LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. Shelf ...Si..^_(^ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Captain Hikam Putnam. ^i^_ /^, (j-^ A HISTORY OF THE Schools of Syracuse FROM ITS EARLY SETTLEMENT TO JANUARY 1, 1893. BY EDWARD SMITH STRACITSE, ]Sr. Y. C. W. BARDEEN, PUBLISHER 1893 Copyright, 1893, by Edward Smith ■'> ^ h ^ v^;^'^ CONTENTS CHAPTER I Page Early Beginnings - - - --- ^ CHAPTER II Under City Charter— First Decade, 1848-57 42 CHAPTER III Second Decade, 1858-67 - 103 CHAPTER IV Third Decade, 1868-77 - 1^5 CHAPTER V Fourth Decade, 1878-87. 168 CHAPTER VI Beginning of Fifth Decade, 1888-92 221 The Central Library... --- - 240 CHAPTER VII Organizations of Boards of Education -247 Presidents op the Board - - - -263 Superintendents of Schools and Clerks. 263 Erection, Enlargement and Re-building op School- houses - - ^"^ Statistical Table - 266 Financial Statement 266 Alphabetical List of Teachers - -269 APPENDIX Biographical Sketches ^-- 291 Graduates of the Syracuse High School 324 (V) PORTRAITS Hiram Putnam. Frontispiece, 2 Albert G. Salisbury, 19 Mrs. A. G. Salisbury, 20 Jennie E. White, 35 Ebeuezer Butler, 33 George L. Farnham, 40 William W. Newman, 55 Charles A. Wheaton, 67 Edward A. Sheldon, 69 Silas Betts and wife, 72 Charles O. Eoundy, 76 Mortimer L. Brown, 81 Ansel E. Kinne, 86 Daniel Losey, 89 Edward Smith, 97 Samuel J. May, 105 John J. Peck, 108 Marion Bushnell, 121 Mrs. Lucy M. Brand, 124 John H. French, 126 Charles E. Stevens, 128 Mrs. W. W. Newman, 134 Robert Bruce White, 139 Nathaniel B. Smith, 141 Orrin C. Hinman, 143 Walter A. Brownell, 144 Wheaton A Welch, 147 Orrin Welch, 152 William A. Duncan, 159 A. Burr Blodgett, 163 Francis W. Parker, 167 Edward E. Chapman, 168 Charles E. Wells, 172 Lucy A. Adams, 173 Ezekiel W. Mundy, 176 William B. Harlow, 177 John D. Wilson, 179 H. E. Barrett, 180 Hiram R. Olmsted, 182 Darwin L. Pickard, 185 Mrs. Libbie Palmer Brown, 187 William Brown Smith, 190 Mrs. L. L. Goodrich, 195 Mary L. Ford, 198 Michael Maioney, 200 Mrs. Kate Cullen, 205 Charles E. White, 211 Frederick A. Lyman, 212 William H. Scott, 214 John Q. Adams, 215 Bruce M. Watson, 218 Alexander Von Landberg, 220 William K. Wickes, 222 George A. Lewis, 223 William H. Warner, 226 WiUiam Spaulding, 231 Emma J. Asbrand, 233 Edward C. Wright, 234 Amelia Weiskotten, 235 Mary Lounsbury, 236 Giles H. StilweU, 248 Patrick J. Cody, 250 Frank Hopkins, 250 John J. Keefe, 250 Patrick R. Kieley, 250 LeRoy Morgan, 252 James McAllister, 254 John A. Mackay, 254 James H. Meagher, 254 John J. Moore, 254 Geoge A. Sawyer, 256 Warren D. Tallman, 256 Leonard A. Saxer, 256 Ifvin K. Webb, 256 Charles F. Wisehoon, Jr., 258 Samantha Lincoln, 268 Mrs. L. E. Thomas, 268 Eliza G. Chapman, 268 Mrs. Mary A. Tan Antwerp, 268 Laura M. Geary, 270 Abbie Isaacs, 270 Harriet E. Abbott, 270 Mary W. Flanagan, 270 (vi) VIEWS OF BUILDINGS Page Sclioolhouse, District No. 8 13 First schoolhouse in Syracuse 15 Interior plan of first sclioolhouse 16 Porter School 23 Frazer School 27 Rock School ■ 28 Old Brighton School 30 New Brighton School (in place of old Brighton school) — - . - 31 Rose School 35 Jefferson School - 50 Salina School (in place of Nos. 1, 2 and 8) 107 Lodi School HI Genesee School (in place of No. 4) 115 Bassett School 122 High School 133 May School. 137 Madison School (in place of Lodi) 149 Old Grace School 155 Adams School ....157 Old Montgomery School 170 Prescott School (in place of No. 5) 174 Townsend School 1 83 Seymour School ..188 Clinton School 196 New Putnam School (in place of No 7) 206 Gere School 208 Vine School-- 209 Merrick School ...217 Delaware School (in place of Rock) 229 New Grace School (in place of old Grace) 238 New Montgomery School (in place of old Montgomery) 239 (vii; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Page Albert G. Salisbury -- 291 E. A. Sheldon, A.M , Ph.D 293 George L. Farnham... 296 Charles Edward Stevens 296 Dr. JohnH. French 299 Edward Smith -. _ 302 Silas Betts 304 Charles O. Eoundy 305 William Wilson Newman and Wife 307 Ansel E. Kinne 308 Ebenezer Butler 309 Walter A. Brownell - 311 Samuel Thurber 311 George A. Bacon 312 R. Bruce White . 313 H. Elbert Barrett 314 Bruce M. Watson 314 A. B. Blodgett 315 Charles E. White 316 Mrs. L. E. Thomas. -- 318 George A. Lewis 318 Ezekiel Wilson Mundy 319 Frederick A. Lyman 320 William H. Scott 321 Mary Winifred Flanagan _ 323 (viii) CHAPTER I EARLY BEGINNINGS From long connection with the schools of this city, and a somewhat familiar acquaintance with the educa- tional interests of the county and the State, the writer has yielded to suggestions from several sources, and decided to prepare a brief history of the public educa- tional work of Syracuse. Coming upon the ground early in the spring of 1845 for the purpose of visiting a brother, then living in the village of Syracuse, and, hearing of a vacancy in the village, district No. 8 of Saliua, I made application to the trustees of that district for employment as teacher. A bargain was made and contract signed for school to begin the first Monday in May. From that time to the present, I have been constantly employed in the educa- tional work of this city, with the exception of three summers from 1857 to 1860, returning to teach during the winters of those years. Hence I hope to be able to put on permanent record something that may be valuable to those of the present generation who take an interest in this subject, and to preserve for future generations that which from the lapse of years and the decease of (9) 10 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF STEACUSE participants it will soon be impossible otherwise to collect. Even at this date, it is difficult to find records of many of the transactions which wonld be of interest, and I am compelled to rely upon the recollection of those who were actors in the early days of the education of this vicinity. Only a few are noAV on the stage to whom application can be made. From the best data obtainable, I think the first dis- trict schoiil organized within the present city limits was in the village of Geddes, which by act of the Legislature was annexed to the city in 1887. The school house was built in 1804. But little can be learned of the early teachers of that school. After my acquaintance with it Mr. and Mrs. N. P. Stanton were the leading teachers in that district, and Mr. E. "W. Curtis was school com- missioner. Mr. C'ui'tis was enthusiastic in his efforts to make the school where he resided stand among the first of the county, and Mr. Stanton was a popular and energetic teacher. Of some of the teachers more will be said hereafter. Schools were taught at an early date, without doubt, in private houses at what was known as Salt Point, nov." the First Ward of the city, and one Capt. Connor kept school in a salt block, where he divided his time between teaching and salt boiling. The Onondaga Centennial Almanac, published in 188G. says this was about 179?. Gov. Thomas G. Alvord, now living in the First Ward, says that: Salina had 63 inhabitants when his EARLY BEGINNINGS 11 father moved into the place, in 1793. Several items of interest connected with the early history of this village have been obtained from Gov. Alvord. The first school house within what were the limits of the city when it recovered its charter was built in the village of Salina, now the First Ward of the city, in 1805. It was at first seated with the faces of the pupils toward the wall, according to the fashion of those days, but was afterward changed for pupils to face the centre of the room, where the stove was placed with the teacher's table at the end of the room, by the entrance. The town of Salina was incorporated in 1809, and this, being the first organized district, was designated No. 1. It was located in the south-western corner of Wash- ington Park, while the Presbyterian church, built in 1822, was on the north-west corner. The school house was probably re-built at a later day, painted red, and known as the Red School House. The village of Salina was incorporated in 1824, but this school remained as JSTo. 1 of the town of Salina until the city of Syracuse was incorporated in 1848. Among its teachers were Mr. West, Mr. Stebbins, Mr. Gilbert, Walter Green, a brother of the late Dr. Green, Thomas Wheeler, David Devoe, and others. In 1839 this district was divided, the old building having been torn down by the boj^s as unfit for school purposes, and two one-story brick buildings were erected Schoolhouse in District No. 8, Salina, as it now appears.! When'the author be- came principal, the building c')nsisted of the lower story as far.back as to include three windows on a side. ilAELY BEGINNINGS 13 on Wolf street, three blocks apart, and known as No. 1, or the Bank school, and No. 8. Among the later teachers of the new No. 1 were David Parsons, Urice Henry Van Seest, Lewis Cornell ; and of No. 8, Thomas Wheeler, Mr. Whitney, David Parsons, Elijah Devoe, and the writer, who began teaching in May, 1845. After I was employed I visited the school building, and found it seated with two rows of long desks, about three feet apart, fastened to the floor, with movable benches between. The desks were about eleven feet in length and the iticonvenience of seating pupils was so great that I obtained permission to cut up the desks into shorter ones of three and a half feet in length, and arrange them in rows with a passage between. On my offer to help in the work a carpenter was employed, and in a short time the room was made comfoitable, and by planing out the notches and apj. lying a coat of paint the desks were made quite respectable. Two pupils were to be seated at a desk. Although the house had been occupied only a few years it had been badly disfigured by a free use of pocket-knives, and from being used for temperance meetings, singing schools, spelling schools, and political meetings, etc., sometimes two or even more times a week ; and for election pnrposes, both State and local. But when the new term began the seats had been put in very good condition. 14 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE The spring term opened with about fifty pupils of all grades in the elementary studies, the greater part of them small children. The winter brought in the older pupils, many of them much larger than the teacher. These new pupils increased the number to over 100, and an assistant. Miss A. Bennett, was employed. As there was only one room, the wood-house was utilized for recitations, a part of it having a floor. The num- bers increased so that it became necessary to seat some of the pupils on the wood-pile. During the second summer one teacher was emj^loyed, and the wood-house was made into a very comfortable school room by putting in windows and a new floor, proper shelter for fuel being provided outside. At the opening of the winter term an assistant was again employed. This arrangement continued till the schools passed under the control of the Board of Education of the city in the spring of 1848. Previous to this the village htid been again divided, and two other schools organized. No. 15 was under the charge of Mr. J. B. Brigham, lately deceased, and No, 16 was taught by Miss Delia N, Earl, Miss Earl later decided to go to California, where she married after teaching a while. Mr. Lewis Cornelle had charge of school No. 1 when the city was organized. The first school house in the village of Syracuse was one on Church street (West Willow), on ground now The first sclioolhouse in Syracase. 16 HISTORY OF THE SCSOOLS OF SYRACUSE occupied by Mr Young's stables, corner of Church and Franklin streets. Probably this was built about 1826.* E O E /[ - STOVE . 6 - 6CH0L/[f[S DESKS . C - TEf\CHEf(8 DESK . D - ENTf{/\NCE . £- WI/^DOWS . Interior plan of first Bchoolliouse. It was a square hip-roof building, and was used for school, church, town meetings and various other pur- poses. Among the teachers were Wm. K. Blair, Mr. Williams, Hiram A. Dunham, Mr. Evans, Mr. May, * There is doubt about the date of this building. Miss E. M. Shepard now a resident in the Tenth Ward says she attended a school in 1826 near the lock taught by Miss Pease, and there was no district seliool in Syracuse at that time. EAELY BEGINNINGS 17 and others who did excellent work and from whom many of the early settlers received their education either wholly or in part. District jSTo. 5 was organized January 1, 1839, on Lock street. Jerod H. Parker was the moderator, Wm. K. Blair the clerk. E. P. Wallace, J. H. Parker and S. W. Cadwell were the first trustees. Several school meetings followed each other in rapid succession during the winter and spring. A lot fronting on Lock and Salt streets was purchased, plans approved, and a contract let for a house to cost $1,600. Elliot & Cheney were the contractors. A tax list for 12,000 was made out and put into the collector's hands, but the whole amount could not be realized and the building was not entirely completed. At the annual meeting in October there was reported a school kept six months (name of teacher not given). This building was too small, and the next year and the following year's efforts to enlarge and improve it finally resulted in putting up a two-story front, with four more rooms. This was the building when the city received its charter. Among those prominent as actors in this work beside those named above were E. W. Leavenworth, F. Colvin, L. L. D., James Hough, John A. Leonard, father of George B. Leonard of this city, John Wilkinson, Milton Gilbert and John 0. Dunham, with others. Among 18 HISTOHY OJF THE SCHOOLS OF STKACUSE tlie early teachers were Mr. Hunt, Mr. Penniman, David Parsons, U. H. Van Seest, and Mr. Stetson. District No. 6 contained a one-story brick building of two rooms situated on West Payette street. It was afterward enlarged by an addition in the rear to a three- room building. The old mill pond came near it on the west, and covered a large part of the territory west and south of it, comprising all the low land where Armory Park and the surrounding buildings now stand. When the writer came here in 1845, Mr. Sloan was the princi- pal, with one assistant. This house was abandoned when Madison school house was built in 1872. Al- though unoccupied for school purposes for a number of years it was used for a laundry later, and stood till a block was put up on the ground in 1890 or 1891. The first school building in District 'No. 7 was of brick, one story and one room with two entrances and a small room between them. It was built in 1839 on the ground occupied by the oLl Putnam school, which was abandoned in 1888 for school purposes when the new Putnam house was completed. A Mr. Osgood, nephew of Capt. Putnam, was the first teacher. He was a graduate from college, but he did not succeed. A Miss Phelps, sister of Mr. Bradley Carey, probably assisted Mr. Osgood. Mr. A. G. Salis- bury followed Mr. Osgood after a few months, assisted Ai-EEET G, Salisbury. 20 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE by Mary Bradley and Sarah Tallman, who afterward married Mr. Salis- bury. Miss Tallman used the small room between the en- trances for recita- tions. The school house was the best in the vicinity, and when it was built was consid- ered quite an orna- nent to the growing /illage. But it was ioon found wholly inadaquate to meet the necessities of A wooden addition Saeah Tallman. (Mrs. a. G. Salisbury.) the pupils who desired to attend was annexed to the rear, by which some relief was ob- tained. In 1842 an effort was made to secure a better house. Dr. Phillips, Dr. Wright, and Horace Butts be- ing trustees at that time. The matter was presented to the people, and two parties were formed. One headed by Capt. Putnam was in favor of a good school, good house, with sufficient room ; and the other, led by Mr. Richard Corning, favored economy and lower taxes. The progressive party were successful, and in 1843 the building was completed. To the old structure a two- EARLT BEGINNINGS 21 story brick front with two rooms on a floor was added on the south end, and the wooden part previously annexed to the north end was removed and a brick addition erected. The buikling when completed had five rooms, and was far superior to any other school house in the county. Mr. Salisbury about this time taught a select school in the session room of the Congregational church. This may have been while No. 7 was being enlarged. After the new structure was completed Mr. Salisbury continued as principal till he was elected clerk of the Board of Education, after Syracuse became a city in the Spring of 1848. He had secured a practical grading of pupils and made the school popular in the village. District No. 9 had a small one-room wood building, situated on West street. No. 10 located in the village of Lodi had a small house situated on East Genesee street, probably built first in 1828. The first teacher was a Mr. Parker, fol- lowed by a Mr. Brown. This was replaced in 1846 by a two-story brick building on East Fayette street, con- taining four rooms, known as the " Cold Water School." The late Oliver Teall was the leader in this movement and was greatly interested in the success of his temper- ance movement, as he was in the education of the chil- dren of the district. Mr. Gordon Eose was a teacher before 1848. 22 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE This comprises all the public schools included in the limits of the city of Syracuse at its organization in 1848, but the city now includes much more school property. The town of Geddes was formed from the town of Salina in 1848, the same year the city of Syracuse re- ceived its charter. The village of Geddes was incorpor- ated in the winter of 1835-36. Previous to 1848 it was a village in the town of Salina. The first settler witliin the town was James Geddes, who came there in 1794, almost a hundred years ago. In 1803 Miss N^ancy Root taught the first school in Geddes, The first schoolhouse was built of logs in 1804 on the ground occupied by the Porter school. Miss E. M. Shepard, now a resident in the village of Geddes (10th Ward), has given me more information than I have been able to obtain from other sources of the early schools of Geddes and vicinity. She attended a school, taught by Mrs. Pease, near the lock (Syra- cuse) in her own house in 1826, and in 1827-28 attended a school in Lodi (she does not remember the teacher's name). A schoolhouse was built in Lodi in 1828, and, occupied by Mr. Parker as teacher, continued two years. In 1830 a Mr. Brown was employed, and Mr. Parker had a select school. In 1831 Miss Shepard removed to Geddes, and in 1832-33 she attended a school in the basement of the Episcopal Church, kept by Mr. Younglove. In the Porter School. 24 HISTOEY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE spring of 1833 Miss Shepard taught a select school in her own house, now the corner of West Genesee street and A.very avenue. In 1835, she assisted Mr. Terry in a small brick house at the corner of School and Lowell streets ; and assisted Mr. Bugby in the basement of the Episcopal Church in 1834, while Mr. Terry was teach- ing in the public school the same year. In the winter of 1837 she assisted Mr. Austin, on the north side of Genesee street, near Milton avenue. Miss Shepard attended the academy in Elbridge during the summer term of 1839, and taught the district school there in 1840-41, when failing health caused her to dis- continue the work. Farmton, Howlett Hill and Am- boy were among the other places in this vicinity where she taught. For other teachers we gather from more full records than any obtainable from schools in the city at its or- ganization. The first branch of the old JSTo. 3 of the town of Ged- des was organized in 1867, and a scoolhouse was built on Magnolia street and named Noble school, in honor of the late Mr. W. Noble, who was thoroughly inter- ested in the education of the young, lie was clerk of the board at the time and was very earnest in his ef- forts in securing an appropriation for the purpose. After several years the name was changed to Magnolia school, perhaps owing in part to its being located on that street. EARLY BEGINNINGS 25 The first principal was a Miss Robinson, assisted by Miss Garrett and Miss Sarali Jerome, now Mi's. Parsons, of Fairmount. Miss Jerome succeeded to the principalship in 1868, and held it two years, when she accepted a position in the senior depai'tment of No. 3, or as it was afterwards called, the Central school, where she remained three years, and then married. i\liss Hattie Tucker, now Mrs. Charles Coykendal, followed Miss Jerome as principal, and remained until 1874, when she accepted a position in Montgomery school and remained there two years. At the time Miss Tucker resigned the village schoolhouse j had been rebuilt, and the older pupils who had attended the Magnolia school were transferred to the new building. Miss Nellie Annable, now Mrs. Henry Smith, followed as piincipal for a short time, and was succeeded by Mrs. Libbie McKaig. The other principals were Jennie E. M^hite. Miss Mary Van Franken, who married Mr. Fred Thompson ; Miss EUa 26 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Scanlon, whose health failed and who died before the year closed ; Miss Joanna C. Ryan, now Mrs. Ed. Grainey, of Washington, followed for one year by Miss Jennie E. White, who continued for nine years and until the Magnolia school was abandoned and the Del- aware school completed in the spring of 1890, where she is now principal of the primary department. What is now known as the Frazer school, second branch of Porter school, was organized by the Board of Education of the village of Geddes in 1879. The house was of wood and stood on the ground now occupied by the present 10-room brick building, the wooden struc- ture having been burned in 1885. The new building was erected and occupied in 1887. The tract of land known as the Cushendall tract, the territory of which was included in this district, was added to the city of Syracuse in the spring of 1886, the schools being main- tained in rented rooms until the new house was com- pleted. The first school opened under the supervision of Mary E. Hogan, assisted by Franc C. Chamberlain. Miss Hogan is now teaching in Hartford, Conn. Miss Cham- berlain married and went west. The Rock school was first organized in Geddes in 1872. It opened in a building at 92 Geddes street, owned by a Mr. Steele, and was kept by Miss Clara L. Covvles. Two years later the district purchased the Brown Memorial chapel, then located where the pres- Frazee School, J^ Old Rock Schoolhouse. JBARLY BEGINXINGS 2^ ent church stands, removed it to Rock street, and con- verted into what was called the " Eock School." Miss Cowles remained only a few terms, bnt taught in other Geddes schools, and then went west. She remained there till 1887, when she returned to her home, where she now lives near her first school work. The other teachers of this school will be found in the list that appears later. The origin of the Brighton school was district No. 44, of the town of Onondiiga, which was organiztd in 184;^ with Matthias Britton as ti'ustee. Mr. Brittoti was continued in this office nearly all the time till the dis- trict became a part of the city. The first schoolhouse was built of stone, one s'ory high. It was low and small, but it accomodated the district until 18G0, when a two- story brick building was erected and served the district until the new Brighton schoolhouse was occupied in 1891. The district became a part of the city m 1887. Instead of raising a tax to build the first house, inter- ested citizens contributed what they could toward the expense, some giving money, some material for the building, and some labor. Among the early teachers were J. L. Hibbard, brother-in-law of Mr. Britton, Sherman Olmsted, Josejdi Longstreet, Sophia Wight- man, C. Clark, Wm. Thompson, H. Wilcox, L. Burton. After the brick house was built two teachers and some- times three were employed. A list of the other teach- ers will be found later. Old Brighton School. Brighton School. 32 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYEACUSB In 1863 the district was changed to Union Free School^ District ISTo. 2, town of Onondaga, and a Board of Edu- cation composed of six members w"as elected. School District No. 29 of the town of Onondaga was founded June 17, 1878, from the north part of Union Free School, District No. 2, of that town, and com- prised all the territory included in the limits of the incorporated village of Danforth, and known as the Union Free School of that village. The first principal was Leon Bailey, assisted by Miss E. Angie Lounsbury and Julia E. Phelps. Miss Phelps resigned to accept a position in the city schools, and was succeeded by Miss Louise Burdick, who also resigned in December and was followed by Miss Jennie White. December 23, 1879, Principal Bailey was asked to resign. He did not com- ply, but was discharged on December 31, and Mr. P. H. Edick was appointed to the principalship. In July, 1880, Miss Josie Wightman was appointed in the pnmary department, but resigned the following spring, as also did Miss Lounsbury. Mr. Edick re- signed to go to Chittenango. He afterward became superintendent of schools at Owego, and is now princi- pal of a school in Rochester. H. A. Thompson was elected principal in May, 1881, and Miss Louise Roberts was elected teacher in the primary department. Mr. Thompson resigned at the close of the summer term and was succeeded by W. F. Barker, Miss Carrie Ingersol and Miss May Hitchings being appointed assistants. Ebenezer Butlek. 34 HISTOEY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYEACUSE In July, 1882, Ebenezer Butler succeeded Mr. Barker. Miss May Morse entered ^ the school as an assistant in the fall of 1883 ; and Miss Minnie Smith succeeded Miss Ingersol at the same time, but resigned the follow- ing summer and was followed by Miss Ella Thompson. Miss Lnlu Leyden was appointed in the spring of 1885, and in September of the same year Miss May Van Keu- ren took the palace of Miss Morse. Miss Mary Northrup was added to the corps of teachers, September, 1886. There were no other changes in teachers till after the village of Danforth was annexed to the city of Syra- cuse in February, 1887, when the name was changed to Danforth school. I have not been able to get the exact date of the formation of the Rose school. It was probably 1810 or 12, and the first house was built of logs at the foot of a hill on land owned by Wheeler Eose. The roof was a single one, sloping all one way, and it is said the boys amused themselves in winter by sliding down the hill and over the roof of the house. The house which succeeded the first one stood where the Rose school was located when the district became a part of the city. The district was among the first in this part of the county, there being none nearer than Jamesville or Onondaga Valley. Pupils were obliged to travel two or three miles to reach the school. We should not do justice to the educational interests of the city if the private and select schools and the in- Rose School. 36 HISTOET OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE fluence of the academies were to be omitted in this enumeration. The first district schoolhotise in this vicinity was built of logs at Onondaga Valley, in 1803, and replaced with a frame building in 1808. Onondaga academy was founded in 1813, and many of the young men in the early settlement of this place attended there and received thorough instruction which prepared them for business life. The people of Pompey made an effort as early as 1800 to found an academy, and continued trying year after year till finally success crowned their efforts in 1811. This institution has sent out many men of influ- ence in all departments of hibor, and this city, especially in it^ early history, has been indebted to its graduates for much that has shaped its educational influence and standing. It has been with considerable difficulty that reliable data could be found respecting all the private and se- le 't schools that have had a more or les^s permanent influence upon the condition of education within the limits of our city, and undoubtedly some have been omitted or perhaps not adequately reported. In 18.^6 a Miss Wealthy Ann Lathrop taught a select school in a building provided by Captain Cody, in the rear of the First Baptist church, on Church street. (This church was established in 1821, and was the first EARLY BEGINN'INGS 37 church built in Syracuse.) This is said to have been the first select school in the viljjige. In ]830, Miss Guthrie had a select school in the Wheeler house, cor- ner of Salina and Centre streets. There was also a school known as the Institute, situated on Tui tie street, between Park and Salina streets, which had some rep- utation for several years. In 1835, George F. Comstock, lately deceased, taught in the yellow building standing where the Bastiible Block now is. He was elected Inspector of Schools in 1837. The Misses Champlain taught the principal private school in existence here foi' a few years. As there was a dilKcuIty in finding suitable rooms. Dr. Williams put up a temporary building on the corner of Water and Clinton streets. Mrs. Humphrey followed in charge of this school. The houte bulk by Mr. AA'il- liams, being without ceiling or plastei', was unfit for winter use, and Captain Putnam fitted up for Mrs. Humphrey a more comfort ab e room over his woodshed, on Montgomery street. This was known as Mont- gomery Institute. Mrs. Humphrey and Mr. Montgom- ery afterward married. After Mrs. Montgomery, came Miss Kichardson, Mi.^s Alexander, Mrs. Newconib, the Misses Newton from Ma.^sachusetts, Mi's. Col. Fitch from Trumansburg, Miss Collins, Miss Laurie fi'om Whitesboro, and Miss Gould from South Carolina. Most of these named above were teachers of a high '38 HISTORY OF TH.E SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE order, some of them teaching the sciences, higher math- ematics and the languages. Probably about 1838, a Miss Parrott of Kentucky came here with credentials from prominent men, among them Henry Clay. This lady and T. D. Williams opened a school called The Young Ladies' Seminary, about midway between Water and Washington streets on the west side of Salina street, which continued two or three years, during which time Mr. Williams and Miss Parrott married. The school then moved to the Old Line House, corner of Salina and West Onondaga streets, which was at that time considered quite sub- urban. Many of the young ladies of the village were students in this Seminary. Miss Amelia Bradbury entered the school as an assist- ant in 1838. She introduced new methods and new inspiration. She believed and worked on the principle that character-building is of vastly more importance than scholarly acquirement. She instituted self-gov- ernment, ap23ealed to the moral sense of the young- ladies, encouraged frankness and candor, and in the pursuit of their studies sought to inspire in her pupils the power to investigate for themselves. She was mod- est and unjoretentious and soon won the respect and admiration of her pupils. Such became her popularity that she was induced to open a school of her own, which she did in the Unitarian chapel, where Mr. Browers establishment now is. She remained in this school EARLY BEGINNINGS 39 from 1845 to 1847. Debora Garnett, now the widow of Hon. Charles B. Sedgwick, taught in the same school, and testifies to the excellence of Miss Bradbury's methods. Miss Bradbury died in 1850. Miss Palmer, who afterward married Ira A. Thurber, opened a school in the Jervis Block, giving it the name of The Young Ladies' Seminary. After her mari'iage, she sold the fixtures to George L. Farnham, who kept up the school until he was elected superintendent of the public schools of the city. His portrait is given on the next page. The Syracuse Academy was organized in 1835 by Aaron Buit, Harvey Baldwin and Oliver Teal. The fi.rst principal was a Mr. Kellogg from New York. He was followed by Oren Eoot, afterwards professor of mathematics in Hamilton College ; A. G. Salisbury, already referred to on page 18 ; Joseph A. Allen, after- wards one of the most notable teachers of Massachu- setts ; Oliver P. Burt, and perhaps others. The Acad- emy proved a financial failure and was abandoned. The premises were sold to the Onondaga County Orphan Asylum, which now occupies the premises, having within a few years removed the old edifice and erected upon the grounds a new and more commodious and improved building. Syracuse Academy was in operation only ten or eleven years, but during its short life it did excellent work. Many of the teachers enumerated above had attained a high degree of culture, and employed methods of (xKORGK L. P\\RNHAM. EARLY BEGI^TNINGS 41 instruction which far surpassd the average of those employed in the common district school ; and to them is due, largely, that public sentiment which has enabled the city schools to take and maintain, through all its history, a forward movement toward a more thorough system of education and more philosophical methods, until we believe it may be said of them they deserve to be ranked among the first of the land. CHAPTER II UNDER CITY SUPERVISION So far an eifort has been made to present the condi- tion at the organization of the pnblic schools maintained at public expense under the charge of a Board of Education. The village of Syracuse was laid out into streets and lots in 1819^ but the first election of village officers occurred in 1825. The first schoolhouse was erected in 1820, the first church (Baptist) was built in 1821, and the First Presbyterian church in 1824. The first grist mill occupied the ground where the high school now stands, the building itself standing well into the street. The village of Lodi consisted of a cluster of houses, groceries, etc., situated on the canal east of Syracuse, along by the locks. During the winter of 1847-48 the project of incor- porating the three villages (Salina, Lodi and Syracuse) into a city began to be discussed. Meetings were held and arguments for and against a city charter were freely made. Those favorably inclined were in the majority, and the result was a bill before the Legislature which became a law, Dec. 14, 1847. The election for (42) UNDER CITY SUPERVISION 43 city officers resulted in making Harvey Baldwin the first mayor. Two aldermen were chosen for each of the four wards into which the city had been divided, as follows : First Ward, James Lynch, Elizur Clark, Second Ward, Alexander McKinstry, John B. Bur- nett, TJiird Ward, Wm, H. Alexander, Gardner Law- rence, Fourth Ward, H, W. Durnford, Eobert Furman, The first one named in each of the wards was to serve two years and the other one year. The first meeting of the common council was held March 13, 1848, and organized by electing E. A. Yoe city clerk, and the late Daniel P. Wood city attorney, Dr, B. F, Greene was made city surveyor, and Dr, Hiram Hoyt, city physician, None of them, except K. A. Yoe, are now living. The act of incorporation was found to be defective in several particulars, and among others that pertaining to a system of public schools. During the remainder of the month of March and the fore part of April, petitions, following each other as the deficiencies were made appa- rent, were sent to the Legislature for immediate action. As a result an act for organizing a public school system in the city of Syracuse was passed April 11, 1848, and certified to the Common Council at a meeting held April 15. According to the provisions of the charter 44 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OP SYRACUSE the Common Council^ at a meeting held April 15^ ap- pointed two school commissioners from each of the wards, who were to constitute the Board of Education of the city of Syracuse. The first one named in each ward was to serve two years, and the other one year. Choice was made of prominent business men, viz. : William Clark and John P, Babcock, for the First Ward. James Noxon and 0. M. Bronson, for the Second Ward. Hiram Putnam and Daniel Bradley, for the Third Ward. Oliver Teal and Charles A. Wheaton, for the Fourth Ward. The meeting for organizing the Board was held April 21, William Clark was elected the first president but declined to serve, and Hiram Putnam was elected to this responsible position. He proved to be eminently fitted for the trust committed to him, and his sympathies were all on the side of good schools and the best possible equipments. He was kind and generous in his im- pulses, but firm. Having made up his mind as to the right or Avrong of a question he could not be shaken. Mr. E. A. Yoe acted as temporary clerk. A com- mittee of three was appointed to present rules for the government of the Board, and the same committee with the addition of two other members were to present a trirbEE city supervision^ 45 report of the duties of the clerk of the Board of Educa- tion. All commissioners were to report the number of teachers it would be necessary to appoint at the next meeting of the Board. The second meeting was held April 26, at which the committees appointed at the pre- ceding one made full reports, but as the reports did not harmonize in every respect they were recommitted for revision. At this meeting A. Gr. Salisbury (see pages 19, 21), was elected the first clerk, having received 5 votes. His opponent was E. 0. Pomeroy. Both of these gentle- men were thorough and successful teachers, but Mr. Salisbury was on the ground and had been identified with the village schools for several years, while Mr. Pomeroy was comparatively a stranger. Mr. Salisbury was regarded as a strict disciplinarian and a thorough teacher. He was popular among his patrons. A more scrupulously conscientious man could hardly be found. In many respects he was well fitted for a supervisor and director, and his services as clerk, though not continued for a great length of time, revealed his power and influence by opening up and starting the machinery of the school system of the city. At this second meeting a resolution was adopted declining to appoint any person as teacher who habitu- ally used intoxicating drinks or tobacco. Applications for appointment as teachers in the newly organized schools were made in writing by Messrs. Scram, Beal, 46 HISTOilT OF TSB SCHOOLS OF SYEACUSE Slocum, Cornell^ Groodricli, Johnston, and Brigham. Four of these persons were known to the writer as emi- nently fitted for teachers. Three ladies also made application. After an adjournment of two days the Board again met to hear the report of the committee on rules and duties of clerk. The report was adopted. The appointment of teachers was postponed till the Common Council should make necessary appropriation for meeting the current expenses of the schools. Some needed repairs to school buildings were however ordei^ed to be charged to the city. On May 2, another meeting was held, at which the school year was divided into three terms : the 1st to begin May 8, and continue 13 weeks ; the 2d to begin September 18, and continue 14 weeks ; the 3d to begin January 2, and continue 14 weeks. The first appointment of teachers with the monthly salary of each was also made, as follows : District No. 1, Lewis Cornelle, 135 '' 8, Edward Smith, 35 '' 15, John B. Brigham, 30 " " 16, James Johonnot, 35 Delia N. Earl, 15 '' " 4, N. P. Stanton, 45 Mrs. N. P. Stanton, 18 Miss Palmer, 15 '' 5, E. R. Stetson, 45 Mrs. R. R. Stetson, 16 tlifbER CITY SUPERVISION 47 District No. 5, Miss Martha S. Clapp, 118 Miss Julia A. Vandenburg, 18 " Q, J. B. Beals, 35 Miss Hannah Burnett, 15 '' " 20, Miss A. Bennett, 18 " 7, W. W. Newman, 50 . Miss E. E. Williams, 18 Miss E. Williams, 15 Miss J. Brooks, 18 Miss S. M. Cox, 18 Miss E. C. Newman, 18 " 10, J. M. Winchell, 35 Miss A. Barker, 15 Miss H. Kingsley, 18 Twenty-four teachers with a combined total salary of $5,980, with ten school buildings, four of them having only one room, two others having two rooms, and No. 7, the largest, employing six teachers : such was the beginning of the Syracuse schools. At the next meet- ing of the Board steps were taken for building the first new schoolhouse. A committee was appointed to choose a lot, make plans for a building in place of No. 16 (now called Jefferson school), in the First Ward, and during the building of the new house to rent rooms and seat them with the best furniture, such as would be fit to put into the new house when it should be ready for occupancy. Two or three meetings a week were held during the organization of the schools at which, in addition to 48 HiSTOKf OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYHACUSD what has ah-eady been recorded, the standing commit- tees were appointed, viz. : execntive, finance, teachers' and visiting. Resolutions passed required at the open- ing of the morning session either reading of the Script- ures or a prayer as the teacher should elect ; the providing of books for all indigent pupils ; the choice of a series of books for school use ; the purchase of a lot for the new building for Xo. 16, on the corner of Court and Salt (now Park) streets ; the adoption of plans and the letting the contract for the building, the entire cost, including lot, to be 13,000. On June 15, 1848, the first budget for school expenses was prepared and presented to the Common Council. The estimates were for teachers' salaries, 15,664 ; for contingent expenses, 11,450 ; for Clerk of Board of Education, 1500 ; for books for indigent pupils, 1100 ; for repairs, $100 ; for lights, fuel, etc., $75 ; for print- ing, $50. The entire expenses, including building, lot, etc., made a total of $11,160. At a meeting of the Board, July 12, it was decided to close the schools August 2 instead of the 5th that teach- ers might be able to attend the New York State Teach- ers' Association at Auburn. This institution had been organized three years before in this city and had already become a power for good in the educational centres of the State. The rule requiring the reading of the Bible at the opening of the morning session, passed at a preceding Under city sdpervisiok 49 meeting, had caused some opposition, and much dis- cussion through the summer and falL It was finally settled, October 4, by changing the original resolution so as to permit the children of parents or guardians who should object, to be absent without criticism dur- ing such reading. The numbers by which the schools had been desig- nated were giveii to them while belonging to the town of Salina, but at a meeting in October these were changed to consecutive numbers, 1 to 10 inclusive. The resig- nation of Mr. Beal from No. 6 was accepted and Mr. McGonegal was appointed to the position. No. 7 had been increasing during the summer so that addition to teachers became necessary and the Misses Harriet Shane and Sarah Wilkinson were ap- pointed. Miss Wilkinson died in Skaneateles in Sep- tember, 1892. A complaint against Principal Stetson, for puiiishing a boy, was investigated. He was exonerated for inflicting the punishment, but reproved for sending home the books of other children of the family. A similar complaint against Principal Winchell resulted in his exoneration. Another against Principal McGonegal for inconsiderate, injudicious, and ui^justifiable conduct in |)wnishing a boy was decided against the teacher, and led to his dismissal. In December a warrant for 13,000 was drawn in favor of Cougdon and Carey in full for their contracts for Jefferson School. UNDtlK CITY SUPERVISION- 51 the building and lot No. 16 (changed to No. 3). This entirely finished the payment of the first lot and schoolhouse built by the city of Syracuse. The resignation of Mr. N. P. Stanton and wife from No. 4 was accepted. Mr. Stanton had received an appointment to a principalship in Buffalo, which was a much larger city and offered a higher salary. By this resignation, Syracuse lost two excellent teachers. A request from the teachers for a change on the ground of want of uniformity in the different editions of Sanders' Readers, was presented to the Board, but was declined upon the agreement of the author to take up all old editions, free of charge, and replace them with the revised edition. February 19, 1849, the first Annual Eeport of the Board of Education was presented, and was refen-ed to the committee to prepare for publication. It contained the following statistics: Number of schools, - - - 10 Number of children of school age, - 3,724 Number of children taught during the year, 3,250 Number in daily average attendance, 1,201 Money received from the city, $ 7,318.00 Money received from other sources, 5,213.60 Total, - - - 12,531.60 Number of children taught in excess of pre- ceding year, - _ _ 675 Seating accommodations, - _ - 1^460 52 HISTOKT OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Excess of pupils of school age orer accom- modations, - - . 2,264 Excess of pupils not registered in parochial schools, - - - - 2,091 Of the ten schools, nine were presided over by men principals having salaries ranging from 830 to $60 per month, with 15 women teachers, at salaries ranging from $15 to 120 per month. Total cost of teachers' wages, - 17,602.48 Cost of tuition per pupil on average at- tendance, - - - - 6.31 Cost of tuition per pupil on registered attendance, - - - 2.33 Cost of building No. 3 (now Jefferson school) - - - 3,000. . The average attendance of pupils to a teacher was 50. The report strongly urged the erection of new build- ings in the 2d, 3d and 4th wards, and the enlargement of the house in District No. 6. It presented the work of the department in a concise and compreheusive man- ner and made clear the advantages systematic grading and supervision had secured to the city schools. Commissioners J. P. Babcock, C. M. Bronson, Dan- iel Bradley, Oliver Teal and Charles A. Wheaton retired from the Board after one years service, and they were succeeded by Dr. VTm. H. Hoyt, Ira A. Thurber, Eev. Eobert E. Eaymond, J. B. Fitch and Dr. P. C. Samson. UNDER CITY SUPERVISION^ 53 The second scliool year was opened by the organization of the Board, March 12, 1849, in which Captain Putnam was re-elected president and A. G. Salisbury, clerk. An effort was made to reduce N os. 1, 2 and 8 to prim- ary schools, and have women teachers appointed in the place of men, but this was defeated by a vote of 5 to 3. The appointment of teachers, made in April, by wards, was as follows : First Ward. G. N. Harris, principal, No. 1 Mary E. Grodevant, a " 2 Edward Smith, a " 8 James Johonnot,* i< " 3 Delia N. Earll, assistant " 3 Harriet Davis, ei '' 3 Second Ward. B,. E. Stetson, principal, No. 5 Martha S. Clapp, assistant, " Jane Vaudenburg, " " Mrs. R. E. Stetson, -" D. Oaverno Allen, principal. No. 4 Helen Palmer, assistant, " Harriet Pomeroy, principal. No. 9 Third Ward. George B. Dennison, principal. No. 7 * Mr. Johonnot's appointment was conditioned upon his dissolving- his connection with the Literarij Union, whicli Messrs. Winchell and Johonnot had started as an educational magazine. 54 HISTOET OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYEACUSE Emma Williams^, assistant, No. 7 Sarah Williams, Angelina Butts, " " Elizabeth Williams, C. R. McOombs, Fourth Ward. Lewis Cornelle, principal, No. 6 Hannah Burnett, assistant, " J. B. Brigham, principal. No. 10 Mary Baum, assistant, " On account of a protest against Principal Brigham^s appointment in No. 2 he was transferred to No. 10, and complaints having been made against W. W. New- man he withdrew from No. 1, the Board by resolution having vindicated his character from the assaults made upon it. Later in the summer at Mr. Newman^s re- quest a ]3aper signed by the president and clerk was prepared for him, stating that Mr. Newman was not dismissed from No. 7 for infidelity or any cause affect- ing his moral character. At a meeting in May of this year a resolution was passed fixing the first Thursday as the regular time for holding the meetings of the Board. This regulation has continued in force until the present time without change. In October of this year Mr. Johonnot was charged witli undue severity and indiscretion, and Mr. Stetson was under criticism for extending a leave of absence W. W. >"EWMAIS. 56 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYEACUSE beyond the time specified. Both of these cases were amicably settled. From these cases and those men- tioned as having occurred the year before, it will be noticed as of common occurrence for the Board to receive complaints against teachers for punishment inflicted and for various other causes. This continued for several years, although with less frequency. The salary of the principal of No. 8 was fixed at $38 per month. Mr. Lewis Cornelle, principal of No. 6, resigned his position to accept a better offer in the city of Buffalo. He was a thorough, enthusiastic teacher and had the confidence of all his associates, his patrons and pupils. Everyone regretted his determination to leave the city. In answer to an article published in the Reveilee of this city, the following communication signed by a large number of the teachers was read and ordered printed in the above named paper. " To the Board of Education, " We, the undersigned, teachers in your employ, ask leave, respectfully, to present the fol- lowing. Having noticed in an article which recently appeared in the Syracuse Reveilee over the signature of 'Justice^, certain charges against the Clerk of the Board which we believe not only to be inconsistent with the principles of justice, but utterly at variance with the facts, and libellous, we take occasion, therefore, through this medium to offer you the testimony of our experience and observation under his supervision. UNDEK CITY SUPEKVISIOlSr 57 "■ Without wishing in any way to identify ourselves in the discussion now going on before the public, we nevertheless feel constrained, by our love of right and the appreciation of the ability and fidelity of Mr. Salis- bury, to testify that we have uniformly found him zealously interested in everything affecting the welfare of our schools and the interests of education ; uniformly free to counsel and encourage. We would also take occasion to express the pleasure and confidence with which we cheerfully cooperate with him in our great common cause." This was signed by two-thirds of the teachers. At the next meeting of the Board the above communica- tion was received, ordered placed on the records, and the following resolution was unanimously adopted : " Resolved, That in the communication made to this Board by Mr. Salisbury in which reference has neces- sarily been had to character and qualifications of the teachers of the public schools, he has always mani- fested a careful regard for their character and interests."^ At a meeting held in December, 1849, the following apj)ointments of teachers were made and the salary of each affixed. No. 1. G. N. Harris, 138 2. G. ¥. Taylor, 35 8. Edward Smith, 38 3. G. D. Eeynolds, 40 Mrs. G. D. Reynolds, 18 58 HISTOEY OF THE SCHOOLS OF STEACUSE 'No. 3. Delia N. Earll, 18 Clara M. Judd, 15 4. D. Caverno Allen, 45 Henrietta White, 18 Hannah Pomeroy, 15 9. Hiram Wyard, 20 5. R. R. Stetson, 48 Mrs. K. E. Stetson, 16 Jane Vandenburg, 18 Martha S. Olapp, 18 6. ' Hannah Bennett, 15 7. A. G. Salisbury, 60 Mrs. A. G. Salisbury, 20 Sarah Wilkinson, 18 . Angelina Butts, 16 Eliza Williams, 22 Anna McOombs, 15 0. J. B. Brigham, 40 Frances Larabee, 18 Almira Barker, 15 Mr. Salisbury having made known his intention to resign his clerkship, his appointment as principal to No. 7 was made before his resignation was made public. Mr. Salisbury had served as clerk one year, ten months, and during that time had done an immense amount of work in organizing the department. In retiring, Mr. Salisbury read a communication thanking the Board for the support and help he had received UNDER CITY SUPERVISION 59 from the members, individually and as a body, and for his appointment as principal of ISTo. 7. On motion of Commissioner E. E. Eaymond, complimentary resolu- tions were passed in Mr. Salisbury's behalf. On January 10, 1850, a ballot for clerk was taken, and Alvan Lathrop was declared elected, but declined the position. On February 1, "W. L. Crandall received five votes and was elected clerk, at a salary of $500. The 2d fiscal year having come to a close, at a meeting held February 18, the Annual Eeport was read and adopted. An abstract of that report gives the follow- ing items : Total expenditure for 1849, - 110,631.26 Whole number of schools, - - 10 Average number of teachers, - - 25 Number of children between 5 and 16, 4,121 Number of children taught in the schools, 3,121 Average number in daily attendance, 1,266 Increase over last year, - - - 65 Number of children to a teacher, - 51 Number of sittings provided, - 1,460 Number of children on Eegister, Jan. 1, 1850, 2,193 Excess of registry over accommodations, 733 Number of children in parochial schools, 650 Cost of tuition in private schools, - $19.60 Cost of tuition in public schools, - $5.95 Estimated value of school property, $28,000 Nuniber of volumes in libraries - 3^550 60 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Number of volumes drawn during the year^ 7;, 764 Salaries of principals, from - 1300 to 1600 Salaries of assistants, from - 1150 to $220 Accompanying this statistical report was a strong appeal for increased appropriations for providing sit- tings for all children in the city. The penitentiary had just been built at a cost of 130,000, and the city could and should raise 15,000 this season instead of 11,500, which the charter prescribes, for new buildings and for repairs. Present accommodations would provide for only one-half of the children. Schools by resolution closed one week that teachers might attend the Teach- ers' Institute. This closes the records of the 2d year under the new system and a comparison of the statistical tables shows great progress. The sjaring election of 1850 made the new Board of Education consist of the following members : First Ward. — John McCarthy and William H. Hoyt. Second Ward. — John Wilkinson and Ira A. Thurber. Third Ward. — Hiram Putnam and R. R. Raymond. Fourth Ward. — P. 0. Samson and Chas. A. Wheaton. Captain Putnam was elected the third time for presi- dent. At a meeting March 21 to consider the' appointment of teachers a proposition was again presented for reduc- ing ISTos. 1, 2 and 8 to primary schools. The commis- sioners of the First Ward objected to the change, but UifDER CITY SUPERVISION" 6l after Mr. Harris was appointed to fill a vacancy in ISTo. 6 school, no objection was made to changing No. 1 to a primary school. Mr. Salisbury informed the Board that he conld not consent to remain another year for 1600. A committee was appointed to consult with Mr. Salisbury, the Board not feeling at liberty to increase his salary, already the highest paid. After making partial appointments the Board adjourned for a week when the committee re- ported that Mr. Salisbury would engage for the first part of year at the rate of $600, but if longer employed it must be at the rate of 1700. The list of teachers remained unchanged, except that Mr. Harris was trans- ferred to the principalship of 'No. 6, as heretofore mentioned, and Miss Mary Ann Dawson was ajDpointed teacher in ISTo. 1. A remonstrance of Mr. McKinstry and others against longer retaining Mr. Allen in No. 4 was sent to the Board, and Mr. Allen was asked to i-espond in writing. Mr. Brigham, principal of JSTo. 10, also came into dis- favor, and the patrons sent in a memorial asking for his removal. Both of these cases were referred for further investigation. The result was favorable to the principals. During the session of the Legislature the city charter had been so amended that an expenditure of $3,500 a year was allowed for building purposes, and a discus- sion came up in the Board as to the advisability of 62 HISTOET OF THE SCSOOLS OF STUACtJ'SE entering into contract for the expenditure of 17,000, one-half to be paid the first year and the balance the next. This was laid over for further investigation. A committee was appointed to look over the several wards and report the number of new houses needed, and where they should be located. The difficulty of finding room for all ajDplicants was so great that the Board offered to pay the tuition of all pupils living near the borders if they would attend schools outside the city for a period of four months. The clerk recommended a small increase in the salary of teachers where additional duties had been put upon them or special ability was manifested. He also recommended additional rooms and teachers in the 1st, 3d and 4th Wards ; also that new buildings be erected in three districts by raising the funds available for three years in one year. He further recommended the addi- tion of ten more teachers and an increase in the salary of janitors. The budget for the current year called for the follow- ing items : For teachers' wages, - - $7,928.57 Other current expenses, - - 1,711.57 To be raised by the city, - - 7,500.00 From Assessment No. 5, indebtedness at organizaton of the city, - - 500.00 Assessment on No. 6, same reason, 323.00 For new buildings, - - 3,500.00 tiKDEll CITY SUPEEVISION" 63 It had been decided that the plan for raising two or three years^ appropriation in one year was illegal. After the budget had been agreed upon, Mr. Crandall resigned the position of clerk of the Board of Educa- tion, and the first business of the meeting held July, 1850, was the election of a clerk. On the first ballot A. Gr. Salisbury received five votes, and for the second time was declared clerk of the Board. The competitors for the position were Dr. Stanley of Corning, and L. J. Grillett of this city. A loan of $1,500 for the payment of the teachers was made and the term closed. J. B. Brigham, on account of the hostility toward him in ISTo. 10 asked that he might be transferred to another school should a vacancy occur. By the resigna- tion of Mr. Salisbury as principal and Miss Butts as assistant in No. 7, two vacancies were to be filled the next term. During the months of August and Sep- tember the appointments of teachers for the remainder of the school year were completed and were as follows : Salary. No. 1. Sarah E. Evans, 120 " 2. Delia N. Earll, . 20 " 3. George L. Farnham, principal, 50 Mrs. G. L. Farnham, assistant, 18 Clara M. Judd, " 18 Harriet Davis, " 15 " 4. D. Caverno Allen, principal, 50 Henrietta B. White, assistant, 20 Harriet Hull, " 16 64 HISTORY OP THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE No. 5. R. R. Stetson, principal, 50 Mrs. R. R. Stetson, assistant, 16 Elizabeth T. Morgan, " 20 Jane A. Vandenburg, " 18 " 6. G. ]Sr. Harris, principal, 45 Hannah Burnett, assistant, 18 " 7. Wm, Van Brocklin, principal, 50 Martha S. Olapp, assistant, 20 Sarah Wilkinson, " 20 Lucy A. Simons, " 18 Kate Crawford, " 16 Mrs. A. G-. Salisbury, " 22 " 8. Edward Smith, principal, 40 Mrs. E. Smith,* assistant, 16 " 9. Silas Betts, principal, 30 Mrs. Gr. D. Reynolds, assistant, 22 " 10. J. B. Brigham, principal, 45 Frances Larabee, assistant, 18 Almira Barker, " 16 A petition, from 39 of the patrons, sent to the Board asking for the removal of Mr. Brigham from the prin- cipalship of JSTo. 10, was laid upon the table. Up to this time the office of the Board had had no permanent abiding place, but meetings had been held in rented rooms where vacant stores and offices could be found at nominal cost. Now convenient, suit- able rooms were provided in the north end of the lower floor of the City Hall building. * Resigned during the year, and Aurora Turner became assistant. tllSTDEE CITY SUPEEVISION 65 A resolution, passed at the September meeting, called for proposals for three new school-houses, one near the old Court House, on North Salina street, one south of No. 7, and one in District No. 9. At a later meeting the proposal for a school-house in District No. 9 was abandoned and the one on the north side was located on Ash street, corner of Townsend ; and the other on Montgomery street, between Adams and Jackson streets. The contracts were signed, and a, building committee appointed. The lots were 8x8 and 8x9 rods respectively. Both houses were of the same design and were to cost $3,200 each. The one on Ash street was to be completed the 1st of October, and the other in December following. About this time a petition for the removal of Mr. Allen from the principalship of No, 4 was sent to the Board and the matter was referred to the ward com- missioners and the intererested parties for settlement, with the understanding that if they failed to agree, it should be referred to the full Board. The report brought in at the next meeting sustained Mr. Allen and exonerated him. The adoption of a list of text-books after an investi- gation of the subjects resulted in the choice of the fol- lowing list : Readers. — Webb's Cards, Sanders's Complete Series. Geography. — Smith's Primary, Mitchell's Quarto, Woodbridge's Higher. 66 HISTOKY OF THE SCflOOLS OB" SYHACtJSt; Grammar. — Greenes First Lessons, Green's Analysis. History. — Wilson's United States. Physiology. — Cutter's Hygiene. Natural Philosophy. — Perkins's Series. Astronomy. — Matterson's Bassett. Arithmetic. — Stoddard's Juvenile (mental), Colburn's First Lessons (mental), Greenleaf s Common School, Greenleaf s National. Algebra. — Davis's Elementary, Davis's Legendre. Chemistry. — Silliman's. Penmanship.— Svencer and Eice's. Drawing. — Otis's Cards. Dictio7iary . — Webster's Quarto and Academic. This was the first complete list of books adopted by action of the full Board. No. 5 having become overcrowded, was relieved by fitting up a room in the basement at much less expense than to rent a room and furnish it. Miss Laura A. Huntington was put in charge of it. Mrs. Salisbury of No. 7 and Miss Larabee of No, 10 resigned their posi- tions and their places were filled by the appointment of Charlotte Beebe and Eosetta Pruyn. Miss Aurora H. Turner of No. 8, having received an appointment to the Albany Normal School, resigned, and her place was filled by the appointment of her sis- ter, Ellen C. Turner. Charles A. Wheaton. 68 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF STEACUSE By comparing the third Annual Eeport with the first we find the number registered 50 less, while the aver- age daily attendance is 258 greater. This, in a marked degree, shows the value of giving close attention to the daily record of each pupil, and to critical, intelligent supervision. The fourth year of school history under city manage- ment began March 15, 1851. After two years of service Commissioner W. H. Hoyt of the First Ward was suc- ceeded by Charles B. Scott, and Commissioner I. A. Thurber of the Second Ward, by J. C. Hanchett. Mr. Hanchett resigned during the year, and Alanson Thorp was appointed in his place. Commissioner Williston from the Third Ward, retired after one and a half years' service, and was followed by Eev. Wm. Bliss Ashley. Commissioner P. C. Samson after two years' service retired from the Board and was followed by Charles A. Wheaton. The president and clerk of the preceding year were unanimously re-elected. The president stated that Principal Farnham, of ISTo. 3, was inclined to resign, having received a much bet- ter offer at Kome, and recommended some action of the Board that his services might be retained in the city. A resolution was passed by which Mr. Farnham was offered 1750 for the services of himself and wife for one year, this engagement being on the express condition that they should sign a written contract. E, A. Sheldon. 70 HISTOKY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYKACUSE Mr. Salisbury again resigned the clerkship, to take effect May 1. E. A. Sheldon and J. B. Brighani were applicants for the position, Mr. Sheldon being suc- cessful. The Onondaga County Institute, which had grown into a strong institution, was given the use of No. 7 for its annual session, on condition that the rooms should be left in good order for the opening of the spring term. The list of teachers for the term commencing the first of May was essentially the same as at the last appointment, except that Principal Allen of No. 4 had accepted a position at Rome, and Mr. Brigham was transferred to the place. Myron H. "Wheaton, a gradu- ate of the Albany State Normal School, was appointed to the principalship of No. 10. Mr. Allen having asked for a commendatory letter signed by the president and clerk of the Board, a resolu- tion was passed ordering his request to be granted. Some time afterward a note from Mr. Allen appeared in the Syracuse Standard, stating that a private and insulting note had been sent to him, but he had not received the one ordered by the Board. At the meeting May 1st, 1851, Mr. Sheldon was asked for an explanation, and said Mr. Allen had made remarks derogatory to the Board of Education, which had caused him to decline to prepare the paper asked for. This explanation was satisfactory and the resolution ordering complimentary statements was rescinded. UNDER CITY SUPERVISION" 71 We have recorded several complaints from patrons of schools against principals and teachers for various causes and now we record one instituted by a principal against a patron. G. JST. Harris, principal of No. 6, made complaint against a Mr. Harrington and son for abusive language and interference with the discipline of the school. The parties were cited to appear before the Board and after a full hearing of the case the fol- lowing was adopted : " Resolved, That this Board after an impartial exam- ination of the matter between Mr, Harris and Mr. Harrington and son are satisfied that the assault upon Mr. Harris was unprovoked and unjustifiable, and that we do not find anything in the conduct of Mr. Harris to censure. " Resolved, That our confidence in him as a teacher is unimpaired. ^^ Miss H. B. White resigned to accept a better offer, and Miss Harriet Shew was appointed in her place. Miss Emma Brace was also appointed assistant in JSTo. 4, in place of Miss Hull, resigned. At the June meeting of the Board the building com- mittee reported that the new school building. No. 11, was so far completed that the school had commenced in it, though the outside was not all finished ; and that 180 pupils were in attendance. The transfer of Mr. Betts from No. 9 to No. 11 as principal was approved ; Me. and Mks. Bbtts, UNDER CITY SUPERVISION" 73 also the appointment of Miss H. B. White to the princi- pal of No. 9, at a salary of $20 per month. The first money to be appropriated for supplying books, etc, for any but indigent pupils was set apart at this meeting for the purchase of song books, drawing cards, and Spencer and Rice^s copies. At the meeting in July, 1851, the annual budget was adopted. The clerk asked leave of absence that he might attend the State Teachers' Association at Buffalo, August 6 and 7, and that the next monthly meeting be held August 9. A special meeting for the appointment of teachers was held August 11, and resulted in renewing the appointments made in May, with slight changes made necessary by opening No. 12, to which Edward Smith was removed as principal and the Misses H. B. and her sister Louise White were appointed assistants. At a later meeting, Galen Wilson was appointed principal of No. 8, from which Mr. Smith had been transferred. No. 12 was in a district, even at that time, comprised largely of Germans, and it was natural that parents should desire to have their children instructed in their native tongue. A petition was presented asking for a German teacher. While they did not immediately secure this, Ave shall see that at a later day they suc- ceeded. After ordering a loan of $2,900 for the payment of teachers in anticipation of the collection of the city 74 HISTOEY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYEACUSE taxes, and ordering that the summer vacation occupy four weeks, the fall term to commence September 15, the Board adjourned. It will be noticed that teachers did not receive pay for their services except at the end of the term, and in some instances then only in orders on the city treas- urer, to be paid when the taxes were collected. Many of those engaged in teaching were obliged to get trusted for board, clothing and other necessaries, with the understanding of the creditors that they would be paid at the close of the term. Such promises could only be kept by getting these orders cashed less the discount. Many of the employees suffered not only from small compensation, but from loss in buying on time with the further loss of deductions for interest. The Board were not to blame for this. They depended upon the city for the means to carry on the schools ; taxes were not paid till late m the fall or winter, while contracts were made early in the season. Thus without means at the command of the city except by making loans, the Common Council preferred to allow employees to wait for tax collection. I suppose this was true in all departments of the city government. As has been previously stated, No. 9 was situated on West street. The lot was small, being 50 x 100 feet. In September of this year this lot was exchanged by a payment of 150, for a lot on Seymour street, 8 rods square. This lot was afterward increased by purchas- UNDER CITY SUPEEVI8I0N" 75 ing a slip from the Trinity Clinrch Society, making a lot of 10 rods frontage. During the summer vacation. Principal E. K. Stet- son was suddenly removed by death. His funeral was held in the old Congregational church, on East Gene- see sti'eet, on ground occupied by Convention Hall for many years. The funeral was attended by a large num- ber of teachers and others interested in education. Mr. Stetson was a thorough instructor, of kind impulses and generous heart. He was a strict disciplinarian, some thought severe. Some of his old pupils can testify to his agility and strength, when with his one arm he would throw the delinquent across his knee and apply the ruler with rejseated and well-directed blows not soon to be forgotten. JSTot withstanding these not often recurring scenes lie was beloved and honored by his pupils. The Board passed the following : " Resolved, That, in the death of Mr. Stetson, the Board of Education and the cause have lost an able, efficient teacher : one whose entire energies were devoted to the cause in which he labored. " Resolved, That the clerk be desired to enter these resolutions upon the records, and transmit a copy to Mrs. Stetson, Avith the respectful assurance of our sym- pathy and condolence with her in this hour of bereave- ment." Mr. C. 0. Eoundy was appointed to the principalship of^No.[^5 to succeed Mr. Stetson, (H-f^ '^!?^>j<«jsxs[*^-C^ V^ X Adams School. io8 HISTOKY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYKACUSE The new organization was affected March;, 1875. W. A. Duncan was then elected president. Ever since the organization of the High school there had been an element in our city in opposition to it as a free school maintained by tax. Tliis year although the cost of maintaining that institution had been proj^or- tionally reduced from preceding years the same com- plaints were repeated. Principal Thurber^ by request, prepared some statistics comparing the condition of the school in 1872 when he became principal with the present. There had been an increase of one teacher, and an in- crease of ninety-eight pupils. The salaries had increased 6fo while the pupils had increased 60^. The course of study liad been lengthened one year, thereby'' increasing the number of classes 25^ ; while the cost of instruction was nearly 15^ less in 1875 than in 1872. The income of the Board of Education for the benefit of the High school, beside the city appropriation, comes from two sources: 1st. Tuition from non-resident pupils; 2d. The Regents' appropriation, which is de^jendent upon the number of pupils holding Regents' certificates and styled academic pupils. In 1872 there were 134 such scholars, and in 1875 there would probably be 240, showing an increase of lOG or more than 79^. These facts plainly show that economy in conducting the expenses of the High school had been studied and that in comparison with other schools of the kind, in this or other States, it would be hard to find any more eco- nomically conducted. W. A. Duncan. 160 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE On April 4th the Saliua school house was burned to the ground, and the plans for a new building were adopted and the contract let for 114,256. The Common Council was asked to increase the sum for building pur- poses to meet this unexpected contingency. The pupils of Salina school were provided for temporarily by put- ting the primary department in the abandoned Catholic church of the First Ward, the junior pupils in Jefferson school, and the senior pupils in Genesee school. The action of the Board by which an increase of $50 a year was added to the salary of the graduates of the High school who had spent one year in preparation for teaching was a stimulant for better prepared teachers. An invitation to the Board to visit the bust of Rev. S. J. May by Miss Belle Gifford at the residence of J. L. Bagg, Esq., was received and accepted. Subse- quently the following communication was received : " To the Board of Education of tlie City of Syracuse, " Gbntlemest :• — At a meeting last evening of the subscribers to the fund for the purchase of the marble bust of the late Eev. Samuel J. May, by Miss Belle Gif- ford, an artist of our city, and educated in our public schools, it was voted that the bust should be offered to the Board of Education of the City of Syracuse, to be placed in the Central library rooms of the High school building. With two exceptions, the subscribers to the fund are members of the religious society to which Mr- May was for more than twenty years the minister^ and THIRD DECADE 161 there was a very earnest wish on the part of many of them to place this beautiful work of art in their church edifice. But the deep interest which Mr. May took in the education of the people, his faithful and efficient services to the schools of the city, his long membership of your Board and the special aid which he rendered in the establishment of the High school and the erection of the beautiful building it occupies and where, if placed, the bust would be so much more accessible to the public, were controlling considerations in the decision which was finally made as to its disposition. At the same meeting a committee was appointed, of which the undersigned are members to communicate the action which was had to the Board of Education and to arrange with them for the transfer and reception of the bust. Very respectfully, W. Brown Smith, N. C. Powers, Mrs. 0. T. Burt, Mrs. E. W. Pease, ■ E. B. JuDsojsr, Dudley P. Phelps, J. L. Bagg.^' On September 18, 1875, the bust was jDlaced in the middle alcove of the Central library, in front of the main entrance. The Rev. S. R. Calthrop, pastor of the Unitarian Society, in behalf of the donors, pre- sented the bust to the city of Syracuse, to be in charge 162 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSt; of the Board of Education. W. A. Duncan, president of the Board of Education, in behalf of the citizens of Syracuse and the Board accepted the bust, and intro- duced Hon. Andrew D. White, president of Cornell universit}^, as the principal speaker. He gave a glow- ing tribute to the character of Mr. May, and in closing, said : "■ Tliis bust would endure as a memorial of Mr. May's character ; for the serene face would for years radiate that benign influence which would cause some- one to take up again the good work he had loved so well." In October of this year the Central ungraded school was opened with Daniel Losey, principal, assisted by A. B. Blodgett and George W. Hey ; and the evening school under charge of J. Weed Monroe assisted by A. S. Durston and A. B. JBlodgett. Later Mr. Blodgett was transferred to the principalship of the First Ward ungraded school, J. F. Belknap taking his place, and James E. Steele becoming assistant in the First Ward school. The plan recommended by the Commissioner of Edu- cation at Washington for representing the city systems of scliools at the Centennial Exposition was adopted, providing for a large card giving a synopsis of the pub- lic school system in respect to the subjects taught in each grade, the number and designation of each grade, with the number of pupils in each by sexes, the same in respect to teachers, the salaries of teachers by sexes. A. B. Blobgett. 164 HISTOEY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYEACUSE the population of the city, the taxable property, amount of taxes, school population, amount of school taxes, etc. Numerous items in relation to orphan asylums, private schools, business colleges, schools of pharmacy and den- tistry, female colleges, Sunday schools, public libraries, art museums, scientific museums, associations for mutual improvement, including their character, number of members, value of libraries, collections, and instru- ments, etc. The president in his inaugural recommended retrench- ment as far as possible. Among other means for accomplishing this, all first year pupils might be limited to half -day attendance, half coming in the forenoon and the others in the afternoon. This had been in opera- tion before, but was not strictly observed. A reduction of about thirty assistant teachers from the preceding year had been made possible by consolidation and dividing the primary classes ; but many of those dropped were employed before the expiration of the year, some on account of resignations and some be- cause of large increase of pupils. A resolution was adopted reducing the salary of all High school teachers having $1,000 or upwards 10^. In November the schools were closed for a week to give the teachers the opportunity of visiting the Cen- tennial Exposition at Philadelphia. On account of the crowded condition of Prescott school one class of senior pupils was transferred to Genesee school, thereby mak- THIRD DECADE 165 ing it partially a senior school. This has continued to the present time. The ungraded schools in the First and Third Wards were opened in the fall under the principalships of Jas. A. Allis and James M. G-ilbert respectively, and an evening school in G-enesee school-house with J. Weed Monroe as principal. The organization of the Board, March 6, 1877, was effected with no change in commissioners, J. W. Barker was elected president. The year beginning March 6, 1877, was marked by changes and reductions in salaries. Although last year the number of teachers had been reduced by more than thirty, and the salaries of High school teachers had been reduced 10^, the Com- mon Council by a committee of conference with the Board of Education urged still greater reductions, but finally granted the sum asked for general purposes, dis- allowing the building fund. E. F. Ballon, teacher of music, resigned, because of pressure upon the Board ; and Ceorge A. Bacon, assist- ant m the High school, was dropped by the Board from lack of funds. The High school course was reduced to a three-years' course. The salary of assistant teachers were reduced, and that of the superintendent dropped to $1,800. Soon after the appointment of teachers. Principal Taylor resigned from Seymour school, and E. B. White was transferred to the position, A. B. Blodgett being ap- 166 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OP SYRACUSE pointed princijDal of Salina school. At a meeting in August the salary of male principals was made $1,200. The basis of admission to the High school from the advanced A senior classes was made the same as for passing from the lower grades, i.e., Ihio in each study. At the opening of the September term it was found necessary to employ more teachers in a number of the schools on account of the increased attendance. Notwithstanding the strictest economy, as the year drew near its close, the funds were so limited that the clerk was instructed to write to the Superintendent of Public Instruction to ascertain the amount the city might expect from that source, and when it might be had. Notwithstanding the lack of funds the Board decided to open the evening school. J. Weed Monroe was put in charge, assisted by Michael E. Driscoll and Mr. Backman. Later in the season the ungraded schools were opened under the same supervision as in the preceding year. The ladies of the Employment society asked for the privilege of using several of the school buildings for starting sewing schools in the different wards. The request was granted on condition that they be con- ducted without expense to the Board. A lady was appointed as overseer for each ward, under the super- vision of the superintendent. The High school had increased in attendance so that another teacher was needed, and G-eorge W. Eollins was appointed at a salary of 11,000. CHAPTER V FOUETH DECADE— 1878 to 1887 At a meeting of the Board, April 4, 1878, a memorial was adopted eulogizing Orrin Welch, lately deceased, for his long and useful service upon the Board. Considerable attention having been attached to the schools of Quiiicy, near Boston, under the supervision - ,^ of Col. F. W. Parker, a com- mittee consisting of J. W. Durston and the superintend- ent was appointed to visit those schools to observe the work done by the pupils, the methods employed, etc. ; "^-AJ^^^'^ and to report to this Board. . ARKER. The committee returned from the visit impressed with the personality and energy of Col. Parker, and with the results he had accomplished in the schools under his charge. He was filled with enthusiasm and energy and believed in breaking away from routine practices, in discarding everything which was merely [formal in school methods, and in so con- (167) Edward E. Chapman. FOUETH DECADE 169 ducting all school work as to stimulate observation and awaken thought. His most efficient work, at that time, had been directed toward better methods in teach- ing reading, spelling and arithmetic, and in doing this work to throw the burden of it upon the pupil. Com- position and sight-reading were included in language, and common business transactions in arithmetic. The course of study was revised, and some of the principles advocated by the superintendent and teachers of the Quincy schools incorporated. Miss Belle Thomas, a Quincy teacher, was made principal of the primary department in Madison school. Miss Mary P. Ehoades asked leave of absence that she might spend a year in travel abroad, and Mr. Thurber resigned the principalship of the High school, to accept a like position in Worcester, Mass. The Board passed resolutions highly commendatory of Mr. Thurber's character and work. George A. Bacon was appointed to succeed him. In the autumn, Andrew D. White made another donation to the Central library, consisting of photo- graphs of ancient Syracuse. A lot on Willow street costing 12,500 was bought for Prescott school, in anticipation of a new building. Commissioner Barker, who retired from the Board at the close of the year, had served as representative of the Third Ward for twelve years, and as the president of the Board for the last year. His services were OiD Montgomery School. FOURTH DECADE 171 acknowledged by appropriate resolutions. On March 4, 1879, the new Board elected Edward E. Chapman, president. The Common Council having failed to make pro- vision for carrying on the schools, the Board in May made a movement to continue the spring vacation indefinitely, but matters having been satisfactorily ad- justed, the schools commenced at the usual time. Montgomery school had been improved during the sum- mer vacation by changing recitation rooms into class rooms, and by adding to the building, additional entrances and stairways. Penmanship had not been satisfactorily taught, and C. R. Wells after two months' trial was employed as special teacher. He continued in this position till the close of the year 1891-92, when he resigned to be enabled to accept the calls that came from cities in all parts of the country for special instruction. The "movement sys- tem" which he originated and developed in the schools of Syracuse is working a revolution in the teaching of this subject. Superintendents have wondered at the results obtained in our schools, and have visited us to see our methods, in every case returning convinced that the movement system is the one method of teaching. It is safe to say that in penmanship Syracuse leads every city in the country. O-wing to the deficiency of funds and also to the small and irregular attendance of the Central ungraded Chaklbs K. Wells, tOUElH DECADE l73 school it was abandoned, bnt the First Ward school was • opened under the charge of Mr. Allis. Mrs. Mary Dana Hicks, who for a long time had been in charge of drawing in the High school and in the ward schools and who had been eminently suc- cessful in her work by raising the stand- ard and popularizing this branch, resigned her place here, to accept a position in the Prang Publishing Company, of Boston. Her resignation was accepted with deep regret, and Miss Lucy A. Adams was elected to take her place in that depart- ment in the High school. In January, 1880, Miss Sophia C. Wightman resigned the principalship of May school after long service as a teacher in the emj)loy of the Board. She was a faith- ful teacher, conscientious in her work and eminently successful, but failing health required rest, and death soon followed. Lucy A. Adams. Phescott School. FOURTH DECADE 1'75 The contract for the new Prescott school was let for $19,476 and the Seymour addition for $2,529.75. These amounts exceeded the appropriation and the Common Council was asked to increase the amount for building purposes. Mrs. Gambia resigned her position as librarian and Eev. E. W. Mundy succeeded her at a salary of $1,000. The resignation of Miss Mary P. Ehoades from the High school was a loss much to be regretted. She had proved herself a teacher of uncommon power and influence, and her services would have been retain- ed had the funds permitted. She went to the Brock- port Normal school where her influence is strong and uplifting. Wm. B. Harlow, a graduate of Harvard, was appointed to succeed her. Dr. Brownell was allowed $200 toward expenses in procuring specimens for the cabinet and for work m classifying and arranging specimens already there. The Training school opened in September under a more systematic plan, in charge of Miss Belle Thomas, in the Madison school. Eight students entered the class and in January they were examined by a committee appointed by the Board. The examination tested the method of conducting a recitation ; power to hold the attention of children, in reading, writing, language; and ability to lead pupils to discover the facts the teacher wished them to see, without suggestions from the teacher. This was the beginning of a teachers' Rev. E. W. Mundt. Wm. B. Haelow, Ph. D. 178 HISTOEY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYEACUSE class where specific training was given in all its details by one trained in the work. Later in the season 0. 0. Hinman resigned the prin- cipalship of the Putnam school and John D, Wilson from Manlius succeeded him. In the fore part of January, 1881, the Board attended the funeral services of Hon. Jas. Noxon who was a member of the first Board of Education and served in tliut capacity two years, (1848-49). Appropriate reso- lutions were entered upon the records. On account of reports greatly detrimental to the char- acter of the principal of Prescott school he resigned his position and W. P. Browning of Niagara Falls was ap- pointed to succeed him. He declined the position and J. E. Hornis a teacher from Milwaukee accepted it. He soon after resigned, and A. B. Blodgett was trans- ferred from Salina school. To the latter position H. E. Barrett, a graduate of the Oswego Normal, but at that time a resident of Chittenango and editor of a local paper, was appointed. The new Prescott building was constructed with reference to being heated by steam, but strong opposi- tion on the part of some members of the Board was made to this mode of heating on account of greater ex- pense. The opposition prevailed and furnaces were substituted. After eight years of service, the last two of which he served as president, Commissioner Edward E. Chap- John D. Wilson. H. B. Barrett. FOURTH DECADE 181 man retired from the Board. He left with expressions of sincere and hearty thanli:s from all his co-laborers for his helpful, earnest work. At the organization in March, 1881, H. E. Olmsted became president. On account of a report that the Irving school had be- come unsafe, the front walls and sides were torn down, and practically a new building resulted. Putnam and Townsend schools were enlarged and partially remod- eled this year, at a cost respectively of 13,189 and 1817.33. In May of this year the senior department moved into the new Prescott school-house and the other departments the following month. In October, Oeorge W. Eollins resigned his position as teacher of languages in the High school, to accept a position in Boston, and was followed by J. M. Griffin. Miss Ellen Williams, teacher of German, resigned, and Mrs. Emma Kingsley and Miss Carrie Shevelson were api3ointed. Dr. Bacon having received a call to a bet- ter position was induced to decline the offer by having his salary advanced to 12,500. Mrs. A. E. Kinne resigned her position in Madison school on account of failing health. William A. Sweet sent a communication to the Board, offering to pay the salary of a teacher for an evening school in the Fifth Ward on condition that suitable room and other conveniences wei'e provided. Prin- H. R. Olmsted. TowNSEND School. 184 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE cipal E. B. White was put in charge, and many young men profited by the experiment. Commissioner J. H. Durston of tlie Eighth Ward resigned and D. L. Pickard was appointed in his stead. Mr. Pickard had previously served four years in the Board and was cordially welcomed back again. At the request of the State Board of Health, located at Albany, an elaborate and full rejDort of the condition of the school-houses was sent to them, and upon the receipt of the same. Dr. Elisha Harris, State commissioner, re- turned thanks and asked permission to print portions in their annual report. Our city suffered another loss by the resignation from the training school of Miss Belle Thomas, she being called to Geneva to take charge of a primary school. After Miss Thomas left, the superintendent took charge of the work as well as he could in justice to his other duties, which had now become greater than one man could satisfactorily perform. He reported to the Board in detail the work of that school, stating that he had continued it, but in order to make it successful a compe- tent teacher must be employed and the course re-ar- ranged with the work systematized and put upon a permanent basis. After the organization of the new Board, Commission- er Duncan called up the request made by the principals the preceding June for a restoration of salary to the same that it had been five years before. This was p. L, PiCKAKD. 186 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE adopted for all those who had been in the employ of the Board for three years. The commissioner also called attention to the condition of Seymour school-building, and asked for a careful consideration. He said almost the temporary repair fund for that ward for several years had been expended on that house in putting in piers, columns and bolts. Three times the building had settled several inches, and had been raised by screws to near its original position. It seemed to him useless to continue to expend money on the old struc- ture. It was money thrown away. The executive committee by instruction from the Board proceeded to get plans and estimates for its improvement. At a meeting March 21, the committee reported that they had visited all the school-houses, and found several of them out of repair owing to short appropriations in past years. A much larger sum of money would be re- quired to replace worn out floors, roofs, walks, out- buildings, paint, etc. It would be necessary to call for larger amounts for fuel, supplies, and for contingencies and teachers' wages. The committee also reported that Seymour school-house had been abandoned upon the demand of citizens of the ward, whose judgment was coincided with by all who had examined the building. Temporary provision for seating the pupils had been provided in such rooms in the ward as would accomo- date them. Thus the school was continued but in most cases by very unsatisfactory surroundings. FOUETH DECADE 187 The report having prevailed that pupils were suffer- ing from too great a strain upon their eyes. Dr. Van Duyn with the superintendent was appointed to visit the schools and report to the Board. It was found in one of the best that not more than 3^ of the pupils in any room had any defective eye-sight, and that this had not increased in the higher grades. This was not true of some of the other schools. Test-type was recom- mended for the trial of the eyes of the children by the teachers, so that pupils might be seated in accordance with their power of vision. In May, bids for a new building for the Seymour school were opened and found far to ex- ceed the appropria- tion. A committee from the Board was appointed to consult with the lowest bid- der for the purpose of devising some way for going on with the work, if possible. The Common Coun- cil passed a resolu- tion to give 125,000 Mrs. Libbie I. Broavn. Prin. Primary Department, Seymour School, to the b uilding i: u Setmoue School, SOUKTH DECADE 189 fund if that would fully equip the house for school purposes. Plans were revised, and a contract entered into with A. L. Mason to enclose the building for the sum of $15,700, including an addition on the north-east corner for recitation rooms. Mrs. 0. B. Hurd, who had long served as a faithful, competent and successful teacher, resigned from Clinton school on account of failing health and Mrs. L. L. Goodrich supplied her place. On March 6, 1883, William Brown Smith was elected president of the Board. Mrs. Lucy M. Brand, after a long and faithful service as a teacher, covering a period of twenty-seven years, having been principal of Salina, Irving and Genesee schools, successively, sent to the Board her resignation. This was accepted with grate- ful acknowledgment of her excellent service. Just before the adjournment Commissioner Duncan called the attention of the Board to the fact that this closed the seventeenth year of consecutive service by Mr. Smith as superintendent of schools of this city, that this was probably the longest time any one in the State had held such a jDosition, and that no one not connected with school work could appreciate the diffi- culties incident to the position ; ten thousand children must be cared for during ten months of the year ; school- houses needed constant watching in matters of safety and health ; teachers were to be trained, guided and William Brown Smith. :&OUETfl DECADE l91 helped, and matters of discipline settled. In all this vast matter of detail all recognized Superintendent Smithes position, integrity, watchfulness and faithful- ness. He therefore moved a vote of thanks, which was seconded by Commissioners Smith, Olmstead and Pick- ard in brief remarks, and unanimously adopted. At the appointment of teachers in June Miss S. M. Arnold received the appointment for one term, which would end in January, 1884, and the clerk was instructed to notify her to this effect. Miss Arnold was expected to give in her resignation, but this she failed to do, reporting herself at the beginning of the following term, and she had been in the school one month at the organiza- tion of the new Board. A special meeting was called to consider her case, when it was decided to let her con- tinue to the end of the year. She was then made prin- cipal of the primary department of Montgomery school. Action was taken allowing pupils preparing for en- trance to the High school to take the Regents' examina- tion in spelling and geography at the close of the first half of the eighth year, and the examination in gram- mar and arithmetic at the end of that year. The salaries of the senior principles was advanced to $1,500. Mrs. Mary J. Perry who had served three or four years as teacher in two of the ward schools and several years as an efficient and zealous teacher in the High school, after a severe illness was removed from her 192 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE labors by death. The Board adopted resolutions strong- ly commending her faithful work. Upon reviewing the finances it was found that barely enough money remained at the disposal of the Board to pay the salaries of teachers now under contract, while there were now seven schools, each of which needed an additional teacher. On motion, the president and clerk were instructed to prepare a statement to present to the Common Council setting forth these facts. Later in the season the commissioner in each of the wards with the superintendent put in additional teachers where they were needed for one month. Several meetings were held by the Board, and two joint meetings of the Board and Common Council in relation to providing additional funds for carrying on the schools to the close of the fiscal year ; and upon the failure of the Council to provide these, the schools were closed January 24, 1884, by the following resolution : "Resolved, That the Superintendent be instructed to give notice to the principals of the schools and through them to the teachers, that the schools will be closed until further notice, except the Kegents^ classes now in examination, which will continue to its close ; and that the superintendent be instructed to notify the mayor of this action. " Resolved, That the president of this Board be requested to notify the public, through the press, of the reason for this action." FOURTH DECADE 198 The mayor responded by saying that necessary funds would be provided. This action resulted in calling the Board together immediately and the clerk was instructed to notify the mayor that when the Board shall be informed that sufficient funds have been placed in the city treasury for carrying on the schools they " will be opened. Another reply was received in response notifying the Board that funds to the amount of $3,750 had been placed in the Merchants^ ISTational Bank to the credit of the Board of Education. This called an- other special meeting January 24, 1884, when the follow- ing reply was ordered: " To the Hon. Thomas Ryan, Mayor of the City of Syracuse, ''Dear Sir: — Your official communication, notify- ing the Board of Education that you had placed $3,750 to their credit in the Merchants' National Bank, is received. Assuming that this money will be transferred to the city treasury, from which alone we are author- ized to draw, the schools will be ordered opened this morning. (Signed), Clerk Board oe Education"." A full detailed statement of the financial condition accompanied the comunication to the mayor, showing a deficiency of 18,690, upon accounts already received which might be reduced by sums estimated to be received from the Board of Regents and from receipts from tui- tion of non-resident pupils, amounting altogether to 12,490, leaving still a deficiency balance of $6,200. 194 HISTOET OF THE SCHOOLS OF STEACtJSE March 24 closed the fiscal year which had been one of more than common diflBculties and trials, but all of which had been bridged over by leaving a debt for the next Board to provide for. Janitors were required to have charge of the build- ings for the entire year, including all vacations. A committee from the Women's Temperance Union, at a regular meeting of the Board, presented a request from their organization asking for an introduction into the schools of a text-book on temperance. This was introduced, action having previously been taken on the matter. At the organization of the Board, March 4, 1884, William Brown Smith was re-elected president but declined to serve and D. L. Pickard was elected. The arrearages from the preceding year caused much anxi- ety at the beginning of this year, and the budget was made up by 23lacing at the head of it the amount of said arrearage and asking : For last year's over-draft, $ 6,989.58. For teachers' wages, 97,500.00. For other expenses, 39,400.00. Of which sum the city was asked to raise 11,857.91, and for a permanent fund to cancel two mortgages on the Prescott school lot, one for $2,000 and the other for 11,800 making a total of 13,800. The Common Council approved the budget except the over-draft, which was claimed to be out of their power, and they recom- mended that the Board of Education unite with them FOURTH DECADE 195 in asking the Legislature to authorize the adding of the deficiency to the tax-list of tliis year. This course was finally adopted. At the May meeting, the superintendent called the attention of the Board to the employment of children between the ages of eight and fourteen, in violation of State law. He further referred to the keeping of chil- dren after school for idleness, truancy, misconduct, etc. Both of these subjects received attention, the former by printing the statutes on cardboard and plac- ing them in factories and other places where such chil- dren are employed and by calling attention of employers to the subject ; and the latter by direct work among the teachers. Mrs. L. L. Goodrich, principal of Clinton school, having prepared and mounted the ferns of Onondaga county, spread them on the tables of the Board for their inspection at the June meeting. She also sent a letter from which these ex- tracts are taken : " Gentlemen of the Board of Edu- cation, " Three years ago I sent to the High Mrs. L. L. Goodrich. SCllOOl at Ottawa the Clinton School. FOUETH DECADE 197 mounted specimens of Filius Onondaguesis. Not feel- ing satisfied with myself in working for foreign missions when our own High school had no herbarium, I set myself to work to make a collection of all the ferns of this county for our own home institution, which I have collected from far and near, from rocks and mud, from hill and valley, and thoroughly studied, identified and mounted, and now, with pleasure, present them to you, hoping these will prove as those did I sent to Ottawa, a nucleus to a herbarium, not only of the flora of our own county, but of the State." Mrs. Goodrich received the thanks of the Board, and the results have proven the wisdom of the giver in the work of the classes under the care and guidance of Miss Overacker, into whose charge the specimens were placed. During the summer vacation the Madison school- house was remodeled, heated and ventilated. This house, had from the first sufliered in these respects. In the remodeling, large rooms were partitioned into smaller ones, making twelve rooms of sufficient size to seat from forty to eighty pupils each, all so arranged as to have good light, well heated and ventilated. The Salina senior school was retransferred to the old building, and Miss Mary L. Ford was made principal of Jefferson school in place of Miss Freeman, who had resigned. 198 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Timothy J. Coon- ey^ who had acted as assistant in the superintendent's of- fice, after a long and trying sickness, died, having faithfully served in that capac- i t y for more than seven years. The Board acknowledged their appreciation of his faithful services a n d his conscien- tious, upright char- acter in resolutions placed on the minutes of the meeting in August. In the autumn of this year the village of Carthage was destroyed by fire, the school-houses together with the books and clothing of the children being destroyed. A letter from Superintendent George F. Sawyer to the city superintendent setting forth the necessities of the schools and the inability of the citizens to supply that need resulted in a collection from each of our city schools, amounting in all to $680.08. Mrs. Goodenough being present at a teachers' meet- ing about that time gave some examples of vocal drill and offered to teach classes. Some of the teachers Makt L. Foed. FOURTH DECADE 199 wishing to take lessons in this branch, she was tem- porarily employed at $40 per month, but after a short time the class was discontinued. A committee appointed to look into the statutes relat- ing to compulsory education, presented a full report, giving the text of the different acts of the Legislature relating to cities. The daily papers were requested to publish these for the enlightenment of the public. In January, 1885 a report by the superintendent was given of the condition of each of the school buildings, in re- spect to ventilation. Tests were made by means of the anemometer, and were considered reliable. Four or five of the houses were reported fair to good, and the remainder as requiring the attention of the Board for remodeling or rebuilding. At the beginning of the term in February the senior departments in most of the schools were full, some of them not having room enough to seat all the pupils. Miss Estella Kneeland resigned from the High School and Miss Edith M. Clarke was appointed to the position. Miss Kneeland was a graduate of Mount Holyoke Seminary, and a teacher of rare attractiveness and power. She married Fred 0. Eddy, now cashier of the Bank of Syracuse. She is at this time president of the Portfolio Club, one of several literary organizations that have done much for the culture of the city. Miss Mary Burke the former principal of the Adams school, and who had resigned on account of failing Michael Malonet. POUKTH DECADE 201 health some time before, died in January, 1885. On February 5, Miss Irene A. Clark succeeded her as prin- cipal. Miss Bni'ke commenced teaching in 1858 in the Townsend school, after two or three years being transferred to the Putnam school as principal of the primary department. She continued in this school till the. Adams school was built in 1874, when she was appointed its principal, which position she held till a few months before her death. She was very energetic and had the close co-operation of her teachers and pupils. An effort was made by the commissioner of the Sixth Ward to secure a new school-house, and for that pur- pose a lot on South Salina street, near the crossing of the D. L. & W. Railroad, was contracted for, but the project was abandoned. At the close of the fiscal year. Commissioner Warner offered the following : Whereas, It ajopears from the statement of the clerk and from the report of Mr. Mann that the practice of having, in our financial year, the salaries of teachers, janitors and other officers of the Board begin February 1, instead of March 1, has existed since 1864, and as the reason for this seems to us more than over-balanced by the propriety of having all parts of our financial expend- itures begin and close at the same time as in the other departments of the city government, therefore, ''Resolved, That we recommend to our successors to increase the amount of the budget, for the coming year 202 HISTOKY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE to such a sum as shall be sufficient for school purposes from March 1, 1886, to March 1, 1887, with the addition of such an amount as shall be necessary to pay all offi- cers' and teachers' salaries for the month of February next, to the end that all parts of our financial expendi- tures shall close hereafter March 1, On March 1, 1886, Commissioner Maloney was elected president. Another standing committee, a committee on hygiene was added making eight in all. The principals of the junior and primary schools had asked for an increase in their salaries during the last year which could not be allowed because no appropria- tion had been asked to meet such an expense, but at the beginning of this year their salaries were fixed at 1800 and a sum needed to meet the advance was added to the budget which included : The amount for salaries for last February, $ 10,309.30. For teachers^ wages from March 1, 1886 to March 1, 1887, 104,969.50. And for increase in junior and primary principals' salaries, 7,095.86. The total amount asked for teachers' sala- ries was 112,374.66. All other exj)enses would require, 44,008.00. The amount to be raised by the city, 129,958.45. The Common Council reduced this last amount to 1118,579.31. This action compelled the Board to re-ad- just the budget by making pro rata reductions on each POUETH DECADE 203 item inclnded in the budget. Some dissatisfaction was felt on account of high salaries, and as one of these in the High school seemed to be out of proportion to the others, Mr. Brownell's was reduced to what it had been previous to the last advance, i. e. to |1,800. This was taken as a reflection upon Mr. Brownell and at the next meetiug he and his friends secured its restoration to $2,000. A special teacher was recommended for reading and vocal drill, and soon afterward Mrs. G-oodenough re- ceived an appointment to drill the teachers for the remainder of that term. The committee on hygiene after quite a thorough examination of all the schools made a full report of the hygienic conditions of each. The majority were found to be fair, but quite a number and especially the older buildings were condemned. The Montgomery house being built on low, flat ground was the worst of all. All the new buildings were satisfactory. Miss Catharine Carrier of the Franklin school who had been in the public schools as teacher since 1869 almost without the loss of a day, was taken sick last term and asked for leave of absence. She was never able to resume her work and died in 1886. Appropriate resolutions as to her worth, faithfulness and success were entered upon the records. As the year advanced and the schools filled up, the necessity for more school room became apparent. The 304 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF STEACUSE Clinton school was divided into small rooms to increase its capacity and newly seated. A new building in the Third Ward^, named the Frazer school, was built at a cost when completed of nearly $20;,000. On account of some unavoidable changes a greater expense was put upon this house than was expected and a supplementary budget amounting to 15,148 was asked of the Common Council. On account of poorly ventilated houses, members of the hygiene committee visited Boston to see the method used there in some new houses by which with a fan driv- en by power almost perfect ventilation had been secured. This method was put into the High school in the fall at a cost of $2,197, and has proven a partial success, al- though not equal to what it might be in a house built for it. This plan has been used in tliree of the school-houses in this city, but it is regarded by the Board as too expensive and too liable to get out of repair unless great outlay is made at the beginning. Mrs. M. L. McLean, principal of Townsend school, from an accident the preceding winter, caused by a fall, had been unable to be in her place and it was supplied temporarily. Later in the season she resigned and Mrs. Kate M. Cullen was appointed the principal. Mrs. McLean, first appointed in 1859 as M. L. Adams, was remembered at her death by suitable resolutions in regard to her character, her long service and her suc- cess. FOURTH BECABE 205 Milton F. Griffin sent in his resignation as teaclier in the High school, and is now teaching in the west. He was an excellent teacher beloved by all. Fred- erick Howard was appointed to succeed him. During the sum- m e r vacation the Franklin school- house had been re- modeled and partial- ly finished and sup- plied with new desks by which its seating capacity had been greatly increased. At the beginning of the term the Clinton, Grace, Seymour, Montgomery, Putnam, Irving and Madison schools in one or more de- partments were very much crowded. The demand for more room was so imperative that the clerk was instruct- ed to write to the State Superintendent to ask him if it would be expedient for the city to exclude from the pub- lic schools children between five and six years of age. He replied, the State law allows children five years of age to attend the public schools, and the State pays public money to all districts for children of that age. They cannot therefore be legally excluded. Mrs. Kate Cullen. Putnam School. FOURTH DECADE 307 Preparations were made for a new building in tlie Putnam district and a lot was purchased on the corner of Madison and Mulberry streets at a cost of 115,000. A building of two stories containing sixteen rooms was commenced, and completed the next year. The con- tract price was $33,390, without seating, heating, walks, etc. In 1886, the Board adopted a resolution requiring all female teachers upon marrying to send in their resigna- tions. This was regarded by many as an unwise step, from the fact that nothing prepares a woman so well to train children in school, as the love and sympathy that is developed by the relation of mother and children in the family. The plea for the movement was that so many young ladies with no means of earning a livelihood had prepared themselves for teachers, and there were no places for them. At this time the villages of Geddes and Danforth were annexed to Syracuse, adding to the city the Porter, the G-ere, the Brighton, the Danforth, and the Rock schools. The Board granted Dr. Bacon leave of absence with- out loss of salary through the months of May and June, that he might study up secondary education in Europe. Charles E. White, superintendent of the G-eddes schools previous to the annexation of that village to the city, was appointed principal of Franklin school, and Miss Eliza Kennedy was trans- Gkke School. A'iNE School. 210 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF STEAOUSE ferred from Franklin to the j^i'incipalsliip of Frazer school. The name of the Central school in Geddes was changed to Porter school, in honor of Dr. Porter, who had formerly been a teacher there and afterward for many years one of the most useful and enthusiastic members on the Board of Education in the village. Since the resigation of Mr. Ballou in 1876, there had been no regular teacher of music, but upon the adop- tion of the Normal course in music [1888], F. A. Lyman was appointed teacher and has been for four years in the work to the satisfaction of all connected with the schools. Miss Eliza Caldwell, a teacher in the Dauf orth school, having been employed a few months, beginning in the autumn of 1886, was not doing satisfactory work, being somewhat erratic in her methods, and the commissioner of the Sixth Ward, under whom she was employed, although in a school where the commissioner of the Eleventh Ward had jurisdiction, notified her that her work was not satisfactory, and asked her to hand in her resignation. She appealed to the commissioner of the Eleventh Ward, and a special meeting of the Board was called to consider the matter. After hearing the mat- ter it was decided to let her remain till the close of the term. Another large tract joining the city on the south was annexed to the city. Most of this was a farming country but there was a small wooden house, of one room. Chaeles E. White. Fredeeick a. Ltman. FOUKTH DECADE 213 on a lot to which the district had no title. A new lot was purchased, the building moved upon it and put in repair;, and Miss Bessie Hurd appointed teacher, al- though there were only from fourteen to eighteen scholars. In 1886, a lot was purchased in the Fourth Ward, and a four-room building of wood put upon it, designed to seat 200 pupils. Previous to this building a school had been kept in that locality in rooms rented for the purpose, which were inconvenient, small cind unhealthful. The new building is on a good sized lot, on high ground, and with pleasant surroundings. Principal Giles H. Stilwell and wife, of Porter school, resigned, Mr. Stilwell designing to enter the profession of law. Since then he has been admitted to the bar, and has made rapid strides in his profession. He is serving his fourth year as a member of the Board of Education, and is now the president of the Board. He was suc- ceeded in Geddes by W. H. Scott. Principal Ebenezer Butler, of the Danforth school, resigned his position, and J. Q. Adams, from the Brighton school, became his successor. The regular schools in the Fifth Ward were too full to admit all pupils desiring to attend, and a branch school was opened in the southern part of the ward, and styled the Merrick school. Rooms in the base- ment of a church, large enough for eighty pupils were fitted up. Being on low ground, high water in the ^^•^^^ &. ^fg. *•'' -, '' * ^, M'A • ""i'riiii"'iiW|BHBE' %. W. H. Scott. \ J. Q. Adams. 216 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE spring compelled a removal to better quarters. Since then a new, pretty, commodious house lias been erected, with the Smead system of ventilation and closets, which has for two years given satisfaction. The commissioner of the Tenth Ward urged that the higher department already established in the Porter school, be allowed to continue as it had been for three or four years, but this was not considered to be for the best interests of the children of that locality, and it would necessarily add materially to the expenses of the city. The superintendent was- directed to remove the apparatus belonging to high school work to the Syra- cuse High school. Principal R. B. White wishing to engage in other work for a while and yet not to give up his position, asked for leave of absence. This was granted, and Bruce M. Watson, a teacher of the High school, was given the place. Mr. White did not return to this school, but two years after was appointed principal of the Madison school. Mr. Watson has done excellent work, and Seymour school has maintained its standing under his administration. Mr. Cummings followed Mr, Watson in the High school- as teacher of the training class with success, but resigned at the end of a year to comjolete his college course of study in New Jersey. In February a report of the teachers^ committee in respect to the salary of lower grade teachers was accepted by which assistants for first yearns service should receive Mekrick , School. Bkuce >I. Watson. FOUETH DECADE 219 ), for second yeai' 1350, for third year 1400, and for fourth year and thereafter ^5450. 0. 0. Kinyon was appointed teacher in the High school in jolace of Miss Shevelson, to whom had been granted leave of absence. Upon the return of Miss Shevelson the classes had so increased that Mr. Kin- yon^s appointment was made permanent. Near the close of the fiscal year, books, sets of draw- ing models, pencils and stationary for the use of prim- ary children were purchased at a cost of 13,331.33. This purchase had been made possible by a change in the city charter providing for the supply of all books and other material in the primary department. A. Von Landbbkg. CHAPTER Vi FIFTH DECADE— From 1888 In March, 1888, Alexander Von Landberg was elected president of the Board. The superintendent recom- mended a re-adjustment of the grades in the city schools by naming them primary, grammar, and High school, but no action was taken. The reasons given for making the change were that the Bureau of Education required such a division and this would not interfere with State reports. It would also be in harmony with the New England system of reporting and with that of several of the other States. At the appointment of teachers in June for the next school year. Miss Lizzie Dwyre was made principal of the primary department of Montgomery school, and Miss Arnold assistant. On July 5, 1888, Dr. Bacon resigned the principal- ship of the High school. The Board adopted the fol- lowing : "Resolved, That this Board receives with regret a communication from Dr. Bacon, resigning his position as principal of the High school of Syracuse, N. Y., and (321) W. K. WiCKES. G. A. Lewis. 224 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE desire to express their thorough ajDjDreciation of the efforts of Dr. Bacon in his position in tlie High school during the last ten years, and we extend to him our hearty good wishes for his snccess in the field of his future labors." Wra. K. Wickes, from Watertown, N. Y., was ap- pointed to succeed Dr. Bacon at a salary of $2,500. Miss Mary E. Sykes was offered the position vacated by Mr. Cummings, but could not accept because of a previous engagement in the Cook County Normal, and Geo. F. Lewis from Ogdensburg, was appointed. Miss Belle Cowles, a teacher in the High school, was granted leave of absence for the purpose of perfecting herself in the German language, and her place was sup- plied by the appointment of Miss Rachel Shevelson. Miss Sawyer who had just returned from a leave of absence, took the place vacated by Miss Goldman. Contrary to the usual custom of the Board, a supply of singing books, to remain the property of the Board, were ordered purchased to supply the city schools. Later in the season a resolution was adopted asking the Legislature to amend the city charter changing the term of office of the superintendent of schools from one year to three years. There had been a difference in the salary of the assistants to the principals in the senior schools, and at the February meeting a resolution was adopted fixing that salary at FIFTH DECADE 225 The next term in February opened with full rooms in nearly all the schools and a committee of three from the Board were appointed to look over the city and report where school buildings were most needed and in what way greatest relief could be afforded. On March 5, 1889, William H. Warner was elected president of the Board. The next order of business was the election of clei'k and superintendent for three years. Mr. Smith asked permission to leave the room. An informal ballot was ordered, which resulted in giv- ing seven votes to A. B. Blodgett and three votes for Mr. Smith. Commissioner Schmeer moved that the informal ballot be declared formal, and Mr. Blodgett was elected. Commissioner Von Landberg announced that he cheerfully and cordially offered to Mr. Smith the principalship of Prescott school which had become vacant by the election of Mr. Blodgett, and on motion of Commissioner Schmeer he was appointed. After some hesitation and consultation Mr. Smith accepted and assumed the postion, which he still holds. The committee appointed by the preceding Board to report where new schools were most needed recom- mended building new houses in the Ninth and Twelfth Wards, and a ten-room building was ordered built to relieve the Fifth and Ninth Wards, and a four-room building for the relief of the Madison school in the Four- teenth Ward. For these purposes an appropriation of 130,000 was made. Lots were purchased and plans and William H. Waenee. FIFTH DECAt)E 227 Specifications were adopted. A new lot was also pur- chased in the Fifth Ward^ at a cost of $3,500 for enlarg- ing the Grace school-house. The Board asked to be relieved from repairs on streets, sidewalks, sewers, etc., where appropriations for such purposes had not been asked, and the matter was referred to the city attorney. His decision was •that the Common Council should pay for all such expenditures, they being custodians of all city property. The musical director asked for the purchase of addi- tional charts and other material needed in that depart- ment, and also that members of the training class be required to perfect themselves in this branch, as in others, before being granted a diploma for teaching. These requests were approved and carried out, and bet- ter facilities for the training class in all departments were secured. In May, at the suggestion of the superintendent, an appropriation of $200 was made by the Board, and Prin- cipals A. E. Kinne and Edward Smith were requested to prepare for publication a history of the city schools. This work was commenced during the summer vaca- tion, but it required too much time and labor to be completed within the year, especially by those engaged in teaching. The work thus begun, however, has resulted in the present volume. During the autumn of 1889, John W. Smith, con- nected with the Solvay Process Works, presented a 228 HISTOET Oi" THE SCHOOLS OF SYEACtTSi: plan for teaching architectural and mechanical drawing in an evening school, volunteering his services, provid- ed the Board of Education would secure suitable room, light, etc. This proposition was gladly accepted. The superintendent acted with Mr. Smith in making neces- sary provision for the work. This was the beginning of a school which has now been in operation three years, having had more applicants than could be accomodated. Near the close of the year, the death of Commis- sioner Thomas Meagher and of the wife of Commissioner A^on Landberg brought sorrow into their households, and appropriate resolutions of sympathy and condolence were passed by the Board in each of these cases. A special meeting of the Board of Education was,., called to take action on the death of Ansel E. Kinne,-^ principal of Madison school, and appropriate resolutions acknowledging his faithfulness and efficiency as an instructor were passed. Owing to the exhaustion of the fund appropriated for teachers' wages, an application for opening evening schools was denied. Early in the fall and winter a sentiment pervaded our city, as it did the State, in favor of placing the Ameri- can flag upon the school buildings. Through the con- tributions of the pupils and teachers, nearly all the school-houses were provided with the national emblem. The new school building in the Ninth Ward was com- pleted and occupied in February, 1890, with Miss Mary Delaware School. 230 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE W. Flanagan j)i'incipal. This was a ten-room building, modeled after the Frazer school, in the Third Ward, and cost, including the lot, $23,000. It was not fully com- pleted till the following year, when it was named the Delaware school. In March, 1890, William Spaulding was elected pres- ident of the Board. After the opening of the Delaware school last year, sufficient room had been provided for all the pupils in that part of the city, and what was known as the Magnolia school, in the G-eddes annex, was abandoned, the pupils being sent to the Porter and the Delaware schools. Miss Dwyre in charge of the training class, having shown her adaptability to the work in this city and being known abroad, was strongly urged to leave the work here, at an advance of salary, to take a similar position in the west, but the Board wisely put her sal- ary at 11,000 to retain her services. J. F. Oooney, after six years' service as assistant clerk of the Board of Education, resigned, and his brother, P. D. Cooney received the appointment to the position. Beside the school-house erected on the Merrick tract, in the Fif ch Ward, already mentioned, plans for alter- ing and improving Salina school, for an addition to the Clinton school, and for the erection of a new house in the Eleventh Ward were adopted, and except the last named were completed during the current year. The estimated cost of the Eleventh Ward house according Wsi. Spaulding. 332 HISTOEY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYKACUSE to the architect for partial corapletion was $18,996. The contract was signed and the work commenced, but progressed very slowly for want of sufficient means. Arrangements were made in the autumn, for opening the mechanical drawing school, organized the pre- ceding year, and three evening schools in different parts of the city, for a term of sixteen weeks, four days in a week. All of these were exclusively for pupils not in the regular day schools, and admittance was conditioned upon the recommendation of the ward commissioner. Tuition was free to such as were admitted, books were furnished, the students in the drawing school providing themselves with necessary materials. A new stipulation for the appointment of teachers, provided that no permanent appointment shall here- after be made except after a six months^ service which shall prove satisfactory to the principal of the school, the superintendent, and the commissioner of the ward. The superintendent called the attention of the Board to the fact that no provision had been made for rooms for the Board of Education in the new City Hall, and the president of the Board and Superintendent Blodgett were appointed a committee to consult with the Mayor and Common Council in relation to the matter. This resulted in securing convenient and suitable rooms in the south-east corner of the building, second floor. In February, 1891, by action of the Board of Educa- tion, in connection with the Board of Health, an act FIFTH DECADE 238 was passed, forbidding the registering of any pupil in the public schools without the certificate of the health officer. In March, 1891, Edward C. Wright was elected pres- ident of the Board. Miss Lucy A. Adams, who had been director of drawing for a term o f years, resigned, and was appointed teacher of that branch in the High school, and Miss McLennan, of the Oneonta Normal school, was given charge of drawing in all the schools. On account of ill-health she was forced to decline, when it was offered to Miss Emm a J. Asbrand, who has occupied the position for one year. She has already gained the confidence and sympathy of teachers and pupils, and has made marked progress. Miss Amelia Weiskotten was also added to the corps of teachers in the High school. Emma J. Asbkand. Edwakd C. Wright. FIETH DECADE 335 The graduating exercises, at the close of the term end- ing January, were held in the Wieting Opera House for the High school, and the Alhambra for the Advanced A senior class. The several senior schools united in their exercises. There is no hall large enough to accommo- date the citizens who always turn out to ex- ercises of the public school children, and both of the halls Amelia Wktskotten. were crowded. During this year a better organization for the teach- ers' and training classes had been effected and better results were accomplished. An addition to the lot belonging to the Merrick school was purchased, by which it was greatly improved. During this year, Hon. J. J. Belden sent a communi- cation to the Common Council offering to erect a struc- ture for a Library and Art building for the benefit of these departments of public education on condition that a suitable site be provided by the city. 236 HISTOEY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE At a meeting of the Board of Education, Oommis- p , ,,. . sioner McAllister pre- I jJ^^^BI^^^^KiVijLZ^tjLiJ resolution, which was adopted : "Resolved, That the Board of Educa- tion of this'city, here- by extends its thanks to the Hon. J. J. Belden for his magnif- icent and timely gift ; and that we individ- ually pledge him our earnest efforts and best support looking to the fulfillment of his highest wishes and expectations in this grand enter- prise/' The Board, by a unanimous vote, gave the free use of the large room in the High school building for the 0. L. S. C. university extension course of twelve lect- ures. This offev was accepted, but popular feeling was so much roused that this room was too small to seat the assembly. The largest city churches were filled to their utmost capacity. A supplementary course was started later in the season when the High school room was occupied and proved satisfactory. By this means two Mart Lounsbuet, Principal of Genesee School. FIFTH DECADE 337 courses, numbering in all twenty-four lectures, were provided to citizens at a nominal price. At the organization of the Board of Education in March, 1892, Giles H. Stilwell was elected president. New buildings were erected for Montgomery and G-race schools, the perspectives of which here given will illus- trate the present ideals of Syracuse in school architec- ture. In general it may be said that never were our schools more prosperous, our teachers more united, or our system of public education more firmly entrenched in the hearts of the people. Grace School. THE PUBLIC LIBRARY The public library has been an important factor in the educational interests of our city and we give a brief history of its organization and growth. In 1827, Governor Dewitt Clinton recommended the establishment of small libraries in the several district schools of the State. There were about 8,000 of them at that time and 430,000 pupils. The cost of these schools was about $200,000. The suggestion culmi- nated in an act which was passed in 1835, authorizing the purchase of district libraries for the schools of the State. Previous to this act James Wadsworth, with others, had, in 1831, secured the reprinting and distribution of " Hall's Lectures on School Keeping" to all districts in the State. This was. well received and was read by teachers and parents. Gen. Dix, who was the Secretary of State and ex- officio State Superintendent, was intrusted with the execution of a law giving $55,000 to the several districts, on condition that an equal amount should be raised by them. This met with favor and was heartily responded to throughout the State. (240; THE PUBLIC LIBKARY 241 Geiiei'al Dix's successor in 1841 reported the number of volumes in tlie district libraries to be 422,459, and in 1842, 630,125, an increase in one year of over 200,000 volumes. In 1843 another act was passed permitting the money to be used for the purchase of apparatus and another afterward for the payment of teachers^ wages, provided the district contained over fifty children, from five to sixteen years of age, and the library 125 volumes. The superintendent's report this year showed 1,604,210 volumes. Eight years after, in 1861, the report showed a decline, there being only 1,286,536 volumes, a decrease of 317,674 volumes, although the 155,000 had been annually appropriated. The next year the superin- tendent found the libraries represented by a motley collection of 1,500,000 volumes scattered among the families of the district and piled upon their shelves, or stored away in damp cellars. The Legislature, in 1864, authorized all districts receiving less than |3 to use the money for the payment of teachers' wages or for the purchase of apparatus. The division of library money caused a decline as Superintendent Morgan predicted in 1840. The Central Library, now, and since its organization, has been under the charge of the Board of Education. The foundation of this library was the district school libraries of the town of Salina, which came into the city under the charter of incorporation. These several libraries were like others heretofore mentioned, a mot- 242 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE ley collection of books : some excellent, others worth- less. The same books were found in many if not in all the ten districts, and an effort was made by the Board, in 1857, to avoid duplicating books, and thereby, with the same expenditure of money, purchase a greater variety. The libraries of the schools near the centre of the city were collected at the City Hall, in a room provided for that purpose, and the books of reference in all other schools were also brought there. The more distant schools kept only such books as children would want to read. In 1858, all the libraries were placed under the control of the librarian, and different days assigned for the several wards to draw books under his direction. This was soon followed by bringing all the books together at the Central Library, and fixing certain days of the week for the several schools to draw. Eooms at the north end of the old City Hall were arranged with shelving and book-cases, convenient and attractive. Under Sec. 19, Chap. 2, of the Rules of the Board, published in 1857, the superintendent is made "the librarian, under the direction of the library committee, and was given charge of the central and district libra- ries ; to devise some system for the letting, care and preservation of the books ; and to report to the Board once a year, the condition and necessities." The next year, John J. Peck was made chairman of the library committee and did most excellent work. In THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 243 an elaborate report, he said : " The Board fully appre- ciating the importance of reference and circulating libraries as aids in the great work of education, mani- fested a desire to raise the standard, by enlarging the libraries and improving them by bringing them within the reach of citizens." That report resulted in the establishment, by consolidation and purchase, of the Central Library, containing 3,000 volumes of standard works. A course of free lectures, partly to stimulate interest in the library, was delivered by several of the citizens in 1857, '58, '59. The library in 1861, con- tained 3,500 volumes, besides several hundred dupli- cates, with an average weekly circulation of 500 ; or over 35,000 for the year. The design at the beginning was : 1st. To make it as complete as possible in the standard and common works upon history, biography, science, etc. 2d. To obtain a large amount of valuable works of reference, books beyond the reach of ordinary readers. 3d. To furnish the best standard works of light literature and a great assortment of juvenile reading. As the library increased in its usefulness and its cir- culation, it became necessary to have the librarian always at his post ; and in 1862, John Strachan was made assistant under the direction of the superin- tendendent of schools. He was followed by Patrick McCarthy, who began his official work in March, 1863. The first published report appeared in 1868, in the 344 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF STEACUSE report of the Board of Education^ in which is given the number of volumes in 1867 to be 5,227, which was in- creased in 1868 to 5,870. The circulation was increased more than one hundred per cent in five years. Six hun- dred seventy volumes had been added by purchase and twenty volumes had been donated during the year. The circulation was over 30,000. In the report for 1869, 1,373 volumes were added by purchase, and one hundred forty-six by donation. Among those donated were the London Builder, con- taining twenty-five volumes, and fifty-one volumes of the London Illustrated Netm, from 1841 to 1867, given by Andrew D. and Barrett R. White, as before noted. The Central Library was moved from its too limited quarters in the City Hall building, April 19, 1869, to the High school building ; and contained 10,000 vol- umes. There had been added by purchase 2,472 vol- umes, and by donation 187 volumes. The circula- tion the first year after removal averaged 130 a day. During the following year, Mr. McCarthy died, after seven years of service, and his son William, who had been his assistant for six years, received the appoint- ment, and served three years. John S. Clark succeeded William McCarthy, and served three years. During these six years, the number of volumes increased from 10,592 to 14,070. The average daily loan for this period was more than 133 per day for all days in which the library had been opened to the public. THE PUBLIC LIBKARY 245 In the summer of 1875, the bust of the Rev. Samuel J. May was placed in the middle alcove, as before stated. Mrs. Mary A. Gambia succeeded Mr. Clark as librarian, in 1876, and continued to March, 1879. At the close of her term there were 13,344 volumes in the library, showing a decrease in three years of 726 volumes. The daily loans had averaged 164, and the number of vol- umes loaned the last year was 47,760. The Rev. Mr. Mundy, the present librarian, was appointed in 1880. He says : "■The library has doubled in size, and has improved greatly in the quality of its books. The library now contains over 23,000 volumes. During the last few years special attention has been given to the works of reference and to local history. The local history of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New Eng- land is becoming fairly well presented on the library shelves. The library is moderately good also in gen- eral history and poetry. The funds for the use of the library are meagre and the purchases are therefore lim- ited. The popular demand for fiction is such that a large proportion of the money spent has been put into books which are of but temporary value. It is however to the credit of the reading public that while the quality of the books bought during the last ten years has been very much improved, the circulation has increased. 246 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE The library is becoming very much cramped in its present place and greatly needs larger rooms. One of our public spirited citizens has undertaken to provide for this need. The Hon. J. J. Belden has offered to erect a library building to cost not less than 1150,000. The Common Council has accepted his offer and com- plied with the conditions named. The people may therefore look forward to see a building for their library which will be an ornament to the city. With this will doubtless come increase of funds for purchasing books. And a few years of judicious management of a small fund for the increase of books will give our library fair standing among the libraries of the Empire State." MEMBERS AND OFFICERS OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION Note.— Numbers in parentheses show the wards. The name of the president is in SMALL CAPS ; of the olerls and superintendent, in italics. 1848.— (1) Wm. Clark, John P. Babcock ; (2) James Noxon, 0. M. Brosnan ; (3) Hiram P[jtn"am, Daniel Bradley ; (4) Oliver Teal (till resignation, April 24 ; then T. B. Fitch), Charles A. Wheaton ; A. G. Salis- hury. 1849.— (1) AYm. Clark (till resignation ; then Mr. Nathan, and afterward John McCarthy), Wm. H. Hoyt; (3) James Noxon, Ira A. Thnrber; (3) Hieam Put- nam, Eobert R. Eaymond ; (4) T. B. Fitch (till resig- nation in May; then Smith Ostrum), P. C. Samson; A. G. Salisbury (till resignation ; then William L. Grandall). 1850.— (1) William H. Hoyt, John McCarthy ; (2) Ira A. Thurber, John Wilkinson ; (3) Eobert E. Eay- mond (till resignation ; then C. F. Williston), Hieam PuTif AM ; (4) P. C. Samsom, Charles A. Wheaton ; William L. Cr«w(/a/^ (till resignation ; then ^. G. Sal- isbury). (347) Giles H. Stilwell. President of the Board of Education, 1892-93. BOARDS OF EDUCATION 249 1851. _(l) Charles B. Scott, John McCarthy ; (2) James C. Hancbett (till resignation ; then Alanson Thorp), John Wilkinson ; (3) Hieam Putnam, William Bliss Ashley ; (4) Charles A. Wheaton, E. T. Hayden ; A. a. Salisdury{t\\\Ye^\gxiQ.i\o\\; then E. A. Sheldon). • 1852.— (1) Charles B. Scott, James Lynch; (2) John B. Burnett, Alanson Thorp ; (3) Wm. Bliss Ashley, Lewis J. G-illett; (4) E. T. Hayden, Charles A. Wheaton -, E. A. Sheldon. 1853.— (1) James Lynch, Matthew Murphy ; (2) John B. Burnett, Q. A. Johnson ; (3) Lewis J. Gillett (till resignation ; then Ansel E. Kinne), William Hall ; (4) Charles A. Wheaton, E. T. Hayden; E. A. Shel- don (till resignation ; then Willinm Hall). 1854. — The city had been divided into eight wards, and two commissioners from each, increased the Board of Education to sixteen members. (1) John McCarthy, Wm. F. Gere ; (2) Walter C. Hopkins, Matthew Mur- phy ; (3) P. S. Stoddard, Q. A. Johnson; (4) N. F. Graves, J. G. Wynkoop ; (5) H. L. Dinmore (till res- ignation ; then LeEoy Morgan), Ansel E. Kinne (till resignation ; then G. H. Hulen) ; (6) William Bliss Ashley, William Hall ; (7) H. D. Hatch, E. T. Hay- den (till resignation ; then J. A. Allen) ; (8) W. H. H. Smith, George Barney ; M. L. Broion. 1855.— (1) John McCarthy, Abram Davis; (2) Mat- thew Murphy, Christian Freeoff ; (3) P. S. Stoddard, Smith Trowbridge ; (4) N. F. Graves, E. P. Hopkins; p. J. CODT. Frank Hopkins. J. J. Keefe. p. K. Kiblet. BOARD OF EDUCATION, 1892-93. BOARDS OF EDUCATION 251 (5) LeRoy Morgan, N. H. Kinne ; (6) Win. Bliss Ash- ley, William Hall; (7) H. D. Hatch, Joseph A. Allen; (8) W. H. H. Smith, W. E. Rose ; Geo. L. Farnham. 1856.— (1) Nicholas Oooney, John McCarthy; (2) Jacob Brand, Matthew Mnrphy; (3) Smith Trowbridge, Q. A. Johnson ; (4) Edwin P. Hopkins, William J. Hough ; (5) LeRoy Morgan, N. Hildreth Kinne ; (6) William Hall, Erancis H. Williams ; (7) Joseph A. Allen, Joseph I. Bradley ; (8) Wm. E. Eose, George J. Gardner ; Geo. L. Farnham. 1857. — By another amendment to the city charter each ward will now be represented by one commissioner after another year, when the time for which four of the present Board here elected has expired. (1) N. M. Ohilds, Nicholas Cooney; (2) Jacob Brand; (3) Joseph P. Calanan (died before taking his seat ; then Wm. V. Brnyn) ; (4) Wm. J. Hough ; (5) N. H. Kinne, W. W. Willard ; (6) E. H. Williams (till resignation ; then E. E. Stevens) ; (7) Joseph A. Allen, Joseph I. Brad- ley ; (8) Geo. J. Gardner ; Geo. L. Farnham. 1858.— (1) N. M. Ohilds; (2) C. M. Henderson; (3) Wm. V. Bruyn ; (4) John J. Peck ; (5) Wm. W. Wil- lard ; (6) R. E. Stevens ; (7) Joseph A. Allen ; (8) C. L. Chandler ; Geo. L. Farnham. 1859.— (1) Michael E. Lynch ; (2) C. M. Henderson; (3) Lyman W. Conkey ; (4) John J. Peck ; (5) Titus J. Eenn ; (6) E. E. Stevens ; (7) Joseph A. Allen ; (8) Calvin B. Gay ; Geo. L. Farnham. LjiKoY MoEGASr. President of the Board of Education, 1856-57. BOARDS OF EDUCATION" 263 I860.— (1) Michael E. Lynch ; (2) Jacob Miller ; (3) Lyman W. Conkey ; (4) JoHisr J. Peck ; (5) Titus J. Penn ; (6) Eichard P. Stevens ; (7) Joseph A. Allen (resigned, Pebruary 19, 1861, after six years of service); (8) Calvin B. Gay ; Geo. L. Farnham. 1861.— (1) Walter M. Dallman ; (2) Jacob Miller; (3) Lyman W. Conkey ; (4) JoHJsr J. Peck ; (5) Titus J. Penn ; (6) Richard P. Stevens ; (7) Charles D. Davis ; (8) Calvin B. Gay ; Geo. L, Farnham. 1862.— (1) Walter M. Dallman ; (2) Leonard Saxer ; (3) Lymajs" W. Conkey ; (4) Grove L. Johnson ; (5) Titus J. Penn ; (6) Jas. S. Leach ; (7) Charles D. Davis; (8) George J. Gardner; Geo. L. Farnliam. 1863.— (1) Michael Murray ; (2) Leonard Saxer; (3) Samuel L. Comstock ; (4) Grove L. Johnson ; (5) Arthur H. Wellington ; (6) James S. Leach ; (7) John Hoye ; (8) Geo. J. Gardner; Charles E. Stevens. 1864.— (1) Michael Murray; (2) Eobert Shumann ; (3) Samuel L. Comstock ; (4) Samuel J. May ; (5) Arthur H. Wellington ; (6) Nathaniel B. Smith ; (7) John Hoye ; (8) Manning C. Palmer ; Charles E. Stevens. 1865.— (1) John 0. S. Lynch; (2) Eobert Schumann; (3) Samuel L. Comstock ; (4) Samuel J. May ; (5) Eichard E. Lusk ; (6) Nathaniel B. Smith ; (7) Stiles M. Eust ; (8) Manning C. Palmer ; Charles E. Stevens, clerk ; John H. French, superintendent (till resigna- tion ; then Charles E. Stevens). James McAi.listeu. John A. Mackey. James H. Meagher. John J. Moore, M.D. BOARD OF EDUCATION, 1893-93. BOARDS OF EDUCATION ^55 1866.— (1) Jolm 0. S. Lynch ; (2) Thomas J. Leach; (3) Samuel L. Oomstock ; (4) Samuel J. May ; (5) Eichard E. Lusk ; (6) Orrin Welch ; (7) Stiles M. Rust; (8) John D. Bridges ; Edtvard Smith. 1867.— (1) Thomas Power ; (2) Thomas J. Leach ; (3) John W. Barker; (4) Samuel J. May; (5) John J. Lynch ; (6) Orrin Welch ; (7) Stiles M. Eust ; (8) John D. Bridges ; Edward Smith. 1868.— (1) Thomas Power ; (2) John L. Eoehner ; (3) John W. Barker; (4) Samuel J. May ; (5) John J. Lynch ; (6) Orrin Welch ; (7) Stiles M. Eust ; (8) John D. Bridges ; Edward Smith. 1869. — (1) John McCarthy ; (2) John L. Eoehner ; (3) JohnW. Barker ; (4) Samuel J. May ; (5) Nathan- iel B. Smith ; (6) Orrin Welch ; (7) Stiles M. Eust ; (8) John D. Bridges ; Edward Smith. 1870.— (1) John McCarthy ; (2) John Yorkey ; (3) John W. Barker ; (4) Dudley P. Phelps ; (5) Nathai^- lEL B. Smith; (6) Orrin Welch; (7) Stiles M. Rust; (8) Darwin L. Pickard ; Edivard Smith. 1871.— (1) John McCarthy; (2) John Yorkey; (3) John W. Barker ; (4) Dudley P. Phelps ; (5) William A. Duncan ; (6) OnEm Welch ; (7) Stiles M. Eust ; (8) Darwin L. Pickard ; Edivard Smith. 1872.— (1) John McCarthy; (2) Henry C. Allewelt; (3) John W. Barker ; (4) George B. Leonard ; (5) William A. Duncan ; (6) Nathaniel B. Smith ; (7) Stiles M. Eust ; (8) Darwin L. Pickard ; Edivard Smith. Gbokge a. Sawyer. Wakhen D. Tallman. L. A. Saser, M.D. Ievin K. Webb. BOARD OP EDUCATION, 1892-93. BOARDS OF EDUCATION 257 1873.— (1) Edward E. Chapman ; (2) Henry C. Alle- welt; (3) John W. Barker; (4) George B. Leonard ; (5) William A. Duncan ; (6) Nathaniel B. Smith ; (7) Stiles M. Rust ; (8) Darwin L. Pickard ; EcUuard Smith. 1874.— (1) Edward E. Chapman ; (2) Henry C. Alle- welt ; (3) John W. Barker ; (4) Jacob S. Smith ; (5) William A. Duncan ; (6) Orrin Welch ; (7) Stiles M. Rust ; (8) John B. Tallman ; Edward Smith. 1875. — There were no changes in the Board of Edu- cation except in the Seventh Ward, where John J. Crouse succeeded Stiles M. Rust, who had served ten years in the Board. All other retiring commissioners were re-elected. Orrin Welch ; Edioard Smith. 1876.— (1) Edward E. Chapman ; (2) Peter Knaul; (3) John W. Barker; (4) Jacob S. Smith,; (4) William A.Duncan; (6) Hiram R. Olmsted; (7) Martin A. Knapp ; (8) John B. Tallman ; Edward Smith. 1877. — All commissioners whose terms of office ex- pired were re-elected, and there was no change in the Board. John W. Barker ; Edward Smith. 1878.— (1) Edward E. Chapman ; (2) Peter Knaul ; (3) John W. Barker ; (4) Henry E. Warne ; (5) Wm. A. Duncan ; (6) Hiram R. Olmsted ; (7) Martin A. Knapp ; (8) John H. Durston ; Edward Smith. 1879.— (1) Edward E. Chapman; (2) Peter Knaul; (3) William Brown Smith ; (4) Henry E. Warne ; (5) 258 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE William A. Duncan ; (6) Hiram R. Olmsted ; (7) John M. Strong ; (8) John H. Durston ; Edward SmWi. 1880. — (1) Edward E. Chapman (completed eight years of service in the Board, the last two of which he was president) ; (2) J, Daniel Ackerman ; (3) W. Brown^ Smith ; (4) George^C. Young ;Z{^) William A. Duncan ; (6) Hiram R. Olmsted ; (7) John M. Strong; (8) John H. Durston ; Edward Smith. 1881.— (1) Thomas Nicholson ; (2) J. Daniel Acker- .m a n ; ( 3 ) V,^W . Brown Smith ; (4) George C. Young ; (5) William A. Duncan ; (6) Hi- ram R. Olmsted ; (7)JohnM. Strong; (8) John W. Durs- ton (till resignaton; then D. L. Pick- ard) ; E dioar d Smith. 1882.— Ered W. Willwerth succeed- ed J. D. Acker- man as commissioner from the Second Ward, all other members remained the same as for the preceding year, Hiram R. Olmsted ; Edioard Smith. Chares F. Wisehoon, Jr. Member Board of Education, 1892-93. BOARDS OF EDUCATIOI^ 259 1883.— (1) Michael Maloney ; (3) Fred W. Willworth; (3) W. Brown Smith ; (4) George C. Young ; (5) William A. Duncan ; (6) Hiram R. Olmsted (retired after eight years of service, two of which he was presi- dent) ; (7) John T. Jenkins ; (8) Darwin L. Pickard ; Edtoard Smith. 1884.— (1) Michael Maloney ; (2) Daniel Schraeer ; (3) W. Brown" Smith (till resignation) ; (4) Alexan- der Von Landberg ; (5) William A. Duncan ; (G) John W. Yale ;. (7) John T. Jenkins ; (8) Darwin L. Pick- ard ; Edward Smith. 1885.— (1) Michael Maloney; (2) Daniel Schmeer ; (3) James M. Belden ; (4) Alexander Von Landberg ; (5) William H. Warner ; (6) John W. Yale ; (7) James F.Kennedy; (8) Darwin L. Pickard (retired from service, having represented his ward eight years on the Board, and two years as president) ; Edward Smith. 1886. — (1) Michael Maloney: (2) Daniel Schmeer; (3) James M. Belden ; (4) Alexander Von Landberg ; (5) William H. Warner ; (6) Abel C. Benedict ; (7) James M. Kennedy ; (8) James B. Brooks ; Edivard Smith. 1887.— (1) Michael Maloney ; (2) Daniel Schmeer; (3) Thomas Meagher ; (4) Alex. Von Landberg ; (5) William H. Warner ; (6) Abel 0. Benedict ; (7) James •F. Kennedy ; (8) James B. Brooks ; (9) Edward M. Klock ; (10) Mott R. Pilaris ; (11) James R. McAllis- ter ; Edivard Smith. 260 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE 1888.— (1) Michael Maloney ; (2) Daniel Sclimeer ; (3) Thomas Meagher ; (4) Alex. Von Landberg ; (5) William H. Warner ; (6) Edward C. Wright ; (7) James F. Kennedy; (8) James M. Gilbert; (9) Edward M. Klock ; (10) Motfc E. Pharis (till resignation ; then S. Dempsey) ; (11) James R. McAllister ; Edward Smith. 1889. — (1) John Comerford ; (2) Daniel Schmeer ; (3) Thomas Meagher ; (4) Alexander Von Landberg ; (5) William H.Warner; (6) Edward C. Wright; (7) William Spaulding ; (8) James M. Gilbert ; (9) Michael F. Casey ; (10) Giles H. Stilwell ; (11) James R. McAllister; A. B. Blodgett. 1890.^ — (1) John Comerford ; (2) Daniel Schmeer ; (3) James H. Meagher ; (4) Alex. Von Landberg ; (5) William H. Warner ; (6) Edward C. Wright ; (7) .William Spaulding ; (8) John A. Tholens ; (9) Michael F. Casey ; (10) Giles H. Stilwell ; (11) James R. McAllister ; A. B. Blodgett. 1891.— (1) John J. Keefe; (2) Daniel Schmeer; (3) James H. Meagher ; (4) Alexander Von Landberg ; (5) Warren D. Tallman ; (6) Edward C. Wright ; (7) Patrick R. Kieley ; (8) Alexander Grant ; (9) Patrick J. Cody ; (10) Giles H. Stilwell ; (11) James R. McAl- lister ; (12) Charles F. Wisehoon, Jr.; (13) John A. Mackay; (14) John A. Tholens; A. B. Blodgett; P. D. Gooney, assistant. 1892.— (1) John J. Keefe ; (2) Dr. Leonard A. Saxer; BOAEDS OF EDLCATIOK 261 (3) James H. Meagher ; (4) Frank Hopkins ; (5) War- ren D. Tallman ; (6) Dr. John J. Moore ; (7) Patrick Kieley ; (8) George C. Sawyer ; (9) Patrick J. Cody ; (LO) GriLES H. Stilwell ; (11) James K. McAllister ; (12) Charles F. Wisehoon, jr.; (13) John A. Mackay ; (14) Irvin K. Webb; A. B. BlodgeLt ; P. D. Coonnj, assistant. PRESIDENTS OF THE BOARD Name. Date. Tears. Oapt. Hiram Putnam, 1848-51, 4 Charles A. Wheaton, 1852-53, 2 Nathan F. Graves, 1854-55, 2 LeRoy Morgan, 1856, 1 William J. Hough, 1857, 1 N. M. Childs, 1858, 1 John J. Peck, 1859-61, 3 Lyman W. Conkey, 1862, 1 Samuel L. Comstock, 1863-64, 2 Samuel J. May, 1865-69, 5 Nathaniel B. Smith, 1870, 1 Orrin Welch, 1871, 1 Stiles M. Ptust, 1872-73, 2 Orrin Welch, 1874-75, 2 William A. Duncan, 1876, 1 John W. Barker, 1877-78, 2 Edward E. Chapman, 1879-80, 2 Hiram R. Olmsted, 1881-82, 2 W. Brown Smith, 1883, 1 Darwin L. Pickard, 1884-85, 2 Michael Maloney, 1886-87, 2 Alexander Von Landberg, 1888, 1 William H. Warner, 1889, 1 William Spaulding, 1890, 1 Edward C. Wright, 1891, 1 Giles H. Stilwell, 1892, (262) SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS Albert G. Salisbury, William L. Crandall, Albert Gr. Salisbury, Edward A. Sheldon, William Hall, Mortimer L. Brown, George L. Farnliam, Charles E. Stevens, Edward Smith, A. Burr Blodgett, 1848-50, 1 yr. 10 mo. 1850, 5 months. 1850-51, 10 months. 1851-53, 2 years. 1853-54, 10 months. 1854-55, 1 year. 1855-63, 8 years. 1863-66, 3 years. 1866-89, 23 years. 1889- 'Now in offi( (263) STATISTICAL TABLE Jefferson school (No. 3), built 1848 ; enlarged 1874. Montgomery school (No. 11), built 1851 ; enlarged 1857 ; rebuilt 1892. Townsend school (No. 12), built 1851 ; enlarged 1861 ; enlarged 1881. Seymour school (No. 9), built 1852 ; enlarged 1862, 1865, 1881 ; rebuilt 1882. Salina school (No. 8), enlarged 1852, 1858 ; aban- doned and new house built 1859, 60 ; enlarged 1871 ; burned and rebuilt 1873 ; remodeled 1890. Irving school (No. 13), built 1857 ; enlarged 1866 ; rebuilt 1881. Putnam school (No. 7), enlarged 1857, 1863 ; burned and rebuilt 1871 ; enlarged 1881 ; new house on new lot built 1888. Clinton school, built 1859 ; enlarged 1861, 1866, 1870. Genesee school (No. 4), built 1862 ; enlarged 1870. High school, built 1867, 68. May school, built 1867 ; remodeled, 1885. Franklin school, 1869, 70 ; remodeled 1886. Fayette school (No. 6) and Lodi school (No. 10), abandoned, 1871. (264) STATISTICAL TABLE 265 Madison school, built 1871. Grace school, built 1874 ; rebuilt 1892. Adams school, built 1874. Prescott school, enlarged 1867 ; abandoned and new building built 1881. Frazer school, built 18 — ; burned and rebuilt 1887. Vine school, built 1887. Bassett school, built 1890. Merrick school, built 1890. Delaware school, built 1890. Brighton school, built 1891. CO CO o -* t~ 07 1-1 (M CO t~o — '*o«>oo'*i>ic^iooaoco^oi'*'*oioio LO 30 ^ L-r c; o:! o — ^ — o"? — c-7 CO GO cj CO '^ -Tt< o .— c? 00 '- 0"» :0 LO t- C- '^ C» O 01 O 07 O CvJ ^ xt< O O '^ C? 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ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS With date of apjjointment, years of service, and schools where emjiloyed, designated hy letters. IS'oTE.— a, Hisli; b, Salina; c, Jefferson; d, Townsend; e, Franklin; f, Gene- see; g, Frazer; li, Prescott; 1, Clinton ; j. Vine ; k, Fayette ; 1, Seymour ; m, May; n, Grace; o, Montgomery; p, Putnam ; q, Irving ; r, Lodi ; s, Madison ; t, Delaware ; u. Porter ; v, Gere ; w. Magnolia; x, Danforth; y, Brighton; z. Uose; A, Adams; B, Bassett; aa, Onondaga Orphan Asylum; bb, St. Vincent de Paul's Orphan Asylum; nn, Merrick ; *, now teaching ; +, Portrait ; Dec, Deceased; W. soh., Winter school. In dates, the 1800 is omitted. Abbott, Harriet B.; 54-69; b, c; Syr. Aldrich, Albina; 75-80; n. Detroit, Abbott, Nellie J.; 7'2 ; Mrs. John Duncan, Syracuse. Abbott, Nellie S.; 88-93 ; s, y, * Abel, Netties.; 77; 1. Ackerman, Mattie B. ; 89-92 ; p, * Adams, Maria E. ; 05-76 ; f , n, o, q, s, Michigan. Adams, Isabel H.; 62-68; q. Adams, Lucy A.; 67-92 ; a, f, *, t. Adams, Marcia ; 52-53 ; q. Adams, Sophia ; 53-55; s. Adams, John Q.; 81-92 ; x, y, * + Alden, Nellie M.; 72-74; q, Mrs. Coit. Allen, Caverno D.; 48-50; a, f, went to Rome, N. Y. Allen, Sophia; 53-55; a, s, married. Alliu, Mrs. Maria; 52-53; s. Michigan. Allis, James A., 70-80; w. sch. Syr. Allis, Carrie L.; 84-91; e; Syr. Allis, Mary D.; 88-90; a, Syr. Anabel, Miss; 75; u. Mi-s. Henry Smith, Syr. Anderson, Frances; 54-74; s, Syr. Arnold, Sarah M.; 58-92; a, o, *; Syr. Arnold, Wealthy; 68; o,' deceased. Arnold, Emma E.; 71; a. Arnold, Mattie; 71-77; o. Arnold, Mary; 88-90; b, Mrs. George Hubbs, Syr. Arnzt, Cai'oline M.; 68-76; e. Mrs. Cushney, widow, California. Ashfield, Elizabeth; 58-61; q, Mrs. Thomas Lnnn, widow, Syr. (269) Laura M. Geart, Gere. Abbib Isaacs, Vine. Harriet E. Abbott. Miss Flanagan, Jefferson (formerly). Delaware. PRINCIPALS OF JUNIOR SCHOOLS. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 271 Austin, Mrs. Alice; 65; 1, Mrs. Swan, Brooklyn. Averel, Frances; 55; u. Avery, Miss E. C; 68; o. Avery, Jennie A.; 70-73; a. Avery, Mrs. H. S.; 61; o. Avery, Mrs. Marietta S.; 56-60; o. Avery, Harriet; 60-64. Ayers, Daniel ; 73 ; b.; Syr. Babeock, Lucy E.; 70-73; m, s; Mrs. 0. W. Smith. Babeock, Agnes E.; 72-77; m, s; Mrs. "Wood, Syracuse. Bacon, George A.; 74-89; a; Allen & Bacon, Boston, Mass. Bach, Lottie E.; 78-92; e, * Bailey, B. N.; 72, 73 ; w. sch. Bailey, William; 48; u. Bailey, Leon O.; 78; u, x. Baker, Mary; 68-92; p, m, n, * Baker, AdellaL.; 75-92; m, * Bakeman, B. L. ; 78; w. sch. Balger. Etta; 91, 92; n, * Baldwin, Clara ; 54-56; k, m, p. Baldwin, Charles G.;72, 73 ; w. sch. Baldwin, Ellen; 66-92; 1, m, q, s, * Ball, Carrie; 62; d. Ballou, E. F.; 72-76; music. Bainbridge, Anna E.; 86-92; b, o. * Bainbridge, Lizzie ; b ; Mrs. , California. Banister, Mary E.; 73-86; a, 1, q; Syi-. Barker, Phoebe; s. Barker, Amelia, 48-50; v. Barker, F.M^; 81; x. Barnum, Gen. Henry A. ; 52, 59 ; b ; died, 1890. Barber, Alice; 62-64; 1. Barber, Margaret, 67-71 ; m ; Mrs. Horace Kendall, Syr. Bardwell, Louise; 70, 71; p. Barron Mrs. Eva L. (Williams) ; 73- 78; b, 1, *; Kentucky. Barnes, Lilian C; 83-86; o; married. Barrett, H. E. (Pr.): 80-92; b, c, * t Barrett, Margaret, 86-92; u, * Barney, Mary A.; 75-90; 1, p, m ; Meadville, Pa. Barnes, J. H.; 50 ; u. Barry, Ellen E.; 73-92; p, * Bassett, Minerva M. ; 68-70 ; q ; Mrs. J. Will Page, Syr. Bassett, Mary A. ; 60-62; p, q ; Mrs. Davis, New York City. Bateson, Rose; 63; p. Bates, Ella; 63, 64; k, m; Mrs. Miner, died 1872. Baum, Mary; 49; s. Baumgrass, Augasta C,; 87-92; e, * Barnes, J. H.; 50; u. Beal, J. B.; 48; (Pr) p, u. Beach, Fanny; 64-67; 1. Beach, Ada M.; 74-83; A; Mrs. Chas. Smith, Syr. Bailey, William; 48; u. Beebe, Charlotte; 51. Beebe, Harriet; 63-66; r ; Mrs. Wil- liam Greenland, Syr. Becker, Miss; (Pub) 72; w; Mrs. Rob- ert Gere, Syi-. Beebe, Hattie; 64-66; i, s, Syr. Beebe, Mary S.; 64-67; d, h; dec. Beebe, Mattie; 64-65; o. Beebe, Florence; 54-57; m. Behan, Margaret F.; 78-92; b. * Belknap, Samuel L.; 68, 75, 77; w. sch. 272 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Belknap, Mary E.; 75-92; g, u, * Bell, Cora M.; 87-92; f, i, y. * Bell, Carrie; 62. Bennett, Miss A.; 48; k. Berry, Ella; 74-76; t; Mrs. Hubbard, Syr. Benson, Alanson P.; 43; u. Bero, Kate M.; 86-92; p. * Bendixon, Miss ; j. Betts, Silas M.; 50-57; 1, o. p; Phil- adelphia, Pa. Betts, Mrs. Hanna Burnett; 52-57; p; Philadelphia, Pa. Bidwell, Nathan D.; 76-84; u, * east. Birch, Mary E.; 58, 59, 60; u. Bierhardt, Rose I.; 78-92. e; * Billington, Miles D.; w. soh. Birney, Helen M.; 66-72; f, 1, m; dec. Birney, Mary A. ; 73-92; 1. * Blair, Sophia; 67-71; h; Mrs. Gould, Bay City, Mich. Bitter, Henry ; 69-72; a; teaching music, Syr. Blanchard, Eva L.; 74^84; a, q, s; * West Chester, Pa., Normal Sch. Bliss, Jane A.; 63. Blodgett, A. Burr; 77-89; b, h; Supt. City Schools. Bloom, Sophia; 91, 92; A. * Bolway, Mary A.; 74-84; i; ^Mrs. John Harrigen, Syr. Boldry, Eva; 90-92; y, * Bondy, Yetta E. ; 85, 86 ; A ; Mrs. Bernstein, Ithaca, N. Y. Bolger, Etta; 91, 92; n, * Booth, Ella A.; 63-65 ; m ; Mrs. Vir- gil Irons, Toledo, Ohio. Bond, Ida L. (Hopkins): 68-70, 79-92; 1. m, o, A, * Booth, Florence; 68; p; Mrs. Steven Colwell, Detroit. Bottom, Electa J.; 71-78; q; Mrs. Lythe, widow, Wayne Co., N. Y. Bowen, Ellen V.: 56-62 ; d, h, i; Mrs. James Blair. Boyle, Thomas; 57; w. soh. Boynton, Mrs. Mary A. ; 70-92; h, b, o, 1. * Brace, Emma C; 56-82 ; b, c ; Mi"s. John Stacy, widow, Syr. Brace, Caroline M.; 51-54; b, c; Mrs. Scoville, on the Hudson. Brand Harriet M.; 58; p; Syr. Brassill, Lizzie, 91, 93; y, * Brand, LuoyM;; 56-58, 62-82; b, d, f, p, q; Matron Women's Hospital, Chicago. Brennan, Kate ; 64-77; b, c ; Mrs. Robert Brooks, Schenectady, N. Y. Bresnihan, Julia R.; 85, 86; p: dec. Brintnall, Libbie; 64-70 ; f, 1, p ; He- witt. Brintnall, Helen; 69; m. Briggs, Sylvia; 55, 56; m. Bradley, Mary A.; 51-53; f. Britton, Grace; 88-92; e, * Britton, Cora A. 73-76 ; d ; Mrs. W. A. Morgan, widow. Silver Spr., N. Y. Bridgeford, Elizabeth S.; 89, 90; a Syr. Bridgeford, Sarah; 63-65; h. Brigham, JohnB.; 48-53, 66-73, 78; b, h, f, 1, r; died, 1890, Syr. Brinkerhoff, Amy; 74-84, 88-92; e. A, cr * Bright, John M.; 53, 54; u. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 273 Brlnkerhoff, Sarah: 72-81; Mrs. Ami- don, Marcellus, N. Y. Brown, Mortimer L.; 53,54; c; t died, 1888. Brown, Perez ; 54-56 ; a, f. Brown, Ellen ; 56 ; o. Brown, Harriet E.; 51-53; r. Brown, Mrs. Libbie (Palmer) ; 61-92; 1, *t Brownell, W. A.; 71-92 ; a. * t Brownell, Alice J"; 7'5-89; h, i. *; Denver, Colo. Brooks, Miss J. B.; 48; p; Mrs. Castle, Geneva, O. Brooks, Sarah M. ; 56-57; p. Brooks, Charlotte J.; 56, 57; d. Bruegel, N. Roberta; 89-92 ; h, * Buck, Ellen A.; 68-70; q. Buckley, Ellen. Buler, Fiorina; 92; A. * Bunnell, Emma F.; 71-78; p. A; Mrs. Eupert, Geneva, N. Y. Bunnell, Fanny S. Burgess, Mrs. Jennie L. ; 62-69 ; d, f, h. Burdick, Hattie E.; 62-70; 1, o. Burdick, Isaac E.; 71-80; h; went to Chattanooga, Tenn. Burdick, Nettie A.; 68-71; k, 1; Mrs. Allen Sharpley, Oakland, Cal. Burdick, Louise; 78; married. Burch, Mary E.: 58-60; h, u; dec. Burrill, Maria; 58,59; u. Burk, Mary; 58-86; d,p,A; died 1886, Syr. Buckley, Ellen: 91-92; u. * Burritt, Fanny; 75; c; Mrs. Miles Syencer, Syr. Burnett, Sarah; 53-60; k, p; dec. Burnham, Sarah P.; 54, 55; b. Burnett, Frances; 54—; b. Burt, Hattie C: 70-75; d; dee. Buss, Laura M.; 91-92; h. * Bushnell, Marion B.; 63-92; p, s, * t Butler, Ebenezer; 64, 66-73, 82-87; 1, u, x; t Syr. Burroughs, Phoebe J.; 57-61; h, m. Butts, Angeline; 49, 50; p. Byrne, Mary F.; 85-92; p. A. * Cady, Mary; 54; u. Caldwell, Genevieve A.; 69,70; m, q; dec. Calthrop, Edith; 91,92; y. Cameron, A. G.; 72, 73; u. Cameron, L. May; 79-92; n, nn. * Camp, Theodore D.; 64- 67; p, * N. York City. Campbell, Joanna M.; 74-89; a, d. s; New Hartford, N. Y. Campbell, Gertrude T.: 70; a. Campbell, Isabel G. ; 76-78; s; dec. Carpenter, Jane A.; 57-61-74; b, o. Carpenter, Mrs. J. A.; 61-84; f, 1, o,p; Carter, Ellen; 70. Caraher, Catherine M.; 69-86; d, s; died 1886. Carroll, Nellie; 89-92; i, * Carew, Anna; 65-76; i; Mrs. Wm. Benson, Syr. Carter, Isabel: 68-70; b; Mrs. Mar- shall Burroughs, Syr. Case, Miss; 69; u; married. Casey, Ella; 88, 90; x ; married. Casey, Elliette W.; 55-58; f; dec. Casey, Augusta; 60; n. Castle, Kittie M.; 73-75; 1; Seneca Falls. 274 HISTORY OE THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Gate, Jennie M.; 79-85; n; Mrs. Jas. H. Waite, Syr. Caldwell, Geniveve; 70; nn. Chamberlain, Carrie A.; 68. Chamberlain, Frank C; u. Chaffee, W. G.; 63; u. Chapman, Eliza G. ; 63-93 ; o ,p, q, * t Chapman, Mrs. Laura A. Wells; 64- 83; d, o, 1; dec. Chappel, Electa B.; 55-63; 1; Mrs. Morehouse. Chase, Clara F.; 63-63; i; Mrs. Pot- ter, widow. Chase, Rose B. ; 5.5-56; b; Mrs.M'Lean Syr. Chase, Sarah; 63, 63. Chase, Ella M.; 68, 77; h, i; Mrs. Dr. Weaver, Syr. Chase, Emma J.; 63-7'0; i. Chedzoy, Carrie T.; 83-88; u. Cheney, Frances L.; 58, 59; q; Syr. Cheney, Ellen M.; 57-68; 1; Syr. Cheesebro, Deckle; 63-73; c, q; Mrs. Crandall, Chicago. Cheesebro, Fanny M.; 67-78; p. A; Mrs. Clark, Kindergarten, Keble School, Syr. Church, Frank E.; 70-80; p; Mrs. Maley, N. Y. Chope, Lizzie A.; 83-90; p; Mrs. Nai- smith, Oakland, Cal. Chope, Louise W.; 83-86; o, s; Cahf. Clark, AddieL.; 91, 93; n, * Clark, Irene A. ;64-86; 0,p,A,s; Mrs. J. H. Sweet, Syr. Clark, Mary; 66; q. Clark, Wm. P.; 73, Clark, Frances A.; 58; q. Clark, Zillah R.; 67-69; d; Mrs. Ro- backer. Clark, Alice S.; 71-75; q; Syr, Clark, Florence E.; 69-74; o, d, nn; Mrs. Jimison. Clark, Hettie H.; 74-77; e; Mrs. H. ITnderhill. Clarke, Edith E.; 85, 86; a, c, Syr. Clark, Grace D.; 89-93; o. * Olapp, Marthas.; 48-70; f, h, p, q; died 1891 at Lafayette. Clapp, Leonora S.; 53; d. Clement, Fanny; 65-66; c, o; dec. Clement, E. Augusta; 70-80; e, p; Mrs. Alviu S. PecTs, New York City. Cleveland, Mrs. Julia A. (Wescott) ; 65-93; d, o, * Chft. Mattie M.; 66-09; d; asylum, Glenwood, Iowa. Coates, Florence; 89-93; i, * Cobb, Emeline; 65, 66; f, o; Cats- kill, N. Y. Cobb, Irene; 68, 69; b. Cobb, Sarah E.; 71, 78-93; i, f, * Cobb, Louise D.; 70, 71; i; married Charles Keith, died 1885. Cockoraft, Ahda; 80-90; a, q, s; Mrs. Cockcraft. Europe. Coit, Rossetta A.; 59-60; c; taught 4 years in Fably Seminary, went south at the close of the war, re' mained there 9 years, 3 of them in Fernandina, 1869 founded a school of 4 pupils now grown into New Orleans University, now resides in Pulaski. Collier, Anna L.; 73-83; p; Mrs. E. C Wright, Syr. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 170 Coleman, Laiu-a A.; 70-71; 1, n; Mrs. Geo. A- Mosher. Syr. Coleman, Blanche H.; 88, 93; 1, * Collins, Kate M.; 82-93; 1, * Collins, Agnes; 78-90; bb, * Collins, Grace M.; 83-92; 1, * Cole,Ella A.; 66-75; l,q; married, Syr. Golwell, Florence (Booth); 68-71; p; Detroit. Colwell, Fanny; 88-92; c, * Cole, Sarah A.; 68-69; e. Conkey, Mrs. Lucy M.; 75-80; d, i, Syr. Cone, Mary E.; 64, 65; c. Congdon, C. A.; 76; w, sch. Cool, Myra E.; 70-75; l,n; Mrs. Alonzo Talmage, New Haven, Conn, Cook, Wm. H.; 53,53; 1. Cook, Lnvan, 51. Cook, Winnie (Barber); 68-83; 1, m, n; dec, 1883. Cook, Ella H.; 87-92; q, * Copeland, Susan J.; 83; Mrs. Ed. Andrews, Syr. Corey, Angenetta P.; 57-60; 1; Mrs. Burdiok. Corey, Sarah A.; 59-67 ; o, q. s ; Mrs. Henry Burdiok; now Mrs. Cleve- land Orville, Cal. Corbin, Lucy A.; 55-63; c, d; Mrs. John Wild, Royalton, Vt. Cornelle, Lewis D.; 48, 49; b, 1; died, 1883, Chicago, 111. Corwin, Angenetta ; 57-67 ; o, aa ; Syr. Cornwell, Edith; 91; v. Cowles, Belle W.; 86-91; a; Mrs. D. Cass Mason, Syr. Cox, Susan M.; 48; p; Battle Creek, Mich. Cooper, T.; 47; u. Crane, Josie P.; 65-71; d, r, s; dec. Crawford, Kate; 50-53; p; married. Crowley, Abby; 67-92; s, * Crowen, Mary E.; 66-74; d, e, o; Syr. Cross, Anna ; 41 ; u. Cowles, Clara L.; 73. Coykendall, Mary T.; 78-88 ; u. Cullen, Mrs. Kate M.; 61-66, 69-92; Prin., 0, d, * t Culver, Addie S.; 60-62; 1, o, q. Cummings, Lizzie E.; 83-93 ; q * Cummings, Sarah A. ; 89-92 ; A * Cummings, Nettie F.; 80-92; nn, n * Cunningham, Mary, 70-73 ; bb. Curtis Julia A. (Hardee); 80-83 ; e, 1. Daily, Kate ; 82-91; 1; died, 91. Daily, Mary ; 85-92 ; 1 * Dakin, Libbie M.; 67-73, 73; o, m; Mrs. C. W. Lane. Dake, Louisa ; 63-65 ; d. Dashley, Emma E., 87-93 ; e * Dann, Mrs. Millie E.; 73-74; 1, q, s ; Mrs. Dr. Mott, Syr. Daniels, A. J.; 59 ; u. Davis, Harriet L.; 49-56; b, c; Mrs. Thomas, Englewood. Davis, Helen M.; 61, 63; c; married, Syr, Davis, Mary E.; 75, 76 ; i, q. Davey, Emma ; 89-90 ; o. Davey, Kate ; 63. Dean, Clara A.; 58-68; b, c, o; went south after the war. Dee, Anna F.; 86-92 ; h * Delano, Mary ; 90-92 ; i * Delany Eose M.; 89-92 ; n, t * 276 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Delany, Ella v.; 87-92; 1* Delany, Mary F.; 84-92; n * Delany, Margaret F.; 88-90; n; Syr. Dennis, Carrie ; g ; married ; Syr. Dennison, George B.; 49 ; p. Dennison, Mary A.; 50. DePuy, Mrs. Julia; 66-69; b, i; Syr. Deveau, Clara A.; 66-68; 1; Mrs. Eussell; dec. Deveau, F. Adelle ; 68-73 ; b, k, o ; Mrs. Curtis, widow, Cal. Deveau, Bridget A.; 90-93 ; d * Dewey, Kate ; 62 ; o. Dickie, Ella M.; 69, 70 ; m ; Mrs. Ed. Wagoner, Syr. Dimmock, Lizzie W.; 63-66 ; b, c, 1 ; Mrs. George B. Leonard, Syr. Dolphin, Anna; 82-86 ; p, q ; Mrs. M. Mellon, Buffalo, N. Y. Dolphin, Anastasia ; 84, 85 ; q. Donaldson, Anna ; 91, 92 ; u * Dore, KateE.; 85-92; b* Douglass, Belle ; 65-92 ; d, h * Doud, Mrs.; 74 ; u. Dow, Bertha M.; 66-72 ; o. Drake. Julia ; 68; f ; married. Drake, Louisa ; Driscoll, Michael ; 77-78; f ; w. sch. Duffee, Minnie E.; 85-90; 1; Mrs. Pat- rick Johnson, Syr. Dupont, Alfonse ; 74-76 ; a. Dunbar, Debora ; 68-92 ; e, 1, m, n, * Dunham, LuellaS.; 72-73; 1, m; Pom- pey, N. Y. Dunham, Jennie A.; 75-79 ; e. i. Dunford, Honora A.; 85-92 ; e * Dunford, Lizzie W.; 83-92 ; c, b * Dunford, Minnie T.; 79-87 ; b ; Mrs. Patrick Murray, Syr. Dunn, Margaret A.; 66-78; b; Mrs. Farmer, widow, Syr. Dunn, Mary G.; 67-71; d; Mrs. Grace, widow, Syr. Dunn, Ella M.; 72-73 ; e ; Mrs. M. J. Chryst, Syr. Dunn, Kittle T.; 80-92 ; b, c * Dunn, Anna V.; 83-91; h, i, *; teach- er of drawing and music, Hor- nelsville, N. Y. Durston, A. S. ; 75 ; w. sch. Durant, Margaret A.; 60-62 ; f ; dec. Dwyre, Mary L.; 68-92; k, o, p, *; training class. Dwyre, Lizzie C. ; 73-92 ; o, * Dwyre, Wm. P.; 78, 79; w. sch. Dwyre, Kittle L.; 84-92 ; A, p, * Earll, Delia N.; 48-55 ; c ; Cal. Earll, Mary ; 53 ; c. Earll, Electa L.; 58-80; b,c; died, 1880, Baldwinsville. Eastman, Sylvia J.; 57-65 ; p, d ; Pa. Eagan, Minnie A. ; 87-92; v, * Ecker, Sarah J.; 61-65; i; dec; Fay- etteville, N. Y. Edick, P. H.; 78-81; x, * ; Rochester. Ellis, Minnie H.; 62-68; q, p *; Brook- lyn, N. Y. Elmer, Ida M.; 72-75; m; Mrs. Frank Enney, Syr. Emmons, Amanda J. ; 65-67 ; c, f , o ; Cal. Emerson, Margaret ; 70-92 ; 1, * Enders, Margaret M. ; 87-92 ; t * Enny, Ida M. ; 75 ; u. Enos, D. C; 45; u. Ettleson, Etta; 90-92; p * Ettleson, Dora; 65-87; o. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 277 Evans, Sarah E.; 50 ; e ; Mrs, James Johonuot ; N. Jer, Evans, Ellen A.; 56-63; d, h, k; Mrs. Nelligan, San Francisco. Evans, Lola M.; 61-67; h, 1. Evans, Donna; 53-55; h, k; Cal. Eustace, Margaret M.; 84-92 ; b, c * Pairchild, Gussie; 78 ; s. FaircMld, Kittle K.; 78-83; s; mar- ried, Kansas. Fairehild, Lizzie M.; 74-85; d, m, 1 ; Mrs. Will Gray, Syr. Farley, Mary; 55-56; u. Falvy, Alvaretta; 88-92; x, y * Fancher, Mary J.; 74-75, 77-93; b, f, h, * Farnham, George L.; 50-51; c; t ; Prin. Nebraska Normal school, Peru. Farnham, Mrs. George L.; 50-51,57- 58; c, d: dec. Farnham, Abby; 51; b. Farnham, Elizabeth, 69-71 ; 1 ; m; Mrs. Buxton, widow, Syr. Fayler, George W.; Fenn, Jane; 54, 55; 1. Fisher, Mary B.; 60-92; f, p, s, * Fitzgerald, Alice E.; 68-78; 84-89; c, i; Mrs. Charles Hanna, Syr. Finkelstein, Brinna; 88-92; q, s, * Fix, Cora; g; Mrs. Johnson; Syr. Flanagan, Mary W.; 86-92; t, * t Flach, Marie L.; 83-92; e, * Fleming, Miss; 53; h. Foote, Charles J.; 69-73; a; dec. Foote, Mrs. C. J.; 73; a; dec. Foote, William Y.; 89-92; a, * Ford, Mary; 75-92; b, c, * t Ford, Celia; 83-88; c, *; west. Ford, Louisa; 87-92; h; Mrs. Fred Sloan. Foster, Marion A.; 74; i; died, 83 Foster, Lizzie A.; 81-92; m, * Foster, James; 61-62; u. Fox, Libbie; 70, 71; p. Freeland, Maria; 60-68; 1; Mrs. Chas. Pratt, Dewitt. Freeman, Estella; 68-73, 77, 85; b, c; Mrs. W. Raney; dec. Fi-eeland, Sarah; 69-92; 1, m. q, * Freeland, Margaret; 73-92; e, o, i, * French, Mary; 65. Frost, Cordelia; 56, 57; f. Fuller, Libbie M.; 67; s; Syr. Fuller, Laura E.; 70-73; o, m ; Mrs. Warren, Savannah, Ga. Fuller, Dr.; 87; t. Fullmer, D. M.; 57; u. Gage, Mrs. Maud E.; 67-81; Mich. Gallavin, Mary E.; 91-92; v, * Gallivan, Mary V.; 91; v. Garfield, Nelhe F,; 87, 88; x; died, 1890. Gannon, Lizzie M.; 85-91 ; m ; Mrs, M. J. Kennedy; Syi-. Gaylord, Orra M.; 53-59; Mrs. S. Collins, Indianapolis. Gaylord, LucettaS.; 54-65; 68-82; q, s, aa; dec. Gaylord, Louisa R. ; 58-61. Gaylord, Amelia H.; 50-86;p, s, q, aa, died, Syr. Gaylord, Hester A.; 81-86. Gaylord, Elizabeth R.; 58-61; s. In- dianapolis. Geary, Laura M.; 80-92 ; g, v, w, * + 278 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Genett, Miss ; 67. George, Amelia (Chapman) ; 63-67, 77-80, 83-90; p, q, *. Gere, Louisa 0.; 63-66; f; Mrs. Virgil Price, Flushing, L. I. Gere, Mary E.; 88-92; f, o; *. Gilbert, Sarah A.; 60-61, 63-65; b, d ; Mrs. Bridgeforcl ; dec. Gilbert, James M.; 76; w. sch. Gilbert, Ida V.; 79-88; b, c; Mrs. Jas. Gilbert, Syr. Gilmore, Mrs. Amelia (Chedzoy); 66- 70, 74-78; o; died, 78. Goldstein, Marilla; 74-84; Mrs. Rab- bi Guttmann, Syr. Goldman, Ida E. ; 86, 87; a. Goodrich, Mrs. Leonora L. ; 73-93 ; h, i, * 1- Gooley, Sarah W.; 86-89; v. Gooley, Ella V.; 83-92; u, v, * Gould, Emily C; 55, 56; u. Gould, Edith M.; 73, 74; 1; married. Gould, Helen E.; 74-92; q, * Graves, Charlotte E.; 71,72; h. Graves, Addie S.; 85-92; u, t, * Green, Olivia; 53. Griffith, Olivia; 63-69; d, f, 1, m; dec. Griffith, Nellie E.; 78-81; m; Mrs. Charles Meldram, Syr. Griffin, Milton J. ; 81-86; a; * west. Griffin, George L.; 72, 73; a; dec. Groot, Mrs, Anna; 70-71; q. Grodevant, Mary A. ; 49; b. Hall, Celia A.; 51-58; a, d, h. Hall, Julia A.; 73-85; q, s; Mrs. Mer- riman, widow, Cazenovia. Hall, Catharine N.; 77-92; f, * Hale, Francis P.; 63, 64; 1; Syr. Hale, Lyda M.; 63-66; o, 1. Hamlin, Flora; 71-92; 1, m, * Hamilton, Ella S.; 69-71; h; Mrs. Hinsdale, now Mrs. A. C. Purge- son, Saratoga. Hamilton, Grace; 87-92; m, * Hampton, Gussie M.; 88-92; n, * Hancock, Emma; 67. Handright, Mary E.; 85-92; u, * Handright, Nellie. Hanley, Sarah T.; 90-92; d, x, * Hanley, Nellie A. Hardendorf, Ida A.; 75-80; l,m;dec. Ilandrahan, Nellie A.; 84-92; v, * Hapgood, Kittle E.; 67-78; s; Brook- lyn, N. Y. Harris, Mrs. JSIaria AV. ; 65-72 ; a ; Homer, N. Y. Harris, Geo. N.; 49-62; b, k, 1; died, 85 Harris, Mrs. Geo. N.; 50-59; k; widow, Syr. Harris, Ada A.; 89-92; 1, * Harmon, Mrs. Marietta; 83-92; p, q, * Harlow, Wm.; 80-82; a, * t Ilartnet, Josephine, 82-90; bb. Hardee, Juha A.; 71-75, 82; e, 1, m; Mrs. Dr. Curtis, Kirkville, N, Y. Hardee, Jennie; 68-72; e, h ; Mrs. Chas. Lillie, Pa.; dec. Harmon, Martha L.; 70-74; 1, q; Mrs. Fairchild, N. Y. city, her hus- band a teacher. Hasper, Miss ; 73 ; u ; Mrs. James Dohuey. Hatfield, Grace A.; 78-92; q, * Havens, Debora; 90. Hawley, Giles F.; 73; a; dec. Hawley, Irene C; 82-86; Mrs. Nims, Watertown, N. Y. Hawley, Mary; 74-75; p, s. ALPHABETICAL LTST OF TEACHERS 279 Hay, George W.; V5; w. sch. Hay, Ida M.; 75-79, 83-92; m, q, s, * Hay, Jennie A.; 75-83; d; Brooklyn, N. Y. Hayden, Frank A.; C4-GG; Mrs. Dan'l Walter, Utica, N. Y. Hayden, Madaline; 04-05; h, 1, mar- ried. Hayden, Anna E.; 03-05, 67, 72, 73, 75-86; d, e, i, Syr. Hayes, Mary; 72-81; b, Mrs. Kicholas Eichraond, Syr. Hayes, Ella; 71-92; d, * Haynes, James C; 76; w. sell. Hadden, Hattie C; 90-92; c, * Henley, Sarah F.; 81. 92; d, * Hennings, Kate; 06-72; b; dec. Hicks, Mary D.; 08-79; a; supervisor of Drawing, Prangs, Boston, Mass. Hickoock. Mary P.; 58-59; b; mar- ried, dec. Hickox, Laura E.; 90-92; t, * Hitcliings, Mary E.; 83-92; x, * Hill, Miss A.; 54; u. Hinman, Orren C; 70-80; p; Los An- gelos, Cal. Hoagland, Martha; 7'3; u. Hodge, Elizabetli A.; 08-92; h, 1,* Hogan, Emma; 84-92; g, * Hogan, Mary E. Hogan, Eleanor F.; 82-92; h, * Holmes, Grace E. ; 06, 07, 71-73; d, h; killed in accident at Baptist Churcli, 73. Holmes, Theo. A,; 06-78; d, e; Mrs. Sanford. Holihan, Ella M.: 78-92; u, * Holmes, Hattie N.; 75 ; e; Mrs. Will Hind, Syi'. Hollister, Kate H.; 07-71; o. Holkins, Anna E. ; 81-92 ; i, .i ; Mrs. Blant, Syr. IloUenbeck, Jessie L.; 88-92; 1, * Hood. Emma F. ; 65- 70, 75-77; o. Hooper, J. W. ; 64—; u ; *; Camillus. Hopkins, Charlotte; 53, 53; c; Mrs. Upson, widow, Syr. Hopkins, Fanny H. ; 72-75; 1; Mrs. Henry Hooker, Syr. Horner, Clara I. ; 70-80; o, n ; Hast- ings, N. Y. Hotchkins, Blanche M. ; 89-92; s, * Hotchkins, Mary T.; 68-73; f, * Hotchkins, Ella M. Hough. Mrs. O. M.; 54, 55; 1. House, Louisa; 62. Howe, Carrie E.; 73-86; o, p; Mrs. W. S. Barnum, Syr. Howe, Grace M.; 90-93; s, * Howard, Frederick; 80-88; a, *; Providence, 11. 1. Howlet, Ida; 74-75; f; Mrs. R. Stone, Marcellus, N. Y. Hoye, Anna L.; 63-73, 75-85; d, q, aa; married, Chicago. Hoye, Julia E.; 67-74; i, q; married. Hudson, Miss ; 68, 69; b. Hull, Harriet; 50; f. Hull, AnnaL.; 08, 09. Humphrey, Elizabeth; 53. Hungerford, Mary; 87-90; b. Huntington, Laura H. Hurst, Ella; 05-08; p; dec. Hunt, Virginia E.; 00; h. Hurst, Mai'garet; 57-70, 81-90; k, o, 1, m, s. Hurst, Mary; 67-92; k, 1, m, * Hurd, Bessie L.; 88-92; z, * 380 HISTOKY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Hurd, Corinna A. (Seeley); 68-71; b, k, 1; dec. Hurd, Mrs. Charlotte B. (Bliss) ; 57- 83; i; widow, Pompey. Hurd, Mrs. R. L.; 54-67; o, aa; Mrs. John Mead, widow, dec. Hurd, Ida L.; 68--80; b; Mrs. Bab- cock, widow, Syr. Hurley, Ella C; 85-92 ; k, g ; * Hurlbert, Josephine ; 58-59 ; u ; Mrs. Richardson. Husbands, Minnie. Hutchinson, Harriet L.; 59-63; Mrs. Durfee C. Chase, Syr. Hutchinson, Lodema; 55; *; Mrs. Dr. Doren, Idiot Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. Hyde, Mrs. J. M.; 54-56 ; k, p ; Mrs. Gore, Oakland, Cal. Ingersol, Carrie; 81-83; x. Isham, Maria ; 53-53 ; c, o; Mrs. Pierce, moved to Rodman and died, 1885. Isaacs, Abby; 85-92; i, j, * Jaqueth, Julia; 62-66; b; Liverpool, N. Y. Jeffries, Mary H.; 68-70; p; Mrs. Al- exander Grant, Syr. Jerome, Sarah; 68-73; w, u; Mrs. T. D. Parsons, Fairmont, N. Y. Jarvls, Nellie; 91,93;x, * Johonnot, James ; 48-55 ; c, i; Insti- tute Conductor and author, died 90. Johonnot, Kate; 70-73; i; married. Johnson, Martha A. ; 68; 1. Johnson, Florence; u, g. Jones, Orpha J. ; 59-64 ; d, f ; married. Jones, Kate B.; 74-75; e; Mrs. Ar- thur Witham, Syr. Jones, Susan E. ; 80-83; i, s; Syr. Jones, Victoria A.; 90-92; s, * Jordan, Mary L.; 58-65; h, p; mar- ried Mr. French; Syr. Joy, Ida M.; 85-92; u, v, * Judd, Clara M.; 49-53; c, f ; west. Kappasser, Jennie B.; 86-92; e, * Kapps, Anna (Whitney); 75-92; i, * Keeffer, Lizzie L. ; 89-92; e, * Keefe, Delia F.; 85-92; m, nn, * Keefe, Mary E. ; 80-92; c, * Keener, Delia C; 86-92; 1, * Kennedy, Eliza A.; 63-92; e, k, s, *; prin. Kennedy, Margaret; 67-75 ; p ; Mrs. P. J. Sullivan, Brooklyn. Kennedy, Ellen; 78-78; o; married. Kennedy, Emiline M. ; 79-89; p; Mrs. Patrick Sullivan, Flatbush, N. Y. Kellogg, M. Ella; 68-71; h, k; Mrs. Geo. D. Whedon, Syr. Kellogg, Mary; 64-66; p, q ; Mrs. Capt. Seeley, Syr. Kelley, Margaret A.; 74-92, b, * Kelley, Libbie; 85-93; e, * Kelley, Anna B.; 91, 93; e, * Kenyon, Mrs. Sarah L. (Roney); 76- 92; p, * Kenyon, Oscar C; 88-93; a, h, * Kenaston, Mrs. Effle G.; 74-89; q, s; Michigan. Kinne, Ansel E.; 55-64, 68-90; h, p, a, s; died, 90. Kinne, Mrs. A. E.; 56-59, 73-80, h, s; died, 86. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 281 Kinne, S. Nettie; 68-73; p; Mrs. Wil- liam H. Peck, Dewitt, N. Y. Kinne, Kate E.; 82-92; i, s, * Kins, Clara; 90; x. King, Eva A.; 90-92; i, s, * King, Cordelia A.; 74-92; o, q, s, *. King, Ophelia A.; 60-71; p; married. Kingsley, Miss H.; 48, 51-53; s, p; Mrs. Dwiglit Hayden, died, 90. Kingsley, Clara A.; 59-61; p; Mrs. Brockway, New York, Kingsley, Josephine; 67, 68; h. Kingsley, BmmaH.; 81-92; a, * Knapp, Cynthia E.; 67-82; e, *; Mrs. Geo. Green, Portland, Ore. Knapp, Frances A.; 70, 71; b; Fay- etteville, N. Y. Knapp, Jennie E.; 72-75; 1, q; Mrs. Charles Blanchard, Fayetteville. Knapp, Anna M. ; 64-86; e, f , *; Port- land, Ore. Knapp, Alice C. ; 74-84; A,p ; Mrs. Jes- sie Walrath, Portland, Ore. Kneeland, Stella; 78-84; a; Mrs. Fred Eddy, Syr. Knight, Mary E.: 74. Knowels, Mi*s. H. M. ; 72, 73; p. L^Uy, Mary A.; 76-86; d; Mrs. Frank Hopkins, Syr. Lancaster, Annie ; 83 ; i; married ; dec. Lane, Mrs. Libbie M. (Dakin); 72, 73; m. Lang, Emma G.; 86-87; h; Mrs. J. F. Cooney, Syi-. Larabee, Prances ; 49-50 ; s. Larned, Ophelia; 51, 52; 1. Lasselle, Georgiana; 67; q; dec. Lathrop, Edith W.; 91, 93; o, * Lavington, Alice E. ; 85-92; d ; * Law, Nettie S. ; 70-77; 1; Mrs. Abel, Syr. Lawrence, J. W.; 55; w. sch. Lawrence, Edith M.; 91, 93; e, * Laass, Mr. Leary, Mary; 90-92; o, * Leonard, Henriettas. : 62-63; h; Mrs. Theron Smith; died, 83-84. Leonard, Fanny L.; 63-74 ; h ; Mrs. James H. Baldwin; Cayuga. Leonard, Charlotte A.; 70-75; Mrs. Wm. M. Holoway, Oakland, Cal. Levi, Etta; 88-92; p, * Levy, Juha; 86-92; o, * Levy, Clara; 88-92; s, * Lewis, Mary: 71-73; bb. Lewis, George A.; 88-92; a, * + Lewis, Delia A. ; 76; q. Lewis, Mrs. Anna E. ; 54-55; u. Leyden, Hester A. ; 64-92; h, o, 1, * Leyden, Eliza J.; 56-75; a, s, o, *; High school, Newark, N. J. Leyden, Barbara M. ; 69-86 ; a, 1, m, Mrs. Turner, Syr. Leyden, Lulu F.; 74-90; x; Syr. Lincoln, Samantha; 64-92; 1, o, * t; Prin. Lincoln, Mamie; 91, 92; k, g, * Loomis, Frank A.; 55-56; d; dec. Loomis, Yetta R.; 75-78; 1, m, s; Mrs. Harris, Syr. Loomis, Hattie; 66, 67; o, q. Loomis, Miss M. A. C. ; 53, 54; u. Loomis, Henrietta; 54, 55. Losacker, Mary; 72-92; e, 1, * Losey, Daniel; 54-59; c, several years in w. sch., t 282 HISTOEY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Lounsbury; R. Angie ; 61-75, 78-81 ; c, p, k, x; Willowdale, N. Y. Lounsbury, Carrie E. ; 58-73; f ; Mrs. L. A. Penwell, Cal; Lounsbury, Mary; 65-92; f, * +; prin. Lowe, Bessie ; 74-90 ; A; Mrs. Ros- enthal, San Francisco. Luther, Emma A.; 54-58, 68-71, 7£- 83; c, d, f, h, i, 1; W. Virginia. Lusk, Celia E.; 56-59; c,l; Mrs. T. L. R. Morgan, Syr. Lyman, Frederick A. ; 88-93 ; * ; music, Syr. Lynch, Aggie L. ; 70-71; c; dec. Lynch, Bridget A.; 91-93; b, * Lyons, Theresa P.; 77-83; m; Mrs. Tobin, Syr. Mack, Anna L.; 88-93; t, * Mackay, Anna L.; 91, 93: o, * Mackay, Libbie. McAllister, Lilian; 81-89; y; married McCombs, Clara A. ; 48, 50; c. McCann, M. Agnes; 75-93; c, * McCarthy, Margaret ; 68-74; d ; Syi-. McCarthy, Anna; 71-78; b; Mrs. Jno. Town, Utioa, N. Y. McCarthy, Percy; 73-76 ; b ; Mrs. Dissell; widow; Syr. McDonald, Josephine (McKevette) ; 77-93; A, * McDonald, Mary ; 86-90 ; n ; Mrs. Kerwin, Syr. McDonald, Julia E. ; 77. McGonegal, Mr.; 49; k. McGowan, Mary E.; 89-93; u, * McKaig, Libbie; v. McKeon, Agnes A.; 71-93; d, f, * McKeon, Julia E. ; 69-78 ; d, f ; Mrs. Chas. McDonough, Syr. MoKevite, Kate; 70-78; dec, 78. McKe^-ite, Mary A.; 68-92; o, * McChesney, Georgiana ; 89-90 ; q ; Mrs. Eastwood, Syr. McMahon, Anna; 89-92; n, * Mallyn, Mary ; 74-93 ; bb, * Manahan, Sarah J.; 65-80; b, d, f r dec. Manning, Kate ; 77, 78; bb. Manchester, Frankie ; 81-90 ; s; mar- ried. Mara, Anna D.; 90-92 ; s, * Markham, Lilian; 81-89; x, y. Martin, Delia A.; 83-93 ; s, * Marlette, Jennie; 61-Tl; h, a, o; Mrs, Taft, Bennington, Vt. Martin, Josie A.; 78-93 ; A, q, * Marsh, Kate M ; 57-63, 6.5-72 ; k ; Mrs. Kenyon, Syr. Martin, Hattle M.; 82-89: s; Mrs. James Cromwell, New York. Marshall, Mrs. Belle (Carter) ; 71-73; b, p, q; Chicago. Mathewson, Ella; 71. May, Charlotte ; 51-53. MoKelvey, Miss ; 71. Meacham, Cleantha; i, 1; Meridi- an, N. Y. Mead, Frank L.; 93; s, * Mead, Anna ; 54. Mead, Avis ; 63-64 ; d ; Mrs. Matthew Van Waganen. Merrick, Chloe E.; 54-56, 60-62, h, 1 ; Mrs. Gov. Reed, Florida. Merrick, Kate I.; 82-86; s; New York. Merrick, Emma M.; 73-92; p,* ALPHABETICAL LIST OP TEACHEES 283 Merrick, Libbie F. ; 72-76; p; Mrs. Jacoby, Syr. Metzger, Lizzie; 88-92; s, * Merriam, Anna C. ; 59-60; p. Miller, Georgiette; 53. Miller, G. M.; 50-52; w. sch. Miller, May; 82-86! 1, m; Mrs. David Taggart, Syi-. Miller, Geo. A. ; 55, [57, 76-81 ; w. sch. Miller, Mrs. Geo. A.; 55-57, 71-81; h, 1, m; dec. Minton, Nellie; 70, 71; bb. Mills, Carrie B.; 87-92; n,* Montague, Louise ; 60-66 ; b, d ; Mrs. Robinson, Syr. Moriai'ity, Anna C; 79-92; b, c. * Morehouse, Maria; 70, 72-92; d, f; * Morehouse, Mrs. Wallace; 64; 1 ; dec. Morgan, Elizabeth F.; 50-54; h, 1. Morgan, Mary.; 62-63. Moore, Margaret ; 53, 59-69, 7'4-92 ; h, i, P, * Moore, Ellen ; 72-92 ; h, i. * Morrissey, Agues B.; 83-92; s, m, * Morris, Carrie L.; 54-63 ; p,q, s ; Mrs. Penning, California. Morris, Laura ; 57-62 ; o. Morris, Mary F.; 83-92 ; p, q. * Monroe, WeedH. ; 75-78; w. sch. Morse, Amelia A. ; 90-92; u, * Moulton, Sophia M. ; 68-69. Morse, May; 83-85; x. Moulton, Ann; 68; h; died 70. Moss, Carrie; 83-85; q. Moss, Louise P. ; 55-60 ; p, q. Monroe, Julia A. ; 91, 92; y, * Mulhern, Mary; 87-92; b, * Munger, Mary C. ; 60; p. Munger, Emma H. ; 72-76; s; Brook- lyn, N. Y. Munger, Mrs. Clarissa; 74-85; p; Mrs. Barker, Buffalo, N. Y. Murphy, Kittie; 67-69. Murphy, Mary S.; 69-92; 1, m, * Murray, Mary; 72-86; d; Mrs. O'Don- ovan, Syr. Murray, Sarah I. ; 82-92; d, * Murray, Mary; 80-82; bb. Murray, Julia R. ; 86-92; d, * Murray. Katherine; 85-92; f, g, * Murray, Ella A.; 85-92: g, * Nearing, Miss ; 58; w. Newman, W. W.; 47, 48; p, u, t; So. Onondaga, N. Y. Newman, Mrs. W. "W.; 48; p, t; So. Onondaga, N. Y. Newman, Rachel ; Mrs. Peck, Caze- novia, N. Y. Nichols, Catharine A. ; 70 .• m ; dec. Nicholson, Mary E. ; 70-85; c, o;Mrs. Wheeler, widow, Syr. Nicholson, Anna J. ; 77-86; c, s; Mrs. Charles Skiff ; Salina. Noble, Fanny. Noxon, Margaret; 59; p; Milwau- kee, Wis. Noxon, M. Elizabeth ; 70-71 ; h. Noxon, Fanny I.; 72-86; h; Mrs. Chai-les Hudson, Syr. Northrup, Addie ; 71, 72: w. Northrup, Mary C; 86-92 ; x, * Ogle, Anna; 65-67 ; d; Mrs. M. V. B. Hart. Olcutt, Mrs. Mary A. (Morwick); 60- 67; k, q; Syr. Olds, Emma J.; 69-71; c, o; Erie, Pa. 284' HISTOKY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYEACUSE O'Brien, Mary; 89-92; p, * O'Dwyre, Mary T.; 78-92; m, n, * O'Donnell, Mary G.; 91-92; f, g, * O'Keefe, Mary; 70-76; bb. Otis, Josephine; 62-65; d, 1, q, s; Mrs. HeniTKowling, Syr. Overacker, Minnie E.; 85-92; a, * Owen, Nanoy ; 57-62 ; d, e ; mar- ried. Owen, Mai'garet; 62; c. Packard, Mrs. Jennie; 71-76; m, s; Denver, Colo. Packard, Nellie F.; 77-81; c, s; Mrs. Woodliull, Syi-. Pain, Susan A.; 77-81; o; Mrs. Rob- ert S. Thompson, Montreal. Palmer, Helen A.; 48-49; f. Parish, Mrs. MariaXBurk) ; 57-92; d, 1, p, q, aa, * Parker, Mrs. Libbie (Van Wagoner); 64-73, 83-87; b, p, 1, s; now Mrs. Abbott, Syr. Pattison, M. Louise; 68-78, 90-92; a, P, q, * Perkins, Ella M.; 69, 70; m; dec. Perry, Mrs. M. J. (Hopkins); 57-82; a, b, p; died, 83. Perry, Mary A. ; 68-70; c. Pitkin, Carrie I.; 83-86; a; Mrs. McDowell, Elmira, N. Y. Pierce, Kate J.; 63; d; Brooklyn, N. Y. Pierce, Mrs. Maria L. (Isham); 52, 53, 67-75; c, o; died, 85, Watertown, N. Y. Pierson, Miss; 71. Pharis, Alice E.; 88-92; u, * Pharis, Mary; 55; u. Phelps, Abbey L.; 56-57 ; p, m, d; Mrs. Titus Moran, widow, died, 72. Phelps, Julia E.; 71-75; 78,79; b, x; married. Phelps, Mrs.; 75, 76; u; Homer, N.Y. Phillips, Laura M.; 70-74; c, o; Mrs. Barber, Syr. Phillips, Rachel C; 75, 76; 1; Canada. Phillips, Sarah R.; 64-77; 1, m; Mrs. Homer Butts, Elbridge. Plaisted, Flora. Plumb, Helen A.; 72-74; s; Mrs. G. L. Bonta, dec. Poole, Katie B.; 57-64, 66-86, 91-92; h, 1, nn, *; Mrs. Baldwin, widow Pomeroy, Harriet; 49; 1. Porter, Jane; 53-55; d, h; Mi's. Geo. Robinson, Milwaukee. Porter, Dr. W. W.; 52-53; u; dec. Post, Helen M.; 78-90; e. Post, Clara H.; 89-92; p, * Powers, Ida L.; 73, 78-86; b, c; Mrs. Frank Waite, Syr. Powers, Nora; 87-92; j, * Pratt, S. Maria; 59-92; c, d, h, * Pratt, Anna S.; 59-61; d, p. Pratt, Orpha J.; 65-67; aa; Kansas; Prescott, Miss K. E.; 44; u. Prendergast, Mary F.; 78-92; o, p, * Prudhon, Lydia; 87-89; .i. Pruyn, Rosetta; 51; u; Mrs. Glass, Chattanooga. Quigley, Juha E.; 77-92; 1, m,* Rae, MayL.; 82-92; h, * Randall, Nellie L.; 83-86; s; Mrs. Lighten, Syr. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS •285 Rautenburgh, Emma; 82-89; e; Mrs. Autman, Des Moines, Iowa. Raymond, R. R. ; 55-56 ; a ; New York. Raymond, W. W.; 64-65; h. Rector, Nellie A.; 81-86; m; Syr. Redy, Josephine L.; 90-92; t, * Redhead, Charlotte ; 68-76 ; f ; Mrs. Richards, Syi-. Reed, Mi's. Carrie I. ; 77-80 ; p. Reese, Emma C; 56-57 ; p. Reigel, Eliza M.; 60-71; d, s; Mrs. Dugger, Missouri. Reigel, Emma L. ; 69-72. Reis, Lydia; 90-93; a, * Rellis, Nellie; 87-93; j, * Reynolds, Mrs. Mary C; 72-79; q, s; W. Superior. Reynolds, Bertha M.; 70 ; q ; Chica- go, 111. Reynolds, G. D.; 49; 1. Reynolds, Mrs. G. D.; 41-51. Reynolds, Helen; 91-92; bb. Rhoades, Mary P. ; 75-78; Brockport Normal school. Rhoades, Clara; 74-90; 1; Mrs. Oscar Austin, Syr. Rice, Helen P.; 57; f. Richardson, Miss A. E. ; 63-67 ; h, p ; Mrs. Tattle (Rev.), Canastota, N. Y. Richardson, Mrs. Josephine S.; 58- 61 ; p. Richford, Honora; 89-92; b; * Richardson, W. Lock (Prof.); 72. Rill, Blossom E.;'91, 92; t, * Roach, Miss O. C; 63, 64; f. Robacher, Mrs. Zillah R. (Clark); 68- 69; d. Robbins, M. Anna ; 79-86; 1, m, h ; Mrs. Willis Malone, Los Angeles, Cal. Robei'ts, Laura A. ; 44-49 ; u. Robinson, Chaiiotte; 54, 55; 1. Robinson, Miss; 67; w. Robinson, Harriet L.; 59-66; d. Roberts, Louisa W.; 81-92; x, y, * Roblin. Ida A.; 74-75; 1; Mrs. Har- dendorf, dec. Rogers, Margaret; 90-92; f, * Rogers, Ella P.; 78-89; h, c; Syr. Rogers, Lizzie M.; 74-92; f ; * Rollins, Geo. W.; 77-81; a, *; Bos- ton. Mass. Rood, Cora; 62-64; c, Rose, Miss C. R.; 53-55. Rose, Louisa A.; 62-64; aa; Manlius. Rose, Anna C; 53-55 ; c. Rosenthal, Belle; 85-92 ; i, * Rounds, Fanny; 63-64; d; Mrs. Whitaker, died, Brooklyn, Roundy, Charles 0.; 52-70; a, h, f ; died, 92, Skaneateles. Roundy, Mrs. C. 0.; 59-63; h; Skan- eateles, N. Y. Russel, Charles F.; 77; w. sch. Russel, Mrs. Clara A.; 68, 69 ; 1, m. Ryan, Nellie ; 87-93 ; w, u, * Ryan, Esther P. ; 82-92; u, * Ryan, Margaret T.; 83-92; v, * Ryan, Mary A.; 90-92; t, * Ryan, Mrs. Louisa A. (Gebhart); 83- 92; n, * Ryan, Nellie J.; 90-93; p, * Ryan, Kate A.; 91, 92 ; y, * Ryan, Emma; 91-92; y, * Ryan, Joanna C. ; 67-, w. Ryan, Josephine ; t. 286 HISTOEY OF THE SCHOOLS OF STEACUSE Salisbury, A. G.; 49-53, 58-63, 71 ; a, p ; paymaster in the army: ward- en Auburn prison; died, 1874. Salisbury, Mrs. A. G.; 49-53; 58-62 ; Syi-. Salisbury, Addie M.; 86-89; w. Salisbury, Emma L.; 58, 59; m. Sales, Mrs. A. G.; 59. Sampson, Luvan ; 64-73 ; q, s: Spen- cer, Mass. Sanford, Mrs. Carrie B.; 63-78 ; d, h, i; died, 79. Sanderson, Sarah M. ; 79-80 ; Mrs. Warner, Syr. Sawyer, Carrie E.; 88-92; a. * Sawyer, George F.; 73; a. Sawyer, Mrs. Mary E.; 73; i. Saxe, Louise ; 83-89; i ; Mrs. Bloom- ingdale, Syr. Savage, Joanna; 82-92; i, e * Scanlon, Ella; 77 ; w ; died before close of the year. Schott, Bertha ; 89-92 ; h, * Scott, William H.; 87-92; u, * t Scott, Ella; 81-92; x, y, * Schoener, Cora; 86-92; q, * Scram, Mr.; 46; p. Seager, Adelaide; 69-73; q. Secor, Mabel; 82-92; u, * Servis, Delia A. ; 75-76 ; q : mar- ried. Shannon, Margaret F.; 81-86; e ; Mrs. J. Mahar, Syr. Shaw, Flora; 89-91; p; died, 91. Shaw, AnnaE.; 65; o, p; married. Shaw, Huldah A.; 84-92; q, s, * Shattuck, M. A.; 54-.56; d. Shattuck, C. S.; 54-55; d. Sheldon, Jennie; 88-92; x, * Sherman, Sylvia E. ; GO 66 ; h, i ; Mrs. Ball, Cicero. Sherwood, Florence; 87 ; d ; Mrs. Charles Folsom, Boston, Mass. Shevelson, Carrie I. ; 81-88 ; a ; mar- ried. Shevelson, Rachel; 89-92 a, * Shew. Marilda; 53; f. Shoudy, Miss; 69 ; w, * ; Mrs. Trow- bridge, East Syracuse. Shove, Harriet, 51-52; f. Shular, Mary J.; 60-65 ; b, c, d; Mrs. Porter Searles, Marcellus. Shular, Eliza M.; 65-70; b ; married. Slade, Ellen M.; 58; u. Sibson, Pearl; 85-89 ; m ; Mrs. W. E. Wood. Syr. Sisson, EllaG.; 87-96; v. Sisson, Alice M.; 73-88; u; Mrs. Jacob- son, Camden, N. Y. Silberman, Mary ; 69-76 ; p ; Mrs. Sugarman, in the west. Silliman, Willard S.; 57, u. Sitterly, Alice M.; 74-82; n; died, 82. Siefker. Tilly; 81-92; e; Mrs. Dr. Wm. May, Syr. Siefker, Lutie M. ; 85-89; e ; Mrs. Charles Behm, Syr. Siefker, Emma D.; 78-86; e; Mrs. Frank Allewelt, Syr. Simons, Lucy A.; 52-56; p; Mrs. Wil- liams, Syr. Simmons, Anna E.; 59-65; h. Skiff, Clara I.; 89-92; e, * Slattery. Frankie E.; 83-92 ; aa, m, * Slade, Ellen M.; 58-63; q, * Sloan, Nellie V.; 84-87; u, 1, aa, *; Mrs. F. Wilbur Barker. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEA GHEES 28? Sloan, Harriet; 50; Mrs. Hutchinson died; 53. Slocum, Sarah E.; 54-63; p, 1; sister of Gen. Slocum, dec. Slocum, Kate O.; 66-71; 1; Mrs. But- ler, Oswego, N. Y. Slocum, Meroie; 54-63; i, p; Mrs. Boon, Oakland, Cal. Smith, Edward; 48-65, 89-93; b, c, d, h, *, t. Smith, Mrs. E.; 50; b; dec. Smith, Minnie ; 60, 61, 83-84; x. Smith, Eva L.; 68-71; b; Mrs. Eugene B. Squire, died 76. Smith, Mary A.; 83-93; f, * Smith, Carrie S.; 70-73; i; Mrs. Wil- liam Reid, Syr. Smith, Mrs. M. W. (Terheun) 61-66; b,p. Smith, Martha E.; 78-81; s; Mrs. Thomas Dalton, Syr. Smith, Louise; 78-89; o,m; Cor. Univ. Smith, Kate; 86-89; s, aa; Syr. Smith, Augusta; 91-93; s, * Snelle, Louise ; 89-93; r, * Snyder, Margaret ; 83-84; o. Soldan, Eev. Charles; 69-71; a; dec. Soloman, Rachel ; 91-93; x, * Sprole, Libbie C; 81-88; o; Mrs. Earnest Smith; dec. Sprole, Mary; 78-93; d, * Sprole, Fannys.; 88-93; e, * Stafford, Mrs. Margaret; 59-70; o, q., Dakota. Stafford, Sarah P.; 68-69; q.; Mrs. James Weismore. Stacy, John; 53; c; died 83. Stacy, Margaret; 73-79; c; Mrs. Chap- man, dec. Stanley, Mary; 89-90; e, * Stanton, Mary H.; 74-93; i, * Stanton, Margaret B.; 57-61; d, h, i, now Dr. Stanton, Syr. Stanton, Nehemiah; 45-48; f , u; New York City. Stanton, Mrs. N. P.; 46-48; f; New York City. Stanton, Cordelia; 46; u, Stanton, Ella C; 7.5-84; h, i; Mrs. Henry Phillips, Syr. Stearns, AlleinM.; 69; h. Steigor, Bertha; 90-93; i, * Stetson, R. R.; 49-51; h; died, 51. Stetson, Mrs. Ellen R. R.; 49-51, 57; f, h, * Steele, James; 73-75; w. sch. Stevens, S. Elizabeth; 56-60; p. Stevens, Frances M.; 63-64; p; dec. Stevens, Elizabeth J.; .56, 57; Mrs. Jed Barber. Stevens, Mary F.; 63, 68-70; h, p; Mrs. Hasbrook, Syi-. Stevens, Florence M.; 64-66; b, o; Mrs. Young, Green Point. Stevens, Carrie I.; 75, 81-90; i; mar- ried, Cincinnati. Stevens, Mary E. ; 73-74; i. Stewart, Bessie; 64. Stilwell,Anna M ; 58-63; p; married. Stilwell, Giles H.; 87; u. Stone, Mary; 69, 70; p. Stone, Harriet D.; 68-69; p; Mrs. Watkins, Syr. Strause, Simon; 61-64; d, o; teacher of German Strause, Sophia; 73-74; f ; Rochester, N. Y. Strong, Harriet F.; 89-93; 1, * 288 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Street, Anna A.; 69-70; c, d. Sullivan, Minnie C; 87-92; g. Sullivan, Lizzie; 81-86; e; dec. Sullivan, Mary L.; 78-81; f.; dec. Sullivan, Mary A.; 78-86; d; Mrs.Dr. Fry, SjT. Summerbill, L. S.; 72-73; p. Sutton, Sadie; 91, 92; y, * Swan, Ellen 0.; 58-64. Swain, Clementena; 61-63; k. Swanger, Maria M. ; 68-70; a. Sweeney, Ellen M. ; 77-79; bb. Sykes, Mary E.; 69-86 ; h, k, 1, s ; Syr. Talbott, Elias; 59 ; u. Tallman, Kate E.; 60, 61; p; Mrs. Baker, Syr. Taylor, G. N.; 49; b. Taylor, Joseph W.; 73-76; 1; in busi- ness, Syr. Taylor, Mrs. J. W.; 74-75; a. Terry, Prank; 51, 53; s. Terry, Ida B.; 66-73; e, o. Terry, Grace E.; 70-74 ; 1 ; Mrs. Avery, Faimount, Syr. Terry, Libbie ; 66-81 ; d, p ; Mrs. Gase, Mich. Terwilliger, Sarah; 6.5-92; 1, n, *; Pr. Thomas, Mary Jane; 52; h. Thomas, Mrs. L. E.; 69-92; x, y, *, t; ' Prin. Thompson, Mrs. Sarah M. ; 72-92 ; g, k, u, w, * Thompson, EllaB.; 84-89; x, * Thompson, H. A.; 81; x. Thurber, Samuel ; 72-78 ; a ; Girls' High school; Boston. Thurston, Millie M.; 85-89; u. Tiffany, Ellen; 60. 61; c; Mrs. Brock- way. Titus, Oscar W. ; 42 ; u. Titus, Ellen ; .59; u. Tomlinson, Nettie A.; 84-92; t. Town, Agnes M.; 81-92; u, * Town, Alice S.; 78-92; s, * Town, Margaret A.; 65-77; f, k, 1; Mrs. Hart, Chicago. Townsend, Maria M. ; 65-74; i. Traugot, Minnie; 89-92; e, * Tripp, Mary; 54; u. Tubbert, Agnes; 81-92; b, * Tucker, Hattie M.; 70, 75, 76 ; o, w; Mrs. Coykendall, Syr. Tufts, Sarah E.; 66, 67; aa. Truair, Mary; 66; p, q; Mrs. Dudley, Syr. Turner, Aurora H.; 50, 53-68; b, c, q; Mrs. Todd, San Diego, Cal. Turner, Ellen C; 52-56-63,65-76; b, c, 1; teacher of drawing. Port- land, Oregon. Usenbents, Agnes; 75-79; b; Mrs. Wilson R. Hare, Syr. Usenbentz, Belle; 79-92; b, * Underwood, Sarah J.; (4-76, 79-80; 1, m, s; Syr. Van Antwerp, Mary A. (Roney); 70- 92 ; m, *; Prin. Van Brooklyn, William; 49-.50; p; far- mer, Pompey, N. Y. Vandenburg, Jane ; 48-56 ; h. Vandenburg, Sarah; 55-58; h, p; mar- ried and moved west. VanFrankan, Miss; 78; w; Jlrs. Fi-ed Thompson, Auburn, N. Y. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 289 Van Hoesen, Fanny L.; 82-86; 1, m; Mrs. Geo. Titsworth, Plainfield, N.Y. Van Hoesen, Frances L.; 82-86 ; m, q; Mrs. Arthur Titsworth, Plam- field, N. Y. Van Keuren, Mary ; 85-90; x; mar- ried. Van Tassel, Alice; 64-69; b, d; mar- ried; resides in Denver. Van Tassel, Eliza; 57-67; b, d; dec. Van Waganen, Rhoda ; 66, 68-72; f, h; Mrs. Starin, Syr. Van Waganen, Miss; 69-70. Van Wagner, Ellen; 55, 56; h. Vischer, MaryA.; 65-69; q; manied. Vrooman, Miss N. M. ; 44; u. Wadsworth, Julia S.; 68-71; a. Wagner, Ella; 55, 56; i. Wall, Mary E. ; 80-92; u, * Wall, Anna A.; 81; g; Mrs. Charles Burke, Brooklyn. N. Y. Wall, M. Emma; 74-92; u, * Wands, Emily E.; 68, 70-75; c ; Mrs. Gregory; dec. Walrod, Virginia E.; 58-59; h. Walsh, Anna L. ; 80-92 ; h, i, * Walsh, Ellen; 76-77; bb. Warne, Adalaide A.; 76-86; e, i: Syr. Warner, Adeline; 54-56; d, h. Warner, Dora; 66-69; c; Mrs. George Le Roy, Bradford, Pa. Waters, Alice E.; 65-73; k, 1, m; mar- ried; Pennsylvania. Watson, Bruce M.; 86-92; a, 1, * prin. Weaver, Jennie; 58, a. Weaver, Martlia; 52-54; h. Weigel, Libbie; 78-92; d, * Weiskotten, Amelia; 76-92; a, e, 1, t Weiskotten. Louisa M.; 79-92; d, e,* Weiskotten, F. W. (Rev.); 62-63; d; Philadelphia. Pa. Welch, Emma A.; 75-90; o, p, 1 ; died in 90 in her work. Weld, Sarahs.; 58, .59; p. Wells, Charles R.; 79-92 ; * t; writing; Syr. Wells, MaryE.; 69,70; o. Wells, Laura A.; 64, 65; d; Mrs. Chapman; dec. Wesoott, Carrie E.; 69-72; s. Wescott, Julia E. ; 65-69, 72-74 ; s ; Mrs. Cleveland. Wescott, MaryA.; 65-68; 1. Wescott, Minnie E.; 82-92; A, x, * Whalen, Abbey; 83-92; s, * Wheaton, Myron ; 51-58; s; member of assembly, Northfield, Minn. Whelock, Anna A. ; 57-65 ; 67-71 ; b, p, 1 ; Mrs. Henry A. Maynard, Onondaga Valley. Wheeler, E. M.; 66-71; b ; killed by an accident, 92. Wheeler, Nettie; 68-70; f, h; dec. Wheelock, Elijah 0.; 42; u. White, R. Bruce; 69, 75-76, 77-88, 90- 92 ; b, p, 1, s; f; in business, Syr. White, Charles E.; 87-92; e, * +; Pr. White, Henrietta B. : 40-45, 46-53, 73- 74 ; d, f, u ; Mrs. Hewes, 50 ; Hoopstown,Ill. White, Louisa; 51-53; d; married, west. White, Sarah L. ; 52-54; h, p. White, Jennie E.; 78-92; t, w, * t White, Mrs. Jennie; 69-71, 85 ; x ; Mrs. Dowd. 390 HISTORY or THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Whitford, Mary A.; 87-92; a, * Whitman, Anna ; 79-81 ; married ; Syr. Whitmore, Mrs. Helen L. (Adams) ; 63-70 ; aa, b, o, p, s. Wiokes, William K.; 88-92; a, * t ; prin. Wigent, Caroline M.; 68-71; p. Wilbur, Miss; 56; u. Wig-htman, Sophia C; 58-84; 1, m: died 85. Wightman, Josie; 80, 81; x. Williams, E. E.; 48, 49; p; Mrs.W. W. Newman, S. Onondaga. Williams, Miss B.; 48-49; p; Mrs. Blanchard, Buffalo, N. Y. Williams, Sarah J. ; 49-67; p. Williams, Lucy A.; 58-59; d, Williams, Emeline A.; 68, 69; p. Williams, Eva L.; 72, 73; 1; Mrs. John Barron. Williams, Viola A.; 68; aa. WiUiams, Ellen; 73-81; a. Williams, Kittle; 86-92; d, * Wilson, John D.; 80-92; p, *; prin. Wilson, Celestia; 52-; u. Wilson, DeEtte D. (Spear); 65-89; h, k, p; Mrs. Scott, Syr. Wilson, Galen; 51; b. Winchell, James M.; 48, 50; s, u; dec. Wilkinson, Sarah T.; 49-54; p ; dec, 92, Skaneateles, N. Y. Willey, Josephine L. ; 73-92; t, u, v, * Willey, Sarah E.; 75-85; u. Wood, M. Adele ; 56-79 ; h, o, p, q; Mrs. Rev. G. W. Miller. Wood, Issie ; 73-76 ; f ; Mrs. G. A. Winnegar: Brooklyn, N. Y. Wood, Josie; 75-76. Wood, Alice M.; 77-84 ; h ; Mrs. Ho- ratio Baumgras; Syr. Woods, Agnes; 91, 92; b, * Woodcock, Margaret; 88, 89; g; Mrs. Godkin, Syr. Wolz, Mary E.; 83-92; 1, t, * Wright, Ada A. ; 81-92; a, * Wriglit, E. Louise; 74-78-92; c. * Wright, Sarah; 54; a. Wright, J. 0.; 54, 55; u. Wright, Sarah E.; 78 a. Wygent, Caroline M. ; 68; p. Wyard, Hiram; 49; 1; dee. Wynkoop, Anna E.; 82-93; p, * Young, Sophie E. ; 64-76, 81-83. 87-92; f, h, i, * Yehling, Caroline; 64-71 ; d; Mrs. Philip Goettle, Syr. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ALBERT GLEASON SALISBURY was bom in August, 1813, at Seneca Castle, Ontario county, N. Y. He was educated at Whitesboro and Pompey academies. His first teaching probably was at a small district school in the town of Fabins. After- wards, probably 1838-9, he opened a select school in the session room of the First Presbyterian church, then located on ground now occupied by McCarthy's dry goods store. For two weeks he remained in the faith- ful discharge of duties with only one pupil. After that discouraging beginning his prospects brightened and other pupils filled the room. He also taught in Lodi in a small building on East Genesee street, on the ground where the late Wadsworth Clark's house now stands. While he was engaged as teacher in this vicinity, a new building, containing one room, was being erected on the ground where the old Putnam building now stands. There were two entrances with a small ante- room between. This was considered an ornament to the small village. Mr. Salisbury whose reputation had been made by his successes in the preceding schools, was solic- ited to become the principal and with two assistants, (291) 292 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Miss Mary Bradley and Miss Sarah Tallman, who after- ward became Mrs. Salisbury, he opened the school in the autumn of 1840. Miss Tallman was obliged to hear classes in the little ante-room before mentioned. Mr. Salisbury and Miss Tallman were married in October, 1842, and both continued teaching. Mr, Salisbury remained in this school till about 1842 or '4:3 when a successful effort was made for the enlarge- ment of Ko. 7. While this was in progress he taught a select school over where Grant & Dunnes hardware store is now located, and afterward in the session room of the Old Congregational church. When the enlarged No. 7 was finished, Mr. Salisbury again became its principal where he remained until the three villages, Salina, Syracuse and Lodi, were chartered as the City of Syracuse. At the organization of the Board of Education, Mr. Salisbui'y was elected the first clerk and secured for the new school system a good beginning. This work did not seem congenial to him and he resigned his position in February, 1850, to resume the principalship of No. 7. In June, 1850, He was re-elected clerk and continued in that position till May, 1851, when he again resigned and was again appointed principal of No. 7. He re- mained in this j)osition till 1854, when he left and opened a private school in the Myers Block which was furnished with the best appliances known at that time, and his school became very popular. He continued in BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES 293 this enterprise till September, 1857, when he became principal of ISTo. 7 and remained till he was appointed paymaster in the army, 1864. He continued in that office till 1867. He was soon after appointed warden of the Anburn prison, where he remained something over a year. At the resignation of Mr. Eoundy from the principalship of the Syracuse High school in the spring of 1871, Mr. Salisbury, at the earnest solicitation of the Board of Education, consented to fill the position till the close of that school year, which he did to the entire satisfaction of all interested. This ended his work as an educator. He died in 1874. E. A. SHELDON, A.M., Ph.D. was born at Perry Centre, IST. Y., in 1823, and received his early education from home training on the farm and among the scenes of country and farm life, attending the common schools of that day. At the age of seven- teen he attended a private school where the first impulse for real and progressive advancement was received. He entered Hamilton College at twenty-one years of age but was obliged to leave at the close of the junior year because of failing health. He went to Oswego and started in business which was not successful, but while thus engaged, the condition of the poor and ignorant caused him, with others, to form an Association, for providing a home for orphans and a free school for 294 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE the children of the poor. Mr. Sheldon was induced to become its teacher in the winter of 1848-49. This was the beginning of the free graded schools and of the Oswego Orphan Asylum of Oswego. In 1849, he married Miss Frances A. B. Stiles who has been his constant supporter through all his life work. In 1850 a private school was started by him in the old United States Hotel and while engaged in this he applied for the position of superintendent of public schools of Syracuse. During the two years he remained in this work he was instrumental in consolidating the district school libraries into the present Central Library; published the first annual report of the Board of Edu- catiou; and was largely instrumental in establishing the High school of this city. He returned to Oswego in 1853 to take charge of the schools of that city as clerk of the Board of Education, and while organizing them he established arithmetic schools for boys and young men employed on the lakes in summer, and in 1859 established an unclassified school for those unable to attend regularly throughout the year. He visited Toronto where he saw the collections of appliances used abroad, especially in the London Home and Training school. Many of these were secured and a detailed plan for their use and introduc- tion into the course of study was devised. He presented his plan to the Board of Education and BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES 295 asked for trained teachers to carry on the work of object teaching put before them. They consented on condition that it should be with- out cost to the city. To meet the expense the inter- ested teachers gave one-half of their salaries for one year to this object. Not only the people of Oswego, but many outside were opposed to the project, but Mr. Sheldon was finally vindicated by resolutions passed by a committee of which Prof. G-reen of Brown University, was chairman in 1865. Mr. Sheldon organized a Training school for educat- ing teachers in 1863, which was afterward adopted by the State as the Oswego Normal and Training school. In 1869 he resigned the superintendency of the city schools and devoted all his energies to the Normal school. Again home opposition was stirred up against him in 1873, which with his other arduous labors under- mined his health and he offered his resignation, which was not accepted but he was relieved from his duties and his salary continued. He was able to return to his work in 1881. In this year the Kindergarten was added to the course of study. It is now nearly forty years since Mr. Sheldon left Syracuse schools and yet he is still enthusiastic and pro- gressive, with no abatement of faith or of hope for the future in progressive educational methods. 29G HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE GEOEGE L. FAENHAM was born in Eiclifield, Otsego county, jST. Y., in 1824; educated in the common schools till 1840 when he removed to Watertown and attended the Black Eiver academy. After teaching part of the year (1846) he went to the Albany State Normal school, then under the charge of David P. Page and graduated in 1847. He came to Syracuse in 1852, taking charge of Jeffer- son school (No. 3). In 1855 he was chosen superintend- ent of the cit}^ schools and continued eight years in that work. After a short time he was called to superintend the Binghamton schools and remained five years where he remodeled the whole system, inluding buildings, course of study, and methods of teaching : introducing what has since been called the "Sentence Method" and which has been acknowledged by many as the phil- osophical method. From there he went to Council Bluffs, la., and remained three years and then to Peru, Neb., to take charge of the State Normal school where he has been nine years. Mr. Farnham has been a student of psychology, phil- osophy and professional teaching. He regards his work in this city as the inspiration and the beginning of his educational career, which has been remarkably success- ful. CHAELES EDWAED STEVENS was born in the city of Buffalo^ on the 20th day of BTOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES 297 May, 1836. His father, Augustus C. Stevens, was of New England ancestry, and a promiiient business man; who died at the age of 37 years. His mother, Elizabeth Breese, came from English and Dutch stock ; his maternal gi^andfather was an officer in the Eevolution, and a near relative of Professor Samuel Finley Breese Morse. Charles Edward is the youngest son and his early years were spent at his grandfather's homestead at Sconondoa, near Oneida, N. Y. He attended school at Cazenovia seminary, and afterwards at Fulton, IST. Y., and entered upon the study of law in the office of Gov- ernor William M. Eenton of Flint, Mich. Shortly after being admitted to the bar of that State he removed to Syracuse in 1857, and for a short time was in the office of Gen. William J. Hough. He was admitted to practice law in the IN^ew York Courts, and was for many years a partner of Flon. N. F. Graves of this city. Mr. Stevens in politics has always been a Democrat of the most steadfast faith. * In 1863, at the time when party spirit ruled high, due largely to the war issues prevailing at that time, the Board of Education of the city of Syracuse passed under the control of the democratic party — they having elected the majority of the school commissioners ; it was thought and claimed by them that they were in duty bound to place the public schools under the charge and direction of a superintendent who was a Democrat in politics. Several gentlemen now prominent in the 298 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYEACUSE affairs of the city, were candidates for the position, and the strife for the office became so warm and spirited that after balloting many times, and adjourning from day to day, it became apparent that a compromise can- didate must be brought into the field ; and at the urg- ent solicitation of the leaders of the party, Mr. Stevens, reluctantly consented to the use of his name, and he was elected superintendent of the public schools on the .258th ballot. Mr. Stevens came to the office with no experience as a teacher, and with but limited knowledge of the educational work required in the public schools, but he had a good fund of common sense and rare tact in acquiring the business management of school affairs. He had the good sense not to presume to lead in educa- tional work, except so far as he oppropriated the sug- gestions and advice of the best teachers in the employ of the Board. On his election he was thoroughly conservative, and opposed to all changes in the cor|)s of teachers then in the schools, believing that tried and experienced talent, notwithstanding the question of politics, would serve the schools with greater fidelity and do better work than others of less experience and unacquainted with this particular field. To a large extent he succeeded in his efforts and persuaded the Board to retain largely the old corps of teachers. In his efforts for the schools he was ably seconded by members of the Board of Education, then composed of BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 299 the Eev. Samuel J. May, N. B. Smith and others, and also by such tried teachers as the late Prof. Charles 0. Eoundy, Ansel E. Kinne, A. G. Salisbury, Superin- tendent Smith, Sarah M. Arnold, Sylvia J. Eastman, Martha S. Clapp and in fact by the whole body of teachers then in the employ of the Board. During the three years he was superintendent of the public schools they suffered no detriment in his hands, but made good progress under his management and direction. In 1866, when Mr. Stevens retired from ofiice, he received from tlie teachers a beautiful token of tlieir regard for him, and lie had the honor of naming his successor in office, Mr. Edward Smith, who was elected to the position at his advice and solicitation. Mr. Stevens is now connected with the law firm of Stevens & Butterfield, of this city, and doing a fair business, leading a quiet and unostentatious life, his only ambition being to fill the measure of good citizen- ship in this community. DR. JOHN H. FRENCH was born in Batavia, July 7, 1824. His father was killed when he was quite young. Most of his educa- tion was obtained from the common schools, by attend- ing during the winter and working in summer. The first ten cents he ever earned was spent for a Webster's spelling book. At sixteen he spent a winter 300 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE in the Gary Collegiate institute. He spent one or two terms in the Clarence academy, Erie county, and taught his first school when he was seventeen years old. He afterward taught in Pembroke, Stafford, and Sen- eca Castle. At this last place, at the age of twenty-one he began his work as a mathematician and an author by revising Adams' arithmetic. He taught one year in Geneva Lyceum, one year in Phelps Union school. From there he went to Keeiie, X. H., and completed his revision above mentioned under the supervision of Mr. Adams. He wrote Adams's mental arithmetic, mensuration, book-keeping. These were entirely his, but formed a part of the Adams series. He was principal of the High school, Clyde, IST. Y., three years, and three years principal of the academy at Newtown, Ct. He published twelve town and city maps from actual surveys in the central part of this State and in connection with Robert P. Smith of Phil- adelphia, the map of the State of New York accom- panied with a Gazetteer, the two being sold for 810. All the work except printing and engraving, being done under his supervision. He revised Pobinsons's mathematical series and wi-ote the greater part of the Algebra. His demonstration of the binomial theorem was for a long time known as "French's." He lived in Syracuse from 1855 to 1867 giving his time to institute work and the preparation of a series BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 301 of arithmetics which bore his name. He was made superintendent of the city schools in 1865, but resigned after a few months to become principal of the experi- mental department of tlie State l^ormal school at Albany. In 1870 he was elected secretary of the Board of Education of Vermont where he remained five years. In 1878 he became principal of the State Normal school at Indiana, Pa., and remained three years. Overwork here brought on typhoid fever from which he never re- gained his accustomed strength and vigor. He took u]^ the work of institute conductor again and continued it till his death. At the age of twenty-three, he married Mary E. Washburn who survives him. He had two daughters both of whom died, one in Syracuse, 1862, and the other in Boston, in 1888, aged 25. This was a severe affliction. His last work was the preparation of a paper on draw- ing to be read at the meeting of school commissioners held in New York, January 8, 1889, but he was obliged to send it on to be read. He died December 23, 1888, leaving his life-long companion alone. This is but a brief statement of the work accom- plished by Dr. French. His life is an inspiration to all young men who may come in contact with his work. 302 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OV SYRACUSE [Note. — This history would be incomplete without the fol- lowing brief notice of the author, Mr. Smith, and his connection with the public schools of Syracuse. I take pleasure in present- ing it. A. B. Blodgett.] EDWARD SMITH, the writer of this history, was born December 30, 1817, in Skaneateles, N. Y., where he lived till he was ten years old, when his father moved to Cattarangns county, and settled on a farm. Mr. Smitli attended the public school in the winter and worked on the farm during the summer months till he was nineteen years old. He attended a private school and the academy at Pratts- burg, Steuben county, one year each. He commenced what has proved his life work in 1837, teaching in the country districts in the winter, and in a private school in Kentucky one summer term of twenty weeks. He also served as town superintendent in Cattaraugus county for two years, 1839-1840. Mr. Smith first came to Syracuse in the spring of 18.45. He was immediately engaged here, where he has since labored continuously : twenty-five years as a teacher and principal, and twenty-three years as super- intendent of the city schools ; a total of forty-eight years, out of which period he has not lost one entire year. A simple record of Mr. Smithes personal work in connection with the growth and prosperity, the ups and downs of the school system, would in itself make a complete, an attractive, and a most interesting history. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 303 The public schools of this city, in themselves the essential product of Mr. Smith's life-long labors, pre- sent the most worthy testimony of what he has accom- plished. He labored early and late, and with fidelity and great earnestness. He conscientiously endeavored to bring teachers and pupils into contact with all that was best and foremost in educational lines ; and ever had in mind the elevation of the thought, the intelli- gence, and the character of the city through the great factor, the public schools. In truth, as we recall that Mr. Smith has for nearly half a century had very much to do in the direction of the work, we are amazed at his ability in keeping abreast of the times ; and it is an established fact — even historical — that the Syracuse public schools have been leaders, never laggards, in educational lines. His annual election for twenty-three consecutive years to the snperintendency was the fullest expression of the confidence of successive Boards of Education. Mr. Smith possesses an iron constitution ; which in connection with a kindly disposition, clean motives, and earnest purposes, has brought him through his long term of service, a well preserved, active, vigorous man, still busily engaged in the calling which has claimed his w4iole being, and which he has pursued with tireless energy. The work of such a life is rarely given its full value, and this brief tribute of words but faintly measures its achievements. 304 HISTOET OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE SILAS M. BETTS was born in Borodino on the east shore of Skaneateles lake in 1828. His parents moved soon after to Canton, now called Memphis, where he attended the public schools. He also attended school at Van Buren Centre, now Warners, and afterward, the Onondaga academy and the academy at Homer, while the late Samuel Woolworth Avas principal. Mr. Betts^ first teaching was at Belle Isle, "boarding around," in the winter of 1844-45. He then attended the Normal school at Al- bany and graduated in 1849. Soon after, he became principal of JSTo. 9, then a small wooden building on West street, Syracuse. In 1851, Mr. Betts was made principal of No. 11, where he remained till he was appointed principal of No. 7, in 1855. He accepted an appointment as principal of a High school at Niles, Mich., in 1859, and was instru- mental in making the schools of the State free to all children. He held teachers' institutes in his own and neighboring counties during vacations, till overwork obliged him to resign. After one year of rest he be- came vice-principal of the New Jersey State Normal school in 1861, assisting in institute work and contin- ued three years, then resigned. He now resides on a State farm near Philadelphia, Pa. He aided in organizing the Am.erican Gruernsey Cattle Club of which he has been the president three years. He says : BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 305 "I have lived to see the schools of New York, Mich- igan and New Jersey made free and vastly improved and have taken a humble part in the work, but my most pleasant memories are connected with the schools of Syracuse/^ CHARLES 0. ROUNDY was born in SpafEord, Onondaga county, N. Y., May 23, 1823. He received his education in the public schools of his native town and in the Homer, N. Y., academy. The degree of A.M. was conferred upon him by Ham- ilton college in 1853. Almost his entire active life has been spent in teaching, beginning in his own town, at eighteen years of age, soon after leaving the academy in Homer. He afterward taught in Skaneateles and Baldwinsville, coming from there to Syracuse at the death of Principal Stetson, to take the place vacated in 1852, where he remained till the establishment of the Syracuse High school in 1855, when he became its first principal. He remained in charge of this school till the spring of 1871, when failing health compelled him to retire. After a year or two devoted to traveling combined with some light work he again began teaching in the Union Free school at Moravia, N. Y., where he re- mained ten years. Leaving there, he spent one year 306 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OV SYRACUSE and a half in Dakota and then retired to liis farm in Skaneateles, K. Y. ; but his love for the work prompted him to seek the privilege of teaching in his own district at a nominal salary. Mr. Roundy has always been noted for his zeal and enthusiasm as a teacher in the small as well as in the larger school, in the primary as well as in the high school. When engaged in teaching no amount of labor was too exacting, that he might have something new to present to his class on the coming day to illustrate the principles to be elucidated or to awaken interest in his pupils. Till late at night with his lamp on the floor and his books around him within easy reach, he would lie at full length, studying and investigating till he had mastered his subject, then with increased enthusiasm appear before his class next day to inspire them with something of his own spirit. His pupils in this city, graduates of the High school for sixteen years, will never forget the love for study and the ambition awak- ened in them for learning, by his energetic spirit. Mr. Roundy's work is completed. He died (Septem- ber 30, 1892) at his home in Skaneateles, leaving a wife and two married daughters. His funeral was attended at Moravia, October 4, where his last important teaching was done, and where many of his pnpils were able to show their respect for the memory of a loved and revered teacher. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 307 WILLIAM WILSON NEWMAN was born at South Onondaga, N. Y., October 5, 1821 ; educated in public and private schools, Onondaga acad- emy, Cazenovia seminary and Albany academy ; was admitted to Hamilton college and received an honorary degree of A.M. from Union college. He began teach- ing at seventeen at Howlett Hill, and taught at Amboy, Geddes, Baldwinsville, Onondaga academy, South On- ondaga, Putnam school, in Syracuse, and No. 13, in Buffalo. He was two terms (six years) school commis- sioner of the second district of Onondaga county, and is now, 1892, Superintendent of the Onondaga Reserva- tion Indian school. He is now living in his 72d year on the farm where he was born. His wife, Elizabeth Esther Williams, was born at South Onondaga ; educated at Manlius and Chitte- nango academies ; taught at Manlius, Syracuse and Buffalo, and is now living on the farm with her hus- band. They were married at the teachers' institute in their schoolhouse, No. 7, the Putnam, and went imme- diately to their new school. No. 13, in Buffalo, where they taught thirteen years, till sickness caused Mr. Newman to resign his principalship and retire to the home farm. Both have taught successfully many thousand pupils during over thirty years of teaching life. 308 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE ANSEL E. KINNE was born May 17, 1830, and was the last of eleven chil- dren. Ansel received all the education the common district schools provided at that time. At the age of nineteen he attended the academy at Fayetteville, and became inspired with a desire to become a teacher. His first school met in a log house in the town of DeWitt, and was satisfactory and successful. The next winter he taught in DeWitt, and the following summer entered the seminary at Cazenovia. In the autumn he again entered the seminary, and later was employed to teach the village school. In the spring he returned to Cazenovia, and remained till fitted for col- lege at twenty-four years of age. Failing health made this impracticable. In the winter of 1845-46, he taught the village school in Fayetteville, and the following winter the DeWitt school, the summer of 1847, the Jamesville school, and the winter of 1848-49, in his own district in DeWitt. He married Miss Emma Merrick, of this city. In the spring of 1850 he was elected town superintendent of schools of DeWitt. In the spring of 1851, he removed to Syracuse, built a house in the Fifth Ward, and entered business for four years. In 1855, he was made principal of Prescott school, where he continued till January, 1864, when he received an appointment under G-eneral Saxton as Super- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 309 intendent of Freedmen, at Fernandina, Florida. He remained there tliree years and was offered the appoint- ment of Superintendent of schools of the State of Florida. This last offer came after he had planned to return north for the education of his children. After his return, Mr. Camp, the principal of Putnam school, resigned, and Mr. Kinne received the a|)point- ment to the position, and remained there till the occupation of the new High school building, when the eighth year pupils from the ward schools were trans- ferred to that building, and the Central Senior school organized with Mr. Kinne as its principal. He re- mained in this school till June, 1872, when that school was discontinued and Mr. Kinne accepted the princi- palship of Madison school, which had just been com- pleted. He remained in this school, doing, as he always had, a missionary work in trying to reclaim the truant and disobedient belonging to his school, until his death, January 16, 1890. EBENEZER BUTLER was born at Pompey, Onondaga county, 'N. Y., in May, 1829 ; was educated at Pompey academy, and began the work of a teacher on the last day of the year 1849, in the village of Buch Bond, Wayne county. Pa. In the fall of 1850, he was called to the school in the village of Pleasant Mount, same county and State. He continued 310 HISTOEY OF THE SCHOOLS OP 8YEACUSE at the head of that school till the fall of 1852, when he returned to his native town ; and (excepting three terms), from that date till the year 1863, he was in charge of the public school in the village of Pompey. In the fall of 1863, he became connected with the pub- lic school of Manlius Village^, as principal. At the end of a year, and in the fall of 1864, he accepted the position as teacher of the school in the village of Ged- des and remained at the head of that school till May, 1866, when he received from the Board of Education, Syracuse, IST. Y., the appointment of principal of Sey- mour school. He held that position over seven years, and till the fall of 1873 ; when, declining re-appointment, he ac- cepted the position of superintendent of the schools of Whitehall, N. Y. Serving in that capacity for nine years, and till the fall of 1882, he returned to Onondaga county, and accepted the appointment of principal of Danforth school. He remained in that position five years, till 1887. Declining a re-appointment for 1888, ten- dered to him by the Board, Professor Butler, after a period of thirty-eight years of continuous and success- ful service in the work of an educator, retired from active school work, and entered upon the duties of a business career, in the city of Syracuse, in which work he is now engaged. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 311 WALTER A. BROWNELL was born at Evans Mills, N. Y., March 23, 1838. He aracluated from Gouverneur seminary, N. Y., as vale- dictorian of his class, in 1861 ; and also from Genesee college, Lima, N. Y., in 1865. He tanght in various district schools during his undergraduate work. He was for one term professor of Latin in Falley seminary, at Fulton, N. Y. From 1865 to 1868 he was principal of Red Creek seminary ; from 1868 to 1871, principal of Fairfield seminary, N. Y.; from 1871 to 1872, principal of Syracnse High school; and he has been from 1872 to the present time, professor of chemistry and geology m the Syracuse high school. During the summer vacations from 1881 to 1886, he was professor of geology and mineralogy in the school for teachers at Martha's Vineyard, Mass. He received the title of Ph.D. from Hamilton college, in 1876. SAMUEL THURBBR was born in Providence, R. L, April 4, 1837. His early education was in the public schools of Providence. He entered Brown university in 1853, but resided there five years, and graduated at 21 in 1858. His life has been devoted to teaching, excepting a year in the army-l862-1863-and three years during which he traveled on the Pacific coast, principally m Idaho, in the employment of a mining company. 312 HISTOET OP THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE He was principal of the high schools of Hyde Park, Mass., Syracuse, where he remained six years, and Worcester, Mass. His first teaching was in the Provi- dence high school, and he left the post of principal of the classical department of that school in 1865, to enter on the mining venture referred to above. In 1880, he went to Boston to take a position in the Grirls' high school, where he now is filling the post of master in that school, and teaching English. He says : '-1 look back on my six years in Syracuse as the pleasantest part of my life." GEOEGE A. BACON w^as born at Webster, Mass., January 17, 1847. Pre- pared for college at JS^ichols academy, Dudley, Mass. Graduated at Brown university, Providence, E. I., in 1867. Taught one year in Derby, Vt., as principal of Derby academy, and one year as principal of the high school in Gardner, Mass. Spent two years (nearly) in post-graduate study here and in Eurojae. Taught history and mathematics for three years (1871-1874) in the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. Was assistant three years (1874-1877), and principal ten years (1878- 1888) in the Syracuse high school. Editor and pub- lisher of The Academy, 1886-1892. He received the degree of A.B. from Brown university in 1867, and that of Ph.D., from Hamilton college in 1879. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 313 He resigned his position in the High school, to form a partnership in the publishing house of Allyn & Bacon^ where he is now engaged. R. BRUCE WHITE was born at Willow Glen, in the town of Skaneateles, November 10, 1839. He received his education in the village school at Mottville, at old district school No. 13, in the town of Skaneateles, and at Monroe Collegiate institute, in Elbridge, N. Y, In Nov., 1858, he began teaching in District No. 13, Skaneateles, and continued during two winter terms. In 1860, he assumed charge of the Mottville village school, remaining there six years. In April, 1866, he went to Marcellus, and was principal of the union school there for three years. In the spring of 1869, Mr. White came to Syracuse as principal of Putnam school, resigning in the spring of 1870. In January, 1874, he was appointed principal of Salina school, remaining there until June, 1877, when he was transferred to Seymour school, continuing in charge until October, 1887. In January, 1890, he was appointed principal of Mad- ison school, resigning August 1, 1892. For thirty-four years, Mr. White has been a teacher in Onondaga county, and for nearly twenty-four years in the schools of Syracuse. 314 HISTOKY OF THE SCHOOLS OF STEACUSE H. ELBERT BARRETT was born in 1851. His early education was commenced in a district school at Hannibal, Oswego county, N. Y. At sixteen, he was placed in Falley seminary, Fulton, then under tlie charge of an excellent instructor, Prof. J. P. Griffin, where his training continued three years. After teaching one term in a country district school, he determined to make teaching a vocation, and at once entered the State Normal school at Oswego, in 1872, and graduated from the classical department of that institution. In the fall of the same year he took charge of the Yates Union school at Chittenango, N. Y., where he remained one year. In 1873, he was elected to the position of teacher of methods in the State ]S[ormal school at Bloomsburg, Pa. This position was resigned in 1877, when he returned to New York to engage temporarily in news- paper work. During March, 1881, Mr. Barrett became connected with the public schools of this city as principal of Salina school, which position he still retains. BRUCE M. WATSON was born at Windsor, N. Y., February 28, 1860. He received his education in the common schools of his native place, and in the public schools of Binghamton, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 315 N. Y. He entered the State Normal school at Oswego, and graduated. He then entered a public school in the suburbs of Binghamton, which has since been annexed to that city, where he continued two years. From there he went to Huguenot, N. Y., and remained one year ; then to Pulaski, N. Y., one year. From the lat- ter place he was offered a position in the Syracuse High school, as teacher of methods in the Teachers' class, and remained till the spring of 1888, when he was appointed temporary principal of Seymour school in place of E. B. White, who was out of school on leave of absence. Mr. White did not return to the position, and Mr. Watson was appointed permanently, which position he has faithfully and acceptably filled to the present time. A. B. BLODGETT was born in Mottville, Onondaga county, N. Y., in 1850. He was educated at DeKuyter institute and at Cazenovia seminary. He began teaching in 1870 at Skaneateles Falls, N. Y., and afterward taught m Madi- son and Onondaga counties. In April, 1873, he took charge of the union school in Tully village, where he remained two years. From Tully he went to Cazenovia, and entered the seminary as student doing outside tutoring. In 1876- 1877, he had charge of the commercial department in 316 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Cazenovia seminary, at the same time continuing liis studies. In the winter of 1875-1876, he left Cazenovia to take charge of the winter school in the First Ward of this city, returning to his studies in April, ]876. He was elected full instructor in the seminary, in June, 1877, but resigned upon being notified of his election to the principalship of Salina sciiool in this city. He remained in Salina school till March, 1881, when he was transferred to Prescott school, in the Fourth Ward. He held this position till March 5, 1889, when he was elected superintendent of the schools of Syracuse, N. Y., which position he still occupies. In October, 1890, at a meeting of the Council of City Superintendents of the State, Mr. Blodgett was chosen chairman of a committee of five to lay before the other educational bodies of the State the advisabil- ity of organizing a State Educational Congress to con- sider the future educational interests of the State. A report was made, and the committee still has the mat- ter in charge. Mr. Blodgett was president of the New York State Teachers' Association for the year 1892. CHARLES E. WHITE was born in the town of Wayne, Trumbull county, BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES 317 Ohio, August 2, 1848. His parents removed to Oaze- novia, jST. Y., four years after. He attended district school till the age of fourteen, and then spent one year in a preparatory school, con- ducted by Prof. Robert Ellis at Cazenovia, after which he was a student in Cazenovia seminary until the winter of 1867, when he taught his first school at Eebel's Cor- ners near Canastota. The next winter he taught the school at "Old No. 9" near Cazenovia, "boarding round " both seasons, and returning to Cazenovia sem- inary, after the close of school, each term. In September, 1869, he was called to the principal- ship of the Camillus school, remaining four years. His next school was at South Butler, Wayne county, where he taught one year, resigning to take charge of the school at Hannibal, Oswego county, which he resigned after a year, to again take the principal ship of the Camillus school, which he held four years longer, resigning on account of ill-health, and for a few months engaging in the manufacture of chairs at Elbridge, N. Y. A vacancy occurring at Cicero he was called to take charge of that school, where he remained till the fall of 1880. He was then elected school commissioner of the third district of Onondaga county, but resigned the office after serving two years, to take the position of superintendent of schools in the village of Geddes. He served as superintendent three years, and was re-appointed. In March, 1886, Geddes village was an- 318 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE nexed to Syracuse, and by a clause in the bill of annex- ation the superintendent of the schools of Geddes, was placed underjihe direction of the Board of Education of the city of Syracuse^, and Mr. White was appointed prin- cipal of Fraiiklin school, where he has remained till the present time. In 1886 Mr. White was chosen president of the New York State Association of School Commis- sioners and Superintendents, and was president of the Onondaga Educational Council for the year 1888. He is the author of a primary arithmetic entitled Two Years with Numbers, which is used in the public schools of Syracuse and in some other cities. MRS. L. E. THOMAS was born in Baldwinsville, Onondaga county ; educated at Baldwinsville Academy, and began teaching in 1868 in the town of Van Buren. She came to the village of Brighton in 1869 where she remained till that district became a part of Syracuse. When the new Brighton school was built in 1881 Mrs. Thomas was transferred to the principalship of the Danforth school. She has practically been where she now is from 1869 to 1893. GEORGE A. LEWIS was born in the town of Clay, Onondaga county, N. Y., January 29, 1850. His early education was received in BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 319 the district school, and at the age of 17 he commenced teaching. In the spring of 1869 his family moved to Syracuse and he entered the high school the first session the present building was occupied. After spending one year in this school he taught during the winter terms of 1870 and 1871, and in the spring attended Cazenovia seminary a short term and became the principal of the graded school at North Syracuse, where he remained a year and a half, when he resigned to attend the Oswego Normal school, from which he graduated in the classical course, July, 1877. Later in the season he was appointed to the principal- ship of the school at Morristown, N. Y., where a new building had Just been erected. After four years of service there in reorganizing the school on the line of advanced educational work which proved eminently successful, impaired health prompted him to resign. In the fall of 1881 he was elected school commissioner of the first commissioner district of St. Lawrence county. In the fall of 1888 he was appointed assistant in the Syracuse High school, where his untiring energy and the faithful discharge of his duties have made him an im- portant factor in its faculty. EZEKIEL WILSON MUNDY was born in Metuchen, Middlesex county, N. J., in 1833. He was graduated from Rochester university in 320 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE 1860 with the degree of A.B. and took the degree of A.M. in regular course. He studied theology in the Rochester Theological seminary from which he was graduated in 1863. From the seminary Mr. Mundy went at once to take charge of the First Baptist church, Syracuse, !N". Y. He was pastor there for three years, at the close of which he took charge of the Independent church of Syracuse. After a pastorate of thirteen years he resigned in 1879, and took orders in the Protestant Episcopal church. In 1880, Mr. Mundy was put in charge of the Cen- tral Library, which place he still holds. FREDERICK A. LYMAN was born in Columbia, Ct., in 1864, and attended a country district school. A love for music became man- ifest at eleven years of age when he began its study from a primer of music without a teacher and he learned to play on the melodeon. At fourteen years he began to study the piano and vocal art under teachers in Hartford, Ct. He moved to Rhode Island and at the age of eighteen, after at- tending a graded school one year, commenced teaching and continued in this work four years, keeping up his musical studies, giving special attention to public school music, theory of music and vocal art. He attended the Normal Music school at Lexington, Mass., in 1886, and taught in the same school four years. BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES 321 For the past two summers he has taught in the mus- ical department of the American Institute of Normal Methods. He passed a successful examination before the board of the American College of Musicians in 1886, and in 1891 was elected one of the examining board of that organization. He has done a large amount of musical work outside of the public schools by directing church choirs, instru- mental and vocal organizations, by playing church organs and several string and brass instruments. He has written a variety of music, including songs, church music, compositions for military bands and orchestras. He is the vice-president of the Khode Island Music Teachers' Association, and of the New York State Asso- ciation. Mr. Lyman became the director of music in the pub- lic schools of Syracuse, in the autumn of 1888, where he has done most excellent work in developing a taste for the science among teachers and pupils, and is sys- tematizing a complete and thorough elementary course in music. WILLIAM H. SCOTT was born September 4, 1844, at Pontiac, Mich.; at- tended school and prepared for college there, intending to enter Michigan university in September, 1862. But instead, July, 1862, he enlisted in the Mich. Vol. Inf., 322 HISTOKY OF THE SCHOOLS OP SYEACUSE and remained witli his regiment^, acting as commissary, till mustered out in July, 1863. In September, he entered Oberlin college, Oberlin, Ohio, with the class of 1870. Ill-health compelled him to leave before graduating, but subsequently the degree of A.M. was conferred. He taught in Michigan, while a student in college. Then in Cleveland, Ohio, under Superintendent A. J. Rickoff, and was principal of the high school at Brooklyn Village, Ohio, one year. Ill-health induced him to go into business for six years. He then engaged in teaching in the public schools of Omaha, Nebraska, where he remained four years. From there he went to the Michigan Military academy at Orchard Lake, Michigan, for one year as professor of English. The following year he was principal of the Pontiac High school. He then engaged in business in Wyoming, Colorado, and Nebraska, finally going to California, and engaged in teaching; giving his time out of school to fruit rais- ing. He remained in California three years and came to Syracuse in May, 1887, and the following June was elected principal of Porter scliool. MARY WINIFRED FLANAGAN was born at Camillus, Onondaga county, N. Y., Sept., 1861. After completing the regular course of study at BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES 323 the village union school, she commenced teaching at Fairmount, K. Y., in 1880. Her ambition to be qualified for the best localities prompted her to enter the Oswego Normal school, where she graduated July 6th, 1886. The American Institute of Normal Methods at Nyack-on-the-Hudson, July, 1892, gave her a diploma in music. She also completed the regular three years" course at the H. E. Holt Nor- mal Musical school and Institute of Vocal Harmony at Lexington, Mass., and graduated August, 1892. In September, 1886, Miss Flanagan was selected principal of " Eock school," in the town of Geddes. Soon after, this part of Geddes became the Ninth Ward of Syracuse, and she with her junior pupils was trans- ferred in Feb., 1887 to May school, where she remained, nearly three years. In September, 1889, she and her pupils were again transferred to White's hall, and there remained during the construction of the new Delaware school, and the following February was appointed principal of Dela- ware school, a position which she still holds. GRADUATES OF THE SYRACUSE HIGH SCHOOL 1856 Rossiter W. Raymond, Osgood V. Tracy, Samuel L. Oomstock, Cathavine B. Poole, Marinda L. Adams, Ellyette W. Casey, Ellen A. Evans, Ellen V. Bowen, H. Wadsworth Clark. 1857 Theodore Y. Kinne, Ellen M. Cheney, Mary J. Hopkins, Julia A. Hawley, W. K. Hood. 1858 George K. Collins, William P. Burdick, William. H. Shankland, James S. McVey, Josephine Hurlburt, Mary A. Morwick, S. Jennie Marlette, P. Amelia Clarke. 1859 Charles M. Kinne, J. Prank Durston, William Henry Robbins, Clara A. Kingsley, William G. Tracy, Eliza M. Riegel, Margaret Moore, Mary Jane Shuler, Helen M. Davis, Mary E. Pisher, (324) HIGH SCHOOL GEADUATES 325 Sarah A. Corey, Orplia J. Jones, Kate Frazee, Elide A. Cummings. 1860 Jacob A. Nottingham, Fillmore M. Smith, Albert Becker, Mary A. Bassett, Maria Freeland, Emma 0. Saul, Nettie Featherly, Leonard M Truman J. Backus, G. Spencer Codington, Mary L. Stevens, Catherine E. Tallman, Annie D. Phelps, Kate E. Dewey, Elizabeth I. Palmer, . Alger. 1861 H. Frank Babcock, Smith Northway, Henry D. Nottingham, Thomas W. Durston, Permelia Nottingham, Harriet L. Powers, Eliza Gr. Chapman, Emily Jerome, Mary E. Morgan, Sarah C. Glass, Lola M. Evans, Avis Stearnes. Thomas Edson H Wilder, Charles J. Glass, Andrew W. Wilkins, A. Melinda Gilbert, Louise H. Eose, Harriet W. Beebe, Mary E. Sheppard, Mary F. Stevens, Edmonia G. Highgate, Clara F. Chase, Catherine M. S. Scanlan, Mary L. Beebe, Hooker. 1862 Dudley P. Wilkinson, William F. Hubbard, H. E. Prindle, Charles R. White, Alice B. Barber, Louise 0. Gere, Sarah H. Ecker, Jennie M. Lee, 326 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Ella P. Bates, Deckle M. Cheesebro, Annie E. Hayden, Mary E. Crowen, Emma J. Ostrander, M. Frances Stevens, Elorence Stevens, Lina M. Dwight, Josephine Magee, Anna Saafer. 1863 Levi C. Lathrop, Thomas M. Eyan, Edward JST. Westcott, Alida T. Ketch nm, Emma J. Chase, Lettie A. Eussell, Louise L. Smith, Lois A. Heath, Mary E. Kelley, Fanny L. Eounds, Margaret F. Paddock, Giles Greorge W. Waggoner, Grace E. Holmes, Frances A. Hayden, Frances M. Prindle, M. E. Brintnall, Josephine P. Crane, Ada G. Barnes, Eliza A. Kennedy, Catherine M. Marsh, Julia A. Wescott, Carrie E. Wescott, A. Lewis. 1864 Henry C. Cole, John T. B. Hillhonse, Albert E. McChesney, S. H. Starin, Frances A. Beach, Agnes E. Usenbentz, Francis C. Pope, Lewis F. Powell, William Davis, John H. Durston, Charles Pratt, Alice E. Herrick, Addie C. Thurston, James W. Lawrence, M. Elizabeth Van Wa^ enen, Julia A. Britcher. 1865 DeEtta D. Spear, Margaret Hurst, Harriet M. Adams, Mary E. Vischer, Emma F. Hood, HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES 327 Henri Bitter, Edgar P. Glass, Alice E. Waters, Harriet S. Leach, Sarah 0. Terwilliger, Albert 0. Phillips, Sarah Jerome, Ida B. Terry, Erances M. Ohesebro, Winifred Davies, Alice Ritchie, Lucy Truesdell, Rosella Snow, Hester A. Leyden, Ella Hurst, Erances L. Leonard. 1866 Wilson R. Hare. Margaret A. Dunn, M. Elizabeth Terry, Ella Starin, Libbie M. Dakin, Abigail Croly, Margaret E. Barber, 1867 Georgiana Lascelle, Julia E. Hoye, Lilly M. Euller, Mary E. Gere, Mary D, Wealthy Arnold, Ella M. Chase, Catherine Celia Murphy, Theodosia A. Holmes, Hurst. 1868 Horatia S. White, James L. Thorpe, Estella Freeman, Alice E. Fitzgerald, Eva L. Smith, Caroline Arntz, 1). Louise Woolworth, Rhoda Van Wagenen, James B. Hitchcock, John F. Burdick, Charles J. Powers, Mary G. Dunn, Charlotte A. Redhead, Sarah T. Stafford, Laura E. Fuller, Mary D. Baker, Julia A. Clarke. 1869 W. Allen Butler, 328 HISTOKT OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE William H. Mills, Mary E. Sykes, Julia M. Killmore, JSTellie F. Maynard, Ida L. Hurd, Orissa A. Hitchcock, Emma A, Welch, William Mary L. Ford, Henrietta Hurst, Mary Silberman, Emma L. Eiegal, Mary S. Murphy, Sarah Freeland, Grace E. Terry, H. Barnes. 1870 Willard K. Spencer, William T. Mylcrane, James M. Gilbert, Thomas F. Coolie, Mary E. Nicholson, Ella Dickie, Helen I. Adams, Agnes L. Lynch, Mary E. Vaughan, Ellen Hay den, E. Augusta Clement, Clinton J. Peck, Arthur B. Kinne, Ferdinand J. Ballart, William A. Wood, J. Wiltse Knapp, Joseph Lally, James W. Ford, Henry G. Hanchett. Ella L. Hayes, Sarah J. Dallas, Nellie J. Abbott, Brace W. Loomis, Edward J. Lally, Orrin J. Snow, Carrie L. Smith, Kate W. Johonnot, Mary E. Hawley, Catherine A. Nichols, Isabel E. Warner, Lucy E. Babcock, Allena E. Coville, M. Olivia Sanger. 1871 Emma F. Bunnell, Sophia Straus, Agnes A. McKeon, Etta J. Pope, Lavinia Van Wagenen, Elizabeth C. Dwyre, Sara Nutting, Bessie Holyoke, Emma G. Soule, Clara L. Terry, Sarah BrinkerhofE, HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES 329 Louise M. Robinson, Margarette B. Leech, Amelia L. Curry, Ella M. Dunn. 1872 William Loguen, George F. Hine, Patrick Cummins, E. Olin Kinne, Edwin Nottingham, William S. Nottingham, Albert B. Eandall, El win D. Plaisted, Henry F. Thomsen, Helen A. Plumb, Isabelle S. Usenbentz, Mary Arnold, Ida A. Gilbert, Florence Chidester, Fanny Hopkins, Cora A. Britton, Sara A. Barber, Olivia McCann, Mary Murray, Emma M. Abby K. Keene, Jennie M. Knapp, Mary A. Losacker, Lizzie Rogers, Rachel Stearns, Margaret E Stacey, Rebecca J. Schemerhorn, Mary A. Berney, Eva L. Williams, Mira Kingsley, Ella Cole, Anna Adams, Mary Hayes, Ellen Kennedy, Effie L. Curtiss, Henriette Clark, Emma H. Munger, Fanny I. Noxon. Josephine McKevitte, Merrick. 1873 The High school course was changed to a four years' course, and diplomas were given to these on three years" work. John Hunter, Mary Logan, Fred L. Dillaye, Lillian Burdick, J. Willis Candee, Margaret F. Freeland. 330 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE 1874 William B. Harlow, Nathan Jacobson, Louis Marshall, Edgar J. Mo watt, Alfred T. Sanford, Ada M. Beach, Mary A. Bolway, M. Lizzie Pairchild, Marilla Groldstein, Margaret A. Kelly, Bessie Lowe, Agnes MoCann, Susie A. Paine, Helen M. Post, Ida A. Eoblin, Alice M. Sitterly, Ella C. Stanton, Mary J. Widger, E. Louise Wright, Clarence X. Blowers, Leroy Pilaris, Will Stark. 1875 Horace D. Babcock, Maltbie B, Babcock, William C. Bennett, A. Clifford Mercer, Alfred Wilkinson, Jr. Elizabeth J. Bainbridge, Adella L. Baker, Minnie A. Barney, Ida B. Gilbert, Ida M. Hay, Margaret Hicks, Hattie N. Holmes, Mary A. Lally, Kittie Leyden, Jennie R. Ludington, Mary E. Morse, Anna J. Nicholson, Emma P. Nicholson, Ptachel C. Phillips, Catherine J. Pickard, Mary Sprole, Hattie J. Walter, Elizabeth Weigel, Amelia Weiskotten. 1876 William D. Andrews, Daniel F. Curtin, Rolla S. Helmer, Frank L. Lyman, Albert D. Sonle, Edward S. Stevens, Mary J. Emmons, Annie F. Fitzgerald, Catherine N. Hall, Mary E. Peck, Alida B. Plant, Mary F. Prendergast, HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES 331 Clarence E, Wolcott, Margaret F. Bebaii, Ada A. Brewster, Clarabel Childs, M. Anna Eobbins Sarah L. Roney, Mary A. Shannon, Annie L. Walsh, Ella S. Dales. 1877 William W. Wilcox, Fred H. Howard, Fred W. Oswald, Walter R. Bridgeman, Henry W. Roberts, Florence E. Herrick, Emma D. Seifker, Flora Cole, Theresa F. Lyons, Lena Porter, Lottie E. Bach, Cora E. Coleman, Effie A. Didama, Lizzie M. Foster, Grace A. Hatfield, Emeline Kennedy, Lizzie Y. Soule, Mary B. Dingham, Elias S. Nutting, Arthur Baker, Charles A. F. Thomsen, Alice M. Wood, Margaret F. Shannon, Mary A. Sullivan, E. Eva Fowler, Nellie F. Cummings, Julia E. Quigley, M. Gussie Booth, Cornelia L. Crossett, Sophia E. Eisner, Lucella R. Hancock, Amy J. Holmes, Blanche M. S. McCann, Florence A. Greenman, Gertrude B. Harlow, Ella A. Wyman, Frank L. Higgins. FIRST CLASS OF 3 878 Will. P. Barber, Leonard Bronner, William A. Hawley, W. Fred Mann, Peter E. Sheridan, Samuel E. Sprole, Anna K. King, Adella A. Martin, Nellie F. Packard, Lizzie B. Smith, Maggie Smith, Anna Whitney, 332 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYEACUSE Charlotte S. Henn, Emma E. Lancaster, Anna Moriarty, Sarah M. Sanderson, Maylon 0. Britton, Isaac H. Crysler, Julius H. Lowenthal, Charles T. McChesney, Colin A. Spaulding, Ella ]Sr. Carlick, Bessie I. Allen^ Kosa I. Bierhart, Fanny Colwell, Emma E. Everding, Blanche E. Weaver, Mary H. Abeel, Eva Ayres, L. May Cameron, Laura S. Congdon, Kittie E. Fairchild. SECOND CLASS OF 1878 Henry M. Chase, William A. Gere, Frank D. Gott, Joseph Stolz, Jennie M. Cate, Clara E. Curry, Minnie L Dunford, Julia F. Farnham, Anna A. Holsman, Cora I Kinyon, Ida L. Powers, Mattie E. Smith, Minnie M. Stone, Etta C. Gibbs, Irene C. Hawley, Elizabeth W. Holliger, Mary L. Sullivan, Alice L. Town, Oscar C. Kinyon, John G. Sharpe, Charles C. Sherman, Julia E. Carroll, Hattie L. Cole, J. Frankie Driscoll, Gussie N. Fairchild, Minnie C. Foster, Susie E. Jones, Susie E. Parsons, Lavillie F. Sawyer, Libbie Sprole, Nellie F. Garfield, Marion Gott, Jessie E. Hayden, Lizzie Sullivan, Agnes M. Town, Emma Woods. FIRST CLASS OF 1879 Amy Campbell, Lizzie Dunford, Ida Gilger, Mamie L. Eose, HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES SSc Sara M. Maxon, Hattie S. Stevens, Lutie Wright, Ada Harris, Phebe Hewlett, Edwin M. Maxon, Abbie Whalen, Ethel Griffin, Emma Hopper, Alfred C. Ginty, Charles F. Sitterly, Calvin G. Stevens, Minnie Clarkson. SECOND CLASS OF 1879 William J. Ayling, Carlton Curtiss, Everard A. Hill, James E. Mulheran, George I. Post, Jr., Katie Dore, Ina M. Landgraff, Hattie Noxon, Lola A. Salisbury, Tillie Siefker, Hattie E. Stevens, Lonise B. Upton, Burt Cowles, William Gannon, John H. Humphries, Scott Owen, Lula Brewster, Flora Hawley, Ella M. Pharis, Julia Knight, Joanna Savage, Sarah Smith, Lydia Thomsen, Mary E. Wolz. FIRST CLASS OF 1880 Annie B. Bainbridge, Mary E. Duguid, Kittie T. Dunn, Hattie G. Hanmer, Frankie W. Manchester, Lizzie Miller, Carrie A. Ormsbee, Nellie A. Eector, Ella B. Thompson, Kittie L. Kittie C. Dunn, Celia Ford, Annie Holkins, Delia C. Mills, Charles J. Markert, Eva Parker, Carrie M. Kowley, Charles J. Walch, Carrie S, Young, Dwver, HISTORY OP THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE SECOND CLASS OF 1880 George D. Hammond, Charles J. Peters, Frank G. Peters, E. Irving Eockwell, E. Josie Balch, Lizzie Carter, Grace Collins, Louise A. Gebhart, Mary J. McLane, Marion S. Morss, Frances S. Van Hoesen, Edwin J. Seagar, Emma A. D Samuel Shevelson, James H, Talbott, Samuel G. Weiskotten, Bessie U. Hess, Kittle E. Kinne, Mamie A. Kinne, Tracy A. Lowe, Mary A. Smith, Jennie S. Tylei', Fannie L. Van Hoesen, Lizette F. Eockwell, Carrie C. Walsh, Lansing. FIRST CLASS OF 1881 Joseph Bondy, Edward Cahill, Bert H. Meads, Carrie L. Allis, Louie W, Chope, Mary B. Featherly, Florence Howe, Libbie Kelly, Mary E. Logan, Mary Miller, Aggie B. Morrisey, Lutie Siefker, Jesse L. Bronner, Edwin A. Kingsley, \¥illard M. White,"' Una A. Bagg, Annie V. Dunn, Bertha Frensdorf, Nellie Jarvis, Mary W. Lincoln, Nellie Lott, H. Delia Miller, Emma Eautenberg, Frances Whipple. SECOND CLASS OF 1881 George F. Cole, Frank A. Welch, Lucien B. Miller, Fannie M. Blye, Frank W. Padgham, M. Octavia Caven, William J. Sauter, Julia A. Cummings, HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES 335 Newton Smith, Celia C. Hinman, Eleanor P. Hogan, Jessie L. Miller, Bettie Marshall, Sarah 1. Murray, May Laura Rae, Eachel M. Eosenthal, Louisa F, Sax, Florence C. Seely, Hattie I. Lizzie E. Cummings, Florence M. Coates. Mary Daly, Maggie Eustace, Ida E. Goldman, Euretta Patterson, Jennie M. Smith, Aggie L. Tubbert, Lula J. Wallace, Grace E. Willey, Shultz. FIRST CLASS OF 1882 Robert H. Jones, Clarence A. Lonergon, Bertha M. Bannister, Lillian S. Barnes, Julia R. Bresnihan, Louise Brooks, Alice E. Coykendall, Carrie II. Crawford, Mary T. Delaney, Adolph G. Velasko, Honora A. Dunford, Nelle Ford, Alice E. Lavington, Clara Marshall, Mamie B. Maynard, Carrie L. Rose, Minnie E. Smith, Fannie V. Sprole, Samuel D. Solomon. SECOND CLASS OF 1882 George E. Chapman, Louis M. Howe, William H. May, Mary D. Allis, Adelaide R. Bayette, Lizzie S. Bridgeford, Lizzie A. Chope, Maude Durston, George M. Price, Theodore K. Wilkinson, Mary Ren a Harrison, Mary Hungerford, Etta Marie Kittell, Emma Genevieve Lang, Nellie G. Norton, Nellie Lucille Randall, )00 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Lottie Irene Earll, Dora Ettelsou, Marie L. Flach, Kate Louise Fry, Arabella W. Cowles, Katie 0. Rogers, Mary Sharp, Frankie E. Slattery, Nettie A. Tomlinson, Emma A. Freeland;, FIST CLASS OF 1883 Clara Adell Armstrong, Minnie J. Bidwell, Lillie C. Carroll, Julia M. Conroy, Annie F. Dee, Minnie E. Duffy, Grace Greenwood Free- man, Lizzie M. Gannon, Jennie K. Griffin, Cora Adell a Harrington, Alice H. Holliday, Anna M. Hopstein, Clara Persis Knapp, Nellie C. Leo, Lulu Frances Leyden, Anna Cora Mayo, Phoebe Alice Sanderson, Carrie E. Sawyer, Margaret K. Schneider, Fanny Sharpe, Nellie Sloan^ Carleton A. Chase, Dominick A. Rafferty. Yetta Estelle Bondy, Kate A. Crawford, May E. Duncan, Abbie Madalene Isaacs, Clara Searing King, Minnie Louise Overacker, Anna Rose Shevelson, Katie Smith, Addie Belle Talbot, William Hurd Miller, SECOND CLASS OF 1883 James Park Becker, Ambrose Chas. Driscoll, Benjamin F. Hammond, Charles Bryant Johnson, Charles Francis McFall, John Earl May, James Francis Michel, Edward L. Miller, Irving Franklyn Baxter, HartmannL. Oberlander. FIRST CLASS OF 1884 Mattie E. Arnold, M. Louise Baum, Mamie T. Bierhart, Geneva M. Brand, HIGH SCHOOL GKADUATES 337 Cora May Bell, Frankie Gregg, Kittle Williams, Pearl Sibson, Minnie T. Thorne, Wilber G. Jones, Benjamin Stolz, Bertha E. Curtis, Louise L. Hunt, Delia T. Keefe, Clara Smith, John D. Fogarty, Frank J. Schnauber, Carl G. White. SECOND CLASS OF 1884 George L. Ammerman, Frank B. Harris, Nellie L. Auer, Susie M. Baker, Kittie L. Bierhart, Ellen A. Dunn, May Giddings, Delia C. Keehner, George M. McChesney, Minda Morrison, Charlotte C. Palmer, Carrie B. Salmon, Euby A. Webb, George W. Standen, FIRST Anna L. Barton, Ida M. Cooley, Etta Levi, Nera Power, Julia W. Stephens, Horace W. Britcher, William B. Crowley, Bert R. Hall, Thomas B. Fitch, Frank H. McChesney, Jessie M. Bagg, Adeline H. Barnes, Wilda Chapman, Lucy Ford, Jennie T. Kappesser, Leila M. Kennedy, Mamie McDonald, Julia E,. Murray, Delia Rosenthal, Rachel Shevelson, Grace C. Williams, Mary E. Abbott. CLASS OF 1885 Kate L. Clark, Lizzie S. Emens, Katherine F. Murray, Louisa Smith, Anna P. Terry, Morris W. Chase, Simon L. Eisner, William Jenney, oo o OOO HISTOKY OP THE SCHOOLS OF SYEACUSE Arthur E. Parsons, Charles P. Lynch, Herman W. Tamkin, Oscar E. Whitford, John Wilkinson. SECOND Charles S. Chesebrongh, Nelson P. Snow, Thomas Turnbull, Jr., Annie H. Agan, Louis Barnes, Minnie Davis, M. Louise Dennison, Minnie H. Freeoff, Clara E. G-reenley, Julia A. Levy, Ellen Murray, Florence A. Sherwood, Josephine Williams, CLASS OF 1885 Charles A. Gwynn, Noble E. Whifcford, William H. Nicholson, Mary A. Bagg, May L. Cuyler, Maggie F. Delany, Louise Ford, Louisa B. Gere, Kittle Lewis, Carrie B. Mills, Martha M. Schultze, Mollie Willett, Florence A. Wright. FIRST CLASS OF 1886 Charles F. Diel, George Henry Williamson, Edward Ashley Gray, Julia Isabel Lamphier, Nellie Augusta Carroll, Clara Loomis SkifE, Elizabeth K. Loos, Nellie A. Eellis, Theresa Gutstadt, Mary Eva Gannett, Jessie Leona Hollenbeck, Mary Zella Andrews, Lucy S. Bainbridge, Minnie L. Nellie R. Bainbridge, Una E. Bierhart, Marie Louise Denison, Clara Daisy Sanford, Clara Levy, Libbie C. Markell, Hattie Jacobson, Lydia A. Prudhon, Ida Marshall, Cora Schoener, Frances Eva Worden, Mamie Leary, E. Belle Livermore, Crow. HIGH SCHOOL GEADUATES 339 SECOND CLASS OF 1886 D. Bruce Kennedy, Philip D. Schuyler, Mitchell C. Harrison, Theodore A. Foster, John C. Shoudy, Louis Gould, Etta H. Avery, Ella H. Cook, Aggie May Gannett, Ada A. Knapp, Lillian V. Hannah K. Kichford, Mary A. O'Brien, Kellie A. Eyan, Augusta C. Baumgrass, Hattie L. Stackhouse, Grace D. Clarke, Florence A. Larrabee, Grace L. Duncan, Mamie Smith, Clara M. Sweet, Moser. FIRST CLASS OF 1887 Curtis Niles Andrews. Blanche Beatrice Bannan, Florence Adah Barton, Rosemary Baum, Estelle Grace Britton, Sarah Porter Brown, Annabel Brumelkamp, Marcia Aurilla Carpenter, Walter Barnes Cherry, Florence Belle Collins, Sara Isabel Cummins, Elizabeth Grace Dowling, Alveretta Falvey, Mary Ellen Gere, Gates Hamburger, Mary Abigail Ingham, Elizabeth Louise KiefEer, Frank Land, Mary Elizabeth McGowan Annie McMahon, Mary Moyer, Richard J. O'Donnell, Mary Sophia Pitkin, Nina Louise Sawyer, Lulu Marie Tickner, Minnie Elizabeth Wescott Brinna Finkelstein. SECOND CLASS OF 1887 Edward S. Allis, Kate L. Abbott, Nellie L. Abbott, Harriet B. Hopkins, Harriet A. Humbert, Myra I. Husted, 340 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYEACUSE Theresa L. Bannan, Mary A. Boggs, Evalyn Boldry Ellen J. Casey, Blanclie H. Colman, Julia M. Cook, Hiram B. Danziger, Eleanor Y. Delaney, Eose M. Delaney, Emma A. Eisner, Anna P. Ferris, Grace L. Ferris, Genevra Gwynn, Martha IST. Hayden, Lillian M. Heath, Laura E. Hickok, H. Howell Kennedy, Louis P. Lang, Anna A. Lynch, Anna L. Mack, Ina Mercer, Eleanor L. Orr, Cora M. Pierce, John W. Plant, Bertha S. Sawyer, Jennie V. Sheldon, Sarah Silverstein, Louie V. Snell, John E. Sullivan, Anna F. Warner, ISTina Weston, Jessie A. Williams, Mary L. Wood. FIRST CLASS OF 1888 Frank Ludington Ames, Bridget Agnes Lynch, Herman J. Bierhart, Jr., Edmund L. French, Frederick Charles Baird, Edward Howard Dann, Clarence Leslie Hewitt, Edwin Phillips Lyman, Beard sley IST. Sperry, Ethel Clara Berry. Isadore Adell Blanden, Etta Ettelson, G-race Whitney Leslie. Mary Stanley, Emma Carrie Woese, Eugene Fritz McKinley, Jeremiah H. Sullivan, Mary Chapman Bennett, Mary Francesca Breen, Amelia Raymond Hough, Hattie Lesser, Margaret Y. Eogers, Mollie Trowbridge, Jessie ^olia Whyborn. SECOND CLASS OF 1888 George Morgan Bacon, Bridget A. Dewan, Charles E. Bardeen, Jennie Dietz, HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES 341 William E. Beeman, Theodore W. Clark, George N. Cooper, George T. Head, John J. McCarthy, Elliot Judd JSTorthriip, Philip E. Schneider, William M. Shirley, William H. Smith, Joseph C. Waller, Charles F. Wiley, Etta Bolger, Myrtie E. Brewster, JSTina Burpee, Edith Cornwell, Emma Davey, Mamie E. DeLano, Mamie E. Dwyer, Margaret E. Evans, May Eayle, Minnie M. Gothier, Eose M. Hall, Hattie C. Hedden, Alvia Horton, Grace M, Howe, Matie A. Keehner, Anna L. Mackey, Edith Palmer, Lydia Reiss, Bertha Schott, Gail Sherman, Bertha E. Steiger, M, Hattie Tanguay, Minnie Traugott. FIRST CLASS OF 1889 Carl Bacon, D. A. Blum, James L. Brewer, E. C. Britcher, Eaymond E. Clapp, John H. Cook, C. Arthur Church, Peter Drum, George J. Dunham, Hiram W. Eastman, William P. Graham, Willard A. Hirsch, Robert E. Keeler, Frank J. Miller, Clarence Perry, Belle L. Dicks, May Earll, Eva L. Everingham, Jessie Fish, Agnes Ford, Sarah L. Hanley, Florence Hanna, Margaret L. HoUister, Jennie L. Hopkins, Marguerite E. Kelly, Eva King, Mabel A. Potter, Josie L. Eeddy, Mary Ryan, Josie Sager, 542 HISTOEY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Katharine Allis, Emma Alvord, Sophia Bloom, Lizzie Brassel, Nellie W. Buckley, Laura M. Buss, Frances Schillinger, Mabel Stone, Grace Gr. Truair, Grace H. Webb, M. Louise Whedon, Josephine Wilkins, Mabelle A. Clark. SECOND CLASS OF 1889 William J. Gere, Louis W. Hall, Bert E. Larkin, J. Burnett Nash, William Rubin, Daniel F. Salmon, B. Robinson Schenck Harry Silverstein, Lorin A. Swarthout Ernest I. White, Florence J. Beecler, Nellie M. Behan, Hattie J. Caldwell, Ida V. Cassidy, Flora B. Collins, Stella Danziger, Lulu A. Day, Lillian DeLong, Libbie E. Dills, Allen G. Tripp, Helene Dixson, Jessie Grant, Gratia Gwynn, Margaret Hayden, Julia V. Helmer, Julia Latterner, Minnie Lenehan, Mary Louise Leonard, Jr., Anna D. Mara, Mary Pharis, Blossom Rill, Mary E. Ryan, Elizabeth Schneider, Lizzie Sedgwick, Charlotte S. Stone, Daisy Tallman, Edith Truair, Cornelia White, Aggie Wood, William Wheatley, Jr. FIRST CLASS OF 1890 George W. Barnes, Charles W. Beadel, Agnes D. Mulheran, Mary G. O'Donnell, HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES 343 George H. Bond^ Harry Brill. Irving M. Bronuer, A. H. Cowie, J. Alfred Dial, Henry E. Dills, Fred J. Haynes, W. J. Leslie, F. S. Lighthall, J. R. McGowan, Daniel Pratt, Eva C. Earll, Mary E. Gallavin, Lillian F. Hamilton, Jennie Gray Harrington, Clementine Heifer, May McCnllocb, Elizabeth J. Morris, Sadie J. Moulter, Anna Pakelnisky, Carrie E. Parshall, Sallie Pratt, Ed. J. Reddington, George 0, Reddington, Adna W. Risley, Frank A. Rosenthal, Bert E. Salishnry, Ed. S. Van Duyn, Addie L. Clark, Den a B. Draper, Emma Ryan, Mabel D. Searl, Carrie Schuyler, Augusta Smith, Bertha Stripple, I'assie Sullivan, Mary E. Tobin, Lena F. Weisburg. SECOND CLASS OF 1890 Harry T. Babcock, William B. Chase, Fayette K. Congdon, Mansfield J. French, Clarence N. Goodwin, Harry Neal Hyde, William Lester, Frank W. Noxon, Minnie E. Curtis, Gertrude R. Danziger, Madge B. Dietz, Anna F. Erwin, Rebecca Amdursky, Pearl E. Belding, Nellie Brennan, Emma Elizabeth Brown, Jennie B. Chope, Maud S. Coan, Mary A. Collins, Jennie S. Cook, Sarah Crabtree, Nellie J. Giflford, Emily J. Goulding, Mary Estelle Hamson, 344 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYRACUSE Anna Fahey^ Grrace M. Featlierly^ Jennie G-ebliart, Lucie A. Genzel, William F. Rafferty, Charles W. Beussow, J. W. Stevens^ John Gr. Truair, Waldo Weston, G-eorge M. White, Belle Adams, Florence E. Milicent A. Hinkley, Victoria M. Kemter, Edith M. Lawrence, Ella Leary, Edith M. Lyon, Lena I. Manson, Katherine Packard, Ida Rosman, Eachel Solomon, Katherine S. Throop, Irene M. Timmons, Trowbridge. George E. Boschert, Charles J. Brown, Thomas U. Chesebrongh, Henry J. Clark, John T. DeLaney, James F, Foley, Edward H. Hnngerford, Henry Philip James, Frank B. Lord, Samnel Pakelnishky, Ludlow H. Smith, S. Holt Starin, Walter R. Stone, Carrie E. Allen, IS^ora Fi^ncis Dillon, Anna E. Gardner, Florence L. Grumbach, Mary Louise Hubbard, Maud Kinsley, E. Maud Lewis, FIRST CLASS OF 1891 Katherine L. O'Keefe, Alice Meade Palmer, Ella Passmore, Mary L. Pendergast, Lucy M. Plumb, Carrie E. Anderson, Mary E. S. Babcock, Bertha Foote Bardeen, Carrie E. Beeler, Mabel E, Boomer, Emma A. Borgwardt Lulu Adelle Bunnell, Kate A. Concannon, Joanna Cotter, Mabel DeLong, Anna McCullock Eich, Carrie A, Eitter, Lena Eogers, Charlotte F. Eoss, Mary E. Salmon, HIGH SCHOOL GEADUATES 345 May Lindemer, Alta May Matteson, Mary Libbie McConnell, Clara Grace McKinstry, Fannie M. Sherwood, A. Lillian M. Smith, Ada L. Sunderlin, Eva M. Yorker, Coletta C. Young. . SECOND CLASS OF 1891 Louise C. Adams, Mabel Hurd, Clara K. Harth, Henrietta E. Blanden, Agnes E. Cahill, Cora T. Danziger, Emma A. Davis, Theresa L. DeForest, Leila B. Durston, Adella C. Farrington, Lizzie F. Foley, Carrie L. Ford, Agnes C. Gannon, Laura A. Herzog, Ada E. Humbert, Florence A. Huntley, JSTellie Joy, Lillian Judson, Laura D. Kaufman, Marion Kinsley, Eva D. Levy, Estelle L. McCoy, Tillie Miller, May Moore, Kittie A. Nicholson, Bessie Parsons, Theresa W. Sharkey, Leora E. Sherwood, Grace L. Spoor, Harriet B. VanDenburg, Kittie A. Walsh, Gertrude E. Weller, Edward Blum, John J. Buettner, Peter B. Cole, William J. Gushing, William B. Dow, Samuel 1. Ferguson, Fred W. Hammond, Don A. Hollister, Haswell C. Jeffery, Edward H. Kraus, Milton M. Leiter, David E. Leslie, Michael M. Lucid, Howard C. Mills, Edwin B. Mott, Edward K. Mundy, John A. Nichols, David W. Nicholson, Edwin W. Parsons, Fred T. Pierson, 346 HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF SYEACUSB Katherine E. Peabody, Minnie A. Quinlan, Sarah R. Eogers, J. Henry Joseph C. Seiter, Greorge A. Smith, Joseph F. Tebeau, Walters. FIRST CLASS OF 1892 Carrie Ann able, Agnes Behan, Kittie B. Brogan, Mary L. Caldwell, May Candee, Julia E. Church, Julia A. Eagan, Lena Frazier, Beulah S. Gaylord, Hattie E. Gould, Nellie I. Grant, Grace M. Green, Minnie Hogan, Cora E. Kennedy, Margaret G. Kimball, Mamie E. Lynch, Ada L. Manchester, Carrie Manson, Louise A. McClure, Mary Munro, Susie Over, Estella E. Padgham, Helen Potter, Minnie A. Strauss, Georgia Wilson, Katie M. Zimmer, George S. Avery, George B. Beach, John W. Church, Chester Clark, Joseph Feinberg, William E. Hewitt, Theodore Kieffer, John S. Lewis, Elisha J. D. Melhinch, Fred Morgan, Peter Schlosser, Max Umbrecht, Irving D. Vann, Henry G. White. SECOND CLASS OF 1S93 Moses Altman, Charles A. Comerford, Will L. Day, J. David Enright, George A. Hanford, Blanche Gillette, D. May Goodrich, Alice R. Graves, Edith B. Hall, Ida W. Harth, HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES 347 James L. Herrick, Clinton L. Hodges, Marx L. Holstein, diaries W. Kelly, Clarence D. Kingley, Charles A. Mack, Frank E. Miller, Harvey W. Miller, Maurice Pakelnishky, Darwin F. Pickard, Elmer J. Scott, G. Frank Tyrrell, Edwin T. Whiffin, Charles E. White, Fred B. Wilbur, Earll W. Wilson, G-eorge Zahm, Bertha Ackerman, Kose Ackerman, Gertrude L. Andrews. Eola Bagg. Nellie A. Baird, Grace E. Bell, Nina M. Boynton, Clara E. Brockway, Charis L. Carroll, Eloise S. Cool, Carrie L. Crysler, Elizabeth S. Dixson, Mary S. Ecker, Satie Frensdorf, Kittie B. Gallavin, Louise V, Cornelia B. Haynes, Cora E. Haywood, Fredericka B. Horner, Mary F. Johnson, Clara M. Jones, Libbie Keeffe, Margarite E. Lodge, Mary E. Lonergon, Louise Maloney, Marian McAllister, Mabel M. McClure, Maggie McGraw, Carlotte J. Mitchell, Edna A. Myers, Grace D. ISTewton, Edith M. Packard, Lillie Kansom, Hattie Raslikower, Besse Byan, Josephine F. Shanahan, Mabel C. Stackhouse, Lena E. Tappan, Margaret E. Telford, Leah Tallman, Sura Tumin, Ethel C. Ward, Kate E. Warner, Kose B. Webb, Alice Weston, May Wheatley, Bessie M. Willard, Mabel L. Willard, Winfield.