\ ,^^^^ *b <. ATLANTA IN 1845.— CHURCH AND SCHOOL-HOUSE. ATLANTA IN 1881.— FIKST METHODIST CHUKCH-SAMK SI'OT. ATLANTA IN 1864.— AS SHERMAN LEFT IT. DECATUK STREET. ATLANTA ILLUSTRATED. CONTAINING GLANCES AT ITS POPULATION, BUSINESS, MANUFACTURES, INDUSTRIES, INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, HEALTHFULNESS, ARCHI- TECTURE, AND ADVANTAGES GENERALLY, WITH 150 1LTUST1{AT1(3NS AND A LITHOGRAPHIC MAP OF THE CITY. THIKO EOITIOIV. COI'YKIGHTED. BY E Y.' CLARKE . . >,,., ' ■ ' ' ' ' ' ■) -1 T ATLANTA, GEORGIA: Ja?. p. Hakrison & Co., Publishers anp PiiiNTEKS, 1881. DEDICATION, 71? f^e Women of Atlanta, ever foremost in the Charities and Amenities, great and s?nall, projected for the uplifting of Hu- manity, as abundantly evidenced by their labors in behalf of the Young Men's Library, by the establishment of a Benevolent Home, and by the Monumental Column of Granite kissing the skies froin Oakland Cemetery, memorial alike of the Patriotism of man and the Devotion of woman ; and to the Men of brain and muscle^ whose etiergy, enterprise and public spirit have constructed the Railroads, erected the Massive Walls, and sent up the Church Spires of the Giant Young Metropolis of the South, and whose hearty appreciation a7id liberal support of all efforts tending to the public good have been unremitti7ig, this Work is most respect- fully dedicated. • " -t d Wesley ^^ ^J-' .^"^f, Po.ndries-Th. Fir. S;y p:;.rS;r„7:Hrs;a\;S:oal.Aaa„,a . ... P«.n. KaU^ay- ^"'"'- CHAPTER VI. Snake Nation— Page 31. CHAPTER VII. ^. TT ■ -A^ TViP First Fire— Removal of the Cem- Accident and Incident-The First H^^^^^^J.^^ f^ ' ^Bi^hop Andrew-Second etery-The First Bank-The First Lawyer-Old 1 nnity iiisn p Baptist Church-The Original Nineteen Members-Page 34- 12 CONTENTS. CHATER VIII. Continued Growth-Population in 1854-Rate of Annual Increase-Sales of Goods- First Commercial Crisis-Census of i860 -Building of the City Hall-General Im- provements and Progress-Atlanta Medical College-Bank of Fulton Established-- The Air-Line Road Agitated-Young Men's Christian Association-Hibernian Benevolent Society-Our First Military Company-First Atlanta Directory-Bus- iness in 1859 — Page 36. CHAPTER IX. The War Period ; Progress Checked; Reaction; Manufacture of War Munitions- Martial Law; Hospitals; Bombardment of the City; Terrific Scenes; Battle of Peachtree Creek ; Battle of Atlanta ; Death of McPherson ; Occupation by Fed- eral Army ; Expulsion of Inhabitants ; Destruction of City ; Page 41. CH\P ERX. Return of the People ; Rebuilding of City ; New Life ; Four Hundred Buildings erected in one year ; New Enterprises and new Business ; A Flush Period ; Com- pletion of the Air-Line Road ; Growth of the Wholesale Business ; Starting of the Cotton Trade ; Page 50. CHAPTER XI. Birth and Growth of Associations ; Young Men's Library Association ; Hibernian So- ciety ; Concordia; Ladies' Memorial Association; Page 56. CftAPTER XII. Educational Progress ; Public School System Recommended ; Convent School for girls ; University for Colored People ; Page 60. CHAPTER XIII. A Financial Crisis ; Population in 1873 ; The Panic ; Its Results ; Run Upon the Banks ; Damage to Business ; Page 63. CHAPTER XIV. Municipal Reform ; A Committee of Forty-nine ; The New Charter ; Its Provisions- Page 68. ' ' CHAPTER XV. Movements of Business ; Marvelous Progress ; Unsightly Spots filling up ; Wholesale Groceries ; Page 69. CHAPTER XVI. General Progress of the Last Decade ; Establishment of Waterworks ; Their Exten- sive Use ; Page 70. PART SECOND. Atlanta As It Is ; Railroads ; Hotels ; Public Works, Buildings and Grounds ; Churches ; Colleges ; Manufactures ; Capital of the State; Municipal Govern- ment; Population ; Society ; Healthfulness ; Advantages; Streets ; Leading Bus- mess Houses ; Architecture ; Residences ; Surroundings ; Directory of Informa- tion. -■^"'^i^E^^ .^"I^SI^ /'""cI^ErN -^^ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, ^^i- Frontispiece. Engineer's Office. The First Church, No. I. Fire Company's Building. The Terraces— Residence of E. E. Raw- son. Federal Camp in the Park. Ruins. James R. Wylie's Store. Kimball House. Residence of B. F, Wyly. Republic Block. . Clarke & Co.'s Hardware Building. Residence of W. B. Cox. Residence of Julius L. Brown. Residence of James R. Wylie. Er Lawshe's. Southern Express Offlce. Markham House. Hebrew Synagogue. Confederate Monument in Oakland Cem- etery Residence of F. M. Coker. Residence of A. C. Wyly. National Surgical Institute. Trinity Church. Franklin Printmg House. Marietta Street. Surburban Residence of Wra. McNaught. Atlanta Rolling Mill. Terra Cotta Works. Box Factory. , Sugar Creek Paper Mills. Residence and Store of Joseph Smith. McBride's Crockery Store. Hunnicutt & Bellingraths' Building. Atlanta Nurseries. Wilson & Bros.' Coal Yard. Merchants' Bank. Georgia Railroad Depot. Western & Atlantic Railroad Depot. State Capitol. Residence of Judge George Hillyer. First Baptist Church. Governor's Mansion. Whitehall Street. Van Winkle's Foundry. M. C. & J. F. Riser & Co.'s A. C. &B. F.Wyly's. Ponce de Leon Springs. Residence of S. M. Inman. Residence of J. C. Peck. Residence of H. A. Fuller. City Hall. Residence of Wra Laird. County Jail. The Old Atlanta Hotel. Stone Mountain. General Passenger Depot. Fast Mail by Night. Interior Kimball House. President Hayes in Atlanta. Exposition Grounds — two views. First Presbyterian Church, Seond Baptist Church. Methodist Protestant Church. First Methodist Church. Other Churches. Southern Medical College. Eclectic Medical College. Reform Medical College. Custom House. Atlanta Health Institute. Fulton County Court House. Cotton Factory. Whitehall Street. W. M. Scott's. Stocker & Castleberry's— two views. 14 LIST OF ILL USTRA TIONS. t> J. P. Stevens & Go's. — three views. F. G. Hancock's — three views. The Inman Building. Mitchell Wagon Company. F. W. Hart's. Fuller & Oglesby — two views. Dunn. Alexander & Go's. National Hotel. Wilson House. Boaz's Stables. Mark W. Johnson's. P. H. Snook's. Bird's Eye View. Peachtree Street. Walter Taylor's. Avery & Son's. McBride & Go. — two views. Traynham & Ray's, Reception of Military. The Library. West End Spring. McPherson Monument. Residence of G. W. Leonard. Hirsch Bro's. Oglethorpe Park Entrance. Exposition Hotel. Other Exposition Buildings. Atlanta — Bird's Eye View. INTRODUCTION, Atlanta is now a city of nearly 50,000 souls. In 1835 the spot on which it stands was forest and swamp, with a few country roads running through it. Its history is indeed a remarkable one, but not only in the -particular of rapid growth. It has an experience of battle and flame and heroic story exceeding in some respects that of any city in the South. There is a dim tradition of a fierce and bloody combat upon the site, between two tribes of Indians who originally possessed the land. But there is no evidence of any such conflict, and unfortunately Atlanta's history needs no dependence upon savage legends for romantic elements, as the internecine strife of 1861-64 was terribly sufficient for that purpose. The city was completely destroyed, but rose from its ashes grander than ever, and has grown like towns grow in the West. The history of such a City it is interesting to trace, and the following pages will be de- voted to this task, beginning with the first log cabin. PART I. CHAPTER I. SELECTION OF A SITE. In 1825 the Creek and Cherokee Indians ceded the lands inter- vening between them to the State of Georgia, and their acquisition increased the restlessness of the people for some mode of trans- portation between the State and the expanding West. About this time, too, the steam engine was applied to railroad transit, and in 1826 a train of cars, in the Old World, was first drawn by one. When this idea of overland transportation crossed the Atlantic, people began to think of railroads as the best means of interior communication ; hence the Legislature of Georgia granted three charters in 1833, for the Central, Georgia and Monroe railroads. This still further stimulated the general desire of the people to es- tablish direct commercial intercourse between the South Atlantic coast and the West ; and as this could be done by building a great trunk-line railway northwestward, the people of Georgia determin- ed upon its construction. A State convention met at Macon in N'ovember 1835, and memorialized the Legislature to that end. This movement, like all progressive ideas, evoked the fiercest op- position, and finally prevailed in the General Assembly by a very small majoritp. One of that majority is the present venerable Sec- retary of State, N. C. Barnett. 1 8 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. On the 2 1 St of December, 1835, the act was approved by Gov- ernor Schley authorizing the "construction of a railroad from the Tennessee line, near the Tennessee river, to the southwestern bank of the Chattahoochee river, at a point most eligible for the running of branch roads theiice to Athens, Madison, Milledgeville, Forsyth, and Columbus." In 1837 Stephen H. Long was appointed engin- eer-in-chief, and the eastern terminus was established, not at the Chattahoochee, but seven miles east of it (for the reasons hereto- fore given), and near the point of the pfesent General Passenger Depot. The quotation shows that the act itself required this loca- tion ; and the site of Atlanta was therefore the result, neither of accidental circumstance nor of arbitrary choice, but of natural con- formation, as the most "eligible" point for the purposes recited in the act. Here intersected three great mountain ridges, upon which were soon afterwards constructed the Georgia, Macon & Western, and Atlanta & West Point railroads. ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 19 CHAPTER II. TERMINUS— .1836— 42. The site chosen, as mentioned in the foregoing chapter, was known for a number of years as " Terminus." The first house built near it, or within village distance of it, was a log shanty, erected by Mr. Hardy Ivy in the year 1836. To John Thrasher belongs the honor of erecting the second house, in 1839, in which year "Cousin John," as he is familiarly known, was the only inhabitant save an old woman and her daughter. There were a few people in the neighborhood, generally very poor; women wearing no shoes, and the houses having dirt floors. The country was wild — traversed only by Creek and Cherokee Indians in roving or hunt- ing excursions, and straggling white adventurers. In 1 84 1, 1842 and 1843, a few persons moved upon the ground and became neighbors of John Thrasher, who had been enterpris- ing enough to organize a store. In the keeping of the store he associated with him a man by the name of Johnson, the firm name being Johnson & Thrasher. This was the first business firm, as well as the first store of the embryo city, and was erected on the spot where the First Presbyterian church now stands. Cousin John did not take a hopeful view of the future of Terminus, for in 1842, three years later, he sold out and moved to Griffin. At this time very little progress had been made in population, there being not more than a half dozen dwellings, or about three or foui fami- lies at the close of the year. Among these was Mr. Willis Car- lisle, who came in June 1842, and established a store near the location of the First Presbyterian Church on Marietta street. His daughter, who might be termed the "pioneer babe" of our great city, is still a resident, having married the well-known iron founder, Mr. W. S. Withers. But in another direction there had been decided progress. The construction of the Western & Atlantic Railroad had been prose- 20 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. cuted slowly, but steadily, the turbid stream of the Chattahoochee had been spanned and Marietta reached. This year is distinguished by the arrival of the first engine, called the Florida, which was brought from Madison, the then terminus of the Georgia Railroad, in a wagon drawn by sixteen mules. This was a most enlivening spectacle, and assembled the people from all the country round about, at least five hundred, it is said, accom- panying the engine from the village of Decatur and below. This was the first of the great succession of crowds collecting at or near the Whitehall street crossing, then to do homage to that wonderful invention of human genius, the steam engine — since that time to impatiently await its pleasure in moving out of the way. The engine was successfully placed upon the track, and with a box car brought from Milledgeville, made a trip to Marietta December 24th, 1842. The engineer was W. F. Adair, who is now em- ployed at New Holland Springs. This year is also noted for the first real estate sale at public auction — Mr. Fred. Arms being the auctioneer. He had sub- divided Mitchell's lot — the same, a part of which made such a conspicuous figure in later times — but succeeded in 'selling only three of the sub-divisions, Mr. Daniel Dougherty buying one, Mr. Wash Collier another, and Mr. Arms himself buying a third. Mr. Wash Collier stid owns his I >t, upon ivhich stands the drug store building at the junction of Line and Deca- tur streets with Pcachtree and Marietta. In this year, or the suc- ceeding one, the first two- story framed house was built, which is still standing, at the present day, on Peters street, across from Trinity Church. ENGINEERS OFFICE. It is the propetty of Mr. E. W. Holland, of our candy manufacturing firm of Jack & Hol- land. The house was removed to its present location from the rear of the Republic Block, where it was first erected by the State ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 2 1 Road authorities for the use of the engineers and other officers of the road. It was afterwards occupied as a boarding house — the first in our history. The accompanying design of the building, ?.s it now stands, is a fac simile of what it was in 1843, with the ex- ception of the Httle shed-room, and an extension of the original porch over the door. Few citizens are aware of its existence, and it is quite a curiosity under the circumstances, surrounded as it is by princely mansions and magnificent structures of brick and stone. In it, as book-keeper for the Western & Atlantic Railroad, Hon. L. E, Bleckley, ex-Justice of our State Supreme Court, passed the first three years of his citizenship, and Mr. J. Norcross, one of the earliest mayors of the city, slept his first night. Though the oldest house in Atlanta, it is now used to make old things new, as it is oc- cupied by J. E. Kreisand his good wife with their steam dye-works. ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. CHAPTER III. MARTHASVILLE.— 1843-45. The year 1844, marks a distinctive epoch. The settlement had grown somewhat, and the people became ambitious for a corporate name. Application was made to tlie Legislature for a charter, which was granted on December 23d, incorporating the village un- der the name of Marthasville, in compliment to the daughter of ex- Governor lumpkin, which distinguised gentleman had been con- spicuous in the development of railroad interests in the State. This may appear to have been quite fast for a community of ten familes at most ; but it should be regarded rather as the evidence, or first manifestation, of that spirit of enterprise and go-aheadativeness which afterwards became so distinctive an element of progress. In 1844 the chief attraction of Marthasville, next to the State Railroad, was an old tread saw-mill, run by Mr. J. Norcross, through the motive power of an old blind horse. This was our first factory. In 1845 there occurred three very noted events — one was the ap- pearance of The Lwfiinary, our first newspaper, shining forth un- der the editorship of Rev. Joseph Baker. Atlanta editors have always been preachers ; but, unfortunately for them and the city, their preaching has been too often at variance with the doctrines and morality of the first Atlanta editor. Another of these events was the completion of the entire line of the Georgia Railroad by its vigorous management — the first train running through from Augusta to Marthasville September i^th^ 1845, arriving about dark. Judge King, the President, was on board, with many others. In the midst of the excitement and crowd, Georgia came near losing one of the greatest railroad men which any State has produced. Judge King, in the darkness, was just about stepping into an open well, where he would have lost his life, when he was seized and drawn back. Unhappily, another man had not such good fortune, and falling into the well was ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 23 drowned ; so the day was marred by the occurrence of the first ac- cidental death on our records. The third event is the most striking. In previous years we have had evidence principally of material advancement, but during this year an enterprise was completed embracing all the elements of true progress — moral, mental and miterial. This was the erection, THE FIRST CHURCH AND SCHOOL HOUSE. by general subscription, of a small building for church and school purposes, in the angle made by Peachtree and Houston streets, diagonally across from the present First Methodist Church. It was used during the week as a school-house, and on Sunday as a church. In it the various denominations of Christians worshipped until their churches were erected ; and here was preached, prob- ably, the first sermon in the village, by Rev. Dr. J. S. Wilson, afterwards pastor of the First Presbyterian Church. Atlanta's first Sunday-school was organized in this log-house on the second Sunday in June, 1847. All denominations united in it, and it was known as the Atlanta Union Sabbath-school. The original record-book, containing the constitution, subscriptions, or% ganization, and history of each Sabbath meeting, is in the posses- sion of the present General Passenger Agent of the- Atlanta & Charlotte Air-Line Railway, Mr. W. J. Houston, who received it 24 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. from his father, Mr. Oswald Houston, who, with Mr. Jas. A. Col- lins, shared the first superintendency of the school. From these records it appears also that Robert M. Clarke was appointed Sec- retary and Treasurer, and R. M. Brown, Librarian. Edwin Payne, A. F. Luckie and A. E. Johnson were made a committee to solicit subscriptions. The list of names subscribing various amounts gives an idea of the people in the neighborhood : Jas. A. Collins, W. R. Venable, W. T. Bell, W. A. Harp, F. F. Hight, Wm! Printup, Mary J. Thompson, Jas. M. Ballard, M. A. Thompson, Wm. Henry Fernerdon, A. L. Houston, A. T. Luckie, W. b! Chapman, Geo. W. Thomason, A. B. Forsyth, Geo. Tomlinson, J, C. Linthicum, S. T. Downs, J. R. Wallace, and T. S. Luckie. In the following year a more extensive subscription to keep up the library includes the additional names of D. G. Daniell, J. Norcross, L. C. Simpson, "Miscellany," J. W. Evans, W. Buell, B. W. Bal- lard, David Thurman, H. Mattheson, H. A. Eraser, Thos. Rusk, Jas. McPherson, A. W. Walton, J. V. W. Rhodes, Samuel Wells! Joseph Thompson, S. Goodall, J. T. Burns, G. M. Troup Perry- man, H. C. Holcombe, Z. A. Rice, Geo. W. Cook, J. Wells, A. W. Wheat, J. W. Demby, W. L. Wright, H. M. Boyd, Haas & Levi, J. T.* Doane, W. H. Wilson, B. F. Bomar, A. E. Johnson, W. J. Hous- ton, F. Kicklighter, O. Houston, A. L. Houston, J. J. Smith, Wm. P. Orme. Logan E. Bleckley, A. Wooding, C. H. Yarborough, J. R. Crawford, R. J. Browne, Lewis Lawshe, W. L. Wingfield, and M. J. Ivy. On the 12th day of December, 1847, there were sev- enty scholars present. Among the names of these scholars, as among the names of the subscribers given, are recognized many well-known citizens of to-day. But the immediate village population in 1845 numbered onlv about a dozen families— perhaps one hundred men, women and children. Among these was Stephen Terry, dealer in real estate ; James Collins, a merchant, and father of the present Clerk of the Superior Court ; both of these gentlemen hving in good houses for those days ; Dr. George G. Smith, A. B. Forsyth, who kept a gro- cery ; Joseph Thomason, William Crawford and Harrison Bryant, workmen ; Jonathan Norcross, merchant, who boarded at the two- story frame-house heretofore mentioned, kept by a Mrs. Oslin ; and John Thrasher, who, having recuperated his courage, had retilrned ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 25 to the villag-e the preceding year. William Kile and the Ivy family lived about three quarters of a mile distant. There v^-ere two general stores, one kept by Collins & Loyd, and the other by A. B. Forsyth, for whom E. A. Werner clerked ; Kile had a small grocery, and Dunn had a bonnet and hat store. Among the improvements was a storehouse, erected by Mr. Norcross, upon the southwest corner of Marietta and Peachtree road, known since as the "Norcross corner." S. B. Hoyt was his clerk. The store of Collins & Loyd was built near the east end of the Passenger Depot by Loyd,who also resided in it; the house afterwards becom- ing a hotel, under the name of Washington Hall. 26 ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA. CHAPTER IV. CONTINUED PROGRESS.— 1846. The year 1846 ushered in the third great railroad event in the career of Marthasville. This was the arrival of a train from Macon, on the Macon & Western Railroad, which had just been completed. It was intended at first to build the depot of this road near the present round-house of the Western & Atlantic Railroad, and hence the embankment by the Mineral Spring, known as the "Monroe Road," that being the name of the Macon & Western before it changed hands. This intention of the management occasioned great excitement in the village. Those who had settled near the present passenger depot became alarmed, for fear that the junction of the two roads would become the business center of the future town. Hence they determined to induce the President of the Ma- con Road to abandon the original purpose, and make the junjtion and depot near the terminus of the State Road, or present General Passenger Depot. To do this, Mitchell offered ground for the depot, ^nd it was accepted. This was a turning point in the affairs of Marthasville, and fixed the location of the coming city ; but it proved an over-turning point for some of its people, among whom was "Cousin John Thrasher," who had bought one hundred acres in the vicinity of the first proposed depot of the Macon Road, but sold out in disgust, and at half cost, upon learning the "change of base." The property, which he thus disposed at four dollars per acre, he lives to see worth at least half a million. The completion of the Macon & Western Road was the occa- sion of the first mass-meeting of which we have any record, and among the speakers were Daniel Floyd and Mark A. Cooper. Three more newspapers made their appearance : The Democrat, by Dr. W. H. Fernerdon; The Enterprise, by Royal & Yarborough; and The Southern Miscelhuiy, by C. R. Hanleiter. . They were all short-lived. ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. It is not surprising that the villagers, buoyed up under the influ- ence of recent events, began to feel too large for a village incorpo- ation, and about'this time an effort was made to obtain a charter for a city. The effort failed, however, through the opposition of less ambitious citizens, who employed a lawyer to break it down. But in the following year, 1847, the attempt was successful, and the charter was obtained. In the meantime there was considerable progress, and the population probably reached, or exceeded, three hundred, according to the estimate of the late H. C. Holcombe, and others, with whom the author has conversed, A Methodist quar- terly meeting was held under a cotton-shed, there being no build- hig large enough for it. The Baptists began the building of a church edifice. I. O. & P. C. McDaniel built the first block of brick stores, the only other brick buildings being the Atlanta Hotel erec- ted by the Georgia Railroad the previous year, and the railroad de- pots. Atlanta Lodge No. 59 of Masons organized April 13th; Mount Zion Chapter No. 16 was chartered May 3d. There were other evidences of coming municipal greatness, among which might be meiuioned the appearance of the razor-strap man, who could be seen daily crying his wares from the top of a stump, near the pres- ent corner of Whitehall and Alabama streets. Despite all these prosperous indications, there were few who had any faith in the fu- ture of the town. Colonel Long, the chief engineer of the Georgia Railroad, thought Atlanta would never be more than a wood sta- tion, and made all his investments in Marietta. He expressed the opinion, according to Judge J. A. Hayden, that Atlanta, after the completion of the various railroads, would consist of a cross-roads store and a blacksmith shop. Partly to this want of confidence, and of the failure to secure the proposed charter providing for commis- sioners to lay out streets, is due the irregularity of our street system ; everybody building where he pleased, without reference to any plan. But there were a few men who did believe in a prosperous future. Among them was L. P. Grant, then attached to the engineer corps of the Georgia Railroad. About this time, also, the great John C. Calhoun, in passing through the town, prophesied that it would be- come the largest interior city of the South. A few years later, this same far-seeing statesman urged upon Joseph E. Brown, then stop- ping in Washington, on his way home from college, the propriety of making the embryo city his home ; but the young man's judg- ment was not then so good as afterward. ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. CHAPTER V. ATLANTA.— 1847-49. In 1846 J. Edgar Thompson, chief engineer of the Georgia Rail- road, in a letter to Mr. Richard Peters, also an engineer of the road, suggested Atlanta, as a better name for the terminus of the Wes- tern & Atlantic Railroad, deriving it from the word Atlantic, using the expression, "masculine, Atlantic — feminine, Atlanta." The de- pot was thus called until December 29th, 1847, when the Legisla- ture passed an act incorporating the "City of Atlanta ;" but the village had virtually adopted the name before, as evidenced by the fact that the Sunday-school started in June, 1847, was called the "Atlanta Union Sunday-school." The charter was drawn by J. Norcross, John Collier, and J, Vaughn. The first city election occurred Saturday January 29th, 1848, for Mayor and six Councilmen, and was held at "Kile's corner." It initia- ated the series of municipal excitements which have occurred annu- ally from that day until the adoption of the last charter. The first election brought out every voter, and the total poll was two hun- dred and fifteen, resulting in making Moses W. Formwalt the first Mayor of Atlanta, and the following six gentlemen Councilmen : Jonas S. Smith, Benj. F. Bomar, Robert W Ballard. Jas. A. Col- lins, Anderson W. Walton, and Leonard C. Simpson. Atlanta's first City Council met on Wednesday morning, February 2d, 1848. Fresh impetus was imparted to every material interest, and new life was infused into the body politic, manifesting itself in every direc- tion. Churches were organized, and houses of worship ascended. Societies were formed, new enterprises were inaugurated, and new businesses established. Better still, excellent people moved in. As this march of progress continued at an accelerating rate for several years, it will not be amiss to enter somewhat into details. In three years, five churches were organized and church edifices built. The Methodists had a hull of a church in which they were ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA. 29 holding services. Old Wesley Chapel was finished in a few years afterward. The Methodists were the first to hold services in their own building, but the Firt Baptist Church was the first finished- - in 1848 — under the pastorate of S. G. Daniel, and stood where the new one now stands, In this church the second anniversary of the Union Sabbath-school was held on the loth day of June, 1849, Rev. Dr. J. S. Wilson preaching the sermon. The First Presbyte- rian Church was organized by Rev. Dr. J. S. Wilson, in the old church school-house, in 1848, with nineteen members. Judge Cone, Major Terry, Richard Peters, and Julius Hayden were made a building committee, and upon a lot on Marietta street, presented by the first named gentleman, a church was erected, and dedicated July 4th, 1852. The First Episcopal Church — St. Phillips — was consecrated in 1848, by Bishop Elliott. The first rector was John J. Hunt, now of Marietta, through whose efforts, chiefly, the church was organized and the house built. The Catholics held their first public services in 1848, in the school-house. Rev. Mr. Ouinn offi- ciating. They at once began the erection of a building, which was completed in 1848. Organizations for various purposes were formed. The first lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows — Central Lodge No. 28 — was organized October 7th, 1848. The first fire company — Atlanta No. i — was organized March 24th, 1851. The compa- ny's first building was erected in 1855. The Knights of Jericho organized their first lodge Nov. 6th, 1852. Among the new enter- prises started were a large flouring mill by Richard Peters, and an extensive foundry and machine shop by Winship in 1851. The first job office was started by C. R. Hanleiter. All the newspaper enterprises having failed, in 1849 ^ number of gentle- men concluded that so promising a town ought to have at least one journal. Z. A. Rice, J. Norcross, J. O. McDaniel, B. F. Bomar, and perhaps others, bought a press and started the Intelligencer, out of which in time grew the Daily Intelligencer. The first daily was started in 1853 by Kay & Ramsey and was called the Daily Examiner. It was a five-column folio. It was printed at first on a hand press, but afterward a power press was bought for it in Knoxville. Mr. A. P. Prince, now living in Atlanta, was the first foreman and printed the first number. 30 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. Among the citizens gained about this time, were Er Lawshe in 1848, John Silveyin 1849, and G. J. Foreacre, then a conductor on the Macon and Western Road, in 1850. Improvements in realty were numerous. The Georgia Railroad round-house was completed in 1850, and Messrs. Austin, Wright, Dunning, and other citizens put up handsome residences. One of the grand events contributing to this era of prosperity, was the completion of the State Railroad, December ist, 1849. Three years afterward, the Atlanta and West Point Railroad into Alabama was finished, being chiefly constructed by the Georgia Rail- road Company ; Mr. John P. King becoming president, and Mr. W. P. Orme becoming secretary, treasurer, and auditor. Thus was added another arm of strength to the rising young city. It is true that the building of the last mentioned road alarmed some, upon the idea that it would enable cotton to pass through to Augusta that was now wagoned to Atlanta. It did so operate for a few years, but in all other particulars it proved only another feeder to the young giant which was fast developing a muscular power destined to thrust aside all its rivals, and pass them in the race for commercial prosperity and metropolitan dimensions. In fact, with the completion of these roads, Atlanta needed but one other ele- ment of success to assure a triumphant career, and that was the element of pluck, energy, and enterprise in its inhabitants. To what enormous extent they possessed this element of success, will readily appear in the course of their history. Their railway sys- tem, though not complete, was sufficiently so to secure superiority, and to justify the prediction of John C. Calhoun and the bright visions of its most sanguine citizens. Farther on, in the progress of this work, the railroad system and history of Atlanta will be set forth more in detail. ILL US TRA TED A TLA NT A . 3 1 CHAPTER VI. AN ERA OF CRIME. Taking as a basis the vote cast in ttie first municipal election, and considering that in all newly-settled countries the proportion of women and children is always small, the population of Atlanta in January, 1848, at the beginning of its municipal career, may be safely estimated at about five hundred. This population was largely composed of workmen, employed by the various railroad companies, and adventurers, who are always to be found in new settlements. If to these be added a liberal sprinkling of desperate characters, ever hunting opportunities to better their fortunes by playing upon the ignorance and passions of men, it will readily ap- pear that, among our first people, there was a strong element of rowdyism and lawlessness. Among men, many of whom were without the reptraining influence of family ties, and destitute of the civilizing refinements of a settled society and social system, it was natural that crime should riot, and humanity* should develop its lowest and most loathsome traits. This class in Atlanta fiercely opposed the imposition of municipal restraints, and the chartering of the city was simply a declaration of war between them and the lovers of law and order. On Decatur street, between the Collier or drug-store corner and the present Pryor street, was a lot of huts known as " Murrell's Row," in the back-yards of which gamb- ling and cock-fighting were constantly engaged in. There had been gradually built up two suburban villages of huts on the west- ern and eastern borders of the city, known by the euphonious names of Slab Town and Snake Nation. In these villages pre- vailed almost every species of idle, vicious, and criminal amuse- ment. The denizens of these villages, being in a majority, had suc- cessfully resisted every effort to subject them to the restraints of the law and its penalties, and they lorded it with a high hand over the better citizens. This was one of the inspirations of the new 32 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. charter, as well as the ambition for larger things. The charter^ was not obtained too soon. It needed all the machinery of munic- ipal government, and all the power of municipal authority, to maintain the public peace and protect the lives and property of the citizens. Good laws were enacted by the city council, munici- pal courts were instituted, and a city prison, called a calaboose, was built. It may not be uninteresting to describe, in passing, this first abode of Atlanta's evil-doe-s. It was made of hewn timber, three logs thick, being about twelve feet square on the outside, or some eight feet square on the interior. A novel jail delivery oc- curred very soon, in this fashion : a number of able-bodied friends of imprisoned offenders lifted the structure bodily, allowing the inmates to crawl " from under." As may be imagined, this was not a very formidable affair ; still it served the ordinary purposes of confinement. The municipal laws, courts, and prisons were speedily in opera- tion. The lawless characters resisted and defied, in all possible ways, the restraints of law and decent society. The struggle be- tween the good and evil elements continued, with varying success : the force of municipal law was sometimes weakened by the elec- tion, through sheer numerical advantage, of men representative of, or friendly to, the evil-doers. Municipal authority was evaded dur- ing the day by countless subterfuges, sometimes by boldfaced violence ; and at night the streets of the city frequently resounded with wild shoutings and the reports of fire-arms. In 185 1 Jonathan Norcross, the candidate of the merchants and better class of peo- ple, was elected Mayor, with an excellent board of Councilmen, among whom was Julius A. Hayden. This further incensed the law-breakers, and brought matters to a culmination. Open violence was resorted to, and the authority of the municipal court forcibly defied. Growing bolder in their desperation, t\ey planted a cannon by night in front of the Mayor's store, and gave him written notice to resign his office or quit the city. The crisis had arrived, and with it the time for summary action. The Mayor and Council issued an address to the citizens, and they assembled at a given hour, thoroughly armed. The law-breakers had gathered in force, but their courage failed them, and all, who had not dispersed in ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 33 "^time, surrendered without resistance, They were at once cala- boosed, and on the following day were tried and sentenced. This decisive action established the supremacy of the municipal authority and of the law-abiding class of citizens. Still, lawless- ness and indecency were only limited within their own precincts and *'Snake Nation" in particular. Its scenes of shame and carousal became finally unbearable. A body of disguised citizens assaulted it by night, and driving out the inmates, visited, by axe and torch, so complete a destruction upon the village of filthy huts, that "Snake Nation" was never rebuilt. Er Lawshe was one of the assaulting party, being always ready to respond to the call of the authorities for such needful work. He has a graphic recollection of the assault. From that day, though there were occasional ascendencies of the worst classes, mainly through unfortunate divisions among the better people, law and order reigned triumphant. 34 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. CHAPTER VII ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT. It is interesting to note some of the accidents and incidents of this period. /■"^ The first homicide of the city occurred in 1848. A man by the /name of McWilliams was stabbed and killed by Bill Terrell, who ran away and escaped. The second, of which we have any record, was the murder of Wilburne by Bird, who was found guilty, but was pardoned by the Legislature. In 1850 occurred the first fire. The building burned was located near about the present place of John Stephens, on Alabama Street. Several bales of cotton were also burned at the same time» in a ware-house in another part of the city. As the money-drawer of the Georgia Railroad depot was broken open on the same night and robbed, it was generally believed that these fires were incendi- ary, with the object of creating favorable opportunities for theft. The cemetery, then lying along Peachtree street, near the pres- ent residence of N, J. Hammond, was removed in 1850 to its present location. The city had enjoyed, for several years, railroad banking agen- cies ; but the first regular bank of the city was organized by Mr. George Smith, of Chicago, with a capital of $300,000. under the management of Mr. J. R. Valentine. The first lawyer was L. C. Simpson ; John T. Wilson was a stu- dent in his office. A number of the well-known citizens of to-day became such about this time : among others, C. W. Hunnicutt, in 1848; J. M. Holbrook, in 1852; G. T. Dodd, in 1853; Daniel Pittman, L. J. Gartrell, L. J, Glenn, A. J. McBride, in 1854. The Christian Church was organized in 1852, by State Evangel- ist Daniel Hood, with six ©r eight members, and their first church was erected the following year. ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 35 A Sabbath-school, organized in 1853, by Green B. Haygood and Willis F. Peck, proved the nucleus of Trinity Methodist Church. Green B. Haygood, chairman, Joseph Winship, Edwin Payne, and Dr. George Smith were appointed a building committee. A lot was purchased on the Court-house square, and old Trinity was speedily built; Bishop Andrew dedicating it in Sept?ember, 1854, and Rev. J. P. Duncan preaching the first sermon. The Second Baptist Church was organized in 1854, by nineteen members of the First Baptist Church. These were Mrs. Lipman, Dr. B. F. Bomar, Mrs. B. F. Bomar, Thomas Veasey, Francis H. Coleman, Mrs. Sherburne, John M. Myres and wife, Mrs. Krogg, Mrs. Wells, T. W. West and wife, Mr. and Mrs. Oglesby, I. O. McDaniel and wife, R. J. McDaniel, P. E. McDaniel and wife, and Nancy B. McDaniel ; a majority of the nineteen being females. Yet a church was soon built, costing about $13,000. 36 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. CHAPTER VIII. CONTINUED GROWTH.— 1854-60. The year 1854 found Atlanta a busy and growing little city of 6,025 souls, according to the figures of the census. The average annual increase of population, for several years past, had been about one thousand. There were about sixty stores, and the sales of goods ran up to one and a half millions of dollars. This was a fine showing and its presentation here will enable us to see, by comparison, the continued progress of the next six ye ^rs, or up to the period of the war. For, notwithstanding a commercial crisis in 1857 and 1858, the growth of the city was steady and substantial, so much so that the United States census of i860 proved Atlanta to be, in size, the fourth city of the State. Casual glances at the de- velopment of business, the march of improvement, and accession to the population, will disclose some of the successive steps in the career of prosperity. First of all, should be noted the accesssions of valuable men, for, as before intimated, Atlanta owes its remarkable career of prosperity to no agency more than the character of its citizens. Among these — in 1854 came Dr. J. P. Logan, M. Cole, and Thomas M. Clarke, which latter gentleman, with Mr. Gilbert, opened the first exclu- sively hardware store in Atlanta, the failure of which in three month's time was freely predicted; in 1855, David H. Dougherty; in 1856, L. Bellingrath, and A. Bellingrath ; in 1857, E. E. Rawson ; in 1858, John Keely, J.C. Peck ; in 1859, A. C. and B. F. Wyly, W. B. Cox, J. Morrison, and John M. Clarke ; in i860, A. Morrison. Of course mention can be made of only a few of the valuable citizens gained during this period, for there were many. In 1854 the City Hall and Court House, 70x100 feet, two stories high, was begun, and finished the ensuing year, at a cost of at least ^30,000. The old Athenaeum, also, was built by S. J. Williams, In 1857 Er Lawshe erected a store on Whitehall street. In 1858' ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 37 38 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. • nineteen brick stores were erected. In 1859 as many more stores were built, among them a block on Marietta street, by J. Norcross ; a store on Whitehall street by McNaught & Scrutchins ; a planing mill was built by J. C. Peck ; and among the residences one by Er Lawshe, on Peachtree street, and one by E. E. Rawson, on Pryor street, remarkable for its extensive grounds, lovely terraces, and forest trees. Important new enterprises were inaugurated and established. Among them was the formation of a company for the manufacture of gas, and the city was lighted with it December 25th, 1855. In the Spring of 1855 the Atlanta Medical College entered upon an ac- tive existence by a course of lectures in the City Hall, and in the following July the corner-stone of its present building was laid, and the building was occupied the following year. Thirty-two students were graduated the first term. In 1856 the Bank of Fulton was established by Alfred Austell and E. W. Holland, with a capital of $125,000. One of the grand- est movements of this period was that started in 1857, in favor of another railroad, the Air-Line, of which more anon. Among the many new firms entering business were P. & G. T. Dodd, grocers, and Silvey & Dougherty, general merchandise, in 1856. In 1859 A. C. & B. F. Wyly commenced and established the first wholesale grocery business, building a fine store-house for the purpose. Rawson, (E, E.) Gilbert «& Burr entered the dry goods trade, and John H. James began the banking business in a Whitehall street window. From 1854 to 1859, churches, societies, and organizations of varied purpose increased numerously. In 1858 the Central Pres- byterian Church organized with thirty-nine members, Dr. J. P. Logan and John Ray being the ruling elders. Rev. John W. Baker filled the pulpit, that year, and Rev. J. L. Rogers was in- stalled the year following. A Young Men's Christian Association organized in 1857 or 1858, with Sidney Root, President; Lewis Lawshe, John Clarke, J. Hill Davis, and M. C. Cole, Vice-Presi- dents. In 1858 the Hibernian Benevolent Society organized, under B. T. Lamb, President. The Masons organized Jason Burr Coun- cil April 26, 1855; Fulton Lodge No. 216, October, 1857; Coeur de Leon Commandery No. 4, May, 1859. The Independent Order ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 39 of Odd Fellows organized Empire Encampment No. 12 in i860. The Gate City Guards, our first military company, organized June 8th, 1857, with the following officers : George H. Thompson, Cap- tain ; Wm. L. Ezzard, First Lieutenant; S. W. Jones, Second Lieu- tenant ; John /H. Lovejoy, Third Lieutenant; James L. Lewis, First Sergeant ; Wilson Ballard. Second Sergeant ; Willis P. Chisolm, Third Sergeant; James H. Purtell, Fourth Sergeant; Thomas M. Clarke. First Corporal ; Jas. E. Butler, Second Cor- poral ; E. Holland, Third Corporal ; Joseph Thompson, Jr., Fourth Corporal ; -James F. Alexander, Surgeon ; Daniel Pittman, Secretary and Treasurer. This brief survey may be concluded with a mention of another evidence of metropolitan ideas and growth appearing in 1859: Atlanta's first directory, compiled by Williams and published by M. Lynch, well-known member of the present book firm of Lynch & Thornton, at that time running Kay's book store. It contains a fine sketch of Atlanta from the pen of Green B. Haygood, a prominent citizen and self-made lawyer, father of Rev. Atticus G. Haygood, President of Emory College. Of this Directory it may be said that, except in the matter of mechanical execution, it is very little inferior to similar works at the present day. It is brim- full of information, and is exceedingly interesting. Many of the prominent business names of that day have disappeared ; while many, prominent now, were then in a very different kind of busi- ness. Still there are familiar names of men, who had already, in that day, attained prominence in lines of business in which to-day they are recognized princes. This first Directory also fur- nishes striking evidence of another powerful agency in the pros- perity of Atlanta. It contains nearly fifty pages of advertising, and about one hundred advertising cards. Few things have done more for Atlanta than this persistent determination, on the part of its business men, to thoroughly advertise their city and their busi- ness to the world. The Directory also shows that the men who afterward achieved great success in business were those who ad- vertised most fully and actively. At the opening of this chapter, the population and business of the city in 1854 were stated. Williams' Directory furnishes us with a summary of progress during the period through which this 40 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. chapter has glanced. April ist, 1859, the population amounted, according to State census, to 11,500; the assessed value of real estate in the same year, to $2,760,000 : and the sale of goods to about $3,000,000. Thus, in five years, there was an increase, in population, of 5,000, and in sales, of about $1,500,000. This comparison shows that the city had just about doubled itself, both in population and business. The dry goods trade, particularly, began to expand, and sales were made over an area of at least one hundred miles around, "on terms as favorable," it was claimed, " as could be had in the retail markets of the great Northern cities, New York itself not excepted." The United States census, taken the following year, i860, placed Atlanta, in population, the fourth city of the State. The population in 1861, at the beginning of the war between the States, was about 13,000. ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. ^\ CHAPTER IX THE WAR PERIOD.— 1861-5. In 1 86 1, Atlanta received its -first check in its onward career. The war between the States commencing this year, brought the march of improvement to a perfect standstill. But as in every other period or contingency of its history, that which was at first a check, became a great impetus. The cessation of growth was, in fact, more apparent than real. While building operations were discontinued, the population steadily increased ; and while business was paralyzed in some departments, in others it acquired a new vigor and greater proportions. These statements are verified by the official figures and facts of the time. That the life and business of the city should feel some paralysis was quite natural, for many of its master spirits withdrew them- selves from the avenues of labor and trade, and cast their fortunes upon the tented field. If space and the scope of this history per- mitted, a very long list of now familiar names might be mentioned in this connection ; some achieving high rank, and many honoring their city none the less, though in the ranks of the private soldier. The professional, the mercantile, and the mechanic classes were very greatly depleted, and Atlanta depopulated, for years, of a host of its best citizens. But despite the temporary loss to the city of brain and labor, both the population and aggregate of business in- creased. There was a constant influx of people, some drawn through the operation of the old attractions, and many through the circumstances and exigencies of the times. Atlanta became one of the military centres and supply depots of the Southern Confederacy. The manufacture of arms, ammunition and war material in general, was conducted upon the most exten- sive scale. There were many other manufactures, as for instance those of alcohol, vinegar and spirits of nitre, by Bellingrath, of the firm of Hunnicutt & Bellingrath, for the Confederate Government. 42 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. ILL US TRA TED ATLANTA. 43 In 1862, the city passed under martial law, and at once became the headquarters of Confederate quartermasters and commissaries. It was made, too, a chief hospital point. Several hotels, the Medi- cal College, Female Institute building and others, were used for hospitals and store-houses. It is probable that in these hospitals from time to time, were treated and nursed at least 75,000 Con- federate sick and wounded. These different enterprises required the labor of a large force of men, and heavy expenditures of money, which stimulated trade. The prominence and importance of Atlanta as one of the great work shops and supply depots of the Confederacy led to one of the most daring individual feats of the war. TheWestern & Atlantic Rail- road to Chattanooga was the main line of transportation to the Con- federate armies in Tennessee and Mississippi. This road has thirteen bridges. A man by the name of Andrews formed the idea of pen- etrating to the neighborhood of Atlanta with picked men, captur- ing an out-going train, and burning all the bridges. He obtained twenty odd men, fourteen of them soldiers detailed from their com- mand for the work, and the rest volunteers. On the 12th of April, i862they made their attempt. At Marietta, twenty miles from Atlanta, they boarded a passenger train,disguised in citizens clothes, claiming to be refugees, and paying their way to different points. The train stopped for breakfast at Big Shanty, seven miles from Marietta. Here Capt. W. A. Fuller, the conductor, and all the train men went into the breakfast house about fifty feet from the track. Anthony Murphy, the foreman of the Road's shop, and Jeff Cain the engineer, were sitting near to Fuller, when he called their at- tention to the fact that some parties had boarded the engine and moved off with three freight cars, having uncoupled the rest. They leaped to their feet and rushed out, only to see the engine going out of sight. Fuller thought that the train thieves were deserters from a Confederate recruiting camp at Big Shanty, who would run to a safe distance and then abandon the engine. He started in pursuit on foot. At a station two miles from Big Shanty, a party of track hands gave him such information as convinced him at once that the engine-captors were Federal soldiers. Taking the hand- car from the track men, and going back a short distance, he picked up Mr. Murphy and the engineer and then pushed forward in pur- 44 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. suit. He knew that not far ahead he must meet Atlanta-bound trains, when he could secure an engine. He knew also that the fugitives would have to contend at Kingston, a short distance ahead, with freight trains which would detain them. Fuller finally got an engine as he expected, and the chase began in earnest. There were tremendous difficulties on both sides. The fugitives had not only to lose time in passing trains, but had also to secure the privilege of passing by plausible conduct. On the part of the pursuers the greatest difficulty was the encountering of obstacles THE OLD ATLANTA HOTEL IN 1862. upon the track, and the track itself at times so torn up as to force abandonment of their engine, and a new pursuit on foot till another engine was met. The flight and pursuit were thus con- tinued, the telegraph wires being constantly cut between stations to prevent their use, till Dalton was reached and passed — one hundred miles from Atlanta. But here Fuller got a dispatch through to Chattanooga before the wire was cut, and pressing on, soon again came insight of the fugitives trying to tear up the track. Off they ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 45 started, and the engines flew like the wind over the track. Soon- the fleeing engine began to fag for want of fuel, and the men leap- ed from her and took to the woods and scattered. Fuller sent back word to a regiment at Ringgold and men were mounted and sent to scour the woods. Captain Fuller, with Murphy, Cox and Martin, nothing daunted, again continued the pursuit on foot. The fi- nal result was the capture of the entire party. Andrews, the leader, was tried, convicted and hung as a spy, and so were the eleven vol- unteers. The detailed soldiers were discharged. The feat was one of great daring, and was so adroitly managed that it would have succeeded but for the indomitable spirit and clear-headed tactics of Captain W. A. Fuller the conductor. This gen. tleman is now a quiet, pleasant-faced grocery merchant on Marietta street, where he may be found any day "sticking to his business" as he did with such splendid success on that memoriable 12th of April, 1862. From the operation of the various causes mentioned the ^ population of Atlanta continued to increase, until a short time previous to the Federal captuie of the city, in 1864, it reached the figure of about 20,000. At the immediate moment of that event, there were not more than 12,000 citizens — men, women and chil- dren — as all had left who could well do so. On the 9th of July, 1864, the Confederate army under General Joseph E. Johnston, and the Federal army under General William T. Sherman, had both reached the Atlanta side of the Chattahoo- chee, which runs within nine miles of the city. Four or five days later, the bombardment of the city was commenced, and continued almost incessantly until September ist. The scenes which followed may be imagined, but not readily described. Shells were thrown into the city day and night, doing their work of death, and constant- ly setting the city on fire. Our firemen were thus kept busy in ef- forts to extinguish the flames, .and the women and children and non-combatants were frequently forced to retire to improvised bomb-proofs, behind walls and in" the ground, for the preservation of life. Around the city the ground was seamed with entrench- ments and earthen fortifications, some extending within the corpo- rate limits of the city. About these, fierce battles were fought, and many a brave soldier laid down his life. 46 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA, On the 1 8th of July, the forces of General Sherman, aggregating 100,000 effective men, began an encircling march toward Atlanta. His right, under Thomas, formed line of battle along Peachtree Creek a few miles to the north of Atlanta, his centre under Scho- field reaching in the direction of Decatur, on the Georgia Railroad, six miles from Atlanta, and his left under McPherson swinging round upon the same railroad between Decatur and Stone Moun- tain, striking it about four miles from Stone Mountain and six miles from Decatur. Gen. Hood, who had succeeded Gen. Johnston in command of the Confederate army numbering some 45,000 men, believing that Sherman's forces under Schofield and McPherson were so far beyond supporting distance that the whole Confederate army could be hurled upon Thomas, and after crushing him, be thrown upon the left wing about Decatur, made his dispositions accordingly. This led to the battle of Peachtree Creek, July 20th. The Federal troops were at first driven in confusion, but from some cause the assault was partial, and the Confederate forces were finally forced back with considerable loss. Determining to make one more el tort to save Atlanta, Hood, on the 22d, two days later, attempted the same tactics as on the 20th, striking this time Sherman's extreme left, under McPherson, about Decatur. The attack was at first very successful, throwing the Federal troops into great disorder, and capturing many guns and thousands of prisoners. But by the most stubborn fighting, and the partial failure of the Confederate flank movement on Decatur a rout was prevented. The loss was heavy on both sides, amount- ing to about thirty thousand killed and wounded. Each'army lost a distinguished officer. Early in the battle. General McPherson, commanding the army of the Tennessee, Sherman's left wing, in attempting to reach his troops after the assault was begun, (he being at th« moment with General Sherman) ran upon a line of Confederates, and in wheeling to escape was shot dead, in a skirt of woods between Atlanta and Decatur. On the Confederate side Major-General Walker was killed near the same spot, while leading his division into battle. Failing of complete victory. Hood had now to content himself with holding Atlanta. This he was enabled to do without other than ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 47 detached fighting from day to day till September ist., when Sher- man having cut his only remaining railroad line, the one to Macon, Atlanta was evacuated after a siege of nearly two months. On the following day Mayor James M. Calhoun, with a com- mittee of citizens, including E. E. Rawson of the city council, pro- ceeded to the Federal camp, and upon surrendering the city asked protection for non-combatants and private property, which was promised. On the same day. September 2d., the Eederal troops en- tered and took possession of the city. FEliERAL CAMP IN CITY PARK. Two days later, September 4th, General Sherman issued an or- der, requiring the departure of all citizens within eight days, save such as were in the employ of the Federal government. Those who did not choose to go South were sent North. An armistice of ten days was concluded between Generals Hood and Sherman to carry this order into execution. The people were permitted to take away a certain amount of property, and, with the slight means of transportation at hand, even this could be done only with diffi- 48 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. culty. By an agreement between General Sherman and Mayor Calhoun, considerable furniture was collected and deposited in the old Trinity Methodist Church ; but the larger part of this was after- wards lost through depredatioQ, and the great bulk of private prop- erty was necessarily abandoned at the outset. This forcible expulsion of twelve thousand men, women and chil- dren from their homes, almost entirely without means, produced terrible hardships and intense suffering. Mayor Calhoun", Coun- cilmen E. E. Rawson and Wells, on the part of the citizens, earn- estly petitioned for a revocation of the order, but to no effect. For the same purpose, an Episcopal clergyman of Atlanta had an in- RUINS OF THE PASSENGER DEPOT. terview with Sherman, at which the latter said to him : "Fortune of war, sir ; fortune of war ! I want this place for a citadel, and want no white citizens in it !" November i6th Sherman commenced his march to the sea. Be- fore doing so, however, the destruction of the city was completed. What could not be consumed by fire was blown up, torn down, or otherwise destroyed. No city during th.e war was so nearly anni- hilated. The center of the city, or business locality, was an entire ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 49 mass of ruins — there being but a solitary structure standing on our main street, Whitehall, between its extreme commercial limits. At least three-fourths of the buildings in the city were destroyed, the remainins; number consisting chiefly of dwelling houses. The very few buildings of any consequence spared in the general ruin were saved through intercession, contingency or accident. Rev. Father O'Reilly was instrumental in saving the Catholic and several Pro- testant church edifices, and also the City Hall. The Medical College was saved through the effort of Dr. N. D'Alvigny. Atlanta was thus left a scene of charred and desolate ruins, the home of half-starved and half-wild dogs, and of carrion fowls feed- ing upon refuse and the decaying carcasses of animals. Such was the spectacle that greeted the eyes of Er Lawshe, and other citizens who returned to the city in December, 1864. 50 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. CHAPTER X. REOCCUPATION AND REBUILDING OF THE CITY— 1865-72. The third great era in the history of Atlanta was introduced by the rehabilitation of its people in 1865, and the rapid reconstruc- tion of the homes and places of business, beginning in the spring of 1865, or about the close of the war. The two military measures — the one depopulating the city, the other destroying it — inflicted a calamity as terrible as was ever ex- perienced by an American city, even in the revolutionary times of 1776. The desolation was utter ; but marvelous as had been its career up to its capture, the resurrection of Atlanta from its ashes, by a people moneyless as well as homeless, with thousands of wid- ows and orphans thrown upon their care, is more marvelous still in the rapidity with which the city not only recovered its former pro- portions, but sped far ahead of them. As previously stated, the people began returning in November and December, 1864. Before the end of the year 1865, the old citi- zens had very generally returned, and many others came who, ruined by the war, determined to seek new homes and begin afresh. In 1866 it was ascertained, through a census, that Atlanta, despite the losses of war, had already regained and passed the highest fig- ure of its population anterior to the Confederate evacuation, and that it contained 20,228 people — the city limits being enlarged, by the Legislature of that year, to three miles in diameter in every di- rection. The United States census of 1870 established the fact that Atlanta was the second city in the State, Savannah alone ex- ceeding it in population. To the return of the old population, with their old character- istics intensified by an almost total loss of property, is chiefly due the restoration to former prosperity with a rapidity rarely, if ever, paralleled in American history. Appreciating the situation, they ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 51 resolutely set'to work to rebuild their fortunes. Did the scope of a general history allow, it would be pleasant to recount the story of individual effort. Every class proved true to its antecedent career. The lawyer, the merchant, and the mechanic, all went to work with a will. Conspicuous examples of merchants and me- chanics, and of professional men. could be numerously cited. Among the new citizens acquired during this period will be rec- ognized many who have attained official, social and business prom- inence. At first the re- building was in a haphazard manner, and hundreds of wooden and brick shanties were erected out of the debris of the ruins — in many instances the owners putting their own hands to the work, clearing away the rubbish and picking out the material fit for use. Er Lawshe set up the first store- house on Whitehall street by the removal of a little one-story building from an- other part of the city; and this was done by many others. The scarcity of buildings made rents enormous, and building materials were equally high. This state of things continued for several years. By 1869 and 1870, however, matters had settled down to a more solid basis. Splendid residences and stores began to rise, and many of the shanties were pulled down and replaced by massive structures. In the years 1869, 1870, 1871 and 1872, building operations were immense, embracing stores, residences and public houses. In 1865 John H. James built his banking house, and McNaught & Scrutchins WALTON STREET RESIDENCE. 52 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. their store on Whitehall street, and J. C. Peck rebuilt his plan-> ing mill. In the same year, also, Mr. O. H. Jones, Marshal of the city in 1864, built fine livery stables for the accommodation of the greatly increasing stock trade he had established. In 1 868 the Third Baptist church was built by liberal contributions of Governor Brown and others. In 1869 E. E. Rawson rebuilt his store on Whitehall street ; Moore & Marsh finished a magnificent 36 by 185 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 53 :storeon Decatur street ; John H. James built his famous residence' now the Governor's Mansion, on Peachtree street, at a cost of $70.- •000, and began a block on Whitehall street. In 1870 Louis DeGive built the Opera House, which Forrest, Booth, and other great ac- tors, pronounce unsurpassed in acoustic properties ; the corner-stone of the Catholic Church was laid by Father Ryan ; the Fourth Bap- tist Church was built by John H. James ; the Kimball House, one ■of the largest hotels in the United States, was built by H. I. Kim- ball, at a cost of nearly half a million dollars; B. F. Wyly built a handsome residence on Washington street. In 1871 at least four hundred buildings went up, among them the Republic Block, built by ex-Governor Brown, Judge O. A. Lochraneand others, on Pryor street; the Austell building, on Decatur street ; the Union Passen- ger Depot, one of the largest and finest^iron depots in the United States, jointly constructed by the railroad companies. In 1872 an- other church — the Fifth Baptist — was built by John H. James ; a three-story building on Broad street, by ex-Governor Brown ; a splendid 52 by 140 feet slate bank- vault, agricultural warehouse, by Mark W. Johnson ; a building for his hardware business, by Thomas M. Clarke, and numerous residences. Business advanced at an equal pace. The old commercial houses were reestablished, banks were reorganised, and the old manu- facturing enterprises were resuscitated. Trade rapidly filled up old channels, and overflowing the banks, made many new outlets. The monetary needs of the people were, of course, very press- ing, and banking facilities were speedily forthcoming. In 1865 John H. James recommenced his banking business ; the Georgia National Bank opened, John Rice, President, and E. L. Jones, Cash- ier ; followed, 1866, by the Atlanta National Bank, with a capital since raised to $300,000 ; in 1868 by the Georgia Trust Company, with a capitalof $125,000 ; in 1872 by the State National, now Mer- chant's Bank ; and in 1873, by the Citizens', and State of Georgia. Among the businesses established and reestablished were, in 1866, wholesale groceries by Jas. R. Wylie and P. & G. T. Dodd J hardware by Tommey, Stewart & Beck ; wholesale crockery by A. J. McBride. In 1868 the Atlanta Daily Constitution newspa- per was started by Col. Carey W. Styles. In 1870 J. Morrison. A. Morrison and D. M. Bain established a new hardware store 54 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. under the firm name of Morrison, Bain & Co. Before the war J. C. McMillan and H. Y. Snow began a wholesale and retail grocery- business. Snow started out again at the close of the war upon a salary of a half bushel of meal per day (worth twenty-five cents) in a southern Georgia mill, and McMillan, with equal pluck, went to work, and they reestablished that business. Very nat- urally the expansion of trade and great influx of population en- hanced the value of real estate, and increased prices brought upon the market a large and increasing amount of property, which was eagerly purchased by speculators in the city and from abroad, as well as by non-residents. This proved one of the most fruitful sources of revenue to an impoverished people, and at the same time built up a comparatively new business, which in a few years assumed immense proportions. In 1868 George W. Adair opened a bureau for the sale and exchange of real estate property. In the six years following, prices ran up to enormous and most unhealthy figures — millions of dollars changed hands. In 1873 came a new arm of progress — the Air-Line Railroad. As early as 1857, the growing wants of the city suggested to en- terprising citizens the propriety of increased railroad facilities, and the opening of new lines of transportation into undeveloped sec- tions. The agitation of the Air-Line Railroad followed. Ex- IVIayor Norcross was the recognized leader in this movement, ably assisted by James M. Calhoun, L. J. Gartrell and others, and ob- tained a charter. In 1859, Mr. Norcross was made President of the road, and was mainly instrumental in obtaining a subscription of several hundred thousand dollars along its proposed line. In 1858 the city of Atlanta subscribed $300,000. Grading contracts were made, and in 1863 work was commenced. The war, and other causes suspended operations. In 1866 the citizens of Atlanta, in a large public meeting, endorsed the road. The company had been reorganized, work was recommenced in 1869, the road was completed in August, 1873, ^f^d in September, trains were running upon a regular schedule. Thus Atlanta became the market for an entirely new region of great and constantly developing' resources. During these years still another field of business enterprise was extensively opened up, becoming one of the chief contributors to Atlanta's prosperity. In 1859 it was claimed that dry goods were ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 55 sold for one hundred miles around ; but not until since the war did the wholesale business develop into a distinct element of the city's progress. This was also true of the cotton trade, which, in 1867, showed receipts of only 17,000 bales, but at once began an upward career. The religious, moral, social and educational progress of this period was equally gratifying ; the number of religious organiza- tions largely increased, some of which may be mentioned. June 17th, 1867, the Hebrew Synagogue was organized from the old Hebrew Benevolent Association — Mr. Jacob Steinheimer first offi- ciating. In the same year the Loyd Street Methodist Episcopal Church was organized, and in 1870 and 1872 the Fourth and Fifth Baptist Churches followed, In the year 1870 Payne's and St. Paul's (Methodist) appeared. Educational and society organiza- tions were so numerous that separate chapters will be devoted to them. $6 ILL US TEA TED A TLANTA . CHAPTER XL BIRTH AND GROWTH OF ASSOCIATIONS.— 1865-72. Association is one of the essential elements of progress, and wherever this principle is found in active operation, great develop- ment will also be discovered. So numerous was the organization of societies during this period — from the close of the war to the commercial crisis of 1873 — that it might be appropriately termed an era of association. Outside of educational institutions, and the mere utilitarian partnerships, combinations and corporations for business ends, great activity manifested itself in the establishment of societies and organizations for literary, social and benevolent purposes; and to the -Matter this chapter will be devoted. In 1867 the Young Men's Library Association began its existence. Several attempts had been made in previous years, to establish a library, but had failed. This effort originated with D. G. Jones, then teller of th9 Georgia National Bank. He laid the subject before the author of this book, who became heartily interested. A young lawyer — Henry Jackson — was next consulted, and the three agreed upon the call of a meeting. This occurred in the room of Archi- tect Parkins, over the Georgia National Bank, on the night of July 30th. There were present at the first meeting, Albert Hape, J. R. Barrick, D. G. Jones, C. P. Freeman, E. Y. Clarke, A. R. Watson, John R. Kendrick, W. H. Parkins, Henry Jackson, Ed. H. Jones, W. D. Luckie and C. H. Davidge. A temporary organization was effected by the election of J. R. Barrick, chairman, and A. R. Wat- son, secretary. It was unanimously resolved to form a Library As- sociation, and D. G. Jones, Henry Jackson and E. Y. Clarke were appointed a committee to draft a constitution. On the following Monday night (August 5th) this committee reported the constitu- tion, which was discussed but not acted upon. The question of rooms was considered, with the conclusion to continue, for the present, in the room of Mr. Parkins— returning thanks to Henry ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. - 57 Jackson for the proffer of his office. By resolution of E. Y. Clarke. Rev. R. A. Holland was invited to lecture for the Association. At the third meeting, on Monday night, August 12th, A. R. Watson in the chair /rtf. tern., and W. D. Luckie, secretary /r^*. tern., the con- stitution, as reported, was adopted. It declared that the name and style of the association Shall be " The Young Men"s Library Asso- ciation of the City of Atlanta, " and that its purpose shall be " to facilitate mutual intercourse, extend our information on subjects of general utility, promote a spirit of useful inquiry, and qualify our- selves to discharge properly the duties incumbent upon us in our various professions and pursuits ; " and, in furtherance of these ob- jects, to -'collect a library, establish a reading room, and organize a system of instcuction by lectures. " At the next meeting the con- stitution was signed by forty-seven members. The following Board of Directors, for the first year, was then elected : Henry Jackson, President; Darwin G. Jones, Vice-President; C,P. Free- man, Secretary ; W. D. Luckie, Treasurer ; E. Y. Clarke, A. R. Watson, H. T. Phillips, E. B. Pond, Albert Hape, F. O. Rudy, W. M. Williams, J. R. Barrick, L. H. Orme, Directors. The Board held its first meeting August 20th, and appointed its committees. On September 2d, the Board met for the first time in the rented library room, which was retained until 1877, when the new rooms were occupied. The Library Committee reported that the room rent was three dollar's per month, and that the necessary shelving would not cost ov^x fifteen dollars. The first recorded donation is of Appleton's Cyclopedia, by Col. L. P. Grant, and others — a gen- tleman distinguished for warm friendship and continuous liberality to the Association, and who was justly its first elected honorary member. For a year the struggle fpr existence was a hard one, and taxed the utmost effort and ingenuity of the managers. A concert was given during the first year which netted several hun- dred dollars. The Lecture Committee inaugurated a system of lectures, and furnished a regular course, placing upon the stage such men as Rev. R. A. Holland, Admiral Semnies, Gen. D. H. Hill, and Rev. J. S. Lamar ; but they could do no more than make the course self-sustaining— the receipts exceeding expenses some fifty dollars. To sustain the institution, resort was had to many and various expedients. It grew gradually, however, into popular SS ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. favor, the membership continued to increase, and, finally, each suc- cessive year showed continued progress till, in 1878— the end of the period now under review— our Public Library was established beyond question. A life membership, conferring all rights and privileges, except those of voting and holding office, costs twenty-five dollars ; dues may be commuted for life for fifty dollars. In 1858, the Hibernian Society organized under the presidency of B. T. Lamb. August 16th, 1S63, it was reorganized as the Hiber- nian Benevolent Society of Atlanta, with B. T. Lamb, President ; M. Mahoney, Treasurer ; Joseph Gatens, Secretary. In 1869 the following were elected : John H. Flynn, President ; Owen Lynch and T. Burke, Vice-Presidents; W. H. Roche and Jas. Walsh, Treasurers ; W. Dowling and T. Nunan, Secretaries. Its general object is the temporal welfare of its members and their families. In June, 1867, the Concordia Association was organized, and speedily became popular. The first organization was : A. Lands- berg, President; L. Lieberman, Vice-President; S. Rosenfeld, Secretary ; Charles Beerman, Treasurer ; L. Rosenfeld, Financial Secretary ; A. L.Labold, Stage Manager ; and the following were the first or original members : M. Eisman, Jr., Lewis Alexander, J. L. Cohen, M. Friedenthal, D. Fleishel, J. F. Fleishel, B. Fleishel,' B. Friedman, M. Frank, M. Fletcher, M. Franklin, M. Hartman, G. A. Huald, S. Hirschberg, H. Kuhrt, G. Katzenstein, L. Levy, E. Lang, E. Loveman, M. Menko, A. Rosenfeld, Wm. Rich, D. Rosen- berg, E. A. Shulhafer, J. Steinheimer, D. Steinheimer, Isaac Stein- heimer, E. Steinheimer, M. Somer, L. Somer, J. Rosenfeld, S. Weil, L. Cahn. Its objects are mutual improvement in elocution, debates and dramatic performances, and social amusements. In May, of the same year, the Ladies' Memorial Association was organized, for the purpose of collecting the remains of the Con- federate dead, their proper interment, and the erection of a monu- ment. How well its work has been done, appears from the state- ment that the scattered remains of over five thousand bodies were collected and re-interred, and that a splendid monument was erected out of our Stone Mountain granite. In May, 1871, the Baptist Orphans' Home was organized. Ex- Governor Brown was made one of the trustees, and Mr. John H. ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 59 James, Treasurer, who, assisted by his wife, bad a very large share in the management. The Home was started in Atlanta, but shortly secured an excellent building two miles out of the city, where it supported many children. March i, 1873. the Atlanta Turn Verein organized with a mem- bership of twenty-five, for the purpose of mental and physical development. It is a member of the great Turner Verein, extend- ing all over the United States. The charter members were C. J. Weinmeister, H. Muhlenbrink, Dr. Ch. Rauschenberg, Aaron Haas, Chas. Brown, D. Fechter and E. Fechter. There were many other organizations, but sufficient mention has been made to indicate the progress in this direction. 6o ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. CHAPTER XII, EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS— 1865-72. During this period of general reconstruction and progress, educa- tional interests had advanced, and the city was well supplied with private schools and collegiate institutions. But Atlanta began soon to grow restless under that pressing need of a great city — a thor- ough system of education, and one that would embrace every child within its limits, thereby securing ample instruction to all, whether rich or poor. Even before the war, public attention was directed to that necessity. In 1858, on the loth of September, a public meet- ing was held, at the City Hall, and a committee, previously appoint- ed, made an able report through their chairman — Green B. Haygood — favoring public schools, and urging the City Council to provide buildings, levy a school fund tax, and memorialize the Legislature for full powers. For some reason the matter went no further at that time, though the Secretary, Mr. J. S. Peterson, published the entire proceedings of the meeting. On September 24th, 1869, however, the City Council passed a resolution, introduced by Alderman D. C. O'Keefe, to the effect that the success and perpetuation of free institutions depend upon the virtue and intelligence of the people, and that the public school sys- tem has been proven to be the best calculated to promote these prime objects, and is the cheapest and most efficient system ; and that a committee of Councilmen and citizens be appointed to inves- tigate and report upon the subject of public schools for Atlanta. Mayor W. H. Hulsey, D. C. O'Keefe, E. R. Carr, and citizens. Dr. J. P. Logan, W. M. Jones, J. H. Flynn, E. E. Rawson, David May- er, L. J. Gartrell and S. H. Stout were appointed that committee, and they prepared an elaborate report, which was adopted by Council November 19th, recommending the establishment of a public school system. On the 26th, of the same month, resolutions were offered by Al- ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 6i derman D. C. O'Keefe, providing for the election of a Board of Ed- ucation, the erection of public school-houses, and such other steps as were necessary to the establishment of the schools. On December loth, the Board was elected, consisting of twelve members, J. P. Lbgan, E. E. Rawson. J. E. Brown, L. E. Bleckley^ for six years; John H. Flynn, L, P. Grant. David Mayer, H. T, Phillips, for four years ; S. H. Stout, W. A. Hemphill, M. C. Blan- chard, D. C. O'Keefe, for two years. The city charter was amended in 1870 to establish and maintain the system by the imposing and collection of requisite taxes, and the issuance of bpnds, not exceeding $100,000. In the following year, 1870, the City Council passed an ordinance^ giving the Board of Ed- ucation full control of the public shools, with power to construct, lease or purchase buildings, making the necessary appropriations,, with the Mayor of the city ex-officio member of the Board ; and three school-houses were at once built, and by January, 1872, were completed. Public exercises of inauguration occurred January 30th, at the Ivy street shool building, with addresses by Chancellor Lips- comb, Rev. A. T. Spalding, State School Commissioner Orr, Mayor John H. James, Judge H. R. McCay and Gov. J .E. Brown. On the 1 5th of November, 1871, Mr. Bernard Mallon, of Savannah, was elected superintendent. By February following the public schools were opened, and at the end of the first year, showed the following remarkable status : Xmo thousand and .seventy-five white scholars \ two high schools and seven grammar schools, taught by twenty-four females and six males. Ivy Street School opened January 31st ; Boys' High School, Feb- ruary I St; Girls' High School, February 5th ; Crew Street School, February 21st; Walker Street School, February 21st; Decatur Street School, February 27th ; Luckie Street School, February 29th^ Governor Joseph E. Brown has been President of the Board since the organization ; E. E. Rawson, Treasurer, and David Mayer, Vice-President. The experience and ability of the Superintendent speedily devel- oped the work. At the end of the scholastic year the number of children enrolled in the schools was nearly four thousand, which evinced their great popularity. There were fifty-six teachers. The 62 ILL USl RA TED A TLANTA. school property was valued at about $100,000. The last estimate of the average cost per scholar is less than $1.50 per month. A Convent School for girls is kept by the Sisters of Mercy. A University was built for colored people — male and female — which receives an annual appropriation from the State of $8,000. In 1868 Moore's Business University was established by Prof. B. F. Moore. It has gained a wide-spread reputation ; over one thou- sand young men have been in attendance on it in this city. It re- ceives an extensive patronage from Georgia, Alabama, South Caro- lina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana and Flori- da, and furnishes a complete business and commercial education. It will thus be seen that the educational progress of the period kept fully abreast of the advance movement in every other grand interest of the city. ILL USTRA TED A ILANTA. 63 CHAPTER XIII A' FINANCIAL CRISIS -1S73. In 1873 the population, by census, was 30,869. The Air-Line Railroad was finished, and many improvements, under way at the beginning of the year, were completed. But in this year a great monetary crisis befell the country, and the financial panic swept like a whirlwind over Atlanta. Building stopped, the wheels of prog- ress were clogged, the prices of real estate tumbled tremendously, and business was prostrated. Of course this state of things caused general damage, and all suffered ; but to the great credit of Atlanta, and of the sound foundation of its business prosperity, few large houses were seriously effected, and though the crash of great houses and banks was resounding in all cities of the land, not a single bank in Atlanta fell, though there was a run on all of them. It is true that Mr. James' bank suspended, but the suspension was only tem- porary. With his characteristic judgment and decision, he threw a hundred thousand dollars of his real estate immediately upon the market, which, though sold under the auctioneer's hammer at a great sacrifice, furnished him ready money, and tended to restore to him public confidence. In less than sixty days his bank was all right again. Thus no bank in Atlanta was crushed. Business, however, was prostrate ; trade flowed sluggishly in its channels for several years ; but a people whom fire and sword, and consequent monetary bankruptcy, could not destroy, would not be kept down by a financial panic and its effects, however disastrous. Progress soon began to manifest itself ; indeed, as always in the career of Atlanta, there was not an absolute halt in its onward march. St. Luke's Episcopal Church and a German Lutheran Church were added to its houses of worship, and a Cumberland Presbyterian Church was organized. Progress soon again became quite noticeable, new hotels, facto- ries, banks, and other enterprises appearing. Immense, fires only 64 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. made way for nobler structures, and so continued the march of im- provement. Numerous churches were built, some of them, Trinity (Methodist), the Roman Cath- olic, and others, being exceed- ingly handsome. The new Hebrew Synagogue, completed a few years later, was begun under the efficient manage- ment of the building com- mittee, J. T. Eichberg, L. i^^fs^iss:.^^^'*^ Cahn, M. Franklin, H. Haas. CATHOLIC CHURCH, HUNTER STREET, Anothcr advaucc stcp, and a very great one in the direction of culture, w^as the formation of a musical society called the Beethoven. After a time it was suspen- ded, but it was reorganized January 25th, 1877, under the Presi- dency of Julius L. Brown, a gentleman distinguished for his devo- tion to the higher culture, an able lawyer, and one of the successful Directors of the Young Mens' Library. In the meantime the Ros- sini Society had organized, in 1876, under the business manage- ment of President J. F. Burke, Treasurer W. C, Morrill, and other competent gentlemen ; G. P.Guilford, organist of the Central Presby- terian Church, being the Musical Director, Mrs. Mary Madden, Pianist, and C. C. Guilford, Librarian. These gentlemen were suc- ceeded by J. C. Courtney, as President ; David H. Appier, Vice- President ; Prof. E. H. Kruger, Musical Director ; C. M. D. Brown, Secretary ; B. W. Wrenn, G. A. Camp, J. Scrutchin, L. DeGive, Jos. Morgan, Charles Beerman, and Messrs. J. C. Courtney and D. H. Appier, Directors. The humanitarian or philanthropic movements of the decade were most successful. By far the grandest of this character was the Benevolent Association, organized in January, 1874. The movement originated with the ladies, ever foremost in acts looking to the elevation of humanity and the amelioration of its suffering condition. The active efforts of Mrs. W. H. TuUer and Mrs. J. A. Hayden, among others, brought about a meeting of ladies and gentlemen, and an organization resulted. Its objects embrace the ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 6t, physical and moral welfare of the poor and the homeless. For this purpose a "Home" has been provided, where the homeless and sick are cared for. It is proper that so great a charity should be prom- inently set forth that it may accomplish still greater good by a more extensive knowledge of its purposes, which are, to provide a temporary home for destitute and helpless women and children, to aid women and girls out of employment in finding suitable work, and also, as soon as practicable, to give free instructions in industrial pursuits, thereby enabling such persons to become self-supporting and useful. Any person could become a member of this Association by pay- ing the sum of one dollar annually. The payment of twenty-five dollars at any time, constituted life membership. The officers of the Home consisted of a President, two Vice-Presi- dents, a Secretary, Treasurer, twenty-four Managers, and an Advi- sory Committee of seven gentlemen, chosen annually, and who to- gether constituted a Board of Managers. The officers were: Campbell Wallace, President; Mrs. W, H. Tuller, ist Vice-President; Mrs. James Jackson, 2nd Vice-President ; Mrs. B. Mallon, Secretary; D. Mayer, Esq., Treasurer ; Advisory Board : J. F. Burke, Dr. Sam'l. Hape, B. Mallon, S. M. Inman, W. R. Brown, J. C. Kimball, W. Goodnow. Board of Managers : Mrs. E. Y. Hill, Mrs. J. H. James, Mrs. Geo. Sharpe, Mrs. C. Peeples, Mrs. Paul Jones, Mrs. J. S. Oli- ver.Mrs. R. J. Godfrey, Mrs. J. H. Flynn, Mrs. W. A. Rawson, Mrs. B. A. Pratt, Mrs. R. A. Anderson, Mrs. S. J. Hines, Mrs. J. H. Al- exander, Mrs. G. W. D. Cook, Mrs. W. B. Lowe, Mrs. R. F. Mad- dox, Mrs. C. H. Milledge, Mrs. A. B. Sharpe," Mrs. W. C. Morril, Mrs. L. M. Rigdon, Mrs. O. C. Carroll, Mrs. Geo. Boynton, Miss M^ Dun woody. At a subsequent period the system of management was changed as will appear. The Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society was chartered in 1870, In 1878 the officers were : Mrs. J. T. Eichberg, President ; Mrs. D. Rich, Secretary ; Mrs. L. Lieberman, Vice-President. Its general object is assistance to poor Jewish families. The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was organ- ized in 1876 by Miss Louise King, of Augusta, aided by a lady noted for her charitable works. Miss Nellie Peters, now Mrs. Geo. R. Black. Under its operations several prosecutions have occurred, 5 66 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA, FRANKLIN STEAM PRINTING HOU SE, 27 AND 29 BROAD STREET. ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. ' 67 leading to improved treatment of dumb brutes ; and drinking foun- tains have been erected through the city for their benefit — the lar- gest one being the present of Hon. John P. King, the distinguished President of the Georgia Railroad, In 1877 another library association w^as organized — the Catholic Library Association. Its object is the dissemination of Catholic literature and -knowledge generally. Its first officers were : J, F. Burke, President ; R. D. Spalding, Vice-President ; A. C. Ford, Treasurer ; John M. Graham, Secretary, and John H. Flynn, E. Van Goidsnoven, P. J. Moran, W. B. Cox, John Stephens, M. H. Dooly, John Doonan and Joseph Gatens, Directors, For several centuries the progress of the printing art has been both a great indicator and powerful promoter of national and local prosperity. One has only to glance at a book or college catalogue issued from the Frankiln Steam Printing House of Atlanta, to as- certain how near perfection this art has been brought. The Frank- lin Steam Printing House is now the property of James P. Harrison, Geo. W. Harrison, Z, D. Harrison and J. S. Lawton, and has rapidly assumed mammoth dimensions. Under the business man- agement of Jas. P. Harrison, the superintendence of John S. Prather, and the thorough book-keeping of George W. Harrison — men unsurpassed in their departments — the Franklin has grown until it has become the largest printing house of the South. A half dozen journals and magazines, besides the regular job and book work, are issued from its presses. Its business extends throughout this and many of the neighboring States, and now embraces the official printing of the State government, by action of the Legislature. Such a house, giving the year round eaiployment to fifty odd men and women, with a large invested capital in its business, and with a large patronage from abroad, is a blessing to the city, and contri- butes largely to its prosperity. 68 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. CHAPTER XIV. MUNICIPAL REFORM— 1873-4. There is a tendency in all cities to create public debt, especially where there are few or no charter restrictions upon the municipal authorities. This arises in a great part from the importunities of the citizens themselves for subscription to this or that enterprise on account of alleged public interest or utility and in some measure from the incompetency and venality of officials. The citizens of Atlanta, wide-awake upon all matters touching the welfare of the city, and also incited by the monetary stringency and steady decline of values, had detected the accumulation of city indebtedness, and becoming alarmed, in 1873, set about devising means to save the city from future bankruptcy. The police system was also a source of great complaint and dissatisfaction on several grounds. Under the existing system a high state of efficiency and discipline was im- practicable ; and the police force was a powerful element in every municipal election, exercising an undue influence over the result. The public interest sternly demanded a change ; the policeman must be taken out of municipal politics, and be made more efficient. A petition, signed by J. H. Callaway, J. A. Hayden, Amos Fox,^ and some one hundred and fifty other citizens, was read before the City Council, November i, 1873, alleging that the charter, though often amended, had never been thoroughly revised, and urging that this was greatly needed, and should be done to insure future pros- perity. This petition was referred to a special committee, who re- ported on the following Friday night, November 8th, recommen- ding the appointment of forty-nine citizens, seven from each of the seven wards. The report was unanimously ado pted, and " the committee of forty-nine " was appointed, including such men as L. P. Grant, G. W. Adair, George Hillyer, N. L. Angier, J. P. Logan, L. J. Gartrell, John H. Flynn, John L. Hopkins, N, J. Hammond, ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. John H. James, A. Murphy, W. G. Gramling, L. E. Bleckley, J. A. Richardson, W. B. Cox and John T. Grant. On the night of No- vember 1 8th, this committee met at the Recorder's room. L. E. Bleckley was made chairman, and one from each ward was appoin- ted to report subjects to be referred to sub-committees of three each. The subjects reported were City Government, Finance, Elections, Sanitary Regulations, Police, Water-Works, Public Schools, and Streets.and they were referred to the separate sub-com- mittees. On November 26th a committee was appointed to consol- idate the various sub-committee reports. The consolidated report was submitted and adopted. The ensuing Legislature passed the charter thus revised, and it was approved by the Governor,February 28th, 1874. No event of more vital consequence ever occurred in the govern- mental policy of Atlanta. No municipal reform was ever more thorough, as will be seen at a glance at some of the new features of the charter and their operation. In the first place, it puts a stop to the creation of debt. Section 32 of the charter says that no bonds shall be hereafter issued, except by an affirmative two- thirds vote of two successive Councils, the approval of the Mayor, and a majority vote of the cizens in a popular election. In all ap- propriations of money for the increase of indebtedness or expendi- ture of revenue, except for salaries, the Councilmen and Aldermen must vote separately and agree. For this purpose the General Council was constituted of three Aldermen for the city at large, and two Councilmen from each ward; the Aldermen and Councilmen separating into two bodies in all matters of finance. It is also stipulated that the annual expenses shall be so restricted as not to exceed the annual income, after certain payments on the public debt, and that no General Council shall borrow money, save in the management of existing indebtedness. As an additional safeguard, a clause was inserted enacting the personal liability of Mayor, Councilmen and Aldermen for the refunding of all amounts appro- priated in violation of the charter, and it is made the imperative duty of the Clerk of Council to institute recovery suits. Advancing a step farther, provision is made for the constant annual reduction of the public debt by the setting apart of one- fourth of the tax on real estate for the payment of the principal of II ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. floating liabilities. Still another step was taken in this direction^ While increased indebtedness is prevented and reduction secured, the business interests of the city must be protected from burden- some taxation. To do this, taxation is limited to one and a half per cent. In the department of official conduct, and the proper administra- tion of the laws, the regulations of the charter are equally effective. Official malconduct, to the financial detriment of the city, is made impossible. The greatest reform, however, under this head, was the entire change of the police system, and its divorcement from the General Council. A separate board, called Police Commission- ers, consisting of five citizens, elected by a two-thirds vote of the General Council, was instituted, and into their sole control was confided the election and government of the police force. It is unnecessary to note any other changes wrought by the charter ; these are sufficient to show that it is a masterpiece of municipal reform, and secures the people, absolutely, against municipal bankruptcy and burdensome taxation, and guarantees a faithful and vigorous administration of the laws, for the protection of their lives, liberties, and property. It is true that the severe restrictions of the charter will not per- mit any very general system of thorough improvements at pres- ent, but any inconvenience from this cause will be cheerfully borne, in view of the steady reduction of the public debt, and the new stimulus infused into every factor of the city's prosperity, and th^ increased values imparted to its property, It must be remembered, too, that the gradual reduction of the interest account, together with the enlarged income from taxation, will, in a few years, pro- duce an excess, which will insure the most liberal appropriations for every object countenanced by the charter. The first Mayor elected under its operations was Judge C. C. Hammock. In his official address, at retirement, he uttered this strong language : "The most signal of your achievements has been the successful ap- plication, and faithful execution, of the provisions of the new city charter. Under its operation, the city has experienced what may aptly be termed a new birth — such has been the change WTOUght in her financial standing, and her prospects for future growth and p rosperity. Previous to its going into practical effect, her credit, ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. ill (the foundation of governmental, as well as of private, character) was impaired and diminishing ; but under the confidence-inspiring provision of the new charter, wisely conceived and courageously enforced, Atlanta has, at one bound, inaugurated perpetual economy in her expenditures — the steady, gradual reduction of her in- debtedness — and placed her securities on an up-grade, without a parallel in the financial experience of these unfortunate times." IV ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA. CHAPTER XV. MOVEMENTS OF BUSINESS.— 1873 The commercial panic, not being based upon temporary causes simply, but upon a general depreciation of the values from inflated proportions to their true standard, the settling down or adjustment of business to the changed condition was necessarily the work of years. But the commercial circles of Atlanta gradually worked out of the depression of the times, and reassumed their old activity. Renewed vigor produced greater expansion, and expansion, in its turn, demanded enlarged facilities. More banking capital was needed, and more and larger houses for the handling and storage of goods. One secret of Atlanta's progress is that no demand of trade, however feeble, fails to produce an effort at supply. So it was at this time. New banks were organized, and more business structures erected. In addition to those already mentioned, the Atlanta Savings Bank appeared in 1875, under the management of S. B. Hoyt, President, and R. H: Richards, Cashier. The year 1875 was one of marvelous progress in building opera- tions. Real estate improvements aggregated in value, perhaps, $1,000,000. This improvement embraced the filling up of numer- ous unsightly spots ; as for instance, the drainage of a marshy spot south 'of Hunter street, and the erection of numerous cottage build- ings thereon, at an expense of perhaps twenty-five thousand dol- lars, by Col. Tom. Alexander, at that period one of Atlanta's prom- inent railroad contractors, and who invested his faith in Atlanta and its future to the extent of one hundred thousand dollars, in real es- tate and improvements. P. &. G. T, Dodd & Co., to accommo- date their great business, erected a splendid building on Alabama street — part of an entire block erected at the same time. A costly hotel — the Markham House — was erected, and a six-story cotton ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. v factory went up. Residences — and many fine ones — ascended as if by magic. Business exhibited great activity. One of the most important events of the year was the establishment of the National Surgical Institute, for the treatment of all deformities of the body, face and limbs, including paralysis and chronic diseases. It is an incor- porated institution with a capital of $500,000, and has treated thousands of cases. It has the unqualified endorsement of leading citizens, and is accomplishing a vast amount of good. Among the movements of trade may be noted that of wholesale groceries to Alabama street. In 1873, Stokes & Co., wholesale fruiterers, removed to this street ; Stephens and Flynn, Dodd & Co., Fuller & Smith followed, making it the leading wholesale gro- cery street of Atlanta, of which more hereafter. VI ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA. CHAPTER XVI. GENERAL PROGRESS FROM 1870-1880. The progress of Atlanta during the decade from 1870 to 1880 not only equalled, but has surpassed that of any other period. The progress was a general one, extending to every department of business and industry. The same advance marked all other inter- ests, religious, educational and social. Besides municipal reforms, the city government had also made great progress in the establish- ment of important public works, among these was the supply of the city with water, at a cost of nearly a half million of dollars. Though the well and mineral waters of Atlanta were amply suf- ficient for all drinking purposes, yet the continuous increase of population rendered another source of supply advisable for the central part of the city, and more particularly for the objects of sewerage, and the extinguishment of fire. Hunnicutt & Bellin- grath, in 1875 and 1876, laid seventeen miles of pipe, all of which stood the test of two hundred pounds pressure to the square inch. The water can be thrown in numerous streams to the top of the highest buildings. The works are under the .control of a Water- Board, elected by the people. The duties of the members of the Board are not only responsible; but also quite onerou s in the case of the President, who at present is E. E. Rawson, the public spirited citizen, whose time and labor form so prominent and large a part of many of our best institutions. Another most important step was the building of a street railway by George W. Adair and Richard Peters. This proved a valuable stimulus to the property of the city. PART II ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 71 ATLANTA OF TO-DAY. The preceding outline of the history of the city brings us to At- lanta as it is — the great, populous, and thriving metropolis, of the State. In attempting to impart an adequate idea of its present proportions and probable future, it will 'be necessary to glance at its population, trade, industries, institutions, and advantages both as a place of business and residence. In doing this no particular method will be observed in the treatment of these topics, except, perhaps, in following somewhat the order in which they present themselves to the notice of the visitor. RAILROADS. • Atlanta is frequently called the "Gate City." The origin of the title dates back to 1857, in the summer of which year the Mayor of Memphis, with a number of ladies and gentlemen, on their way to Charleston, with water from the Mississippi, to be mingled with the water of the Atlantic, passed through Atlanta. They had a cordial reception and collation, and passed on, accompanied by Mayor Ezzard and ladies and gentlemen of Atlanta. In Charleston they had a royal time, a big banquet, and fine toasts. The sentiment proposed for Atlanta denominated it the Gate City, signifying that to reach the West from the sea-board, or the sea-board from the West, the way passed through Atlanta, which was thus the "Gate." To a great extent Atlanta is the offspring of railroads. The site was chosen, as previously stated, because it was the natural junc- tion of railroads converging from different sections of the State to meet a railroad line from the West, being at the intersecting point of several mountain ridges leading into upper, middle and eastern Georgia. The completion of the roads at once established com- mercial intercourse between the West and Atlantic seaboard, and Atlanta became a great depot or distributing point between the two. This is the foundation stone of the mighty superstructure of com- 72 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA, mercial prosperity to-day marking the spot — a prosperity unexam- pled in the South, and with few parallels in the whole country, as- regards both that rapidity and solidity of growth, from which the city has been often termed, not inaptly, the "Chicago of the South." The railroad system of Atlanta is now complete. With five finished railroads leading in every direction of the compass, and more roads in process of construction, Atlanta has a net-work of railroads, mak- ing the facilities of transportation simply perfect. Two of the latter roads are supplemental lines which will inure to the city's increased benefit by competition with existing roads. All of them are links of great trunk lines, traversing the country in every direction, and WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD DEPOT FROM BROAD STREET BRIDGE. they make Atlanta the centre of a grand system of railways. The Western & Atlantic Railroad stretches toward the West, connect- ing with the railroad lines to the North ; the Atlanta & West Point Railroad, making direct communication with the Southwest ; the Central, formerly the Macon & Western Road, leading to the At- lantic coast and the South ; the Georgia Railroad, stretching to the 74 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. East, and the Air-Line Railroad, running directly northward. For all the purposes of speedy transportition, commercial intercourse, and accessibility to and from every section, the railroad facilities of Atlanta are certainly perfect. Nearly all these roads have fine depots and round-houses, and are splendidly equipped, running- sleeping and parlor cars, and numer- ous trains every day. The Western & Atlantic Railroad, having been built by the State, is known as the State Road. Some years ago it was leased by the State, to which it now belongs, to a company, of which Senator Josph E. Brown is President. Under his presidency and the super- intendencyof General Wm. McRae, it has no superior in the United States, being splendidly equipped. It connects Atlanta with Chat- tanooga, Tennessee, over a line of 138 miles in length. It is a most lucrative property, worth millions of dollars. The Georgia Railroad, which was the second road built to Atlan- ta, runs from Augusta to Atlanta, 171 miles. It has several branches. John W. Green is manager. The Atlanta & West Point Road extends from Atlanta to West Point, in the direction of Alabama, New Orleans and the South- west. The distance is 87 miles. Under the long superintendency of L. P. Grant it became famous among Southern railroads for its freedom from accident and its promptness on schedule time. The Central Railroad, formerly the Macon & Western, connects Atlanta and Macon, over a line of 103 miles, and extends to Savan- nah. The Macon & Western was the third road in and out of At- lanta. A few years since it was bought by the Central, which is managed most successfully by President Wm. Wadley and Superin- tendent Wm. Rogers. The Air-Line, or Atlanta & Charlotte Railroad, (from Atlanta to Charlotte 269 miles,) is now a link of the great Richmond & Dan- ville Railway. It is a magnificent road, originating in the desire to have an "air-line" to the North and East, which it is. The new roads in process of construction are the Georgia Pacif- ic, of which ex-Senator John B. Gordon is President, and will extend to the Mississippi, through the inexhaustible coal fields of Alabama, and it is a road which Atlanta has been trying to build for years to supplement her coal supply. The other roads are from Atlanta to ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 75 Macon, and from Atlanta to Rome, and will form links of the 'Cole" system, managed by the distinguished railroader, E. W. Cole. The completion of these roads (and two of them will certainly be finished within a year), will give Atlanta eight railroad lines, which in this particular will rank Atlanta among the great cities of the United States. It makes its railroad system and facilities abso- lutely complete. This fact alone assures to the city a constant growth in business and population. SOUTHERN EXPRESS COMPANY. The Southern Express Company has cars on all the roads. W. H. Clayton is the Superintendent, and Wm. H. Hulbert, agent. THE HOTELS. There is no city in the United States better provided with hotels than Atlanta. In fact, for years, the splendor and capacity of its hotel accommodations were far in advance of the city's needs. 76 rLLUSTRATED ATLANTA. The Kimball HOUE is a magnificent hotel both in its proportions and appomtments, ranking in these respects among the' rst of "he land It covers .. ' ^ i^o.re, feet. „^f* ^ ^-~2;^HI frontmg on three streets. Pryor, Decatur and Wall. IHs sL stories ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 77 high and has three hundred and fifty rooms. The vestibule or of- fice floor contains a beautiful fountain surrounded by tropical plants, and a magnificent chancielier suspended through a number of arcades. It is under the management of Messrs. Scoville & Terry, who have made the hotel popular and conducted it in a style com- mensurate with its rank and class. The Markham House was built a few years later by Wm. Mark- ham, and is called a "parlor hotel" on account of its interior beauty and comfort. It is exceedingly popular, and is first class in every respect. Until lately it was under the joint management of ex- Mayor W. A. Huff, of Macon, and Mr. Phil Brown, of the famous Blue Ridge Spring of Virginia ; but lately Mr. Brown sold to his \ 78 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. partner, leaving the management entirely with Mr. Huff who is one of Georpa's foremost men in ability and enterprise. The Markham uncle,- h,s management will be always filled with guests sti^notf r°,M ' "°™^' '"^""gh not so large as the two former.is st.ll not a small hotel. It has recently been enlarged by the addi- tion of a story and other improvements, and is under the manat n.ent of Capt. E. T. White. The custom of the house show'hat THE NATIONAL HOTEL. it is in great favor with the traveling public, and Capt. White is liked by everybody who becomes his guest The Wilson Hou,sf, one of the cosiest little hotels to be found anywhere. Col. B, J. Wilson bought the old building and lot corner of Alabama and Pryor streets, in .872. In 187? he tore down the building to the foundation and erected a new one. It has about fifty rooms, and double parlors. Capt. Keith keeps a good and a neat hotel, and finds no difficulty in securing a remu- nerative patronage. * bouth Pryor street, and is kept by Mrs. Tilman. PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PLACES AND GROUNDS. A new city has rarely as many attractions in public buildings and t'hTrtpe'^t." ™" ^"^""' ''°*^^^^' '^ "°^ -interesLg in ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 79 8o ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA. The Capitol Building is six stories high, and contains all the departments of the State Government. This building is only tem- porary, and a new one will soon be erected to cost a million or more, for which the grounds have already been selected and plans advertised for. On the second floor are the Senate Chamber and Representative Hall. In these are to be seen on the walls large portraits of dis- tinguished Georgians, including that of James Oglethorpe, the founder of the State, as well as portraits of George Washington, Andrew Jackson, Thomas Jefferson, and LaFayette. The State Library is on the ground floor, and is quite extensive. The efficient Librarian, Mr. Frank L. Haralson, keeps it in excel- lent order and it is worth the visit of any intelligent gentleman or lady. On the same floor will be found one of the special objects of in- terest in the city — the State Department of Agriculture. It is conspicuous for its features of instruction and information to the stranger and the farmer. On entering the capacious and airy hall occupied by the department, the first object which attracts at- tention is the beautiful aquarium, which is used during the spring and summer to illustrate the varieties of carp fish and the wonder- ful rapidity with which they grow. During the fall and winter it serves as a temporary depository for the young carp while they are being distributed to the various ponds of the State. The facts shown in this little aquarium have contributed in no small degree to the interest in fish-culture which has so completely taken posses- sion of the people of the State. On either side are tables bearing specimens of minerals and woods illustrative of the resources of the State. The walls are ornamented with portraits of prominent agricul- turists, pictures of fine stock, game birds and fish, and samples of various kinds of wool. Further on we come to the display of agricultural products prop- er. Gracefully suspended from circular pendents are samples of the various grasses, grains and textile plants grown in the State ; illustrating at once the quality and variety of the productions of the commonwealth. Arranged in tiers on tables are samples of seeds of every imaginable variety. ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 8r A large book-case on one side of the hall exhibits the publications ^f the department which are distributed free of cost to the citizens of the State. Hundreds of thousands of books and pamphlets have been distributed since the establishment of the department, which has exerted, in this way, a most valuable educational influence upon the farmers of the State. In glass cases prepared for the purpose .are specimens of goods of various kinds, manufactured. In still other cases are samples of commercial fertilizers taken by- inspectors under the law requiring the inspection and analysis of all fertilizers sold in the State. In rear of the hall an interesting and instructive experiment is being conducted. Representative soils were collected last spring from seven different sections of the State. Each of them was put into eight bins or boxes two feet square and fifteen inches deep. In collecting the soils the subsoil and soil were kept separate and deposited in the bins in the posi- tion and ratio in which they were formed to the depth of one foot. Virgin soil was taken in each case from the original forests. In order to ascertain what element or elements of plant food each va- riety of soil needed, the following test was applied to each: To bins No. i nothing was applied, to No. 2 phosphoric acid alone, to No. 3 potash alone, to No. 4 ammonia alone, to No. 5 phosophate acid and potash, to No. 6 phosophate ac'd and ammonia, to No. 7 potash and ammonia and to No. 8 all three combined. This is just the experiment which every farmer needs to conduct on his own land. The department is daily visited by many persons in search of information, and they seldom leave unsatisfied, as the gentlemen in charge are well informed on scientific and practical agriculture. The Commissioner, Hon. J. T. Henderson, is a gen- tleman of liberal education and large practical experience. Mr. R. J. Redding, the assistant commissioner, is a gentleman of fine ac- complishments and long practical experience on the farm. Mr. J. S. Newman, editing clerk of the department, has a University educa- tion and a practical experience in every branch of husbandry, in- cluding grass, grain and tobacco culture and stock breeding as prac- ticed in Virginia, besides a large experience in planting and fruit culture in Georgia. Mr. W. B. Henderson, clerk of the Depart- ment, is a young man of good education and fine business qualifica- tions. Mr. W. H. Howell is a gentleman of well-known character 6 82 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. and business qualifications. All these gentlemen take pleasure in entertaining strangers and visitors. The department as conducted is worthy of the great State to the development of whose resources and industries it was established. Visitors to the city should not fail to go through this interesting department. GOVERNOR S MANSION, PEACHTREE STREET. The Governor's Mansion is situated on Peachtree street and is now occupied by Governor Alfred H. Colquitt. It was erected by Mr. John H. James for his residence, but was bought by the State for over a hundred thousand dollars. It is quite a democratic mansion, as the Governor and his good wife frequently allow the ladies of the city to have lawn and supper parties there for charitable objects. The City Hall and park are on East Hunter street. The building is used at present by the city government, county and city courts. ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 83 CITY HALL. The INTERNATIONAL COTTON EXPOSITION is this year (1881) the chief attraction at Oglethorpe Park. The visitor will find in guide-books a more detailed account. While temporary in its na- ture, it is to be hoped that the buildings or a part of them may fall into the hands of the city for permanent use. The first suggestion of the Exposition came from a newspaper article. Hon. Edward Atkinson, of Boston, Massachusetts, made an address in Atlanta on the 19th of October, 1880, on the Cultivation of Cotton, which led to a meeting of business men, at which a Cotton Exposition was determined upon somewhere in the South. It was Atlanta's good fortune, after considerable discussion, to be selected. The object is the presentation, of the various processes through which the fleecy staple goes, from the seed to the manufactured fabric, the cotton field and machinery resting side by side. This is 84 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. a spectacle never before ex- hibited at a fair. But the original scope of the Exposi- tion has been greatly enlarg- ed, and embraces the wide fields of exhibits usual to World's Fairs. Several hun- dred thousand dollars were subscribed in various parts of the country for the erec- tion of buildings. The or- ganization was such as to inspire confidence, as it was I composed of leading citizens ^ and prominent gentlemen. ^ Senator Joseph E. Brown ^ was the first President of ^ the Executive Committee, ^ but a short time before the ^ opening, October 5th, was g succeeded by Governor Col- quitt, of this State. Vice-Presidents, Robert Tannehill, N. Y., W. H. Gardner, Ala., W. C. Sibley, Ga. Secretary, J. W. Ryck- man, Pa.; Secretary pro. tern., J. R. Lewis, Ga.; Treasurer, S. M, Inman. The Director- General is H. I. Kimball, who is also Chairman of the Executive Committee. Maj. Ben. E. Crane,(Langs- ton & Crane), President of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, is Chairman pro. tem. of the Execu- tive Committee, which comprises James R. Wylie, A. C. Wylieand G. T. Dodd, wholesale grocers ; J. R. Lowry, banker ; R. F. Mad- dox, cotton warehouseman ; W. A. Moore, M. C. Kiser and E. P. ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 'S Chamberlin, wholesale dry goods ; L. P. Grant and G. J. Foreacre, Railway Supt's. ; J. A. Fitten, hardware ; Richard Peters, Sidney Root, E. P. Howell, Hon. J. L. Hopkins, B. F. Abbott, T. G. Healy, J. C. Peck ; J. T. Henderson, Commissioner of Agriculture, and J. F. Cummings, of Atlanta ; W. C. Neff, Cincinnati ; Edward 86 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. Atkinson, Boston ; John H. Inman, New York ; Richard Garsed, Philadelphia ; J. W. Paramore, St. Louis, and Cyrus Bussey, New Orleans. Mcpherson's B \rracks are in the western part of the city near West End. Congress passed an act on February 12th, 1872, appropriating the sum of $100,000, to build a United States court-house and post- office at Atlanta, Ga. In June, 1874, another act was passed, extend- ing the limits of the cost of the building to $250,000. Other ap- propriations were afterwards made which swelled the whole amount up to $275,000. The site for the building was presented to the Government, by the city of Atlanta. Ground was first broken for the new building on the 21st of August, 1875. The style of the building was taken from a copy of an ancient Italian villa, but somewhat modernized, and is termed the Italian Gothic. It is built upon a concrete foundation composed of cement, sand, and gran- ite, and is three feet thick. Mr. T. G. Healy, of this city, has been the able superintendent of its erection, from the commencement to the finishing. Mr. James G. Hill, in his annual report to the U. S. Treasury Department, says : "This building will be completed within the limit placed upon its cost by the act of Congress, and it will afford larger accommodations in proportion to its cost than any other building under the control of this department." The lot of land is 200x210 feet, and is bounded by Marietta street on the front, by Farley on the west, and Forsyth on the east. The size of the building is 135x75 feet, is three stories high, and is of granite, and the total cost of building, as shown, was over a quarter of a million dollars. It is used by the Post-Office, Custom House, and Reve- nue Departments, and has also a court-room and offices for the Federal District Court. Oglethorpe Park was laid out by the city since the war, two miles out on Marietta street, just outside the city limits. It has buildings for the use of State and County fairs. The City Water Works are a few miles out of the city, reached via McDonough street. Oakland Cemetery is situated on the eastern side of the city, at the head of Hunter street. It contains the remains of several ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 87 ss ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. thousand Confederate soldiers. Some very fine monuments are to be seen there. THE JAIL. The Jail is in the immediate neighborhood of the City Hall, and is a substantial building of good appearance. ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. So- THE CHURCHES. Atlanta may well be called a "City of Churches." All shades of religious opinions are represented. Some of the church edifices are very handsome. The First Baptist Church, Rev. Dr. Gwin, pastor, is lo- cated on the corner of Walton and North Forsyth streets, nearer the centre of the city than any other house of worship. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, WALTON STREET. Since the accompanying view of Forsyth street was taken, the unfinished church in the distance, the First Methodist, has been completed, and is a most imposing structure. It is located at the junction of Peachtree, Pryor, and Houston streets. Rev. C. A. Evans, an ex-Confederate General, is pastor. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, MARIETTA STREET. ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 91 The Second Baptist Church is another handsome edifice, located on the corner of Washington and Mitchell streets. The pastor is Rev. Dr. Spalding. The Second Methodist Church is situated on Whitehall street, and is also new. It is most elegant, and accommodates one of the largest memberships in the city. Rev. Dr. Heidt is the pastor. 2 nd BAPT'C>-1. ATLANTA.GA ^|The Catholic Church is a massive, cathedral-like structure and cost a large sum. Rev. Father O'Brien is the priest in charge. The corner-stone was laid by the famous Southern poet-priest. Rev. Father Ryan. The First Presbyterian Church is on Marietta street. The building has been recently erected, but the organization was one of the first in Atlanta. Rev. Dr. Martin is pastor. THE SYNAGOGUE, F-OKSYTH STREET. ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 93 The Synagogue is on South Forsyth [street, and is one of the most presentable buildings of the city. The Methodist Protestant Church is on the opposite cor- ner from the Synagogue, on South Forsyth street. Rev. W. D. Mitchell is the pastor. METHODIST PROTESTANT CHaRCH, FORSYTH STREET, St. Phillips Episcopal Church, now in process of erection, is a triumph of architectural beauty. It is located on the corner of Washington and Hunter streets. Rev. Dr. Foute is the rector. It is in front of the grounds donated by the city for the new State Capitol, and will be an ornament to them. These are leading church edifices, but there are other tasteful and commodious ones in the city. 94 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. SECOND METHODIST CHURCH, WHITEHALL STREET. r METHODIST CHURCH, PEACHTREE STREET. 96 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. MEDICAL COLLEGES. ^t^^Tc ^^ ^^'°T ''""' ' "'''''^"' '^'="'^^' having a number Of Medical Colleges and medical journals established in if. The num- tncreltg '"''' "^"''^"'^'^'^ '^ ''""^ '-S^' -" ^^ instantly The Southern Medical College is located in the heart of the hoT:.r f :h'°°'"'"1"^ """" ^^^^^"S- D^P"'---^ the leading hotels of the cuy; w.thin 50 yards of a number of good boarding ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. houses and of the junction of the street-car lines from every part of the city. The building is commodious, elegant and convenient, and contains all the modern appliances and improvements for a first- class regular medical institution. Its Board of Trustees, as seen in the list below, numbers eighteen gentlemen of enlarged and progressive views ; among whom are a number of the best and most active business men in the city, and also a number of distin- guished Georgians residing in different parts of the State. The Board of Trustees consists of Dr. Thomas S. Powell, Presi- dent, Hon. D. W. Lewis, Judge S. B. Hoyt, G. T. Dodd, Rev. C. M. Irwin, Mr. A. F. Hurt, Rev. David E. Butler, W. T. Gold- smith, M. D., Mr. J. J. Toon, Hon. Alex. H. Stephens, Rev. W. F. Cook, Rev. A. J. Battle, LL.D., Rev. H. H. Parks, R. C. Word, M. D., Rev. H. C. Hornady, Mr. W. W. McAfee, Mr. John H. Flynn, and G. M. McDowell, M. D. The Board has established this institute with special reference to the great advantages of Atlanta, present and prospective, as a great Southern medical centre, ajid with the avowed object of ad- vancing medical science and elevating the standard of the profes- sion in the Southern States. The curriculum of study in the Southern Medical College covers a wider range than many institutions in this country. The lectures are able and instructive ; the museum attractive ; the clin- ical and anatomical advantages excellent, and all the facilities exist for imparting a thorough medical education. Lectures in this institution open annually between the loth and 1 5th of October, and continue about five months. Parties desir- ing to see the annual catalogue with full particulars of the school, will address, W. P. Nicolson, Dean, Atlanta, Ga. The Georgia Eclectic Medical College is the second oldest medical institution in Atlanta. The faculty is composed of John R. Borland, M. D. Emeritus Professor of the Institutes of Medicine ; Stephen T. Biggers, M. D. Emeritus Professor of Ob- stetrics and Diseases of Women and Children; Hon.O. A. Lochrane LL. D., Emeritus Professor of Medical Jurisprudence ; W. P. Haller Fishburn, M.*D., Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery and Operative Surgery, Professor of Medical Jurispru- THE GEORGIA'eCLECTIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, BUTLER STREET. I-LLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 99 dence ; Joel F. Hammond, M. D., Professor of Clinical Medicine ; Joseph Adolphus, M. D., Professor of Physiology and Pathology, Professor of Dislocations and Fractures; I.J. M. Goss. A. M., M. D. LL. D., Professor of Materia Medica, Professor of the Science and Practice of Medicine; H. R. Jewitt, A. M., Professor of Chem- istry and Toxicology; John A. Goss, A. M., M. D.. Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children ; Thomas W. Dean, M. D., Professor of General Descriptive and Surgical Anato- my ; John B. Liddell, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy. THE REFORM MEDICAL COLLEGE, BROAD STREET. L.ofC: loo ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. The college building is located on Butler street, near the Georgia Railroad, and is well arranged for its purposes. The Reform Medical College has a new building just erec- ted on the corner of Broad and Walton streets, in the very heart of the city. The Faculty is thus constituted : J. M. Comings, M. D., Professor Anatomy and Surgery ; J. T. Cox, M. D., Professor Physiology and Pathology ; S. F. Salter, M. D., Professor Theory and Practice ; Jos. D. Friend, M. D., Professor Obstetrics and Dis- eases of Women and Children ; W. C. Jones, M. D. Professor Chemistry and Toxicology ; John Kost, M. D., Professor Materia Medica and Therapeutics. Dr. Salter ia Secretary of the Faculty. THE PUBLIC CHARITIES. In the cities of the South there never has been such a de- mand for benevolence and charity on account of destitution as in the northern and eastern sections of the country. The ab- sence of beggary was a noted fact till war and its devastation brought their changes. Hence great p^ublic charities have not had such progress here as in the North. But the poor and the suffer- ing have always been taken care of ; especially is this true in At- lanta. Benevolent associations and relief societies have long been in existence. There are several that may be mentioned. Atlanta Hospital and Benevolent Home. — In January, 1 874, a movement was made by the women of Atlanta, which re- sulted in what was called the Atlanta Benevolent Association, the object of which was to provide a temporary "home for destitute and helpless women and children, to aid women and girls out of em- ployment in finding suitable work, and also, as soon as practicable, to give free instruction in industrial pursuits, thereby enabling such persons to become self-supporting and useful." Practically, the matter took a turn which was not at first anticipated, as will appear in the sequel. For a time the ladies carried on their benevolent work in rented buildings, and on a comparatively small scale. Still they afforded shelter and support to a large number of destitute women and children. No records were kept, and it is impossible to tell the number of their beneficiaries, but probably there were ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. loi in all several hundred. After most persistent and heroic effort, the ladies succeeded in raising $4000.00 with which they purchased from Hon. W. L. Calhoun the two buildings Nos. 79 and 81, East Ala- bama street, and here they greatly enlarged their sphere of opera- tions. In March, 1881, they, of their own accord, turned over their property and the entire management of the institution, to which common custom had given the name of "The Ladies' Benevolent Home," to aboard of trustees, whose names are as follows : President, Henry H. TuclTer ; Vice-President, John Milledge ; Secretary, H. Cranston ; Treasurer, David Mayer ; John H. Fitten, G. T. Dodd, S. M. Inman, John Flynn. When these gentlemen took charge of the institution, its name was changed, and it is now called The Atla?tta Hospital and Be- nevolent Home. Its objects are also changed correspondingly with the name. There are two departments, one called the Hospital Department, the other called the Home Department. The former receives all sick or disabled persons sent by the Mayor of the city, and up to the present time, (September, 1881) has never failed to afford sufficient accomodations for all that have been sent, and the Mayor never sends those needing Hospital treatment who fall into his hands, to any other institution or place. From this, the appropriateness of the name — the Atlanta Hospital — will be appa- rent. Medicines and medical treatment are supplied by the city, and for the lodging, diet, nursing, attendance, &c., the City Council pay to the institution $75.00 per month. Patients remain in the Hos- pital until discharged by the city physician in attendance. In the Home Department persons who are objects of charity are admitted at the discretion of the trustees, or of an officer appointed by them, and are discharged by the President when he thinks proper. It is not intended as a permanent home for any one, though usually no definite period of stay is fixed. No charge is made for board, lodging, medicines or medical attendance; everything is furnished gratis. The institution is sustained by voluntary dona- tions from the citizens. It is not denominational ; persons of all religious persuasions unite in its support. Men are received as well as women and children. When paupers are sent from other cities or counties, to be supported by this institution, they are promptly I02 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA.. sent back to the place whence they came. The average number of inmates per day throughout the year is about twenty-five, includ- ing those in both departments. For the present, as will be seen from what is above stated, the Hospital accommodation is sufficient for the need of the city. As the population increases, more room will be required. The prop- erty of the institution, bought by the ladies for ^4000,00 has greatly increased in value, and will doubtless continue to increase, as it is in the very heart of the city, not one minute's walk from the car- shed. At the proper time, this property will probably be sold at a large advance on its cost, and a new building, larger and more suit- able, will be erected. It is only a just recognition to record here the fact that to the pres- ent Vice-President and former President, Captain John Milledge, is due large praise for his great devotion to the work. He contributed much time to it, notwithstanding his official duties as Recorder of the city, and assisted the ladies greatly in securing a building. St. Joseph's Hospital is under charge of the Sisters of Mercy. The building which they own was erected originally for an Eye In- firmary, and is therefore, well suited for hospital purposes. Per- sons of all reliofious creeds are admitted. LIBRARIES. There are two leading library asssociations in the city. The Young Men's Library Association has a newly erected building on Decatur street, in the immediate vicinity of the Kimball and Mark- ham hotels. The building is a very handsome one, costing about thirty thousand dollars. The Association was organized in 1867 with about sixteen members, as stated in Part First of this book. It now has over eight hundred members and its own building. Each succeeding board felt the pressing ambition to do something to ad- vance the institution, and so year by year it made progress, and all had a share in the crowning success. In 1880 the building was dedicated, and President Julius L. Brown delivered an address, in which, speaking of the benefits, he said : "In 1S67, when those six- teen young men, the honored founders of this Association began ILL USTRA TED A TLA NT A. 103 their eood work Atlanta, with a population of less than one-half its present number, had no public schools for the children and no libraries for the adults. But Atlanta did have a police force nearly double that of to-day, and she expended more money to preserve order and protect property than it does to-day with schools, colleges and libraries, within her boundaries." The library has now some 10,000 volumes upon its shelves, and numerous fine paintings. Mr. Brown accomplished a great_ work for the library, and makes a pardonable expression of pride m the , dedicatory address in these words : "They who founded this Asso- elation felt that the city needed it. and some of us who have fol- lowed in their footsteps have for years anxiously looked forward to the day when the library should have a home of its own, when it would have an independent revenue of its own to be applied to the purchase of books, and to the days when there should be no dues required. It is my happy privilege, thank God, to say that during my administration the first step has been taken, that we are now in our own home and are no longer tenants and strangers in the houses of others." . To his board of directors, and preceding directors, great credit is likewise due, for each had a part to perform in the work culminating in the grand result. . In 1877 the Catholic Library Association organized. Its present officers are Peter Lynch, President; John Stephens Vice- Presidem ; Wm. Dowling, Secretary ; and the directors are John J. Lynch,JohnJ.Falvey.J.J.Duffy, John M. Graham, M._ Bowdm A Jordan M. E. Maher and M. Mahoney. The library is located in the basement of the Catholic church, and contains quite a large collection of books for its age. YOUNG MENS' CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. This Association is in a very flourishing condition. Its rooms are very p easant and comfortable, situated at 49 1-2 White- hall street. It has one hundred and fifty active members. Its ob- iect is the elevation of the moral character of young men by oppo- sition to evil influences, by personal attentions, invitations to the ATLANTA CUSTOM HOI' E, MARIETTA STREET. io6 ILLUSTRATED ATLAA^TA. churches, and otherwise. Having committees for various depart- ments of duty, they work in the jail, National Surgical Institute and in the Hospitals. They seek out strangers and look after them, and sit up with and take care of the sick. Mr. Walter Brown was the first President, and has been largely instrumental in its success. Mr. W. Woods White is the present President, and Walter E. Lewis, General Secretary, ATLANTA POST-OFFICE. Elsewhere is given a description of the splendid building of the Atlanta post-office. In the matter of business it is now one of the first in the country. Ex-Governor Benjamin Conley is the post- master, and has managed the office not only efficiently, but to the great satisfaction of men of all political parties. Mr. J. S. Nail is the assistant post-master, cashier and chief of the money order de- partment, and is the man for the place. The employees are Louis Seldner, registry clerk, W. H. Howard, assistant; Wallace Rhodes mailing clerk; D. A. Shumate, assistant; Frank Mills, distributing clerk; W. F. Mills, assistant; B. A. Stout, general delivery clerk; Miss Libbie B. Tuller, stamp clerk; and Charles D. Tuller, money ■order clerk. STREET RAILROADS. The City is pretty well supplied with means of locomotion. The Atlanta Street railroad has eleven miles of track and runs six lines. In 187 1 the company organized, the object being to establish a line to West End, the citizens of that suburb subscribing liberally. G. W. Adair, Richard Peters, John H. James, B. E. Crane, and others subscribed * 14,000, but $24,000 were needed, and Col. Adair promptly undertook to become personally responsible for the ex- cess. So the road was built, and September Sth, 1881, the West- ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA. 107 End line was completed to McPherson Barracks and the first car commenced running. Shortly after books were opened to build roads on Peachtree, Marietta and Decatur streets. Adair canvassed Peachtree, but raised only three or four hundred dollars. Adair and Peters then determined to take all the stock; these roads were built and others, including an extension from the Peachtree line to Ponce DeLeon Springs, about \\ miles, spanning a creek by a bridge 270 feet long and 40 feet high, the whole extension being accomplished in 38 working days. Mr. Adair took the manage- ment and Mr. Peters the construction. Cars commenced run- ning on the Marietta street line January 14th, 1872 ; on the Deca- tur line. May 3rd, 1872 ; on the the Ponce DeLeon, August 8th. 1872 ; on the Taylor Hill, March 30th, 1873 ; on the McDonough, street line May, 26th, 1873 ; and on the Whitehall street line Feb- ruary 15th, 1874. The total cost of these lines, including construc- tion and equipment, is nearly $200,000. The Imes all start from the vicinity of Whitehall street railroad-crossing, near the Depot and Hotels, and cars start every fifteen minutes. The time made is much faster than that usually made in Northern cities. The present officers are, Richard Peters, President, Edward Peters, Su- perintendent, and J. W. Culpepper, Treasurer. Col. Richard Peters owns a controlling interest of the stock. It is unnecessary to speak of the vast benefits to Atlanta resul- ting from this great enterprise, for the inception and completion of which the people of Atlanta are indebted to Richard Peters and G. W. Adair. The management is and always has been excellent. The Gate City Street Railroad Company.— Organized May, 28th, 1 88 1 by the election of officers. It commences oppo- site the Markham House on Wall street, runs to Pryor street, thence iDy the Kimball House to Wheat street, thence to Jackson, out Jack- son to Nolan, out Nolan to Boulevard, and thence to Angier Springs and Ponce DeLeon, making a beautiful and interesting route. Ar- rangements are making to build other lines. The present manage- ment is composed of M. B. Weed, President ; John Stephens, Sec- retary and Treasurer ; L. DeGive, L. B. Nelson, A. M. Reinhardt, John Stephens and M. B. Weed, Directors. io8 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. MEDICAL. INSTITUTIONS. The Atlanta Health Institute is located on West Peters street, on the most elevated site in Atlanta, in a beautiful home, surrounded with most tastefully arranged and well-shaded grounds. Its pro- cesses are known as the Hygienic, Movement and Electrical Water Cure. It is in charge of U. O, Robertson, M. D., Physician and THE ATLANTA HEALTH INSTITUTE, Surgeon; M.F. Horine, M. D., Assistant Physician and Manager; Mrs. U. O. Robertson, M. D., Lady Physician and Matron. Chronic diseases are treated with large success. The National Surgical Institute is located on Alabama street,. Elsewhere will be found a description of this splendid institution. ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 109 THE NATIONAL SURGICAL INSTITUTE. The merits of this institution are such, and the people of Atlan- ta accord it so high a place among the grand enterprises of the city, that a separate article is devoted to it. To see it is well worth the time of every visitor to the city. It is an institution from which life-long cripples come forth cured, and wher? hideous deformities are removed. Since its establishment here it has cured thousands- many of these cases apparently hopeless, and by ordinary medical treatment really incurable. Said a gentleman to a lady: "This is certainly a most beneficent institution, and many cures wrought by 'it are indeed remarkable." "Undoubtedly" was the lady's prompt reply, adding the testimony of her own personal observation in sub- stantially these words : "Not long since I saw on Whitehall street, walking arm in arm, a brother and sister, who had grown to years of maturity without taking a step till they came to the Institute." The building occupied by it is one of the largest and most com- modious in the city, five stories high, and located on the corner of Alabama and Pryor streets, in sight of the Passenger Depot and the leading hotels. The upper stories, devoted to lodging, are bisected by wide and spacious halls which furnish ample room for exercise and pure, fresh air. Upon the second floor are situated the offices, machinery rooms and various operating departments. Crossing a wide hall from the double doored entrance at the head of the stairway, the visitor is ushered into the office. From this there is direct communica- tion with the library, laboratory, and a well lighted apartment for surgical operations. Here are kept the very best surgical instru- ments, known to medical science and practice, though it is the prac- tice of the Institute to use them only in cases of absolute necessity, relying largely upon their methods of restoring and developing the physical man by mechanical appliances, electro-thermal and vapor baths, manipul?.tions and proper exercising. Upon another side from the central office there is entrance to the room for the treat- ILL US TRA TED ATLANTA. 1 1 r ment of ladies, who are attended by an excellent and long-experi- enced matron. Adjoining this is the ladies' reception parlor which is often used by the Young Men's Christian Association for hold- ing religious services. We pass the mailing and correspondence department wherein fifty or sixty letters of inquiry are often received in a day and answered. The visitor now finds him- self in a large broad apartment in the midst of machinery, braces, mechanical movements and appliances of numerous kinds, and a first-class gymnasium. The engine room opens from this hall, in which is situated an eight horse-power engine to drive all the various machines, com- plicated machinery and movements. This opens into the work- shop — Vulcan's forge— where Dr. J. C. Allensworth and his as- sistants manufacture into the exactly needed shapes the appli- ances used in the institution. This institution does not import ap- pliances ready made, but takes the measure of each case and manu- .^/ factures to suit it. Conveniently near Dr. Allensworth is the sketch ^ book, where bodies and limbs are outlined, with notes indicating where straightening is needed at this point or rounding out at that. Near by are the various baths, Russian Vapor, Electro-Thermal, and others. The electrical apparatus is so arranged as to charge the bath with the degree of electricity desired. The business is conducted with the perfect method that charac- terizes the operations of every department. Here is to be seen a collection of extracts from letters from parties expressive of their opinions of the Institute. It is true that the Institute is already abundantly endorsed and by the best men of the State, but there is a peculiarity about these letters, which make their endorsement much stronger than ordinary certificates. It is this feature— the writers were answering letters of inquiry from afflicted persons and did not expect their sentiments to be seen by the managers of the institute. They are powerful recomendations, sufficient to satisfy any in- telligent person of the remaikable capacity and success of this In- stitute. From Florida is a letter from a gentleman stating that his daughter was cured of clubfoot and is perfectly well. A North Carolina gentleman states that he was told that an afflicted limb never would be so strong as the other, but it could be restored and 1 1 2 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. would do him good service. An Alabama gentleman writes that from his experience he is satisfied that the Institute can treat all de- formities successfully. A South Carolina letter declares that the surgeons are all gentlemen and of acknowledged ability. Another lady writes that there need be no "fear of imposition." A gentle- man from South Carolina writes to an inquirer, "the surgeons are gentlemen, I would not hesitate to send there my wife and daugh- ter." But we have not space or time to quote further. These state- ments suffice to show the character of the institution and the men who run it. They do not undertake to cure every case, they are frank in their statements, they are reasonable in their charges, and they can cure all deformities that are curable. That is the testimony in brief. * The management of the Institute consists of D*". C. L. Wilson, surgeon in charge. Dr. K. H. Boland, business manager and treas- urer, and Dr. C. A. Wilson, with assistants. The institution has received the strongest endorsements from leading citizens of Atlan- ta and the State, including Senator Joseph E. Brown, and the State Treasurer who declares it "a great public benefit to have such an institution in Georgia." But the highest endorsement comes from the thousands of men, women and children scattered all over the South, who have been cured by it. It is a public blessing, and in- formation of it can not be too widely disseminated. Few persons are aware of the enormous number of cripples and deformed un- fortunate there are in every State. To these all good people, informed of the fact, shouM convey the intelligence that there exists in Atlanta a scientific institution which has the largest collec- tion in the South of mechanical appliances and scientific means for the cure of deformities and chronic diseases, and these appliances and means are operated with skill aided by long experience. FULTON COUNTY COURT-HOUSE. Now in course of erection, is situated near the center of the city, on the corner of Prior and Hunter street. It is rapidly approach- ing completion, and within a year the county of Fulton will have ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 113 a "Palace of Justice" of which she may well be proud. It is being built under the supervision of Judge Daniel Pittman, assisted by a committee of prominent gentlemen, and it will be a magnificent KULTON COUNTY COURT-HOUSE. and imposing structure-indeed it is said that it will be the finest and most substantial building of the kind in the South. 1 14 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. The total cost, including heating, etc., will probably be between ninety and one hundred thousand dollars. The cost of the United States' Custom House was about three hundred thousand dollars, and our Court House will compare favorably with it in point of du- rability, and will be superior to it in beauty of architecture. Much credit is due to Judge Pittman for the inception and beauty of this edifice, and for many public improvements in city and county while he was Ordinary. He spanned our streams with fine bridges ; and gave to the poor of the county a comfortable alms-house ; his man- agement of the county chain-gang was excellent ; he beautified the City Hall lot, and gave to the city her pleasant park. THE COTTON TRADE. The cotton trade has now become one of the city's strongest supports. Ten years ago Atlanta was not even recognized as a cotton market. The receipts in 1867, were about 17,000 bales. A few years later the receipts began steadily increasing, reaching 20,- 000 bales, then 32,000, then 55,000, then 65,000, and in the year 1877, reaching 90,000, and in 1881, reaching 130,000 bales. Not recognized as a cotton market ten years ago, Atlanta is now the third largest interior receiving point in the South. These facts alone would justify the statement, that, in a few years, Atlanta will handle 200,000 bales annually. But there are other reasons for the statement. The section immediately tributary to Atlanta is enlarg- ing, both in area and production, and the city is every year acquir- ing greater facilities for the trade, in the way of large compresses, low freights, and through bills of lading to Liverpool. It has, also, the needful capital and men. One firm, that of S. M. Inman & Co., handles the largest business done by any firm of interior buyers in the South, and are only exceeded by a few houses in the ports of the United States. They do at least two-third^ of the business passing through Atlanta. To them is largely due the rapid growth of the Atlanta cotton market, for they had the capital, enterprise, and ability necessary to accomplish it. ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 1 1 5 EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS. The educational facilities of Atlanta compare favorably with those of any other city. The Public Schools of the city, organized ten years ago, are of a high character, embracing a High School system for botn sexes. The buildings are large, commodious and conveniently located, one or more in every ward of the city. Besides the Public Schools, there are numerous private schools of a high order, and well patronized. There are also several Col- leges. The Atlanta Female College is a flourishing institution. Its principal and founder is Mrs. W. J. Ballard, who is in every sense qualified to preside over it. So popular is she, that a num- ber of citizens raised sufficient capital to erect upon the leading residence street, a most elegant college building, upon the most im- proved and thorough plan, and which will soon be finished. The faculty is large, and is composed of educators of established repu- tation. The negro population is well cared for. They not only have their public schools, but also several collegiate institutions, Atlanta Uni- versity, Clark University, and others. Moore's Business University is the leading business college of the South, and has been established over twenty-five years. The teaching of this college is such that a young man steps forth from it prepared to conduct extensive business, for, he has been actively engaged in busijiess from the day he entered the institution. This js one of the features of the institution that a regular system of business is carried on by every student. One who steps into the institution at once is attracted to this fact, that business operations are actively going on, buying and selling, negotiating paper, bal- ancing books, shipping goods, receiving consignments, etc. The college is now in full working order, Vvcll supplied with teachers, and has a patronage reaching into the Far West. The 1 16 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. President, B. F. Moore, is not only an accomplished educator, but a gentleman in the fullest sense, who is very popular with the peo- ple of Atlanta, and with all his students. No better or more prac- tical business education can be obtained anywhere in the United States than in this city, and the fact is pretty widely known. THE TRADE IN FERTILIZERS. Atlanta is now one of the largest distributing points South for fertilizers, nearly all the manufacturers in the United States having general agents here, and she is also making rapid strides as a manu- facturing centre. In 1876 Messrs Geo. W. Scott & Co., who have been for many years connected with the development of the Charleston Phos- phates, started in this city, the manufactory of their now Famous Brand " Gossypiuin. "Their business has grown to such propor- tions that they have this season completed a new factory with a capacity of eight to te?i thousand tons ; and they and their friends are now preparing to start a Cotton Seed Oil Mill — cotton-seed meal being an important ingredient in these fertilizers. The Pendelton Guano Company are also erecting new works which willl greatly increase their capacity. The Georgia Chemical & Mining Company have just completed one of the best equipped works in the country, including four im- mense acid chambers. These works are under the skillful man- agement of Prof. N. A. Pratt, who is recognized as one of the lead- ing agricultural chemists of the age. They will burn sulphur from the copper and iron pyrites that abound in this section, and thus furnish the manufacturers with an ample supply oi pure sulphuric acid. This company will also grind phosphates by Pratt's new acid process. Situated about midway between the Phosphate Beds of the Caro- lina coast and the great slaughter-pens of the Northwest — from which comes the ammoniacal material, with sulphuric acid, extrac- ted from the minerals of her own hills, with cotton-seed meal pre- pared from the seed of her surrounding farms, and with the mod- erate freight rates arranged by the railroad commissioners At- ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 117 lanta is,indeed, well equipped for furnishing the farmers of Georgia and adjoining States the very best and purest fertilizers at the lowest possible prices, and thus retain a large amount of money in her borders, to be paid back to her own people, for labor and sup- plies. ANNUAL BUSINESS. The combination of enterprise and superior commercial facilities has made Atlanta the supply market of a gradually widening area of country. Its wholesale business and manufactures now pene- trate all surrounding States, and frequently into sections beyond. Some indication of the extent and superior sweep of its trade is found in the ofHcial statement, that there is, in weight, more origi- nal mail matter handled in the Atlanta post-office than in the post- office of any other Southern city — excelling even New Orleans ; the statement also showing this other remarkable fact, that, in the weight of original mail matter, which has nearly doubled in the last year, there are only fifteen cities in the United States ahead of At- lanta. Its great factories and mammoth wholesale establishments are not surpassed in capacity anywhere in the South. There is not a v/ant of society or of trade, which it does not supply. The sales of the last year aggregated about $50,000,000. Notices of some of our immense establishments will be found elsewhere. MANUFACTURES. Among the many interests which, since the close of the war, have experienced new life and great development, is that of manu- facturing ; indeed, so great has been the progress, that Atlanta is now, unquestionably, the leading manufacturing city of the State^ in the variety and value of its manufactures. Manufacturing es- tablishments are numerous, including foundries and machine shops, agricultural and terra-cotta works, ice factories, rolling mill, paper mills, tobacco factories, candy and cracker factories, and two cot- ton factories. The manufacture of agricultural implements is con- ducted on a mammoth scale. ii8 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 119 One of the largest cotton factories South has been built, and is supplied with 10,000 spindles, and all necessary machinery. It is in operation under the management of R. B. Bullock, and the Su- perintendency of George B. Harris, and employs about six hun- dred hands. Mr. W. S. Zellars, of Palmetto, furnished the first ten bales of cotton used by the factory, and took payment in stock. When cotton spin- ning in the South is spoken of, Georgia comes to the front as a leading Southern State in this department of industry. People, how- ever, are inclined to look upon Augusta and Columbus as our man- ufacturing centres. It is not generally known, that in Atlanta, and within a radius of twenty miles around this city, there is cott6n machinery having a . capacity to spin twenty thousand bales a year. This is about what Columbus consumes, and half as much as Augusta. Besides this, there is a shoal on the Chatta- hoochee, within a few miles of the city, where it is contemplated soon to make a large preparation for machinery, in the way of a dam and canal which will give a water-power almost, if not fully, equal to that of Colum- bus or Augusta. It is confidently expected that withm a fevv years there will be several mills erected at this point, and that Atlanta will have more spindles in its vicinity than any other city in the OF THE MARKHAM HOUSE. 122 ILL us TRA TED A TLANTA. State. But Atlanta is independent of water-power, as it has an exhaustless coal supply to run its machinery by steam, and already has one of the largest cotton factories in the South in operation, be- sides. The Tennessee and Alabama coal is sufficiently near for supply, but we have in Georgia two mines, the Dade and Castle Rock, which ship daily about thirty caY-loads, which ^e not one- half their capacity. These mines are operated by the Dade Coal Company, and are able to furnish Georgia with an indefinite sup- ply. The Castle Rock coal is an excellent coal for domestic use, and is extensively used in the city, and being nearer to market than any oth^, is correspondingly cheaper. But the Dade coal is the coal for steam and iron making, and is said to have no superior. Its great excellence for this purpose is attested by the following analysis, from the great coal analyser, J. Blodgett Brittain : Fixed carbon 65.88, volatile combustible matter 25.58, ash 7.56, moisture .98 ; the percentage of coke being 73.44, and the sulphur in 100 parts of coke being only .11, General McRae, John H. Flynn, and the Georgia Railroad authorities, use this Dade Coal in large quan- tities for steam, and give it the highest character. With an un- limited supply of coal at this place, we have one great reason why Atlanta is becoming a great manufacturing centre ; and we doubt not that in time the manufacture of locks bolts, hinges, knives, etc., will be added to our present products. It is also an advantage not to be overlooked that these mines and coal lands belong to Georgia companies, who have displayed the largest liberality in the sale of coal, and in contributions to manufacturing enterprises — having subscribed five thousand dollars to our cotton factory alone — and we have a guarantee of the continuance of this policy, in the char- acter of the officers of these comipanies, who are: of the Dade, Jo- seph E. Brown, President ; Julius L. Brown, Vice-President ; C. D. Watson, Treasurer, and B. E. Wells, Superintendent ; of the Castle Rock Company, Julius L. Brown, President, and W. C. Mor- rill, Treasurer. Another large manufacture has been started within a few years, that of fertilizers. This branch of business has grown to such dimensions that a separate article is devoted to it. The Atlanta Rolling Mill employs from five to six hundred hands, and the annual sales of its products exceed a half million ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 123 dollars. Its capacity is about eighty tons of rails and forty tons of bar iron per day. The rail made by it is said by competent railroad men to be equal to the steel rail. It is now under the superin- tendency of Grant Wilkins, and manufactures rails, bar, and bridge iron, spikes, bolts, fish plates, etc. There are several foundries and machine shops, exclusive of those of the different railroad companies. Prominent among these are the machine works of E. Van Winkle & Co., which furnishes cotton presses, saw and cane a mills, and agricultural h machinery in general. § The cotton press and n cotton gin feeder, :^ known as Van Win kle's, have a wide rep- g utation. ^ The iron foundry of W. S. Withers, on the corner of Calhoun street and Georgia Railroad, manufac- tures all kinds of cast- ings, fencing, grates, etc., turning out most excellent work. One of the new and greatest manufacturing industries of Atlan- ta is that of the terra-cotta works, established by Pelligrini & Cas- tleberry. Artificial stone is made, which to a very great extent, serves all purposes of the natural stone. Ornamental work for buildings, such as cornices, window caps, and sills, and the like, is 124 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. largely manufactured, and may be seen upon our prominent busi- ness structures and private residences ; also vases and ornamental articles for halls and gardens. This firm is making a very large quantity of pipe for the city authorities for sewers. The manufacturing of candy and crackers has grov^n into tre- mendous proportions, and supplies a wide section of the country. The manufacturing establishment of Jack & Holland is well and very extensively known. There are two paper mills. The Sugar Creek Mills, of Wm McNaught (S: Co. manufacture nearly a half million pounds per annum. THE SUGAR CREEK PAPER MILLS. Mr. James M. Ormond has also fine mills near the city, which makes newspaper used in many States, South and West, It is safe to state that the manufactured products of Atlanta, in value, amount annually to eight millions of dollars, and give em- ployment to several thousand hands. ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 125 THE WHOLESALE TRADE. Within the last five years the wholesale trade of Atlanta has as- rsumed enormous proportions. In dry goods alone the annual sales now swell to nearly ten mill- ions of dollars. Our leading houses, such as M. C. &. J. F. Kiser & Co., Moore. Marsh & Co., and John Silvey & Co., in the amount 126 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. of capital invested, and the mammoth proportions of their business, are not excelled south of Baltimore. Take, for instance, the first mentioned house, M. C. &. J. F. Kiser & Co. They occupy an en- tire building of four floors, including basement. In these four sto- ries is gathered a little world of dry goods, in all varieties, and of articles connected with that trade. A purchasing merchant could not call for an article which would not be instantly forthcoming. Their annual sales reach one million dollars. The wholesale grocery business is nearly as large, and there are equally great houses in it. James R. Wylie, Langston & Crane,. A. C. & B. F. Wyly, Fuller & Oglesby, Dunn, Alexander & Co.,. carry an immense trade. METROPOLITANISM. There is no greater evidence of the position assumed by the city of Atlanta in the estimation of the whole country, than its popu- larity as a place of holding National conventions. It is a "City of Conventions." In all the land there is no other that surpasses it in this particular. Its geographical position, and political importance have long since made it the meeting place of all State conventions ; but in late years it has become the favorite of National bodies for the holding of annual or biennial conventions. It has had the Interna- tional Sunday School Convention, Masonic and Odd Fellows' Con- ventions, railroad conventions, conventions of the leading religious bodies in the United States; indeed it is safe to say that, taking the year round, there is an average of at least one State and National convention a week. It thus becomes the theatre of prominent Na- tional events, and it has been the scene of a special visit from the President of the United States himself. The visit of President Hayes a few years since, and his speech from the verandah of the Markham House, will be remembered. It has also enjoyed the presence of one of the largest gatherings of the volunteer soldiery of the country. All this proves that Atlanta has reached the rank. of a real metropolis. ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 127 BANKING CAPITAL. In speaking of the commercial crisis, it was stated that not a single bank in Atlanta was overwhelmed. This fact proclaimed volumes in praise of their management and solid status. That an idea may be had of Atlanta's strength in the way of banking insti- tutions and capital, the leading banks, together with some of the prominent business men and capitalists in their management, will be noted. • The Atlanta National Bank, with that great finan- cier at its head. President A. Austell, has a capital of $200,000. Among the direc- tors are such men as W. B. Cox, W. J. Garrett, S. M. Inman, and R. H. Richards, The Merchants' Bank of Atlanta, formerly State National Bank, has a capital of 200,000. Campbell Wal- lace, a distinguished ex-rail- road manager and capital- ist, is the President, and W. A. Moore, senior member of the great house of Moore, Marsh & Co., is Vice-Presi- dent, and among the direc- tors and other officers, are Jas. R. Wylie, J. H. Porter, Ben. E. Crane, Clinton I. Brown, Geo. Winship and H ' Ma&ia ! w^ g !a!jti*.»-tJ. Next to Boaz is. Dr. J. Stainback Wilson's Turkish Baths. Atlanta's great plasterer. Thrower, has an office at No. 12 Loyd. Mr. J. G. Thrower is a gentleman whose name is very familiar in Atlanta, being in a very particular sense a "household" w^ord, for he has plastered more private and public buildings than any man in Atlanta, or all the balance put together. "And his works do praise him." He was the plasterer of the Kimball House, and of the most prominent public edifices of Atlanta, winding up with the work in the Exposition buildings. Plain and ornamental plaster- ing, calcimining, and all work in the line of his business he executes with great skill. He keeps a regular force of good workmen con- ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. i6i stantly employed, being never without a number of buildings in different parts of the city to finish up, though he can pick up the tools and beat his best workman, for he is master of his trade. Such a man always has as much as he can do. Being a very intelligent and thoughtful man he very frequently publishes, in interview or letter form, hints and suggestions to the ladies in reference to the proper care and management of the walls and interior embellish- ments. But Mr. Thrower is as widely known in another field. He is a chief temperance advocate in the State, never lagging in the cause. He is a recognized leader, in fact the most prominent in Atlanta. He has accomplished great good by his zeal and unremit- ting efforts, which have become so familiar to the public that his name has almost become a "synonym" for temperance. WALL STREET. This street starts at the Markham House, and runs only two blocks, but it is one of the most important business streets in At- lanta, being thick with wholesalesale houses, offices, etc. After the corner building on Loyd street, occupied by the Richmond & Danville railroad company for its various offices, comes the Brown Block, which is a massive structure occupied up stairs by offices. Lawyer Julius Brown, former president of the Young Men's Library, and who is one of the prominent young men of the city, has his of- fice here. Next to it is the ofifice of Capt. W. D. Ellis, another prominent young lawyer and city official. Mr. Ellis came to At- lanta from South Carolina, about twelve years ago, just after hav- ing been admitted to the bar in that State. He has been a member of City Council three terms, and is at present Solicitor of the City Court of Atlanta,a court whose civil jurisdiction is almost unlimited, and whose criminal jurisdiction extends to all misdemeanors com- mitted within the county of Fulton. But leaving the offices and descending to ^he first floor we come to one of the great drug estab- lishments of the city. Geo. J. Howard &Bro., 36 and 38 Wall street, have one of the finest wholesale drug establishments in the South. Their stock embraces all the goods and varieties of articles that go to make up 1 62 ILL US TEA TED A TLANTA. such a house. Druggists of this and other States are supplied by this house with complete stocks. Messrs. Howard & Bro., also- manufacture for the trade to a considerable extent, and their prep- arations are winning quite a reputation. In addition to their whole- sale department, they also have one for retail, which is one of the most elegantly and handsomely furnitured and appointed in the South. In this department they retail the best and most popular medicines and compound prescriptions under the direction of a. skilled and thoroughly competent and experienced pharmaceutist. The ladies find here the most exquisite colognes and toilet goods, and the public generally are served in a hrst class style and satisfac- tory way in every particular. The Gate City National Bank, on the corner of Wall and Pryor streets, has a capital of $250,000. It was originally a State bank. but was converted into a national bank, with enlarged capital. Lod- Gwick J. Hill is president, L.M. Hill, vice-president, and Edward S. McCandless, cashier. PEACHTREE STREET. Messrs. Parkins & Bruce, architects, are on the second floor of the Healy building, corner of Peachtree and Marietta streets. These gentlemen have done much to make Atlanta what it is in point of architecture. The splendid building in which their office is, as well as the large majority of the magnificient storehouses and beautiful residences which have been erected in the past few years, were designed by them, including the Kimball House, Library building, and principal churches. They have a reputation that is more than State-wide, for they have calls into different States, and frequently send their designs for public and private buildings to considerable distances. Their business is very large, and probably they have no superiors in their profession in the South. The splendid building, corner of Peachtree and Marietta street, one of the finest structures in Atlanta, is the work and property of Mr. T. G. Healy, who has been a contractor and builder in Atlan- •ta tvv^enty-seven years. Mr. Healy built the Kimball House, Capi- tol, Passenger Depot, Catholic church. Post Office, as well as many ,31"" blilljilliiliiiiiiiiii ^;ifc,,r' /'is. i64 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA, other of the finest edifices in the city, private and public, and has just finished the Exposition buildings. He owns extensive prop- erty in the city, and has been a resident of Georgia 36 years. The People's Mutual Relief Association has its offices in the build- ing on the corner of Peachtree and Wall streets, directly opposite the National Hotel, occupying the whole second floor. Their plan of assurance is now the most popular, and altogether the safest. The Gate City Bank is their repository. Among its officers, are Wm. S. Baker, president, and R. O. Randall, secretary. The cost of insurance is about one-third of that on the old plan. Near this street an extensive business has been carried on, in part, by a gentleman who is now a member of the Legislature, whose success in business has been so phenomenal that a passing notice will be readable, as it illustrates the possession of those qualities which recommended him to the people for official stations of responsibility ; and so it is with many of our citizens. Mr. Frank P. Rice was one of the earliest settlers of Atlanta. When a mere boy he was apprenticed to the first book bindery in Atlanta, and carried a route for one of the papers, the Weekly Examiner, and about his first work was driving a dump cart for a railroad. Steadily from that day he pushed his way, gradually gathering around him friends and property. Forming a patnership in the lumber business, he has seen it prosper greatly, and all his business ventures have similarly resulted, proving his busi- ness capacity, and making him a wealthy man. But all his wealth he has put into real estate, his faith in the future of Atlanta being •supreme. In the municipal politics and history of the city he has had an honorable prominence. He was elected to Council in 1867, and was a fourth time chosen. In 1880 he was elected to the Legislature, leading the ticket in the vote, and has been active in thatbody, pushing through the bill creating County Commissioners, the Cole charter, and other important measures. He has always taken a spirited part in public enterprises, and is a most valuable citizen. T. M. Clarke, & Co., wholesale hardware and saddlery, corner of ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. ■67 Peachtree and Line streets, have the leading establishment in this line ill the city. It is the oldest house, having been started in the early days of Atlanta. It has grown until it is equal to any hard- ware house in the South, Their building is one of the largest and handsomest in the city. The firm consists of Thomas M. Clarke, R. C. Clarke, J. C. Kirkpatrick and Jno. C. Fitten. Taylor's Drug Store, corner of Marietta and Peachtree streets, is one of the handsomest in the State. The store is situated in the very heart of the city, and the most crowded thoroughfare. The stock is excellent, cov- ering everything car- ried in a first-class drug store. Walter A. Taylor, the proprietor, has long experience in the business, and has built up a most suc- cessful trade. But his greatest triumph is his manufacture of Tay- lor's Premium Co- logne. It has gained a wide-spread celebrity, and finds a sale in all parts of the country. At times it. has been difficult to supply the demand for it, which is - taylor's drug store. constantly growing. The prescription department is in the most competent hands and is a special feature of recommendation. On the whole, Mr. Taylor has a model drug store, reflecting not only credit upon himself, but also upon the city. The beauty and 1 66 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. style of its appointments ; the excellence and variety of its stock, the efficiency of its various departments,and the popularity of the cologne manufactured by it.seem to keep pace with each other. Messrs. Hunnicutt & Bellingrath, 36 and 38 Peachtree, have an immense stock of house furnishing goods, stoves, plan- ter's goods, etc. Their building, which they erected a number of years ago to accom- modate their growing business, is one of the largest and best in the city. The house has grown up with At- lanta, and its pro- prietors are among the earliest inhabitants. It is perhaps the largest establishment of the kind in Georgia. Wm. Clifford Neff, & Co., have at No. 70 Peachtree, an office for their soap manufactures. Here may be seen popular varieties — some thirty brands — of toilet and laundry soaps — made in Atlanta. These gentlemen are valuable and enterprising citizens, running in addition to their soap works a large ice factory, under the name of Artie Ice Company, managed by the junior of the firm, C. G. Neff. HUNNICUTT & BELLIKGRATH's STORE. MARIETTA STREET. Phillips & Crew, Nos. 6, 8 and 10 Marietta street, have one of the largest book and music stores in the South. They have been in the business in Atlanta for sopie ten years, and in this time have built up a splendid trade, extending into various States. They deal in school books, blank books, stationery, and in everything gener- ally kept in a well appointed book store, for such it is.and first-class in every respect. Their music store carries in stock the famous ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 167 Knabe and other good pianos, and many makes of organs, includ- ing the splendid Clough & Warren. A full line of musical instru- ments is kept, and sheet music is made a specialty. Messrs Phil- lips & Crew are highly respected citizens, whose establishment is an honor to the city. The furniture establishment of P. H. Snook, near the corner of Marietta and Peachtree streets, is an immense affair. His store and warerooms stretch fropa. Marietta street clear through to Wal- ton, and are literally packed with goods. He sells at wholesale and retail, is constantly shipping and receiving goods, and is doing a p. H. snook's. tremendous business. His orders come from all parts of Georgia, and from neighboring States. He carries a great variety of goods in stock, and his prices run from tens into thousands of dollars for suits. His establishment is of course visited by every person who comes to Atlanta with any idea of making purchases of furniture. i68 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. The Singer Sewing Machine Company's office and salesroom No. 42 Marietta street, are very elegant. The popularity of the machine is universal, and its sales have run up to an enormous fig- ure, in 1880 exceeding a half million. Mr. G. W. Leonard is the manager of the Southern Department, of which Atlanta is the headquarters. His management has been very successful, and the Singer is a general favorite. At No. 27 Marietta, is the agricultural seed store and machinery warehouse of Mark W. Johnson & Co. They have been in the business ior many years, and enjoy a trade extending to very far distances. TLe farmer can get of them anything he needs in the MARK \V. JOHNSON & CO S. line of farm implements and agricultural machinery, as well as the choicest and best seeds, to which department special attention is paid. The best brands of fertilizers are also sold by this house. The Atlanta Bridge Works of Wilkins, Post & Co. are on this street, near the city limits. They have one hundred or more em- ployees. They are now, in 1881, building iron bridges on the Memphis & Charleston, Georgia, and Alabama Western, roads. They furnished all the iron work for our county court-house. About two years ago Wilkins, Post & Co. established their shops perma- nently in Atlanta, and their machinery is complete. They have vet. ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 169. connection the largest foundry in the city. They will probably erect at an early day a new building about 50 x 100 feet. At a point of our view of Marietta, that indicated by the large sign on which is seen the word "Remington," the reader can find what may be called the cradle of the sewing machine business in At- lanca.although less than a dozen years have passed since the erection of this fine business block. Many changes have taken place in the sewing machine trade of this section. The present occupants of No. 31 are the well known firm of Fred Bell & Co. The senior partner of this house was born and raised in England ; coming to Amerca in 1852, he has been engaged in the sewing machine busi- ness over a score of years. Mr. Bell was one of the first occupants of Opera House building, and for ten years past, amid the many changes that have transpired has steadily maintained a prominent position as a wholesale dealer. At present the house of Fred Bell & Co. are sole agents for the Stewart Sewing Machines and needles, parts, oil and attachment for all machines, which they sell strictly to the trade only, having exclusive control of the States of Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina and Florida. This was one of the iirst houses in the South to sell sewing machines as merchandize. The Boiler Works of Jas. A. Gifford, are at 222 Marietta street. Mr. GifTord manufactures boilers, wrought and sheet iron work. He furnishes our leading factories and shops in this line, which is a sufficent proof of his skill. E. L. Winham, printer. No. 8 1-2 Marietta street, has one of the most complete of the smaller job establishments of the city. He has recently added several more presses to his press room, making his facilities excellent for general work. Wm. Brenner, manufacturer of and dealer in mill stones, porta- ble mills, and mill findings, is at 320 and 322 Marietta street Mr. Brenner emplovs an average of six to ten hands and his annual sales will amount to $25,000. He sells into the Southern States gen- erally, and his vvork is first class, finding a good market where- ever it is introduced. Mr. Brenner has been in this business a great many years, and understands his trade in all its details. John Davis, 221 Marietta street, has a brass foundry and ma- chine shop, where he does the best of work in his Ime. He has a 1 70 ILL US TRA TED A TLANTA. brick building of good dimensions, partly two-stories high, and on a corner lot. Mr. Davis is a practical machinist, is skillful and indus- trious, and has thus built himself up by degrees, until he has a foundry of his own and a good business. The Atlanta Coffin Factory, of L. H. Hall, & Co., is near Mari- etta street, on the corner of Elliott and Newton streets. It is one of the biggest manufacturing enterprises of Atlanta. The capital invested in grounds, buildings and machinery, is about $50,000, and employs some fifty hands. $50,000, however, would not buy it. It is a very successful enterprise. Started four years ago on Decatur street, its business grew so rapidly that it necessitated the building of a factory. The building, which is three stories high, 140x160 feet in dimensions, exclusive of engine and drying rooms, is heated by steam pipes. The manufacture of cofifins and caskets covers every style and price, and they are shipped all over the South. In looking at the stock one would think that he saw every kind made, both wood and metallic, so perfect is the imitation of metal and of the various kinds of wood. They are prepared to ship at telegram's notice, any desired style or size, so complete is their stock and machinery. There are two acres surrounding the factory which will be used at an early day for factory cottages. L. H. Hall and E. E. Rawson are the company. The Atlanta Cotton Factory is one of the great indus- tries of the city, located on this street, 170 and 172. On account of financial difficulties in the building and starting of it, it has been placed in the hands of a receiver. ex-Governor R. B, Bullock, who is now managing it with success. The Atlanta Brass Foundry, Geo. R. Meneely & Co., are near Marietta street, on the corner of Foundry and the Western & Atlantic railroad. The building, which is of brick, is owned by the company, as also about an acre of land. The Atlanta foundry was established to look after the interest of the company in the Southern States. The^• manufacture Hopkins' patent self-fitting journal bearings, and supply a great many railroads. Several hands are employed. The foundry has facilities for general brass castings, but makes no bells. ILL US TRA TED A TLAN TA . 171 E. Van Winkle & Co., 214 and 216 Marietta street, and 16, 18 and 20 Foundry street, manufacture cotton gins, presses, circular saws, sawmills, shafting, mill gearing, castings, etc. This is the leading establishment of this kind, not only of Atlanta, but of Geor- gia. To give an idea of its growth and magnitude it need only be said that three or four years ago they occupied the factory as shown in the accompaying cut ; since that time this has been re- placed by a mammoth brick structure covering nearly an acre of ground, fronting 115 feet on Marietta, iSoon Foundry, and 250 on the Western & Atlantic railroad. The average number of hands is about seventy-five, and the capital invested from seventy- five to a hundred thou_ sand dollars. It will be seen that this is one of the great industries of the city that go to make up its prosperity. It not only feeds three or four hundred people, but it enriches the city by its sales, which ramify Geor- ^^ gia and neighboring States. There- is no gin in the market more pop- E. VAN WINKLE & CO's. ular than the Van Winkle, and it has been difficult to keep up with the orders for it. The firm is composed of E. Van Winkle, who is a practical machinist, and has been engaged in the business many years, and Mr. W. W. Boyd, who manages the books and finances. FORSYTH STREET. Messrs. Geo. W. Scott & Co., guano manufacturers, are located upon this street. They have a great and growing trade for their manufactures. Their new factory is on the Georgia railroad near the city limits. Avery. & Sons, carriages, wagons and plows occupy the whole of the large warehouse building corner of Forsyth and Alabama •streets. This is a branch of the Louisville house, which is one of ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 173 the largest establishments in the United States. It is complete in its departments, and always has an immense stock on hand. Mr. George L. Miller is the manager of the Atlanta Branch. Logan & Co., flour merchants, are at 18 S. Forsyth street, near Marietta. The firm is composed of Frank R. Logan and James L. Logan. They have been in the business for many years, and have sold heavily in this and neighboring sections. So great has their business grown that they have occupied recently their present large store, or fire-proof warehouse, where they keep on hand the differ- ent grades of flour they sell. They have mills of their own at Bridge- port, East Tennessee, the firm there being Susong, Logan & Co. Logan & Co., handle in this market all the brands of their mills, the Waverly and the Bridgeport, and also the brands of other mills. They are wholesale dealers in flour and grain. B. M. Winn & Co., wholesale dealers in tobacco and cigars, have their office at No. 18. The firm consists of Frank R. Logan, of Lo- gan & Co., and B. M. Winn, who has been in the business for eleven years, which gives him a valuable experience. They deal in North Carolina tobacco, buying from first parties. The firm of B. M. Winn &. Co., are also manufacturers' agents for tobacco and cigars. W^EST ALABAMA STEEET. Maddox, Rucker, & Co., 36 West Alabama street, are bankers, •cotton factors, and dealers in fertilizers. They have recently erected a magnificent warehouse, one of the largest and best in the State. Col. R. F. Maddox, the senior membar of the firm, is one of At- lanta's oldest and most respected citizens. He is of those citizens who are always prominent in public enterprises, that 'speed the city on its way of prosperity. He was a prominent member of the citizens' committee, which drafted our new charter, a work of great blessing, and one that will be more and more beneficial as the city grows older. Col. Maddox has often been honored by the people with official station, and has discharged his duty to their satisfaction. A few years since, at a very critical period he was chairman of the Aldermanic Board, and in that capacity managed the finances of the city so well, as to improve greatly its financia 174 • ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. condition and largely advance the general interests of the city. He is now and has been an active member of the Executive Committee of the International Cotton Exposition, and has earnestly labored to make it a grand success. In business he has been uniformly prosperous, and his integrity alike in commercial and official life, united with fine capacity, is the secret of his honorable prominence and success. In his present extensive business his partners are possessed of high character and qualities for its successful manage- ment. HUNTER STREET. This is a very important street and is still to be more prominent. Our new Court House is upon it, and the State Capitol will be in a few years. The city hall and park are on this street. The building is jointly used at present by county and city officers. A look within it any day will reveal some faithful officers at work. There is C. M. Payne, one of the quietest and finest of gentlemen, and one of the best county treasurers in the State of Georgia. He is so popular with the people that they select him every time. A. M. Perkerson, the Sheriff, and one of the best any county ever had, here has his office with his assistants, and is as clever a man as he is a faithful official • Near this is the Ordinary's office, now filled by Judge Wm. Lowndes Calhoun, one of the most popular men in Fulton county, in this particular very like his father, who in his life-time held many offices at the hands of the people. Judge Calhoun has been a memiber of the Legislature, was last year Mayor of the city, and was elected Ordinary by a flattering vote. He is a good lawyer, and will make ' a good judge in the Ordinary's courts. In all county matters within his jurisdiction he will doubtless serve the county faithfully. Upon the same floor are the offices of the City Clerk, Marshal and Tax Receiver. This latter gentleman is Jas. A. Anderson, who has had quite a noted and certainly very honorable career in Atlanta. Coming here quite a young man, he worked his way into the confidence of the people, has represented his ward in Council, was several years Chief of Police under the new system, and has- 176 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. been recently elected-to the office he now holds by the City Council. During most of this time his law partner was John B. Goodwin, a young law^yer, whose career has been quite similar, representing his ward in Council and being now one of the three Aldermen of the city by the general vote of the citizens Last year he narrowly missed being nominated for the State Senate, which would have been equiv- alent to an election. Mr. Goodwin is attentive to his duties as a city official and is an active participant in the proceedings of the General Council. Bergstrom's printing house, 2J E. Hunter street, is a neat build- building, 30x75 feet, specially erected for him, and finely adapted to the printing business. Redoes journal, book and job printing, and has an experience of many years in his profession. Mr. J. K. Tnrower is the foreman or assistant of Mr. Bergstroln, and is a very worthy gentleman, who has been in the printing business for a long period. He is also one of the five Police Commissioners who control the police force of the city, having been elected to this responsible position by the General Council. Tichnor, Dunlop & Co., at No. 11 East Hunter street, are gen- eral job and book printers. They have a new office, with the latest styles of type, and four or five presses. They employ an average of ten or a dozen printers. Their work is excellent and satisfac- tory and has brought them a large custom. A. Ergenzinger's is headquarters for upholstery, at 12 East Hun- ter street. The manufacture of awnings and tents is a specialty. The flour mills of Henry Lewis, corner of Hunter and Thompson streets, rank among the leading enterprises of the Gate City. They have been established seven years, and the popularity of their pro- ducts is such that it is almost impossible for Mr. Lewis to keep up* with his orders, though his mills have a capacity of two hundred barrels a day. Lewis Patent Process, Choice and Extra Family brands tind sale in numerous States, especially Georgia and South Carolina. The flour sells well in any market. ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 177 OTHER PROMINENT HOUSES. The hardware house of McNaught & Scrutchin is on White- hall street. This is an old firm. Mr. Wm. McNaught, the senior member, was born in Scotland, but came to Atlanrta from Newport, Florida, where he was in the commission and cotton business many years with James Ormond. In Atlanta, with Mr. Thomas Scrutchin and Mr. Ormond, he started a hardware store. His place of business was destroyed during the war, but he rebuilt after it. In 1864 he started a paper mill in connection with Colonel J. G. Foreacre, and later built another mill. Mr. Thomas Scrutchin is partner in both the hardware business and the mills. Hutchison & Bro., I4 Whitehall street, have a very fine drug store, complete in all its appointments. They carry in stock all drugs, medicines and other goods usually found in such a store, and a fine line of toilet articles, including an excellent cologne of their own manufacture. They also carry a stock of the most pop- ular patent remedies. They manufacture, themselves, a remedy which has won a large reputation, Neuralgine, for the cure of neu- ralgia and headache. The merits of this remedy have the endorse- ment of many prominent and widely known persons. The pre- scription department of this establishment is reliable, and medi- cines are compounded by competent pharmaceutists. This store has a very large city trade, §nd it is growing in public favor. The Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine has gained a wide pop- ularity in the South, and especially in Georgia. Their headquar- ters in this city, on Whitehall street, are very elegant. Mr. Wey- burn is the manager of this department. O. L. Braumuller & Co., No 35 Whiteball street, have a large stock of pianos and organs, including the Chickering piano and Mason & Hamlin organ. This is a branch house of Ludden & Bates of Savannah, one of the greatest music houses of the South. Pur- chasers will always find a varied stock in store from which to select. Messrs. Braumuller & Co., also keep sheet music, and can supply any demand for it, however great. Their business is ex- cellent and growing. 178 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. MITCHELL STREET. Messrs. W. J. Willingham & Co., on Mitchell street at the cross- ing of the Central railroad, are extensive dealers, wholesale and re- tail, of dressed and undressed lumber, flooring and ceiling, and make a specialty of selling in car load lots. Located immediately on the line of road leading from the great lumber regions of Geor- gia, they have great facilities in the trade. Mr. Willingham estab- lished the business last year, coming from Forsyth, where he was highly respected. He has formed a partnership with W. A. Will- ingham, of Columbus, and J. T. Willingham, of Atlanta, the latter of whom has charge of the books of the concern. M. E. Maher, wholesale liquors, ii West Mitchell street, has been a member of Council, and in that capacity served the city well. The citizens will remember his efforts in a number of important mat- ters, which by his energy and persistent work were pushed to a successful issue for the city, saving a large amount to its treasury. W. T. Wilson, 14 Mitchell street, is the manager for Atlanta, and this section of the Davis vertical feed sewing machine. He sells at wholesale to merchants throughout the South. The Davis ma- chine has won distinction at our fairs, and does most beautiful work. LINE STREET. W. L. Jarvis, manufacturer of carriages, buggies, sewing ma- chine wagons, and other styles of vehicles, has his factory at 44 Line street, and his repository just around the corner from it, on Pryor street. Mr. Jarvis is one of the first manufacturers of the State, and his vehicles are made with skill, showing strength, gracefulness, elegance and beauty. He has won numerous prem- iums on his work. He has made great reputation on the manu- facture of sewing machine wagons, having made a large number for the Singer and Wheeler machine companies, and has sold them clear into Texas, notwithstanding the large freight expense neces- sarily incurred. Mr. Jarvis has built up*a fine business, and employs quite a numerous force of wood workers, blacksmiths and painters. On the corner of Peachtree and Line street is the firm of T. M. T. M. CLARKE CO., CORNER LINE AND PEACHTREE STREETS. i»o ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA, Clarke & Co., mentioned elsewhere. The accompanying illustra- tion of their magnificient building is exact, with the exception that Messrs. Clarke & Co., now occupy the entire building from top to bottom, the old Eastman college having disappeared years ago, finding there was no room for another business college in a city where Moore's University is. DECATUR STREET. McBride & Co's. wholesale and retail crockery establishment is situated at the corner of Decatur and Pryor streets. The business of this house is immense, and has grown with great strides in the last few years. In 1878 they occupied the second story of quite a large building on the corner of Line and Pryor streets, the interior view of which was quite handsome. But their trade speedily outgrew INTERIOR VIEW OF I\l'l;EIDE & CO., 187S. this, and they added the lower floor, thus occupying the entire build- ing. Recently they leased the largest and handsomest building, with few exceptions, in the city, using four great floors for their business, which extends all over the South. Thiy are, large importers, re- ceiving goods direct from England, France, Germany, Japan and other countries of the old world. To Col. A. J. McBride, the sen- ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. I8I ior of the firm, is due a large part of the credit for the making of Atlanta a port of entry, he devoting much valuable time to this end, and making many trips to Washington. Their present stock of imported and domestic goods is very large, and no need exists for any merchant in this section to go North or East for supplies. The useful, the beautiful,and the artistic, in this line, may be seen in all their glory at this house. McBride & Co. are agents for the Seth Thomas clocks, and gen- eral agents for the United States and the world for the famous Lambreth's Improved Fly Fan,w^hich they are now exporting to all countries. Each floor of this establish- ment is a beautiful pal- ace, to see which is one of the pleasures of a visit to Atlanta. Merchants who want to buy crockery, wood ware, tin ware, cutlery, show cases, etc., can no<- do better than to call at McBride's. The firm now consists of A. J. McBride. S. L. McBride, and Russell C. Johnson, who commenced for his board as clerk in 1873, but through constant attention and fidelity to his duties, recently became a member of the firm, and financial manager. The Builders Supply House, of Messrs. Broomhead & Co., No. 36 Decatur street, has a full stock of doors, sash, blinds, builders hardware, paints, and goods generally kept in their line. Mr. B. H. Broomhead, senior of the firm, is well known as a leading builder and contractor for many years in Atlanta. He erected the Library, and many other prominent buildings in the city, and is a strong man financially. Mr. Frank Tryon, managing salesman of the firm. M BRIDE & CO. — yRONT VIEW. l82 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. has experience and capacity for making a successful business, and Mr. John S. Broomhead handles the books and finances with effi- ciency and energy. The Milburn Wagon Co. occupy all three stores under Library, Decatur street. These tine warerooms contain at all times a large stock of their wagons, carriages and buggies, as well as goods man- ufactured by others. This department is under the energetic man- agement of Mr. H. L. Atwater. The Milburn Wagon Company, of Toledo, Ohio, is one of the largest in the country. It was organiz- ed in 1848, at which time it commenced the manufacture of carriages and wagons, and has grown to the massive proportions they now exhibit. Their mammoth works occupy some thirty acres used as lumber yards, store rooms, factory, offices etc., etc. The principal buildings cover twelve acres, and are five stories in height, and are of modern style of architecture, adapted especially to their purpose. They have all the latest and most improved machinery known to the trade. The force of hands ranges from 400 upwards. The company states that they employ only skilled labor, and make it a special rule to turn out none but the best work, that will stand the test of time and use. Their material is also the best, and. they em- ploy sufficient capital to allow them to fill their yards with lumber and keep it until it is thoroughly seasoned. They have been award- ed many premiums and prizes. In addition to the regular farm and plantation wagon, they are making a variety of platform, half platform, three-spring, side-spring and side-bar business and pleas- ure wagons and buggies^ Some idea of the magnitude of their sales will be had from the statement that during the past thirty-two years some half million wagons have been sold. They have branch houses for the sale of their goods at Atlanta, Ga.; Austin. Texas; Memphis, Tenn.; Council Bluffs, Iow;a St. Paul, Minn.; and San- Antonio, Texas. Messrs. Sciples & Sons, dealers in coal, lime, plaster, cement and lumber, are on Decatur and Loyd, entrance from either street. They do a very extensive business. They have recently embarked in the manufacture of brooms, and have a large factory on Marietta street, run by the most improved machinery. They sell brooms all over the South. ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 183 Traynham & Ray, Decatur street, have one of the largest estab lishments of the city, and have a great trade in doors, sash, blinds, and builder's materials. Their capital must be $50-000 or more, having a very large brick building and mills furnished with the best improved planing machinery. They occupy about an acre and a half of ground on a leading street almost in a stone's throw of the general railroad depot. They have a hundred employees, and thus TR-WNHA.M & RAV'S I'LAMNG MILLS. make one of the principal industries of the city. J^eir sales amount to a hundred thousand dollars a year. Such establish- ments as these are immensely beneficial to the city, and are an in- dex to the city's growth and prosperity. Messrs. Traynham & Ray have built up a business from small beginnings, which reflects great credit upon their energy, skill and business capacity. 1 84 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. PRYOR STREET. This is a street noted, in its business portion, for the splendid buildings upon it. Chief among them is the great Kimball House, but there are other splendid buildings and blocks, among them the Republic block, the Austell building on the corner of Decatur, the Dodd building on the corner of Alabama, the five-story structure occupied by McBride & Co., and others. Some of the first whole- sale houses of the city are located on it, mcluding grocery, hard- ware, and dry goods. On the corner of Wall and Pryor streets, are M. C. & J. F. Kiser & Co., wholesale dry goods. This is one of the leading houses of M. C. & J. F. KISER & CO. the South, doing an annual business of over one million of dollars. Their trade extends into many States, hierchants coming from great distances lo buy their stock from this house, because they can buy as cheap -as in New York. They occupy the whole of the fine building, the various floors being devoted to separate depart- ments. Few firms in Atlanta reflect as much credit upon the city and themselves as this. Their history is one of energetic struggle i86 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. crowned by brilliant success. M. C and J. F. Kiser came here from CampbelFcounty, started their business and pushed straight ahead, showing themselves masters of enterprise as well as energy and sterling business character. It was the first Atlanta house that went direct to^Europe for goods, Mr. J. F. Kiser going in person and importing direct. There is not a firm in the South that has a more solid reputation based upon character and notable success. W. S. Everett and W. E. Reagan were admitted into the firm some years since on account of their capacity and valuable service. --y pn^f' BECK, GREGG & CO'S. On the corner of Pryor and Decatur is the hardware establish- ment of Beck, Gregg & Co., which carries a great stock and enjoys a trade extending into a number of States. M. & J. Hirsch, clothiers, opposite the Kimball House, have an immense stock of clothing, and have a great wholesale trade. ILLUSTKA TED A TLANTA. 187 PLEASANT DRIVES, Our streets and roads are of course not the best in the world but there are pleasant drives nevertheless, and they will increase with the growth of the city. Ponce- de Leon Springs is only a mile beyond the corporation limits, north-east of the city, though it is within police con- trol. Here thousands of people assemble during the summer days, PONCE DE LEON SPRINGS. and especially afternoons, both for the beautiful woodlands and the refreshing water, which is a mineral of great virtue. The road to it is over hill and into valley, and overlooks some yery fine, rollmg scenery It may be reached by many streets, which converge on a high ridge into the main Ponce de Leon road or the boulevard, a recently laid out drive. Beautiful residences will be passed m going out, giving an idea of the architecture of our streets. On the ridge mentioned, a magnificent view is obtained of the city, which ILL US TRA TED A TLAN TA . lies stretched out with its spires and massive structures limned against the sky. A short distance east of the city, going out by the cemetery, in which is located the Confederate monument, a visitor will find the monument of General McPherson, made of gun barrels. ' General Mcpherson was killed in the battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864. A third drive is out on McDonough road, which leads to the extensive nurseries of M. Cole & Co, to Clark University, and to the waterworks, some three miles from the city. This drive is full, of interest. The sight-seer may go out Washington street, passing, the City Hall, a number of churches, and residences of Major Benj. E. Crane, president of the chamber of commerce, U. S. Senator, Joseph E. Brown, and the suburban villas of Wm. McNaught, R. H. Knapp. and James Ormond, situated in beautiful groves, and surrounded by meadows and streams. Returning, he will Ai'ri'ERSC.N'S MUM M t.M , ipo ILL USTRA TED A TLANIA. take McDonough street, one of the oldest in the city, and one o the most prominent of residence streets. KESIUENCE OF J. K. \V\ LIE, PEACHTREF. STREET. The Atlanta Nurseries of Messrs. M. Cole & Co. are just outside the city, on the McDonough road, which within the city becomes Mc- RESIDENCE OF W. B. COX, IVV STREET. Donough street, one of the oMest and leading streets of the city. Their nurseries are quite extensive, and their business has enlarged ENTRANCE TO THE ATLANNA NURSERIES, MC DONOUGH ROAD. KESIUHNCK ..■ B. i'. W ^ L\- . Vv .AS H I N . , r<.>N ,'-T. SLT.URBAN RESIDENCE OF \VI\I. IMC NAIGHT, WASHINGTON ST. ILL USTRA TED A TLA NT A. 193 with great rapidity. In 1868 they grew only some thirty thousand trees, chiefly fruit. A few years later, the number had increased to five hundred thousand, the culture of evergreens and roses hav- ing been added. Their trade extends into different States, and they must grow at this time a much greater number of trees to supplythe increased demand. All kinds of standard and dwarf fruit, nut trees, grape vines, the various most palatable berries, and RESIDENCE OF JULIUS L. BROWN, WASHINGTON ST. ornamental, evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs, and roses in their choicest varieties, are grown. Messrs. Cole & Co contract to plant orchards and ornamental grounds. Visitors to the Cotton Exposition will notice their work, for the grounds of the Exposi- were planted by them. A telephone connects the office of the Nur- series with the city. r * .1 . A fourth drive is out Peaclitree street, the Fifth Avenue of Atlanta, as Whitehall is its Broadway, Upon this street is the Governor s Mansion, that of U, S, Senator Ben Hill, and splendid residences 13 i 194 /LL US7\RA TED A ILANTA. I ILL USTRA TED A TLA.X TA. 195 that would not discredit any street in tliis country. Upon it live quite a number of the prominent citizens of Atlanta. The resi- dences extend some two miles. A fifth drive leads east by Decatur street to the villages of Edge- wood and Kirkwood, in the latter of which resides ex-Senator Jno. KHSIUENCE OF C. W . I fiONAKl), KAST HAKKIS ST. B. Gordon. This drive passes by the Oakland cemetery, on the right, and is one of the routes to it. Still another drive is out Marietta street, which presents a view of the capitol, custom house, and factories, and leads to Oglethorpe Park, where the Interna- tional Cotton Exposition is held. Another drive is to West End, directly west of the city. This .196 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. RESIDENCE OF S. M. INMAN, SOUTH FORSYTH S7KEF.T. ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 197 suburban village, which is really a continuation of Atlan.a, is chiefly reached via Whitehall or Peters street, which both furnish pleas- ant views of residences. McPherson Barracks, where United States soldiers are always quartered and a splendid band discourses de- Mn.7S fxc Co fjy EESIDENCK OF H. A. FULLEU, WHITEHALL ST. lightful music every afternoon, is on the line between U^est End \ Atlanta In West End is anotlier mineral sprmg. and other ;lt ora„rac"ion. among which is a beautilnl lake on the premises of Col. B. J. Wilson. 198 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. ILL US7RA TED A TLANTA. 199 EESIDENCK OF JUDGE GEO. HILLYER, EAST PETERS ST, .UM"««M«'>«.I.>.'"»;^'' * RESIDKyrCK OV A. C. WYLY. WASHINGTON ST. 200 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA, RESIDENCE OF S. L. MC BRIDE, COOPER ST. RESIDENCE OF WM. LAIRD, RAM'SOX ST. ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 20 1 Two Svvit- REMARKS. Accessibility has been mentioned as one of the special attractions of Atlanta. It can be reached from all the great cities of the country within twenty-four, or forty-eight hours, passengers now breakfasting in New York one day, and taking late breakfast in Atlanta the next. Equally are the interesting sections of the country accessible to Atlanta, twenty-four hours transporting its citizens to Florida, the "Land of Flowers," the mountains of Vir- ginia, the leading summer resorts, and the sea shore. But Atlanta has scenery of a high order right around her. hours ride on the Atlanta & Charlotte road carries one to the zerland of A mer ica. " From a point on Peachtree street, on the right the eye c an sweep across inter- vening valleys to the famous Stone Moun- tain, a soHd mass of gran- •• \ ^ RESIDENCE AND STOBE OF JOSEPH SMITH, M'DONOUGH ST. height of twelve hundred feet; and on the left to the northwest, loom up in plain view, among others, the Kennesaw Mountains, now his- toric as fiercely contested battle grounds of the civil war, and near which is a large National Cemetery for the Federal dead. These latter mountains are only twenty miles distant, while a two hours drive over a good dirt road will take us to Stone Mountain, a distance of sixteen miles. This mountain is a curiosity not only in itself, but in the process of stone cutting, by a large force of experienced and skilled workmen, who are constantly chiseling monuments, build- ing and paving stones, and all other forms of granite in popular use, where durabihty and excellence is desired. 202 ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. OGLETHORPE PARK. Atlanta has very little need at present, for an extensive park, as the immediate country for miles around furnishes nature's own park of woodland and stream for pleasure-strolling and recreation. What the city needs most is a number of small parks within the ENTBANCE TO OGLETHORPE PARK. corporate limits. However, looking to the future, the city purchas- ed some years since a tract of land, fifteen or twenty acres, on Ma- rietta street, with a view to its improvement for public use. It is about one mile beyond the city limits, and embraces ridge and valley, with a small lake. It has been used for State and county fairs, and has a race-track of a half mile circuit, within which are now the ILL USTRA TED A TLANTA. 203 204 ILL USTRA TED A TLAXTA. ion Exposition buildings, ten or twelve in number. The Exposit.... Hotel, by Phil. F. Bro;vn, of the famous Blue Ridge Springs'of ''' ''ilii'liii'iiii'iiiiri'k'Hiii' ' VT^^.-}^ ^'"" """''•^ ** grounds, and is both an attraction and! ^ The police department is under the separate control of a Board of Commissioners. Their names will be found in an appendix. Mr. G. T. Dodd is the chairman; W. T. Goldsmith, Amos Fox, C W. Hancock and J. K. Thrower, are the members of the Board. Dr. Goldsmith has been secretary of the Board since the organiza- tion, (and also a commissioner) which are facts highly complimen- tary to him. We also append directories of city and State governments. 2i6 ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. STATE GOVERNMENT--1881. Governor — Alfred H. Colquitt. Attorney-General — Clifford Anderson, Comptroller-General — William A. Wright. Secretary of State — N. C. Barnett. Treasurer — D. N. Speer. Commissioner of Agriculture — John T. Henderson. The Judiciary. Supretne Court — James Jackson, Chief Justice ; Martin J. Craw- ord and Alexander M. Speer, Associate Justices. Clerk — Z. D. Harrison. CITY GOVERNMENT--188d Mayor — James W. English ; office, 35 S. Broad street. Aldermen — Charles Beerman, J. B. Goodwin and R. J. Lowry. Councilmen — First Ward — J. J. Barnes, A. J. Pinson. Second Ward — John Berkele. R. H. Knapp. Third Ward — T. J. Buchanan, D. A. Beatie. Fourth Ward — T. J. Boyd, J. W. Johnson. Fifth Ward — L. C. Jones, W. D. Payne. City Attorney — W. T. Newman. Police Force. CONNALLY, A. B., Chief. Starnes, W. A., Captain. Bagby, D. N., Captain. Aldredge, N. G., Captain. Couch, E. F., Captain. STATION HOUSE KEEPERS. Spyers, G. P. A. Buchanan, J. F. ILLUSTRATED ATLANTA. 217 King, W. A. Barnes, L. P. Baird, J. C. Brenning, C. Bone, W. H. Brooks. A. A. Crim, W. M. Christophine, F. Dennard, W. F. Flynn, Wm. Foute, W. E. Goodson, A. H. Glover, J. W. Holland, M. N. Haynes, R. O. Joiner, J. C. Lynch, J.T. Mercer, J. L. McWilliams. — Menkin, Fritz. Belcher, Sol. SANITARY OFFICERS. Veal, T.E. POLICEMEN. Moon, Z. B. Moss, A. J. Manly, W. P. McEwen, W. F. Norman, J. W. Parish, J. R. Rapp, J. E. Russell, J.G. -Spier, J. W. Starnes, Henry. Seirdan, W. N. Simmons, M. T. Steerman, J. C. Stroud, J. H. Thompson, Thomas. Thurman. J. M. Weaver, J. W. West, Nat. Reid, Z. T. CEMETERY GUARDS. Stroud, S. A. INDEX Atlanta Hotel, 27. Atlanta, 28. Atlanta and West Point Railroad, 30. Athenaeum, 37. Austell, A., 38, 127, 209. Association, Young Men's Christian, 38. Alexander, Dr. J. F., 39. Annual sales, 40. Atlanta, Battle of, 45. Adair, Geo. W., 54, 65, 70, 106. Angier, N. L., 68, Alexander, Tom. 70. Annual Business, 117. Alabama street, 138. Atlanta National Bank, 156, 209. Adair, W. F., 20. Arms, Fred, 20. Atlanta, Future of, 133. Atlanta, Growth of, 132. Avery & Sons, 171. Anderson, James A., 174. Atwater, H. L., 182. Atlanta Nurseries, 190. Acton, Thomas A., 210. B Barnett. N. C, 17. Baptists, 29, 89. Baker, Rev. Joseph. 22, 38. Bomar, B. F., 29. Bank, First, 34. Baptist Churcn, Second, 35. Bellingrath, L., 37. Bellingrath, A. 37. Bank, Fulton, 38. Bain, D. M., 53. Bank, Atlanta Savings, 70. Biggers, Dr. S. T., 97. Baker, W. 164. Bell, Fred & Co., 169. Brenner, Wm., 169. Bullock, R. B., 170, 119. Brown, J. E., 27. 53, 58, 61, 74, 122, 128 Brown, Julius L.,64, 102, 122, 161, 193. Burke, J. F., 64, 67. Brown, Phil. F., 77, 205. Bird's Eye View — Map, 207. Brown, Charles, 59. Bleckley, L. E., 21, 61, 69. Bradstreet, 159. Bray, G. R., 160. Benevolent Association, 64. Brown, W. R., 65. 106, 209. Bollman, \V., 139. Bradfield, Dr. Josiah, 139, 209. Banks, 127. Beland, Dr K. H., 112. Brass Foundry, 170. Boyd, W. W., 171. Berg Strom A. M., 176. BraumuUer, O. L. & Co., 177. Broomhead, B. H., 181. Broomhead& Co. 181. Broomhead, John S., 182. Beck, Breeg 6i Co., 186. Cahn, L., 58. Crane & Langston, 157. Clarke, Lewis, 159. Catholic Library Association, 67, 103. Cox, W. B., 37, 67, 69, 127, 190. Church, Loyd street Methodist, 55. Church, Payne's 55. Church, St. Paul, 55. Church, Fourth and Fifth Baptist, 35. Clarke, E. Y., 56. Concordia, 58. Cohen, J. L.. 58. Crane, B. E., 84, 106, 127, 188. INDEX. 219 Capital, State, 80, 128. Culpepper, J. W., 107. Court House, County, 112. Cottou, 114. Christian Association, 103. Conley, Ex-Gov. Benj., 106. Courtney J. C.64. Coker F. M., 194. Creek Indians, 17. Central Railroad, 17. Carlyle, Willis, 19. Collier. Wash., 20. Calhoun, John C. 27. Collier, John, 28. Church, the First, 23. Citizers, Early, 24. Collins, James, 24. Cooper Mark A., 26. Catholics, 29. Cemetery, 34, 86. Christian Church, organized, 34. Census, 37. Cole, M., 37, 38, 188. Clarke, Thomas M., 37, 39, 53 165. Clarke, Jno. M., 37. City Hall. 37. College, Atlanta Medical, 38. Church, Central Presbyterian, 38. Chisolm, Willis P., 39. Calhoun, Jas. M., 47, 54. Cole, E. W., 75. Clayton, W. H. 75. Colquitt, Gov. A. H., 82, 84, 214. Cummings, J. F., 85. Churches, 8g. Cady, C. M., 151. Clarke, T. M. & Co., 164, 178. Clarke, R. C, 165. Coffin Factory, 170. Cotton Factory, 170. Calhoun, Wm. Lowndes, 174. D Dougherty, Daniel, 20. Democrat, 26. Dodd, G. T., 34, 101,211. Dougherty, David H., 37. Dodd, P. & G. T., 36, 53. Directory, first, 39. D'Alvigny, Dr. N., 49. Dooley, M H., 67. Daniel, J. C. & I. 146. Davis, John, 169 Decatur street, 180. DeGive, 53, 64, 107. Doonan, John, 67. Davenport, Johnson & Co.. 158. Dunn, Jno. N., 157. Dunn, Alexander & Co., 157. Election, first city, 28. Enterprise, 26. Elliot, Bishop, 29. Episcopalians, 29. Examiner, 29. Ezzard, Wm. L., 39. Exposition, 83, 203 Educational, 60, 115. Express Co., 75. Evans, Rev. C. A.. 89. Ergenzinger, A., 176. Edgewood, 193. Everett, W. L., 186. Estey Organ Co., I50. Eichberg, J. T., 64. Ellis, W. D.. 161. Eiseman, M.. 58. English, J. W. 129, 210, 213, 214, 216. Falvey, John J., 103. Fairbanks & Cox, 138. Female College, 115. Fertilizer trade, 116. Fire Company, the first, 29. Fitten, John A., 85, 101, 165. Flynn, John H., 58, 60, 67, 68, 97, loi. Formwalt, Moses W., 28. Fcreacre, G. J., 85, i77- Fox. Amos, 68. Forsyth, A. B., 25. Foute, Rev. Dr., 93. Franklin, M., 64. Fuller & Oglesby, 155, 212. Fuller, H. A., 155, 197- 220 INDEX. Fuller, H. A., 155, 197. Fuller, W. A., 43. Fuller & Oglesby, 126, 155. Fulton County, 130. Gartrell, L. J., 34, 54, 60, 68. Gas Works, 137. Gate City Guards, 39, 138. Gate City, 71. Gate City National Bank, 162. Georgia Railroad, 17. Gifford, James A., 169. Glenn, L. J., 34. Goldsmith, Dr. W. T., 97, 211. Gomez & Pines, 146. Goodman, C. M., 141. Goodwin, John B., 175. Gordon, John B., 74, 193. Graham, John M.. 67, 103. Gramling, W. G-, 69. Grant, L. P., 27. 57, 61, 68, 74, 85. Green, John W., 74. Guilford, G. P., 64. Gwinn, Rev. Dr., 89. H Hall, L. H . 170. Hammock, C. C, 70. Hammond, N. J., 68. Hancock, F. G., 147. Hanleiter, C. R.. 26, 29. Hape, Samuel, 65. Hape, Albert, 56. Harrison, James P. «& Co.. 67. Harrison, Z. D., 67,212, 216. Harrison, Geo. W., 67. Hart, F. W., 153. Harwell & Smith, 149. Haralson, Frank H., 80. Haskell, W. W., 146. Hayden, J. A., 27, 29, 32, 68. Hayden, Mrs. J. A., 64. Hayes, Ex-President, 126. Haygood, Greene B., 35, 39, 60. Healy. T. G., 85, 86, 138, 162. Health Institute, 108. Healthfulness, 130. Hemphill, W. A., 61. Hoyt, S. B., 25, 70, 97. Huff, W. A., 77. Hulbert, W. H. 75. Hulsey, W. H., 60. Hunnicutt & Bellingrath, 43, 166. Hunnicutt, C. W., 34. Hunt, Jno. J., 29. Hunter street, 174. Hutchison. Bro., 177. Hebrew Benevolent Society, 6". Heidt, Rev. Dr., 91. Henderson, J. T., 81, 85. Hibernians, 58. Hibernian Benevolent Society, 38. Hill, L. M., 162. Hill, Lodowick J., 162. Hill, B. H., 193. Hillyer, George, 68, 148, 199. Hirschberg, S. 58. Hirsch Bros., 142. Hirsch, M. & J., 186. Holbrook, J. M., 34. Holcombe, H. C, 27. Holland, E. W., 20, 38, 39. Homicide, first, ^4. Hood, General, 46. Hopkins, John L., 68, 85. Hospital and Home, lOo. Hospital, St. Joseph's, 102. Hotels, 75. Houston, W. J., 23. Howard, Geo. J. & Bro., 161. Howell, E. P., 85 I Inman, S. M. & Co., 114. Inman, S. M., 65,84, loi, 127, 196, Inman, John H., 85. Intelligencer, 29. J Ivey, Hardy, ig. Jack & Holland, 140. Jackson, Henry, 56. James, John H., 38, 51, 63, 58, 53, 69, 106. Jail, 88. Jarvis, W. L., 178. INDEX. 221 Jericho, Knights of, 29. Johnson, Mark W. & Co., 168. Johnson, M. W., 53. Johnson, Russell C, I80. Johnston, Joseph E., 44. Jones, E. L., 53. Jones, O. H., 52. Jones. D. G., 56. K Keely, John, 37, 134, 142. Kimball, H. I., 53, 209. Kimball, J. C, 65. King, John P., 22, 30, 67. King, Miss Louise, 65. Kiser, M. C. & J. F. & Co., 125. 126, lE Kiser. J. F., 186. Kiser, M. C, 84. Kirkpatrick, 165. Kirkwood, 193. Knapp, R. H., 153- J:''8- Kreis, J. E., 21. Kuhn & Sons, 144 Laird, Wm., 200. Langston & Crane, 126, Lawshe, Er, 30, 33, 37, 38, 49, 51, 144 ■ Lawshe, Lewis, 38. Lawton, J. S., 67. Lawyer, first, 34. Lewis, T. S., 155, 212. Lewis, H , 176, Leonard, G. W., 168, 195. ' Leonard, H. C, 159. Libraries, 102. Library, Young Men's, 56. Lieberman, Mrs. L., 65. Logan, Dr. J. P., 37- 38,60, 68. Logan & Co., 123. Logan, Frank R., 173. Logan, James L.. 173. Lochrane, O. A., 53. Long, Engineer, 27. Long, Stephen H., 18. Lowry, W. M. & R. J., 127, 158- Lowry, W. M. 158. Lowry, R. J., 84, 158. Loyd street, 160. Luckie, W. D., 56, 137. Luminary, 22. Lumpkin, Governor, 22. Lutheran, 63. Lynch, M., 29. Lynch, Peter, 103. Lynch, John J., 103. M Macon and Western Railroad, 26. Madden, Mrs. Mary, 64. Maddox, R. F., 84, 173. Maher, M. E., 103, 178. Mahoney, M., T03. Mallon, Bernard, 61. Manufactures, 117. Marthasville, 22. Martin, Rev. Dr., 91. Markham, Wm., 77. Masons, 27, 38. Mayer, David, 60, loi. Mayor and Council, the first, 28. McBride & Co., 180, 211. McBride, A. J.. 34, 53< 180, 117. McBride, S. L,. 180, 200. McCandless, E. S., 162. McDaniel, L O. & P. C, 27. McDaniel, L O., 29. McMillan, J. C, 54- McNaught & Scrutchins, 38, 51, 177. McNaught, Wm. & Co., 124. McNaught, Wm., 177, 188, 192. McPherson Barracks, 86. McPherson, death of, 46. McPherson Monument, 188. McRae, Wm , 74. Mecaslin, J. H., 138. Meeneely, Geo. R. & Co., 170. Medical Colleges, 96. Memorial Association, 58. Merchants' Bank, 155. Methodists, 28, 89. Mickelberry & Whitlock, 159. Milledge, John, loi, 102. Miller, Geo. L., 173. Milburn Wagon Co., 182. Military Companies, 138. 222 INDEX. Mills, Frank, io6. Mineral Spring, Atlanta, 130. Mitchell property, 26. Mitchell Wagons, 151. Monroe Railroad, 17. Moore's Business University, 62, 115, 154. Moore, B. F,. 62, 116. Moran, P. J., 67. Morgan, D., 141 . Morrison, J., 37, 53. Morrison, A., 37, 53. Morrill, W. C, 64, 122. Motes, C. W. & Co., 147, 212. Municipal Government, 133. Municipal reform, 68. Murphy, A , 43, 69, 136. Murrell's Row, 31. N Nail, J. S., 106. Neff, Wm. Clifford & Co., 166, 212. Neff, W. C.,85. Negro Villages, 138. Newman, J S., 81. Newspapers, 154. Norcross J., 21, 22. 24, 29, 32, 38, 54. o O'Brien, Rev. Father, 91. Oddfellows, 29, 39. Oglesby, J. C, 165. Oglethorpe Park, 86, 202. O'Keefe, 60. Orme, W. P., 3o. Ormond, Jas. M., 124, 177, 188. O'Reilly, Rev, Father, 49. Paper Mills, 124. Parkins, W. H. 56. Parkins & Bruce, 132, 162. Patillo, W. P., 206. Payne, C. M., 174. Payne, Edwin, 35. Preachtree street, 162. Peck, J. C, 37, 38, 52, 85, iJ Peck. Willis F., 35. People's Muiual Relief Association, 164. Perkerson, A. M., 174. Peters, Richard, 28, 29. 70, 85. 106. Pittman, Daniel, 34, 39, 113. Ponce de Leon Springs, 130, 187. Population, 37, 40, 63, 129. Police, 69. Porter, J. H., 127. Potts, Frank M., 159. Peters, Edward, 107. Peters, Miss Nellie, 65. Phillips, H. T.,6i. Post Office, 86, 106. Powell. Dr. Thos. S., 97. Phillips & Crew, 166. Pratt, N. A., 116. Prather, Jno. S , 67. Piince, A. P., 29. Presbyterians, 29. Property, 40. Pryor Street, 184. Public Charities, 100. Quinn, Rev.. 29. Q. R. Railroad, Air-Line, 38. 54, 63. Railroad, Atlanta Street, 70. Railroads, 71. Randall, R. O., 164. Rawson, E. E., 38, 47, 52, 60. 170. Reagan, W. E., 186. Real Estate, 40. Redding, R. J..,8r. Reinhardt, A. M., 107. Rhodes, Wallace, 106. Rice, Z. A , 29. Rice, John, 53. Rice, Frank P., 164. Rice, Mrs. D., 65. Richmond and Danville Railroad, 161. Richards. R, H., 127. Ripley, T. R., 142, 211. Robertson, Dr. U. O., 108. Rogers, Wm., 74. Rogers, Rev. J. L., 38. Root, Sydney, 38, 85. Rosenfcld, A., 58. INDEX, 223 Rosenfeld, S., 58. Rosenfeld, A. & S., 144. Ryan, Rev. Father, 91. s Sabbath School, The First, 23. Salter, Dr. S. F., 100. Schley, Gov., 18. Sciple & Sons, 182, 212. Scott, Geo. W. & Co., 116, 171. Scott, W. M., 139, 211. Schools, Public, 60. Scoville & Terry, 77. Sherman, Wm. T., 45. Shulhafer, E. A., 58. Silvey & Dougherty, 38. Silvey, John, 30. Silvey, John & Co., 126. Singer Company, 168 Slab Town, 31. Smith American Organ Company, 147- Smith, Dr. George, 35. Smith, J.D.& T. F., 154. Smith, Joseph, 201. Snake Nation, 31. Snook, P. H., 167. Snow, H. Y., 54. Society, 131. Solomonson, S. L., 146, 212. Southern Miscellany, 26. Spalding, R. D., 67. Stanton, W. L., 198. Steinheimer, D., 58. Steinheimer, J., 55, 58. Steinheimer, I., 58. Stephens, John, 67, 103, 107. Stevens, J. P. & Co., 145. Stocker & Castleberry, 140. Stout, B. A., 106. St. Luke's, 63. Surgical Institute, 108, 109. Synagogue. 55, 64. T Taylor, Walter A., 165. Terminus, 19. Terry, Major, 29. Terry, Stephen, 24. Terra Cotta Works, 122. Tichnor, Dunlap & Co., 176. Thrasher, John, 19, 26. Thompson, J. Edgar, 28. Thompson, Joseph, 39. Thomas & Richter, i44,'"2ii. Thrower, J. K., 176. Thrower, J. G., 160. Tommey, Stewart &JBeck, 53.. Traynham & Ray, 182, 212. Trinity, 35, 63. Tripod, A. P., 152. Tryon, Frank, i8i. Tucker, Dr, H. H.. loi. Fuller, Mrs. W. H., 64. Turn Verein, 59, Tyler, A. H., 144. V Van Stavoren, J. 209. Vaughn, J., 28. Van Winkle, E. &^Co., 123, 171. Voorhis, Edward L,,i59. w Wadley, Wm., 74. Walden & Stowe, 147, 212. Wallace, Campbell, 65, 127. Wall Street, 161. Walker, W. S., 143. Walker, Gen., death of, 46. Washington Hall, 25. Water Works, 86, 136. Weed, M. B., 107. West End, 130, 193. Western & Atlantic Raifroad, 19, 30. Wheeler & Wilson, 177. White, W. Woods, 106. White, E.T., 78. Whitehall Street, 138. Whitner, Jno. J. & Son. 143. Wiard, W. P. L., 152. Wilson, Dr. J. Stainbaek, 160. Wilson, Dr. C. L., 112. Wilson, Dr. C. A., 112. Wilson, W. S. & Bro., 152, 178, «ii. Wilson, B. J., 78, 195. Wilson, Rev. Dr. J. S., 23,29. Willingham, W. J. & Co., 178, «i«. Wilson, W. T., 178. ^24 INDEX. Wilkins, Post & Co., i68. Winn, B M. & Co., 173. Winn, B. M., 173. Winham, E. L., 169. Winship, Jos., 35. Winship, George, 127. WooUey, B. M., 141. Wylie, Jas. R., 53, 84, 126. 127, 154, 190. Wyly, B. F., 37, 53, 192. Wyly, A.C., 37,84, 199. Wyly, A. C. & B. F., 38, 126, 158. Wrenn, B. W., 64. Withers, W. S., 19. 123. INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. Atlanta National Bank xxiv Bergstrom, A. M ix Brenner, Wm xxiii Constitution xvli Emery's xvii Ergenzinger, A. xiii Fulton Planing Millls xi Gomez & Pine viii Goodman's Picture Store xiv Gate City Bank xx Health Institute xxi Harwell & Smith xvi Hutchison & Bro xv Howard, Geo. J. & Bro vii Haskell, W. W viii Jones, J . G xiv Jack's .' xii Kennesaw Route ... i Ladd, A. C xix Lagomarsino. xx Logan & Co x Mickelberry T Whitlock xii Milburn Wagon Company xi Morgan, D x Merchants' Bank xx Maher, M. E xv Mallan, J.J xxi Motes, C. W. & Co xvii Opium Cure. xvi Post-Appeal xviii Piedmont Air-Line. ii Phillips & Crew vi Potts, F. M X Ripley, T. R xiii Stone Pipe and Roofing Company v Singer Manufacturing Company iii Scott, Geo. W. & Co iv Smith American Grgan Company., .xxiii Scott, W. W xi Tripod, A. P xv Thrower, J. G ix Thompson's ... xii Winham, Printer ix Winn & Co x Wilkins & Post viii Withers' Foundry xxiii Walden & Stowe xiii Whitner & Clarke xxi Van Stavoren xviii And other advertisements. AD VER TI SEMEN TS. ^THE KENNESAW ROUTE, By its superior management and unsurpassed facilities, has earned the confidence of tlie traveling public, and is steadily grow- ing into public favor. Cincinnali, Louisville, yiaoapolls, Cliicap, CLEVELAND, DETROIT, ST. LOUIS, THE MOST COMFOIITABL.E AKI> KK1.IABI-K TO f ashin^tos. Mmm, Wdif\l^ Ik Ifork i^ll lastern Fai&ti, FIVE DAILT TRAINS TO TIIK WEST BY THIS I^INE ! FULLX^AIT r^AI-i-a.CE CARS Run from New Orleans to Washington, via Atlanta ; Savannah and Macon to Cincinnati, via Atlanta ; Atlanta to Louisville, via Nashville. Leaving New Orleans at 5.00 P. M. ; Savannah, 7.30 P. M„ and Atlanta, 2.50 P. M. TRAINS RUN DAILY-SUNDAY NO EXCEPTION ! Smooth Track, Steel Rails, Book Ballast, Comfortaljle Cars, 77estinghOTi;e Air-Brakas, Miller Platforms, Etc. By taking the KENNESAW ROUTE, you save time and money, secure expedition and avoid all unnecessary and vexatious delays. THE KENNESAW ROUTE VIA KNOXViLLE, Tliis is tlie Fast Mail and Express Liine. The Kennesaw Routej^lCincj^^ to Eastern Cities. Fare the same by all Lines to New York and Sastsrn Cities. For further information, address B. W. WRENN, Gen. Pass. Agi., A f Inn fa, Ga. WM. MacRAE, General Manager. li AD VER TI SEMEN TS. i-z^s Tb.e GresL-b Th.roi:ig3:i IRo-u-te Se-b-uo-eesi tlae Go-ix-bh.^ So-at-h.- ■o»-es"b aaad -bKe Eas-b- Passing through the high, breezy uplands and picturesque scenery |! of the foot-hills of the Blue Ridge. Quick transit to all the leading cities ! Splendid Pullman Car service ! Appointments all first-class ! The Shortest, Safest, Speediest, Cheapest and Best Route between Galveston and Texas points, New Orleans, Mobile, Mont- gomery, Selma, Atlanta, Richmond, Baltimore, Washington,Philadelphiaand New York. The Atlantic Coast Line The Fast Mail Passenger Route via Richmond and Wil- mington to Charleston, Columbia, Augusta, Savannah, Florida and the South. Perfect Pulhnan Car Service to all points reached, traversing the most, fruitful nnd attractive sections of the South. Thoroughly comfortable coaches, rapid and safe transit. For all information, call upon or write to A. POPE, Gen'l Pass. Agent, No. 220 EEOADWAY, NEW YORK, No. 7 10th STE2ET, RICHMOND, VA. AD VER TISEMENJS. Ill 3MEORE POPULAR THAN 3E:VER ! THE Sen Singer IwFaaiilybiBgMasliiae, The popular demand for the Genuine Singer in 1880 exceeded that of any pre vlous year during the quarter of a century in which this ''Old Reliable" Machine has been before the public. In 1S79 we sold 431,167 Machines. " 1880 *< 538,609 ^' Excess over any previous year^ 107,442 Machines. Our pales last year were at tlie rate of over 1.700 Sewing Mjicliines a I>ay for every business day in the year. THE OLD RELIABLE SINGER IS THE — Se-wrirLg 2y- QG 1 ■ asniQjiaDiG natter, No. 2 WHITEHALL ST., ATLANTA. riJV€3N?J/\TB. t'liWXMO. 6«rr ST. I.OFIS. ATI.AWTA. Publishers, Booksellers and Stationers, V'c have the largest stock of Theological and Temperance Books, Oxford Teachers' Biblea, Smiday-^chool Ren-ards, Birthday Catds, New Year, Christmas and Easter Cards, in Atlanta. AD VER TISEMEKTS. VII . J. HOWAED & MO.. Wholesale & Retail 36 & 38 Wal5 Street, {Opposite Pasgenger Depot.) ESTABLISHED 1853. Oldest House, Largest Stock, Lowest Prices. 35 Whitehall St., ATLANTA, GA. Great Reduction, in Sheet Music. Having recently becon.e Wholesale Southern AS-^^'.^'rabfed^o-'LuSe' ■""S-'n";:"''-*?- 'a"also r \ansrfV;'n°arother publishers, at the follow„,s ex- '-'^^l''„!l'iZ^^|ra,.y,,.eceoJ.nu.^ PtrSa^-°.^in«t^fS/r^e^N..V,stii..J^ We also carry a l^?«5,f^??,H: "^ fee thich we sdl at v^ry low figures ; and parties INSTRUMENTS, ^^^ ^^^^^^S &c wine we se^.^^ ^^ y^^ prices and terms before BRAUMULLER 6l CO., Wholesale and Retail Piano. Organ and Musio Dealers. VIII AD VER TISEMENTS. W. W. HASKELL, 1 TfTQ> IP J f 1, ,,, 27^ Wliiteliall Street, Atlanta, Ga. Authorized Agent for the following New York companies, namely : NIAGARA. Assets, $15600,000 WI^IAMSBURG CITY, - 4; 1,100,000 WESTCHESTER, - ik 1,000.000 MECHANICS, - - - _ >.(. 6OO5OOO 6. P. GOMEZ, 43}^ Whitehall Street. C. S. PINES, Crumley Street. GOMEZ & PINES, Plain and On Work solicited and satisfaction guaranteed. All work entrusted to us will re* ceive our personal attention. ATLANTA, GEORGIA. GKANT WILKINS, Manager. ANDREW J. POST. Engineer. ATLf^NTA BRIDGE WORKS. "WILKIISrS, POST &, CO., LILtXak, OA. HBW TOEE OfriCI, 101 tBOADWAT. Enginssrs and Bridge Builders. DE«I6N, MANUPAOTUBK AND BRBCT Triangular, Post and Quadrangular .Trusses, Oushing's Patent Piers, Iron Viaducts, Turn Tables, Eoofs, Eiyeted BeamB and Gird ers, Forgings and General Railway Work. AD VER TISEMENTS. ix i^t No. 12 Loyd Street Atlanta, Ga. CONTRACTOR FOR PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL PLASTERING, AND ALSO DEALER IN ALL MATERIAL OF THE TRADE, Cements, Calcined Plaster, Plaster Ornaments, i^^^i-iSonivdiinsriEs, Etc,, Will Fill Orders for CEMENT and TERRA COTTA DRAIN and SEWER PIPES. A. M BERGSTROM, GGiieral Book I Job Printer, 21 East Hunter Street, Estimates Furnished on All Kinds of Work. Practical Job Printer. Office Over Phillips & Crew's Book Store, I^fos 8 and lO MI^TilETT^ STREET. AD VER TISEmMENTS. FRANK M. POTTS, Wholesale Liquors. 19 East Alabama Street, 80 WHITEHALL STREET, Harness and Saddle lanufacturer AND DEALER IN ALL HARNESS 4ND SADDLERY GOODS, WAGONS, BUGGIES, ETC. FBANK R. LOGAN. JAS, L. LOGAN. OFFICjE and warehouse : 75 SOUTH FORSYTH STREET, ATLANTA, GA. B M WINN. FRANK R. LOGAN B. M. WINN & CO., Wholesale Dealers in Tobaccos and Cigars 18 SOUTH FORSYTH STREET, AD VER TISEMENTS. XI FULTON PLANING MILLS, 283, 285, and 287 Decatur St. Atlanta, Ga. J. M;. N^CE, Froprietor, Manufacturer and Dealer in Eough and I)re>sed Lumber, Monldino-s Rriftpfa Shingles, Laths, and Pickets, Wood-Turning and Scroll-Sawine iiiiiiiiiM ffibftfCE WnH'JL £ Y THIS ELEGANT ESTABLISHMENT, T^O. 11 Whitehall Street, Is spoken of in As at No. 2! (instead of 11) Whitehall. THIS Matters little, however, as E^^er^^ Visitor is bound to lL,OOIv IT UI> ANYHOW. IILBUEI WMOI COIPAIY. Branch House, Sale and Ware-RoomG under Young Men's Library, Denatur Street. A large sto'-k of Milburn Wagons always on hand. Also Crrr;:.gi'S and Buggies of their ovn and other makes. XII AD VER TISEMENTS. gi^^^MJ^^^F^ ^1 i-* ^'^ James' Block, Whitehall Street, Atlanta, Ga. Open Day and Night— All Good Things in Season. MICKELBERRY & WHITLOCK, &raiii, Produce and Fruits, £7o. 2^ JLla.ba.zn.a. S-bree-b. <^ 43 Peach-tree Street. At Jack's 43 Peachtree, are to be found excellent fresh Breads, Cakes, Pure Eancy Candies, AND AN ENDLESS VARIETY OP BEAUTIFUL, TOYS. His Bread and Cakes are made of the best qualities of flour, and the most handsome Wagon in the South is especially used for their delivery in all parts of the city. A beautiful selection of Willow Ware, Ladies' Shopping Baskets, CA.K^r> CASES, Etc., Etc. Toys to Supply Everybody. Weddings and Banquets Furnished in Elegant Style en Short Notice. AD VER TISEMENTS. XIII WALDEN & STOWE, no "^Tv^liitel^^ll Street^ BOOKS k m STA TIONERY. Theological and Sunday-School Books a Specialty. Jind the ZTsiial I/ine of Goods in a Book Store Stock. A. ERGENZINGER, 12 E. Hunter St.. ilsterer. MANUFACTURER OF Matresses, AWNINGS, Tents. Etc., Etc. T. HI. I^UPXjEir, 89 Whitehall St. and 95 S. Broad St. Glass and Q-u-eeas-oirare. XIV AD VER TISEMENTS. No. 28 Whitehall Street, I^iotixro and I^i*ame ^tore PAINTINGS, CHROMOS, STEEL ENGRAVINGS, PRINTS, Etc. E^ra,3:2:a.es lv!ra,KL-u.fa.ct\3.red. to Crd-er. 'S?^'-'^ otSS' S- ^«S5' »SS?l's ■rr.^' 5TO.W X^^:K^^' x^* titUWt ^ Jew^Ilep and Watclimak^r^ 35 ^TxTiEXiT'iE-Hr^XjZj sariEa:^::^^?. ^^ Repairing Promptly Donei Mm ^:wm m X ijii^ *f Merchant Tailor, No. 1 East Alabama Street, Established 1871- ^tli^'^Tfi- AD VER TISEMENTS. XV 13 South Broad Street, Paints, Oils, Brushes, Yamislies, dlass, AND A FUZL STOCK OF GOODS IN LINE. SIGN, FRESCOE and HOUSE PAINTING I»x-oiiiptly Execxitecl. HUTCHISON & BRO., 14 Whitehall Street, Atlanta, Ga. First-Class Drug Stock. Proscriptions carefully compounded. Orders by mail promptly filled. HUTCHISON & BRO., Pkopkietoks. Is the Great Specific for Neuralgia and Headache. HUTCHISON & BRD.'S IS FRAGRANT AND LASTINQ^^^_ Wholesale Liquors, 11 Wes-fe IvIi-fccHell S-bree-b- XVI AD VER TISEMENTS. JOHN M. HARWELL. WM. F. SMITH. HARWELL & SMITH, 65 33ROA.I> STREET. Agricultural Machinery. Tliresliers, Iieai>ers, M]o-w"ex*s, Etc. •L-^^i TZ3::s i=^_j> Famous Whitewater Wagon aijWAys in stock. I U MO U FR E- Relief at Last from this Terrible Habit I :o: The Secord of the Work of the Only Perfect Opium Cure in the World !— The Best, the Cheapest, the Safest, and the Only AlDsolutely EeliaTole Cure !— A Painless, Pleasant. Agreeahle Remedy that does not Detain the Patient from his or her Business ! i :o: (Extract Jrom Editorial in tJie. Atlanta Constitution, October 5th, 1881.) " About ten years ago, Major B. M. WooUey commenced advertising an opium cure. Since that time it lias become famous throughout the entire country, and to- day stands unchallenged by the general public, by patients and by physicians, as the best cure for this terrible habit that is known to man. The Cbnstituti07i, after it had been before the public a year or two, found that its success was so unvarying that it gave ii its indorsement, and we are prepared this morning to say, that never in a single instance have we, directly or indirectly, heard complaint against this remedy. It has gone on quietly and doing its work effectively, and carrying peace, health and blessings to the afflicted, and commanding admiration and confidence of the general and professional public. As said before, not one single criticism has been made upon its work, as far as we can hear it, and the testimonials received by Major Woolley from grateful men and women restored to life and happiness from the agony that is worse than death, would fill a library. The Woolley Opium Cure is simply without equal, and has come to be the standard. North. South, East and West. It commands patronage in every State in the Union ,and has been sold in England and upon the Continent. Wherever one case is sold, there is certain to be a demand for others. But we can say nothing about this remedy that will com- pare with the original t stimonials that come from men and women who have tried it and who know its power, AD VER TI SEMEN TS. x v 1 1 No. 90 Whitehall Street, Harness and Saddlery. Hancl-iytade T^ork a Si>ecialty. EMERY'S EISH MARKET, Uo. 15 Peachtree Street, Atlanta, Ga. FISH, OYSTERS, CELERY, SHAD, ICE AND LEMONS. Goods delivered to any part of the city free of charge °®9 THE CONSTITUTION, Published Daily and Weekly, ATLANTA, OEORQIA. The Daily Constitution Is published every day exc'ept Monday, and is delivered by carriers in the city, or mailed postage free, at $1.00 per m^nth, $2.50 for three months, or $10.00 a year. THE CONSTITUTION is for sale on all trains leading out of Atlanta, and at news stands in the principal Southern cities. Tlie Weekly Constitution Published every Tuesday, mailed postage free for $1..50 a year ; ten copies, $12.50 ; twenty copies, $20.00. Sample copies sent free upon application, Agents wanted at every post-offlce where territory is not occupied. Advertising rates depend on location in the paper, and will be furnished on appli- cation. Correspondence containing important news solicited from all parts of the country. Under no circumstances will the editors undertake to preserve or return manuscripts not available for publication. Address all letters and telegrams, and make all drafts and checks payable to _ ^ ^^^^^ THE CONSTITUTION, A^tlanta, Oa. XVIII AD VER TISEMENTS. The Atlanta Daily Post- Appeal. With one exception the Post AppEAX is the only successful Daily uewpaper ever started in Atlanta. It has attained a large and steadily increasing circulation, which has been kept pace with by its large advertising patronage. The paper is a paying institution This is because it is in every sense a trustworthy and reliable newspaper. It is the determination of the proprietor to constantly give the people of Atlanta and Georgia, one of the best daily papers in the whole country. In this he has suc- ceeded to an admirable degree. Its telegraphic facilities are complete, and it is able to give all the news of the day in attractive form. Its local and State news are gathered by a large and efficient corps of reporters and C'lr^espondent^, station- ed at all points, who may always be depended upon to give the public all that really is news. Any regular reader of the Post ApPEAii must necessarily through it be a well informed person. Terms of subscription $6.00 per year; for portions of a year sixty cents a month, or fifteen cents a week. Advertisements taken at Si. 00 per square, or ten cents per line. Favorable terms made for large advertisements Sample copies sent on application. Address the publisher, O. E. CAL,»WEI.L, Atlaitla, Ga. What is Thought of the Post-Appeal. The Atlanta Daily Post -Appeal has won its way to popular favor everywhere. It is fearless and outspoken in its sentiments, and is highly commended for its war upon corruption in every shape. It is ably and vigorously edited, is spicy and in- teresting — LaGrange Reporter. the Atlanta Post-Appeal is a model daily newspapi r.— DcKalb News. The Atlanta Post- Appeal is now one of the best, if jotthe best daily news- papers in the South.— Knox ville Tribune. The Atlanta Post-Appeal seems to have an underhokl on success and we re- joice to see it wax fat and prosperous.— Gainesville Eagle. The Atlanta Post-Appeal is one of the spiciest journals in the South, and fuir of vigor and life.— Macr-n Telegraph and Messenger. The Atlanta Post-Appeal is eagerly read by many in this vic^nit3^— Barnea- ville Gazette. The Atlanta Post- Appeal bravely contends for thebe?t interests of Georgia. — Cartersville Express. In passing, let us say that the Post- Appeal is the most readable paper we re- ceive from Atlanta. It is feir ahead of the Constitution in this respect And is what makes a city daily paper valuable at home and respected abroad,— Milledge- vilie Union and Recorder. Those who want a cheap and fearless daily published at the capital, should subscribe for the Post-Appeal.— Sparta Ishmaelite. The Atlanta Post-Appeal we are glad to see is on 'he high road to prosperity. Its advertising columns are crowded and the editors have but I'ttle to do, but that little is well done.— Augusta News. The Atlanta Post- Appeal is a rattling good paper. If you want a real live newspaper, why send for the Atlanta Daily T'ost-Appeal ; for it is the livest», spiciest and best paper now published --Darien -Timber Gazette. In speaking fearlessly on all political subjects, regardless of the past standing- of the men principally concerned, the Atlanta Post-Appeal h'.s proven itself an earnest and worthy co-worker with the weekly press of Georgia. The same can- not be said of any other dailies in the State —Perry Home Journal. The Atlanta Post-Appeal is well thought of wherever known, and it carries force with its arguments. It has become a w 11 established institution, and is brimful of interesting reading matter, including all the late important news.— Rome Tribune. AD VER TISEMENTS. XIX PI I !^ H M H ladd's Lime Works LADD'S X '^ .4 8) LADD'S Or 3FL I CJ XT Xj T XJ Xj LIME. Fertilizer BUILDING AND PLASTERING LIME. 4 81 Portland, Rosendale and Louisville Plastering Hair and Calcined Plaster. 16 S. FORSYTH STREET, ATLANTA, . - - . . GEORGIA- H t XX AD VER TISEMENTS. m^'^ w o «k CO C) X '^ u ;k^ ^ LO. ^ C3 p< ^■■"^ w oo u OD < Cxi B Q C3 ca ^ f— CUD CU WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 1 n C5 i> CO W c^ tc R> > S33 Ur* s Si c^ GC sa ** 4 WHITEHALL STREET, tS^9 OF ATLANTA, GEORGiA. r*aid up Oapital^ - Siirplu.}*;, - - - ^^00,000 40,000 CAMPBELZ WAJLJLACJE President. JAMES H. r OUTER Cashier. NEW YORK CORRESPONDENTS— National Park Bank, Hanover National Bank. Collections and remittances from and to all points in the United States. Campbell Wallace, Wm. A. Moore, James R. Wylie, Ben. E. Crane, James H. Porter. Clinton I. Brown, J. M. Veach, George Winship. AD VER TI SEMEN TS. XXI THE &ATE CITY :ff ATIOIAL BMK OF ATLANTA, GEORGIA. Capital I»ai< WHITEHALL STREET. ^:^^:0 Where he has fitted up rooms suitable to display his works of Art, and has the largest exhibition of Oil Paintings that was ever before seen in the city, consisting of full length, life-size portraits of EMINENT MEN, LOVELl' WOMEN and BEAUTIFUL CHILDREN "* TBe public are cordially invited to call. Prof. Van Stavoren is prepared to in- struct a limited number of pupits in the Art; of Portrait or Landscape Painting. ATLANTA IRQH FOUNDRY, Manufacturer of aii kinds of Castings, Fencing, Etc. .OFFICE AND SHOP, OOHNEE CALHOUN 3TEEET AND aEOEOIA EAILEOAD. The Smith AmRrican Organ Company. SOLD ON INSTALLMENTS. Call and See Us Before You Buy. Send for Catalogues. 27 WHITEHALL STREET, ATLANTA. GA. MANUFACTURER OF AND DEALER IN Improved Grits and Flouring Mill Machinery a Specialty. XXIV AD VER TISEMENTS. ATLANTA National Bank Desipated Depository of the United States, C-A.I=ITJ^Ij, - $150,000 ALFRED AUSTELL, ■ President. W. B. COX, Vice President. PAUL ROMARE, ■ Cashier. IDII^EIOTOI^S: A. All St ell. R.H. Ricliards, W. B. Cox, S.M. Iiimaii, Jas. Swann, P. Rom are. W. VV. Austell. ADVERTISEMENTS. xxv PAPER MILLB The Mill is situated on Entrenchment Creek, five miles south east of Atlanta, by a fine road which is macadamized part of the "^The property, besides the mill, consists of three hundred acres arable lands, well adapted for cotton, gram and fruits The Mill, (for cut of which see page 125 of this book), is part two and part three stories high, the first story stone, balance 'Tachin'i roTm .5x75 feet, engine room 4ox5o feet rag -0^ ^ovcn fppt storae-e room 25x35, stock house at three hundred ^arJs dSant 20X, and seVn' frame and four log houses for ^■^PThtrcWnelfaT/inrcylinder, with six driers, (paper dried ''"o'ettack chilled calendar rolls, nine, 7 inch, . foot u inch. One stack chilled calendar rolls, seven. One stack sand rolls of four. Two beaters. 300 pounds each, built this year. ?.TeS^rnoS?n°^rwt^ff ^^^^^^^^ -- -^^ tenances needed to make a complete outfit for a mill. POWER. Twenty foot Turbine water wheel under fall of /i feet paper machine. recently overhauled, and is now in The whole mill has been ^ecem^y ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^ great first-rate working «^^^^^^^^.^^'the 'resent proprietor wishes to bargain can be now had in it, as ttie presen h v retife. Apply at Office, No. ^3 ^h^;^^j^j,^J,^^;',o Alabama St. Oct. 29, 1 88 1. XXVI Ab VER TISEMENTS. Cor. of Cooper and Glenn Streets., Atlanta, Ga. By JOHI wTaLEXAIDEE. Brick in any quantity for sale. Leave orders at yard or ad- dress through mail, Office 10 E. Alabama St., Atlanta, Ga. REAL ESTATE A&EFT, Has vacant lots, dwellings, stores and buildings for business in Atlanta; also farms and plantations in all parts of Georgia, at low figures and on reasoLable terms. Fire Insurance at Icwest rates. See in person or addt °ss by mail. THE "WHITE B^'VTIUG MiLCHIITE. Its Durability Demonstraied — lis Success Without Parallel. [Atlanta Post- Appeal.] This latest invention and improved sewing machine was introduced into this market about five years ago by Meggrs. J. D. & T. F. Smith in the face of the heaviest kind of cornpeiition with the old patent sewing machines which were already established m the trade. But np^n the unsurpassed merits of their ma- chine, and by the energy and shrewd management of the Messrs Smith, it has advanced m the public favor, unril to-day it is one the leading machines in the market. The most attractive and advantageous principle of this m. chine is that it 19 simply constructed without any cog-gears or heavy cams, thus rendering it one ofthe lightest and quietest running machines on the market. All of its wearing parts are adjustable so that lost motion can be "taken up'' in an instant, thereby making it more lasting than other machine made. When the shafts of all other machines wear the machine is worn out, but the same parts of the ''White" after wearing, can by the tightening of a few screws, be made just as good as new. A few other merits conamendable about this machine is the self- threading, self- set- ting needle, the bobbin winding device and the workmanship ; in fact the Wh.te Sewing Machire embodies the most practical and useful principles of other ma- chines, together with advantages peculiarly its own. It is the easiest selling ma- chine m the maiOiet, and therefore all wide awake dealers make it there specialty. Messrs. J. D. & J . F. Smith, wholesale as well as retaUthe White Sewing Machine. Address or call on them 59 South Broad street, Atlanta, Ga. AD VER TISEMENTS, XXVII vssws^^ SZOTJSIB Done with Neatness and Dispatch. See City Directory for Office, or /^ddress tiirough Post Office. GEO. R. MENEELY. T. W. GETMAN aiSO R. MBNSiSLY & GO. MANUFACTLIEERS OF HOPKINS' PATENT SELF-FITTING JOTJEML BEARHf&S, FOR RAILWAY CARS AND ENGINES. Brass Machinery Castings, Babbitt Metal, Solder, Etc. Pattern and Price Lists Furnished. A. B. BOSTICK, Supt. 87 Whitehall and 94 Broad Streets. STOVES, BABY CAEEIA&ES, Oil Stoves, and House Furnishing Goods, ALL THE LATEST INVENTIONS IN COOKING UTENSILS Send for prices. XXVIII AD VER TISEMENTS. Gale City Premium Steam Dye Works, NO. 7 WEST PETEES STSEBT, ATLANTA, GA. Silk and Woollen goods of all descriptions dyed in a superior style. Ladies' Crape, Stella and Gashmere Shawls ; Silk, Merino and Honneline Dresses ; Gentlemen's Cloaks, Coats, Pants and Vests handsomely cleaned, and everything appertaining to the business punctually attended to, HorSE AIB SiGI Paiiter, GILDER, GLAZIER, CALSOMINER AND PAPER HANGER, ioo>^ Whitehall Street, . . . ATLANTA, GA. If « MeKIH/LlY, Sign, Banner, Transparency, FRESCO AND ORNAMENTAL, PAINTING, No. 8j^ Decatur Street. THE DAVIS VEETIOAL FEED SEWING MACHINE. Atlanta Post-Appeal. The indefatigable Southern Manager, Capt. W. T. Wilson, of Atlanta — a gentle- man of many years' experience in the Sewing Machine trade'of the South — has spared neither pains nor expense in making the display of this really novel Machine one of the attractive features of the Exposition. While it is not as large as some of the machine companies, yet, for good taste and real elegance, it is not surpassed. Four years ago the Davis was not known in the South. To-day there is none better known, and the business of the Southern Department, under the management of Captain Wilson, has steadily grown from the first, and the sales in the territory contiguous to Atlanta is now running away up into the thousands. AD VER TISEMENTS. XXIX kMp 93 WHITEHALL STREET. THE TOT'UJalL'n. 3(e^ Popular Goods ! Popular Prices^! DRY GOODS, CLOTHING, SHOES, Etc, Etc. MATT RYAN IS NOTED FOR WELL SELECTED STOCKS AND LOW PRICES. CALL AND PROVE IT. ^^QlCReliatJle. — 1 ii B^RBILK SMOl*, BY :,>\W'mi DOUGHERTY HUTCHINS, 1^^1331 No. 11 (North Side) Marietta Street, Atlanta, Ga. '■-pjt^^ HOT JLISTID OOLHD BJ^THS. XXX AD VER TIsEMENTS 'v3 O ^ .^ F^ , o-^ CO -p 'j^ ^ ^ i > 5 1) X. ^ pq (!) u ;-q -p ^-^ I'i o :o ^ "u t^ ■p O (U h '•5 y < h 35 '1 rq &I -^ rt ^ •^ ac - >- rt "! ^ al c S ci •-) a! G H2 I). A. COOK. WMBHUMB O. C. S. TERHUNE 24 W. ALABAMA STREET, 46 FORSYTH STREET, ATLANTA. GA Particular attention given to Buying, Selling, Shipping and Boarding Horses and Mules. J^"" Special attention given to the Livery department. •=©& AD VER TISEMENTS. XXXI East Fair St eet, (adjcining Cemetery,) .^^. Xj-^^il^vdlBEI^'X', :E=roprietor, Special attention given tolBoquets a.jd Cut Flowers ; also, to Cemetery Lots. WlI^KIHe M Mau€: ^f mini ^ if HOUSE ^]NI> SIOrST I»^IINTIIXO, No. 15 East Hunter Street, ATLANTA. G-EORGIA. DEALER IN STAPLE AND FANCY GROCERIES, Nos. 84, 86, 88, cor. Decatur and Collins Sis., 35 and 37 Thompson Street, ATLAjSTTA, GEORGIA. KEURT L-E^WIS, I^roprietor. 'i XXXII AD VER TISEMENTS. KuHNS' Art Gallery, IPine iPb.o'togra.plis a. Special-ty- Old Pictures Enlarged and Finished in Crayon, Ink or "Water Colors. "^^^ ISPECIAL INDU6EM EWTS TO CLU BS AND GLASSES. 33K Whitehall Street, - " - - - ATLANTA, GEORGIA. 1'^^'^ K70 McDonough Street, - - JITI^AITTA^ GA. 11^ )l W 1 ^iiiil,,. 9 Invites all who are going to build or have job work done, to address him through the mail, or call at his shop, (for which see City Directory.) and get estimates. I'lie Stlkiitk Weekly l^^t, * PUBLISHED AT ATLANTA, GEORGIA. THE POPULAR FAMILY JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH. Only ^1.00 i>er -A^iiiiiiiii, ^vltli I*i'eiiii\im. J|Write for sample copy and particulars. Agents Wanted in every County in every State of the South. Address EI. 1^. CL^RIvJE, Publisher Weekly Post, ATLANTA, GA. AD VER TISEMENTS. XXXIII Building and Supply House of B. H. Broomhead & Co., 36 Decatur Street. &. JIcqMJ X % ^'^^^ ^ ^^^ /hj^^ J2fi^ORSEY, General Manager. Gen. Freight and Passenger Agent. « T) * ,f1 ^O - -^^^^^^ 'J^^r.\ ^^^ ^^^^ -"^^.^ 4 CK 4 V