ir F 129 .B7 pg Copy 1 oprES moi HALF MOON SERIES EDITED BY MAUD WILDER GOODWIN ALICE CARRINQTON ROYCE RUTH PUTNAM AND EVA PALMER BROWNELL Vol. II., No. II. November, 1851 (Prigin of Btehd^elen e^ JSs Ibarrlngton iputnam ft^ Copyright, 1898, by G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS New York London Ube Iftnicfeerbocher press, New Rochelle, N. Y. Entered at the Post Office, New Rochelle. N. Y., as Second-class Matter Price Ten Cents Per Year, One Dollar. Class, Book.. F/>1 B7P^ GopiglitN^. COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. •5: BREUCKELEN 385 2nd COPY, 1891 '0 Half Moon Series Published in the Interest of the New York City History Club. Volume II. Number XI, 387 BREUCKELEN. By HARRINGTON PUTNAM. THE original settlements which came to be known as Breuckelen were but a small part of the present Borough of Brooklyn. The forested river-front of Long Island, rising over against New Amsterdam, was still covered with rich and abundant timber long after a considerable village was planted on the lower part of Manhattan Island. The Holland and Belgium folk, reared in the level and treeless lowlands, were by no means eager to under- take the severe and unaccustomed labor of forest-clearing.' On Long Island they seem to have been first drawn to the flats having a light surface soil, which had received some rude cultivation in the Indian maize-fields, and required little preparation for the plow. What was called Breuckelen was not the locality of their first settlements. The first grant of land, in what was afterwards the city limits of Brooklyn, appears to have been grants 388 BrcucKclcn Zbc llCtaaU bogbt to William Adriaense Bennett and Jacques Bentyn, who in 1636 purchased from the In- dian sachem Kti a considerable tract at Go- wanus, on which a house was erected, only to be destroyed in the Indian wars of 1643.' Long afterwards the fame of Gowanus oysters and wild turkeys was carried home to Hol- land. The Labadist travellers who came there in 1679 said of these oysters that "they are large and full, some of them not less than a foot long." ^ The shells were burned for lime. The supply of oysters remained abundant enough afterwards for great quantities to be pickled and exported to Barbadoes. Where the East River made an abrupt bend to the north, leaving a wide shallow cove on the Long Island shore, the Dutch soon noticed good land sloping gradually down into the meadows surrounding the water. This was called the Waal-boght, and is the present site of the Navy Yard. Two derivations of this name are advanced. It was thought to have been thus styled to mean the Bay of the Wal- loons, since afterwards many French families settled there, and it was then known as the Walloon quarter." The term Waal, however, means a basin or inner harbor, and boght a bend. Hence the word may have signified " the bend of the inner harbor," like a similar place called Waal-boght in the city of Amster- dam." This name was sometimes abridged as JBreuchelen 389 Waal, or the Wale. On the faith of old family traditions, it was long and confidently asserted that on the shores of this bay was born the first child of Dutch settlers on Long Island. This claim of priority for the Waal-boght set- tlement is not established. Joris Jansen de Rapalje, a Huguenot who had married Catelyna Trico of Paris, and had resided at Fort Orange and later had an inn at New Amsterdam, eventually came to live in a farm on the Waal-boght. The purchase was made on June 16, 1637.° It was their eldest daughter Sarah who was erroneously claimed to have been born on Long Island before 1630. After the English conquest, Catelyna's hus- band died, and she lived on at the Waal-boght — the mother of Brooklyn — affectionately ab- sorbed in her eleven children and their de- scendants, who in 1679 already numbered one hundred and forty-five. A visitor, who then saw her, described her as devoted with her whole soul to her progeny. "Nevertheless she lived alone by herself, a little apart from the others, having her little garden and other conveniences which she took care of herself." ' Her house was probably near the present site of the United States Marine Hospital. When Governor Dongan wished to establish, as a fact, that the earliest settlements in the direc- tion of the Delaware were Dutch, he had re- course to the evidence of this venerable dame. ■Cbc Viapalic 39° JBrcuchclcu Zbc Jfcrrv In 1684, she was summoned before his Excel- lency, and was apparently still vivacious, as she gave her deposition. Describing her arrival here in 1623, she delighted to relate that: " Fouer women came along with her in the same shipp, in which the Governor Arian Jarissen came also over, which fouer women were married at sea,"' and afterwards with their husbands were sent to the Delaware. In 1688, she made another affidavit at her house "in ye Wale." Recalling the bitter struggle with Indians on Long Island and Manhattan, she pleasantly alluded to her pre- vious life with them, for three years at Fort Orange, "all of which time ye s? Indians were all quiet as Lambs & came & traded with all ye freedom imaginable." ' About 1642, the public ferry was established between Manhattan and Long Island. The landing-places were at Peck's Slip in Manhat- tan, and at the present foot of Fulton Street on Long Island. A collection of houses soon gathered about the Long Island landing, which little settlement became known as "The Ferry." Southward from the Ferry and along the present Heights and East River shore ex- tended the farms of Claes Cornelissen van Schouw, Jan Manje, Andries Hudde, Jacob Wolphertsen, Frederic Lubbertsen '"; and ex- Governor Van Twiller had himself taken a grant of Roode-Hoek, so called from its rich 3Sreucf?elen 591 red soil." It is difficult now to retrace this line of the water-front, so greatly has the filling-in of Atlantic Docks changed the contour of the shore. Red Hook appears to have contained about fifty acres, raised up somewhat above the surrounding meadows. This small prom- ontory projected out to the westward, and to the north of it the shore-line receded inland in marshes towards Gowanus. On some of these farm grants there were slight improvements ; others were long allowed to remain unculti- vated. The Indian wars of 1643, begun on Manhat- tan, also extended to Long Island. The white settlers appear to have been the aggressors. The retaliation of the red tribes devastated many of the bouweries. In the end, the In- dians were driven from their maize-fields, which left attractive sites for habitation, where the new settlers founded a small compact hamlet instead of occupying disconnected farms. Following the main road (now Fulton Street) from the Ferry about a mile, the settlers took up the lands between the Waal-boght and Gowanus Kill, in the vicinity of what are now Fulton, Hoyt, and Smith Streets. The best parts of this new territory were taken up by Jan Evertsen Bout, Huyck Aertsen, Jacob Stoff- elsen, Pieter Cornelissen, and Joris Dircksen." In 1645, the West India Company had recom- Ube jferrt 392 JBreuckclcn Zbc jFlret Scbcpcne mended that the colonists should establish themselves " in towns, villages, and hamlets, as the English are in the habit of doing. " These settlers gladly availed themselves of this advice, and notified the Colonial Council that they desired to "found a town at their own expense." This they called Breuckelen, after the ancient village of that name on the Vecht, in the province of Utrecht. The Governor and Council responded promptly and confirmed their proceedings in June, 1646. No municipal or local liberties were, however, conferred as in New England. The first government grant to this town was merely a ratification of the election of Schepens, and declaration of their authority, as follows: "We, William Kieft, Director General, and the Council residing in New Netherland, on behalf of the High and Mighty Lords States-General of the United Netherlands, His Highness of Orange, and the Honorable Directors of the General Incorporated West India Company, To all those who shall see these presents or hear them read, Greeting : " Whereas, Jan Evertsen Bout and Huyck Aertsen from Rossum were on the 2 1 st May last unanimously chosen by those interested of Breuckelen, situate on Long Island, as Schepens, to decide all questions which may arise, as they shall deem proper, according to the Exemptions of New Netherland granted to particular Colonies, which election is subscribed by them, with express stipulation that if any one refuse to submit in the premises aforesaid to the above-men- tioned Jan Evertsen and Huyck Aertsen, he shall forfeit the right he claims to land in the allotment of Breuckelen, and in order that everything may be done with more autJiority, JSreuckelen 393 We, the Director and Council aforesaid, have therefore authorized and appointed, and do hereby authorize the said Jan Evertsen and Huyck Aertsen to be schepens of Breucke- len ; and in case Jan Evertsen and Huyck Aertsen do here- after find the labor too onerous, they shall be at liberty to select two more from among the inhabitants of Breuckelen to adjoin them to themselves. We charge and command every inhabitant of Breuckelen to acknowledge and respect the above-mentioned Jan Evertsen and Huyck Aertsen as their schepens, and if any one shall be found to exhibit con- tumaciousness towards them, he shall forfeit his share as above stated. This done in Council in Fort Amsterdam in New Netlierland." '^ Earls Settlers Later, on December i, the authorities gave Breuckelen a schout or constable, and Jan Teunissen was thus appointed, who had been already acting as such for some months be- fore his formal commission. The origin of these settlers has not been definitely traced to the village of Breuckelen, or to within the jurisdiction of the city of Utrecht. The French wars there, and the Revolutionary war here, have despoiled both Breuckelens of their earliest records. The nomenclature of the little towns on Long Is- land, however, cannot be regarded as acci- dental. The association of the names of three hamlets into a triangle, generally similar to the position of the same names in Holland, is a clear proof of the attachment of the colonists to their natal district, between Utrecht and the Zuider Zee. Similar associations appeared ;94 JBreucheleu £rcuc)!Cs Icn at the same lime in the new villages to the east of Breuckelen and on the Sound. From the province of Zealand the wish was shown to perpetuate home towns in the names of Vliessingen (Flushing) and Middelburg (New- town). The identity of village names, and similarity of the relative sites in the neighbor- hood of Breuckelen to those in the fatherland, are illustrated by two maps from new and old Netherlands. IVaal Boo>tt \T*t Waliobotu Bin) ■ft Breiil^elen Nieu Utrecht Amersfoort ^ >— y I^FlaOOJuU) Amersfoort, Breuckelen, and Utrecht have many historic associations. To the politician and reader of Motley, they are forever linked with the career and tragic end of Barneveld. In 1619, he fell a martyr to the cause of state rights and local self-government. Such an event, comparatively recent in 1646, and still appealing to the sense of individual liberty, JSreuct;elen 395 may have been recalled by the settlers in America. While the liberties of Utrecht had been the cherished objects of Barneveld's so- licitude, he proudly claimed his birth in Amers- foort. '* In moments of arduous public labor he looked hopefully forward to an honorable and calm retirement from the tumults of party strife to his beautiful estate at Guntersteijn in the vil- lage of BreuckelenJ' Breuckelen, however, was an ancient village three centuries before JSreuches ten ■' Z U I D E R ZEE the settlement in New Netherlands. Located between Utrecht and Amsterdam, it was early noted for its healthfulness, which soon made it a desirable residence region. The surround- ing fields and foliage are strikingly green and luxuriant, even for Holland. Castles grew up about it along the banks of the beautiful Vecht, which all the successive tides of war have not quite destroyed. 39^ :JBrcuchclcn 0[i> Srcuclica Un In the Dutch records, Breuckelen had various spellings, as Broklede, Broicklede, Brackola, Brocklandia, and Broeckland. Hence some say that the name came from its brooks and marshes — van de drassige en broekactige veen- landeii — meaning a brook or marsh land." It is mentioned as an important place in the year 13 1 7. There were two parishes on opposite sides of the Vecht. These are Breuckelen- Nijenrode, from the castle of Nijenrode, and Breuckelen-St. Pieters. The small river Vecht dividing these towns may be considered an outlet of the Rhine, which parts in two chan- nels at Utrecht. The Vecht turns to the north and emipties into the Zuider Zee. It is navig- able for small vessels, and at Breuckelen is a little over two hundred feet wide. The old country-seats along the Vecht, once set in the prim, geometric gardens of the last century, are now represented by modern villas, half hidden by trees, which to-day form bits of unmatched rural scenery. Eminent landscape painters of the modern Dutch school have loved to make studies amid these gentle windings, and the celebrity of the Vecht in art bids fair to surpass the forgotten fame of the neighboring castles. Old draw- bridges of wood cross the sluggish river. Trees come close to the tow-path, bordered by quaint gardens. Along the garden edges, looking out upon the stream, are Koepels or 36reucftelen 397 tea-houses, and over all this abundant foliage rises a church spire. From the fifteenth century the village had a coat of arms. The crown imports a royal grant, but from whom and whence is not known. ©l^ JGrcuckes Icn SEAL OF BREUCKELEN The castles of Nijenrode and Oud-aa are admittedly ancient. Indeed, what is now Breuckelen-Nijenrode was once a fief of the lords of Nijenrode. The settlers on Long Island generally re- produced in wood with thatched roofs the more solid stone cottages of the fotherland. They were mostly of one story, with a garret above. Their fireplaces and chimneys were stone to the height of about six feet, with great ovens alongside. Above the stone they carried up the chimneys with wood plastered thick with mortar inside." But few stone houses were built before the English con- quest. Travellers visiting such homes were cheered with good fires, which they noted were of clear oak and hickory, of which there igS JBrcuchclcn Iplantas tione was no scruple to burn with lavish hospitality. The openings of the huge fireplaces were often large enough to seat the family on both sides of the fire, without jambs. A dwelling, sometimes with the barn also, was encircled with strong palisades as a defense against Indians. An institution in the better houses was the betste, which was a closed-in bed- stead, built into the house like a cupboard, having doors, which shut up the low bunk in the daytime. Other houses had a simple slaap-banck, or sleeping-bench, in the room, on which a great feather bed lay in state. The plantation and farms about Breuckelen, besides their ordinary farm produce, cultivated great fields of tobacco. Some of the best ex- ported from the American colonies grew on the plantations about the Waal-boght. Later, it is recorded that cotton was successfully raised in Breuckelen, although only for home use, to be woven with native wool." Upon the arrival of Governor Stuyvesant in New Netherlands in 1647, he was obliged to allow an election to be had, so that there should be popular representation in the Coun- cil. New Amsterdam, Breuckelen, Amers- foort, Midwout (Flatbush), and other places, elected eighteen of the " most notable, reason- able, honest, and respectable " among them, from whom the Governor chose nine, as an Ad- visory Council. In this body Breuckelen was Breuckelen 399 represented by its founder and schepen, Jan ipoutics in Evertsen Bout. In the subsequent dissatis- ^reucheien faction with the authority assumed by the Governor in 1653, and the public conventions and remonstrances, Breuckelen took promin- ent part, being represented by Frederic Lub- bertsen, Paulen van der Beeck, and William Beekman, whose maintenance of the rights of the people specially irritated the jealous Governor. Breuckelen, Amersfoort, and Mid- wout were specially ordered to prohibit their residents from attending any meeting at New Amsterdam. After peace had been declared between England and Holland in i6s4, enlarged local powers were granted, and two new schepens given to Breuckelen. A like increase was con- ferred on the magistracies of Amersfoort and Midwout, and a superior district court for the three villages was established. This conferred important political privileges. It gave the people rights of local jurisdiction and that right of representation for which they had con- tended in 1653." A citizen of Breuckelen could not refuse to continue to hold public office. In 1654, Jan Evertsen Bout declined to act as schepen. He incautiously said he would rather go back to Holland than continue to perform such burden- some duties. No excuses regarding his private business were accepted. Though the schepen- 400 JBrcuchclcn Zbc Jfirst Cbut'cb elect had served for previous terms, and filled other colonial offices, he was not now allowed to retire. The sheriff was formally ordered to notify him of these summary commands of Governor Stuyvesant: "if you will not accept to serve as schepen for the welfare of the Vil- lage of Breuckelen with others, your fellow- residents, then you must prepare yourself to sail in the ship King Solomon, for Holland, agreeably to your utterance." '" This appeal to the civic conscience of one who had been prominent as a reformer, coupled with the grim threat of deportation, was irresistible. No further declinations in Breuckelen offices seem to have troubled the Council. The first church in the present territory was started at Midwout (Flatbush), the building of which was begun in 1654. Before the people of Breuckelen would promise to contribute to the support of the domine, they solicited "with reverence" that the Rev. Mr. Polhemus might be allowed to preach in Breuckelen and Midwout alternately. The Council cautiously assented, declaring they had no objection that the Reverend Polhemus, "when the weather permits shall preach al- ternately at both places."^' This met serious objection from the people of Amersfoort and Gravesend, who pointed out that "as Breuckelen is quite two hours' walking from Amersfoort and Gravesend, it Breuc{?elen 401 was impossible for them to attend church in the morning, and return home at noon. So they consider it a hardship to choose, to hear the Gospel but once a day, or to be compelled to travel four hours in going and returning all for one single sermon — which would be to some very troublesome, and to some utterly impossible." " The Council finally settled the difficulty by directing that the morning ser- mon be at Midwout, and that instead of the customary afternoon service, an evening dis- course be preached alternately at Midjvout and Breuckelen. It was not till 1660, that Breuckelen had a church and domine of its own, the Rev. Henricus Selyns, who was of a distinguished Amsterdam family. He la- bored successfully for four years, then returned to Holland ; came out again eighteen years later, was enthusiastically welcomed, and set- tled in New York. His Latin poem eulogistic of Cotton Mather's great work is printed in later editions of the Magnalm."^ After the settled pastor, came the school- master. He, too, was a learned and distin- guished man — Carel de Beauvois, an educated French Protestant from Leyden, who was appointed in Breuckelen in 1661, and was also required to perform the offices of court messenger, precentor {voorsanger), "ring the bell, and do whatever else is required." In 1660, Breuckelen numbered thirty-one Hlternate Cburcb Services 40 2 Brcuchclcn 3Britidb Conquest families amounting to one hundred and thirty- four persons. It may be doubted if any ham- let of its size in the entire American colonies was favored with better spiritual guides, or more learned and helpful teachers — a preemi- nence in school and in pulpit that Brooklyn- ites may well endeavor to keep. Thereafter the growth of the village was steady and uneventful. English settlers came into the neighboring towns of Gravesend, Jamaica, and Flushing, but not without friction with their Dutch neighbors. On a morning of August, 1664, a British fleet, unannounced, anchored in Gravesend Bay. Staten Island was first seized. A body of New England volunteers came through the Sound, landed on Long Island, and encamped near the Ferry. Governor Stuyvesant indig- nantly declined to yield. A part of the fleet came up the East River and landed more troops below Breuckelen. Governor Stuy- vesant's historic "I would rather be carried out dead " than surrender, was at last over- borne by the entreaties of the women and children. On September 8, 1664, Governor Nicolls raised the flag of England on the Fort, and named New Amsterdam, New York. Long Island and Staten Island, and probably Westchester, were made an English "shire." After passing through various phases of Dutch spelling, Breuckelen became Brockland, Brock- 36reuckeleii 403 lin, Brookline, and at last Brooklyn, in the West Riding of Yorkshire. In 1683, when the counties of Kings and Queens were established, the settlement of Newtown was detached from the West Rid- ing and made part of Queens County, leav- ing Kings County with its present territory. In 1816, Brooklyn became an incorporated vil- lage, which grew to the dignity of a city in 1834. Williamsburg was united with Brook- lyn in 185',, followed by the absorption of the towns of Kings County in 1886 and 1894. In the consolidation with New York in 1897 this enlarged municipality, embracing all the county of Kings, has now become the Bor- ough of Brooklyn. la^e to 36orouab. 404 36rcuckelcn REFERENCES. !. Stiles, Hist. Brooklyn, i., p. 23 ; also see lease of IRcfcrcnccs land in Breuckelen, August i, 1647, ^or four years, rent free, tenant to cut, bum, and remove the timber, but at liberty to leave the stumps. — Doc. Col. Hist. o/N. Y., vol. xiv., p. 75. 2 Stiles, Hist. Brooklyn, i., p. 49. 3 Jounml of Voyage to New Nethcrland — Collections, L. I. Hist. Soc, vol. i., p. 123. 4 O'Callaghan, Hist. New Netherland, i., p. 101. s Literary World (N. Y.), May 20, 1848, p. 509. 6 Doc. Col. Hist. N. Y., vol. xiv,, p. 4. 7 Journal of Voyage to New Nethcrland, p. 342. 8 Stiles, Hist., i., appendix, p. 413. 9 Stiles, Hist., i., appendix, p. 414. lO 1 1 Stiles, Hist., i., chap. ii. Doc. Col. Hist. N. Y., vol. xiv., p. 48. I 2 Doc. Col. Hist. N. Y., vol. xiv., pp. 60, 64, 6s, etc. I ; Stiles, Hist., \., pp. 45, 46. '4 Motley, John of Barneveld, ii., p. 229 (ed. London, ■ S7S). Ibid., ii., p. 185. 15 16 Kabinet van Nedcrlandsche en Klecfsche Oudheden, by Mattheus B. van Nidek, Isaac le Long, J. H. Reisig, and others, p. 262, Amsterdam, 1793. ■7 Stiles, Hist. Brooklyn, i., p. 222. 1 8 Stiles, Hist., i., p. 2;2. '9 Stiles, Hist., i., p. no. 20 Doc. Col. Hist. N. Y., vol. xiv., p. 235. 21 Stiles, Hist.,\., p. 129. 22 Stiles, Hist., i., p. 130. 2_^ Magnalia, vol. i., pp. 20, 21 (Hartford, 1820). The poem ends as follows : "Tu dilecte Deo, cujus Bostonia gaudet Nostra Ministerio, seu cui tot scribere libros, I 1 JBreucI^elen 405 Non opus, aut labor est qui Magnalia Christi Americana refers scriptura plurima. Nonne Dignus es agnoscare inter Magnalia Christi ? Vive Liber totique Orbi Miracula Monstres Quae sunt extra Orbem. Cottone, in saecula vive; Et duni Mundus erit vivat tua Fama per Orbem." 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DAYTON. With an Introduction by Richard B. Kimball. New edition, re-set with selected full-page illustrations, specially produced for this volume. Octavo, gilt top $2.50 " This interesting work, written in 1871 and originally published in 1880, is now for the first time put before the public in a shape be- fitting its merits as a historic record of an interesting period in the life of this city. The volume is illustrated with a number of portraits and curious old drawings." — N. V. Sun. Historic New York Half Moon Series. Edited by Maud Wilder Goodwin, Alice Carrington Royce, Ruth Putnam, and Eva Palmer Brownell. First Series. With 29 Illustrations. 8°. . . $2.50 Second Series. Illustrated. 8" . . . . $2.30 "A delightfully attractive volume possessing much historic value, and illustrating a careful, conscientious scholarship worthy of high praise. The papers describe old New York in a simple, vivid, picturesque, and truthful fashion." — T/ie Congregationaiist . bocker's Iftistors of Iftew Both last Bats of Iftnkbcis bochet 5t(fc in mew Horl? ■fclstoric mew ffiorh G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, New York & London MILITARY HISTORY. THE ART OF WAR. The Middle Ages, From the Fourth to the Fourteenth Century. By Charles Oman, M.A., F.S.A., Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford. 8°, pp. 667. With 24 plates of maps, plans anil illus- trations ......... $4.50 The above volume forms the second of a series of four in which the author intends to present a general sketch of the history of the art of war from the Greek and Roman times down to the bei^inning of the 19th century. The first volume in chronological order, which will cover the classical division of the subject, will be issued shoitly. The third volume will be devoted to the 15th, i6th, and 17111 cent- uries, while the fourth volume will treat of the mihtary history of the 1 8th century, and the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars down to Waterloo. THE STORY OF THE CIVIL WAR. A Concise Account of the War in the United States of America between 1861 and 1865. By John Codman Ropks. To be complete in four parts, printed in four octavo volumes, with comprehensive maps and battle plans. Each part will be com- plete in itself and will be sold separately. Part I. — Narrative of Flvents to the Opening of the Campaigns of 1862, with 5 maps, 8° (now ready), pp. xiv. -)- 274 . $1.50 " The most complete, comprehensive, and interesting account of the Civil War which has ever been published. . . . We unhesitatingly recommend it as con- taining a wealth of information that no one can afford to be deprived of." — New Haven Eve. Leader. " The work is thoroughly impartial, and moreover is free from individual caprice. . . . The manner is much that of a skilled attorney stating his case, only in this instance the writer states the case for both sides." — Cincinnati Commercial Gazette. Part II. — Ready shortly. DECISIVE BATTLES SINCE WATERLOO. A Continuation of Creasy's " Decisive Battles of the World." By Thomas W. Knox. With 59 plans and illustrations. 8% pp. viii. -f 490 $2.50 " Must go wherever Creasy's invaluable preceding book of 1852 has gone, and perhaps where it has not found its way. . . . The author has done his work well and attractively." — H art/or d Post. THE NAVAL WAR OF 1812 ; or. The History of the United States Navy during the Last War with Great Britain. By Theodore Roosevelt. 3d edition, 8", pp. xxxviii. -f 531 $2.50 " Shows in so young an author the best promise for a good historian — fearlessness of statement, caution, endeavor to be impartial, and a brisk and interesting way of telling events." — A'^. I". Times. " The reader of Mr. Roosevelt's book unconsciously makes up his mind that he is reading history and not romance, and yet no romance could surpass it in interest. ' ' —P/t iladelpk ia Times. G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, New York and London. The City History Club of New York The City History Club aims to awaken a general interest in the history and traditions of New York, believing that such interest is one of the surest guarantees of civic improvement. Its work is car- ried on through three channels : I. — A Normal Class 3. — Popular Classes 3. — Public Lectures For further information, conditions of member- ship, etc., address Secretary City History Club, II West 50th Street, New York. CTbe IbalfsflDoon Series Series of 1898 Published monthly. Per number, lo cts. Sabscription price for the 12 numbers, $z.oo The Second Series of the Half Moon Papers will commence in January, 1898, with a paper on "Slavery in Old New York," by Edwin V. Morgan. "Tammany Hall," by Talcott Williams; " Old Family Names," by Berthold Fernow ; "Bowling Green," by Spencer Trask; "Prisons and Punishments," by Elizabeth Dike Lewis ; " Breuklen," by Harrington Putnam ; " Old Taverns and Posting Inns," by Elizabeth Brown Cutting ; " The New York Press in the i8th Century," by Char- lotte M. Martin and Benjamin Ellis Martin ; " Neutral Ground," by Charles Pryer ; "The Doctor in Old New York," by Francke H. Bosworth ; " Old Schools and Schoolmas- ters," by Tunis G. Bergen ; " The Battle of Harlem Heights," by William R. Shepard. G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS New York and London LIBRARY OF CONGRESS ll''ll' IM 'lill|«ll!illl'ii||!r||i||'| 014 223 603 5 ^ m '