570 8 C8 US opy 1 STATE OF UTAH COUNCIL OF DEFENSE Historical— Appointment— Organization Work Accomplished 1917 STATE OF UTAH HISTORICAL. U ;c'lus Profiting by the experience of nations en- gaged in this World War, where science, tech- nology and engineering play a more important role than in earlier conflicts, the Secretary of the Navy created the Naval Consulting Board of the United States, with Thomas A. Edison as Chairman, and two representatives from eleven of our national scientific and technical societies as members. Five associate members of this Board were selected in each state, representing five such national technical so- cieties (civil, electrical, mechanical and mining engineering and chemistry). This organization carried out an industrial survey of the nation, largely through the aid of thirty thousand members of the societies mentioned; studied war as an engineering, economic and social problem; investigated inventions; standardized the construction of aeronautic craft; recom- mended that an industrial reserve be created, that modern principles of "efficiency" be ap- plied to the work of mobilizing the resources of the nation for war, that educational orders for munitions be placed with manufacturing concerns so that they might learn to supply government needs quickly and in accordance with specifications, and that provision be made by Congress for the appointment of a Coun- cil of Defense to put into effect these recom- mendations. By congressional enactment in August, 1916, a Council of National Defense was created with the following members: Secretary Baker (War), Secretary Dan- iels (Navy), Secretary Houston (Agriculture), Secretary Lane (Interior), Secretary Redfield (Commerce), and Secretary Wilson Labor). An Advisory Commission of seven civilian members was appointed to assist in the work of mobilizing the Nation for war. Each mem- AUG 20 131^ .^ COUNCIL OF DEFENSE ber of this Commission must "have special knowledge of some industry, public utility, or the development of some natural resource, or be otherwise especially qualified." The mem- bers are Daniel Willard, President of the Bal- timore and Ohio Railroad, Chairman of the Committee on Communication and Transporta- tion; Samuel Gompers, President of the Amer- ican Federation of Labor, Chairman of the Committee on Labor; Howard E. Coffin, Vice- President of the Hudson Motor Company, Chairman of the Committee on Munitions and Manufactures; Julius Rosenwald, President Sears, Roebuck and Company, Chairman of the Committee on Supplies; Bernard M. Ba- ruch, an expert in commerce and finance, Chairman of the Committee on Raw Materials; Dr. Franklin Martin, representing the medi- cal fraternity, Chairman of the Committee on Medicine and Sanitation; and Dr. Hollis God- frey, President of Drexel Institute, Chairman of the Committee on Science, Research and Engineering. The duties of the Council of National De- fense and its advisory Commission have been expressed by our President thus: "The Council of National Defense has been created because Congress has realized that the country is best prepared for war when thoroughly prepared for peace. From an economic point of view there is very little difference between the ma- chinery required for economical efficiency and that required for military purposes. The Council is organized for the creation of rela- tions which will render possible in time of need the immediate concentration and utilization of the resources of the Nation." APPOINTMENT. In accordance with a recommendation made by the Secretary of War, acting for the Coun- cil of National Defense, Governor Simon Bam- berger of Utah appointed the following per- 3 STATE OF UTAH sons as members of a State Council of Defense: Armstrong, W. W., National Copper Bank, Salt Lake. Bamberger, Clarence, 163 South Main St., Salt Lake. Collett, R. S., Roosevelt. Cutler, Thos. R., Vermont Bldg., Salt Lake. Ebaugh, W. C, 809 Kearns Bldg., Salt Lake. Farnsworth, L. H., Walker Bros., Bankers, Salt Lake. Glass, Rt. Rev. J. S., Cathedral Residence Salt Lake. Grant, Heber J., 22 South Main St.. Salt Lake. Groesbeck, C. E., Ut. P. & Lt. Co., Salt Lake. Joyce, Dr. R. S., Ogden. Jensen, J. Y., Ephraim. Lamont, J. H., 415 10th East St., Salt Lake. Lawry, G. V., Bd. of Fire Underwriters of the Pacific, Salt Lake. Leary, W. H., Newhouse Bldg., Salt Lake. Moran, P. J., Felt Bldg., Salt Lake. McKay, A. N., Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake. Nibley, C. W., Bishops Bldg., Salt Lake. Odell, Geo. T., Con. Wagon & Mach. Co., Salt Lake. Orem, W. C, Electric Ry. Bldg., Salt Lake. Peterson, Dr. E. G., Agricultural College, Logan. Redman, B. F., 160 South Main St., Salt Lake. Richards, C. C, Ogden. Richmond, F. C, 117 W. 2nd South St., Salt Lake. Siegel, B. U., 230 South Main St., Salt Lake. Stewart, C. B., 806 Mclntyre Bldg., Salt Lake. Taylor, T. N., Provo. Wallace, W. R., 67 West 1st South St., Salt Lake. Widtsoe, Dr. J. A., University of Utah, Salt Lake. Williams, Maj. W^ G., State Capitol, Salt Lake. Young, Maj. R. W., Templeton Bldg., Salt Lake. COUNCIL OF DEFENSE ORGANIZATION Organization was effected - April 26th, 1917, and the following officers and committees were subsequently chosen: Governor Simon Bamberger. L. H. Farnsworth, Chairman. R. W. Young, Vice-Chairman. C. C. Richards, Vice-Chairman. T. N. Taylor, Vice-Chairman. W. C. Ebaugh, Secretary. ■ J. Edward Taylor, Assistant Secretary. COMMITTEES. Finance — Clarence Bamberger, Chairman; W. W. Armstrong, W. R. Wallace, Heber J. Grant, W. C. Orem. Publicity — A. N. McKay, Chairman; W. H. Leary, W. R. Wallace. Legal — C. C. Richards, Chairman; Richard W. Young. Co-ordination of Socities — Geo T. Odell, Chairman; Ben U. Siegel. E. G. Peterson. Sanitation and Medicine — Dr. R. S. Joyce. Food Supply and Conservation — E. G. Peter- son, Chairman; T. N. Taylor C. B. Stewart, J. A. Widtsoe, B. U. Siegel, Geo. T. Odell, B. F. Redman, W. R. Wallace. Industrial Survey — W. C. Ebaugh, Chair- man; T. R. Cutler, C. W. Nibley. Labor — P. J. Moran, Chairman; T. R. Cut- ler, J. H. Lamont, C. E. Groesbeck. Military Affairs — Major W. G. Williams, Chairman; Richard W. Yourig, W. H. Leary. State Protection — F. C. Richmond, Chair- man; B. F. Redman, W. G. Williams, R. S. Col- lett. STATE OF UTAH Transportation — C. E. Groesbeck, Chairman; W. C. Orem, C. W. Nibley. Local Councils of Defense — W. W. Arm- strong, Chairman; Rt. Rev. J. S. Glass, T. N. Taylor. Survey of Man Power — C. B. Stewart, Chair- man; G. V. Lawry, J. Y. Jenson. Organization — C. C. Richards, Chairman; R. W. Young, W. G. Williams, J. A. Widtsoe, J. H. Lament. Seeds — E. G. Peterson, Chairman; B. F. Red- man, Ben U. Siegel, W. R. Wallace. United States Boys* Working Reserve — J. Edward Taylor, Director for Utah; Dr. E. G. Gowans, J. Challen Smith, Oscar A. Kirkham, Homer L. Hoisington, J. C. Hogenson. Recruiting Commission — D. A. Callahan, E. B. Critchlow, A. E. Eberhardt, J. W. Ensign, A. W. Ivins, David A. Smith, John G. M. Barnes, Henry H. Blood, J. H. Robinson, Jos. E. Ellison, Jos. E. Williams, Starns Hatch. War Work Council of Y. M. C. A.— C. A. Quigley, Chairman; P. A. Simpkin, Ernest Bamberger, H. W. Sturges, D. A. Smith, Ab- bot McGinnis, L. C. Miller, F. B. Cook. Research and Invention — Guy Sterling, Chairman; 0. C. Ralston, Frank L. West, Wil- liam D. Bonner, In addition to the above, the whole state or- ganization of the Extension Division, Agricul- tural College of Utah, was placed at the serv- ice of this Council, and county, municipal, so- cial, church and commercial organizations of all kinds co-operate in the work required. Special committees made up of persons nom- inated by the Council assist whenever needed. Much of the work must necessarily be done through such committees. 6 COUNCIL OF DEFENSE Meetings of the Council are held in the Board Room, adjoining the Governor's Office, and headquarters are located in Rooms 317- 819-321, State Capitol. The Assistant Secre- tary and necessary office force are on duty during usual business hours, and conferences of the Chairman, Secretary and Assistant Sec- retary are held almost daily at headquarters. The Council of Defense in Utah was ap- pointed a month after the state legislature ad- journed. It is, therefore, an advisory body, non-partisan in its make-up, acting with and for the Governor and other state officials, and derives its authority from the extraordinary powers vested in the Governor during times of war and strife. Money used by the Council in furthering its work has been obtained through the State Board of Loan Commission- ers. It is expected that practically all of the^ funds will be returned in due time because of payments made on crop mortgages held by^ the Council, etc. In Salt Lake City and Ogden vigorous local Councils of Defense are at work. Throughout the remaining portion of the state, where pop- ulation is less dense and the necessity for lo- cal councils less pressing, the county organiza- tions of the Agricultural College's Extension Division, with paid representatives devoting all or part of their time to this work, have been adopted bodily as the means for putting into effect the Council's plans. The sparsely set- tled counties can probably be reached better by this means than through the creation of new local councils of defense. Of course, lo- cal organizations are recognized and utilized as thoroughly as possible. Duplication of ef- fort is studiously avoided. It is perhaps needless to add that no mem- ber of the Council receives any pecuniary re- muneration for the time and effort devoted to its work. All service is purely voluntary, and is rendered as a patriotic duty and privilege. 7 STATE OF UTAH WORK ACCOMPLISHED The Committee on Finance paid out $30,- 965.00, for use of the Seed Committee, and has received back on this account $14,228.00; pro- vided funds for the purchase of badges used for young men signing cards on Registration Day, June 5th, 1917; arranged through the Seed Committee for financing the Mosida proj- ect; and — probably most important of all — carried on a campaign for floating the Liberty Loan, resulting in subscriptions of $9,500,000.00, whereas Utah had been allotted $6,500,000.00 as its share. In its work it has been assisted greatly by Commercial Clubs, Rotary Clubs, fraternal organizations, women's clubs, edu- cational associations and many other kinds of business and social organizations. The Committee on Publicity has done a great work through co-operation with the public press of the state, especially along the lines of food supply and conservation, stimulating Lib- erty Loan, Red Cross and National War Work Council subscriptions, energizing recruiting for the army, navy, marine corps and national guard, advocating Boys' Working Reserve, and bringing attention forcefully to the great out- standing — but often unappreciated — fact that our nation is now actually at war against the greatest military powers in the world, and that we as citizens of the United States and of Utah must sacrifice time, money, flesh and blood in the service of our common cause. The Legal Committee has been called upon for reports and opinions concerning the legal status and powers of this Council, the legality of importing alien laborers from foreign coun- tries for use in agricultural and other indus- tries, the advisability of urging congressional representatives to support the daylight sav- ing bill as a war measure, etc. 8 COUNCIL OF DEFENSE The Committees on Coordination of Societies, local Councils of Defense and Survey of Man Power have had but little to do thus far, mat- ters that normally would have been referred to them having adjusted themselves automati- cally. The Committee on Sanitation and Medicine has enrolled above seventy-five physicians and surgeons for war service, has furnished a full report to the Surgeon General upon hospitals of the state, and has investigated the means employed in Europe for restoring cripples to their full usefulness. The Committee on Food Supply and Con- servation and its sub-committee on Seeds, co- operate with the Extension Division of the Ag- ricultural College, the U. S. Department of Agriculture and local bodies to accomplish its ends. Seeds of a value in excess of $31,000.00 were purchased and resold to farmers and others for cash or upon notes secured by crop mortgages. A large irrigation project was helped out of its financial difficulties and en- abled to secure power for pumping water to irrigate about 4,000 acres that would not have been cultivated otherwise. Campaigns have been conducted for producing more food stuffs, for cultivating home gardens and city lots, for preserving and drying fruit and vegetables, for inculcating habits of economy in the use of food, for cooperative effort in marketing crops, for saving female animals for breeding purposes and preventing their slaughter, for securing financial accommodations for farm- ers and stock growers from banks, for insur- ing an adequate supply of cans, jars, bags, crates, boxes and other containers necessary to save and market the exceptionally large crops expected this year, for stopping the practice of returning stale bread to bakeries, etc. The purchase of a carload of pressure cook- ers, for use in food preserving by modern methods, was brought about, and the sale of 250 such cookers to demonstrators, organiza- tions and local canning centers, was guaran- teed. 9 STATE OF UTAH The Committee on Industrial Survey is in possession of records concerning the industrial possibilities of Utah, both as to raw materials and manufacturing facilities, and can supple- ment the inventories collected by its predeces- sor in this work — State Directors for Utah, Naval Consulting Board — with more recent in- formation. The Committee on Labor co-operated with the State Commissioner of Labor in establish- ing a state employment bureau to act as a clearing house for the labor market, distribut- ing men where they were most needed, finding men for the job and a job for the men. The Committee on Military Affairs, ably as- sisted by a Recruiting Commission appointed from non-members of this Council, has had charge of bringing the National Guard up to- full strength — a task accomplished splendidly — and of assisting in recruiting for the army, navy and marine corps. The record made by Utah in supplying men for all these branches of the service is one in which every citizen of the state may well take pride. To this Com- mittee was also assigned the problem of home defense, a relatively simple matter in view of the fact that Utah possesses no large alien population, and that a brigade post of the United States Army is located at Salt Lake City, and some thousands of regulars and re- cruits will always be stationed there. The Committee on State Protection has worked quietly with city, county and local au- thorities to insure adequate protection for per- sons and property. The Committee on Transportation has de- voted attention particularly to the coal prob- lem, and has pointed out the dire necessity for storing coal for winter use, for stimulating pro- duction and assuring transportation and fori helping out the government indirectly by ship- 1 ping more Utah coal to California, thus releas-l ing crude oil for use of the Navy. It warns the 10 i COUNCIL OF DEFENSE people of Utah that the outlook for an ade- quate coal supply for next winter is very discouraging. The Committee on Organization fonnu- lated the plan adopted by the Council for its government. The committee on United States Boys' Work- ing Reserve has enrolled boys of suitable age for work in beet fields, canning factories, fruit- picking and packing, etc. Such boys live in camps, under competent supervision, and every precaution is taken for their physical and moral welfare, and to guarantee proper work- ing conditions and just payment. Hundreds of boys are thus provided with work, hun- dreds of men are released for other tasks more suitable to them, and many thousand of dol- lars worth of farm products have been added to Utah's store. The Committee on War Work Council of the Young Men's Christian Association, under the patronage of the Council, secured Utah's quota— $10,000.00— of the $3,000,000.00 fund raised throughout the country for carrying on the splendid work of safeguarding our soldiers' and sailors' welfare. At Fort Douglas head- quarters and an adequate force of trained as- sistants have been provided by the War Work Council, at a cost of $12,000. Wherever our boys may be sent, here or abroad, they will have the benefit of this service. The Committee on Research and Invention recently appointed will have jurisdiction over investigations of a scientific, engineering or economic nature that may be assigned to it by the Council of National Defense, this Coun- cil, or various state departments. Persons with special aptitude for a given problem will be asked to devote all or a part of their time to it, and the resources of state and local insti- tutions, schools, laboratories, shops and works will be drawn upon as necessity may require. 11 LIUKHKY Ul- ^UNUKbbb STA Among other a< 020 933 479 3 be mentioned its ciiuitij lu cAocma mc x Reserve banking system; to support the Red Cross work; to assure proper surroundings for our soldiers; to afford persons with inventions or ideas that may be of service to the army, navy, or other branches of the government a ready means for having them considered by proper authorities; to assist in the work of Registration Day; to nominate members of the Exemption Boards; to accelerate the mobiliza- tion of troops and actual entrance of our men into the war-torn lands along the western bat- tle front; to secure a modification of conditions under which alien unskilled laborers might be admitted from Canada and Mexico; to prevent hoarding of food stuffs, to obtain definite data concerning the storage and control of food stuffs, areas under cultivation and probable crop yields in Utah during 1917, etc. This brief account of the organization and work of Utah's Council of Defense is issued in the hope that it may bring to the people of our state a realization of the magnitude of the task confronting them in putting our resources — both men and material — where they can do the most good for the cause in which we have enlisted; that they may have authoritative in- formation concerning the activities of their Council; and that they and the various officials chosen by them may utilize more fully the means here provided for correlating the de- fense work of the Nation, State and Commun- ity, and obtaining greater efficiency in our combined efforts for the common weal. Respectfully submitted, W. C. EBAUGH, Secretary. State Capitol Salt Lake City, Utah July 10, 1917. 12 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 020 933 479 3