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 THE MANASSAS BATTLEFIELD 
 CONFEDERATE PARK 
 
 (Incorporated) 
 
 PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY, VIRGINIA 
 
 Near Manassas, Warrenton, Fairfax Court House, and about 
 
 thirty-five miles from Leesburg, Mount Vernon, 
 
 Washington City and Arlington. 
 
 As reported in the press, in a speech in New York on May 23 , 
 1921 , the President of the United States said: 
 
 We must be Just to ourselves and to our own, first of all. This 
 is not selfishness, for selfishnets seeks more than a fail share: we seek 
 only that uhich is rightly our orvn, and then to preserve that to our- 
 selves and to our posterity. " 
 
 In building a splendid historical memorial on the sacred fields of 
 the battles of Manassas, the South "seeks only that which is righl'y" 
 her "own, and then to preserve that" to herself and to her posterity! 
 
 THE SOUTH'S PROPOSED MEMORIAL TO VALOR 
 
 AND IN THE INTEREST OF 
 
 AMERICAN HISTORY 
 
 Financial and Executive Offices 
 
 325 SOUTHERN BUILDING 
 WASHINGTON, 
 
 D. C. 
 
2 The Manassas Battlefield Confederate Park. 
 
 Copyright, 1921 J^ , ^ 
 
 By Manassas Battlefield Confederate Park \ ^ cr^ 
 
 Incorporated 
 
 J-— *1|^*' 
 
 GEN. ROBERT EDWARD LEE. 
 
 ©CI.A617347 
 
Prince William County, Virginia. 
 
 A LOVELY AND HISTORIC SPOT. 
 
 The chief events of the world-renowned and epochal 
 battles of First and Second Manassas (sometimes known 
 as Bull Run), in the war between the North and the South, 
 occurred on the historic Henry farm. It contains about 
 128 acres, woodland, meadow and upland, h cated in a lovely 
 plain, in sight of the distant and thout>ht-ins])irini;' Bull 
 Run Mountain, This farm is about six miles from the city 
 of Manassas, on the Southern Railway, fifteen from the 
 happily renowned precincts of Fairfax Court House, with 
 its interestino- Oeorge Wasliington records; the same dis- 
 tance from AVarrenton, about which so much brilliant his- 
 tory and romance unsurpassed in charm cluster; and not 
 far away are Mount Vernon, and then a few miles further, 
 Alexandria, with its many interesting reminders of some 
 of the very greatest events in American history; and yet 
 ten miles more is the lovely city of Washington on the 
 solemn banks of the renowned Potomac, — all sacred to the 
 memory of W^ashington, Chief Justice Marshall, the 
 Custises, the Lees, LaFayette, and many other fathers of 
 our country. 
 
 THE LEE HIGHWAY. 
 
 The Lee Highway, leading out of Washington by the 
 heights of glorious Arlington, along which thousands of 
 tourists will soon be thundering, passes the Park, thence 
 into Warrenton, and then out over the Blue Ridge, pre- 
 senting an absorbing panorama, then into and up the 
 splendid Shenandoah Valley, and out by Lexington, where 
 Lee and Jackson, among the world's greatest men, in honor 
 and profoundly loved, await the last reveille. 
 
 REVOLUTION AND SECESSION. 
 
 The shaft of Bunker Hill is eloquent of the inalienable 
 right of revolution, a right comprehended l)y the secession 
 for which the South fought; at Gettysburg and at Chicka- 
 mauga and on the heights about Chattanooga marker and 
 monument primarily attest the physical bravery and 
 
4 The Manassas Battlefield Confederate Park. 
 
 heroism of a gallant Federal army; ])nt there is nowhere 
 shaft or marker, the gift of a great and devoted South, to 
 remind the future that the South of the era of secession 
 was always and to the last more truly and sanely anti- 
 slavery than the North. 
 
 Where have the descendants of a great people of that 
 war-blighted era, the sun of whose l)rilliant, trying and 
 heroic day is hard upon the western hills, planted similar 
 memorials the prime purpose of which is to warn the future 
 that the South, from first to last, was the more devoted to 
 the principles of government by ivritteri constitution; and 
 to proclaim the great truth that secession did as much for 
 American constitutional government as did the Revolution 
 which made the CONSTITUTION possible? 
 
 MANASSAS SACRED TO ALL THE SOUTH. 
 
 Upon the fields of First and Second Manassas there fell 
 lads from homes in every State in the Southland, They died 
 for the princii)les for which the South stood and for the 
 security of Southern homes. 
 
 Hence, the battlefields of Manassas are sacred to every 
 section of the South. , 
 
 Not only there did gallant Wheat and heroic Bee and 
 innumerable others pay the highest price for what the 
 South stood; but there Beauregard and Johnston out- 
 maneuvered and Southern soldiers outfought the finest and 
 best equipped army up to that time gathered in America. 
 Robert Edward Lee and "Stonewall" Jackson, again meas- 
 uring up to the demands of a great crisis, repeated tlio 
 brilliant feat at Second Manassa^:. As a result Manassas 
 is the birthplace of the first real and general respect the 
 North ever entertained for the South and without which 
 there could be no great national solidarity which today 
 exists. 
 
 The battles of Manassas, therefore, mark one of the most 
 important epochs in American historij! 
 
 PURPOSES OF THE PARK. 
 
 That particularly the children of the South may the 
 better understand such imiwrtant results of the war l)e- 
 
Prince William County, Virginia. 
 
 GEN. JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON. 
 In ISOl the Federal Government threw four gre t army columns into its invasion 
 of the South. In chief command was Gen. Winfield Scott, an astute and seasoned 
 veteran. Opposing the most important of these movements we e two smaller Con- 
 federate armies, the one in the Shenandoah Valley, commanded l;y General Johnston; 
 and another, with head(iuarters neir Manass s, commande i by Geieral Beauregard. 
 The latter was facing a po^verful Federal army under the immediite command of 
 Gen. Irvin McDowell. It was boasted that Virgin. a would l)e overrun in ninety days I 
 
 tweeii the Confederacy and the Federal (xovernment, the 
 Manassas Battk-tield Confederate Park is planned ])oth 
 as a memorial and in the interest of im])artial education. 
 
 WHO MAY PARTIC^IPATE. 
 
 '[\) this sph'iidid jjroject the Southern peo])le and the 
 Southern States, including Maryland, Missouri and Ken- 
 tucky, are otfered the opportunity to heeome parties. 
 
 Tixm what phui :' Of course you are rightly interested 
 in that. 
 
 OUTLINK OF THE (M)RP()KATE PLAN. 
 
 The in-oject will ])e managed hy a corporation under 
 Chapter 151 of the 1 919 C'ode of Virginia. In the first place, 
 as required hy tlic hiw, the incorporators obtained from 
 Hon. Samuel (1. Brent, Judge of the Circuit Court of Prince 
 William Countv, \^irginia, a certificate tliat they are of 
 
6 The Manassas Battlefield Confedeeate Park. 
 
 good moral character and suitable persons to be incorpor- 
 ated fcr the purpose proposed. Backed by that certificate 
 the charter went to the State Corporation Connnission. 
 After very mature deliberation, it was approved May 16, 
 1921, and will be found of record in the office of the Secre- 
 tary of the Commonwealth, Richmond, and the clerk's office 
 of the Circuit Court, Manassas. The plan is simple, making- 
 for certainty of action, protecting- the funds that are re- 
 quired, and looking- to sane and wise management. 
 
 The charter creates, under the Virginia law, a nonstock 
 corporation. Those who contribute the needed funds will 
 become members of the corporation and their names and 
 addresses, when known to the secretary, will l)e perpetuated 
 in a book for that purpose. There will be, of course, no 
 dividends; and there is no liability on the part of any 
 donor or subscriber beyond the amount of the donation. 
 The donation or subscription will be a memorial offering 
 and in the interest of impartial history, and as provided by 
 the charter, 
 
 IN memory of the 
 
 BRAVE dead and WOUNDED OF BOTH ARMIES 
 
 who fcught in said battles; 
 
 AND THAT SAID LAND MAY STAND A PERPETUAL PARK 
 
 as the South 's tribute 
 
 TO ALL CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS OF THAT WAR 
 
 and as 
 
 AN EXPRESSION OF SOUTHERN LOVE AND ADMIRATION OF THE 
 GLORIOUS AND DEVOTED WOMEN OF THE SOX'TH DURING THAT 
 
 DREAD era! 
 
 The business matters of the corporation will be controlled 
 by a board of three directors. Since it will be impractical 
 for those who contribute the needed money to meet in any 
 very large number, and in such meeting sit in judgment 
 upon the acts of the directors and officers, the charter 
 makes these directors and officers answerable to and under 
 the supervision of the State Corporation Commission of 
 Virginia and the Circuit Court of the County where the 
 Park is situated. 
 
Prince William County, Virginia. 
 
 GEN. G. T. BEAUREGARD. 
 In July, 1861, McDowell moved his spiendid army against Manassas. Johnston, 
 brilliantly aided by Stuart and Jackson, completely outwitted his antagonist, hurried 
 over the mountains and joined Beauregard in time to help administer to McDowell the 
 defeat which culminated July 1:^1. ISIil, the greatest events of whicli occurred near 
 the Henry house, on the proposed Park, ending in the most shameful flight on the part 
 of the Federals. 
 
 This plan assures honesty, efficiency and certainty of 
 action. 
 
 Tpon petition by any one or more contributing to this 
 enteri)rise, the Circuit Court or judge thereof in vacation 
 may remove any director for cause. After the first year, 
 as authorized as to corporations of this kind, the directors 
 (h) till' voting usually done by the stockholders in a com- 
 mercial c()ri)()ration. This wise provision of the law is 
 for efficiency and speed. 
 
 The enterprise is in no sense commercial. The purposes 
 are purely benevolent, memorial, educational and in the 
 interest of liistorical truth. The plan is, as this outline of 
 the charter discloses, simple: obtain the money and buy the 
 land, 128 acres known as the Henry farm, including the 
 interesting and instructive museum now in the Henry House, 
 at the purchase ])rice of $25,000, the rery least price that 
 could he ohtaiiied, and it required considerable effort to 
 
8 The Manassas Battlefield Confederate Park. 
 
 get an option at this figure. When the land is olitained 
 moniunent and mark and maintain this lovely place as the 
 proposed Park, operating, under a competent party who 
 will lecture on the battles to the thousands who will visit 
 the ])lace and the museum of war relics. 
 
 HOW FUNDS WILL BE HANDLED. 
 
 The charter authorizes and names a FINANCE BOARD. 
 All funds will pass through its hands. It is charged with 
 turning them over to the treasurer and then seeing that he 
 gives for their ])rotection a proper surety company bond! 
 Too, that Board is required to audit the l)ooks of the 
 trea-urer; and it will thus be known to the satisfaction of 
 all what disposition is being made of the funds. Any dis- 
 position not authorized by the charter will l)e protected by 
 the surety company bond. Ererif precaution has been taken 
 for safety, speed and efficiencif! 
 
 THE MUSEUM AND BENEVOLENT PURPOSE. 
 
 It is proposed to ccntinue the museum now on the land. 
 The charter authorizes a reasonable charge for those who 
 visit it. Many yearly see the place now; thousands more 
 will do so when the Lee Highway is completed ! The charter 
 provides that after the upkeep of the property has been met 
 and proper monuments and markers obtained and placed, 
 if there be any surplus it must be used in the interest of 
 education to publish an impartial and full history of the 
 battles of Manassas and of that war and its causes: or, 
 within the discretion of the directors, the surplus over up- 
 keep may be used for the help or relief of any needy ex-Con- 
 federate soldiers or the widows of such. 
 
 This henevolence ivill not l)e local onlij. The Daughters 
 of the C^onfederacy, the Confederate Veterans, and the 
 Confederated Memorial Association "may nominate per- 
 sons for such charities. " Such nominations may be through 
 committees for the purpose or in general convention. 
 
 Such is the plan of the ]U'oposed Manassas Battlefield 
 Confederate Park; such are the powers provided by the 
 
Prince AVilliam County, Virginia. 
 
 charter. This project appeals at least to every orthodox 
 and ])atri()ti(' Southerner, — to all, in fact, who admire 
 l)ra\(My, patiiotic zeal, fairness, justice and impartial 
 history. 
 
 TO SUCH THE PROJECT APPEALS IN THE FAITH 
 THAT HE LOVES HIS WHOLE COUNTRY BEST 
 WHO FIRST ARDENTLY LOVES HIS OWN HEARTH- 
 STONE, 
 
 THE OFFICERS. 
 
 As reijiiired by tlie law the charter names for the first 
 
 year the officers and the members of the Finance Board. 
 
 They are : 
 
 President: Major PI W. R. Ewing, Past Historian-in-Chief, 
 Sons of Confederate Veterans, widely known attorney 
 and author, Ballston, Virginia, and Washington, D. C. 
 
 First Vice-President: Mrs. Susan Hutchison, representing 
 the Confederated Memorial Association, Manassas, 
 Virginia. 
 
 Second Vice-President : Miss Mildred Rutherford, repre- 
 senting the United Daughters of the Confederacy, 
 Athens, Georgia. 
 
 'J' red surer: Capt. AVestwoord Hutchison, Commander of 
 the local cam]), United Confederate Veterans, lianker 
 and hnsiness man, Manassas, Virginia. 
 
 Sec re far//: .1. Roy Price, Editor-in-Chief, Sons' Depart- 
 ment of Confedc! ate Veteran, a y( img man of efficiency 
 and enthusiasm, Washington, D. C 
 For the first year the three directors are Messrs. Ewing, 
 
 Hutchison and Price. 
 
 THE FIXAN(i^] BOAIH) AND THE FUNDS. 
 
 'I'he Finance Board is headed by Dr. Clarence J. Ownes, 
 director general of the Southern Commercial (^^ngress, 
 internationally known as an organizer and a dynamo of 
 efficiency and effectiveness, and the Hon. R. Walton Moore, 
 member of Congress from \^irginia, a man of the highest 
 (hai'acter and one of the leading lawvers of the countrv. 
 
10 The Manassas Battlefield Confederate Paek. 
 
 At tl.e Henry house yet -i - ; < k :i a tree killed l)y thousands of 
 
 bullets ! 
 
 The original Henry house was demolished by shot and shell. "Grandmother" 
 Henry, an invalid who could not be removed in t'me, was killed during the lighting as 
 she lay in her Lied. The house has lieen relniilt since the war. 
 
 The monument in the distance is a crude memorial erected just at the close of 
 the war by Federal soldiers in memory of their dead and wounded during those battles. 
 
 Here and there and scattered far and near over the fields of First and Second 
 Manassas or lUill Run are splendid granite shafts marking spots of peculiar interest 
 to Federal soldiers, and erected by them ; yet not a spot in commemoration of the 
 heroism and valor of and signal victory won by Confederate troops is suitably marked 
 or monumented I 
 
 Associated with these gentlemen are, among others who 
 will lie hereafter named, the following: 
 
 Col. Robert E. Lee, Gen, Lee's nephew; Commander 
 Nathan B. Forrest, Sons of Confederate Veterans, Beloxi, 
 
Prince William County, Virginia. 11 
 
 Miss. ; Col. MacDonald Lee, Richmond, Virginia ; Mrs. Cor- 
 nelia B. Stone, Washington, D. C; Mrs. A. McD. Wilson, 
 President General of the (Confederated Memorial Associa- 
 tion, Atlanta, Georgia; Mrs. Virginia F, Boyle, Memphis, 
 Tenn.; Mrs. S. M. Davis-Roy, Front Royal, Virginia; Mrs. 
 W. E. Hntton, Washington, D. C; Capt. Fred Beall, Com- 
 mander of the Washington Camp, U. C. V., attorney, Wash- 
 ington, D. C. ; Arthur H. Jenning, Historian-in-Chief , S. C. 
 v., Lynchl)urg, Virginia; Hon. E. S. Turner, Warrenton, 
 Vii'giiiia; Col. E. B. White, Leeslmrg, Virginia; Hon. Wm, 
 L. Old, Jr., Norfolk, Virginia; Major Wallace Streater, 
 Washington, D. C., and F. R. Fravel, Ballston, Virginia. 
 
 THE SOUTHERN STATES AND ORGANIZATIONS 
 REPRESENTED. 
 
 The charter i)rovi(les that after the first year, since all 
 officers f ( r the first year must under the law be named in 
 the charter, the United C^onfederate Veterans, the Confed- 
 erated ^Memorial Association, and the United Daughters of 
 the Confederacy may each nominate a member of the 
 Finance Board; and the following States may each nom- 
 inate, through the governor or by law as may be provided, 
 a mem))er of this beard: 
 
 Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisi- 
 ana, ^laryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, 
 Soiitli Carolina, Texas, Tennessee, and Virginia. 
 
 Tliis gives the entire South, as nearly as is practically 
 possible, an opjtortunity to keep in touch with the affairs 
 of the organization, to see that the funds are properly pro- 
 tected and api)lied to the purposes authorized by the charter, 
 and to co-operate as fully as is practical in an enterprise of 
 this nature. 
 
 NO SALARIES. 
 
 The clKirfcr further provides. Jet if he remewhered, ihaf 
 )io officer (11/(1 I/O (■oii/ii/iffeeii/(ni sl/oU receive ax if scdarii. 
 
12 The Manassas Battlefield Confederate Park. 
 
 FEDERAL MONUMENTS OR MARKERS. 
 
 The l)oard of directors will be glad to consider receiving 
 and placing any marker or monument, bearing suitable in- 
 scriptions, in memory of any unit or persons of the Federal 
 army participating in those battles. 
 
 WHY A SOUTHERN PARK? 
 
 Lest some forget, need we say that we build not to recall 
 the bitterness or to engender improper sectionalism? New 
 England has her Pilgrim R( ck memorial and the National 
 Monument of Plymouth cost $200,000! Boston has hei- 
 Bunker Hill shaft. Washington City has her im])osing 
 granite obolisk and her Hall of Fame. Each has a story, 
 thrilling, sacred, splendid, to tell. 
 
 Hasn't the South a distinct, wonderful, e(jually thrilling, 
 all-important story? 
 
 To help tell her story rightly and fully, and all the more 
 because it is a big part of American history, we build this 
 Southern educational and memorial park. 
 
 To the South the pages of her story are all the more im- 
 ])ortant because today and in the past her chapter of Amer- 
 ican history is neither rightly nor fully, as a rule, told. In 
 this day of conciliation, forgiveness and commercialism, 
 even we of the South are forgetting all too far how that, 
 when rightly related, honorable chapter of American history 
 is seriously, hurtfully and dangerously untruthfully taught 
 to our children ! Yes, and to children everywhere. Propa- 
 ganda, however dangerous, uncontradicted, soons scatters 
 an irradicable poison ! There could be no better time than 
 right now to look this stern fact ''square in the face," to 
 see a few representative instances of the persistent poison 
 that is being innoculated into child minds. Here they are: 
 
 Holland, in his ''Life of Lincoln," says: 
 
 "The rebellion [that is, the secession of the South] was 
 conceived in ])erjury, lirought forth in violence, cradled in 
 ignorance, and reared upon spoils. It never had an apology 
 for its existence that will be entertained for a moment at 
 the bar of historv." 
 
Pbijsce Wllllam County, Virginia, 
 
 13 
 
 "Stonewall" Jackson got his immortal name and was slightly wounded near where 
 today stands this cedar on the Henry plateau. 
 
 Isn't the spot worthy of a more credit;; hie marker and memorial tahlet? 
 
 The inviting forest in the background is on the proposed park and to the 
 southward as one looks from this tree; while the enchanting Bull Run Mountain is 
 in the opposite direction and far away in the blue haze. 
 
 The Smart Set, a widely read magazine published in 
 New York City, in February, 1920, said : 
 
 "Lynching', in brief, is a phenomenon of isolated and 
 stupid communities . . . and in the South . . . the 
 ignorant moral enthusiasm" of "n( isy dodo evangelical" 
 clergymen "is largely to blame for the prevalence of 
 Ivnching." 
 
14 The Manassas Battlefield Confederate Park. 
 
 GEN. "STONEWALL" JACKSON. 
 
 McDowell's great flanking army, nerved I)y United States regulars and backed 
 by 25 or more deadly rifled cannon, was sweeping a thin Confederate line, greatly 
 outnumbered, from the field just 2s Jackson halted his men on the crest of the hill 
 overlooking the field. Jackson sat his horse near the little cedar, shot and .shell 
 raking right and left. General 15ee, striving heroically to hold his thin line against 
 the swellirig Federals and yet watching for help, saw Jackson as he halted. Galloping 
 up, Cec shouted; "General, they are beating us liack !" "Then," calmly replied 
 Jackson, "we will give them the bayonet !" Bee, impressed by the calmness of 
 Jackson and the firmness of his men under the deadly rifled cannon fire, rushed back 
 to his men, shouting: "See Jackson and his men standing like a stone wall!" 
 
 Then shortly Bee fell dead upon that splendid field — and today nothing rnarks the 
 sacred spot where either he or Wheat or the men of IJvans and others paid the highest 
 price for what th^ South stood 1 And Jackson's terrible bayonet charge will, if something 
 isn't done quickly, socn be little appreciated, though Jackson and his men then and therv; 
 taught the world a lesson in the art of war that did much to help America win on 
 the bloody fields of distant France. 
 
 Shall the children of this country and particularly those 
 of the South come to believe that our Confederate ancestors 
 were enemies of their country? Because a great body of 
 people fight those who are in control of a government not 
 only does not of itself make them enemies either of the 
 form of that government or of the country which it was 
 designed to govern; but, on the contrary, such a war may 
 show them the bravest and finest patriots and friends of 
 both that government and country. History proves our 
 Confederate ancestors the friends of both the constitutional 
 government and the tvliole countrv over which it was de- 
 
Prince AVilliam County, Virginia. 15 
 
 signed to have jurisdiction. Theif were neither enemies 
 nor traitors to either! Yet so persistent is the propaganda 
 which seeks to distort the historical truth, that North and 
 South people are more and more coming to regard our 
 Confederate ancestors as enemies of our country! An 1 
 what is more despicable than one who is his country's 
 e)iemyF Shall our children thus believe of our Confederate 
 ancestors? Here is an instance of the kind of statement 
 which, /■/ unchecked, will in another generation bring our 
 chihlren thus to believe, and this sample of the many is 
 found in a great paper published in AVashington in May, 
 1921 : 
 
 "One of the greatest statesmen since the days of the 
 fathers — Lincoln — drew upon the country's resources . . . 
 and succeeded so well that even the enemies of that day 
 are among the country 's^staunchest supporters of this day." 
 
 Do we want the children of the future to believe that our 
 Confederate ancestors c( mposed in the South a "filthy 
 aristocracy"? Note the adjective, "filthy"! Well, that is 
 exactly what Frank Crane, one of the most widely read men 
 of today, North or South, called our Confederate ancestors 
 of the pre-war j^eriod in an article ])ublished in the official 
 organ of the Y. M. C. A., at one time during our war with 
 Germany. That edition went into England, France and all 
 over America! Those two words measure its entire tone 
 toward the South. 
 
 Shall the children of the South be taught that our Con- 
 federate ancestors fought to "extend and perpetuate 
 slavery ' ' 1 
 
 During our war with Germany again and again Northern 
 writers and even writers in Europe compared the position 
 of Germany in making war upon Belgium and France as 
 similar to the ]irinciples which actuated secession; and per- 
 sistently insisted that the war by the Federal Government 
 l)acked by the North upon the South following secession 
 was justified by the principles applicable to our war against 
 Germany ! The basis of such an unwarranted comparison 
 is the unsound premise that the South seceded "to extend 
 
16 The Manassas BATTLrFiEi.D Confederate Park. 
 
 and perpetuate negro slavery!" Sueli an argmnent is so 
 wanting in evidential support that it is astounding; yet so 
 persistent has been the propaganda from the North to cover 
 an unjustified war upcn the South in 1861 to 18(35 that we 
 find this contention leering from the pages of the most 
 serious books and from the columns of the daily press. 
 Here is an instance, representative of the hundreds, by the 
 Editor of the New Republic, in 1919: 
 
 "The object of the South in seceding from the Union was 
 to obtain a free hand in order to perpetuate and extend 
 the institution of negro slavery." (Quoted and refuted in 
 William and Mary Quarterly, April, 1919.) 
 
 Just these and more and often worse are what, over and 
 over, Southern children are reading. Just look one more 
 moment at them: not the war period only, but from first 
 to last, every period and every phase of Southern history 
 is besmirched ! 
 
 Soon, all t( soon, if there is no rescue, our children will 
 come thus to believe! Shall it be, Sons of the American 
 Revolution, Sons and Daughters of the Southern Confed- 
 eracy? We would not suppress, we merely offer the fiiJl 
 truth, and the "truth shall make" our children free. 
 
 Ah, surely, "we must be just to ourselves and to our own, 
 first of all" 
 
 And what is more preciously our own than an horwrahle 
 and untarnished past and right-thinking children of the 
 future, children proud of their ancestors' entire record? 
 
 Then, come; let us build upon the blood-ecnsecrated soil 
 of the battles of Manassas or Bull Run this great historical 
 memorial and through it renew our vow to our Confederate 
 ancestors : 
 
 "Nrr shall your story be forgot 
 While Fame her records keep, 
 
 Or Honor points the hallowed spot, 
 Where valor |)roudly sleeps," 
 
 "We seek onlv that which is rio-htlv our own," 
 
Prince William County, Virginia. 17 
 
 THE SECOND BATTLE OF MANASSAS OR BULL RUN 
 
 (.)ne day in 1, si an army was hurrying across the now historic Raccoon Ford of the 
 inl'",H''l p"''"' '," ^."■*'""'='- "'^ /Y ^""th of Washington. That army was composed o* 
 spl ndid lennsylvania troops led by the dashing Wayne. Wayne and his armv of th- 
 ^orth were pressing to remlorce Lafayette in that most momentous struggle for 'the right 
 ot selt-deternunation in government. 
 
 I Ins army. Us government having in important essentials forgotten the Constitution which 
 sprang trom the principles of the Revolution, was in that year 1802 trving to deny to 
 eleven States with more people exactly what thirteen colonies with fewer people succes,- 
 tully asserted under Washington, Lafayette and Wayne. 
 
 Confronting that army which swung from the Rapidan to the Blue Ridge was another 
 army, gathered from all quarters of the South. This Southern armv represented the 
 principles of the Revolution, made clearer through the guarantees of the Constitution— 
 G™7, r ■""'"'^'P'" "P"" '"'"ch America and the allies hut yesterday waged war against 
 
 on }J}.f^ *"'1 armies, hovering between the Rapidan and the Blue Ridge, were Augus. 
 ^0, 1662, on the eve of fierce and deadly battle. 
 
 General Pope was iii command of the Northern army and General Lee was leading 
 VV.I" T^' r, '^^ Southern forces. McClellan. early in August, 1862, had filed out of 
 Washington City at the head of another army. He was to co-operate with Pope and the 
 annihilation of Lees army, much inferior in numbers and equipment, was to follow. 
 
 cavalry leading, Jackson swung to his right. In the morning of the second day his 
 
 covery. Jackson s hungry men feasted upon Pope's stores, cut his communications and 
 •served notice of their whereabouts by dense clouds of smoke from his burning com- 
 
 missaries. 
 
 whol- division of Federals, took possession of Thoroughfare Gap. supposing Jackson 
 would try to hurry out that wav. But Jackson, under Lee's plans, had gone to " Pope's 
 rear to hght. not to retreat. Part of that plan was that Longstre-t move around th ■ 
 mountain and through Thoroughfare Gap to join Jackson. When Longstreet's advance 
 reached the gap it found the only gateway to the rendezvous of Lee's army in the hands 
 of the en-niyl But some of the Confederates climbed the mountain and fell upon 
 Rickett's flanks whil- others assault-d in front. The gap was soon cleared and Longstreet 
 marched througli and joined Jackson, wlio was then posted on what he called "Groveton 
 Heights." 
 
 By this time Pope was so thoroughly enraged that it is said he declared he would 
 "bag the whole crowd." 
 
 On the morning of .August 29 Lee in person stood on a commandnig position near 
 the head of Young's Branch. For three miles in one direction he could see Jackson's 
 gray lines. Out in the other direction to the southward, across the fields and through 
 forests, for another three miles, he could see the grim battle array of Longstreet. 
 
 Pope, reliable evidence shows, did not yet know that Lee had concentrated his army; 
 and on that very morning Pope stood on Buck's Hill, not very far from Lee. and 
 watched So.Ono of his men assault Jackson's 20,0001 
 
 Thus began Seconc) Alanassas or Bull Run. 
 
 Jackson did not run or throw down Irs guns, as Pope no doubt expected. So Pope 
 determined to hurl his T.'),0()0 troops against Jackson's thin line of now f=wer thin 
 20.000! Pope meant to annihilate or bag Jackson before Longstreet and Lee reached the 
 field 1 Constantly adding fresh troops, during t°n terrible hours the Federals, who were 
 well led and fought with the courage of brave men, launched assault after assault. Books 
 would scarce hold the true stories of Confederate heroism, daring and skill. At one time, 
 
18 The Manassas Battlefield Confederate Park. 
 
 GENERAL BEE 
 
 for instance, the Confederates found themselves out of ammunition. .\s they were beat 
 back across the fills of an unfinished railway, they re-formed and held their line "partly 
 with cobble stones, picked from the railway fills and cuts." At another time Gregg's 
 Carolinians got out of ammunition; but they sent the commanding ofticer word that they 
 would not retreat and would hold their position with the bayonet, and to hurry on the 
 powder and ball ! 
 
 Men who thus fought had much more at stake than the base determination to per- 
 petuate and extend negro slavery 1 And their cause deserves a correct record and their 
 heroism a fitting monument! 
 
 These instances are representative. The story is too long for this booklet. The 
 greatest struggle between the two armies came on the second day, .\ugust 30, 1862. 
 Le? in person led as his whole army charged grandly into the lines of th? outnumbering 
 Blue! Stuart's and Fitz Lee's cavalry had joined in the struggle and every available 
 gun on both sides went into action. Just before night the Federal lines broke. Pope's 
 reserves were on the Henry plateau, about the center of the proposed Park. Jackson's 
 men swept across the road and to the foot of the plateau. A Httle more than a year 
 earlier Jackson had plunged his bayonets down the hill from where Pope's fresh troops 
 now held position. Up the hill this time went th' Southerners; and once again their 
 bayonets cleared the field! Pope's reserves retreated toward the Stone Bridge just as 
 darkness fell upon another memorable and glorious Southern victory. 
 
 Twenty thousand of Pope's men were dead or wovinded. according to one source 
 regarded as reliable; while Lee's dead and wounded were about 8,000! 
 
Prince William County, Virginia. 
 
 19 
 
20 The Manassas Battlefield Confederate Park. 
 
 LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 
 
 013 701 914 
 
 L 
 
 General (and rather old and without some roads) map of First Manassas or 
 Bull Run. The oblongs indic?te army units before »hey met in the terrible and 
 decisive struggle near and about the Henry house. See "Henry's" on the map just 
 west of the Stone Bridge. "Henry's" is alaout the center of the proposed Park. 
 
 Statistics differ somewhat, but it appears conservative to say that the Federals at 
 First Manassas numbered over 34,0(XI and the Confederates a coml^ined total of 
 about 29,0CM). 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
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