Pass b-^ 151 
 Book ■ H 1 i^ 
 
/. 
 
 
 Biographical Sketches 
 
 OF 
 
 Distinguished Officers 
 
 ARMY AND NAVY. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 L.' R. HAMERSLY. 
 1905. 
 
By Tnnatari 
 
 3fJI'06 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 TT has been the purpose of the publisher in issuing 
 ^ the present volume to present in an appropriately 
 attractive form a record, accompanied by portraits, of 
 the more important events in the lives of a few of the 
 men in the Army and Navy of the United States who 
 have contributed largely to the history of the country 
 in the last half century. While some of the persons 
 whose names are embraced in the volume did not rise 
 to their highest distinction in the military service, that 
 distinction has been largely due to the training there 
 received, and they have ever shown their affection and 
 interest in the service by using their influence and 
 means when the occasion arose in support of the flag. 
 Notably conspicuous among such names are those of 
 B. F. Stevens, of Boston, Col. John Jccob Astor, of 
 New York, and Howard A. Stevenson, of Philadelphia. 
 To the older officers of the service it will certainly be 
 a pleasure to see in this volume the faces of such heroes 
 as Stevens, Lee, Rodgers, Jouett, and many others 
 whose gallantry and devotion to duty have made their 
 names household words throughout the land. 
 
THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 
 PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
THEODORE ROOSEVELT, 
 
 President of the United States. 
 
 Was born in New York Cit_v, Oct. 27, 1S5S, the son 
 of Theodore Roosevelt, merchant and philanthropist. 
 He was graduated from Harvard University- in iSSo, 
 and after a visit to Europe, he began the stud}- of law^ 
 in the office of his uncle, Robert B. Roosevelt ; he soon 
 entered politics, and was elected to^ the Assembly at 
 Alban}', in which he served three terms. In the 
 third legislature to which he was chosen the Repub- 
 licans had a majorit}-, and he was candidate for the 
 speakership. He was regarded as rather too inde- 
 pendent, however, and did not get the position. In 
 the Rep'ciblican Convention of 1SS4, Mr. Roosevelt 
 favored the nomination of Senator Edmunds for the 
 Presidency, but when Blaine obtained the nomination 
 he entered actively into the campaign for the nomi- 
 nee of his party. In the same year he purchased a 
 ranch in the Northwest, and for several years he 
 studied the remote West thoroughly, giving the bene- 
 fit of his knowledge to the world in two books, " Ranch 
 Life and the Hunting Trail " and " The Winning of 
 the West." In 18S6, the Republicans nominated 
 Mr. Roosevelt for IVIayor of New York, being opposed 
 by Henry George, the single tax champion, and 
 Abram S. Hewitt, the regular Democratic nominee. 
 Mr. Roosevelt made a vigorous fight, but Abram S. 
 Hewitt, the Democratic candidate, was successful. 
 Mr. Roosevelt therefore remained in private life, but 
 continued to take an active interest in jDublic affairs, 
 
and especially in reform of the civil service. He ad- 
 vocated the deliverance of the Federal service, and 
 also that of State and City, from the "spoils system." 
 In this Mr. Roosevelt met with much opposition, but 
 President Harrison appointed him in 1S99 to the im- 
 portant place of United States Civil Service Com- 
 missioner, in which position he did his duty earnestly, 
 irrespective of whom he pleased or displeased. 
 When a Republican Mayor, William L. Strong, was 
 elected Mayor of New York, the latter requested Mr. 
 Roosevelt to become the head of the Police Board. 
 He accepted the charge, and proceeded vigorously to 
 compel his subordinates to do their duty and enforce 
 the laws. He took the position that laws, while on 
 the statiite books, ought to be made effective, and that 
 the executive authority had no right to repudiate a 
 law simply because it was unpopular. April 6, 1897, 
 IVIr. Roosevelt gave up his place in the Police Depart- 
 ment to become Assistant Secretary of the Navy. 
 Here he worked with his usual energ}-, and to admir- 
 able effect, in putting the navy in excellent condition 
 for the war with Spain which followed the blowing 
 up of the ]Maine ; much, if not most, of the prepara- 
 tor}' work which helped to make the American fleet 
 invincible at Manila and Santiago is credited to j\Ir. 
 Roosevelt, and he selected George Dewey for the com- 
 mand of the Asiatic Squadron. He, however, chafed 
 in Washington ; when war was declared he accordingly 
 tendered his resignation as Assistant Secretary ; with 
 President McKinley's intimate friend, Dr. Leonard 
 Wood, an army surgeon, he organized the bodj- of 
 men known as the " Rough Riders," gathering re- 
 cruits for the regiment from among his friends of the 
 
ranches and the Western cowboys. Surgeon Wood, 
 on account of his superior tactical knowledge, took 
 command of the regiment, with Mr. Roosevelt second 
 in command. He participated with his regiment in 
 the fighting in front of Santiago, and displayed con- 
 spicuous bravery in leading his troops. At the close 
 of the war he returned with his regiment to Montauk 
 Point, where he was mustered out of the service. In 
 the following year he was nominated for and elected 
 to the office of Governor of New York. He proved a 
 sagacious and conservative Governor, acting in every- 
 thing with deliberation and discretion. Mr. Roose- 
 velt aspired to a second term as Governor, but was in 
 duced to permit the use of his name for the\'ice-Presi- 
 dencyinthe Republican National Convention of 1900. 
 As Vice-President, Mr. Roosevelt continued to merit 
 the esteem and confidence of the American people. 
 His conduct during the last days of President McKin- 
 lev showed that he keenly shared the nation's grief 
 over the assassination. From the moment that Presi- 
 dent Roosevelt was apprised of the fact that his great 
 predecessor had departed this world, his conduct has 
 been such as to win more and more for him the good- 
 will and esteem of the American people, as shown by 
 his election to the Presidency in November, 1904, for 
 the term beginning March 4, 1905, by a tremendous 
 popular vote, he having a majority of 2,542,062 over 
 Parker, and a plurality of 1,7^0,966 overall the can- 
 didates, while his majorit}' of the electoral vote was 
 196 over Parker. 
 
Lieutenant General ADNA R. CHAFFEE, 
 Uiiited States Army. 
 
 Was born in Ohio in 1S42, and entered the ser- 
 vice of his country as a private of the Sixth Regular 
 Cavalry, soon after the outbreak of the Civil War, at 
 the age of nineteen, and has been conspicuous in her 
 service ever since. Before the end of the first year of 
 the war he was made a sergeant, and served in a num- 
 ber of n:inor actions, as well as in the battle of Frede- 
 ricksburg, and also took part in Stoneman's raid in 
 1S63, when he was appointed a second lieutenant of the 
 Sixth Ca\alrv. He was twice severely wounded, was 
 present at the battle of Gettj'sburg and at most of the 
 important actions of Sheridan's raid and the afTairs 
 which led up to Appomattox, and received two brevets 
 during that war. Just before the end of the Civil 
 War he was promoted to first lieutenant and two 
 years later to captain. 
 
 After the Civil War his life was still in the field, 
 being brevetted for gallantrv for an engagement with 
 Comanche Indians in 186S, and serving in the Miles 
 campaign against Cheyenne Indians in 1S74-75, in the 
 campaign against White IMountain Indians in 1S81, 
 and in an engagement with White Mountain Indians 
 in 18S2 (where he was commended in department 
 orders and again brevetted), and finally in Crook's 
 campaign into Mexico in 1883. In 18S8 he was pro- 
 moted to major and in 1S97 to lieutenant colonel. 
 
 He has served in all the grades of rank, even in 
 the staff positions of regimental adjutant and quarter- 
 
LIEUTENANT GENERAL ADNA R. CHAFFEE. 
 UNITED STATES ARMY. 
 
master, and has risen from tlie lowest to the highest, 
 always efficient in everj^ position he has occnpied, and 
 winning the confidence and praise of his superiors. 
 
 At the outbreak of the Spanish War he was ap- 
 pointed a brigadier general of volunteers, and in July, 
 1S9S a major general of volunteers. His work at 
 Santiago again won him glorious tributes from all 
 sides, especialh' from the army. 
 
 After the close of the Spanish War, General 
 ChafTee was promoted to colonel in the regular armv. 
 Meanwhile he had been again brigadier general of 
 volunteers, but was promoted to major general of vol- 
 unteers in 1900 and placed in command of the China 
 expedition for the relief of the ministers in Peking, 
 where he did excellent service. For the next two 
 years he was in the Philippines, accomplishing to the 
 satisfaction of the Administration, the War Depart- 
 ment and the Arm}- all that was required of him, 
 with honor and credit. 
 
 He was appointed a brigadier general in the regu- 
 lar service and later a major general and is now Chief 
 of Staff of the U. S. Army, with Headquarters at 
 Washington. 
 
lO 
 
 Rear Admiral ALBERT S. BARKER, 
 
 Uyiited States Navy. 
 
 Was born iu j\Iassachusetts. Appointed from 
 that State, October 25, 1859; at Naval Academy, 
 1859-61 ; in steam frigate Mississippi, West Gulf 
 Blockading Squadron, 1861-63; bombardment and 
 passage of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, Chalmette 
 batteries, and capture of New Orleans, 1862; in attack 
 on and attempted passage of Port Hudson, March 14, 
 1863, where the Mississippi was destroyed, after 
 which he joined the steam sloop Monongahela, and 
 took part in the siege of Port Hudson, in the fight 
 below Donaldsonville and guerrilla fighting generally, 
 until the river was clear. Promoted to ensign, Feb- 
 ruary 22, 1862; detached from Monongahela, August 
 9, 1863, and ordered home in the Brookhm; detached 
 August 26, )863; steam frigate Niagara, special ser- 
 vice, September 29, 1863, to February 22, 1S64. 
 Commissioned as lieutenant, February 22, 1864; flag- 
 ship Lancaster, Ma}' i, 1864; as flag lieutenant; 
 transferred to flagship Powhatan, Jul}-, 1866, while 
 Lancaster was being repaired; witnessed the bombard- 
 ment of the batteries at Callao by the Spanish fleet 
 under Admiral Nunez. Commissioned as lieutenant 
 commander, July 25, 1866; returned home in Lan- 
 caster; detached, March 18, 1867; flagship Guerriere 
 and Quinnebaug, S. A. Station, May 21, 1S67, to 
 Jul}', 1869; monitor Terror, November 25, 1869, 
 to November 26, 1870; Wachusett, European Station, 
 to June I, 187 1, to June 25, 1873; Torpedo Station, 
 
REAR ADMIRAL ALBERT S. BARKER 
 UNITED STATES NAVY 
 
13 
 
 September i, 1S73, to Jul}- 13, 1S74; while tliere 
 fired shells with dynamite from 24-pound howitzers, 
 using the ordinary powder cartridge, being the first 
 one to fire d_vnaniite in shells on this continent, as far 
 as known; temporar}' duty as executive of Intrepid, 
 July 13, 1S74, to September 15, 1874; Naval Acad- 
 enu', September 15, 1874, to February 20, 1876, 
 when was ordered to command the Palos, Asiatic 
 Station; remained on her one year, when received 
 orders to return home for examination for promotion, 
 but was detained at Yokohama, Japan, to take com- 
 mand of the U. S. S. Alert, and while in that vessel 
 cruised among the islands in the vicinit}' of New 
 Guinea and Dampier Straits, in search of a sripposed 
 shipwrecked crew; skirted and examined man}' islands, 
 found the object of search and returned to China via 
 Amboj-na, Ternate and the Philippine Islands; 
 reached home, October, 1S77. Commissioned as com- 
 mander, March 28, 1877; Torpedo Station, summer of 
 187S ; lighthouse inspector Eighth District, November, 
 1878, to January i, 1881 ; commanding monitor Mon- 
 tauk, Juh' 24, 1882, to December 3, 1882, when was 
 ordered to command the Enterprise. While on this 
 vessel ran a line of deep-sea soundings around the 
 world, the casts being taken at intervals of about 100 
 miles. The line between New Zealand and Magellan 
 Straits was made between latitude 47 deg. and 50 deg. 
 south. On the way out, visited South Africa, IMada- 
 gascar, Zanzibar, Comoro, and the Seychille Islands ; 
 reached the Straits of Sunda six days after the great 
 eruption of Krakatoa, when the accompan3'ing tidal 
 wave swejDt into the sea the large town of Anjer and 
 all other settlements in the vicinity; rendered such 
 
assistance to the Dutch authorities as was possible; 
 was present at Pagoda Anchorage, Min River, China, 
 when the French fleet under Vice-Adniiral Courbet 
 sunk the Chinese men-of-war, destroyed the arsenal, 
 and demolished the forts on each side of the river, 
 1885; returned home by \va_v of Australia and New 
 Zealand; detached from Enterprise, April i, 1SS6 ; 
 lighthouse inspector, Second District, October i, 1886^ 
 to November 15, 18S9 ; Bureau Navigation, January 
 I, 1890. Commanded U. S. S. Philadelphia July 6, 
 1892, to August, 1894, Captain Navy Yard, Mare 
 Island, Februar}- 11, 1895, to March, 1897; command 
 U. S. S. Oregon, March 20, 1897, to January 17, 1898 ; 
 special duty. Navy Department, February to May 20, 
 1898; member of Army and Navy Board and War 
 Board ; commanded protected cruiser Newark from 
 May 21 to August 6, 1898; was present oflf Santiago 
 de Cuba Julv i and 2, participating in the bombard- 
 ment on the latter date ; commanded the Oregon from 
 August 6, 1898, to May 29, 1899; commanded Special 
 Service Squadron for the Pacific, consisting of battle- 
 ships Oregon and Iowa, supply steamer Celtic, distill- 
 ing steamer Iris, colliers Scinda, Cassius, Aberenda, 
 Sterling and Justin ; sc^uadron separated off the Gala- 
 pagos Islands, the Oregon and Iris continuing on to 
 Manila. Commander-in-chief of Asiatic Station from 
 May 20 to June 20, 1899, relieving Admiral Dewey and 
 making the Baltimore the flagship after the 29th of 
 May; assisted army in driving insurgents from the dis- 
 trict between Manila and Cavite, the chief resistance 
 being at Zapote River ; upon arrival of Admiral Wat 
 son, June 20, was detached. Promoted to Rear-Admiral 
 October 10, 1899 ; commandant Navy Yard and 
 
15 
 
 Station, Norfolk, from October 5, 1S99, to July 16, 
 1900 ; commandant Nav_v Yard and Station, New 
 York, from July 17, 1900, to April, 1903; command- 
 ing the North Atlantic Fleet from April, 1903, to date 
 of his retirement in March, 1905. 
 
i6 
 
 JOHN JACOB ASTOR- 
 
 CoUmdin the Spanish- American War and capitalist. 
 
 Was bom at the family estate of Femcliff, 
 RMnebeck, X. Y., on Jtilj- 13, 1864. He is the son 
 of William Astor, grandson of William B. Astor, and 
 great-grandson of John Jacob Astor, the fonnder of 
 the Astor family in America, and is the inheritor 
 of his father's great estate. He received his edncation 
 at St. Paul's School, Concord, X. H.. and at Harvard 
 Universitv. He snbsequentU- followed the example of 
 his father in making an extended European tour, and 
 on his return to the U. S., travelled extensiveU- in 
 Cuba and ^lexico and made several expeditions to the 
 Rockv Mountain regfion, following the line of the 
 Xorthem Pacific R. R. On his return to Xew York 
 he became concerned in the management of the exten- 
 sive Astor estate, which includes a vast and highly- 
 valuable amount of real estate in Xew York City, 
 the Astors being the leading propert3- holders in the 
 American metropolis. Colonel Astor 's inherited share 
 in this estate is a very large one, and his time, when 
 not engaged in other duties, is fully occupied in the 
 care of it. He is also a director in man^- banks and 
 trust companies, his duties in connection with which 
 abs-jrb much of his time. 
 
 The military career of Colonel Astor began in 
 1895, when he was appointed, with the rank of 
 colonel, on the staflt of Governor Morton. On the 
 outbreak of the war with Spain, he manifested his 
 patriotic spirit b\- presenting a complete and fully 
 
JOHN JACOB ASTOR 
 
 COLONEL IN SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR AND CAPITALIST. 
 
19 
 
 equipped and manned battery of artillery to the 
 national government. Shortly after the beginning 
 of the war, on May 9, 1S98, he was commissioned 
 Inspector General, with the rank of Lt. Col. U. S. A., 
 and with orders to report to Major General J. C. 
 Breckenridge and to accompany him on an inspection 
 of the camps of Chickamauga Park, Huntsville, 
 Tampa, Key West, and other localities. Subsequently 
 he was detached and ordered to report to Major Gen- 
 eral W. R. Shafter, at Tampa, Fla., for duty on his 
 staflt and to accompany the army of invasion in Cuba. 
 After the landing of the Army in Cuba, he took part 
 in the operations of the Fifth Ami}' Corps, being 
 actively engaged with it in the stirring events of the 
 battle, siege and surrender of Santiago de Cuba. 
 After the surrender of the Spanish forces, he was 
 chosen by Major General Shafter, commanding the 
 Army of Invasion, to deliver the official terms of 
 capitulation to the Secretary of War, and proceeded 
 to Washington in the performance of this duty. He 
 received his discharge from the army in September, 
 1S98, and was recommended by General Shafter, in 
 his report to the Secretary of War, to be brevetted 
 Colonel for "faithful and meritorious services." 
 
 Since the close of the war Colonel Astor has re- 
 sided in New York, engaged in the business duties 
 above mentioned, among which should be included 
 the erection in 1897 o^ the Astoria Hotel. This 
 splendid structure immediately adjoins the large 
 Waldorf Hotel, previously built b}^ his cousin, 
 William Waldorf Astor, the two hotels having since 
 been under one management and constituting the 
 Waldorf-Astoria, one of the largest and costliest 
 
20 
 
 hotels in the world, and in great nieasnre the centre 
 of hotel life in New York. More recently Colonel 
 Astor has bnilt, at great cost, another fine hotel, the 
 St. Regis, opened to the pnblic in 1904. 
 
 Colonel Astor's time is by no means all taken 
 up by business and social duties. His mind tiirns 
 strongly to invention, and his ability in this direction 
 is testified to by a number of useful devices upon 
 which patents have been issued to him, one of these, 
 a pneumatic machine to remove wornout material 
 from roads before new stone is laid down, was exhib- 
 ited by him in 1S93 at the Chicago World's Fair, and 
 was awarded a first prize. It acts by means of an air- 
 blast, which blows off the pulverized stone after it 
 has been crushed. It is a device that is likely to 
 prove of great utilit}' in the macadamizing of country 
 roads, and has been highly commended by the Scien- 
 tific American. Another invention, decidedly more 
 ambitious in character, but certainly of doubtful 
 utility, is one designed to induce rain. Its purpose 
 is to move large volumes of surface air by a suitable 
 mechanical device, and convey it to the upper atmos- 
 phere through a conduit. The idea underlying the 
 device is, that by moving a volume of warm moist 
 air to the colder upper regions and preventing its 
 mingling with the atmosphere while ascending it will 
 discharge its moisture as rain. The practical appli- 
 cation of this idea has not yet been realized. Colonel 
 Astor having contented himself with proposing the 
 theory instead of constructing the mechanical means for 
 its utilization. Whether it will be effective can only be 
 told b}' a practical demonstration, and the diflSculty and 
 costliness of that would doubtless prove very great. 
 
21 
 
 An invention which seems far more likely to be 
 of utility is that of a practical turbine engine. On 
 this he has taken out American and foreign patents, 
 but with creditable generosity has presented the en- 
 tire device to the public. In addition to his me- 
 chanical inventions, Colonel Astor has entered the 
 field of authorship, and has shown a marked literary 
 ability in his book entitled " A Journey in Other 
 Worlds, a romance of the Future." The story is an 
 ideal conception of the inhabitants of the planets 
 Jupiter and Saturn, and is a curious and interesting 
 piece of fiction, with a plot handled in a very original 
 manner. 
 
 As may be perceived from the above statement, 
 Colonel Astor's time has been somewhat activel}' and 
 usefully employed. Aside from his business, literary 
 and mechanical labors, he has long been an ardent 
 lover of sports and outdoor recreation and is an active 
 member of many country clubs. He is especially 
 interested in automobiling, in which he takes a great 
 delight; being very expert in driving his cars, through 
 his thorough and practical knowledge of their me- 
 chanism and construction. Cruising on his large 
 steam yacht Nourmahal is another form of outdoor 
 enjoyment of which he is ver}- fond. 
 
 In 1 89 1 Colonel Astor married Miss Ava L. 
 Willing, of Philadelphia, a descendant of a prominent 
 Pennsylvania famih', whose ancestors came to Amer- 
 ica with William Penn, and who still hold much of 
 the original family property. This marriage united 
 two of the leading Knickerbocker and Quaker family 
 stocks. There are two children, a son, William 
 Vincent Astor, born 1892, and a daughter. 
 
22 
 
 His club membership, above spoken of, includes 
 the Metropolitan, Union, Knickerbocker, Brook, 
 New York Yacht, Riding, Racquet and Tennis, 
 Country and Tuxedo Clubs, the Society of Colonial 
 Wars, etc. His city residence is at No. S40 Fifth 
 Avenue, New York ; his country home at his birth- 
 place of Ferncliff, Rhinebeck, N. Y. His business 
 office, occupied by his secretary, is at No. 23 West 
 26th Street, New York. 
 
REAR ADMIRAL THOMAS HOLDUP STEVENS. 
 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
25 
 
 Rear Admiral THOMAS HOLDUP STEVENS. 
 
 United Stales Navy. 
 
 Was born in Connecticut, son of Commodore 
 Thomas Holdup Stevens. Appointed midshipman 
 from Connecticut in 1S36, and in 1849 became a lieu- 
 tenant ; was ordered to the command of the Ottawa 
 early in 1S62. In this vessel took part in the action 
 of the squadron at Port Royal, capture of Forts Walpu 
 and Beauregard, battle of Port Royal Ferr}', and the 
 different engagements with Tatnall's fleet. For 
 man}' months after was commander of the Ottawa in 
 the waters of Florida. Received commission as com- 
 mander in July, 1862, and commanded the Maratanza 
 during the battle of Malvern Hill. In command of 
 ]\Ionitor for a short time; next commanded Sonoma 
 in the West India Squadron and captured several 
 blockade runners. In command of the monitor Pa- 
 tapsco, and on September 8, 1863, commanded the 
 boat assault on Fort Sumter. Next commanded the 
 Oneida, and in August, 1864, took command of the 
 Winnebago, in which he took part in the battle of 
 Mobile Ba}^ and the capture of the Tennessee and her 
 consorts. Resumed command of the Oneida and re- 
 mained in command of the Texas division of the 
 West Gulf Blockading Squadron, participating in the 
 final operations of the war, and returned north in the 
 Oneida in August, 1865. Received stirring testi- 
 monials in regard to his conduct from every superior 
 officer under whom he served, including Rear Ad- 
 mirals Dupont, Wilkes, John Rodgers, Dahlgren, 
 
26 
 
 Rowan, Farragut and Le Roy. Commanded frigate 
 Guerriere after the war, then the Xav\- Yard at 
 Norfolk, and then the Pacific Squadron. Retired 
 Ma}- 21, i8Sr. Died May 15, 1S96. 
 
COMMODORE THOMAS HOLDUP STEVENS. 
 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
29 
 
 Commodore THO^IAS HOLDUP STEVENS. 
 
 United Slates Navy. 
 
 Was born in Cliarleston, S. C, Febniarv 22, 1795. 
 Lost parents, whose name was Holdup, in early life, 
 and was adopted by a citizen of Charleston who pro- 
 cured for him a midshipman's warrant in 1S09. \'ol- 
 unteered for service on the Lakes in the beginning of 
 the war of 1S12, and was assigned to duty under 
 Capt. Samuel Angus on the Niagara frontier. Was 
 one of the leaders that captured the enemy's artillery 
 in anight attack opposite Black Rock, Morgan's Run. 
 Was one of a scaling party that dislodged the British 
 grenadiers by burning their barracks at Fort Erie, 
 and although wounded in the right hand, remained 
 after the naval force had retreated, and with two other 
 midshipmen and five seamen spiked the enemy's guns 
 and recrossed Niagara River at a great risk in a 
 leaky canoe ; was made lieutenant for his bravery in 
 this action on Jul}' 24, 18 13. Commanded the sloop 
 Trippe in the battle of Lake Erie and fought 
 against the rear of the enemy's line, passing ahead of 
 the Tigress and Porcupine and firing at the Queen 
 Charlotte until she struck her colors, and, with 
 Stephen Champlin, chasing and bringing back two 
 of the enemy's vessels when they tried to escape. 
 For these achievements was given a silver medal by 
 Congress, and the citizens of Charleston presented 
 him with a sword. In 1S14 was ordered to command 
 the frigate Java on a cruise to the Mediterranean. In 
 1S15 changed his name to Stevens, which was that 
 
30 
 
 of his earU' benefactor. In 1S19-20 attached to the 
 frig-ate Constellation. Performed valuable service 
 in supressing piracy in the West Indies. Promoted 
 to master commandant March 3, 1825. -^^^ ^^^^ com- 
 mand was the Ontario sloop of the Mediterranean 
 squadron in 1S30-32. Was made captain, at that 
 time the highest rank in the service, on January' 27, 
 1S36. In command of the station and nav}- 3'ard at 
 Washington until his sudden death on Januarj- 22, 
 1841. 
 
REAR ADMIRAL C. R. P. RODGERS. 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
J J 
 
 Rear Admiral C. R. P. RODGERS. 
 
 United States N'avy. 
 
 Was born November 14, 1S19, in Brooklyn, N.Y. 
 Was appointed midshipman from Connecticut Octo- 
 ber 5, 1S33. Attached to frigate Brandywine and 
 sloop Vincennes, Pacific Station, 1S34-36. Navy 
 _yard. New York, 1S37. Sloop Fairfield and brig Dol- 
 phin, Brazil Squadron, 1S37-39. Promoted to passed 
 midshipman July 8, 1839. Schooner Flirt, coast of 
 Florida, 1839-40, and in command of schooner 
 Phcenix, 1841-42, being actively- employed in the 
 Seminole War during those three years. Sloop 
 Saratoga, coast of the United States, 1842-43. Com- 
 mi.ssioned as lieutenant September 4, 1844. Served 
 in Mediterranean Squadron in frigate Cumberland, 
 1843-45, and in store ship Lexington, 1845. Coast 
 survey, 1846. Frigate Potomac and sloop Albany, 
 blockading Mexican coast, 1847. Present and in the 
 trenches at the reduction of Vera Cruz, and at the 
 capture of Tuspan and Tabasco. Coast survey, 
 1848-49. Frigate Congress, Brazil Squadron, 1850-51. 
 Frigate Constitution, coast of Africa, 1S52-55. Coast 
 survey, commanding steamer Bibb and schooner 
 Gallatin, 1856-57. Steam frigate Wabash, of the 
 Mediterranean Squadron, 1858-59. Commandant of 
 midshipmen at Naval Academy, 1860-61. Com- 
 missioned commander October 15, 1861. Served in 
 frigate Wabash, as captain, 1S61-63. Was in com- 
 mand of the Wabash at the battle of Port Royal, 
 November, i86r. Commanded steam sloop Iroquois, 
 
34 
 
 1863-65, on special service. Commissioned captain 
 Jul}' 25, 1866 ; at the navy yard at Norfolk, 1865-67. 
 In command of Franklin, Mediterranean Squadron, 
 1868-70. Special service in Europe, 187 1. Chief of 
 bureau of vards and docks, 1871-74. Commissioned 
 rear admiral June 14, 1S74. Superintendent at the 
 Naval Academy, 1874-78. In command of the Pacific 
 Squadron, 1878-80. Superintendent Naval Academy, 
 1881. Retired in 1881. Died in 1892. 
 
REAR ADMIRAL JAMES E. JOUETT. 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
Rear Admiral JAMES E. JUUETT. 
 United States Navy. 
 
 Was born in Kentncky, Febrnary 27, 1S2S. Ap- 
 pointed from Kentucky September 10, 1841. Com- 
 missioned passed midshipman August 10, i''^47 ; 
 master, September 14, i«'^55 ; lieutenant, Septem- 
 ber 15, i8s5 ; lieutenant commander, July 16, 1S62 ; 
 commander, [uh- 25, 1S66; captain, January 6, 1S74; 
 commodore, January 11, 1S83 ; rear admiral, Feb- 
 ruary 19, 1SS6. Rear Admiral Jouett entered the 
 navy of the United States as a midshipman Septem- 
 ber 10, 1841, and passed through the successive grades 
 of the service to the outbreak of the late war, when, 
 on the night of November 17, 1S61, holding then the 
 position of a lieutenant in the United States Navy, 
 and serving on board the United States frigate Santee ; 
 made himself conspicuous for gallantry in conducting 
 a hazardous boat expedition against the Confederate 
 vessel of war Royal Yacht, off Galveston, Texas, and 
 in capturing and destroying said vessel, in which 
 eticounter he received a severe pike wound in the arm 
 and side, and for which hazardous and important 
 service he was recommended by his immediate com- 
 manding officer. Captain Henry Eagle, for a command 
 suitable to his rank ; he was complimented in general 
 orders by Flag (Jfficer William W. IMcKean, com- 
 manding the squadron, and ordered b\- the secretary 
 of the nav}-, who officially expressed the department's 
 appreciation of his "daring and successful exploit," 
 to proceed to Washington, so that he might " be given 
 
38 
 
 a command worthy of his gallantry." Later, when 
 commanding the United States gunboat Metacomet 
 in the fight in Mobile Ba^-, August 5, 1864, he 
 promptl}- pursued and captured the Confederate war 
 steamer Selma after a desperate conflict, and also 
 rendered other gallant service during that fight, for 
 which he was commended to the secretary of the na\y 
 b\- Admiral Da\-id G. Farragut, commander-in-chief, 
 who reported that " Lieutenant Commander Jouett's 
 promptness and coolness throughout the fight merited 
 high praise, received his warmest commendation, and 
 was worth}- of his reputation." For the gallantrj'^ dis- 
 played on that occasion Commander James E. Jouett 
 was recommended by a board of olHcers. of which 
 Admiral Farragut was president, appointed in 1S65, 
 " to consider the claims of oflacers of the navy for 
 advancement for heroic conduct in battle," to be pro- 
 moted thirty numbers ; but for some reasons the 
 advancement was never made. Lieutenant Jouett 
 subsequently commanded the Montgomery- and R. R. 
 Cu3-ler, and \\as actively engaged in blockade dut\-. 
 His next command was the side wheel wooden steamer 
 Metacomet, which participated in the fight in Mobile 
 Ba\-. and was lashed to the side of Rear Admiral 
 Farragut's flagship, the Hartford, and passed the 
 forts with her. It was in this fight, August 5, 1864, 
 that Captain (then lieutenant commander) Jouett was 
 again eminent and conspicuous in battle. Rear 
 Admiral Farragut says in his report: "Finding m}-- 
 self raked bv the rebel gunboats, I ordered the Meta- 
 comet to cast off and go in pursuit of them, one of 
 which, the Selma, she succeeded in capturing. Captain 
 Jouett was after her in a moment, and in an hour's 
 
39 
 
 time he had her as his prize Lieutenant 
 
 Commander Jouett's conduct during the whole affair 
 commands mv warmest commendation. Tlie Morean 
 and Gaines succeeded in escaping under the pro- 
 tection of the guns of Fort Morgan, which would have 
 been prevented had the other gunboats been as prompt 
 in their movements as the Aletacomet." Again he 
 reports : " Our little consort, the Metacomet, was 
 under mv immediate eye during the whole of the 
 action up to the moment I ordered her to cast off in 
 pursuit of the Selma. The coolness and promptness 
 of Lieutenant Commander Jouett, throughout, merit 
 high praise, his whole conduct was worth}- of his 
 reputation." Admiral ]ouett died in 1Q02. 
 
40 
 
 Rear Admiral GEORGE W. MEL\'ILLE. 
 
 United States Navy. 
 
 It is rare to find high professional ability and the 
 capacity to attend scrupulonsly to office work and de- 
 tails combined in the same individual with the daring 
 spirit and dauntless courage which lead to gallant 
 deeds in the face of the most distressing conditions 
 under which men can be placed. The " sound bod^• " 
 enabled the " sound mind " to do such things as Mel- 
 ville has accomplished, for his life has been one of 
 strange and stirring adventure. Although his name 
 will ever be associated with the Jeannette Expedition, 
 he was a volunteer for two other well-known similar 
 ventures to the far north, each ol which accomplished 
 its mission, " tuto^ cito, juciiiide^'" — owing, in great 
 measure, to the knowledge which he had of the things 
 to be pro\-ided, — a complete outfit being the necessary- 
 adjunct of success in undertakings of this nature. 
 De Long, in his journals, bears full testimony to his 
 cheerful and steady co-operation during that trA-ing 
 drift through entirel}' unknown seas. When the su- 
 preme moment came, and with their own resources 
 cut down to the low'est amount, the party had to 
 make for an unknown shore, over a vast extent of ice 
 and water, Melville was equal to the occasion. He 
 commanded one of the three boats engaged in the re- 
 treat, and accomplished the feat of bringing that 
 wdiale-boat's crew out alive, — while the others per- 
 ished, either in the icy waters of the x-^rctic or the 
 equally inhospitable waste about the Lena delta. 
 Most men would have thought that they had done 
 
REAR ADMIRAL GEORGE W. MELVILLE. 
 UNITED STATES NAVY 
 
43 
 
 enough ; but, after a few days of rest to recuperate 
 his forces, he again took his life in his hands and led 
 a part}- which discovered, far down in that lonely 
 wintry waste, the bodies of De Long, Dr. Ambler 
 and their ill-starred companions. One boat, he 
 rightly judged, had been lost during a night of 
 storm, as thcA- were approaching the land. In search- 
 ing for the other boat's crew " he fought his perilous 
 and painful way, mile b}- mile, through the rigors of 
 perpetual winter and floating archipelagoes of ice 
 along the Arctic coast for over five hundred miles, 
 surviving the privations which had been fatal to so 
 many, and persevered until his search was rewarded 
 by the recoverv of all the records of the Jeannette 
 Expedition." In the face of obstacles presented by 
 the worst season, he penetrated to the mouth of the 
 Lena in his search, and left no doubt that the un- 
 fortunate crew of the third boat had not succeeded in 
 reaching the shore. As it was, he contributed to the 
 geograph\- of the world a new and important chart of 
 that region. It was under his charge that the rude 
 but massive tomb was built which sheltered the poor 
 remains of the lost, " and the rites of Christian bur- 
 ial were performed over these martyrs to science and 
 humanity, where perpetual winter had embalmed 
 them." They were, however, subsequentl}' exhumed 
 by order of the United States Government and 
 brought home, to be laid among the dirst of their 
 kin, with impressive ceremonies. The Russian Gov- 
 ernment offered every assistance to the oincers who 
 accomplished this pious mission, while our own Gov- 
 ernment conferred substantial rewards upon those 
 who had aided Melville in his extremity. For his 
 Arctic services Engineer IVIelville afterwards received 
 
44 
 
 special promotion, with the approbation of the whole 
 navy and of the coiintr}- at large. Engineer-in-Chief 
 Melville was born in New York, of Scottish lineage, 
 on January lo, 1S41, and his education was acquired 
 in the public schools, the school of the Christian 
 Brothers and the Brooklvn Polytechnic School. 
 He entered the navy at the outbreak of the Civil 
 War, and served well and faithful!}-, both during that 
 trying period and afterwards, — when peace came, — 
 on our own coast, in the West Indies, in Brazil and 
 on the East India vStation, besides duty at navy 
 yards. He was everywhere a favorite on account of 
 his cheerful, modest and unostentatious deportment, 
 as well as for the zeal, braver^• and endurance which 
 he showed on all occasions which were calculated to 
 bring forth those qualities, — and there are not few, 
 even in the ordinary course of service. Melville was 
 made engineer-in-chief of the nav}-, and chief of the 
 Bureau of Steam Engineering in August, 1S77, and 
 in Januarv, 1892, was recommissioned in the same 
 office, with the entire approbation of the whole navy, 
 as well as that of the great industrial establishments 
 with which he necessarily comes in contact in con- 
 ducting a vast business. As an instance of his ability 
 to accomplish unusual feats, and his capacity for ex- 
 traordinar}- eiTort, we may mention the fact that in 
 the summer of 1SS7 he himself prepared the general 
 designs of the machinery of five vessels of the new 
 navy. January, 1S96, reappointed for the third term 
 as chief of the Bureau of Steam Engineering, and 
 again for the fourth time in 1900. He was retired in 
 1903, but his interest in political matters is as keen 
 and his judgmeat as good as when he was in the 
 very prime of life. 
 

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 REAR ADMIRAL ARTHUR BURTIS. 
 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
47 
 
 Rear Admiral ARTHUR BURTLS. 
 
 United States Navy. 
 
 Was born in New York, and appointed assistant 
 paymaster from that State by Mr. Lincoln in 1862 ; 
 his grandfather, Arthur Burtis, was an Alderman of 
 the City of New York from 1813 to 1S19; his great- 
 grandfather and great great-grandfather both served 
 in the Revolutionar}- War. His father was the Rev. 
 Arthur Burtis, D. D., an eminent clergyman of Buf- 
 falo, N. Y. Young Burtis' first orders were to duty 
 under Admiral Farragut in the Sagamore, but on the 
 way there in the suppl}' steamer Rhode Island he 
 contracted yellow fever and was sent north ; ujDon re- 
 covering was ordered to the Connecticut, employed in 
 convoying the California steamers through the Car- 
 ibbean Sea ; the Connecticut was next on the block- 
 ade, capturing four noted blockade-runners ; also 
 caused the destruction of four more, in the course of 
 which duty she was engaged with Fort Fisher. From 
 1864 to 1866 Paymaster Burtis was attached to the 
 Muscoota, of the Gulf Squadron ; while in the IMus- 
 coota he was promoted to paymaster. May 4, 1S66; 
 from 1 86 7 to 1869 he was stationed at League Island ; 
 from 1870 to 1873 was attached to the Brooklyn, 
 which ship brought the body of Admiral Farragut 
 from Portsmouth, N. H., to New York, and then 
 went for a cruise in European waters — part of the 
 three years' cruise on the Brooklyn he was the fleet 
 paymaster of the European fleet. Upon his return 
 home, after service at the Bureau of Provisions and 
 
48 
 
 Clothing, Nav}' Department, 1S73, he became in- 
 spector of provisions and clothing at the navy yard, 
 Philadelphia, from 1874 to 1S77 ; most of the time 
 he had the additional duty of paymaster of the re- 
 ceiving-ship St. Louis. In 187S he was a member of 
 the Board of Examiners ; again ordered to League 
 Island, and after about a 3-ear's service there went to 
 the practice-ship Constellation for her summer cruise 
 with the cadets of the Naval Academy. After this he 
 was for some time on special duty at navy pay office, 
 New York ; from 1883 to 1886 he was attached to the 
 Galena, of the North Atlantic Squadron ; the Galena 
 was at Aspinwall in the spring of 1885 ; during the 
 rebellion on the Isthmus, and when that cit}- was 
 burned, the officers and crew of the ship prevented 
 much destruction of property and loss of life ; the 
 Galena also seized at St. Andrew's Island the filibus- 
 tering steamer City of Mexico, in February, 1886. 
 From June, 18S6, to May, 1889, was the paymaster 
 of the navy yard, New York ; he next went to the 
 Vermont, receiving-ship at New York, and in Janu- 
 ary, 1890, was ordered as fleet paymaster of the Pa- 
 cific Scpadron in the flagship Charleston. The 
 Charleston brought King Kalakau from the vSandwich 
 Islands to California, and took his remains back to 
 Honolulu in January, 189 1 ; from the Charleston he 
 was transferred to the flagship San Francisco, March 
 31, 1 89 1 ; the San Francisco was in Chili during the 
 revolution in 1891, and in Valparaiso when Balma- 
 ceda's army was defeated and the Congressional 
 forces captured that city, August 28, 1891 ; he was 
 promoted to pay inspector, September 21, 1891 ; was 
 detached from the flag.ship vSan Francisco, January 30, 
 
49 
 
 1892 ; Pay Inspector Navy Yard, New York, Decem- 
 ber, 1S92-1900; and lie was member Board of In- 
 spection and Snrvey, Jannary, 1896-97 ; U. S. S. New 
 York, fleet paymaster, 1897, North Atlantic Station. 
 The New York was at Tortngas when the Maine was 
 destroyed in Havana, Febrnary 15, 1S98; captured 
 the Spanish steamer Pedro, April 22, 1898, and later 
 several other prizes ; action with the Matanzas bat- 
 teries, April 27, 1898; engagements, San Juan, Porto 
 Rico, May 12, 1898; engagements, Santiago de Cuba, 
 June 6, 1898; action, Santiago, June 16, 1898; ac- 
 tion, Aguadores, Cuba, July i, 1898; action, San- 
 tiago, July 2, 1898 ; action with Cervera's fleet, July 3, 
 1898; promoted to pay director, May 5, 1898; de- 
 tached from the New York, July 3, 1899; in charge 
 of Navy Pay Office, Boston, Mass., December 30, 
 1899-1902 ; Navy Pay Office, New York, 1902 ; re- 
 tired, November 21, 1902, with rank of rear admiral ; 
 received the honorary degree of A. M. from Hobart 
 College ; member of the St. Nicholas Society of New 
 York, the Holland Society of New York, the Sons of 
 the American Revolution, the Kappa Alpha Society, 
 the St. Nicholas Club of New York, the Union Club 
 of New York, and the Council of the Military Order 
 of the Loyal Legion. His home is now at Buffalo, 
 N. Y. 
 
5° 
 
 Brigadier-General GEORGE CROGHAN REID. 
 
 United States Marine Corps. 
 
 Was born in Lorain, Lorain Connty, Ohio, Decem- 
 ber 15, 1S40. Studied before entering service at 
 Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, 1S60-1S63. x-Vp- 
 pointed second-lientenant, LT. S. M. C, Jnly 2, 1846; 
 aide-de-camp to Brigadier-General, Commandant, U. 
 S. M. C, April 20, 1867. Promoted iirst lientenant, 
 Angnst 29, 1869. Gradnated Law Department, Col- 
 umbian Univei'sity, Washington, D. C, and admitted 
 to the bar, Jnne, 1873. Promoted captain, April 2, 
 1884 ; adjutant and inspector U. S. M. C, with the 
 rank of major, Ma}' 2, 1894; colonel, March 3, 1S99. 
 Served 1S64-66, Marine Barracks, Washington, D. C; 
 1866-67, ^^ ^^''^1 U. S. S. Monongahela ; 1S67-76, 
 aide-de-camp, Headquarters, Washington, D. C; Feb- 
 ruary, 1877, to November, 1879, at sea, U. S. S. 
 Trenton and U. S. S. Marion ; December, 1879, to 
 May, 1882, Navy Yard, Portsmouth, N. H.; ]\Iay, 
 1882, to October, 1884, at sea, U. S. S. Yandalia and 
 U. S. S. Galena; November, 1884, to November, 
 1887, Nav}' Yard, Boston, Alass., and with Naval Ex- 
 pedition on Isthmus of Panama; November, 1SS7, 
 to April, 18S9, Marine Barracks, Washington, D. C; 
 April, 1889, to Jnly, 1892, at sea, U. S. S. Chicago; 
 November i, 1S92, ordered to command Marines, 
 Navy Yard, Washington, D. C.; Jannar}- 10, 1S92, 
 appointed a member of Board to revise U. S. Navy 
 regulations; August 21, 1892, appointed member of 
 Small Arms Board; October 28, 1893, to 1896, mem- 
 
BRIGADIER-GENERAL GEORGE CROGHAN REID 
 
 UNITED STATES MARJNE CORPS 
 
53 
 
 ber of Naval Board of Inspection and Survey ; Janu- 
 ary 12, 1901, to October 23, 1902, member of Naval 
 Board of Awards; March 29, 1900, appointed mem- 
 ber of Naval General Board; May 2, 1894, to date, 
 Washington, D. C, as Adjutant and Inspector, U. S. 
 Marine Corps, and Member Naval General Board. 
 
 Colonel Reid comes of a military lineage that in- 
 cludes such names as Schuyler, Dennison, Gillniore, 
 and Whipple, and it was but natural that from his 
 entry into the service he should manifest an earnest 
 interest in the progress and welfare of his Corps. 
 His office combines the duties of both Adjutant Gen- 
 eral and Inspector General. He has been an earnest 
 supporter of his chief in every effort to promote the 
 interests of the Marine Corps ; and to his zealous and 
 faithful performance of the duties of his office is due, 
 in considerable measure, the present efficient status 
 of this organization. Retired in year 1905, with rank 
 of Brigadier-General. 
 
54 
 
 BENJAMIN F. STEVENS. 
 
 Benjamin F. Stevens has been identified with life 
 insurance for more than half a century, and for the 
 greater part of that time he has lield high official 
 positions ; and, although now past four score, he may 
 be found at his desk daily discharging the important 
 duties of President of the New England Life Insur- 
 ance Company. Few men in any walk of life can 
 show a longer or more continuous record of active 
 business life. Air. Stevens was born in Boston, 
 March 6, 1S24. His ancestors were of Pilgrim stock, 
 he being a direct descendant of Richard Warren of 
 the Ma\'flower. Warren's granddaughter married 
 Anthony Sprague of Hingham, who was a famous 
 Indian fighter, and from whom was descended Sam- 
 uel Sprague, who was one of the famous " tea part}- " 
 of Boston, and who also served with conspicuous 
 bravery under Washington at Trenton and all during 
 that momentous period of the Revohition. Samuel 
 Sprague was the grandfather of the subject of this 
 sketch, and was a prominent resident of Boston for 
 nearly a century, he having died when at the ad- 
 vanced age of more than ninety years. 
 
 Mr. Stevens' business career began at the early 
 age of fourteen, at which time he entered the employ 
 of a Boston commission house, remaining with this 
 concern for several j-ears, and acquiring those thor- 
 ough business habits which were to give him so much 
 prominence in later years. In 1843, desiring to see 
 something of the world beyond his native land, he 
 
BENJAMIN F. STEVENS. 
 
accepted the position of Captain's clerk on the frigate 
 Constitution, so famous in the history of the United 
 States Navy, and on this vessel, during his three 
 years' cruise, visited many parts of the world. Upon 
 his return to the United States he entered the service 
 of the New England .Mutual Life Insurance Com- 
 pany as its Secretary. By a close and intelligent 
 application to his duties he soon mastered the details 
 of the business, and in a comparatively brief period 
 had rendered his services of such value to the Com- 
 pany that he was selected for the position of \'ice- 
 President. This office he filled with great success for 
 several years, when he was made President of the 
 Company, a position which he has occupied continu- 
 ously to the present time. Mr. Stevens is an author- 
 itative writer on the subject of life insurance, but has 
 not confined his literary efforts to this subject. He 
 has contributed quite liberally on the subjects of Col- 
 onial and New England history, and kindred topics. 
 He has also traveled quite extensivel}', visiting Eu- 
 rope on several occasions, and his travels through the 
 United States and the West Indies have made him 
 familiar with all the principal live features and char- 
 acteristics of this continent. During all this period 
 he has never flagged in his devotion to the interests 
 of the Company of which he is the head, and in this 
 connection it has been said of him by another : " To 
 him the interests of the New England Life and its 
 many policy holders have ever been first, and in the 
 furtherance of those interests he has given the best 
 3^ears of his life, while the spirit of lo^-alty per- 
 meating the office of the Company has made IMr. 
 Stevens' task a pleasant one." 
 
58 
 
 Major RICHARD S. COLLUM. 
 
 United Stales Marine Corps. 
 
 Was born in Indiana, and appointed from that 
 State an acting midshipman in the Navy, Septem- 
 ber 20, 1854, and resigned ^Nla}- 7, 1S57. After the 
 Rebellion broke out he was commissioned second 
 lieutenant, September 7, 1861, and assigned to the 
 frigate St. Lawrence, where he served until May 30, 
 1863. During that period he served in the South 
 Atlantic Squadron, at St. Simons, Ga.; Port Ro3'al, 
 South Carolina; was in engagement with Sewell's 
 Point Battery and Confederate ram Merrimac, Poto- 
 mac River; bombardment of Sewell's Point and cap- 
 ture of Norfolk, Va.; East Gulf Squadron and three 
 boat expedition on the Florida coast and Indian 
 River. He was commissioned first lieutenant, De- 
 cember 30, ib'62, and while on leave in Jul}-, 1863, 
 volunteered his services to Governor IMorton, of Indi- 
 ana, during the raid of the Confederate General 
 Morgan, and was placed in command of a battalion 
 of provisional troops at Cairo and Mound Cit}', 111.; 
 was on duty with Mississippi Squadron, August, 
 
 1863, to August, 1864, and during that period en- 
 gaged in several expeditions into Kentucky, in pur- 
 suit of guerillas ; was a member of a commission 
 appointed by Admiral Porter to investigate charges 
 against certain active rebel S3'mpathizers at Loui.s- 
 ville, Ky. On the frigate New Ironsides, August, 
 
 1864, to April, 1865, and was in the two attacks on 
 Fort Fisher ; was at Navy Yard, Washington, April, 
 
MAJOR RICHARD S COLLUM 
 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS. 
 
6i 
 
 1S65, to November, 1S67, and in temporary command 
 at the barracks during the confinement at the yard 
 of Paine and his associate conspirators ; in command 
 of Marine Barracks, Mound City, 111., November, 
 1867, to December, 1S68; U. S. S. Richmond, Med- 
 iterranean Squadron, January, 1869, to November, 
 187 1 ; Naval Academy, January, 1872. Commis- 
 sioned captain, Tvlarch 13, 1872 ; Marine Barracks, 
 Boston, April, 1872, to January, 1875 ; commanded 
 detachment of marines at the great fire in Boston, 
 November, 1872, and successfulh' guarded the re- 
 moval of the treasure from the Sub-Treasury to the 
 Custom House on that occasion ; headquarters, Feb- 
 ruary, 1875, to June, 1875 ; fleet marine officer of the 
 Asiatic Station, and by special appointment of the 
 Navv Department, judge advocate of the fleet ; flag- 
 ship Tennessee, June, 1S75, to July, 1878; member 
 of the Board of Inspection, August, 1878, to Novem- 
 ber, 1881 ; Marine Barracks, League Island, Pa., De- 
 cember, 1 88 1, to April, 18S5 ; expedition to Panama, 
 April and Maj', 18S5. On the night of the with- 
 drawal of our forces from the city of Panama, and 
 the occupation of our original lines, representations 
 were made to the commanding officers, " that the in 
 surgents were much excited, that drunkenness pre- 
 vailed to an alarming extent, and that a violation of 
 the armistice was in contemplation." At 10 p. m. 
 Captain Collum was ordered to enter the city alone, 
 and endeavor to ascertain the truth of the report ; 
 this duty was successfully performed. Commissioned 
 captain and assistant quartermaster, May 4, 1885 ; in 
 charge of the Depot of Supplies, Philadelphia, Pa., 
 May, 1SS5, to Februarv, i8go; Headquarters of Ma- 
 
62 
 
 rine Corps, Februar}-, 1S90, to October, 1S91 ; assis- 
 tant quartermaster's office, Philadelphia, October, 
 1891, to 1S97. He retired with the rank of major, 
 June, 1S97. He died at his home in West Philadel- 
 phia, Pa., Januar\' 3, 1905. He had been in bad 
 health for a long time, and more than a year ago was 
 compelled to resign as commandant of the State 
 Soldiers' Home, at Erie, because he was physically 
 unable to perform the duties of the office. Major 
 Collum was a member of the Lo^'al Legion, Naval 
 Order, the Society of Colonial Wars, Sons of the 
 Revolution, United Service CKib and he was a past 
 commander of George G. Meade Post, Grand Army 
 of the Republic. He is survived by his wife, tliree 
 daughters and tliree sons. iNIajor Collum was the 
 author of " The History of the United States ^Marine 
 Corps." 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM CONANT CHURCH. 
 
65 
 
 Colonel WILLIAM CONANT CHURCH. 
 
 Was born in Rochester, N. Y., August ii, 1836, 
 removed with his father's family to Boston in 1848, 
 and in 1S54 established his residence in New York 
 City, where he has since remained. Born in a fam- 
 il)' largely deyoted to literary pursuits, he was at the 
 age of nineteen proprietor of a weekly publication, 
 and at twenty-four was at the head of the New York 
 Sun, which then had a circulation exceeding sixty 
 thousand. He withdrew from this paper in 1861 and 
 was traveling in Europe at the outbreak of the Civil 
 War. Returning from Europe he joined the Army 
 of the Potomac as a volunteer aide, on the staff of the 
 late General »Silas Casey, U. S. xA., and continued 
 with him during the siege of Yorktown and through 
 the General's subsequent career on the Peninsula, 
 parti-:*pating in the battles of Williamsburg and that 
 of F ir Oaks, where Colonel Church was wounded. 
 At t' e earliest opportunity General Case}- appointed 
 him to a vacancy on his staff, giving him the position 
 of acting inspecting and mustering officer of provis- 
 ional brigades with rank of captain. He subse- 
 quently received the brevets of major and lieutenant- 
 colonel of volunteers. In tlie establishment of the 
 Ar>in' and Naz'V Joiinia/ \\& \y?iS associated with his 
 brother. Air. Francis P. Church, and together they 
 established the Galaxy Magaziiii', which continued 
 for ten years, from 1868 to 1878, and then merged 
 with the Atlantic Montlilv of Boston. Aside from 
 
66 
 
 his work on the two periodicals he has controlled, 
 Colonel Church is well known in literary circles 
 through his " Life of Ulysses S. Grant," published 
 by Putnam's, 1899; his contributions to the Century 
 Magazine, Scrihncr^s Magazine, and other publica- 
 tions ; and b}^ his " Life of John Ericsson," who was, 
 during his life, a frequent contributor to the Aniiy 
 and A^avy Journal. This was published by Scribner's 
 in 1891. 
 
 Colonel Church was one of the twehe charter 
 members of the New York Commandery of the Mil- 
 tary Order of the Lo3^al Legion. He has been junior 
 and senior vice-commander of the New York Com- 
 mander}^ He is a member of the Century Club and 
 Union League Club of New York, the Army and 
 Nav3^ Clubs of New York and Washington, a mem- 
 ber of the Authors' Club and the Barnard Club, a 
 " fellow in perpetuity " of the ^letropolitan Museum 
 of Art, and a trustee of the Zoological Society of New 
 York. 
 
 The position and character of Colonel Church ma}' 
 be best indicated b}' the tributes paid to him at a din- 
 ner which his friends and admirers gave in his honor 
 last winter at Delmonico's, New York. The occasion 
 for this dinner was the fortieth anniversary of the 
 establishment of the Army and Navy Journal, which 
 has been under Colonel Church's charge from the be- 
 ginning. General Francis \\ Greene presided, and 
 speeches were made by him, by Colonel Church, 
 Major-General Adna R. Chaffee, U. S. A., Rear Ad- 
 miral A. S. Barker, U. S. N., Mayor Seth Low of 
 New York, :\Ir. Charles R. Miller, editor of the New 
 Y'ork Times, and ]\Ir. Edmiind Clarence Stedman, in 
 
67 
 
 the order named. Letters of congratulation were 
 read from President Roosevelt, John Hay, Secretary 
 of State, Elihu Root, Secretary of War, W. H. 
 IVIood}', Secretary of the Navy, Alajor-General H. C. 
 Corbin, Adjutant-General, U. S. A., Senator Joseph 
 R. Hawley, Hon. Abram S. Hewitt, and many others. 
 Those seated at the head table with the guest of the 
 ■evening were : Hon. Seth Low, Hon. Cornelius N. 
 Bliss, ex-Secretar}' of the Interior, Judge J. C. Gray, 
 of the New York Court of Appeals, ALijor-General 
 A. R. Chaffee, U. S. A., Rear Admiral A. S. Barker, 
 U. S. N., General Grenville M. Dodge, Rear Admiral 
 G. W. Melville, U. S. N., Rear Admiral R. B. Brad- 
 ford, U. S. N., Hon. Andrew H. Green, Judge H. A. 
 Gildersleeve, Edmund Clarence Stedman, Colonel 
 Daniel Appleton, N. G. N. Y., Richard Watson Gil- 
 der, Charles R. Miller, Francis P. Church and Wil- 
 lard Church. 
 
68 
 
 Captain J. W. MILLER. 
 
 Was born in Morristown, N. J., June i, 1S47; 
 son of Honorable J. W. ]\Iiller, United States Sena- 
 tor from that State. Entered the Naval Academy- 
 September, 1863 ; g^raduated Jnne, 1867. Lived the 
 ordinary routine life of junior officer until 1872, serv- 
 ing on the European, Pacific and West Indian sta- 
 tions ; was appointed to special service in connection 
 with the Nicaragua Inter-Oceanic Canal Survey in 
 1872; surveyed portion of the Western Divide, and 
 had charge of the hydrographic work on the San 
 Juan River. He returned to Nicaragua in the 
 autumn of 187-^ as secretary to the commission ap- 
 pointed by the I'nited States Government to deter- 
 mine which was tlie best route for a ship canal across 
 the Isthmus ; after completing this work he was en- 
 gaged in Washington in writing the report on the 
 Nicaragua Canal. 
 
 In 1S75 he was ordered to the European squadron 
 and served in the IMediterranean on board the Frank- 
 lin. During the winter of 1877 and 1878 he was on 
 board the Vandalia when General Grant visited the 
 Levant in the course of his celebrated trip around the 
 world. Having completed his three years of sea ser- 
 vice in European waters, Mr. Miller was assigned to 
 duty at the Naval Academy as instructor of ordnance 
 and gunnery, where he remained until 1881, when he 
 was ordered once more to sea, and made his last cruise 
 in the U. S. S. Jamestown as her navigator from San 
 
CAPTAIN J. W. MILLER. 
 
71 
 
 Francisco to New York, when that vessel came to the 
 Atlantic under sail. This was probably the last sail- 
 ing man-of-war that went around Cape Horn. After 
 returning from this voj-age he left the Navy and 
 went to Kansas, where he became identified with rail- 
 road interests, and was made vice-president and gen- 
 eral manager of the St. Louis, Fort Scott & Wichita 
 Railroad. He remained with this and other corpora- 
 tions in the West until May, 1886, when he was 
 tendered and accepted the position of general mana- 
 ger of the Providence & Stonington Steamship Com- 
 pan}-, and of the New York, Providence & Boston 
 Railroad. In May, 18S9, he was elected president of 
 the Providence & Stonington Steamship Compan}-. 
 He is also president of the Nicaragua Company and 
 the Newport and Wickford Railroad & Steamboat 
 Company-, and has other marine and railroad inter- 
 ests. Mr. Miller took an active part in the develop- 
 ment of the Naval Militia of this State ; was the first 
 commander of the New York Naval Battalion at its 
 organization in 1S91, and is now captain of the 
 Naval Militia of the State. He entered the Navy 
 in 1S98, during the Spanish-American War, as 
 lieutenant-commander, and had command of the 
 Third District, Auxiliary Naval Force. In 1894 
 he was a member of the New York Chamber of Com- 
 merce Committee on Docks, and for several years has 
 been on the Committee on Schoolship St. Mary's. 
 He is a member of the following clubs : The Univer- 
 sity, on the council of which club he served for many 
 years ; of the Century and Seawanhaka ; one of the 
 council of the Naval Alumni Association of New 
 
72 
 
 York ; vice-commander of the Naval Order of the 
 United States, and a member of the Societies of For- 
 eign Wars, and of the Spanish-American War ; also 
 member of several charitable organizations, and 
 served on several committees for the reception of for- 
 eign visitors, including that to the Princess Eulalie 
 and Prince Henrv. 
 
BRIGADIER-GENERAL JUDSON D. BINGHAM. 
 UNITED STATES ARMY. 
 
75 
 
 Brigadier-General JUDSON D. BINGHAAI. 
 
 United States Army. 
 
 Was born in Massena, St. Lawrence County, 
 New York, May i6, 1S31 ; in 1S50 appointed cadet 
 at the United States Military Academy, West Point, 
 N. Y., from the Tenth Congressional District of In- 
 diana, on the recommendation of Hon. A. J. Harlan, 
 Representative in Congress from that District ; 
 served as cadet at the ^Military Academy- from Julv i, 
 1S50, to June 30, 1S54 ; promoted to Second Lieuten- 
 ant, Second United States Artillery, Jul}- i, 1S54; 
 served as Assistant Instructor of Artiller\' Tactics at 
 the United States Military Academy from July i, 
 1854, to August 28, 1854 ; served in garrison at Fort 
 Wood, Bedloe's Island, New York Harbor, November 
 and December, 1S54, and at Barrancas Barracks, Fla., 
 from Januar}', 1S55, to March 22, 1856; promoted to 
 First Lieutenant, Second i\rtiller3', March 12, 1856; 
 on duty in U. S. Coast Survey Service from March 
 22, 1856, to June 12, 1857 ; in garrison at Fort Mon- 
 roe, Va. ( Artillery- School of Practice), 1857 to i860 ; 
 on expedition to Harper's Ferry, Ya., to suppress 
 John Brown's raid, 1S59; on frontier dutj- at Fort 
 Ridgely, Alinn., from May, 1S60, to April, 1861, and 
 on expedition to the Yellow Medicine, Minn., in sum- 
 mer of i860; in garrison at Fort McHenry, Md., 
 May and June, 1861 ; appointed Captain and Assis- 
 tant Quartermaster, United States Army, Ma^- 13, 
 1861 ; served during the Rebellion of the seceding 
 States ; in charge of trains and supplies of General 
 
76 
 
 Banks' Coniiiumd, in the field, in Maryland, from 
 Aiigust, iS6i, to Febrnarv 12, 1.S62, and in charge of 
 Quartermaster's depot, at Nashville, Tenn., from 
 March, 1S62, to March, 1863; served as Chief Quar- 
 termaster of the Seventeenth Army Corps (Lieuten- 
 ant Colonel ex-officio) from January i, 1S63, to 
 April 23, 1863, when General Grant appointed him 
 Chief Quartermaster of the Department and Army of 
 Tennessee; he continued on duty in the field as Chief 
 Quartermaster of that Army from that date during 
 the time it was commanded by Generals Grant, Sher- 
 man and McPherson, up to the date the latter was 
 killed in battle, and subsequently by Generals Logan 
 and Howard, to the end of the siege of Atlanta, Ga., 
 August 25, 1864; was present as Chief Quartermas- 
 ter of the vSeventeenth Ami}' Corps at Lake Provi- 
 dence and Milliken's Bend, La., April 9 to 23, 
 1863 ; was present as Chief Quartermaster of the 
 Armv of the Tennessee at the siege of \'icksburg, 
 Miss., from April 23 to July 4, 1S63 ; was present at 
 the surrender of the cit}- and during its occupation 
 from Jul}' 4 to October, 1863 ; was at Memphis and 
 Chattanooga, Tenn., and at Bridgeport and Scotts- 
 boro, Ala., until last of December, 1863 ; joined Gen- 
 eral Sherman at Cairo, 111., January i, 1864, and 
 under his direction arranged for transporting troops 
 from Memphis to Vicksburg for the expedition to 
 Meridian, Miss.; as Chief Quartermaster of the Army 
 of the Tennessee accompanied General Sherman on 
 the march with the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Army 
 Corps from Vicksburg to Meridian and return, Feb- 
 ruary and March, 1864 ; was present as Chief Quar- 
 termaster at headquarters Army of the Tennessee, 
 
Hiintsville, Ala., March to June, 1S64 ; and in the 
 invasion of Georgia, including siege of Atlanta, June 
 to August 25, 1S64 ; was appointed Inspector of the 
 Quartermaster's Department (Colonel ex-officio), Aug- 
 ust 2, 1864, and served as such from August 25, 
 1S64, to December 31, 1866, being engaged in mak- 
 ing investigations at Boston, Mass.; New York City, 
 Elmira, Syracuse, and Ogdensburg, N. Y.; Trenton, 
 N. J.; Nashville and Chattanooga, Tenn.; Louisville 
 and Camp Nelson, Ky.; Fort Snelling, Minn.; and 
 Fort Rile}', Kans.; on duty in tlie Quartermaster 
 General's office, Washington, D. C, at various times 
 from September, 1864, to December, 1805 ; from De- 
 cember, 1865, to January, 1867, was on duty with 
 General Sherman at vSt. Louis, Mo., as Inspector of 
 the Quartermaster's Department ; was on dut\- as 
 Chief Quartermaster Department of the Lakes, at 
 Deti'oit, Mich., from Januarv 8, 1867, to March 31, 
 1870; in Februarv, March and April, 1S69, made in- 
 spections at Forts Richardson, Griffin, Concho, Stock- 
 ton, Davis, McKavitt and San Antonio, Tex.; served 
 as A.ssistant in the office of the Quartermaster Gen- 
 eral at Washington, D. C, from April 4, 1870, to Oc- 
 tober, 1879, and in charge of the Bureau from Octo- 
 ber 25, 1873, to January 19, 1874, and from January 
 28 to February 20, 1875 ; served as Commissioner to 
 audit Kansas War Accounts, under Act of Congress 
 approved February 2, 187 i, from March 8 to April 5, 
 1S71 ; served as Chief Quartermaster Department of 
 the Missouri, Fort Leavenworth, Kans., from Octo- 
 ber. 1S79, to November, 1883 ; served as Chief Quar- 
 termaster, Division of the Pacific and Department of 
 California, Presidio of San Francisco, Cal., from No- 
 
7S 
 
 vember, 18S3, to about May 30, 1SS6 ; served as Chief 
 Quartermaster, Divisiou of the Missouri, Chicago, 
 111., June 4, 1S86, to December, 1S94; promotions, to 
 Qiiartermaster with the rank of Major, July 29, 1866; 
 to Deputy Quartermaster General with the rank of 
 Lieutenant Colonel, March 3, 1875 ; to Assistant 
 Quartermaster General with the rank of Colonel, 
 July 2, 1SS3 ; brevets. Major, Lieutenant Colonel and 
 Colonel, March 13, 1865, for faithful and meritorious 
 services during the war ; Brigadier-General, April 9, 
 1865, for faithful and meritorious services in the field 
 during the war; retired from active service, I\Iav 16, 
 1895; member of the Society of the Army of the Po- 
 tomac ; of the Army of the Cumberland ; of the 
 Army of the Tennessee ; Commander of the Society 
 of \'eterans of Indian Wars of the United States 
 since its organization, April 23, 1896; companion of 
 the Military Order of the Lo3-al Legion of the United 
 States and as ex-Senior Vice-Commander of the Com- 
 mandery of the State of Illinois, a member of the 
 Commandery-in-Chief ; member of Alanhattan Club 
 of New York ; of Union League of Philadelphia, and 
 Osceola Club of Pensacola, Fla.; also member of As- 
 sociation of Graduates of United States Military 
 Academy at West Point, N. Y. Member of the 
 National Geographic Society, and member of the 
 Fortnightly Club of Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
REAR ADMIRAL SAMUEL PHILIPS LEE. 
 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
Si 
 
 Rear Admiral SAMUEL PHILIPS LEE. 
 
 United States Navy. 
 
 Was born in Fairfax County, Virginia, Febrn- 
 ary 13, 1S12. Entered the nav}^ in 1825, and was 
 commissioned lieutenant in 1S37, commander in 
 1 85 5, captain in 1862, commodore in 1866, and rear 
 admiral in 1S70. In 1861 in command of the war 
 sloop Oneida in the attack on Fort Jackson and Fort 
 Sir Philip, and in various battles on the Mississippi 
 River. Ordered to command the North Atlantic 
 blockading squadron in 1S62. Assigned to the Mis- 
 sissippi squadron in 1864, and in December of that 
 year when General John B. Hood was advancing 
 upon Nashville, and the safety of the National troops 
 under General George H. Thomas largely depended 
 on the prompt arrival of reinforcements and supplies, 
 he kept the Cumberland River open, as it was the 
 only channel of communication. Was president of 
 the board to examine volunteer officers for admission 
 into the regular navy in 1S66-67. In 1867 com- 
 manded the North Atlantic fleet. Placed on retired 
 list Febnxar}' 13, 1873. Published "The Cruise of 
 the Dolphin " in 1854. Died June 5, 1897. 
 
82 
 
 Brigadier-General JOHN WATTvS de PEYSTER. 
 
 Was born in New York City, March 9, 182 1, and 
 is descended from distinguished Colonial ancestry, 
 the de Peyster family settling in New Amsterdam 
 about 1650, and being prominent in the early history 
 of the Colony ; his mother was daughter of the 
 Honorable John Watts, the last Royal Recorder of 
 New York. Through his maternal line General de 
 Peyster became the last Patroon or " Lord of the 
 Soil " of the Lower Claverack ]\Ianor, embracing an 
 extensive estate around the City of Hudson, and 
 through his paternal line he still holds over t,ooo 
 acres in Dutchess County, N. Y., which has been in 
 his family for seven generations. Li both lines of 
 descent General de Peyster can claim military' ances- 
 try-, and from early boyhood his inclination toward 
 the military career was strong, and this inclination 
 was fostered and encouraged by his cousin, Philip 
 Kearny, afterwards a IMajor-General in the Union 
 Army. In 1834, when thirteen 3'ears of age, he 
 traveled in Europe, devoting his time there to 
 an earnest study of the science of war, as devel- 
 oped in France, Itah- and Algiers, in which he 
 not only read military treatises, but studied maps, 
 plans and reports, acquiring several foreign lan- 
 guages that he might read these in the original. 
 While still a boy he prepared beautiful war maps, 
 and was remarkably familiar with the field of mili- 
 tary operations about the head of the Adriatic. His in- 
 dustry in those pursuits was untiring, while his highly 
 
BRIGADIER-GENERAL JOHN WATTS DE PEYSTEF 
 
85 
 
 retenti\-e memory enabled him to gather a vast mass 
 of facts, which he digested with logical acuteuess, us- 
 ing them as the basis of his man}- valuable treatises 
 on military affairs. His studies were long directed 
 to this subject, and he became in a true sense self- 
 educated in military lore. 
 
 His entrance into active life was signalized bv 
 membership in the New York X'olunteer Fire Depart- 
 ment. He joined this as a youth, and was so active 
 and enthusiastic in his devotion to its strenuous 
 duties, that he brought on an affection of the heart 
 from which he has ever since suft'ered. His experi- 
 ence in the .service made him one of the earliest advo- 
 cates of a Paid Fire Department, and he also ear- 
 nestly recommended a police force organized on a 
 system of military' discipline. His own entrance 
 upon a mititar}' career was in 1S44, when he became 
 a staff' officer in the State militia, and in 1845 '^^^^ com- 
 missioned Colonel of the iiith Regiment, New York 
 State Militia. Under a military law enacted in 1S51 
 Colonel de Peyster was appointed Brigadier-General 
 by Governor Hunt, being the first officer of this rank 
 appointed by the Governor of New York. In the 
 same 3^ear the young Brigadier, though an invalid, 
 was sent to Europe as special military agent for New 
 York, commissioned to report on the organization 
 of the militia and municipal militar}^ organization 
 in foreign lands. His report, published as a Senate 
 document, was of great service in the organization of 
 the State troops, and in the subsequent exigencies of 
 the Civil War. Governor Hunt gave testimon\' to 
 its value b}' presenting him with a gold medal, with 
 a very flattering inscription, and the officers of his bri- 
 
86 
 
 gade presented him with another for his services in 
 elevating and discipling this body. 
 
 In 1S55 General de Peyster was appointed Adju- 
 tant-General on the staff of Governor Clark, but he 
 found the department so fully under the control of 
 political influences that reform was hopeless. After 
 a vigorous but unavailable effort to improve matters 
 he resigned the office, convinced that his education as 
 a soldier was not of the kind necessarv to deal with 
 politicians. In the succeeding years broken health 
 and the frequent hemorrhages from which he suf- 
 fered kept him out of active life, but in 1S61, at the 
 outbreak of the Civil War, he hastened to offer his 
 services to President Lincoln with three regiments. 
 As the call for 75,000 troops had been filled, 
 the President declined to receive any more troops, 
 but was ready to consider the General's offer of his 
 personal services. After the General's return to 
 New York, the hemorrhages to which he had long 
 been subject became so severe and weakening as to 
 render him unfit for active duties, 3'et, despite this, 
 he made a suksequent offer of a brigade of two regi- 
 ments to the Government. At this time, however, no 
 more troops or generals were wanted, there being a 
 feeling that the war would soon end. This feeling 
 General de Pevster did not share, but predicted a 
 great and protracted struggle. He was the first to 
 advocate the use of colored troops, a subject on which 
 he published man}- critical articles during the war. 
 His delicate state of health forbade his entering the 
 war at a later date, but he was keenly observant of 
 its wants and wrote discriminating articles upon 
 them. In 1S66 he was appointed Brevet Major-Gen- 
 
8/ 
 
 eral of the N. Y. National Guard, and on this occa- 
 sion flattering testimonials of his great militar}' 
 knowledge and the value of his advice and influence 
 during the Civil War were given by Generals Hum- 
 phreys, Pleasanton, Grant, Hooker, Rosecrans and 
 others. In addition to his writing on subjects con- 
 nected with the Civil War, General de Peyster has 
 written voluminously on military- science and on his- 
 torical subjects in general. During the Austro- 
 Prussian War of iS66 he wrote a long article indi- 
 cating the result and the decisive field, and during 
 the Franco-Prussian War of 1S70 he made prophecies 
 of coming events which were fulfilled to the letter, 
 including the surrender at Sedan. Among his man}- 
 valuable literary productions are a series of papers in 
 Avhich he advocated what might be termed making 
 the skirmish line the Line of Battle. The first of 
 these, entitled " New American Tactics," was trans- 
 lated for a French scientific military magazine, was 
 reduced to a system of tactics bv a French officer, and 
 is now in practice throughout the world. He was 
 also two 3-ears in advance of United States Ordnance 
 officers in urging the adoption of the Louis Napoleon 
 i2-pounder cannon, which was the most effective piece 
 of artiller}' emploA-ed during the Civil War. 
 
 In addition to his military and literar}- services, 
 General de Peyster has shown his public spirit and 
 sentiment of liberalit}' in many gifts and benefac- 
 tions to public institutions, including libraries on 
 special subjects to a number of educational and li- 
 brary associations, and works of art of much cost and 
 value to the Cities of New York and Hudson. He 
 donated to Hudson a grand bronze statue of St. Win- 
 
88 
 
 ifred, which is placed in the promenade overlooking 
 the Hudson River. A bronze statue of heroic size of 
 his famous ancestor, Colonel Abraham de Peyster, 
 donated by him, is the chief ornament of Bowling 
 Green Square, New York, and a similar fine statue 
 of his grandfather, Hon. John Watts, Jr., last Roj^al 
 Recorder of the Cit}' of New York, stands in Trinity 
 churchyard. The Leake and Watts Orphan House, 
 biiilt from mone\- donated by his grandfather, has 
 been added to b}- General de Peyster, who has also 
 donated for its support $200,000 worth of property. 
 He has in addition built a home for consumptives, 
 and a home and hospital for invalid children ; fur- 
 nished a home for girls in Dutchess Count}-, New 
 York, and has built a training school, donating to it 
 300 acres of land. At ]\Iadaling, Dutchess County, 
 is a Methodist church erected b}- him, and a Memo- 
 rial chapel at Nebraska City ; and at Matchitoches, 
 La., Trinity Episcopal Church was restored b}' him. 
 These are the chief, not the whole, of the General's 
 donations. The degree of "SI. A. was conferred upon 
 him by Cohimbia College in 1S72; LL. D. by Ne- 
 braska College in 1S70; Litt. D. 1S92, and LL. D. 
 1896, and Ph. D. by Franklin and Marshall College, 
 and he has been made a member of several European 
 learned societies. General de Pej-ster retains an an- 
 cestral home in New York Citj-, property belonging 
 to his great-grandfather, John Watts, but resides 
 chiefl}- in his beautiful countr}- seat, named " Rose 
 Hill," after the spacious and elegant home of his 
 great-great-great-grandfather (which was beautifully 
 situated in the neighborhood of Edinburgh, Scot- 
 land), near Tivoli post office and station, on the 
 Hudson. 
 
MAJOR-GENERAL ARTHUR MACARTHUR. 
 
 UNITED STATES ARMY. 
 
91 
 
 Major-General ARTHUR MacARTHUR. 
 
 United States Army. 
 
 Of all human events, wars bring the greatest 
 surprises. This is as true of the building up or tear- 
 ing down of men's reputations as of results and 
 events. In the United States, no man entering the 
 military service can possibl}- prognosticate where he 
 will come out at the conclusion of any war, if he sur- 
 vives. But there are men marked b}^ nature, of 
 whom, those who ha\e made their characters a study, 
 can with confidence predict with ease great results. 
 Of such men, General Arthur MacArthur stands eas- 
 ily among the first. It has been the author's good 
 fortune not onlj- to have slightly known him, but to 
 know more of his family and his character than us- 
 ual, since both are originally from the same State — 
 Wisconsin. 
 
 During the great Civil War, the aiithor — then a 
 lad of eight years — remembers well the distinct 
 events of that war, as heralded by telegraph and 
 newspapers. Filled with a vast and deep interest in 
 the Wisconsin troops, — the magnificent soldiers of 
 whom General Sherman said a single regiment was 
 equal to a brigade of any other State — it is no won- 
 der that his greater interest should center on those 
 younger soldiers of the Badger State who early made 
 great records for themselves. And bright and glori- 
 ous as General MacArthur's career has been since 
 then, 3^et nothing can surpass the brillianc}- of the 
 
92 
 
 events of the young soldier's life while adjutant, 
 ma,jor and lieutenant-colonel of a Wisconsin regiment 
 from 1862 to the close of the great war. 
 
 In August, 1862, the 24th Wisconsin Infantry 
 was organized and mustered into the I'nited States 
 service. Its adjutant was Arthur MacArthur, then 
 only seventeen years of age. Leaving the State early 
 in September, the regiment soon found itself under 
 the command of Brigadier-General Sheridan, and on 
 October 8 young MacArthur had his first taste of 
 " service under fire," at the battle of Chaplin Hills. 
 A short time after, the colonel of the regiment being 
 sick, and the lieutenant-colonel having resigned, the 
 command of the regiment devolved on its major, and 
 at the battle of Stone River it was led by the major 
 and young MacArthur. But it was the following 
 year that the people of Wisconsin thrilled with pride 
 over the career of the j^oung officer when the}- heard 
 of his coolness and daring at Missionary Ridge. In 
 the severe fighting that took place during the ascent 
 officers and men fell in numbers, some from bullets, 
 but more from exhaustion. Among the latter was 
 the color-bearer of the regiment, but the colors were 
 at once seized by MacArthur, who bore them, at the 
 same time encouraging the men to follow him up the 
 ridge. 
 
 In 1864, at Kenesaw Mountain, MacArthur acted 
 as lieutenant-colonel of his regiment, having in Jan- 
 uary of that year been promoted to the majority. 
 
 In all the marches and fights of the regiment it 
 is related that even veterans of several wars were as- 
 tounded at the wonderful coolness under fire of Col- 
 onel MacArthur. To-dav that is one of his main 
 
93 
 
 characteristics, and many a retured soldier and offi- 
 cer from the Philippines have I heard speak of this 
 trait of their general, and of the confidence it gave 
 them when, dnring the first fighting that occnrred in 
 1S99, onr raw soldiers were considerably worked up. 
 
 The battle of Franklin is laid down by military 
 strategists as a stndy of military art. It was the for- 
 tune of the 2 4 til Wisconsin to bear a share in this 
 hard-fought battle, and it was the conspicuous cool- 
 ness and energy of its lieutenant-colonel that brought 
 it from the fight covered with such glor\- that Major- 
 General Stanlej-, commanding the Fourth Corps, 
 stated as follows : " I will not absolutely say the 24th 
 Wisconsin saved the battle of Franklin, but I can 
 testif3- from the evidence of my own eyes that they 
 had a great deal to do with saving it. At the very 
 moment all seemed to be lost, the routing of the 
 rebels and the retaking of our batteries, at the mo- 
 ment the rebels were about to turn our own guns on 
 us, was a most important crisis in that battle. In 
 this feat the regiment was gallantly and well led by 
 3-our boy-colonel, Arthur MacArthur." At this bat- 
 tle General McArthnr was wounded. 
 
 On the iSth of IMay, 1865, he was promoted lieu- 
 tenant-colonel of the 24th Wisconsin regiment, and 
 in June following was mustered out with that rank. 
 
 Entering at the age of seventeen, he graduated 
 from the great war with the rank of regimental com- 
 mander, the 3-onngest man holding that rank in the 
 armies of the United States. His age v/as then 
 twenty. 
 
 For gallant and meritorious services at Perry- 
 ville, Stone River, Alissionarv Ridge and Dandridge, 
 
94 
 
 he was brevetted a lieutenant-colonel, and for gallant 
 and meritorious services at Franklin and during the 
 Atlanta campaign he was brevetted a colonel, but 
 for " coolness and conspicuous bravery in action, in 
 seizing the colors of his regiment at a critical mo- 
 ment and planting them on the captured works on 
 the crest of Alissionary Ridge, Tennessee, Novem- 
 ber 25, 1863," he was awarded a Medal of Honor. 
 
 His further history is so well known that only a 
 brief summing up is necessary. Appointed a second 
 lieutenant in 1866 in the 17th U. S. Infantry, and a 
 iirst lieutenant on the day following, he became a 
 captain of the 36th Infantry in July of the same 
 3'ear, but in 1870 was transferred to the famous 13th 
 Infantry — General Sherman's old regiment. In this 
 he served through the various Indian campaigns the 
 regiment was called on to take part in, and in the 
 Southern States, till he was made an assistant adju- 
 tant-general in July, 1889, with the rank of major. 
 Promoted a lieutenant-colonel and assistant adju- 
 tant-general in 1896 — at the outbreak of the Spanish- 
 American War — he was made a brigadier-general of 
 volunteers, and went to the Philippines with the first 
 expedition. In August, 189S, he was promoted a 
 major-general of volunteers, and in January, 1900, a 
 brigadier-general of the regular service. On Febru- 
 ary 5, 1901, he became a major-general of the United 
 States Army, and as his retiring age is still some 
 years off (1909), he will, in all probability, in due 
 course, become a lieutenant-general commanding the 
 army. 
 
 General MacArthur is best known to the people of 
 the United States as the commander-in-chief of the 
 
95 
 
 forces in the Philippines the past year and a half, 
 while so much fighting of a guerrilla nature has been 
 going on. His success as a civil and military admin- 
 istrator is attested by the confidence placed in him by 
 the President and the late President, the War Depart- 
 ment, and the higher civil functionaries of the Gov- 
 ernment, but to the people of Wisconsin he is better 
 known, and always will be, as the " Boy-Colonel." 
 
 The artist always pictures the soldier and daring 
 man as an heroic and dashing man. General 
 MacArthur in conversation and conduct, whether in 
 his office, on the field of battle or in the parlor, is 
 cool, collected, and exceedingly deliberative, giving 
 one the impression of a judicial cast of mind rather 
 than a military one. A man with exceptional intelli- 
 gence, great intellectuality, a great student, he is the 
 beau ideal of the modern soldier ; cool, never impul- 
 sive, courteous, and with an expression of such 
 strength of countenance that confidence is immedi- 
 ately inspired by all who meet him. 
 
96 
 
 ROLAND GIDEON CURTIN, M. D. 
 
 Was born at Bellefonte on October 29, 1S39. 
 He is the sou of Dr. Constance Curtin, of Dj'sart, 
 County Clare, Ireland, who died in April, 1S42. His 
 mother was Alary Ann Kinne, who was lineally 
 descended from Thomas Welles, the third Governor 
 of Connecticut. Dr. Curtin received his earl}' educa- 
 tion in the Bellefonte public schools. At sixteen he 
 entered the Scientific Department of Williston Acad- 
 emy, at East Hampton, Mass., from which he gradu- 
 ated in 1S59. He then, for some time, engaged in 
 the iron business in Philadelphia. At the outbreak 
 of the Civil War he was appointed United States 
 Naval Storekeeper at the Philadelphia Navy Yard. 
 After the war he entered the Department of Medicine 
 of the Universit}- of Pennsylvania, and graduated in 
 1866. After serving a term of eighteen mouths as 
 resident physician in the Philadelphia Hospital, and 
 three months as resident in the Insane Department 
 of the same institution, he spent some time in visit- 
 ing the hospitals of Great Britain and the Continent. 
 Returning to America, he was appointed United 
 States Geologist under Professor F. Y. Hayden. Dr. 
 Curtin was Professor of Geology and Mineralogy at 
 the Wagner Free Institute, 1S71-1873 ; assistant 
 physician to the Philadelphia Lying-in Charity, 
 1871-1882; Chief of the Medical Dispensary of the 
 Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania for ten 
 years ; assistant to the Professor of Clinical IMedicine, 
 University of Penns3dvania, 1879-1887 ; Lecturer on 
 
ROLAND GIDEON CURTIN, M. D. 
 
99 
 
 Ph3-sical Diagnosis and ph3-sician to the University- 
 Hospital since 1887 ; physician to the Throat and 
 Chest Department of the Howard Hospital, 1876- 
 1SS2 ; visiting physician to the ^Maternity Hospital, 
 Philadelphia, for seven 3-ears ; visiting ph^-sician to 
 the Presb^-terian Hospital since 18S7 ; member of the 
 Medical Staff of the Philadelphia Hospital (Block- 
 ley) since iSSo; consulting physician to the Rush 
 Hospital for Consumptives, St. Timothj^'s Hospital, 
 and the Douglass ^lemorial Hospital. He was Presi- 
 dent of the Alumni Association of the Auxiliar}- De- 
 partment of Aledicine, University- of Penns3-lvania ; 
 Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Alumni 
 of the ?kledical Department, Universit3' of Penns3-1- 
 vania ; First President of the Alumni Association of 
 Philadelphia Graduates of the Medical Department, 
 Universit3- of Pennsvlvania ; President of the Medi- 
 cal Board of the Philadelphia Hospital since 1S90; 
 President of the Association of Hospital Surgeons 
 and Phvsicians of Philadelphia ; honorar3- \'ice-Pres- 
 ident of the Section on Climatolog3' and Demography 
 of the International Medical Congress, Washington, 
 1887 ; honorary President of the Medico-Climatology 
 Division of the World's Congress ; Auxiliar3- to the 
 World's Columbian Exposition, and deli\-ered the ad- 
 dress of welcome to the foreign delegates, Chicago, 
 1893 ; President of the Grand Chapter of the Alpha 
 Mn Pi Omega Medical Fraternitv ; Assistant Medi- 
 cal Director of the Centennial Exhibition of 1876 ; 
 member of the Committee of Arrangements of the 
 International Medical Congress, Philadelphia, 1876; 
 member of the First and Second Pan-American Med- 
 ical Congresses, Washington, D. C, 1S93, and the 
 
lOO 
 
 Cit}' of Mexico, 1S96; delegate from the American 
 Medical Association to the British Medical Associa- 
 tion, London, 1895. Dr. Cnrtin is a Fellow of the 
 College of Ph^'sicians, member of the Philadelphia 
 Obstetrical Society', Pathological Society, American 
 Medical Association, Medical Societj- of the State of 
 Penns^dvania, Philadelphia County Ivledical Society, 
 American Climatological Association (Vice-President, 
 1SS6-18S7 ; President, 1S72-1S93), and a member of 
 its Council for man}' 3'ears ; associate member of the 
 Institute of Art, Science and Letters ; member of the 
 American Social Science Association ; Past Master of 
 the Masonic Fraternit_v : Knight Templar ; meml^er 
 of the Scottish Rite, Thirty-second Degree ; member 
 of the Fairmont Park Association, Genealogical vSo- 
 ciety of Pennsylvania, New England Society, Grand 
 Army of the Republic, Pennsylvania Forestry Asso- 
 ciation, and a life member of the Academy of Nat- 
 ural Sciences, Philadelphia. The degree of Ph. D. 
 was confeiTcd upon him b}' the University' of Penn- 
 sylvania in 1S71, and the honorary degree of A. M. 
 by Lafa^-ette College in 1S83. On March 21, 18S2, 
 he married Julia Robinson, a daughter of the late 
 Edwin Ta^dor, of Hartford, Conn. President of the 
 Alumni Society of the Medical Department of the 
 University of Pennsylvania, 1903-1904; Commander 
 of Philadelphia Naval Veterans, 1903-1904; ^'ice- 
 President of Medical Cliib of Philadelphia, 1903- 
 1904. 
 
COLONEL SELDEN ALLEN DAY. 
 
 UNfTED STATES ARMY. 
 
I03 
 
 Colonel SELDEN ALLEN DAY. 
 
 United States Army. 
 
 Colonel Day's niilitar}' career began when lie 
 raised a company of volnnteers in Oliio at the first 
 call for troops in 1861. Owing to the excess of troops 
 enrolled under this call his company could not be 
 mustered and was disbanded. Captain Day then en- 
 listed as private in Company- C, Seventh Ohio Infan- 
 try, June 20, 1S61, and participated in the campaign 
 in West Virginia that year. After the action of 
 Cross Lanes, Augiist 26, where his regiuieat suffered 
 heav}^ loss, he was made corporal. In the winter of 
 1861-62 he was at Loop Creek, Paw-Paw, Romney, 
 etc. 
 
 He was promoted sergeant and recommended for 
 a commission for gallantry at the battle of Winches- 
 ter, \'irg'inia, March 23, 1S62, under General Shields, 
 where he was wounded, but remained at the front, 
 and in a charge of his brigade was one of the first 
 over the stone wall forming part of the defense of 
 the enemy, and was one of a small party following 
 Major Casement of the Seventh Ohio into a battery 
 and capturing the guns. At the close of the fight, 
 with the aid of a comrade, he captured and brought 
 in a staff officer of General Jackson 
 
 In the battle of Port Republic, June 9, 1862, 
 Sergeant Day bore an active part, and, though again 
 wounded, formed one of the rear-guard in the retreat 
 after the battle, for which he was highly commended 
 by General Carroll, who commanded in that fight. 
 
I04 
 
 At the battle of Cedar Alountain, August 9, 
 1S62, where his regiment suffered terribly, Sergeant 
 Day, though at one time " between two fires," es- 
 caped unhurt, and at the close of the action was in 
 command of the remnant of three companies. 
 
 As a result of the fatigue and hardships of the 
 campaign of 1S62, he was for some months in hospi- 
 tal at Frederick, Maryland, where, having formerly 
 studied medicine, while convalescing he performed 
 efficient service, assisting in the care of the sick and 
 wounded. Being given the option of a discharge for 
 disability or a transfer to the regular army as hospi- 
 tal steward, he elected to be transferred in order that 
 he might remain in the service of his country, and 
 was ordered to Baltimore for duty. In the summer 
 of 1S63, when that city was threatened, Steward Da}-, 
 under the IMayor, was instrumental in organizing 
 and drilling for special service companies made up 
 of members of the Union League and convalescents 
 in the hospital. 
 
 Upon recovering his health he applied for field 
 service and was appointed second lieutenant Fifth 
 Artillerj-, and in the spring of 1864 was ordered to 
 the front. He joined Battery A in the Battle of Cold 
 Harbor and was brevetted first lieutenant for gal- 
 lantry in that action. He served continuously in the 
 field until the close of the war ; entered Richmond 
 with Battery F, Fifth Artillery, April 3, 1S65, and 
 was brevetted captain for " gallant and meritorious 
 services during the war." 
 
 He was detailed in charge of cholera quarantine 
 at Craney Island, Virginia, and afterward to com- 
 mand Battery F, Fifth Artillery, at Richmond, Vir- 
 
T(>5 
 
 ginia, iS66, in which year he was promoted first lien- 
 tenant. He was made president of Board of Regis- 
 tration and Elections, and military commissioner in 
 Virginia under the Reconstrnction Acts in 1867-68. 
 He was graduated from the Artillery School in 1874, 
 and from the Aledical College of the State of South 
 Carolina, 1880. He was recorder of Board on Maga- 
 zine Guns, 1881-82; promoted captain Fifth Artil- 
 ler}', 1 886, and commanded Fort Wood, Bedloe's 
 Island, New York Harbor, March to June, 18S7. 
 
 He traveled in Europe in 18S8 ; was ordered to 
 the Pacific Coast in 1890, and commanded Fort 
 Mason, San Francisco, California, for four years. 
 
 Colonel Da3% then captain, was mentioned with 
 others in the general order from headquarters of 
 the army in 1897 for gallantry displaj-ed in the res- 
 cue of seventeen people from a sinking steamer in 
 a storm at Fort Canby, Washington, February 28, 
 1896. The next year he spent traveling in the 
 Orient. 
 
 Colonel Day's record in the war with Spain was 
 also notably brilliant. At the opening of the war he 
 became major of the Fifth Artiller}^, and while in 
 command at Gal\-eston, Texas, was ordered to Tampa, 
 Florida From there he took out the siege train and 
 reported to the commanding general of the arm}- then 
 in Cuba. With his train he went from Cuba to Porto 
 Rico, being with a part of his command, acting as in- 
 fantry, in one of the first boats to land at Guanica, 
 July 25, 1898, and taking a prominent part in the 
 capture of the town. Three days later, his command 
 fiirnishing the guard for " headquarters of the army 
 in the field," he went with it to Ponce Playa, where 
 
io6 
 
 he ran up a ship's flag on tlie custom house, that be- 
 ing the first United States flag ever hoisted over a 
 public building in Porto Rico. After the promulga- 
 tion of the peace protocol, he, as commandant of the 
 artillery, took over the forts and armament, hoisted 
 the flag over El Morro Castle at San Juan and fired 
 the national salute on the daj- of final occupation, 
 October iS, 1S9S. 
 
 Colonel Da^-'s unflagging efforts for the advance- 
 ment of the profession to which he has given his 
 whole life are also matters of record. It is believed 
 that one of his inventions, a projectile of peculiar 
 construction, will undoubtedlj' some da^' be adopted 
 when further relief from excessive pressure in heav}' 
 guns becomes imperative through the development of 
 smokeless powder. The " dum-dum," or soft-pointed 
 bullet for small arms, was invented by Colonel Da}', 
 and patented by him in all prominent countries ex- 
 cept the United States. He has been frequently em- 
 ployed b}- the Government as well as by the Citj- of 
 New York and others in scientific work, for which 
 his qualifications as a physician and surgeon, an ex- 
 pert rifle shot, and his knowledge of explosives spe- 
 cially fit him. 
 
 While serving on the island of Porto Rico as 
 commander of artiller}- and ordnance officer, he took 
 an active interest in the development and American- 
 izing of our new possessions in that part of the 
 world ; experimenting in agriculture and stock rais- 
 ing, thus anticipating the efforts of the Goverment 
 in that line. 
 
 When the first battalion of the Porto Rican reg- 
 iment was authorized Colonel Day took an active in- 
 
I07 
 
 terest in its organization, believing the service to be 
 the best possible school in patriotism for the natives. 
 
 After a long term of duty in the tropics Colonel 
 Day was ordered home and placed in command at 
 Fort Williams, Portland, Maine. 
 
 Later other officers of high rank, veterans of the 
 Civil War, retired. The conntry owes them a deep 
 debt of gratitude. 
 
io8 
 
 Rear Admiral WILLIA^I THOMAS SAMPSON. 
 
 United States Navy. 
 
 Was born in Palmyra, X. Y., on February 9, 
 1S40. Entered the United States Naval Academy, 
 Annapolis, in 1857, and was graduated in 1861 ; was 
 promoted to Master in 1861, and to Lieutenant in 
 1862 ; seryed throughout the Ciyil War in the Block- 
 ading Fleet, and was on board the monitor Patapsco 
 when she was destroyed by a submarine n:ine in 
 Charleston Harbor, in 1865. Commissioned Lieu- 
 tenant-Commander in 1866, and Commander in 1S74, 
 his first command being the U. S. S. Alert, and later 
 the Swatara. Was several times stationed at the 
 Naval Academy as instructor or head of department, 
 and from 1886 to 1890 was Superintendent of that 
 institution. Was in charge of the Na\-al Observa- 
 tory in Washington from 1882 to 18S4 ; a member of 
 the International Prime Meridian and Time Confer- 
 ence in 1894; in charge of the U. S. Torpedo Sta- 
 tion, 1884 to 1 885 ; a member of the Board of Forti- 
 fications and other Defences, 18S5 to 1886; and a 
 delegate from the United States to the International 
 Maritime Conference, 1887. Was promoted to Cap- 
 tain in 1889, and assigned to command of the U. S. S. 
 San Francisco in 1890. Was in charge of the Wash- 
 ington Navy Yard and Gun Foundry, 1S92-3 ; and 
 from 1893 to 1S97 was Chief of the Bureau of Ord- 
 nance at the Nav3' Department ; and was assigned to 
 the command of the Iowa in 1S97. ^^ '^^'^^ Presi- 
 dent of the Court of Inquiry which investigated the 
 
REAR ADMIRAL WILLIAM THOMAS SAMPSON. 
 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
II I 
 
 destruction of the U. S. S. Maine in Havana Harbor. 
 Wliile still a Captain, was appointed to the command 
 of the North Atlantic Station, a month before the 
 outbreak of hostilities with Spain, and on the day the 
 blockade of Cuba was declared was assigned the act- 
 ing rank of Rear x\dmiral. Had supreme command 
 of the naval forces operating against Spanish ships 
 and territory in American waters. His command 
 numbered over 125 vessels — the strongest fleet ever 
 organized for hostile purposes. This fleet blockaded 
 the Spanish possessions of Cuba and Porto Rico, cap- 
 tured many Spanish merchant vessels and other block- 
 ade runners, destroyed several minor vSpanish men-of- 
 war, cut the cables connecting the Spanish West In- 
 dian possessions, bombarded several coast fortifica- 
 tions ; inaugurated and maintained the blockade of 
 Santiago, which insured, and eventuall}' accomplished, 
 the defeat of the Spanish fleet under Admiral Cer- 
 vera, and completed the destruction of the Spanish 
 sea power in the Western Hemisphere. This fleet 
 was also material in the operations attending the 
 siege and capture of Santiago town and province. 
 After the battle of Santiago, was designated to com- 
 mand the fleet ordered to devastate the coast of Spain, 
 which was on the point of sailing when Spain sued 
 for peace. In September, 1898, was appointed one of 
 the three Commissioners to Cuba ; returned in De- 
 cember, and resumed command of the North Atlantic 
 fleet. Was commissioned Commodore, Jul}-, 189S, 
 and Rear Admiral, March, 1S99. In October, 1899, 
 was, at his own request, detached from command of 
 the fleet, and ordered as Commandant of the Navy 
 Yard at Boston, which was the last duty he per- 
 
112 
 
 formed. He died ]\Ia_v 6, 1902, soon after being re- 
 lieved from command of the Boston station. 
 
 Admiral Sampson received many tokens of the 
 esteem and admiration of his conntrymen after the 
 war, and not the least among these being the bestowal 
 of the degree of Doctor of Laws by Harvard in 1899, 
 and a handsome honor sword, the gift of the State of 
 New Jersey, presented by Go^•ernor \'oorhees in 
 Trenton, October 25, 1899. 
 
 Admiral Sampson was married in 1S63 to Miss 
 Margaret Sexton Aldrich, and again in 1SS2 to Miss 
 Elizabeth Susan Burling. His children are Mrs. R03' 
 C. Smith, Mrs. R. H. Jackson, Mrs. W. T. Cluverius, 
 Mrs. H. H. Scott, and Ralph and Harold Sampson. 
 
REAR ADMIRAL CHARLES STANHOPE COTTON. 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
115 
 
 Rear Admiral CHARLES STANHOPE COTTON. 
 United States Navy. 
 
 Was born February 15, 1843, at Milwaukee, 
 Wis. Appointed Acting Midshipman at Naval Acad- 
 enn-, Annapolis, Md., from First District of Wis- 
 consin, September 23, i<S5S ; May 10, 1S61, detached 
 from the Naval Academy, and detailed for active 
 dutv ; June 7 to August 15, 1 861, served on board 
 frigate St. Lawrence ; on July 28 she captured the 
 Confederate privateer Petrel ; August 15 to Novem- 
 ber 19, duty in Philadelphia in connection with the 
 trial of prisoners captured on board the Petrel ; No- 
 vember 19, 1861, to Februar}' 24, 1S63, served on 
 board frigate Minnesota, flagship N. A. Blockading 
 Squadron ; participated in action between ]\Ierrimac 
 and Monitor and the fleet in Hampton Roads, on 
 March 8 and 9, 1862. Promoted to Ensign, Novem- 
 ber II, 1862 ; Februar}- 24 to July 13, 1863, attached 
 to steamsloop Ii-oquois, off Wilmington, N. C; 
 March 8, 1864, to August 10, 1865, attached to steam- 
 sloop Oneida, W. G. B. Squadron, except a few weeks 
 of service on board the Hartford and the Kineo. 
 Promoted to Lieutenant, February 22, 1864 ; Aug- 
 ust 5 to 23, 1864, served on board Oneida during the 
 battle of Mobile Bay, and subsequent operations to 
 surrender of Fort Morgan; November 13, 1865, to 
 May 3, 1869, attached to steamsloop Shenandoah, in 
 the East Indies and China. Promoted to Lieutenant- 
 Commander, July 25, 1866; from September 30, 
 1869, to July 29, 1870, duty at Naval Academy; Oc- 
 
ii6 
 
 tober I to December 23, 1S70, duty at Navy Yard, 
 Kittery ; Januar_v 5 to April 24, 1S71, attached to 
 frigate Tennessee, San Domingo Expedition ; April 
 
 24, 1871, to February 16, 1874, attached to steamsloop 
 Ticonderoga, as Executive, on the Brazil Station ; 
 May I, 1S74, to June i, 1876, dut}' at Navy Yard, 
 Kitter}- ; June i to September 9, 1S76, Torpedo In- 
 struction at Newport; September 15 to October 4, 
 1876, Executive of receiving-ship Worcester, Nor- 
 folk; October, 187b, to Jul}-, 1880, on duty at New 
 York Navy Yard. Promoted to Commander, April 
 
 25, 1877; commanding U.S. S. IMonocac}', Asiatic 
 Station, September, 1880, to September, 1883, except 
 a period of six weeks, during which commanded the 
 U. S. S. Alert, on that station, June-July, 18S1 ; In- 
 spector of Ordnance, Nav}- Yard, Norfolk, \'a., from 
 Januar}-, 1884, to October, 1887 ; Inspector Fifteenth 
 Lighthouse District, from October, 18S7, to Decem- 
 ber, 1890; commanding Mohican, April, 1S91, to 
 May, 1892 ; in command of Behring Sea Patrol 
 Squadron from June to October, 1891. Promoted to 
 Captain, May 28, 1892 ; commanding receiving-ship 
 Independence, Maj-, 1892, to August 15, 1894; com- 
 manding U. S. flagship Philadelphia, Pacific Station, 
 from August 24, 1894, to September i, 1897; tem- 
 porary duty, Washington Nav}- Yard, from January 
 17, 1898, to April 22, 1S98; commanding auxiliarv 
 cruiser Harvard from April 25 to September 2, 1898. 
 
 The first duty upon which the Harvard was em- 
 ploved was scouting, in company- with the U. S. aux- 
 iliary cruiser St. Louis, to the eastward of the Wind- 
 ward Islands, watching for the approach of the Span- 
 ish squadron under Admiral Cervera. The Harvard 
 
117 
 
 arrived at the Island of jMartiniqiie, West Indies, on 
 the forenoon of May ii, 1S98, a few hours in advance 
 of that squadron from the Cape Verde Islands, and 
 the cablegram from the Harvard reporting the arrival 
 there of Admiral Cervera, with the four cruisers and 
 the three torpedo-destroyers under his command, was 
 the first official information of that important event 
 to reach the Navy Department. 
 
 After the destruction of Cervera's squadron, ofT 
 Santiago, July 3, iSgS, the Harvard rescued from the 
 shore, where they had landed near their burning 
 ships, the surviving officers and men, nearlv 700 in 
 niimber, of the Spanish cruisers Infanta Maria 
 Teresa and the Almirante Oquendo, whom, with some 
 300 more Spanish prisoners, mostly from the Viz- 
 caya, she carried to Portsmouth, N. H., and to the 
 Naval Academy, Annapolis, Aid. 
 
 Captain of the Yard, Navy Yard, Mare Island, 
 Cal., from October 3, 1898, to April 19, 1899; com- 
 manding receiving-ship Independence, Mare Island, 
 Cal., from April 19, JS99, to March 23, 1900; pro- 
 moted Rear Admiral, March 27, 1900; President Re- 
 tiring Board, Washington, D. C, from March 26 to 
 July 14, 1900 ; Commandant Navy Yard and Station, 
 Norfolk, Va.. from Jul}- 16, 1900, to 1903. Com- 
 manding European squadron to date of his retirement 
 in 1904. 
 
ii8 
 
 Rear Admiral N. MAYO DYER. 
 
 United States Navy. 
 
 Was born in Provincetown, Mass. At an earl}' 
 age he entered the merchant service, in which he was 
 engaged from 1S54 to 1S59. He then became em- 
 ployed by a mercantile firm, in whose service he re- 
 mained until the breaking out of the Civil War, when 
 he enlisted in the Thirteenth Regiment of Massachu- 
 setts Volunteers. His natural preference being for 
 the naval branch of the service, he sought and ob- 
 tained a transfer, and on May 2, 1862, entered upon 
 his first active duty in the \'ohniteer branch of the 
 Nav3% as Acting Master at the Boston Nav}' Yard. 
 His next duty was in the West Gulf Squadron, where 
 he earl}- earned distinction for his gallantr}- and the 
 intelligent discharge of his duties, in recognition of 
 which he w-as, on May 18, 1S63, promoted to the 
 grade of Acting Ensign, and appointed to the com- 
 mand of the Eugenie, a vessel engaged in the duty 
 of blockading the harbor of Mobile and in dispatch 
 .service. On January 12, 1864, he was advanced to 
 the grade of Acting Master, " in consideration of gal- 
 lant and faithful service," as stated by the Secretar}' 
 in the order accompanying his promotion. In Jul}', 
 1864, he obtained a two months' leave of absence, but 
 upon his arrival at New Orleans, en route for the 
 North, he learned of the probable early attack upon 
 the harbor and forts of Mobile, and immediately re- 
 linquished the privileges of his leave and, returning 
 to the squadron off Mobile, at the earliest opportunity. 
 

 REAR ADMIRAL N. MAYO DYER. 
 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
121 
 
 preferred a request to the commanding officer of the 
 fleet to be assigned to active duty. His request was 
 complied with, and he was placed in command of the 
 Metacomet, on July 19, 1S64, a vessel which was des- 
 tined to take a prominent part as the consort of Ad- 
 miral Farragut's flagship, the Hartford, in the pas- 
 sage of the forts and the capture of the rebel fleet. 
 In this event it was his good fortune to receive in 
 person the surrender of the Confederate vessel Selina. 
 Upon the fall of Fort Morgan he availed himself of 
 his leave, at the expiration of which he was attached 
 to Admiral Farragut's flagship, the Hartford, remain- 
 ing on duty on that vessel until its return north, in 
 December, 1S64, when he was assigned to the com- 
 mand of the Rodolph, with which vessel he co-opera- 
 ted with the forces under General Granzer in their 
 operations against the Mobile from Pascagoula, ren- 
 dering important service in this connection in Missis- 
 sippi Sound and the Pascagoula River. In the sub- 
 sequent advance upon Mobile, in the spring of 1S65, 
 he had the misfortune on April i to lose his vessel by 
 contact with a torpedo in Blalal}- River, after he had 
 rendered conspicuous service in the general attack. 
 On the 2 2d of the same month he received his com- 
 mission as Acting Lieutenant, and upon the surren- 
 der of the rebel fleet under Commodore Farragut, in 
 the Tombigbee River, May 10, 1S65, Lieutenant 
 Dyer was selected to command, successively, two of 
 the surrendered ves.sels, the Black Diamond and the 
 Morgan. In June following he was temporarilv in 
 command of the Elk, and in July was given the more 
 important vessel, the Stockdale, with which vessel he 
 was ordered to proceed to Mississippi Sound, to afford 
 
122 
 
 protection to the people along the shore and to culti- 
 vate the most possible frieudlj' relations with those 
 lately in rebellion. In September, 1865, the Stock- 
 dale having been directed to be placed out of commis- 
 sion, Lieutenant Dyer was transferred to the Ma- 
 haska, at Apalachicola, but the following month was 
 detached from this vessel and ordered to command 
 the Glasgow at Pensacola. In April, i>S66, he was 
 detached from the Glasgow, and ordered to report to 
 the Bureau of Navigation at Washington, where he 
 remained on special duty until May, 1868. Having 
 been mustered out of the Volunteer service, he was 
 commissioned as Lieutenant in the regular navy, on 
 March 12, 1S68, and in Julv, was ordered to the 
 Dacotah in the South Pacific squadron, joining at 
 \'alparaiso, August 27. On December iS, 1S6S, he 
 was promoted to the grade of Lieutenant-Commander. 
 The Dacotah having been ordered to San Francisco, 
 upon her arrival there Lieutenant D\-er was ordered 
 to the command of the Cyane, with which vessel he 
 proceeded to Sitka, Alaska, on special dut}', running 
 there until March, 1870, when he was ordered to join 
 the Pensacola at San Francisco, but remained on duty 
 on that vessel but a short time, when he was detached 
 to the Ossipee, which proceeded in July on a short 
 cruise to Lower California and the Alexican Coast. 
 It was while the Ossipee was proceeding north from 
 the Mexican Coast that they encountered a hurricane 
 which left a rough and troubled sea. During the 
 subsistence of the gale, and while the vessel was 
 making sail, a man fell overboard from the maintop- 
 sail yard, the halyards having carried him away from 
 the yard while he was engaged in hoisting the top- 
 
12' 
 
 sail. In his descent the man struck in the main 
 chains, was knocked senseless, and, falling into the 
 sea, was soon rapidly drifting astern. Lieutenant 
 Dyer was taking an observation on the poop-deck, 
 when he observed the accident. Immediately turning 
 a bowline in the end of a boat fall, he jumped into 
 the sea and succeeded in reaching the man and sus- 
 taining him until both were rescued by a boat's crew. 
 For this act of heroism he was publicly thanked by 
 the commander of the ileet. Commodore W. R. Tay- 
 ler, and in addition was awarded a medal. In Sep- 
 tember, 1S70, he was ordered to the South Pacific 
 Station, from which Station he was detached and 
 ordered home, August 22, 1S71. He was attached to 
 the Boston Yard from November 7, 1871, to Septem- 
 ber I, 1S73, and for the two succeeding months was 
 on duty at the Torpedo School, Newport, R. I. On 
 November 24 he was ordered to command the torpedo 
 boat iMayflower at Norfolk, for dutv on the North 
 Atlantic vStation. From the Mayflower he was trans- 
 ferred to the command of the Pinta. In February-, 
 1876, he was detached from the Pinta and ordered to 
 the New Hampshire as executive oflicer, the vessel 
 then being fitted out for the permanent flagship at 
 Port Royal, S. C. In December, 1S76, he was de- 
 tached from the New Hampshire and ordered to equip- 
 ment duty at the Boston, remaining until 1879. He 
 was attached to the receiving-ship Wabash, 1S79-S1, 
 and to the Tennessee, iSSi-83. He was advanced to 
 the grade of Commander in April, 1883, and ordered 
 to diitv in connection with the Light House Board, 
 remaining on that duty until 18S7, when he was 
 ordered to the command of the Marion on the Asiatic 
 
124 
 
 Station, 1887-90. He was then placed on waiting 
 orders for several years, his next active duty being at 
 the Naval War College, Coasters' Harbor Island, 
 R. I. After serving another brief period as Light 
 House Inspector, he was in July, 1897, commissioned 
 as Captain and ordered to the command of the pro- 
 tected cruiser Philadelphia, the flagship of the Pacific 
 Squadron, and stationed at Honolulu. In October, 
 1897, he was transferred to the command of the pro- 
 tected cruiser Baltimore, and in March, 1898, he was 
 sent to the Asiatic Station with ordnance supplies for 
 Dewey's fleet, the timely arrival of which contributed 
 so materially to the famous victory of Manila Ba3^ 
 Commander Dyer participated in the glorious naval 
 battle, and remained on dutv at Manila until March, 
 1899, when he was invalided home. He was retired 
 from active service on Februarv 19, 1901. 
 
JRIGADIER-GENERAL LUCIUS HENRY WARREN. 
 UNITED STATES VOLUNTEERS. 
 
127 
 
 Brigadier General LUCIUS HENRY WARREN. 
 
 United States \ 'olunteers. 
 
 Was born in Charlestown, Mass., October 6, 
 1838, being a son of Jndge George Washington War- 
 ren of Boston. The family is of distinguished an- 
 cestry, tracing its descent in the sixth generation 
 from John Warren, a descendant of the Earl of War- 
 ren, who came to America with Sir Richard Salton- 
 stall in Winthrop's fleet, and settled in W^atertown, 
 Mass. General Warren's mother was Lucy Rogers, 
 who was a daughter of Jonathan Newell, M. D., of 
 Stowe, England, a descendant of the martyr, John 
 Rogers. On October i, 1S6S, General Warren was 
 married to Jane Maria Hollingsworth, daughter of 
 Amos Hollingsworth, of Milton, Mass. He entered 
 Princeton College at the age of twent}', and was grad- 
 uated from that institution in i860, with high honors, 
 and it was from Princeton that he received the degree 
 of A. M. in 1865, Harvard having conferred upon 
 him the degree of LL. B., in 1862. Having taken 
 the law course, he was admitted to the Massachusetts 
 bar in 1862. General Warren entered the Volunteer 
 service July 30, 1S62, enlisting as a private in the 
 Thirty-second Regiment of Massachusetts \^olunteers. 
 His zeal and efficiency as a soldier soon won him pre 
 ferment, and in August following his enlistment he 
 received a commission as Second Lieutenant. In De- 
 cember of the same year he was promoted to First 
 Lieutenant for bravery in action at Fredericksburg. 
 While holding this commission he participated in 
 
128 
 
 many important battles and skirmishes, among them 
 that of Second Bull Rnn, x\ntietam, Fredericksburg, 
 and Chancellorsville, being in command of his com- 
 pany' in the last-named event. It was ever a source 
 of regret with him that he was conlined to the hospi- 
 tal during the period of Lee's second incursion into 
 Pennsylvania, and he thus was prevented from par- 
 ticipating in the most important battle of the war. 
 He was in the winter of 1S63-64 engaged on duty as 
 Judge Advocate, but returned to duty with his regi- 
 ment in time to participate in the siege of Petens- 
 burg, during which he displayed great heroism in the 
 various skirmishes and minor actions in which he 
 participated, and in two of which he was wounded. 
 He was in command of liis regiment during a great 
 portion of this period, and often of the brigade, hav- 
 ing received rapid promotion. He was active in the 
 engagements which immediately preceded the fall of 
 Richmond, and was in command of the first colored 
 troops to enter that cit}- after the evacuation. It was 
 soon after the conclusion of hostilities that the Gov- 
 ernment proceeded to take decisive measures to expel 
 the French Army under Maximilian from Mexico, 
 and General Warren was with the troops whicli were 
 sent to tlie frontier preparatory to carr3ang this de- 
 cision into effect. While on this duty he was for a 
 time in command at Brazos and the district of Indi- 
 anola, Texas. In Juh', 1867, while in command at 
 the post of New Iberia, La., he was severely wounded 
 while suppressing a mutiny. In January, 1S6S, he 
 was appointed Aide-de-Camp to Major-General Robert 
 C. Buchanan, commanding the Department of Louis- 
 iana and Texas, and subsequently became Acting As- 
 
129 
 
 sistant Adjutant General on his staff, a position he 
 held during the remaining reconstruction period. He 
 resigned from the army on October 15, 1S79, and 
 soon after began the practice of law at the Philadel- 
 phia bar, and was actively engaged in his profession 
 until 1SS6, when he retired from the bar, and since 
 has resided for the most part in Europe. The mili- 
 tary career of General Warren was a notable one, and 
 his many acts of bravery were recognized b}' his su- 
 periors, and frequently rewarded by promotion. After 
 having reached the grade of Lieutenant-Colonel, he 
 was mustered out of the Volunteer service and en- 
 tered the regular ami}-, his first commission being 
 that of First Lieutenant, and he was assigned to duty 
 with the Thirty-ninth LTnited States Infantrj'. For 
 gallantry in front of Petersburg he was brevetted 
 Lieutenant-Colonel and Brigadier-General of United 
 States Volunteers, and for gallant and meritorious 
 services during the war he was brevetted Major and 
 Lieutenant-Colonel in the regular army. 
 
I^O 
 
 Brigadier General W. F. DRAPER. 
 
 Was born in Lowell, Mass., on the gtli of April, 
 1842. His father, George Draper, was a man of re- 
 markable strength of character, energy and intellect, 
 leaving a record of nsefnlness excelled by few of his 
 contemporaries. General Draper is descended from 
 Revolutionarj' stock, one of his ancestors, Abijah 
 Draper, of Dedham, having been a soldier in the war 
 for Independence. He received his primary education 
 in the public schools, and early began his preparation 
 for entering Harvard College. His efforts in this di- 
 rection were, however, frequently interrupted by his 
 being compelled to resort to means for his livelihood, 
 his skill as a machinist causing his services to be 
 readily employed. His aspirations for a collegiate 
 education were destined to receive a serious check by 
 the breaking out of the Civil War. Catching the 
 spirit of patriotism which swept through the country 
 at this crucial period in the history of the country, he 
 enlisted on the 9th of August, 1 861, in a volunteer 
 company which his father, George Draper, had been 
 largely instrumental in raising. Subsequeuth* this 
 company was incorporated with the Twent\--fifth 
 IMassachusetts ^'olunteers, and the son was chosen as 
 its Second Lieutenant. His iirst important duty was 
 in connection with General Burnside's Expedition to 
 North Carolina, during which he became Signal Offi- 
 cer on the General's staff", and participated in the bat- 
 tles of Roanoke Island, New Berne and Fort Macon. 
 During this service he was promoted to the grade of 
 
BRIGADIER GENERAL W. F. DRAPER. 
 
133 
 
 First Lieutenaut, and in Angiist, i<S62, he was com- 
 missioned Captain and transferred to the Tliirtj'- 
 Sixth Massachusetts Regiment, joining his new 
 command just after the battle of South JMoiintain, 
 September 14, 1S62. This victory of McClellan's 
 immediately preceded the more important battle of 
 Antietam, in which Captain Draper took an active 
 part. He was also present at the battle of Fredericks- 
 burg, being, a short time after that disastrous cam- 
 paign, transferred on special duty at Newport News, 
 Virginia. His regiment having been transferred to 
 the West, it was for a time engaged in the arduous 
 dut}- of pursuing Morgan's Cavalry, a predator}- or- 
 ganization which had been inilicting unusual damage 
 on the Federal lines. In the discharge of this duty 
 the regiment rendered most effective service, and was 
 in June, 1S63, sent to reinforce General Grant's 
 Army at Vicksbixrg, participating in the siege and 
 capture of that Confederate stronghold, and in the 
 subsecjuent march to Jackson and the fighting in that 
 locality. From the severity of this active campaign- 
 ing the regiment was reduced from six hundred and 
 fifty in June to one hundred and ninety-eight in Sep- 
 tember. In August, 1S63, the regiment returned to 
 Kentucky, marching through Cumberland Gap into 
 East Tennessee. The siege of Knoxville and the 
 battles of Blue Springs, Campbell's Station and 
 Strawberry Plains were fought in rapid succession, 
 ]\Iaior Draper being in command of the regiment 
 after the loth of October, Colonel Goodell having 
 been wounded. 
 
 In the spring of 1S64 the regiment was sent to 
 Annapolis, Maryland, and, after being partiall}- re- 
 
134 
 
 cruited, joined the Arm}- of tlie Potomac, under Gen- 
 eral Grant. On the sixth of Alay, in the battle of 
 the Wilderness, while leading his regiment in a 
 charge over a Confederate rifle pit, he was shot 
 through the body and left on the field. After the 
 position had been successively captured and recap- 
 tured, he was finall\- rescued and sent to a hospital in 
 Washington. He received his commission as Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel from this date, and served as Colonel 
 of his regiment until the close of the war. 
 
 After partially recovering from his wounds he 
 joined his regiment in front of Petersburg, and was 
 in command of a brigade diiring the severe engage- 
 ment at the Weldon Railroad. A month later his 
 division was engaged in the actions at Poplar Grove 
 Church and Pegsam's Farm, suflfering heav}' losses 
 and becoming separated from the rest of the com- 
 mand. Colonel Draper's regiment was the onh' one 
 of the brigade that came out of these actions with its 
 organization complete, bringing off its colors with 
 those of several otlier regiments. On this occasion 
 Colonel Draper received a slight wound, which, how- 
 ever, did not disable him. On the 1 2th of October, 
 his term of service having expired, and his wounds 
 being of a troublesome character, he accepted his dis- 
 charge and returned home, having received the brevet 
 of Colonel and Brigadier General for " gallant ser- 
 vice during the war." 
 
 Both regiments with which Colonel Draper was 
 connected were characterized as " fighting regiments," 
 the Twenty-fifth Massachusetts losing sevent}- per 
 cent, of its number in killed and wounded in one en- 
 gagement, that of Cold Harbor, while the Thirty- 
 
135 
 
 sixth Massachusetts, in the campaign beginning with 
 the Wilderness, had every field and line officer except 
 one and seventy-five per cent, of the enlisted men 
 killed or wounded. 
 
 Soon after the close of the war General Draper 
 became engaged in the manufacture of cotton ma- 
 chiner}', in which he attained great success, and he is 
 now at the head of the firm of George Draper & 
 Sous, being besides President or Director in numer- 
 ous mauufactuiing, i-ailroad or insurance companies. 
 He is a mechanical expert and an inventor, with a 
 record of over fift}- patents. He is a well known 
 writer on economics, and was for one year President 
 of the Home Market Club. 
 
 General Draper ser\ed for three years on the 
 staff of Governor Long, and made a strong fight for 
 the Gubernational nomination in i8SS. He was sub- 
 sequently elected to Congress from the Eleventh 
 Massachusetts Congressional District. 
 
136 
 
 Commander ZERA L. TANNER. 
 
 United States Navy. 
 
 Was born in Warsaw, W3-oming County, New 
 York, and entered the Navy as Acting Ensign in 
 Augnst, 1S62. His first service was on board the 
 Midnight, one of the vessels attached to the South 
 Atlantic Blockading Squadron. He remained on this 
 duty until September, 1S64, when he received his 
 promotion to the grade of Acting IMaster, and was 
 transferred to the Rhode Island, a vessel eagaged on 
 special duty in connection with the North Atlantic 
 Blockading Squadron. He remained on this duty 
 until 1865, when he was assigned to the Vermont, 
 stationed at the New York Navy Yard as a recei\'ing- 
 ship, remaining on this duty until 1866. During 
 this year it was determined by the Navy Department 
 to test the sea-going powers of the Miantonomoh 
 type, and that monitor was accordingly dispatched to 
 the Alediterranean. As a measure of precaution the 
 vessel was accompanied by a seaworthy ship, and ac- 
 cordingly the U. S. S. Augusta was selected. It was 
 the good fortune of Acting Master Tanner to be se- 
 lected as one of the officers to accompany that memo- 
 rable vo^'age, during whicli the unique type of fight- 
 ing craft which had sprung from the Civil War 
 attracted the attention and admiration of the naval 
 experts of the European powers. On his return to 
 America in 1867, he remained on temporary duty for 
 a short period, and then was ordered to the Onward, 
 on the Asiatic Station, where he continued on duty 
 
COMMANDER ZERA L. TANNER. 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
139 
 
 for several _years. On March 12, 1S68, he was trans- 
 ferred from the volunteer to the regular service, re- 
 ceiving the commission of Ensign, his promotion to 
 the grade of Master coming in December of the same 
 year. Having been ordered home from the iVsiatic 
 Station in 1870, he was for the second time attached 
 to the receiving-ship Vermont at the New York Navy 
 Yard. His promotion to the grade of Lieutenant oc- 
 curred on March 21, 1870. His next duty was on the 
 Narragansett, a vessel engaged in surveving the Pa- 
 cific Coast. He remained on this service till 1873, 
 when he was ordered to duty as recruiting officer at 
 Buffalo. After serving for a period at the Philadel- 
 phia Navy Yard in 1874, he obtained from the De- 
 partment an extended lea\'e of absence, and entered 
 the merchant service as a commanding officer. His 
 first duty in this line was as the Commander of the 
 Pacific mail steamship Colon, 1S74-75, and his next as 
 Commander of the City of Peking, 1S76-78, these 
 vessels being engaged in the Oriental trade. Lieu- 
 tenant Tanner proved himself during this period to 
 be thoroughly equipped for the arduous and respon- 
 sible duties of a commanding officer, and by his un- 
 varying courtesy rendered himself popular with the 
 officers of the company and its patrons. In 1876 he 
 was ordered on acti\e duty by the Department, and 
 was assigned to the Hydrographic Office at Washing- 
 ton, where he remained until 1879, when he was or- 
 dered to the command of the Speedwell. In 1880 he 
 was assigned to special duty in command of the Fish 
 Commission steamer Fish Hawk, and remained on 
 that duty until 1882, when he was transferred to the 
 steamer Albatross, engaged in the same field. On 
 
140 
 
 Februarj' 22, 1883, he received his commission as 
 Lieiitenant-Comniander, his next promotion coming 
 ten 3'ears later, February 7, 1893, when he was pro- 
 moted to his final grade, that of Commander. Com- 
 mander Tanner's duties during the closing years of 
 his service were closely confined to the Fish Commis- 
 sion and H3^drographic Office, his services in these 
 departments being exceptionally valuable. He was 
 placed on the retired list December 5, 1897. 
 
RICHMOND PEARSON HOBSON. 
 
 LATE NAVAL CONSTRUCTOR. UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
143 
 
 RICHMOND PEARSON HOBSON. 
 
 Late Naval Constructor, United States A^ivy. 
 
 Was boru in Greensboro, Ala., August 17, 1870. 
 At the age of twelve A'ears lie entered the Southern 
 Universit}-, where he remained for three years. On 
 May 21, 1885, having received the appointment of 
 Cadet at the Naval Academy, xA-unapolis, he entered 
 that Institution, and was graduated with high honors 
 in 1889. Dtiring his career at the Academy he gained 
 distinction as a close student, and it was no sixrprise 
 that he elected to enter one of the higher branches of 
 the service, that of Naval Constructor. He received 
 his appointment as iYssistant Naval Constructor on 
 Juh' I, iSgi, and was promoted to the grade of Con- 
 structor on June 23, 189S, and as such was on active 
 duty with the North i\.tlantic Squadron at the break- 
 ing out of the Spanish-American War, on lioard the 
 flagship New York. It was during this period that 
 his superior skill and ability were brought to the at- 
 tention of his superior officers, and he rendered effi- 
 cient service at the bombardment of Matanzas and in 
 the expedition against San Juan, Porto Rico. When 
 the Spanish fleet under Admiral Cervera entered the 
 harbor of Santiago de Cuba, and was blockaded by 
 the combined fleets of Admirals Sampson and Schle}^, 
 it was determined b}- the commanding officer to at- 
 tempt to eft'ectnally stop the egress of the fleet from 
 the harbor b}' placing obstructions in the channel. 
 With this purpose in view^ the collier Merrimac was 
 
144 
 
 selected, and Constructor Hobson, having tendered 
 his services, was selected b}- Admiral Sampson to 
 carry into effect this perilous enterprise. Selecting a 
 crew of eight men from the hundreds who were eager 
 to share with Hobson the danger and the glor}- of the 
 expedition, on the night of June 2, 1S9S, he entered 
 the harbor with the vessel. No sooner had he ap- 
 proached the spot designated for the sinking of the 
 ]\Ierrimac than its presence was discovered by the 
 enemy, and immediately a concentrated fire from the 
 fortifications at the mouth of the harbor ensued, by 
 which the work of placing the obstruction in mid- 
 channel was so seriously interfered with as to render 
 the enterprise only partially' successful. Captain 
 Hobson and his crew, having attached themselves to 
 a life raft which had been provided for the emergency, 
 were picked up b}- the Spaniards and made prisoners. 
 This act of heroism on the part of Hobson and his 
 companions thrilled ever^- community throughout the 
 land with patriotic enthusiasm, scarcel}' any event of 
 the war having attracted more wide-spread attention 
 and approval. After the Spanish fleet was destro^-ed 
 in its attempt to escape from the harbor, it was deter- 
 mined by the authorities to endeavor to float some of 
 the vessels, with a view to their reconstruction. To 
 this arduous task Captain Hobson was assigned, but 
 the destruction of the ships had been so thoroughly 
 accomplished, that but one of them was raised, the 
 Maria Teresa, which was subsequentlj' lost in an at- 
 tempt to tow her to an American harbor. At the 
 close of the war Captain Hobson was sent to Hong 
 Kong to supervise the reconstruction of three Span- 
 
145 
 
 isli gunboats which had been partially destroyed at 
 the battle of Manila, a duty which he performed with 
 entire satisfaction to the authorities at Washington. 
 He was, at the conclusion of this duty, placed in 
 charge of the construction department of the Navy 
 Yard at Cavite, P. I. He retured to the United States 
 in 1902, and was for a brief period Superintendent of 
 naval construction at the Crescent shipj-ards, Eliza- 
 beth, N. J. At this period Captain Hobson desired 
 to be placed on the retired list, and made formal ap- 
 plication to the Secretary of the Nav}^ for such retire- 
 ment. The Secretary, howe\'er, took the view that 
 this ofificer's services were too valuable to the country 
 to be thus dispensed with, and denied the application. 
 Captain Hobson subsequently made an effort to se- 
 cure his retirement by a special act of Congress, but 
 was not successful, and in February, 1903, he formally 
 tendered his resignation and it was accepted. Almost 
 immediateh' following his resignation he entered 
 the political field, becoming a candidate for Congress 
 from his native State. In the prosecution of this 
 laiidable ambition he entered into an active and thor- 
 ough campaign of his district, and developed orator- 
 ical and forensic powers of a high and convincing 
 order. In liis numerous speeches he strongly advo- 
 cated the importance of the increase of the naval 
 power of the Government, as he had previously done 
 in lectures and addresses in various parts of the coun- 
 try, and he has made it quite e\'ident that that would 
 be his predominating theme should he succeed in en- 
 tering the legislative halls of his country. In his 
 recent effort, however, he was unfortunate in having 
 
146 
 
 opposed to him a veteran in politics with a popularity 
 scarcely surpassed by any other mau in his district, 
 and he was nuable to secure a majority of the dele- 
 gates, and his political ambition has been temporarily 
 checked. He has, however, announced his determina- 
 tion not to abandon the field, and it may be safely 
 predicted that his ambition in this direction will be 
 eventuallv crowned with success. 
 
MATTHEW STANLEY QUAY. 
 LATE UNITED STATES SENATOR FROM PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
149 
 
 MATTHEW STANLEY QUAY. 
 
 Late United States Senator from Pcnnsylva7iia. 
 
 Held for many years a leading position in the 
 political affairs of the nation. He -was born in the 
 village of Dillsbnrg, York Count}-, Penn., Septem- 
 ber 30, 1833, his father being a Presbyterian clergy- 
 man. Young Quay early evinced an ardent desire 
 for a thorough education, and, after passing through 
 the various grades of the public schools, he took a 
 course at Jeft'erson College, from which institution he 
 was graduated at the age of seventeen. His family 
 having removed to Pittsburg, he began the studv of 
 law in the office of Judge Sterrett, which, however, 
 he intermitted by a visit to tl:e vSouthwest, where he 
 spent a 3'ear or two in teaching and lecturing. Re- 
 turning home he resumed his law studies, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1854, at the age of twentv-one. 
 In 1S55 he was appointed to the office of Protho- 
 notary of Beaver County, to fill a vacanc}-, and the 
 same year he was regularly elected to the office, and 
 again in 1S59. 
 
 At the breaking out of the Civil War he entered 
 the ranks of the Tenth Pennsylvania Reserves as a 
 Private, but was soon commissioned a Lieutenant. 
 Coming under the eye of Governor Curtin, that 
 functionary soon discovered the marked ability pos- 
 sessed b}' the young officer, and appointed him to the 
 responsible position. Commissar}^ General of the 
 State Troops, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. 
 He discharged the duties of this responsible office 
 
I50 
 
 with great satisfaction during the entire period of 
 the organization of the troops of the State, and when 
 they were mustered into the service of the Govern- 
 ment, Governor Curtin made him his Private Secre- 
 tary. After serving a 3'ear in this capacity, rendering 
 valuable aid to the Governor in connection with the 
 military organizations, in August, 1S62, he entered the 
 service of the Government as Colonel of the One 
 Hundred and Thirt3--fourth Pennsylvania Regiment. 
 After several months of active service with the Army 
 of the Potomac, he was prostrated by an attack of ty- 
 phoid fever, which so impaired his health as to com- 
 pel him to leave the service. He, however, recovered 
 suihcientlv to take an active part as a volunteer offi- 
 cer in the battle of Fredericksburg, and displayed 
 such gallantry that he was awarded the Congressional 
 Medal of Honor. He again entered tlie service of his 
 State, first as Military State Agent at Washington, 
 and afterward as Military Secretary to the Governor. 
 Returning to his home in 1S64, he entei-ed the field 
 of politics, and was elected to the Legislature, in 
 which position he served several terms. In 1868 he 
 was chosen Secretary of the Republican State Central 
 Committee. In 1S69 he established the Beaver Rad- 
 ical, which under his able management soon gained 
 a prominent and influential position among the polit- 
 ical organs of the party. He took an active part in 
 the campaign whicli terminated in the election of 
 Governor Hartranft, and was appointed Secretary of 
 State, a positiou which he held from 1S72 to 187S, 
 and subsequently from 1879 to 1S82. In the interval 
 of these two terms as Secretary of State he held the 
 position of Recorder of the City of Philadelphia. 
 
The prominence which Mr. Quay had attained in the 
 councils of his party led to his nomination in 1887 
 for the office of State Treasurer, and he was elected 
 by an unprecedented majoritj-. Soon after the ex- 
 piration of his term as Treasurer was chosen United 
 States Senator, a position which he held almost con- 
 tinuously until his death in 1904. During all of this 
 period Senator Quay's power and influence in the 
 councils of his party were strongl}- felt, and his dom- 
 ination of the political actions of the Republicans of 
 his own State was absolute, though frequent efforts 
 were made to depriye him of this power. Soon after 
 his election to the Senate he was made Chairman of 
 the Republican National Committee, and later Chair- 
 man of the Executive Committee of that organiza- 
 tion, in which latter position he had charge of the 
 party canyass which led to the election of General 
 Harrison to the Presidenc}'. In the National Con- 
 vention of 1S96 he was placed in nomination for the 
 office of President, receiving the solid vote of the del- 
 egates from his own State, and the votes of Cjuite a 
 number of delegates from other States. In his Sen- 
 atorial capacity he seldom took part in the debates, 
 bi;t was recognized as one of the ablest and most inde- 
 fatigable workers in the upper branch of the National 
 Legislature in preparing and promoting in the vari- 
 ous committees of which he A\as a member the work 
 of that body. In 1899 there came a brief hiatus in 
 his legislative career, a faction of his party in the 
 Legislature opposing and temporarily defeating his 
 re-election. At this period the charge of misappro- 
 priation of funds while he was Recorder of Philadel- 
 phia was made, but upon trial was not substantiated. 
 
1^2 
 
 The Legislature having reached its adjournment 
 without the election of a Senator to succeed Senator 
 Qua3-, he was appointed b}- Governor Stone to fill the 
 vacancj'. This appointment failed, on technical 
 grounds, to receive the approval of the Senate. The 
 Senatorial question became an issue in the following 
 State campaign, with the result that at the meeting 
 of the Legislature Senator Qua}- was re-elected by a 
 handsome majority, showing that he still held control 
 of the party organization in the State. This control, 
 though for a brief period weakened, was never other- 
 wise seriously opposed or disputed from the time 
 when he was elected to the Senate until the time of 
 his death, which occuiTed on May 28, 1904. Al- 
 though he was for a long period stigTuatized -with the 
 opprobrious name of a political " boss," no one was 
 ever able to attach to his name, in public or private 
 life, an3-thing reflecting upon his honor or integrity. 
 
BRIGADIER GENERAL CAMILLO C. C. CARR. 
 
 UNITED STATES ARMY. 
 
^55 
 
 Brigadier General CAMILLO C. C. CARR. 
 
 United States Army. 
 
 Was born ^larch 3, 1S42, at Harrisburg, Rock- 
 ingliam County, \'a. His career in the Army began 
 when he enlisted in the First United States Cavalry, 
 August 15, 1S62, being then twenty 3-ears old. He 
 rapidl}' passed through the grades of Corporal, Ser- 
 geant, First Sergeant, and Regimental Sergeant 
 IMajor, and was given his commission as a Second 
 Lieutenant in the First United States Cavalry, Octo- 
 ber 31, 1863. He got another step in 1864, and re- 
 ceived his Captaincy April 8, 1869. Owing to the 
 unfortunate s^'stem of promotion of those days, he 
 did not get his majority until the 7th of February, 
 1 89 1, when he went to the Eighth Cavalry. After 
 seven j-ears in this grade he was promoted to be Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel of the Fifth Cavalry in 1898, and ar- 
 rived at his present grade Januar}' 23, 1900. 
 
 He has been brevetted three times : first, for gal- 
 lant and meritorious conduct during the battle of 
 Todd's Tavern, \'a. (^\'ilderness), where he was 
 wounded. He received the brevet rank of First Lieu- 
 tenant, May 6, 1864. He was brevetted Captain, Sep- 
 tember 19, 1864, for gallant conduct at the battle of 
 Winchester, and again he showed his braver}', win- 
 ning the brevet rank of Major for gallant services 
 against the Indians, 1877. During the Civil War he 
 served continuously with the Cavalier Corps, Army 
 of the Potomac, and as a First Lieutenant com- 
 manded six troops of the First United States Cav- 
 
156 
 
 airy in all the battles of General Sheridan's Shenan- 
 doah Valley Campaign, and althongh wonnded at 
 Cedar Creek, he did not leave the regiment. After 
 the war his service was in the Indian country, near 
 the Pacific Coast, from 1866 to 1SS4, first in Arizona, 
 afterwards taking part in Crook's Campaign in 1873, 
 and after outbreaks in 1881 and 18S2, again in the 
 Nez Perces Campaign in 1S77, and the Bannock 
 Campaign of 1878. 
 
 Colonel Carr has also been active in the thenret- 
 ical work of the Annv, being Assistant Instructor, 
 Department of Cavalry, at the Infantry and Cavalry 
 School, Fort Leavenworth, from 1885 to 1S91, when 
 he became head of the Department, which post he 
 held until 1894, when ordered to the Department of 
 the Columbia as Assistant Adjutant General. 
 
 In 1898 Colonel Carr first went to Huntsville, 
 Ala., in command of the Eighth Cavalry, and re- 
 mained there until he was made Lieutenant-Colonel 
 of the Fifth Cavalry, taking command of the regi- 
 ment and going with it to Porto Rico, where he com- 
 manded the greater part of the western end of the 
 Island for about seventeen months, with lieadquarters 
 at Mayaguez. 
 
 Upon receiving his promotion as Colonel of the 
 Fourth Cavalry, he left Porto Rico, and after a short 
 leave he joined his regiment in the Philippines, re- 
 turning in command August, 1901. 
 
 Colonel Carr was placed in command of the Cav- 
 alry and Field Artillery School of Application, Sep- 
 tember II, 1901, where he is now on dut}'. Promoted 
 Brigadier General, August 17, 1903. 
 
BRIGADIER GENERAL FRANCIS MARION DRAKE. 
 
159 
 
 Brieadier General FRA\XIS ^lARION DRAKE. 
 
 '^s 
 
 Was born in Rnshville, Illinois, December 30, 
 1830. He was the second son of John Adams Drake 
 and Harriet Jane (O'Neal) Drake, natives of Nash 
 County, North Carolina. 
 
 General Drake was of English descent, and 
 traced his family back to a brother of Sir Francis 
 Drake. He was also a descendant of the illustrious 
 Adams family. His father's family located in Iowa 
 in 1837, 3-nd General Drake resided in that State dur- 
 ing his life. 
 
 He received a good business education, and led 
 an active, successful business life. During the ex- 
 citement that followed the discovery of gold in Cali- 
 fornia, he crossed the plains twice with ox-trains, 
 taking with him a drove of cattle each time. He 
 was a " born leader of men," as shown by the fact 
 that the first time he crossed the plains — though but 
 twenty years old — he was made Captain of the train. 
 
 On the first trip, his command of men was attacked 
 b}' three hundred Pawnee Indians at the Crossing of 
 Shell Creek in Nebraska. He defeated them, inflict- 
 ing a severe loss. His own men escaped without in- 
 jury except to one, who was slightly wounded. As 
 he was returning home from bis second visit to Cali- 
 fornia, the Yankee Blade, on which he sailed, was 
 wrecked off Point Aquilla in the Pacific Ocean. The 
 ill-fated steamer was completely wrecked, and over 
 eight hundred of the passengers lost their lives. 
 
i6o 
 
 This occurred September 30, 1S54. He, witli other 
 survivors, was picked up from a barren rock five da^-s 
 later. 
 
 At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, he 
 enlisted and was commissioned Captain of a company' 
 which was organized, and entered Colonel Edwards' 
 Independent Iowa Regiment. Soon after joining this 
 regiment he was elected Major. On assuming com- 
 mand he was informed that the Confederates were 
 rapidly massing in northern Missouri. He deter- 
 mined to strike at once, and sent a messenger to his 
 superior officer announcing his decision. He set out 
 immediately and the enemy fled before him. He 
 served in this command during the critical times of 
 1 86 1, and saw the forces under General Patton driven 
 from the northern part of Missouri. 
 
 He was then assigned to the command of 
 St. Joseph, Mo. He held this position at the time of 
 Alulligan's surrender to Price at Lexington. Price, 
 flushed with victory, pressed on toward St. Joseph. 
 Major Drake had but a meagre force to resist him. 
 The cit}' contained many Southern sympathizers, 
 ready to report every movement. 
 
 Drake decided that strateg}- and vigorous action 
 were the onlj' things that would save him. With 
 nightfall he began to march and countermarch his 
 troops through the city. The early morning light 
 showed the rear guard marching from the city. The 
 morning paper came out with heav}- headlines, 
 " Drake heavil}' reinforced during tlie night. Ad- 
 vancing to attack Price." 
 
 The word was hurriedly carried to Price. In the 
 meantime Major Drake, at the head of three hundred 
 
i6i 
 
 Kansas Jayhawkers, his only mounted force, rode 
 rapidly forward, and attacked Price's advance guard 
 with inipetuosit}'. The enemy broke before them and 
 Price ordered a general retreat. 
 
 When the Thirty-sixth Iowa Infantry' was organ- 
 ized he was made Lieutenant-Colonel, and his name 
 stands conspicuous in the military history of the 
 three years' hard, efficient service which placed that 
 regiment among the distinguished Iowa regiments. 
 
 Colonel Drake took a prominent part in the cam- 
 paign of Steele from Little Rock to reinforce Banks 
 in Louisiana in 1864. His gallant defense at Elkins 
 Ford on the Little Missouri River was liighl}- com- 
 mended by his superior officers. With a detachment 
 of five hundred men he held his ground, although 
 hotly engaged for several hours, with IMarmaduke's 
 entire division numbering three thousand strong. 
 Soon after this engagement he was placed in com- 
 mand of a brigade. 
 
 On the 25th of April, 1864, at the bloody battle 
 of Mark's Mills, with a command of less than fifteen 
 hundred men, he fought the combined cavalry forces 
 of Kirb}' Smith, commanded by General Fagan. Dur- 
 ing this engagement he was severely wounded in the 
 left thigh and fell into the hands of the enemy. The 
 wound was pronounced mortal. The upper end of 
 the thigh bone was fractured by a Belgian ball weigh- 
 ing one and one-half ounces. The ball was cut into 
 several pieces by tlie sharp edges of bone. The 
 pieces of the ball were removed from diiTerent parts 
 of the body, except one drachm of lead, which was 
 buried in the bone at the point where it struck, and 
 remained until his death. 
 
l62 
 
 The genial disposition and personal naagnetism 
 that siirrounded him with warm personal friends 
 served him well in this strait. 
 
 Before the Civil War he had been engaged in the 
 mercantile business. His business called him fre- 
 quently to St. Louis to purchase goods. Among the 
 merchants of St. Louis was General Fagan, and he 
 and Drake came to be friends. 
 
 When General Fagan recognized in the wounded 
 Colonel his former friend, he was anxious to do any- 
 thing possible for his comfort. It was thought that 
 Drake's wound must necessaril}' prove fatal and he 
 was not held as a prisoner of war. 
 
 A few days later the Federals occupied the coiin- 
 try, and Colonel Drake was taken to Little Rock. 
 His condition was serioiis and he was sent to his 
 home. After confinement in bed for almost six 
 months, his wounds were sufficiently improved, and 
 he rejoined his command at Little Rock. This was 
 in October of 1864, and he was still unable to walk 
 except by aid of crutches. 
 
 He was soon after recommended for promotion 
 by the field and general officers. " On account of 
 special gallantrv and hard and efficient service," was 
 brevetted Brigadier General of United States Volun- 
 teers, and assigned to duty commensurate with his 
 rank. He relieved General Thayer at St. Charles ; 
 later commanded a brigade in the division of General 
 Shaler and the post at Duval's Bluff, Arkansas. He 
 was mustered out of service in September of 1865. 
 
 After the war. General Drake engaged in the 
 practice of law for about six years. During his prac- 
 tice of law he won for himself an extended reputation 
 as a criminal lawyer. 
 
■63 
 
 For almost thirt}- years he was engaged in the 
 railroad and banking business. During this time he 
 projected and built five railroads. He was President 
 of the Indiana, Illinois & Iowa and the Albia & Cen- 
 terville Railroad Companies. For years he was a 
 Director in the Keokuk & Western Railway. 
 
 He organized the Centerville National Bank and 
 was its President up to the time of his death. 
 
 On the loth of July, 1895, General Drake re- 
 ceived the nomination by the Republican party, and 
 at the following November election was elected Gov 
 ernor of the State of Iowa by an overwhelming ma- 
 jor it}^ 
 
 He was President of the Board of Trustees of 
 Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa — a University 
 which bears his name as its founder and most liberal 
 benefactor. 
 
 The exceptional generosity of his nature is 
 shown by the fact that although his own University 
 was the "apple of his eye," not a college nor a school 
 in the great State of Iowa solicited aid from him 
 without receiving a munificent contribution. He 
 contributed generously to churches and missionary 
 societies of ever}' name and creed. 
 
 His name stood for liberality in the various 
 branches of work carried on in the Christian church, 
 with which he stood prominently identified. 
 
 In the spirit of public enterprise and improve- 
 ment in his Town, County and State, he was a leader, 
 and one of the most liberal contributors. He was 
 kind-hearted, and a true friend to the poor and 
 afilicted. 
 
 Prior to his death he erected and presented to his 
 
164 
 
 home town, the cit}- of Centerville, Iowa, the Drake 
 Free Public Library Building, at a cost of $35,000. 
 
 General Drake was married December 24, 1S55, 
 to Mar}' Jane Lord, deceased June 22, 1883. To them 
 was born seven children, six of whom are now living. 
 
 The surviving members of the family are Frank 
 Ellsworth, John Adams, IMilla D. Shouts, Jennie D. 
 Sawyers, Eva D. Goss, and Mar}- Drake Sti:rdivant. 
 
 He died at his home in Centerville, Iowa, No- 
 vember 20, 1903, leaving a widespread sense of loss, 
 Avhich was evidenced by the attendance at his funeral 
 of people from all the various walks of life — the rich, 
 the poor, the old and the young, dignitaries of the 
 City, County, State and Nation — all there to sav a 
 last farewell to their friend. 
 
 His enduring moniiment is the memor}- he has 
 left in the hearts of his fellowmen, and an honored 
 name that will stand through generations. 
 
LIEUTENANT COMMANDER FREDERICK I. NAILE. 
 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
i67 
 
 Lieutenant Commander FREDERICK I. NAILE. 
 
 United Stales A^avy. 
 
 Was born in Pennsylvania, October ii, 1841, 
 and entered the Navy October 27, 1S59. He re- 
 mained at the Naval Academy until the breaking out 
 of the Civil War in 1S61, when he was assigned to 
 dnt}- on the first class frigate St. Lawrence. This 
 vessel was stationed off Charleston, and her resem- 
 blance, with her ports closed, to a merchant vessel 
 caused the Captain of the Petrel, a small privateering 
 Confederate craft of a few hundred tons, to undertake 
 a supposedly easy capture. A shot from the priva- 
 teer flving through the rigging of the St. Lawrence 
 brought a response from the latter which sent the 
 daring little Confederate ci^aft to the bottom. This 
 insignificant action was the first naval conflict of the 
 war, and was the baptismal fire of many obscure offi- 
 cers who were in the few succeeding years to become 
 heroes in a memorable war. After serving for many 
 months on the St. Lawrence, IMidshipman Naile was 
 transferred to the steamsloop of war Oneida, which 
 was stationed in the West Gulf Blockading Squadron, 
 off New Orleans, Galveston, etc. The Oneida took a 
 conspicuous part in the capture of New Orleans, ren- 
 dering efificient service in the attack on and passage 
 of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, and Chalmette bat- 
 teries. Subsequently the Oneida participated in the 
 bombardment of the defenses around \'icksburg, in 
 the course of which the vessel twice passed the bat- 
 teries. During this period IMidshipman Naile per- 
 
i6S 
 
 formed the duties of Lieutenant, and was liighl}- 
 commended by his superior officers for his gallant 
 and efficient conduct. On February 24, 1S63, he was 
 promoted to the grade of Ensign, and transferred to 
 the frigate Sabine, which vessel was assigned to the 
 dut}' of searching for the Confederate cruiser Ala- 
 bama. He was also for a time attached to the Mis- 
 sissippi Squadron, rendering exceptionally valuable 
 service as a Signal Officer. He participated in the 
 Red River exj^edition, and in the expedition which 
 operated on the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers in 
 the attack on and defeat of the Confederate forces 
 i;nder General Hood. Having received his promotion 
 to the grade of Lieutenant, he was given his first 
 command, the first being the Black Hawk, and later 
 the Tempest. As a commanding officer he displaA'ed 
 exceptional executive ability, and rendered effective 
 service. After the clo.se of the war he was, in 1866, 
 given command of the steamer Chattanooga, having 
 received his commission as Lieutenant Commander 
 on July 25, 1866. His subsequent commands were 
 the steamer Lenape, of the x\tlantic Squadron, 1S66- 
 67, and the steamer Penobscot, of the same Squadron, 
 in 1868-69. He was on duty as Assistant Signal 
 Officer in Washington in 1S69 and 1870. Com- 
 mander Naile's services during the War of the Re- 
 bellion and since were characterized by unusual zeal 
 and ability, and as a testimonial to his bravery he 
 was twice wounded in action. On January 18, 1871, 
 he was placed on the retired list on account of " phy- 
 sical disability caused by exposure on duty." 
 
BRIGADIER GENERAL JOSEPH P. 
 UNITED STATES ARMY. 
 
 FARLEY. 
 
lyi 
 
 Brigadier General JOvSEPH P. FARLEY. 
 
 United States Army. 
 
 Was born March 2, 1S39. His niilitarv career 
 began at the West Point Military Academy, Jnly i, 
 1S57, to which institution he was appointed a Cadet at 
 large by the President. He was graduated June 24, 
 1861, and on the same date appointed Second Lieu- 
 tenant in the Second Artiller}'. His first active dut}' 
 was as an Aide on the staff of the commanding Gen- 
 eral in the defenses of Washington, July to October, 
 1S61, and with Battery A of his regiment. On Oc- 
 tober 24, 1861, he was transferred to the Oi'dnance 
 Corps, and was on duty at Watertown Arsenal, 
 Massachusetts, from November i, 1861, to June 10, 
 1S63. During this period he also acted as Assistant 
 Inspector at the South Boston and other gun fac- 
 tories. He was commissioned First Lieutenant of 
 Ordnance, March 3, 1S63, and his skill in this branch 
 of the service led to his selection as one of the officers 
 to conduct the operations against Charleston, S. C. 
 During that memorable siege he frequently rendered 
 valuable service in command of artillerv batteries, 
 volunteering out of the line of his duty, and being 
 speciall}- commended in geneial orders for his zeal, 
 ability, example and gallant conduct. His ser- 
 vices in this regard were notabl_v conspicuous in 
 the descent upon Morris Island, Juh' 10, 1863, and 
 the bombardment of Fort AVayne, July iS following. 
 Lieutenant Farley was transferred to the charge of 
 
172 
 
 the Ordnance Depot at Hilton Head, S. C, July 23, 
 
 1563, and remained on this dut}- until February 16, 
 
 1564. From February 23 to August 27, 1S64, he was 
 Assistant Ordnance Officer at the Allegheny Arsenal, 
 Allegheny, Pennsylvania, and from September 4 of 
 the same year until March 12, 1S65, he was in com- 
 mand of the Ordnance Depot at City Point, \'irginia. 
 The importance of this position will be realized when 
 it is understood that from this depot was furnished 
 all the ordnance supplies to the armies operating 
 around Richmond and Petersburg. For the conspic- 
 uous ability with which he discharged his onerous 
 duties at this post, he was brevetted a Captain, 
 March 13, 1S65, receiving his regular promotion to 
 that grade April 6, 1866. 
 
 Upon the termination of hostilities he received 
 the appointment of Principal Assistant Professor of 
 Drawing at the Military Acadeni}-, remaining there 
 until Julv I, 1S66, when he was assigned to duty as 
 Assistant Ordnance Officer at the Washington Ar- 
 senal. From the conclusion of his services at this 
 arsenal, October 20, 1S6S, to April 16, 1883, he was 
 on duty for various periods at all the arsenals of the 
 country. 
 
 March 26, 1876, Captain Farley was advanced to 
 the grade of Major, and at the same time he was 
 made a member of the Statutory Board (appointed by 
 the President) to select a magazine gun for the United 
 States service. Following this duty came in their 
 order the following duties : President of the Board 
 for the. examination of Officers for transfer to the 
 Ordnance Department ; commanding and construct- 
 ing the United States Powder Depot at Dover, New 
 
173 
 
 Jersey ; member of the Board to examine Ordnance 
 Officers for promotion ; member of Statutory Board 
 for the testing of rifled cannon ; member of the 
 Ordnance Board stationed at New York Arsenal ; In- 
 spector of ordnance material and of pneumatic dyna- 
 mite guns, and construction of batteries for the same 
 at Sandy Hook, New Jersey, Fort Schuyler, New 
 York, and at Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, Massa- 
 chusetts ; in command of Frankford Arsenal, Penn- 
 sylvania ; member of Statutor}^ Board on magazine 
 arms ; member of Board on details for construction 
 of magazine rifles and carbines ; commanding Alle- 
 gheny Arsenal, Pennsylvania ; at Rock Island Ar- 
 senal, Illinois, organizing leather work on equipments 
 at the Allegheny Arsenal ; Inspector of ordnance ma- 
 terial at the foundries and factories at Pittsburg, 
 Pennsylvania; command of Watervliet Arsenal, New 
 York. On Juh' 7, 1S9S, he was promoted to the 
 grade of Colonel, and was President of the Board for 
 the test of rifled cannon from June 20, 1899, to Feb- 
 ruary 17, 1903, and also President of the Board for 
 the examination of Ordnance Officers for promotion 
 from Janiiary 24, 1901, to January i, 1903. He was 
 made a Brigadier General on February 17, 1903, and 
 retired on his own application February 18, 1903, 
 after forty-six years' service, within tweh'e da3'S of 
 statutor}- age limit. 
 
 Brigadier General William Crozier, under date 
 of February 18, 1898, said : " In transmitting the 
 information of your retirement from the service which 
 has so long benefited by your activity- therein, the 
 Chief of Ordnance desires to express his sense of the 
 high example which your service has afforded to all 
 
the officers of the Department who have had the op- 
 portunity of observing it, and to testif}' his satisfac- 
 tion at the appreciation which has been shown thereof 
 in the new dignit}- which has been worthily conferred 
 upon you upon the approach of the statutor}' date of 
 3'our retirement." 
 
 Few officers in the service have received higher 
 testimonials than the following : IMajor General T. 
 Seymour, in speaking of General Farley's services 
 during the war, said : " He was one of the most ac- 
 tive, intelligent and useful of ni}- assistants and ad- 
 visers ; was alwa3"S ready for any labor, however toil- 
 some and disagreeable, and assuredly the duty of the 
 Artillerist and Ordnance Officer on Folly and AI orris 
 Island during that eventful summer was exceedingly 
 trying. He was patient and persevering under unus- 
 ual difficulties ; he was, in fact, one of the compara- 
 tively few of whom when charged with the accom- 
 plishment of any special duty, I was absolutel\- sure 
 it would be conducted skillfully to its desired end." 
 Referring to a commendatory letter from General 
 Grant, General Sej-mour said : " My own commenda- 
 tioas are of little value in comparison, but they are 
 the expressions of a profound appreciation of all that 
 can confer honor and distinction upon one of the most 
 worthy young officers I knew during the war." The 
 following are the words addressed to Lieutenant Far- 
 ley by General Grant from the headquarters of the 
 Army at Washington, November 22, 1865: "I take 
 pleasure in testifying to your efficiency as an Ord- 
 nance Officer while serving in the Armies operating 
 against Richmond. During the time you were in 
 charge of the extensive and very important Ordnance 
 
'75 
 
 Depot at City Point, \"a., your duties were performed 
 to luy perfect satisfaction, and, as far as niv official 
 and personal knowledge extend, to the perfect satis- 
 faction of the Armies you supplied." 
 
 General Farley is descended from good military- 
 stock, his grandfather, Captain John Farley, having 
 served in the Artillery Corps from 1812 to 182 1, and 
 his father, Captain John Farley, having been a mem- 
 ber of the First Regiment of United States Artillery. 
 
 General Farley has been a prolific writer on mil- 
 itary' subjects, among his contributions being: "West 
 Point in the Early Sixties ;" articles in the United 
 Service Institution Journal, entitled " Small Arms 
 and Ammixnition," '' Facts Relating to High Explo- 
 sives and Smokeless Powders," " Chemistry of Ex- 
 plosives " (brief of Monroe's lectures), "Era of Iron- 
 clad Warfare and Protracted Defense of Fort Sumter," 
 and " Field Artillery," a historical resume. To the 
 United Service Journal he contributed : " West Point 
 — Her Sins," "Discipline — Readiness," "Sport on 
 the Skirmish Line." He is also the author of vari- 
 ous professional papers published by the War De- 
 partment, including a full history of the construction 
 of the sixteen-inch breech loading rifle. 
 
:76 
 
 Colonel TATTNALL PAULDING. 
 
 A centurj- and more ago the name of Paulding 
 became famous in American history through the cap- 
 ture by John Paulding and two companions of Major 
 Andre, of the British Army, on his wa^- from West 
 Point to New York, after his interview with the 
 traitor, Benedict Arnold. It is a matter of history 
 how Major Andre failed in his attempt to bribe his 
 stanchh' patriotic captors, and how he was tried, 
 convicted and executed as a spy. His son rose to dis- 
 tinction as Rear-Admiral Paulding, of the United 
 States Navy. Colonel Tattnall Paulding, the son of 
 the latter, is a native of the State of New York, 
 where he was born in the year 1S40. 
 
 In April, 1S61, at the outbreak of the Civil War, 
 when about twenty-one j-ears of age, Air. Paulding 
 enlisted in the ranks of the Seventh Regiment of 
 New York, and went with it into active service. He 
 remained with that regiment only until May 14 fol- 
 lowing, when he received the appointment of Lieu- 
 tenant in the Sixth United States regular cavalry, 
 with which command he served through the war, par- 
 ticipating in the various memorable battles of the 
 Arni}' of the Potomac. On the third day of the hotly- 
 contested battle of Gettysburg, he was made prisoner 
 by the eneni}-, and passed nine months of bitter ex- 
 perience in Libb}- Prison, at Richmond. Upon his 
 liberation he rejoined his regiment, and continued in 
 active service until Jul}-, 1866, when he resigned, 
 
COLONEL TATTNALL PAULDING. 
 
179 
 
 having in the meantime been promoted through the 
 various grades up to that of Lieutenant-Colonel, by 
 brevet, for gallant services. 
 
 After leaving the Army, Colonel Paulding lo- 
 cated in the city of Philadelphia — his father being at 
 that time Governor of the Naval Home in that city — 
 and entered upon the study of the law, which he soon 
 relinquished in order to undertake more active busi- 
 ness. In 1870 he commenced the fire insurance bus- 
 iness as an agent and broker, becoming a member of 
 the firm of Carstairs & Paulding, then well-known 
 fire underwriters in Philadelphia. This firm subse- 
 quently became Carstairs, Paulding & Beckwith. In 
 1S71 he became the Philadelphia agent and represen- 
 tative of the Commercial Union, of England, which 
 then first extended its business to this city, and sub- 
 sequently of the London & Lancashire Company, of 
 Liverpool, and other offices of high standing at home 
 and abroad. In all these companies ]Mr. Paulding en- 
 joyed the fullest confidence of the home officers, and 
 worked eihciently in the development of their busi- 
 ness. He was a particularly' successful underwriter 
 in the various fields assigned to his guidance bv his 
 companies, his success arising alike from his practi- 
 cal experience and from his close study of the princi- 
 ples of the biisiness, which made him thoroughly 
 familiar with its theory ; in a word, he took pride in 
 his profession, and worked therein with earnest en- 
 ergy and intelligence. 
 
 It was doubtless this devotion to, and his evident 
 mastery of, the science of his chosen profession, as 
 well as his sterling character and recognized ability, 
 that attracted to Colonel Paulding the attention of 
 
I So 
 
 the directors of tlie old Delaware ]\Iutual Safet}- In- 
 surance Company, when in 1889-90 a radical change 
 was contemplated, not onh' in the name, but in the 
 old-time methods of business of that institution, and 
 a competent person was sought to carry the proposed 
 changes to a definite completion, and place the Dela- 
 ware on an eqiiality with its confreres of the city in 
 which it dwelt. Colonel Paulding was selected as the 
 man who could pilot the company safely through its 
 troubles, and the presidency was tendered to and ac- 
 cepted by him. He at once entered upon the onerous 
 duties imposed by the high position occupied by him, 
 and the confidence of the directors has been fully 
 warranted by their president's devotion to tlie inter- 
 ests confided to his keeping. 
 
CAPTAIN RICHARD WAINWRIGHT. 
 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
i83 
 
 Captain RICHARD WAINWRIGHT. 
 
 United States Navy. 
 
 Well-known as the executive officer of the ill- 
 fated Maine, was born at Washington, D. C, in i<S49, 
 the son of Commander Richard Wainwright, who 
 died on the Mississippi in 1S62 while in command of 
 Farragut's flagship, the Hartford. He entered the 
 Naval Academy at Annapolis on the 2Sth of Septem- 
 ber, 1S64, and graduated in 1S6S, his first service be- 
 ing as midshipman on the Jamestown, of the Pacific 
 fleet, in iS6S-6g. In the latter year he was promo- 
 ted to the grade of ensign, and in 1870 was on duty 
 in the Hydrographic Office at Washington. Pro- 
 moted to master in 1S70, he was ordered to the Colo- 
 rado, the flagship of the Asiatic fleet, remaining on 
 duty at this station till 1S72. His next promotion 
 came in 1873, when he was commissioned lieutenant, 
 and returned to the Hydrographic Office, where he 
 was busily occupied till 1S74. In 1875 he was placed 
 in command of the Arago, engaged in the coast sur- 
 vey, and after three years of this important service 
 was sent again to the Pacific as flag-lieutenant to 
 Rear-Admiral T. H. Patterson, then in command of 
 the Asiatic station. 
 
 lyieutenant Wainwright was recalled home in 
 1 88 1, and was occupied on special duty in the Bureau 
 of Navigation till 1SS4, when he was ordered to the 
 Tennessee, of the North Atlantic Squadron, and in 
 18S5 became secretary to Rear-Adrairal J. E. Jouett, 
 
1 84 
 
 commanding this Squadron. His subsequent duties 
 were with the Galena, of the North Atlantic Squad- 
 ron, 1SS6-87 ; on the Steel Inspection Service, 1887- 
 88; at the Naval Academy, 1888-90; in special ser- 
 vice in the Alert, 1890-93, and in the Hydrographic 
 Office from October, 1893, to 1896. During this 
 period, in September, 1894, he was commissioned 
 lieutenant-commander; from 1896 to 1897, he was 
 the chief intelligence officer; and in December, 1897, 
 became executive officer of the battleship Maine, then 
 under the command of Captain Sigsbee. 
 
 Wainwright's service in the Maine was an excit- 
 ing one. The United States and Spain were at that 
 time in controversy concerning the horrors of Spanish 
 rule in Cuba, and as the safety of American residents 
 in Havana seemed imperilled b}' the riotous spirit of 
 the inhabitants, the Maine was ordered from Key 
 West to Havana harbor in the last week of January, 
 1 898. The visit was ostensibl}- a friendly one, but 
 the Spaniards of Havana looked on their ironclad 
 visitor with doubt and hostilit}-, and on the evening 
 of Februar}' 15, while the men were in their quarters 
 and the captain and executive officers in their cabins, 
 the ship was blown up by a frightful explosion, that 
 rent the vessel asunder and killed most of the crew. 
 Captain Sigsbee and Lieutenant-Commander Wain- 
 wright, with nearl}- all the other officers, escaped. 
 
 The succeeding events are so well-known as 
 scarcely to need telling. Indignation in the United 
 States was intense and the feeling strongly warlike. 
 A Court of Inquiry was convened in which Wain- 
 wright was concerned, and a decision rendered that 
 the Maine had been destro3'ed by an explosion from 
 
1 85 
 
 the outside, presumably by a submarine mine. War 
 was now inevitable, and Lieutenant-Commander 
 Wainwriglit took part in it as commander of the 
 Gloucester, to which he was appointed in May. The 
 Gloucester was a steam yacht which had been con- 
 verted for the war into a gunboat, and formed a minor 
 part of Admiral Sampson's fleet during the blockade 
 of Santiago, in which its gallant commander was nat- 
 urally eager for an opportunity to avenge the Maine. 
 The opportunit}- came on that notable 3d of Jul}', 
 1S9S, when Admiral Cervera's Squadron of four fine 
 cruisers and two torpedo boats came dashing from 
 Santiago harbor and made a wild break for freedom. 
 The little Gloucester apparently was unfit to take 
 part in the conflict that followed, but the gallant 
 Wainwriglit was not of this opinion. After the 
 cruisers came the two torpedo-boat-destroyers, and at 
 these the Gloucester was boldly driven, reckless of 
 the death-dealing weapons they bore. So dri\ing was 
 the attack, so crushing the fire which Wainwright 
 poured upon them, that both boats quickly went to the 
 bottom carrying with them more than a hundred of 
 their men. This bold work completed, Wainwright 
 turned the prow of the Gloucester down the coast, and 
 was the first to reach the Infanta Maria Teresa, Ad- 
 miral Cervera's flagship, shortly after the hot fire of 
 its pursuers had driven it ashore. In this way it hap- 
 pened that the commander of the little Gloucester 
 had the honor to accept the surrender of the Spanish 
 Admiral. As the crest-fallen Spaniard stepped on 
 board the Gloucester, Wainwright cordiall}' saluted 
 him and grasped his hand, saying : " I congratulate 
 you. Admiral Cervera, upon as gallant a fight as was 
 
1 86 
 
 ever made upon the sea." He then placed his cabin 
 at the service of Cervera and his officers, supplied 
 him with much-needed clothing, and bade his surgeon 
 dress the wounds of those who were hurt. In this 
 humane way was the Maine revenged. 
 
 After this stirring event, which practically ended 
 the naval history of the war, Wainwright continued 
 in command of the Gloucester till November i, when 
 he was assigned to duty at the Naval Academy, of 
 which he was appointed superintendent, March 15, 
 1900, remaining in this post till 1902. He was pro- 
 moted to the rank of commander, March 3, 1S99, and 
 of captain, August 10, 1903. Since 1902 he has 
 been in command of the cruiser Newark. 
 
BREVET MAJOR JOSEPH ASHBROOK. 
 
 UNITED STATES VOLUNTEERS. 
 
iS9 
 
 Brevet Major JOSEPH ASHBROOK. 
 
 United States I'oluiiteers. 
 
 Was born in Philadelphia in 1840, and on Aug- 
 iist 4, 1862, enlisted as a Sergeant in the One Hnn- 
 dred and Eighteenth Pennsylvania Infantry. This 
 regiment was soon hnrried to the front for the de- 
 fence of Washington, was attached to the Fifth Corps 
 of the Arnij' of the Potomac, and in less than a 
 month had snffered heavily in an action at Sliepherds- 
 town, \"irginia, September 20, 1S62, where Sergeant 
 Ashbrook was desperately wounded. Rejoining his 
 regiment before he had fnllv recovered from his 
 wounds, he served in tlie Chancellorsville Campaign, 
 but was invalided in consequence, and ordered to the 
 Baltimore Hospital. Commissioned Second Lieuten- 
 ant, to date from March 2b, 1863, he again rejoined 
 his regiment, and served in the Mine Run Campaign. 
 On June 6, 1S64, he was promoted to the grade of 
 First Lieutenant, and on November S, 1S64, to that 
 of Captain, participating in all of the engagements 
 incident to Grant's approach on Richmond and the 
 siege of Petersburg. He served on the stafT of Gen- 
 eral Bartlett, commanding the Third Brigade, and 
 subsequently as Ordnance (JfScer on the staff of Gen- 
 eral Grififin, commanding the First Division, Fifth 
 Ami}' Corps, and in this capacity was detailed to re- 
 ceive the arms and ammunition surrendered by the 
 Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court 
 House in April, 1S65. He was brevetted Major 
 
igo 
 
 United States Volunteers, July 6, 1864, "for gallant 
 and distinguished services at the battles of the Wil- 
 derness and Bethesda Church, and during the present 
 campaign before Richmond, Virginia." 
 
 Entering the Arm}- a mere boy, Major Ashbrook 
 not onl}' won distinction by his bravery and effi- 
 cienc}^, but gained to a very unusual extent the es- 
 teem and confidence of the officers and men of his 
 regiment as a man of high principle and unswerving 
 devotion to duty. Singularly modest and retiring in 
 his disposition, he nevertheless made his influence 
 felt upon the 7Horalc of his regiment b}- his example 
 of devotion to his ideal of the soldier. He was 
 equally efl&cient when leading his men vmder fire and 
 when called on during a critical part of a campaign 
 to act as Ordnance Officer of the Fifth Corps. 
 
 He is Manager of the Insurance Department of 
 the Provident Life & Trust Company, one of the 
 foremost financial institutions of Philadelphia, hav- 
 ing connected himself with the conipau}- shorth' after 
 the close of the war. Regarded as one of the ablest 
 of American life underwriters, he has throughout 
 the countr}' the reputation of standing for all that is 
 honest and best in his profession. 
 
BREVET BRIGADIER-GENERAL JOHN P. S. 
 UNITED STATES VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 GOBIN. 
 
 I 
 
193 
 
 Brevet Brigadier-General JOHN P. S. GOBIN. 
 
 United States I'oluntcers. 
 
 Named for his grandfather, Rev. John Peter 
 Shindel, was born January 26, 1837, at Snnbnry, 
 Pennsylvania. On the paternal side he descended 
 from good old Revolutionary stock, his great-grand- 
 father, Charles Gobin, being Captain in one of the 
 Berks Count}' Associated Battalions during the 
 struggle for Independence, serving in the Jersey 
 Campaign, and in the summer of 17S0 on active duty 
 on the frontiers of Pennsylvania. His grandfather, 
 Edward Gobin, was a soldier in the War of 181 2-14. 
 General John P. S. Gobin received an academic edu- 
 cation, learned the art of printing, and was admitted 
 to the Northumberland County bar in 1858. When 
 the Civil War threatened, before the firing upon 
 Sumter, he tendered his services to Governor Curtin, 
 was accepted, and on returning to Sunbur}- com- 
 menced the organization of what eventually was Com- 
 pany F, Eleventh Pennsylvania, being commissioned 
 First Lieutenant. His companj^ participated in the 
 first fight at Falling Waters, and volunteered to re- 
 main in the service at the request of General Patter- 
 son. After the expiration of the three months' cam- 
 paign he reorganized the companj-, and September 2, 
 1 86 1, was mustered in as Captain of Companj- C, 
 Forty-seventh Regiment. This command first served 
 in Smith's Division of the Army of the Potomac, but 
 in January, 1862, was ordered to Florida, and the regi- 
 
194 
 
 ment garrisoned Fort Taylor on the Island of Key 
 West, and Fort Jefferson at the Dry Tortugas. Sub- 
 sequently it went on an expedition up St. John's 
 River, seizing Jacksonville and the fort at St. John's 
 Bluff. It may be here mentioned that the Forty- 
 seventh captured the Governor Milton, a war steamer, 
 near Palatka — the only steamer taken by Infantry 
 during the Rebellion. In the summer of 1S62 the 
 regiment was sent to Hilton Head, S. C, to assist in 
 the attack on the approaches to Charleston, and par- 
 ticipated in the battle of Pocotaligo. In the report of 
 Brigadier-General Brannan, commanding the Depart- 
 ment of the South, referring to Captain Gobin and 
 others by name, in connection with that action, occurs 
 the following : " I have great pleasure, on the recom- 
 mendation of their respective commanders, in bring- 
 ing to the favorable consideration of the Department 
 the following officers and men who rendered them- 
 selves specially worthy of notice by their bravery and 
 praiseworthy conduct during the entire expedition, 
 and the engagements attending it." It returned to 
 Key West, and again to Hilton Head to assist in the 
 operations in that localitj'. Returned to Key West 
 in the summer of 1863. In the autumn of the fore- 
 going 3-ear the Fortj'-seventh was the first regiment 
 which re-enlisted iinder the so-called Veteran order. 
 Subseciuentl}- the command participated in Red River 
 Expedition. At the battle of Pleasant Hill, Captain 
 Gobin was especially commended for braver}- by Gen- 
 eral J. W. McMillan, who recommended him to Gov- 
 ernor Curtin for promotion. For services rendered 
 in that campaign he was detailed by General Banks 
 to conduct all the prisoners captured on the Expedi- 
 
195 
 
 tion to New Orleans. In Jul}-, 1S64, the regiment 
 came North, and joined General Sheridan in the 
 Shenandoah Valle}'. Promoted to the majority. Ma- 
 jor Gobin participated in that famous campaign and 
 the battle of Cedar Creek. JNIajor-General McAIillan, 
 commanding the First Division of that Corps, wrote 
 Governor Curtin, commending Colonel Gobin's con- 
 duct. In 1865 Hancock's Veteran Corps was organ- 
 ized, and the Fortv-seventh was assigned to it. Major 
 Gobin having been promoted November 4, 1864, 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, and Januar_y 3, 1865, Colonel of 
 the :-egiment. When the spring campaign opened, 
 Colonel Gobin, having been brevetted Brigadier-Gen- 
 eral, rvlarch 13, 1865, was placed in command of the 
 Second Brigade, First Division, of the Nineteenth 
 Army Corps, co-operating with Grant, heading for 
 Lyncliburg, where he received news of Lee's surren- 
 der, and the force returned. On the dav of the 
 assassination of President Lincoln tlie}' were ordered 
 to Washington, and a picket, or rather skirmish-line, 
 was thrown around the entire city. The Forty-sev- 
 enth participated in the grand review, and after it 
 was over the regiment was again sent South. Or- 
 dered at first to Savannah, subsequently to Charleston, 
 General Gobin was placed in command of that citv, 
 and at the same time made Provost Judge. All the 
 courts having been suspended, he was the onl}- judi- 
 cial officer in that city during the reconstruction 
 period, and the regiment was finallj- discharged Jan- 
 uary 9, 1866. Returning home, General Gobin re- 
 sumed the practice of the law at Lebanon. He is 
 now Brigadier-General of the N. G. of Pennsylvania, 
 a member of the G. A. R., the Loyal Legion, Grand 
 
196 
 
 Master of the Grand Encampment of Knights Tem- 
 plar of the United States, and a prominent member 
 of the State Senate. 
 
 In the war with Spain he served as Brigadier- 
 General of the United States A'olunteers ; was elected 
 in 1898 Lieutenant-Governor of Pennsylvania. Dur- 
 ing the coal strike in 1902 he commanded the Penn- 
 sylvania National Guard. He was Commander-in- 
 Chief G. A. R. from 1S97 to 189S, 
 
LIEUTENANT-COLONEL LEVI BIRD DUFF. 
 UNITED STATES VOLUNTEERS. 
 
199 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel LEVI BIRD DUFF. 
 
 United States I 'ohniteers. 
 
 Was born near Saulsburg, Himtingdon County, 
 Pennsylvania, I3tli September, 1S37, of Pennsylvania 
 parents. His father, Samuel Duff, was born at 
 Perkiomen Bridge, Montgomery County, and his 
 mother, Catherine Eckeberger, in Huntingdon. 
 
 He was educated at Eldersridge Academy and 
 Allegheu}- College, graduating from the latter in 
 June, 1857. He studied law in Pittsburg and was 
 admitted to the bar in April, i860. May i, 1861, he 
 enlisted in Company A, Ninth Regiment, Pennsyl- 
 vania Reserve Corps, and was mustered into the 
 United States service at Washington, July 26, 1S61, 
 as Corporal. The regiment was engaged at Dranes- 
 ville, December 20, 1861, and the Commanding Gen- 
 eral Ord recommended a number of officers and 
 privates " for reward for gallant conduct " in the 
 engagement, among whom was Corporal Duff". 
 
 Februar}' 6, 1S62, j\Ir. Duff' was appointed Cap- 
 tain of Company D, One Hundred and Fifth Regi- 
 ment Pennsylvania Volunteers, then in Heintzelman's 
 Division of the Army of the Potomac, subsequently 
 the First Division of the Third Army Corps. Cap- 
 tain Duff had command of his company driring the 
 siege of Yorktown and at the battles of Williams- 
 burg and Fair Oaks (or Seven Pines), where he was 
 severely wounded in the right chest by a musket ball 
 which passed through his right lung. 
 
 On recovering from his wound he rejoined his 
 
200 
 
 regiment at Harrison's Landing, August i6, 1862. 
 The Division was ordered to join General Pope, and 
 -when General Jackson captured Manassas Junction, 
 Captain Duff with his company was guarding the 
 railroad at Catlett's Station. He joined General 
 Hooker in the pursiiit of Jackson, and was engaged 
 at Kettle Run, August 25, 1S62. He rejoined his 
 own regiment and was engaged at Bull Run, x'lug- 
 ust 29 and 30, and at Chantilly, September i, where 
 General Kearne\-, commanding Division, was killed. 
 During the Antietam Campaign the Division lay in 
 front of Washington, but joined the Army on the 
 march to the Rappahannock. Captain Duff com- 
 manded his company during this march and at the 
 battle of Fredericksburg, 13th December, 1862. 
 
 In March, 1863, he was appointed Acting Assis- 
 tant Inspector-General of the First Brigade, First 
 Division, Third Corps. He served on the staff at 
 Chancellorsville, and General Birney, commanding 
 Division, said he was " proud of the conduct displayed 
 by Captain Duff on that field of battle." 
 
 May 4, 1863, he was promoted to Major of his 
 regiment, and May 11 he was appointed Acting As- 
 sistant Inspector-General of the Third Division, 
 Third Corps ; and June 26 appointed Acting Assis- 
 tant Inspector-General of the First Division, Third 
 Corps. He served on the staff at Gettysburg and in 
 the Campaign to the Rappahannock, including the 
 affair at Manassas Gap, July 24, 1863. 
 
 In November, 1863, he was placed in command 
 of the One Hundred and Tenth Regiment Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteers, which he commanded in the Mine 
 Run Campaign, and until December 21. 
 
201 
 
 April 9, 1864, he was appointed Acting Assistant 
 Inspector-General of the First Division, Third Corps, 
 then the Third Division of the Second Corps. He 
 served on the staff at the Wilderness, and was then, 
 at his own request, returned to his regiment. He 
 commanded his own regiment and the Sixty-third 
 Pennsvlvania Volunteers, which was added to his own 
 for field service, from May 8 iintil June 18, and was 
 engaged at Po River, Spottsylvania Court House, 
 North Anna, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, and the first 
 assaults on Petersburg. June 18, in an assault on 
 Petersburg, commonly called by the soldiers the 
 " Hare-House slaughter," he was wounded, with loss 
 of his right leg. 
 
 May 18, 1864, he was appointed Lieutenant-Col- 
 onel of his regiment. October 25, being disabled for 
 field dut}-, he was, at his own request, discharged 
 from the service. He returned to Pittsburg and re- 
 sumed the practice of his profession. In 1865 he was 
 elected District Attorney of .Alleghenv County, and 
 held the office three j-ears. 
 
 In a letter dated August 31, i'"'64. General Bir- 
 ney. Commander of the Tenth Corps, says, " It gives 
 me pleasure to state that I have alwavs regarded 
 Major Duff as one of the best soldiers and most effi- 
 cient officers in my former command, the Third Di- 
 vision, Second Ami}- Corps." 
 
 Colonel Duff' was married July 21, 1862, to Har- 
 riet H. Nixon, who died Jul}- 13, 1877. He was again 
 married January 16, 1882, to Agnes F. Kaufman. 
 Two sons, children of the first wife — Samuel Ecke- 
 berger and Hezekiah Nixon — are living. He is a 
 member of the Pennsvlvania Commanderv of the 
 Military Order of the Loval Legion. 
 
202 
 
 Major General LEONARD WOOD. 
 
 United States Army. 
 
 Was born at Winchester, New Hampshire, Oc- 
 tober 9, iS6o. His father was Dr. Charles Jewett 
 Wood, a man of brilliant attainments, sturdy individ- 
 uality and great physical energy. In iSSo Leonard 
 Wood entered the Harvard Medical School, where he 
 completed his course in medicine. In 1SS5, in a class 
 of fifty-nine, he passed second in a competiti\'e exam- 
 ination for admission as a surgeon in the Army. As 
 there were no vacancies at that time, he accepted a 
 contract position, which he held until he was commis- 
 sioned, January 5, 1886. 
 
 President Roosevelt, who knows General Wood 
 as well, perhaps, as any one, said recentl}- of him : 
 " No soldier could outwalk him, could live with 
 greater indifference on hard or scanty fare, could en- 
 dure hardships better or do better without sleep." 
 The remarkable fortitude and indomitable courage of 
 the man have been shown many times, but perhaps 
 never more plainly than during that famous Indian 
 Campaign of 18S5, which ended in the capture of 
 Geronimo, the famous Apache chief. Of thirty 
 picked frontiersmen who started out in July, 1S85, 
 only fourteen lasted to the end, and only two of these 
 were officers — one of the latter being Wood. For his 
 gallantr}^ during this Campaign he was recommended 
 to Congress for a medal of honor, which he later re- 
 ceived. In 1887 Wood went to Los Angeles as one 
 of the staff surgeons — a reward for his gallant ser- 
 
MAJOR GENERAL LEONARD WOOD. 
 UNITED STATES ARMY. 
 
205 
 
 vices in Mexico. In iSSS he served with the Tenth 
 Cavalry during the Kid outbreak in New Mexico, 
 and later was engaged in the work of heliographic 
 survey of Arizona. He married in 1S90 Louise A. 
 Condit Smith, a niece of U. S. Justice Field. Gen- 
 eral Wood was ordered to duty in Washington in 
 1S95, and became a frequent visitor to President 
 Cleveland and family. When the administration 
 changed and President McKinley came into power, 
 Dr. Bates of the Navy was, until his death, attending 
 physician at the White House. In the fall of 1S97 
 Wood received a summons from the President, and 
 from that time forward he was the regiilar medical 
 adviser to IMr. and Mrs. McKinley, as he was already 
 attendant on General Alger, the Secretar}^ of War. 
 
 In the spring of 1S98 came the talk of war with 
 Spain. Both Wood and Roosevelt were fired at once 
 with the prospect. Wood's keenest ambition had al- 
 ways been to get into the line of the Army and see 
 active service. He was a tried and experienced 
 soldier, a man of acknowledged judgment and per- 
 sonal force. The President believed in him and in 
 Roosevelt ; they were, indeed, his personal friends, 
 he called them the " w-ar party," and when Wood 
 came in of a morning he would ask, " Have you and 
 Theodore declared war yet?" It was inevitable that 
 the}' should go into the fight. They first planned to 
 raise regiments in their respective States, Roosevelt 
 in New York and Wood in Massachusetts. This, 
 however, was likely to be attended by much red tape 
 and not a little delay — things that neither of the men 
 could brook. It was perfectly natural, therefore, that 
 they should seize upon the idea of a regiment such as 
 
2o6 
 
 the Rough Riders — an idea suggested by Senator 
 Warren. Wood had himself been a rough rider ; he 
 knew intimately every phase of the service, and he 
 felt that it was the dash and boldness of attack of an 
 Indian Campaign that would avail most in the jun- 
 gles of Cuba. Roosevelt was offered the colonelcy, 
 with authorit}' to recruit such a regiment, but de- 
 clined it, and said that he would accept the lieuten- 
 ant-colonelcy if Wood was appointed colonel. The 
 Secretary- of War approved, and Wood was commis- 
 sioned to raise the regiment. General Alger, indeed, 
 gave Wood a desk in the corner of his ofiEce. " Now, 
 don't let me hear from you again," he said, " until 
 your regiment is raised." 
 
 It is unnecessary here to repeat the familiar 
 story of the Rough Riders. Within twentv-one da3's 
 from the time permission was given to begin the re- 
 cruiting, the famous regiment was ready to march. 
 And not the least of the task which confronted Wood 
 and Roosevelt was the selection of 1,200 rough riders 
 from 23,000 applicants, from every part of the Union. 
 Never before had there been such a record in military 
 organization. 
 
 In the battle of Las Guasimas Wood was the 
 same stead}-, low-voiced man that he was in the draw- 
 ing-rooms of Washington, absolutel}' fearless in a 
 hail of bullets, now calling up a nervous captain and 
 asking him to repeat his orders, now walking along 
 the line, up and down, where ever}- soldier was hug- 
 ging the ground, and now calmU' cautioning his 
 men : " Don't swear, men ; shoot." 
 
 Two months from the day on which Wood re- 
 ceived his commission as Colonel of the Rough 
 
207 
 
 Riders, he was appointed a Brigadier-General of \'ol- 
 unteers (July S, 1898), and eleven da_ys later he was 
 Governor of the city of Santiago. His appointment 
 as Governor came natiTrallj' to him ; he was the man 
 of all others who had made an extraordinary record 
 in the field, and he was one of the few men A\-ho \\-ere 
 as vigorous, ph\'sically, at the end of that terrible 
 tropical campaign as at the beginning. He went at 
 the task of rehabilitating the stricken city with cool 
 judgment, nnconquerable energv, and a real J03' of 
 the task. 
 
 General Wood comes earl}' to his fame. He is 
 now only fort^•-one ^-ears old. At the beginning of 
 May, 1898, he was an Army Surgeon with the rank 
 of Captain. Two months later he was commanding 
 a brigade at San Juan, and his name was known in 
 every hamlet in the United States. Before the 3'ear 
 was out he had risen to the rank of Major General, 
 and he held what was then one of the most important 
 foreign commands in the gift of the Government. 
 Because of this quick promotion he has been called a 
 man of opportunity ; but he is rather the man always 
 ready for the opportunity. Within eight months 
 after he received his Army commission, back in the 
 middle '8o's, he had earned a Congressional medal for 
 gallant and hazardous service, and he was then only 
 a Contract Surgeon, green from the schools. And it 
 was not mere chance that made him Colonel of the 
 Rough Riders and led his regiment first of all the 
 troops into the jungle at Las Guasimas. 
 
 Personally, General Wood gives the impression 
 of being a large man, although he lacks at least an 
 inch of being six feet tall. He is what an athlete 
 
2oS 
 
 would call " well put up " — powerful of shoulders aud 
 arms, with a large head and short neck. He stoops 
 slightl}-, and steps with a long, swift stride, rolling 
 somewhat, seamanlike, in his walk. His face is one 
 of great strength — large featured, calm, studious, and 
 now lean and bronzed from serving in the tropics. 
 He rarel}^ smiles, and ordinarily has very little to 
 say, and that in a low, even voice ; and yet, when in 
 the mood, he tells a story with great spirit and with 
 a certain fine directness. He enjoys keenly a quiet 
 social gathering ; but a function in which he must 
 appear as the guest of honor is an undisguised terror 
 to him. He dresses always, whether in khaki or in 
 Army blue, with trim neatness, and he makes a strik- 
 ingh- powerful figure in the saddle. 
 
 At fortv-one General Wood is in the prime of a 
 vigorous manhood and at the beginning of a notable 
 career. 
 
BRIGADIER-GENERAL HARRISON GRAY OTIS. 
 UNITED STATES VOLUNTEERS. 
 
211 
 
 Brigadier-General HARRISON GRAY OTIS. 
 
 United States Volunteers. 
 
 Is the son of Stephen and Sarah Otis, who were 
 pioneer citizens of Ohio, and was born near Marietta, 
 February lo, 1837. In tlie year 1800 his father, at 
 the age of sixteen, emigrated to the far West from 
 Vermont, and settled in the " Ohio Compan\''s Pur- 
 chase '" at Marietta, then just emerging from the con- 
 dition of a frontier " blockhouse " post. His mother 
 was a native of Nova Scotia, and emigrated with her 
 parents from Boston early in the century, settling in 
 the Muskingum Valley. His paternal grandfather 
 was a patriot soldier in the Revolutionary War, and a 
 pensioner. 
 
 The Otis stock has produced James Otis, famous 
 as a Revolutionarj- patriot and orator, and Harrison 
 Gray Otis, once a Senator of the United States from 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 The subject of this sketch received only a "log- 
 school-house '' education up to the age of fourteen, 
 when he became a printer's apprentice. He worked 
 at this trade in various places, and at the commence- 
 ment of the War of the Rebellion was a compositor 
 in the olEce of the Louisville Journal^ under the noted 
 Editor, George D. Prentice. While here he was 
 elected a delegate from Kentucky to the Republican 
 National Convention of i860, which nominated Abra- 
 ham Lincoln for the Presidency. 
 
 Soon after the outbreak of hostilities, young 
 Otis returned to Ohio, enrolled himself for the war 
 as a Private in the Twelfth Regiment of Ohio Vol- 
 
212 
 
 iinteers (Colonel Jolm W. Lowe), at Camp Dennison, 
 June 25, 1861. He was mustered June 29, 1861, and 
 took the field with his regiment July 6, 1861, under 
 Brigadier-General J. D. Cox, on the Western Virginia 
 Campaign. He was promoted to First Sergeant, 
 March i, 1S62 ; to Second Lieutenant, November 12, 
 1862 ; to First Lieutenant, May 30, 1863, and to Cap- 
 tain, Jul_v I, 1864. He was transferred on the latter 
 date to the Twenty-third Ohio Veteran Vohinteers 
 (Colonel R. B. Ha^-es), and assigned to Company H. 
 In 1865 he was brevetted Major and Lieutenant Col- 
 onel, upon the unsolicited recommendation of his 
 commanding officer, " for gallant and meritorious ser- 
 vices during the war," he having participated in 
 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, and 1865, in the campaigns, 
 respectively, of the Kanawha Division. Eighth Army 
 Corps ; the Army of West Virginia, Mountain De- 
 partment ; the Ninth Corps, Arm}' of the Potomac, 
 and the Armv of the Shenandoah, and taken part in 
 the following actions : Scarey Creek, Virginia, July 
 17, 1861 ; Carnifex Ferry, September 10, 1861 ; Bull 
 Run Bridge, August 27, 1862 ; Frederick, Septem- 
 l)er 12, 1862 ; South Mountain, September 14, 1862 ; 
 Antietam, September 17, 1862 (wounded); Blue Sul- 
 phur Springs, September, 1863; Bo3-er's Ferry, No- 
 vember, 1863; Meadow Bluff, December 14, 1863; 
 Princeton, May, 1864; Cloyd's Mountain, May 9, 
 1864; New River Bridge, IMay 10, 1S64 ; Quaker 
 Church (Lynchburg), June 17-1S, 1864; Cabell- 
 town, July 20, 1864; Kernstown, July 24, 1864 (se- 
 verely wounded). He served in 1864-65 on several 
 courts-martial and military commissions. In the 
 winter of 1864-65 he was assigned, as Senior Cap. 
 
213 
 
 tain present for duty, to the command of his regiment 
 at Cumberland, Maryland. He was mustered out 
 July 26, 1S65, and honorably discharged at Cleve- 
 land, Ohio, Aiignst i, 1S65. Pensioned. Length of 
 service, forty-nine months. 
 
 In 1S67 he was tendered the appointment of 
 Second Lieutenant in the Army, but never entered 
 the regular service. In the same 3'ear he served as 
 Official Reporter of the Ohio House of Representa- 
 tives. He then located in Washington, where he 
 acted successively^ as Government Official, as Corres- 
 pondent and Editor. He removed with his famil}' to 
 California in 1876. He was tendered the Collector- 
 ship of the Port of San Diego in 187S, and the Con- 
 sulates at the Samoan Islands and Tien-Tsin, China. 
 In none of these positions, however, did he serve. 
 He served as Chief Government Agent at the Seal 
 Islands of Alaska from 1S79 to 18S2. 
 
 Leaving this position, he purchased in 18S2 an 
 interest in the Los Angeles Daily Times and Weekly 
 Alirror, and is now the Editor of those papers, and 
 President of the Times-Mirror Company. Mrs. Otis, 
 who is a leading member of the Times'' staff, was 
 Miss Eliza A. Wetherby. She married Mr. Otis at 
 Lowell, Ohio, vSeptember 11, 1859. The}- have three 
 daughters living : Mrs. Lilian Otis McPherron, of 
 Redlands ; Miss Marian Otis, Secretary of the Times- 
 Mirror Company, and Mrs. Mabel Otis Booth, of 
 Berkeley, Cal. In twenty years the Times has grown 
 from ver}- small beginnings to be one of the impor- 
 tant daily newspapers of the Southwest. In 1898, 
 during the Spanish-American War, General Otis 
 served as Brigadier-General. 
 
214 
 
 Major JAMES EVELYN PILCHER. 
 
 Was born in Adrian, Michigan, March iS, 1857, 
 to the Rev. Elijah Holmes Pilcher, S. T. D., LL. D., 
 and his Avife, Phebe Maria Fiske. He received his 
 preliminary education in the public schools of Ann 
 Arbor and Detroit, and was graduated in arts from 
 the University of Michigan in 1879. Having b}'^ ex- 
 tra work completed the studies preparatory- to the bac- 
 calaureate degree earh- in the winter of that 3'ear, he 
 entered the Long Island College Hospital in Brook- 
 lyn, New York, in time to save a 3'ear's medical 
 school attendance, and was thus able to take his med- 
 ical degree at that institution in 1880. 
 
 While still an undergraduate young Pilcher be- 
 came Curator of the Anatomical and vSurgical Society, 
 then an active organization in Brooklyn, and was one 
 of the founders of the " Annals of the Anatomical 
 and Surgical Society," a monthly journal published 
 during the year iSSo b}- that organization, and later 
 transformed into the " x\nnals of Anatomy and Sur- 
 gery," published bv a corporation of which he was 
 Secretary, and one of the Editors of the journal. 
 After a successful career of four years the " Annals 
 of Anatomy and Surgery " was discontinued, largely 
 because of the withdrawal of Dr. Pilcher from its 
 management. 
 
 In 1 883 the 3'oung doctor appeared before the 
 Armv Examining Board, then in session in New 
 York, consisting of General Joseph B. Brown and 
 Majors Bennett A. Clements and John H. Janewaj^, 
 
MAJOR JAMES EVELYN PILCHER. 
 
and became an approved candidate for appointment to 
 the Medical Department of the Arni_v. In June, 
 1S83, under a contract as Acting Assistant Surgeon 
 in the United States Arm}-, Dr. Pilcher proceeded to 
 the Department of Dakota, and took station at Fort 
 Abraham Lincoln, proceeding in the autumn of the 
 same year to Camp Poplar River, Montana — being 
 meanwhile in Februarj', 1884, commissioned as Assis- 
 tant Surgeon — whence he was transferred in 1S84 to 
 Fort Custer, Montana. In 1887 he proceeded to Fort 
 Monroe, Virginia, but was almost immediately re- 
 lieved from duty there and assigned to station at Fort 
 Wood, New York, with quarters upon Governor's 
 Island, where he also had charge of the hospital dur- 
 ing the ensuing two years, and attained his Cap- 
 taincy-. In the latter part of 1889 he took station at 
 Fort Clark, Texas, returning the following fall to 
 Governor's Island, where he remained during the 
 winter and spring of 1890 and 1S91, after which he 
 repaired to Fort Ringgold, Texas. In 1893-95 ^^^ 
 was stationed at Fort Niagara, New York. From 
 1895 to 1897 he was at Columbus Barracks, Ohio, 
 after a six months' sick leave passed principally in 
 Europe. Thence he proceeded to Fort Crook, Ne- 
 braska, where he served during the winter of 1897 
 and 1898, most of the time also having charge of the 
 office of the Chief Surgeon of the Department of the 
 Platte in Omaha. 
 
 On the first call for troops for the Spanish- 
 American War, he accompanied the Twenty-second 
 Ignited States Infantry, first to Mobile, Alabama, and 
 thence to Tampa, Florida. Here his regimental hos- 
 pital attracted the attention of the Chief Surgeon of 
 
2:8 
 
 the forces who selected him to act first as Sanitary 
 Inspector of the camps at Tampa, and later as Chief 
 Surgeon of the volunteer troops, then collecting at 
 Jacksonville under the command of General Henry 
 W. Lawton, and which were later formed into the 
 Seventh Army Corps, under the command of General 
 Fitzhngh Lee. Upon the arrival of the Corps staff. 
 Captain Pilcher, who had meanwhile been commis- 
 sioned as Major and Brigade Surgeon of Volunteers, 
 was detailed as Chief Surgeon of the Second Division 
 of the Corps. About this time he became impressed 
 with the especial importance of the Supply Depart- 
 ment, particularh' in connection with volunteer med- 
 ical oincers who were not accustomed to Army meth- 
 ods, and upon his reqiiest, while still retained as 
 Executive Officer of the Chief Surgeon's office, he 
 was also detailed as Medical Supply Officer of the 
 Corps. This duty he executed with singular ability 
 and energy, filling all demands for remedial agents 
 promptly and generously and hesitating at no re- 
 sponsibility or labor in the accomplishment of that 
 end. When the Seventh Corps was about to proceed 
 to Cuba he was detailed to take charge of the Medical 
 Supply Department upon the hospital ship Missouri, 
 with a view to purveying for the troops about to be 
 stationed on the Island of Cuba. This order was 
 changed, however, before embarkation to one direct- 
 ing him to establish a permanent medical supply de- 
 pot in the City of Savannah. Here an enormous 
 quantity of supplies were accumulated and issued by 
 him, until early in 1899 the tremendous strain to 
 which he had been subjected during the war mani- 
 fested itself in a severe illness, which necessitated a 
 
219 
 
 sick leave and his ultimate retirement for disability 
 in October, 1900, with the grade of Captain. 
 
 Major Pilcher has always been a tireless worker 
 along the lines of his profession, and has won a wide- 
 spread reputation in the military, medical, literary 
 world. During his first five years' service he pre- 
 pared translations of (i) the Anathoxiia of Mundi- 
 nus, a work written in mediaeval Latin, which for 
 several hundred years was the great anatomical au- 
 thority of the world, but which had never before been 
 translated into English ; (2) the Petit Chirurgie of 
 Pierre Franco, an ancient surgical authorit}^ written 
 in the French of the Middle Ages and never before 
 put into English ; (3) the Anatomic Topograpliiquc 
 of Tillaux, a large book of over a thousand pages in 
 modern French. This work, wliich was done for its 
 own sake, and without intention of publication, was 
 recognized by the Illinois Wesleyan University with 
 the honorary degree of Ph. D. 
 
 In 18S6 he prepared and delivered, at Fort Cus 
 ter, a series of lectures upon First Aid, which were 
 repeated in 1887 and 1SS8 at Governor's Island. 
 These lectures formed the basis of his book upon 
 "First Aid in Illness and Injury," which, since its 
 publication in 1S93, has had the remarkable history 
 of nine editions in America and one in Great Britain. 
 He also devoted much attention to the training of the 
 then newly organized Hospital Corps, and devised a 
 system of bearer drill which was issued from the 
 press in 18SS, and was the first manual of Hospital 
 Corps drill to be published in the United States. 
 While at Governor's Island in 1SS7-89, he edited for 
 his brother, the responsible Editor, the " Annals of 
 
220 
 
 Siirger}^," a monthly magazine which had succeeded 
 to the " Annals of Anatomy and Surgery," and which 
 has since developed into the chief surgical authority 
 of the world. At this time he also became a member 
 of the editorial staff of the New York " Christian 
 Advocate," having in charge the health department 
 of that journal, which he continued to direct until the 
 failure of his health in 1894. 
 
 In 1S96 he was appointed Assistant vSecretary of 
 the Association of Military Surgeons of the United 
 States, and iti the follow^ing year was elected vSecre- 
 tar}- and Editor, producing the volume of Proceedings 
 for that year, and serving until 1S99. After an in- 
 termission of two years he was, in 1901, elected per- 
 manent Secretary and Editor of the Association of 
 Military Surgeons, and in August of that year issued 
 the first number of the " Journal of the Association 
 of ]\Iilitary Surgeons of the United States," which, 
 first as a quarterly and later as a monthl}' magazine, 
 has been an instrument of the greatest importance in 
 the development of militar}- medicine and surgery in 
 the United States. During his tenure of office the 
 Association of Military Surgeons grew from a small 
 bod\- of some three hundred members to a large or- 
 ganization of over a thousand, with recognition by 
 foreign nations in all parts of the world. 
 
 In addition to Major Pilcher's strictl}' profes- 
 sional work, he has taken much interest in all that 
 relates to literature and history. While but a boy he 
 established and edited " The Capitol " — a monthly 
 paper issued in the interests of the students of the 
 Detroit High School, then housed in the former capi- 
 tol of Michigan — and in this and other publications 
 
221 
 
 evinced a strong and early literary turn of mind. In 
 1889 he made a card index of the Library of the i\Iil- 
 itar\- Service Institution, and in 1900 he supervised 
 the preparation of a similar index to the Pennsyl- 
 vania State Library. His work for the State of Penn- 
 sylvania resulted also in the superb Fourth Series of 
 " Pennsylvania Archives," which he edited for his 
 friend, Dr. George Edward Reed, and which was 
 published in twelve octavo volumes averaging a thou- 
 sand pages each. In 1902 he prepared a monograph 
 on the "Seal and Arms of PennsA-lvania," which was 
 published by the State, and which is the only com- 
 plete and authoritative discussion of the subject in 
 existence, embodving the results of an enormous 
 amount of original research and investigatioa. An- 
 other historical work of importance is his " Life and 
 Labors of Elijah Holmes Pilcher," pviblished in New- 
 York in 1S92, and he has in course of active j^repara- 
 tion a book upon the Pilcher Family in England and 
 America. 
 
 During the years 1903-1905 he published a ser- 
 ies of biographical sketches of the Surgeon Generals 
 of the United States Army, the first attempt to cover 
 this historical ground. The series was illustrated 
 with a complete set of portraits, obtained after pro- 
 longed and careful re.search, and included biographical 
 sketches of the Surgeon Generals of the Confederate 
 Army, and of the two Secretaries of War who had 
 served as Army medical officers. These were all col- 
 lected into a single brochure, and published under 
 the caption of " The Surgeon Generals of the L^nited 
 States Army " in 1905. 
 
 IMajor Pilcher has been a voluminous contributor 
 
a 
 
 222 
 
 to periodical literature. In addition to numerous 
 signed articles, a very large amount of anon3-mous 
 editorial work from his pen has appeared in the \ari- 
 ous publications with which he has been associated. 
 Among the signed contributions may be mentioned : 
 A New Field of Honor," published in Scribner's 
 Magazine, with illustrations ; numerous articles upon 
 the " Transportation of the Disabled," published in 
 the Journal of the Military Service Institution, the 
 Reference Handbook of Medical Science, the Boston 
 Medical and Surgical Journal, the Public Service Re- 
 view, and other journals ; a series of articles on 
 " Military Physical Training," and a paper upon the 
 " Uniform of the West Point Cadet ;" monographs 
 relating to the history of anatomy and surgery, in- 
 cluding the " Annals and Achie^■ements of American 
 Surgery-," " Chauliac and Mondeville," "A Glimpse 
 of Sixteenth Century Surgery," and " Mundinus and 
 the Anatomv of the Middle Ages." In addition to 
 his book on " First Aid in Illness and Injury," he 
 also has written man}- journal articles upon the sub- 
 ject, which have been published in the several mili- 
 tary and medical journals and societ}- transactions. 
 
 His services as a teacher of the subjects to which 
 his studies have been devoted have been in frecjuent 
 demand. In 1889 he was detailed by the War De- 
 partment to instruct the First Brigade of the Penn- 
 S3dvania National Guard. In 1896 he was elected 
 Professor of Military- Surgery in the Ohio Medical 
 University'-, where he delivered several courses of lec- 
 tures, and upon his change of station was honored by 
 election as Emeritus Professor of Military Surgery. 
 During the same 3'ears he taught militarj^ sanitation 
 
22' 
 
 in Starling Medical College. In 1S97 he was elected 
 Professor of Military Surgery in the Medical Depart- 
 ment of Creighton University, a position which he 
 held until his departure for duty in the field in con- 
 nection with the Spanish-American War. Upon his 
 retirement from active service his services were 
 sought bv Dickinson College, in whicli he held tlie 
 chair of anatomy and embryology in 1900, and that 
 of economics and sociology in 1901-1903. He also 
 has been Professor of Medical Jurisprudence in Dick- 
 inson School of Law since 1900. 
 
 He is an Honorary- Member of the Phi Beta 
 Kappa and Delta Chi fraternities, and in 1902 was 
 honored by Allegheu}- College with the degree of 
 L. H. D. 
 
 Major Pilcher has a not inconsiderable reputa- 
 tion as a public speaker, and has had a rather exten- 
 sive experience upon the platform. His lectures 
 upon "The Man, the Woman and the Child," the 
 "Building of a Nation," "Arms and the Man," 
 "Unto the Third and Fourth Generation," " vStep- 
 ping Stones to Success," etc., have met with a wide 
 acceptance and general approval. 
 
 He has been cjuick to avail himself of the oppor- 
 tvinities for improvement and advancement afforded 
 by contact with his associates, and in addition to his 
 relation with the Association of Militar}- Surgeons of 
 the United States, of which he is permanent Secre- 
 tary and Editor, he is a member of tlie Military Ser- 
 vice Institution of the United States, and of the 
 Army and Nav}^ Club of Washington ; he is a com- 
 patriot of the Sons of the American Revolution, 
 and a veteran companion of the Military Order of 
 
224 
 
 Foreign Wars ; a member of the American Medical 
 xA-ssociation and the American ]\Iedical Editors' As- 
 sociation ; an Honorar}' Member of the Ohio State 
 Medical Societ}-, the Cumberland A^alle}' Medical So- 
 ciety, and the Old Northwest Genealogical Society ; 
 a Fellow of the American Academy of Medicine and 
 an Honorar}- Fellow of the x'Vmerican Academy of 
 Railway Surgeons. He is also connected with a 
 number of social and beneficiary organizations, 
 among which may be mentioned the Masonic Order, 
 the Knights of Pythias and the Elks. 
 
 Personally Major Pilcher is rather below the 
 medium height and of a full habit. He is broad 
 and liberal in his attitude toward public and private 
 affairs. While embarrassed somewhat b}- the infirm- 
 ity for which he was retired, he is nevertheless en- 
 abled b}- judicious conservation of his strength to 
 accomplish a great deal of work in his chosen field, 
 and his career may be regarded as still in its early 
 stages. 
 
COLONEL ABRAM B. LAWRENCE. 
 
227 
 
 Colonel ABRAM B. LAWRENCE. 
 
 Was born of New England parentage in War- 
 saw, N. Y., May iS, 1S34. He enjoyed high school 
 advantages and was well advanced in his stndies, 
 when, at the age of twelve, he was placed in a book 
 store in Warsaw, and at nineteen accepted a responsi- 
 ble position as acconntant and cashier in a large pub- 
 lishing house in Buffalo, N. Y., where he remained 
 until 1856, when he removed to Niagara Falls, N. Y., 
 and became proprietor of a drug and medicine bus- 
 iness, which he sold in 1S5S, returned to Warsaw to 
 care for his widowed mother, and for a short time en- 
 gaged in mercantile pursuits, in the meantime project- 
 ing the " Warsaw Gas Light Works," which, co-oper- 
 ating with others, he built in 1859 and successfully 
 operated, also carrying on a foundry and machine 
 building biisiness until the Civil War broke out, 
 when he quitted all to enter the Union Ami}-, having 
 been selected by the Senatorial District Committee as 
 Quartermaster to represent Wyoming County in the 
 organization of the Thirtieth Senatorial District 
 Regiment, afterwards designated the 130th N. Y. 
 Volunteer Infantry, which was subsecjuently trans- 
 ferred to cavalry, and known as the First New York 
 Dragoons, and which under General Sheridan became 
 famous. 
 
 In 1862 he was placed on detached service in the 
 Commissary and Quartermaster's Department, Peck's 
 Division, Seventh Army Corps. Subsequently he 
 was assigned to diity in Sheridan's Cavalry Corps as 
 
228 
 
 Quartermaster of the regular cavalr}- brigade, etc., 
 promoted to be Captain and Assistant Quartermaster 
 U. S. A., and assigned to duty at headquarters Eigh- 
 teenth Arni}^ Corps, of which he was soon made Cliief 
 Quartermaster, and in recognition of his services 
 promoted to the rank of Major in the Quartermas- 
 ter's Department, U. S. A., serving thus with the 
 Tenth, Eighteentli, and Twenty-iifth Corps. Upon 
 the reorganization and consolidation of troops of the 
 Ninth, Tenth, and Eighteenth Corps, and constitut- 
 ing the Twenty-fourth Army Corps, he was assigned 
 by President Lincoln to the duty of Chief Quarter- 
 master in it and raised to the rank of Lieutenant- 
 Colonel. During the memorable campaign which 
 ended with the surrender of General Lee, he was ap- 
 pointed by General Grant Chief Quartermaster of 
 the Army of the James, with which the General made 
 his headquarters at that time. Colonel Lawrence's 
 services in connection with this Army were particu- 
 larly distinguished, and he was, in recognition of 
 these services, assigned by order of General Grant 
 " to receive the surrender and make disposition of the 
 property of the Army oi Northern Virgina, and to 
 act as Chief Quartermaster of the LTnited States 
 forces at Appomattox Court House, Virginia." These 
 duties completed, he removed the Ami}? property to 
 Richmond, remained there on dutv during the 
 muster-out of troops and disposition of the surplus 
 Army property. 
 
 In the fall of 1S65 he was assigned to duty in 
 the vicinity of the Rocky Mountains by order of Sec- 
 retary Stanton, and rendered efficient service there. 
 In 1866, iipon application for muster-out, he returned 
 
229 
 
 to Warsaw, N. Y., where he received an honorable 
 discharge with brevet coinniissioiis " for faithful and 
 meritorious services during the war." Soon after 
 Colonel Lawrence engaged with Buffalo capitalists in 
 developing extensive slate interests in the Province of 
 Quebec. Disposing of his interests in this enter- 
 prise after a few vears of lemunerative operations, 
 he returned to Buffalo, N. Y., and engaged success- 
 fully in the lumber and planing-mill business. Yield- 
 ing to promising inducements and also to care for his 
 aged mother residing there, he returned to Warsaw, 
 where he engaged in the furniture trade. In 1876, 
 upon the organization of the Letchworth Rifles, he 
 was commissioned and served six years as Command- 
 ant. He is identified among the organizers of the 
 National Guard Association of the State of New 
 York, and its Recording Secretary for ten successive 
 years. He is a member of the Grand Army of the 
 Republic, and for several 5'ears was Commander of 
 Gibbs Post, of Warsaw, New York, which he organ- 
 ized among manv others in the State ; and has been 
 a Vice-Department Commander of New York ; sev- 
 eral years a member of the Council of Administra- 
 tion, and repeatedly a delegate to the National en- 
 campments. Is a member of the Military Order of 
 the Loyal Legion ; an honorary member of the Mil- 
 itary Service Institution of the United States and 
 other similar organizations ; a bright member of the 
 Masonic fraternity and of the higher grades of 
 Masonry. Among other public-spirited duties, he 
 successfully conducted the affairs of the Wj-oming 
 County Agricultural Society for five successive years 
 as President, assisted in the organization of the State 
 Society, and for four 3-ears served as its President. 
 
230 
 
 Lieut. GRANVILLE ROLAND FORTEvSCUE. 
 
 United States Army. 
 
 Was born in New York and received his early 
 education at various schools in this State and at Toot- 
 ing College, London, England. Afterwards attended 
 the Berkeley School, this cit}-, and the Andover 
 Academy, Mass., and later Georgetown University 
 and the University of Pennsylvania. He left the lat- 
 ter University in 1S97 to go to Cuba on a filibuster- 
 ing expedition. Li 1S98 he joined the " Rough 
 Riders," and .served through the Cuban campaign. 
 At the close of the Spanish-American War he went 
 West and spent .some time on a ranch. In 1S99 he 
 was commissioned First Lieutenant in the Twenty- 
 sixth Infantry, U. S. V., and was with his regiment 
 in the Philippines for two years. After the Twenty- 
 sixth Infantry was mustered out, the President ap- 
 pointed him a Second Lieutenant in the Regular 
 Army, and he was assigned to the Fourth Cavalry 
 and stationed at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He was 
 promoted in 1903, and detailed to the Department of 
 Public Building Grounds at Washington, D. C, and 
 also as Military Aide at the White House. In March, 
 1894, he obtained leave of absence and spent six 
 months in the Far East watching operations in the 
 Russo-Japanese War as a semi-official attache with 
 the Japs. He returned in the autumn to Washing- 
 
LIEUTENANT GRANVILLE ROLAND 
 
 UNITED STATES ARMY. 
 
 FORTESCUE. 
 
233 
 
 ton to resume his diities there. Lieutenant Fortescue 
 has written a number of articles relating to his pro- 
 fession, notably an article on " The Friars," which 
 appeared in "The United Service Magazine" in 
 1902, and attracted much attention. 
 
234 
 
 HOWARD A. STEVENSON. 
 
 Son of Hon. Samuel Stevenson, was laorn in 
 Philadelphia, January 2, 1S42, and was ediicated in 
 the schools of that city. In 1859 he entered the 
 wholesale dri:g house of Ziegler & Smith, attending 
 the College of Pharmacy in the evening until he had 
 a thorough knowledge of the pharmaceutical pro- 
 fession. The outbreak of the Civil War brought his 
 connection with this house to an end. He had early 
 shown a predilection for military service, becoming 
 an active member of the Second Regiment Pennsyl- 
 vania Militia, and subsequently the Treasurer of his 
 company. After the outbreak of the war he enlisted, 
 and assisted Colonel Fry in recruiting his cavalry 
 regiment, his recruiting station being in Inde- 
 pendence Square. While thus engaged he received 
 instructions from the vSurgeon-General of the Naval 
 Department to report at Washington for examina- 
 tion, with a view to appointment in the Medical 
 Corps of the United States Nav}'. Passing the ex- 
 amination successfully, he was ordered to report for 
 duty on the United States steamer State of Georgia, 
 and remained on her till the end of the war. 
 
 On returning to civil life, he entered the whole- 
 sale drug house of A. F. Hazard & Co., with whom 
 he remained about three years. In 1S70 he succeeded 
 them in business, in partnership with Lewis U. Bean, 
 the firm name being Bean & Stevenson. The busi- 
 ness thus purchased had been established in 1822, 
 
 I 
 
HOWARD A. STEVENSON. 
 
237 
 
 and was tlie oldest and perhaps the best of its kind 
 in the city. The location of the new firm was at 113 
 Arch Street. In 1S73 Bean & Stevenson bonght ont 
 the stock of the long-established firm of Wetherill & 
 Brother, wholesale drug dealers, at 47 and 49 North 
 Second Street, and removed to that localit}-. Weth- 
 erill & Brother had been principally engaged in the 
 Sotith American trade, and their business, added to 
 that previoush- possessed by the firm, gave it the 
 most important drug trade in the city. During this 
 period 'Sir. Stevenson had become a member and di 
 rector of the Philadelphia Drug Exchange, in whose 
 affairs he took an active interest. In 187S he retired 
 from mercantile life, and became connected with the 
 street railway system, a connection Avhich still con- 
 tinues. 
 
 Having purchased an interest in the Green & 
 Coates Streets Passenger Railwa\- Company, he was 
 elected a Director of that corporation in Jantiary, 
 1879, and in July of that year was made its President. 
 This olifice he held till the railway was leased, in 
 1 88 1, by the People's Passenger Railway Compau}-. 
 He was offered the \'ice-Presidency of the consoli- 
 dated companies, but declined, and became interested 
 in the Lombard & South Streets and the West End 
 Railwa^-s, being Director of the former for six and of 
 the latter for two 3-ears. He resigned these offices 
 some time after the consolidation of the two roads, 
 and gave his attentioii again to the People's Passen- 
 ger Railway, of which he was elected a Director on 
 Januar}- 16, i885, to succeed Charles J. Harrah. In 
 Februar}- he was elected a Director of the German- 
 town Passenger Railway Company. On December 9, 
 
23S 
 
 iSgo, he was elected President of the People's Pas- 
 senger Railway of Philadelphia, which position he 
 held till iVpril 15, 1892, when he resigned. During 
 his terra of Presidency he strongly advocated the use 
 of electricity as the motive power for moving the cars 
 of the company. His resignation of office called forth 
 the following iinanimous vote of thanks for his faith- 
 ful service from the Board of I )i rectors : 
 
 " Resolved : That a vote of thanks of this Board 
 be tendered the retiring President, Mr. Howard A. 
 Stevenson, for the earnest, indefatigable, and loyal 
 service he has rendered the People's Passenger Rail- 
 way Company. He has always been ready to surren- 
 der every personal consideration for the interests of 
 the company', and his identification with it has re- 
 sulted to its advantage and prosperity. It is with 
 deep regret we yield to his determination to sever his 
 official relation to the corapau}-, the established suc- 
 cess of which he has been so instrumental in se- 
 curing." 
 
 In 1887 Mr. Stevenson was made a member of 
 the Board of Directors of the Fire Association of 
 Philadelphia, and in 1889 of the Real Estate Title 
 Insurance & Trust Company, both of which positions 
 he still retains. He is a member of the George G. 
 Meade Post, No. i, Grand Army of the Republic, and 
 of various social organizations, a life member of tlie 
 Athletic Club of the Schuylkill Navy, and a member 
 of the Germantowu Cricket Club. 
 
COMMANDER R. M. G. BROWN. 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
J4r 
 
 Commander R. M. G. BROWN. 
 
 United Stales Navy. 
 
 Is a native of Virginia, and was appointed to a 
 cadetship in the Navy from that State in 1864, grad- 
 uating with high honors in 186S, being No. 3 in a 
 class of eighty members. His first service afloat was 
 on board the Saranac, in the North Pacific Sqnadron, 
 and he also served on the same station on board the 
 Lackawanna and the Pensacola. He received his pro- 
 motion to the grade of Ensign in 1869, and to that of 
 Master in 1870. In the latter year he was ordered to 
 dnty on the China station, where he served for three 
 years on board the Alaska. During this period he 
 took part in the Corean expedition, and was placed in 
 command of the force which was landed for the pur- 
 pose of enforcing the demands for indemnitv pre- 
 ferred by the United States Government. For the 
 efficient manner in which he discharged this impor- 
 tant duty he was specially mentioned in the official 
 report. His next duty was on board the New Hamp- 
 shire at Norfolk, he having in the meantime received 
 his commission as Lieutenant. He served on the 
 New Hampshire until 1S74, when he was ordered to 
 the Torpedo School at Newport, R. I. In October of 
 the same year he was ordered to the Dispatch as exe- 
 ciitive officer. His next duty was on the West India 
 station, where he served on board the Swatara until 
 March, 1877, when he was placed on dut}' at the 
 Naval Academy as Instructor of Navigation and 
 Surveying. Congress having appropriated a liberal 
 sum of mone}' for the construction of a new type of 
 
242 
 
 naval war vessel under the personal direction of Ad- 
 miral Porter, and in accordance with plans and speci- 
 fications devised bj- him, Lieutena,nt Brown was, in 
 March, 1877, ordered to the New York Yard to 
 assist in carr3'ing out the details of the construction 
 of the vessel. Although the experiment to which 
 Admiral Porter had devoted so much time and energy 
 was never brought to a successful completion, the 
 work accomplished by Lieutenant Brown while on 
 duty^on board the Alarm (the name which had been 
 selected for the embryo destro\-er), received the high- 
 est commendation from the Navy Department. In 
 August, 1 88 1, he was detached from the Alarm, and 
 ordered to the Lancaster on the European station. It 
 was while on duty on this station that he received in- 
 juries in the line of dut}- which necessitated his be- 
 ing invalided home and placed on special duty. In 
 May, 1884, he was assigned to duty on board the 
 Lackawanna, on the South Pacific station. It was 
 while on this station that Lieutenant Brown made 
 his report on the impracticability of the Panama 
 route for a ship canal. This report received wide at- 
 tention, and was considered by many leading naviga- 
 tors and^scientists as a convincing argument against 
 the practicability of this route. On his return to the 
 United States he was placed on dut_v at the Norfolk 
 Yard as na^■ig■ating officer, where he remained till 
 October, 1S87, when he joined the flagship Trenton, 
 in the same capacity, the vessel's destination being 
 the Pacific station. It was while on this vo3'age that 
 Lieutenant Brown's skill in navigating the Trenton 
 through the Straits of Magellan and Smyth's Sound 
 received special commendation from the commanding 
 
24 3 
 
 officer. It was subsequently, during the memorable 
 hurricane at Samoa, tliat he found his greatest oppor- 
 tunity- for the exhibition of his skill as a navigating 
 officer. Captain Farquhar, the Commander of the 
 Trenton, in his report, which was approved by Ad- 
 miral Kimberley, said : " Lieutenant R. M. Brown, 
 the Navigator, was by ni}- side the whole time, and 
 to his excellent judgment, one time at least, the ship 
 was cleared of a reef." The Secretary of the Navy, 
 in a letter to a high official, in commenting on the 
 event, said: " Ever}- effort was made to control the 
 vessel's movements . . . and it was the opinion 
 of her commanding officer that it was through the 
 excellent judgment of Lieutenant Brown, the navi- 
 gating ofl&cer, that the ship cleared the reef and the 
 four hundred and fifty lives on board were saved." 
 A novel device was adopted by Lieutenant Brown on 
 this occasion for weathering the ship. The sails hav- 
 ing been blown out of the vessel, or being ineffective, 
 the Lieutenant caused the ship's crew to man the rig- 
 ging, thus making a living sail which proved suffi- 
 ciently effective to enable the vessel to weather the 
 reef. This novel expedient was favorably commented 
 upon as showing the cool judgment of an officer in 
 an exigencj' of the most trying character. 
 
 Lieutenant Brown was ordered to duty in the 
 office of the Judge Advocate General on October i, 
 1S89, w-liere he remained for a year and a half. In 
 the earlv part of 1S91 he was given the responsible 
 position of executive and disl)ursing officer of the In- 
 tercontinental Railwa}- Couimission. This was a 
 most important Commission, having in view the con- 
 struction of a system of railwa^-s by which the traffic 
 
244 
 
 and travel of the two Continents might be brought 
 into closer relations. In was largely promoted by the 
 late James G. Blaine, and in the formation of the 
 Commission Mr. A. J. Cassatt, the great railroad mag- 
 nate, was placed at its head, and prominent in its 
 membership were the names of siich men as the 
 Hon. H. G. Davis, of West Virginia, late candidate 
 for Vice-President, and the Hon. Richard C. Kerns, 
 of IMissouri. A preliminary survey was carried out 
 under the auspices of the Commission, extending 
 from Mexico to Boli\ia, much valuable information 
 being obtained, especiall}- in Ecuador and on the up- 
 per waters of the Amazon in Peru. Lieutenant 
 Brown remained on active dut}- with the Coiumission 
 until 1898, when the final volume, the seventh, of the 
 report was published. His services during this 
 period were recognized both by the Governuient and 
 the Commission as of the highest value. On April 27, 
 1893, he received his promotion to the grade of Com- 
 mander. At the breaking out of the Spanish-Amer- 
 ican War, Couimander Brown was one of the first 
 officers to appl}- for active duty, and he was immedi- 
 ately ordered to the Norfolk Yard, where he rendered 
 valuable service duriug the entire period of the war, 
 in various capacities, but principall)^ in connection 
 ■with the equipment department. 
 
CAPTAIN A ROSS HOUSTON. 
 
 UNITED STATES VOLUNTEERS 
 
247 
 
 Captain A. ROSS HOUSTON. 
 
 United Stales 1 'oltinteers. 
 
 Was born in Middletown, Orange County, New- 
 York, March 20, 1S47, liis parents being Anthony 
 Houston and Mary Ross, whose ancestors were of the 
 early families of the county, of Scotch and Irish 
 descent, and having had representatives in the mili- 
 tary service in the Wars of the Revolution and 1812. 
 Captain Houston received his earlv education ;inder 
 private tuition and at the Walkill Academv in Mid- 
 dletown, New York. 
 
 He entered the Armj- at the age of sixteen, at 
 which time he was preparing to accept an appoint- 
 ment as Cadet at the Naval Acadenu" of the United 
 States. He was commissioned vSecond Lieutenant, 
 Fourth Regiment of Engineers, Corps d'Africjue, in 
 September, 1S63, and ordered to report at New Or- 
 leans, Louisiana. A brigade of engineer troops was 
 then being organized in the Department of the Gulf 
 for operations with the Armies of the South and 
 West, and the officers were selected for fitness in en- 
 gineer service on fortifications and in the field. The 
 brigade, consisting of five regiments, was equipped 
 and instructed as engineer troops, and did good ser- 
 vice as such until the close of the war. February 25, 
 1864, he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and was 
 assigned to duty as Aide-de-Camp at the headquarters 
 of the Engineer Brigade, New Orleans, Louisiana, 
 while the organization was being completed. He was 
 appointed Aide-de-Canip at the headquarters of the 
 Department of the Gulf, General Banks command- 
 
248 
 
 ing, in March, 1S64, and served during the Red 
 River, Louisiana, campaign, being in the engage- 
 ments and battles of Natchitoches, March 20 ; 
 Crump's Hill, April 2 ; Compte, April 4 ; Wilson's 
 Farm, April 7 ; Sabine Cross-Roads, April 8 ; Pleas- 
 ant Hill, April 9 ; Monete's Bluff, Cane River, April 
 23 ; Alexandria, April 26 ; Governor Moore's Planta- 
 tion, May 2 ; Dunn's Bayou, May 5 ; and Mansura, 
 May 14 and 16. 
 
 Being young, alert, and a good horseman, his 
 duties were continuous and severe diiring the whole 
 campaign ; while escaping himself the bullets of the 
 enemy, two horses were shot under him in the terrific 
 battles of Sabine Cross-Roads and Pleasant Hill, and 
 another horse killed when the headquarters were 
 stampeded by the enemy firing on them from trees 
 and elevations across the river below Alexandria. 
 Captain Houston was picked up for dead, being badly 
 injured by being dragged by his wounded horse and 
 trodden on by the cavalry escort. In this campaign 
 Captain Houston received special commendation for 
 his ride, after the battle at Monete's Bluff, outside 
 the lines of the Army, through country occupied by 
 the eneni}', to Alexandria, to notify General Grover 
 of the safety and approach of the retreating iVrmy, 
 and of the early relief of General Grover's forces 
 from attacks already begun. 
 
 In 1865 Captain Houston served at the head- 
 quarters of General E. R. S. Canby, during the cam- 
 paign against Mobile, in the seige and capture of 
 Spanish Fort and Blakely, March 26 to April 9, and 
 the surrender of Mobile, April 11. 
 
 He was retained in service after the close of the 
 
249 
 
 war by special order of the Secretary of War. In the 
 winter of 1865-66 he was on duty as Provost-Mar- 
 shal, and Freedmen's Bureau Agent in charge of the 
 parishes of Iberville and West Baton Rouge, Louis- 
 iana. 
 
 Here, as the only representative of the Govern- 
 ment and of law in these two rich parishes, this 
 3'oung officer, but eighteen years of age, arranged the 
 questions of restoration of plantations — the largest in 
 the South — to their owners, providing for the labor 
 and protection of the freednien, and controlled all 
 questions concerning the people and propertj', so as 
 to soon restore order and c|uiet. 
 
 In November, 1865, he was appointed Captain of 
 Independent Company of Pontoniers (white). De- 
 partment of the Gulf. 
 
 In 1 866 Captain Houston was offered an ap- 
 pointment as Cadet at the Military Academy, and 
 also a commission in the regular service, which were 
 declined. 
 
 After his war service was over he entered the 
 employment of the Engineer Department, United 
 States Army, and has remained continuously engaged 
 in this Department up to the present time, serving 
 on the New England Coast and on works connected 
 with the Great Lakes and rivers of the Northwest, 
 living at Newport, Rhode Island, Chicago, and Mil- 
 waukee. 
 
 Captain Houston is a Companion of the Loyal 
 Legion of the United States, through the Com- 
 mandery of Wisconsin, and has served as member of 
 Council, Chancellor, and Junior Vice-Commander, and 
 as Recorder from May, 18S9, until the present time. 
 
2 so 
 
 Major-General HENRY WARE LAWTON. 
 United States I'olunteers. 
 
 Was born at Toledo, Ohio, on March 17, 1S43. 
 Entered IMethodist Episcopal College at Fort Wayne, 
 Ind., but left in 1861 to enlist in a company which 
 became a part of the Ninth Indiana Volunteers, serv- 
 ing as First Sergeant, and seeing active service in 
 West Virginia ; mustered out at Fort Waj-ne, July 
 29; three weeks later commissioned Lieutenant, and 
 joined the Army of the Ohio in Kentuckj- ; partici- 
 pated in battles at Shiloh and Chickamauga ; pro- 
 moted Captain, May 17, i8b2. August 3, 1864, while 
 serving as Captain of Company A, led a charge of 
 skirmishes against the enemv's rifle pits in Atlanta, 
 Ga., capturing them and repelling two desperate 
 efforts to retake them ; promoted Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 November 1 5 ; displayed great bravery at Nashville 
 and Franklin, and ]\Iarch 3, 1S65, was made Brevet- 
 Colonel for gallant conduct ; honorably mustered out, 
 November 25. He then studied law at Fort Wayne, 
 Ind., and later entered Har\ard Law School, but on 
 July 28, 1866, was appointed Second Lieutenant of 
 the Forty-first Infantry (colored) of the regular 
 Army; made First Lieutenant, July 31, 1867; trans- 
 ferred to the Twenty-fourth United States Cavalry, 
 November 11, 1869; to the Fourth United States 
 Cavalr}', January i, 1S71 ; promoted to Captain, 
 March 20, 1879, and at that time was serving in Ari- 
 zona and New Mexico. In 1S86, after a march of 
 
MAJOR-GENERAL HENRY WARE LAWTON. 
 
 UNITED STATES VOLUNTEERS. 
 
253 
 
 i,300 miles over the Sierra Madre Mountains into 
 Mexico, defeated Geronimo and his band of Apaches, 
 and brought peace to Arizona and New Mexico ; in 
 recognition of this promoted to Major and Inspector 
 General, September 17, iSSS; February 12, 1889, 
 promoted Lieutenant-Colonel ; appointed Brigadier- 
 General of \'olunteers, May 4, 1898; and assigned 
 to command the Second Division of the Fifth Army 
 Corps under General Shafter, July i ; appointed Major- 
 General of \'olunteers July 11, 1S98; chosen to lead 
 the advance on Santiago, and about this time was 
 made Colonel in the regular Army ; on the surrender 
 of Santiago was appointed Military Governor of the 
 city and pro\ince ; returned to the United States in 
 October, 1S9S, and was placed in command of the 
 Fourth Armj- Corps at Huntsville, Ala.; in Decem- 
 ber assigned to service in the Philippines, and Jan- 
 uary 19, 1899, left San Francisco with 1,307 men of 
 the Fourth Infantry ; on his arrival at Manila re- 
 lieved General Anderson, in command of the regu- 
 lars ; captured Santa Cruza, a Filippino stronghold, 
 on April 10, and San Rafael and San Isidro on 
 May 15 ; June i placed in command of the defences 
 of Manila, and drove Aguinaldo before him ; Decem- 
 ber 19, 1899, was shot while attacking the town of 
 San Mateo, Luzon. At the time he was killed his 
 commission as Brigadier-General in the regular 
 Army was ready to go to the Senate for confirmation. 
 
254 
 
 Surgeon General WALKER WYMAN. 
 
 Public Health and Marine Hospital Service. 
 
 Is now fifU'-six 3-ears of age, having been born 
 in St. Louis, August 14, 1848. He received his early 
 education at the City University, whence he proceeded 
 to Amherst College where he received the degree of 
 A. B. in 1870, and later the degree of A. M. The 
 St. Louis Medical College was the scene of his pro- 
 fessional preparation, conferring the degree of Doctor 
 of Medicine upon him in 1S73, a preparation which 
 was further developed by two years' work in the hos- 
 pitals of St. Louis. 
 
 Soon after this Dr. W3'man entered upon his life 
 work proper by accepting an appointment as Assis- 
 tant Surgeon in the Marine Hospital Service. He 
 received promotion to the rank of Siirgeon in 1877, 
 and served successively at St. Louis, Cincinnati, 
 Baltimore and New York, after which he was sum- 
 moned to the headquarters of his Corps at Washing- 
 ton, where he served continually until he succeeded to 
 the command of it. During this time he had charge 
 of the publication of sanitary reports and statistics, 
 and produced many important works pertaining to 
 this subject. The Purve3'ing Department was also 
 under his direction and by him brought to a high de- 
 gree of excellence. His main duty, however, and the 
 work to which, in the latter part of the period previ- 
 ous to his appointment as Surgeon General in 1S91, 
 his time was exclusively devoted, was the supervision 
 
SURGEON GENERAL WALKER WYMAN. 
 
 PUBLIC HEALTH AND MARINE HOSPITAL SERVICE 
 
257 
 
 of the Quarantine Department of the Marine Hospi- 
 tal Service. 
 
 General Wyman has evinced especial interest 
 during his entire career in the humanitarian side of 
 his work, having devoted especial attention to the 
 ph^'sical conditions affecting seamen of the merchant 
 marine. He brought before the public the cruelties 
 inflicted upon the crews of oyster vessels in Chesa- 
 peake Bay, and establislied hospitals for the treat- 
 ment of their sick and injured. He secured an act 
 for the relief of deck hands on western rivers. He 
 established even before his appointment as Surgeon 
 General a Hygienic Laboratory which has since de- 
 veloped into one of the most important sanitary in- 
 stitutions of the country, resulting in many investi- 
 gations of the highest importance to public health. 
 
258 
 
 Surgeon General PRESLEY MARION RIXEY. 
 
 United States Navy. 
 
 The inevitable change consequent upon the 
 progress of time brought to the head of the Naval 
 Medical Department one of its most distingiiished 
 and capable officers in the person of Rear Admiral 
 Presley Marion Rixey, who was appointed Surgeon 
 General on the loth of February, 1902. Admiral 
 Rixey was born in Culpeper Count}-, Virginia, on 
 the 14th of July, 1S52, and received his early educa- 
 tion at schools in Culpeper and VVarrenton. His 
 family identified itself with the Confederate cause 
 during the Civil War, which brought financial ruin 
 upon its members in company with so large a propor- 
 tion of our old southern families. Undaunted by 
 difSculties, however, he sought and achieved an edu- 
 cation, both general and professional, receiving the 
 doctorate in medicine from the University of Virginia 
 in 1873. He then undertook to extend his practical 
 acquaintance with his profession bv attendance upon 
 clinics and hospitals in Philadelphia during the re- 
 mainder of the year, presenting himself before the 
 Naval Examining Board early in 1874 as a candidate 
 for appointment in the Medical Corps of the Nav}'. 
 
 He was commissioned Assistant Surgeon in the 
 Navy on the aSth of January, 1874, and set out upon 
 that long period of service which has just been 
 crowned with the highest honors attainable in his 
 corps. He was first assigned to duty on the receiv- 
 ing ship Sabine, but soon transferred to the Con- 
 
SURGEON GENERAL PRESLEY MARION RIXEY. 
 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
26l 
 
 gress, then on the European station, and later at the 
 Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia, where she 
 represented the Navy. He was detached in 1876 and 
 ordered to the Philadelphia Naval Hospital, where he 
 remained until he passed his examination for promo- 
 tion to the grade of Passed Assistant Surgeon in 1877. 
 He then took station at the Norfolk (Va.) Navy 
 Yard as Attending Surgeon, where he served until 
 assigned to a three years' tour of special duty on the 
 Tallapoosa in 1879. He was on the ilagship Lancas- 
 ter from [884 to 1887 on the European and South 
 Atlantic stations, and on the Dolphin from 1S93 to 
 1S96. During the vSpanish War he applied for active 
 sea duty, but his services were deemed so essential 
 in Washington that he could be spared only to 
 make a brief voyage to Cul)a on tlie ambulance ship 
 Solace. The twelve years of service not enumerated 
 above were passed on special duty as Attending Sur 
 geon at Washington. In 188S he was promoted to 
 the grade of Surgeon, and in 1900 to that of Medical 
 Inspector. 
 
 During his long service in Washington he has 
 been honored with the confidence of manv of the 
 most prominent men of the countrv, and for the last 
 eight years has been Physician to the Executive 
 Mansion. It was in especial recognition of the value 
 of his distinguished services in the latter capacity 
 that President McKinley promised him the Surgeon- 
 Generalcy of the Nav^• when the next vacancy should 
 occur, a promise which President Roosevelt fulfilled. 
 In connection with his duty at the Executive Man- 
 sion, it became necessary for him to accompany the 
 President upon all journevs taken by the Chief Ivxec- 
 
262 
 
 utive, and thus it happened that he was in Buffalo 
 when President AlcKinley was assassinated. He had 
 been detailed by the President to accompany Mrs. 
 McKinlej- to the Milburn House, whilst he received 
 the people, so that he was not immediately at hand 
 wlieii the President was shot, but was promptly sum- 
 moned, so that he was present and assisted with the 
 operation, and took oiKcial charge of the case. Here 
 he displayed in the highest degree those qualities 
 which evidenced not only professional acquirements 
 of an extensive range, but executive ability and diplo- 
 matic faculties of a remarkable character. The skill 
 and devotion which he displayed in the management 
 of the case of the President, and the almost equally 
 exacting case of the President's invalid wife, won for 
 him the admiration and affection of the entire country. 
 
 Admiral Rixey is a member of the American 
 Medical Association, and a member by invitation of 
 the Washington (I). C.) Medical Society. He has 
 been an active member of the Association of Military 
 Surgeons since ;S95. 
 
 On the occasion of an explosion on the Spanish 
 Caravel, Santa Maria, in the harbor of New York in 
 1893, he rendered prompt and generous assistance to 
 the officers and crew of the vessel, a courtesy which 
 the King of Spain, Alfonso XHI, recognized by 
 decorating him with the Order of Naval Merit. 
 
 The accession of Admiral Rixey augurs good 
 fortune for the N'aval Service, and particularly for 
 the Medical Department, which is sure to be devel- 
 oped and advanced by the sagacity, tact and ability- 
 which has characterized all the official acts of his suc- 
 cessful career. 
 
MAJOR WILLIAM H. LAMBERT. 
 
265 
 
 Major WILLIAM H. LAMBERT. 
 
 Was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, May 9, 
 1842, his parents removing during liis earlv youth to 
 Philadelphia. He received his early education in the 
 public schools of Philadelphia, and was graduated 
 from the high school of that city in 1S59 as the vale- 
 dictorian of his class. Shortly before the commence- 
 ment of the Civil War he began the study of law, 
 but his spirit of patriotism led him to abandon his 
 chosen profession for the time being and to enter the 
 military service, wliich he did, bv enlisting as a Pri- 
 vate in the Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalrv, August 
 18, 1862, his first service being in Pennsvlvania and 
 Maryland during Lee's first invasion. He partici- 
 pated in the battle of Antietam, which occurred ou 
 the 17th of September, 1S62. At the close of this 
 campaign his regiment was transferred to Louisville, 
 Kentuckv, where, on November 24, 1862, he was hon- 
 orablj? mustered out, and commissioned as First Lieu- 
 tenant and Adjutant of the Twent3--seventh New Jer- 
 sey Volunteers, forming a part of the Ninth Corps of 
 the Army of the Potomac. He was present at the 
 battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1S62, in which 
 his regiment bore a conspicuous part. On July 13, 
 1S63, Lieutenant Lambert was mustered out, and im- 
 mediately re-entered the service as First Lieutenant 
 and Adjutant of the Thirty-tliird New Jer.sey Volun- 
 teers, which regiment was assigned to the Kleventh 
 
266 
 
 Corps of the Army of the Potomac in September of 
 the same vear. This corps, with the Twelfth, 
 was soon afterward transferred to the West under 
 General Hooker, partaking in the memorable battles 
 around Chattanooga, in one of which Lieutenant 
 Lambert had his horse killed under him, and subse- 
 quently in the campaign for the relief of the force 
 under General Burnside at Knoxville. 
 
 On January 6, 1864, Lieutenant Lambert re- 
 ceived his commission as Captain, and was appointed 
 Aide-de-Camp on the staff of Brigadier General 
 Geary, commanding the Second Division of the 
 Twentieth Army Corps — the Eleventh and Twelfth 
 Corps having been consolidated as the Twelfth under 
 General Hooker — and he was soon afterward assigned 
 to the responsible position of Inspector General on 
 the same officer's staff. 
 
 Captain Lambert took an active part in the At- 
 lanta campaign under General Sherman, and in a 
 severe engagement at Pine Hill had his horse killed 
 under him. He was with his division throughout 
 Sherman's famous march to the sea, and in the im- 
 mediately subsequent campaign from Goldsborough to 
 Raleigh, North Carolina, terminating in the surren- 
 der of the Confederate force under General Joseph E. 
 Johnston. He accompanied his division in its north- 
 ward march, and participated in the grand review at 
 Washington that celebrated the close of the war. 
 Upon the disbandment of General Sherman's Army, 
 he decided to remain in active service, and was as- 
 signed to the staff of General Wilcox, commanding 
 the District of Washington, remaining on that duty 
 iintil July 17, 1S65, when he was honorablv mustered 
 
267 
 
 out of the service, having received the brevet of Ma- 
 jor, March 13, 1S65, for "gallant and meritorious 
 conduct during the war." He was also awarded a 
 medal of honor " for distinguished services during 
 the War of the Rebellion." 
 
 Upon the conclusion of Major Lambert's active 
 military duties lie immediately entered upon an active 
 business career with the General x\gency of the Mu- 
 tual Life Insurance Company of New York at Phila- 
 delphia. Through his energy and close attention to 
 the interests of the company he was admitted to a 
 partnership in the management of the Agencv in 
 1872, and in 18S7 was made General Manager. 
 
 Major Lambert has always retained his military 
 ardor, and is prominently identified with several mil- 
 itary organizations. He is a member of Post No. 2, 
 Grand Ami}- of the Republic of Pennsylvania, and 
 of the Commandery of the State of Pennsvlvania, 
 Military Order of the Loyal Legion, of which he was 
 Junior Vice-Commander in 1S87-8S. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Union League, the Art, Penn and United 
 Service Clubs, and is Treasurer of the Mercantile 
 Librar}' Association. In 1872 he delivered the Me- 
 morial Da}' address before Post No. 2 of the Grand 
 Army of the Republic of Philadelphia, and his ad- 
 dress was so favorably- commented upon that his ser- 
 vices have since been frecpiently in demand for simi- 
 lar occasions and at military reunions. Among the 
 more notable of his productions in this line are that 
 on " The American Navy," at the Grant Camp Fire 
 in the Philadelphia Academy of Music in 1879; that 
 at the unveiling of the monument in the National 
 Cemetery at Antietam in ibSo; the eulogy on Gen- 
 
268 
 
 eral Meade before the Department of Pennsvlvania 
 Encampment, Grand Army of the Republic, in iSSo; 
 the memorial oration at the Arlincrton, \'ireinia. 
 National Cemetery in 18S3 ; the annual oration be- 
 fore the Societ\- of the Army of the Cumberland in 
 18:^4, his theme being on that occasion Major Gen- 
 eral George H. Thomas, and the eulogy on General 
 Hancock at Gettysburg, on Memorial Dav in 1SS6. 
 
 ]\Iajor Lambert has always been held in the 
 highest esteem by his fellow citizens, and has been 
 intrusted with important trusts. In 1S92 he was ap- 
 pointed a member of the Board having in charge the 
 public charities of Philadelphia, and in September of 
 the same ^-ear he was made President of the Depart- 
 ment, a position of honor and of great responsibility 
 in the wide exercise of a true philanthropv. 
 
COLONEL DAVID BREMER HENDERSON. 
 
271 
 
 Colonel DAVID BREMER HENDERSON. 
 
 As a brave soldier, an able political leader, and a 
 learned advocate, has attained a prominence in the 
 annals of his country reached by comparatively few. 
 Born in Scotland, March 14, 1840, he came with his 
 parents to this country- at the early age of six 3-ears. 
 The family located in Illinois for three years, and in 
 1849 removed to Iowa. Young Henderson worked 
 on his father's farm, near Dubuque, attending the 
 public schools, and preparing him.self for the course 
 in the Upper Iowa University with which he com- 
 pleted his education. He had already chosen the pro- 
 fession of the law while at the University, but his 
 entry in this career was interrupted by the breaking 
 out of the Civil War. In September, 1861, a few 
 months after he had passed his twenty-first year, he 
 enlisted as a Private in Company C of the Twelfth 
 Regiment of Iowa Volunteers. His zeal and intelli- 
 gence in the discharge of his duties soon brought him 
 under the favorable notice of his superiors, and he 
 was made First Lieutenant of his company. He 
 served with distinction at the battle of Fort Donel- 
 son, under General Grant, and was severely wounded 
 in the assault, February 14, 1S62. For his conspicu- 
 ous gallantry in this action he was promoted to the 
 grade of Captain. He returned to his command in 
 time to participate in the battle of Corinth in Octo- 
 ber of the same year, in which engagement lie was so 
 seriously wounded as to cause the loss of a leg. In 
 consequence of the severity of this wound he was 
 honorably mustered out of the service in February, 
 1863, and in May following was appointed Commis- 
 
272 
 
 sioner of the Board of Enrollment for the Third Dis- 
 trict of Iowa. This position he held until June, 
 1864, when he again entered the military service, 
 having been commissioned as Colonel of the Forty- 
 sixth Regiment of Iowa Volunteers. He served with 
 this regiment until the close of the war. Having 
 made his preliminary studies of the law while at the 
 University, he completed his course in the law office 
 of Bissell & Shiras of Dubuque, and was admitted to 
 the bar in the latter part of 1S65. A short time sub- 
 sequent to his admission he was appointed Collector 
 of Internal Revenue for the Third District of Iowa, 
 filling the position until June, 1869, when he re- 
 signed, and entered the law firm of Shiras, A'an 
 Duzee & Henderson. He was appointed Assistant 
 United States District Attorney for the Northern Di- 
 vision of the District of Iowa, which office he held 
 for two years, resigning in 1871. His prominence as 
 a political leader at this period became assured, and 
 his successful leadership was attested by his selection 
 as Chairman of the Republican delegation in three 
 successive National conventions. He was elected to 
 Congress from the Third Iowa Congressional District 
 in 1883, and represented the District from the Forty- 
 eighth to the Fifty-eighth Congress without interrup- 
 tion. He served as Speaker of the House during the 
 Fifty-sixth and Fifty-seventh Congresses. He was 
 renominated in 1892, but declined further service in 
 the Lower House. General Henderson's retirement 
 from active political life was strongly opposed by 
 many of the prominent members of the party 
 who had predicted still higher political preferment. 
 General Henderson resumed the practice of his pro- 
 fession in Dubuque, where he is meeting with the 
 success that is commensurate with his great abilities. 
 
COMMANDER CHARLES E. COLAHAN. 
 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
275 
 
 Commander CHARLES E. COLAHAN. 
 
 United States Navy. 
 
 Was a native of Pennsylvania, and was ap- 
 pointed to the Naval Academy from that State in 
 1S65. He served his conntry faithfully and well 
 from the date of his appointment to the time of his 
 death in 1904. During his long career in the Navv 
 it may trul}- be said of him that he never evaded duty 
 no matter how disagreeable. He was acti\elv em- 
 ployed during his entire period of service in most 
 conspicuous duties, being Executive (3fT(icer of the 
 Detroit during the war with Spain, and as Com- 
 mandant of Cadets at the Naval Academy from 1900 
 to 190-J. 
 
 It has been the lot of few men to have made and 
 kept so manv friends. Known throughout the 
 Navy by young and old, to the young officer he 
 was the beau ideal of what a Naval officer should be. 
 He displaved in his life that high sense of duty and 
 loyalty which, combined with courtes\' and considera- 
 tion for others, ever resulted in the best work enthu- 
 siastically performed. To the older members of the 
 service he was a loved friend on whom, in official and 
 in private life, the fullest dependence was placed. 
 
 In him the Navy had a devoted servant whose 
 aim from youth up was to advance its interest and to 
 add to its efficiency. He left a memory of priceless 
 value to his countrv and to his service. 
 
276 
 
 Rear Admiral THOMAS H. vSTEVENvS. 
 
 Was born in Honolulu, Sandwich Islands. Son 
 of the late Rear Admiral Thomas H. Stevens, and 
 grandson of Thomas Holdup Stevens. Appointed to 
 Naval Academy, 1S63, by President Lincoln, from 
 among sons of officers; graduated, 1868; 1868-9, 
 Pacific Fleet, steamer Resaca, Mexican and Lower 
 California coasts ; Mohican, on scientific expedition 
 to Siberia for observation of total eclipse of sun, 
 August, 1869. Promoted to Ensign, July 22, 1869; 
 Michigan and Colorado, 1869-70. Promoted to Mas- 
 ter, 1870; on duty in Pacific Squadron, 1870-3, flag- 
 ship Ossipee and sloop Cyane ; while attached to 
 latter ship, participated in survey of Isthmus of 
 Tehuantepec for construction of Interoceanic Canal ; 
 temporarily attached to Jamestown ; flagship Pensa- 
 cola, 1872-3, in South Pacific; May, 1873, com- 
 manded a company of " blue jackets " during the 
 temporary occupation of Panama b}^ armed forces 
 from Pensacola and Tuscarora, for protection of 
 American interests in time of a rebellion ; latter part 
 of 1873, duty at Navy Yard, Norfolk, Va.; Novem- 
 ber, 1S73, Navigator of torpedo-boat Mayflower, at 
 time of Spanish-American complications. Commis- 
 sioned as Lieutenant, January 23, 1874 ; flagship 
 Franklin, European Station, 1874-6; Marion, same 
 Station, October, 1876, to April, 1877; Executive 
 Officer, receiving-ship Passaic, 1878; Torpedo vSta- 
 tion, Newport; 1879-80, flagship Richmond, Asiatic 
 Station; iSSi, Fleet Signal Officer, Pacific Station ; 
 
REAR ADMIRAL THOMAS H. STEVENS. 
 
2 79 
 
 l882, duty at Navy Department (War Records); 
 same year, Miantononioh and Galena; 18S4-6, Asi- 
 atic Station ; Ranger, Pacific Station (Behring Sea), 
 November, 1891,10 June, 1893; Yorktown, Behring 
 Sea and Asiatic Station, May, 1894, to July, 1895. 
 Lieutenant-Commander, February _>, 1896; Cincin- 
 nati, North Atlantic and European Stations, May, 
 1896, to August. 1897 ; Norfolk Navy Yard, Septem- 
 ber, 1897, Philadelphia, July, 189S. Promoted Com- 
 mander, March 29, 1899, and to Captain in 1904; 
 Navy Yard, Norfolk, November 2, 1899; command- 
 ing Manila, July 16, 1900, where he remained on 
 duty until February 11, 1905, when at his own re- 
 quest he was retired with the rank of Rear Admiral. 
 As Executive Officer of the flagship Philadelphia, he 
 commanded the Naval battalion and Hawaiian Na- 
 tional Guard on the occasion of the substitution of 
 the United States for the Hawaiian flags, a singular 
 coincidence, as he was at the time the only native of 
 Honolulu who was a commissioned officer ol the 
 United States Navy. 
 
 During the war in the Philippines he com- 
 manded the gunboat Manila for eighteen months, 
 only relinquishing his command at the instance of a 
 Medical Board of Survey. 
 
 After service at the Mare Island and Puget 
 Sound Navy Yards — Captain of the Yard at the lat- 
 ter — he attended tlie course at the Naval War Col- 
 lege — summer of 1903 — and was then ordered as 
 Captain of the Yard at the Pensacola Navy Yard, 
 Warrington, Fla. 
 
2 So 
 
 Major General JOHN A. DIX. 
 
 United States 1 'oljinteeis. 
 
 Was born in Boscawen, New Hampshire, Jnl}^ 
 24, 1798; died in New York City, April 21, 1S79. 
 In December, 181 2, he was appointed Cadet, and, go- 
 ing to Baltimore, aided his father, Major Timothy 
 Dix, of the Fonrteenth United States Infantry, and 
 also stndied at St. Maiy's College. He was made 
 Ensign in 1813, and accompanied his regiment, tak- 
 ing part in the operations on the Canadian frontier. 
 Subsequently he served in the Twenty-first Infantr}' 
 at Fort Constitution, New Hampshire, -where he be- 
 came Second Lieutenant in March, 1S14, and in 
 August was transferred to the Third Artillery, and 
 stationed at Fortress Monroe ; but continuous ill 
 health led him to resign his commission in the x'Yrmy 
 July 29, 1S28, after attaining the rank of Captain. 
 
 He then began the practice of law. From 1845 
 till 1S49 he was United States Senator from New 
 York, and in 1861 served as President Buchanan's 
 Secretary of the Treasury. At the beginning of the 
 Civil War he took an active part, and he organized 
 and sent to the front seventeen regiments, and was 
 appointed one of tlie four Major Generals to com- 
 mand the New York State forces. In June following 
 he was commissioned Major General, and ordei'ed to 
 Washington b}' General Scott to command the Ar- 
 lington and Alexandria Department. Afterwards 
 was sent to Baltimore to command the Marvland De- 
 
MAJOR GENERAL JOHN A. DIX. 
 
 UNITED STATES VOLUNTEERS 
 
2S3 
 
 partment, and by his energetic and judicious meas- 
 ures that State was prevented from going over to the 
 Confederate cause. In May, 1S62, he was sent from 
 Baltimore to Fortress Monroe, and in the summer of 
 1S63, after the trouble connected with the draft riots, 
 he was transferred to New York as Commander of 
 the Department of the East, which place he held un- 
 til the close of the war. In 1872 he was elected Gov- 
 ernor of the State of New York. He was a man of 
 very large reading and thorough culture, spoke sev- 
 eral languages fluently, and was distinguished for 
 proficiency in classical studies, and for ability and 
 elegance as an orator. 
 
:S4 
 
 Medical Director GEORGE PECK. 
 
 United Stales Navy. 
 
 Was born at Orange, New Jersey ; graduated at 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, 
 March 6, 1847; received June 27, 1S57, lionorar}- de- 
 gree of A. M. from College of New Jersey ; examined 
 by Board of Naval Medical Ofificers, and found quali- 
 fied for appointment, Januarv 3, 1S51. Commis- 
 sioned Assistant Surgeon, Februar}' 25, 1851 ; or- 
 dered to the Cyane, Home Squadron, August 23, 
 1851 ; cruised in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea 
 and West Indies ; crossed the Isthmus of Panama 
 before the construction of the railroad ; assisted the 
 survivors of Strain's Expedition to Darien ; journeyed 
 to the Pacific, via the San Juan River and Lake Ni- 
 caragua to San Juan del Sur ; carried dispatches to 
 the United States ^Minister at Leon, and visited the 
 principal cities and towns of Nicaragua ; participated 
 in the bombardment of San Juan del Norte ; detached 
 from the Cyane, September i, 1S54 ; ordered to the 
 Naval Rendezvous, New York, September 13, 1854; 
 detached, October 15, 1S55 ; examined and recom- 
 mended for promotion, April 10, 1S56; ordered to 
 frigate St. Lawrence, Brazil Station, September 20, 
 1856; joined the Paraguay Expedition; detached 
 from the St. Lawrence, Ma^- 11, 1S59; ordered to the 
 receiving-ship North Carolina, New York, July 2, 
 1S59 ; detached and ordered to the steam sloop-of-war 
 Seminole, Brazil Station, IMarch 9, 1S60. Commis- 
 
MEDICAL DIRECTOR GEORGE PECK. 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
2S7 
 
 sioiied Surgeon, May 30, 1861 ; rctunied to tlic 
 United States in tlie vSeniinole, and joined the North 
 Atlantic Blockading Fleet ; served on the Potomac 
 Ri\er during the attempted blockade by rebel batter- 
 ies, and took part in the capture of Port Royal, Fer- 
 nandina and Norfolk, and the batteries at Sewell's 
 Point ; witnessed the burning of the rebel ram Mer- 
 rimac ; detached from the Seminole, July 9, 1S62 ; 
 ordered to the Marine Rendezvous, New York, Aug- 
 ust iS, i,S62 ; detached, vSeptember 24, 1S64, and 
 ordered to the Dictator, Xoith Atlantic Blockading 
 Fleet; detached, September 2, 1S65, and ordered to 
 the Vanderbilt, convoy of the Monadnock, via vStrait 
 of Magellan, to San Francisco; en route witnessed 
 the bombardment of \'alparaiso and Callao bv the 
 vS])aniards : \-olunteered to aid in care of the wounded 
 after the action at Callao, and assisted the medical 
 officer in charge aboard the Villa de IVIadrid, of the 
 Spanish Fleet ; visited the Peruvian Hospital ashore, 
 and tendered service to the medical officer in charge; 
 detached, June 28, 1866, and accompanied Commodore 
 John Rodgers from San Francisco to the Atlantic 
 Coast before the completion of the railway, escorted 
 by a squadron of United States Caxalr}- ; ordered to 
 Navy Yard. New York, April i, 1867; detached, 
 May 20, 1S69, and ordered to the frigate Sabine, 
 May 25, 1869; received aboard from the Naval Acad- 
 emy, the graduated class of midshipmen, and sailed 
 on a practice-cruise to Pvurope and Brazil ; detached, 
 July 28, 1870; ordered to the Navy Yard, New York, 
 September 15, 1870. Commissioned Medical Inspec- 
 tor, May 28, 1871 ; detached. May 11, 1872, and 
 ordered to the North Atlantic Fleet ; reported on 
 
288 
 
 board the flagship Worcester, at Key West, for duty 
 as Surgeon of the Fleet ; detached, December 26, 
 1873 ; ordered as member of the Retiring Board and 
 for examination of officers for promotion, Washing- 
 ton, Februar}' 25, 1874; detached April 10, 1877, and 
 appointed member of Naval Medical Examining 
 Board, December i, 1S77 ; ordered to examination for 
 promotion, Januar}- 14, 1S78. Commissioned Medi- 
 ical Director, of the grade of Captain, from Janu- 
 ary 7, 1878 ; detached and ordered, April 30, 1S79, as 
 member of Retiring Board and President of Medical 
 Examining Board ; detached, and ordered as Presi- 
 dent of Board of Physical Examination of officers 
 for promotion, September 3, 1S79; detached, Febru- 
 ary 29, 18S0, and ordered as member of Naval Medical 
 Examining Board, Philadelphia, Pa., March i, iSSo; 
 ordered INIedical Director of Naval Hospital, Mare 
 Island, California, July 2, 1880; detached October S, 
 1883, and on leave ; ordered as member of Naval 
 Board of Inspection and Survey, December 15, 1883, 
 and detached, June 3, 1885, and on waiting orders; 
 ordered as member of Court of Inquiry, Washington, 
 Jvine 20, 1884; court dissolved, December 31, 1SS4; 
 ordered as delegate from Medical Department of the 
 Navy to annual meeting of American ]\Iedical Asso- 
 ciation, April 9, 1 884, Washington, and April 23, 
 1885, at New Orleans ; ordered as delegate to repre- 
 sent the Medical Department of the Nav}- at the 
 Ninth International Medical Congress, Washington, 
 August 28, 1887 ; ordered as member of the Examin- 
 ing Board, Navy Department, Washington, Novem- 
 ber 5, 1887, and detached, July 9, 1S88 ; and from 
 length of service, in conformit}- with Chapter III, 
 
289 
 
 Section 1444, Revised Statutes of the United States, 
 transferred to the retired list of officers of tlie Navy. 
 Member of the American Medical Association, Amer- 
 ican Academy of Medicine, American Public Health 
 Association, New York Academy of Medicine, New 
 York Society for the Relief of Widows and Orphans 
 of Medical Men, Military Order of the Loyal Legion 
 of the United States, New Jersey Historical Society, 
 Washington Headquarters Association, Morristown, 
 New Jerse}', and Sons of the American Revolution, 
 Societ}' of New Jersey. 
 
290 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel ALFRED CROMELIEN. 
 
 Was born at Philadelphia, February 15, 1S40; 
 son of George Cromelien, and grandson of David I. 
 Cromelien, prominent old time Philadelphia mer- 
 chants ; educated at the school of Dr. John W. Faires, 
 Philadelphia. Married, first, 1864, to Edith, daugh- 
 ter of the late Henry Cohen ; by whom survive three 
 daughters. Secondly, 1S9S, to Anna Smj'th, daugh- 
 ter of the late Francis Sherrett, St. Lucie, Barbados, 
 B. W. I. Entered upon military service, Company I, 
 Unattached Infantry, P. S. M. (Captain Chapman 
 Biddle), April, 1S61. Battery A, First Regiment 
 Artillery, Philadelphia, H. G. (reorganized from above 
 command). In camp, July, 1861. Engaged recruiting 
 Company of Cavalry to November 29, 1861. Ap- 
 pointed Second Lieutenant, November 30, and com- 
 missioned to rank as Second Lieutenant, December 2, 
 1861. Joined his regiment, Fifth Pennsylvania Vol- 
 unteer Cavalry, U. S. A., at Camp Griffin, Virginia, 
 December 2, 1861 (Army of the Potomac, Major Gen- 
 eral George B. McClellan). Engaged in skirmish 
 near Flint Hill, Va., December, 1861. Employed on 
 outpost duty and scouting to February 6, 1862. On 
 Expedition to Flint Hill and Hunter's Mills. En- 
 gaged in skirmish near Germantown, Va. In com- 
 mand of advanced guard, charging and dispersing 
 party of the enemy. Taking prisoners, horses and 
 wagon containing military stores, February 7, 1862. 
 Favorably mentioned in the official report of the offi- 
 
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 LIEUTENANT-COLONEL ALFRED CROMELIEN. 
 
293 
 
 cer coninianding the Expedition, February 8, 1862. 
 On Expedition to Flint Hill and Vienia, Va., Febru- 
 ary 22, 1862. Regiment unattached and in camp 
 near Alexandria, Va., March 14, 1862, having been 
 employed on continnons and arduous duty since 
 November, 186 1. Regiment assigned to duty with 
 the Fourth Corps, Army of the Potomac, March 24, 
 1862, and ordered to the Virginia Peninsula (to re- 
 join the Army of the Potomac), May 8, 1862. En- 
 gaged in scouting on the Peninsula, May and June. 
 Employed in scouting in rear of the Army of the Po- 
 tomac during change of base from the Pamunkey 
 and York Rivers to the James, and during its return 
 from the Peninsular Campaign, June 25 to August 
 17, 1862. Regiment stationed near Williamsburg, 
 Va. Commissioned I'irst Lieutenant, August 18, 
 1862. Engaged in action at Williamsburg, Va.; 
 slightly wounded, and captured September 9, 1862. 
 Released (Special Cartel), September, 1862. Mus- 
 tered as Second Lieutenant, to date March i, 1862. 
 Amended b}- " Remuster No. 392,015," to date Janu- 
 ary 8, 1862 ; as First Lieutenant, to date August 27, 
 1862. With his regiment, and engaged in scouting to 
 six, nine and twelve mile ordinaries — Olive Branch 
 Church — Centreville, and towards the Chickahominy, 
 October and November, 1862. On reconnoissance from 
 Yorktown into Gloucester (Matthews, Middlesex), 
 King and Queen Counties, Va., under command of 
 Brigadier General Henry M. Naglee (by whose order 
 placed in command of his Troop C, and by whom 
 commended), December 11-15, 1863. With his regi- 
 ment and in command of Squadron (Troops C and 
 F), on scout to Burnt Ordinary, Va., January, 1863. 
 
294 
 
 Eniplo3-ed in scouting, Januar\-, Februar}- and March. 
 Engaged in action near Williamsburg, Va., April ii, 
 1863. Officer of the Day (in command of camp; ef- 
 fective force present for dut}-, 24 men). Regiment at 
 the front (Fort Magruder) to repel attack of the en- 
 eni}-. Camp attacked in the rear and burned b^• Bat- 
 talion of the enemy's Infantry, which had left main 
 column of attacking force at Williamsburg, and suc- 
 ceeded in reaching rear by a forced flank march. 
 Held enemy in check for nearl}- an hour. Dispatched 
 his orderl}^ to the front with report and request for 
 reinforcement. Enemy about this time withdrew to 
 the cover of the woods in his rear and flank, having 
 been foiled in his main object — attack on rear of reg- 
 iment. Again dispatched report. Small detachment 
 sent with an officer who transmitted order from the 
 commanding officer of the regiment to Lieutenant 
 Cromelien to take four men ! and reconnoitre the 
 woods. In carrying out said order, surrounded by a 
 greatlv superior force of the enemy, and after the 
 wounding of one of his small party, made prisoner 
 of war, April 11, 1863. Confined in Libb}' Prison, 
 Richmond, Va. Paroled May 6, and exchanged 
 Ma}' 16, 1863. Detailed for staff duty as Acting 
 Aide-de-Camp, Ma}- 23, 1S63 (for services on April 
 II, 1863). Headquarters (First) Advance Brigade 
 (First Division, Fourth Army Corps on the Virginia 
 Peninsula), stationed 'at Fort Magruder, Colonel R. 
 M. West commanding. Granted twenty days (sick) 
 leave of absence from January i, but on learning of 
 projected Expedition up the Peninsula towards Rich- 
 mond, declined, and returned same to headquarters. 
 On Expedition up the Virginia Peninsula, June and 
 
295 
 
 Jul}-. Demonstration against Richmond, Jul}' i and 
 2. Engaged near Bottom's Bridge, Va., Jnl}- 2, 
 i<S63. Favorably mentioned in special orders from 
 Brigade Headquarters, August ii, 1863. Brigade 
 relieved, and regiments and battalions composing 
 same assigned to other commands, August 15, 
 1863. With his regiment and employed on scouting 
 and outpost duty to September i, under orders of 
 Brigadier General I. J. Wistar, b}- whom favorably 
 noticed. Regiment ordered to Norfolk, Va., Septem- 
 ber 8, 1863 (Dept. Va. and N. C. Headquarters, Fort 
 Monroe, Major General John G. Foster). Resigned 
 on account of physical disability occasioned by ex- 
 posure on continued arduous service whilst unfit for 
 duty since June i. Resignation accepted and honor- 
 ably discharged, September 23, 1863. 
 
 Captain and Aide-de-Camp, November 5, 1875, 
 in N. G. of Pa., First Brigade (First Division), 
 Headquarters at Philadelphia (I) Brigadier General 
 H. P. Muirhead, (H) Colonel R. Dale Benson, com- 
 manding. Served as Aide-de-Camp to May 10, 
 1876. Major and Brigade Inspector, May 10, 1876. 
 First Brigade (First Division). Headquarters at 
 Philadelphia, Brigadier General Robert Morton Brin- 
 ton, commanding. Served as Brigade Inspector 
 to March 14, 1S77. Lieutenant-Colonel and Assis- 
 tant Adjutant General, March 14, 1S77, First Di- 
 vision. Headquarters at Philadelphia, Major General 
 Robert Morton Brinton, commanding. At Jeflferson, 
 New Hampshire, in July, when learning of the rail- 
 road riots in Pennsylvania, and ordering out of the 
 troops, immediately reported for duty at headquarters 
 of the First Division at Pittsburg, Pa. On the 
 
296 
 
 reopening of the Lackawanna & Bloomsburg Rail- 
 road, with the Advanced Guard on the night march 
 through the disaffected districts of Avondale, Ply- 
 mouth and Kingston, August 2, 1877. At Jefferson, 
 N. H., August II. Resigned at Jefferson, N. H., 
 August 20. Favorably mentioned, September, 1877, 
 in the official report on the operations of the First 
 Division, for efficient service during the disturbances 
 in Pennsylvania, July, 1877. Honorabl}- discharged, 
 September 5, 1877. 
 
DAVID M. GREENE. 
 
299 
 
 DAVIIJ M. GREENE. 
 
 Consulting Engineer; Director, 1879-1891, of 
 the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N. Y.; 
 was graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 
 August 29, 1851 ; Assistant Engineer Erie Canal 
 Enlargement and on railroads, 1852-1855 ; Professor 
 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1855-1861 ; Third 
 Assistant Engineer, U. S. N., May 23, 1861 ; Second 
 Assistant Engineer, (3ctober 28, 1862 ; First Assis- 
 tant Engineer, January i, 1865 ; resigned, September 
 16, 1869; Assistant Professor U. S. Naval Academy, 
 1862-1865 ; Assistant to Engineer-in-Chief, U. S. 
 Navy, Navy Department, Washington, 1865-1868; 
 private practice, 1869-1874; Division Engineer, Eas- 
 tern Division, Erie Canal, 1874; Deputy State Engi- 
 neer, N. Y., 1874-1878; elected Director Rensselaer 
 Polytechnic Institute, September, 187S; resigned, 
 1891 ; member American Society of Civil Engineers, 
 Society Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, 
 American Society Naval Engineers, New England 
 Society of Naval Engineers, Society of Founders and 
 Patriots, Sons of American Revolution, Military 
 Order of the Loyal Legion of the U. S., Naval Order 
 of the U. S. 
 
;oo 
 
 Brigadier General ROBERT L. MEADE. 
 United States Marine Coif>s. 
 
 Was born in District of Cohinibia. Appointed 
 from Tennessee. Commissioned as Second Lienten- 
 ant, June 14, 1S62 ; Marine Barracks, Gosport, 1S62 ; 
 Marine Barracks, Brooklyn, 1S62-3 ; had command 
 of a company of Marines on duty in the city of New 
 York during the eight days' riot in that city in July, 
 1863 ; S. A. Blockading Squadron, 1S63 ; taken pris- 
 oner, September 7, 1S63, in the night attack on Fort 
 Sumter; brevetted First Lieutenant for gallant and 
 meritorious services. Commissioned as First Lieu- 
 tenant, April 2, 1S64; ]\Iarine Barracks, Brookl\-n, 
 1864-5 i steam-sloop Shenandoah, Asiatic 'Squadron, 
 1S65-9; Navy Yard, Philadelphia, 1S69-72 ; Marine 
 Barracks, Brooklyn, 1S73 ; ^Michigan, on the Lakes, 
 1873-4; Marine Barracks, Brookhm, 1S75-S. Com- 
 missioned as Captain, 1876; Fleet Marine Officer, S. 
 A. Station, 1877-9; Marine Barracks, Brooklyn, 
 1S79-82 ; ALarine Barracks, Boston, 1SS3-5; Marine 
 Barracks, Brooklyn, 18S5'; Marine Barracks, Pensa- 
 cola, 1885 ; expedition to Panama, April and Ma}-, 
 1885 ; Marine Barracks, Brookl\-n, 1886-7 > Alarine 
 Barracks, Boston, Mass., 1887-8; Richmond, S. A. 
 Station, iSSS-90; commanding Marine Barracks, 
 Navv Yard, Washington, 1S90-2. Commissioned 
 Major, September 6, 1S92 ; Marine Barracks, Navy 
 
BRIGADIER GENERAL ROBERT L. MEADE. 
 
 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS. 
 
303 
 
 Yard, League Island, Pa., 1892 ; Marine Barracks, 
 Boston, 1S94 to 1897 ; Marine Barracks, Navy Yard, 
 Portsmouth, December, 1897, to 1898; April, 1898, 
 U. S. S. New York, June, 1898 ; Marine Barracks, 
 New York, 1900 to 1902. Commissioned Colonel, 
 March 3, 1899 ; retired, December 26, 1903 ; Brigadier 
 General, 1905. 
 
304 
 Rear Admiral JAMES RUFUS TRYON. 
 
 United States Navy {retired). 
 
 Was born in Coxsackie, N. Y., September 24, 
 1837. Was graduated from Union College, 1858, 
 Ph. D., in 1891 ; LL. D., 1895. Appointed Assistant 
 Surgeon, September 22, 1863 ; West Gulf Squadron, 
 1863-5 \ after the fight at Mobile Bay had the 
 wounded under his charge at Naval Hospital, Pensa- 
 cola, Fla.; Naval Hospital, Boston, 1865-6 ; detailed 
 to make a special report for the Department of the 
 wounded treated there during the war ; Assistant 
 Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, 1S66-70. Promot- 
 ed to Passed Assistant Surgeon, 1866 ; to Surgeon, 
 1873 ; Asiatic Station, 1870-3 ; had charge, during 
 that time, of the temporar}- Smallpox Hospital at 
 Yokohama, during the epidemic of that disease in 
 1871, and also appointed by Rear Admiral John Rod- 
 gers, then in command of the Station, to superin- 
 tend the building of the present United States Naval 
 Hospital at Yokohama, Japan ; special duty. New 
 York, and 3'ellow fever epidemic, Navy Yard, Pen- 
 sacola, Fla., 1873-6; N. A. Station, 1876-9; special 
 duty, New York, 1S79-82 ; Alaska, Pacific Station, 
 South Pacific Coast and Sandwich Islands, 1882-3 j 
 member Examining Board, Philadelphia, 1883-4; del- 
 egate International Medical Congress at Copenhagen, 
 Denmark, 1884 ; afterwards Quinnebaug, European 
 Station and African Coast, until 1887; Marine Ren- 
 dezvous, New York, 1888; special diity and member 
 
REAR ADMIRAL JAMES RUFUS TRYON. 
 UNITED STATES N A VY 1 RETIRED i. 
 
307 
 
 of Medical Examining Board, New York, 1888-91; 
 received the honorary degree of Ph. D., Union Col- 
 lege, 1S91 ; LL. D., 1895. Promoted Medical In- 
 spector, September 22, 1891 ; 1 891-3, flagship Chi- 
 cago, N. A. Station ; duty at Montevideo, Uruguay, 
 and La Guayra, Venezuela. Recei\ed the decora- 
 tion of the " Busto del Libertador," for services 
 rendered the wounded of both parties at Macuto 
 during the revolution in \'enezuela. Promoted to 
 Surgeon General United States Navy, with the rank 
 of Commodore, and Chief of Bureau of Medicine and 
 Surgery, Navy Department, May 10, 1893-7. Pro- 
 moted to Medical Director, January-, 1897; General 
 Inspector of Hospitals, October, 1897 ; delegate In- 
 ternational Congress of Hygiene and Demography, 
 Madrid, vSpaiu, 1898. Retired September 24, 1899, 
 with rank of Rear Admiral. 
 
3o8 
 
 Medical Inspector AARON S. OBERLY. 
 
 United States Navy. 
 
 Was born in Penns^-lvania, April 7, 1837. Ap- 
 pointed an Assistant Snrgeon from Connecticnt, 
 July I, i<S6i, and commissioned Jnh' 30, 1S61 ; at- 
 tached to receiving-ship Ohio, Boston, and to frigate 
 Sabine, i86t ; gunboat Kineo, West Gulf Blockad- 
 ing Squadron, 1862-3 ! present during the bombard- 
 ment and passage of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, 
 1862 ; at the passage of the batteries at Port Hudson 
 by Farragut's Fleet, March 14, 1863 ; engagement 
 with batteries at Grand Gulf, Donaldsonville, battle 
 of Baton Rouge, and siege of Port Hudson, 1862-3 i 
 at the request of the ]\Iedical Director, on duty with 
 the Army during the siege of Port Hudson, and, 
 owing to want of Army surgeons, assisted also in 
 caring for the Union and Confederate -wounded after 
 the attack on Fort Butler, 1863 ; Naval Academy, 
 1863-4, including summer cruise of the IMacedonian ; 
 steamer Santiago de Cuba, 1S64-5 ; present during 
 both bombardments on Fort Fisher, in December, 
 1864, and January, 1865 ; Naval Hospital, New 
 York, and steamer Rhode Island, 1865 ; Navy Yard, 
 New York, 1S66. Commissioned as Surgeon, June 19, 
 1866; Naval Station, Mound City, Illinois, 1866-8; 
 steam sloop Narragansett, West Indies, 1869; sloop 
 Portsmouth, South Atlantic Sqi:adron, 1870-1 ; re- 
 ceiving-ship and Navy Yard at Boston, 1871-3; iron- 
 clad Dictator, North Atlantic Fleet, 1874-5 ; Navy 
 
MEDICAL INSPECTOR AARON S. OBERLY 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
ill 
 
 Yard and Hospital, Pensacola, Florida, 1875-9; Tor- 
 pedo Station, Newport, R. I., 1879-80; U. S. S. Pow- 
 hatan, North Atlantic Station, 1880-1 ; U. S. S. 
 Richmond, and as Fleet Snrgeon of the Asiatic Sta- 
 tion, 1 88 1-4. Commissioned as Medical Inspector 
 March 4, 1SS4; U. S. Navy Yard and Hospital, 
 Portsmouth, N. H., 1884-8; U. S. S. Richmond, 
 1888. Retired, January, 18S9, from causes incident 
 to exposure on Asiatic Station, 1881-4. 
 
312 
 
 Major and Brevet Lieut.-Colonel \V. R. SMEDBERG. 
 United States Ariny. 
 
 Was born at 2 2 Beach Street, in New York Cit}-, 
 on the 19th of March, 1S39. Son of Charles Gus- 
 taviis Smedberg and Isabella Renwick, his wife ; 
 grandson of William Renwick and Jane Jaffrav, his 
 wife. He entered the Columbia College, New York, 
 in 1S53, graduating in June, 1S57. Enlisted in Com- 
 pany F of the New York Seventh Regiment July, 
 1858, remaining with it until 1S60, when he was hon- 
 orabl}- discharged on account of removal to Cit}- of 
 Washington, D. C, where he resided until the break- 
 ing out of the war. He enlisted in the United States 
 service on the 15th of April, 1861, under the Presi- 
 dent's first call for volunteers, as Private in the 
 National Rifles, Company A, Third Battalion, Dis- 
 trict of Columbia \'oluuteers. Was promoted Cor- 
 poral ; served in the Potomac and Patterson Cam- 
 paigns, and was honoiably discharged Juh' 4, 1861, 
 at Harper's Ferry, to accept the commission as First 
 Lieutenant in the Fourteenth United States Infantry, 
 with rank from Jkla\- 14, 1861. He joined the regi- 
 ment at Fort Trumbull, Conn., and assisted in the 
 organization of the First Battalion ; moved with it to 
 Perrj'ville, Md.. in October, iS5i, during which 
 period he was Adjutant of the Battalion ; promoted 
 Captain Fourteenth United States Infantry, Octo- 
 ber 25, 1S61 ; he organized his company at Perr}-- 
 ville, Md., and in March, 1S62, with it joined S^'kes' 
 
MAJOR AND BREVET LIEUT.-COLONEL W. R. SMEDBERG. 
 
 UNITED STATES ARMY. 
 
0^5 
 
 Division of the Army of the Potomac at Washing- 
 ton, D. C, and soon afterwards proceeded to Fortress 
 Monroe with the division of regnlar infantry. With 
 his regiment he participated in the siege of York- 
 town, march up the Peninsula, battle of Gaines Mills, 
 June 27, 1S62, retreat to the James River, and en- 
 gagements at White Oak Swamp, the Charles City 
 Cross-roads, and also the battle of Malvern Hill. 
 Retreating from the Peninsula he took part in the 
 second battle of Bull Run and battles of South 
 Mountain and Antietam ; also Fredericksburg. Ow- 
 ing to sickness he was not present with his regiment 
 at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, but joined it at 
 the time of the draft riots in New York, and again 
 proceeded to the field and took part in the Campaign 
 of Mine Run. He was appointed Division Inspector, 
 First Division, Fifth Army Corps, by General 
 Charles Grififin in April, 1864, and took part in the 
 battle of the Wilderness during which he was 
 wounded by a shell carrying off his right foot, caus- 
 ing amputation of the leg below the knee. Recruit- 
 ing service in New York City and mustering and 
 disbursing service in Washington, D. C, until Aug- 
 ust, 1865, when he joined his regiment at Hart 
 Island, New York, and in October, 1S65, proceeded 
 to San Francisco with it. December, 1S65, appointed 
 Inspector-General of the Department of California on 
 the staff of General Irvin McDowell. May 26, 1866, 
 Aide-de-Camp of the military division of the Pacific 
 on the staff of Major-General H. W. Halleck, and 
 afterwards Acting Assistant Adjutant-General on the 
 staff of Major-General George H. Thomas, and Aide- 
 de-Camp to Major John M. Schofield until December, 
 
3i6 
 
 1S70, when he was retired from active service with 
 the rank of Captain, mounted. After retirement he 
 entered into the service of the Pacific Mail Steamship 
 Company, and afterwards of that of C. Adolph Low 
 & Co., until 1 88 1, when he entered upon the business 
 of fire insurance, in which he has continued ever 
 since. Colonel Smedberg became a member of the 
 National Guard of California in September, 1874, 
 when he was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel and 
 Division Inspector on the staff of Alajor-General D. 
 W. C. Thompson. January 19, 1876, he was appointed 
 Brigade-Inspector on the staff of Brigadier-General 
 John McComb, Second Brigade, N. G. C, October, 
 1876, elected Colonel of the Second Infantry, N. G. C, 
 and successively re-elected in 1880 and 18S4, resign- 
 ing as Colonel of the Second Artillery, N. G. C, Oc- 
 tober 1885. He was appointed Adjutant-General of 
 the Department of California, Grand Army of the 
 Republic, in February, 1885, and was elected Depart- 
 ■ nient Commander of California, G. A. R., Febru- 
 ar}- 19, 1886. Upon the organization of the Com- 
 mandery of California, Military Order of the Loyal 
 Legion, v. S., Ma}', 1871, he was elected Recorder, 
 and has been re-elected every year since, and is now 
 in his thirty-fifth year of service as Recorder. 
 
COLONEL WILLIAM DALTON MANN. 
 
319 
 
 Colonel WILLIAM D'ALTON MANN. 
 
 Soldier, Inventor and Editor ; born Sanduskj^, 
 O., September 27, 1839; was educated as a Civil En- 
 gineer. At the outbreak of the Civil War entered 
 the Army as Captain of the First Michigan Cavalry. 
 In 1802 he organized the First Mounted Rifles, after- 
 wards known as the Fifth Michigan Ca\alry. Im- 
 mediately following, at urgent request of the Gover- 
 nor, organized and commanded in the field the 
 Seventh Michigan Cavalr_v. Received patents for 
 valuable accoutrements for troops. After the war 
 settled in Mobile, Ala., and engaged in the manufac- 
 ture of cotton seed oil and railroad construction, and 
 was the proprietor of the Mobile "Register." In 
 January, 1S72, patented the boudoir car, and spent 
 the next ten years in Europe introducing it there. 
 He returned in 1SS3, settled in New York City, and 
 established the Mann Boudoir Car Company. After- 
 wards sold out to the Pullman Car Company. Be- 
 came Owner and Editor of " Town Topics " in 1891. 
 In 1900 founded "The Smart Set" Magazine. Is a 
 member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion 
 
^20 
 
 Commander BRADLEY ALLEN" EISKE. 
 
 United States A^avy. 
 
 Was born at Lyons, N. Y., June 13, 1854. Ap- 
 pointed to United States Naval Academy, Septem- 
 ber 21, 1S70. Was graduated, second in class, May 
 30, 1874. Served in U. S. S. Saratoga, Constellation, 
 Pensacola, Plymouth, PoAvhatan, Minnesota, Brook- 
 lyn, Atlanta, Yorktown, Petrel, Monadnock and 
 Massacbusetts. In 1S77, invented bis detacbing ap- 
 paratus for lowering boats in a seaway, wliicb is still 
 in use in many sbips. In 1S83 wrote " Electricit}' 
 and Electrical Engineering," wbicb is still (1905) 
 selling, in its tentb edition. In 18S4 was member 
 of tbe First International Congress of Electricians. 
 In 1889 invented tbe Naval telescope sigbt. It 
 is rare tbat anv invention bas received sucb general 
 condemnation as tbis received. It was declared 
 not onlj- impracticable, but incorrect in princi- 
 ple. Lieutenant Fiske succeeded, bowever, in coa- 
 vinciug Commander Folger, tbe Cbief of Bureau of 
 Ordnance tbat it was a great invention, and in hav- 
 ing it put on board the U. S. S. Yorktown for trial. 
 But when Lieutenant Fiske was ordered to tbe ship 
 a year later, be found it bad not been unpacked, and 
 tbat all tbe officers, especially tbe Captain, deemed it 
 too foolish to waste time on. After the inventor's 
 persistent requests, bowever, the Captain finally per- 
 mitted him to test it, but lie became still more con- 
 vinced of its wortblessness by tbe tests, reported 
 
COMMANDER BRADLEY ALLEN FISKE. 
 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
323 
 
 against it officially, and refused to allow any more 
 ammunition to be used to test it. The Chief of Bu- 
 reau of Ordnance then gave orders that its test be 
 continued nevertheless ; and in Unalaska Lieutenant 
 Fiske, in 1.S92, succeeded in making such an unpar- 
 alleled record with it, that its value was demonstrated 
 beyond doubt. As no one else seemed disposed to 
 report on it, however, he had to make the official re- 
 port on it himself, and the Chief of Bureau of Ord- 
 nance accepted it, and began to consider seriously the 
 adoption of the system in the Navy. In Alay, i<S94, 
 Lieutenant Fiske made a still more extraordinary 
 record with his invention, and proved so conclusively 
 that it abolished the principal error in Naval gun- 
 nery, that the Department shortly after adopted it for 
 the service. This invention is now in u.se in all the 
 principal Navies of the world, as the " Text Book of 
 Ordnance and Gunnery," used at the United States 
 Naval Academy, says : " The Naval telescope sight is 
 an improvement of such importance as to be ranked 
 with the change from smooth bore to rifled cannon." 
 In 1S92 Lieutenant Fiske invented tlie stadimeter, a 
 portable little optical instrument, by means of wliich 
 the distance of a ship can be quickly measured, if the 
 height of her mast be known. This instrument is 
 supplied to all the ships of our Navy. In 1894 
 Lieutenant Fiske was ordered by the Chief of Bu- 
 reau of Ordnance to investigate the applicability of 
 electricity to turning the turrets of battleships. 
 After trying several plans, he reported that the 
 Ward Leonard System was the most promising. 
 After two years of testing variotis ways of applj'ing 
 this system, it was finally adapted perfectly to the 
 
324 
 
 work, the culminating invention for adapting it 
 being made and patented by Lieutenant Fiske. In 
 spite of the strenuous opposition of the Bureau of 
 Construction, Lieutenant Fiske's recommendation 
 that it be tested in competition with that Bureau's 
 steam system on board a ship at sea was final!}- 
 adopted, and the result of the test was an overwhelm- 
 ing victory for the electric S3'stem. This system, 
 with no important change of any kind, has been put 
 into all the battleships and armored cruisers con- 
 structed since that time, and marks a distinct advance 
 in the application of science to Naval needs. In 
 1S96 Lieutenant Fiske invented the electric warning 
 whistle, by means of which the alarm is given in the 
 various compartments below, when the water-tight 
 doors are to be closed. This invention has been in- 
 stalled in practically all our warships constructed 
 since that time. In 1S96 Lieutenant Fiske invented 
 the Naval electric semaphore. This was installed in 
 the flagship New York of the North Alantic Fleet, 
 and the inventor was immediately sent to Asia. The 
 apparatus was shortly afterwards condemned, and put 
 out of the ship. When Lieutenant-Commander 
 Fiske returned in 1900, he had another semaphore 
 apparatus constructed, like the one in the New York, 
 except that it was operated by mechanical means. 
 He preferred the electrical means himself, but had to 
 viekl to the prejudice in the Navy against electrical 
 things. This apparatus has now been installed in 
 several of the battleships, and it has provided a 
 means of day signalling far better than any used be- 
 fore, but its performance has been altogether eclipsed 
 b}" the electric semaphore, like the one in the New 
 
325 
 
 York, which Commander Fiske put into the Kear- 
 sarge in 1904, and by means of which the unparal- 
 leled record of forty-five displays per minute has been 
 achieved. In 1901 Lieutenant-Commander Fiske in- 
 vented the Naval telescope and mount, which renders 
 it easy to use powerful telescopes on shipboard. In 
 1904 Commander Fiske invented the turret range- 
 finder, an optical instrument by means of which an 
 observer can measure the distance of the enemy while 
 himself protected inside the turret. 
 
 Although devoting him.self largely to the solv- 
 ing of Naval problems by means of mechanism, 
 Commander Fiske has been most fortunate in experi- 
 ences of the military kind. In 1892 he was in \'al- 
 paraiso in the Yorktown during the critical times 
 following the Baltimore incident, and in 1S94 he was 
 in Rio, in Admiral Benham's flagship, when the 
 Fleet was cleared for action, and enforced neutral 
 rights. At the battle of Manila Bay he was Navi- 
 gator of the Petrel. With the permission of the 
 Captain he arranged an observing station aloft, and 
 there he stationed himself, above the smoke, with his 
 stadimeter, and kept the Captain continually in- 
 formed of the distance of the enemj-, and of all that 
 was going on. His view of the battle was probably 
 the clearest that any one got that day, and it was de- 
 scribed by him in the November "Century" that fol- 
 lowed. In the afternoon, after it was seen that the 
 Spanish ships had ceased to fire, the Petrel was or- 
 dered by Dewe}- to go close in to the Cavite Arsenal, 
 and Lieutenant Fiske was sent ashore to the Arsenal 
 by the Captain. He found the Arsenal full of thou- 
 sands of Spanish soldiers and sailors, and he spent a 
 
326 
 
 most interesting afternoon there, with half a dozen 
 men of the Petrel, and finall}^ towed off a lot of 
 Spanish tngs and lannches. He was reported to the 
 Department by the Captain for " eminent and con- 
 spicnous condnct in battle" for his work that day. 
 
 Lientenant Fiske was Navigator of the Petrel at 
 the captnre of ]\Ianila City. He was also Navigator 
 of the monitor Monadnock during the fir.st four 
 months of the Filipino insurrection, when the 
 Alonaduock's light draught and heavy battery en- 
 abled her to support the flank of our Army in its 
 operations on the east side of jManila Ba}-. During 
 this time, besides minor engagements, he took part in 
 the bombardments of Pananaque and Malabon. As 
 Executive Officer of the Yorktown, he took part in 
 the bombardment of San B'ernando. 
 
 Commander Fiske was member of the Naval 
 Wireless Telegraph Boai'd in 1904-5. He received 
 the Elliott Cresson gold medal from the Franklin 
 Institute in 1S93, and the gold medal for the prize 
 essa}- b}- the United States Naval Institute in 1905. 
 He is the aiithor of man}- papers on electrical and 
 and Naval subjects, of which his series of articles in 
 "The United Service Magazine," "Recollections 
 of Manila," received the most attention. 
 
PAYMASTER THOMAS SKELTON HARRISON. 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
329 
 
 Paymaster THOMAvS vSKELTON HARRISON. 
 United States Navy. 
 
 Manufacturer; was born in Philadelphia in 
 1840 ; grandson of John Harrison, who founded the 
 house of Harrison Brothers & Co. He began his 
 business life in the employment of Harrison & New- 
 hall, sugar refiners, and during the Civil War served 
 as Paymaster in the United States Navy from JuU'. 
 1861, to August, 1864, taking part in all the opera- 
 tions along the Atlantic and Florida coasts. He is 
 said to have been the only man in the service besides 
 the Count of Paris who did not draw his pay, he pre- 
 senting this, amounting to $5,400, to the War Li- 
 brary and Museum of the Loyal Legion of Penns^d- 
 vania. After leaving the Navy he became a member 
 of the firm of Harrison Brothers & Co., manufacturers 
 of white lead, paints and chemicals, from which he 
 retired June, :go2. For nuuiy years he was President 
 of the Alanufacturing Chemists' Association, which 
 included over 1,300 establishments, with a total capi- 
 tal of $150,000,000. He was very active in the prep- 
 arations for the Centennial Exposition, and was 
 Chairman of important committees. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Political Reform Committee of One Hun- 
 dred, of the Committee of Fifty, and a warm sup- 
 porter of the Bullitt bill for a reformed municipal 
 administration. In 1897 President McKinley ap- 
 pointed him Diplomatic Agent and Consul General 
 of the United States at Cairo, Egypt. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Loyal Legion, the Union League, and 
 various clubs. 
 
330 
 
 Surgeon HENRY C. ECKSTEIN. 
 
 United States Navy. 
 
 Was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ap- 
 pointed Acting Assistant Surgeon, for dutj' aboard 
 U. S. Army Hospital transports, June 20, 1S62 ; on 
 duty aboard Army Hospital transport Daniel Webster 
 No. 2, which was employed in convoying the sick and 
 wounded to hospitals at Fortress Monroe, Baltimore 
 and Philadelphia. Appointed Assistant Surgeon of 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, August 2, 1862 ; afterwards 
 honorably discharged, and commissioned Assistant 
 Surgeon in U. S. Navy, December 24, 1S62 ; U. S. 
 Naval Hospital and Laboratory, January to March, 
 1S63 ; frigate Sabine, special service, March to July, 
 1863 ; monitor Passaic, July, 1863, to January, 1864; 
 while on Passaic was in following battles : Attack on 
 Forts Wagner, Gregg, Sumter, and Moultrie ; frigate 
 New Ironsides, February, 1864, to June, 1864; moni- 
 tor Nahant, June to Julv, 1864; monitor Montauk, 
 July, 1864 ; combined Army and Naval Expedition 
 up the Stone River ; the monitors Passaic, Montauk, 
 and Nahant were frequentl}- on advance and reserve 
 picket near Forts Sumter and Moultrie ; Wissa- 
 hickon, S. A. Squadron, July, 1864, to August, 1864 ; 
 Naval Rendezvous, Philadelphia, August, 1864. to 
 ]\Iarch, 1865 ; General Lyon, Mississippi Squadron, 
 March, 1S65, to August, 1865 ; Memphis (supply 
 ship), September to November, 1865 ; receiving-ship 
 Princeton, November, 1865, to February, 1866; re- 
 
SURGEON HENRY C. ECKSTEIN. 
 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
333 
 
 signed, January 31, 1866, and appointed Acting As- 
 sistant Surgeon, February i, 1S66; bark Purveyor, 
 employed in conveying Naval supplies to storehouse 
 at St. Paul de Loanda, South Africa, special service, 
 March to October, 1S66 ; Huron, Kansas and Pawnee, 
 S. A. Station, January, 1867, to July, 1869; during 
 the war between Brazil and Paraguay the U. S. S. 
 Kansas ascended the Parana and Paraguay River as 
 far as Ascencion, the capital of Paraguay ; Guard, 
 Darien Expedition, November, 1870, to July, 1871 ; 
 Naval Hospital, Mare Island, November, 187 1 ; Nar- 
 ragansett, Pacific Station, December, 1S71, to April, 
 1873 ; visited the Hawaiian, Phcenix, Gilbert, Mar- 
 shall and Samoan Islands, and Sydney, Australia; 
 the commanding ofl&cer obtained damages for the de- 
 struction of missionarj' property in Gilbert Islands ; 
 Marine Rendez\-ous, Richmond, May to September, 
 1873 ; recruiting duty, Baltimore, November, 1873, 
 to January, 1S74; receiving-ship St. Louis, Septem- 
 ber to October, 1874; Shawmut, N. A. Station, De- 
 cember, 1874, to January, 1877 ; Naval Hospital, Phil- 
 adelphia, April, 1877, to December, 1879; Alliance, 
 N. A. Station, January, 1880, to November, 1882 ; 
 Jeannette Search Expedition, June to November, 
 1S81 ; steamed north to the ice pack, north of Spitz- 
 bergen in 80 deg. 16 min. north latitude — the fur- 
 thest point north ever reached by a man-of-war ; left 
 the coast of Spitzbergen September 25 ; Naval Hos- 
 pital, Philadelphia, January, 1883, to January, 1884 ; 
 receiving-ship St. Louis, January, 1884, to March, 
 1886 ; Adams, Pacific Station, May, 1886, to March, 
 1889; at Apia, Samoa, during war between two 
 factions of natives ; on duty at hospital on shore near 
 
334 
 
 the English Consulate ; Marine Rendezvous, Phila- 
 delpliia, May, 1S89-92 ; examined and promoted to 
 Passed x'\ssistant Surgeon, November 17, 1873. Com- 
 sioned Surgeon, March 14, 1883 ; during the war 
 with Spain, from June 13, 1898, to January- 3, 1899, 
 on duty at the Post Office Building, Philadelphia, 
 examining physically Acting Assistant Engineers, 
 and physicalh' and professionally Acting Assistant 
 Surgeons and Apothecaries. Retired, May 10, 1893. 
 
HENRY CLAY TRUMBULL, D. D. 
 
337 
 
 HENRY CLAY TRUMBULL, D. D. 
 
 Clergyman, author and editor; was born in 
 Stonington, Conn., June 8, 1830; son of Gurdon and 
 Sarah Ann Trumbull. He was educated at Stoning- 
 ton Academy and Williston Seminary, receiving the 
 degrees of A. M. from Yale and D. D. from Lafayette 
 and University of New York. Married, 1854, Alice 
 Cogswell Gallaudet, who died in 1891. Moved to 
 Hartford in 185 1, and was engaged in the railroad 
 business until 1S58; missionary Connecticut State 
 Sunday School Association, 1858-62, and shortly 
 afterward ordained Congressional minister. He was 
 chaplain of the Tenth Connecticut Regiment, 1862- 
 65 ; was in se\-eral Confederate prisons. New Eng- 
 land Secretary of American Sunda}' School Union, 
 1865-75. Author of " The Knightly Soldier," 1865 ; 
 "A Model Superintendent," 1S80; " Kadish-Barnea," 
 1883; "Teaching and Teachers," 1884; "The Blood 
 Covenant," 1885; "The Threshold Covenant," 1888; 
 "Principles and Practice," 1889; "Hints on Child 
 Training," 1890; "Friendship the Master of Pas- 
 sion," 1891 ; "A Lie Never Justifiable," 1S93 ; 
 "Studies in Oriental Social Life," 1894; "Prater: 
 Its Nature and Scope," 1896 ; " In Tribulation," 
 1896; "Teachers' Meetings," 1896; " War Memories 
 of an Army Chaplain," 1898; "The Covenant of 
 Salt," 1899; "Illustrative Answers to Prayer," 1900; 
 "Individual Work for Individuals," 1901 ; "Old 
 Time Student \"olunteers," 1902. Editor of the 
 Sunday School Times since 1875. Died December 8, 
 1903. 
 
338 
 
 DAVID ISAACS. 
 
 Owner and director of the Prospect House, 
 Niagara Falls ; is a native of New York City ; en- 
 listed at the age of thirteen, and during the war 
 served in the Union Arni}- as a Biigler in the Fifth 
 N. Y. Cavalry- ; began his business career with the 
 Erie Railway at Niagara Falls ; a few years later was 
 placed in charge of the conipan^-'s general ticket 
 office in Buffalo, N. Y.; resigned this position and 
 shortly afterwards opened the Prospect House at Ni- 
 agara Falls on the Canadian side ; when the Prospect 
 House on the Canadian side was taken b}' the Gov- 
 ernment for the Niagara Falls Park in 1S87, Mr. 
 Isaacs built a new hotel on the American side, 
 still retaining the name of Prospect House ; is Presi- 
 dent and General Manager of the Cataract and Inter- 
 national Hotels Co., and Proprietor of the Imperial 
 and Porter Hotels, all at Niagara Falls ; was Rail- 
 road Contractor, having built several miles of the 
 Canadian Pacific Railroad in the Rocky Mountains, 
 and man}- miles of the Grand Trunk Railway in 
 Muskoka ; ex-President of the First National Bank, 
 Niagara Falls, N. Y.; is Correspondent for several 
 prominent newspapers ; President of the N. Y. Hotel 
 Association ; Director of the Board of Colonial and 
 Foreign Governors of the Hotel and Restaurant Pro- 
 tective Society of England ; member of the Adiron- 
 dack Shooting Club, North Channel Shooting Club, 
 Toronto Shooting Club, Long Point, Canada ; Winni- 
 
DAVID ISAACS. 
 
341 
 
 peg Gun Club, Manitoba ; member of Knights Tem- 
 plar, Mystic Shrine, and Knights of Pythias ; is also 
 a member of the Buffalo Volunteer Firemen's Asso- 
 ciation, having served seven years as an active mem- 
 ber and Trustee of Eagle Hose No. 2, which was 
 considered the crack company in the efficient Buffalo 
 Fire Department, and during that time won from 
 this compan}- a gold badge of merit ; is Past Junior 
 Vice-Commander Department of New York, G. A. R., 
 with rank of General ; is a Companion in the Mili- 
 tary Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States ; 
 ex-President of the Fifth N. Y. Veteran Volunteer 
 Cavalr}' Association, and honorable member of the 
 Veterans' Association of the Forty-second Separate 
 Company, N. G., N. Y.; Fire Commissioner and ex- 
 Harbor Commissioner of Niagara Falls. 
 
342 
 
 CHARLES E. CADWALADER. 
 
 Ph^-sician, soldier, philanthropist ; was born in 
 Philadelphia, November 5, 1S39; son of the late 
 Judge Cadwalader ; descended from ancestors identi- 
 fied with the principal public interests and move- 
 ments throughout the history of Penns^dvania ; like 
 his progenitors he has been one of its most public 
 spirited citizens. He is a graduate of the Depart- 
 ments of Arts and Medicine of the University of 
 Pennsylvania, and has had a very active part in the 
 promotion of its interests and in the elevation of the 
 standard of medical education, taking a principal 
 part in the procurement of the State Board of Medi- 
 cal Examiners and Licensers. The Civil War break- 
 ing out at the time of his graduation interrupted the 
 practice of his profession for a number of years. 
 Enlisting in 1S61, in the First City Troop, whose 
 services had been accepted by the United States Gov- 
 ernment, he remained in that branch of the service 
 by accepting a commission in Colonel Rush's Sixth 
 Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment, until transferred by 
 General Hooker as one of his aides on the latter's as- 
 signment to the command of the Army of the Poto- 
 mac. He continued thereafter to serve with the Gen- 
 eral Staff of the Army, General Meade having also 
 appointed him one of his aides on succeeding Gen- 
 eral Hooker in the command. These officers enter- 
 tained a high opinion of Colonel Cadwalader's ser- 
 vices. Colonel Rush promoting him six files to a 
 
CHARLES E. CADWALADER. 
 
345 
 
 Captaincy during the Peninsular Campaign. He 
 about the same time received an appointment as 
 Major in the Third Pennsylvania Cavalry, which he 
 declined, not wishing to leave his regiment. General 
 Hooker in his recommendation for his brevet as 
 Major mentions him as "especially distinguished for 
 his gallantry and meritorious services in the battle of 
 Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863, and the cavalry fight 
 at Brandy Station, June 9, 1863," adding that "he 
 served with marked zeal and devotion." General 
 Meade in his recommendation for his brevet as Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel, .said, " I cannot speak too strongl}- of 
 the activity, zeal and energy displayed by Captain 
 Cadwaladcr during his services under me," and rec- 
 ommended that he be brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel 
 " for distinguished gallantry and good conduct at the 
 battle of Gettysburg and in subsecjuent operations, 
 including the Campaign from the Rapidan to the 
 James in 1S64 and the siege of Petersburg." After 
 the war he resumed the practice of medicine, and is 
 widely known for his philanthropic activities there- 
 with, and in various public and political connections. 
 Member of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the 
 Military Order of the Loyal Legion, Society of Col- 
 onial Wars, Society of the Cincinnati, College of 
 Physicians, and various clubs. 
 
346 
 
 Brigadier General DANIEL W. BENHAM. 
 
 United States Army. 
 
 Was born in Scipio, Seneca Connt}-, Ohio, De- 
 cember 23, 1837. He is a direct descendant of John 
 Bingham, who landed at Dorchester, Massachusetts, 
 from England, in 1630. This ancestor was one of 
 the founders of the City of New Haven, Connecticut. 
 At an earl}' age young Benhr^in removed to Tiffin, 
 Ohio, where he grew to manhood, and received his 
 education in the public schools. He entered the em- 
 ploy of the United States Express Company, of 
 which his father was the local agent, and rapidly 
 mastered the details of the business. In 1S55 he ac- 
 cepted an advanced position with the same company 
 at Sandusky, Ohio, and soon afterward he was still 
 further advanced \yy the company and transferred to 
 the Cincinnati office, where he remained for six years, 
 resigning to enlist, April 20, 1 861, as a Private in 
 Company B, Sixth Ohio Volunteers, the regiment 
 having been raised in response to President Lincoln's 
 first call for volunteers. He was honorabl}- dis- 
 charged August 21, having served one month be3-ond 
 the period of his enlistment. During this period he 
 devoted himself assiduously to the acc|uirement of the 
 duties of a soldier, and his thorough mastery of the 
 details were of great value to him in his after mili- 
 tary career. On October 24, 1S61, he was appointed 
 a Second Lieutenant in the regular Army, and was 
 assigned to the Eighteenth United States Infantry. 
 
BRIGADIER GENERAL DANIEL W BENHAM. 
 UNITED STATES ARMY. 
 
349 
 
 His thorough business education had qualified him 
 eminently for the duties of an executive officer, and 
 he was early assigned to duty as a staff officer. He 
 was engaged in the Campaign in Kentucky under 
 General Thomas, i.':^6i-2 ; the battle of Pittsburg 
 Landing, 1862, under General Buell, and the siege of 
 Corinth and the pursuit of General Bragg, under the 
 same officer in the same campaign. In the latter part 
 of 1S62 and the early months of 1863, he was with 
 General Rosecrans in his Memphis and Chattanooga 
 Campaigns, and in the pursuit of the Confederates 
 after the battle of Mission Ridge. He served under 
 General Sherman in his famous march from " At- 
 lanta to the Sea," participating in all of the engage- 
 ments of that historic campaign, and accompanying 
 that Army in its triumphal march through the Caro- 
 linas and Virginia to \Vashington, terminating in 
 the grand review in May, 1865. 
 
 For his conspicuous gallantry and successful de- 
 fense from capture of a battalion train at the battle 
 of Murfreesborough, Tennessee, December 31, 1862, 
 Lieutenant Benham was brevetted a Captain, and for 
 his bravery in carr\-ing the body of a wounded officer 
 to a place of safety under fire, he was brevetted a 
 Major. His promotion to the grade of First Lieu- 
 tenant was made on February 19, 1862, and he re- 
 ceived his commission as Captain on February 8, 
 1865. 
 
 Soon after the close of the war Captain Benham 
 was assigned to duty on the Western frontier in the 
 suppression of Lidian hostilities, in which depart- 
 ment he rendered conspicuous service, frequently re- 
 ceiving the commendation of his superior officers. 
 
35" 
 
 For his valuable services in administering the aid 
 tendered by the Government to the sufferers by the 
 IMississippi flood in 18S2, he received a highl}- con- 
 gratulatory order from Lieutenant General Sheridan. 
 He was on the staff of General Brooke, at Omaha, 
 Nebraska, as Inspector of Small Arms Practice for 
 five 3'ears, and was specially commended by the com- 
 manding officer for the " marked efficiency with 
 which he performed his important duties." At the 
 conclusion of these duties he was assigned to dut}' as 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of the Seventh United States In- 
 fantry at Fort Logan, Colorado, and in 1S9S was 
 commissioned as Colonel of the same regiment. At 
 the breaking out of hostilities with Spain he pro- 
 ceeded with his regiment to Chickamanga, Georgia, 
 and thence to Tampa, Florida, where he embarked 
 for Cuba. In a forced march to support General 
 Wheeler's attack on the Spaniards, the officers being 
 without horses, Colonel Benham was prostrated by 
 the intense heat, a disability which caused his retire- 
 ment from active duty on July 23, 189S. He was 
 promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General, April 23, 
 1904. Few officers in the service have seen more con- 
 tinuous active dutv than General Benham, and none 
 have been accorded higher praise for conspicuous 
 bravery in action and faithful and intelligent dis- 
 charge of dut}- at all times. 
 
COLONEL SAMUEL B. DICK. 
 
353 
 
 Colonel SAMUEL B. DICK. 
 
 Was born in Meadville, Pa., on October 26, 
 1836, of Scotch-Irish parentage. He was the third 
 son of General John Dick, a member of Congress, 
 and one of the First Associate Judges of Crawford 
 County, Pa. He attended the district schools and 
 Allegheny College, at Meadville, until he went into 
 the banking business with his father. At the com- 
 mencement of the Civil War he organized the Mead- 
 ville Volunteers ; participated in the battle of Drains- 
 ville, Va., 1S61, and was wounded ; 1S62, in the seven 
 days' fight before Richmond and the Second Bull 
 Run ; also South Alountaiu and Antietam ; 1863, 
 was Colonel of the Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania, and 
 marched with them into Western Mrginia. He was 
 engaged in the oil business in its infancy ; was elected 
 to Congress in 1878. A Mason as far back as 1857, 
 he has filled ever}^ grade of official position up to 
 Grand Master of the State ; reorganized bankrupt 
 Shenango and Allegheny and West Pennsylvania 
 and Shenango connecting railroads, and extended 
 the line finally to the Carnegie Steel Works, near 
 Pittsburg. Since his retirement from the Pittsburg, 
 Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad, he is largely inter- 
 ested in the Colorado & Northwestern Railroad, and 
 is President of the Company; President Pennsyl- 
 vania Mining and ^Milling Company of Colorado; 
 President Clinton Mining Company of Colorado; 
 President Meadville Malleable Iron Works, Phcenix 
 Iron Works, and Meadville Gas Company. 
 
354 
 
 General WAGER SWAYNE. 
 
 Was born in Cohimbns, Ohio, November lo, 
 1S34. His father, Judge Noah H. Swa^ne, was 
 placed on the Supreme Court Bench by President 
 Lincoln, that being the first appointment made b}- 
 Mr. Lincoln. General S\va3-ne's earh' education was 
 received in the public schools. He entered Yale Col- 
 lege in the class of 1S55, but at the end of his sopho- 
 more year was prostrated by an attack of typhoid 
 fever, which compelled him to relinquish his studies 
 for a year, a considerable portion of which was spent 
 in Europe. Upon his return he resumed his studies 
 at Yale, and was graduated in the class of 1856. In 
 the same class are found many other prominent 
 names, including those of Chauncc}- M. Depew, 
 Judge David J. Brewer and Henrv B. Bro\\n of the 
 United States Supreme Court. It was largely 
 through the advice of General Swayne that these two 
 distinguished jurists were elevated to the Supreme 
 Court Bench. Upon the completion of his course at 
 Yale, 3-oung Swayne entered the Cincinnati Law 
 School, from which he was graduated in 1S59. Re- 
 turning to Columbus he entered upon the practice of 
 his profession, and had already met with marked suc- 
 cess when his career as a lawyer was for a time in- 
 terrupted b}' President Lincoln's call for troops to de- 
 fend the integritj- of the Union. He did not hesitate 
 to respond to that call, and entered zealously into the 
 organization of the Fortv-third Regiment of Ohio 
 Volunteers, in which he was commissioned IMajor, 
 and of which J. L. KirbA- Smith was chosen Colonel. 
 
GENERAL WAGER SWAYNE. 
 
357 
 
 Major Swayne was, upon the mustering in of the 
 regiment, promoted to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy, and 
 the Forty-third was assigned to the Second Brigade 
 of the First Division of the Army of the Mississippi 
 under General Pope, and took part in the attacks on 
 and capture of New Madrid and Island No. lo. It 
 was at New ^Madrid that Colonel vSwayne took com- 
 mand of the regiment and made a daring and success- 
 ful reconnoisance around that Confederate strono-- 
 
 o 
 
 hold, a movement which contributed largeU? toward 
 its subsequent capture. After the battle of Shiloh 
 the regiment took part in the fifty days' gradual ap- 
 proach to Corinth, participating in three important 
 engagements, and in the final battle which resulted 
 in the capture of that important position. Colonel 
 Smith having been assigned to the command of a 
 brigade, Lieutenant-Colonel Swayne was in command 
 of the regiment during this entire period, and also 
 during the subsecjuent battle of luka. At the second 
 battle of Corinth, Colonel vSmith, again in command 
 of the regiment, was mortally wounded while repel- 
 ling a desperate assault by the Confederates, and the 
 command of the regiment fell to Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Swayne. Under a withering fire he charged the ene- 
 my, and was credited with having saved from capture 
 Forts William and Robinette. For this heroic ac- 
 tion the Colonel and his command were highly com- 
 mended in general orders by General Stanley, com- 
 manding the division, and Lieutenant-Colonel Swayne 
 was made Colonel of the regiment. 
 
 Colonel Swayne took an active part in the opera- 
 tions in Tennessee under General O. O. Howard, 
 leading up to the Atlanta Campaign. After the cap- 
 
358 
 
 ture of Savannah the advance throiigh the Carolinas 
 began, and it was soon after Colonel Swaj^ne with his 
 command had crossed the Savannah River that he 
 lost a leg by the explosion of a shell in the engage- 
 ment that followed. He was taken to Savannah, and 
 thence b}' steamer to New York, where he remained 
 during the period of his convalescence. On June 26, 
 1865, he was made a Brigadier-General of United 
 States \'olunteers, and in Jul}- following he was ap- 
 pointed Assistant Commissioner for Alabama of 
 Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, an of&ce 
 which he filled in a manner to receive the highest ap- 
 proval of General Howard. On March 27, 1857, 
 General SwaA-ne was brevetted a Brigadier-General in 
 the United States Army for gallant and meritorious 
 services during the war, and he was retired July i, 
 1870. After leaving the service General Swayne 
 went to Toledo, Ohio, where he took up the practice 
 of law, and soon secured a prominent position at the 
 bar. His marked ability in the management of the 
 legal interests of several large corporations led to his 
 subsequent removal to New York, where he was for a 
 time associated with Judge John F. Dillon. He was 
 elected Commander of the Military Order of the 
 Loyal Legion in 1S89, and was re-elected for four 
 successive terms. He held commanding positions in 
 the metropolis as a leader in public matters, in which 
 he maintained a high standard throughout his career. 
 As scholar, soldier, lawyer, and, beyond all, as a 
 Christian gentleman, he endeared himself to all, and 
 in all the walks of life he was a credit and honor to 
 his countrv. His death occurred on December iS, 
 1S92. 
 
EDWIN NORTH BENSON. 
 
36 1 
 
 EDWIN NORTH BENvSON. 
 
 For many years Mr. Benson lias had the proud 
 distinction of being one of Philadelphia's foremost 
 citizens. Possessed of a large fortune, and imbued 
 with a public spirit of generous proportions, the pro- 
 motion of the material interests of his native city 
 has been his constant care, and his private benefac- 
 tions have been of a most generous character. His 
 social standing has always been of the highest order, 
 and his great popularit}- among his fellow-citizens 
 has been frecjuently attested b^- their efforts to have 
 him enter the field of politics. He has, however, in- 
 variably declined the acceptance of a political office, 
 contenting him.self with the highest distinction which 
 can come to a Philadelphian, the Presidency of the 
 Union League Club of that City, a position which lie 
 held for four successive 3-ears. His career as a soldier 
 was creditable in the highest degree. Although his 
 social position and wealth gave assurance of his abil- 
 ity to enter the service as a commissioned officer, he 
 chose the position of private soldier, and entered the 
 ranks of the Seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, from 
 which oreanization he was himself mustered out, 
 September 26, 1S62. He entered the service a second 
 time, his next enlistment being with the Thirty-sec- 
 ond Pennsylvania Volunteers, in whose ranks he 
 served during the period of General Lee's second in- 
 vasion. His high example of patriotic effort had a 
 marked influence upon young men of similar fortune 
 and station. Mr. Benson is a Director in many large 
 financial institutions, and is a foremost citizen of the 
 City and State. 
 
362 
 
 General THOMAS EWING, A. M., LL.D. 
 
 Was born August 7, 1S29, in Lancaster, Ohio. 
 He was a son of Senator Thomas Ewing, the famous 
 lawyer and statesman. His mother, through whom 
 he was related to James Gillespie Blaine, was ]\Iaria 
 Wills Boyle, a granddaughter of Neal Gillespie, who 
 emigrated from County Donegal, Ireland, and became 
 a man of eminence in western Penns\'lvania in the 
 latter part of the last century. At nineteen Mr. Ew- 
 ing was a Private Secretary to President Taylor. In 
 1S52 he entered Brown University, where he was pop- 
 ular with faculty and students. From Brown Uni- 
 versitv he went to Cincinnati and entered the law 
 office of the Honorable Henry Stanbery, and the Cin- 
 cinnati Law School. In 1S55 ^^^ began practice in 
 Cincinnati. On January iS, iS^6, Mr. Ewing was 
 married to Miss Ellen Ewing Cox, daughter of the 
 Rev. William Co.x of Piqua, Ohio, a minister of the 
 Presbyterian Church distinguished for zeal and elo- 
 quence. Though Mr. Ewing was reared a Catholic, 
 he did not accept the doctrine of infallibility. By 
 mental constitution he was unable to limit Chris- 
 tianity to any denomination, but he believed in Jesus 
 Christ as his divine Master and Saviour. Earlv in 
 1857 he removed with his family to Leavenworth, 
 Kansas, where he formed a partnership with his 
 brother, Hugh Boyle Ewing, for the practice of law. 
 Later the firm included AV^illiam Tecumseh Sherman, 
 w'ho was married to his elder sister, Ellen Boyle Ew- 
 ing, and Daniel McCook. In the Civil War, three 
 
GENERAL THOMAS EWING, A. M . LL.D. 
 
365 
 
 members of the firm attained the rank of Brig-adicr 
 General, and the fourth became the great hero of At- 
 lanta and the march to the sea. Dnring the famous 
 struggle which resulted in the admission of Kansas 
 as a free State, Mr. Ewing rendered services to 
 freedom of much historic interest. 
 
 When, in January, iS6i, Kansas was admitted 
 under a free Constitution, Mr. Ewing, then but 
 thirty-one j-ears of age, was elected Chief Justice of 
 the Supreme Court. He served less than two j'ears 
 but established a high reputation as a jurist. With 
 him "the law stood for justice and the judge for 
 righteousness." In September, 1862, he resigned the 
 chief-justiceship to enter the Union Army, and re- 
 cruited the Eleventh Regiment Kansas Volunteer 
 Infantry, of which he was elected Colonel. For gal- 
 lant conduct at Prairie Grove, one of the fiercest bat- 
 tles of the war, he was commissioned a Brigadier 
 General on March 13, 1S63, by special order of Presi- 
 dent Lincoln. He was assigned to the " District of 
 the Border," comprising the State of Kansas and the 
 western portion of Missouri — a " hornet's nest of a 
 district," as he called it. This command, for which 
 his accpiaintance and influence especially fitted him, 
 he held from June, 1S63, to February, 1S64. While 
 in command of this district, on August 25, 1863, he 
 issued an order known as " Order No. 1 1," directing 
 the depopulation of large portions of four border 
 counties of western Missouri. By the order the loyal 
 inhabitants were required to remove to the military 
 posts, the disloyal to remove out of the counties. It 
 was a severe measure, but the only way of surmount- 
 ing the difficulties to be overcome. These counties. 
 
366 
 
 aftei" having suffered much from Kansas Redlegs 
 under Jennison and other predatory leaders, whom 
 General Ewing suppressed with a strong hand, had 
 become the base of operations of about a thousand 
 Missouri guerrillas, under Quantrill, who incessantly 
 raided southern Kansas. 
 
 After General Ewing had thus removed the spies 
 and purveyors from " the hills of the robbers," 
 Quantrill, unable to continue the vendetta, led the 
 guerrillas south. Under General Ewing's firm ad- 
 ministration re-settlement of the country soon began, 
 and the Border War, which had raged for eight years, 
 was ended forever. General Ewing conducted one 
 campaign where he displayed military ability suffi- 
 cient, had the operations been larger, to give him 
 rank as a great commander. In September, 1864, 
 the distinguished Confederate Lieutenant-General, 
 Sterling Price, a Brigadier-General in the Mexican 
 War, once Governor of Missouri, and a man of great 
 political influence in the State, crossed the Arkansas 
 River with 20,000 men, and marched on St. Louis. 
 By capturing that cit}' he hoped to bring Missouri 
 into the Confederac}-, thus securing a great base of 
 supplies, and possibly so discrediting the administra- 
 tion as to prevent the re-election of President Lincoln 
 in November. General Rosecrans was in command 
 of the Department of the Missouri, and General Ew- 
 ing of the district of southeast Missouri. The Fed- 
 eral troops were scattered in small detachments at im- 
 portant towns, and could not be concentrated in 
 numbers sufficient to defeat General Price's large 
 Army. The only chance of averting the immense 
 loss of prestige and resources which the surrender of 
 
367 
 
 St. Louis would involve was to check General Price 
 until the city could be reinforced with troops brou.c^ht 
 from other States, by holding fast to Fort Davidson, 
 a small work with capacity of about a thousand men, 
 situated in a low valley ninety miles south of St. 
 Louis at the village of Pilot Knob, so-called from a 
 nearby hill. In this fort were large Cjuantities of 
 ordnance, ajd commissary's and quartermaster's sup- 
 plies, which General Price sorely needed. General 
 Rosecrans, at the urgent request of General Ewing, 
 sent him to Fort Davidson. He reached there on the 
 morning of Monday, September 26, instructed to hold 
 the fort against any detachment, but to evacuate 
 should General Price's main army move against it. 
 He found the main army approaching ; but the ad- 
 vantage of delaying the enemy if only for two or 
 three days was so great, that, as he says in his report, 
 he "resolved to stand fast and take the chances." 
 He held Shut-in Gap, four miles below the fort, 
 throughout the 26th, and then fell back to a gap 
 about one thousand j'ards from the fort, between 
 Shepherd's Mountain and Pilot Knob. Early Tues- 
 day morning his troops were ejected from this gap, 
 the enera}' following and moving down the hillside in 
 strong force. The guns at the fort drove them back 
 with hea\-y loss. The gap was retaken, again lost, 
 and again the artillery drove the enemy from the 
 hillsides. But in the afternoon they swarmed into 
 the valley in such numbers that General Ewing had 
 to draw in his entire command. The enemy made 
 one splendid assault upon the fort, and were repulsed 
 with terrible slaughter. General Price, thinking he 
 had the little i-'arrison, as General Ewing afterward 
 
368 
 
 said, " like a nut in a cracker," monnted gnns on the 
 snrronnding hills preparatory to shelling the fort 
 next da}'. About midnight General Ewing evacu- 
 ated. He slipped through the enemy's lines along a 
 road opened, as has since transpired, b_y the strategy 
 of a Union -woman of the neighborhood, who having 
 by an invitation to a barbecue tolled off the Confed- 
 erate Colonel Dobbins and his hungr}- command, sent 
 word that the Potosi road was unguarded. The fort 
 was blown up soon after the troops withdrew. Then 
 began a life or death retreat toward a fortified camp 
 at Rolla, one hundred miles away. The command 
 was pursued b}- overwhelming cavalr}- forces, and 
 embarrassed by refugees, men, women and children, 
 who were in almost constant panic ; but before it was 
 overtaken it reached a ridge with precipitous sides, 
 where the pursuers could not head it off, along which 
 it retreated. Its rear Avas protected by veterans of the 
 Fourteenth Iowa Infantry. In thirty-six hours it 
 reached Leesburg, sixty-five miles from Pilot Knob, 
 where it had to leave the ridge, and was soon com- 
 pletely surrounded. By hard fighting a fortified po- 
 sition was reached. The command was so exhausted 
 that further retreat was impossible. The enemy 
 made several assaults on Friday, and appearing in 
 large force on Saturday the}' reconnoitered General 
 F/wing's position. Apparentl}- concluding that to 
 carrj' it by assault would be too costly, the}- drew off, 
 and on October 2 the band of heroes marched into 
 Rolla. General Ewing's total loss did not exceed 
 three hundred and fifty men, while the enemy's loss 
 exceeded one thousand five hundred men at Fort 
 Davidson alone. General Price was delayed a week, 
 
369 
 
 during which St. Louis was reiuforced. Tlie attack 
 was abandoned, and the invading army was driven 
 from Missouri without capturing an important town. 
 General Ewing was made a Brevet Major General for 
 meritorious conduct at Pilot Knob. He resigned on 
 February 23, 1865, at the clo.se of the war iu the 
 West. In the spring of 1865 he removed to the City 
 of Washington, where he enjoyed for six years a 
 large and lucrative practice. In 1870 he removed to 
 Lancaster, with ample means acquired in his pro- 
 fession, and embarked in the work of developing the 
 Hocking \'alley. He was largely instrumental in 
 the construction of the Ohio Central Railway. But 
 the panic of 1873 robbed him of all pecuniary return 
 from his efforts, and cast upon him a vast indebted- 
 ness, which he could easily have a^•oided, but which 
 he struggled to repa}' during the remaining quarter 
 century of his life. In 1879 General Ewing was the 
 Democratic candidate for Go\'ernor of (3hio, but was 
 defeated after a brilliant campaign which attracted 
 the attention of the nation, it being recognized that 
 success would place him iu the front rank of presi- 
 dential possibilities. Intensel}- democratic, he aimed 
 to serve the whole people, and had the courage of his 
 convictions ; and the Democrac}- of Ohio honored 
 him with a devotion such as has been, enjoyed b}- few 
 men. In 1881 he retired from Congress and from 
 politics. Removing to Yonkers, New York, in 1882, 
 he practiced law in New York City. He was for 
 many years in partnership with the Honorable Mil- 
 ton I. Southard, formerly of Oliio, who had repre- 
 sented the Zanesville District in Congress. In 1893 
 he organized the firm of Ewing, Whitman & Ewing, 
 
3/0 
 
 in order to join with him his sons, Thomas and 
 Hampton Denman Ewing. In 1S95 ^^ ^^^ Attorne}- 
 to the Department of Buildings of New York City. 
 General Ewing was a founder of the Ohio So- 
 ciety of New York in 1886, and its President until 
 1889. He loved the people of Ohio, and hoped to re- 
 turn to live in Lancaster, at or near which city lived, 
 with their families, his brothers. General Hugh 
 Boyle and Judge Philemon Beecher Ewing, his sister, 
 Mrs. C. F. Steele, his eldest son, William Cox Ew- 
 ing, and elder daughter, Mrs. Edwin S. Martin. 
 General Ewing was struck down by a cable car in 
 New York on January 20, 1S96. He was taken to 
 his apartment where he was living with his wife and 
 younger daughter Beall. He died on the morning of 
 January 21, without recovering consciousness. He 
 was buried at Yonkers on the Frida}- following. His 
 wife and all his children survive him. In his every- 
 day life he was pure and unselfish. Though full of 
 high ambition, he was hopeful and cheerful under 
 adversity and disappointment. In manner he was 
 dignified and simple ; in conversation ready and in- 
 teresting, full of humor and amiability. Always 
 generous and approachable, he had hosts of friends. 
 No one appealed to him in vain. " His hand gave 
 help, his heart compassion." He was an affectionate 
 son and brother, a loving father, a devoted husband. 
 
COLONEL JOHN L. CLEM. 
 
 UNITED STATES ARMY. 
 
.•</ 
 
 Colonel JOHN L. CLEM. 
 
 Uiiitcd States Army. 
 
 Was born in Newark, Ohio, in 1851. He was 
 but ten 3^ears of age when the war between the States 
 began, and at that early age he evinced a militar_y 
 ardor that would not be suppressed. Time and time 
 again he tried to enlist as a drummer boy, but he was 
 as often rejected on account of his extreme j-outh. 
 Finally his efforts were rewarded in Ma}-, 1863, when 
 he had hardly passed his twelfth year, by securing an 
 enlistment in the Twenty-.second Michigan \'olun- 
 teers as Musician and hence Sergeant. With a proud 
 step he marched at the head of that famous fighting- 
 organization, never leaving his position even in the 
 hottest of its engagements. It was at Shiloh that 
 the Confederates gave him their warmest reception, 
 and his drum was literally "shot full of holes." His 
 gallant conduct on this as on other occasions won 
 him the proud title of " the Drummer Boy of Shiloh," 
 a title b}' which he will always be known in the his- 
 tory of the great Rebellion, and which has been 
 woven into verse and drama. At Chickamauga he 
 threw awa}- his drum, and, seizing the musket of a 
 fallen comrade, entered tlie ranks with the ardor and 
 enthusiasm of a veteran. Being called upon by a 
 Confederate soldier to surrender, he not only refused 
 to entertain the summary proposition, but succeeded 
 in placing his would-be captor liors dii combat. 
 
374 
 
 Sergeant Clem was mustered out of the service 
 in September, 1S64, and returned to his home in 
 Ohio, where he spent several years in attending 
 school, and in acquiring an education that his mili- 
 tary ardor had led him to neglect. In recognition of 
 his distinguished services during the war. President 
 Grant in 1870 appointed him to a place in the artil- 
 lery' training school at Fort Monroe, and on Decem- 
 ber I, 1871, he was appointed a Second Lieutenant in 
 the Twenty-fourth Infantr}'. On October 5, 1874, 
 he was appointed a First Lieutenant, and on May 4, 
 18S2, he was promoted to the grade of Captain, and 
 assigned to dut}' in the Quartermaster's Department. 
 He has been connected with that branch of the ser- 
 vice ever since. He received his commission as IMajor 
 while on duty in Atlanta, Ga., on May 16, 1S95, and 
 as Lieutenant-Colonel on February- 2, 1901. 
 
 Colonel Clem is the youngest veteran in the 
 United States Army, and with a service of nearh' 
 four years in the Civil War, which terminated forty 
 years ago, he is now only fift^'^-three years of age. If 
 he lives until 1915 he will, as the last officer on the 
 active list of the Army who saw service in the Civil 
 War, go upon the retired list, the last of the " Old 
 Guard." 
 
BRIGADIER GENERAL JAMES FORNEY. 
 
 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IRETIREDJ. 
 
377 
 Brigadier Geueral JAMES FORNEY. 
 
 Uniled Stales Marine Corps {relired). 
 
 Was born in Pennsylvania; connnissioned Second 
 Lieutenant, March i,iS6i; flagship Roanoke, Atlan- 
 tic Squadron, iS6i ; First Lieutenant, September, 
 1 86 1 ; October, 1861, commanding the Marine Bar- 
 racks, Washington, D. C; November, :86i, com- 
 manding Marine Barracks, Portsmouth, N. H.; steam 
 sloop Brooklyn, West Gulf Squadron, 1861-2, and 
 part of 1863; participated in the capture of Forts 
 Jackson and St. Philip, and the city of New Orleans; 
 ofhcial reports of that time state that Lieutenant 
 James Fornej-, commanding Marines, had two guns 
 assigned him, and, with his men, fought most 
 gallantly. He was brevetted a Captain for gallant 
 and meritorious service at the attack on Forts Jack- 
 sou and St. Philip, April 24, 1S62 ; he was sent 
 ashore b}f Admiral Farragut at New Orleans, with 
 the guards of the BrookU-n and the X'erona to raise 
 the flag over the Custom Hou.se ; he held this build- 
 ing in the midst of a liowling mob, and at sunset 
 hauled down our flag, bringing the Confederate flag 
 off to the ship and handing it over to Captain 
 Craven ; while attached to the West Gulf Squadron 
 he was in the l)attles of Chalmette, Port Hudson and 
 Grand Gulf, first and second attacks on Vick.sburg, 
 Donaldsonville, Bayou Sara, Galveston, Texas, Feb- 
 ruary 24, 1S63 ; at Brazos de Santiago cut out and 
 captured four vessels laden with valuable drugs from 
 
378 
 
 under the rebel batteries. Commissioned Captain, 
 April 23, 1864; July, 1S64, commanded troops, both 
 regular and volunteer, at Havre de Grace, Md. In 
 this connection, General French reports as follows : 
 " Received the brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel, for mer- 
 itorious services in defeating a rebel raid at Gun- 
 powder River in July, 1864 ; flagship Hartford, Fleet 
 Marine Officer, Asiatic Squadron, 1S65-8; while at- 
 tached to the Hartford, commanded Marines in the 
 attack on the island of Formosa, and was brevetted a 
 Major for gallant and meritorious services in the ac- 
 tion, June 13, 1867; October 11, 1S70, commanded 
 the Marines in the colored riots at Philadelphia, in 
 enforcing the Fifteenth Amendment, being the first 
 vote of the colored people." In 11^69 commanded the 
 troops while aiding the revenue officers in breaking 
 up the whiskey distilleries in the city of Philadel- 
 phia ; from June 10, 1872, and part of 1873, in 
 Europe, on special duty; September, 1S73, United 
 States frigate Minnesota; from December, 1874, to 
 1S76, Fleet Marine Officer, North Pacific Squadron; 
 August, 1876, commanding Marines, League Island; 
 February 11, 1877-8, commanding Marines, Norfolk, 
 Va.; during summer of 1877, commanded Second 
 Battalion of Marines during the labor riots ; on his 
 return he and his command were complimented in 
 general orders by the Honorable Secretary of the 
 Navy and General Hancock; in 1879, was grad- 
 uated at Torpedo School, Newport, R. I.; in 1879- 
 81, commanded Recruiting Rendezvous at Philadel- 
 phia, Pa., and in 1883 commanded Marines for a 
 short time on receiving ship Colorado. February 24, 
 1884, commissioned Major. In 18S5-7 commanded 
 
379 
 
 Marines at Norfolk, Va.; part of 1887-8 commanded 
 Marines at League Island, Philadelphia ; commanded 
 Marines at Mare Island Navy Yard, June, 1888, to 
 November, 1892. Commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 January 30, 1S91. Commissioned Colonel, July 11, 
 1892 ; Alarine Barracks, Navy Yard, New York, No- 
 vember 1892-6; commanding Marine Barracks, 
 Portsmouth, N. H., in 1896-7; commanding Marine 
 Barracks, League Island, Philadelphia, 1897, to June, 
 1898. During the Spanish- American War Colonel 
 Forney had command of the Spanish camp, consist- 
 ing of 1,700 prisoners from x\dmiral Cervera's fleet, 
 including the Marine Barracks at Portsmouth, N. H.; 
 in command of the First Brigade of L^nited States 
 Marines in the Philippine Islands, from 1901 to 
 1902 ; in charge of the Recruiting Service, District 
 of Massachusetts, October, 1903, to 1904. Promoted 
 to Brigadier General, June 3, 1904. Retired June 3, 
 1904. 
 
38i 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 ASHBROOK, JOSEPH, Brevet Major U. S. Volunteers i88 
 
 ASTOR, JOHN JACOB, Colouel U. S. Volunteers i6 
 
 BARKER, ALBERT S.. Rear Admiral U. S. Navy lo 
 
 BENHAM, DANIEL W., Brigadier General U. S. Army 346 
 
 BENSON, EDWIN NORTH 360 
 
 BINGHAM, JUDSON D., Brigadier-General U. S. Army 74 
 
 BROWN, R. M. G., Commander U. S. Navy 240 
 
 BURTIS, ARTHUR, Rear Admiral U. S. Navy 46 
 
 CADWALADER, CHARLES E., Lieut.-Colonel U. S. Volunteers. . 342 
 
 CARR, CAMILLO C. C, Brigadier General U. ^. Army 154 
 
 CHAFFEE, ADNA R., Lieutenaut-General U. S. Army 6 
 
 CHURCH, WILLIAM CONANT, Colonel U. S. Volunteers 64 
 
 CLEM. JOHN L., Colonel U. S. Army .372 
 
 COLAHAN, CHARLES E., Commander U. S. Navy 274 
 
 COLLUM, RICHARD S., Major U. S. Marine Corps 58 
 
 COTTON, CHARLES STANHOPE, Rear Admiral U. S. Navy. . . 114 
 
 CROMELIEN, ALFRED. Lieutenant-Colonel U. S. Volunteers. . . 290 
 
 CURTIN, ROLAND GIDEON, M. D.. Surgeon U. S. Navy 96 
 
 DAY, SELDEN ALLEN, Colonel U. S. Army 102 
 
 DE PEYSTER, JOHN WATTS, Brigadier General U. S. Volunteers 82 
 
 DICK. SAMUEL B., Colonel U. S. Volunteers 352 
 
 DIX, JOHN A., Major General U. S. Volunteers 280 
 
 DRAKE, FRANCIS MARION, Brigadier General U. S. Volunteers 158 
 
 DRAPER, W. F , Brigadier General U. S. Volunteers 130 
 
 DUFF, L&VI BIRD, Lieutenant-Colonel U. S. Volunteers 198 
 
 DYER, H. MAYO, Rear Admiral U. S. Navy uS 
 
 ECKSTEIN, HENRY C. , Surgeon U. S. Navy 33° 
 
382 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 EWING, THOMAS, General U. S. Volunteers 362 
 
 FARLEY. JOSEPH P., Brigadier General U. S. Army 170 
 
 EISKE, BRADLEY ALLEN, Commander U. S. Navy 320 
 
 FORNEY, JAMES, Brigadier General U. S. Marine Corps 376 
 
 FORTESCUE, GRANVILLE ROLAND. Lieutenant U. S. Army.. 230 
 
 GOBIN, JOHN P. S., Brigadier General U. S. Volunteers 192 
 
 GREENE. DAVID M., Engineer U. S. Navy 298 
 
 HARRISON, THOMAS SKELTON, Paymaster V. S. Navy 328 
 
 HENDERSON, DAVID BREMER, Colonel U. S. Volunteers .... 270 
 HOBSON, RICHMOND PEARSON, Naval Constructor U. S. Navy 142 
 
 HOUSTON, A. ROSS. Captain U. S. Volunteers 246 
 
 ISAACS, DAVID 338 
 
 —jOUETT, JAMES E., Rear Admiral U. S. Navy 36 
 
 LAMBERT, WILLIAM H.. Major U. S. Volunteers 264 
 
 LAWRENCE, ABRAM B.. Colonel U. S. Volunteers 226 
 
 LAWTON, HENRY WARE, Major General U. S. Volunteers 250 
 
 --"LEE, SAMUEL PHILIPS, Rear Admiral U. S. Navy 80 
 
 MacARTHUR, ARTHUR, Major General U. S. Army 90 
 
 MANN, WILLIAM D'ALTON, Colonel U. S. Volunteers 318 
 
 MEADE, ROBERT L., Brigadier General U. S. Marine Corps 300 
 
 MELVILLE, GEORGE W.. Rear Admiral U. S. Navy 40 
 
 ^t^MILLER, J. W., Captain Naval Militia, State of New York 68 
 
 NAILE, FREDERICK I.. Lieutenant-Commander U. S. Navy 166 
 
 OBERLY, AARON S.. Medical Inspector U. S. Navy 30S 
 
 OTIS, HARRISON GRAY, Brigadier General U. S. Volunteers 210 
 
 PAULDING, TATTNALL. Colonel U. S. Volunteers 176 
 
 PECK, GEORGE, Medical Director U. S. Navy. , 284 
 
 PILCHER, JAMES E., Major U. S. Army 214 
 
 QUAY, MATTHEW STANLEY, Colonel U. S. Volunteers 148 
 
 REID, GEORGE CROGHAN, Brigadier General U.S. Marine Corps 50 
 
 RIXEY, PRESLEY MARION, Surgeon General U. S. Navy 258 
 
 - RODGERS, C. R. P., Rear Admiral U. S. Navy 32 
 
 ROOSEVELT, THEODORE. Commander-in-Chief 2 
 
383 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 SAMPSON, WILLIAM THOMAS, Rear Admiral U. S. Navy 108 
 
 SMEDBERG, W. R., Major and Brevet Lieut.-Colonel U. S. Army. 312 
 
 STEVENS, BENJAMIN F., Captain's Clerk 54 
 
 STEVENS, THOMAS HOLDUP, Rear Admiral U. S. Navy 24 
 
 STEVENS, THOMAS HOLDUP, Commodore U. S. Navy 28 
 
 STEVENS, THOMAS H., Rear Admiral U. S. Navy 276 
 
 STEVENSON, HOWARD A., Assistant Surgeon U. S. Volunteers. 234 
 
 SWAVNE, WAGER. Brigadier General U. S. Volunteers 354 
 
 TANNER, ZERA L., Commander U. S. Navy 136 
 
 TRUMBULL, HENRY CLAY, D.D 336 
 
 .TRYON, JAMES RUFUS, Rear Admiral U. S. Navy 304 
 
 WAINWRIGHT, RICHARD, Captain U. S. Navy 182 
 
 WARREN, LUCIUS HENRY, Brigadier General U. S. Volunteers. 126 
 
 WOOD, LEONARD, Major General U. S. Army 202 
 
 WYMAN, WALKER, Surgeon General 254