 2960 we find the beautiful residence of Emanuel Mandel, 
 of Mandel Bros., and at 2944 the home of Sidney A. Kent. Along here are the homes 
 of the Corneaus, O'Malleys, Hills, Gillettes and Heyworths, and at 2838 is the palatial 
 but extraordinary looking residence of 
 
 Henry N, Higinhotham, Marshall Field's principal business partner. This is a queer 
 looking house, but it is one of the most costly mansions in the country. At 2616 is the 
 home of C. W. Brega, and on the same side of the street farther up are the residences 
 of the Schoenmanns and Cohens, leading Hebrew families. Near here we pass the 
 homes of P. D. Armour, Jr., and of L. Schlessinger. Then we are in the neighborhood 
 of the residences of H. H. Honore, Jr., Edwin Walker, S. K. Martin, Mr. J. A. Roth- 
 schild and David K. Hill, of Willoughby, Hill & Co. At 2505 we pass the home of J. F. 
 Keeney, and farther along those of Mrs. Harold S. Peck, J. B. Clarke, L. A. Calkins 
 and other well-known people. At 23<i3 resides David Mayer, of Schlessinger & Mayer, 
 and some distance up the street Charles Fargo. Wallace Peck lives at 2254, and Mrs. P. 
 F.W. Peck pt 256, where Mr. Clrence J. Peck and wife also make their home. At 2108 
 
 J. Russell J'mes, formerly a foreign minister of the United States government, and 
 latterly principal owner of the West Division street railroad, resides. At 2014 Henry 
 Keep is at home, and a few doors a*,ove resides Albert Keep, whose name must be 
 familiar to you. Other prominent residents along here are J . H. McVicker (1842), Ferd 
 W. Peck (1826), Charles D. Seeberger (1827), William H. Cowles (1805), N. K. Fairbank 
 ( 801), W. W. Kimball (1641), S. C. Griggs (1637), Addison Ballard (1514), M. A. Farwell, 
 (1343), P. J. Sexton (1340), S.D. Kimbark (331), E. J. Lehman (309), and C. L. Willoughby 
 (291). We are now at the end of oiir journey for the da5 7 . The Lake Front park is before 
 you. They are trying to do something to make it attractive for the World's Fair, but 
 it is hard to accomplish anything when adverse circumstances appear to pop up at 
 every step. You will find sail boats on the lake shore. Take one at your own risk. 
 Yes, they are tolerably safe. 
 TWENTIETH DAY. 
 
 It will be out of the question for us to see the entire southern residence section of 
 this city within the time at our disposal. You should give the greater part of this day to 
 Washington Park, Drexel Boulevard and Jackson Park. [See Park System.] All the 
 information you require concerning these beautiful places is given in this volume. At 
 Jackson Park, however, you will be interested in the preparations being pushed 
 forward for the World's Columbian Exposition. [See Part IV.] They are on an exten- 
 sive scale. Coming away from Jacks on Park you should walk or ride through Hyde 
 
TUB GUIDE. 609 
 
 Park, Madison Park, Kenwood, and the other charming districts in the neighborhood. 
 Some of the finest avenues in the world are to be seen down this way, and along these 
 you will find elegant mansions with spacious grounds and beautiful surroundings. 
 Passing toward the west through Midway Plaisance toward Ellis ave., you will 
 see the site of the new University of Chicago, where work is in progress on the new 
 buildings. On Ellis avenue itself, there is a long stretch of beautiful residences. You 
 will find many costly mansions also on Woodlawn, Greenwood, and in fact, on all the 
 avenues running north and south, down here. It would require a week to point them 
 all out to you. Going over to Drexel boulevard, however, there are a few which I 
 will call your attention to. The elegant mansion No. 4851, is the property of Martin A. 
 Ryerson; at 46:1 resides Warren F. Leland; at 4545, W. G. Hall; at 4329, S. M. Gartside; 
 at 4.05, W. H. Murdock; at 4045, Julius Bauer; at 4011, Robert Mclntyre; at 3985, E. 
 B. Sherman. On the other side of the boulevard handsome residences are occupied 
 by Anderson Fowler, James W. Oakley, H. P. Darlington, R. Guthman, George Suf- 
 fern, R. C. Samuel, W. M. Livingston, M. F. Coe, William A. Ballard, Horace W. Soper, 
 W. C. Brewster, J. G. Pattison, Robert C . Boyd, and others. I will leave you to wan- 
 der along this beautiful boulevard at your leisure, and meet you at the cottage where 
 the park ptnetons are in waiting to take you over the entire South Park system. Or, 
 if you prefer it, we will take the cable line up Cottage Grove ave. A few years ago 
 this was rather a poor thoroughfare, architecturally and otherwise, but it is built up 
 substantially and beautifully now, from 39th to 22d st. South of 39th st. it is under- 
 going a transformation also. There was much speculation in real estate here during 
 the past year, when it was supposed that the exposition would be located at Wash- 
 ington Park. Although the purchasers may have been disappointed in this, the 
 avenue is still the most direct business street leading to Midway Plaisance, and 
 doubtless there will be great activity along it during the Columbian Exposition. We 
 pass many beautiful spots on our way north. Among them 
 
 Grovelancl Square, which is hemmed in with handsome residences. Cottage Grove 
 avenue crosses all the fashionable streets on the South Side, east of Michigan avenue, 
 and you notice that we have just had a glimpse of Calumet and Prairie avenues. The 
 cable cars down this way travel like the mischief, but they slow up at 22nd st. Now 
 suppose we take a transfer at 35th street, and go over to the 
 
 Union Stock Yards. All right. We will be in the midst of the greatest meat pack- 
 ing district in the world, in a few minutes, and after showing you inside the gate, I will 
 ask you to turn to the heading " Great Industries of Chicago," and thumb the pages 
 until you come to Union Stock Yards. There you will find all the information you 
 could possibly require concering the yards themselves, the business done and the 
 method of doing it. It is not necessary for me to add anything here. We will meet 
 down here in the morning. 
 TWENTY-FIRST DAY. 
 
 I wanted to meet you near the Stock Yards this morning in order that we might 
 enter the West Division by way of South Halsted street. This is one of the most 
 remarkable thoroughfares in the city of Chicago. You are surprised and quite natur- 
 ally so, to find so many fine business houses down this way, and to find so many busy 
 people other than those who have a connection with the cattle trade. 
 
 South Halsted Street is the commercial artery of the Stock Yards and Bridgeport 
 districts. Where you see the forest of chimneys and the clouds of smoke over there is 
 Bridgeport, and here are located rendering works, glue factories, fertilizer mills, etc., 
 which produce by their combined effort every day an odor strong enough to lift your 
 bat. We happen to be on the right side of that odor to-day. West-siders will tell you 
 
610 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 that when the wind blows from the south they can smell everything from the vale of 
 Cashmere to the cholera district of Asia Minor. But with all its faults and smells 
 Bridgeport has its virtues. Thousands of laborers are employed and well paid here, 
 and it is to the industries which produce the smells that South Halsted street, Archer 
 avenue and Blue Island avenue, and the streets tributary owe their prosper ity. Mr 
 Armour's works over there made 6,250,000 pounds of glue in 1890, besides producing 
 9,C00 tons of fertilizers, grease, etc. They cover fifteen acres and employ 550 men. 
 This is only one of many such concerns. "Walking up South Halsted street we soon 
 find ourselves on the "West Side, and here we begin to notice that the stores are more 
 numerous, and that they are apparently doing a thriving business. There are a few 
 very large concerns down here in the retail trade. We cross the great western rail- 
 road entrance to the city at Sixteenth street, over a viaduct made famous by the riot 
 of 1877. It was here that Deputy Superintendent of Police Joseph Dixon, rode a milk 
 white charger at the head of a battalion of raw recruits, most of whom were mounted 
 upon street car horses, and found himself in the clutches of the mob before he realized 
 that he was a commander without a command. "When he gave the order to advance, the 
 raw recruits retreated. Here, too, one company of the First Regiment, during those 
 trying days, did its utmost towards annihilating another company, mistaking it for the 
 enemy. The only thing that prevented a terrible slaughter was the fact that most of 
 those who did the firing shot into eternal space with their eyes shut. Under this 
 viaduct numerous passenger trains were stoned, and several persons were injured. The 
 
 Riot of 1877 extended all along South Halsted street, from this point south to the 
 Stock Yards and north to Twelfth street, and for a day or two it seemed as though the 
 city was doomed. When it was all over, however, only a few persons were found to 
 have been hurt. It was here that " the pale air was streaked with blood, 1 ' according to 
 the late Stanley Huntly, then a reporter on the Tribune, and here too that the " mol- 
 ten masses of humanity surged and foamed and raged" for twenty-four hours, while 
 " brick-bats flew, strong men turned pale and women fainted." Those were great 
 days for the police and the imaginative reporters. We arrive at 
 
 Twelfth Street, the heart of what was in old times #he " Terror District " of the city. 
 Here a murder used to be a thing of common occurrence, and the policemen detailed 
 for duty on West Twelfth street at night had reason to feel, and did feel, like one upon 
 whom the sentence of death had been pronounced. This was where the thug flour- 
 ished, and where bloody fights were the usual Sunday afternoon pastimes of a 
 large portion of the population. But things are quiet, orderly, and respectable 
 along here now. To our left is the Jesuit Church, and adjoining it is St. Ignatius 
 College. Fine buildings are to be seen on every corner, and a great retail business is 
 done at this intersection. Farther up we come to 
 
 Blue Island Avenue, which, far to the southwest, terminates in the notorious Black 
 Road and leads to the McCormick Reaper Works. Blue Island ave. is another great 
 thoroughfare. Like Twelfth and South Halsted sts., it is the great shopping avenue 
 of the working people who populate this section. The stores are nearly all small, but 
 there are so many of them that we wonder how they all command custom. North of 
 Blue Island avenue we pass some handsome business blocks. The Standard Theatre is 
 at our left, and farther up, near Madison st., we come to the beautiful Academy of 
 Music. If we follow Halsted st. it will carry us over viaducts and bridges into Lake 
 View on the north; past great foundries, manufactories and rolling mills, but the 
 walk is too long. Take a Hansom cab, or take a street car at Madison st., and make 
 the trip. You will enjoy it. You will pass, among other things, St. Joseph's Hospital 
 and the McCormick Seminary. By changing cars at Garfield ave. you can go over to 
 
THE GUIDE. 611 
 
 Lincoln Park. One more change will bring you down Clark or Wells St., and having 
 made the circuit you will find yourself in the heart of the city at a seasonable hour this 
 evening. To-night you might visit the Haymarket, or the Academy, on this side of the 
 river. I will meet you at the Madison st. bridge to-morrow morning. 
 TWENTY-SECOND DAY. 
 
 We will start westward from the Madison street bridge this morning. There is a 
 new and handsome steel bridge here now, which was thrown open to the public dur- 
 ing the past year. The old bridge, which did service here for over a quarter of a cen- 
 tury, was moved down the river to Washington street, where it connects two new via- 
 ducts and makes Washington street, east and west, a thoroughfare. The tunnel 
 through which the cable cars pass runs beneath the river here. The new Madison 
 street bridge is one of the finest swing bridges erected in this city. For years the old 
 bridge was inadequate, but the moving of it was postponed from time to time because 
 of a dread that any change would upset the business of the West and South Sides, dis- 
 commode the public and cause blockades over the other swing bridges near by. 
 Within the past five years, however, new bridges have been constructed at Jackson 
 and Adams streets. Besides these improvements, the switching of the West Division 
 Railway cars under the tunnel greatly relieved the strain upon the Madison street 
 bridge, so that of late, while the travel over here is immense at all hours of the day, 
 and particularly in the morning and in the evening, it is by no means as great as for- 
 merly. It would be an interesting sight for you to stand here on a summer's evening 
 about the time the business houses and factories of the South Side are discharging 
 their throngs of employes, and also about the time the workingmen of the West Side 
 are moving toward their homes in other parts of the city. It has teen the case f <. r a 
 number of years, that just about this time, when the street cars were ove flowing 
 with passengers and following each other up at intervals of less than one-eighth 
 of a minute apart, that a lumber schooner, or half a dozen of them, and perhaps a 
 propeller or two, would demand the opening of the draw. I have seen the block- 
 ade extend from State street to the bridge on the east, and from the bridge to 
 Hoisted street on the west at such times. It would be no exaggeration to say 
 that millions of dollars' worth of time has been lost here by business people dur- 
 ing the last quarter of a century. The cable loop has been a great relief to the 
 public generally. The construction of a new four-track steel bridge here has 
 not only greatly facilitated traffic between the West and South Sides, but has done 
 much toward building up what really ought to be the greatest artery in the city- 
 Madison street. From the bridge to the city limits and beyond, the thoroughfare 
 upon which we are about to enter is called West Madison street. There is an old say- 
 ing in this city that Halsted street extends from Milwaukee to Cairo, and with equal 
 truth it might be said, that Madison street extends from Lake Michigan to Burlington. 
 Iowa. These streets, like many other of the leading thoroughfares of the city, are 
 what are known as section lines. They follow the line of the original surveys made here 
 years before Chicago had developed even into a third-class town. All over Chicago we 
 find that the old country roadways have been preserved in these later days as streets. 
 For instance, before we had railways in this country we had the Green Bay road, 
 which extended from Chicago into the Lake Superior country . At present it is known 
 as North Clark street as far as the city limits, as Evanston avenue for a distance, and 
 again as Chicago avenue until we reach the point beyond our suburban line, where it is 
 still known as the Green Bay road. Milwaukee avenue used to be the old Milwaukee 
 road. Blue Island avenue was the Blue Island road and Lake Avenue, on the South 
 Side, was the military road which led from Fort Dearborn to the nearest garrisons in 
 existence on the border, among them Detroit. Madison street to-day extends through 
 
612 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 the township of West Chi ago and through Cicero. I do not know where it ends, 
 because I have never seen the end of it, but it loses itself miles from here somewhere 
 in the prairie to the west. For three miles west of the bridge it is a business street. 
 When the great fire of 1871 laid the South Side in ashes, t^e greater part of the West 
 Side, in fact all of it ex ept the small district in the vicinity of the barn where Mrs. 
 O'Leary's cow gave the fatal kick, was untouched. Up to this time Madison street 
 was occupied on either side by small frame residences of the semi-genteel character 
 and a great many people doing business on the South Side lived in these houses! 
 Before the peop'e of Chicago had recovered their senses after the conflagration, these 
 West Side residents had commenced tearing the fronts out of their homes, and trans- 
 forming them into shops. From the bridge to Ashland avenue something like three 
 hundred Madison street residences were transformed into stores in less than three 
 weeks to meet the demands of South Side business people. Not only on Madison 
 street, but in fact on all the streets contiguous to the river, private residences were 
 transformed into business houses, into boarding houses and into hotels. As the South 
 Side was rebuilt, many of the people who had taken up temporary quarters in the 
 West Division moved back, and for four or five years there was a large number of 
 vacant shops on this side of the river, but the West Side had experienced the flavor of 
 a business boom, and during the past twenty years its mercantile interests have con- 
 tinued to expand, until to-day, while all the district between the river and Ashland 
 avenue is not given over to business houses, it is almost entirely so. To our left as we 
 leave the viaduct is 
 
 The Union Depot.— The ground covered by this railway station extends from Madi- 
 son st. on the north to Van Buren st. on the south, and covers about a block in width 
 along the river front. This depot has been frequently referred to before, and 
 it only remains to be said here that it is one of the handsomest in the country, and that 
 its train shed is the largest in existence. On the west side of Canal st., and particu- 
 larly in the vicinity of Madison, is a block of buildings which has long been not only a 
 disgrace to the West Division of the city, but to all Chicago. It is covered in part by 
 tumble-down frame buildings, and in part by lodging houses of the lowest description, 
 and the vicinity is the resort of idlers, thieves and vagabonds generally. The lodging 
 houses have frequently been the scene of crimes which have shocked the community, 
 and they have been as well a menace to the general peace of the city in times of 
 riot and disorder. In these lodging houses, also, have been colonized at various times 
 men who have been hired to do disreputable work at the polls. To our right is the old 
 Washington Hotel, a landmark which will shortly disappear to make room for an ele- 
 gant block of buildings. Beyond this, at the northwest corner of Canal st., is a hand- 
 some European hotel, and further on is the Gault House, one of the oldest and best 
 known hotels in the city. From this point to Union st. there is not much to be seen 
 that reflects credit on the West Side, or that will interest the visitor. Opposite Union 
 street, 
 
 Madison Hall has been erected. This structure is to cost $200,000. The site has a 
 frontage of 96 feet on Madison, and extends back 190 feet to School street. The front 
 elevation presents the llomanesq ue style of architecture . The building is constructed 
 in the form of a double L, the west walls extending back 60 feet, and include a hand- 
 some enamel brick porch. It is seven stories high, exclusive of the basement, the two 
 upper floors being fitted up for a dancing pavilion. The first floor contains four 
 stores, each 17x60 feet, two on either side of the main entrance, which are 22 feet 6 
 inches wide and 21 feet high. The second, third and fourth floors contain about 50 
 offices. A seventeen-foot court separates the office building and theatre, which will 
 be 96x112 feet in dimensions, and flre-proof throughout. The proscenium opening is 
 
THE GUIDE. 613 
 
 48x32 feet; the stage, 96x48; the auditorium, 96x64, and foyer, 17x14. It has a seating 
 capacity of 2,600. The stage has two fly floors on either side, and constructed iron 
 rigging loft, 68 feet above the stage, supported by Howe tresses. Two open and eight 
 projecting boxes flank the proscenium opening, and three spacious galleries almost 
 encircle the auditorium. The decoration is largely in Lincrusta Walton and stucco. 
 The first floor has an elevation of fifteen feet; the second, twelve feet; the third and 
 fourth, eleven feet; the fifth, sixteen and a half feet; and the sixth, twenty-four 
 feet. [See Kohl & Middleton's West Side Museum.] Adjoining this new structure stands 
 The New John M.Smyth Building.— The Standard Guide for 1891 contained an 
 engraving and a description of the John M. Smyth building on W est Madison street. 
 The book was scaroely issued before this handsome structure was destroyed by fire. 
 Upon the ruins has arisen a building far more costly and elegant in every detail than 
 its predecessor. It is the handsomest structure in Chicago devoted to retail furniture 
 trade and the most imposing structure on this side of the river. It is eight stories in 
 height and cost over $300,000. The building has a frontage on West Madison street of 
 205 feet, the end wings having each a frontage of forty feet extending back to a 
 depth of 180 feet to School street in the rear, while the center portion with a frontage 
 of 125 feet is 125 feet deep thus having a court for shipping purposes. The court is 
 covered by a trussed glass roof. The exterior of the first two stories is built of tool, 
 dressed blue Bedford stone. Above this Bedford stone is used. The feature of the 
 front is a grand central entrance, being a double arch forty feet wide. The rest of the 
 front is chiefly of plate glass windows, no iron structure being visible on the outside. 
 The central part of the building 125x125, contains a grand vestibule, finished in marble. 
 The main offices are situated on the first floor, these with the entire interior are elabor- 
 ately and beautifully finished. Two grand stairways lead to the upper floors and in 
 addition there are two passenger and four freight elevators. The interior finish is of 
 mill construction, long leaf Georgia pine timbers, which are used in the floor, being 
 four inches thick, and a finish of maple. The building is warmed by steam, while 300 arc 
 electric and 600 incandescent together with innumerable gas jets flood it with light. 
 The burning of the John M. Smyth building filled the whole neighborhood with dis- 
 aster. It was one of the most wicked fires ever witnessed on the West Side. The fire 
 crossed the street to the buildings opposite, several of which were reduced to ruins and 
 for a time the new and magnificent Haymarket building seemed doomed to destruc- 
 tion. While the fire was at its height and half a million dollars worth of property was 
 going up in smoke, Mr. John M. Smyth was approached by a reporter of a morning 
 paper and asked what he thought of it, He said in reply, " As soon as we can remove 
 the debris, we will put up a much handsomer building. "The debris was scarcely cleared 
 away before the work of erecting the new structure had begun. John M. 
 Smyth was the originator of what has come to be knoAvn as the installment idea. From 
 a small beginning his establishment has grown until it is the largest of its kind in the 
 United States if not in the world. Years ago Mr. Smyth was a newspaper man, but 
 left that business before the great fire. He is a well-read, scholarly, refined gentleman, 
 a splendid conversationlist and one of the most popular men on the West Side. For 
 years he has been prominent in politics, a pursuit which he has followed more for 
 recreation than for profit. He is usually to be found in his office from early in the 
 morning until late at night, but is never so rushed with business that he fails to meet 
 his customers with an affable smile or allows them to depart without a courteous 
 hand-shake. You will be interested by a visit to this building. Every floor is an 
 exhibition in itself . It would be impossible to compute the number of customers of this 
 establishment, but it is estimated that John M. Smyth has given a start to over fifty 
 thousand young married people during the past ten years. Across the street is the 
 
 - 
 
614 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Haymarket Building, in which is located the Haymarket Theatre. [See Amuse- 
 ments.] The intersection of Madison and Halsted streets reminds us forcibly of the 
 intersection of Madison and Clark streets, which we saw the other day. Clothing stores 
 occupy three corners and a drug store the fourth. Here is Woolf 's, with its attractive 
 show windows; Bach's, and the London & Liverpool, all of which do a great business. 
 From this point to the dry goods establishment of 
 
 P. F. Ryan & Co., Madison and Peoria sts., there isn't much to attract our atten- 
 tion. Here, however, far removed from the recognized business center, is a large con- 
 cern which compares very favorably with the State st. and Wabash ave. houses. It is a 
 beautiful dry goods store and, judging from the crowds inside, we must presume that 
 it is prosperous. On the opposite corner is another large concern of the same charac- 
 ter, the store of J. W. Tuohy & Co. At Morgan and Madison is the piano house of 
 Adam Schaaf . Then we pass the large furniture concerns of Ulich Bourke, Moore 
 Bros, and others, and find ourselves walking by long rows of attractive retail stores. 
 We l^each Throop sti'eet and the Waverly Theater, Loomis street and the West Side 
 Natatorium, and finally find ourselves at Ogden avenue, where we see more preten- 
 tious structures, among them the Washingtonian Home and the 
 
 Stone Building situated on the triangular strip bounded by Madison, Ogden and 
 Ashland aves. This is a new structure erected by A. J. Stone, one of the hand- 
 somest in Chicago and the first office building to be erected on the West Side. The 
 first two stories are of brown granite, with French plate glass front. There is a main 
 entrance from Madison street consisting of granite pillars supporting an arch. The 
 floors of the vestibule and hall are of marble. The building has a frontage of 65 feet 
 on Madison street, 97 feet on Ogden avenue and 71 feet on Ashland avenue. The 
 height of building from sidewalk to main roof is 100 feet. There are two sets of bay 
 windows on the Ogden avenue side and one on each of the oth?r sides. A circular 
 tower crowns each corner. The architectural design is a modification of the French 
 renaissance known as the flamboyant. We will take the cable here, and after a trip 
 of two miles, passing block after block of handsome buildings, the West Madison 
 stre.t power-house and other points of interest, we arrive at Garfield Park. Just 
 beyond here we may, if we wish, take the Cicero electric line, which will carry us ten 
 miles into the country through some of the prettiest of our prairie suburbs. But I 
 will refer you to " Park System " in this volume, and leave you near the mineral well, 
 where I shall expect to meet you to-morrow. 
 TWENTY-THIRD DAY. 
 
 By reference to that portion of this volume which relates to the park system of 
 Chicago, you will find that extensive improvements are to be made over here. These 
 will not be confined to Garfield park, however, but will cover the boulevards running 
 to the north and south and Douglas and Humboldt parks as well. To-day you will 
 engage a team of Shetlands here and drive over to Douglas park, one of the prettiest 
 of the system. Or, if you prefer it, you can take in Humboldt park, another beautiful 
 West Side breathing place. It is not necessary that I should accompany you in either 
 direction, for I have already given you all the information concerning the parks of 
 the West Side at my command. Give the day to the West Side parks, then, and 
 tomorrow we will drive around the boulevard circuit. 
 TWENTY-FOURTH DAY. 
 
 It is a very popular and certainly a highly enjoyable drive from Garfield park to 
 Douglas, thence east by way of West Twelfth st. boulevard to Ashland, north on 
 Ashland to Union park and west on Washington boulevard to the point of departure. 
 We will take it to-day. Leaving Garfield park, we pass the site of the old West Side 
 
THE GUIDE. 615 
 
 driving park, now being sub-divided into building lots. This district from Albany av. 
 to West Fortieth, far into the town of Cicero, will be thickly populated inside of ten 
 years. I base this prediction upon what has occurred out here during the past ten 
 years. Western ave. was practically the boundary line then. It is a mile further we~t 
 now. The territory we are traveling through is pierced by several suburban lines 
 of railway, notably by the Chicago & Northern Pacific system, and, besides, it is, 
 to a great extent, accessible by the West Side cable system, which brings it within 
 forty-five minutes of the City Hall. With the new river tunnel completed and a cable 
 line running west on Van Buren st. and another running southwest on Ogden ave., 
 people who settle out on this prairie to our right will be nearer the business district, 
 so far as time is concerned, than those who lived between Hoyne and Western aves. a 
 few years ago. No, property is not cheap out here, but it is cheap now in comparison 
 with what it will be five years hence. The southwestern branch of the Lake street 
 " L" road will also pentrate this district, and if the Randolph street line is ever built 
 it must come out this way, for it has got to run south of Garfield park. But there are 
 other reasons why the western prairies are going to fill up. The Grant Locomotive 
 Works are being constructed out on Robinson avenue, to our right. [See Grant 
 Locomotive Works.] These works will employ an army of men. Besides, other great 
 industries have secured sites out this way, and we may look for a complete trans- 
 formation to take place Avest of the parks before the Columbian Exposition opens. 
 If you take the electric line on Madison street, near Fortieth, you will be carried 
 through Austin, Oak Park and other pretty suburbs. Or you may take the " dummy 1 ' 
 train here and visit Waldbeim, Forest Home and the Jewish cemeteries. We are mov- 
 ing at present through a 
 
 Flat Country.— We can see Douglas park t© our left, and beyond we can see the 
 smoke from the McCormick works and catch an occasional glimpse of the Bridewell. 
 That strip of green to the southeast is the fringe along the south branch of the 
 Chicago river. That strip of green to the west is the fringe along the Desplaines 
 river. It is ten miles away. Passing through 
 
 Douglas Park.— We have our choice of exits. We can go north on California 
 ave., or northeast on Ogden ave., or east on Twelfth st. blvd. We select the latter. 
 This carries us to the southern extremity of 
 
 Ashland Blvd., the finest residence street of the West Side. Not, however, until 
 we reach Harrison st. to the north do we pass the handsome residences. We can see the 
 County Hospital to our left, and the various medical colleges which surround it. We 
 also see the beautiful Presbyterian hospital. All of these places are described else- 
 where. At 512 on Ashland ave. we see the home of Joseph Hirsh; at 510, the home of 
 Frank Slavik; at 478 resides William Laflin; at 442, James Baggot; at 438, Rev. J. W. 
 Jackman; at 436, Max Eberhardt; on the opposite side of the street we are passing the 
 residences of F. D. Ketcham, W. P. Ketcham, O. W. Holmes, lames Maxwell, E. P. 
 Wilce and Thomas N. Bond. At 398 resides Heaton Owsly; at 356, George B. Kane; at 
 339, John McLaren; at 329, Charles T. Nash; at 325, George Sherwood. Moving north- 
 ward, and passing many elegant residences, we come to the residence of 
 
 Carter H. Harrison, four times mayor of Chicago, up to the present writing. This 
 is a spacious but old-fashioned dwelling. The number is 231. In this vicinity are the 
 homes of Chas. Goodman, Frank Reilly, William Ridgeway, Charles F. Elmes, Leonard 
 C. Riggs, S. A. Scribner, J. Harley Bradley and other well-known people. At 196 resides 
 William A. Pinkerton. Not far from here, in that elegant residence to the right, 
 resides M. C. McDonald. On the opposite side of the street is the mansion of Charles H. 
 Case. Further up, at 132, is the home of James B. Tascott, the father of Willie Tascott. 
 
616 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 [See Snell Murder.] The Rev. J. L. Withrow resides at 149; to our left, and from this 
 point to Madison st., there are a number of stately residences and fashionable boarding 
 houses. Crossing Madison st. we pass the Congregational Theological Seminary and 
 the popular and fashionable Union Park Congregational Church. On our right is pretty 
 little Union Park itself, and through the trees we can see " Ghott Row " on Ogdea ave. 
 and Washington blvd. extending toward the east. We turn our backs upon Union 
 Park and drive west From this point to Garfield Park 
 
 Washington Blvd. is a beautiful residence street. I wil 1 only point out a few of the 
 residences, however, although I would like to name all the occupants if I had the time. 
 Dr. C. W. Earle occupies the pretty residence at No. 535; J. F. Talcott lives in 570; S. H. 
 McCrea, in 607; James McElroy,in 638; M. B. Loomis, in 629; andF.B. Loomis, next door. 
 
 George B. Davis, director-general of the Columbian Exposition, in 692; Milton Weston, 
 in 728; J . L. Thurber, in 732; J. T. Rawleigh, in 727; P. F. Ryan, in 730; James Granie, in 
 815; G. W. Plummer,in 810; John J. Naghten, in 1145; W. E. Janes, in 1144; J. K. Bigelow, 
 in 1172; F. R. Grant, in 1179; F. J. Tennis, in 1229; G. M. Richardson, in 1388; J. H. Mel- 
 linger, in 1411; C. W. Clingman, in 1473; John Eiszner, in 1487; Joseph E. Shipley, in 1499; 
 and now we have reached the park. On our way down town, after passing Union 
 Park, we come to 470, the residence of C. K. G. Billings; to 450, where A. L. Suesman 
 resides; and to the left, at 425, we find the home of Mrs. A. J. Snell. There are so 
 many handsome places on Washington blvd. that we can not stop to admire them if we 
 want to get down town in time to visit McVicker's this evening. 
 TWENTY-FIFTH DAY. 
 
 I propose that you take in West Monroe, West Adams, West Jackson, West Con- 
 gress, and many of the north and south " cross town " streets of the West Division 
 to-day, in order that you may see for yourself how the great majority of our well-to- 
 do people are situated. These streets are not fashionable in the strict sense of the 
 term, but they are respectable, and a great many fashionable people make their homes 
 along them. We should; not neglect beautiful Warren avenue, or Park avenue, or 
 Walnut street either. You will find some pretty little parks over on the West Side 
 other than those I have pointed out. Jefferson Park, for instance, is a little gem, and it 
 is surrounded by handsome residences. Just east of it, on Adams street, is the Peter 
 Schuttler mansion, which will attract your attention. Vernon Park, to the southwest, 
 is another pretty spot, and here you will find some elegant homes. To tell you even 
 the names of all the people who reside in these comfortable and handsome residences 
 would require more time and patience than we have at our disposal. After you get 
 through with sight-seeing in the residence district you must take a drive south on 
 Ashland avenue and visit the 
 
 Lumber District. Here you will also see the West Side pumping works. The lum- 
 ber district as well as the pumping works are described fully elsewhere. We passed the 
 County Hospital and the Medical Colleges rather hastily yesterday. Go over there. 
 You will be admitted into the great buildings. The wards of the County Hospital may 
 be visited. The Presbyterian Hospital is close by. A little to the north is the Woman's 
 Hospital, which is worthy of your attention. All these places, as well as the Morgue 
 (in the rear of the County Hospital), are fully described in this book. You can not see 
 half enough gf the Hospital district in a day, but you must be ready to take in the 
 northwestern part of the city to-morrow. 
 TWENTY-SIXTH DAY. 
 
 If we cross over the Randolph street bridge, we will soon find ourselves in the new 
 iron, steel and machinery center. There are some beautiful salesrooms on Randolph 
 and Canal and Clinton streets now, and the machinery trade appears to have corae over 
 
THE GUIDE. 617 
 
 here to stay. If you arc interested in mechanics this is the place for you. Everything 
 from laundry to mining machinery is displayed here. There are some big foundries 
 and iron works close by. Moving- north to Lake street, we are in the midst of manu- 
 factories. There is the David Bradley concern, the Fraser & Chalmers works, the shot 
 tower, and dozens of other important manufactories within a stone's throw of us. 
 Near by the great Cold Storage Exchange is being erected. All these places are 
 referred to under the heading " Great Industries of Chicago. 1 ' Turn back the pages 
 and you wil find what you want to know concerning them. From this point Milwau- 
 kee avenue takes a shoot in a northwestern direction. We pass over a great via- 
 duct, crossing the tracks of the North- Western, the Panhandle and the St. Paul 
 roads, and enter upon a thoroughfare which is hardly estimated at its proper worth, 
 because it is so little known to the great majority of our people. Breweries tower to 
 the right of us. Iron manufactories blacken the atmosphere to the left of us, but we 
 are soon walking along a busy street, lined with shops, crowded with vehicles and alive 
 with pedestrians. This is 
 
 Milwaukee Avenue, and it is Milwaukee avenue for miles out. You meet a foreign 
 people over here— principally descendants of the Vikings. You see foreign names 
 over foreign-looking stores. Foreign expressions are heard to drop from foreign- 
 looking people, but you notice that there is a decided air of prosperity pervading all 
 of your surroundings, and you look with admiration upon the thrift and industry 
 which make themselves felt on every side. The majority of the people you come in 
 contact with at first are Scandinavians. Later, as you move to the northwest, you 
 hear the unmistakable German accent a"d see the unmistakable German signs. There 
 are some handsome buildings along here. Mr. Paul O. Stensland's bank gives a metro- 
 politan cc inflexion to the neighborhood. There are book stores, dry goods stores, 
 notion stores, restaurants and hotels here. There are also saloons, but not as many to 
 the block as on some other thoroughfares. Milwaukee avenue will take you out to 
 Humboldt park, or to Wicker park or to the old Snell toll road, or to the northwestern 
 suburbs, if you follow it long enough. You can spend a day over in this section of 
 the city, however, very pleasantly, and one of the things which will attract your 
 attention is the great amount of building going on. On all sides fine store-houses and 
 residences are rising up as if by magic. You can rest in Humboldt Park when you are 
 tired of walking or riding, and while at the park don't fail to visit the Conservatory. 
 [See Park Conservatories.] The cable line will carry you out into the country. If you 
 would like to make the circuit you can take connecting lines which will bring you 
 back to the center of the city via the North Side cable. To-morrow we will move upon 
 the North Side. 
 TWENTY-SEVENTH DAY. 
 
 North Clark is the principal artery of the North Division. From this beautiful and 
 bustling thoroughfare nearly all the principal streets diverge. It is also the dividing 
 line between the residence and the business or manufacturing districts of this section. 
 Between N. Clark and Lake Michigan are to be found the handsome residences, the 
 fine churches and the magnificent apartment houses. True, LaSalle ave. is not to be 
 ignored, but south of Chicago ave. it can not be any longer considen-ed as a fashionable 
 street. The fine residences have been in most instances turned into boarding houses, 
 many of them are not over respectable. North and northwest of North ave. there are 
 some elegant dwellings, but this district is noted for other attractions. We will take 
 the cable from Michigan st. to Lincoln Park. On our way we pass some very handsome 
 business blocks. North Clark st. has a more dignified appearance than W. Madison st. 
 The buildings, as a rule, are higher and more substantial. There are some very fine 
 family hotels along here, and some large stores. At Illinois st. we come to the 
 
618 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 Palace Hotel.— The scheme for extending this hotel is to result in establishing 
 one of the greatest hostelries in the world on the North Side. [See Illustration.] 
 It is to contain 800 rooms and to cover two entire sides of a block. The plans, 
 which have been prepared, provide for a seven-story building, to extend from the 
 corner of Clark and Indiana streets south to Illinois street and west on Illinois street 
 The Palace Hotel, 100 feet on Clark street and 80 feet on Indiana street, occupies the 
 corner. It is seven stories and basement high. Next to this is an a'Jey. South of this 
 is a four-story building, and on the corner is a building five stories high. The entire 
 Clark street frontage is to be brought up to the height of the Palace Hotel, the addi- 
 tonal stories will be of the lightest possible composition. The walls will probably 
 be built of hollow brick and terra cotta. It has been decided to build bay-windows 
 over the alley. On the Illinois street side the plans are not so well developed. The 
 hotel company has leased eighty feet in addition to the eighty -foot corner. This will 
 be built up eighty-three feet high, to correspond with the Clark street frontage. The 
 reconstructed building is to be known as the Grand Palace Hotel, and will cost $300,OCO, 
 and will be under the management of C . P. Newberry, owner and proprietor of the pres- 
 ent Palace Hotel. Passing Chicago avenue we can see the North Side water tower to 
 our right, and Moody's church to our left. Passing Washington square we see that the 
 building of the magnificent Newberry Library is progressing. [See Newberry Library.] 
 In the vicinity of this square are some handsome apartment houses and some of the 
 most fashionable churches in the city. Beautiful Dearborn ave. skirts the park to the 
 right, and through the trees we can see the elegant building of the Union Club. Where 
 the Newberry building is being erected stood the old Ogden residence, for many years 
 an object of interest to strangers because it was the only building in the North 
 Division that withstood the onslaught of the conflagration on October 9, 1871. [See 
 Ogden residence.] Leaving Washington park, the next object of interest we come 
 across is the Clark street power-house of the North Chicago cable lines. [See City 
 Railways.] We may go inside and watch the movement of the magnificent machinery 
 for awhile, after which we will proceed directly to Lincoln park. Here I will leave 
 you to spend the day, referring you to the heading " Park System " for all such 
 information as you may require regarding the attractions of this beautiful resort. If 
 you will remain until evening you will see the Yerke's electric fountain, a sight worth 
 witnessing. [See Yerke's Electric Fountain.] I would also suggest that you visit the 
 Sanitarium on the lake shore. [See Daily News Fresh Air Fund.] To-morrow I will 
 meet you in front of the Lincoln monument. 
 TWENTY-EIGHTH DAY. 
 
 Dearborn avenue, from this point south, is a beautiful and fashionable residence 
 street. To our left, before we enter the avenue, on the southeast corner of North State 
 and North avenue, is the elegant Archipiscopal palace of the Mt. Rev. P. A. Feehan, 
 Roman Catholic Archbishop of the diocese of Chicago. Farther toward the east, 
 and to our left is the head of the beautiful Lake Shore Drive. (See Lake Shore Drive.) 
 Moving down Dearborn avenue we pass on either side numerous handsome residences. 
 At No. 628 resides H. H. Shuf eldt, the well known distiller. Adjoining his are the resi- 
 dences of W. C. and S. E. Egan. Farther down, at 602, resides S. M. Fargo. At 592 re- 
 sides Louis Stern, at 537 Wm. Sprague, at 533 D. H. Tolman, at 517 H. D. Colvin, at £32 
 O. W. Potter, at 471 R. Meadowcroft, at 408 B. F. Culver, at 400 J. M. Adsit, at 370 Wm. 
 M. Hoyt, at 362 the family of B. H. Campbell, at 350 John S. Runnels, counsel for Geo. 
 M. Pullman, at 323 Geo. S. Dunlap, at 321 Dr. R. N. Isham, at 330 J. J. McGrath, and in 
 this vicinity a large number of persons equally well known in business and society 
 circles. Running paralell with Dearborn avenue are North State street, Rush street 
 and a number of other avenues upon which reside many of the leading people of 
 
THE GUIDE. 619 
 
 the city, and where we wilJ find some very elegant homes. At 118, on State street is the 
 Ontario, a fashionable apartment house, and among' the residents on the street are J. 
 J. P.Odell (483), James A. Kirk (533), S S. Chisholm (537), Gen. A. S. Chetlain (543), 
 Lyman J. Gage (470), Geo. Howland, (48?) and Clarence H. Dyer (516). Among the 
 well-known residents on 
 
 Rush Street are Mrs. Cyrus H. McCormick (135), with whom reside Mr. and Mrs, 
 Emmons Blaine, Henry W. King (151), Cyrus H. Adams (155), W. K. Nixon (156). Close 
 by are the Marquette and Victoria apartment houses which are occupied by fashion- 
 able people. While in this vicinity a number of the streets running east and west 
 should be visited. They are all fashionable avenues and are lined with beautiful resi- 
 dences. The 
 
 Lake Sliore Drive is refered to at very considerable length in this volume. It is not 
 yet, perhaps, but it is destined to te the most magnificent boulevard in Chicago. There 
 are not many residents on the drive as yet, but those who have located here are among 
 the first people of the city, and their homes are perhaps the most elegant we have to 
 exhibit to the visitor. As you drive toward Lincoln Park you pass at No. 57 the home 
 of Edward F. Lawrence. Close by, on Pearson street, are the winter residences of John 
 V. and C. B. Farwell. At No. 60 resides A. C. McClurg; at 66 Mason Starring and Prof. 
 David Swing; at 100 is the magnificent residence of Potter Palmer; at 103 resides 
 Franklin Mac Veagh; at 109 S. E. Barrett; at 111 H. A. Towner; at 112 V. C. Turner; at 
 10 George Armour. Before leaving the residence district of the North Side, the 
 northern part of La Salle ave. should be visited. At 300 resides J. McGregor Adams; 
 at 317 Victor F. Lawson, editor of the Daily News ; at 353 Dr. F. Henrotin; at 367 
 N. H. Blatchford; at 388 Geo. O. Fairbanks; at 436 H. A. Kirchoff ; at 448 Malcolm 
 McNeil ; at 520 Wm. Vocke; and all along the avenue people of prominence in society 
 and business circles. A day spent in driving or walking along these beautiful streets 
 will be a day well spent. 
 TWENTY-NINTH DAY. 
 
 To-daj- we can not do better than to wander through Lake View, formerly a city 
 in itself, now a portion of Chicago. A trip through this section may take us along the 
 north shore of the lake, into Graceland Cemetery, or through Argyle Park and Edge- 
 water, all of which are described elsewhere, or we may not halt until we have pa ssed 
 through the village of Ravenswood and on to Rose Hill. Whichever direction we may 
 take, if we keep to the lake shore, we will find ourselves surrounded by residences and 
 lawns unexcelled for beauty in any part of the city. Or we may.strike out toward the 
 west and find ourselves on the thoroughfares which sweep through the populous district 
 lying contiguous to the north branch of the Chicago river. Over here we will find 
 the Deering Works and the North Side Rolling Mills, already described. In the dis- 
 trict lying between the river and Lincoln Park we will find several business centers 
 which will be a surprise to us. These are penetrated and fed by Sedgwick st., Larrabee 
 st., N. Halsted st., Garfield ave., and Lincoln ave. On the latter thoroughfare we find 
 a cable railway which carries us out beyond the present building limits. In this quar- 
 ter of the city are many handsome public institutions. I have already called your 
 attention to St. Joseph's Hospital and to the McCormick Seminary. Besides these you 
 Avill pass the Uhlich Orphan Asylum and many very handsome churches of the various 
 denominations. The business blocks on N. Market, N. Halsted, Sedgwick St., Larra- 
 bee st., Garfield ave., Lincoln ave. and even on far away Fullerton ave. will compare 
 very favorably with pretentious structures in the heart of the business district. 
 There is a great local traffic going on out this way. Miles from the commercial center 
 
 . 
 
620 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 you find yourself practically in another city, independent almost of the down town 
 section, with its own theaters, public halls, retail stores, promenades and distinctive 
 interests. 
 THIRTIETH DAY. 
 
 You will necessarily, and as a matter of course desire to visit the suburbs. Not 
 many of these can be visited in a day or even in a week. But we can take a North- 
 Western train this morning and, at least, pay a flying visit to the beautiful villages 
 which are to be found along the Milwaukee division. We select this division because 
 I want you to see, particularly, the buildings of the Northwestern University. These 
 are described in full under the head of Educational Institutions. If you have any 
 leisure time on your hands before the close of the day, you will visit Fort Sheridan, 
 only a short distance to the north. This post is described under the head of Military. 
 Trains are passing at frequent intervals, and if there is still an hour left, you can visit 
 Calvary and Rosehill cemeteries on your return trip to the city. 
 
 THIRTY-FIRST DAY. 
 
 We have not been able up to this time, to give our attention to the great manu- 
 facturing towns which lie to the south of the city. The Calumet District should not 
 be overlooked by the visitor. It is already fully covered in the body of this volume, 
 under the headings, " Outlying Chicago " and " Great Industries of Chicago." All the 
 world has heard of Pullman, aDd all the people of the world who will visit Chicago 
 during the next three years will want to see that wonderful industrial center, South 
 Chicago. Hegewish, Harvey, Hammond and Tolleston are destined to become equally 
 famous in the near future. All the information obtainable with reference to these 
 great manufacturing centers, you will find by reference to the index. I leave you 
 here to pursue your journey alone. During the days I have been with you we have 
 seen a great part, but by no means all of Chicago. I have not, as a rule, gone over the 
 ground already covered by other departments of this volume, leaving you to deter- 
 mine for yourself which places you should visit and which you should pass by. 
 
 Before saying good-bye to you, I want to call your attention to a number of houses 
 of prominence and resp : ctability , and a number of attractions which you should 
 visit and see before leaving Chicago. In the very necessity of the case it was 
 impossible for me to stop long enough at each of these places as Ave went along, but 
 now your time is your own and I advise you to give them your earnest consideration. 
 You are certain to be interested in what follows. 
 
 Dodge Manufacturing Company, The.— The Dodge Manufacturing Company, prop- 
 erly a Chicago concern, with factory situated at Mishawaka, Indiana. Their ground 
 plant covers a space of eighty acres and a floorage capacity of twenty acres. This con- 
 cern is the largest manufacturer of pulleys in the world, their daily output being about 
 750 pulleys. This factory was entirely destroyed by fire and rebuilt in a modest way 
 the same year. Success crowned their efforts, and now the plant is one of the repre- 
 sentative establishments of the country. Over seven million bricks have been used in 
 the construction of this plant, and of these over five million have been laid during the 
 past four years. About 500 men are employed in the large works of this company. 
 Their works are equipped throughout with new and special machinery for the manu- 
 facture of pulleys. Their product is popularly known as the Dodge Patent Inde- 
 pendence Wood Split Pulley, and the increasing demand for this pulley is considered 
 ample evidence as to their merit over any other pulley in the market. By their patent 
 bushing every pulley is capable of being adjusted to from twenty-five to forty different 
 sizes of shaft, making their daily output equal to "0,000 iron pulleys. This company is 
 also originator of the Dodge patent system of power transmission by manila rope. 
 
THE GUIDE. 621 
 
 This system has been copied by numerous manufacturers throughout the country, but 
 the hoDor of origination belongs only to the Dodge people. They have built and 
 erected rope drives ranging in capacity from 2,0C0 horse-power down, and covering 
 distances as far as 4,000 feet. A fully-equipped foundry with a melting capacity of 
 eighty tons per day, also an extensive machine shop, represents part of this company's 
 plant. A new line of power-transmitting appliances, including hangers, pillow blocks, 
 couplings, friction clutches, etc., has been added to their list of products. They also 
 enjoy the reputation of having the finest engine room in this country. The Chicago 
 office of this concern is located at 63 and 65 South Canal street, where a large stock of 
 their several specialties is carried for immediate delivery. 
 
 Gormully & Jeffery Mfg. Co.— Makers of the "Rambler" bicycles. R. Philip Gor- 
 mully, president and treasurer; Thos. B. Jeffery, secretary and superintendent. 
 Works located on North Franklin and Pearson streets; retail salesroom at 85 Madison 
 street; has branch houses in New York, Boston and Washington. Established in 1879. 
 This concern from a small beginning now ranks as one of the leaders in its particular 
 line, the value of their immense plant mounting well up into six figures. It is the 
 second oldest bicycle institution in this country, was the first in the West and also the 
 very first in America, with sufficient faith in what, less than eight years ago, seemed 
 a very precarious industry, to erect and equip a factory specially for the manufacture 
 of bicycles. It is also largely through its efforts that the trade has assumed the pro- 
 portions of to-day, as they resisted the demand for payment of royalty, which was 
 levied by the holder of the original license, and after a long and expensive legal fight, 
 ending in the supreme court of theU. S., they secured a verdict on each and every 
 point raised. The decision threw the doors open and the bicycle industry, along with 
 the Gormully & Jeffery Co., has since gone on and flourished. 
 
 Marine Engine Works.— Robert Tarrant, proprietor. This is one of the pioneer 
 indu tries in its line in this city, having been started in 1P57 by Mr. John Murphy, who, 
 with various partners, was connected with it up to 1866, at which time Mr. Tarrant 
 entered into partnership with him under the firm name of Murphy & Tarrant, their 
 connection continuing until the great fire of 1871, at which time Mr. Murphy retired. 
 Mr. Tarrant, with the energy charac' eristic of him, at once began to enlarge the busi- 
 ne:S, and, as a result, has to-day a shop whose equipments of tools and appliances is 
 second to none in the country. Eight years ago he built and occupied his present 
 quarters at 52, 54 and 56 Illinois street, which are 75 feet by 100 feet, five stories high, 
 and which it was supposed would be amply sufficient for the requirements of his busi- 
 ness for years to come, but its growth has kept pace with that of the city, and a contin- 
 uance of it will compel larger accommodations. His line of manufacture is varied, 
 running from the finest tools for watch-making to mammoth presses for printing 
 newspapers, ice machines, brick presses, marine engines and any special machine which 
 the market may require. In 1885, finding that his business required a better grade of 
 castings than the f oundries of that time could furnish, he decided it to be necessary for 
 him to branch out in that auxiliary line, and consequently associated with him in the 
 foundry business, Mr. John Ramsay, who had and has the reputation of beiug the best 
 foundryman in the Western country, under the firm name of Tarrant & Ramsay, 
 but in 1891 the requirements of the business induced them to organize as a corporation 
 under the name of the Tarrant & Ramsay Company. This concern has rapidly 
 come to the front by its ability to make difficult and large castings, and lately suc- 
 ceeded in making three, weighing twenty tons each, which are the largest made west 
 of New York. 
 
 Henry Dibblee Co., The.— Location of factory and sales rooms 149 and 150 Michi- 
 gan ave., (formerly and for many years at 266 and 268 Wabash ave.) The com- 
 
622 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 pany occupies the entire four-story building at the numbers named, where they 
 employ a large number of workmen in the manufacture of the finest special designs 
 in wood mantels, bookcases, office fixtures, side-boards and all kinds of interior orna- 
 mental furnishings. The business of the company was established in "iO by Henry 
 Dibblee, in whose name it was conducted until 1886, when it was incorporated with a 
 capital stock of $75,0C0. Officers: Anson S.Hopkins, president; B. E. Sunny, vice- 
 president; J. G. Sanborn, secretary and treasurer. They carry in stock the largest 
 assortment cf grates and mantels, and are large importers of English tiles for floors, 
 walls, etc. Among the many prominent buildings fitted up by this company we may 
 mention the Auditorium, of Chicago ; Kinsley's, the Pullman office building, the Polk 
 street and Great Western depots, the Keith and Perry office buildings. Kansas City; 
 the Northwestern Life Insurance building, Milwaukee ; the Tennessee Club, of Mem- 
 phis, Tenn., as well as hosts of the finest private residences. Their elegantly fitted 
 show rooms are worthy of a visit from the stranger, and especially those interested in 
 the lines manufactured and carried by this company. ] 
 
 Rice and Whitacre Manufacturing Company.— Located 47 and 49 South Canal street. 
 Established as a firm 18S0. Incorporated, 1887. Manufacture and handle engines, boilers, 
 steam pumps, power transmitting machinery, steam and hot water heating apparatus. 
 Among goods of their own manufacture are the "Kriebel" steam engines an d the 
 "Triumph" steam and hot water heaters. They are also agents in the West for the 
 "Gurney" hot water heaters, and handle a large line of stationary, automatic and 
 hoisting engines outside of those of their own manufacture, as well as steel boilers of 
 all styles. As a part of their local business they contract for the erection of complete 
 steam-power plants. Outside of Chicago their trade in certain lines extends to all 
 parts of the United States, and some of their goods are sold for export. Their shops 
 are well equipped with modern improvements and facilities, including the latest 
 machinery, while a large f orce of skilled men is required to meet the demands of their 
 constantly increasing patronage. 
 
 The Edward Ely Company.— Few establishments in mercantile life occupy more 
 general attention in these days of tasteful attire than those devoted to the manufac- 
 ture and sale of male garments, for at no period during its entire history has the 
 tailor's art been so highly appreciated or better understood than at the present day. 
 Among the many popular and prosperous houses devottd to this important branch of 
 industry in Chicago, and well worthy of more than passing notice, is the concern of 
 the Edward Ely Company, whose well-ordered establishment is most central 1 . y located 
 in the Ely Building, at the corner of Wabash avenue and Monroe street, and which Las 
 for many years enjoyed a wide-spread reputation for the superior quality of its pro- 
 ductions, and fair, square and liberal business methods. Mr. Ely, the founder of this 
 enterprise, was born in Huntington, Conn., and settled in Chicago in 1852. Being a 
 thorough master of the merchant tailoring trade, he embarked in business on his own 
 account in 1854, and, after amassing a competence in a comparatively brief period, lost 
 almost his al\ in common with som?ny of his brother business men, during the holo- 
 caust of 1871. With characteristic energy, he at once began the attempt to rebuild his 
 fallen fortunes, and with such success that in 1886 he inaugurated the present company 
 under the laws of the state of Illinois, with a paid-up capital of 3100,000. His present 
 quarters constitute one of the finest appointed merchant tailoring emporiums in Chi- 
 cago, and are fully equipped with every convenience for the cemfort of patrons, and 
 the advantageous display of the fine stock of French, English and German broadcloths, 
 cassimeres, woolens, worsteds-, tweeds, meltons, cheviots, diagonals, etc., in all the 
 latest and most fashionable styles. Some idea may be formed of the extent of the oper- 
 ations of this company when it is stated that five cutters and seventy-five journeymen 
 
THE GUIDE. 623 
 
 are provided with constant employment. Mr. Ely, in point of fact, ranks as the lead- 
 ing merchant tailor of the Metropolis of the "West, his trading connection being broadly 
 distributed over the entire Union. He is a prominent member of both social and com- 
 mercial circles, actively identified with the Merchant Tailors' Association, and a heavy 
 holder of Chicago realty. 
 
 Irwin, Green & Co.— This is one of the oldest houses in the grain commission trade 
 in Chicago. Located at 126 to 131 Rialto Building adjoining the Board of Trade. D . W. 
 Irwin and A. W. Green and C. D. Irwin compose the firm. Established by D. W. 
 Irwin in 18o4. Later it became D. W. Irwin & Co., and continued so for some years. 
 Mr. Green has been with the house over twenty years. C. D. Irwin is a son of the 
 senior member. The firm has ridden out all panics, has never failed, has always enjoy- 
 ed the highest credit among bankers and the trade in general, and does a large receiv- 
 ing and shipping business, besides, dealir g extensively in grain and provisions and 
 buying and selling for future delivery all commodities dealt in on the Board of Trade. 
 The firm's offices in the Rialto Building comprise a fine suite of rooms, are convenient 
 to the Board and worthy of a visit from the stranger. 
 
 Fred S. James & Co. —Chicago is to be congratulated upon the high , standard of 
 enterprise, ability and integrity displayed by its leading fire underwriters, prominent 
 among whom is the responsible firm of Fred S. James & Co. This extensive business 
 was established in 1863 by Alfred and Fred S. James and continued in that name until 
 1871, when the business was transferred to Fred S. James & Co. Associated with Fred 
 S. James at the present time are Wm. D. Marsh and George W. Blossom. The firm 
 was one of the few to go through the great c; nflagration of 1871 with comparatively 
 few failures in their line of companies, so conservative and prudent had they been in 
 the selection of risks— their offices are located at 174 La Salle street, and are commo- 
 diously and handsDmely fitted up and furnished with great'taste. A number of assis- 
 tants are employed; and every facility is at hand for the transaction of the leading 
 underwriter's business in a prompt and satisfactory manner. This firm is the agent for 
 a number of the leading corporations in their line. Among the many represented are 
 the following: Lancashire of England, cash assets $2,010,219; Firemen's Fire Insur- 
 ance Co., Boston, Mass., cash capital $400,000; Eliot Insurance Co., Boston, Mass., cash 
 capital $200,000; Connecticut Fire Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn., cash capital $1,000,- 
 000; National Fire Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn., cash capital $ 1,000,0.. 0; Broadway 
 Insurance Co., New York, cash capital $2,000,000; The Delaware Mutual Safety Insur- 
 ance Co., Philadelphia, Penn., cash capital $702,875. 
 
 E.S.& W.S. Fowler. —Located at 38 Madison street. Familiarly known as 
 Fowler's. The leading manufacturing optician of Chicago. This house makes a 
 specialty of scientific testing of the eye and grinding glasses to correct any defect of 
 vision. They employ experts and solicit the most complicated cases. The stranger 
 visiting Chicago, if troubled with any disease of the eye, will find it to hisj advantage 
 to visit this establishment. 
 
 Western Wheel Works— Factory, Wells, Schiller and Sigel streets, North Sitfe; main 
 office, 501 Wells street. Tho largest bicycle manufacturing establishment in America. 
 The factories of this company contain 25 ,000 square feet of floor space and employ one 
 thousand men. No less than 25,000 safety bicycles were made and sold in 1891. The 
 facilities of the establishment have been doubled. Among the most popular bicycles 
 manufactured here are the Blackhawk, Crescent No. 2, Escort, Crescent No. 1, Juno, 
 Rob Boy No. 3, Rob Roy No. 2, Rob Roy No. 1. Here are also manufactured the Cinch, 
 Combination Junior, Boy's Junior and Pet. These machines have a market in every 
 part of the world, and owing to their popularity the export trade is constantly increas- 
 ing. They are everywhere considered among the most reliable and popular. Some of 
 
624 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 the makes mentioned have been ridden by champions in prize contests throughout the 
 country. Eastern agents, R. L. Coleman & Co., 35 Barclay St., New York. 
 
 Sawyer-Goodman Co.— The Sawyer-Goodman Company, 500 Lumber St. and 107 
 Dearborn St., is one of the largest and most widely known lumber companies in 
 America. Its officers were pioneers in the manufacture of lumber in Michigan and 
 Wisconsin, and it now owns large areas of pine forests in those states, and its mills 
 are of the largest capacity and most modern construction. The distributing yards in 
 Chicago are among the most extensive in the city, with one thousand feet of dock 
 front and track room to load fifty cars daily. Having ample room for piling in these 
 great yards, a stock of lumber, unsurpassed in extent, is constantly on hand, from 
 which demands for pine lumber for every conceivable purpose can be promptly 
 filled; whether from the wholesale lumber merchant of Chicago, to supply the de- 
 ficiencies of his stock, or from the lumbermen of other cities, or more especially for 
 shipment by rail to the more remote, but no less important trade of the retail lumber 
 dealers in all parts of the country. This company also manufactures and supplies 
 f r^m its mills large quantities of the stock handled by other lumbermen. The com- 
 bined sales of its mills and Chicago yards have exceeded an average of 75,000,COO feet 
 annually for many years. To the stranger in Chicago a visit to these yards and docks 
 on the river near 22nd Street bridge would be very interesting, and tourists who 
 desire to see something of this most important industry would be well repaid for a 
 visit to the mills of the company at Marinette, Wisconsin, only one night's ride from 
 Chicago by palace car. The President of this company is Hon. Philetus Sawyer, of 
 Wisconsin, the well-known United States senator; the active officers in Chicago being 
 James B. Goodman, secretary, and Wm. O. Goodman, treasurer. 
 
 E. W. Blatchford & Co.— Located at the intersection of Clinton and Fulton streets 
 and Milwaukee avenue, in the center of the West Side manufacturing district, we.l 
 worth a visit by all strangers coming to Chicago, are the works of E. W. Blatchford & 
 Company and The Chicago Shot Tower. The former was established at this point forty 
 and the latter twenty-five years ago. The business has been enlarged and extended to 
 meet the growth of our city and the Northwest, and has always been the leading man- 
 ufacturing concern in the West for lead and lead products. This includes lead pipe 
 sheet lead, bar and pig lead, glaziers' lead, sash weights, etc., etc. During the past 
 twenty years this house has given special Lttention to mixed metals, electrotype and 
 stereotype metals. Finding it necessary to have on hand at all times for their own 
 uses pig tin and copper, ingot, sheet and bar antimony of all grades, spelter, antimon- 
 ial lead, in large quantities, they are in the best possible position to fill the require- 
 ments of the trade generally on particular' y advantageous terms. 
 
 During the past few years the Blatchford Cartridge Works have been incorporated 
 with the other business, and their loaded shells have rapidly taken the first position in 
 the estimation of the shooting community. A visit to their works can not fail to be 
 very interesting to all those concerned in this line of business. 
 
 There are many objects of interest amonar the large manufacturing concerns in 
 this neighborhood, and a visit to the Shot Tower and its vicinity will amp.y repay the 
 time devoted to this purpose. 
 
 PettWone, MuUiken & Company's Works.— Situated on four acres of ground, 
 occupying the block bounded by Hawthorne avenue, Eastman, Dayton and Rees 
 streets, having 450 feet front on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway. The 
 buildings are of substantial character, built of brick, and cover nearly two-thirds of 
 the property. Pettibone, Mulliken & Company are manufacturers of Strom Clamp 
 Frogs, Channel Split Switches, Axel Automatic Switch Stands, Pilot Automatic Switch 
 Stands, Banker Switch Stands, Marks SAvitch Stands, Samson Head Chairs, Tie Bars, 
 
THE BUYERS GUIDE — LEADING HOUSES. 
 
 S OAP DIES A ND PRESSES. 
 
 CHRISTY & CO., 
 Engravers. 
 
 Printing Plates for boxes. 
 32 to 40 S. Jefferson Street. 
 
 SPOOL COTTON AND THREAD MTRS. 
 
 MERRICK THREAD CO., 
 Manufacturers of Merrick's Best Six Cord 
 
 Soft Finish Spool Cotton. 
 
 General Western Agency, 205 Fifth Avenue, 
 
 E. A. Still, Manager. Chicago. 
 
 STATIONERS. 
 
 Account Books, Stationery, Good Printing. 
 
 Thayer & Jackson Stationery Co. 
 
 Formerly Skeen & Stuart Stationery Co. 
 
 215 and 247 State St., near Jackson. 
 
 STEAM PIPE COVERING, ~ 
 
 MAGNESIA SECTIONAL COVERING. 
 Alfked C. Kemper, 
 
 Gen. Western Agent. 
 208 and 210 Lake Street. 
 
 STENCIL AND ST^MP GOODS. 
 
 C. H. HANSON, 
 
 Engraving, Stencils and Stamp Goods. 
 JEtubber Stamp Supplies, 
 
 Imported Numbering Machines, &c. 
 44 Clark St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS 
 
 SHARP & SMITH, 
 
 M'f'rs & Imp't'rs of Surgical Instruments. 
 
 Artificial Limbs. Elastic Stockings. 
 
 Artificial Eyes. Veterinary Instruments. 
 
 73 Randolph St., Chicago. 
 
 TENTS, AWN IN GS^ AND COVERS. 
 
 MURRAY & CO., 
 
 Randolph and Jefferson Sts. 
 
 TWINES AND CORDAGE. 
 
 . GEO. B. CARPENTER & CO., 
 
 Best Grades and Make of All Kinds,— 
 
 Manilla and Sisal Twines 
 
 of All Kinds. 
 
 202-2C8 So. Water St., - - Chicago. 
 
 UPHOLSTERY GOODS. 
 
 AUG. HEUER & SONS, 
 
 Wholesale Dealers in 
 
 Cabinet Hardware and Upholstery Goods. 
 
 173 Randolph Street, Chicago, 111 
 
 VENTILATORS. 
 
 ANDREWS, JOHNSON & CO. 
 
 Ventilating Contractors and manufacturers 
 
 of Sheet Metal Work. 
 
 46-48 S. Canal St., Chicago, 
 
 WALL PAPER. 
 
 S. A. MAXWELL & CO., 
 134 & 136 Wabash Avenue, Chicago. 
 Artistic Wall Paper. 
 
 Fresco and Plain Painting. 
 
 WA TCH MAKERS AND JEWELERS. 
 
 THE SHURLY CO. 
 
 56 Randolph St., 
 Chicago. 
 
 WHOLESALE MILLINERS. 
 
 EDSON KEITH & COMPANY r . 
 
 Straw Goods, Ribbons, Velvets. Plushes, 
 
 Silks, White Goods, Embroideries, Laces, 
 
 Ladies' Furnishings, Yarns, Etc. 
 
 Waba-jh Ave. & Monroe St., Chicago. 
 
 WHOLESALE FURNITURE. 
 
 KNAPP & STODDARD, 
 
 Wholesale Furniture— Mill Agents. 
 
 The Auditorium is one of the many Hotels 
 
 we have furnished. 
 
 267 & 2ti'J Wabash Avenue. 
 
 WOOD CARPETS AND PARQUET FLOORS. 
 
 Wood Carpets, Wood Mosaic, Parquet Bor- 
 ders. Inlaid Floors, Butcher's 
 Boston Polish. 
 E. B. MOORE & CO., 
 
 43 Randolph Street. 
 
 J. DUNFEE & CO., 
 
 104 and .16 Franklin Street. 
 
 Plain and Ornamental Hardwood Floors, 
 
 Wood Carpets, etc. 
 Estimates Furnished— Send for Catalogue. 
 
 WOOD TURNIN GS, MTRS. 
 
 M. GARRISON, 
 
 M'f'rs of Wood Turnings, 
 
 Hand Sawing and General Jobbing, 
 
 2U0 & 2 2 S. Clinton street, 
 
 Chicago. 
 
« 
 
 #: 
 
 -»*# 
 
 («RflMBUR 5/ 
 
 %, 
 
 BEST AND 
 
 J2 
 
 MOST LUXURIOUS 
 
 na 
 
 ■M«- 
 
 4 
 
 CATALOGUE ON APPLICATION 
 
 gormully & jeffery mfg. co. 
 
 -Madison Street-85 
 
 RIDING SCHOOL ON PREMISES 
 
 INSTRUCTIONS FREE. 
 
 factory: 
 
 North Franklin 
 
 and Pearson Streets, 
 
 Chicago, 
 
 branches: 
 
 New York, 
 Boston, 
 
 Washington. 
 
 I THE 
 RICH LINE 
 STEAMERS 
 
 Ejoodricii Importation Co., 
 
 OFFICE AND DOCKS, Foot Michigan Avenue, Chicago. 
 TWICE DAILY BETWEEN 
 
 CHICAGO AND MILWAUKEE, 
 
 REGULAR TRIPS TO 
 
 CHICAGO, Racine, MILWAUKEE, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Carlton, Kewaunee, 
 
 Ahnapee, Sturgeon Bay, Marinette, Menominee, Green Bay, Escanaba, 
 
 Gladstone, Fayette, Garden Bay, Nahma, Thompson, Manistique, 
 
 Ephraim, Ellison Bay, Sister Bay, FishCreek, Egg Harbor, Ludington, 
 
 Manistee, Pentwater, Frankfort, Grand Haven, Muskegon, Etc. 
 
 The Cheapest and Most Comfortable way to reach all Central and Northern Michigan Points 
 
 is 7>ia these Steamers. 
 The new Fp.st Steel Steamship " Virginia" performs the day service between Chicago and Milwaukee, and 
 night service returning. The new S. S. "Indiana" and Steamer "Chicago," making (he night run from Chicago 
 t<> Milwaukee and the morning run returning. The new Steamships "Atlanta" and "City of Racine," perform- 
 ing the daily service on the Chicago, Grand Haven <£ Muskegon J ine, these with our other elegan' steains-hij-s 
 • Iter to the public some of the most delightful tours to be obtained on any of the great lakes, with a sen in- 
 unequal led. 
 
 Note— The S. S. " VIRGINIA " is the Finest Passenger Steamship carrying the 
 American Flag. ^y= SEND FQR FOLDERS AND CIRCULARS. ^g3 
 
 A. W. GOODRICH, Pres. G. HURSON, Gen. Traffic Manager. 
 
 CHICAGO. MILWAUKEE. 
 
 /. IV. GILLMAN, Superintendent. JOHN SINGLETON^ Gen" I Passenger Agent. 
 
 CHICAGO. CHICAGO. 
 
SWEET, WALLACH & CO. 
 
 The Largest and Best Assorted Stock of 
 
 ptyotcx^rapfyie (Joods 
 
 IN AMERICA. 
 
 We have everything, including 
 
 
 KODAKS AND FILM. 
 
 Developing and Printing done quickly. Price List Free. 
 
 215, 217, 219 & 221 Wabash Av„ Chicago 
 
 ^xp^rt Optieiaps .... 
 
 FIT EYES AT 
 
 38 E. MADISON ST., CHICAGO. 
 
W. C RITCHIE. 
 
 W. E. RITCHIE. 
 
 F. C. SWETT. 
 
 T L. SMEDES 
 
 W. C. RITCHIE & CO., 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 Paper Boxes 
 
 AND 
 
 Paper Cans 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1866. 
 
 Factory: S. W. Cor. Green and Van Buren Streets, 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 In our factory recently built at the corner of Green and Van 
 Buren Streets we have greatly increased our facilities for the manu- 
 facture of everything in our line. 
 
 We make a specialty of High Grades of Small Boxes Used 
 by the Jewelry and Drug Trade, and of Fine Finished and 
 Attractive Boxes for the Better Class of Confectionery 
 Trade. 
 
 We have added to our capacities for turning out our Special- 
 ties in Round Work, such as Paper Cans, Axle Grease Boxes, 
 Mailing Cylinders, etc. 
 
 In the general line of paper boxes, such as Shoe Boxes, Candy 
 Boxes, Neckwear Boxes, Shirt Boxes, Soap Boxes, Millinery 
 Boxes, Suit and Cloak Boxes, etc., we are ready, as we haYe 
 always been, for all comers. We will gladly furnish estimates at 
 lowest prices in any line of paper boxes. 
 
 By our increased room and enlarged capacities we can hold 
 out Special Inducements to Large Consumers, and can guaran- 
 tee that all orders will be executed with promptness. 
 
 TELEPHONE: "WEST "661. 
 
ILLINOIS GENERAL AGENCY 
 
 The !V[utuaI Life Insurance Go. 
 
 -OF- 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 RICHARD A. McCURDY, President 
 
 ROBERT A. GRANNISS, Vice-Pres't 
 
 WALTER R. GILLETTE, Gen'l Manager. 
 
 Cash Assets, - $160,000,000 
 
 CHARLES H. FERGUSON, 
 
 General Agent. 
 TftGOMft BUILDING, GHIGflGO 
 
BOGUE & CO., 
 
 REAL ESTATE flGEN6Y. 
 
 Rooms 203 to 209 Real Estate Board Building, 
 
 59 Dearborn Street, Chicago. 
 
 We have constantly on hand a large list of Business, Residence 
 
 and Manufacturing Property to which we invite the 
 
 careful attention of Parties seeking Homes, 
 
 or Profitable Investments. 
 
 We call special attention to our subdivided properties in New 
 and Thoroughly Improved Sections. 
 
 THE SBHHT LOCOMOTIVE WORKS 
 
 ADDITION TO GHICHGO 
 
 Presents exceptional advantages for profitable investment. 
 This property is situated at the southwest corner of West 
 12th street and Hyman avenue — immediately to the east 
 of the Great Locomotive Works. The property is easily 
 reached by the suburban trains of the Chicago and North- 
 ern Pacific; and street-car lines and Electric Railways are 
 planned, and it is expected will be completed to this 
 property during the early summer of 1892. 
 
E. HUNTINGTON PRATT. EDWARD S. ELY. JACOB C. PRATT. 
 
 Pratt * Ely, 
 
 HEAL ESTATE AGENTS, 
 
 132 La Salle St. 
 
 TELEPHONE, " WAIN 5333." CHICAGO. 
 
 WE take full charge and management of Chicago and 
 adjacent Real Estate. Making sales, rentals, insur- 
 ance, and attending to all details. 
 
 WE make a specialty of carefully answering all questions 
 as to Chicago and suburban Real Estate. 
 
 WE are doing a strictly Commission Business, and make 
 Loans upon all kinds of Real Estate upon conserva- 
 tive valuations. 
 
 WE can always place capital in Safe Loans without 
 expense to the lender. 
 
 WE see that the loans are protected by prompt payment 
 of taxes, and keep the holder of loans made through 
 us, fully informed as to all matters regarding security 
 therefor. 
 
 WE invite you to list with us any property you have for 
 sale or to rent. 
 
 Pratt & Ely, 
 
 real estate agents 
 
 132 La Salle St., CHICAGO. 
 
THE 
 
 CHICAGO 
 
 EVENING 
 
 POST 
 
 Makes the claim that it is the 
 BEST EVENING NEWSPAPER 
 that Chicago ever had. 
 
 It is pre-eminently a newspape:. 
 
 It has the best and fullest telegraph 
 
 service. 
 It prints the most complete and accu- 
 rate Market Reports. 
 Its Society and Woman Gossip is most 
 
 attractive and pleasing. 
 Its Art, Musical and Dramatic features 
 
 are of the highest character. 
 Its Literary and Miscellaneous Matter 
 
 is of the very best. 
 Its Editorials are bright, able and always 
 
 to the point. 
 It is independent in politics, as in everv- 
 
 thing else. 
 Its typographical appearance is excelled 
 
 by no newspaper ON EARTH. 
 
 You can verify all of the above 
 statements by calling a news- 
 boy and buying a copy of The 
 Chicago Evening Post You will 
 then become a regular reader. 
 
 THE CHICAGO EVENING POST CO., 
 
 JAMES W. SCOTT, President, 
 
 164 and 166 Washington Street 
 
Philetis Sawyer, President. James B. Goodman, Secretary. 
 
 Edgak P. Sawyer, Vice-President. Wm. O. Goodman, Treasurer. 
 
 Sawyer-Goodman Co., 
 
 LUMBER MANUFACTURERS '"» DEALERS 
 
 Lumber and Sninoje Mills at Menekaune, Wis. 
 
 MOUTH OF THE MENOMINEE RIVER. 
 
 Wholesale Yards, 500 Lumber Street, 6hicaoo. 
 
 
 The situation of our Chicago Yards enable us to make very PROMPT 
 SHIPMENTS over any road connected with railroad system of Chicago. 
 We desire to call especial attention to SHINGLES of our own manu- 
 facture. The grades are uniformly good, and deservedly enjoy a high 
 reputation. A large proportion of our stock is always in excellent shape 
 for pound shipments. We now have in pile a large and finely assorted 
 stock of DRY LUMBER, which we offer the trade at market rates. 
 We have NO SPECIALTIES, and aim to furnish anything and every v 
 thing usually handled by Lumber Dealers. 
 
 General Office, 107 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
 
 Menominee River Pine Lands and Stumpage For Sale. 
 
THE 
 
 THrouflti Gar Route 
 
 f tajbJK3EBE 
 
 BETWEEN CHICAGO AND PRINCIPAL POINTS IN 
 
 ILLINOIS, IOWA, WISCONSIN, NORTHERN MICHIGAN, MINNE- 
 SOTA, THE DAKOTAS, NEBRASKA, COLORADO, 
 WYOMING, UTAH, IDAHO, NEVADA, 
 OREGON, CALIFORNIA. 
 
 SOLID VESTIBULED TRAINS . . . 
 
 Between Chicago and St. Paul, Minneapolis, Council 
 Bluffs, Omaha, Denver and Portland. 
 
 THROUGH SLEEPING CARS 
 
 Between Chicago and St. Paul, Minneapolis, Duluth. 
 Council Bluffs, Omaha, Sioux City, Denver, Portland 
 and San Francisco. 
 
 FREE RECLINING CHAIR CARS . . 
 
 Between Chicago and Council Bluffs, Omaha, Denver 
 and Portland. 
 
 SUPERB DINING CARS 
 
 Between Chicago and Milwaukee, St. Paul, Minneapo- 
 lis, Council Bluffs, Omaha, Denver, Portland and Cali- 
 fornia Points. 
 
 ALL AGENTS SELL TICKETS VIA . . . 
 
 THE NORTH-WESTERN. 
 
 W. H. NEWMAN, J. M. WHITMAN, W. A. THRALL, 
 
 Third Vice-President. General Manager. Gen. Pass, and Ticket Agent. 
 
 J 
 
Chicag-e, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, 
 
 Electric Lighted and Steam Heated Vesti- 
 buled Trains, with Westinghouse Air Signals 
 between Chicago, St. Paul and Minneapolis, 
 daily. 
 
 Through Parlor Cars on da} r trains between 
 Chicago, St. Paul and Minneapolis. 
 
 Electric Lighted and Steam Heated Vesti- 
 buled trains between Chicago, Council Bluffs 
 and Omaha, daily. 
 
 Through Vestibuled Sleeping Cars, daily, 
 between Chicago, Butte, Tacoma, Seattle and 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 Solid trains between Chicago and principal 
 points in northern Wisconsin and the Penin- 
 sula of Michigan. 
 
 Daily trains between St. Paul, Minneapolis 
 and Kansas City via the Hedrick Route. 
 
 Through Sleeping Cars, daily, between St. 
 Louis, St. Paul and Minneapolis. 
 
 The finest dining cars in the world. 
 
 The best Sleeping Cars. Electric Reading 
 Lamps in Berths. 
 
 0,100 miles of road in Illinois, Wisconsin, 
 northern Michigan, Iowa, Minnesota, Mis- 
 souri, South Dakota and North Dakota. 
 
 Everything first-class. 
 
 First-class people patronize first-class lines. 
 
 Ticket Agents everywhere sell tickets over 
 the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Rail- 
 way. 
 
Remington 
 
 TANDARD 
 
 jp YPEWRITER 
 
 Every improvement that the high- 
 est order of mechanical ability can 
 devise, or capital and business en- 
 terprise obtain, will be incorporated 
 in the REMINGTON. Its future 
 policy, like its past history, will be 
 one of constant progress. 
 
 WYCKOFF, SEAMANS & BENEDICT, 
 
 175 Monroe St., CHICAGO, ILL. 
 
 
 xvi 
 
SEE NEXT PAGE. 
 See also " Whiting, Indiana," under " Outlying Chicago " in this Volume. 
 
TO MANUFACTURERS 
 
 t:e3::e 
 
 STANDARD OIL GOMfWS TOWN 
 
 OP 
 
 WHITINGS, INDIANA 
 
 TWo l/[ile$ Ffom the Ea^tepq Limit? 
 of the difoj of Chicago. 
 
 The undersigned will make unusually liberal terms with manufac- 
 turers at this remarkably favored place. Splendid sites for 
 manufacturing purposes on the banks of Lake Michigan. 
 Three of the leading Eastern lines of railroads from Chi- 
 cago pass through it; and the Chicago & Calumet 
 Terminal Railway connects therewith them. For 
 cheap fuel and railway connection it stands 
 unrivaled. Commands a never-failing sup- 
 ply of water from Lake Michigan. Fine 
 sites on the lines of the four leading 
 railroads for manufacturing pur- 
 poses at and near the rapidly 
 growing town of Whitings. 
 
 TWO SUBDIVISIONS LAID OUT IN LOTS. 
 
 APPLY TO 
 
 JA605 FORSYTH, rnmomv CHICAGO 
 
Plankinton House 
 
 MILWAUKEE. 
 
 He Leading Hotel of tl[e North-West! 
 
 FOUR HUNDRED AND FIFTY 
 
 Large, comfortable rooms, well furnished, hot and cold water, ample bath rooms, 
 FIFTY LARGE SAMPLE ROOMS (for the commercial traveler), COM- 
 FORTABLE COMMUNICATING ROOMS, suitable for families, well 
 lighted and ventilated. Large Reading and Writing Rooms. Telegraph and 
 Long Distance Telephone in the house. Competent Stenographer. 
 
 The country adjacent to Milwaukee is picturesque, and the scenery unsur- 
 passed. Parties desiring to get away from the crush and excitement of the 
 Exposition, would do well to come to Milwaukee, which they can do in two 
 hours, on a smooth road bed and comfortable cars, by twenty trains per day, via 
 the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway and Chicago & North-Western rail- 
 way. Our rates are reasonable, being from $2.50 to $5.00 per day, accord- 
 ing to location of rooms. For particulars apply to 
 
 A. L. CHASE, Manager. 
 
I A. H ARTM AN & CO 
 
 REAL ESTATE AND LOANS, 
 
 Eooms S± r 7 and 5 ±3: 
 
 (OPERA HOUSE BUILDING.) 
 
 WE HAVE TWO SUB-DIVISIONS: 
 
 09<? at J4aru<?y . . . 
 Otr?<?r at Soutr; Jteruey, 
 
 SELLING LOTS FROM $150.00 TO $400.00. 
 
 $25 Cash, Balance $5 Monthly. 
 
 Also, Large List of Improved and Unimproved City Property. Free 
 Tickets to parties desiring to visit property. 
 
MORGAN PARK — 
 
 CHICAGO'S LEADING SUBURB. 
 
 THE LOCATION OF THE PREPARATORY 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF THE CHICAGO UNIVERSITY. 
 
 The Aristocratic Residence and 
 
 Educational Center of the South Side. 
 
 business property near the station and choice 
 
 residence lots in all parts of morgan park. 
 
 ACRES A SPECIALTY . 
 
 Loans Negotiated. Houses Built. 
 
 B. F. GLfVRKE, 
 
 Rooms 409 and 410. 218 La Salle St., CHICAGO. 
 
 S.E.WOOD. JAS.WOOD. E.A.WOOD. R.NASH 
 
 WOOD BROTHERS, ' 
 
 COMMISSION MERCHANTS. 
 
 FOR THE SALE OF ALL KINDS OF 
 
 LIVE STOCK. 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 UNION STOCK YARDS, CHICAGO, ILL. 
 
 Branch House: 
 
 Union Stock Yards. So. Omaha, Nebraska. 
 
 Telephone No. Yards-548. Established 1867. 
 

 Dale & Sempill 
 
 Successors to WM. m. DALE. 
 
 COR. CLARK AND MADISON STS., CHICAGO. 
 
 Manutacturina Chemists, and Fnarmacists. 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 
 
 FINE CHEMICALS, PURE DRUGS. PERFUMERY. 
 
 TOILET REQUISITES, ETC. 
 
 Manufacturers of 
 
 O'Hara's Asthma Remedy, Jeft'ers' Bronchial Cigarettes, Jeffers' French Catarrh Cure, 
 
 Stevens' All-Right Corn Salve, Christison's Diarrhoea Remedy, Dale's Chlorodyne 
 
 Cough Mixture, " Edina " Cologne, Kirkwood's No. 1 Cologne, etc. 
 
 Wholesale Agents for 
 Coutts' Acetic Acid, Foreign Proprietary Medicines, Castalian and Massanetta Waters. 
 
 ALL NOTED MINERAL SPRING WATERS ON DRAUGHT- 
 
 VICTOR COLLIAU, 
 
 MElJMIdAL l%miE\ AflD ARCHITECT 
 
 INVENTOR AND SOLE BUILDER OF THE 
 
 PATENTED HOT BLAST 
 COLLIAU CUPOLA 
 
 And ftutomatic Feed Smokeless Boiler. 
 
 287 JEFFERSON AVENUE 
 
 DETROIT, MICH. 
 
 xxii 
 
UNION NATIONAL BANK 
 
 OF CHICAGO. 
 
 NORTHEAST CORNER LA SALLE AND ADAMS STREETS. 
 
 PAID-UP CAPITAL, $2,000,000 
 
 • ■ • 
 
 SURPLUS, $700 000. 
 
 A REGULAR BANKING BUSINESS TRANSACTED. 
 
 Accounts of Banks and Bankers, Mercantile and Manufacturing Firms or 
 Corporations Received on Favorable Terms. 
 
 FOREIGN EXCHANGE BOUGHT AND SOLD. 
 
 Commercial and Travelers' Credits, Available in Europe and the United 
 
 States, Issued. Telegraphic Transfers Made with All Principal 
 
 European and Domestic Points. 
 
 J. J. P. ODEIJi, President. DAYID KELLEY, Yice-Pres. 
 
 W. O. HIPWELL, Asst. Cashier. AUGUST BLUM, < ashier. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 C R. Cr.\iMiNG% Chicago. 
 
 S. K. Martin, of S. K. Martin Lumber Co. 
 
 Chicago. 
 O. C. Barber, President Diamond Match Co. 
 D. B Dewey, Late Pres., Am. Ex. Nat. Bank. 
 H. N. May, of Corbin, May & Co., Chicago, 
 
 Wholesale Grocers. 
 
 J. H. Barker, of Haskell & Barker Car Co., 
 
 Michigan City, Ind 
 David Kku.hv, of Kelley, Mans & Co., Chi- 
 
 cago, Wholesale Hardware. 
 S. B. Barker, of S. B. Barker & Co., Chicago, 
 
 Lumber. 
 J. J. P. Odell, President. 
 
 Collections on All Accessible Points Carefully Made and Promptly 
 Accounted For on Equitable Terms. 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 
 
UNDER STATE SUPERVISION 
 
 PIILWPKEE BVEjIUE STATE BJIjIK 
 
 Successor io PAUL 0. ST ENS LAND & CO., 
 
 DOES A GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS. 
 
 Solicits the accounts of Merchants, Manufacturers and Trades- 
 men. Receives Savings Deposits and pays 4 per cent, interest, 
 compounded quarterly. Sells Drafts and Money Orders on 
 Europe at lowest rates. Loans Money on Improved Chicago 
 Real Estate. 
 
 SAFE INVESTMENTS 
 
 For the convenience of Investors this Bank carries at all 
 times from $200,000 to $300,000 in 
 
 Choice Mortgages 
 
 on Improved Chicago Real Estate, which it offers for sale 
 at par and accrued interest. These loans are made from 
 the funds of the Bank on conservative valuations, after 
 careful investigation of titles and the collection of interest; 
 renewal of insurance policies and payment of taxes (if neglected 
 hy owner) are attended to by the bank during life of loans 
 
 FREE OF CHARGE. 
 
 Milwaukee frv9J)U<{ §tat<^ Ba^K- 
 
 CHICAGO, 
 
 Connected with the Bank and accessible through the Banking rooms only are 
 the Fire and Burglar Proof Vaults of the 
 
 MILWAUKEE AVENUE SAFE, DE.P0SIT COMPANY, 
 
 where private boxes for safekeeping of documents and other valuables are 
 rented at moderate rates. 
 
 
 Paul O. Stensland. 
 
 Andrew C. Lausten. 
 
 Chas. E. Schlytern. 
 
 PRESIDEfsT. 
 
 Vice-President. 
 xxiv 
 
 Cashier. 
 
BANKERS. 
 
 116 and 118 La Salle Street, - Chicago. 
 
 make loans on improved chicago real estate a specialty. 
 a general banking business transacted. 
 
 investment securities, bonds, etc., for sale. 
 
 Issue Drafts on all parts of Europe and Letters of Credit. 
 
 f.h.white, Telephone 681 . geo. c. white, jr , 
 
 Pres'T. Secy and Treas. 
 
 PHENIX LUMBER CO., 
 HARDWOOD LUMBER 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. 
 
 Office, Dock and Yard: North Canal St., Foot of Seventeenth St. 
 
 Office, Dock and Yard: South Canal St., First Ave. and East St.. 
 Pine in Car Load Lots. MILWAUKEE, WIS. 
 
EGGLESTON, MALLETTE I BROWNELL, 
 REAL ESTflTEZIMORTGflGE bftNKERS. 
 
 OWNERS OF EGGLESTON AND AUBURN PARK REALTY. 
 
 Choice Suburban Property a Specialty. 
 
 -ALSO- 
 
 STREET CONTRACTORS. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 
 
 CRUSHED STONE, CONCRETE STONE, Etc. 
 
 Particular attention given to building- Macadam Roads, Drives and Boulevards. 
 Will take the entire contract for Platting- and Putting in all Improve- 
 ments in New Subdivisions. 
 
 Offices: Room 207, Tacoma Building. Telephone 44. 
 
 Room 600, Royal Insurance Building. Telephone 1 602, 
 
 A STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS 
 
 European Hotel 
 
 CUISINE UNSURPASSED. 
 
 LOCATION UNEQUALLED. 
 
 
 At the head of the Grand Boulevard system, and still within six blocks of the 
 
 Custom House, Post Office, Board of Trade, Wholesale 
 
 and Retail Centers. 
 
 GAGE HOTEL COMPANY 
 
 ALBERT S. GAGE, Pres. PROPRIETORS. 
 
 Wabash Ave., Cor. Jackson, Chicago. 
 
PIONEER BUGGY COMPANY, 
 
 COLUMBUS, OHIO. 
 
 "GOOD" Ql I f\ f\ U $55.00 
 
 BETTER' Si IIIIY 65-00 
 "BEST" L/UV/U/ 75.00 
 
 ™ PHAETON !s 
 
 S85.00 
 OO 
 OO 
 
 GUARANTEED THOROUGHLY IN EVERY PARTICULAR. 
 CATALOGUE FREE. 
 
 We will ship any style to any address, subject to examination before paying. 
 To be returned to us at our expense if not satisfactory. 
 
 Our "Best" Buggy is not a cheap Buggy, but is a first-class, thoroughly reliable vehicle 
 at an extremely low wholesale price. 
 
 Our Warranty goes with every one of them, which is .good for one year from date of 
 purchase. It is trimmed with either 20 ounce Indigo Dyed Cloth, (All Wool,) or Fancy 
 Leather. If pole is wanted, add $6 50 to the above price. You take no risk in sending us 
 your order, as Ave have enough confidence in this Buggy to ship it subject to your 
 approval. Don't write to ask if we will sell three or four at a reduction. There is no 
 reduction of any kind to be made from the above price, no matter how large the quantity 
 In ordering, be particular to state whether you wish the End Spring or the Brewster 
 Spring; and whether you wish the Wide or Narrow Track; or Cloth or Leather Trimmings 
 We paint gears green, carmine yellow or black, as preferred. 
 
 PIONEER BUGGY CO., 
 
 COLUMBUS, OHIO, U. S. A. 
 
 CAPACITY 100 FINISHED VEHICLES DAILY. 
 
 xxvii 
 
THE 
 
 STANDARD GUIDE 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 ■vt'OrijID's pair EDirricasr. 
 
 TO BE ISSUED 
 
 ' JANUARY, 1893== 
 
 REVISED AND COKRECTED UP TO 
 
 the: exposition year. 
 
 This will be the HANDSOMEST BOOK ever published in Chicago, 
 
 and the GREATEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM 
 
 ON EARTH. 
 
 ^ZD^TEIRTISinSTG- BATES. 
 
 In Body of Book, per page $500. OO 
 
 In Front of Book, per page 300.00 
 
 In Back of Book, per page 200.00 
 
 CONTRACTS FOR POSITION SHOT LD BE 
 MADE WITHOUT DELAY. 
 
 THE STAN DARD~GU IDE COMPANY, 
 
 358 DEARBORN ST., CHICAGO, U. S. A. 
 
 xxvi n 
 
Andrews' " Gem" Fo lding Bed. 
 
 THE ONLY BED MADE WITH 
 Special Provision for No Bugs. I £S8gSili D6SJ£I1S 
 
 Ve cielnfng and *«"*■ Moderate Prices. 
 
 Easy Moving. I No Breakage. I Occupies Small Space. 
 
 OPKN FOR DUSTING. NO. 1. 
 
 ADVANTAGES OVER ANY AND ALL 
 OTHERS. 
 
 i. Any lady or child can easily open it, as 
 represented in cut i, for cleaning. 
 
 2. Or they can take it apart for moving-. 
 
 3. While its length when opened is 
 greater than any other bed, when closed 
 its height is 8 inches less. 
 
 4. It is the best ventilated of all Folding 
 Beds. 
 
 5. It has in its base a very large box 
 extremely useful night or day. 
 
 6. It is fitted with our adjustable cable 
 spring, unequaled for comfort^ simplicity 
 and durability. 
 
 We are Sole Manufacturers and Guar- 
 antee Satisfaction. 
 
 Made in Birch, Oak, Walnut or Mahog- 
 any. See samples and get our catalogue. 
 We also manufacture fine 
 
 Bank Fittings. 
 Commercial Furniture. 
 Office Desks. 
 Fine Brass and Wire Work. 
 
 School Furniture 
 
 Office Chairs, Desks, Etc. 
 
 Etc, Etc 
 
 Church Chairs 
 
 Largest Variety, 
 
 Plain or Upholstered. 
 
 $50,000.00 worth like cut 
 
 furnished 
 
 CHICACO AUDITORIUM. 
 
 Pulpits. Pulpit Chairs, &c. 
 
 A. H.Andrews & Co. 
 
 215 Wabash Ave., Chicago. 
 
WEAK, NERVOUS, OR IN PAIN 
 
 From some long-standing- ailment, or feel that your constitution, (nervous system) is fail- 
 ing, or that some fafflictioa has taken, or is taking, permanent hold of you, which you 
 have been and are still, unable to throw off or control, whether in the first or last stage— 
 REMEMBER THAT DR. GREGG'S ELECTRIC BELT AND APPLIANCES AND SYS- 
 TEM OE HOME TREATMENT WILL CURE YOU. 
 
 No medical or other mode of Electric Treatment <^an at all compare with them. 
 Thousands of women who suffered for y. ars with complaints peculiar to sex, have been 
 com pletely and permanently restored to health . No fewer men have also been cured. 
 
 Electric Treatment for diseasessuggested, properly applied, is perfect aDd has no good 
 substitute. The Gregg Electric Belt and appliances are the only ones in existence that 
 supply a perfect mode of application. 
 
 The Gregg E ectrio Foot Warmer, price $1.00, keeps the feet warm and dry and is the 
 only genuine Electric Insole. 
 
 People who have paid their money and been cured can tell you what has been done for 
 them In a way that will convince you. Complete catalogue of testimonials, prices, etc., 
 6c. Circular free. Address— THE GREGG ELECTRIC CURE CO., Suite {01 Inter 
 Ocean Bldg., Chicago, 111. 
 
 J. A. & S. G. HAIR, 
 
 REAL ESTATE AND LOAN 
 
 BROKERS. 
 
 REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS, CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF 
 PROPERTY. 99 YEAR LEASES NEGOTIATED. 
 
 WEST SIDE, SOUTH SIDE AND CENTRAL BUSI- 
 NESS PROPERTY A SPECIALTY. 
 
 Room 408, Chamber of Commerce, S. E. Cor. La Salle and Washington Sts. 
 
lflt:KbU():m)USfc, 
 
 900 J\lortl7 §larK Street. 
 
 BUILT OF MATERIAL TAKEN FROM THE CHICAGO FIRE. 
 
 THE ONLY INTERESTING RELIC REMAINING OF THE 
 FATAL OCTOBER 9TH, 1871. 
 
 REFRESHMENTS OF ALL KINDS SERVED BY POLITE WAITERS, ETC, ETC, 
 
 WM. LINDEMANN, PROP. 
 
 SEE ILLUSTRATION IN BODY OF BOOK. 
 
 Light Gray Iron Castings, 
 
 For all Purposes Manufactured by 
 
 KURTZ BROS. & BUHRER, 
 
 832, 834, 836, 838 and 840 Austin Avenue, CHICAGO. 
 
 JAPANNING, 
 
 
 ESTABLISHED IN 1869. 
 
 GALVANIZING, 
 LIGHT MACHINE WORK 
 
 and METAL PATTERNS 
 TO ORDER. 
 
 To reach Factory, take C. & X. 
 W. R. R./C. M. & St 1*. K. R., C. 
 P. & St. L. R. R., Luke Street 
 Elevated R. R., or Lake, Randolph 
 and Indiana Street Cars, to Oakley 
 Avenue . 
 
ESTABLISHED 1863 
 
 €td . -±ds €zed€<i4e4, & ^JJ<? 
 
 ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS. 
 
 WE CONTRACT FOR COMPLETE PLANTS 
 
 Breweries, Malt Houses, Distilleries and 
 Elevators 
 
 -A. SPECIALTY.- 
 
 303-311 S. CANAL STREET, CHICAGO, IIX. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN 
 
 ENGINES. BOILERS, STEAM AND AIR PUMP HEATERS. 
 
 A Full Line of Power Transmitting Machinery. 
 
 General and Special Machinery Built and Designed to Order. 
 
 ANSON L HOPKINS, Pres't and Gen'l Man. B, E. SUNNY, Vice Pres't. J- L SANBORN, Sec'y and Trea s 
 
 The HeitfiJ Dibblee Company, 
 
 DESIGNERS, IMPORTERS, and MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 ENGLISH GERAMIG MOSAICS, MANTELS, GRATES, AND TILES. 
 
 Fine Special Furniture and Interior Work. 
 
 SALESROOMS, AND FACTORY 149 AND 150 MICHIGAN AVENUE, 
 
 Formerly, 266 and 268 Wabash Ave., CHICAGO. 
 
THE GUIDE. G25 
 
 and ordinary frogs, crossings, split switches, combination slip switches also Alkins 
 Forged Steel Rail Braces, Jenne Track Jacks, Union Track Drills, Perfection Track 
 Drills, Roller Rail Benders, and Union Counterbalance Hoists for ore docks. 
 
 All frogs, crossings, and switches are worked cold. All parts of the various appli- 
 ances turned out are L made to templet; are interchangeable, and are manufactured by 
 special machinery. 
 
 The Union Counterbalance Hoists for ore docks are the latest improved appliances 
 for raising chutes on ore docks. This hoist has been placed on three large docks in the 
 West. The specialties manufactured, such as the Jenne Track Jack, the Roller Rai 
 Bender, the Union and Perfection Trac<s Drills, and the Alkins Forged Steel RailBrace^ 
 are u 5 ed on nearly every railroad in the United States and many foreign roads. The 
 Jenne Track Jack was the first friction track jack put on the market. 
 
 Warner Brothers, Corset Manufacturers— Located at 203 and 205 Jackson street, J. 
 A. Miner, manager. Factory located at Bridgeport, Conn. The largest corset manu- 
 factory in the world; a frontage of 850 feet; height, four stories; capacity, 850 dozen 
 corsets a day. The celebrated Coraline Corset made in twenty-four styles to fit any 
 furm— short, medium or long waist— ranging in price from $lto $5 each. They 
 manufacture corsets ranging in price from $3.50 to $36 per dozen. 
 
 M. A.Richardson, Jr., & Co.— This firm was founded by M. A. Richardson, Sr., who 
 has been engaged in the manufacturing and jobbing business in Chicago since 1870. 
 They were located on East Lake street for a number of years; but, finding it difficult to 
 obtain room for their rapidly-growing business on the overcrowded South Side, and 
 recognizing the fact that the business center of Chicago must move Avestward, they 
 went over to the West Side in 1890 and purchased the corner on West Washington boul- 
 evard and Curtis street, where they erected a large six-story building adapted to the 
 manufacture of tinware and other goods in their line, and where they also do a large 
 jobbing business in japanned, silver-plated ware, clocks, cutlery and all kinds of 
 kitchen utensils, novelties, etc., etc. This location is convenient to all freight depots and 
 is easily reached by business men visiting the city, as the Madison fetrcet cable cars 
 run one block to the south and the Randolph street horse cars one block to the south, 
 while the Lake street elevated road, when completed, will run Avithin two blocks on 
 the north. 
 
 Visitors should get off the cars at Curtis street, when they will have no trouble to 
 find their place . 
 
 M. A. Richardson, Jr., and B. H. Chamberlin, the more active members of the 
 firm, claim that with their present facilities for handling freight and manufacturing 
 with no rent to pay, that they can meet any competition, quantity and quality con . 
 sidered . 
 
 This section of Chicago must soon be given up to business, as manufacturers arc 
 buying up ail available property, and many large factories, wholesale and retail houses 
 are now in course of erection. Anyone contemplating building a factory, wholesale 
 house, or any other institution for traffic, should not fail to look over this locality, as it 
 is sure to be in the center of the business district of the great metropolis in a short 
 time. 
 
 The Chicago Rawhide Manufacturing Co mpany.— Established in 1878, and was incor- 
 porated in March following. Its business is the manufacture of rawhide belting, lace- 
 leather, rope and other rawhide goods of all kinds. The process by which it manu- 
 factures its leather is known as the KRUEGER patent, of which the company is the 
 sole owner. They also control a large number of other patents, necessary to the 
 busine s. The company first commenced the manufacture of its goods at 38 and 4n 
 West Monroe Street. Their goods immediately found favor in the market, and in a 
 
626 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 short time the business outgrew the space occupied at the above location. In Novem. 
 ber, 1882, it removed to its present location, 75 and 77 East Ohio Street, into a building 
 50x100 feet, five stories, prepared especially for their use. Two years ago an addition 
 of two stories was made to the building. They now employ a large number of work- 
 men, and business is constantly on the increase. All goods manufactured are of the 
 best quality, and their reputation is known a 1 over the world. Their trade covers the 
 whole country, as well as many foreign countries. They have recently added the 
 manufacture of rawhide hydraulic packing to their already extensive line of manu- 
 facture , and have been for many years making rawhide pinion and gears, that for 
 results are unequaled by anything in the market. These pinions are noiseless, aud 
 wear better than steel. In the manufacture of their goods, nothing but the best 
 native hides are used, and very great care is taken to produce the best goods that can 
 be made. The present officers of the company are W. H. Emery, president; W. H. 
 Preble, secretary and treasurer, and A. B. Spurling, vice-president. These gentlemen 
 are all well known of business ability, and thoroughly undei stand their business. 
 The company has the reputation of square and honest dealings in all respects, and 
 caji be relied upon as being one of our best business houses. 
 
 Sweet, Wallach A Co., located 215 and 2il Wabash avenue, dealers in Photographic 
 Supplies. Business conducted originally in the name of Chas. W. Stevens & Co. estab- 
 lished 1865. In January, 1886, the present firm assumed control of the business, and 
 under the present management has grown to be the leading house in America in its line. 
 
 Vierling, McDowell & Co., Iron Works, located at Twenty-third Street and Stewart 
 avenue, on the lines of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago and Western Indiana 
 Railroads. 
 
 Works cover about two acres of ground. Have substantal buildings for foundry, 
 pattern, erecting shops and office. Over two hundred bands employed, and handle 
 annually over twenty thousand tons of pig iron, rolled beams, etc. Take State street 
 or Archer avenue car, or Ft. Wayne train at Union depot or Western Indiana Railroad 
 at Dearborn station . 
 
 Robert Vierling, President; Louis Vierling, Secretary and Treasurer; and Alfred 
 Grossmith, Superintendent. 
 
 A. H. Andrews & Company.— Located at 2J 5-221 Wabash ave., in the heart of the 
 business center. One of the largest commercial outfitting establishments in the world. 
 Also the leading school furnishing house of Chicago. Here may be seen every possi- 
 ble design in commercial office fixtures of the better class in desks and in furnishings. 
 The show rooms of the house are elegantly arranged. The designs in desks are in 
 many cases novel as well as beautiful. This firm has furnished the fittings for some of 
 the leading banking rooms of the city. The beautiful interior of the Union National 
 Bank was designed and executed by A. H. Andrews & Co. They will furnish the 
 bank fittings of the Chemical Bank of Chicago on the World's Fair grounds, which is 
 to be located in the Administration building. It is to be the most elegantly furnished 
 bank in America. Aside f iom desks and outfitting departments of this establishment, 
 here are also to be found Andrew's celebrated folding-beds, the most popular in 
 America. The stranger is advised, by all means, to visit A. H. Andrews & Company's 
 house before leaving the city. 
 
 Geo. B. Carpenter & Co.— Location, 202 and 208 S. Water st. The business of 
 this house was established by George A. Robb, in 1840, only three years after the 
 incorporation of Chicago as a city. In 1845 Mr. Payson was admitted to the firm, 
 and the name was changed to Payson & Robb. Mr. Payson retired in 1850, when 
 Mr. Gilbert Hubbard entered the firm, the style of which was then made Hub- 
 bard & Robb. After the death of Mr. Robb in 1857, George B. Carpenter became 
 
THE GUIDE. 627 
 
 a partner in the firm; Gilbert Hubbard & Co. succeeded, and during- twenty-four 
 years, to the time of Mr. Hubbard's death in 1881, the house advanced to its 
 present position in the trade, and the name became a familiar one throughout the 
 West. In January, 1882, following the death of Mr. Hubbard, the business passed into 
 the hands of the present firm, who had been his associate for a quarter of a century, 
 and Geo. B. Carpenter & Co. have since cared for the trade upon the same principles 
 as characterized the management of the old house. From 1859, until the great fire of 
 1871, the concern occupied the large iron front building at No. 205 and 207 South Water 
 street, immediately opposite their present location. That was burned to the ground 
 on the night of October 9th of that memorable year, but before the ruins were cold a 
 tent was set up, and Gilbert Hubbard & Co. resumed business. Of course the great fire 
 of 1871 played havoc with Geo. B. Carpenter &Co., as it did with so many of Chicago's 
 bus.ness men. After dwelling in a tent a short time the business occupied an old grain 
 warehouse on Market street until 1875, when it moved to its present ample quarters; 
 but, owing to the increase in their business, these quarters we e found to be insuf- 
 ficient, so much so that, in 1887, they erected their present Avarehouse, a six-story 
 structure with a capacity of two hundred car loads. A short description' of the store— 
 they call it a sample room as well as a warehouse— would no doubt be interesting. In 
 the basement is a rigging room as Avell as an endless stock of wire rope, cordage, 
 waste, naval supplies, etc. On the main floor, besides counting and salesrooms, there 
 are cordage and ship chandlery sundries. The second floor contains the office and 
 rubber goods, canvas and twines. The third floor, known as the machine room, con- 
 tains over forty of the latest machines for sewing canvas. The fifth floor is the sail 
 Loft, where besides sails, the heavier canvas goods are made into various articl s. In 
 the warehouse the basement and main floors are used for cordage, the second for 
 canvas, the third for twines, etc., and the fifth for lumbermen's tools. This is a brief 
 history of the house. From small beginnings it has reached its present magnitude, 
 and is constantly winning respects as well as growing in size and strength. The 
 public is always interested in knowing something about the men who are back of a 
 great business, and who make it " go." And how accurately the business reflects the 
 character of the men who arc behind it— reputable business, honorable men. 
 
 Charles Kcestner & Co.— Established 1863; general machinists, founders, mill fur- 
 nishers. Office of works, 303 and 311 South Canal street, West Side. Department A — 
 the manufacturing of special machinery for breweries, malt houses, elevators, distil- 
 leries, starch and glucose works. Department B— the building of general and special 
 machinery fen- arranging designs. Department C— grinding mills and pulverizers, for 
 wet and dry grinding and pulverizing of any materials. Department D— painting, 
 grinding and mixing of colors, makers of machinery and equipments. Department 
 E— designing of and erecting, manufacturing buildings. Their new works will be 
 located at 251 to 257 South Jefferson street and 34 to 54 Law avenue. This building- 
 will be six stories and a basement and have a floor area of thirty-six thousand tquare 
 feet. The works will contain freight and passenger elevators and will be heated by 
 steam and lighted by electricity. The power plant Avill be the most modern. These 
 ncAv Avorks of Charles Kcestner & Co. Avill be deserving of a visit from the stranger. 
 
 Jenkins, Kreer and Compa /<//.— One of the most Avidely and favorably knoAvn houses 
 in among the dry-goods, commission merchants and manufacturer's agents in this 
 market. From the formation of the house in 1580 its standing has been that of one of 
 the most successful of its kind in the West. Originally the house Avas established as 
 Clapp, Jenkins & Co., which continued as the firm title until 1885, Avhen Mr. Kreer 
 entered the firm and the name Avas changed to Jenkins, Kreer & Co. Four years later Mr. 
 DoAvns Avas admitted as a partner. The Chicago Dry GooSs Reporter and Wholesaler 
 
628 
 
 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 speaking of this firm, says: The extensive experience of these gentlemen will be 
 observed by the fact that all three have 1 een connected with the dry goods businessin 
 Chicago for upward of twenty years. Messrs. Kreer and Downs in the selling depart- 
 ment and Mr. Jenkins in the financial department of the trade . Thus the combination 
 is peculiarly fitted for the successful management of manufacturer's goods and the 
 careful distribution of the same. Mr. Kreer, formerly many years in the dress goods de- 
 partment of Marshall Field & Co., in his efficient familiarity with goods, spends much of 
 his time with the Eastern finishers and manufacturers whose goods this house represents. 
 It is a recognized fact that no commission house East or West represents a larger or 
 finer line of cotton buntings, light sheetings and cheese cloths than is shown by this 
 house. In this department 1 here are upwards of seventy different brands, and at all 
 times they aim to carry a full line in Chicago for the purpose of immediate delivery. 
 They also have numerous other cotton goods, and particularly goods made by the 
 Valley Falls Company of Rhode Island, being the sole representatives of the Oakwood 
 staple ginghams, which are now so well known to the trade. Their market is more 
 extensive than would appear at first sight, reaching Indianapolis, Cincinnati, 
 Knoxville, Louisville and the jobbing markets West and Northwest in addition to the 
 Chicago market, which, in itself, is very large. It is unnecessary for the Reporter to 
 testify to the high esteem in which this house is held by the trade at large, or to their 
 unimpeached record for business integrity. They have had an abiding faith in Chi- 
 cago, not only as a distributing point, but as the future home of a large constituency 
 of selling agents and direct representatives of mills. That their judgment has been 
 correct is amply evidenced by the large number of great Eastern concerns that are 
 now looking in the direction of Chicago. And when this market has attained its true 
 greatness and dignity, no small portion of the credit will be due to such houses as that 
 which forms the subject of this sketch . 
 
 W. C. Ritchie & Company.— Among the industries of Chicago which have grown 
 with the growth of the city, that of paper-box making is specially worthy of notice; 
 W. C. Ritchie & Company being the most successful in that line. This firm is the suc- 
 cessor of Ritchie <Sc Duck, which was formed September 1, 1866, with a capital of only 
 $1,600, and sales for first year of $10,000. Immediatelj r after the fire of 1871 they erected 
 a temporary building at 413 W. Van Buren and in October, 1872 they removed to 154 and 
 155 Michigan avenue, occupying two and one-half floors, 40 by 150. By purchasing the 
 property and adding two stories to the building, they managed to take care of their 
 growing trade till the end of the year 1891, when they moved into their present quar- 
 ters, built expressly for their business, at the southwest corner of Van Buren and 
 Green streets, and owned by the senior member of the firm. A cut of the building is 
 shown on another page. This establishment is undoubtedly the most complete of its 
 kind in the United States, and has 75,000 square feet of floor space, fully equipped with 
 all the improved machinery in their line, including a machine-shop for repairs. As the 
 rent received from the stores and two stories not yet needed by them pays a fair inter- 
 est on the investment, they are enabled to manufacture their goods with the least 
 possible expense, and their aim is, by low prices, to increase their business so that in a 
 few years they will need the whole building. Their success shows them to be wide- 
 awake Chicago men. 
 
 Charles McDonald's News Store.— Located at 55 Washington street. This is one of 
 the most popular resorts for lovers of current literature and books of the latest issue 
 Mr. McDonald's establishment is familiar to nearly every Chicagoan. Latest publica- 
 tions of every description may be found here. These include foreign as well as home 
 publications. Mr. McDonald's faculty for collecting popular works of fiction is well 
 known. One may feel reasonably certain at all times to find the very latest in roman- 
 
THE GUIDE. 629 
 
 ces on his tables. The stranger is particularly directed to this establishment. Publi- 
 cations not in stock will be ordered and furnished without delay. Mr. McDonald, who 
 is of Scotch parentage, is still a young man, being not yet thirty-one years of age. 
 He is a native Chicagoan and was born in the North Division of the city in the year 
 1859. He began his business career in April, 1873, in one of the first great buildings 
 erected after the fire of '71. 
 
 Cliarles Curry. —Reference is made in the body of this guide to the news stand con- 
 ducted by Charles Curry. The stranger will find here everything .n the nature of first- 
 class current literature, w< rks of fiction, guide books, the illustrated weeklies, etc., 
 that he may want. Mr. Curry's place on Madison street, near Fifth avenue, as well as 
 his magnificent st^re in the Central Music Hall building, are well patronized 
 
 Douglas Instantaneous Water Heater.— A most convenient and essential device for 
 the household manufactured by the Instantaneous Water Heating Company, 141 
 and 143 Ontario street. 
 
 The value of an apparatus that will heat water instantly any minute of the day or 
 night, and in unlimited quanities, cannot be overestimated when the convenience, and 
 so often the necessity, of getting hot water instantly is considered. So often must the 
 bath be neglected owing to the scarcity of hot water. Even where there is a kitchen 
 boiler the limited supply is an every-day occurrence ; it is either, there has been no 
 fire in the raL ge, or some one before you has used all the hot water. The Douglas 
 Water Heater has been in use in other countries for a number of years, Avhile its intro- 
 duction in the United States was in 1886, s'nce which time the Heater has 
 met with a good and increasing demand. The Douglas Heater can be used any place 
 where gas and water can be obtained, and c in be set at the foot of bath tub, or on 
 a shelf in the most convenient place for it. The construction of this apparatus is 
 such that makes it most durable and safe. It requires only ordinary care when using, 
 and Jif directions are carried out the Heater will last an average life-time. The 
 operation is most simple and economical. The water passes up through a copper coil 
 to the top of the Heater, then sprays over a copper cylinder, which is heated by an 
 atmospheric burner. The water heats as it passes through, and comes out as pure as 
 when it enters. The temperature can be regulated by the quantity passing through, 
 and as the consumption of gas is only while the Heater is in use, it can be seen that it is 
 most economical. Parties building will find it to their advantage to specify for this 
 Heater. It is a convenience that should not be overlooked, and one that tenants highly 
 appreciate. 
 
 Electro-Ozone Machine, The— Electricity has for many years been recognized as an 
 important therapeutic agent. There only was wanting the suitable means for apply- 
 ing it, and just as the dynamo and the motor have made electric light and electric 
 power great practical realities, so the practical realization of the benefits of electricity 
 as a remedial agent by all the sick and suffering has been lately accomplished by the 
 introduction of a machine, which marks a new era in modern electric therapeutics. 
 The Electro-Ozone Machine, used by Dr. Howe and his staff at their offices, 336, 
 328 and 330, No. 96 State street, is a modification of the Wimshurst electric machine. 
 It differs from the latter in the fact that it is so constructed that no shock attends its 
 use, and the amount of electricity is limited within safe bounds. The electricity is 
 generated by four revolving disks, each pair revolving in an opposite direction and 
 thus overcoming the shock. It is the static or influence electricity. 
 
 The disks are enclosed in a case of glass holding a considerable quantity of air and 
 perfectly air tight. The demand of the human body is for positive electricity to aid 
 the vitality in overcoming disease. This demand is satisfied by the first part of the 
 treatment here administered. A platform, seated, and insulated by hard rubber pillars 
 is connected with the machine. When charged, everyone upon it is to a similar extent 
 
030 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 charged with the electricity. The attendant treats local pains, the spine, the muscles, 
 cords and tendons, by passing- a negatively charged metallic ball over the effected places, 
 producing soothing relief forthwith. The molecules are turned over and over and vital- 
 ize d, and their healthful condition invigorated. This influence is very effective in neu- 
 ralgia, rheumatism and pain, no matter how severe or where located. It is also the 
 proper treatment for paralysis or loss of tone or power in any organ, and is the only 
 cure for mental or nervous exhaustion, weakness or prostration. It relieves contracted 
 muscles, cords or tendons, and is therefore most effective in spinal curvature and 
 deformity. A most important department of diseases, namely those of the respira- 
 tory organs, are reached in a new and thorough manner not yet equalled by the "Appli, 
 Gator," an ingeniously constructed apparatus used for the purpose of applying reme- 
 dies direct to the diseased surfaces of the air passages. 
 
 This process of administering rem' dial agents, and the machinery used are pro- 
 tected by four letters patent in the United States, dated August 13, Aug. 27, 1889; 
 March 1st, June 17, 1800. The medical director of the institution is O. Baxter Howe, A. 
 M., M. D. He is we 1 known here, having been a busy and most successful physician 
 in this city for the past fourteen years. He has taken a foremost place by his skill 
 and ability, particularly in the matter of respiratory diseases, which he has made the 
 special study of his life. He has always been a very popular physician. 
 
 Greiig Electric Cure Company —Located 501 Inter Ocean Building. Dr. Gregg's 
 electric appliances for home treatment have been repeatedly proved the most 
 effective agent for the cure of obesity, or surplus flesh, through excessive action 
 of the secretory glands of the Stomach. General debility, or suppressed develop- 
 ment, through the failing action of the secretory glands. Female weakness, 
 or physical derangement, through the failing action of the nervous system. 
 Rheumatism and lumbago, or uric pois r n, through failing action of the Kid- 
 neys. Enuresis, (bed wetting) or Incontinency of urine, through partial Mus- 
 cular paralysis and excessive kidney action. Impotency, or lost vitality, through 
 relaxation of secretory glands of the genital organs. Neurasthenia, or abuse of 
 nature's laws, through shattered nerves and excessive demands. Chronic synovitis, 
 (white swelling) or excessive synovial secretions, through shock or injury to the 
 nerves controlling those grands. The vise of electricity for curing diseases has been 
 struggling for recognition and position for forty years and more. The last five years 
 has witnessed great progress. Its curative qualities were recognized long ago, but its 
 mediums of application, whi e in many instances highly marked by evidences of 
 ingenuity and skill, were always found to lack essential points, preventing the patient 
 from entering into perfect accord with the energy of the current and therebj r falling 
 short of perfect results. Perfect electrolytic actidn is the end sought, and that end 
 has been attained by means of Prof. W. W. Gregg's electrolytic specialties. The 
 secret of the groat success of Dr. Gregg's electric specialties, in healing otherwise 
 incurable cases, is to so apply a prolonged, unbroken electrolyic action to the dis ased 
 part or p rts, as to actually compel the disease to let go Faultless in construction— 
 the outcome of 20 years experience— the extract the very essence of electric virtue 
 and unerringly supply an irresistible home cure, always ready for instant private use, 
 and attested by thousands to yield permanency of relief, utterly unattainable by 
 medicine or other mode of electric treatment. Contact with the body is harmless and 
 agreeable and under its influence obesity melts like snow in summer. Dropsy shrinks 
 like a drying sponge. Protracted nervousness, drunkenness, paralysis and dyspepsia, 
 habitual constipation, aggravated effects of- abuses and all kinds of rheumatism; 
 chronic diseases of the joints, skin, kidneys, urinal and sexual organs; aches and 
 pains, literally vanish as if by magic— leaving the sufferer forever freed from the 
 shackles of affliction. No disease growing out of a defective, disordered or wrecked 
 
THE GUIDE. 631 
 
 nervous system can possibly withstand them, and wherever Uncle Sam's mail finds 
 sick people of either sex, there is absolutely no drawback to their complete success at 
 small cost. 
 
 Northern Assurance Company of London.— One of the most substantial of Eng- 
 land's financial institutions is the Northern Assurance Company of London, which is 
 transacting- a general fire insurance business in this country and Canada, as well as 
 throughout the world. This sterling company was organized in 1836, at Aberdeen, 
 Scotland, and its management soon found it necessary to have headquarters main- 
 tained in London, as well, to properly manage the large business it rapidly acquired 
 through its various sub-offices. Since it was founded it has paid to its policy holders 
 in losses the enormous sum of over $3 >,C00,000, one-fifth of which sum has been paid to 
 claimants in the United States. It has accumulated funds for the security of its fire 
 policies of over $8,000,000, Avith liabilities of less than $3,030,000, leaving a surplus 
 exceeding $5,000,000. Its reputation for pi-ompt and equitable settlements is thoroughly 
 established, and with honest claimants it has never been known to quible or introduce 
 technicalities. Bankers and mortgagees readily accept its policies for as large insur- 
 ance as the company is willing to grant, and not a few of the most conservative insist 
 upon its policies in transactions in which they have the naming of the insurance com- 
 panies. For the convenience of its patrons in the United States it has established 
 agencies in all the cities and towns, with managing departments in the principal cities. 
 The company, appreciating the importance of Chicago as a commercial center, has 
 established here, not only a general office for the transaction of its large business 
 throughout the Northwestern States and Territories,buta local office as well,so that its 
 patrons in Chicago may deal direct with the company. All losses in these offices are 
 paid, without reference, by check on their Chicago bankers/The Northwestern Depart- 
 ment is located at 226 La Salle street, and is under the management of Wra. D. Crooke. 
 The local office for city and suburban business is at 153 La Salle street, in charge of 
 Charles Nelson Bishop, as city manager. The insuring public can have no better 
 security than a policy in the reliable "Northern of London." 
 
 New York Mutual Life Insurance Company, Illinois General A gency.- Elsewhere is 
 presented in this volume an engraving of the interior of the counting room of Charles 
 H. Ferguson, general agent of the New York Mutual Life Insurance Company for the 
 State of Illinois. The offices are located in the famous Tacoma building, Madison and 
 and La Salle sts., and are among the finest in the city. Mr. Ferguson has made life 
 insurance a study during the greater part of his life. With him it is a science, and his 
 knowledge of its cardinal principals and details gives him rank among the leading life 
 insurance agents of the world. He was appointed general agent of the State of Illinois 
 in June, 1877, after proving to the satisfaction of President McCurdy and the directors 
 of the New York Mutual that he was qualified for one of the most responsible and 
 important positions at their disposal. The progress of the Illinois agency since then 
 has been phenomenal. December 31, 1886, the company reported Illinois premiums of 
 $606,077, payments to policy-holders in this State of $310,140, new insurance for the 
 State of $1,769,510, and insurance in force in the State of $20,290,720. The next year Mr. 
 Ferguson's half-year's work as general agent was evidenced by Illinois premiums of 
 $685,812, payments of $336,862, new insurance of $2,665,735, and insurance in force of 
 $21,697,939. For 1888, his first full year as general agent, the Illinois report credits the 
 company with premiums of $771,071, payments of $323,487, new insurance of $6,172,791), and 
 insurance in force ot $25,562,744. December 31, 1889, these items were: premiums, $907,- 
 539; payments, $462,318; new insurance of $6,735,362 ; insurance in force, $28,889,863. In 
 1890 the Illinois general agency collected $1,025,575 in premiums, returned $410,747 to 
 policy-holders, wrote new insurance of no less than $7,324,113, and increased the insur- 
 ance in force in this State to $31,884,127 These latter figures explain our introducto y 
 
632 GUIDE TO CHICAGO. 
 
 statement as to the comparative magnitude of Mr. Ferguson's business. His new- 
 writings in 1890 (of which the December business alone represented insurance of 
 $1,800,000 and premiums of $157,709) were $2,000,000 more than the amount written in the 
 six States comprising the Northwestern general agency, of which Illinois was a part 
 when he became the general agent, and about equal to the'amount reported from 
 three other Northwestern States last year. 
 
 In kss than five years Mr. Ferguson has increased the Mutual Life's Illinois prem- 
 iums from $606,077 to $1,025,575, its new business from $1,769,510 to $7,324,113, and its 
 insurance in force in this State from $20,290,720 to $36,884,127. In the aggregate, during 
 this time, he has collected $4,478,417 in premiums, returned $2,105,418 to policy-holders 
 in losses and claims, and written new insurance of $29,010,000. December 31st last the 
 Mutual Life had 12,057 policies in force in this State. Taking the census estimate of 
 five to a family, and we find that 54,125 lives have a direct personal interest in its 
 Illinois department. Mr. Ferguson was born at Oswego, N. Y., August 13, 1846. Out- 
 side of life insurance, in business and social circles, Mr. Ferguson is widely known and 
 as widely esteemed, rich in the number of warm personal friends who would go out of 
 their way to do him a kindness. 
 
 Northwestern Masonic A id Association.— Located in the Home Insurance building, 
 Adams and La Salle sts. Officers : Daniel J. Avery, president ; James A. Stoddard, 
 secretary. The offices of the association occupy nearly a whole floor in this great 
 building, so large is the business transacted. A force of sixty clerks are employed in 
 the various departments that are essential to the management of their large and con- 
 stantly-increasing business, Avhich makes it a veritable hive of industry; yet each 
 department is so systematically arranged that any paper may be found, or ; ny informa- 
 tion ascertai ed instantly. The Northwestern Masonic Aid was- organized in 1874, with 
 the same gentlemen as president and secretary who have continuously filled those 
 responsible positions down to the present time ; and they may well congratulate them- 
 selves on the magnificent success of their association, and the repeated expressions of 
 confidence by the board of trustees and the members of the association. The con- 
 tinued growth and prosperity of the Northwestern Masonic Aid has made it sol'd as a 
 rock, and is emblematic of the push and enterprise that characterize the business men of 
 Chicago and the West. Each succeeding year has added to its strength and prosperity, 
 until we find, December 31, 1891, they have already paid over $9,000,000 to the bene- 
 ficiaries of their deceased members, having 58.C00 certificates in force, representing 
 $155,000,000 insurance at risk, and by economical and conservative management 
 accumulated a surplus of $517,000 over their Labilities, which stands behind, and is 
 pledged for the payment of all claims against the association, thus giving a sound 
 financial standing. The Northwestern Masonic Aid Association is based upon the most 
 approved plan of assessment life insurance, and is managed wholly in the interest of 
 its members, surrounding them Avith every safeguard experience can suggest c 
 prudence dictate. Among their special features are : no annual dues, the policy is for 
 a definite amount and, practically, incontestible after three years; second, notice given 
 before a member can be lapsed for non-payment of assessments ; no assessments col- 
 lected in advance under promise of future dividends ; annual statement verified by the 
 auditor of the State of Illinois. Of over nine million dollars collected and disbursed 
 since organization, in 1874, 8? per cent, has been paid to the widoAvs and orphans of its 
 deceased members, and only 10 per cent, used for expenses, while about 5 per cent, 
 has been saved, and now constitutes their substantial surplus of over $500,000. 
 
THE ECONOMIST. 
 
 PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY MORNING. 
 
 INTERMEDIATE ISSUES FOR IMPORTANT NEWS 
 ANNOUNCEMENTS. 
 
 59 DEARBORN STREET, 
 
 TlICAGO. 
 
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 IS FULL OF INFORMATION IN REGARD TO 
 
 FINANCIAL, 
 
 COMMERCIAL 
 
 AND 
 
 Real Estate Matters. 
 
 ASK CHICAGO BANKERS WHAT THEY THINK OF IT. 
 $5.00 A YEAR. - IO CENTS A COPY. 
 
 SOLD BY NEWSDEALERS. 
 
 ADVERTISING RATES REASONABLE. 
 
 i 
 
THE BUYERS GUIDE — LEADING HOUSES. 
 
 Established 1858. 
 
 GILES, BROTHER & COMPANY, 
 
 State & Washington Sts., 
 
 Chicago. 
 
 METAL ARTICLES. 
 
 E. P. PEACOCK, 
 
 Manufacturer of Metal Articles. 
 Penedict's Combination Trucks, Hosiery, Umbrella 
 and Cloak Display Stands. Patent Articles. Little 
 Throttler Traps, Automatic Machinery, Dye making, 
 etc; 143-145 South Clinton St. 
 
 MINERAL WATERS. 
 
 EDWIN E. HILLS, Sole Agent for 
 
 Londonderry Lithia Spring Water Co., and 
 
 Lorenz Reich's Hungarian Wines. 
 
 (Room 204), 70 State Street. 
 
 PLATE GLASS. 
 
 MONUMENTS. 
 
 THE SMITH GRANITE CO. 
 Westerly R. I. 
 Specia'ty Private Monuments, Eine Carv- 
 ing and Statuary. S. A. Young, Mgr. 
 104 Pullman Buil ling. 
 
 NEWS DEALERS. 
 
 BRENTANO'S 
 
 Publishe s, Booksellers, Importers, 
 
 News Dealers, Engravers & Stationers. 
 
 204 -*0o Wabash Avenue, 
 
 Chicago. 
 
 OLD COINS AND POSTAGE STAMPS. 
 
 All sorts of Old Coins and Postage 
 
 Stamps bought and sold. 
 
 Illustrated Coin Catalogue, ten cents. 
 
 Stevens & Company, 
 
 69 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
 
 PATENT ATTORNEYS. 
 
 D. H. FLETCHER, 
 
 Patent Lawyer, 
 
 Solicitor American & Foreign Patents, 
 
 402-404 Temple Court, 
 
 225 Dearborn Street, - - Chicago. 
 
 DAYTON, POOL & BROWN, 
 
 Solicitors of 
 
 American and Foreign Patents, 
 
 215 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
 
 PHYSICIANS. 
 
 DR. J. G. TRINE'S 
 
 Institute of the Movement-Cuke. 
 
 For circular or other information, please 
 
 call or address— 
 435 East Randolph St., Bet. State & Wabash. 
 
 GEORGE F. KIMBALL, 
 
 Imp'r of Polished, Plate & Window Glass, 
 
 Stained, Art, Coiored, Cathedial Glass. 
 
 Nos. 315 to 321 Wabash Avenue, 
 
 Opp. Auditorium, Chicago. 
 
 PRESSED BRICK COMPANIES, 
 
 TIFFANY PRESSED BRICK COMPANY, 
 
 M'f 'rs of Plain, Rock-Faced and 
 
 Ornamental Pressed Brick, 
 
 In Red, Brown and Light Shades 
 
 No. 161 La Salle St., Chicago. 
 
 PUBLISHERS. 
 
 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING CO. 
 
 Fanny M. Harley, Manager. 
 
 Send for catalogue. 
 
 87 Washington St., Chicago. 
 
 RUBBER GOODS. 
 
 THE COLUMBIA RUBBER WORKS CO. 
 Manufacturers Agents, 
 
 R. T. Whelpley, Manager, 
 159 and 161 Lake St., Cor. La Saile, 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Mechanical Hose, Belting, Packing, Tubing. 
 
 Valves, etc. 
 
 Goods to order a Specialty. 
 
 The Gutta Pkrcha Rubber M'f'o. co. 
 
 170 Lake Street. 
 
 SHIP-CHANDLERS AND SAIL MAKERS. 
 
 GEO. B. CARPENTER & CO., 
 
 202 to 208 So. Water Street, Chicago. 
 Tents, Awnings, and Paulins, Flags and 
 Banners, Yacht Supplies, Marine Hardwar .-. 
 
 SIGNS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 MURRAY & CO., 
 
 Randolph and Jefferson Sts. 
 
 SIGN PAINTERS. 
 
 C. H. HALLOWELL & CO.. 
 General Sign Contractors and Out Door Advertisers. 
 ( tfltice Room 83, 185 Dearborn Street. 
 
 Works Rear of 3008-14 Cot lage Grove Avenue. 
 Telephone 4456. 
 
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 ites of America, 
 
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 NOV 83 
 
 N. MANCHESTER,