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THE CIVIL WAR IN HISTORY 
 
 AN ADDRESS DELIVERED 
 AT THE REUNION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 52d Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers 
 
 WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 14, 1912 
 AT GREENFIELD, MASS. 
 
 The 50th Anniversary of the Enlistment of the Regiment 
 
 in the U. S. Army for Service in the Civil War, 
 
 by Lieutenant Asa A. Spear of Company G. 
 
 NORTHAMPTON, MASS. 
 
 THE GAZETTE PRINTING COMPA.VY 
 
 1913 
 
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The Civil War in History 
 
 A modern writer has said: '' History is a diary of the 
 luiinan race." Such a diary does not disch)se all its teach- 
 ings to the writer, nor to the actors in the events recorded. 
 If faithfully and truly written, the story told will unfold 
 as the years go by, and present to those who read, lessons 
 and truths unthought of when the record was written. 
 
 The diary of the Oivil War has been written by many 
 and distinguished historians, some actors in its scenes, and 
 others not, who have sought to record the great and con- 
 trolling events of that bloody struggle from different view 
 points and often colored by personal experiences, or told 
 in such way as to add luster to the names and deeds of 
 certain distinguished actors. But these diaries have given 
 us, in the main, a reliable story, from which we may draw 
 safe and abiding lessons for the nation's future guidance. 
 
 Many diaries of the Oivil War have been written in 
 humbler fashion, by less distinguished people, and record- 
 ing the deeds of humbler men, which are none the less 
 truthful, and which, none the less, contain the richer 
 teachings of those strenuous years. Eacii one of us, com- 
 rades, has written such a diary, either upon paper, or in 
 the hearts and lives of those near to us. We have narrated 
 our personal experiences and vividly described scenes 
 which we have witnessed and in which we have been 
 actors, to those who have not forgotten the stories, and 
 
by whom lessons, hidden in them, are being discovered, 
 and wrought into the sturdy manhood of the generations 
 that have already followed ours. 
 
 By the aid of memory we sweep back through the years 
 and over the experiences of life, and great truths rush 
 upon us which we did not see when we were passing 
 through them. 
 
 Many and wonderful are the lessons already learned by 
 this retrospect, by the study of these diaries. But fifty 
 years is too short a space of time to give a perspective 
 sufficient to disclose all that is stored in these written 
 and unwritten records. We have already learned much. 
 Mighty influences have already proceeded from them. But 
 the historian of the generations yet to come, as distance 
 gives him a fuller and more perfect view of the events 
 and scenes in which we were actors, will find lessons and 
 truths hidden in them, which have not been disclosed to 
 us and which we have not imagined. 
 
 The nation is nobler and better by reason of what has 
 already been learned. She has become more powerful for 
 righteousness and has a mightier influence among the na- 
 tions, by reason of the unfolding and strengthening of the 
 true spirit of liberty which the Oivil War brought. 
 
 Our conceptions of loyalty and patriotism have changed 
 since those days. The loyal American, to-day, is not one 
 who seeks above all else, to defend his country against 
 foreign aggression, but one, who, acting from a higher pur- 
 pose, seeks to make her foremost in promoting peace and 
 good-will among the nations. Peace, not war, is now the 
 objective of every true American who has learned the les- 
 sons of the Oivil War. It was in ante-bellum days that 
 we boasted that America was the greatest country in the 
 world for prowess, wealth and bigness ; now we are proud 
 to proclaim our land the leader of the world in the strife 
 for universal peace. Now we boast not so much of the 
 number of square miles within our borders, or of the mill- 
 ions of our people, or of our enormous wealth, all of 
 
 4 
 
which surpass the record of fifty years ago, as of our power 
 to help the world. Ringing out in clearest tones from 
 every mountain and hilltop, so that it is heard around the 
 world, is our new clarion call, "We must help all men to 
 be free." "We have learned through the bitter teaching 
 of the Civil War, that the liberty which our fathers gave, 
 is a precious gift entrusted to us, that we may pass it on 
 to those who have it not. The conception of a greater 
 missionary enterprise than that on which our country has 
 embarked during these later years, has never entered the 
 thought of man since the angels, above Bethlehem\s plain, 
 on that first Christmas night, proclaimed: "Peace on 
 Earth, Good Will toward Men." A new spirit, a new 
 patriotism, beside which the old appear weak and unde- 
 veloped, have possessed our thoughts and purposes. 
 
 Before the Civil War the first thought of American pa- 
 triots was for themselves ; their energies were directed 
 towards the building up of a nation invincible in prowess, 
 unsurpassed in wealth. Our patriotism was self-centered 
 and confined in narrow limits. As the years go by, and 
 we read and re-read the diary of that war, and study the 
 bearing of its great events upon each other and upon the 
 nation, new and broader and nobler ideas are constantly 
 unfolded to us. Clearer and clearer stands out in bold 
 perspective, the idea that after all the real and greatest 
 object of the war was to help others who desperately 
 needed help ; to awaken American patriots to a knowledge 
 of the fact that they had a priceless gift of freedom, in- 
 herited from their fathers, which they were selfishly keep- 
 ing to themselves, while the world was calling for a share 
 in the treasure. 
 
 We commenced the bestowal of our inheritance upon 
 those needing it, by sharing with the oppressed within 
 our own borders. Our charity commenced at home. We 
 thought we enlisted in the country's service to preserve 
 the union of the States, but have we not learned in these 
 fifty years, that the preservation of the union was a sec- 
 
 5 
 
ondary purpose, and that there was a higher and mightier 
 purpose behind and above that ? A purpose which we did 
 not then see, nor understand, but which time has made 
 wonderfully clear ? A purpose out of which the choicest 
 and richest fruits of our sacrifices have come ? That pur- 
 pose Avas that we should be taught the lesson that Amer- 
 ica's mission was to share her birthright with those in 
 need; to give, free-handed, liberty and justice and peace 
 to all the world — the lesson that by giving we should be 
 enriched and exalted to a higher and mightier station than 
 our fathers ever attained. 
 
 In bestowing freedom upon the slave we not only re- 
 moved the greatest burden upon our national life and 
 blotted out the greatest stain upon our national honor, but 
 we got our first glimpse of the reward that always comes 
 from sharing our best with those in need. 
 
 The teaching of this lesson w^as costly, very costly, and 
 there may have been in it something of chastisement, for 
 the dullness and inaptness to learn, which we now see so 
 clearly, marked the earlier days of our national existence. 
 But we learned the lesson well, and time and experience 
 are fixing it more indelibly in our national character. 
 This new idea has grown and broadened with advancing 
 years, until the very foundations of our patriotism have 
 been rebuilt. The old foundations were too narrow and 
 contracted ; the last fifty years have completely changed 
 our conceptions of patriotism and loyalty. The loyal 
 American of to-day is a different man from the loyal 
 American of fifty years ago; his ideals are higher; his 
 influence mightier ; his sympathies universal; his field is 
 the world. And all this is precious fruit of the Civil War, 
 which we have already gathered. The future will produce 
 still richer harvests. 
 
 "When Americans became thoroughly awake to the mean- 
 ing of this lesson from the Civil War, and this new spirit 
 of charity and good-will sought expression, the opportu- 
 nity came most unexpectedly. Cuba, most cruelly op- 
 
 6 
 
pressed and in direst need, stretched out her shackled 
 hands to us for help. The new spirit of loyalty to liberty 
 and of exalted patriotism, which filled the sons of those 
 who fought the Oivil War, responded to the call. They 
 sprang to arms; struck off the shackles from the out- 
 stretched hands; wrested fair Ouba from her oppressor 
 and presented her to herself, dowered with a portion of 
 the heritage so precious to us. And greater still was the 
 outcome of that blow at tyranny. Dewey's guns, on that 
 May day morning, annihilated a Spanish fieet and opened 
 the doors of the poor, ignorant, uncivilized Philippino, to 
 receive a share of what we had to give. Since then 
 America has been a schoolmaster to these alien, but needy 
 people, instructing them in the arts of peace, self-govern- 
 ment and liberty; lifting them up to a higher plane of 
 existence, herself pledged to give them self-government 
 and civil liberty when the savage shall have had time to 
 develop into the law-loving, law-abiding, enlightened 
 citizen. 
 
 Search history from the dawn of creation to this day 
 and where will you find sucli another example of disinter- 
 ested, unselfish bestowal of a share in a nation's choicest 
 heritage, upon an oppressed and distracted people ? His- 
 tory will record these glorious achievements as fruits of 
 the Oivil War. 
 
 Then again, the Oivil War produced John Hay, that 
 most distinguished and masterful statesman, who taught 
 the world lessons in the arts of peace, in honest, unselfish 
 diplomacy and fair-dealing. He set up a new standard of 
 national integrity and supplanted deceit and falsehood in 
 international dealing, with straightforward honesty and 
 truthfulness. Out of the Oivil War he had learned the 
 lessons of the higher patriotism. At the feet of Lincoln 
 he had drunk in the new spirit of righteous action, peace, 
 good-will and liberty for all ; and it had developed in him 
 until it produced a noble man, filled with a love for liberty 
 and fair-dealing which could not and would not counte- 
 
nance unjust oppression of the weak. His voice sounded 
 throughout the world a new and higher note of truthful- 
 ness, honor and justice on the part of the strong in their 
 dealings with the weak. 
 
 He taught the world many a lesson and fearlessly cham- 
 pioned the cause of righteousness everywhere. That new 
 spirit in him and the courage it had given, enabled him, 
 when all the great nations of Europe, in the Boxer war, 
 had combined to partition distracted and helpless China, 
 to hurl defiance at them all and to say: "Thou shalt 
 not." And the heart and voice of America Avas behind 
 him, sustaining and encouraging, and saying to him and 
 them, a new spirit of liberty and justice has been born in 
 us, out of the blood and sacrifice and suffering of our Civil 
 War, and we will protect and defend China against the 
 world with the might of our good right arm, if need be, 
 and will preserve to her, her ancient possessions inviolate. 
 Europe listened and heard and stopped. The dove of 
 peace shortly found a resting place in China, and John 
 Hay found a place on the topmost pinnacle of power and 
 honor. 
 
 The world stands aghast at these many acts of u.nselfish 
 giving of our best, and wonders whence they come. His- 
 tory points back to the Civil War. 
 
 Nor is this all. Out of this new spirit of patriotism and 
 good will, America has given to China the new spirit 
 which is now at work, awakening the nation from her cen- 
 turies long lethargy, and rebuilding and consolidating her 
 civil, social and intellectual life. 
 
 The return of the Boxer millions to China is another ex- 
 ample of the working of our new spirit, which Europe does 
 not yet understand. 
 
 In all these events, the future historian w411 find deeper 
 meaning and richer lessons than we have yet discovered. 
 
 There are men who will not subscribe to all that I have 
 thus far said ; men who do not believe that there is power 
 enough in this new spirit of peace and good will, to de- 
 
 8 
 
fend and preserve the nation. Pessimists there are and 
 always have been. We had them during the Civil War 
 and labelled them "Copperheads." They are now con- 
 tinually telling us that the safety of the country demands 
 the continued cultivation and development of the nuirtial 
 spirit; and they atfirm that the martial spirit is dying 
 out, and that etfeminacy and moral decline are every- 
 where manifest among our young men. They maintain 
 that the spirit of peace is enervating, and in the end will 
 sap the very foundations of our liberty. They decry the 
 trend which has made possible such results as came from 
 the Spanish War, and our influence with China. Not so. 
 The future historian will record that this new spirit of 
 patriotism and loyalty to country is not a degenerate 
 spirit. The new spirit is ennobling, uplifting, purifying, 
 strengthening. All these forces are life-giving, life-sus- 
 taining. The new spirit slulfs off the asperities of the old 
 martial spirit and leaves it refined and purified, but wath 
 all its ancient stamina intact. Because refined and puri- 
 fied it is safer, surer and more enduring. The country 
 will never want for defenders in time of need, nor for 
 valiant sons to pass on our inherited blessings to those in 
 need, so long as this new and refined spirit survives. And 
 it comes from sources which can never fail. 
 
 We can all tell stories illustrating the truth of what I 
 have just said. One morning wdien the Brooklyn boys 
 were enlisting for the Spanish war, my son, then just 
 starting in his teens, sat pensive and thoughtful at the 
 breakfast table. After a time he said: " Father, it is too 
 bad." "What is too bad, my son ? " " It is too bad that 
 the family has no one to send to this war. You are too old 
 and I am too young." 
 
 I was proud of that boy. You need not tell me that the 
 spirit of patriotism and loyalty to country is dead or de- 
 cadent. It still lives, but purified and strengthened- He 
 knew that the blood of the early settlers in his mother's 
 family, shed by the arrow and tomahawk of the Indian, 
 
 9 
 
^ad stained the meadows and the hillsides of this beauti- 
 ful Connecticut River valley; he knew that, in the public 
 library at Sunderland, hung a memorial to his maternal 
 great-great-grandfather as a captain in the Revolutionary 
 War ; he knew that when Massachusetts called on her sons 
 to repel the expected British invasion in 1812, his pater- 
 nal great-grandfather responded to the call; he knew that 
 the names of his father and uncle were enrolled upon the 
 marble slabs in the town hall at Amherst, as soldiers in 
 the Civil War, and he knew and felt, above all, that the 
 spirit of his ancestors w^as in him, moving him to loyalty 
 and duty. 
 
 Comrades : You have such sons and grandsons. As you 
 have held them on your knee and told them of the loyal 
 service of their ancestors, of your own hard service, of the 
 campfire, of the toilsome march, of the battle field, you 
 have seen their bosoms heave, their eyes flash with the 
 latent fire, and the fixed and loyal purpose Avithin, ex- 
 pressing itself on the brow and face. You know that the 
 spirit which filled your life in 1862, still lives in them 
 unabated. 
 
 The future student of history will commend with un- 
 stinted praise the loyal, unfaltering and unselfish devo- 
 tion of the nation to the soldiers in the field. The diary 
 abounds in stories of such devotion. Every village and 
 hamlet in the land has its organization to provide com- 
 forts for the sick; houses were stripped of such articles 
 as could be used to make lint and bandages for the 
 wounded. Night and day the first thought was for the 
 army at the front. 
 
 One incident in our own history illustrates what I would 
 
 say, an incident which has retained a w^arm place in all 
 
 our hearts. On the 30th day of July, 1868, after a week 
 
 of wearisome progress up the Mississippi, we land from the 
 
 river steamer " Henry Chouteau," at that den of sin they 
 
 call " Cairo," in Illinois, where too many of our boys fell 
 
 victims to the temptation which lurked everywhere. 
 
 10 
 
About midnight we were loaded into freight cars and 
 started, overland, for home. Rations were scarce, and for 
 three days we had little to eat beyond what the good peo- 
 ple of the towns and villages through which we passed, 
 gave us, and in their honor be it said, they treated us gen- 
 erously. About two o'clock in the afternoon of August 
 3rd, we reached Buffalo. The news of our coming and of 
 our need, had gone before. It was Sunday. At the open- 
 ing of the morning service, the church over which Rev. 
 Dr. Hosmer, father of Corporal Hosmer of Company D, 
 presided, received an unusual message. The Doctor an- 
 nounced that the 52nd Massachusetts regiment was on its 
 way home from the seige of Port Hudson, and would 
 arrive in Buffalo early in the afternoon, and that the boys 
 were hungry. Then he dismissed his congregation with 
 the injunction that his people see that the hungry soldiers 
 Avere fed. Then followed a glorious illustration of Chris- 
 tianity applied. Scores of families in Bufl'alo gave up 
 their Sunday dinners; kitchens, meat shops and bakeries 
 were ransacked ; long tables were erected in the railroad 
 station, and fairly loaded with a feast such as no 52nd reg- 
 iment man had seen in many a day. Dr. Hosmer's church 
 was there en masse to welcome us ; the ladies in their 
 Sunday gowns to serve the viands. What a sight met our 
 unsuspecting eyes as we marched into the station! And 
 then the scenes that followed! Buffalo learned that day, 
 how hungry men can eat, and better still, how they can 
 express their gratitude for and appreciation of such gen- 
 erous self-denial. Their bounty not only satisfied our 
 hunger, but filled our haversacks with good things for the 
 morrow. The ringing cheers which were our farewell, 
 were answered by cheers and waiving handkerchiefs from 
 the multitude. 
 
 Comrades: Such scenes reveal the inner spirit which 
 fills the heart of loyal America, and which is strengthen- 
 ing year by year. 
 
 Another great truth, I believe, the future student of 
 
 11 
 
history will reveal, as he reads and re-reads the diary of 
 the Civil War. It is that the Confederate Soldier and the 
 Union Soldier, knew and felt in his inmost heart, that 
 they were brothers ; that the war was a fratricidal w^ar 
 which ought not to have been. Another story from our 
 own history will show the reason for this belief. 
 
 After the unsuccessful assault on Port Hudson on June 
 14, 1863, three companies of our regiment, which had been 
 thrown forward as skirmishers, were left in close proxim- 
 ity to the Confederate earth-works. Company G was in 
 an angle of those works fronting two Confederate regi- 
 ments — the 49th Alabama on one side of the angle, and the 
 1st Mississippi on the other, and there we remained in the 
 blazing sun, protected by stumps and logs and gulches in 
 the earth, most of the time till July 8th, w^hen Port 
 Hudson surrendered. For three days after the assault 
 the dead of our army lay about us everywhere. On the 
 17th of June the bugles sounded a parley, a white flag was 
 raised and parties were sent out to bury the dead. For 
 nearly three hours the flag was up and many Confederates 
 came out into the neutral ground between their lines and 
 ours and met the men from my company, and during those 
 three hours they sat upon stumps and logs and chatted as 
 socially and pleasantly as though they had been brothers. 
 The Confederates had the idea that they were confronted 
 by a company of sharpshooters, so accurate and annoying 
 had been our fire, and many of them asked to be presented 
 to the officer commanding the company. They were 
 greatly mistaken, however. There was no one there but a 
 few farm boys and mechanics from Amherst and Sunder- 
 land and Pelham. But the truth is, they had acquired 
 some skill in handling Springfield rifles. 
 
 A duel had been going on between Edgar Pomeroy, my 
 orderly sergeant, and the orderly sergeant of a company 
 in the 1st Mississippi. The Mississippian's favorite post 
 was behind a large magnolia tree, just outside the Con- 
 federate works. Pomeroy lay behind a stump two hun- 
 
 12 
 
dred yards away. Many shots had been exchanged with- 
 out material damage to either combatant. On the after- 
 noon of the day before the truce, the Mississippian landed 
 a heavy charge of buckshot in the top of the stump close 
 to Pomeroy's head; then he commenced to reload, and in 
 doing so exposed his right arm to Pomeroy's quick eye. 
 He saw his chance, and in an instant a minnie ball was 
 on its way from Pomeroy's rifle, which shattered the Con- 
 federate's good right arm. His rifle fell and he did not 
 finish loading. The afternoon of the truce this Mississip- 
 pian was introduced to me and asked to see the man who 
 shot him the day before. I called the orderly, introduced 
 his victim, and for more than two hours those two men,, 
 the Confederate with his arm in a sling, sat on a log and 
 laughed and chatted like old friends. You would not sus- 
 pect that they were aught but brothers. The major of 
 the 49th Alabama asked to be brought to me. We were 
 introduced by one of his men. The greeting was cordial 
 on both sides. He commenced the conversation by ask- 
 ing me where I came from. I answered that 1 came from 
 Massachusetts. He said: ''You are a long way from 
 home. What did you come down here for ? " I answered : 
 " To make you fellows behave yourselves, if we can." He 
 answered: ''Well, we ought never to have misbehaved." 
 We sat down on a log and for an hour talked freely of the 
 war, and the events which led to it. I found him to be a 
 fine, well educated and intelligent gentleman. He freely 
 admitted that the war never should have been ; that the 
 masses of the Southern people were not at heart in favor 
 of the war, but were in it because they had to be, because 
 of the impetuosity and hot-headedness of their political 
 leaders. Coolness and calm deliberation, he felt sure, 
 would have avoided the war. 
 
 After three hours of brotherly fellowship the bugle 
 sounded the recall, the white flag went down, the men of 
 both armies scurried to their covers, and instantly went 
 at each other's throats like incarnate devils. For half an 
 
 13 
 
hour bullets flew as if to make up for the time which had 
 been lost. 
 
 By this scene and many others like it, 1 have been led 
 through the mellowing influence of the years and the 
 growth of the new spirit within me, to the belief which I 
 have expressed, that we were after all brothers at heart, 
 loving a common country and rejoicing in a common lib- 
 erty. The outside was but an appearance put on from 
 force of circumstances, and because we must. 
 
 Another fact which the future historian will make much 
 of, is the abounding love which the war developed for the 
 old flag in the hearts of those who followed it. I never go 
 to Boston, that I do not climb Beacon Hill to the old State 
 House to look upon one flag among the many which the 
 old Commonwealth is preserving in the rotunda. I feel 
 an impulse within me which strengthens with the years, 
 that I must make this pilgrimage. And as I stand and look 
 upon the flag we followed, tattered and bullet pierced, the 
 tears come streaming down my face. I don't know why it 
 is. I cannot help it. They come spontaneously. Do you 
 say tears are unmanly ? Not such tears. They are a tes- 
 timony to something within, that makes a man. That war- 
 worn flag is a symbol of what we sufl'ered and endured for 
 country's sake. It stands for everything we cherish most 
 of home and liberty and peace. The experiences we asso- 
 ciate with it, are graven on our hearts, and are among our 
 most precious memories and the sight of it brings up all 
 the past. That flag speaks to us, not in words, but by a 
 mighty unseen influence, loaded with the lessons of the 
 past, which has reached our hearts, and inspired a stronger 
 love and brought us little by little into this new and bet- 
 ter idea of what the Civil War really was, what it has done 
 for us, and what we feel assured it will do for those who 
 come after us. 
 
 Another lesson which the future student of history will 
 find, even more i)lainly written than we now And it, as he 
 reads the diary of the Civil Wai- \\ritten V^y bleediiig 
 
 14 
 
liearts, in desolate homes tliroiiglioiit the hind, will be the 
 niagnilicently heroic character and fortitude of the women 
 of the Kepublic, — of the women of the 52nd Massachusetts 
 regiment. Comrades: Too little honor have we given 
 them as the years have tlown ; too little appreciation of 
 their sacrifices have we expressed. Fifty years ago we 
 adopted them into the regiment. We went bodily to the 
 front. They went with us in spirit, but bodily tarried be- 
 hind to suffer and endure in secret. While their own 
 hearts were sorrowful and wracked with anguish, they sent 
 us loving messages of good cheer, of courage and comfort. 
 They cheered us on to duty and to loyal service. We 
 knew not what they endured, for we saw not, and they 
 endured in secret. But when we returned and saw the 
 deep lines of suffering and care graven on their faces, 
 channels through which many tears had flowed ; when we 
 saww'ives, mothers, sisters and sweethearts, crowned with 
 grey, whom we had left, a year before, in the bloom of 
 youth, then we began to learn just a little, that war had 
 borne heavily upon them as well as upon us. If war had 
 been, as General Sherman said, '^ Hell " to us, it had been 
 none the less so to them. 
 
 The long days of anxious waiting after stories of ship- 
 w^reck and battle had reached them, the agonizing sus- 
 pense which seemed could no longer be endured ; loneliness 
 and desolation of heart, as vacant places ever appeared 
 before them; uncertainty, disquietude, with nothing cer- 
 tain to which they could anchor hope — their lot was hard 
 indeed. And as the years go by, we understand and ap- 
 preciate more and more what they suffered and endured. 
 
 The heroism and indomitable courage of these women 
 of the Rej)ublic was beyond the power of words to describe. 
 
 All Hail ! Thrice Hail ! Women of the Kepublic ! 
 
 All Hail : Thrice Hail ! Women of the S'ind Massachu- 
 setts Regiment! 
 
 While such women continue the Republic will not want 
 for sons with manly courage and loyal devotion for de- 
 fence, sufficient for any need. 
 
 15 
 
History, in after years, will record in more glowing 
 words than we can find, the sublime courage which en- 
 abled you heroically to sacrifice and endure ; the exalted 
 patriotism which enabled you to put country before hus- 
 band, son, father, sweetheart; that sublime endurance 
 which kept you to the end. 
 
 History, ancient and modern, for many centuries, has 
 sung the praises of the Spartan mother, who, when Sparta 
 called, sent forth her sons with the heroic injunction: — 
 " Return with your shields or upon them." No less he- 
 roic was your sacrifice. No less illustrious and enduring 
 will be your fame. The historian of the future will give 
 you your full share of honor. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
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