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 GUIDE 
 
 TO 
 
 SELF-KNOWLEDGE: 
 
 THE 
 
 FUNDAMENTAL POWERS OF THE HUMAN MIND 
 
 PRACTICALLY APPLIED, 
 
 AS MANIFESTED 
 
 THROUGH THE BRAIN, 
 
 IN 
 
 SEVEN DEGREES OF DEVELOPEMENT; 
 
 WITH 
 
 INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS AND REMARKS, 
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE SCIENCE OF PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 BY T. H. PONS. 
 
 ADAPTED TO THE CHARACTER OF 
 
 I2tflt)t|) HUition. 
 
 BOSTON: 
 SAXTON AND PEIRCE. 
 
 GENERAL PHRENOLOGICAL DEPOT. 
 No. 1334 Washington Street. 
 

 7 
 
 m 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1841, 
 
 By T. H. Pons, 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. 
 
 STI i> 
 
 S. N. Dickinson, Printer, 
 52 Washington St. 
 
INTUOIHCTORY OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 Phi r, by its advocates, is assumed to bo the only true 
 
 and practical science of the human mind ; as by its agency we 
 are enabled to elucidate the heretofore inexplicable phenomena 
 of mental action. The mind itself, independent of its connec- 
 tion with matter, cannot be a subject of philosophical investi- 
 gation, more than the spiritual essence of the Deity ; and all 
 attempts to do so, are but a perversion of the divine powers of 
 mind vested in man for useful purposes. The only means we 
 of becoming acquainted with it is, by observing its effects 
 when connected with its coporeal agents — its instruments of 
 manifestation ; and from data thus collected we can draw 
 correct conclusions as to its legitimate sphere of action, direct 
 its uses, and be prepared to correct any abuse. 
 
 For the discovery of this useful science, the world is in- 
 debted to the penetrating genius of Francois Joseph Gall, a 
 u una. From an early age he was characterized 
 for great powers of observation ; and from circumstances con- 
 ted with his education, he was afterwards led particularly to 
 scrutinize the dispositions and talents of his associates, fri< 
 and individuals in general. The facts which made the moil 
 forcible im on nil mind were, the different dispositions 
 
 and aptitudes manifested by his brother*, listers, and school- 
 i each had i fancy, be< ■ bed to the 
 
 same infl <1 that their qualities of 
 
 mind could not have been d\ : from circumstances, as 
 
IV INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 has often been taught, bat originated in differences of natural 
 constitution. 
 
 For a series of years he patiently pursued his investigations, 
 until by an accumulation of facts before unprecedented, he felt 
 himself warranted in laying his system before the public. The 
 first written notice of his doctrines appeared in 1798; he had, 
 however, for two years previous, expressed his opinions in public 
 lectures. His doctrine was received by many as truth, and 
 represented with greater or less exactness, according as it was 
 understood by his disciples. 
 
 Dr. Gall, by publishing to the world his discoveries, was not 
 exempted from the same fate that has followed all great dis- 
 coverers in physical and mental science. Contempt and ridi- 
 cule were liberally bestowed upon him from all quarters ; and 
 he was at last virtually banished from his own land, by an edict 
 being issued prohibiting his lectures unless by special permis- 
 sion from the government. 
 
 In 1805, he left Vienna, in company with Dr. Spurzheim, who 
 had been connected with Gall since 1800 ; but who, from his 
 own account, was merely a hearer of this great philosopher, 
 until 1804, when they became permanently connected, and 
 continued the investigation of the science in common, until 
 1813, when the connection was dissolved. 
 
 Dr. Gall resided in Paris from 1807 till his death, which 
 occurred in August, 1828, in the seventy-second year of his age. 
 " His remains were followed to the grave by an immense con- 
 course of friends and admirers, five of whom pronounced 
 discourses on the occasion." Every homage was paid to this 
 illustrious man, after his death, by all the most distinguished 
 savans that Paris possessed — and nothing was wanting to his 
 glory. 
 
 To Dr. Spurzheim is due the honor of classifying the facts 
 discovered by Gall, and embodying them in a more perfect 
 system, together with many important discoveries of his own. 
 By his pergonal exertion, the science was promulgated in Great 
 
UfTRODUCTOET OBSERVATIONS. V 
 
 Britain and America, the principal field of his labors, with great 
 exactness and | a talk for which he was eminently 
 
 qualified, by hit talents, ami deep and familiar knowl- 
 
 of the Bubject. But to Dr. Gall alone belong! the honor 
 of discovering the true physiology of the brain, and its mental 
 functi 
 
 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 1. The brain is the organ by which the mind manifests itself, 
 and without which no mental action can take place during life. 
 This proposition is now admitted by all enlightened Physiolo- 
 gists, who by do means favor the science of Phrenology. It is 
 also established by the following proofs : — 
 
 1. *• Consciousness localizes the mind in the head, and gives 
 us a full conviction that it is there situated, though it does not 
 reveal the agent of its action. 
 
 2. There are no manifestations of the mental faculties, with- 
 out the existence of a brain. 
 
 3. The natural manifestations are imperfect in the same ratio 
 that the brain is defective, which may be noticed in many 
 individuals who have been idiotic-from birth. 
 
 4. If the brain be very large, and in a healthy state, the 
 mental powers are very energetically manifested. 
 
 5. As the brains of individuals increase or diminish, so also 
 do their mental manifestations, in the same proportion. 
 
 6. The manifestations of the mind always bear a relation to 
 the perfection of the cerebral mass. 
 
 7. A violent blow on the head, or a pressure of blood or any 
 other fluid upon the brain, produces insensibility. 
 
 v O] .in. or any other poison, by acting on the brain, sus- 
 pends the Operation of the mind." 
 
 II. " The brain is not a single organ, the whole of which is 
 engaged in every mental operation, but an ga or con- 
 
 geries of organs, each of which performs a distinct function 
 This proposition is proved, — 
 
 V 
 
M raODUCTOET or.si.RVATIONS. 
 
 I. I v. Ditli i iiit functions in the body have always 
 
 ire nerves for motion ; other nerves for 
 - for touch, taste, smell, hearing and 
 
 Ml the mental powers are not equally developed at the 
 . which they should be, if the brain be a unit 
 rent faculties are stronger in some individuals than 
 
 1. In dreams, some faculties are active while others are dor- 
 mant. 
 
 5. It recollects some things much better than others. 
 
 6. It experiences rest from fatigue by a change of studies. 
 
 7. Partial genius could not exist, were the brain a unit. 
 
 8. Partial insanity. 
 
 9. The recorded effects of partial injuries of the brain. 
 
 10. The authority of Haller, Fodere, Bell, and many other 
 distinguished physiologists. Most metaphysicians have admit- 
 ted that the mind manifests a plurality of faculties, though by no 
 means through definite physical agents. The discovery that it 
 does employ these agents, was left to immortalize Dr. Gall. 
 
 III. " Size, other conditions being equal, is a measure of 
 power." This proposition is supported by analogy through- 
 out nature; and "by observation. The conditions to be observed 
 are: 1st, Temperament; 2nd, Age; 3d, Health; and 4th, Exer- 
 cise. Phrenologists contend that if these conditions are equal 
 in two individuals, the one possessed of the largest organs will 
 manifest superior powers of mind. These conditions should 
 be kept in view, also, when comparing different compartments 
 of the brain ; for one individual may have a smaller brain than 
 another, and yet manifest the greatest amount of intellectual 
 power. This will be seen to arise from the small brain being 
 endowed with a larger intellectual lobe than the larger brain. 
 But here the conditions vary ; and the judgment of the two 
 must vary accordingly. 
 
 [V. The form and size of the brain, and each of its parts, 
 
rRODUC nmv 0B8ERV kTIOHi i n 
 
 aed from the externa] appeeranoe of the head, 
 — while the health, «Ve. can be easily determined l>y other ex- 
 
 TEMPERAMENI 
 
 Mr. Combe, in his "System of Phrenology," girea thefbllow- 
 lptk>D of the temperamental 
 
 1. " The Lymphatic temperament if distinouishablo by a 
 round form of the body, softness oi' the muecnlar system, reple- 
 tion of the cellular tissue, fail hair, and | pale, elear skin. It is 
 accompanied by languid vital actions, with weakness, and slow- 
 ■culation. The brain, as a part of the system, is 
 also tl ml. and feeble in its action, and the mental man- 
 
 proportionally weak. 
 The Sanguine temperament is indicated by well denned 
 18, moderate plumpness of person, tolerable firmness of flesh, 
 light hair, inclining to chesnut, blue eyes, and fair complexion, 
 with ruddiness of countenance. It is marked by great activity of 
 the blood 7ea» Is. fondness for exercise, and an animated counte- 
 nance. The brain partakes of the general state, and is active. 
 
 be Bilious temperament is recognized by black hair, 
 dark skin, moderate fullness, and much firmness of flesh, with 
 harshly ei utline of person. The functions partake of 
 
 great energy of action, which extends to the brain, and the 
 count in consequence, shows strong, marked, and 
 
 decided features. 
 
 4. "The Nervous temperament is recognised by fine, thin 
 hair, thin skin, small, thin muscles, quickness in muscular 
 motion, paleness of countenance, and often d< lieate health. The 
 whole nervous system, including the brain, is predominantly 
 active, and the mental manifestations proportionally vivacious. 
 
 "When comparing different brains, the temperament should 
 always be to ; because tw be of the 
 
 size, but if one be of the lvmphatie. rod the other of the nervous 
 temperament, there will be great difference in the powers of 
 manifesting the faculties.*' 
 
riH IN l 'ROD! ( TORY OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 PHRENOLOGY IS ESTABLISHED BY OBSERVATION 
 AND INDUCTION. 
 
 •In Phrenology that faculty is considered as fundamental, 
 primary, ox special, — 
 
 1. Which exists in one kind of animals and not in another; 
 
 '2. Which varies in the two sexes of the same species; 
 
 3. Which is not proportionate to the other faculties of indi- 
 viduals ; 
 
 4. Which is not manifested simultaneously with the other 
 faculties, that is, which appears or disappears singly, at earlier 
 or later periods of life ; 
 
 5. Which may act or rest singly ; 
 
 6. Which is propagated in a distinct manner from parents to 
 children ; 
 
 7. Which may singly preserve its proper state of health, or 
 be attacked by disease. Finally : 
 
 8. Its existence is placed beyond doubt, if its peculiar organ 
 be made known by repeated observation. 
 
 Phrenology, like every other science, is established by ob- 
 servations repeated both in the positive and negative way, (1,) 
 in individuals ; (2,) in both sexes ; (3,) in different nations ; (4,) 
 in criminals ; (5,) in insane persons. It is confirmed by anato- 
 my, comparative phrenology, and by the natural language. " 
 
 UTILITY OF PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 1. " Phrenology is a powerful support to morality and religion. 
 
 2. It is the only true philosophy. 
 
 3. It is the foundation of a sound doctrine on insanity. 
 
 4. It guides our judgment in social intercourse. 
 
 5. It is the true basis of education. 
 
 G. Its principles and practice are invaluable in jurisprudence, 
 civil and criminal. 
 
 7. It not only teaches us to know ourselves, but it goes a step 
 farther, and teaches us to know others also. 
 
iNTRODrcTonv OBSERVATIONS. IX 
 
 8. By demonstrating the natural variety of human dispositions 
 
 and talents, and the ini of our strongest motives, it 
 
 loudly urges us to judge charitably <>f the actions of others, 
 and to make allowance tor their imperfections — to lay upon no 
 individual more than he is aide to bear, and to desifll from the 
 mad attempt! which have so often heen made, to assimilate to 
 one common standard the opinions of the whole community. " 
 
 ! (cation OF THE FACULTIES. 
 
 ■ The powers of the human mind consist, of two grand 
 es; the first, comprising those powers by means of which 
 
 we are enabled to attain a knowledge of the objects of nature ; 
 the i uprising those powers by which we are impelled 
 
 to ac i 
 
 u Each of these classes places man in relation to some external 
 objects. The effect of the first class is, to place objects of external 
 nature within man's cognizance or knowlege ; — the effect of the 
 latter is, to induce actions from man, directed towards these 
 external object 
 
 •• Thai class of faculties which impels to actions, is termed 
 the PROPELLENTS ; and that class which gives us knowl- 
 of objects, the COMPREHENSIVES. 
 
 " Each of these two classes is capable of being divided into 
 distinct group*. Each of these groups comprises a number of 
 faculties which combine, in the effects produced by them indi- 
 vidually, to the attainment of some end in man's condition, 
 which is absolutely necessary for him, constituted as he is.'' 
 
 PHRENOLOGICAL CHARACTER. 
 
 J MI \s I I I 
 
 uzi of the phrenological organs of the 
 
 individual examine nsequentlv r and 
 
 energy of his primary mental powers, — thai is, his moral and 
 
 .! character and vian ■ Will be indicated by the 
 
 printed figures 1, 2, 3, 4. iure 1 signifying very MALI 
 
I INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 2, small; 3, moderate ; 4, average; 5, full; 6, large; 7, 
 rxm i m 
 
 A Dash ( — ) /"/ore a figure indicates the number marked. 
 The sio ii +, (plus, or more,) placed before the dash, shows that it 
 is larger than it is marked, yet not enough so to require the 
 ih \t larger figure; the sign O, (minus, or less,) that it is not 
 quite as much as it is marked. These signs add and diminish 
 about one-half of a degree. 
 
 Definitions. — 1, or Very Small, means almost wholly 
 wanting ; 2, or Small, feeble and inactive ; 3, or Moderate, 
 signifies rather below mediocrity ; active only in a subordinate 
 degree ; and having only a limited influence upon the mind and 
 character ; 4, or Average, means fair, or between moderate 
 and full, and includes the general analysis of the faculties ; 5, 
 or Full, signifies respectable, though not marked or control- 
 ling ; 6, or Large, applied to an organ, shows that its corres- 
 ponding faculty has a powerful and an energetic influence upon 
 the capabilities and feelings, if not conduct ; 7, or Very Large, 
 means predominant, especially over the less energetic faculties ; 
 constituting and giving tone and direction to the character and 
 talents ; easily excited, and powerful in action ; and quite liable 
 to perversion and abuse." 
 
GUIDE 
 
 SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 COMBINED POWERS. 
 
 ANIMAL rOWER. 
 
 7. Excessive Animal Power. 
 
 6. Large " M 
 
 5. Full " " 
 
 4. Av< " 
 
 3. M " M 
 
 -mail " « 
 
 1. Very Small " " 
 
 VOLITIVE POV 
 
 7. Excessive Force of Will 
 
 :r L re " M 
 
 :». Full' ", M 
 
 4. Average u m 
 
 Moderate M " 
 
 2. Small M M 
 
 1 . Very Small " " 
 
 MORAL POW>' 
 
 7. Excessive Moral Power. 
 
 (>. Large 
 
 5. Full 
 
 4. Avernorp 
 
 3. Moderate 
 
 2. Small 
 
 1. Very Small 
 
 INTELLECTUAL POWER. 
 
 ?. Excessive Intel. Power. 
 
 6. La rge 
 
 5. Fulf 
 
 4. Av< 
 
 3. Moderate 
 
 2. Smfill 
 
 J. Very Small 
 
 Tho proportion to the whole, in which these different parts 
 of the Drain are developed, must be duly considered in order 
 properly to understand t -vr. It' the Animal power be 
 
 n there will be ret of character; but the 
 
 sions will not be carried m instant impal 
 
 wet is large. And this will ; with the 
 
 llectuaj \> • it' the part- a equal 
 
 in tl. will ho a general equanimity i 
 
 tion. Da in this case will depend on tin- stare] 
 
 ment of the individual powers of mind. 
 
12 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 TEMPERAMENTS. 
 
 NKRYOUS. 
 
 El livily and excitability of the feelings and intel- 
 
 lect — indisposed to physical action — great want of muscular 
 r— susceptible of great misery or joy — feels deeply, keenly, 
 quickly. 
 
 SANGUINE. 
 
 E.\ livity of the muscular system — indisposed to 
 
 sedentary pursuits — intellectual action sparkling, not nervous 
 or painful — feelings buoyant and pleasing. 
 
 Excessive vigor of the muscular sj T stem — intellectual action 
 excessively strong and enduring, and but moderately active — 
 requires great excitement to rouse up the mind to its full power 
 of action. 
 
 LYMPHATIC. 
 
 Excessive inactivity of the muscular system — great want of 
 mental life and action — very obtuse and dull in all operations of 
 mind — greatly indisposed either to mental or physical activity. 
 
 These constitutional qualities are very seldom found in a 
 pure state in any individual. In the mercantile community the 
 Nervous Bilious is the most frequent combination. In the 
 literary, the Nervous Sanguine, and Nervous Sanguine Bilious. 
 In the laboring, the Sanguine Bilious. They may be changed, 
 ia a great measure, by attending to those duties which excite 
 the one and render less active the others. It is very important 
 in judging character, to observe carefully the quantity of each 
 one of the simple constitutional elements which enter into the 
 combination. For example : if the Nervous be marked 4, and 
 either of the others be marked 2, then the Nervous will stamp &s 
 peculiar character upon the action of the mind with double the 
 force of the other, and the mental powers will be active accord- 
 ingly. These conditions should never be omitted. 
 
 Order I. Propellent Powers. 
 GENUS 1.— PRESERVATIVE GROUP. 
 
 The combined action of these propensities is, to preserve sim- 
 ple existence* 
 
 YITATIVENESS, OR LOVE OF LIEE. 
 
 No external indications of the strength of this propensity have 
 Liscovered, therefore its degrees have not been analysed. 
 
GUIDE TO SFLF-KNOY\ U.ix.r.. 13 
 
 I.— ALIMENTIVENESS, 
 
 1 Little desire to cat ; partakes of food only when Dature 
 
 requires it. then cats without regard to quality; takes no 
 
 pleasure in the luxuries of the table. 
 
 •J with large strength of system and much exercise may cat 
 
 rtilv. hut pays little if any regard to the quality of the 
 
 d eaten, provided the quantity he sufficient. 
 
 3 Hi- some choice of food, but generally eats that which is 
 
 hearty j with strong constitutional powers and plenty of oxer- 
 
 will not <-are much what the quality of food may 1" 
 that enough be had. 
 
 4 Fond of L r,,i> d food, hut docs not regard the quality as of the 
 
 importance — quantity, if exercise be great, considered 
 sequence. 
 
 5 Relish Lkes some pains to hare the best, espe- 
 cially if ntution, and of sedentary habits, 
 otherwise, may eat heartily, and relish rather coarse food. 
 
 lerable delight in the luxuries of the table ; often 
 thinks of what will relish best: likes to have the hoard fur- 
 nished with the best the season affords; somewhat of an epi- 
 cure ; rather dainty ; generally much pleased with confection 
 ary and sweets. 
 
 the greatest pleasure in having all the luxuries 
 
 of " * Idom satisfied unless eating of the very 
 
 merely to gratify taste ; is much of an 
 
 epicure: dainty ; if exercise be very great, may eat to surfeit. 
 
 RESJ tRKS. 
 
 The legitimate function of this propensity is to give quality 
 of taste, and the instinct for food. Its organ is located at the 
 rain, in front of the external opening of the ear. 
 immediately above the zigomatic arch. When large, this 
 portion of the head swells out round and full. It is always 
 large in children ; hence, the obligation devolving on parents 
 to see that it be properly regulated. A child should never be 
 to obedience, or to the accomplishment of any under- 
 taking, by the presentment of sweet-meats, or cakes, as ifl 
 
 '•indulgent parents. By so doing, the most 
 subverted to evil purposes, and a 
 factit d. which very often leads to drun 
 
 and gluttony; and^if Amativeness be large, to the most 
 
 .Id he administered. 
 
 and : If the propensity he weak, and 
 
 murh (ten eat its food in t<<> 
 
 great y impair its d This 
 
 Sufficient time should 
 be devoted to bat the gastric juice may accumulate 
 
li GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 in quantities sufficient to insure the proper digestion of the 
 food.* 
 
 GENUS 2. DOMESTIC OR SOCIAL GROUP. 
 
 That class of faculties, whose combined effect is to consti- 
 tute Man a domestic being. 
 
 2. AMATIVENESS. 
 
 1 Insensibility to physical love ; indifference to the opposite 
 sex ; experiences no pleasure in their society, and has few or 
 no sexual feelings. 
 
 2 Has seldom any sexual desires or emotions of physical love, 
 and never courts unlawful connexions with the opposite sex. 
 
 3 Experiences sometimes modified desires for physical con- 
 nexion of the sexes, increased by their immediate presence. 
 
 4 Manifests rather a strong desire for the physical connexion of 
 the sexes, and experiences some ardor in the association. 
 
 5 Is susceptible of much delight by sexual manifestations, and 
 courts their accomplishment; but if the moral qualities be 
 large, will seek gratification in matrimonial connexion. 
 
 G Is keenly alive to sexual emotions and manifests a strong 
 desire for their gratification; uncontrolled by the moral feel- 
 ings, seeks their gratification in illicit amours, &c. 
 
 7 Possesses almost uncontrollable desires for sexual intercourse ; 
 great depth and intensity of amorous emotions, which, if not 
 restrained by high moral feelings, will beget lascivious looks, 
 thoughts and words, and lead to the most debasing immoral- 
 ities. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The reproduction of the species is the primary object of this 
 propensity, and its organ is located at the base of the brain, in 
 direct communication with the nerves of sensation. When 
 large, it gives a full rounded appearance to the lower back 
 part of the head, at the nape of the neck. Under this condition, 
 it is very liable to abuse. Its exciting object is the " presence 
 of the opposite sex ;" and when in their society, its excitement 
 must be carefully avoided. 
 
 Parents should pay very particular attention to the training 
 of this propensity, as in its earliest manifestations are sown the 
 seeds of future vice. The restraint placed upon it must be that 
 of acquainting the child with its legitimate uses, and the evils 
 
 * For fiomn excellent pu^ostions relating to this propensity, see " Warne'a 
 Phrenology in the Fumily." 
 
GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 15 
 
 that it will engender, if left without restraint from the moral 
 qualities and the understanding, [gnorance is ■ more frequent 
 
 source ol* evil than motive, in the manifestation of this feeling. 
 
 3. PHILOPROGENITIVfiNESS. 
 
 1 Has no pleasure in the society of infants ; little or no interest 
 in the sports and amusements Of children ; and. If a parent, 
 
 will treat them as the other faculties may dictate. 
 
 2 May feel some alight emotions of kindness toward infants; 
 some interest in the pastimes oi^ the youn-r. and, as a parent, 
 if the moral organs he larjro. would regard them more as 
 objects of necessity than affection. 
 
 Manifests kindliness of feeling toward infancy; devotessome 
 
 attention to what interests children, particularly one's own ; 
 
 but if Combati veness and Destructireness predominate over 
 
 Benevolence, will treat them with much severity. - 
 A Experiences some pleasure in the society of the young and 
 
 helpless ; would not, however, often court their presence, but 
 
 manifest some sympathy in their little wants, joys and sor- 
 
 rov, 
 5 Is rather affectionate toward children and infants ; partici- 
 tes much in their sports and enjoyments; generally notices 
 
 them when present, and seeks their society; as a parent, 
 
 unless habitually irritable, would contribute much to their 
 
 happiness, and treat them affectionately. 
 
 S mpathizes deeply in all the wants and sorrows of infancy ; 
 
 seldom passes a child without noticing it ; fondles and 
 
 caresses the young; and, as a parent, takes deep delight in 
 
 their joys and sports. 
 7 Possesses the most vivid emotions of kindness and sympathy 
 
 (br infants; delights in caressing and tending upon them; 
 
 liable to over-indulge, idolize, and often to be imverned by 
 m ; will experience a deep and lasting grief when bereaved 
 
 of a child. 
 
 The preservation of the young is the primary object of this 
 
 Its organ is located directly above Amativenoss, 
 
 and forms the most prominent point at the hark part of the 
 
 h'-ad. When large, it pi i full and rounded 
 
 i, it is prominent and pointed. The 
 
 ttion of this propensity should be carefully 
 
 guarded a| the whole influence Of the understanding, 
 
 as in this degree ofdevelopement it i ugly liable to abuse. 
 
 4. ADHESIVENESS. 
 
 1 Insensible to attachment : dead to the perception of 
 
 friendship; D 00 from sinister motives, 
 
l(i M IDF. TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 but never realizes it ; will abandon those deemed friends with 
 reateat indifferent e. 
 
 2 Experiences but little the sentiment of personal attachment; 
 forms slight friendships, and parts with those who may have 
 been acknowledged friends with little feelings of regret, almost 
 with indifference. 
 
 3 May be benevolent and kind toward friends, and experience 
 sonic pleasure in their society, but when separated expe- 
 riences little regret, and soon becomes estranged and indif- 
 ferent toward them; never forms lasting personal attach- 
 ments, and if selfish, makes friends but tools for self-gratifica- 
 tion. 
 
 4 May experience rather warm emotions of friendship while 
 the objects are present, and seem ardently attached, but real- 
 izes little regret when separated, and soon forgets the connec- 
 tion, unless other motives be called in to aid personal affec- 
 tion. 
 
 5 Manifests warm personal attachments when the objects of it 
 are present, and when absent often regrets the separation ; 
 forms many friends and adheres to them well unless other 
 motives of a selfish nature predominate. 
 
 6 Is ardently devoted to friends and forms many lasting attach- 
 ments; will become quickly united by affection to those who 
 please ; sacrifices many personal considerations to promote 
 their interests, and deplores their loss or absence as a serious 
 calamity. 
 
 7 Becomes excessively attached to persons upon the slightest 
 acquaintance, arid manifests such ardor of personal friendship 
 as to be almost inconsolable at the loss of a friend ; very often 
 also exhibits strong affection when the object of it is unworthy. 
 
 This propensity is the source of social union, and its organ is 
 situated a little above and on each side of Philoprogenitiveness. 
 When small, this region is flat or sunken; when large it is 
 broad and rounded. Its manifestation in excess of developement 
 should be restrained by the whole weight of the understanding. 
 In order to cultivate the growth of its organ, parents should 
 always impress upon the minds of their children that no one 
 member of the family is more beloved than another, as a contrary 
 mode of conduct will engender in the youthful mind a spirit of 
 hatred and envy; but if properly exercised and trained it can 
 be made the source of great benefit, both to parents and children. 
 
 5. INHABITIVENESS. 
 
 I Po attachment to place; takes as much delight in 
 
 one habitation as another ; forms no local affections, and 
 
GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 17 
 
 removes from one pari of the world to toother, without regret 
 at the separation from the homestead where born. 
 4 J Has very little affection lor the particular ipot where born or 
 
 educated; all local attachments weak, and liable to be broken 
 
 at the command of interest; seldom regrets leaving the place 
 
 of nativity, and soon becomes weaned from it. 
 
 ines much attached to any place where interest 
 
 directs the abode ; abandons all Connection with locality with 
 
 little feeling of sorrow, and easily becomes estranged from 
 
 home. 
 
 •1 II Dally become somewhat attached to the home of 
 
 childhood, but will separate from it al tin 1 dictates of interest; 
 would soon become estranged from one place and give all 
 il b>ve to another ; may sometimes be a little homesick, 
 but 1 1 . . t Oi 
 
 5 Experiences rather disagreeable emotions of regret at parting 
 from home, and would find it difficult to leave the place where 
 born and educated without the hope of returning ; forms rather 
 str attachments. 
 
 6 For g- affection for place; is dearly attached to home 
 and country ; readily forms local attachments where obliged 
 to dwell, but grieves much at leaving the home where born; 
 finds it difficult to remove affection from the spot around 
 which are clustered many and delightful associations, and 
 where many agreeable hours have been spent; often experi- 
 ene 
 
 7 Air luster around the hearth-stone of home ; regards 
 the place of birth "as the holiest spot on the face of the 
 earth :"' speaks with enthusiasm of country and home ; will 
 abandon them only from necessity, and leave them but to 
 return . exceedingly t'nnd of permanency in a place; dwells 
 with morbid delight upon the rocks and hills, and flowing 
 streams of childhoods days ; and should necessity compel a 
 change of n - I would be contemplated with feelings 
 of deep 'i tiers much from home-sickness. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The primary function of this propensity is to give the love 
 
 of place and liome ; it also begets the desire of permanence in 
 
 •.-I is located immediately above Philoprogenitive- 
 
 when lar • prominence and height to this 
 
 part of the head. 
 
 It is a principle in the economy of nature that all parts of the 
 earth should be peopled; the excessive msnifestation of this 
 propensity, therefore, would prove highly detrimental! inasmuch 
 as it would pr> ! • harrier to emigration, the 
 
 establishment of colonic ;ly, the propensity 
 
 should be !, cultivated, or modified, according as its 
 
18 (.1 IDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 manifestations may be t«»o excessive or too feeble. If they be toe* 
 . the parent should impress upon the child's mind that 
 field is the world." and that it is its duty to sustain a part 
 in the cultivation of it ; that every part has its own peculiar 
 Mltiea urging to its cultivation, and also its enjoyments to 
 reward us lor our labor. If too feeble, the delights of home- 
 should he presented as a means to promote the growth of the 
 organ of this propensity, and its consequent power of action. 
 
 GENUS 3. PROTECTIVE GROUP. 
 
 That class of faculties, whose combined activity prompts man 
 to constant vigilance, and circumspection before action ; with 
 the ability to resist aggression, and inflict such punishment as 
 will secure future peace ; also the power of keeping down the 
 manifestation of such feeling and opinions as may prove inju- 
 rious by free expression. 
 
 6. COMBATIVENESS. 
 
 1 Possesses no presence of mind in critical circumstances; 
 never opposes or contends ; very easily overcome ; yields any 
 right rather than quarrel for it ; may be rash but never cour- 
 ous . 
 
 *-i -Manifests little if any disposition to oppose ; not quarrelsome ; 
 will do or suffer much to avoid disputation ; exhibits great 
 deficiency of power to contend for personal rights ; makes 
 feeble resistance. 
 
 J If compelled by force of circumstances may occasionally man- 
 ifest some courage, but will easily surrender; not warlike or 
 fond of military pursuits ; avoids collision; generally found 
 i the side of peace. 
 
 4 Generally peaceful; disinclined to wrangling; some disposi- 
 tion to stand out against aggression ; does not possess a con- 
 tentious disposition ; will contend for rights if required, but 
 had rather leave fighting and contention to others. 
 
 f) Displays considerable presence of mind in dangerous circum- 
 stances ; with good intellect, may be fond of argument; con- 
 tends strongly for rights ; resists aggression; would fight hard 
 if compelled by strong motives, and possesses a fair share of 
 
 COUf 
 
 G Often contends without reasonable motive ; opposes much for 
 the sake of opposition ; courageous, bold and daring; if Cau- 
 tiousness he small will get rashly into danger, but if large will 
 not venture without motive ; if Conscientiousness be large, 
 will maintain the right at all hazards. 
 
 7 II is great desire to contend, dispute and oppose; will " con- 
 fute, change sides, and still confute;" loves to " contradict 
 aggressively, and to resist defensively ;" is remarkably bold 
 3 daring; manifests great presence of mind in appalling 
 
< ■ r I 1 > I. TO SI.M'-KNOW! ED4 10 
 
 circumstam r for the exciteuu m it pro- 
 
 . hut if Cautiousness be large, will be careful amidst 
 peril, it" amaU, will dash headlong without feat of conse- 
 quence*. 
 
 Tin 1 legitimate function of this propensity is t<> oppose ; it 
 also confers the quality of cour Its organ is located about 
 
 an inch hack of,8nd OD a level with, the tops of the ears. When 
 
 !««t* the head is round, full, and presents great 
 
 In children, there is BCSJCe a quality 
 of mind more difficult to train, than that of Opposition; and 
 
 indulgent parents too often stimulate the growth of its organ, 
 
 by learning their children to strike, vVc thinking it looks 
 cunn ey must beware ! This cunning, as it seems, will 
 
 make the child* contentious, and difficult to govern, A j 
 
 - is desirable, as il i ir; 'i^> ullt 
 
 it must be carefully trained. 
 
 7 DESTRUCTIVENESS. 
 
 1 Is i [y inefficient; no force of character; has almost 
 
 total want of power and energy ; incapable of manifesting 
 ity ; never f< i Is an impulse to revenge. 
 rreatwaut< of character; verytame 
 
 and >ses hut very little severity, forceful - 
 
 not in the least revengeful ; and excessively 
 hard to an 
 
 3 Is not passionate or easily angered; will suffer almost any 
 
 ith lameness ; has some forcefulnesa and energy, but 
 litt' Lion to revenge ; maybe angered, but the anger 
 
 will 
 
 4 Has fair force and emphasis of feeling, and will not submit 
 to every insult without sng E : is not passionate or irascible ; 
 has . and is sometimes severe ; with Concentra- 
 tiveness large Will n insult. 
 
 5 Is generally rather forcible and emphatic in feeling and action ; 
 ma nation when irritated, but is not ha- 
 bitually irritable; is rather harsh am in anger; With 
 
 < ful. 
 
 and deep force of fi eling, severity, and 
 
 powerful keen indignation 
 
 and has 
 
 to he revengeful, fierce in 
 
 nd malicious ; apt to cut the 
 
 with harsh A < , to burst 
 
 OUt On witlire.' 
 
 cruel, and liable to commit CI 
 
20 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 The legitimate function of this propensity is to bring* man in 
 harmony with nature, and give him that force and energy of 
 character, which are necessary to his present existence. Its 
 organ is located immediately above the ear, and breadth in that 
 ii indicates its size. From the abuse of this propensity 
 many evils to individuals and society, — such as revenge, 
 murder, wanton destruction, &c. It is therefore necessary that 
 parents should be particular in training its manifestations — 
 frequent irritation has a tendency to promote the growth of its 
 organ. Be not too harsh, or the child will be the same in disposi- 
 tion — manifest anger, and the child will, also. Kindness modi- 
 lies this propensity, and strengthens Benevolence. 
 
 8. SECRETIVENESS. 
 
 1 Has no power of concealment; expresses every thought and 
 emotion by word or action, as they arise; is remarkably can- 
 aid and open. 
 
 2 Possesses very little art; seldom, if ever, harbors a thought 
 or emotion, without expressing it; is much too candid, open 
 and communicative ; has feeble power to control the manifest- 
 ation of each emotion and sentiment. 
 
 3 Manifests much openness and candor; is quite communica- 
 tive ; uses cunning only from strong motives; seldom secre- 
 tive ; finds it difficult to conceal each feeling and thought. 
 
 4 More disposed to candor than artfulness; can, with little 
 exertion, keep down the expression of sentiments and emo- 
 tions ; is not habitually deceptive, but free and communica- 
 tive. 
 
 5 ( .cnerally discreet in expression ; and rather fond of conceal- 
 ing motives ; but uses art more to effect necessary ends, than 
 for mere purpose of deception. 
 
 6 Is decidedly fond of plots and contrivances ; seldom expresses 
 any motive clearly ; takes circuitous methods to effect even 
 honest purposes ; has great power to conceal emotions and 
 sentiments ; loves to master others' secrets. 
 
 7 Is endowed with excessive power to keep down the manifest- 
 ation of feelings ; makes a practice of concealing everything; 
 is very cunning and artful ; never is seen in true colors ; 
 contrives plots where none exist, worms out all others' secrets, 
 and keeps all that relate to self — without Conscientiousness 
 large, will lie often without regret, and cannot be trusted. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The lecritimate function of this propensity is to conceal, and 
 keep down the manifestation of such emotions and sentiments* 
 
GUIDE TO SELF-KXOWLEDiii:. 21 
 
 as would, if ei Booh disquietude and regret in 
 
 our mutual relations, ;i> members Of society. Its organ is 
 
 ted immediately above, and ■ little front of Destructive] 
 When large, this region id round and full. 
 
 : i iples of its ibnae. 
 
 Children learn to lie with facility when Urn organ is lai 
 and no evil tends to promote the abuse of the propensity, and 
 cons- owth of" the organ more, than the frequent prac- 
 
 tice i ig them, and making them promises which are 
 
 never intended to he performed — never elieat a child, or it will 
 
 learn to do the same — never promise without performing — 
 for a child sin in imitating the example of its parent or 
 
 guardian. 
 
 9. CAUTIOUSNESS. 
 
 1 II ly rash, heedless and reckless: never stops to 
 
 Haider, but is swayed to and fro by each impulse ; is very 
 liable to meet constantly with accidents, tor want of consid- 
 eration. 
 
 aifests great want of consideration and circumspection; 
 nd rash: very seldom looks to the future 
 with apprehension ; has very little care in word or action. 
 
 3 D< > -sess circumspection and forethought enough ; is 
 not sufficiently guarded with care and watchfulness ; apt to 
 be • and rash in action; docs not guard carefully 
 against the coming future. 
 
 4 Looks with some care to the future, but does not hah Una !hj 
 
 much circumspection ; i* rather too much swayed by 
 impulse ; with large Hope, is not prone to regard the future 
 with tear. 
 
 5 Has considerable caution, and is habitually careful J is not 
 often hi i ; takes }\i'fd for the future) rally 
 
 iderable forethought. 
 I a large share of forethought and circumspection : looks 
 well before acting; weighs consequences; is - 
 or rash in ej] r action, unless moved by very strong 
 
 tearful and timid. 
 
 ? M pprehension of future ills even when fortune 
 
 fav bl in action; unless Hope be very 
 
 ifflictetl with blue devils, and i^ely cir- 
 
 cumspect in all things. 
 
 Th' ' big prope: due? 
 
 regap future ; and to be circumspect in mir actions, that 
 
 present or prospective evil maj 
 
 . and little bach lly forms 
 
 the m When 1 
 
22 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 there is i great breadth of this region; distance through denotes 
 its ni 
 
 The fundamental quality of this propensity, is fear; and per- 
 sons possessing it very large, with Combativeness small, are 
 very timid and apprehensive — with Hope small, are very sub- 
 ject to melancholy, despondency, and indecision. 
 
 Parents should" be very circumspect, whose children possess 
 this organ large, that they never be subjected to fear, or to co- 
 tbem by frightening, as is often done, in any manner. 
 Horrible stories have a very evil influence in forming the char- 
 acter of such children ; and promotes great indecision and ti- 
 midity of feeling in after life — rendering them incompetent for 
 active enterprise. 
 
 GENUS 4. VOLITIVE GROUP. 
 
 That class of faculties, whose combined activity carries out 
 acts of will, as determined by each specific power in the group. 
 
 10. SELF-ESTEEM. 
 
 1 Possesses no dignity of feeling ; aspires to nothing great ; has 
 no confidence in powers possessed; is regardless of power ; 
 has no haughtiness of feeling, nor desire to domineer or op- 
 press. 
 
 2 Has very little dignity of character, or love of power ; may 
 have vanity, but has very little pride; is not independent or 
 haughty ; thinks meanly of self; is not self-opinionated. 
 
 J Manifests some self-confidence ; has some pride and indepen- 
 dence of feeling ; has weak desires for power for the sake of 
 exercising it; makes few attempts to accomplish any thing 
 great. 
 
 4 Does not aspire to do great things ; has a fair degree of self 
 respect; is not haughty or overbearing; has good degree of 
 independence of feeling ; manifests some love of power, but 
 is not domineering or proud. 
 
 5 Is rather self»opinionated, and has considerable independence 
 of character ; does not love to be dictated to, — but is fond of 
 dictating, and exercising power ; is apt to have high aspira- 
 tions, and good confidence in self. 
 
 h ]s independent in feeling, and will be so in action, if possi- 
 ble ; bai great love of liberty, and large share of self confi- 
 dence ; is prone to think too much of self; and is particularly 
 fond of having and exercising power. 
 
 7 Possesses overweening self-confidence; is very apt to be in- 
 sensible to the merits of others; regards self and selfish 
 gratification as of paramount importance ; is excessively fond 
 of exercising power; is haughty, proud, and often overbear^ 
 ing and egotistical. 
 
GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 23 
 
 KVM VRKS. 
 
 The legitimate Amotion of this sentiment is to create that de- 
 
 If-confidence and self-respect, which will admit of our 
 independent action, and favor tin* manifestation of such powers 
 
 of mind as wo possess. Us organ is located at the top of the 
 
 head, at the commencement of its slope backwards, hack of 
 Firmness. 
 
 Pettishnei *nce,andc self-love, are some of its 
 
 abuses. Its training, therefore, should he carefully attended to, 
 when largelv developed, or its abuse will be certain. 
 
 Children largely endowed with this sentiment are difficult to 
 govern, and should early be subjected to the influence of whole- 
 itraint, or the sentiment will run riot, and future con- 
 trol will be almost impossible. They should not, however, be 
 ed with Contempt, as inferiors, as this mode irritates the 
 sentiment and insures a more rapid growth of its organ. Firm- 
 tnd decision, mingled with kindness, are its best palliatives, 
 and insure its most effectual subjection. 
 
 11. APPROBATIVENESS. 
 
 1 Excessive want of regard of the good or bad opinion of oth- 
 ers, and indifference to censure or praise ; insensible to flat- 
 tery and fame ; experiences no emotions of vanity or bash- 
 ful ii' 
 
 real indifference to notoriety or the regard of the 
 world; has but little sense of shame, and is but very little 
 wounded by ridicule or scorn ; is not vain or sycophantic. 
 
 3 Is not regardless of the smiles or frowns of society, nor un- 
 susceptible to the charms of praise ; lias fair regard for 
 popularity and fame, but is rather regardless of censure ; is 
 not apt to be vain. 
 
 4 Possesses considerable pride of character; is influenced some 
 by the opinions of others ; is rather sensitive to slander and 
 ridicule ; is rather desirous so to conduct as to please all, and 
 fond 
 
 5 Experiences strong desires for fame and popularity; is quite 
 ambitions of private and public favor: is much wounded by 
 censure or ridicule ; is quite elated by praise, and rather vain ; 
 is quite susceptible to flattery. 
 
 of character, and would suffer very much by 
 
 its 1 approbation of friends or the world in 
 
 every action ; is greatly d by ridicule ; quite ambitious 
 
 of distinction. 
 
 7 Is i ly fond of praise, distinction, fame, admiration of 
 
 public, popularity ; hta very strong emotions of ambition, 
 
 emulation; npushments : extremely sensitive 
 
 to ridicule ; and apt to prize too highly superficial appearan- 
 ces. 
 
34 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 Kl. MARKS. 
 
 The legitimate function of this sentiment is, to prompt us to 
 feel ;i regard lor the opinions of the world, and to adapt our- 
 es to the circumstances and influences into which we are 
 thrown by fortune, so as to insure the greatest amount of pleas- 
 ure to ours. Ives, and peace to society. Its organ is located on 
 either Bide of Self-Esteem, back of Cautiousness; and fullness 
 hack from Cautiousness, denotes its size. Vanity, for useless 
 display, bashfulness, and much regard for flattery, are some of 
 its abuses. When this power is directed to its legitimate 
 source — the approbation of the virtuous, and the Deity — for 
 ttid benevolent actions, we recognise in it much usefulness 
 and iroodness. Parents should be very careful in training this 
 sentiment, — for it is susceptible of being directed as well to 
 evil as good purposes. Low-minded individuals are vain of 
 their prowess in right, or in drinking, or even in killing. This 
 feeling should always be cultivated with the moral and intellec- 
 tual powers — flattery should never be used to induce action on 
 their part ; nor should they be praised for their beauty, as either 
 of these will instil vain principles and insure the rapid growth 
 of the organ of the sentiment, and its consequent power and 
 activity will be increased. Praise a child for its virtue in 
 resisting temptations to vice — for its kindness and justice, and 
 you will insure virtuous principles in after life. 
 
 12. FIRMNESS. 
 
 1 Possesses no stability of purpose ; is totally deficient in per- 
 severance of character ; excessively variable under all cir- 
 cumstances ; manifests no power of will; exceedingly fickle. 
 
 2 Is very unstable and fickle-minded; manifests very little per- 
 severance and determination of character ; possesses very 
 little force of will ; very easily yields under adverse circum- 
 stances. 
 
 3 Has but moderate perseverance and stability of purpose ; 
 manifests but indifferent power to withstand the will of others; 
 
 • t firm or stubborn, but rather fickle and variable. 
 
 1 Will yield rather easily under much disadvantage; is some- 
 what pliant, and convertible to the will of others; may be ob- 
 stinate in a small degree, but is not persevering enough to 
 warrant great success, unless circumstances are favorable. 
 
 '< Manifests a fair degree of perseverance ; is quite determined 
 at times ; may be made to yield under accumulated disadvan- 
 tages; but has considerable stability of purpose and charac- 
 
 6 Has great firmness and perseverance of character; manifests 
 much power of will; is quite destitute of pliancy of charac- 
 ter or fickleness ; pursues objects till accomplished, even under 
 many disadvantages. 
 
(.TIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE, 25 
 
 7 Possesses predominating firmness rod stubbornness of pur- 
 until the List m every undertaking; bai 
 
 it obstinacy of will and stability of character; is very in- 
 flexible in determination. 
 
 ! 
 
 The legitimate function of this sentiment is, to induce 
 
 stabilitv of purposes, and the inclination to persevere to the 
 
 attainment of objects desired. The faculty exhausts its entire 
 r on self, and has DO relation to external objects, independ- 
 ; action. It can be directed, in others, only through fear, 
 the understanding, and milder sentiments. The two last 
 Conditions seem to be the most effectual instruments to be used 
 for its government. Before the understanding becomes dcvel- 
 children, the moral sentiments alone should be the 
 agentl far its subjugation. The reason for this is simple. Fear 
 being used, renders Cautiousness too active, while mildness, 
 mingled with superior firmness, renders the moral sentiments 
 more active, and leaves an inward guardian to the mind when 
 outward restraint is withdrawn. The organ is situated at the 
 apex or top of the head. Passing a line vertically over from 
 either ear, will intersect the front part of the organ. When 
 larije. it is raised considerably above Cautiousness, — when 
 small, if Conscientiousness be also small, the head will present 
 nearly an equal plane across from Cautiousness. If Conscien- 
 tiousness be large, and Firmness small, there will be a hollow at 
 its site. 
 
 13. CO.NCENTRATIVENESS. 
 
 1 Excessively prone to change with each impulse received from 
 the other sentiments as they may spring into activity ; cannot 
 continue in a protracted state of feeling or thinking; con- 
 ntlv changing in feeling and thought. 
 
 I very difficult to confine attention to any subject ; is 
 carried away by the impulse of each emotion ; very variable, 
 and has very little continuity of thought or feeling. 
 
 prone to change often the subject of reflection ; experiences 
 M difficulty in continuing in one state of mind or feeling ; 
 nd of variety. 
 
 4 Hanifi a restless spirit; rather prone to change: 
 rati .It to confine attention to one subject without 
 Others intruding upon the mind; often takes a variety of 
 DM :i object. 
 
 5 Will not experience much difficulty in cultivating habits of 
 atb ttCCS fair continuity of thought — feedings 
 son i isily change the subject of thought 
 and attend to ecta. 
 
 3 
 
JO GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 i. Is much disposed to continue at one subject until thoroughly 
 investigated; has ready power of attention to any subject 
 brought forward; has much continuity of feeling; is often 
 
 absent-minded. 
 ? Manifests mat power of attention; experiences but very sel- 
 i any change in the mode of mental action; very often 
 absorbed by individual train of thought — feelings long pro- 
 tracted, and often absent-minded. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The legitimate function of this sentiment is, to confine the 
 action of one or more faculties to a given point, at direction of 
 will j for, without some quality of this character, the mind 
 would be like a vessel at sea, without rudder, blown about by 
 each emotion which might happen to predominate for the time. 
 Observation establishes the existence of this faculty, and its 
 concomitant organ. It is situated between Self-Esteem and In- 
 habitiveness. When moderate or small, there is generally a 
 hollow at the place named, especially if Inhabitivenessand Self- 
 Esteem be large. 
 
 In order to cultivate this power in children, they should be 
 subjected to change and variety as little as possible. And even 
 this may fail if nature has endowed them with but a small 
 portion of the organ on which it depends for manifestation. 
 Therefore, it is advisable to confine their attention, at first, only 
 to such subjects as are most interesting to their predominating 
 intellectual powers, after which, when strength has been accu- 
 mulated in attention, other subjects may be brought forward 
 with success. 
 
 GENUS 5. MORAL GROUP. 
 
 The combined action of which constitutes Man a moral and 
 religious being. 
 
 14. BENEVOLENCE. 
 
 1 Possesses no sympathetic emotions for the sufferings of others ; 
 has excessive hardness of heart ; is callous to the calls of be- 
 nevolence ; with Destructiveness large, is morose and cruel 
 to excess. 
 
 2 Possesses very little kindness of feeling or sympathy of emo- 
 tion ; has very little generosity ; is hard-hearted, and nearly 
 dead to the emotion of pity; is very regardless of the suffer- 
 ing of others ; when angered, shows little mercy. 
 
 3 Does not manifest much mercy of disposition ; has but little 
 gentleness of character ; rather indifferent to the misery of 
 the wretched ; possesses but little kindness; experiences no 
 
 rong emotions of sympathy. 
 
GUIDE TO M.i.r-K.\ow I id 2*3 
 
 1 fa BUBceptible of rathe emotions of pity tor the luf- 
 
 thers, but it not habitually prone to acta 
 kindness or benevolence ; is rather cold-hearted, and seldom 
 
 ?rous or much of s philanthrop 
 ood share of benevolent emotiom ; feels rather keenly 
 for the distresses of others: DAI Considerable kindness, and 
 
 sympathy; is rather warm-hearted; is not apt to manifest 
 elty. 
 
 very kind-hearted, benevolent, and philanthropic j mani- 
 fests great kindness and generosity of disposition; feels very 
 
 ply tor the miseries of mankind, and lias much pleasure 
 in their relief. 
 
 ve philanthropy ; is always most happy when 
 
 ffding others relief from distress; is very much affected 
 
 by i ntle- 
 
 I, and benevolence. 
 
 VKKS. 
 
 The legitimate function of this sentiment is, to convey our 
 sympathies out of self, and induce a kind regard for the welfare 
 of others, witli a corresponding philanthropy of action: — 
 mercy is its peculiar attribute. Its organ is situated at the top 
 of the forehead, generally a little back of where the hair com- 
 mences its growth. In the eyes of the world, even the abuse of 
 
 sentiment is deemed a virtue. "We very seldom, if ever, 
 
 are too kind, pitiful, and benevolent; yet such an anomaly 
 
 rj and. at any rate, the sentiment should be trained 
 
 to act harmoniously with the other feelings and understand ing, 
 
 as well as the customs of society. The most effectual method 
 
 titivate the growth of the organ of this sentiment, and 
 
 insure its activity, is to present its natural object, — that is, 
 
 iid misery ; take the child to witness the atfording 
 
 relief to the sutreniiL r and afflicted, and benevolent emotions 
 
 will follow as a con- 
 
 15. VENERATION. 
 
 . religious emotions of adoration or ho- 
 liness ; has no respect for superiority of rank, or for ancient 
 thinL r s°r opinions, and with Self-Esteem large — for any tiling 
 but I 
 
 ry few reverential emotions, and very little respect for 
 rank or I ry little p prayer, and cannot 
 
 ■ 
 
 but weak re in prayer ; is not 
 
 d. but may be so to superiors, from intei 
 
 but 01 rank. 
 
 1 I- itial in demeanour ; p | rd to 
 
 inn emotiom of pleasure in pi 
 lip r of D< 
 
28 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 5 Pays much regard to divine worship; feels strong emotions 
 religious leal, when attending the worship of God; is a 
 respecter of worth, unless Self-Esteem be excessive ; is habit- 
 ually respectful. 
 
 (■» Manifests great respect and deference for worthy objects, 
 Drily, rank, and possibly, wealth ; experiences much awe 
 when attending upon the Creator ; is affable, and always res- 
 pectful. 
 
 ? Feels excessively vivid emotions when engaged in divine 
 worship ; is very reverential and respectful to parents and su- 
 periors ; loves excessively to contemplate the holiness of the 
 Deity. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The legitimate function of this sentiment is respect — it 
 raises the mind to things superior ; and is a great element in 
 true devotion. Take this element from the human mind, and 
 it neither feels nor sees any thing superior to self. Its organ is 
 located in the middle of the top of the head, back of Benevolence r 
 and front of Firmness. 
 
 Subserviency to hereditary power, awe in the presence of 
 those in higher rank, and blind worship without reason, are 
 some of its abuses. The contemplation of objects superior to 
 self and made tangible, together with habitual respect shown, 
 seem to be the most effectual methods to cultivate this sentiment 
 in children. Forcing them to perform any act, by exciting Self- 
 Esteem, Combativeness and Destructiveness, seems to have a 
 \sry deleterious influence upon the growth of this organ, and 
 activity of the sentiment. Unless children naturally take delight 
 in religious exercises, forcing them to perform devotional acts 
 prompts them to despise and hate the subject itself; and, there- 
 fore, they never will, when freed from restraint, devote their 
 minds to holiness — whereas, the contrary mode of kindly 
 leading their young minds step by step onward, will finally 
 secure the desired effect. 
 
 16. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. 
 
 1 May know what is right and just, but never feels the least 
 desire to perform it for its own sake ; never has compunctious 
 visitings for having sinned, or performed an evil action. 
 
 2 Does not scruple to perform almost any action for present 
 gratification; will lie without compunction; has very little 
 desin- to act justly, and scarcely ever feels any remorse of con- 
 
 nce. 
 Idom scruples to equivocate for interest ; does not feel keen 
 remorse of conscience for evil deeds performed ; is seldom 
 conscious of having done wrong; and always finds some pal- 
 liative for sin. 
 
GUIDE TO SELF-KNOW 1. KIM, r. gg 
 
 4 Is rather fond of truth, hut as an instrument; will, without 
 much scruple, equivocate ; does art keenly feel the Injust 
 
 Of en evil act; most always finds some justilicat mil for evil 
 
 [anifests considerabl generally endeavors 
 
 to do wlnt is right; may he tempted to deal unjustly, but 
 
 uld sutler ; compunctions of conscience 
 
 r it. 
 
 •ruth and justice; feels keenly the rinht, and 
 know mif it, w ill nearly always do it ; will not lie or equivo- 
 witlmut great motive, and would sutler severely in con- 
 ' it. 
 
 vely lively sense of justice ; great integrity of 
 character ; keenest remorse when known to have counselled 
 evil ; inflexible in truth, and upright and godly in mind. 
 
 KIM \KKS. 
 
 The legitimate function of this sentiment is, to confer a love 
 of right and justice; — knowledge of light depends upon the 
 evidei :ts applied to the understanding ; but this power 
 
 gives the feeling of right, or inward satisfaction at having 
 irmed a just action — it quickens the understanding to 
 know what is right, and seeks to avoid wrong, because it is 
 pained by witnessing it. Its organ is situated on either side <»f 
 Firmness, between that and Cautiousness. When large, the 
 head, in this region, swells up round and full. 
 
 This sentiment, in the infant, is trained best by example. As 
 soon as infancy the right should be taught by example, 
 
 and through the influence of the understanding. Learn a child 
 to feel right, and it will act right ; — and vice versa. 
 
 17. HOPE. 
 
 Messes no buoyancy of spirit ; does not look to the future 
 w -it li any degree of hope of good ; if Cautiousness be large, 
 alv. .-ts distress and misery. 
 
 2 Has very little buoyancy of spirits; is not prone to enterprise 
 or speculation ; ventures but very little with hopes of real- 
 izin is apt to be desponding, and looks to the future 
 for but 1. 
 
 3 Builds bl -ties in the air j may at times he elated when 
 very prosperous, but is prone to expect DO more than judg- 
 ment will warrant, and is not v.ry enterprising or speculative. 
 
 4 Is but little d much without g ranee 
 
 success; has a fair degree of sanguinenesi of expectation ; 
 aot apt habitually to | kUOn, or to be too inflated or 
 
 buoyant. 
 
 5 Manifests considerable enterprise of spirit; rather sanguine 
 of success in every undertaking; apt to promise self as much 
 
 9 
 
30 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 joy in future, as reason will sanction ; and is rather prone to 
 speculate. 
 
 Looks to the future with assurance of success in every un- 
 dertaking ; has much buoyancy of hope ; is loath to believe 
 that all will not be realised which is expected ; likely to be 
 carried away by speculation. 
 
 Anticipates much more of joy or success than reason will 
 warrant ; very apt to build castles in the air; promises every 
 thing in the future, and very subject to be carried away by 
 speculating mania. 
 
 The legitimate function of this sentiment is, to induce the 
 mind to dwell upon future prosperity and joy, that life may be 
 rendered tolerable amidst sorrow or misfortune. And even in, 
 the full plenitude of every earthly enjoyment, life would lose 
 one half its virtue, could not the mind still dwell in the pro- 
 spective. Its organ is located on either side of Veneration, and in 
 front of Conscientiousness. When large, the head, in this region, 
 swells up round and full. Childhood and youth are periods 
 peculiarly favorable to its activity. But while the parent 
 cultivates this feeling in the child, its legitimate aim, futurity, 
 must not be lost sight of; for, it is this faculty which yearns 
 after immortality, and hopes for bliss in the eternal world. A 
 due regard must be paid that it grows with reason, and is culti-. 
 vated with the understanding. 
 
 18. WONDER. 
 
 1 Has no faith, or disposition to believe that which is indepen-i 
 dent of the senses ; is excessively doubtful upon all subjects "" 
 which cannot be reduced, to a mathematical certainty. 
 
 2 Manifests great want of faith and trust in that which is not 
 demonstrable to the senses ; reason may dictate the existence 
 of Deity, yet, notwithstanding, is often doubtful and skeptical. 
 
 3 Places but little reliance upon things wonderful or strange ; is 
 rather wanting in faith ; desires every thing demonstrated to 
 a mathematical certainty before believing. 
 
 4 Believes on good authority ; possesses a fair degree of faith ; 
 not apt to be very skeptical ; is rather desirous of accurate 
 demonstration to the senses before receiving any thing out of 
 ordinary course. 
 
 5 Is not credulous nor skeptical ; believes on good evidence ; is 
 prone to regard things that cannot be accounted for, according 
 to the authority on which they are based ; has no lack of faith. 
 
 G Is likely to place implicit confidence in divine revelations; is 
 rather prone to believe things miraculous, to be possible, unless 
 contrary to the dictates of reason, and is not in the least skep- 
 tical. 
 
MIDI TO SELF-KNOW IT. I m.i:. $J 
 
 7 Remarkably on authority which may be 
 
 questioned ; food of contemplating tin* mysterious attributes 
 of Deity, very great confidence in Scripture auricles; with 
 weak refieetii i, i belieTex in ghosts, worn!' 
 
 The lt^oritinuite fus lentimenf is. to induce faith. 
 
 There arc many things, even in every day life, which mu 
 
 ih; and without a aentiment of thia character we 
 ahould be unfit tor the fulfilment of our social relatione. & - 
 pertaining to our welfare hereafter, 
 which the understanding cannot fathom, and which arc wisely 
 withheld from <>ur knowledge! tor unknown purpose! I 
 latter pun m to be the true source to which this * nil 
 
 men! u re! 
 
 situated in front of Hope, each side of the front 
 
 part of Veneration, and extends downward towards Ideality. 
 When larj gion ofthe head il thrown up full and high. 
 
 This organ is large in almost all children j and hence their 
 reliance upon, and love of, what is strange, miraculous, and 
 wonderful. Also, hence, the necessity of guiding the sentiment 
 to activity within its legitimate sphere. 
 
 GENUS 6. PROGRESSIVE GROUP. 
 
 That class of sentiments, the combined action of which con- 
 stitutes Man a progressive being. 
 
 19. IDEALITY. 
 
 1 Experiences no aspirations for the attainment of the perfect 
 or beautiful ; has excessive vulgarity; no poetry of imagina- 
 tion, or refinement of feeling ; is very common and coarse in 
 taste, and expression of id( ■;> 
 
 2 Possesses very little refinement of fancy or feeling ; is habit- 
 ual i and vulgar ; has little or no desire to attain per- 
 fects in any thing ; is low-minded in point of taste and cm 
 bellishment of id> 
 
 3 Possesses but little refinement or fancy ; is common in 
 pression and feeling; has but little desire for perfection in the 
 
 utiful and SSC4 Bent; is not at all poetical, and is rather 
 
 4 Ex fot the attainment of excel.. 
 
 and m ; has some refinement of feeling and poesy of 
 
 tho icy 
 
 5 Manifests consid'i I inn 
 emotion when wit leautiful ; is quite desiroi 
 attaining 
 
 garity and is rather poetical in feeling. 
 
M CU1DE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 it desire to embellish and beautify all things perform- 
 ed, and ideas to be expressed ; is exalted in emotion, and has 
 Strong desires lo attain perfection and excellence; despises 
 vulgarity and coarseness. 
 
 ? Is very fastidious in taste and fancy; aims at a higher stan- 
 dard of excellence than may be attained with ordinary effort ; 
 18 very pot t i c a 1 in emotion and thought, and very fond of era- 
 hellishinents, whatever is beautiful, perfect and transcendental. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The legitimate function of this sentiment is, to prompt the 
 mind to aspire after the perfect and excellent — it induces 
 progression, and is the source of civilization — stimulating to 
 the attainment of another more beautiful relation, as soon as 
 present objects are possessed. 
 
 Its organ is situated on each side of Wonder, just at the 
 upper part of the temporal muscle, along the frontal ridge. 
 When large, this region of the head is broad through, and full. 
 
 This quality of mind should be cultivated in children, in 
 connexion with the moral sentiments, that they may attain 
 excellence of character, and learn to appreciate only that, as 
 truly beautiful, which is truly good. They who possess this 
 sentiment only in a small degree, and are satisfied with coarse- 
 ness, and would rather retrograde back to barbarism, than 
 render more perfect that which exists at their hands, should 
 have the beautiful and excellent constantly held up before them, 
 for their imitation, and to stimulate emulation to compete with 
 its attributes. 
 
 20. IMITATION. 
 
 1 Has no desire to copy, or imitate, or take from the manner of 
 others example in works of art, conduct, expression ; or to 
 imitate in literature ; and is unable to give correct example 
 of others. 
 
 2 Is quite deficient in imitative desire, and dramatic talent ; un- 
 able to give correct expression from nature in works of art; 
 and little love or pleasure in following after the example of 
 others in manner. 
 
 3 Possesses but little love of mimicry, or desire to copy the 
 manner and expression of others ; cannot learn to imitate 
 with ease and facility ; and has but poor ability to learn from 
 example. 
 
 4 Manifests fair imitative powers ; is but little prone to mim- 
 icry, or copying from example ; has some taste for portraying 
 nature, but has not sufficient stimulus from imitation to give 
 nice expression. 
 
 5 Experiences rather strong impulses to imitate; is not, how- 
 ever, habitually imitative or prone to mimicry ; has rather 
 
QOTDI to si:i i -know u.iK.r. 33 
 
 pit nsur;i p o r tray m en! of 
 
 tan <>r art. 
 
 6 Hsa much lore of imi1 d oopywith facility such op- 
 
 predominating intellect!, itiei wan 
 
 is very fond tud rather prone to attempt, por- 
 
 traymenl of nature 
 
 7 Manifest copy and Imitate, in manner, 
 
 the expression of others, to copy works of art or nature : has 
 nil intuitive poWOf to give OOI 
 
 KIM I 
 
 The legitimate function of this sentiment is. to furnish the 
 desire to imitate; anil aifords an additional stimulus to that 
 
 end. by accompanying it with a ple a s urab le emotion. It p 
 
 merely to furnish the quality to imitate : hut does El 
 
 ny particular object to be imitated. Its organ is 
 d on I Ither side of Benevolence ; and its size is indi< 
 
 by this region of the head being thrown out square and roll. 
 
 11. the head slopes off rapidly from Benevolence. 
 Children, having this organ very large, will always imitate 
 whatever they witness others perform ; and, hence, the necessity 
 that those so constituted, should always have the best example 
 set before them. This sentiment is very easily trained in con- 
 nexion with the moral sentiments; and thus an additional 
 reason exists why it should not be trained except in their com- 
 pany. It must also be guided by reason. Parents are too apt 
 to regard that child as precocious and witty, which constantly 
 amuses itself and others, by taking off the peculiarities of those 
 it sees. This cannot l>e too carefully guarded against, as it 
 neither strengthens justiee or benevolence. 
 
 21. ACQUISITIVENESS. 
 
 1 Possesses no desire to accumulate, to acquire property ; has 
 no disposition to keep that already possessed ; if Benevoli 
 be large, and Self-Esteem small, labors to live, not for acqui- 
 ion. 
 
 'J II - \ ry little love for money, or desire to accumulate ; la- 
 bors for the gratification of the other faculties, not for Acquis- 
 iti\' >unts no cost for the gratifical edomina- 
 
 tine; 
 
 i 1 1 1 1 1 ; has but imall desire to 
 
 uon 
 
 than this; ami little pleasure 
 
 • on. 
 
 to ih'' gratification of ruling 
 - some j,! lim- 
 
 its real worth. 
 
31 (iUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 5 Manifests rather strong desire to accumulate, and takes con- 
 siderable pleasure in acquisition ; is rather a respecter of 
 i lth ; makes considerable exertion to gain money for its 
 own sake and appendages. 
 
 • > Bxperiences strong desires to accumulate, and to acquire, af- 
 fords strong pleasurable emotions ; manifests much respect 
 for wealth, and love of money ; seldom feels satisfied with 
 what is already possessed. 
 
 7 Is excessively anxious to accumulate ; and is a great lover of 
 money ; will not be satisfied with present possessions, be they 
 ever so much ; is a very great respecter of wealth, in what- 
 ever manner or by whomsoever possessed. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The legitimate function of this sentiment is, to acquire, 
 without any regard being paid to the thing or the object of 
 acquisition. Wlien it is large, and Conscientiousness deficient, 
 it prompts to theft to gratify its desire ; or, under other circum- 
 stances, to cheating. Its organ is locateoV at the temples, above 
 Constructiveness. When large, the temples are broad and full. 
 
 Parents should early train the child, with this organ large, to 
 know and respect the rights of property. To stimulate chil- 
 dren thus constituted, to love and save money is one of the 
 worst of evils, as it increases its already too great strength and 
 activity. It is only when the organ is known to be small, that 
 such stimulus must be applied. 
 
 22. CONSTRUCTIVENESS. 
 
 1 Possesses no mechanical tendencies or disposition to mechan- 
 ical pursuits ; has no stimulus to encourage such intellectual 
 powers as are possessed, to inventing or improving machinery. 
 
 2 Manifests no love for mechanical operations ; is not stimula- 
 ted to mechanical invention or improvement ; has very little, 
 if any, desire to direct intellectual abilities to construction. 
 
 3 Experiences but little pleasure in the pursuit of mechanical 
 arts; directs but feeble efforts towards accomplishing any 
 piece of mechanism ; may be a mechanic from necessity not 
 from love. 
 
 4 Will not from nature manifest love for, and desire to pursue 
 the mechanical arts as a practical builder or former of things; 
 may, with strong understanding, become an inventor. 
 
 5 Is rather fond of mechanical operations ; may, from vanity, 
 dislike mechanical pursuits; yet has considerable love for 
 adaptation and contrivances to save extra exertion ; is rather 
 inventive 
 
 G Has strong mechanical tendencies; with Causality large, pos- 
 »sea ready facility in adapting means to ends; is of a con- 
 triving, inventing turn of mind ; and has much love and 
 taste for the constructive arts. 
 
GTJIDI - LP-KNOWLEDOl 36 
 
 7 Will be likely to pi I oni to all 
 
 cop i inrenting mind ; with In- 
 
 tel!' ,i. iii- 
 
 arts. 
 
 ipt one thi 
 . without any regard :<» its fitness, thui prompting 
 intell istruction, and affording the i 
 
 stimulus t«> render mechanical pursuits agreeable, or, engender- 
 •r them. Its organ is Located at tin- templet, about an 
 inch d a little hark of the external angle of the i 
 
 :ccn who have it large will he constantly fond of building 
 things; and those thus i d ihould be applied to such 
 
 predominating intellect may determine. Borne 
 may have it large, and yet be better constituted for some pro- 
 thai] mechanics). In all cases when 
 ir with the capacity, it would be more judicioc 
 agree to the former, as capacity will not work well without 
 inclination. 
 
 23. MIRTHFULNESS. 
 
 1 Entire want of mirthfulness. and gaiety of feeling ; has no 
 perception of the ludicrous, no sympathy with the playfulness 
 and liveliness of other beings, no disposition for wit or humor. 
 ry poor perception of the ludicrous ; never disposed to 
 perpetrate jokes, " bon mots" &c. ; very little playfulness, 
 humor, and gaiety J staid, and disposed to view everything in 
 a gloomy and sombre light. 
 
 3 But moderate gaiety and liveliness of disposition ; but little 
 disposed to view things in a ludicrous light, or to be playful 
 and mirthful ; of rather a serious cast, but can perceive wit 
 and humor; not much sympathy with it. 
 
 4 Somewhat gay and mirthful, hut. not strongly so; has fair 
 perception of wit and humor; rather poor jester; relii 
 
 •s and fun pretty well, though little tact in originating 
 th« : 
 
 5 Bas rather a quick perception of the ludicrous; isTathei 
 
 > mirth and gaiety j has lively sympathy with the 
 
 mirthfulness and playfulness of others ; rather q 
 tee; fond of jokes and fun. 
 
 in a ludici 
 light; fa mirth and humor, and very li 
 
 sympathy with the p] quick al 
 
 and turn:; 
 
 7 Is excessive it, mirth 
 
 percept Lion, 
 
 great lor mimicry ; taking off 
 
36 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 with large Destructiveness, and small Benevolence, great for 
 satire and ridicule, without mercy. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 Perhtpa there is no faculty of the human mind more modified 
 in its manifestations by different fundamental powers than this. 
 But, under all its modifications, the same end seems to be at- 
 tained — viz. — to excite mirth. Its legitimate function is, 
 therefore, to impart happiness and mirth when we witness the 
 incongruous. It is the feeling of the ludicrous, and seems to 
 have been bestowed on man for his special enjoyment. 
 
 The organ of this faculty is situated on each side and out- 
 ward of Causality — in front of Ideality, beneath the frontal 
 ridge, and gives squareness to the forehead. 
 
 When this organ is large, combined with large Imitation, in 
 children, and not properly balanced by the moral powers, or 
 fittingly regulated in action by training, they are prone to ridi- 
 cule and make a jest of things, objects, and persons entitled to 
 respect and veneration. It is absolutely necessary, therefore, 
 that its manifestations be carefully attended to by parents and 
 guardians. This disposition may be remedied by pointing out, 
 through the intellect, its legitimate sphere of action, and the 
 true merits and result of the quality in question : thus the child 
 may, in part, act as its own guardian. The same may be said 
 of all the other fundamental faculties of the mind. Mere pro- 
 hibition of an act is not sufficient for the correction of youth ; 
 Lut reasons and causes must be added thereto why the act in 
 question will prove injurious. [For further illustrations on the 
 subject of training the sentiments and propensities, see " Warne's 
 Phrenology in the Family."] 
 
 Order II. Comprehensive Powers. 
 
 GENUS I. EXTERNAL SENSES. 
 
 The means by which Man communicates with the external 
 world. They, of themselves, form no ideas, but communicate 
 impressions to those parts of the brain whose functions are to 
 form ideas. 
 
 GENUS II. SIMPLE PERCEPTIVE GROUP. 
 
 That class of faculties through which the mind perceives the 
 existence of simple objects and their qualities. 
 
 24. INDIVIDUALITY. 
 
 1 Remarkably indifferent in disposition to observe existences, 
 or individual objects ; unable to give definiteness or tangibili- 
 ty to ideas ; never personifies abstract conceptions of Deity. 
 
GUIDE TO SFI r-K\o\\ [,i:iii,r. 37 
 
 2 Quito deficient in power or dii 
 
 ;' Individ u do! individus 
 
 ind indefinite in communication, 
 ritical in cli or personifying 
 
 net prone t-> individual ative 
 
 . rathrr vague in i<:' 
 4 Manui Jenl tor i in, l"it doei not diacrimi* 
 
 Rate nicely ■' il existence! | pos* 
 
 but cting knowledge <>\' exi 
 
 . t i r l talent of i m ; rathei prone to 
 
 rood facility in sol 
 ing knowledg in natural Eustory; 
 
 in communicating knowledge. 
 
 individual existence ipl to per* 
 
 sonify i mil conception! ; sees almoaf er< 
 
 liin finite and pointed in communicating knowl* 
 
 7 Poi markable powei of observation; manifests the 
 
 greatest facility in detecting new individual existences; very 
 definite in ideas ; has very great desire to know objects. 
 
 ki marks. 
 
 This faculty perceives simple existences combined of various 
 qualities ; and extends no farther than to discriminate separate 
 individual existences. It gives tangibility to abstract ideas, and. 
 conceives combinations as units. Effects arising from it are 
 observation and curiosity to know existences. Its organ is sit- 
 uated directly above the root of the nose. When large, the eye- 
 brows are thrown apart, and the brow projects downward and 
 outward. 
 
 Form. 
 
 1 Totally indifferent as to the form or shape of objects; no re- 
 membrance of the appearance of things in outline of config* 
 oration, and cannol diatinguish countenances from each other. 
 ;v poor memory of persons, things, and configuration 
 
 likely to confound one existence with another; 
 
 finds it very hard to distinguish forms and shapes from nuiu- 
 
 ' in memory of forms, snap* ticn« 
 
 lar curvatures, in general; I pood pou I to 
 
 mei nee of abf 
 
 absent !>• 
 
 has a tolerabi pes. and i . but 
 
 fail . before the mmd. 
 
 -, shapes, and 
 been carefully scrutinu lind with i 
 
 4 
 
38 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 liderable facility ; has a good conception of configurations in 
 general. 
 
 (', Possesses great facility in detecting slight differences in form, 
 and general configuration ; remembers shapes, and counte- 
 nances for great tength of time, and. can re-produce them 
 before the mind accurately. 
 
 ? Has a remarkably tenacious memory of forms, shapes, and 
 configuration in general; can re-produce them before the 
 mind with the greatest accuracy, facility, and precision. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 This faculty takes cognizance of configuration in general. 
 Its most common application is in the discrimination of counte- 
 nances. It also prompts to embody in form all abstractions of 
 the mind regarding spiritual objects. It is situated contiguously 
 to Individuality. When large, there is great breadth between the 
 eyes, and they are crowded outward and downward toward 
 the external angle of the orbits. 
 
 26. SIZE. 
 
 1 Remarkable want of power to perceive perpendiculars, cen- 
 tres, size, and proportion of physical objects ; wanting in 
 perception of perspective, in scenery, space, and the arts. 
 
 2 Deficient in powers of perspective and unable to determine 
 perpendiculars, and centres of objects ; indefinite idea of size; 
 faint power to measure proportion, or distance in space. 
 
 3 Requires great practice and exertion to determine the propor- 
 tion of objects or their relative size ; rather difficult to per- 
 ceive accurately perpendiculars, to measure distances, centres, 
 &c. 
 
 4 Cannot determine readily, with the eye, distance in space, or 
 the centres of objects; has fair perception of perpendiculars, 
 proportion of objects ; and must have great practice to judge 
 of perspective. 
 
 5 Measures objects, by little practice, with much precision ; 
 judges and determines distance with seme accuracy; also 
 perpendiculars, and the proportion and centres of objects ; 
 good power of perspective. 
 
 6 Judges naturally of perpendiculars with great accuracy; de- 
 termines size and proportion with ease and precision, also 
 distance in space, and has a good talent for perspective ; with 
 Form large, for drawing. 
 
 7 Possesses very great natural talent for perspective ; has very 
 groat power to determine size, perpendiculars, and proportion, 
 distance in space, and centres of objects with precision. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The function of this faculty is to perceive or know the size of 
 bodies. Its more simple function seems to be parallelism. This 
 
UUI] I 
 
 ilent 
 i ad devel- 
 
 ition 
 kill ; to understand the 
 
 . it !!!<•■■ Of 
 
 id to 
 difficult) to m d equilib- 
 
 • mncfa difficult 
 in i equilibrium easily a 
 
 • ''I'p'y? nr J 11 ' 1 -' ' !,,n » 
 
 mid i ' 
 
 quire dyn ill, and make mi 
 
 app momentum, well. 
 
 to perceive and judge of gravitation ; ran 
 
 te of bodies without great study ; ran main- 
 tain equilibrium when elevated : eentre of gravity not easily 
 disturbed. 
 C Is endowed with an accurate perception of the resistance of 
 bodies ; of their equilibrium and force ; takes pleasure in ap- 
 plying forces mechanically ; can preserve centre of gravity 
 with 
 
 intuitively the force and resistance of objects ; 
 their gravitation; can acquire great dynamical skill; takes 
 great pleasure in application of forces ; and perceives equilib- 
 rium intuitively. 
 
 RF.MA 
 
 The function of this faculty is to perceive the resist 
 bodies, and judge ol d ; enabling those who 
 
 tain centre of gravity with gn inder the 
 
 f height or unstead in is >itu- 
 
 id developes outward and downward. 
 
 GENUS III. OBJECTO-RELATIVE GROUP. 
 
 which p» I "1' prirn- 
 
 <;ualities ol 
 
 1 Unable to i at of 
 
 arithnn I 
 
 an<; us calcu- 
 
 lations to mind. 
 
40 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 2 Poor ability to acquire arithmetical knowledge ; faint memory 
 of previous computations, and great inability to re-produce 
 them ; very slow in the use of figures. 
 
 3 Rather poor memory of the relation of numbers; much diffi- 
 culty in acquiring arithmetical skill; unable to make compu- 
 tation of numbers with facility and ease, or to re-produce 
 them. 
 
 4 Possesses but ordinary power of acquiring arithmetical knowl- 
 edge or memory of the relation of numbers ; may, by great 
 practice, acquire fair skill in computation, but not in original 
 combinations. 
 
 5 Can acquire arithmetical knowledge with considerable ease 
 and facility ; has much natural power of computation ; good 
 memory of the reLation of numbers and power of re-producing 
 them. 
 
 6 Has excellent power to acquire arithmetical knowledge ; can 
 make computation, by little study, with great ease and facil- 
 ity ; has an excellent memory of the relation of numbers. 
 
 7 Experiences no difficulty whatever in acquiring arithmetical 
 knowledge ; can compute with the greatest ease and facility; 
 can re-produce to mind numbers in every variety of relation. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The function of this faculty is to perceive the relation of ob- 
 jects in quantity. It bestows the power of making numerical 
 calculations; and distinguishes between quantities in their 
 simplest relation. Its organ is situated at the external angle of 
 the eyes. When large, the angle of the bone is developed 
 down. 
 
 29. ORDER. 
 
 1 Very imperfect perception of the physical relation of objects ; 
 cannot adapt, in machinery, one part to another, with just 
 relation between their dimensions ; does not adapt things to 
 places, with propriety. 
 
 2 Does not perceive with accuracy the true relation of objects 
 in physical proportion, and cannot appreciate orderly arrange- 
 ment of things according to their physical quality of size. 
 
 3 Cannot determine nicely the relation of objects as they are 
 physically related ; pays but indifferent attention to the accu- 
 rate adaptation of one existence to another, as related by 
 quality or proportion of size. 
 
 4 Possesses fair perception of the relations of physical exist 
 ences, and appreciates such relations; can adapt objects ac- 
 cording to proper proportions with some accuracy, but not 
 great. 
 
 5 Prone to regard objects in an orderly relation, and adapts 
 them to such relation with considerable accuracy ; is raiher 
 precise in arrangement, and has fair share of system. 
 
i m r-K\ow i.riM.r. 1 1 
 
 G R« _ . .ir- 
 
 ran 
 skill an . and is i 
 
 ry methodical and i mgementof thii 
 
 9 when object! 
 ther, and soapta sccoruinf 
 
 Th on of pro- 
 
 .md their position < 
 
 to their form, - aeral configure! 
 
 Its oi rnal angle of the :ir< li < • 
 
 . inward of Number, and developea ontward. — When 
 . the lurch* re appeal i 
 
 30. TONE. 
 
 1 Entire inability to distinguish tones, and their relation toeach 
 other j cannot remember musical notes or imitate and re-pro- 
 
 them, nor judge of discordant or harmonious sounds. 
 
 >or memory of tunes j can scarcely distinguish 
 one from another, or one tone from another; has a very poor 
 perception of the relation of sounds, and cannot re-produce 
 them accurately. 
 
 3 Is a poor judge of harmony, or the relation of primitive 
 sounds ; remembers but faintly, combinations of tones ; and 
 cannot distinguish with much accuracy between them, even 
 with crreat practice. 
 
 4 Is endowed with sufficient power of distinguishing between 
 the relation of primitive sounds, to cultivate music with some 
 success, but has not an accurate perception of harmonious 
 
 iids. 
 
 i sic with much success, and learn to distin- 
 guish between the primitive sounds with much aecm 
 has a good memory of the relation of tones and i\ 
 nerally. 
 6 Has an accurate perception of the relal 
 
 remember tunes, and distinguish between them with facility — 
 
 with imitation large— can imitate distinct Mi much 
 
 precision. 
 
 n. with I 
 
 .,t' primil them without 
 
 effort; perceives with great accuracy. combina- 
 
 tions of sounds. 
 
 The function oft- >rim- 
 
 • without which pou we should 
 
 4* 
 
42 (.1 IDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 be unable to give expression to our ideas by the various modu- 
 lations of voice. It is the origin of music. Its organ is situa- 
 ted beneath the frontal ridge, just above Order, and developed 
 outward at angles. When large, the external angle of the fron- 
 tal plate projects out beyond the external angle of the eye. 
 
 31. TIME. 
 
 1 Almost totally deficient in power to perceive the lapse of time 
 in relation to another period; cannot possibly keep correct 
 time in music, or in dancing, or detect differences in rhythm. 
 
 2 Very poor judgment of the parts of periods; unable to per- 
 ceive with ease or precision, the lapse of time, -to remember 
 its duration, or keep correct time In music or dancing. 
 
 3 Rather indifferent perception of the lapse of time, and power 
 of judging of the duration of periods;, cannot detect nice 
 differences in rhythm; apt to get out of time in dancing 
 or music. 
 
 4 Possesses ordinary power to perceive the duration of time, 
 and to compare periods, but requires great practice to detect 
 imperfect rhythm; can naturally keep fair time in music 
 and dancing. 
 
 5 Has good rhythmical power, and can perceive rather accu- 
 rately the duration of periods; may, with much practice, 
 become quite expert in keeping time in music and in dancing; 
 good memory of the lapse of time. 
 
 6 Is naturally quite expert in keeping correct measurement of 
 time, and can easily detect when it is departed from ; has a 
 nice perception of the duration of periods; is very observing 
 in this particular. 
 
 7 Perceives intuitively the precise duration of periods, and 
 measures their parts accurately ; never fails to keep correct 
 time in music and dancing; is very observing and acute in 
 all things relating to rhythm. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The function of this faculty is to perceive the lapse and du- 
 ration of time, or to trace the succession of phenomena as rela- 
 ted to the periods of existence. Its functions are no higher in 
 order, than the conception of distinct parts or periods of time, 
 and may be related either to succession of events or ^ones. It 
 forms an important element in music. 
 
 The organ is located between Tone and Eventuality. When 
 large, the forehead in this region is full and prominent. It de- 
 velopes outward. 
 
 32. COLOR. 
 
 I Unable to perceive or detect the differences of colors ; cannot 
 judge of them with any accuracy, or compare and harmonize 
 then ; is nearly blind to the qualities of colors. 
 
GUIDE TO SELl-KNOW 1 1.1H IS 
 
 I i 1 ry indifferent perception of solera: often mistakes one 
 for another; cannot oombine and harmonize them; tery poor 
 their relations, and beauty of combination. 
 
 3 Can perceive and detect the different individual oualitii 
 the pfimitire mbini and bannonine 
 
 them ; is rather indifferent to theix beauty of combination. 
 
 1 1' Lination of the relations of tin- primi- 
 
 tive colon ; cm remember them well, but cannot barmoniie 
 
 them with skill and accuracy in tin lr OOmbinatioi 
 
 5 Has an aeon. ption of the relationi of 
 primitiv. can discriminate and combine them with 
 
 skill, by practice, and is quite sensible to their beauty of 
 combination. 
 
 6 Can discriminate the relations of colors with <_" and, 
 
 with practice, combine them with <_ anch 
 
 ii perfect harmonies and oombinat ton. 
 
 7 Takes very great pleasure in the harmony of colors j can 
 
 detect the most trirling discord in their combination, and 
 perceives their relations intuitively. 
 
 VRKS. 
 
 The function of this faculty is to perceive the relations of the 
 primitive colors ; and is the direct channel through which is 
 opened toman many of the most beautiful qualities of nature. 
 It is a very important element in a good painter. Its organ is 
 situated in the middle of the arch of the eyebrow. When large, 
 the brow is thrown up and outward, and sometimes it forms the 
 prominent point of the arch. 
 
 33. LOCALITY. 
 
 ry great deficiency, and almost total want of memory of 
 places, or local scenes ; unable to recal their appearance, or 
 fun! n unfamiliar places, or perceive the relations of 
 
 obj- 
 
 mt memory of localities and scenes in general ; i 
 . in accumulating geographical knowledge, or 
 membering tl igs are located ; easily lost in 
 
 !.es. 
 3 Has rather a ,»t to forget places 
 
 once seen* — g 
 and indifl 
 I Has calling to mind so 
 
 seen; p' ■ ^'» ordinary local DM DK 
 
 cannot cultivate I with success, A 
 
 (rood, tO • strong, local men; 
 
 fair geographi 
 
 of things. 
 can recal thei -fore the mind, and deSCl I ac- 
 
44 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 curatelv ; not at all liable to bo lost in strange places; and 
 has the power to study geography successfully. 
 7 Has a remarkable local memory; never forgets scenes or 
 places once seen ; can recal them vividly to mind after a 
 great lapse of time ; has great natural powers of geography. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The function of this faculty is to remember the relative posi- 
 tion of objects in space ; and it seems to combine in its function 
 the idea of extension. 
 
 The organ is located each side of Individuality, and runs 
 obliquely upward and outward. 
 
 When large, there is a distinct prominence. 
 
 34. EVENTUALITY. 
 
 1 Excessive deficiency in general memory of events, and 
 everything relating to active existence ; cannot retain histori- 
 cal facts, and has no talent for acquiring a knowledge of them ; 
 forgets all occurrences as soon as they have passed. 
 
 2 Has a very poor memory of incidents, events and occurrences ; 
 can retain them but a very short period ; very poor historical 
 mind in regard to all active phenomena. 
 
 3 Is not able to accumulate facts with success ; has a poor mem- 
 ory of general events and incidents; in argument, cannot 
 bring forward sufficient data, or enter into detail successfully. 
 
 4 Possesses a tolerable power to collect facts, and remember 
 occurrences; has not much, nor is deficient, in power of de- 
 tail ; would pay more attention to other things than the bare 
 incidents of history. 
 
 5 Has rather a good memory of general events, incidents, and 
 occurrences; is rather observing of all active phenomena; 
 has good power to accumulate historical facts, and fair 
 detailing abilities. 
 
 G Is quite observing of all that takes place ; is constantly col- 
 lecting knowledge of facts, from observation ; has decidedly 
 good historical talent; fond of stories; remembers all events 
 which occur without much effort. 
 
 7 Possesses a remarkable memory of all historical facts, events, 
 <fec. ; is very observing of all active phenomena, all that 
 occurs and happens ; can remember incidents without effort ; 
 delights in stories, &c. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The function of this faculty is to perceive events, their rela- 
 tions, and all active phenomena. It is the store-house of facts 
 and statistical knowledge — supplying the mind with incidents 
 to support theories; and gives life and action to description. 
 This power is indispensable to the Historian. Combined with 
 
MIDI to si:i.r-k.\ow utm I 45 
 
 Individuality, it givei definiteiieM and body to argument ; and 
 
 1 ' r and Lav 
 
 ted in the middle «of the forehead, abore lu- 
 Wfcen large, it ind prominent id this re- 
 
 It is generally large in children, and may be mad" the dii 
 
 through which to cultivate their moral qualities. Nothr 
 
 M more, than the narration of 
 fjing its own an abun- 
 
 dance of virtu pi may be im infant 
 
 mind, to supply food for, and direct the moral 
 
 GENUS IV. EXPRESSIVE GROUP. 
 
 t faculty by which M.in ii enabled to communicate his 
 wanu tnd sorrows, to his fellow beings ; and through 
 
 which he can collect all arbitrary signs for communication. 
 
 35. LANGUAGE 
 
 1 Almost total want of power to acquire 'arbitrary signs ; re- 
 markably slow in committing to memory words, and repeat- 
 ing them ; very deficient in power to clothe ideas with 
 lang< 
 
 2 Quite poor memory of words, or verbal memory; very 
 meagre in the use of language; inexpressive; great difficulty 
 in « g ideas distinctly as they are felt; — reverse of 
 fluent. 
 
 nifests but moderate facility in learning to repeat words ; 
 rather poor verbal memory ; experiences much difficulty in 
 clothing thoughts with language ; is not at all fluent in 
 ch. 
 
 4 Hai :uage; cannot commit, with 
 much facility, words to memory; p r to 
 exp: in words; is not over fluent; is not given to 
 
 5 Poi there good verbal memory; can learn to n 
 
 rbally without much toil ; is not talented in thii reap 
 
 is generally enabled to give clear t j is 
 
 6 Is l With good natural powers of n ; has a 
 
 1 Verbal );. 
 
 mit- itfa ease; is a fluent in 
 
 speech ; lacks not foi w 
 
 narkable i rery fluent in 
 
 speech; likely to be rerOOM 
 
 v of 
 words ; oi 
 
4G GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 Kl. MARKS. 
 
 The function of this faculty is verbal memory; or, it is the 
 receptacle of arbitrary signs expressive of thoughts. When 
 . it enables the possessor to commit rapidly to mind mere 
 words, but has no relation to the sense connected with those 
 words. A good endowment of this organ is essential to a Lin- 
 guist, Poet, and Orator. 
 
 The organ is situated internal of the eyes, and its degree of 
 developement is determined by the extent to which they are 
 crowded downward and outward. — A large eyeball must not 
 be mistaken for a large organ of Language. 
 
 GENUS V. REFLECTIVE GROUP. 
 
 That class of faculties whose function is to regulate the 
 perception of the other mental powers, — combine, arrange and 
 adapt their action according to the law of reason invested in 
 these powers. 
 
 36. COMPARISON. 
 
 1 Remorkably deficient in power of finding resemblances 
 between objects, and ability to classify them ; unable to re- 
 duce combined objects, or phenomena, to their simple ele- 
 ments ; uses no similitudes to illustrate an argument; can 
 hardly perceive when one is used ; indifferent to analogical 
 reasoning. 
 
 2 Very poor ability to perceive objects that are analogous, or phe- 
 nomena that are similar to other phenomena; is very simple 
 and meagre in illustration ; has very little talent for classifica- 
 tion ; or to distinguish fallacies in an argument. 
 
 3 Possesses moderate power of comparison ; may readily per- 
 ceive an apt illustration in an argument, but has no great 
 store at command ; uses similitudes in a general manner, and 
 of a common character ; has but weak power of classification, 
 and perception of differences ; reasons poorly from analogy ; 
 not good analytical power. 
 
 4 Has fair analytical power; can distinguish prominent fallacies 
 in reasoning ; can trace combinations of phenomena, or ob- 
 jects, to their simple elements, but not very successfully ; 
 fair abilities of classification ; and tolerable command of sim- 
 ilitudes and comparisons for illustration. 
 
 5 Manifests good command of comparisons and similitudes in 
 argument; feels the force of analogical reasoning, strongly; 
 has good analytical power, and critical perception ; good 
 classifying abilities, and command of similitudes; can 
 analyze combinations to simples, readily. 
 
 Is endowed with excellent analytical power and acute per- 
 ception of unharmonious combinations of phenomena or 
 objects; very good classifying abilities; analyzes combina- 
 
i r-k\o\\ LBD( 17 
 
 tions to their i frith precision and talent ; very good 
 
 <i similitude*, 
 com para 1 
 ■ intuitively ; perceive a the 
 
 ritical powi 
 ngruitiea intuitively ; remarkable power of 
 ml similitude. 
 
 mpare the action, guali- 
 mlts of phenomena, either in mind or matter, it not 
 the Bimilitudei and resemblances, but detects the 
 the faculty of fitttngn< ss. as if 
 iether things, or phenomena, are in unison. It is the 
 fbunl of parables and figurative eipressions, and tra- 
 
 ct, 
 lated in the centre of the forehead, at) 
 ind front i »lence. Winn 1 urge beyond 
 
 the rest of the intellect, it presents the form of a reversed p; 
 mid. It developes outward. 
 
 37, CAUSALITY. 
 
 1 Totally unable to trace effects to the principles which govern 
 
 them: c nnot comprehend logical deductions in argument j 
 
 it want of reasoning power, and ability to conceive 
 
 why like causes produce like results; unable to adapt means 
 
 to ends. 
 
 ry weak perception of causation, or power to infer the ex- 
 nce of principles from effects produced ; great want of 
 ability t<> draw logical inferences from given premises, to plan, 
 contrive, invent, and adapt means to the accomplishment of 
 nev. Sed with effects and seldom inquires from 
 
 what caui 
 
 3 But lilt' into the principles of C 
 poor comprehension of logical deduction; cannot reason 
 rectly from any bu1 very simple prop 
 
 applying known principles I ids; looks not 
 
 but nderstandii 
 
 4 R< ii first principles* has fair ability to 
 judge oi effects product d by lh< 
 
 D and 
 com 
 
 into ori_ depth of 
 
 und, — coincidence i 
 
 of ( 
 
 ves able 
 
43 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 to adopt good plans when necessary care is used ; generally 
 Been rather clearly what will be the result of any action ; not 
 apt to be superficial in forming conclusions, but rather sound 
 than otherwii 
 
 6 lias strong reasoning power ; much given to investigate the 
 motive of every act seen ; seldom satisfied unless a reason is 
 <riven for every action relating to self; prone to investigate 
 the abstract principles of phenomena ; philosophical, and 
 quite original in conceptions; acute comprehension of logical 
 deduction ; clearly infers results from given premises ; reasons 
 effectually, — thinks deeply ; always ready with expedients — 
 skilful in adapting means to ends; inventive. 
 
 7 Is a very great investigator of causation; not satisfied with 
 ordinary reasons, but goes deep into all first principles ; looks 
 as far as possible into the original nature of things ; has the 
 greatest capacity for comprehending the abstract principles of 
 phenomena; remarkable inductive power; is far reaching 
 and penetrating in understanding — never mistakes coinci* 
 dence for cause) and draws the most correct inferences from 
 any premises established. 
 
 The legitimate function of this faculty is far superior to any 
 other quality possessed by man. It is the presiding genius of 
 his other mental powers, and constitutes him the absolute gov- 
 ernor of sublunary creation. It is through the direct agency 
 of this attribute, that all the means spread throughout nature 
 are rendered subservient to his welfare. It is the fountain of 
 invention and adaptation, and perceives the direct efficiency of 
 natural power to accomplish the end desired. Destitute of this 
 quality of mind, natural resources would be unimproved, and 
 the world would ever have remained the same as first consti- 
 tuted — stationary and unprogressive. — To this quality the arts 
 and sciences owe their existence — without it, nothing would 
 have been discovered — nothing have been rendered available to 
 man's advancement in intellectual condition. 
 
 The organ of this faculty is situated on each side of Compar- 
 ison. When large, this part of the forehead is square, full and 
 prominent. When small, this region is shallow, deficient in 
 breadth, and receding. 
 
 FINIS.