PE us i Glass. Book COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT c^ PENOGRAFY, iiWplifi&i} $0140^0-140, — BEING — A SHORT, RAPID, AND PRACTICAL PENMANSHIP, SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR LITERARY AND BUSINES PURPOSES, — CONNECTED AVITH A SJMPL DEVICE OF SHORTHAND AND REFORMD SPELING. / By JOHN M. KLUE. Simplex munditiis. o Sf p I- 'd ' CHICAGO, ILL. Publisht by the Author, 1415 Wabash Avenue, 1886. tf\& CoPifRIGH* By JOHN M, KLUE A. D. 1885. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PART I. WEITING. The genius of man seems to hav ever been hesitating in the adoption of improvements and more specialy so in writing, as proved by the endles repetition of the same forms, only slitely modified by ages 'wich hav taken the place of much needed re- formation. The system of penmanship taut in our time is very copius and awkward, and consumes in execution a considerabl amount of time and labor. Its chief defect exists in the abun- dance of superfluus marks, and the formation of one of its sim- plest letters, as e, reqires at least three inflections of the pen; to properly execute most of the uthers, five or more curvatures ar necessary. The art of a simple and practical penmanship for the comunity has certainly been disregarded by the majority of professional writing masters of the age, and sum of them ar endevoring to surpass each uther with complicated systems. Quitilian, 'wen blaming scolars for neglect in the art of rapid writing, sot to instil into them the combination of the two greatest qalities of writing, "Cura bene et velocite?' scribenti." SMALL LETTERS. In writing both the literary and comercial men seeks to produce in a small space of time a great amount of work, it is therefore self evident that that method of writing 'wich aproaches the nearest to this aim must be to them the most valuabl. We hav, in order to simplify complicated letters, dropt parts of them 'wich we considered unnecessary, for true simplification in writing is produced by economizing the number of strokes as well as letters. The letter m is composed of three parts, the first and se- cond being entirely alike, the third part is different and sufici- ently distinct to suply the service of the uther marks, 'wich 4 PENOQBAFY. we therefore drop, and use the last part only for WL 1 saving thereby four penstroks 'wenever m ocurs. The reverst order is to be observd with n using the first part y for the letter and dispensing with the last. We hav devised a new caracter for a, 'wich is derived >^, from its printed type. It wil be seen by omiting the hook ** on the loer part of the printed a, our caracter apears dis- tinctly. This caracter we use for d\ on t we propose no altera- tions. The distinction between the writn d and t is that d J is angular both top and base; t is angular on the top and curved at the bottom, besides being crost one the distance from the top. Of h we drop the last part also, and use the loop alone for /. So too, in jt), using the stem stroke for the letter and drop- ing its apendage, thus: / . The only simplification we advise in q is to drop the always folloing w, as the caracter signifies to the eyes the same sound without u as it does with it, just as the uther letters of the al- fabet indicate the sound atacht to them without a vowel. All uther small letters ar retaind as hitherto used, not wishing to sacrifice legibility for brevity. The letters of the alfabet ar now thus: a ty & c d Sr v £ I a n r i, A/ f ii i< m a m> y & fv f a i 4 t PENOGBAFY. 5 CAPITAL LETTP]RS make up the ornaments uf writing, and in their formation pre- vails much more liberty than in the short letters. Since most writing must be dun with rapidity and dispach, the writers strive to benefit themselvs by practicing the most simpl patterns; folloing this aim we hav endevord to simplify the mode of writing of sum capital letters also, and similarize them to their architypes, the printed letters. D Our capital B begins on the base with a hair line, to 'wich the uther part is ad'd to make up the letter. Comences with a stem stroke, turns on the writing line concave upward in the shape of a half oval. T- The capital F begins with a hair line upward, turns in a left curv and terminates with a curvd line. This carac- ter can also be made in reverst order, thus avoiding the lifting of the pen by joining the conecting letters. is made similiar to its printed type, the loer oval part extends in the midl of the loer space. Our capital M and iV~is an elongated small m and n, as de- vised on the the small letters; the caracters ar thus: \(y m \f n. The destinction between them is that Wl* is concav curvd on the base, an yi is angu- lar on the bottom. For the same reason as stated abuv, we make no changes in the uther capitals. PENOGRAFY. U/Wtfs, M/MM/Q* fovAArUM^JfoJdsisyJfM rfL«f*Arttf'sr*^ PENOGBAFT. 7 SIMPLICITY. (See Plate.) *Wat is it that we most redily feel and admire in the wurks of nature? The perfect simplicity of the means by 'wich the great results of providence and ar brot about. It is simplicity perhaps more than anything els, 'wich triumfs over vanity, luxury and splendor, and renews with its periodic conqests the moral helth and progressiv power of the wurld, Literaly a simpl thing is a thing one fold, nothing superfluus, presenting a pure line or closely and clearly that 'wich it contains. Simplicity sum one may say must be an easy matter; one fold, one line, no complication, no extravagences, anyone can easily manage that! Try it> you may not find it so easily, you may find that it taxes your utmost power. Strange as it may seem, it is easier to make two folds, two lines, than one with fair effect. Simplicity is the real test of both grace and power, it needs a far hier nativ qality to make simplicity look fair, than to make complexity look splendid, it is easier to produce a striking elect with ten folds than with one. 8 PEJSTOGRAFY. PART II. SHORTHAND. As common writing not always answers every purpose 'were it mite be essential useful; therefore sum writers hav at all times strivn to tipify speech with as few marks than even necessary to recall the symbolized idea to the mind of the reader. Such abieviations and methods ar termd Shorthand writing; and they ar in the most cases very complicated, and to master them reqires long study and practis. For those who 'wich to acqire the knolege of Shorthand writing not of the most rapid kind, but for the ordinary pur- pose of taking notes of lectures, making extracts, etc., may the folloing devise of abreviated writing be of service, by using the letters of our simplified method. In rapid writing not much regard shoud be paid to the common mode of speling and only those letters shoud be writn down 'wich ar absolutely necessary for decifering the wurd. An ocasional omision of a letter or a few wil not caus great difficulty in reading 'wen writing is dun acording to establisht rules, since the rest of the acumpanying wurds wil suficiently sho 'wat wurd or sense is intended to represent. To 'wat ex- tent this omission may be caried wil depend upon practis and also upon the object of writing. In order to render the writing shorter without creating much difficulty in rereading the follo- ino- rules wil be found convenient. 1. All dubl letters may be simplified. 2. Silent letters shoud as much as possibl be omited. 3. The vowels a, w, y and compound vowels an au, ou, ow, may be dropt of not initial, and also io in the termination tion. 4. For the write only e. 5. For and write only n. PENOGRAFY. 9 ILUSTRATION OF THE SYSTEM. The student shoud begin by copying passages 'wich ar e stdent shd begin b cping psges 'wich ar very familiar to him, at first using very few abreviations, and ver fmilir t him, at first using ver few abrevitns, n increasing their freqency by degrees, and as he becums expert incresing their freqenc b degres, n as he becms expert in the art, proceed to copying passages 'wich ar new to him. in e art, prcid t cping psges 'wich ar new t him. The most intricate art may be lernd if the student is contend e mst intrict art m be lernd if e stdent is cntend to lern by degrees; 'wile the simplest wil becum difficult to t lern b degris 'wile e simplest wil becm dificlt t acqire if studied huriedly and iregularly. acqire stdied hriedl n ireglrl. PART III. SPELING. Letters ar the means by 'wich w T e convey audibl speech into visibl language, just as we put sounds together on our lips, so we put letters together on paper. Letters ar substan- tial^ adrest to the eys, as sound adresses itself to the the ears. Writn or printed wurds ar mere representativ of spoken wurds and hav no meaning except of the vocal sound 'wich they re- present. Wurds writn may be considerd two ways; either as types of sounds 'wich stand for ideas, or imediate types of ideas, without any reference to sound. 'Wen writn wurds ar only considered as types of sounds, in order to make them cor- respondent to their architypes — the spoken language, the two folloing rules shoud be strictly observd: 10 PENOGRAFY. 1. No caracter shoud be set down in any wurd 'wich is not pronounced. 2. Every distinct simpl sound shoud hav a distinct car- acter to mark it, for 'wich it shoud uniformity stand. Every wurd is composed of one or more singl sounds; all the orthografy necessary, therefore, is to analize the wurd into its different sounds and write in their proper order, the different signs representing those sounds. Take the wurd though, 'wich we spel with six letters, (and make in writing twenty-seven motions of the pen); by analizing, we find that it has only two singl sounds, and reqires actualy two singl letters. It may be askt here, for 'wat purpose serv the ugh? In about 120,000 wurds of the English language we find about 65,000 silent letters; this renders on an average, a sur- plus letter to every uther wurd. The average writer employes about 2,000 wurds per day, and writes conseqently about 1,000 silent letters, an agregate of 125 wurds for the sake of caracters of doutf ul value, by accepting the average of eit letters to a wurd. 'Wen it is rememberd that the English language is spoken by more than 130 millions, and suposing that five millions of them daily use the pen in their varius ocupations, it wil redily be perceivd by multiplying the daily loss caused by the use uf so many useles letters, by the week, month and year, 'wat an enormus sacrifice must ensue from their use alone in one gen- eration. We furnish the folloing tablets in order to impart the rea- der with a proper view in regard to iregularities and silent letters uf the English language. The numbers indicate how many times the preceding combinations or silent letters in the wurd combinations of Webster's (unabriged) Dictionary ocur. Vowel combinations 'wich only in one or rare wurds ocur, as for instance, buoy, buy, etc., ar not taken up in our tables; as we consider them as mere curiastics. PENOQRAFT. TABLE II. 11 SHOING THE NUMBER OF VOWEL COMBINATIONS AND SILENT VOWELS CONTAINED IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. VOWEL COMBINATIONS ai as in main 1,226 ai " fair 189 audible 967 laundry 84 law 491 day 678 meal 2,104 au au aw ay ea ea ea ea ea eau eau ei ei ei eu ew ew AND SILENT VOWELS. ey as in alley 255 ey " they le ie oa head 728 pear 101 heart 104 great 40 beauty 14 beau 18 eider 69 either 149 their 195 euphony 557 few 253 screw 100 field, die . . board oa " broad ou 71 348 26 642 38 297 35 94 soup ou " bought .... ou " journal ou " enormous 3,461 ou " court 216 ow " brown 674 ow " show 724 e " give 12,807 e " fence 1,659 e " rained 1,784 u " equal 1,533 ue " catalogue 755 ue " picturesque .. - 188 Totals, 9,067 Totals, 25,607 12 PEJSTOGEAFY TABLE I. SHOING THE NUMBER OF DOUBLE AND SILENT LETTERS CONTAIND IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. DOUBLE AND SILENT LETTERS. bb as in abbreviate . . . 387 b as in dou£>t 124 cc cc acclimate . . . . 453 c or k as in loc& 2,081 ff C( effect . 941 d as in handkerchief . 7 11 (C Qg-cr . 419 d cc edcre 287 cc c So shall . 4,035 g cc rei^n 223 nm a comment . . . . 525 gh cc cam/At 1,870 nn cc inn . 564 h cc r/iyme 254 PP cc happy . 920 h cc character . . . . 823 err cc err . 1,039 k cc knee 225 S3 cc possess . 5,660 1 cc wa/k 359 tt u battle . 1,331 n cc condemn 21 zz cc puzzle . 127 P cc receipt ...... 215 ee cc eel . 2,024 s CI island 24 ee cc been 31 t cc whistle 99 oo cc food . 1,008 t cc ca^ch 457 oo cc foot . 662 w cc wrong 379 00 cc blood 19 wh cc vvAere 493 oo cc door 28 P h cc 2)/n\osophy . . . 2,398 Totals, 20,173 Totals, 10,420 PENOGRAFY. 13 RULES FOR AMENDED SPELINGS. 1. * e. — Drop silent e 'wen foneticaly useles, as in live, vineyard, believe, simple, single, article, practise, granite, de- fenite, inventive, derivable, inhabitable, contemptible, rained, eaten, doctrines, etc. 2. * ea. — Drop a from ea having the sound of e as in feather, leather, jealous, head, dead, earn, learn, read fprt), pleasure, measure, etc. * Drop e from ea having the sound of a, as in heart, hear- ken, etc. 3. * eau. — For beauty write beuty. 4. * eo. — Drop o from eo having the sound of e as in jeo- pardy, leopard, feoffment, etc. 5. i. — Provide i having the sound as in fine, with an accent circumflex thus: i, right, knight, light, wright, etc. * Drop i of parliament. 6. o. — Provide o having the sound of o in order, with an accent circumflex thus: 6, thought, sought, bought, wrought, fought, etc. * o. — For o having the sound of u as in but, write u as in above, (abuv), dozen, some, (sum), tongue, (tung), and the like. * For women restore wimen. 7. * ou. — Drop o from ou having the sound of u, as in journal, nourish, trouble, rough, (ruf), tough, (tuf), and the like, [Drop o from the terminating ous as in enormous, courtous. famous, various, precious, etc.] 8. oio.— Drop w from o having the sound of o in old as in follow, show?, note, grow, knoio, etc. 9. * u.— Drop silent u after g before a, and in nativ Eng- lish wurds, as guarantee, guard, guess, guest, guild, guilt, etc. [Drop u from qu as in equal, quality, quail, qwote, quad- rant, etc., a q without it, may just as efectualy represent the sound alone.] * Rules markt thus: (*) ar those of the English and American Filological So- ciety, and recomended by them to the public for imediate use. Unmarkt rules and inclosed in brakets [ ] are fnrnisht by the author. 14 PENOGRAFY. 10. * ue. — Drop final ue in apologue, catalog?^, damage, pedagogic, leagwc, colleague, harangue, tongwe, (tung), etc. 11. * Dubl consonants may be simplified: final b, d, g, n, r, t,f, I, z, as in ebb, &dd, egg, inn, pair, butt, bonlif/, duR buzz, etc., (not in all, hall). [Final s as in fortress, actress, less, ness, etc.] Medial befor anuther consonant, as in battle, ripple, writ- ten, (writn), etc. Initial unaccented prefixes and uther unaccented sylabls as in abbreviate, accuse, af/air, etc., as curvetting, traveller, etc. [Do not dubl the final letter of wurds before a suffix that begins with a vowel, thus: OLD: REFORMED: bag, bag'gage, bag, bag'age, abet, abet'tor, abet, abet'or, dig, dig'ging, dig, dig'ing, demur, demur'rer, demur, demur'er, refer, refer 'rible. refer, referable, etc.] 12. * b. — Drop b in bom 5, crum#, debt, dou^t, dum&, lam&, lim&, num#, plum#, subtle, succumb, thumJ. 13. * ch. — Drop h from ch in character, cAoler, cAolera, melancholy, scAool, stomacA, etc., [but not if ch is folloed by e, i, y, as in chemy, chyle, chimera, etc.] 14. ck. — Drop c from eh as in lack, track, stack, chuck, knock, pick, etc. 15. * d. — Change d and ed final to t when so pronounced, as in crossed, (crost), looked, (lookt), etc., unles the e afects the preceding sound as chafed, chanced, etc. [Change ed to t after: But not when preceded by: f, stuffed, — stuft, b, stubbed, — stubd, k, looked, -lookt, g, tugged, — tugd, p, slipped, — slipt, I, pulled, — puld, s, pressed, — prest, in, summed,— sumd, sh, finished, — finisht, n, abandoned, — abandond, x, fixed, — fixt. r, barred, — bard, v, curved, — curvd, z, wizzed, — wizd.] PEJSTOGBAFY. 15 16. clge.— Drop d from dge as in loc?ge, dodge, acknow- ledgement, (aknolegement), bridge, etc. 17. dj, — Drop d from dj in unaccented sylabls as in ad- journ, (ajurn), adjust, etc. 18. * g. — Drop g in fei^n, foreign, sovereign. 19. * gh — Drop h in ag/zast, burgA, g/iost. Drop gh in hau^Aty, thou^A, (tho), throu^A, (thru), dau#A- ter, caught, e\ght, (eit), etc. [Drop gh as in light, might, right, light, sight, night, etc. (See rule 5.) [Drop ugh as in bought, caught, sought, thought, fought, etc.] * Change gh tof where it has the same sound, as in cough, enough, laughter, thought, etc. 20. * I. — Drop I in could, [should, wou/d.] 21. * p. — Drop p in receipt. 22. * ph. — Write/ for ph, as in philosophy, joAilological, sjpAere, etc. 23. rh. — Drop h from rh as in rhetoric, rAapsody, rheuma- tism, rAomb, etc. 24. * s. — Drop in aisle, demesne, island. 25. * tch. — Drop t as in cafch, pi£ch, witfch, etc. 26. * w. — Drop w in iohole. 27. wh. — Drop h from wh \ and indicate it by placing an apostrofe (') before the to, thus: 'wich, 'wen, 'were, 'wat, etc. Remarks on the preceding Rules. The advantages of the preceding rules of simplified speling may be sumd up in the folloing: droping about 30,000 silent- letters from the writn language and shortning thereby the time of writing considerably as wel as removing inumerabl scrip torial and oral mistakes. By writing i a dot must always be made over the caracter, now by ading to the dot a small upward stroke (the accent cir- t The proper and Anglo-Saxon representation of this sound is in reverst order of the present (hw), but it is difficult to conceiv that this way woud meet public favor, therefore it seemd beet to drop the h intirely, nnd to indicate this sound by an apostrofe placed before the w and saving thereby the writing of the h. 16 PENOGRAFY. cumflex) a destinction is created in the writn language between the sounds of i in find and i as in fin, without the in- troduction of a new caracter to indicate them. By dropping 10 from oio as in shoitf, foiled, know, etc.; an e may be ad'd to the o 'wen a consonant folloes in order to indicate the long vowel sound, thus: sho, shoen, kno, knoen, etc. The silent k and w as initials may be dropt in wurds, 'were no distinction is kept up between wurds of similar sound and different speling. "The fysiology of consonant sounds as Rush remarks*'' dus not only prove the dubling to be unecessary, but practically forbids it. All the consonants close their utterance either by a faint vocal or by an aspirate jet, a vocula or litl voice, more audibl as an aspirate severaly in the final k, p and t, in nick, sJdp, hale; and slitely in 'wat has been cald guttural murmur, at the close of all the vocal consonants with the vowels, making the consonant no severaly into them. Now vowels having no final consonants even with their vocule, unite into one sylabl, therefore two proximate vowels, and two proximate consonants, if pronounced, must respectivly make two sylabic eforts. And hence dubl consonants within a sylabl cannot together be ut- terd by singl vocal impuls. At the end and within a sylabl, they ar as abuv stated useles to the voice. They apear, how- ever, dubl at the conection of successiv sylabls, as in the wurd command. Ar they necessary here? Only in sum cases. i4 In the greater number the consonants at the end of the preceding sylabl coalesces with the vowel of the succeding sylabl, if the second consonant did not prevent it. In the hasty current of speech, and of declamation, the second m is not pro- nounced, and is therefore useles, the final consonant of the pre- ceding sylabl skiping the second consonant, and gliding into the next vowel a. If the utterance is slo, or the second sylabl, as in command is emfatic, then the a is to be strongly exploded, and this is to efected by making a momentary paus before the second m and bursting by its vocule into the emfatic a in'wich case the dubl consonant is used. Or this may be dun by the same process with the first m y rejecting the second. * Philosophy of the human voice p. xi. PENOGRAFY, — OR — — BEING — A SHORT, RAPID, AND PRACTICAL PENMANSHIP, SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR LITERARY AND BUSINES PURPOSES. — CONNECTED — AVITH A S1MPL DEVICE OF SHORTHAND AND REFORMD SPELING. By JOHN M. KLUE. Simplex munditii*. CHICAGO, ILL. Publisht by the Author, 1415 Wabash Avenue, / £ t. ?3 •