.F8F5 \^v^;^::V:.. I- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. ChapHf^il.^ Copyright No.. >4= UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 17!)7 1897 HISTORY OF Columbus Celebration Franklinton Geniennia BY STEPHEN A, FITZPATRICK U. S. MORRIS PRICE. - $2,00 COPYRIGHTED 1897 COLUMBUS, O V^v.^ ^^-^A^ ' HESReCtlVED^ I.UCAS SULIvIVANT, FOUNDER OF FRANKLINTON. >o.> . . . PRESS OF . . . THE NEW FRANKLIN PRINTING COMPANY, COLUMBUS, OHIO. PREFACE The Columbus celebration of the J^ranklinton Centennial, September 14, 15 and 16, 1897, was an occasion of such rare historical interest that it has seemed to the publishers of this volume that the history of that event should take a more convenient, if not a more permanent, form than the files of the Columbus daily newspapers. Never in the history of Ohio's capital has the public mind been turned with such veneration to the settlers of Franklinton as it was during the weeks of the summer of 1897, culminating in the cen- tennial exercises in September. No sooner had the celebra- tion been formally determined upon than the tide reminis- cence set in. Gray hairs became a special badge of honor, and a good memory of pioneer days secured to its fortunate possessor a circle of eager attendants. Reminiscence became the choice morsel in the newspaper's daily menu, and the younger generations learned much of local history that they had never before heard. The revelation of old things was as interesting to the new generation as would have been the revelation of new things to the generation past and gone. To preserve this picture ot the past, with its modest heroes and heroines in homespun, and their struggle to transform the forest settlement into a village of civilization, with all the guarantees of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, is the purpose of this book. To know what the pioneers endured and how they struggled for that which is ours without an effort, almost without a thought, is an in- spiration. To know that, after a hundred years the efforts of the pioneers found token of appreciation in speech, in song, and a thousand deeds, is at least gratifying. In the pages that follow every important detail of the celebration is touched, and the history is written with such fullness as to give all who participated proper mention. To this is added a history of Franklinton, from the laying out of the town in 1797, by Lucas Sullivant, through the stirring war period, when the town gained its greatest importance, and that other period of independent existence on the edge of the more flourishing capital city, down to its annexation to Columbus in 1870. In the preparation of this volume it has not always been possible to give credit to the sources of information, and it is desired here to acknowledge indebtedness to the Columbus Dispatch, the Ohio State Journal, and the Evening Press; to Martin's " History of Franklin County, and to Alfred E. Lee's comprehensive " History of the City of Columbus." STEPHEN A. FITZ PATRICK. U. S. MORRIS. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. The Founding of Franklinton. Earl}' towns in the Northwest Territory— Lucas Sullivant's first expedi- tions — Franklinton site chosen — Flood and change of plat — Offer to settlers. CHAPTER II. Origin and Growth of the Centennial Idea. Father Mathew Total Abstinence Society takes the first step — Meeting called by Father D. A. Clarke — Committee of one hundred appointed — Other Organizations interested - Permanent committees named - A monster Press Committee — Progress of committee work — Site selected and date of celebration fixed. CHAPTER III. The First Day. The decorations — Appearance of grounds — Exercises at the grounds — Speeches by D. J. Clahane, Governor Asa Bushnell, E. C. Irvine (represent- ing Mayor Samuel L. Black), and General John Beatty — Sports and races — Historical tableaux. CHAPTER IV. The Second Day. Military, civic and industrial parade — Flag raising exercises at Convent of the Good Shepherd — Exercises at the grounds — Speeches by Senator M. A. Hanna, Bishop John A. Watterson, and Colonel E. L. Taylor — Sports in the water and on the track — Historical tableaux repeated — Fireworks display. CHAPTER V. The Third (Pioneer's) Day. Notable gathering of old citizens — Speeches by B. F. Martin, Rev. J. H. Creighton, and Congressman John J Lentz — The Centennial song, by a mixed chorus — Sham battle in the rain — Abrupt ending of celebration — " Frank linton's Colors" — Cost of the Centennial celebration — West Side citizens' resolutions of thanks. CHAPTER VI. The EXHTRIT OF Reijcs. Great interest in locating relics — Warren K. Mooreliead chosen secre- tary of the connnittee — Location and arrangement of the display — Activity of the State Archaeological and Historical Society — An old-time quilting, weaving and spinning bee — List of articles exhibited. CHAPTER Vn. The Growth of Frankijnton. The first settlers — Sickness and discouragement — Lucas Sullivant first in every enterprise — First salt well — Organization of Franklin County and its four townships — First court — First jail — First court-house — First grist mill —First school-house — Early school teachers' pay— Dr. James Hoge, the pioneer preacher — First church organization — The first pastoral call — First church building —The Freeman's Chronicle, the first newsT paper— Editorial trials — James B. Gardiner, the first editor — The first mail service. CHAPTER VHI. The War Period in Franklinton. Character of the town — Laying out of Columbus as the capital — The outbreak of the war with England - Franklinton a rendezvous and military headquarters for General William Henry Harrison - General Harrison's conference with the neutral Indians — Incidents of the campaign — Death of Mrs. Lucas Sullivant — War prices. chaptf;r IX. After the War. Effort to annex Franklinton to Columbus — A successful protest — First bridge over the Scioto — Scioto Floods — Franklinton's burying ground — Removal of county seat to Columbus — Franklin township justices — Franklinton annexed to Columbus — After annexation. CHAPTER X. Some Notable Pioneers. Lucas Sullivant, the founder; his home life — William S. Sullivant, the scientist — Michael L. Sullivant, the farmer - Joseph Sullivant, the pub- licist — Lyne Starling — Rev. Dr. James Hoge — Dr. Sanmel Parsons — Gustavus Swan — John Kerr — Dr. Lincoln Goodale — John Brickell. CHAPTER XI. PERvSONAL Reminiscence.s. Mrs. Joel Searles' recollections — The Brotherlin family — Alum Creek settlements — Mrs. Matthias Martin's experiences — Mrs. Margaret Flem- ing's retrospect — Pearly settlers at Headley's Corners — The Baughman- Dague settlement — Mrs. Emily Merion-Stewart's remini.scences — The first physician, and the earl}^ modes of treatment. CHArXKR xir. RiooRAPincAi. Sketchp:s. Hon. M. A. Haiiiia — Hon. Samuel J. Swartz — Milo B. Lee — D. J. Clahane — Samuel Borger ~ Hon. Gilbert H. Stewart — Rev. Dennis A. Clark — Charles I'\ Kipp — William Brixner— Frank Wehr — General Jthn Beatty — Hon. Rmilius O. Randall - Richard E. Jones - Samuel G. Mc- Clure — Gustav Maier — Frank N. Davey — Richard Sinclair — C. M. vSav- age, M. D.— William D. Bresnahan — Patrick Kelly — P/lward K. Lerch — Col. James Kilhcmrne, sr. - Col. James Kilbourne, jr. — Hon. James H. An- derson -- Hon. John G. Deshler — Henry A. Harmon— James Davey — Washington Gladden, D. D. — Daniel McAlister — Hon. Edward J. Brae -en — Lorenzo D. Hagerty— Michael J. Kienle — Charles H. Brown — Benjamin F. Martin — Frederick Lutz - William Federer — Nicholas A. Court— James Burns — Will W. Homes, M. D.— Colonel E. L. Taylor— Stephen A. Fitz-. Patrick — Professor J A. Shawan Christopher Ross— Samuel A. Kinnear — Willium S Tussing — Oliver M. Evans — Judge William T. Martin — General C. C. Walcutt — Hon. B. F. Gayman. FRANKLINTON CENTENNIAL CHAPTER I. THE FOUNDING OF FRANKLINTON. Fraiikliiitoii v as one of the early towns of the jSTorthwest Terri- tory. The first was ]\I arietta, fonnded in 1788. C'ohimbia fol- lowed in the i-anie year and then, in the order given, Cincinnati Manchester, Gallipolis, Hamilton, Dayton, Franklin, Chillicothe, Cleveland and F)-ankiinton, the last named having been founded in 17!>7. Tli'^ li( nor of founding Fraid-dinton, now a })rogressive part of Colli luhns, l)elongs to Lucas Sulllvant, who was by birth a Vir- ginian. l>eing in early life cast on his own resources, he wisely litted ]iin;self for surveying, then a lucrative and promising em- ployment, and located in Kentucky which was then a part of Vir- ginia. Thus- when Virginia authorized the appointment of a •UM'iyor of the lands which, in her cession to the general govern- n.enr, she had reserved for her soldiers, and when Colonel Richard C .\ndcvson had been selected for that office, Lucas Sullivant was in. ])Osition to profit by the opportunity. He was appointed, togethei- with Xathaniel Massie, Duncan McArthur, John O'lnnni 'U, Arthur Fox and John Beasley, a deputy surveyor, and to him was assigned the northern portion of the Virginia nnlitarv district. ]\rr. Sidlivant made a nund)er of expeditions into the new terri- tory, the first probably as early as 1702, but it seems that he did not i)enetratc as far noi'th as Columluis till 1795. Tn the spring of that yc^ar, he appeared at the head of a party of twenty Ken- tukians on Deer ci'eek, Madison county. A skirmish with the (> Indian-^, in wliit-li the whites lost two men, drove tlieiu westward and ])rol)al)Iy revealed to Mr. Sullivaiit, earlier than it would otherwise have been, the locality whi(di was to be his future iiouie. That was the forks of the Seioto aud the fertile basin inmiediatelv to the south. He made this the rendezvous for a .-ubse(iiieiit ex])edition, and, when the business of that expedition was done, he returned to this site, located in his own rioht the fertile tract, and in August, 1797, laid out the town of Franklin- lon, notino- the luxuriance of the vegetation and the eligibility of ihe locality as a future seat of population. Perhaps he looked longingly across the Scioto to the high banks where Columbus has since grown up, but that land w^as denied to him for the reason that it was not within the Virginia military district, which he was empowered to survey. Besides, the eastern bank of the Scioto was, like the elevation to the west, thickly wooded, wdiile between the hills, stretched a plain, the fertility of which the Indians had abundantly proved by maize-planting and growing. The dis- advantage of the lowlands was revealed to him the following year when the high water, known as the flood of 1798, sub- merged a good ]iortion of his original jjlat. But this did not turn him from his purpose. Instead, he changed his plat, the outlines of the town being made conformable to the boundaries of the higher ground. Here, about three-quarters of a mile west of the river at Broad street, he erected the iirst l)rick dwelling in the county and established his home. To promote settlement, Mr. Sullivant offered to donate to any who should become actual residents, lots on a certain street which was then and still is called Gift street and which was within one block of the western limit of the town. One family had come in the autumn of 1797 and there were several additional arrivals durino- the winter andspring following. In 1798, James Scott opened a small store and thus formally began the perma- nent trade in the upper part of the Scioto valley and the commer- cial life of the present city of Colundjus. How Franklinton grew, became during the last war with Eng- land the most important military ]iost in the West and then, coincident with the founding of Columbus on the much-talked-of ''high bluffs" opjjosite began its decline, finally losing its identity us a town, is left for subsequent chapters. Suffice it here simply to outline briefly the circumstances of its founding and to add that Franklinton existed as a locality, though never as a numici- pality, for nearly three-quarters of a century. Kilbourn's Gazetteer for 1821 says it was not Nourishing because of the proximity of Columbus. The 1829 edition of the same work says that Franklinton then contained about 40 houses, one store and a large tlnuriiig mill while, adjoining it on the east, was a large prairie of -100 acres of exuberant fertility. Franklinton con- tinued to exist, growing with and because of the. growth of Columbus. In 1870, at the time of the annexation to the city of tlie district west of the river, the original territory of Franklinton had a considerable population and between it and the rivel* an- other hamlet or suburb, long called Middletowu, had grown up. The great growth of that section of the city, however, has been since annexation, the population now aggregating about 12,000 Franklinton, as such, is departed, but the memory of its pioneers who struggled bravely on amid the hardships of a forest settle- ment is cherished as one of the glories of Columbus. CHAPTER 11. ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF THE CENTENNIAL IDEA. Though th^re had been several i)rior suggestions of a celebra- tion of the centennial anniversary of the founding of Franklin- ton, the first actual movement to that end was made at a meeting of the Father Matliew Total Abstinence Society of the West Side, held early in June, 1896. At that meeting the attention of the society was called to the approach of the century mark, and a motion was made that the society celebrate the event. The min- utes of the society do not show any action. The matter was discussed at subsequent meetings, and for almost a year nothing definite was decided upon, until finally Father D. A. Clarke, of the Holy Family Church, decided upon calling a meeting of West Side citizens to consider the project and, if it were deemed advis- able, to take apporpriate action. Thus on May 17, 1897, the fol- lowing bearing the signatures of Father Clarke and other promi- nent residents of that part of C^olumbus which is within the old boundaries of Franklinton was issued : Dear Sir : The one hundredth anniversary of the foundation of Franklinton occurs in August of this year. It is very proper that the occasion should be commemorated in a becoming man- ner. The completion of a century of wonderful growth and de- velopment of the original portion of the capital city, the strug- gles of the pioneers, and, above all, our patriotic instincts, should prompt us to arrange a celebration that would become a subject of historical interest in Columbus. We, residents of the West Side, and descendants of the early settlers, are expected to take the lead in this matter and not await the action of the citizens of other portions of the city. With this object in view a meeting of delegates of the various organizations connected with the Holy Family Church was held recently at the call of the Father Mathew Total Abstinence Society, and it 9 was nnaiiiiiioiislv decided to call a public meeting of the profes- gioiial and business men and residents in general of the West Side, in the market hall, to arrange for the celebration. We therefore extend a cordial invitation to you and other inter- ested citizens of th{> West Side, to a mass meeting to be held at the above named place on Monday evening, May 24, 1897. The time is short, and if we are to have a celebration the com- mittees should begin work innnediately. Do not fail to be pres- ent. RespectfuHy, J). A. Clarke, P. J. Finneran, T. C. Lawlei;, T. F. AYalsli, J. Atkinson, A. Murphy, J. ]\raher, E. Jioland, J. J. Burke, J. Downey, A. N. Riff, J. Ilannan. Tlie call resulted in an enthusiastic meeting. Father Clarke called the meeting to order and briefly stated the object of the gathering. ]\lr. Jonas Wilcox was chosen Permanent (Chairman and Mr. Carlos Trevitt, Secretary. The tenor of the discussion was favorable, all the speakers urging the necessity of making the celeln-atiou, not sectional, but of the whole city. The out- come of the meeting was the appointment of a committee to lay the project before the Business IMen's League, the Board of Trade, the Mayor, the City Council, the Board of Public Works and the State officials and to enlist their co-operation in the pro- jiosed celebration. That committee consisted of the following: Mr. Daniel McAllister, Bev. D. A. Clarke, Dr. F. J. Collison, Christopher Boss, Randall Baker, Dennis J. Clahane and Jonas Wilcox. Then the meeting adjourned to meet at the call of the Chairman. The first meeting of any importance hekl at the call of Chair- man Wilcox was on the evening of -Tune 15, when about 20 citi- zens of the West Side gathered at the market hall and discussed the proposed celebration. Among those present were Father Clarke, 1). J. Clahane, Chris Ross and IT. M. ^NfcLarren. Upon the suggestion of Father Clarke, a conunittee of 100, one for each year, was ai)])ointed, with the understanding that, to facilitate the work, the conunittee of 100 would be divided into sub-com- mittees. T'he committee as sub-di\ide(l consisted of the follow- ing: T]xecutive Conmiittee — D. J. Clahane, Chairman; S. J, 10 Swartz, Secretary; D. A. MeAlister, C. Ross, L. H. Cott, B. B. IS^aylor, Dr, Lippett, Rev. D. A. Clarke, Rev. W. L. Lemon, Rev. P. M. Leslie, Rev. A^. C. Helfricli, W. C. Ciissins, \V. H. Van Sickle, Jonas Wilcox and H. M. McLarren. Finance — D. J. C'laliane, L. H. Cott, Chris Ross, W. C. Cus- sins, Jonas Wilcox, Samnel Borger and H. T. Linke. (J rounds. Buildings and Lights — Dr. B. F. Lippett, Dr. A. B. Richardson, Perrv Pearee, Charles Cussins, John Andrix and John Plaistcd. Music — H. M. McLarren, W. S. Tussing, L. F. Ritter, Thomas Flemming, Dr. R. G. Warner, P. J. Finneran and Dr. Steward. Privileges— (\ Ross, Dr. F. J. CoUison, M. J. [N'olan, Edward Heinrich and Ifarrv Michaels. Transportation — L. H. Cott, Edward E. Learch, J. IST. Ben- nett, Thomas Ross and J. ^. Alltop. Printing and Advertising — R. L. Baker, Charles Kipp, Dr. J. A. Park, Fred Lapp, Jesse Rowe and P. Shapter. Decorations — W. C. Cussins, Mark Elleman, B. B. j^aylor, Carlos Trevitt and John Atkinson. Hotels and Entertainment — Thomas E. Wright, Eldon F. Smith, Dr. J. B. Beerv, W. Edmiston and C. F. Lentz. Program— Rev. D. A. Clarke, Rev. N. C. Helfrich, John Short, Dr. H. AVhitehead, Will Smith and Edward Iveenan. Historical Relies — D. A. McAlister, Jonas Wilcox, Richard St.. Clair, Robert Rider, W. T. Malloy, Nicholas Schwartz and Henry Linaman. Invitation — Dr. F. A. Rukenhrod, Frank I. Brown, Dr. J. D. Smith, T. C. Lawler, George Rice, Rev. T. M. Leslie and Rev. W. L. Lemon. Fireworks — B. B. Xaylor, ]S^. Swartz, Patrick Lyons, John D. Evans, James Davy and D. B. Ong. The effort to enlist the aid of city officials and business bodies was successful. Daniel McAlister reported that he had laid the matter before President Gilbert H. Stewart, of the Board of Trade, and that the latter had promised to appoint a committee of the board to assist in the preparations. Christopher Ross re- ported that Mayor Samuel L. Black, the Board of Public Works and the City Council were all favorably disposed and that the 11 last-iiiinicd Itody li;i(l ailoptcil a resolution autlioviziiiii- the Mayor to aj)j)oiiit a special cominittee of citizens to co-operate. Afr. Koss also reported that he had called upon Dr. A. .B. liichardson, Superintendent of the State Hospital, and had received assurances from that official that the iii'ounds west of the hospital could be secured as a site for the celebration. Mr. Ross also stated that he had received enconragenient from nearly everyone with whom he had spoken in rciiard to tlu^ matter, and felt hopefid that a suc- cessful celebration could be arranged. The next im])ortant meeting was held in the rooms of the Board of Ti-ade. 'riiei'e wei'c present members of that body and of the Ihisiness Glen's League, the general citizens' committee wlii(di had been appointed by flavor Black and representatives of the committee of one hundred. This joint committee organized l)v electing D. J. Clahane, (^hairman, and Judge Samuel Swartz, Secretary. The executive^ committee was constituted as follows: I). .1. Clahane and Christopher Ross, of the West Side commit- tee; (leorge W. Bright, Business Men's League; F. W. Hubbard, Board of Trade, and John G. Deshler, Mayor's committee. Sub- commit^tees were ci'eateil and (diairmen ^^'ere selected for them as follows- Reception. E. O. Randall; Finance, R. M. Rownd; Historic R(dics, Daniel ^EcAlister; Program and Speakers, Judg" Cil'iert II. Stewart; Music, Judge Tod B. (lalloway; Dec- orations, Colonel George D. Freeman; Parade, Colonel .V. G. Patton; Amusements, Ex-lMayor George J. Karb; Advertising aiid J^rinting, William G. Benham; Invitations, Colonel J. L. Rodgers; (jrounds and Buildings, Dr. A. B. Richardson; Privi- leges, Christopher Ross; Hotels and Entertainment, Ralph Rick- ly; Fireworks, George Schoedinger; Transjiortation, Thomas E. Knauss. Tlie full conunittees, as-Hnally constitute(l, were as follows: On Reception — Hon. K .(). Randall, Chairman; Daniel J. Ptyan, ^\Iajor Starling Sullivant, Harvey Bancroft, Judge James Anderson, A. D. Rodgers, Robert S. Xeil, X. B. Abbott, William Felton, Henry C. Taylor. T. H. Ricketts, I. B. Potts, E. X. Hug- gins, Frank Hayden, O. A. Miller, Jerry P. Bliss, H. S. Bronson, John J. I^ngh, Fred Lazarus, J. L. Trauger, F. C. Hubbard, Rev. James Poindexter, A. 7L Smythe, George T. Spahr, R. Gilbert 12 AVanirr, S. X. Cook, D. K. Watson, Rev. W. E. Moore, Rollin F. Crider, Dr. B. F. Lippitt, J. X. Bennett, Urban H. Hester, John W. Sliapter, George Evans, Elden Sniitli, L. H. Cott, Dr. W. Edniiston and Rev. D. A. Clarke. On I'iiiai'.cp — Jl. M. Rownd, Chairman; D. J. Clahane, Samuel Borger, L. .11. Cott, II. F. Linke, Christo])her Ross, W. C. Cus- sins, Jonas Wilcox, George W. Bright, J. F. Oglevee, George AV. Sinks, L. D. Hagerty, N. B. Abbott and Fred Cronghton. On Historic Relics — Daniel McAlister, Chairman; Appleton J. Ide, S:arling Snllivant, Colonel James Ivilbonrne, R. M. Rev va]. J. Linn Rodgers, P. H. Bruck, Moses H. Xeil, Allen W. Fhi.i'iiiini, Colonel E. L. Taylor, H. T. Chittenden, Gns S. Par- son, Ilnrvtv Bancroft, W. H. Restieux, John S. Abbott, John Joyce, s]-., Dr. Starling Loving, Alfred Kelly, Dr. J. B. Schnel- ler, E. O. Randall, Michael Halm, Adam Stevens, Colonel S. X. Field, John J. Ucinhard, L. F. Fieser, O. C. Hooper, J. K. McDomdd, \y. V). Prickell, John A. Knster, Ed Hennick, J. K. Jones, A. X. A\Mjiting, Edward Otstot, S. G. McCliire, DeWitt C. Jones, Leo Flirsch, J. B. K. Connelly, Richard Sinclair, Jonas Wilccx, Robert l^ider. ^V. T. Malloy, Nicholas Schwartz, Henry C. Lanman, Hil. C McAlister, James Poindexter, John ]\I. Pugh, H. T. Benham, R. J. Bancroft and Warren K. l\[oreliead. On Program and Sjieakers — Jndge Gilbert H. Stewart, Chair- man; Dr. H. AVb.ilcliead, Secretary; Rev. D. A. Clarke, William B. Smith, Edward C. Kecnan, L. P. Stephens, Marcus C. Dickey, Henry F. Barlow, Javed P. Bliss, Oliver H. Perry, C. X. Helfrick and Jolm Sluirt. On 3[usic — Judge Tod B. Galloway, Chairman; W. H. Lott, O. E. D. Barron, Theodore H. Schneider, Mrs. Ella May Smith, Edward Lerch, Phili]i H. Bruck, John Bayer, Mrs. J. A. Sha'wan, Fred Neddermeyer, Albert Corrodi, ]\Iiss Anna ]M. Osgood, George Freewald, Mrs. Amor Sharp, Theodore Wolfram, Mrs. Belle M. Miles, John F. Ransom, H. M. Mcl^rren, W. S. Fus- sing, Lou. F. Ritter, Thomas Fleming, Dr. G. R. Warner, P. J. Finnercn and Dr. Stewai-t. On Decorations — George D. Freeman, Chairman; Gus Krag, .Ma)-K Elleman, Joseph Weil, B. B. Xaylor, S. X. Cook, John Arkinson, James Elliott, J. H. Moler, D. H. Baker, S. A. Kin- 13 jic.ir. F. A. Sells, Kimciic Cilock, II. Sehreincr, Carlos E. Trevitt, l!d JS'. Ackcniiiin. John Kspcr, jleiirv Sicbert, Joseph Vonarx, Otto II. Arinl>nister, Frank JIall, W. CJ. Bowhmd, James Batter- •r, Henry Olidiansen, jr., Lou Lepps and Dr. W. W. Homes. On Advertising and Printing — W. G. Benham, Chairman; Fred 11. Tibbets, Secretary; Charles F. Kipp, George Dun, Dr. J. A. Park. S. :\L Lew, R. L. Baker, H. T. Benham, Pearley Shap- ter, -'1. H. Il< tlman, C. F. Fi?her, E. P. Gerhold, Jesse Rowe, Henry R;'inhard.and Alex. McKenna. On Invitations — Colonel J. L. Rogers, Chairman; John G. Deshh r, D. J. Clahane, G. H. Stewart, Tod B. Galloway and R. ^I. [u wild. On (iroiinds and Buildings — Dr. A. B. Richardson, Chair- man; Christopher Ross, Vice Chairman; Dr. B. F. Lippett, Perry Pearce, Charles Cussins, John Plaisted, Eldon F. Smith, M. G. Griffith, John Andi'ix and Louis Evans. On 1*1 ihveges— Christopher Ross, Chairman; H. M. McLaren, Oliver M. Evans, Thomas Murnane, John Trott, Dr. F. J. Colli- son, Harry B. Michaelis, Edward Heinrich, Thomas Xolan, Clias. E. Grant and (Tias. F. Kij)p. On Hotels and Entertainment — Ralph Richly, Chairman; Thomas E. Wright, Eldon F. Smith, Dr. J. E. Beery, Dr. W. E. Edmiston, C. F. Lentz, C. S. Amniel, William Maize, W. E. Joseph and C. W. Sharp. On Fireworks — George Schoedinger, Chairman; Dr. T. K. Wissinger, John Chapin, Frank Schille, D. L. Sleeper, R. E. Jones, Veit K:oemer, Z. L. White, J. E. Elliott, B. B. Xaylor, 14 Nick Schwartz, Patrick Lyons, John 1). Evans, James Davy and D. B. Ong. On Transportation — T. E. Knauss, Chairman; AV. II. Fisher of the Hocking A^illey; J. M. Harris, of the Pan Handle; A. L. Hillearv, of the Big Fonr; Dan. S. Wilder, of the Baltimore and Ohio; Allen Hnll, of the Xorfolk and Western; John T. Gamble, of the Toledo and Ohio Central; W. W. Daniel, of the Columbus, Sandusky and Hocking; L. H. Cott, E. F. Learch, Thomas Koss, J. X. Bennett and J.N. Alltop.. The hrst dates proposed for the centennial were August 24, 25 and 26. It was desired to celebrate in the anniversary month and also at such a time that the presence of the school children could be secured. There was also a desire that ex-President Ben- jamin Harrison should attend and deliver an address. To that end a committee was appointed, but it was found, on communicat- ing with him, that it would be im])Ossible for him to participate in the celebration. At subsequent meetings of the committee it was decided to have a historical parade, an Indian sham battle and tableaux illustrative of the perils and hardships of the pioneers. The ])rinting and distribution of 50,000 copies of a souvenir program was authorized. The selection of a site for the celebration was long delayed, but was finally decided in favor of the natural amphitheatre to the west of the hospital for the insane. The Highland avenue school building was selected as a rejiository for the historical relics and the dates of the celebrAti^i were, owing to inability sooner to complete arrangements, chau^i^-^ September 14, 15 and 16. -r^^ One of the first things decided upon by the committee on print- ing and advertising was to extend an invitation to everybody in { 'entral Ohio to take part in the celebration and "to be with and for us.'' I'his invitation included 36 counties containing a popu- lation of ni()r(> than a million, and about 250 newspaper towns and cities. Then it was decided to make the editor of every newspaper published in the 36 counties a member of the commit- tee and Chairman Benham undertook to carry out the wishes of the committee. The undertakins: was a big one, as the names of all the editors, together with the papers they represent, had first to be secured. When this had been accomplished, Mr. Ben- ' SHADY LANE." ENTRANCE TO THE I.UCA8 SULLIVANT HOMESTEAD. 15 ham foiiiul liimself in possession of about 400 names. In all probability so large a press committee as this was never before appointed in this or any other conntry on any occasion. The next thin_<2,- in oriU-r was to write to each of the editors a let- ter descriptive of the proposed celebration in order to interest all of them in the work. Chairman Benham drafted the letter and the committee a})proved the work. Then Mr. Beidiam inter- ested Professor AV. II. Ilartsongh, proprietor of Hartsough's Bus- iness College, in the w^ork and that gentleman kindly volunteered the services of a number of his bright young lady pupils to make iy I )(' written copies of the letter and address the envelopes. Six of the young ladies gladly consented to conrrilmte their share to- Avard making the centennial celebration a success. The young ladies were the Misses Carrie Thrall, N^ellie Miller, Daisy Arm- strong, Grace Doyle, Eose Welper and Ella Ferrel. Under the rules of the college no carbon copies could be made. Each letter had to be typewritten separately and the girls soon found they had undertaken a big job, but they kept at it patiently until the task was tinishod. Following is a copy of the letter: Dear Sir: On next September 14, 15 and 16, the City of Co- hnnbus will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of Franklinton, from Avhich beginning the present city of Colum- bus has grown. The arrangements foi' this centennial are in cliargc of committees composed of about three hundred promi- nent business and professional men, who have arranged for one of the greatest demonstrations that has ever taken place in the liistorv of ('olumbus. It will last three days and will have in- iiinnerable amusement features, parades, sham battle, games, tableaux, etc., as well as the exhibition of many historical relics. This centennial celebration wdll be one of the most interesting events in the history of Columbus, and it is our desire to have friends from towns adjoining Columbus enjoy it with us. We have arranged to look after all visitors who may come here, so that we may be sure they will have a good time. We would like to have you come to Columbus during the centennial, and want you to be the guest of our newspaper committee. AVe will have headquarters and furnish you with a badge upon arrival in the city, which will give you the freedom of cA-erything pertaining to the centennial. 16 Would von kindly let ns licar from you, as to whether you can he with us, and if so on what dates. We send you by this mail copies of daily papers which will give you a better idea of the extent of the enterprise. AV. G. BENHAM, Chairman. FRKl) II. TIJ31M^7n\S, Secretary. The following is a complete list of the members of the big press connnittee, together with the papers they represent and the towns and cities in which they reside: ('. K. Peoples, Democrat; S. F. Smith, Leader; Union Print- ing Co., Tribune-Telegraph, all of Pomeroy, O.; Union Printing- Co., Republican Herald, Middleport; De Long and Dozier, X Rays, Crooksville; P. M. Cullinan, Herald and Tribune Co., New Lexington; John C. Fleming, People's Advocate and W. H. Shriver, Journal, Shawnee; AV. J. Mortal, Press, Somerset; D. IST. Belt, Herald and JSTews, Thorn ville; John A. Jones, Courier AVatchman, and AA". A. McKenzie, ISI^ews, Waverly; Homer Thrall, Times, Carey; AVilcox and Holmes, Entei*prise, Nevada; Charley Griffith, Leader, Sycamore; H. A. Tracht, Chief, R. D. Dunim A: Son, Union and Pietra Cunes, Republican, Upper San- dusky; F. P. Faust, Times, New Carlisle; Harrold &: Flynn, Sen- tinel, South Charleston; S. M. McMillen, Democrat, T. E. Har- wood (fc- Son, Gazette, Sun Publishing Co., Morning Sun, Hos- terman Publishing Co., Republican and Times, L. AVeisenbaum, Journal Und Adler, Herald Publishing Co., Herald and D. T. AVest, Sunday News, Springfield ; T. A. Price, Messenger, Belle- ville; T. S. Barr and T. Ed Price, Enterprise, Butler; Cappeller & Co., News, O. C. Riddle, Shield, L. S. Kuebler, Courier, George W. Cnpp, Farm Journal, Mansfield; T. F. Beelman, Advertiser, Plymouth; H. L. Sheets, Republican, and T. G. Hill, Times, Shelby; W^olfersberger & Page, Review, Sliiloh; A, E. Little, Sentinel, Bradford; B. & W. F. Cantwell, Gazette, Covington; T. AV. Morris, Call, D. M. Fleming, Dispatch, Henry Kampf, Leader, August Bartel, Die Miami Post, and Gilbert Flowell, Buckeye AVorkman, Piqua; C. R. Ivemble, Echo, Pleasant Hill; Harry Horton, Herald, Tippecanoe City; Miller & AVilliams, Mail, C. F. Goodrich, Trojan, E. S. Williams, Buckeye and Bar- ron c^'^ Co., Democrat, Troy; T. M. Sulliger, Record, West Mil- 17 ton; Tunis Print Co., Times, and (\ B. White, Dennisonian, Granville; W. A. Ashbrook, Independent, Johnstown; T. H. Newton, Advocate, E. M. P. Brister, Sim, T. M. Ickes, Tribune, and S. W. Merchant, Ohio Observer, ^Newark; W. S. Xeedham, Standard, Pataskala; II. E. Harris, Herald, Utica; A. D. Kowe, Times, Ashley; D. S. Eisher, Democrat-Herald, and II. C. and R. C. Thomson, Grazette, Delaware; W. H. Baker, "Magnet, Ostrander; M. D. Cring, News Item, Sunbury; John II. Racer, Moon, Bellbrook; D. C. Woolpert, Herald, Cedarville; W. S. Galvin, Comet, Jamestown; (ieorge C. Boston, Local, Osborn; J. P. Chew, Gazette, L. II. Whiteman, Herald and Marshall & Beveridge, Republican, Xenia; E. D, Osborne, Blade, Spring Yalley; D. A. Long, Review, Yellow Springs; H. G. AVhite, Re- ])ul)lican, and H. L. Goll, Sentinel, Millcrsl)urg; S. Lemon, Her- ald, Bo'lle Centre; E. O. and II. K. Hubbard, Examiner, Index Printing Co., Index, J. Q. A. Cam])bell, Republican, Bellefon- taine; J. C. Sullivan, Buckeye and S. P. Pond, Journal, De Graff; O. L. AVilson, News, Huntsville; E. Sullivan, Gazette, and R, W. Rubart, Herald, Quiney; Don C. Bailey, Banner, West Liberty; Charles Stultz, Enterprise, West Mansfield; J. M. Allen, Gazette, (\ V. Harris, Journal, and Fred W. Bush, Mes- senger and Herald, Athens; T. Erven VV\dls, Buckeye News, and J. A. Tullis, Yalley Register, Nelsonville ; O. E. Shaw, Item, and C. C. Slater, News, Mechanicsburg; J. C. Mount, Reporter, North Lewisburg; John B. Norman, Era Dispatch, and G. P. Shidler, News, St. Paris; Mrs. F. M. Gaumer, Democrat, and H. R. Snyder, Citizen and Gazette, ITrbana; C. B. McCoy, Age, J. C. Fisher, Democrat, W. H. McCabe, Democrat Standard, Co- shocton; L. M. Crom, Cli])pcr, Warsaw; A. C. Bell, Star, Blan- chester; Mrs. H. N. ]\IeLitire, Reporter, New Yieima; James Gaskins, News Record and J. IT. Barnes, Tribune, Sabina; J. S. Hummel, Democrat, C. N. Browning, Republican and W. G. & C. R. Fisher, Journal, Wilmington; D. E. Schriner, Yalley Record, Laurelville; Lewis Green, Hocking Sentinel, F. M. Mc- Kay, Journal Gazette and T. M. Floyd, Ohio Democrat, Logan; E, E, Ereundfelter, Enterprise, and T. P. Stiltz, Pickaway Coun- ty News, Ashville; W. C. Dai-st, Herald, W. R. Duvall, Union- Herald, and A. R. Yan Cleaf, Democrat and Watchman, Circle- 2 18 ville; T. P. Van Vickie, Leader, Kew Holland; Tom H. Tylton, Kews, Williamsport; T. H. King', Enterprise, Caledonia; W. M. Tracy, News, Larue; G. L. Podgett, Mirror, W. C. Harding, Star, George E. Kelly, Transcript, George Crawford, Independent, Will F. Blair, Advertiser, Richard Horn, Deutsche Presse, and IST. E. Thatcher, Dollar Democrat, Marion; The Monitor Co., Monitor, Prospect; C. P. Rhodes, Journal, and F. A. Hockett, Progress, Coalton; T. K. McKlund, Herald, William & Gerken, Standard- Journal, Tom Moore, Sun, Jackson; F. A. Hockett, Sentinel, and E. C. Hull, Telegram, Wellston; C. R. F. Berry, Tri-County N'ews, Brinkhaven; Lloyd M. Bell, Gazette, Centerburg; Fred W. Hart, Knox County Herald, Dan- ville; E. B. Lewis, Free Press, Fredericktown ; Stu- dents of College, Kenyon Collegian, Gambler; ISTews-Printing Co., ISTews, Rymble Publishing Co., Republican, Frank Harper, Democratic Banner, Mt. Vernon; James M. Rusk, Herald, Tannehill Bros., Morgan County Democrat, McConnellsville; Chas. E. Hard, Blade, J. L. Patterson, Times, T. E. Valjean, Tribune, Carl Huber, German Correspondent, Leslie M. Mann, Press, J. L. Patterson, Valley Sentinel, Portsmouth; Agnew Record, Parlette Snyder, University Herald, Ada ; E. S. Arnold, Standard, Dunkirk; T. A. Waltz, Review, Forrest; W. M. Beck- man, New^s-Republican, L. Schluenback, Wochenblatt, Dan Flanagan, Democrat, Kenton; Eslie Pennock, Observer, Mt. Vic- tory; T. F. Egan, Border IS'ews, Adelphia; Joe Murphy, Ob- server, Bainbridge; George H. Tyler, Gazette, John R. Putnam, News, George F." Hunter, Advertiser, Chillicothe; Painter & Cross, Sun, Frankfort; Jack & Son, Blade, Kingston; B. F. Gay- man, Times, Canal Winchester; W. D. Brickell, Dispatch, D. C. Jones, Press, S. G. McClure, Ohio State Journal, L. Hirsch, Ex- press, J. A. Kuster, Catholic Columbian, F. Rubrecht, Demo- cratic Call, D. C. Evans, Franklin County Herald, J. B. K. Con- nelly, Sunday News, Columbus; H. H. Turner, Advance, Milo; Scott & Keller, Public Opinion, Westerville; James O. Amos, News and Shelby County Democrat, C. F. Clements, Shelby County Anzeiger, J. L. Dickensheets, Gazette, William Binkley, Journal, Sidney; J. H. Shearer, Tribune, A. J. Hare, Union County Journal, Marysville; Charles F. Monroe, Ohioan, Milford 19 Center; George W. Wordcn, Gazette, S. W. Van AVinkle, Ke- view, Kieliwood; John A. liopley, Telegraph and Journal, Hol- bi'ook cVr McXiitt, Forum, A. J. Ilazlett, Crawford County jSTews, A. Jirocniel, Courier, Bueyrus; A. G. Sprankle, Advocate, Galen Oderkirk, American, Mrs. M. E. Dickerson, Vidette, Crestline; H. S. Z. Mathias, Inquirer, J. 'W. Cupp, Leader and Sun Review, Galion; J, S. Smith, Herald; JSTew Washington; D. W. Callahan, Citizen, Jeffersonville ; William Millikan, Herald, M. B. Grubbs, Cyclone and Fayette Republican, J. R. Marshall, Ohio State Register, "Washington C. H. ; A. J. Heintzelman, Nickel Plate and Vigilant, George J. Holgate, Enterprise, M. L. Bryan, Madi- son County Democrat, E. 1^. Gunsaulus, Times, London; Wil- liams & Bawnocker, Tribune, Mt. Sterling; W. A. Browne, jr.. Advocate, C. W. Horn, Dealer, Plain City; P. C. Fullmer, Home Xews, West Jefferson ; H. J. Cameron, Hamden Enterprise, Ham- den Junction; F. P. Magee, Democrat Enquirer, Vinton County Republican, Vinton County Record, McArthur; J. W. Chapman, Journal, William G. Sibley, Tribune, John L. Vance, Bulletin, Gallipolis; E. E. Xeal, Morrow^ County Independent, Cardington; J. AV. and H. S. Griffith, IVforrow County Sentinel, W. G. Beebe, Union Register, Mt. Gilead; E. C. Jordan, Register, Adamsville; William Miller, Transcript, Dresden; Melvin Wright, Advertiser, Frayersburg; X. A. Geyer, Enterprise, 'New Concord; G. W. Gibson, Independent; H. C. Williamson, Review, Roseville; Charles A. Reynolds, Courier, Press, D. H. Gaumer, Signal, Times-Recorder, II. C. Mueller, Post, Zanesville; E. O. Weist, Twin City Xews, Baltimore; Frank Wehr, Banner, Bremen; Thomas Wetzler, Eagle, S. A. Griswold, Gazette, Democrat, A. R. Eversole, Fairfield County Republican, Lancaster; F. B. Crumley, Lithopolitan, Lithopolis; H. O. Hardin, Pickaway Xews, Streetsville. Many of the editors personally answered the invitation and all of them gave of their space to commend the enterprise and bring it to the favorable attention of the people. Later, many of them graced the centennial by their presence. Daniel McAlister and his committee on historic relics early found that the task before them w^as a most difficult one. But happily at the outset the services of Professor Warren Iv. Moore- head were secured as secretary. There was no lack of interest- 20 ing relics, but there was mvicli labor in gathering, arranging and j)reserving them from damage and loss. Judge Gralloway and his mnsic committee undertook to pro- vide a great chorus of school children, but owing to the fact that the schools were not in session it was found impossible to get the children together for the necessary rehearsals. A large mixed chorus of adults was, however, recruited from the several singing societies. A centennial hymn having been suggested, Mr. Os- man C. Hooper was invited to write the words and Mrs. Ella May Smith was invited to write the music. The invitations were ac- cepted, the hymn was written and sung with success on the third dav of the centennial. DEARDOFF RESIDENCE, 605 W. BROAD. — ERECTED ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO. The committee on amusements, headed by ex-Mayor George J. Karb, provided for a fine series of sports on land and in the water, a company of acrobats and entertainers, including Mr. Richard Ow^en, being engaged for that purpose. The historical tableaux were given into the charge of Colonel S. N. Cook, who, in the execution was assisted by the locab tribes of Red Men. The committee on grounds and buildings. Dr. A. B. Richard- son, chairman, had much to do. A track was constructed for the races, a stand for the speakers, a covered platform for the presenta- 21 tioii of the tiil)l(';mx, u Mc.ck house for tlio sham battle with Indians, and the old stable used by AVilliam Kenry Harrison while he had his army headquarters in Franklinton was removed to the gi'ounds. Besides, there was much to be done to the groimds to fit them for the use of the great throng. Colonel Freeman's committee on decoration was busy for weeks planning and executing to delight the eye, and that it was to good effect was the burden of universal comment. Colonel Patton brought to the work of organizing the parade a valuable experience. Invitations were extended to civic, mili- tar}' and industrial organizations, Colonel M. H. N^eil being chosen marshal of the first group, Colonel J. S. Poland of the second and Colonel A. B. Coit of the tliird. PART OF Or,D CAMP CHASE BARRACKS. The industry that is thus attributed to several of the commit- tees may with ('(pial justice be attributed to all. The work con- tinued up to the last moment for, as the plans went forward, the project developed and it came to be realized that, in undertaking to celebrate this centennial of Franklinton, Columbus had as- sumed a really gigantic task, and it was the desire and the resolve of all to make the centennial a success. At one of the late meet- 22 iiig's of the general committee, Edward Carroll, secretary of the Trades and Labor Assembly, suggested that a proclamation be issued by the mayor urging that shops and factories be closed on the day of the parade in order that the workinamen might par- ticipate. The suggestion was approved and in accordance there- with, the mayor issued the following : Mayor's Office, Columbus, O., Sept. 14, 1897. To the Citizens of Columbus : It is fitting that all the citizens join in the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the founding of Franklinton. It, in fact, marked the beginning of our city. We have prospered in the past beyond the fondest hopes of the illustrious pioneers who founded our city. Out of respect to that Providence which has so wisely guided us in the past, in honor of the memory of those distinguished city fathers, and to gather new inspiration and courage for the future, it is becoming us to lay aside all care and work and devote one day to thanksgiving and pleasure. Therefore, I, as mayor of the city of Columbus, suggest and urge that business be suspended, all business houses and factories be closed Wednesday, September 15, 1897, and that all our citi- zens join in making that day a memorable one in our city's his- tory. Your obedient servant, (Seal.) SAMUEL L. BLACK, Mayor. CHAPTER III. THE FIRST DAY — OFFICIAL PROGRAM. 5 a. m. — Xational salute. 9 a. m. — Escorting the speakers and other distinguished guests to the centennial grounds. 10 a. m, — Platform exercises at centennial grounds. Hon. D. J. Clahane, chairman. Music. Invocation, Rev, E. D. Morris, D. D. Opening address, Hon. D. J. Clahane, chairman execu- tive committee. Response for the state of Ohio, Hon. Asa S. Bushnell, governor. Response for the city of Columbus, Hon. S. L. Black, mayor. Music. Historical address, General John Beatty. Music. 2 p. m. — Aquatic sports, consisting of swimming races, tub races, boat races, tugs of war and scientific swimming by Professor Richard Owens, Roman hippodrome, trick elephant, games and foot races. 8 p. m. — Historic tableaux, aerial acts, flying and balancing, fire works. Saturday night, September 11, found the work of preparation practically complete. The daily newspapers had for weeks teemed with the details of the work and the people, fully advised of what had been doing, only awaited the coming guests. West Broad street, which was the main street of old Franklinton and was now the chief avenue of approach to the grounds where the centennial exercises were to be held, was gay with bunting. The work of decorating, superintended by D. M. Watson and Joel T. Williams, was practically complete. Streamers of red, white and blue had been hung across the street, at intervals of about 200 feet, the entire distance from High street to the State Hos- pital for the insane. Each streamer was of two parts, paralleling 24 each other at a distance of about two feet, stars and other designs being worked into the intervening space and the whole sur- mounted by small flags. There were special decorations at Franklin square, from Sandusky to Gift streets, and all the oldest buildings were in gala attire. The fire engine houses had been artistically decorated by the firemen, who entered heartily into the spirit of the celebration, and there was scarcely a building or private residence that was not made in some degree to take on a livelier appearance. What was true of Broad street was true also of many of the side streets, for the interest and enthusiasm were shared by all. Passing through and under this sea of jubihmt bunting, one ascended the hospital hill. There on the right was the hospital and a little further along on the left the Highland Avenue school building, in which had been collected the historical relics. Still further on, to the right was the entrance to the centennial arrounds. The pathway north led through fields and down a gentle de- clivity, past the spring which had for untold years poured forth its cool waters for all wlio would drink, and to the western edge of the natural amphitheatre. To the north and south rose sharp ridges, cool with virgin forest trees. A level plateau, dotted on the sides with umbrageous trees, stretched away toward the east, intersected here and tliere with the sinuous windings of a natural brook. At the eastern end were the placid waters of tlie lake that forms such a cool and pleasant feature of the state grounds, while in the center of the plateau, forming a natural, shady am- phitheatre of unparalleled beauty, was a single hill. Up on the sides of this natural knob seats fell gracefully to the bed of the stream belo^^' and to the speakers' stand, a mass of bunting and potted plants. To the north seats again rose tomeet the summit of the hill above. Over all, the giant trees, some of which had shel- tered the red man weary from miles on the chase, stretched their leafy branches out until they almost met in a leafy canopy. The seats on the south were for the singers — those to the north for listeners. West of the stand were the newspaper headquarters tents, back of which the brook wound in graceful curve, now showing snow white against the green of the hillside, and then bending to the 25 south past the William Henry Ilarrisou stable — a relic of by-gone days. In front of the cabin stretched the bicycle track, hard rolled and in excellent condition. At one end of the track and inside was the blo<'khonse, about which a band of bloodthirsty and painted Indians were to howl shortly. The theater and stand w^ere on the south side of the track. To the west still further were the tents of those having privi- leges of lemonade, cooling drinks and games of skill. Over the north ridge, railroad trains whistled and sped, but only the echo reached the peaceful grounds. In the center of the grounds stood a giant boulder seamed and cracked by the storms and suns of centuries. Brought there by some glacier that perhaps ploughed SITE OF speakers' STAND. out the site for these very grounds, it had withstood the vicissi- tudes of ages. It had seen the virgin forest give back stubbornly to the ax of the pioneer and the puny implements of the Indian; had seen the waters of the Scioto grow small and those of the creek that cuts and circles in a mad maze through the valley shrink to a mere runlet. This rock, in whose shade the red hunter lingered had stood, while the clearing gave way to the hamlet; the hamlet to the village; the village to the city and the city to one immense area of brick and stone. Such the grounds appeared by day. At night another wonder was to be added — the wonder of modem electric lighting. 26 A salute of 45 guns, fired by Comrade Trax, of Newcastle, Pa., ushered in tlie 14tli of September, 1897, and the first day of the IVanklinton centennial. The cannon used was made from the metal of guns captured in the late civil war by the Custer division, of which Mr. Trax was a member. The collection of the battle relics and the making of the gun are said to have covered a period of nineteen years. The weather was extremely warm, but interest wasdeepand the people early began gathering at the grounds. Chairman E. O. Randall's committee on reception was kept busy at the hotels and elsewhere, giving welcome to the city's guests, directing them to the grounds and aiding them to procure entertainment during their stay in the city. About the speakers' stand at 10 o'clock a. m., when the exercises began, about 2000 persons were gath- ered, a number which was continuously increased as the day ad- vanced, till at 3 o'clock the throng was estimated at 6000. Prom- inent among those in attendance at the beautiful natural amphi- theatre were Governor Asa S. Bushnell, General John Beatty, Judge Gilbert H. Stewart, D. J. Clahane, Dr. A. B. Richardson, Assistant Director of Law E. C. Irvine (who took the place of Mayor Black, who was unable to be present on account of illness). Rev. E. R. Morris and « large number of the gray-haired resi- dents of Columbus and Franklin county. The platform and overhanging trees were gaily decked with flags and bunting, and the Eourteenth Regiment band, while the audience gathered, played patriotic airs. Judge Gilbert H. Stewart called the meeting to order and in- troduced Rev. Mr. Morris, a pioneer Presbyterian minister, who invoked the Divine blessing on the centennial. His prayer in part was as follows : "We rejoice in Thee, oh God, our Creator and Father, for Thy friendship and portion forever, and we thank Thee for the ever- lasting revelation, love and grace, and for the rich ministerings of Thy providence. And as we are assembling here in this beautiful grove to commemorate the fidelity and patriotism and labors of those before us, we humbly pray for guidance upon our service. We are thankful, O Lord, for the many things received from Thy hands ; we beg of Thee to assist Thy servant, the governor of this 27 eoininonwoaltli, as he shall address you; assist all Thy servants in these services, and we shall reverently say together, 'Our Father v/ho art in Heaven, hallowed be Thy name. * * * Amen.' " Judge Stewart then made a few introductory remarks, in which Jie announced that after many months of preparation, the time had arrived for the oi)ening of the Franklinton centennial celeba- tion. It is appropriate, he said, that this celebration be opened by an address by one who has labored day and night to bring about the success of the celebration. !Mr. Clahane was then introduced and spoke as follows: D. J. C'LAHANE'S SPEECH. Ladies, Cientlcmen and Fellow Citizens: As chairman of the executive committee, having in charge the Columl)us celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the founding of Franklinton, the duty has been assigned and by me most (dieerfully accepted to extend to you, one and all in behalf of the citizens of Columbus a heartfelt welcome to this, one of the most notable events in the history of this growing city. Columbus is noted far and wide for her hospitality, a spirit transmitted from Lucas Sullivant and his associates and so aptly maintained, for in the present month of September we have thrown open the doors of welcome to four national organizations, besides numerous other minor organizations, namely : The Army of West Virginia, Union Veteran Legion, national conference of mayors, the Army of the Cumberland and last but not least, the present event, the most important in central Ohio. In the life and character of Lucas Sullivant, there is much to interest the older members of society and much the younger gen- \'ration can study with profit. He possessed the' courage of a soldier, the learning of a scholar, the genius of an organizer. T would advise some of the younger men, who contemplate a trip to the Klondike districts in search of gold, or a balloon voyage to locate the north pole, that they sit down and peruse the trials, hardships and dangers encountered by Sullivant and his pioneer band in tlieir efforts to procure a living while founding the city within whose confines we are now standing. 28 The roaming disposition of man is something of a marvel; the spirit of DeSoto, Fremont and Marquette was inborn in Snllivant and his associates. What oonld have been the motives of men to leave the borders of civilization and travel Inindreds of miles by canoes, often over mountains, through swamps and almost im- penetrable forests to seek new lands, new locations ? The answer is to create advance posts of civilization, to form colonies and satis- fy a speculative spirit. Lucas Sullivant was not only a pioneer, the founder of a village, but was also a good business man. The land we stand upon and six thousand acres contiguous to it was owned by Lucas Sullivant, and hundreds of acres within a stone's throw of where we are standing is now in the name of the Sullivant heirs, the direct de- scendants of Lucas Sullivant. These lands were known as Vir- ginia militarv lands, given to Robert Vance, John Stephenson and others, in reward for military services and subsequently acquired by Lucas Sullivant. But the founder of Franklinton made a mistake when he selected that site upon which to erect a village, and possibly a city. And his co-associates, who in 1812 selected the east side of the river for the city of Columbus, committed equally as grave a blunder. The soil around the old site of Franklinton, no doubt, was productive for grain raising, vege- tation, etc., but was totally unfit for settlement on account of its being subject to overflow from the high waters of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers; the confluence of these streams being within a few hundred yards of the settlement. This error they discovered a year later; for in 1Y98, water sub- merged the lowlands, forcing the settlers to retire to a knoll or island along the territory now traversed by Sandusky street. Lucas Sullivant, during this period of high water was no doubt like the Irishman trying to ride a fractious, bucking mule, who, when told by a bystander ''to jump oif," said "How in the divil can I jump off when T can't stay on." No doubt Mr. Sullivant had as nmch trouble to stay on as he would have had to get off. A mistake was made in laying off the lots in Franklinton; the streets were wide enough, but the lots were laid off in blocks four to the square; each lot being 99 feet front by 115 feet running back and abutting a lot of the same dimensions; no alleys were 29 jirovidcd tor, which has oecasioiu'd n(» inconsiderable difficulty up to the i)resent day. The difficulties which Air. SuUivant and his followers had Irom inundation and which retarded the growth of the west side for nearly a century, was overcome in ISSil by the city expending $50,0()() in constructing massive levees along the banks of the Scioto, an improvement which was quickly followed by the phenomenal growth of this section of the city. Lucas Sullivant, if living today, would he an ujj-to-date citizen; he was a versatile man, with wide accomplislnnents. lie was a success as a farmer, surveyor, office-holder, nu^cdumic, moralist STABLE USED BY GEN. HARRISON IN THE WAR OF 1812. and bank president. He was an honest man, living in an honest age. As a contractor he l)uilt the first county jail of Franklin county, for $80; there was no rake-oif in that job. The violators of law were evidently tame offenders; no riots, no militia, no lynching bees. It is fitting that this event should be known as the Columbus celebration of the founding of Franklint(Ui. It is- fitting that all citizens of Columbus should unite in placing this century stone 30 on the highway of our city's history, our city's progress. The chiklren of to-day see around them only magnificent buildings, beautiful streets, evidences of civilization, colossal wealth, but how little the imprint on their tender minds of trials, labors, vicis- situdes of their fore-parents to bring about the fruits of these great things. Lyne Starling, John Kerr, Alex. McLaughlin, James Johnson, the co-associates of Lucas Sullivant, are entitled to much credit for their zeal and sacrifices when in 1812 they formed Columbus proper and secured the permanent location of the great capital of Ohio. . Think of the enterprise of these four men, residents of the old town of Tranklinton, pledging 20 acres of ground, 10 for the capitol square, 10 for the penitentiary and $50,000 as a bonus to locate the capital city of Ohio, and thus founding the city of Columbus. True, land was cheap, but think of raising $50,000 in those days of trade and barter ! Lucas Sullivant Avas an active man those times, organizing and becoming president in February, 1816, of the Bank of Franklin, the first banking institution of Co- lumbus. Is it a wonder that the people of Columbus vie with each other to do justice to the memory of the founder of Frank- linton ! Men who did so much to lift the toddling infant Colum- bus to her feet. But experience has taught us many things, and one of these is, that to properly lay out a city is a science, locations for a village may be totally unfit for a city. Hundreds of cities in the United Spates are paying dearly for the error of their found- ers. Rivers, canals, toll roads, the old highways of travel, being abandoned for the more modern highways, namely steam and electric roads, will in itself suggest formation of cities upon new lines; but there are two well-known principles that the founders of cities and villages should ahvays keep in mind and that is, first, look out for sanitation and second, avoid natural obstructions so as to leave room for growth. Lucas Sullivant made a mistake in locating the village of Franklinton on account of lowlands; his associates made a mistake in selecting the high banks east of the Scioto, first, for sanitarv causes, second, for endless expenses en- tailed and third, for the natural obstruction three miles east, Alum creek. Later on factories were located along the banks 31 of tlie Scioto, sewers were emptied into tlie stream every few squares apart from Nortli Columbus to the south corporation line. Dams were constructed in the Scioto, which obstructed the flow in dry seasons, with what results^ The smoke, steam and dirt from factories are wafted over the city by western winds; the fogs and miasmas from the lowlands west follow. The stench from sewers from a congested, polluted stream does likewise. At the present time the city proper gets the benefit of factory smoke and the vapors of a polluted river, and the south side the aroma from sewage and soap factories and decayed vegetation. The growth of the east side will be soon hampered by Alum creek, possibly in time another polluted stream. The east and west sides of Alum creek, like the east and west sides of the Scioto, might be connected by bridges for a half million dollars if the taxpayers can stand it. Where would I locate the city of Columbus? Lyne Starling and his associates, instead of going east of the river for a city's loca- tion, should have gone west to the high ground known as Sulli- vant's hill, starting the city on the bluff we are standing on, and by building north and west would have secured an ideal spot. By looking at a map of Franklin county, it will be seen that the Scioto river, a short distance from, and nearly on a line with these cen- tennial grounds, turns abruptly to the north, veers slightly to the west and maintains that course for miles. The first natural ob- struction west is the Big Darby creek, a stream the size of Alum creek, near the town of West Jefferson, fourteen miles away. A city fourteen miles wide and twenty miles long could have been constructed on this high plain. Factories could have been located along the river frontage and bottoms where West Colum- bus proper stands, all east of the city. Sewage could be emptied into the river by the old quarries or any other place south of that point, and the flow of the stream would be away from the city. The western and southwestern winds would carry the smoke and stench over the corn and wheat fields where the state house and Columbus of today stands. A sewage farm could be selected on the lowlands south and east of my city; for a water supply we would be right in it, A pumping station placed north of Dublin would rive us good, clear water coming down through the pipes by 32 gmvitation, and not as now forced through miles of pipes, in some instances 100 feet high. The expenses of the proposed conduit of 6000 feet woukl thus be obviated. Now look at the elevation. At the end of West Broad street jDavement, where it intersects Hague avenue, is 33 feet higher than is the street grade at the corner of High and Broad streets, 53 feet higher than at the corn- er of High and (/'hestnut, 37 feet above High and Fifth avenue, 22 feet above High and Mound, 43 feet above High and Fifteenth avenue, about the same elevation as at High and Knickerbocker avenue (Xorth Columbus) and at Broad and Wilson avenues, both points being summits. Broad street from Hague avenue west for six miles, will show an increased elevation of fully 50 feet. The historian of the future, in commenting on the great growth of Columbus in the northwest, will pay a tribute to man's perspicuity and nature's art. Now the people of Columbus who were born here, those identi- fied with her growing interests, those who expect to make this the home of their final rest, can have only the tenderest feelings of love and respect for the men and women, the pioneers of earlier life who did so much to give to Columbus her advantage of central jiower, her robust character and made her the citadel of commerce, learning, law and art. These were a hardy, generous and im- pulsive people, living in a wild and tunuiltuous period; they had more use for courage than for poetry, for perseverance than for theories, for patriotism than for selfishness. They taught us to remember well the simple fact that Honor and shame from no conditions rise ; Act well your part, there all the honor lies. GOVERNOE BUSHNELL'S SPEECH. After Mr. Clahane had finished his address he assumed the duties of chairman of the day and introduced Governor Bushnell as the next speaker. The governor was received with liberal ap- plause. He spoke as follows : Mr. Chairman, Friends and Fellow-Citizens of Ohio: The duty of responding on behalf of the State of Ohio is ever a pleasant one to me, but upon such an occasion as this it is doublv so. This celebration is one of many which are intended 33 to do honor to the past, the present and the future of one of the centers of our state civilization. These exercises are to be in tril)nto to those who struggled with primeval conditions and achieved success. They are also intended as a recognition of the good endeavor of those who followed the pioneers and finally they are designed to teach the lessons offered by our present day environment. Under such circumstances it would seem that it should be a comparatively easy task to give fitting expression of praise on behalf of the state; but it is not so. The mind when dwelling upon the magnificent process of our evolution becomes confused with the many incidents that make up the glorious story. Hardly a page of early Ohio history is unromantic. Tliere are i^vne; stari^ing. but very few of the man}- sections which can j^roperly claim a century of history that do not present stirring facts and striking episodes worthy of mention by one who is endeavoring to give an epitome of it all. Each sturdy Ohio settlement of the wilderness had its own cause for pride and each has had a record which can well be termed that of honor. The new Pilgrims who landed at the mouth of the Muskingum and found another rock of hope in the wilderness, constituted a society which left a notable impression upon Ohio civilization. 3 34 Those who came from Coiinectieiit and opened the now splendid section known as the Western Reserve, formed another nucleus of a wonderful development and of a great success. The Vir- ginians who, in first following the westward star settled some of tlie fertile valleys and alhivial stretches of Kentucky and who finally came into that part of Ohio which lies along the western streams of our southern watershed, established no less a shining mark to stand as a monument to their good endeavor and purpose. It was from these three important advents to the Ohio wilder- ness that the broad foundation stones of present civilization rose. Think for a moment what a standard of quality this infusion of Anglo-Saxon blood meant to a new region like that which was to become Ohio. From the very establishment was given the strong, uncomj)romising, self-helpful and God-fearing character which came from Puritan and true Anglo-Saxon ancestry. From the region which knew the early settlements along the James river was furnished a race of brave, hardy and chivalrous men and women — those who had wrestled with adversity and hard circum- stances as strenuously as had their New England brethren and who were equally as determined to achieve success in a new land. In no place within the confines of Ohio was there a more remark- able welding of these two elements of pioneer citizenship than in this Franklin county. The children of that which was then the east and the south met here upon fertile ground to attempt civiliza- tion. How well they succeeded the present day conditions show. In a stretch of a hundred years no settlement, town or city of this great state of ours has more of which to be proud than Columbus. The record of her growth from the small beginning on the west side to her present proud position in the galaxy of Ohio cities has been remarkable in every respect. As a community of frontiers- men and their families she produced those who took a prominent place in the affairs of the state and of the nation. As the capital of a commonwealth almost second to none in our union of states she has given men and women who can well be ranked with some of our most illustrious sons and daughters. Patriotic at all times, progressive, loyal ever, cultivated, strong and sturdy, peaceful, the beginning and the present of Columbus have been all that could be asked. 35 But there are others whose pleasant duty it is to day to speak ill more particular detail and in more glowing terms of the history of the iiiiinic'ipality which is celebrating its centennial anniversary . at this time. 1 will not encroach upon their prerogatives, there- fore, but before leaving the subject for a brief reference to the more general one of the state, let me say that I as a resident of Springfield, your well-wishing and loyal neighboring city, feel a peculiar interest in the celebration. It was one of the early settlers of Fraiiklinton who was mainly responsible for the begin- ning of Springtield. GritHth Foos, whose family is a well known one throughout the state, came to Ohio from Kentucky and his route was 1a' the Scioto valley. He tarried awhile in Frank- linfon and then determined to explore the forest areas to the west- ward ill search of a new kx^ation. He reached the present site of S[)ringtield in March, 1801, and there, with another earlier settler, James Demint, also a Kentuckian, laid out a town which has also had a wonderful development and which has ever been a just cause for Ohio pride. I mention this fact to show that some of us whose private residences are not in this goodly city of Colundnis have reason to thank you. Had it not been for Franklinton and the invitation it gave to Grifhth Foos to become a settler if only tem- porarily, Springfield would i)robably not have been begun in so desirable a location and perhaps my home city would not have had as good a beginning. My friends, if there is good cause why Ohio should rejoice in her fine cities and in the citizenship thereof, there is also every reason why all who live in cities and towns, in villages or in purely agricultural communities, should join in one grand chorus in laud- ing and praising the state as a whole. It was carved out of a widerness and the pioneers found that it was rich in all the ele- ments that contribute to man's well being and success in life. There were broad stretches of land adapted for agriculture; there were rivers which drained the land and which afforded quick and easy means of travel. There was timber of a most excellent kind; th(^re were hills which contained minerals and which were rich in bitiuiiinous coal. ITature seemingly lavished gifts upon this fertile tract we now call our own. How we have profited by the bounty of a gracious Providence you all know in a general way, 36 but there are few who fully appreciate the magnitude of the harvest of material wealth we now gather each year. In every city of Ohio there are busy factories which are turning out pro- ducts for the use of our citizens or for the world. The 10,000 square miles of coal land yield 10,000,000 tons annually; the iron and steel industries have made Ohio famous in that line, and our quarries have produced and are producing stone which is the peer of any. But agriculture has been the mainstay of Ohio. In the 109 years of the history of that which is now Ohio, husbandry has been the most important occupation and grandly has it progressed. From the maize field of the pioneers and from their small garden patches which produced at first only a return sufiicient for the' needs of the settlers, there has come an annual harvest stupendous in its proportions. The 10,000,000 acres of land of the present day produce 100,000,000 bushels of corn, 37,000,000 bushels of wheat; a like amount of oats; 12,000,000 bushels of potatoes and a wonderful crop of other products now necessary and marketable. Our orchards cover 50,000 acres, and in some years have produced 31,000,000 bushels of apples, 1,500,000 bushels of peaches and 270,000 bushels of pears. All fruits have been produced in abundance. Our live stock has been valued at $112,000,000 and the flocks of sheep have yielded 20,000,000 pounds of strong fibered wool. The Ohio farmer has been enterprising and ad- vanced in his ideas. He has prospered and under a beneficent school system all his children as well as those of his brothers of the cities have been given the chance of a good education. No wonder Ohio is great and no wonder her people can praise her! The realization of such hopes of the j)ioneers and of those who succeeded them should be a cause for congratulation from all. Such an event as this today is in honor of the general results as well as of those who labored and won this field. For Ohio I say to the people of this central county and of this capital city, "Well done;" and I know that all of you are willing to raise your voices in extolling the work of your fellow-men. May Columbus and her people, the posterity of those who came late and those who came early, achieve still greater success in the century to come ! May all be as proud of the fair name of our state during the second century as we are today ! 37 MR. IRVINE SPEAKS FOR THE MAYOR. At the close of Governor BuslmeH's address Ohairman Cla- liane announced that, owing to sudden illness, Mayor Black could not bo present to deliver the address of welcome in behalf of the city, adding that in the absence of the mayor Assistant Director of Law E. C Irvine would do the honors for the city. Mr. Irvine spoke briefly, but to the point. He said he was sorry that the mayor could not be present to deliver the address, as the eifort would have been much abler than he was capable of, especially on such short notice as he had received. He said it was fitting- that Columbus should celebrate the centennial anniversary of Franklinton. He referred to the sturdy pioneers who had blazed a path through the wilderness and hewed from the forests a new civilization for which they deserve the homage now paid them by those participating in the celebration commemorative of their accomplishments. MT. CAHMEL HOSPITAL, CONDUCTED BY THE SISTERS OF HOLY CROSS. The speaker referred to the hardships that ])eset the early settlers who were surrounded by savage red men and in constant fear of the deadly tomahawdv and scalping knife. In conclusion he, in behalf of Mayor Black, extended a hearty welcome to all to Columbus. GENERAL JOHN BEATTY'S ADDRESS. General John Beatty was then introduced and delivered the following historical address : A few rods from where we are assembled today the waters of the Olentangv unite with those of the Scioto, and together flow 38 down to the Ohio, thence to the Mississippi, and so onward to a gulf of the Atlantic ocean. Southwardly from the place where the two streams meet, there was, at the time to which we propose to refer, a broad, handsome stretch of valley land, where good crops of corn would follow even rude cultivation, where the wild grape, plum and j^aw-paw could be gathered in their season, and whence it was an easy matter to make forays to the higher lands in quest of such beasts and birds as prefer not to live in close prox- imity to man, whether he be tame or wild. This suggests, in brief, the field about us as our fathers saw it, but not the incidents, marvelous and otherwise, connected with it. At a time when our ancestors were living in thatched huts on the Rhine, the Thames, the Shannon, or the Tweed, and when even London was an inconsiderable collection of rude houses, a people far advanced in certain lines of civilization established a town near the junction of the Scioto and Olentangy, and built temples and places of sepulture, and worshiped God in a fashion somewhat different from our own, but not greatly dissimilar to that of the old Britons who met for devotional services at Stone- henge. The Scioto was then a great thoroughfare ; its banks dotted with homes and populous villages. That was a thousand — may be three thousand — years ago, and yet the beautiful temple mounds, and mounds of sepulture, which this prehistoric people left be- hind them — some almost within an arrow's flight from where we stand — have for centuries defied the ravages of time, and now bid fair to continue to exist when the decaying edifices of ancient GTreece and Rome shall have finally moldered into dust and for- ever disappeared. When and why this people left the Scioto valley, and to what place they journeyed, will always remain matters of conjecture, but the splendid cities and other evidences of high civilization which the Spaniards found in Mexico and Peru suggest, at least, that they moved southward in search of a more genial climate and perhaps more fertile lands. Then the red Indian came — a race of stalwart men, who spurned fixed habitations, delighted in the freedom and solemn grandeur of great forests, and loved the world as it had come 39 frc'slily from the hand of the Creator. But even this nomadic peoj)k» had their favorite places of resort, and their frail abodes were standing near the junction of the Scioto and Olentangy when the Pilgrim fathers lande8. Putnam and Tupper had es- tablished a colony at the mouth of the Muskingum. There was a remnant of a deceived and despondent colony of French at Gallipolis. Inconsiderable settlements had been made between the Miamis on wltat was known as the Symmes purchase. There where settlements opposite wheeling in what is now Belmont county, and the year before the time of which I speak the avant couriers of a Connecticut colonv liaany P>, of the Ninth battalion (colored), followed th« Fourteenth and was commanded by C^aptain Hopkins. The second division was in charge of Colonel Moses H. Neil, and was composed of the civic and secret societies embracing in its make-up several of the most noted societies in the city. Colonel Neil's staif was composed of the following: Colonel J. C. L. Pugh, chief; with the following aides: W. J. Camnitz, llarhin P. .Tudd, Charles A. Pearce, Jay J. Barbour, C. J. Cruse of Walhonding tribe Ked Men; H. M. Innis, Algonquin; Henry Stcmple, Scioto; Frank B. Cameron, Buffalo*; Chief Matheny, Heaver; Chief Barry, Altoma; (liief Shotwell, Olentangy; David Lewis Deerfoot. , , The second division was headed by Neddermeyer's celebrated band of twenty pieces, with Professor Neddermeyer in the ranks. Then came St. Joseph's commandery. Knights of St. John. This commandery was in charge of Captain Rice and presented a fine a])pearance, with their elegant uniforms and flowing white plumes. Following came a division of Knights of Pythias, soldierly ap- |)caring men; then the uniformed rank of Red Men, maneuvering as they went and eliciting applause; then the Lincoln, Cedar and Arbor Vitae Camps of Woodmen of the World, gay with para- ])hemalia; then Red Men in full regalia, witli painted faces, feathers and tomahawk. Ladies of Pocahontas and Hiawatha tribes, dressed as squaws, followed in carriages. The third division of the parade was a display of the industries and manufacturing interests of the capital city. It was one of the largest divisions of the whole ])arade. Tt was in command of Colonel A. B. Coit, of the Ohio National Guard, with Mr. D. A, Agler as aide: The positions of the various industrial displays were as follows: 60 1. Capital City Dairy ( \)in})any, four wagons. 2. Hayden's chain factory, two floats. 3. Chainniakers' Union No. 6587. 4. Urlin & Pfeifer's display. 5. T>. C. Beggs & Co., two wagons. 6. J. r. Williams & Sons, one wagon. 7. Eberly & Eobb, ten wagons. 8. Frank A111)i'iglit & Co., one wagon. 9. George Janton & Co., one wagon. 10. I. E. Webb, grocers. 11. George Janton & Sons, soaps. 12. Pfaltzgraf & Co. 13. Carlisle & Co., furniture. 14. John Shrum & Co., ice cream. 15. Tramp orator. IG. G. W. Dozer. 17. Lane & (*o., photograjihers. 18. Columbus Trunk and Luggage (^ompany. 19. Columbus Bicycle Company. 20. Elliott's bakery, ten wagons. 21. Ed. Logan, grocer. 22. W. A. Snider, grocer. Features of this division were the Frlin ife Pfeifer float on which was seated a little miss about to have her picture taken; the Hayden factory floats showing, one a house of polished chain and the other chain in immense coils; the Columbus Bicycle Com- pany's display of bicycles, arranged in pyramid, on the apex of which sat a fair nineteenth century girl; and the Dairy Com- l)any's wagons, in front of which mrached a number of employes dressed in white linen suits, linen hats and black neckties. By prearrangement the Bamum & Bailey circus and mena- gerie, which chanced to be in the city for an exhibition, added its parade to that of the centennial. It was put in as the second grand division, and followed the industrial display. First came the couriers, and after them, the great and only forty -horse driver, John Thomas, who is the veteran driver of the century. The forty horses were four abreast, and they })resented an attractive ai)pearance as they galloped down the streets. 61 Following the 40-horse team were the wild animals in open cages, consisting of lions, bears, tigers and leopards, the great iinisical wagon, ladies and gentlemen on horseback, Roman cluiridts, wagons with bands, representatives of foreign countries, camels, 20 elephants in a drove, the children's delight, Santa ( 'lans, Mother Goose, Blue Beard, Cinderella and Little Red Rid- ing Hood; then came the clowns in their odd regalia, cavaliers on horseback, ladies in wagons, the Queen of Sheba, warriors on hors('l)ack, Indian scpiaws, warriors and pappooses, concluding with the calliope. HIGHI^AND AVENUE SCHOOL HOUSE IN WHICH THE REWCS WERE DISPLAYED. FLAG-RAISING EXERCISES. Pursuing the route previously outlined, the centennial parade halted at Broad and Sandusky streets and disbanded in order to ],articipate in the flag-raising exercises on the grounds of the Convent of the Good Shepherd. This location was chosen by Rev. D. A. Clarke, pastor of the Holy Family church, Frank- linton, and originator of the centennial, as most appropriate for such a demonstration, since it was formerly the center of activity 62 of the old town, the site of the homestecad of Lucas Sullivant and directly across the street from the first seat of justice of Franklin county. A large stand richly decorated with flags and bunting had been erected, and upon it were arranged about seventy-five little girls from the Convent of the Good Shepherd and Holy Family schools, and a number of distinguished persons, with a few of the representative old residents. The children from the convent wore dresses of blue, while those from the school were arrayed in white, all in sashes of the Ameri- can colors. The clergy were represented by Rt. Rev. Bishop Watterson, Rev. D. A. Clarke, Rev. IST. C. Helfrich, of the Presbyterian church; Rev. W. L. Lemon, of the Baptist church. Amongst the old settlers occupying seats upon the platform were Mr. Joseph Sullivant and sisters, grandchildren of Lucas Sullivant, founder of Franklinton; Mr. Richard Sinclair, Major Fleming, Mr. John Short. Colonel J. L. Rodgers, private secretary of the governor,' was seated upon the platform, representing the state. The mayor could not be present. All the buildings of the neighborhood were gaily decked in festive designs and national colors whilst immense crowds of people filled the streets in every direction in the vicinity. When order had been obtained Father Clarke stepped to the front of the stand and delivered the following address: My Fellow-Citizens — The pleasing and distinguishing duty of introducing our little exercises here today seems to devolve upon me. The centennial celebration of the foundation of Columbus is now well on, and our citizens with patriotic pride, are telling of the wonderful growth of this capital of our gi-and old state. It is a patriotic occasion, indeed, and well do we observe it as such. It is time, too, for fraternal greetings and hearty congratulations since country is made dearer to us by the ties of home and olden friends who come from far and near to rehearse the scenes of long, long ago. It is peculiarly appropriate, therefore, that the soul- inspiring colors of our country's flag should everywhere be in evidence today. Look where you will, be it to the church spire, to the schoolhouse top, to the roof of palatial residence or humble cot, to the busy street, to tlie quiet lane or to the signboards of 63 commercial activity; anywliere and everywhere the inspiring sight of the red, white and bkie presents to the patriotic eye a scene that will linger long in the memory of the young genera- tion. We are here on truly patriotic, as well as historic ground, and we can in no better manner attest our appreciation of the fact than by honoring the banner, under whose protecting folds, our city, as an integral portion of our great state and nation, bearing as it does the name of America's discoverer, has made such pro- gress in the general, rapid development of this western territory. AVe raise, then, our country's flag in glory today and present to it our profound patriotic homage, in gladsome recognition of old Franklinton's centennial, and as an object lesson to the younger amongst us, who, with their descendants, shall continue to make the historic period of another hundred years. When raised by the hand of Lucas Sullivant it unfolded its colors to the breezes, one hundred years ago, its union of stars numbered only sixteen; today there twinkles in its heavenly blue a constellation of forty-five. Within that century it has passed through many trying crises. It is battlescarred, but yet un- wounded, with its hues as brilliant as when first borrowed from heaven's vault. I am trespassing upon the time allotted to our exercises and the hour is near midday. We will proceed with the simple program by the children. At the conclusion of these remarks, the Fourteenth regiment band, stationed within the convent grounds, back of the stand, played "'America." This was followed by a chorus, "Columbia." The band played "Hail Columbia," and whilst the children sang the chorus, "Unfurl the Glorious Banner," Miss Rosa Dolhoover, costumed as the Goddess of Liberty, stepped upon an elevated dais and slowly raised the magnificent flag to the top of a hand- somely finished seventy-foot pole erected to the rear of the stand upon the convent grounds. As the emblem of our liberties reached the summit of the staff, beneath the golden globe, a sym- pathetic breeze unfurled it to its full proportions and it floated proudly and triumphantly. A great cheer went up from the spectators. Miss May Fitzgerald came forward and recited in an artistic and effective manner, "The Star Spangled Banner." After chorus, "Guard the Flag," by the children, Rt. Rev. 64 Bishop Watterson was introduced, who, after the applause oc- casioned by his appearance liad subsided, spoke in substance as follows : People of Ohio — I arise simply to offer the centennial greet- ings of the children, who, having their homes and receiving their education on the site of the residence of Lucas Sullivant, founder of this city, are here to sing their patriotic songs and unfurl the stars and stripes in testimony and to show their love of coun- try, and their gratitude to God for the favors He has bestowed on them, and to the state of Ohio for the protection it has always given to institutions of education and of charity. They are here to show their reverence for the memory of Lucas Sullivant and respect for his grandchildren and great grandchildren who are united with us in this joyous celebration. This spot on which we stand was in the days of Mr. Sullivant the home of hospitality and kindness ; it is still the home of benefi- cence and charity and only God knows the good that has been here done during the last 30 years or more. All honor to Lucas Sullivant and those who have done so much for our city; all honor to the flag unfurled on this hallowed spot and prosperity to the city and its people ; and may the next centen- nial see still larger and greater glories of Columbus. At the conclusion of the Bishop's address, Father Clarke, who had presided throughout the exercises, introduced Mr. Joseph Sullivant to the audience, but this gentleman, not accustomed to public speaking, arose and bowed his acknowledgments, amid much applause. The concluding chorus, "Auld Lang Syne," was sung by the children and after three hearty cheers for "our grand old flag" and the Eranklinton centennial, the exercises were declared at an end. AT THE CENTENNIAL GROUNDS. People began early in the d?y to gather at the centennial grounds. Many brought lunches which they ate in shady spots. There were reunions of friends in which interesting reminiscences of early times were recounted. 65 SENATOR M. A. HANNA'S SPEECH. Mayor Samuel L. Black was the presiding officer at the formal exercises of the afteruoon. After music by the Fourteenth Regi- ment band, Senator M. A. Ilanna was introduced and spoke as follows: '^Friends and Fellow-Citizens — I have come here today rather to make an apology for not fulfilling my part of the advertised I^rogram than to make an address. I have been suffering all day, and am here under ]n'otest, and rather than disappoint those who COLLECTION OF RELICS BELONGING TO MRS. LYONS. expected to see me, I rise to say a few words, or at least to express my feelings of gratification at being a jruest on this occasion of the people of Columbus, a sister city and almost a rival one to my own. It is an interesting occasion; interesting to you because of its historical associations; interesting to me because I am proud to say that I myself belong to a family of the pioneers of Ohio. 66 "When boys we were not fond of hearing onr fathers tell us how they were brought up and what they were obliged to do in tlieir boyhood and manhood to make their way in the world, but when we come to talk about our grandfathers, who carried a rifle on one shoulder and an ax on the other, then we are proud of our ancestors and their primitive ways. Those who hewed their way in the first steps of civilization in the now great commonwealth of Ohio never thought during those days of vicissitude and danger that they were laying the foundation of one of the great- est commonwealths on which the sun has ever shone. Ohio is the watchword of progress to everybody. Ohio means more to us than all beyond, and those of you who have been the builders and are now building this great city of yours must know and feel the honor, the pride and the responsibility of your task of building upon this foundation laid by the ])ioneers whose honor we cele- brate today, a foundation primitive, it is true, but lasting in its pride, hope and faith. Upon that rise your efforts. Upon that you build to further greatness, hoping that your efforts in another century will be placed along parallel lines with those who went before you. "The aggregation of people in large communities is one of the things that attract the attention of all of us. Wealthy govern- ment in municipal affairs is quite another proposition. It calls forth the unselfishness of our natures. It calls for a freemasonry of the human family. "There is above and outside of all political questions one ques- tion which appeals to every citizen. I mean the institutions of American civilization that are trulv American. The feed of such civilization is shown in the public schools of our great cities. I said to the children on your state fair ground the other day, that it was my good fortune to begin my education in the first year of the beginning of our public schools. I thank God that I had that opportunity. I thank God that my life has been spared to see the growth of these institutions of our country. It is from these institutions that our children get their first inspiration of self-government, morality and religion in social life. It is to these institutions and the education received from them that we must look for the future of our commonwealth of the great cities. 67 To them and their school children we look for the coming genera- tion to improve upon those of iis who have had more experience. "1 wish 1 had the strength and the ability to tell the people of ( '(tluiiil)iis how iiiucli is (hie to their enterprise and to their in- dustries of tlie growth of their great city from an industrial stand- point. 1 dare not trench upon the political lines of that question before an audience Hkc this, but it is a pride that every citizen of Ohio carries witli him that you have built here a great industrial center by people whose morality and religious observance have made it a city of virtue. Therefore as your friend from a rival city I t^ke this opportunity of congratulating the citizens of Co- lumbus and to prophesy that ere 100 years more have rolled away what seems a monster today will seem insignificant in com- parison. You are doing a great work for yourselves and human- ity. Pursue that work and you will attain a success that will make any mayor who succeeds Mayor Black proud that he may preside over such a city," BTSKOP JOHA^ A. AVATTEESOTiT'S SPEECH. Senator Hanna was followed by the Right Rev. John A. Wat- terson, bishop of the Cohunbus diocese, who spoke as follows: ''Look here upon this picture and on this." — Hamlet. Mr. Chairman and Ladies and Gentlemen: Some years ago Miss Anna Dickinson was engaged to deliver a lecture on Joan d'Arc, the maid of Orleans, in a western town. Tlie task of introducing her to the audience fell on the chairman of the lecture committee, a very worthy man, but evidently not well up in history. ''Ladies and gentlemen," said he, advancing to the front of the platform, ''Miss Dickinson will address you to- night on the stirring life and exciting adventures of John Dark, one of the greatest heroes of antiquity. We ourselves," he went on to say, "are not as familiar with the heroes of antiquity as we ought to be, on account of the length of time between antiquity and us; but Miss Dickinson is, and she will doubtless throw much interesting light on that most remarkable man of them all, John Dark." I am afraid the worthy chairman unwittingly insinuated that ]\riss Anna was one of the anti(i[uities herself. Now, T am not as familiar with the heroes of Franklinton antiquity as I 68 ought to be, owing to the long time between them and me; but General Beatty is well acquainted with them, perhaps for the reason Anna was in the other case ; for he told you all about them yesterday in his masterly historical address; and for a like reason the venerable Daniel McAlister is also, for he is able to exhibit to you a very interesting collection of their relics; and so also with others who related the history of the city yesterday; but I doubt whether Mr. Hanna is, because, like me, he is still quite young, and for some time past he has certainly been more concerned about the moderns than the ancients. Centennial celebrations are becoming very frequent and popu- lar among us. Even women (when they get to be a hundred), like to have their ages known and celebrated. But until twenty- five or thirty years ago, we Americans, as a rule, took but little interest in the past. The present and its cares absorbed the at- tention of our people; but the love of antiquity is in us; and rev- erence for all that is great and venerable in the pioneer history of our own country has quickened in our hearts and become a nurs- ing principle of patriotism. There are some things which, in- stead of acquiring dignity with age, are apt to lose their respecta- l)ility with their youth ; but it is not so with the sturdy cities of our developing republic. The older they get the more they seem to combine the respectability and venerableness of age with growth and vigor of continued youth; and Franklinton and Co- lumbus are not exceptions to the rule. What a contrast between 1797, when Lucas Sullivant laid the foundations of this city, and 1897, when his grandchildren and great grand children and the descendants of others who came here in the hard days of its beginnings, are joined with us in the joyous celebration of its first centennial! All around us a century ago was a wild, unbroken wilderness, the hunting grounds of the savage redman ; here the Shawnee and the Wyandot roamed the intricate forests or sat around the solemn council fires. A few years before the settlement of Franklinton, a fierce Indian war had raged over much of the Ohio country. General Harmar had been defeated; and in 1791 General St. Clair saw his army also cut to pieces. The savages had risen up to kill or to expel every white man within the territory; but in the summer 69 of 1794, the old rcvolutionarv hero, Mad Anthony Wayne, sent out by President Wasliington, gained a decisive victory at Fallen Timbers, and compelled the Indians in the following year to sign the treaty by which they surrendered all the country as far west as the Wabash, and thus opened up Ohio to the peaceful advance of the pale face. It was then that the sturdy pioneers of civiliza- tion began to build their log cabins and make their clearings in the forests; but what tongue can tell or pen describe the hardships and privations, the dangers and distresses which they suffered? SCENE IN IHK RELICS DISPLAY, HIGHLAND AVENUE SCHOOL BUILDING. Of the material comforts and conveniences of life they had liter- ally none. There was absolutely nothing but the soil itself, noth- ing, but the rough hands and rude implements of the settler to re- deem it from its savagery. Means of travel and transporation were most difficult and tedious. ITp to the beginning of this century indeed, only three roads had been cut through the forests from the east to the vast Ohio region, and those of so rude and rough a sort that wagons crept with difficulty over them at the rate of a couple of miles an hour; and as for the intellectual re- 70 fiiienionts and social solaces of life, tlicv were something to dream of and sia,lj for, but hardly to enjoy. J^nt what a change a centnrv has wronght! AVhat material greatness on every side in these brighter days of ours! What ad- vance in the arts that make life smooth and pleasant. The very elements subserve our wants, promote our intercourse and antici- pate our habitual impatience. The ])alatial steamship and rail- way carriage, natural and artiticial gas, the telegraph, the tele- phone, the electric light and motive ])ower, and other wonderful inventions are luxuries so common now that we almost cease to think of the marvellous forces which they represent. Science is the common servant. Nothing that can add to the ease and pleasure of life is too mighty or too minute for her to ])lace at our disposal. By her aid we have dispelled the utter darkness of the winter nights and made good the unfruitfulness of the winter season. For us she unites the ends of the earth and brings to the daily service of the north the produce of the southern tropics. The luxuries of the last generation are become the ne- cessities of this. Things utterly unknown to our forefathers are essential now. At no period, notwithstanding occasional tem2)orary variations, was wealth more widely spread or comfort more diffused; and if, according to the promise, the poor we have always with us, we have reared numerous comfortable homes of refuge and protection for the very wretched and helpless. And not only is our power over physical nature greater than it ever Avas, but every day new practical applications are made of it for the increase of the conveniences of life. But we are not only rich in material enjoyments. What intellectual pleasures are offered to us I What wealth of literature gathered from every corner of the earth and placed before us through the marvelous power of the modern printing- press! The masterpieces of ancient greatness, when the intellect of man was at its highest, down to the latest glories of the genius of our own times, all the poetr}% the philosophy, the history, the romance of all the ages, are put so easily and readily within our reach. Ours is all that can satisfy the understanding, fascinate the imagination or dazzle the memory. And then in the social world today what refinement of manners, what cultivated taste, 71 what extensive knowledft'e ! Travelers, laden with the intellect- ual and artistie spoils of many countries, gratify every day our natural curiosity and eager thirst for information. And what paths of ambition our times ojjen up to the gifted and energetic intellect ! What prospects of usefulness and j)ower and how wide a sphere of action are oifered to successful talent, it matters not from what condition or grade of life it comes! What a singular contrast these brilliant triumphs of our day present to the hum- bler, but not less important victories of a century ago! "Going, the men of 1797 and those who intervened between them and us, went and wept and sowed the seed; but coming, we are come with joyfulness, carrying their sheaA'es," tlie fruits of their toil and patience, and it is largely our own fault if we are not a happy l)eople. Mr. Chairman, and ladies and gentlemen, this centennial cele- bration should therefore remind us of the gratitude we owe our fathers for what they achieved for us. It should call forth our patriotic resolution to imitate all that was good and great in them, and to use what they be(|ueathed, not only for our own advantage, but the common weal. It shoidd evoke our thanks- giving to Almighty God, under whose gi'acious i)rovidence Co- lumbus has grown from small beginnings to the great and beau- tiful city that it is today, and our regrets for nmch misuse of His blessed gifts; for He looks beneath the glittering surface of temporal prosperity, and, as the searcher of the reins and of the heart, sees whether, with all our material, intellectual and social advantages, we stand as well in His sight as those to whom not so much was given and from whom, mayhap. He expected not so much, but received much more of gratitude and praise. COLONEL E. L. TAYLOll'S ADDRESS. After music b}' the band. Colonel E. L. Taylor was intro- duced as the orator selected to ])ortray the character and life of the Indians who inhabited central Ohio when Franklinton was founded. Colonel Taylor spoke as follows: Wo are engaged today in celebrating an event uf a hundred years ago which was then api)arently unimportant, but which has led on to great and pcrnuuient results. A hundred ^ears 72 ago a few intelligent and detcrniiiicd white men settled here in the then unbroken wilderness, whiedi settlement soon became and has ever since remained the center of a far-pervading sal- utary influence. It was one of tlie important and permanent steps toward reducing to cultivation and civilization the great wilderness of the Northwest, of which Ohio was a part. When we look abroad and behold the wondrous transformation which luis taken place since Lucas Sullivant and his few associates built their cabins near this spot, our minds are filled with amazement at the results, and our hearts with thankfulness and gratitude to Him who has so wisely guided and bounteously blest us as a community and a people. This event was the beginning of the settlement of Central Ohio and the foundation of the present City of Columbus, which now embraces the town of Franklin- ton. If there had been no Franklinton there would have been no Columbus; and so those few rude cabins have within a hun- dred years developed into a great and prosperous city, with its trade and commerce and thousands of happy homes. The celebration of this event will be of ever increasing in- terest as the centuries go by. It marked a new and most im- portant era in the history of Ohio, and particularly in that of Franklin and adjoining counties. It was but eleven years be- fore the settlement of Franklinton that so intelligent a states- man as James Monroe, after a visit to the then wilderness of Ohio for the purpose of informing himself as accurately as possible as to the character and condition of the ISTorthwest territory, wrote to Thomas Jefferson as follows: "A great part of the territory is miserably poor, especially that near Lakes Michigan and Erie; and that upon the Missis- sippi and the Illinois consists of extensive plains which have not had, from appearance, and Avill not have, a single bush on them for ages. The districts, therefore, within which these fall, will, perhaps, never contain a sufficient number of inhabitants to entitle them to membership in the confederacy (of states) and in the meantime the people who may settle within them will be governed by the resolutions of congress, in which they will not be represented." The territory referred to by Mr. Monroe included what is 73 now the States of Oliio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan andAViscon- sin. At that time there were no permanent settlements by the wliite race within all this vast territory, and with the exception of a few Frc))ch traders and a few captives among the Indians, there were within it no white people. It was an unclaimed and unbroken wilderness. Within this territory there are now five of the most populous and prosperous states in the Union, con- lainiiiii' lialf a hundred cities and uuiny hundreds of prosperous towns and villages, and a population of fifteen millions of people living under conditions of prosperity and happiness, of morality and intelligence not surpassed by any community of equal mag- nitude whi(di has ever existed in the history of the world. OLD FRANKLINTON COURT HOUSE WEATHER VANE, RIDDLED WITH BULLETS, ETC. — OWNED BY W B. SMITH. For all of this we should rejoice and be exceedingly glad, but in our rejoicing we must not forget that other peoples and other races once occupied this territory and here lived and ener- gized for many centuries — possibly for several thousands of years — before the advent of the white man. It is concerning these, our immediate predecessors, the Indians, and their man- ner of life that I have been requested to speak today. We are too apt to think of the Indian as a lurking, dan- gerous, unrelenting savage, infesting the forest and living with- (■•ut laws or restrictions of any kind, and with no intentions but of evil. This view is both erroneous and unjust. It is true 74 that tkey were alert and dangerous as enemies when once they were made enemies, but when we shall have learned a broader charity, and truth instead of prejudice and fiction shall be re- corded as history, it will be found that the Indian has not always been the aggressor, and was not by nature the cruel savage as generally assumed and represented. We, the white people, have written all the history so far, but a more impartial view will yet be made, when it will appear that the cruel and vindictive acts of the Indians were largely the result of the cruel and vindictive acts of the white men. They were not at worst more fierce or savage than many of the white men with whom they came in contact; and in truth they could have been, for history records no darker or bloodier crimes than those which have been committed by our race against the Indian tribes. The massa- cre of the Moravian Indians in 1782 on the soil of Ohio in the now county of Tuscarawas, and the murder of Chief Cornstalk and his son Elenipsies in 1777 at Point Pleasant, will always remain among the darkest, most dreadful and disgraceful pages in American history. A thousand other atrocities of various natures shame and disgrace the history of our contact with the Indian tribes whom we call savages, and largely rob us of the right to claim superiority over them, save in the matter of edu- cation and physical force. They had no written laws, but they had rules of tribal and family government, which had all the force of laws. They had no written language and but a limited vocabulary, but many of them were gifted with marvelous eloquence of speech; and it would be easy to cite among their reported speeches nu- merous examples of elocjuence, which, except for want of classic form, would rank little below the best efforts of the best Eng- lish-speaking orators. They had neither courts nor judges, but they dealt justly with each other and guarded individual rights with jealous care. They had no military schools, but they developed brave and skillful warriors, and the names of Pontiac, Tecumseh, Crane, Cornstalk, Solamon and many other chiefs will remain a permanent part of the history of the long and bloody contests between the Indian tribes and white men for the possession of the territory of the great Northwest. 75 At the time of the first settlciiiciit along the Xovv England and New Jersey shores by the white man, that portion of the eonntry was occupied by the Alg()n([nin linguistic family divided, however, into many tribes or clans. The entire territory of Xew York and the territory immediately around the borders of Lake Erie, inculding a portion of N^orthern Ohio, was occupied by the Iroquois family. Both of these linguistic families had many sub-divisions of tribes, but all the tribes of the same family spoke substantially the same language. The encroachments of the white man from our Eastern shores westward gradually drove ihe Algonquin Indians to the west and they were thus com- pelled to seek new territory whereon to settle, and in (h)ing so they necessarily impinged Uj^on other tribes, particularly upon the Iroquois. This brought on wars which greatly disturbed the original conditions of the tribe and wrought great changes, both in their numbers and locations. These conflicts were fur- ther complicated by wars between the French on one side and the English upon the other, as these two nations were for a long period of time actively contending for dominion on this conti- nent. The result of all this was broken and disseminated tribes of botli the Algonquin and Iroquois families, some of which found lodgment in various ])ortions of Ohio. Our immediate -predecessors in the occupancy of Ohio were the Miamis, Shawnees, Delawares and Ottawas of the Algon- (juin linguistic family; and the Wyandots and Mingos of the Iro- ([uois linguistic family. There were also in the eastern and northeastern part of the State a few of the Senecas and Tus- carawas, who were of the Iroquois family. Their occupancy, however, was for hunting })urposes and temporary in character, their pennanent homes being farther east in New York and northern Pennsylvania. Their tril)al relations were with the Six Xations of the Iroquois. In the early part of the century some of the Senecas broke away from their original tribal relations and settled near Sandusky within the territory claimed by the Wyandots. They were inconsiderable, both in numbei*s and in- fluence, and came into Ohio after the formation of the State, and cannot therefore be considered as ha^dng an original occu- pancy of the country. 76 The Mingos were but a small tribe, a branch of the Iroquois, which formerly occupied the eastern portion of the State near Steubenville, and later settled upon the banks of the Scioto, where the City of Columbus now stands. They had but three small villages; one in front of and south where the Ohio Peni- tentiary now stands; another was at the west end of the Harris- burg bridge, where the City Work House is now located, and the other was near the east end of what is called the Green Lawn Avenue bridge. Logan was their most noted chief and at one time possessed great influence, not only over his own, but all the other tribes northwest of the Ohio. The Delawares come from the region of the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers in Pennsylvania, and settled for a time along the Muskingum and later upon the Auglaize in northwestern Ohio, on territory claimed by the Miamis and Wyandots. Later still they moved from the Auglaize to the White River in In- diana, which is a branch of the Wabash. They were at one time, before they came to Ohio, conquered by the five nations of Iroquois and called women, and reduced to the grade of women; but after their advent in Ohio they showed themselves to be brave in war and skillful in the chase, and in part redeemed their reputation and standing with the other tribes. The Shawnees, after wandering over a wide extent of terri- tory, including the States of Florida, Georgia and Tennessee, from which country they were driven by the Creeks and Semi- noles and other Southern tribes, made their lodgment in Ohio along the lower Scioto, in what is now Pickaway and Ross counties, and sought the protection of the Miamis and Dela- wares. At this time Black Hoof was their principal chief, but later, at the battle of 'Tallen Timbers," in August, 1Y94, Blue Jacket was chief in authority of this tribe. TTiey were exceed- ingly restless and aggressive, and constantly annoyed the early settlers in Virginia and Kentucky, and it was against this tribe that the military expedition of Lord Dunmore, in 1YY4, was particularly directed. When he had reached the Scioto, about seven miles south from where Circleville now stands, the Indians sued for peace and the celebrated conference took place by which the Shawnees agreed not to again hunt or conduct maraud- 77 ing expeditions south of the Ohio. The Mingos did not attend that conference, and while Lord Dunmore's main army was centered in Pickaway county, he sent a detachment under Cap- tain Crawford to destroy the Mingo towns where Columbus now standi. Of this expedition the late Joseph Sullivant, in his most excellent address before the ])i()necrs of Franklin county in 1871, narrates that ho had often heard from Jonathan Alder, who had LYONS COLLECTION OF RKLTCS. been long a captive among the Indians, but who in after years lived upon the Darby in this county, and with whom Mr. Sulli- vant had a close personal acquaintance, that he (Alder) had heard from the Indians that "in the fall of 1774, when all the male Indians of the neighboring villages, except a few old men, had gone on their first fall hunt, one day about noon the village was surprised by the sudden appearance of a body of armed white 78 men, wlio immediately enmmeneed firing upon all whom they eonld see. Great consternation and panic ensued and the in- habitants tied in every direction. One of the Indian women seized her child of five or six years of age and rushed down the bardv of the river and across to the wooded island opposite, when she was shot dowji at the farther bank. The child was unhurt amid the shower of balls, and escaped into the thicket and hid in a huge hollow sycamore standing in the middle of the island, where it was found alive two days afterwards when the war- riors of the tribe returned, having been summoned back to the scene of disaster by runners sent for that purpose. This wooded and shady island was a favorite place for us boys when we went swimming and fishing, and I have no doubt but that the huge sycamore is well remembered by many besides myself.'' This seems to have virtually ended the Mingos as a separate tribe or as a tribe of influence. They were not of the tribes who were parties to the treaty of Greenville in 1795, although all the important tribes northwest of the Ohio and east of the Mis- sissippi were parties to that treaty. However, at that time there were some of the Mingos still living aloiig the headwaters of Mad River in what is now Champaign and Logan counties, which territory belonged to the Miamis, and the Mingos had no terri- torial right therein. * * * * •X- * * The Ottawas formerly occupied the region of the Ottawa river of Canada, which empties into the St. Lawrence at Mon- treal, and which still retains the name of that tribe. From this region they were driven westward to the northern portion of Michigan, afterwards to the" region of Green Bay, Wisconsin, still later being driven from one place to another by the Iro- quois; a fragment of the tribe at last settled in Ohio in the coun- try of the Maumee. They joined in the treaty of Greenville, August 8d, 1795. They had long been considered a cowardly tribe; yet they produced the great Pontiac, who was beyond question the greatest of Indian chiefs and warriors of which we have any accurate knowledge. * * ***** The Miamis occupied all the western portion of Ohio, all 79 of Tiuliana and a largo ]if>rtion of wliat is now the State of Illi- \\in^. This tribe had k)ng occupied that territory and were once the nidst numerous and |)o\v(M-ful of tlie tribes in tlie Nortliwest. 'Ihcv had no tradition of evci' having lived in any other por- tion of the country, and so they must have occupied this terri- tory for many generations. Their jjrincipal villages were along ihe headwaters of the two Miamis of the Ohio, and the Miami of the Lake (now the Maume(^) and along the waters of the Wabash in Indiana as far south as the vicinity of Vincennes. At the time of the treaty of Greenville they had been greatly reduced in numbers and in power, bnt were the oldest occupants of the Ohio territory, * * * * * * -X- The Wyandots were a bran(di of the Hurons, and when first met with by the French explorers along the St. Lawrence, occu- pied the vast peninsnla embraced between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie on the east and south, and Lake Huron on the west. Early in the seventeenth century a fierce and unrelenting war broke ont between the Hurons and the Iroquois. The Hurons had been furnished with fire-arms by the French, and the Iroquois by the Hollanders, which inauguraated among the Indians a new instrument and a new mode of warfare. The re- sult was unexpectedly and overwhelmingly in favor of the Iro- quois; and the Hurons were driven from, the line of the St. Law- rence and the country of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie over to the eastern shores of Lake Huron and to the Manitoulin Islands in Georgian Bay. But the aggressions of the Iroquois did not cease there and the Hurons were ultimately driven further north and west to the region of northern Lake Michigan and western Lake Superior. They were afterwards collected and concen- trated largely about the Straits of Mackinac, and later still found tlieir way down Lake Huron and took possession of the country from Lake St. (Uair south along the Detroit river, across Lake l^rie to the mouth of the Sandusky river, thence up that river to the ridge of the State in Wyandot, Marion and Crawford counties, in which territory they had their principal villages. They extended their occupancy of the country south as far at least as the Shawnee settlement on the lower Scioto, They 80 hunted and trapped along all the streams between the Little Miami and the Mnskingum. They also expanded to the west of this general line along the southern shore of Lake Erie as far as the Maumee river; and to the east almost, if not quite, to the eastern boundary of the State, which last region had once been the home of the Eries, but they had before this time been ex- terminated by the Iroquois. Lake Erie obtained its name from that tribe and still retains the same, although the tribe has long been exterminated. The Miamis claimed the right of possession in the territory between the Scioto and the Miamis, and they were at one time in possession of and entitled to the same, but in time the Wy- andots seemed to have been accorded the right thereto. The main villages of the Wyandots were near the present City of Detroit and along the line of the Sandusky river, their principal settlement being in Wyandot county, Ohio, where Upper Sandusky now stands. The Wyandots were admitted to be the leading tribe among the Indians in the territory of the ISTorthwest. To them was entrusted the grand calumet which united all the tribes in that territory in a confederacy for mutual protection and gave them the right to assemble the tribes in council and to kindle the coun- cil fires. This confederation included in addition to the tribes before mentioned the Kickapoos and Potawatamies, who lived about Lake Michigan, and the Chippewas of the upper lake re- gion. Their entire military strength, however, was not to ex- ceed 3000 warriors at the time of the treaty of Greenville in 1795, although their strength had been much greater at a former period. General Harrison, in his address before the Historical So- ciety of Cincinnati in 1839, speaking of the Wyandots, says: "Their bravery has never been questioned, although there was certainly a considerable difference between the several tribes in this respect. With all but the Wyandots flight in battle when meeting with unexpected resistance or obstacles brought with it no disgrace. It was considered a principle of tactics. With the Wyandots it was otherwise. Their youths were taught to consider anything that had the appearance of an 81 ncknowlcdgincnt of the superiority of aii enemy disgraceful. In the battle of the ]\Iianii llapids, of thirteen chiefs of that trilx' who were present only one surviv'ed, and he was badly \\oun(k'd.'" This battle, \vhi(di is generally known as the battle of "fallen tinibci's/' was far rcachinp- in its results favorable to the cou- (jucsts of the Northwest by the white man. It is here worthy of remark that at this battle two of the most remarkable men of their time first came in conflict, namely William Henry Har- rison, then a young officer, and Tecumseh, then a young warrior, 'i'licsc men were destined to be in contact and conflict for more than twenty years, and until Tecumseh met his death at the bat- tle of the Thames, October r)th, ISl-S, where he was in com- MICHAEL Iv. SULLIVANT. mand of the Indian forces allied with the English under Proc- tor, and General Harrison was in connnand of the American forces. It is further relate(l of the Wyandots that when General AVayiie was in command of the Army of the Xorthwest in 1793, lie instructed ( 'a])tain Wells, wdio commanded a company of scouts and who had previously been long a captive with the Indians, to go to Sandusky and bring in a prisoner for the pur- i)Ose of obtaining information. Captain Wells re])lied that he 6 82 ''could bring in a prisoner, but not from Sandusky, because there were none but Wyandots at Sandusky and they would not be taken alive." (Historical Society of Ohio, Vol. 1, page 266.) The Chief Sachem of the Wyandots as far back as the treaty of the Muskingum (Marietta, June 9, 1789), was Tarhe (the Crane), who was even at that remote period the most influential chief of his tribe, and continued to be such until the time of his death, which was subsequent to the peace of 1814. He was the leading spirit at the treaty of Greenville and used his great influ- ence to secure the ratification of that treaty by the various tribes, and continued his efforts and influence in behalf of peace at every treaty and conference to which his tribe was a party, down to the conference with General Harrison at Franklinton, June 21, 1813, and until his death. He never lost his influence, either with his own or other tribes with whom they were in confed- eration. He was a wise, just and honorable chief, and at all times sought to subserve the best and truest interests of both the Indian and the white race, and commanded the respect and confi- dence of both. Another chief of the Wyandots who had great wisdom and firmness, and so great influence with his tribe, was Sha-Tey- Ya-Ron-Yah (Leatherlips). So great was his influence with the Sandusky Wyandots it was deemed by the Prophet and other turbulent spirits that he should be gotten out of the way, and so they had him executed June 1st, 1810. The pretense was witchcraft; but the real cause was the stand he took with his tribe to prevent the war which Tecumseh and the Prophet were then endeavoring to bring about between the Indians and the British on one side, and the Americans upon the other. It was simply a political murder. The virtues of this honorable chief have been commemorated by a suitable monument erected by the Wyandot Club of Columbus in 1888, on the spot where he was executed. * * * * 4^ * * These northern tribes of which we have been making men- tion had long been at enmity and war with the tribes south of the Ohio, particularly with the Cherokees, Chickasaws and Ca- 83 tawbas, and many were the iierce conflicts whicli took place be- tween these warring people. In the traditions which the Miamis give of their own history, they state that they had been at war with the Cherokees and Chickasaws for so long a period of time that they had no account of any time when there had been peace between them. I refer to this particularly today as we are assembled on the banks of the Scioto, which was for centuries one of the important military highways over and along which the northern tribes traveled in their numerous war expeditions against the tribes south of the Ohio. The importance of this river as a highway for the Indians in former times can only be understood and ap- preciated by remembering its direction and its physical rela- tions to other streams and waters. If we draw a line directly from the mouth of the Scioto north to the mouth of the San- dusky river, it will practically parallel the Scioto as far north as the center of Marion county; thence it will lead over the divide or ridge of the State and follow the general line of the Sandusky River to its mouth, where it empties into the San- dusky Bay. Continuing the line further north across Lake Erie, it will lead directly to the mouth of the Detroit River, by which all the waters of the Great Northern Lakes are reached. From the mouth of the Detroit River there is a chain of islands in sight of one another which stretch entirely across Lake Erie to Sandusky Bay and the mouth of the Sandusky River, and this was the route of the Indians across Lake Erie in fair weather. These islands afforded lodging places in the case of sudden storms and bad weather, and so made it comparatively safe for the Indians to cross Lake Erie in their canoes in the summer season, which was the season when they went to war and on their marauding expeditions. So it will be seen that nature had provided a direct waterway from the ISTorthern Lakes to the Ohio River by way of the Sandusky and the Scioto, over which the operations of war and the avocations of the chase were carried on for centuries by the Indians, and probably at a still more remote period by other races of men who preceded them in the occupation of this portion of the country. * * * * * ^ * 84 A.-^ illustrating- the fierce nature of the confliets between the liibes north of the Ohio and those south of it in times past, it is an inipoi-tant fact that no tribes lived along the banks of that ri\'er or ])ernianently occupied the contiguous territory. The Ohio, as it flowed through the wilderness, was and has always been considered one of the most beautiful rivers on the globe, and its banks presented every allurement to, and advantage of, permanent occupation. Yet, there was not on it from its source to its mouth, a distance of more than a thousand miles, a single wigwam or structure in the nature of a permanent abode. General William Henry Harrison, in his address before the His- torical Society of Ohio, says: "Of all this immense territory, the most beautiful portion was unoccupied. jSTumerous villages were to be found on the Scioto and the headwaters of the two Miamis of the Ohio; on the ]\Iiami of the Lake (the Maumee) and its southern tribu- taries and throughout the whole course of the Wabash, at least as low as the present town of Vincemies ; but the beautiful Ohio rolled its amber tide until it paid its tribute to the father of waters through an unbroken solitude. At and before that time and for a century after, its banks were without a town or single village or even a single cottage, the curling smoke of whose chimneys would give the promise of comfort and refreshment to a weary traveler." This was the result of the long and fierce struggle which was wae'ed between the Indians north of the Ohio and those south of it. Its banks were not safe for permanent occupation by any of the Indian tribes. Even the vast and fertile territory of Kentucky was not, so far as known or as tradition informs us, the permanent abode of any considerable number of red men. It was indeed a dark and bloody ground long before its occu- pancy by the white men. In that territory there were great numbers of buffalo and wild deer and other game which made it a most desirable hunting ground, and hither came the Cliero- kees and Chickasaws of the south, as also the tribes north of the Ohio, to hunt and to obtain salt, and to wage war with each other; but it was not the permanent abode of any considerable number of any of these tribes. It was rather a battle ground 85 and scat (»t' conflict l)et\vcen the nortliorn and soutliern tribes whicli liad liccn waged for a long period of time. * v:- * w ^^ * * The Sci(»to Tiiver was originally of great inii»ortance, not only to the Fndians, hnt to the early white settlers. The first sur- veyors and the first settlers came to this vicinity in canoes, the Scioto then being well suited for canoe navigation. Tn a memorial to the Sullivant family prepared hy the late .rosei)h Sullivant will he found (page 111) an interesting nar- THE SITE ON WHICH LUCA.S SULLIVANT'S FIRST STORE WAS LOCATED. ration of his father's exp(U'i(Mice on one of his eai'ly tri])s to this locaHty. He had instrnctcd the men who had preceded him in canoes to leave one for him at the mouth of what is now the Olentangy river. He came throngh the forest on foot, and found the canoe, which had ])een left according to his instruc- tion. It was towards evening when he pushed it into the Scioto and started u\) that stream for the niouth of ^fill Creek, where 86 liis pai'ty was in wait for him. He soon perceived that lie was bein£>' followed by Indians along the north hank of the river and as the times were turbulent he was apprehensive for his own safety. By the time he had propelled his canoe as far as the island in the bend of the river at the stone quarries it had be- come dark, and he went upon the island as if intending to camp for the night. He pretended to build a fire but so managed that it made only smoke. When it was sufficiently dark he took his compass and gun and quietly waded out from the is- land to the west bank of the river, and thus escaped his pursuers. ■X- * * -x- * * * All the tribes in Ohio had practically the same government or tribal organization, although they may have differed in many details. In the social organization of the Wyandots there were four groups — the family, the gens, the phratry and the tribe. The family was the household. It consisted of the persons who occupied one lodge or wigwam. The gens were composed of consanguineal kindred of the female line. The woman is the •head of the family and "carries the gens," and each gens has the name of some animal. Among the Wyandots there were eleven gentes, namely: Deer, Bear, Striped Turtle, Black Tur- tle, Mud Turtle, Smooth Large Turtle, Hawk, Beaver, Wolf, Sea Snake and Porcupine. A tribe is a body of kindred, and to be a member of the tribe it was necessary to belong to some family or to be adopted into some a family. The white captives were often adopted into families and given the relationship of the family. The phratry pertained to medical and religious rites and observances. There was practically a complete separation of the military from the social government. The councils and chiefs in the social government were selected by a council of women from the male members of the gens. The Sachem of the tribe or tribal chief was chosen by the chiefs of the gentes. In their grand councils the heads of the households of the tribe and all the leading men of the tribe took part. These general councils were conducted with great cere- mony. The Sachem explained the object for which the council was assembled and then each person was at liberty to express 87 liis opinion as to what was proper or best to be done. If a ma- jority of the council agreed the Sachem did not speak, but simply announced the decision. In case there was an ecjual division of sentiment, the Sachem was expected to speak. It was consid- ered dishonorable for a man to reverse his opinion after he had once expressed it. The wife had her separate property, which consisted of every- thing in tlie lodge or wigwam, except the implements of war and the chase, which belonged to the men. Each gens had a right to the service of all its available male members in avenging wrongs and in times of war. They also had a right to their services as hunters in supplying game to the villages. In times of need or scarcity whatever game was brought to the camp or village was fairly divided among all present. The military council was composed of all the able- bodied men of the tribe. Each gens had a right to the seiwice of all the able-bodied women in the cultivation of the soil. It was considered beneath the dignity of the Indian hunter or warrior to labor in the fields or to perform manual labor outside of what pertained to war and the chase. The children assisted the women in the cultivation of the crops, which consisted mostly of corn, although they also cultivated beans and peas, and in some parts of Ohio at least they had a kind of potato which the captives among the Indians say, "when peeled and dipped in coon's fat or bear's fat, tasted like our own sweet potatoes." They also made considerable use of nuts and berries, partic- ularly of the walnut and hickory nut and black haw, all of which were found in almost every part of the state. The cran- berry was also found in certain places and much used. The Mingo Indians at this point cultivated the rich bottom land between Franklinton and the river, which was subject to annual overflows, so that it was constantly enriched and yielded most abundant returns for the labor bestowed upon it. * * * ' * * * * Their great annual occasion was the corn festival. For this festival the hunters supi)li('(l the game from the forests and the women the green corn and vegetables from the fields. On this occasion they not only feasted themselves with plenty, but 88 made otferinj^s and did liomage to the Great Spirit for liis bless- ings. At this festival each year the coiineil of women of the gens selected the names of the children born during the pre- vious year and the chiefs of the gens proclaimed these names at the festival. These names could not lie (dianged, but an addi- tional name might be acxpiired by some act of bravery which might reflect honor upon the person. -;;■ * -X- * * -X- -X- The crimes generally recognized and punished by the Ohio tril)es were murder, treason, theft, adultery and witchcraft. In case of nuirder it was the duty of the gentile chiefs of the of- euder's gens to examine the facts for themselves, and if they failed to settle the matter it was the duty of the nearest rela- tive to avenge the wrong. Theft was punished by twofold restitution. Treason consisted of revealing the secrets of the. medicine ]n'eparations, as well as giving information or assistance to the enemy, and was punished by death. Witchcraft was also punishable by death, either hx stabbing, bui'ning or with the tomahawk. At late as June, IS 10, Thief Leatherlips (Shateyaronyah), an aged chief of the Wyandots, was executed under the charge of witchcraft in this country. He was disi)atche(l with a tomahawk. For the first offense of adultery in a woman her hair was cro]>ped; for re})eated offenses her left car was cut off. Outlawry was also recognized among most of the tribes and consisted of two grades. If convicted of the lowest grade and the man thereafter committed similar crimes, it was lawful for any person to kill him. In outlawry of the highest grade it was the duty of any member of the tribe who might meet the offender to kill him. * ^ * * * * * AVhen the Indians determined upon a war expedition they usually observed the war dance and then started for their ob- jective |)oint. They did not move in a comjjact body, but broke n]) into small parties, each of which would take a different way to a common point of assembly. This was necessary, as they had to subsist upon the game which they might be able to take 89 wliilc oil the way, ami it was ditiicult, if not impossible, to se- cure liiiiiic sntlicieiit to sustain a lari2,e nuuiber of warriors on auv (lue line of ti'avel. Tliev traveled li^lit and fast, and this maile rlieui dau^d'ous as eueiines. Tliev would sti'ike when not ex])eeted and disappear as su(hlenly and ipiiekly as thev had ap[)eared. In this wav thev were able to subsist and elude pur- suit. STAI'.LE WHERE GEN. HARRISON KEPT HIS HORSE, 1812 KJ, SINCE MADE INTO DWELLING HOUSE. Their eai)tives in war and in their forays were sometimes shot, sometimes burned, sometimes adopted into a family and converted into Indians. The white captives as a rule soon ac- (piired the woodcraft and habits of their captors. Some of them became inveterate and active foes of the white man. Simon (iirty may be mentioned as an exmaple of this class. He was 90 called the "White Indian." He was celebrated for his cunning and craftiness, and no Indian surjiassed him in these qualities. He is often and usually cited as an example of extreme cruelty, but it is said in truth that he saved many captives from death, and it is probable that injustice has been done to him by inac- curate and prejudiced writers. v»* TT vr w w w TV" It was in the summer season that the Indians congregated in their village. That was also the season when they went to war or on their forays against the white settlers. In the winter season the villages were practically deserted, as it was their custom to separate into small parties, usually that of the near relatives, or, as we would say, members of the household, in- cluding the old men, women and children. They would go into different localities and select a spot, usually along f. stream of water or by the side of a lake or spring, where in the autumn or early winter thev would erect a lodgment where the old men, women and children might sojourn through the winter. The hunters would then separate and go in different directions and select a place or camp from which to hunt aud trap, so as not to impinge upon each other, always keeping relation with the main camp or lodge, to which they supplied meat for sub- sistence. They would, of course, change these camps accord- ing to their pleasure or their necessities, but at the end of the season they would gather the results of their winter's hunt and proceed back to their villages. It was their custom dur- ing the hunting season to collect the fat of the beaver, the raccoon and the bear and to secure it in the paunches or entrails of large animals, which the women had prepared for that purpose; and this was transported or conveyed to their villages for future use. They also made sugar in the spring of the year when the sap began to ran, and this they also put into the entrails of animals for preservation and transportation to their summer vil- lages. This sugar they mixed with the fat of the bear and that of other animals aud cooked it with the green corn and such vege- tables as they had, and thus made what they considered a most savory food. They were often reduced to great distress for want of food, 91 and often died from hunger and exposure. They were not only improvident, but they had no means of securing large stores of provisions for future use, and never acquired the art of so doing. When they had plenty they would use with extravagance and improvidence; but they were capable of enduring great hunger and fatigue. It was common for the Indians to be days without food of any kind, but they seem never to have profited by such experiences. The time when they were most likely to be dis- tressed for want of food was in the winter, when a crust would be formed upon the snow, so that when in walking such a noise was made as to scare the game before them. It was almost impossible for them to take deer, buffalo, or other wild game under such circumstances. They were then required to depend upon finding bear or coon trees. These their quick and practiced eye would soon detect when they came across them, but they were not always easily found, and it was often days before they would come upon one of them. They often saved themselves from starvation by digging hickory nuts, walnuts and other nuts out from under the snow. ******* The territory of Ohio furnished an ideal home for the In- dians. The climate was excellent, and the streams abounded with fish and the forests with game. The red deer was abun- dant and the buffalo and elk were found in considerable num- bers in certain portions of the state. These and other large ani- mals furnished food for the Indians, and their hides furnished covering for their lodges and glothing for their persons. The waters of the state at certain seasons of the year were alive with mynads of wild fowl, of which we can now have no conception as to numbers. These added greatly to the sustenance of the Indians. I^o portion of the country was more favorable for forest life. After the settlement at Franklinton it soon became a trad- ing point for the Indians particularly the Wyandots, and tb hunters of this tribe continued to maintain their hunting camps along the Scioto and other streams of Franklin county for sev- eral years after the war of 1812 was closed. I have often heard from my father, David Taylor, who came to this country in 1807, 92 that tlicy came to Inint in tliis county as late as 1820; and one linntcr in particular, with whom my father was well acquainted and who was known to the white people by the name of ''Billy Wyandot," maintained his camp every winter at the first ravine north of the IN'ational Koad on the west bank of Walnut Creek, where there was, and now is, a fine spring-. ****** -x- On the 21st of June, 1813, there was a great council of the chiefs and ])rincipal men of the Wyandot, Delaware, Shawnee and Seneca tribes, about fifty in number, held in Franklinton to meet General Harrison in a conference about the war then in progress. James B. Gardiner, who was then the editor and proprietor of a weekly paper published in Franklinton, called the Freeman's Chronicle, was present, and in the next issue of his paper, which was on the 25tli of June, 1813, he made a re- jKirt of this conference. We have in our possession a copy of that paper, and believing it to be the only one in existence, we (piote from it as follows: After some preliminary remarks of a gen- eral character. General Harrison said to the Indians: ''That in order to give the United States a guarantee of their good dis- jiositions the friendly tribes should either move with their fam- ilies into the settlements, or their warriors should accompany him in the ensuing campaign and fight for the Ignited States To this i)roj)osal the warriors present unanimously agreed, and observed that they had long been anxious for an opportunity to fight for the Americans." The editor adds: "We cannot recollect the precise remarks that were made bv the chiefs who spoke; but Tarhe (the Crane), who is the ])rinci])al chief of the WS'andots and the oldest Indian in the western wilds, ap peared to represent the whole assembly and professed in the name of the friendly tribes the most indissoluble attadiment, for the American government and a determination to adhere to the treaty of Greenville." "The General promised to let the several tribes know when lie would want their services and further cautioned them that all who went with him must conform to his mode of warfare; not to kill or injure old men, women, children nor prisoners. * * * The General then informed the chief of the agreement made 93 by Proctor to deliver liim to Tecumseh in case the British suc- ceeded in taking Fort Aloigs; and i)roniis(Hl them that if he should be successful he would deliver ]*roctor into their hands on condition — that tliey should do him no other liarm than to put a petticoat on him. 'For,' said he, 'none hut a coward or a squaw would kill a prisoner.' 'V\w council 1)roke up in the after- noon and the Indians dejiartcd next day for their respective towns." It will be remend)ered in this connection in the last days of April, 1813, General Harrison was concentrating his troops for battle with the English under General Proctor and the Indians under Tecumseh at Fort Meigs, at the rapids of the Maumee. The English and Indians undertook to surprise him and take the fort before the main body of the American troops had ar- rived. They laid siege to Fort Meigs with great determination, but were finally defeated and compelled to abandon the enter- prise. It was to encourage the Indians to valor at this siege that General Proctor made his promise to them to deliver Gen- eral Harrison into the hands of Tecumseh if he should be suc- cessful in reducing the fort. ******* In a report made by General Harrison to the Secretary of War, March 22nd, 1814, he says: "The Wyandots, of San- dusky, have adhered to us throughout the war. Their chief, the Crane, is a venerable, intelligent and upright man." In the same report, speaking of Black-Hoof, AVolf and Lewis, all Shaw- nee chiefs, he says: "They are attached to us from principles as well as interest. — They are all honest men." Through the influence of Crane, Leatherlips and others, the Wyandots of Sandusky refused to take part in the war, but the Wyandots of Detroit were led away by the influences of their chiefs, Walk-in-the-AVater and Eoundhead, and other turbulent spirits, and furnished more than 100 warriors to Tecumseh and the English under Proctor, but were utterly defeated at the Bat- tle of the Thames in October, 1813, and their leader killed and their military power broken. ******* It is not (piite ir)0 years since the first white man of which 94 we have knowledge passed this locality. In 1751 Christopher Gist, accompanied by George (^rcnightan and Andrew Montour, passed over the Indian trail from the forks of the Ohio, to the In- dian towns on the Miami. Gist was the agent of an English and Virginia Land company. On January I7th, 1751, he and his party were at the great swamp in what is now Licking county, known to us as the ''Pigeon Roost," or "Bloody Run Swamp," which is five miles northwest from the Licking Reservoir and one- half mile south of the line of the National Road. From thence they proceeded to the Miami towns, which were in the region of Xenia and Springfield. This trail led them over or very near to the site of Columbus. We have reason to believe that they crossed the Scioto at or near the mouth of the Olentangy. * * * * « -X- * The next white man that we know of who did certainly pass along the Scioto river and visit this vicinity, Avas James Smith, who was a captive among the Indians and who hunted and camped with them on the Darby somewhere in the neighborhood of Plain City as early as 1757. What is now called the Darby was then the Olentangy, and Smith with his Indian companions hunted and trapped along the Darby and the Scioto, both in the winter of 1757 and 1758. In his narrative we learn that at the end of the first winter's hunt they made a bark canoe and started down the Olentangy (now the Darby), but as the water was low they were required to wait for high water somewhere almost directly west from here, where the Chief Tecaughretanego, after having made his ablutions, prayed to the Great Spirit as follows: "Grant that on this voyage we may frequently kill bears as they may cross the Scioto and Sandusky. Grant that we may kill plenty of turkeys along the banks to stew with our fat bear meat. Grant that rain may come to raise the Olentangy about two or three feet that we may cross in safety down to Scioto without danger to our canoe being wrecked on the rocks; and now, O Great Being, thou knowest how matters stand; thou knowest I am a great lover of tobacco, and though I know not when I may get any more, I now make a present of the last I have unto thee as a free burnt offering; therefore, I expect thou wilt hear and grant these requests, and I thy servant will return thee thanks 95 and love thee for thy gifts." — James Smith's Captivity, page 96. In a few days the rains did come and raised the Olentangy so that they passed safely down to its eonfliience with the Scioto at the present town of Circleville, from which point they passed up the Scioto and over into the Sandusky and on to Lake Erie and Detroit, where their stock of furs, which they had taken during the winter, was disposed of to traders. The next year they hunted along the Scioto and Olentangy, and the following year he escaped back to his home in Virginia. He was the first man to describe the country and the character of the land and the forests along the Scioto. Speaking of the country along the Scioto from Circleville up to the carry in Marion county, he says : ''From the mouth of Olentangy on the east side of Scioto up to carrying place there is a large body of first and second rate land and tolerably well watered. The timber is ash, sugar tree, wal- nut, locust, oak and beech." In so far as we. know or can dis- cover, this is the first description ever written of the country where Columbus now stands. Just when the Darby obtained its new name and lost its Indian name of Olentangy is not known, but it was as early as the year 1796, as we know by the early sur- veys along that stream. The new name was no doubt given to it by the early surveyors. On the 10th of May, 1803, the court convened in Frank- linton with John Dill, chief judge, and David Jamison and Joseph Foos, associate judges, who were attended by Lucas Sulli- vant, clerk of the court. They then proceeded to lay off Frank- lin Coimty into four Townships as required by an act of the Legis- lature of the State of Ohio. It was by that order that all of that part of Franklin county within the following limits was em- braced, to wit: "Beginning at the forks of Darby creek (now Georgesville) nmning thence south to the line between the coun- ties of Ross and Franklin ; thence east with said line till it inter- sects the Scioto river; thence up the same till it comes to a point one mile on a straight line above the mouth of Roaring Run (Hayden's Falls) ; and from thence to the point of beginning to constitute the township to be called Franklin township." This included the territory on which we are assembled today. * ^f * * * * * 96 In the year IS-'iS C^olonel James Ivilboiirne, then being a mem- ber of the Legishitiire of Oliio, liad an aet passed giving Indian names to a number of streams in Central Ohio and by that act substituted the name of Oh'ntangy for tiie then common name of Whetstone. The original Indian name t)f the ])resent Olen- tangv was Keenhong-She-Con, or Whetstone creek. (See American Pioneer, YoL I, p. 55.) One of the reasons stated in the act for changing tlie names ^vas that some of tlieni were "devoid of mocU'sty." A stream in the eastern part of the county now generally called Big W^alnut was by the early white settlers called "Big Belly," and by this act the name was changed to Gahannah. The Indian name of that stream was W^hingy-Mahoni-Sepung or Big Lick creek. The Indian name of what is now called Alum creek was Seeklic- Sepung or Salt Lick creek. Tbe term "Sepung" Avas always added to the name proper of a running stream and means running water, and was api)lied to all running streams. ******* Immediately after the peace of ISl-t, the settlers began to arrive in Franklin county and Central Ohio in considerable num- bers. The Indians continued to trade at Franklinton and Co- lumbus and to maintain their hunting camps along the various streams of the county, being at peace with the white settlers. Al)out the year 1820 game had become scarce and the Indians ceased to hunt so far south as Franklin county. In 1830 the Congress and Senate of the Fnited States adopted a policy for the removal of the Indians to the west of the Mississippi river and passed a law entitled: "An act to provide for an exchange of lands with the Indians residing within any of the states or terri- tories, and for their removal west of the river Mississippi." This was approved by the President of the United States May 28th, 1830, and pursuant to its general provisions all the Indian tribes were remoA'ed from Ohio to the west of the Mississippi within the next few years, and the State of Ohio after centuries of occupancy by the red race ceased forever to be the home of the Indian. 97 AMUSEMENT FEATUKES. As the (lay advanced, the crowd upon the grounds increased. The demand for transportation from the city to the grounds was exceptional. The street railway company put forth its utmost endeavors, but was unable to carry all the people who desired to participate in the exercises. Carriages and conveyances of all kinds were called into service, but many were still unaccommo- dated and, weary of waiting, went home or turned their atten- tion to other matters. As it was, fully 10,000 people were upon the grounds, enjoying the aquatic and hippodrome sports which were repeated with some variations and, on the whole, in much better form than on the first day. The fii-st event on the lake was walking the greased pole. A pole thirty feet long extended from the high bank, about fifteen feet from the water. At the end hung a crate containing a hundred and seventy-five pound pig. Six men essayed to walk the slippery pole and touch the lever which let the pig into the water; but their efforts only resulted in a plunge into the lake. AVill Coughlin, .329 West ToAvn street, was the lucky man, free- ing the pig and diving for him in the water. He won the pig and a box of cigars, given by F. Smith. Kichard Owens gave an exhibition of fancy swimming. His fine diving and difficult feats in the water elicited great applause. His work was the best feature of the aquatic sports. The 50-yard Svvimming on the back was won by Charles Shields, 171 West Long, with his brother Will a good second. The prize was a gilt clock by Harrington & Co. There were about ten entries for this event and it was hotly contested throughout. The long dive was won by Charles Shields, the winer of the back swim. He made a wonderful dive, swimming under water half way across the lake, about thirty yards. The tub race was won by David O'Rourke, 161 West Capital. A number of the participants capsized, to the great amusement of the crowd. The last event of the water sports was the watermelon grab. The melons were thrown into the lake and a race made for them. Will Shields and George Boyer secured the melons. Samuel Droch, of 112 East Rich street, one of the boys who was swimming around the lake met with a severe accident. He 98 stepped on a piece of broken bottle, which liad been thrown in tlie lake. His foot was so badly cut up that he had to be removed to his home in the ambulance. An accident which might have been serious occurred at the track durine; the Roman chariot race. One of four horses driven by ''CJomanche Charley" Brennan stumbled and partly falling, was dragged some distance. The others, being turned somewhat from their course, dashed on until they collided with a pole on the edge of the track. One of the horses Avas severely cut and the driver was hurled violently forward, sustaining a bad wound at the knee. The historical tableaux were repeated and were witnessed by fully 5000 people and to much better advantage, as the stage had been moved to the mound where the speaking had taken place. Among those who participated in the tableaux was Miss Carol Gillespie, a great-granddaughter of David and Rachel Deardurff, who came to Franklin in 1798. Miss Gillespie was attired in the identical costume worn by her great-grandmother a century ago. The dress, cap, kerchief and breastpin are all heirlooms in the family. Miss Gillespie also impersonated an Indian girl in a subsequent tableau. Judge Samuel J. Swartz and Mr. John J. Chester took part in the tableaux also. Mr. Chester was one of the jolly corn buskers and was lucky enough to find the red ear, which entitled him to a kiss from the prettiest girl. He was equal to the occasion. Little Harvey Wygat, aged 13 months, whose home is on Chapel street, filled the role of the infant child which is stolen by Indians, and Harry Coit, aged nine years, of 1063 Pennsylvania avenue, was the other juvenile participant. The fireworks display, the last of the centennial, was also the best. The grounds were well lighted by electricity and the peo- ple, even after the close of the entertainment, lingered to enjoy the scene. CHAPTER V. THE THIRD (PIONEERS') DAY — OFFICIAL PROGRAM. 10 a. m. — Platform exercises at centennial grounds, Colonel (_T. S. Innis, chairman. jMnsic, mass cliorus, "Buckeye Pio- neers," composed for this occasion, words by O. C. Hooper; music by Mrs. Ella May Smith; introduction of chairman, Hon. D. J. Clahane; addresses, Judge John M. Pugli, Hon. B. F. Martin and others; music, mass chorus, Keller's American Hymn; ad- dress, Hon. John J. Lentz, member of congress; music, mass chorus; doxology; mass chorus. 3 p. m. — -Acjuatie sports and scientific swimming; Roman chariot races; bicycle races; trick elephant; aerial acts. 4 p. m. — Sham battle between Indians and settlers represent- ing an attack on a frontier fort. 8 p. m. — Historic tableaux; aerial acts; balancing and flying trapeze acts. The heat on the third day of the centennial was intense. More rlian any earthly personage. Old Sol made himself felt, and the perspiring early comers to the gTounds immediately sought the shade. But the crush of people continued as before and the transportation facilities, though improved somewhat as a result of the preceding day's experience, were again put to a severe test. It was Pioneers' day and a large number of the older residents were upon the grounds and, during the platform exercises, occu- pied favored positions near the speakers. There were 10,000 people on the grounds at 10 o'clock when Judge Gilbert H. Stewart, acting as chairman instead of Colonel G. S. Innis, who was ill, called the meeting to order. The Four- teenth regiment band played an inspiring air and then the mass 100 chorus of men and women singers, accompanied by the band, rendered Keller's "American Hymn," a change having been made in the program in order that the special song of the day might be heard by the late comers. The chorus, which was led by Pro- fessor W. H, Lott, sang with magnificent effect. Following is a list of the singers composing the chorus : First Tenor — D. B. Jones, M. Friley, G. Jennings, J. C. Stim- mel, T. Boyles, W. S. Potter, J. D. Lott, Chris Walz, E. S. Howard, D. E. Owens, W. Chenoweth, H. Herzog, W. Howard, Charles Schofield, John Farmer, H. Lippert. Second Tenor — F. Overdeir, H. Beau, L. Godman, J. P. Bowles, H. E. Fuller, J. H. Fleming, C. E. Warren, W. G. Sackett, H. G. Knoderer, F. Bryan, F. Lauterbach, H. Patterson, T. B. Galloway, W. H. Hain, A. P. Hillery, Doc Havens, F. Whittaker. Soprano — Edith Seymour, Ida Eckart, Emelie Renz, Mamie G. Beynon, Clara Miller, Belle Sadler, Mrs. W. A. Brush, Miss Emma Hamill, Caddie Shirey, Mrs. Frank Smith, Blanche John- son, Lulu P. Henry, Mrs. Harry ISTeff, Miss Sue Grinson, Mrs. H. C. Rowland, Miss Chrissie Zollinger, lona Frankenberg, Anna Arnold, Zelma Fulkerson, Dell Kyner, Emma Bryler, Alice Trimble, Martha McElroy, Jessie Crane and Effie Beach. Alto — Rica Hyneman, Ernestine Ivarger, Edith Ryan, lillie Wheeler, Glade Williamson, Arlin Williamson, M. Roberta Wheeler, May Henry, Margaret Darby, Ella Lisetor, Alice Over- dier, Anna M. Grimm, Edith Bach, Lillian Immel, Anne G. Sherman, Lilly M. Hickey, Clara S. Pirsig, Finita E. Ritter, Bass— Benjamin Reynolds, Carleton Wright, John Crane, C. Soman, A. L. Frey, J. H. McDerment, E. A. Schroth, W. L. Van Sickle, R. Gilbert Warner, George Brent, Will Brent, J. H. Ran- som, John R. Beynon, C. Graumann. HON. B. F. MARTIN'S SPEECH. Judge John M. Pugh, who was to have been the first speak- er was, owing to illness, unable to be present, and so the first regular speaker of the day was Hon, B. F. Martin who, on being introduced by Chairman D. J. Clahane, said that ho had no pre- pared address to deliver on this occasion. During the previous 101 days of this celebration, said J\lr. Martin, you have heard many eloquent, truthful and well-prepared addresses upon the early and first settlement of the village of Franklinton and its sur- roundings, notably the address of our fellow-citizen, General John Beatty, replete with historic facts, beautiful in thought and forcible in expression, and so exhaustive of the subject that little can be said by the impromptu speaker which has not already been said. In fact, the important events connected with the early set- tlement of this (Franklin) county have been published and re- published in book form entitled histories, and have been pro- claimed from many platforms by many public speakers. The historic event which we now here celebrate is the 100th anni- versary of the first settlement of Franklinton, which in some re- spects limits and localizes the boundaries of our ambition; and let me say right here, that to Mr. Dennis Clahane and his able co-workers we are indebted for the inauguration and completion of this successful celebration, which brings the present genera- tion in thought and touch with the events and the persons who in- habited this locality one hundred years ago. The honored name and revered memory of Lucas Sullivant, the founder of the set- tlement and town of Franklinton, will be cherished so long as people shall inhabit this region of country, and the art preserva- tive exists; and linked with his noble efforts and of equal import- ance to the establishment of a town, and to the civilization and happiness of those who might thereafter inhabit it, the historian gives us the familiar names of the Dixons, Skidmores, Brickells, Armstrongs, Domigans, Deardurffs, McElvains, Foos, Sells, Overdiers and others and later on of the Swans, Parsons, Stewarts, "Brothertons and many others as early settlers and co-laborers of the new town. Among these pioneers, all occupations and all professions were worthily represented, and so the foundations of Franklinton and its immediate "^acinity were laid broad and deep, and so well equipped did the little town start on its mis- sion that today we behold it an important and beautiful part of our great and growing city of Columbus. But what now of its founder and early settlers? Amid all the privations incident to the settlement of a new country they faith- fullv and heroicallv discharged all the duties of citizenship ac- 102 coi'diiii;- to tlio best lights before tlieiii, and all have passed to the great hejoiid — leaving nearbv their entoni])ed dust; and a reeord fidl of nol)le thoughts and good deeds for our instruction and imitation. Pioneers of Franklin countv, I am glad to meet you on this occasion, and glad to look upon the faces of these gray-haired men and women. Many of you are descendants, near and re- mote, of the early settlers of Franklinton and its vicinity, whose noble efforts to found a town and to s])read civilization and civil government over and about it were crowned with su(di marked success that we may well rejoice in the attained result. Finally, be it ours, and that of our children, and our (diildren's children, with the increased facilities which may from time to time ajDpear, to take up the battle of life and industriously to labor for the promotion of knowledge — for a higher type of civilization and for the increase of happiness to all of human kind. THE CENTENNIAL SONG. At the conclusion of Mr. Martin's remarks, the mass chorus sang the song, "The Buckeye Pioneers," which was written espe- cially for the occasion, the words by Mr. Osnian (\ Hooper and the music by Mrs. Ella May Smith. The words of the song follow : THE BUCKEYE PIONEERS. Fair Buckeye land, we sing your praise And bare our heads to them Who lived and wrought in other days, And framed your diadem. Their handiwork none can forget; The jewels of the years AVould in your crown be still unset But for the pioneers. Chorus — Then a song for the pioneers, The praise of a hundred years, For the women true and the brave men who Were the pioneers. 103 They blazed their way througli forests deep A hundred years ago, And in the trusty rifle's keep They braved a wily foe. They felled the nionarchs of the wood, They tilled the fertile plain. Kind heaven saw and called it good And made earth laugh with grain. Chorus — With latchstring out, the cabin door Gave greeting unto friend. To live was good, but it was more To succor or defend. And here in every breast there beat A heart to country true. Which clad with strength the hurrying feet When this old Hag was new. Chorus — Undaunted they by any foe If red in coat or face, Uncon([uered still their spirits grow And give us of their grace, And here where toiled the pioneers There rises now elate The glory of a hundred yeai*s. The beauteous Buckeye state. Chorus — The song was admirably rendered, and was nnich enjoyed by the pioneers in whose honor it was written and none the less by the great throng of a younger generation, REMARKS BY REV. J. 11. CREIGHTO^t Rev, J. 11. Creighton, of Lithopolis, was then introduced. Said he: My father came from the south of Ireland when he was 19 years old. He could neither read nor write, but fell in company with an Irish weaver, one of Wesley's men, and sat by his loom during one winter Avhere he learned reading, writing, arithmetic and surveving. 104 This early iguoraiice was no fault of his, for, where he came from the inhabitants mostly live in mud cabins, smoke poor to^ bacco, drink bad whisky, sleep with their dog's and swear at the government. Neither was it any want of ability, for when he came to hai)py America (as he often called it) he became one of the best teachers and scholars in the country. He came to Franklinton about the same time that Lucas Siillivant came, and became one of Snllivant's surveyors. I cannot give the dates, but it was about a century ago. My father had the first store in Franklinton. Ilis (diief customers were Indians. They were gentlemen in blankets, supported by the government without work — had an aversion to labor because, as they said, it was a disgrace to work (women excepted). To this day they hold to this, and to this day the government supports them, or most of them. This is no reflection on the Indian as a race, for any race living without work w^ill be a race of vagabonds. I heard my father say that he used to hunt his cow in the woods where High street is now. It was a dense forest of beech trees, and he could walk from one end of High street to the other on beech roots. But as this is Pioneers' day I will speak of three pioneers — three mighty men — men that I knew personally. James Gilruth lived in Franklinton while the soldiers were encamped here, and he was himself a soldier. He was a giant, with the size and strength of two or three common men. Several things have been said about his wonderful feats. Some of these are exaggerated, but those I relate are true. I can only mention a few. While the soldiers w^ere in line in or near Franklinton a large athletic man walked along the line holding a five-dollar bill by one end offering to bet it against any man for a wrestle or a foot race, the commander saying at the same time, "Any man accepting this banter may step two paces in front." James Gilruth stepped forward. The soldiers were soon formed in a hollow square to see the wrestlers. In half a minute Gilruth downed his antagonist and walked away amid the cheers of his fellows-soldiers. Long years after this while Gilruth was traveling a circuit (Pickerington, T think,) he heard of this man, and went to see him. After talking over old times, Gilruth took out a five-dollar bill and said he had often wanted to pay that back, but the man positively refused it. 105 111 those carlv days the camp meetings were sometimes greatly disturbed and even ])roken up by tlie rowdies. But when Gih'utli was about no eonstables were needed. His plan was to go out in the night among the ruffians and find out the ringleader, then put one of his tremendous arms around him and bring him into eamp. T was present onee when a rowdy was brought in. There was an old stump partly decayed which somewhat filled up the passage way where the men were coming. This stumii was torn away with a crash as they passed — the seats and everything in the way had to give way. It was like a big river steamer towing a flatboat. The man was almost out of breath, but had strength enough to say: "Who are you? You must be Gilruth that I have heard of." This took place almost in the dark, for in those days we used tallow candles. Gilruth went to a mill for a barrel of flour. The miller asked him if he had any way to take it. "I will carry it," said he. Said the miller, "If you do, I will give it to you." "Very well, then," said Gilruth, "I will take two at that rate." Said the miller, "I would rather offer you two than one if you will carry them home." So he took one under each arm and walked home. I suppose, however, that afterwards he paid for the flour. Some of the citizens here remember the old court house, not like the stately edifice now across the river, but a pretty tall build- ing for the times. Gilruth on several occasions threw a five- pound axe clear over the steeple. I could recite several other feats of his wonderful power. I have no doubt but he could enfold Fitzsimmons with one of his arms and silence him without much blood. It must not be inferred from what T have said that Gilruth was a bully or fond of strife. He was as kind and gentle as St. John, but in those days some of our pioneer preachers had to suspend Scripture reasons and arguments long enough to use a little argmmentum baculinum — not lex talionis, but in self-de- fense and of necessity. Gilruth was a man of great personal dignity, udng but few words, but well chosen. Another mightv pioneer that I knew was James Freeman. Tie was a great fighter in his young days and canned the scars of conflict on his forehead even to old age. But heainng the Gospel at a camp meeting, the lion was turned into a lamb. Wlien I 106 knew liiiu about fifty years ago lie lived in a little town on the Ohio river called Rome. By common consent he kept order in and about the church. After a while they called him "the pope." His mode of keeping order was like that of Gilruth. When a disorderly man was to be (]uieted, Freeman would put his arms around him and make for the door. I remember once, as I was preaching in Rome, "the pope" arose to his feet and stretching his long and powerful arm toward some young men said, "Young men, now I'll have one of you on my hip in a few minutes if you are not immediately quiet." Soon after his conversion he went up into the hill country of Brush creek to attend a religious pro- tracted meeting. When he went into the church it so happened that he took his seat by a drunken rowdy who was disturbing the meeting by speaking aloud and annoying the preacher. Free- man told him to be still, and listen to the speaker, but this only made the ruffian worse. "I^ow," says Freeman, "I am a stranger here, but if you don't dry up I'll have you on my hip in a minute." The man said, "Who are you?" and kept on talking audibly, whereupon Freeman threw his arm around him and made for the door, tearing through the congregation, upsetting seats amid screaming women and general confusion, landing the fellow out- side with a few digs in the ribs to settle him. Most of the people, and also the preacher, thought they were both drunk, but a man from Rome soon told who he was and that was a way he had of keeping order. I remember my first round on that circuit. When I went to Rome I called on Freeman, who met me cordi- ally. He then called to his wife, "Eliza, come here. Come and see our new preacher." As he eyed me from head to foot, he said to his wife, "Well, he is rather a poor pattern to look at, but we will wait to see how he can preach. May be he is a singed cat." Another pioneer that I knew who traveled in his young days in some of the roughest parts of Ohio, was Charles Fergison. Fie was a very eloquent man and drew large crowds to hear him. In stature and strength he was only second to Gilruth. On a certain occasion while preaching to a mountain congregation a drunken man came swaggering in up towards the speaker, talking aloud as he came. Looking at Furgison, he said, "You are the great Furgison! You are the feller that they say can raise the dead!" 107 "Xo," says Furgisoii, "I can't raise the dead, but I can cast out devils." Suiting his action to his words he seized the fellow by the collar and put him out of the house. Then he returned and finished his sermon. These men liavc all ])ass('d away, but they did lay the founda- tion for a great church and a better state of society. Before closing I wish to briefly mention another kind of pioneer with M'hom I was for some time associated — W. S. Sulli- vant — well known and greatly honored in all this country. Tie was a true scientist and was a cotemporary with many of the greatest botanists of this country. He was by far the greatest bryologist in this country. He pursued the subject con amore. He spared neither time nor money to advance the science of botany, especially in the department of ferns and mosses. 1 can only mention a single incident. He told me that if I would go to a certain little pond in the Pickaway plains I would find one of the most beautiful plants on this continent. (It was then thought that the ]^elumbium luteum was found nowhere else in Ohio.') He asked me to go and get a specimen for myself and one for him. T did so, taking a man with me and making a temporary bridge, where I obtained this beautiful plant. The leaf of the one T sent to Mr. Sullivant was nearly four feet in ; bee and tea j)arty, after the manner of lonjz,' aj>,(). The central tii>;iu'cs in tliis jnost extraordinary event were Mrs. Cassandra Moore, TOMBSTONE IN OLD FRANKI.INTON GRAVEYARD. aged 81 years, who was born on the very spot where the celebra- tion was held; Mrs. Rachel Lyons and Mrs. Jane Chambers, of Steelton; Mrs. Elizabeth Saunders, 68 years of age, born in Frankliiiton, and who vent west with Michael Sullivant when he bought his 00,000 acre farm at Burr Oak, 111.; Mrs. Barbara 122 Hunter, aged 67 years, known throngliont the West Side on nc- connt of ministering to the sick and the afflicted as "The Good Samaritan"; Mrs. Clarke, aged 67 vears; Mrs. Malinda Dear- durf Davidson, aged 63 years, and Mrs. Clarinda Deardiirf Moats, her twin sister, and Miss Carol Grillespie, great-great grandanghter of Abraham and Katherine Deardurf, who settled in Franklinton in 1798. Miss Gillespie was dressed in her great-great grandmother's gown, 100 years old, kerchief 108 made linen, 103 years old; kerchief, 108 years old: breastpin, 125 years old, and cap, 100 years old. She wore this while acting as waitress for the old ladies' tea partv. All the old ladies were dressed in the fashion which prevailed I'tO years ago. . The table cloth was of homespun linen 200 years old and the tea service was 150 years oid. They compose an heirloom ol the Deardurf family ana were brought over the mountains from southeastern Pennsylvania, in a wagon, in 1798 and have been in Franklinton ever since. During the afternoon the old ladies above named gave an ex- hibition of the primitive manner in which the great grand- mothers of the present generation spun and wove the cloth for clothing of the men, women, boys and girls of ye olden time. The following poem of "Ye Olden Days," wa-itten by Dr. Alice Gillespie Allen, was dedicated to the old ladies' quilting, spinning and weaving bee: On a bright spring morning in ninety-seven, As the sun shone out in the eastern heaven. Sending the rose her brightest hue, And tinting the hilltops' diamond dew. There rose in the rude log hut a wail — A strange new sound — from where did it hail? In the "fireplace" corner, aw^ay from the damp. In a hewed cut log from the "sugar camp," On a mossy pillow, in coonskin wrap, In a "dimity" slip and a "bobinet" cap, A sweet girl babe in the cradle lay. Her blue eyes wide with the beautiful day. 123 llor ganiicnts liad coiiio from that, lioiiic in i\\v east, Snugly stowed in tlu^ "till" of an old oak eliest, To the new forest home in Ohio so wild, Where the pioneers cherished this tirst-horn child, (^1nlely and strong grew this maiden fair — J>earne(l to spin, weaNc and sew with greatest eare. "Linsev" eonnterpane, eoverlet, wove she without fears 'I'hat they would weai" out in a hundred years; So strong, so ])retty and so well made That they cast our goods of today in the shade. 'I'liey are dear to <»ur hands, our eyes and our hearts. For they attest great grandmother's housewifely art. * * ->5- -x- * * * * * As the sun steals low o'er the western plain, Grand grand dame nods at ns rogues again, As we beg for a tale she has thrice told. That is ever new, nor will it grow old Of the dear old pioneer days long gone ; Of the conquests made and the hard tasks done. The dear far-away days when she was young, Of the games they played and the songs they sung, The swift wild deer in the forest path, Or the howling wolves and the panther's breath, The sly fox lairs, skulking Indian trail — Thus she spins us many an old, old tale. As she patiently turns to poke the fire. And softly smiles at white grand-sire. While we silently wonder how, With her toil-worn hands and her wrinkled brow. Her trembling voice and tottering knee. Was she ever so young and supple as we ? It is unfortunate that no complete and accurate record of the relics on exhibition was made and preserved. From the com- mittee's memoranda and receipt stubs, the following list has been prepared, which, though incomplete and perhaps in some minor details inaccurate, will indicate in some measure the notable character of the exhibit: 124 Solicited, Loaned and Several Owned by Alice Gillespie Allen, M. D. — Sheep shears, brought over the Blue Ridge bv Abraham Deardiirf to Franklinton in 1798; mince bowl, made from a tree on the Scioto banks early in 1800; mince knife, forged in Franklinton in 1800 by David Deardurf ; rolling pin of cherr}' and potato masher, scissors, knife, two-pronged fork, German silver spoon, pewter dish, Brittania tea set 150 years old, cups, saucers and mug, coverlet woven by Martha Hancock Deardurf, damask curtains and counterpane, split bottom chair of 1820, neck-kerchief, cap, apron, lace and ribbons, home-spun linsey woolsey, needlework of Rachel Deardurf of 1820, willow work basket containing needlework 125 years old, reticule 100 years old, bobinett cap, jackonette dress, carded wool, home- spun blanket, 1820; counterpanes and coverlets, ear rings of beaten gold 90 years old, home-spun linen feather tick, straw tick and toweling, tied fringe handwork, nankeen pantalettes, rolled gathers and ruffle, 1830; doll, thimble, beads and buttons of 1800. Albert Slavin— Caps, dresses, laces, silks, wool shawl, veil, ceticule, kerchief and exquisite needlework. Mrs. C. Griswold — Home-spun linen table cloth 200 years old, Delf and pewter dishes, solid silver spoons. Mrs. Phillip Shapter — Sugar shovel of solid silver, sugar tongs, spoons, tea caddy 150 years old, damask bed curtains, settee made in Franklinton in 1836. H. J. Booth-:-Copper pans, candle snuffers and warming pan, 50 years old. Mrs. Francis Sells — Pieces of copper ware such as pans, kettles and snuffers. Charlotte, Frank and Katie Rickenbacher — The following articles made in Charlestown, Va., and brought to Franklinton in 1800: Sampler, dresses, caps, capes, stockings, veil and laces; pitcher 150 years old, coverlet, counterpane, blue Delf plate, stuffed stand cover, homesjmn cotton, pictures. Malinda Deardurf Davidson — Quilts, pieced by herself to commemorate her grandfather's settling in Franklinton. Glarinda Deardurf Moats — Centennial quilt, double compass red. 125 Barbara Diemer Hunter — Spinning jenny used by herself; (luilting frames made in 1820. Anna Price — AVall clock, i)e])per mill 150 years old, dress waist made in Wales 150 years old, s(inare brass spectacles, Delf ware, silver spoons, glass candlestick 150 years old. JJ. S. Farmer — Wedding dress, tan flowered silk, worn by Charity Clowson Deardnrf in 1845; Bennington rifle of 1770; newspaper files, 1840. Mrs. Theresa Young — Loom, old papers. F. D. Prouty — Pitcher 100 years old. L. Little — Fork and iron. R. J. Hoy — Pair of baby shoes. Wm. M. Burr (Worthington) — Letter and papers. E. K. Haves — Steam whistle used to warn the r»p.or>'>p asainat Indian uprisings; a banister post. J.E. Harris — Two old pennies, dates 1825 and 1830. John Haffner — Two old posts from the portico of the old Clinton bank. Jonathan Dague — Dagger and brass pistol. F. A. Brodbeck — Old oil painting; copy of "Ohio Monitor." John Champion — Bound volume of The Times; hat plume worn by a member of the Fencibles. Elizabeth Chambers — Two portraits painted in the old Ohio penitentiaiy. Annie McAlister — Two pictures. Jane Bailey — Bayonet carried by Stewart Bailey. AV. M. Hunt — Family history. D. McAlister — Gun used during the Revolutionary war. Chester Bright — Old pistol. H. Warren Phelps (Westerville) — Book containing account of expenses of Edward Phelps in coming from Connecticut to Ohio with an ox team; old deeds and letters of administration; copper skillet used by William Phelps, who came over from England in 1630. John J. Schwartz — Volumes 1 and 2 of the Ohio Statesman from July 5, 1837, to June 27, 1838. W. H. Drayer (Ostrander) — Ledger of Henry Brown, one of Franklinton's carlv merchants, 1801-1813. 126 From the Governor's Office — Tables and chairs with interest- ing historical associations. From the Canal ( V>mmissioners' Office — Lithograpli of Co- lumbus in the 50's. F. M. Dort (Jerome) — Hatchet made in Franklinton in 1812-13. James M. Fnson (Worthington) — Spinning wheels; scrap- book containing matter about the old New England company, early settlers; side saddle made in 1808. J. T. Holmes — Warming pan lirought to Columbus in 1825 by Alfred Kelley. W. H. Restieaux — Commission dated September 1, 1T6G, is- sued by King George III to Jonathan ( Uiase, gent, grandfather of Salmon P. Chase. A. H. Perry — Bound volume of the Weekly Review (Balti- more, Md.,) 1812-1813, containing many references to Frank- linton and General William Henry Harrison; almanacs published in Kew Jersey and at Pittsburg from 1798 to 1810. Bernard Pompelly — United States penny of 1783; newspa- pers of 1824; an arithmetic of 1791; pair of hand irons brought here in 1810, also a rocker of 1810. Murilla Hough Moore — Old quilt. Archibald Kendel (Chalfant Station, Perry County,) and Abram Gorden (Glass Rock, Perry County,) — Guns and ather weapons used in the war of 1812. Mrs. Anna M. Doherty — Portrait of Colonel John IMcElvain, who came to Ohio from Pennsylvania in 17*^7 ^nd »^: ^^A in the war of 1812. Mrs. H. HoUenbeck — William Henry Harrison souvenirs. George W. Sells (Ada) — Copies of the Western Intelligencer. Mrs. Thomas — Tea set 140 years old. Wm. M. Ebright — Wagon jack used in the w^ar of 1812; gun 100 years old; coffee mill of 1811; old dinner horn. James D. Poston — Bedspread 100 years old. John Otstot — Grindstone from an early mill. Mrs. Stevenson — Old garments; watch of curious pattern. George Gawler — Clock out of the first state house. II. H. McCloud— Old wheels. 127 Charles McEweu (Reynoldsburg) — Spinning wheels; reels. W. J. Xouueiniiacher — Old clock from the Insane Asylum; old watches. Nathaniel Smiths Weather vane from the old court house. Anna Richardson — Pictures. Cooney Smith — Piece of stair rail out of old court house. Joseph Ilinterschied — Old advertising map. The Misses Gardiner — Waffle irons, iron pot and kettle, veget^ible dish, sugar tongs, chinaware, Mexican baby shoes, cof- fee mill, handmade; journal kept by James Gardiner when In- dian agent, combs, etc. F. Lytle — Old cooking outfit. Wm. Sanderson — Santa Anna's war chest. Stephen A. Fitzpatrick — Soldier's discharge papers of 1SG2; city directory of 1842. Miss Flora May Chase — Copy of Columbus Connnercial of 1865. James Sheridan — Directory of 1852. Alexander Huston — Swords, etc. Jewett L. Norris — Old revolvers. Mrs. Sinclair — Picture of old court house. A, AV. Bayles — Old hymn book. M. E. Thrailkill — Cotton and flax reel made in 1827; also the flyer of a flax wheel and the head of a spinning wheel; pair of kettle hooks. William Earl (Park Mills)— Old Bible with family record of first judge in Franklinton, O. Daniel Brintlinger — Old chair. Mrs. Wm. J. Brink — Old fashioned sieve made in 1809. Philip Shapter — Red damask curtains brought from Europi?; to Franklin county by great grandfather; silver sugar shovel, ear rings, brooch, jewel case, tea caddy 150 years or more old, settee made in 1836. Walter Momson — Old diaries kept by Justin Morrison in 1830-1850; a pass given to same to attend funeral of Governor Brough at Cleveland, August 31, 1865; lady's hoo<:l, sun bonnet, purses and coins; leather carpet sack, shawl, silver candlestick and snuffers. 128 Mrs. James Eckles — Plaid shawl, dislies. Mrs. Daniel Stewart — Land grant; portrait and curios. Mrs. L. G. Cookman — Ink well; artist's box made from wood from the Franklinton court house; letters from Governor Thomas Worthington and other prominent men of that time; grand- father's clock. Mrs. Jesse Clark — Coins; Greek lamp used in Franklinton. John Kerr — Advertisement of first land sale made in Colum- bus ; letters and other relics. Besides, there were on exhibition, portraits of pioneers and old citizens as follows: Lucas Sullivant, William Sullivan t, Michael Sullivant, Joseph Sullivant, William Domigan, Gen- eral William Henry Harrison, P. H. Olmstead, David Taylor and wife, Thomas Miller, John M. Pugh, Huntington Fitch, M. Mc- A lister, P. Hayden, D. W. Deshler, Grafton Doty, John L. Gill, Jacob Reinhard, Frederick Fieser, William Savage. CHAPTER VII. THE OROWTH OF FRANKLINTON, Having in the fii'st chapter glanced briefly at the founding of Franklinton and, in the five succeeding chapters at the celebra- tion of the centennial of that event, it is proper in this to continue tlie history of the settlement and to note how the founder and his associates bore themselves amid the hardships and dangers of ])ioncer life. Let it first be observed, however, that the terri- tory comprised within the present limits of Franklin county was before the \\'hitc settlement, occupied in t\irn by Delawares, Mingos and IShawnee Indians, but those who contested its oc- <-ui)ation with the white men were Wyandots. The Indians whom Lucas Sullivant's surveying party encountered in 1795 were Wyandots. Wyandot corn fields in the lowlands below the forks of the Scioto tempted him and suggested the site for his town. There were some Iroquois villages in the county, but tliey dwindled and the territory was soon given over to the des- ultory conflict of Wyandots and white men. The first family settlement in Franklinton, after it had been lo- cated by Lucas Sullivant, was made, says Lee in his History of Columbus, by Josej)h Dixon in the autumn of 1797. During the ensuing winter and spring there were other arrivals, among whom were George Skidmore, John Brickell, Robert Armstrong, Jeremiah Armstrong, William Domigan, James Marshall, the Deardurfs, the McElvains, the Sells, John Lysle, WilHam Fleming, elacol) Grubb, Jacob Overdier, Arthur O'Harra, Joseph Foos, John Blair, Michael Fisher and John Dill. The McEl- vaines emigrated to Ohio from Kentucky in the spring of 1797. Tliey remained at Chillicothc during the ensuing summer, and ai'i'lvcd at Franklinton during tlic spring of 1708. William 9 130 Domigan came from Maryland, Michael Fisher from Virginia, Joseph Foos from Kentucky and John Dill from York county, Pa, These were followed later by David and Joseph Jamison and Colonel Robert Culbertson and family, all of whom came from Shippensburg, Pa. During the first years of the settlement of Franklinton there was much sickness. For a few of the first years the fever and ague prevailed so generally in the fall seasons as to totally dis- courage many of the settlers; so that they would, during the prevalence of the disease, frequently resolve to abandon the country and remove back to the old settlements. But on the return of health, the prospective advantages of the country, the noble crops of corn and vegetables, the fine stock range and the abundance of wild game, deer, turkey, etc., with which the country abounded, all conspired to reanimate them, and encour- age them to remain another year. There are no statistics to show how many people gathered at Franklinton in the first five years after it was laid out, but it is probable that when Franklin county was created in 1803 by the first general assembly of Ohio, Franklinton had a population of fifty or more. There the courts of the county were established and Lucas Sullivant was appointed by the judges as clerk of the' courts. It is interesting to note that at the first state election held June 21, 1803, Franklin county cast 130 votes, of which 59 were cast by Franklin township. The prime mover in this little colony was Lucas Sullivant, who made it his permanent home in 1801. He had, after locating the town, returned to Kentucky and married Sarah Starling, daughter of Colonel Wil- liam Starling, of Harrodsburg, a descendant of Sir William Starling, once Lord Mayor of London. Lucas Sullivant was the first clerk of the courts and the first recorder; he built the first jail, supervised the erection of the first court house, built the first school house, erected at his own expense the first church and constructed the first bridge across the Scioto. He was first in all the good work of promoting Franklinton's growth and was among the last to surrender to Columbus the pre-eminence it was des- tined for when it was carved out of the wilderness on the "high bluffs" and made the state capital. 131 Among the other enterprising spirits of the time were Joseph Foos, who was proprietor of the first tavern and one of the first comity judges, and who owned the first ferry across the river; William Domigan, who was also a tavern-keeper; James Scott and Robert Russell, who were the first store-keepers. One of the most difiieult articles to obtain in those days of primitive com- merce, when all supplies had to be brought in canoes or by pack- horses from the Ohio, was salt. Mr. Sullivant's expedient for obtaining salt for his colony is thus descibed by his biographer: "He knew that the deer resorted in great numbers to the lick- in on the river below Franklinton, and he had observed, when encamped there some years before, that there were strong evi- dences of the Indians making salt in that place. The work was vigorously prosecuted, and the lick cleaned out, when it appeared that a feeble stream or spring of weak salt water came to the surface at the edge of the river. A wooden curb was inserted, which kept out a large portion of the fresh and surface water. The salt water was gathered into large wooden troughs hollowed out from huge trees, and with the aid of a battery of common iron kettles and long-continued boiling, a limited quantity of rather poor salt was obtained; but when a road was opened along Zane's Trace from AVheeling to Lancaster, and thence to Frank- linton, it furnished greater facilities for procuring salt, and this well was abandoned." Ry act of the first General Assembly of Ohio, March 30, 1808, Franklin county was created and Franklinton was fixed upon as the county seat. The first Franklin county judges, which were chosen by the General Assembly, were John Dill, David Jamison and Joseph Foos, the first named being presiding judge. This court met early in May following, elected Lucas Sullivant clerk, divided the county into four townships — Har- rison, Liberty, Franklin and Darby — and ordered the election of justices of the peace, June 21 following. In pursuance of this order Zachariah Stephen and James Marshal were elected just- ices in Franklin township, Josiah Ewing in Darby, William Ben- nett in Harrison, Joseph Hunter and Ezra Brown in Liberty. The court at its second sitting in September took steps for the construction of roads to Lancaster and ISTewark, appointing view- 132 ers to act in conjunction with viewers appointed by the court of Fairfield county; also for the construction of roads to Spring- field and to Worthington. Kewards were also ordered by the court to be paid for the killing of wolves and panthers, $1 for a wolf or panther under six months old and $2 for each wolf or panther over six months old. Several licenses to keep tavern were granted; township collectors and other officers were ap- pointed. With such business as this — much of it strange to the courts of today — was the first county court of Franklin employed. At the term of court beginning in January, 1804, it was ordered that a jail be built according to the following specifica- tions, which are copied from the records of Lucas Sullivant, clerk: "Of logs twelve feet long and eighteen inches in diameter, with two sides hewed so as to make a face of eight inches, and to be let down dove-tailing so as to make the logs fit close together; to be seven feet at least between the lower and upper floors, which floor is to be of timbers of like thickness, with three sides hewed so as to let them lie entirely close, and to be smooth on the face of the lower floor, and the upper floor to show an even face in like manner on the lower side and to have two rounds of logs at least, of like timbers, above the upper floor; then to have a cabin roof (made of clapboards held down by timbers laid transversely in lines about three feet apart) well put on, a door cut out, two feet eight inches wide, and prepared in a workmanlike order, to hang the shutter of the door, which shutter is to be made in a strong and sufficient workmanlike manner of plank two inches thick. There is to be two windows, eight inches by ten inches wide, made in said prison house, which windows are to be secured by two bars of iron one inch square sufficiently cut in, in each window, the corners closely sawed or cut down." This jail was built by Lucas Sullivant, who was then both county clerk and county recorder pro tempore, at a cost of $80. Thus the offenders against law were early provided with quart- ers. The interpreters and to some extent the executors of law Avere, however, without a fixed abode till 1807, renting rooms, until that date, wherever they were found convenient. In the vear mentioned, Lucas Sullivant, under direction of the court, 133 erected a court house of brick made from the clay of one of the ancient mounds in the vicinity. Arthur O'Harra, contractor, huilt a brick jail about the same time. These buildings were located at the northeast corner of Broad and Sandusky streets and remained standing until 187-3, when they were torn down to make room for the Franklinton School building. Among the new settlers in Franklinton from 1805 to 1812 were Isaac and Jeremiah Miner, Samuel White and sons, the Stewarts, the Johnstons, the Weatheringtons, the Shannons, the RESIDENCE OF JOHN WILCOX, ON THE SITE OF HOUSE IN WHICH FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH SERVICES WERE HELD IN FRANKLINTON. Stambaughs, the Ramseys, the Mooberrys, the Sharpes, the Deckers, the Rareys, the Olmsteads, the Kiles, Jacob Gander, Percival Adams, John Swisher, George W. Williams, Lyne Starling, Doctor Lincoln Goodale, Doctor Samuel Parsons, R. W. McCoy, Francis Stewart, Henry Brown, John Kerr, Alex McLaughlin, Orris Parish, Ralph Osbom, Gustavus Swan and Rev. James Hoge. The want of grist mills was severely felt by the early settlers, and in 1807, Mr. Sullivant contemplated the erection of a good mill, and, preparatory thereto, undertook a great w^ork for those 134 days. It was to dig a mill-race of more than a mile in length, for the mill was to be situated on the west bank of the river, at "Billy's hole," which received its name from the fact that Billy Wyandot, an Indian, was drowned at that point, near where the Harrisburg bridge now stands. The contractor on the race finally threw up the job, after digging the race from the site of the present state dam to a point near the city gi'avel banks. But the administration of law, the enlargement of business, road building, tavern-keeping and the killing of wolves were not the whole life mth these hardy pioneers. Education and re- ligion claimed a part of their attention. Lucas Sullivant, Jere- miah Armstrong, John Brickell, Jacob Overdier, Joseph Foos, Arthur O'Harra, Lyne Starling, George Skidmore, Jacob Grubb, Robert Russell and James Hoge were all intelligent and public- spirited men, who held education to be of prime importance. Thus it came about that, probably in 1806, Lucas Sullivant built a log school house, which was fifteen or sixteen feet square, with puncheon floor, rough slab benches supported at either end by a pair of hickory pins inserted into auger holes; battened door with wooden hinges and latch raised from its notch with a string ; a clap-board roof with weight poles and a fireplace and stick chimney. It is probable that this village school house had greased white j)aper for window light in winter and open win- dows in summer. The building was located about a square and a half north of Broad street west of Sandusky street. Unhappily the name of the first school teacher in this primitive building is not definitely known, but two of the early teachers were Miss Sarah Reed and Miss Mary Wait. Joel Buttles was an early teacher near "Worthington, and it is from his diary that it is learned how the schools then were supported. His diary con- tains the following contract: "These presents witnesseth: That, on condition that Joel Buttles shall attend duly five days in one week and six days in the other, alternately, and six hours in each day, for the space of three months, and teach reading, writing and arithmetic accord- ing to the best of his knowledge, we, the subscribers, promise and oblige ourselves to pay to tho said Joel Buttles, at the expiration of said term of three months, each for himself, one dollar and 135 sixty-two and a half cents for each scholar we may respectively subscribe; and, should some unavoidable or unforeseen accident liiuder said Buttles from attending the whole of said term, we obligate ourselves to pay said Buttles in a due proportion for the time he may attend. And likewise the subscribers are to bear, each his just proportion, in boarding said Buttles and to furnish a convenient school house, together with a sufficient (piantity of firewood so that school may commence the first day of January next." I'lider this contract Mr. Buttles secured twelve pnpils. Thus for his three months' work he received $19,50 and his board. Dr. Peleg Sisson, who taught in the Franklinton school, was paid in this fashion and probably to about the same extent. Mrs. Judge Price, nee McDow^ell, is quoted in Lee's History of Co- lumbus as saying: '*In 1816 Dr. Sisson had a school in Franklinton which I at- tended. It was a log school house built, I think, for that purpose, *he only furniture being benches made of slabs of wood with legs in them. My nncle, Lucas Sullivant had it built. As no one in those early days took boarders, Dr. Sisson made his home for a week at a time among his different pupils, with rich and poor alike. It was a good school, for Dr. Sisson was a man of high character." Another of the early school teachers was William Lusk, who came from Massachusetts, settled in Franklinton and taught a common subscription school. In 1819 he established an acad- emy. The pioneer preacher of Franklinton was Rev. James Hoge, who, November 19, 1805, reached Franklinton during a mission- ary pilgrimage through Ohio. Mr. Hoge came of good old Scotch stock and was, at the date mentioned, in his twenty-second year. He had taught school in Virginia and studied theology privately, there being then no seminary for the education of young men to the ministry. On the 17th of April preceding his api^earance at Franklinton, he had been licensed by the presby- tery at Lexington, Va., to preach and had subsequently obtained from the general assembly of the Presbyterian church an ap- pointment as itinerant missionary in Ohio. He came into the 136 state with a view to locating in Higliland county, but continued his journeying with the result that he located at Franklinton. The day following his arrival he preached in a room in the house of John Overdier, a two-story frame, a picture of which is care- fully preserved among the historic relics of the First Presbyterian church. This was the room also rented for the courts prior to the erection of the first court house. Rev. Mr, Hoge remained at Franklinton until April of the fol- lowing year, when he was forced by ill health to return to Vir- ginia. On his homewfa-d way, he was attacked by a violent hem- orrhage and fell prostrate bv a spring near Lewisburgh, Va. He drank copiously of the water and was refreshed and sustained till rescued by a womi.n who lived in a neighboring cabin. She cared for him until he was able to resume his journey. In the fall of the same year he resumed his labors in Franklinton and thenceforth for more than half a century wrought zealously and successfully in Franklinton and Columbus. During Eev. Hoge's first visit in Franklinton, the little congre- gation which he gathered had been organized into a Presbyterian church, February 18, 1806, by Rev. Robert G. Wilson, D. D., then of Chillicothe, and for many years president of Ohio IJni- v^ersity at Athens. This was the first church of any denomina- tion organized in Franklin county. Its members numbered 13 and were as follows : Colonel Robert Culbertson and wife, Wil- liam Reed and wife, David N^elson and wife, Michael Fisher and wife, Robert Young and wife, Mrs. Margaret Thompson, Mrs. Susan McCoy and Miss Catherine Kessler. Besides, there were in the congregation the families of Lucas Sullivant, William Shaw, Adam Turner, John Turner, Joseph Hunter, J. Hamlin, S. G. Flenniken, John Dill, J. McGowan, George Skidmore, Samuel King, William Brown, sr., Joseph Park, David Jameson, Andrew Park, M. Thojiipson, William Domigan, John Overdier, Jacob Overdier, Charles Hunter, John Lisle, J. Mcllvaine, M.' Hess, John McCoy, Joseph Smart, Isaac Smart, S. Powers, Joseph Dickson and Joseph Cowgill. Many of the descendants of these men are residents of Columbus today. The church continued to hold public worship in the homes of John Overdier and David Broderick until the court house was 137 erected on the corner of Broad and Sandusky streets in 1807, when that building was used. On September 25, 1807. the church formally called Kcv. Mr. Hoge to the pastorate for three- fourths of hie time, the other one-fourth to be spent in missionary efforts "within the bounds of the county and parts adjacent." The salary promised was $300 in half-yearly payments. That is precisely the amount Rev. Mr. Hoge had been receiving as mis- sionary under the direction of the general assembly of the church. 'Jims financially he was the gainer in whatever amount he could FXRST COURT HOUSE IN FRANKI,INTON. cj!rn as a missionary during one-fourth of his time, ''within the bounds of the county and parts adjacent." As the county at that time had an area of 600 square miles, with a population of about 2000 widely scattered, it is evident that the conditions were ripe for vast work if not great results. Following is a verbatim copy of the call extended to l\ev. Mr. lloge. The old document, in the handwriting of Lucas SuUi- vant, is still preserved: "The congregation of Franklinton, being on sufficient ground well satisfied of the ministerial (qualifications of you, James Hoge, 138 and liaviiig goud Iio])es from our past cxperifiice of your labors, that your ministration in the gospel will be profitable to our spiritual interests, do earnestly call and desire you to undertake the pastoral office in said congregation ; promising you in the dis- charge of your duty, all proper support, encouragement and obedience in the Lord; and that you may be free from worldly cares and avocations, we hereby promise and oblige ourselves to pay to you the sum of three hundred dollars, in half yearly pay- ments, annually, for three-fourths of your time, until we find ourselves able to give you a compensation for the whole of your time, in like proportion, during the time of your being and con- tinuing the regular pastor of this church. In testimony whereof, we have respectively subscribed our names, this the 25th day of September, Anno Domini 1807. "ROBEET CULBERTSON, "WILLIAM READ, "Elders. '^JOSEPH DIXO^, "JOHN DILL, "DAVID NELSON, "WILLIAM DOMIGAN, "JOSEPH HUNTER, "LUCAS SULLIV ANT, "Trustees." The next event in the history of the church was the erection by Lucas Sullivant in 1811 of the first building designed especi- ■ ally for religious services and its presentation by him to the First Presbyterian church. This building, which was a one-stor;)' structure after the style of the modern country school housb, was located on the bank of the river on what is now known a& the cemetery lot. Scarcely had it been completed before the war with Great Britain broke out and the building was taken possession of by the government and used for the storage of grain. In March, 1813, while it was still so used, a violent storm wet the grain which filled it and caused the grain to swell, bursting the walls. The church was a ruin, but the government subse- quently made good the loss and another structure was erected in 1815 upon the site. Soon afterwards the growth of Columbus, 139 " liicli was then ovt'i'shinluwiiig Fraiiklintoii, partially diverted the eti"(trts of the Presbyterians to the east side of the river. I'l'eacliiiiii' was inaintained in hotli Franklinton and Colnnd^us for many years, the work in ('ohnn])ns gainini>' and that in Frank- linton losing in magnitude. Tt is not known exactly when serv- ices ceased to be held regularly in the Franklinton cdiurcdi, but it is probable that they ended with the completion of the church edifice on the corner of State and Third streets in 1830. After the school and churcdi came the newspaper. It came in 1S12, the need of it and the opportunity for it having been cre- ated by the war of 1812. It was called the Freeman's Chronicle, and was published and edited by James B. Gardiner, the publica- tion office being located near the .corner of Broad and Sandusky streets. The first issue of the paper was dated July 4, 1812; the date of the last issue is unknown, but it was probably some time in the year 1815. The Chronicle was a weekly of folio form, with five columns to the page. At the top of the first page, be- neath the name, was printed this motto : Here shall the press the people's rights maintain, Unawed by influence, unbribed by gain; Here patriot truth its glorious precepts draw. Pledged to religion, liberty and law. The editor was a man of probity and ability, but unfortunately he was not a prolific chronicler of the happenings in Franklinton. Perhaps what everybody knew it was needless to record in print, and so the energy of the press was expended in laying before Franklintonians information of the happenings at a distance. At any rate the portion of the paper devoted to reading matter was given over to news from Europe, vf ashington and the seat of war. The Washington news was from three to five weeks old and that from Europe generally more than a month, and nearly all of it was taken from papers received in exchange. It is chiefly to the advertisements that one must look for information regarding the character and progress of life in Franklinton. There public enter))rises were exploited, businesses were an- nounced, runaway slaves sought, debtors dunned and candidacies for office announced and. advocated. 140 But th(- editor's life was not a hed of roses. Storms delayed the mails and when there were no excdianges there was nothing to print. Sometimes the supply of white paper was exhausted; sometimes the journeyman printer would leave the editor in the lurch; sometimes the editor had other pressing business and some- times he was sick. In either event publication was unhesitat- ingly deferred, and thus what was meant as a weekly became really a very irregular paper. As a sample of the editorial em- barrassments of the time, it is related that it was customary to wet the roller of the hand press with molasses in order to make the ink stick. Mr. Gardiner had been buying his molasses by the barrel and the boys had been carrying it off by the bucketful to make taff3^ To stop the loss, he placed the barrel at easy spitting- distance from his desk and used it as a cuspidor. The boys saw the proceeding and troubled his molasses barrel no more. A more serious trouble was to get prompt payment for his paper. jVroney was scarce and rags, candles, oats, whisky, bacon, hams, tiillow, beeswax, wheat, flour, beans, peas, sugar, molasses, iiaxseed, raw sheepskins, sausages, fresh meat cheese, but- ler, eggs, feathers and poultry were willingly taken on subscription account. But such articles would not buy ])aper and ink. Some money was necessary, and to that effect the editor had frequently to remind his subscribers, im]iloring them to pay at least half in cash. Then as now, some sul)scribers v/ould not pay at all and ui:)On these he had to threaten to use "the coercive measures of the law." One of the interesting features of the Chronicle — a bound file of which is still preserved, the property of Colonel E, L. Taylor — was its news of the war of 1812. Much enterprise was shown in getting early intelligence from the field and in presenting it to Franklintonians. This was done by means of extras — hand- bills printed on one side only. After the war, Franklinton lost its importance as army headquarters, the transient people went elsewhere and the opportunity for publishing a successful news- paper dwindled. Mr. Gardiner gave it up and sought other em- ployment. Later he moved to Xenia, entered politics, and to advocate his cause resumed newspaj)er work temporarily. He held several offices by election or appointment and died sudden- 141 ly at Marion, April 12, 1837, while attending a public land sale. Mr, Gardiner was a man of medium height and rather stout. lie had a high forehead, blonde hair inclined to curl and blue eyes. He was an excpiisite dresser for the times. He wrote over the pen name of "Coakley'- and as a writer was keenly tiatirical and witty. His wife died in 1809 and -the remains of both are interred at Greenlawn. Two of his daughters — Misses Katherine and Elizabeth Gardiner — are living in this city. THE OLU FKANKLINTON GRAVEYARD. For seven or eight years after the first settlement of Frank- liuton, says Martiii's History of Franklin County, there was no postoffiee nearer than Chillicothe, and when other opportuni- ties did not offer, the people of the village would occasionally raise by contribution the means and employ a man to go to the postoffiee (45 miles), to carry letters to be mailed to their distant friends and to bring back such letters or papers as might be in the office for any of the Franklintonians. Colonel Andrew McElvain, for many years a prominent citizen of this countv was, when a boy, the first mail carrier between Chillicothe and Franklinton. The following interesting letter from the colonel 142 was written with clear recollection on that subject, and it also covers nearly the whole ground of the hrst settlement of the county. It was dated "West Point Grove, Logan County, Il- linois, November 30, 1S50." lie says: "I emigrated with my father to Ohio (from Kentucky) in the spring of 1797. We remained at Chillicothe that sunmier. The fall or winter of 1797-8, a family by the name of Dixon was the first white family settled at Franklinton, then called the Forks of Scioto. That winter several others arrived there — Armstrongs, Skidmores, Deardurfs, Dunkin, Stokes, Balentine; early in the spring, McElvains, Hunters, Ilogers, Stevens, Browns, Oowgills and Benjamin White. "The first meal-making establishment in Franklinton was erected 'by Samuel McElvain — that was a hominy block — a hole burned in a stump, with a sweep so fixed that two men could pound corn into meal; the sifter was a deer skin, stretched over a hoop, with small holes made therein by a small hot iron; and that block mill supplied the first settlement of Franklin county. Our family helped to raise the first corn raised in the county by whites. Next was a hand mill erected by Ilogers. The first water mill was erected by Robert Balentine on a small stream near Hayden's factory, on the town plat of Columbus. There was also a small distillery erected near the old Ridgway foundry by one White, where the first rot-gut whisky was distilled. The same Beniamin White was the first appointed sheriff of said county. Afterward a man by the name of Rush erected a mill on the Scioto, below the present dam of the Sullivant mill. The salt used by the village was manufactured at a salt spring three or four miles below the village — perhaps on the White farm, and I think Deardurf was the salt maker— but not being profitable, it was soon abandoned. In the summer of 1895 the first mail contract was taken by Adam Hosac, he being contractor and postmaster. The route then was on west side of the Scioto. A weekly mail left Franklinton every Friday, stayed over night at Markly's mill on Darby creek, next day made Chillicothe, and returned to Thompson's on Deer creek, thence home on Sunday. W^hen the route was first established there was no postofiice be- tween Franklinton and Chillicothe, but during the first winter 143 there was one established at AVestfall, now in Pickaway county; afterward one at Markly's mill, about that time changed to Hall's mill, I was the first appointed carrier, and did cany the first mail to Franklinton, and was employed in that business about one year, during tiio winter and spring, having twice to swim Darby and Deer creek, carrying the small mail bag on my shoulders. * * * I commenced carrying the mail at thirteen years old. There was not a house but William Brown's on Big Kun, between Franklinton and Darby, and but a cabin at West- fall and Doer creek, to Chillicothe. It was rather a lonesome route for a boy. * * * There was no regular mail at Worthing- ton, but their mail matter was taken up by a young man em- ]»loyed as a clerk in a store — I think Mr. Matthews. "Truly yours, "A. McELVAIN." The successors of Mr. Hosac in the Franklinton postoffice are given in Martin's History as follows: 1811, Henry Brown; 1812, Joseph Grate; 1813, James B. Gardiner; 1815, Jacob Ivellar; 1819, Joseph McDowell; 1820, William Lusk; 1831, AVilliam Risley. A few years after Risley's appointment the office was discontinued. CHAPTER VIII. THE WAR PERIOD IN FRANKLINTON. The condition of things in Franklinton jnst prior to the out- break of the second war with Eng-land is well described in the following from the pen of Judge Gustavus Swan: "When I opened my office in Franklinton in 1811, there was neither church nor school house nor pleasure carriage in the county, nor was there a bridge over any stream within the compass of an hundred miles. . The roads at all seasons of the year were nearly impassable. Goods were imported, })rincipally from Philadel- phia in wagons; and our exports, consisting of horses, cattle and hogs, carried themselves to market. The mails were brought to us once a week on horseback, if not prevented by high water. I feel safe in saying that there was not in the county a chair for every two persons, nor a knife and fork for every four. The pro- portion of rough population was very large. With that class, to say that 'he would fight' was to praise a man; and it was against him, if he refused to drink. Aged persons and invalids, however, were respected and protected and could avoid drinking and fighting with impunity ; but even they could not safely inter- fere to interrupt a fight. There was one virtue, that of hospital- ity, which was not confined to any class." Franklinton was a straggling town of a few hundred people when the war of 1812 was not unexpectedly deelared. That year was an eventful one for the little town, for it at once marked the beginning of its greatest prosperity and the commencement of its decline. The war gave it a temporary importance; the laying out of Columbus as the capital of the state as surely meant the overshadowing of Franklinton and its loss of identity. Sing- ularly the formal declaration of war and the sale of lots in Co- 145 lunihus took place on the same day, June 18, 1812. While (Jovernor Meigs, of Ohio, was organizing three volunteer regi- ments to take the field in the impending war, Alexander Mc- J.aughlin, John Kerr, Lyne Starling and James Johnston were treating with the legislature, then sitting at Zanesville, for the location of Ohio's capital on their land on the east bank of the Scioto opposite Franklinton. A bill accepting their proposition was, after much wrangling, passed February 14, 1812, and on February 21, the name of Columbus was by joint resolution given to tlio ])rospective capital. The name is said to have been sug- THE OL.D STATE HOUSE AND OTHER BUILDINGS. IT. 3. Court House I State Offices | State House. gosted by Hon. Joseph Foos, one of Franklin county's first judges and at that time member of the senate for Franklin, Delaware and Madison counties. It is interesting to note that Representa- tive Abraham Edwards, of Montgomery county, proposed that the name Ohio City be given to the capital, and that his resolu- tion to that effect was defeated in the house by the close vote of yeas 19, nays 22. The first sale of lots in Columbus began, as advertised by the proprietors, June 18, and continued several days. Visiting purchasers lodged in the tavern at Franklin- ton and reached the place appointed for the sales by crossing the 10 146 river in canoes or at the ierry. Tlie lots sold were located mostly on Broad and High streets and hronght from $200 to $1000 each. The conditions on which the capital was located at Columbus were in brief: Tliat Messrs. McLaughlin, Kerr, Starling and Johnston should at tlieir own expense lay out the town; should give to the state a square of ten acres on which they were to erect a state house and other offices, and a lot of ten acres on which they were to erect a penitentiary, all as should be directed by the legislature; in return for which the legislature should establish the seat of government at Columbus, beginning the first Monday in December, 1817, and continuing, there until May 1, 1840, and thereafter until otherwise provided by law. Aside from the four proprietors of the land, Lucas Sullivant and Joseph Foos were the prime movers in this enterprise. AVhile these men and their associates were celebrating their victory of peace Franklinton, Urbana and Dayton were resound- ing with the notes of war. The Third Ohio Volunteer regiment, commanded by Lewis Cass, assembled at Franklinton and pro- ceeded to Urbana, where it met the First and Second regiments, and the Fourth, which had participated in the battle of Tippe- canoe in the preceding autumn, when General Harrison defeated Tecumseh. From LTrbana the troops marched north under Hull, constructing block houses as they went, reaching Detroit August 8, where they surrendered on the 16th to the British. The news of this remarkable capitulation was with indignation communi- cated to the people through a Freeman's Chronicle extra. It was feared that the surrender would encourage the Indians and lead them to attack the settlement, and to guard against sur- prise scouts were stationed to the north, from which direction an attack was apprehended. Settlers in outlying districts flocked to Franklinton and plans for fortifying the town were laid. In the emergency, Governor Meigs, of Ohio, and Governor Scott, of Kentucky, exerted themselves to the utmost to hurry more volunteers into the field. General William Henry Har- rison was put in command of the newly recruited troops and he immediately laid plans to recapture Detroit. Franklinton, be- cause of its location, was chosen as a rendezvous and depot of 147 supi)lies, and on Octobei- 25 Generals Hamson, Perkins and BciiU held there an important conference. The Freeman's Chronicle of October ^31, 1812, published at Franklinton, says: "Our town begins to assume quite a military appearance. Six or seven hundred troops are already here. Two companies of Pennsylvania troops are expected in a few days, and we look daily for the arrival of 100 Tnited States dragoons from Kentucky. The force to be coOected at this place will bo nearly three thou- sand. How long they will remain has not been ascertained." The same paper oi Xovember 17 notes the return of General Harrison from Delaware and his reception with the military honors due to his rank. The following day Governor Meigs ar- rived from Manetta, was saluted by Captain Cushing's company of artillery and later, accompanied by General Harrison and staff, reviewed all the troops at the public square. To intimidate the Indians who were threatening, General Harrison on the 18th inst., sent an expedition 600 or 700 strong against the Miami villages near the present site of Muncie, Ind. This force, under Colciuel Cani])bell, surjjrised the Indians December 17, and put them to liiglit. .Vnother and herccr battle occurred on the fol- lowing day with a similar result, the total loss to the white forces being eight killed and twenty -six wounded. Colonel Campbell then returned to Franklinton and his victory was announced in an order issued by General Harrison from his headquarters there. J ^'0 visions and live stock destined for the use of the army con- tinued to arrive at Franklinton and to be forwarded to Upper Sandusky, the final rendezvous and supply depot. General Harrison was here and there directing the campaign while the reinforcements and supplies were pouring north to and through Franklinton. He was in the north'ern part of the state when Winchester was surprised at Frenchtown south of Detroit Janu- ary 22, 1813, by General Proctor, and his force of about 850 men killed or captured. This calamity but spurred Ohio and Kentucky to renewed eiforts. A draft was ordered and Gov- ernor ]\Icigs issued a proclamation calling for three-months' vol- unteers, two of the three divisions to rendezvous at Franklinton. The town was again all excitement and bustle with the ])repara- tions for retrievin"' the loss. Tli(> drafted men arrived and were 148 sent north, for the most part under the direction of Governor Meigs himself. From April 11 to May 9, General Harrison was at Fort Meigs, which he successfully defended against General Proctor. Eeturning thence to Franklinton, he met Governor Meigs, who with a large force of Ohio militia was pushing to the front. Among these Ohio troops were two companies of dragoons recruited in Franklin county, one by the call of Briga- dier General Joseph Foos; Captain Vance was the commander of the other. It having been decided to make no further effort to retake De- troit until the army could have the co-operation of Commodore Perry's naval force. General Harrison made a tour of inspection to the south. Returning June 6 ahead of the Twenty-fourth United States infantry, which had been recruited in Tennessee, he invited representatives of the friendly, but hitherto neutral, Indians to a conference. This conference was held June 21, 1813, on the grounds of Lucas Sullivant, and is thus described in the Sullivant Family memorial: ''The Delaware, Shawnee, Wyandot and Seneca tribes were represented by about 50 of the chiefs and warriors. General Harrison represented the government, and with him were his staff and a brilliant array of officers in full uniform. Behind was a detachment of soldiers. In his front were the Indians. All around were the inhabitants of the region, far and near, Avith many a mother and maid as interested spectators. The general began to speak in calm and measured tones, befitting the grave occasion, but an undefined oppression seemed to hold all in sus- pense, as, with silent and almost breathless attention, they awaited the result of the general's words, which seemed to fall on dull ears, as the Indians sat with unmoved countenances and smoked on in stolid silence. At length the persuasive voice of the great commander struck a responsive chord, and when Tarhe, or Crane, the great Wyandot chief, slowly rose to his feet, and standing for a moment in graceful and commanding attitude, made a brief reply, and then, with others, pressed forward to grasp the hand of General Harrison, in token, not only of amity, but in agreement to stand as a barrier on our exposed border, a terrible doubt and apprehension was 149 lifted from the hearts of all. Jubilant shouts rent the air, women wept for joy, and stalwart men thrilled with pleasure as they now thought of the assured safety of their wives and chil- dren from a cruel and stealthy foe, and prepared at once, with cheerful alacrity, to go forth to the impending battles." The Freeman's Chronicle prints the following account of Gen- eral Harrison's speech to the Indians: "The general promised to let the several tribes know when he should want their services, and further cautioned them that all who went with them must conform to his method of warfare, not to kill or injure old men, women, children or prisoners; that by this means we should be able to ascertain whether the British tell the tiTith when they say that they are not able to prevent Indians from such acts of horrid cruelty; foi, if the Indians under him. (General H.) would obey his conmiands and would refrain from acts of barbarism, it would be very evident that the hostile Indians could be as easily restrained by their commanders. The general then inforaied the chiefs of the agreement made by Proctor to deliver him to Tecumseh in case the British succeeded in taking Fort Meigs; and promised them that if he should be successful, he would de- liver Proctor into their hands on condition that they would do him no other harm than to put a petticoat on him, for," said he, "none but a coward or a squaw would kill a prisoner." A few days before this important and happily concluded con- ference there was a harrowing event at Franklinton. It was the military trial and shooting of a soldier for desertion and threat- ening the life of his captain. The Freeman's Chronicle tells of the incident: "Awful Scene — A man named William Fish, a private in Captain Hopkins' company of U. S. Light Dragoons, was shot at this place on Saturday last for the crime of desertion and threat- ening the life of his captain. We never before witnessed so hor- rible a spectacle; and cannot, in justice to our feelings, attempt a description of it. Three other privates, who were condemned to death by the same court martial, were pardoned by General Harrison. The last who was pardoned had been previously con- ducted to his coffin, and the cap placed over his eyes, in which situation he remained until Fish was shot; his reprieve was then read." 150 Jiily was a busy iiiontli in Franklinton. Alann followed alarm and tlie militia was increased hy another call. On July 30, the Freeman's Chronicle said: "The militia are rushing from all quarters of the state. Thousands are already in advance of this place and thousands are on the march to the rear. It is impossible to ascertain the number of troops assembled or as- sembling throughout the state. Between six and seven thousand would be a moderate calculation. Even his Excellency, the Governor, who arrived here three or four days ago and has since been engaged day and night in the organization of the militia, is still ignorant of what number of troops are in motion through the state." But there was no fichting for the volunteers; they were called to meet what seemed to be an emergency, and as the latter did not appear they were sent home again, much to their disgust. They wanted to drive the invaders out of Ohio, but vhere was a purpose to use the United States regiilar troops as far &s possible, and so the militia came complainingly back through Franklinton. However at every call they continued to respond until the glad news came of Perry's victory on Lake Erie Sep- tember 10, the capture of Maiden by Harrison's army on the 28th and the defeat of Proctor and Tecumseh by the same army on the Thames river, October 5. That practically ended the war in Ohio, the remainder of the work being precautionary merely. To the end of the war, Franklinton continued to be an important military station and point of distribution for both troops and supplies. Its armory, superintended by William C. Lyman, repaired muskets and supplied ammunition. The Ken- tucky troops, under the command of Governor Shelby, were en- camped on the premises of Mr. Sullivant, and his house was the welcome resort of the officers and men, many of whom were per- sonal friends of himself and wife. She was a ministering spirit to the sick soldiers, in camp and hospital, supplying their wants from her own table and stores. In 1813, a malignant and con- tagious typhus,, or cold plague, as it was called, broke out in camp, and she contrticted the disease, of which she died April 28, of that year. Mrs. Sullivant was very much respected and beloved by all who knew liei-, and many an immigrant, in the early settlement 151 (if tlie country, liad cause to bless her, for, to tlie poor and needy, the sick or afflicted, she was indeed a "Lady Bountiful," and the memory of her gentle manners, her good deeds and abounding charities long survived her. ]\Ioney was plentv while the war of 1812 lasted; the limited sujiply of produce found ready sale at good prices, to the purvey- ors of the Northwestern army. The erection of public buildings later cn^ated a great demand for labor. After the war came a reaction. Wages were i)aid excdusively in trade and all business BLACKSMITH SHOP WHERE GEN. HARRISON HAD HIS HORSES SHOD ; STILT, STANDING CORNER BROAD AND GIFT STREETS. degenerated into mci'e barter. Whisky was the standard of values, and it was but offered and received in purchases and the payment of debts. All the stores sold it, along with dry goods, groceries and hardware, and its use was almost universal. The following letter written by Henry Brown, a Franklinton mer- chant during that period, to John W. Waddle, father of Angus Waddle, of Columbus, throws some additional light on trade and the manner in which the war affected it. Mr. Brown was in Philadelphia, evidently on a buying expedition, when he wrote under date of October 7, 1813; 152 "I have just received your favor of the 25tli inst., enclosing check for $500, which shall be appropriated to your use. Your proposition of sending goods to Maiden I think well of; i. e., after we get possession of it; provided a proper person can be had to conduct the business, which I apprehend there will be some diffi- culty in procuring. I will bring on the articles which I suppose necessary for that market. I started the greater part of the goods from the 21st to 25th last month; your goods, with the exception of groceries and shoes, are packed with mine. I loaded one wagon, the receipt of which I forwarded Dr. Goodale direct to Franklinton at $Y.50 per cwt., for you and Goodale, with gro- ceries. "I am now purchasing goods for Chillicothe in partnershii) with Mr. Amaziah Davidson; the business will in future be con- ducted under the firm of Waddle & Davidson. Goods are now enormously high and rising daily. They have rise^i 25 per cent, since I came to the city. I have no doubt the goods I first pur- chased would bring me that advance now; coffee, 28 cents; Y. H. tea, $2.25; Hyson skin, $1.50; Imperial, $3.00; lump sugar, 82c; loaf, 34c ; flannel blankets and coarse cloths more than 400 per cent, on the sterling cost; three-point blankets, $8.25 per pair; 3 1-2 point, $10; there is no coarse cloth to be had imder $2.50, such as we formerly purchased at $1.40. Loaf sugar is ex- pected to be 50 cents here before spring if war continues. Mus- lin and India goods generally very much advanced. Calicoes sold today at auction at 80 cents by the package." CHAPTER IX. AFTER THE WAR. Columbus was incorporated as a borough in 1816. The 'orig'ht prospects of the new town inspired its people with a ])rido which seems to have been resented by the inhabitants in Franklinton. A union of the two towns was proposed but was stoutly and successfully resisted by the Franklintonians. Fol- lowing is a copy of a bill which was drafted to that end : "Be it enacted, etc., that so much of the township of Franklin in the county of Franklin as is included within the limits of the town plat of Franklinton, together with the ground over which any road or roads either now established or which shall be liere- after established shall pass between said town of Franklinton aiul the borough of Columbus, shall be and the same is hereby annexed to and made a part of the said the borough of Columbus, to be known and designated by the name of the Franklinton ward of Columbus. "Second — Be it further enacted, that all rights and privileges granted by the statute passed — or by the amendments thereto — granting corporate powers to the borough of Columbus, shall be enjoyed in the Franklinton ward of Columbus in as full a manner as if said ward had been originally included in the limits of the said borough of Columbus. "Third — Be it further enacted that the amount of all taxes to be levied within the said Franklinton ward of Columbus shall be expended within said ward, and it is hereby made the duty of the corporation in levying taxes, to fix the ratio according to the real interest of the ward for which the said tax is to be expended, anything in the said act of incorporation to the contrary not- withstanding. 154 "And provided always that nothing in this act contained shaP in any way or manner interfere with the present location of the seat of justice, or the rights and privileges reserved by the pro- prietor of sji.id town in his record of the plat thereof." It seems that snch a proposition must actually have been sub- mitted to the General Assembly of the state then in session in Columbus, for under date of only 18 months subsequent to the incorporation of C^olumbus, there is found a memorial prepared by the people of Franklinton praying the legislature to take no cognizance of the proposition to incorporate Franklinton as the Franklinton ward of Columbus. The memorial is somewhat unique in character and it is herewith submitted: "Franklinton, 0., December, 1817. ''To the Honorable, the Senate and House of Representatives, Kow Sitting in General Assembly, of the State of Ohio: "We, the undersigned memorialists, citizens of the town of Franklinton, having observed a notice in the newspapers printed at Columbus, that a petition would be presented to the legis- lature of Ohio at their present session praying for the incorpora- tion of Columbus and Franklinton, including the intermediate ground, we, therefore, by this our memorial, do remonstrate and solemnly declare our most cordial disapprobation against being incorporated or any part of our property being included in any incorporation whatever, because we deem it material to our in- terests to remain as we now are unincorporated. The most of us, whose names are hereunto subscribed as your memorialists, are dependent on agricultural pursuits for the support of ourselves and families, others are pursuing mechanical or such other occu- pation in Franklinton as we deem our interest. "In Franklinton we have extensive and pleasant commons which we now enjoy with all the privileges and advantages that result from a town or country residence. We have now the ad- vantage of raising stock for the support of our families. We do harmoniouslv and mutually enjoy the many advantages resulting from our situation much better and more to our wishes than we should do if we were involved in the discord, feuds and party factions that would ensue under incorporation. For we are well 155 awaro of tlio many cuntcntions and differences of opinion which wonld naturally arise from the different views and clashing in- terests of two towns. Many of us were the first and early ad- venturers to Franklinton whilst the surrounding country was an unl)roken forest. We have cast our lots in Franklinton and we wish to remain unincoi-yjorated until we