Glass Book * CGT^ij, F llfh III I |t0rt|evu §\nk. LAKE OKORGE, LAKE CHAMPLAIN, jrONTREAL AND QUEBEC, GREEN AND WHITE MOUNTAINS, A NT) WILLOUGHBY LAKE, WITH Maps and Tables of Distances. BY Z. THOMPSON, Autlioi' of History and Oazettoer ol" Vermont. BURLINGTON: i PUBLISHED BY S. B. NICHOLS. W S L.JBJB^U| l — iUIU-m / NORTHEEN GUIDE. LAKE OEORQE, --^^^ f LAKE CHAMPLAIN, MONTKEAL AND QUEBEC, GREEN AND WHITE MOUNTAINS, AND WILLOUGHBY LAKE, WITH Maps and Tables of Distances. BY Z. THOMPSON, Author of History and Gazetteer of Vermont. PUBLISHED BY S. B. NICHOLS. BURLINGTON: 1854. ^o^oj /< r fe LAKE GEORGE. Eighteen miles from Saratoga Springs, on the Tvay to Lake George, are Glens Falls. These are a considerable curiosity. The fall in the Hudson is about fifty feet, which aflFords a vast amount of water power. The Plank Road from Moreau to Lake George and the l^aratoga and White- hall Railroad crosses the Hudson at these falls. The Glens Falls Feeder, 11 miles long, connects the river above the falls with the Champlaiu Canal near Sandy Hill. The road from Glens Falls to Caldwell, at the head of Lake George, passes near Bloody Pond. This is near the place of action between Col. Williams and Gen. Dieskau, in 1775, and into this pond were thrown the bodies of those killed in the battle . Hence its name. Caldwell is delightfully situated at the south-west end of the lake, and contains about two hundred inhabitants. The LaJ^e House and United States Hotel at this place are much resorted to in summer by travellers and parties of pleasure. A steamboat plies regularly between this place and the outlet of the lake at Ticonderoga. Near Caldwell village, at the south end of the lake, are the ruins of Fort Wm. Henry, and about a mile further to the south- east are those of Fort George. Lake George is §o nearly connected with Lake Cham-n A2 LAKE GEORGE. plain, both locally and historically, as to be as a part of it. It was visited by Champlain, in 1609, and it might appear doubtful, from his own statement, whether it was not to this lake that he gave his own name. Succeeding French writers, however, confined the name of Champlain to the larger of these lakes, and called this Lake St. Sacrament, on account of the purity of its waters. The Indian name is said to have been Horicon. Mr. Spafford in his Gazet- teer of N. Y., sa^s that the natives called it Canideri-oit, or the tail of the lake, on account, probablj^ of its connex- ion with Lake Champlain. Lake George is 3G miles long and from 2 to 3 miles wide, and is elevated 243 feet above the tide waters of the Hud- son. The scenery around this lake is very much admired. The most interesting points of view are said to be at Fort George, at a place north of Shelving Rock, 14 miles, and at Sabbath Day Point, 24 miles, from the head of the lake. The last view is taken southward ; the others towards the north. This lake abounds with small and beautiful islands, among the most important of which are Diamond Island. Tea Island and Long Island. Roger's Rock or Slide, and Anthony's Nose, the former on the west and the latter on the east side, are two precipices worthy of note. Howe's Landing, just behind an island at the outlet of the lake, denotes the spot where the unfortunate expedition of Aber- crombie landed, and derives its name from Lord Howe, who accompanied and fell in that expedition, in 1758. This lake has been the scene of several important battles. One which has been generally known as the Battle of Lake George, was fought at the head of the lake in 1755, be- tween the French under the Baron Dieskau and the English under Sir Wm. Johnson. Dieskau attacked the MASSACEE AT PORT WM, HENRY. English in their encampment, but was defeated and slain. The loss of the English Avas 130 slain and that of the French about 700.* The most shocking transaction in the vicinity of this lake, was the Massacre at Fort William Henry in 1757. A British and provincial army having been collected at Ft* Edward and Ft. Wm. Henry under Gen. Webbj for the re- duction of the French works on Lake Champlain, the French sent a large army up the lake under Gen. Montcalm, for their defence. Gen. Webb, then at Fort Wm. Henry, learning from Maj. Putnam that this force had entered Lake George, returned immediately to Fort Edward, and the day following sent Col. Monroe with his regiment to reinforce the garison at the lake. The day after Munroe's arrival the French appeared at the fort, laid siege to it and demanded its surrender. The garrison, consisting of 2500 men, defended themselves with much bravery for several days, with the expectation of succor from Fort Edward. But as none came, Munroe was obliged on the 9th of August to capitulate. By the articles of capitulation all the public property was to be delivered to Montcalm, and the garrison were to march out with their arms and baggage, and to be escorted to Fort Edward* on condition of not serving against the French within the period of eighteen months. The garrison had no sooner marched out of the fort, than a scene of perfidy and barbarity commenced, which it is impossible for language to describe. Regardless of the ar- ticles of capitulation, the Indians attached to the French army, fell upon the defenceless soldieis, plundering and murdering all that fell in their way. The French offi.'.crs See Thompson's Yermont, part II. page 8. A3 MASSACEEE AT FORT WM. HENRY. were idle spectators of this bloody scene ; nor could all The entreaties of Monroe persuade them to furnish the promised escort. On that fatal day about 1500 of the English were either murdered by the savages or carried by them into cap- tivity never to return. The day following these horrid transactions, Major Put- nam was despatched from Fort Edward with his rangers to watch the motions of the enemy. He reached Lake George just after the rear of the enemy had left the shore, and the scene which was presented he describes as awful indeed. *' The fort was entirely destroyed ; the barracks, out-houses and buildings were a heap of ruins — the cannon, stores, boats and vessels were all carried away. The fires were still burning — the smoke aad stench offensive and suf- focating. Innumerable fragments of human skulls, and bones and carcasses half consumed, were still frying and broiling in the decaying fires. Dead bodies mangled with scalping knives and tomahawks, in all the wantonness of Indian barbarity, were every where to be seen. More than 100 women, butchered r.nd shockingly mangled, lay upon the ground still weltering in their gore. Devastation, bar- barity and horror every where appeared ; and the spectacle presented was too diabolical and awful either to be endured or described. ' ' LAKE ClIAMPLAIN. LAKE CHAMPLAIN. This Lake, on account of the beauty and variety of its scenery and its historical incidents, is one of the most in- teresting bodies of water in North America. It was dis- covered by Samuel Champlain, on the 4th of July, 1G09. Having founded the colony of Quebec in 1608, in June, 1G09, he, with a number of French and Indians, proceeded in a shallop, up the St. Lawrence and river Iroquois, now Richelieu, till stopped hj the Chambly rapids. From this place he determined to proceed in Indian canoes, but the Frenchmen manifested great reluctance and only two could be persuaded to accompany him. With these and about 60 of the natives, having transported their canoes by the rapids, he embarked, on the 2d of July, and, proceeding southward, on the 4th of July entered the lake. Champlain and his party proceeded along the west shore, advancing by water during the night and retiring into the forests by day, to avoid being discovered by the Iroquois, between whom and the Canada Indians a war was then carried on. As they drew near the enemy's country they proceeded with great caution, but, on the 29th of July, in the evening, they fell in with a large war party of the Iroquois. Both parties drew up to the shore, and the night was spent in preparation for battle, and in singing and taunting each other. In the morning an engagement took place, but the Frenchmen being armed with muskets, it was decided in favor of Champlain and his party, a large number of the A4 8 LAKE CHAMPLAIN. Iroquois being slain and several taken prisoners. With these they returned immediately to their shallop. Cham- plain says that this battle was fought in Lat. 43*^ and some minutes, and the place is supposed to have been on the west shore of Lake George. The present name of Lake Champlain was given by its discoverer during his first visit, as he informs us in his Journal. He was not drowned in its waters, as has been sometimes said, but died at Que- bec in 1635. One of the Indian names of this lake was Petawa-bouque, signifying alternate land and water, in allusion to the numerous islands and projecting points of land. Another is said to have been Caniaderi-GuarunU, signifying the mouth, or door of the country. If so, it was very appropriate, as it forms the gate-way between the country on the St. Lawrence and that on the Hudson. In more recent times the Indians called it Corlear, in honor of a Dutchman, who saved a war party of Canada Indians from being destroyed by the Mohawks in 1665. Extent. — Lake Champlain is usually regarded as ex- tending from Whitehall to St. Johns, being 120 miles in a right line from south to north. Sometimes it is regarded as terminating towards the north at Ash Island, four miles beyond the United States Line, and the early French writers marked its termination towards the south at Ticonderoga. The width of the lake varies from one-fourtk of ?, mile to about 18 miles, with a mean width of p8rhPi;7s 4 milss, ?.r.d COYS!" :/^ en area of abo-At SCO squ.are roiles. It receives the wr/.^rs draiasd from, about ?OCC' s :• uar3 miles. Its c'epth 13 :u ^-.'yaerai ct'Icient for the Bav:gaao:2 cf lar^e •.''•S332ls. This lake is now connecteu "dj canals with the navigable LAKE CHAMPLAIlf CANAL. waters of the Hudson and the St. Lawrence, and by rail- roads Avith New York, Boston, Montreal and Ogdensburgh. Navigation. — The first Steam Boat built on this lake commenced running in 1809. The line Boats have always been favorably known to travellers either for business or pleasure, for the manner in which they have been managed — their neat and oi'derly appearance — obliging and atten- tive officers, and efficient crews. A t present there are daily lines to and from Whitehall and Rouse's Point, stopping at intermediate places and connecting with the various Rail- roads — also numerous Ferry Boats, Propellers and Tow Boats, besides more than 300 Sloops, Canal Boats, Barges, &c. Champlain Canal connects the navigable waters of the Hudson with Lake Champlain. It is 64 miles long, 40 feet wide at the top and 28 at the bottom, with a navigable feeder at Sandy Hill 11 miles long. It has 21 locks, 14 by 90 feet. Rise from the Hudson, 134 feet, fall to the lake, 54 ; was begun in 1816, finished in 1819, and cost $1,- 079,872. The route of this canal is interesting on account of its passing through a section of country rendered mem- orable by important military operations. It passes in part along the line of Burgoyne's advance from Lake Cham- plain — near the scene of his principal battles — and of his final surrender. It passes near Fort Miller — Fort Edward — and Fort Anne — the spot where Miss M'Crea was murdered — the tree to which Gen. Putnam was bound in 1757, <5-c. Whitehall is situated at the junction of the Champlain Canal with the lake. It contains about 2500 inhabitants, A5 10 WHITEHALL. a Presbyterian, an Episcopal and a Methodist church, a bank, &c. It is a great thoroughfare of travel and mer- chandise, is a place of considerable business, and is fast improving in appearance and comfort. Before the revolu- tion Major Skeene resided hei-e, and the place was for some time known ly the name of Skeenesborough. The Indian name of this place is said to be Kah-sha-quah-na or place where dip fish. At this place steamboats arrive and depart daily during the continuance of the navigation, forming a connected line with the Whitehall and Saratoga Railroad. From here to Ticonderoga the lake is very narrow, averaging less than a mile. The widest place is about two miles, against the south part of Orwell. At Shole's Landing, 1 mile south of Mount Independence, the width is only forty rods. Haifa mile from Whitehall is what is called the Elboiv, a short turn in the lake oc- casioned by the projection of a rocky point from the west. It is with considerable difl&culty that large boats pass it on account of the narrowness of the channel. To avoid delay the Railroad is continued to the north end of the village to a Steam Boat landing north of the Elbow, where boat pas- sengers take or leave the cars. Half a mile further north South Bay opens to the southwest. Ticonderoga. — This is an. Indian word signifying noisy; and was applied by the natives to the falls in the outlet of Lake George. It was afterwards applied to the fortifica- tions on the peninsula at the outlet, and now to a village two miles up the outlet and to the township in which they are situated. Fort Ticonderoga occupies a conspicuous TICONDEBOOA. 11 place in the military operations in this neighborhood. Its situation may be seen by the following diagram. :: Indep =^ Champrn The French first established themselves here in 1775, and in the course of two or three years had erected works, which they named Fort Carillon, and which, with its natural advantages, rendered it a place of considerable strength. Abercrombie's Defeat. — In 1758, the English had col- lected an army of 16,000 men, at the head of Lake George for the purpose of reducing the French works on Lake Champlain. At the head of these Gen. Abercrombie em- barked at Fort "VYm. Henry on the 5th of July, and pro- ceeded doT^n the lake in 900 batteax r.ncl 135 wha''.eboats. He lanced r.t the loTrer end -eitho-it difnculty. As they advanced towards the j'rench works, they had frequent skirmishes with the enemy, ^.:j which their progress was retarded and in one of which the gallant Lord Howe was 12 TICONDEROQA — ABEIICROMBIE'8 DEFEAT. killed. The English columns at length became so much embarrassed and broken on account of the thickness of the woods, that Abercrombie deemed it prudent to march back to the place where he had landed in the morning, and there encamped for the night. The French works were protected on the only assailable ground by a line of breastworks and garrisoned by 6000 men, and, as a reinforcement of 3000 men was on its way to join them, Abercrombie was anxious to get possession of the works before it should arrive. He, therefore, the next morning led forward his men in regular order and with undaunted firmness, and commenced an immediate assault upon the French lines. The enemy opened upon them a well directed fire from their artillery, but the English con- tinued to advance undismayed till they became completely entangled and stopped by the trees and bushes, which had been felled to impede their approach. For four hours they strove to cut their way through these with their swords, but without success. All this time they were exposed to the deadly fire of the enemy, who were completely sheltered by their breastworks. The numbers of the assailants con- tinually diminishing, and no prospect of success appearing, Abercrombie thought it most prudent to retreat, and ac- cordingly led back his shattered army to their former en- campment without being pursued or molested by the enemy. The English lost in this encounter, in killed and wounded, nearly 2000 men and 2500 stand of arms. The next year this post was abandoned by the French and was taken possession of by the English under Gen. Amherst TICONDEROGA DURING THE REVOLUTION. 13 without any fighting, by whom the works were repaired and strengthened. Ticonderoga during the Revolution. — Ticonderoga was our first trophy in the war for Independence. It was taken by surprise by Ethan Allen at the head of 83 men, mostly Green Mountain Boys, in the morning of the 10th of May, 1775, who demanded its surrender "in the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress." It re- mained in possession of the Americans till the advance of Burgoyne through the lake in 1777. The Americans at this time occupied Ticonderoga and Mount Independence, on the opposite side the lake, where they had some small batteries. These posts were connected by a floating bridge 80 rods long and 12 feet wide. Burgoyne first took pos- session of Mount Hope, situated about a mil© te the north- west of Ticonderoga. Mount Defiance, situated at the southwest, completely commanded the American works, being 80 feet above them, but was supposed to be of so dif- ficult access as to prevent any attempt of the British to plant cannon upon it. But in this they were mistaken ; for on the 5th of July the British had taken possession of this mountain, and had commenced the erection of a bat- tery. The American General St. Clair immediately called a council of ofl&cers, by whom it was agreed to abandon the post at Ticonderoga and Mount Independence and retreat to the south, which was carried into effect before the next morning. The British then took possession and held it till the close of the war. From Ticonderoga to Crown Proint the width of the lake 14 CHIMNEY POINT. varies from 1 to 2 miles. In this distance are two or three anding places, all on the- east side. Chimney Point, the landing place opposite to Crown Point, is in the south western corner of the town of Addi- son. Here the French commenced their first settlement upon the lake in 1731. When Crown Point fell into the hands of the English in 1759, this settlement was aban- doned, and the remains of the chimneys, which they had erected in their huts, probably suggested to the first English settlers the name of Chimney Point. The stone windmill i mentioned by Kalm, as being one or two musket shots to the east of Fort Frederick, and as having 5 or 6 small cannon mounted in it in 1749, and which has been supposed to have given name to this point, was most prob- ably at the place opposite, marked by the ruins of what is called Grenadier's Battery. Henry. M ^ 1^ Cedar pt % %> r^ EJm Pt. w \^ ^% ^^pi ^ ^^p ... -'^''^' & ^ ^a"^^' ^S -?^^'' '1 m%% ^^^ft ^s; y ^^A Bs ^ ^ 1 W^ M ^Pm mi 2 j Pm ^ w^^- ^^S^ ^ j ^ « SL w^' ^9^^' s 'vere used as barracks, are built of solid masonry with chimneys, and the stones for their con- struction appear to have been taken from the ditch, and CROWN POINT PORT, PORT HENRY, YTESTPORT. 17 the chips used for levelling up the slope of the glacis. In the northeastern bastion is a large well, said to be 90 feet deep, and from this bastion was the descent to the covered way or underground communication with the lake. The walls of this covered way have fallen in, so as to render it impassable, but it may be traced through its whole length by a depression along the surface of the ground. This fort was taken by surprise by a party of Green Mountain Boys, under Seth Warner, on the same day that Ticonderoga surrendered to Ethan Allen. The width of the peninsula upon which these works stood is one mile, and is in no part much elevated above the site of the principal fort, but there is a considerable mountain on the west side of Bulwagga Bay, the nearest summit of which is only 1| miles from the fort and elevated 400 feet above it. The highest is distant 2| miles and elevated 900 feet. The whole peninsula is made up of dark lime stone covered in most parts with only a slight depth of earth, so that works upon it cannot be assailed by regular advances. The width between Crown Point and Chimney Point is only about half a mile. From Crown Point to Split Rock the average width of the lake is about 3^ miles. Port Henry is 1^ miles from Crown Point Fort and a little north of Cedar Point. Here is a good landing place, and here are the works of the Port Henry Ir-on Company. There is a ferry between this place and Chimney Point. Westport, the next landing place on the N. Y. side, is situated on Northwest Bay. It is a thriving village of about 600 inhabitants. A horse ferry boat plies between this place and Basin Harbor. 18 BASIN HARBOR, FORT CASSIN, SPLIT ROCK. Basin Harbor, one of the best on the lake, is in the town of Ferrisburgh, Vt., and is 5 miles west from the city of Vergennes, and is the landing for it. Fort Cassin, 3 miles north of Basin Harbor and on the north side of the mouth of Otter Creek, was formerly a landing place of passengers for Vergennes. It is 8 miles from the city of Vergennes, where Macdonough's fleet was fitted out, with which he gained his victory. Fort Cassin . takes its name from Lieut. Cassin of the navy, who with a spiall breast work at this place, and less than 200 men commanded by himself and Capt. Thornton, of the artillery, on the 14th of May, 1814, repulsed a large British force in an attempt to enter the creek for the purpose of destroying the American flotilla before it should be ready for service. Split Rock has been regarded as one of the greatest natural curiosities on the lake, and is one which did not escape the notice of the earliest French explorers. Rocher Fendu occupies a conspicuous place on Charlevoix map of 1 744. The part detached contains about half an acre, rises about 30 feet above the water, is covered with bushes and is separated about 12 feet from the main rock. Some have supposed the chasm to have been produced by the breaking oif of the promontory in consequence of being undermined by the lake, or by some great convulsion of nature. But the slightest examination shows that the rocky point was here originally crossed by what geologists call a dike, the materials of which have been washed out, forming a chasm in the more solid rock through which the lake flows when high. The chasm, instead of being unfathomable, as some have represented, is so shallow, that no water flows through ] ES3EX JUNIPER. ISLAND. 19 when the lake is low. A few rods south of Split Rock stan'ls a light house. The width of the lake between Split Rock and Thompson's Point is only about a mile. From I this place the width of the lake increases towards the north, land at McJVeiVs Ferry ^ between Charlotte landing, and the village of E-sex, it wants 20 rods of three miles. This is one of the oldest and best ferries across the lake. Th« passage is by a small steamboat called the Boquet. Just north of Charlotte landing is the delightful residence of Charles McNeil, Esq. Essex is a pleasant village, containing about OCO inhab- itants. From this place the width of the lake increases as it flows north, and at Burlington amounts to about 10 miles ; and here is the greatest expanse of water uninter- rupted by islands. On the way from Essex to Burlington, are passed the Four Brothers, (lying at some distance,) Juniper Island and Rock Dunder on the left, and Pottier's Point and mouth of Shelburn Bay on the right. Four Brothers are four small islands lying about 7 miles south-west from Burlington, and being out of the usual line of navigation, they are resorted to by gulls and other water-fowl for the purpose of raising their .young. On Charlevoix map of 1744, they are called Me de quatre Vents. Juniper Island lies about 3 miles south west from Burlington — is composed of slate rock, with precipitous- banks about thirty feet high, and covered with about a doz- en acres of good soil. A light house was erected here in 1826. 2 20 HARBOR — BURLINGTON. Rock Dunder is a solitary rock rising out of the water between Juniper Island and Potiier's Point to the height of about thirty feet. Pottier's Point is 2^ miles nearly south from the landing at Burlington and at the mouth of Shelburn Bay. On the east side of this point, just within the bay, is a ship yard, called the Harbor. It is three miles from the steam boat landing in Burlington, and although situated in the township of Shelburn, may be regarded as the Burlington shipyard. Here several of the large steamboats have been built and they are usually laid up here during the winter. Through the greater part of the passage from Ticonde- roga to Burlington, the tiaveler has a fine view of the Green Mountains in Vermont, stretching along at the east, particularly of the Camel's Hump, and the JVose and Chi7i of the Mansfield Mountains, lying further north. BURLINGTON. Burlington is situated nearly midway between White- hall and St. Johns. It is the most important town on Lake Champlain, is a port of entry, and by recent arrangements between our government and Great Britain, is made one of the two ports (Plattsburgh being the other) on Lake Cham- plain, at which merchandize sent from England through the United States into Canada is entered for inspection and exportation. The village of Burlington is not surpassed in beauty of location by any town in New England. It occupies a gentle declivity terminated on the west by the BURLINGTON — MAP. 21 lake. The principal streets running east and west are one mile in length, and these are crossed nearly at right angles by others running north and south, cutting the whole vil- lage into regular squares. The village contains nearly seven thousand inhabitants, and is steadily advancing in wealth and population. It is the seat of the University of Vermont which is a flourishing institution, having a well selected library of about 8000 volumes, a very good chemi- cal and philosophical apparatus, and a respectable cabinet of natural history. Besides the university buildings, the village contains eight churches, a court house and jail, a public high school, a female seminary, four banks, five printing offices, seven hotels and taverns, and about sixty stores, four of which are bookstores. There are three lines of railroads, by each of which trains arrive and depart twice or more daily, excepting Sundays. During the con- 22 UNIVEBSITY — WINOOSKI. tinuance of navigation, there are regular lines of steam- boats between here and Whitehall, and between here and Rouse's Point, besides numerous arrivals and departures of irregular boats, sloops, &c. There are four extensive wharves with storehouses, and two extensive freight depots on the lake shore, with passenger depots near the lake, and one near the center of the village. A breakwater has been built in front of the wharves for the protection of shipping. Opposite to Burlington the width of the lake is 9.^ miles, and the soundings taken at eight different places along the line, vary from 50 to about 300 feet. The buildings of the University of Vermont are delight- fully situated at the eastern extremity of the village, at an elevation of 277 feet above the level of the lake. The prospect from the dome of the principal edifice is, at some seasons of the year one of unrivaled beauty, and well re- pays the toil of the ascent. Here is spread out, as upon a map before the eye, the busy village— the lake, stretching from south to north, with its bays and islands, its steam- boats and other water craft — the Winooski river, dashing through dark and frightful chasms, and then winding gently through the beautiful meadows at the north — and, more remote, the woods and farms, and smiling villages ; and, to complete the picture, the east and west are bound- ed by a grand and varied outline of mountains, many of whose summits mingle with the clouds. Population of the town about 8000. At the lake shore near the Vt. Central Railroad grounds is located the Pioneer Mechanics Shop — a building 400 feet iGDs by 60 ftet wide, m \ybkli cvre geveral lar^^ naanufac- PORT KENT. turiug establishments, driven by steam power. The Bur- lington Gas Works supply the town with Gas WiNOOSKi Village is situated at the Lower Falls in the Winooski river, and 2 miles from the steamboat landing iu Burlington. Here is abundant and excellent water power which has hitherto been only partially improved. At this place is an extensive woolen factory, a cotton factory, flour- ing mill, and several other factories and mills. A large block fictory, satinet factory, and several mills have been destroyed by fire, which have not yet been rebuilt. Popu- lation about 2000. From Burlington to Port Kent, 10 miles, the course is a little north of west. Juniper Island and the Four Broth- ers lie at the left, and on the right, first Lone-rock or Sharpshiu Point, near which may be seen the residence of theRt. Ptev. J. H. Hopkins, and a little further along, Ap- pletree Point, and still farther and more remote, Colches- ter Point. Winooski river enters the lake between the two last. Just before reaching Port Kent, a considerable island is passed lying on the left, called Schuyltr's Island. The French called it Isle an Chupon. The Point of the main land lying between this island and Port Kent, is called Point Tremblean. Port Kent is a pleasant little village which owes its ori- gin to the late Elkanah Watson, Esq. and has grown up with- in a few years. It has a convenient dock from which is shipped the greater part of the immense quantity of iron manufactured in this section of the country. On the Au Sable river which runs thi'ough a region abounding in iron 24 PORT JAUKSON. ore, and empties into the lake a little north of this port, are the floiii'ishing manufacturing villages of Ausable Forks, Clintonville, Keeseville, and Birmingham. On this river are many interesting falls. Those at Birmingham, 2 miles from Port Kent, and the Ausable Chasm below, through which the river passes, are well worthy the notice of the curious traveler. From Port Kent to the Ausable Forks there is a plank road about 20 miles in length. From Port Kent to Plattsburgh the course is along the western shore of the lake. Port Jackson, the only intermediate landing place, is nearly west of the south end of VaJcour Island, noted for a severe naval conflict, on the llthof October 1776, be- tween the American flotilla under General Arnold, and the British under Capt. Prindle, The battle was fought a little north of Port Jackson. Five or six miles nearly east from Port Jackson was the scene of the conflagration of the steamer Phoenix on the morning of the 5th of Sep- tember, 1819. Previous to the settlement of Port Kent the steamboats proceeded directly froi'- Burlington to Plattsburgh, along the west shore of Grand Isle, as a part of them do at present. On the morning of the accident, the Pha'nix left Burlington about one o'clock, against a strong north wind. About 3 o'clock, while off nearly west of the south end of Grand Isle, the boat was discovered to be on fire, and all efforts to extinguish it were unavailing. There were at this time 44 persons on board, 31 of whom entered the small boats, and succeeded with considerable difficulty in reaching a small island about a mile to the windward, called Providence Island. The remaining 13 PLATTSBUBGH. 26 were soon obliged to commit themselves to the water upon bits of plank and such other thinf^s as were within their reach. The small boats returned just after daylight and succeeded in saving 6 of those who had managed to keep themselves afloat. The remaining 7 were drowned. The wreck drifted southward and lodged on a reef extending from Colchester Point. This is the only accident worthy of notice v/hich has occurred during 45 years of steam navigation on this lake. Plattsburgh is a flourishing village pleasantly situated on both sides of the river Saranac It has 4 churches and about 3000 inhabitants. There are falls in the river here of about 40 feet, aSbrding a large amount of water power. On these there are several manufacturing establishments, but Ihey are only pai-tially occupied. Plattsburgh is connected ^'alcour r. 26 BATTLB AT PLATTSBUBGH. by railroad with Montreal and with the Rouse's Point and Ogdensbuvgh road. Plattsburgh is a military post of the United States, and a little south of the village, near the lake shore, the government has erected extensive stone barracks, and a permanent breakwater for the protection of the harbor. During the last war with Great Britain this place was the scene of an important engagement, both on land and water. Baitle of Plattsburgh.— On the 1st of September, 1814, Gen. Prevost entered the United States at the head of 14,000 men, and advanced towards Plattsburgh, which was then garrisoned by only one brigade, commanded by Gen. Macomb. Prevost's advance was slow and cautious, and in the mean time every eflfbrt was made by Macomb to call in the neighboring militia. On the 7th, Prevost ap- peared before Plattsburgh, and till the 11th, awaited the arrival of the British flotilla, being employed in the mean time in erecting batteries. The American flotilla, comman- ded by Commodore Macdonough, and consisting of the Saratoga, of 26 guns, the Eagle, of 20, the Ticonderoga, of 17, the Preble of 7, and ten gun boats, carrying 16 guns, and carrying in the whole 820 men, was then lying in Plattsburgh bay. The British naval foi'ce at this time consisted of a frigate of 39 guns, the Linnet of 16, two sloops of 1 1 each, and 13 gun boats carrying 18 guns, with 1050 men, and commanded by Commodore Downie. The American ships were anchored in a line extending in a direction neai'ly north from Crab Island. In the morning of the 11th of September, the British flotilla came around Cumberland Head, and, about 9 o'clock anchored in aline BATTLE AT PLATTSBURGH. 27 parallel to tlie American, aud about 300 yards distant. In this situation, the whole force on both sides became enga- ged, and after a severe conflict of 2 hours and 20 minutes, the engagement was terminated by the surrender of the whole British flotilla, with the exception of a few gunboats which effected their escape. The British loss was 84 killed, among whom were Commodore Downie and two Lieuten- ants. The American was 52 killed and 58 wounded. — Among the former were Lieutenants Gamble and Stans- bury. The commencement of the naval action seemed to be the signal for a general assault by land. The enemy opened their batteries upon the American works and the same time attempted to cross the Saranac and gain their rear. The Americans kept up a destructive fire from their forts and met the enemy at every point with most determined bravei-y. As soon as it was known that their fleet had surrendered, the enemy relinquished all their hopes, and began making arrangements for a retreat ; and before the next morning they had retired so precipitately as to leave behind their wour.ded, and large quantities of provisions and military stores. The officers who fell on both sides in these engagements, were all buried near together in the public cemetery at Plattsburgh, and the Clinton County Military Association celebrated the anniversary of the battle in 1843, by placing over them marble monuments with appropriate inscrip- tions. Cumberland Head extends three miles into the lake on the north side of Plattsburgh or Cumberland Bay. On 28 ISLANDS — rouse's POINT. this point is a light house, and the farm presented to Com. Macdonough by the Legislature of Vermont. It lies in full view of the scene of his memorable victory on the 11th of September, 1814. On Cha-rlevoix's map of 1744 this point is Called Cap Scoumounion. Cumberland Head is connected by a ferry with Grand Island. Grand Island, or South Hero, is the largest island in the lake and belongs to Vermont. It has an excellent soil, And is connected with Cumberland Head on the west by a -ferry and with the main shore on the east by a bridge near- ly 2 miles long, called the Sand-bar Bridge. I>[0RTH Hero is another large island lying north of the above. It cons itutes a township of the same name, and belongs to Vermont. The steamboats from Burlington and Plattsburgh to St. Albans, pass between these islands. Isle La Motte also belongs to Vermont ; contains 4620 acres, and constitutes a township of the same name. Its rocks are lime, from which is quarried a fine black and gray marble. Alburgu, lying still further north, is a tov/nship form- ed by a point of land extending southward between the lake and Missisco Bay. It is connected with Canada along the 45th parallel of latitude. In this town is a medicinal spring which is a place of considerable resort for invalids. In Highs^atc, lying east of the bay, is an- other medicinal spring of quite equal celebrity. The Northern Vermont Railroad terminates on the west shore of Alburgh, opposite to the termination of the Ogdens- burgh Railroad at Rouse's Point, find the two termina- tions are connected by a bridge. Missisco Bay is a large body of water extending into UNITED STATES LINE. 29 Canada, on the east side of which is the village of Phil- lipsburgli. Chazy Landing is 16 miles north of Plattsburgh. Rouse's Point is 9 miles north of Chazy, in the town- ship of Champlain, and about one mile from the United States line. Here is a convenient steamboat landing, and the connexion of the Northern Vermont, the Champlain and St. Lawrence and the Ogdensburgh Railroads. Near- ly opposite on the west part of Alburgh, is Windmill Point. This point takes its name from a windmill built here by the French while they had possession of the lake. Uniied Stales Line. — This line was fixed in 1842, by treaty negotiated by Lord Ashburnham and Mr. Webster, on the old line formerly supposed to be the 45th parallel of latitude. Immediately after the close of the last war the United States government commenced building a fort on a low point to the northward of Rouse's Point landing which should completelj' command the passage up the lake. By the survey of this line in 1818, it was found that this point was north of the 45th parallel and the work was consequently abandoned ; but by the late treaty the fort was secured to the United States, and the work has re- cently been resumed. An opening through the Avoods like a road, on the east side of the lake, and about 200 rods north of the fort marks the place of the Line as now estab- lished, Asn Island, lying 3 or 4 miles noi'th of the Line is some- times regarded as the termination of the lake towards the north, and the commencement of the Richelieu or Sorel which forms its outlet. ST. JOHNS. Lfi Colle Ijing on the west side was a British military post during the last war with Great Britain, and is noted on account of an unsuccessful attack made by the Ameri- cans upon the enemy sheltered in the stone mills at this place on the 29th of March, 1814. Isle Aux Noix is the frontier military post of the Brit- ish. It is strongly fortified and garrisoned and completely commands the passage of the lake or river. The Ameri- cans took possession of this island in 1775 and retained it till they retreated from Canada the next year. It was afterwards the principal scene of the negotiations between the British officers and the agents of the leading men in Vermont, by which a large British army was kept inactive during the la'^t three years of the revolutionary war. St. Johns is the termination of the steamboat naviga- tion of the lake in this direction, being checked by the Chambly rajjids. The village of St. Johns contains about 2000 inhabitants. It is a military post, and extensive barracks have been erected here since the late rebellion, which are pleasantly situated and occupied by a few British troops. It was the scene of some military operation dur- ing the revolution. It sustained a seige of six weeks be- fore it surrendered to Gen. Montgomery in Nov. 1775. St. Johns is a port of entry with a custom house. Chamhly Canal is 12 miles long, connecting the navi- gable waters above with those below Chambly rapids, and extending from St. Johns to Chambly. There are 9 locks, 120 feet long and 24 wide, each with a lift of 10 feet, mak- ing 90 feet in the whole. It was built by the British gov- ernment, finished in 1843, and cost about |;400,000.— MONTREAL WILLTAM HENRY. 31 This canal completed an uninterrupted water communica- tion between Quebec and New York. Montreal, the largest city in Canada, contains 40,000 inhabitants. This city presents a strong contrast to cities of the United States, and in its population, buildings, streets and customs, resembles the cities of the old world, and hence it is an object of particular interest to the Amer- ican traveller. On approaching, the object which first attracts attention, is the huge I' oman Catholic Cathedral •whose towers rise so majestically above the surrounding buildings. On a nearer approach the city and its environs are seen to great advantage. The river here is about 3 miles wide and opposite the city lies the beautiful island of St. Helena, which is strongly fortified and garrisoned. The new whars-es at which the landings are made, extend more than a mile along the river. They are built of ham- mered stone in the most substantial manner, and are said to exceed any thing of the kind in America. The objects of interest to the traveller in and about Montreal are too numerous to be particularized here, but a ride to the mountain in the rear of the city should not be dispensed "with by any who have the least taste for the picturesque and beautiful. Between this city and Quebec, 180 miles below, is a regular daily line of steamboats during the continuance of navigation. This city is connected directly with Portland, Me., by the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad. William Henry, or Sorel, is 45 miles below Montreal, and situated at the junc ion of the outlet of Lake Cham- plain with the St. Lawrence, or rather with the upper end 32 THREE RIVERS — RAPIDS. of Lake St. Peters, which is au expansion of that river, 25 miles long and 9 broad. On the way from Montreal to Wm. Henry are passed the villages of Longeuil, Vercheres, Varenues, and several others. Port.St. Francis is the principal landing place between Wm. Henry and Three Rivers. It owes its existence chiefly to the eflforts of the British American Land Company. Passengers bound to the Eastern ToAvnships are landed here and proceed up the river St. Francis by stage. Three Rivers, situated nearly midway between Mon- treal and Quebec, is the largest town between those cities. It lies at the junction of the river St. Maurice with the St. Lawrence. In the mouth of the St. Maurice are two small islands, which divide the stream into three parts, and which appear, from the St. Lawrence, like the mouths of three rivers, and hence the name. Richelieu Rapids are half way from Three Rivers to Quebec. The St. Lawrence is here about two miles wide with a rocky shore, and the rapids extend about 9 miles. Steamboats pass these rapids without difficulty or danger, but other vessels can ascend them only by taking advan- tage of the tide, or by being towed up by steam boats. Sillery Cove, noted for the last battle between the English and French, which completed the conquest of Can- ada in 1759, and Wolfe's Cove where Wolfe landed and drew his cannon up the precipice, are passed just before reaching Quebec, as is also Cape Diamond, at the base of which the gallant Montgomery was killed on the 31st of December, 1775. QUEBEC. 3& Between Montx-eal and Quebec there are regular lines of Steamboats, generally well fitted with State Kooms and Cabins. Travellers will find them at all times in good order, with intelligent and obliging Captains, and Clerks and Stcwai'ds that understand and perform their several duties. The Captains and Pilots are men of experience ;. and in no part of the world have fewer accidents occurred to Steamboats than on this River. No other place on the American Continent furnishes more objects of intcvcst to the traveler than Montreal and Quebec. Quebec is the most interesting place on the continent for an American to visit. Here may be seen the citadel, 350 feet above the River, resembling the old castles of Europe in feudal times, with a town built and fortified in the manner of the most strongly fortified towns of Europe in the fifteenth century. It was here that one of the earliest settlements in North America was commenced by Cham- plain in 1C08, and most of the stone houses built during the first 150 years after its settlement are still standing in the upper town, many of them bomb proof. For five miles before reaching Quebec, a succession of Coves are passed, filled with all sorts of lumber, with vessels loading for Europe and other places ; and as the traveler approaches the city he passes Cape Diamond, rising about 350 feet from the water. The city is divided into the upper and lower town, the former enclosed by a wall with five gates, and about 200 feet above the latter. The lower town is much of it built on land gained by excavation and build- ing wharves into the river. Travelers will find carriages to convey them by a winding road to the upper town,, where they Avill find all the accommodations they may de- 34 MANSFIELD — CAMEL*S HUMP. sire. Fresh salmon may at all times during the summer be here found in abundance. The places of interest to be seen in and near Quebec are too numerous to be described in this place. A steamboat makes occasional trips to the River Saguenay, 140 miles beloWj and intermediate places. MANSFIELD MOUNTAIN AND CAMEL'S HUMP. These Mountains all belong to the Green Monntain Range, and are in full view from the Vt. University in Burlington, and about 26 miles distant, the former bearing a little to the north, and the latter a little to the south of east. The Mansfield Mountains consist of several sum- mits, whose outlines, seen from a distance, both on the eastern and western side, bear no slight resemblance to the profile of a human face, looking upward, in which the forehead, nose, lips and chin are, at once recognized. The Chin is the mcst northern of these summits and is the highest point of the Green Mountains. The following are the measurements of the Mansfield summits and of Camel's Hump above the ocean. Chin, . . . 4348 feet Nose, . . . 4044 «* Forehead, . . . 3882 " Camel's Hump, . . 4083 " The prospect from the Chin is exceedingly fine. On the west the whole valley of Lake Champlain appeal's spi-ead out as a Map, bounded by the lofty and picturesque Adi- rondaoks on the south-west, and opening in the north-west WINOOSKI — EICHMOND. 35 into the valley of the St. Lawrence to the city of xNlontreal. On the east the view is limited only by the White Moun- tains of New Hampshire. The view from Camel's Hump is very similar, and but little inferior to that from the Chin. Both well repay the toil of ascent. The rocktj constituting all of these moun- tain-summits is coarse talcose slate, filled with seams of white and glassy quartz. Krom Burlington the easiest way of visiting these mountains, is to proceed first by the Vermont Central Railroad to Waterbury, 28 miles. This route is along Winooski river, and the principal objects along it are Winooski Village 2 miles from Burlington, where there is excellent water power, a woolen, cotton, and fluui*- ing mills, and some other factories. Villuge contains about 2000 inhabitants. The Chasm and Hi^h Brilge and Penniman & Catlin's extensive lime-kilns, are one mile further along. Essex Junction is six miles from Burlington Here the Northern Vermont Railroad to Rouse's Point connects with the Vt. Central. RicuMOxn is 1 5 miles from Burlington — a pleasant little village surrounded by a fine firming township. Two miles before reaching this village the Riilroad crosses the farm on which His Excellency Thos. Chittenden, first Guvernor of Vermont, commenced improvement before the revolution, The vene.able brick mansion, erected by him in 1794, and in which he died in 1797, may be seen, in passing, on an elevation at the right. Jones viLLE 3 miles from Richmond, and Bolton 4 miles WILLOUGHBY LAKE. further, are small way stations and the only ones before • reaching Waterbury. The J\^atural Bridge 4 miles from Waterbury is an in- teresting curiosity. The chasm, in which it is situated may be seen on the left from the cars. If the traveller chooses to visit Camel's Hump, horses and carriages may be procured at Waterbury with which he may proceed 5^ miles over a tolerable road. The re- maining 2L miles is passed on foot, but only a small part of this is steep and difflfcult. To visit the JIansfield Mountains it is best to proceed from Waterbury to Stowe by stage, 10 miles over a good plank road. From the latter place the distance to the top of the Mountain is about 7 miles, a large part of which is a good-carriage road, and the remainder a comfortable bridle path. WILLOUGHBY LAKE. This lake, which has become a favorite place of resort for pleasure parties in the summer, is in the township of Westmore, Orleans County, Vermont. It is 5^ miles long, and from half a mile to 1^ mile wide. Its south end lies^ in a chasm between two granite mountains, the sides of which, focing each other, are nearly perpendicular, and about half a mile asunder. That on the east side is called Pis^a/i, and that on the west Hor. These names were given to the two summits long before there was any settle- ment in that part of the county, and there is no good reason why the former name should be supplanted by that of Ananancc, which some are endeavoring to substitute for WILLOUGUBY LAKE. 37 it. The surface of Willoughby Lake is 1161 feet above the ocean, and the summit of Pisgah 1586 feet above the lake, or 2747 feet above the ocean. The bed of the lake is, for the most part, a clean white sand and pebbles, and the ■water clear and pure. The coldness and purity of the wa- ter, the salubrity of the air, and above all, the wild grand- eur and beauty of the scenery, (and I must add, the savory longe,) render it one of the most inviting summer retreats from the dust and heat and turmoil of city and village, any where to be found. Three years ago that lake was hardly accessible, on either side. Now a good road passes along the whole length of the eastern shore, and at the south end a spacious public house, called the Lake House, has been erected for the accommodation of travellers and visitors, where stages arrive and depart daily, evening and morning, in both directions. The site of the Lake House is 122 feet above the lake. The J^Tatural Flower Garden, so inter- esting to the Botanist, is situated on a sloping surface, in the western declivity of Pisgah, 583 feet above the Lake. The ascent to the garden is somewhat difficult, but that from the Lake House to the summit of Mt. Pisgah is quite easy, and the view from it exceedingly fine. Wil- loughby Lake and the adjacent mountains, from a point three miles to the northward, form one of the finest views found any where in New England. From Burlington there are three principal routes to Willoughby Lake. The most direct is by way of Johnson, Craftsbuiy and Irasburgh, mostly by stage. Another route is by the Vt. Central Railroad to White River June- 38 WHITE MOUNTAINS. tion ; thence by the Pussumpsic Railroad to St. Johnsbn- ry, and then by stage to the lake. Another route is by ■way of Montreal and Sherbrooke to Island Pond, [page 43] then by stage 11 miles to Willoughby Lake. WHITE MOUNTAINS. The White Mountains are situated in the northern part of New Hampshire and have become objects of the highest interest to the ti-aveller. They extend 8 miles northward from what is called the A'otch, and consist of 7 naked sum- mits or peak--, surrounded at their base by dense forests. The hights of these several peaks are as follows : Mount Washington, 6226 feet. Mount Adams, 5759 *« Mount Jefferson, 5657 " Mount Madison, 5415 " Mount Monroe, 5349 «' Mount Franklin, 4850 " Mount Pleasant, 4715 *' All these summits except the first exhibit proofs of dilu- vial, or glacial action. Thp highest part of Mount Wash- ington consists wholly of angular fragments. These m.ountains may be approached fnim several direc- tions. From Bui'lington, the traveler, after visiting the Mansfield Mountains, as already described, may proceed from Waterbury to Montpelier. This is a compact and ple-isant village, and contains some fine buildings. The State House is one of the best in the United States. Korthfield, 10 miles from Montpelier, is the next station, and contains a large depot. WHITE MOUNTAINS. 39 In Roxbury, seven miles from Northfield the road cross- es the serpentine range from which the verd antique mar- ble is obtained of excellent quality. The principal A'illages on the way to White River Junc- tion are West Randolph, Bethel, Royalton and White River village. From White River Junction, the Vt. Central Railroad continues south to Windsor, the Northern Rail- road proceeds to Boston by way of Concord and Lowell, and the Passumpsic road northward to St. Johnsbury. Proceeding northward, the traveller passes through Nor- wich, four miles from the Junction. Norwich is a pleasant village, and the seat of the Nor- wich University, which is only one mile from Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. Newbury, 36 miles from the Junction, is situated on one of the finest and most extensive meadows on the Connecti- cut. Here is a spring impregnated with sulphuretted hy- drogen which is much visited by invalids. Wells River, 4 miles further along, is the place where passengers usually cross the Connecticut and proceed by stage to the mountains. There are two lines to the White Mountains, one by the way of Littleton, 38 miles, and the other by way of Franronia Notch, (23 miles to Flume House) 49 miles. The more interesting scenery on the Franconia route moi*e than compensates for the greater distance. If the traveller wishes to take Willoughby Lake in his way, he can proceed from W^ells River to St. Johnsbury by Railroad, and thrjnce through Lyndon by stage to tli§ lake. From Willoughby Lake he can proceed by stage to Island 40 WHITE MOUNTAINS. Pond, and thence by the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Kail- road to Gorham. From Goi'ham Station to Bellows Farm the distance is 6 miles over a good carriage road, and from Bellows Farm the distance is 4J miles to the summit of Mount Washington, up which there is a good bridle path. Saddle horses and ponies trained to the ascent, and expe- rienced guides may at all times be found in waiting at the Bellows Farm. This is regarded as the most feasible route to the summit of Mount Washington, while the ascent from the other directions, particularly that of the Notch, have the advantage of carrying the traveller over several of the other most important summits. TABLES. 41 DliTASCES BETWEEN BURLINGTON AND MONTREAL, BY RAIL ROAD. B.toM. M. to B B. to M. M to B . Burlington 6 101 Swanton 9 39 8 62 Essex June. 6 6 5 95 Alburgh 8 47 6 54 Colchester 5 11 5 90 Rouse's Pt. 6 53 24 48 Hilton 5 16 5 8A St. Johns 24 77 24 24 Georgia 5 21 9 80 Montreal 24 101 St Albans 9 30 9 71 JISTA.SCES BETWEFN BCRLINGTON" AND OGDENSIiCRGH, BY RAIL ROAD. B. to 0. 0. to B.I B too. O. tOB. Burlington 53 171 Bangor 6 116 8 55 Rouse's Pt. 53 53 4 llSMoira 8 124 6 47 Champlain 4 57 8 114 Lawrence 6 130 5 41 Moores 8 65 11 106 Stockholm 5 135 11 36 Chazy 11 76 14 95 Potsdam 11 146 8 25 Summit 14 90 8 81 Mrxlrid 8 154 8 17 Chateaugay 8 98 4 73 Lisbon 8 162 9 9 Burke 4 102 8 69 Ogdensburgl 19 171 Malone 8 110 6 61 DISTANCES BETWEEN MONTREAL AND QUEBEC, BY STEAMBOAT. M. to Q. Q to M ( M to Q. Q. to M. Montreal 15 l80:St. Anne 25 115 20 65 Varennes 15 15 30 165 Rich. Rapids 20 135 15 45 Wm. Henry 30 46 38 135 Cape Loute 15 150 22 30 Pt St. Fran 38 83 7 97|('ape Rouge 22 172 8 8 Three Rivers 7 90 25 90!Quebec 8 180 Dl.STANCE S BETWEEN BURLINGTON AND BOSTON BY RAIL ROAD. By way of Rutland. B. tOB. B. to B. B. to B. B. tOB. Burlington 6 231 Mount Hollj 4 80 8 151 Shelbui'ne 6 6 4 225 Ludlow 8 88 4 143 Charlotte 4 10 8 221 Cavendish 4 92 6 139 Ferrisburgh 8 18 3 213 Chester 6 98 4 133 Vergennes 3 21 6 210 Bartonsville 4 102 10 129 New Haven 6 27 6 204 Rockingham 10 112 4 119 Middlebury 6 38 8 198 Bellows Falls 4 116 22 115 Salisbury 8 41 9 190 Keene 22 138 43 93 Brandon 9 50 8 181 Fitchburgh 43 181 50 50 Pittsford 8 58 8 173 Boston 50 231 Rutland Clarendon 8 66 6 165 The greatest elevation in the Rut- 6 72 4 159 land and Burlincton Kail oad is Cuttingsville 4 76 4 155 1415 feet at Mt . UoUj Summit. 42 TABLES. DISTASCKS BETWEEN WHITE RIVER JUNCTION AND WILLOUGHBY LAKE. By Rail Road. J. to w. w. to J J. tow. w. to J. W Riv. June. 4 85 Ryegate 5 45 6 40 Norwich 4 4 11 81 Barnet 6 51 10 34 Thetford 11 15 7 70 St. Johns*ry 10 61 6 24 Fairlee 7 22 7 03 By Stage. Bradford 7 29 7 56 Lyndon 6 67 18 18 Newbury 7 36 4 49 Willoughby 18 85 Wells River 4 40 5 45 DISTANCES BKTWEEX BURLINGTON AND MOXTREiL BY STEAMBOAT AND PLATTSBURGH RAIL ROAD. B. to M. M. to B B. tOM. M. tOB. Burlington 10 89 Hemmingford 5 53 6 36 Port Kent 10 10 9 79 Sherrington 6 59 9 30 Port Jackson 9 19 8 70 .St. Remi 9 68 6 21 Plattsburgh 8 27 5 62 Isadore 6 74 5 15 Beekmantown 5 32 5 57 Taughnawaga 5 79 2 10 W. Chazy 5 37 5 52 Lachine 2 81 8 8 Sciota 5 42 6 47 Montreal 8 89 Moores June 6 48 5 41 By Boat and Champ. 6f St. Law. Rail Road. Burlington 27 100 Rouse's Pt. 9 52 24 48 Plattsburgh 27 27 13 73 St Johns 24 76 24 24 Isle la Mott 13 40 3 0( Montreal 24 100 Chazy 3 43 9 57 DISTANCES BETWEEN BURLINGTON AND AVHITEHALL BY STEAMBOAT. B tow. W. to B I B. to W. W. tOB. Burlington 14 82 'rhimneyPt. 2 41 6 41 Essex 14 14 4 ee Bridport 6 47 9 35 Split Rock 4 18 6 64 Shoreliam 9 56 2 26 Basin Harbor 6 24 4 58 jTiconderoga 2 58 4 24 Westport 4 28 2 54 Orwell 4 62 7 20 Barbers Pt. 2 30 9 52 jBenson 7 69 13 13 Port Henry 9 39 2 43 IWhitehall 13 82 TABLES. 43 DISTANCES BKTWEEX BCRLISGTC.V ASD BOSTON BY KAIL ROAD. By way of Montpelier. B. tOB. B. to B B. to B. B. to B. Burlington 2 252 N. Hartland 6 108 4 144 "Winooski 2 2 4 'z50 Hartland 4 112 4 140 Essex 4 6 7 246 Windsor 4116 8 136 Richmond 7 13 239 Claremont 8 124 9 128 Bolton 6 19 7 233 (harlestown 9 133 4 119 AVaterbury 7 26 6 226 Bellows Falls 4 137 115 115 Middlesex G 32 6 220 Boston 115 252 Montpeliev G 38 10 214 By u-ay of Concord. Korthfield 10 48 7 204 Burlington 102 244 Roxbury 7 55" 8 197 W R June. 102 102 10 142 Braintree 8 63 6 189 Enfield 10 112 15 132 Randolph 6 69 7 1^3 Grafton 15 127 25 117 Bethel 7 76 4 176 Fran M in 15 152 19 92 N. RoyMlton 4 80 1 17z Concoixl 19 171 48 73 Royaltou 1 81 2 171 Lowell 48 219 25 25 S Royalton 2 83 5 169 Boston 25 244 Sharon 5 88 6 164 The frreatest elevHtinn n the Yt. West Hartford 6 94 8 158 Oiitral Rail Koad is 997 i cet above W Riv June . 8 102 6 150 the Oceau in R oxbury. DISTASCFS P ETWEEN BrRLIXGTO.V AND PORTLAND BY WAY OF itoN- TRUAL, BY RAIL ROAD. B. top. P to B B. to p. p. to B. Burlington 101 393 Coaticook 7 219 25 174 Montreal 101 101 12 292 Islond Pond 25 244 9 149 Boucherville 12 113 7 28<» Wen lock 9 253 6 140 St. Ililare 7 120 13 273 N. Stratford 6 259 12 134 St. Hyacinth 13 133 13-260 N'th'mbTd 12 271 19 122 Upton 13 146 6 247 Milan 19 290 12 103 Acton 6 152 8 24i Gorham 12 302 11 91 Durham 8 160 15 233 Gilead 11 313 10 80 Richmond 15 175 10 218 Bethel 10 323 30 70 "Windsor 10 1^5 14 208 Oxford SO 353 12 40 Sherbrooke 14 199 2 194 Danv. June. 12 365 17 28 Lennoxville 2 201 11 192 Yarmouth 17 382 il 11 Compton 11 212 7 181 Portland 11 393 44 ADVERTISEMENTS. K ALLEN & Co., J^asljionahU J niters, Manufiicturers and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in HATS AND CAPS Of every description, LADIES' DRESS FURS, ButRiloes, and Fancy Sleigh Robes, Fur Coats, a large vari- ety of Gentlemen's Gloves & Mittens, Trunks, Valises, Traveling B tgs, Umbrellas and Canes. North-East Corner Court House Square, BURLINGTON, VT. ADVERTISEMENTS. 45 PATENT RevolTiiig- Mfii2iiii€F Pistol • THIS PISTOL is now offered to the public with perfect confidence of its superiority over any other pocket revolver. For simplicity of construction, ease of loading and capping, security of charges and caps, rapidity of discharging, power and accuracy, together with convenience in carrying, with no liability to accidental discharge, it is far superior to any other pistol yet made, and is sold at an extremely low price, MANUFACTURED BY THE ROBBINS k LAWRENCE COMPANY, ■WINDSOR, _ _ _ _ VERMONT. BRINSMAID, BROTHER, & CO., Agents, Burlington, Vt. 46 ADVERTISEMENTS, BY B. C. WEBSTER, Good Carriages in readiness at the Depot to convey Pas- sengers to and from the House, //ee of charge. Hat, Gap & Fur Store, Hats, Gaps, Furs, Straw Goods, TRUNKS, VALISES, LADIES' BONNET CASES, TRAV- ELING BAGS, CANKS, UMBRELLAS, BUF- FALO AND FANCY SLEIGH ROBES, FUR OVER C )ATS, MUFFS, BOAS, COL- LARS, VICTOKINES, CUFFS, ihxul 36iirk &\m% %\\\n% ku Custom Work and Repairing of all kinds executed with neatness and despatch. Cash Paid for Shipping Furs. College Street, 2d door from Chui'ch. . Burlington. ADVERTISEMENTS. 47 H. H. BOSTWICM, MANUFACTURER OP Tin, Sheet Iron and Copper Ware, EAVE TROUGHS & CONDUCTORS. TIN ROOFING DONE TO ORDER. ALSO, DEALER IN [Hot Air Furnaces, Cooking Ranges, B A T H F' I X T U U K S , i^ STOVES AND STOVE FUKNEIUUE, PUMPS, LEAD PIPE, ZINi\ k<\, Ac. ISAAC DOW, Agent. f^crfURCrr srrfet, burli>gton, vt. €k. IF. BAXT13II, &. Co., IMrCRTCr.S AXD DEALtRS IX €xQt\\tr]j, China ani) 6la5S Marc, TABLE CUTLERY, PAPER HANGLNGS, ES O L A R , 3 T / N D A r D H A N O ! N .5 LAMPS, FLUID T.AMPS AND FLUID, ^ilhn pLitclJ anb Brfttnnnia m^xt, CASTOHS, SPOONS, &c. No. 1 I/oavenw^vth Muck, College St., si;JJ.y„":.J Burlington, Vt. 48 ADVERTISEMENTS. ^^imii^M ^^Mmmmh^ BY L. S. DREW, & A. PROUTY, Jr. BURT.INaTQN, - - VERMONT. I^BURLINGTON FRICTION MATCH CO. MANUFACTURERS OF Round & Square Matches^ PUT UP AS FOLLOWS : KOLTND MATCHES, In Paper and Round Wood Boxes, In 1-4 Gross Papers and 1000 Splint Boxes. ■n-HICH WILL BK SOLD AT THE E. B. EDDY, Agent. Pioneer Mechanic's Shop, . Burlington, Vt. ADVERTISEMENTS. 49 ©a 6^. w>mi® Li^'ory |^, Stable West side of THE PARK BURLINGTON, 3 doors North of AMERICAN HOTEL, Nearly in front. VERMONT. Good Horses and Convenient Carriages, Barouches, Chaise and Buggies, Ready at 5 Minutes Notice. 0= Enquire at Office of American Hotel. Mesmeric ISTerve Restorative. This compound Nervine was discovered and revealed to Dr. Stoxe by a celebrated clairvoyant, whose wonderful powers of second sight were developed and exhibited by him in London during the spring and summer of 1851. The efficacy of this newly discovered remedy in restoring to healthy action and increasing the vital energies, has been well tested and proved to a demonstration by the proprie- tor, in his treatment of NERVOUS DISEASES. during three year's practice in Europe, where hundreds can testify to astonishing and almost miraculous cures per- formed by it. In addition to the magical powers of the in- gredients, it is highly charged with Mesmeric fluid, being 50 ADVERTISEMENTS. in accordance with the directions of the Clairvoyant pow- erfully Mesmerized by Dr. StOxNE, thus combining with its medicinal virtues the aid of Mesmerism, by which alone some ofthe most Remarkable Cures have been performed ever known. It is a specific for every Neurotic Disease, and may be relied upon as a certain cure for Rheumatism, Neu- ralgia. Paralysis, Tic Doloureux, Nervous Headache, Pain in The'side or Stomach and General Nervous Debility. Let the afflicted try it. One trial will convince them that the Mesmeric J\'erve Restorative is the most valuable Remedy for the above complaints that has EVER BEEN DISCOVERED. Sold wholesale and Retail by S. B. Nichols, (who is Sole Agent for the State of Vermont, at his Bookstore, at Burlington. Price 50 cts. per Bottle. DR. STONE'S COUGH, CONSUMPTION & BRONCHITIS ELIXIR. Dr S would al?o call the attention of the public to his invaluable remedy for coughs, colds, consumption, and all bronchial affections. It will give immediate relief where the m.st severe cough exists, and in a few days cure the mo'^t troublesome cold. As a preventive and cure ot con- sumption it has never been equalled. It contains no pois- onous ingredients, and may he given to the most delicate child without fear or risk. This medicine has been tried successfully in hundieds of cases the p:ist winter, and no family should he without it. It never h is failed to benetit. The trade supplied at low rates. Directions accompanying each bottle. Price 25 cents— 5 bottle.- f».r $1. S. H. NICHOLS, General Agent, to whom all ordeis must be addressed. ADVERTISEMENTS. 51 No further need of going to New York or Boston for WM. H. ROOT & CO., successors to I. S. ALLEN, Nos. 2^3 Leavensworth Block, College Street, BURLINGTON, VT. §mtxi Jfmitititre Store, Constantly on hand a splendid assortment of Furniture, Mattresses, Beds, Upholstery, &c., &c., of quality and style not excelled in the cities, viz : Black Walnut and Mahogany Parlor Furniture, consisting of French SofaSy Easxj Chairs and French Chairs covered in Plush, Dam- ask, Brocatelle or Hair Cloth to suit the purchaser. FRENCH STYLE, CENTRE AND SIDE TABLES, with and without marble tops, GILT AND OTHER FRAME LOOKING GLASSES, Rich and Common Curtain Materials, And every article needed to Furnish Parlors in the most Fashionable Styles, also, LOW PRICED FURNITURE, Of all kinds ; Drawing and Sitting Room Furniture of every desirable style. Also manufacturers of the celebrated SPIRAL SPRING BEDS, Fitted to any sized Bedstead. They are recommended for their durability and cheapness, besides being more com- 4 52 ADVERTISEMENTS. fortable than any other bed extant, fitting the body in any posture the person may choose. Hotels and Steamboats furnished at the shortest notice, and on the most reasonable terms. i^Persons in want of Furniture will do well to call before purchasing. WM. H. ROOT & CO. BURLINGTON BOOT & SHOE STORE, M. L. CHURCH, Proprietor. . H. TRACY, Agent. Constantly on hand a large and well selected assortment of BOOTS SHOES AND RUBBERS, Made by the best Manufacturers in New England EXPRESSLY FOR THIS MARKET. For sale at Wholesale and Retail, at very low prices 53" (2i 5:a csi ^s^ ^ J3a a C. F. STA^IFOUD, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN CARPETING, Matting, Rugs, Counterpanes, Drapery Muslin, Embroideries, Hosiery, Gloves, Ribbons, Silks, &c. Comprising a full stock of Ladies' and Gentlemen's Fur- nishing and Housekeeping Dry Goods. 156 Churh St. Burlington, Vt. ADVERTISEMENTS. 53 BRINSMAID BROTHER & CO. BURLINGTON, - - - VERMONT. DEALER IN Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, PLATED WARE. Of all kinds Fancy Articles and DAGUERREOTYPE GOODS. Manufacturers of Gold Pins, Rings, Badges, Beads, Silver Spoons, Porks, Knives, Cups, &c., All of which will be wan-anted such as represented. We have a arge and splendid assortment of the above, and all goods in our line, which will be sold at such prices and quantities as to suit customers. WATCHES, CLOCKS AND JEWELRY cleaned and repaired by experienced workmen. BRINSMAID BROTHER & CO. Church Street, Burlington, Vt. R. M. GUILFOED, (Successor to James A, Walker,) DEALER IN Ladies, Gents, Boys, Youths, Misses, AND CHILDREN'S No. 3 Bank Block, [B{10[BiLflEl®ir®E]^ WIT^ GEO. W. ALLEN, Agent. All work warranted. 54 ADVERTISEMENTS. SLOMAN & TURK'S WHOLESALE AND RETAIL Clothing Warehouse, No. 2 Bank Block, two doors west of Commercial Bank, Constantly on hand a large and fashiqjial )le stock of i urn Mil CLO AND Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods, WIIICII WILL BE SOLD AT THE LOWEST CASH PRICES. BOYS CLOTHING IN GREAT VAEIETY. 60i BOWERY, N. Y., MAIN STREET, Norwalk, Conn. Wholesale & Retail Dealer in STAPLE AND FANCY DRY GOODS AND GROCERIES— ALSO, Carpeting^Oil Cloth, Matting, PAPER HANGINGS, &c. 156 Church st., - - Burlington, Vt. ADVERTISEMENTS. 55 SAMUEL B. NICHOLS, WHOLESALE PAGED BLANK BOOK MANUFACTORY, Jobber and Retail Dealer in SCHOOL, CLASSICAL, AND MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS. English, French and American Stationery, No I, Peck's Block, Court House Square, BURLINGTON, - - VERMONT. Writing Paper of every grade, SIZE AND PRICE. Cap, and Letter Paper, plain or ^'^J^'^'Jf^^^^J^'^l *' l^o ream. Commercial Note, blue and white, from ^1,1-f^ to $2,00, with a large stock of BATH GILT, ENVELOPE AND NOTE PAPERS at mill prices A large assortment of "/^^r'^w'-.^^nw' Rope and ManiHa Wrapping papers. Low s J^iW^jg. all sizes at mill prices ; the following now 0}^^^^^ JO m 15 20, 25 lbs. Straw Paper, a good article, assorted sizes at 37.^, 50, 62^, 75, 1.00 and 1.25. STATIONERY, a large assortment at low prices, Premium Paged Blank Books, a large stock of all sizes, qualities and prices. My Books received the first premium at the State t air m Sep- 56 ADVERTISEMENTS. tember, and are warranted stronger and better made than city work. Demy Books at 62^ to $2,00, Cap Full Bound Books at 25, 30, 37^ and 50 cents a quire, Cap Half Bound Books at 12^, 15, 18 and 25 cents a quire. Also a large assortment of Diaries, Writing books. Pass Books, &c. A very heavy stock of SCHOOL BOOKS, adapted to Schools in this section, which will be sold at wholesale for Cash, at city prices. Of MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS. I have a large Stock, and many of them I can sell at about one-half the usual prices. New Books received as soon as published. I continue to bind Magazines, Music, &c., &c., in every style of Binding. Particular attention paid to Gilding and Ornamental Work. I have the best of Work- men, Stock and Tools, and prices are low. ARTISTS MATERIALS, Consisting of Oil Colors in Tubes. The best of colors in a dry state for Monochromatic, Polychromatic Drawing and Wax Flowers. Colored Crayons in round and flat boxes — Black and White Crayons, Crayon Holders, Blenders, Pallets and Pallet Knives. Canvas, Bristol Board, Crayon Board, &c., &c. Damon's, Wood's, Whipple's and other Marble Board. I c I ^ nn I d^N't w ■% &% mmm% Book Seller, Stationer, and Book Binder, Court House Square, opposite American Tlotel, BURLINGTON, VT. KEEPS CONSTANTLY ON HAND A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF AT THE LOWEST RATES. All of the New Publications received as soon as published — Magazines, Cheap Publications, &c. &c. i LIBRARY OF CONGRESS