Qass. 
 Book_ 
 
 
NEW ENGLISH CANAAN; 
 
 OR, ^"^ 7 
 
 JVew Canaan^ 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 AN ABSTRACT OF NEfV ENGLAND. 
 
 COMPOSED IN THREE BOOKES. 
 
 The first setting forth the Originall of the Natives, their 
 Manners and Customs. Together with their tractable Na- 
 ture and Love towards the English. 
 
 II. The Natural Indowments of the Countrie, and what Sta- 
 ple Commodities it yecldeth. 
 
 III. What People are planted there, their Prosperity, what 
 remarkable Accidents have happened since the first plant- 
 ing of it; together with their Tenents and Practise of 
 their Church. 
 
 WRITTEN BY 
 THOMAS MORTON, of Cliffords Inn, Gent. 
 
 Upon ten Yeers Knowledge and Experiment 
 
 of the Country. 
 
 Printed by Charles Greeu. 1632. 
 
p. FORCE, WASHINGTON, 1838. 
 
<i 
 
 <^na 
 
 i<s^^i=if{^;;^ic^^ii .^^^^-<^ . -.-^^■:<^>i.;;^§i ^!^.-^~;^-,j^^^ 
 
 To the right honorable, the 
 
 Lords and others of his Majesties most 
 honorable privy Councell, Commissioners, for 
 
 the Government of all his Majesties forraigne 
 
 Provinces. 
 
 Right honorable, 
 
 iHe zeale which I beare to the advance- 
 ment of the glory of God, the honor of 
 his Majesty, and tlie good of the weale 
 publike, hath incouraged mee to compose this 
 abstract, being the modell of a Rich hopefuU and 
 very beautiful! Country, worthy the Title of JVa- 
 tures Masterpeece, and may be lost by too much 
 suflerance. It is but a widowes mite, yet all 
 tliat wrong and rapine hath left mee to bring 
 from thence, where I have indeavoured my 
 best, bound by my allegeance, to doe his Majes- 
 ty service. This in all humility I present as an 
 offering wherewith 1 prostrate my selfe at your 
 honorable footstoole. If you please to vouch- 
 safe, itmayreceave a blessing, from the Luster 
 of your gracious Beames , you shall make your 
 vassaile happy , in that bee yet doth live, to 
 
4 
 
 shew how ready hee is and alwayes hath hm, 
 to sacrifice his dearest blood, as becometh a 
 lojall subject, for the honor of his native Coun- 
 try. Being 
 
 your honors humble vassaile 
 
 Thomas M o ii t o n . 
 
The Epistle to the Beader. 
 
 GENTLE READER, 
 
 Present to the publike view an abstract of 
 new England ; which I have undertaken 
 to compose by the incouragement of such 
 genious spirits as have been studious of the 
 inlargment of his Majesties Territories , being 
 not formerly satisfied, by the relations of such 
 as through haste , have taken but a superficial! 
 survey thereof, whicli thing time hath enabled 
 mee to performe more punctually to the life, 
 and to give a more exact accompt of what hath 
 been required; I have therefore beene willing 
 to doe my indevoure to communicat the know- 
 ledge, which I have gained and collected toge- 
 ther, by mine OAvne observation, in the time of 
 my many yeares residence in those parts , to 
 my loving Country men : For the better infor- 
 mation of all such as are desirous to be made 
 partakers of the blessings of God in that fertile 
 Soyle, as well as those that, out of Curiosity 
 onely have bin inquisitive after novelties. And 
 the rather for tliat I have observed, how divers 
 persons (not so well aftected to the weale pub- 
 like in mine opinion) out of respect to their 
 owne private ends j have laboured to keepe 
 both the practise of the people there, and the 
 lleall worth of that eminent Country concealed 
 
6 
 
 from publike knowledge, both which I have 
 
 abundantly in this discourse layd open , yet if 
 
 it be well accepted, I shall esteeme my selfe 
 
 sufficiently rewardded for my undertaking, and 
 
 rest» 
 
 Your Wellwislier. 
 
 Thomas Morton. 
 
In laudetn Authoris. 
 
 T' Excuse the Author ere the worke be shewne 
 Is accusation in it selfe alone, 
 And to commend him might seeme oversight, 
 So divers are th' opinions of this age, 
 So quick and apt, to taxe the moderne stage. 
 That hard his taske, is that must please in all 
 Example have wee from great Caesars fall, 
 But is the sonne to be dislik'd and blam'd. 
 Because the mole is of his face asham'd, 
 The fault is in the beast not in the sonne 
 Give sicke mouthes sweete raeates fy they relish none, 
 But to the sound in censure he commends, 
 His love unto his Country his true ends, 
 To modell out a Land of so much worth, 
 As untill now noe traveller seth forth, 
 Faire Canaans second selfe, second to none. 
 Natures rich Magazine till now unknowne. 
 Then here survay, what nature hath in store, 
 And graunt him love for this, he craves no more. 
 
 R, O. Gen. 
 
Sir Christoffer Gardiner, Knighl. 
 In laudem Authoris. 
 
 THis ivorlce a matchles mirror is that shelves, 
 The Humors of the scperatiste, and those 
 So tnicly personated by thy pen, 
 I was amazed to seeH, herein all men, 
 May plainly see as in an inter-lude, 
 Each actor, figure and the sccene weV viewed, 
 In Connick TragicTc and in a pastorall siife, 
 For tyth of muit and Cummin shewes their life, 
 Nothing but opposition, gainst the right, 
 Of sacred Majestic men, full of spight, 
 Goodnes abuseing, turning vertue out 
 Of Dores, to whipping stocking andfidl bent, 
 To j)lotting mischeife, gainst the innocent. 
 Burning their houses, as if ordained by fate, 
 In spight of Laioe, to be made ruinate. 
 This taske is well performed and patience be, 
 Thy present comfort and thy constancy, 
 Thine honor, and this glasse where it shall come, 
 Shall sing thy praises till the day of doome. 
 
 Sir. G. C. 
 
In laudcm Authoris. 
 
 BVt that I rather pitty I confesse, 
 The practise of their Church, I could expresse 
 MyseJfe a Satyrist ; whose smarting fanges, 
 Should strike it with a palsy, and the panges, 
 Beget a fear e, to tempt the Majesty, 
 Of those, or mortall Gods, will they defie 
 The Thundering Jove, like children they desire, 
 Such is their zeale, to sport themselves with fire. 
 So have I seene an angry Fly, presume. 
 To strike a burning taper, and consume 
 His feeble wings, tvhy in an aire so milde. 
 Are they so monstrous growne up, and so vilde, 
 That Salvages can of themselves espy 
 Their errors, brand their names with infamy, 
 What is their zeale for blood, like Cyrus thirst, 
 Will they be over head and eares, a airst 
 A cruell way to found a Church on, noe, 
 THs not their zeale, but fury blinds them soe 
 And pricks their malice on like fier to joyne, 
 And offer up the sacrifice of Kain ; 
 Jonas, thou hast done well, to call those men 
 Home to repentance, with thy painefull pen. 
 
 F. C. A 
 
 rmi 
 
 ger. 
 
10 
 
 NEW ENGLISH CANAAN, 
 
 OR 
 NEW CANAAN. 
 
 The Authors Prologue. 
 
 IF art &L industry should doe as much 
 As Nature hath for Canaan, not such 
 Another place, for benefit and rest, 
 In all the universe can be possest. 
 The more we proove it by discovery, 
 The more delight each object to the eye 
 Procures, as if the elements had here 
 Bin reconcil'd, and pleas'd it should appeare, 
 Like a faire virgin, longing to be sped, 
 And meete her lover in a Nuptiall bed, 
 Deck'd in rich ornaments t' advaunce her state 
 And excellence, being most fortunate, 
 When most enjoy'd, so would our Canaan be 
 If well employ'd by art and industry 
 Whose offspring, now shewes that her fruitfull wombe 
 Not being enjoy'd, is like a glorious tombe, 
 Admired things producing which there dye, 
 And ly fast bound in darck obscurity, 
 The worth of which in each particuler, 
 Who list to know, this abstract will declare. 
 
u 
 
 «]» am gjB orig mc oRw w OCP 
 
 2DS a^ 3!K ilB ^ SEc ^ w^ oh ^ uo^ IB aH ^}> w 
 
 NEW ENGLISH CANAAN, 
 OR NEW CANAAN. 
 
 The first Booke. 
 
 Containing the originall of the Na- 
 tives, their manners, & Customes, 
 with their tractable nature and 
 love towards the English. 
 
 Chap 
 
 I. 
 
 Prooving Neiv England the principall part of all 
 America, and most commodious and fitt for 
 habitation. 
 
 THe wise Creator of the universall Globe, 
 hath placed a golden meane betwixt two extreames : 
 I meane the temperate Zones, betwixt the bote and 
 cold ; and every Creature, that participates of Hea- 
 vens blessings, with in the Compasse of that golden meane, is 
 made most apt and fit, for man to use, who likewise by that 
 wisedome is ordained to be the Lord of all. This globe may 
 be his glasse, to teach him how to use moderation, and discre- 
 tion, both in his actions and intentions. The wise man sayes, 
 give mee neither riches nor poverty ; why ? Riches might 
 make him proud like Nebuchadnezar, and poverty despaire, 
 
12 Ntw English Canaan. 
 
 vieofvegeta- like lobs wife, but a meane betwcene both. So it 
 '""'■ is likewise in the use of Vegetatives, that which 
 
 hath too much Heate or too much Colde, is said to be venenum, 
 so in the use of sensitives, all those Animals, of what genus or 
 species soever they be, if they participate of heate or cold, in 
 the superlative, are said to be Inimica naturcB, as 
 about tiic Isle of in some Fishes about the Isle of Sail, and those 
 Ilandes adjoyninge, betweene the Tropickes, their 
 participatinge of heate and cold, in the superlative is made 
 most manifest, one of which, poysoned a whole Ships company 
 that eate of it. And so it is in Vipers, Toades, and Snakes, 
 that have heate or cold in the superlative degree. 
 
 Therefore the Creatures that participate of heate and cold in 
 a meane, are best and holsomest : And so it is in the choyse of 
 love, the middell Zone betweene the two extreames is best, and 
 Zona temberatn, '^ is therefore Called Zona temperata, and is in the 
 theGoidenmeane. goldcu meaue ; and all those Lands lying under that 
 Zone, most requisite and fitt for habitation. In Cosmography, 
 the two extreames are called, the one Torrida Zona, lying be- 
 tweene the Tropickes, the other Frigida Zona, lying neare the 
 Poles : all the landes lying under, either of these Zones, by 
 reason, they doe participate too much of heate or cold, are very 
 inconvenient, and are accompanied with many evils. And 
 allthough I am not of opinion with Aristotle, that the landes 
 under Torrida Zona, are alltogether uninhabited, I my selfe 
 having beene so neare the equinoctiall line, that I have had 
 the Sunn for my Zenith, and seene proofe to the contrary, yet 
 cannot I deny, but that it is accompanied with many inconve- 
 niences, as that Fish and Flesh both will taint in those partes, 
 notwithstandin<i the use of Salt which cannot be wantino; there, 
 , , , , ordained by natures hande-worke. And that is a 
 
 Salt ahnunileth i • i i • r ^ i if 
 
 undrr the Tro- great hindcrance to the settmge lorth and supply oi 
 navigation, the very Sinewes of a flourishing Com- 
 monwealth. Then barrennesse, caused through want of raines, 
 for in most of those partes of the world it is seldome accus- 
 tomed to raine, untill the time of the Tornathees (as the Por- 
 tingals phrase is, who lived there) and then it will 
 about Au ult 'ft-- I'^ine about 40. dayes together, which moisture 
 twcenccancerand scrveth to fructifv the cartli for all the yeare after 
 
 the Line. . K . • ii i 
 
 duringe which tune is seene no rame at all : the 
 heate and cold, and length of day and night, being much alike, 
 with little difference. And these raines are caused by the turn- 
 ing of the windes, which else betweene the Tropickes, doe 
 blow Trade, that is allwayes one way. For next the Tropicke 
 of Cancer it is constantly ]\orth-East, and next the Tropicke of 
 
New English Canaan. 13 
 
 Capricome it is Southwest ; so that the windes comtning from 
 the Poles, do keepe the aire in those partes coole, and make it 
 temperate and the partes habitable, were it not for those and 
 other inconveniences. 
 
 This Torrida Zona is good for Grashoppers : and Zona 
 Temperata for the Ant and Bee. But Frigid a Zona good for 
 neither, as by lamentable experience of Captaine capt. nnvu froze 
 Davis Fate, is manifest, who in his inquest of the '<"'''<"^- 
 Northwest passage for the East India trade was frozen to death. 
 And therefore for Frigida Zona, 1 agree with Aristotle, that it is 
 unfit for habitation : and I know by the Course of the cselestiall 
 illobe, that in Groeneland many Degrees short of ^ , , . 
 
 tt> ' . .' ,11 Crocne Land too 
 
 the role Articke, tlie place is too cold, by reason coia for hubita- 
 of the Sunns absence almost six monthes, and the 
 land under the continuall power of the frost ; which thinge 
 many more Navigators have prooved with pittifull experience 
 of their wintringe there, as appeareth by the history, I thinke, 
 they will not venture to winter there againe for an India mine. 
 
 And as it is found by our Nation under the Pole Articke, so 
 it is likewise to be found under the Antarlicke Pole, yet what 
 hazard will not an industrious minde, and couragious spirit un- 
 dergoe, according to that of the Poet. Impigcr extremos currit 
 Mercator ad Indos per mare paupericm fugiens, per saxa, per 
 ignes. And all to gett and hord up like the Ant and the Bee, 
 and yet as Salomon saith, he cannot tell whether a foole or a 
 wise man shall enjoy it. Therefore let us leave these two 
 extreames, with their inconveniences, and indeavour to finde out 
 this golden meane, so free from any one of them. Behold the 
 secret wisedome of Allmighty God, and love unto, our Salomon 
 to raise a man of a lardge hart, full of worthy abilities to be the 
 Index or Loadstarre, that doth point out unto the English Na- 
 tion, with ease and comfort how to finde it out. And this the 
 noble minded Gentleman, Sir Ferdinando Gorges 
 Knight, zealous for the glory of God, the honor of corgff'tlTl'rfgi. 
 liis Majesty, and the benefit'of the weale publicke, J-^f^T^f £'-?- 
 hath done a great worke for the good of his Coun- '"'"'• 
 try. 
 
 And herein this, the wondrous wisedome and love of God, is 
 shewne, by sending to the place his Minister, to y^^ salvages 
 sweepe away by heapes the Salvages, and also <iycdofthepiagm- 
 giving him length of dayes, to see the same performed after his 
 enterprise was begunne, for the propagation of the Church of 
 Christ. 
 
 This judicious Gentleman, hath found this golden meane, to 
 be scituated about the middle of those two extreames, and for 
 
14 New Enolish Canaan. 
 
 t>' 
 
 directions you may proove it thus : Counting the space be- 
 tweene the Line and either of the Poles, in true proportion, 
 you shall finde it to be 90. Degrees : then must we finde the 
 meane, to be neare unto the Center of 90. and that is about 
 45. Degrees, and then incline unto the Sotherne side of that 
 Center, properly for the benefit of heate, remembringe that Sol 
 ^ Homo general hominem ; and then keepe us on that same 
 side, and see what Land is to be found there, and we shall 
 easily discerne that new England is on the South side of that 
 Center. 
 
 For that Country doth beginne her boundes at 40. Degrees 
 of Northerne latitude, and ends at 45. Degrees of 
 
 New England u , i • i i i i • • r i_ ^ 
 
 placed in the gold- the sauic latitude, and doth participate oi neate 
 an mcane. ^^ ^ ^^jj indifferently, but is oppressed with nei- 
 
 ther : and therefore may be truly sayd to be within the com- 
 passe of that golden meane, most apt and fit for habitation and 
 generation, being placed by AUmighty God the great Creator, 
 under that Zone, called Zona temperata, and is therefore most 
 fitt for the generation and habitation of our English nation, of 
 all other, who are more neere neighbours to the Northerne 
 Pole, whose Land lyeth betweene 50. and 54 Degrees of the 
 selfesame latitude : now this new England though it be nearer 
 to the line, then that old England by 10. Degrees 
 Dcgrfe7neere]^' of latitude, yct doth uot this cxcecde that other in 
 f/ic i!n,- then old jugate or cold, by reason of the cituation of it ; for 
 
 England. ' j • i i tvt i i 
 
 as the Coast lyeth, being circularly Northeast and 
 Southwest, opposite towards the Sunnes risinge, which makes 
 his course over the Ocean, it can have lide or no reflecting, 
 heat of the Sunbeames, by reason of the continuall motion of 
 the waters, makinge the aire there the cooler and the constant- 
 er; so that for the temperature of the Climent, svveetnesse of 
 the aire, fertility of the Soile, and small number of the Salva- 
 ges (which might seeme a rubb in the way of an effeminate 
 niinde,) this Country of new England is by all judicious men, 
 accounted the principall part of all America, for habitation and 
 the comniodiousnesse of the Sea, Ships there not being subject 
 to wormes, as in Virginea and other places, and not to be 
 
 paraleld in all Christendome. The Massachussets 
 tettin th^'middci being the middell part thereof, is a very beautiful! 
 0/ ifeiD England. ^^^ ^^^^ mouutany, nor inclininge to mountany, 
 lyeth in 42. Degrees, and 30. minutes, and has as yet the greatest 
 number of inhabitants, and hath a very large bay to it, divided 
 by Islands into 4 great bayes, where shippinge may safely ride 
 The ivindc, not all wiudes and weathers in those partes being not so 
 ti^iand. '"^'"' violent as in England by many Degrees, for there 
 
New English Canaan. 16 
 
 ••5 
 
 are no shrubbs scene, to leane from llie windes as by the Sea 
 Coast of England, I have seene them leane, and the groundage 
 is a sandy sleech free from rocks to gaule Cables, but is good 
 for anchorage, the rest of the Planters are disperst among the 
 Coasts betweene 41. and 44. Degrees of Latitude, and as yet, 
 have very little way into the iland, the riches of which Coun- 
 try I have set forth in this abstract as in a Landskipp, for the 
 better information of the Travellers, which hee may peruse and 
 plainely perceave by the demonstration of it, that it is nothing 
 inferior to Canaan of Israel, but a kind of paralell to it, in all 
 points. 
 
 Chap. II. 
 
 Of the originall of the Natives. 
 
 IN the yeare since the incarnation of Christ, 1622. it was my 
 chance to be landed in the parts of New England, where 1 
 found two sortes of people, the one Christians, the other 
 Infidels, these I found most full of humanity, and more friendly 
 then the other : as shall hereafter be made apparant in Dew- 
 Course, by their severall actions from time to time, whilest 1 
 lived among them After my arrivall in those partes, I endea- 
 voured by all the wayes and meanes that I cpuld to find out 
 from what people or nation, the Natives of New England might 
 be conjectured originally to proceede, ^ by continuance St con- 
 versation amongst them, 1 attaned to so much of their language, 
 as by all probable conjecture may make the same manifest, for 
 it hath been found by divers, and those of good judgement that 
 the Natives of this Country, doe use very many ^^ „ . ^ 
 
 . „ , 1 r • 1 ^^ NfUwes have 
 
 wordes both oi (jreeke and Liatme, to tlie same q mijrcu tan- 
 
 signification that the Latins and Greekes have done, '^"°'^^* 
 
 as en animia, when an Indian expresseth, that hee doth any 
 
 thing with a good will ; and Fascopan signifieth pasco pan greedy 
 
 gredy gut, this being the name of an Indian that ^""• 
 
 was so called of a Child, through the greedinesse of his minde, 
 
 and much eating, for Pasco in Latine signifieth to feede, and 
 
 Pan in Greeke signifieth all, and Pasco nantum, quasi pasco 
 
 nondurn^ halfe starved, or not eating, as yet; Equa coge, set it 
 
 upright, Mojia is an Island in their language, quasi „ , , , 
 
 Jm f • 1 r T 1 , .° ® ^ Mono an Itland. 
 
 Monon, that is alone, lor an Island is a peece or 
 
 plott of ground standing alone, and devided from the mane 
 
 Land by force of water. 
 
16 New English Canaan. 
 
 Co, a mietstoiic. ^'^^ '^ ^ VVhctstone with them. Hame an instru- 
 ment to take Fish, many places doe retaine the 
 name of Fan, as Pantneket and Matta pan, so that it may be 
 thought tliat these people heretofore, iiave had the name of 
 Pan the shep- -^^'^ '" great Tevcrence and estimation, and it may 
 hear(U Cod. |r,gg havo Worshipped Pan the great God of the 
 Heathens : Howsoever they doe use no manner of worship at 
 all now : and it is most likely that the Natives of this Country, 
 are descended from people bred upon that part of the world, 
 which is towardes the Tropicke of Cancer, for they doe still 
 retaine the memory of some of the Starres one that part of 
 thea Ccelestiall Globe, as the North-starre, which with them is 
 called Maske, for Maske in their Language signifieth a Beare, 
 and they doe divide the windes into eight partes, and it seemes 
 originally, have had some literature amongst them, which time 
 hath Cancelled and worne out of use, and where as it hath 
 beene the opinion of some men, which shall be nameles, that 
 the Natives of New-England may proceede from the race of 
 the Tartars, and come from Tartaria into those partes, over the 
 frozen Sea. 
 
 Nor to proceede I §66 no probality for any such Conjecture, for 
 from the Tartars, ^g much, as 3 people oncc sctlcd, must be remooved 
 by compulsion, or else tempted thereunto in hope of better for- 
 tunes, upon commendations of the place, unto which they should 
 be drawne to remoove, and if it may be thought, that these 
 people came oirer the frozen Sea, then would it be by compul- 
 sion, if so, then by whome, or when ? or what part of this 
 mane continent may be thought to border upon the 
 
 No part of Ame- rim •• i i- 
 
 rica kno7une to be Louutry oi tiic 1 artars, It is yet unknowne, and it 
 
 neareTartaiy. .^ ^^^ jjj^^^ ^j^^^^ ^ people Well CUOUgll at CaSC, will 
 
 of their one accord undertake to travayle over a Sea of lee, 
 considering how many difficulties they shall encounter with, as 
 first whether there be any Land at the end of their unknowne 
 way, no Land beinge in view, then want of Food to sustane 
 life in the meane time upon that Sea of Ice, or how should 
 ihey doe for Fuell, to keepe them at night from freezing to 
 death, which will not bee had in such a place, but it may per- 
 haps be granted that the Natives of this Country might origi- 
 nally come of the scattered Trojans : For after that Brutus, 
 who was the forth from Aneas, left Latium upon the conflict 
 a/-A o. ,... i^a had with the Latines, (where although hee gave 
 
 tvny atuiut teji i i oi i r i • 
 
 Latium. them a great overthrow, to the Slaughter oI their 
 
 grand Captaine and many other of the Heroes of Latium, yet 
 hee held it more safely to depart unto some other place, and 
 people, then by staying to runne the hazard of an unquiet life 
 
New English Canaan. 17 
 
 or doubtful! Conquest, which as history maketh mention hec 
 performed ;) this peojile were dispersed there is no question, 
 but the people that lived with him, by reason of their conversa- 
 tion with the Graecians and Latines, had a mixed language that 
 participated of both, whatsoever was that which was proper to 
 their owne nation at first ; I know not for this is commonly 
 seene where 2. nations traffique together, the one indevour'ng 
 to understand the others meaning makes the both many times 
 speak a mixed language, as is approoved by the 
 Natives of New England, through the coveteous T^« nation, ■meet- 
 desire they have, to commerce with our nation, and ""■»''' 'onguage. 
 wee with them. 
 
 And when Brutus did depart from Latium, we doe not finde 
 that his whole number went with him at once, or arrived at one 
 place ; and being put to Sea might encounter with a storme, 
 that would carry them out of sight of Land, and then they 
 might sayle God knoweth whether, and so might be jiut upon 
 this Coast, as well as any other ; Compasse I beleeve they had 
 none in those dayes; Sayles they might have (which uwdaiu^thefrst 
 Daedalus the first invenior thereof) left to after ages, '^«' "*"' sayies. 
 having taught his Sonne Icarus the use of it, who icarm the second 
 to his Cost found how dangerous it is, for a Sonne '^"^ «*-" ^'J/'^- 
 not to observe the precepts of a wise Father, so that the Icarian 
 Sea, now retaines the memory of it to this day, and Victuals they 
 might have good store, and many other things fittinge, oares 
 without all question, they would store themselves with, in such a 
 case, but for the use of Compasse there is no men- -^yny destroyed 
 tion made of it at that time (which was much about "'"'"tsauu time. 
 Sauls time the first that was made King of Israeli.) Yet it is 
 thought (and that not without good reason for it) the use of 
 the Loadstone, and Compasse was knowne in Salo- The undstone in 
 mons time, for as much as bee sent Shippesto fetch sahmomtivu: 
 of the gould of Ophir, to adorne and bewtify that magnificent 
 Temple of Hierusalem, by him built for the glory of Almighty 
 God, and by his speciall appointment : and it is held by Cos- 
 mographers to be 3. yeares voyage from Hierusalem to Ophir, 
 and it is conceaved that such a voyage could not have beene 
 performed, without the helpe of the Loadstone and Compasse. 
 
 And why should any man thinke, the Natives of New Eng- 
 land, to be the gleanings of all Nations, onely because by the 
 pronunciation and termination their words seeme to trench upon 
 severall languages, when time hath not furnished him with the 
 interpretation thereof, the thinge that must induce a man of 
 reasonable capacity to any manner of conjecture, of their origi- 
 nall, must by the sence and signification of the words, princi- 
 
 3 
 
18 Nrw Eiii^Vish Canaan. 
 
 pally to frame this argiinipnt by, vviien bee sball clrawe to any 
 conclusion tliereupon, otberwise bee sball but runne rounde 
 about a maze (as some of tbe fantasticall tribe use to do about 
 the tythe of muit and coniin.) Therefore since I have had the 
 approbation of Sir Christopher gardiner Knight an able gentl. 
 that lived amongst them &, of David Tompson a Scottish gentl. 
 that likewise was conversant with those people both Scollers 
 and Travellei-s that were diligent in taking notice of these things 
 as men of good judgement. And that have bin in those parts 
 any time ; besides others of lesse, now I am bold to conclude 
 that the originall of the Natives of New England may be well 
 conjectured to be from the scattered Trojans, after such time as 
 Brutus departed from Latium. 
 
 Chap. III. 
 
 Of a great wortality that happened ainoiigfit the Na- 
 tives of New England neere about the time, that the 
 English came there to plant, 
 
 IT fortuned some few yeares, before the English came to in- 
 habit at new Plimmouth in New England ; that upon some 
 distast given in the Massachusetts bay, by Frenchmen, then 
 trading there with the Natives for beaver, they set upon the 
 men, at such advantage, that they killed manie of them burned 
 their shipp then riding at Anchor by an Island there, now call- 
 ed Peddocks Island in memory of Leonard Peddock that land- 
 ed there (where many wilde Anckies haunted that time which 
 hee thought had bin tame, distributing them unto 5. Sachems 
 which were Lords of the several! territories adjoyninge, ihey 
 did keepe them so longe as they lived, onely to sport them- 
 selves at them, and made these five Frenchmen 
 
 Five Frenchmen ,. .. ,, ^ • x • y ii 
 
 keptbythesaiva- tetch them wood and water, which is the generall 
 ^'^''' worke that they require of a servant, one of 
 
 these five men out livinge the rest had learned so much of 
 their language, as to rebuke them for their bloudy deede, saying 
 that Cn)d would be angry with them for it ; and that hee would 
 in his displeasure destroy them ; but the Salvages (it seemes 
 boasting of their strenght,) replyed and sayd, that they were 
 so many, that God could not kill them. 
 
 The Plague fell on But Contrary wise in short time after, the hand 
 the imuans. ^^ Qq^} Cg|j heavily upon them, with such a mor- 
 tall stroake, that they died on heapes, as they lay in their 
 
New English Canaan. 19 
 
 ■i> 
 
 houses and the living ; that were able to shift for themselves 
 would runne away, & let them dy, and let there Carkases ly 
 above the ground without buriall. For in a place where niany 
 iidiabited, there hath been but one left a live, to tell what be- 
 came of the rest, the livinge being (as it seemes) ^,^^ ,.^,.^^^^ ^^^ 
 not able to burv the dead, they were left for Crowes, "'>ie to bury the 
 Kites, and vermm to pray upon. And the bones 
 and skulls upon the severall places of their habitations, made 
 such a spectacle after my comming into those partes, that as 1 
 travailed in that Forrest, nere the Massachussets, it seemed to 
 mee a new found Golgatha. 
 
 But otherwise it is the custome of those Indian people, to 
 bury their dead ceremoniously, and carefully, and then to aban- 
 don that place, because they have no desire the place should 
 put them in minde of mortality : and this mortality was not 
 ended, when the Brownists of new Plimmouth were setled at 
 Patuxet in New England, and by all likelyhood the sicknesse 
 that these Indians died of, was the Plague, as by conference 
 with them since my arrivall, and habitation in those partes, I 
 have learned. And by this meanes there is as yet but a small 
 number of Salvages in New England to that, which hath beene 
 in former time, and die place is made so much the more fitt, for 
 the English Nation to inhabit in, and erect in it 
 Temples to the Glory of God. 
 
 Chap. IV. 
 
 Of their Houses and Habitations. 
 
 THe Natives of New England are accustomed to build 
 them houses, much like the wild Irish, they gather 
 Poles in the woodes and put the great end of them in 
 the ground, placinge them in forme of a circle or circumference, 
 and bendinge the topps of them in forme of an Arch, they bind 
 them together with the Barke of Walnut trees, which is won- 
 drous tufFe, so that they make the same round on the Topp. 
 
 For the smooke of their fire, to assend and passe through ? 
 these they cover with matts, some made of reeds, and some 
 longe flagges, or sedge finely sowed together with needles made 
 of the splinter bones of a Cranes legge, with threeds, made of 
 their Indian hempe, which their groueth naturally, leaving 
 severall places for dores, which are covered with mats, which 
 may be rowled up, and let downe againe at their pleasures, 
 
20 NfAD Enfj;lUh Caiman, 
 
 o 
 
 makino; use, of the severall dores, according as the winde sltls, 
 the fire is alwayes made in tlie middest of the house, with winde 
 fals commonly : yet some times they fell a tree, that groweth 
 neere the house and by drawing in the end thereof maintaine 
 the fire on both sids, burning the tree by Degrees shorter and 
 shorter, untill it be all consumed ; for it burneth night and day, 
 their lodging is made in three places of the house about the fire 
 they lye upon plankes commonly about a foote or 18. inches 
 above the ground raised upon railes that are borne up upon forks 
 they lay mats under them, and Coates of Deares skinnes otters 
 beavers Racownes and of Beares hides, all which they have 
 dressed and converted into good lether with the haire on for 
 their coverings and in this manner they lye as warme as they 
 desire in the night they take their rest, in the day time, either 
 the kettle is on with fish or flesh, by no allowance : or else, the 
 fire is imployed in roasting of fishes, which they delight in, the 
 aire doeth beget good stomacks, and they feede continually, and 
 are no niggards of their vittels, for they are willing, that any 
 one shall eate with them. Nay if any one, that shall come into 
 their houses, and there fall a sleepe, when they see him disposed 
 to lye downe, they will spreade a matt for him, of their owne 
 accord, and lay a roule of skinnes for a boulster, and let him 
 lye? if hee sleepe untill their meate be dished up, they will 
 set a wooden boule of meate by him that sleepeth, &; wake 
 him saying Cart up keene Meckin : That is, if you be hungry, 
 there is meat for you, where if you will eate you may, such is 
 their Humanity. 
 
 Likewise when they are minded to remoove, they carry 
 away the mats with them, other materiales the place adjoyning 
 will yeald, they use not to winter and summer in one place, for 
 that would be a reason to make fuell scarse, but after the man- 
 ner of the gentry of Civilized natives, remoove for their plea- 
 sures, some times to their hunting places where they remaine 
 keeping good hospitality, for that season ; and sometimes to 
 their fishing places, where they abide for that season likewise : 
 and at the spring, when fish comes in plentifully, they have 
 meetinges from severall places, where they exercise themselves 
 in gaminge, and playing of juglinge trickes, and all manner of 
 Revelles, which they are delighted in, that it is admirable to 
 behould, what pastime they use, of severall kindes, every one 
 striving to surpasse each other, after this manner they 
 spend their time. 
 
jNew Erioii^k Canaan. 21 
 
 to 
 
 Chap. V . 
 
 Of their Religion. 
 
 IT has bin a common receaved opinion from Cicero, that 
 there is no people so barbarous, but have some worshipp, 
 or other in this particular, 1 am not of opinion therein with 
 TuUy; and surely. If hee liad bin amongst those people so 
 longe as I have bin, and conversed so much with them, touch- 
 ing this matter of Religion, hee would have changed his opin- 
 ion, neither should we have found this error, amongst the rest, 
 by the helpe of that wodden prospect, if it had not been so 
 unadvisedly built upon such highe land as that Coast, (all mens 
 judgements in generall,) doth not yeeld, had hee but taken the 
 judiciall councell of Sir William Alexander, that setts this thing 
 forth in an exact and conclusive sentence ; if hee be not too 
 obstinate ? hee would graunt that worthy writer, that these 
 people are sine fide, sine lege, ^ sine rcge, and hee hath ex- 
 emplified tills thinge by a familiar demonstration, which I have 
 by longe experience observed to be true. 
 
 And me thinks, it is absurd to say they have a kinde of 
 worship, and not able to demonstrate whome or what it is they 
 are accustomed to worship. For my part I am more willing to 
 beleeve that the Elephants (which are reported to be the most 
 intelligible of all beasts) doe worship the moone, for the rea- 
 sons given by the author of this report as M'". Thomas May, 
 the minion of the Muses dos recite it in his contimation, of 
 Lucas historicall poem, rather then this man, to that I must bee 
 constrained, to conclude against him, and Cicero ; that the Na- 
 tives of New England have no worship nor religion at all, rntl 1 
 am sure it has been so observed by those that neede not the 
 helpe of a wodden prospect for the matter. 
 
 Chap. VI. 
 
 Of the Indians apparrelt. 
 
 THe Indians in these partes do njake their apparrell, of 
 the skinncs of severall sortcs of beastes, and commonly 
 of those, that doe frequent those partes where they doe 
 live, yet some of them for variety, will have the skinnes of such 
 
2'2 New English Cainian, 
 
 beasts tliat frequent the partes of their neighbors, \vhich they 
 purchase of them, by Commerce and Trade. 
 nci,.na,un>nke Thcsc skinncs they convert into very good le- 
 goud let her. thcr, making the same pUime and soft. Some of 
 these skinnes they dresse with the haire on, and some with the 
 haire off; the hairy side in winter time they weare next their 
 bodies, and in warme weather, they weare the haire outwardes : 
 they make hkewise some Coates of the Feathers of Turkies, 
 which they weave together with twine of their owne makinge, 
 very pritily : these garments they weare like mantels knit over 
 their shoulders, and put under their arme : they have likewise 
 another sort of mantels, made of Mose skinnes, which beast is a 
 great large Deere, so bigge as a horse, these skinnes they com- 
 monly dresse bare, and make them wondrous white and stripe 
 them with size, round about the borders, in forme like lace set 
 , _,. . on by a Taylor, and some they stripe with size, in 
 
 Indians ingenious ■' J nri- • i- 
 
 ■ivorkeiwn for workcs oi scvcrall fashious very curious, accordmg to 
 the severall fantasies of the workemen, wherein they 
 strive to excell one another : And Mantels made of Beares 
 skinnes is an usuall wearinge, among the Natives, that live 
 where the Beares doe haunt : they make shooes of Mose skinnes, 
 which is the prlncipall leather used to that purpose ; and for 
 want of such lether (which is the strongest) they make shooes of 
 Deeres skinnes, very handsomly and commodious, and of such 
 deeres skinnes as they dresse bare, they make stockinges, tliat 
 comes within their shooes, like a stirrop stockinge,and is fastned 
 above at their belt which is about their middell; Every male after 
 hee attaines unto the age, which they call Pubes, wereth a belt 
 about his middell, and a broad peece of lelher that goeth be- 
 tweene his leggs, and is tuckt up both before and behinde under 
 The modesty of ^hat belt, and this they weare to hide their secreats 
 the Indian men. q^ naturc ; which by no meanes they will suffer to 
 be scene, so much modesty they use in that particular, those 
 garments they allwayes put on, when they goe a huntinge to 
 keepe their skinnes from the brush of the Shrubbs, and when 
 they have their Apparrell one, they looke like Irish in their 
 trouses, the Stockinges joyne so to their breeches. A good 
 well growne deere skin is of great account with them, and it 
 must iiave the tale on, or else they account it defaced, the tale 
 being three times as long as the tales of our English Deere, 
 yea foure times so longe, this when they travell is raped round 
 about their body, and with a girdle of their making, bound 
 round about their middles, to which girdle is fastned a bagg, in 
 which his instruments be, with which hee can strike fire upon 
 any occasion. 
 
New English Canaan. 23 
 
 •ft 
 
 Thus with their bow in their left hand, and tlicir Indians travaue 
 quiver ol Arrowes at tlieir back, lianging one their strike jirc at au 
 left shoulder with the lower end of it, in their right 
 hand, they will runne away a dogg trot, untill they come to 
 their journey end, and in this kinde of ornament, (tliey doe 
 seenie to me) to be hansomer. then when they are in English 
 apparrell, their gesture being answerable to their one habit and 
 not unto ours. 
 
 Their women have shooes and stockinges to weare likewise 
 when they please, such as the men have, but the mantle they 
 use to cover their nakednesse with, is much longer then that, 
 which the men use; for as the men have one Deeres skinn, the 
 women have two soed together at the full lenght, and it is so 
 lardge that it trailes after them, like a great Ladies trane, and 
 in time I thinke they may have their Pages to beare them up : 
 and where the men use but one Beares skinn for a Mantle, the 
 women have two soed together ; and if any of their women 
 would at any time shift one, they take tiiat which they intend to 
 make use of, and cast it over them round, before they shifte 
 away the other, for modesty, being unwilling to be scene to 
 discover their nakednesse, and the one being so cast „, , ,. 
 
 ' o Tlie Indians 
 
 over they slip the other from under them in a decent ashamed if their 
 manner, which is to be noted in people uncivilized, 
 therein they seeme to have as much modesty as civilized peo- 
 ple, and deserve to be applauded for it. 
 
 Chap. VII. 
 
 Of their Child -braring, arid delivery, and what man- 
 ner of persons they are. 
 
 THe women of this Country, are not suffered to be used 
 for procreation, untill the ripenesse of their age, at 
 which time they weare a redd cap made of lether in 
 forme like to our flat caps, and this they weare for the space of 
 12 moneths : for all men to take notice of them that have any 
 ininde to a wife ; and then it is the custome of some of their 
 Sachems or Lords of the territories, to have the first say or 
 maidenhead of the females ? (very apt they are) to be with 
 childe, and very laborious when they beare chil- 
 
 1 \ \ I , The wnmen big 
 
 dren, yea when tliey are as great as they can be, win chud ven, 
 
 yet in that case they neither forbeare laboure, nor 
 
 travaile, 1 have seene them in that plight with burthens at their 
 
24 N(iv English Canaan. 
 
 backs enough to load a horse, yet doe they not miscarry, but 
 liave a fane dehvery, and a quick, their women are very good 
 midwifes, and the women very kisty after dehvery and in a day 
 or two will travell or trudge about. Their infants are borne 
 with haire on their heads ; and are of complexion white as our 
 a Id ci bathed '^^'^'O"' ^"t ^'^^''^" "^others in their infancy make a 
 to ttain the bath of VValluut leaves, huskes of Walnuts, and 
 ' """^' such things as will staine their skinne for ever, 
 
 wherein they dip and waslie them to make them tawny, the 
 coloure of their haire is black, and their eyes black, these infants 
 are carried at their mothers backs, by the help of a cradle made 
 of a board forket at both ends, whereon the childe is fast bound, 
 and wrapped in furres : his knees thrust up towards his bellie, 
 because they may be the more usefull for them when he sitteth, 
 which is as a dogge does on his bumme, and this cradle surely 
 preserves them better then the cradles of our nation ; for as 
 much, as we finde them well proportioned not any of them, 
 crooked backed or wry legged, and to give their charracter in 
 a worde, they are as proper men and women for feature and 
 limbes as can be found, for flesh and bloud as active : longe 
 handed they are, (I never sawe a clunchfisted Salvadg amongst 
 them all in my time.) The colour of their eies being so gen- 
 erally black, made a Salvage (that had a younge infant whose 
 eies were gray,) shewed him to us and said they were Enghsh 
 mens eies, I tould tiie Father, that his sonne was nan weeteo, 
 which is a bastard, hee replied tkta Chesheiiie sqtioa, which is 
 bee could not tell ; liis wife might play the whore and this child 
 the father desired might have an English name, because of the 
 likenesse of his eies which his father had in admiration, because 
 of novelty amongst their Nation. 
 
 C II A p . Y 1 1 . 
 
 Of their Rererence, and respect to age. 
 
 IT is a tiling to be admired, and indeede made a president, 
 that a Nation yet uncivilizied, should more respect age then 
 some nations civilized ; since there are so many precepts 
 Age honoured ^^^^^ °^ diviuc aud humanc writers extant : to in- 
 ^Tan^ ""''"' ^^'"^^ ™o''6 Civill Nations in that particular where- 
 in they excell, the younger are allwayes obedient 
 unto the elder people, and at their commaunds in every respect 
 without grummbling, in all councels (as therein they are cir- 
 
New English Canaan. 25 
 
 cumspect to do their acciones by advise and councell and not 
 raslily or inconsiderately, the younger mens opinion shall be 
 heard, but the old mens opinion and councell imbraccd and fol- 
 lowed, besides as the elder ieei\e and provide for the younger in 
 infancy : so doe the younger after being growne to yeares of 
 manhood, provide for those that be aged, and in distribution of 
 Acctes the elder men are first served, by their dispensator and 
 their counsels (especially if they be povvahs) are esteemed as 
 oracles amongst the younger Natives. 
 
 The consideration of these things, mee thinkes should reduce 
 some of our irregular young people of civilized Nations : when 
 this story shall come to their knowledge, to better manners, and 
 make them ashamed of their former error in this kinde, and to 
 become hereafter more duetyfull, which I as a friend (by ob- 
 servation having found) have herein recorded for that purpose. 
 
 C II A P . I X . 
 
 Of their pretty conjuring tricks. 
 
 IF we doe not judge amisse of these Salvages in accounting 
 them witches, yet out of all question, we may be bould to 
 conclude them to be but weake witches, such of them as 
 wee call by the names of Powahs some correspondency they 
 liave with the Devil, out of al doubts as by some of their 
 accions, in which they glory, is manifested Papasiquineo ; that 
 Sachem or Sagamore is a Powah of greate estimation amongst 
 all kinde of Salvages, there hee is at their Revels (which is the 
 time when a great company of Salvages meete, from severall 
 parts of the Country, in amity with their neighbours) hath 
 advaunced his honor in his feats or jugling tricks (as 1 may right 
 tearme them) to the admiration of the spectators whome hee 
 endevoured to perswade, that he would goe under water to the 
 further side of a river to broade for any man to undertake with 
 a breath, which thing hee performed by swimming over &, de- 
 luding the company with casting a mist before their eies that see 
 him enter in and come out, but no part of the way hee has bin 
 scene, likewise by our English in the heat of all summer to 
 make Ice appeare in a bowle of faire water, first having the 
 water set before him hee hath begunne his incantation accordin"" 
 to their usuall accustome and before the same has bin ended a 
 thick Clowde has darkned the aire and on a sodane a thunder 
 clap liath bin heard that has amazed the natives, in an instant 
 4 
 
26 New English Canaan. 
 
 hee hath shewed a firnie peece of Ice to flote in the middest of 
 the bowle in the presence of tlie vulgar people, which doubt- 
 les was done by the agility of Satan his consort. 
 
 And by meanes of these sleights and such like trivial things, 
 as these they gain such estimation amongst the rest of the Sal- 
 vages ; that it is thought a very impious matter for any man to 
 derogate from the words of these Povvahs. In so much as hee 
 that should slight them, is thought to commit a crime no lesse 
 hainous amongst them, as sacriledge is with us, as may appeare 
 by this one passage, which I wil set forth for an instance. 
 
 A neighbour of mine that had entertain'd a Sal- a salvage enter- 
 vage into his service, to be his factor for the beaver """^<^ °-/°'^""'- 
 trade amongst his countrymen, delivered unto him divers par- 
 cells of commodities, fit for them to trade with ; amongst the 
 rest there was one coate of more esteeme then any of the 
 other, and with this his new entertained marchant man travels 
 amongst his countrymen to truck them away for beaver : as our 
 custome hath bin, the Salvage went up into the Country amongst 
 his neighbours for beaver & returned with some, but not enough 
 answerable to his Masters expectation, but being called to an 
 accompt and especially for that one Cote of speciall note; 
 made answer that he had given that coate to Tantoquineo, a 
 Powah : to which his master in a rage cryed what have I to doe 
 with Tantoquineo? The Salvage very angry at the matter 
 cryed, what you speake ; you are not a very good man, wil you 
 not give Tantoq. a coat ? whats this ? as if he had offered 
 Tantoquineo, the greatest indignity that could be devised : so 
 great is the estimation and reverence that these people have of 
 these Ingling Powahs, who are usually sent for (when any per- 
 son is sicke and ill at ease) to recover them, for which they 
 receive rewards as doe our Chirgeons and Phisitions, and they 
 doe make a trade of it, and boast of their skill where they 
 come : One amongst the rest did undertake to cure . ,, ,. . 
 an Englishman of a swelhng of his hand for a par- '•""''' >>Ja *«"^'- 
 cell of biskett, which being delivered him, hee tooke 
 the party greived into the woods aside from company, and with 
 the helpe of the devill (as may be conjectured,) quickly reco- 
 vered him of that swelling, and sent him about 
 his worke asaine. 
 
NciD English Canaan. 27 
 
 Chap. X. 
 
 Of their duels and the honourable estimation of vic- 
 tory obtained thereby. 
 
 THcse Salvages are not apt to quarrel! one with another : 
 yet such hath hin the occasion that a difference hath 
 happened, which hath growne to that height, that it has 
 not bin reconciled otherwise then by combat, which 
 liath bin performed in this manner, the two chain- t'^oriiictia-b^e" 
 pions prepared the fight, with their bowes in hand, 
 and a quiver full of arrowes at their backs, they have entered 
 into the field, the Cliallenger and challenged have chosen two 
 trees, standing within a little distance of each other ; they have 
 cast lotts for the cheife of the trees, tben either champion set- 
 ting himselfe behinde his tree watches an advantage, to let fly 
 his shafts, and to gall his enemy, there they continue shooting 
 at each other, if by chaunce they espie any part open, they en- 
 deavour to gall the combatant in that part ; and use much 
 agility in the performance of the taske they have in hand. Re- 
 solute they are in the execution of their vengeance, when once 
 they have begunne, and will in no wise be daunted, or seeme 
 to shrinck though they doe catch a clap with an arrow, but fight 
 it out in this manner untill one or both be slaine. 
 
 I have bin shewed the places, where such duels have bin 
 performed, and have found the trees marked for a 
 niemoriall of the Combat, where that champion -ivhcre they per- 
 hath stood, that had the hap to be slaine in the •^'"'"" "''"'"• 
 duell ? and they count it the greatest honor that can be, to the 
 serviving Cumbatant to shew the scares of the wounds, re- 
 ceived in this kinde of Conflict, and if it happen to be on the 
 arme as those parts are most in danger in these cases, they will 
 alwayes were a bracelet upon that place of the arme, as a 
 trophy of honor to their dying day. 
 
 C B AP. XI. 
 
 Of the maintaining of their Reputation, 
 
 REputation is such a thing, that it keepes many men in 
 awe, even amongst Civilized nations, and is very much 
 stood upon it is (as one hath very well noted) the awe 
 of great men and of Kings, and since I have observed it, to be 
 
23 New English Canaan. 
 
 maintained amongst Salvage people, I cannot chuse but give an 
 instance tliereof in this treatise, to confirme the common re- 
 ceaved opinion thereof. 
 
 The Sachem or Sagamore of Sagus made choise, (when hee 
 
 came to mans estate) of a Lady of noble discent, Daughter to 
 
 Papasiquineo : the Sachem or Sagamore of the territories neare 
 
 Merrimack River a man of the best note and esti- 
 
 A marriage. ••hi / i /-i 
 
 mation m all those parts (and as my Countryman 
 Mr. Wood declares in his prospect) a great Nigromancer, this 
 Lady the younge Sachem with the consent &. good liking of 
 her father marries, and takes for his wife. Great entertaine- 
 ment, hee and his receaved in those parts at her fathers hands, 
 where they weare fested in the best manner that might be ex- 
 pected, according to the Custome of their nation, with reveling, 
 & such other solemnities as is usuall amongst them. The so- 
 lemnity being ended, Papasiquineo causes a selected number of 
 liis men to waite upon his Daughter home : into those parts 
 that did properly belong to her Lord, and husband, where the 
 attendants had entertainment by the Sachem of Sagus and his 
 Countrymen : the solemnity being ended, the attendants were 
 gratified. 
 
 Not long after the new married Lady had a great desire to 
 see her father, and her native country, from whence shee came, 
 lier Lord willing to pleasure her, & not deny her request 
 (amongst them) thought to be reasonable commanded a selected 
 number of his ovvne men to conduct his Lady to her Father ; 
 wherewith great respect they brought her : and having feasted 
 there a while, returned to their owne country againe, leaving 
 tiie Lady to continue there at her owne pleasure, amongst her 
 friends, and old acquaintance : where shee passed away the time 
 for a while; and in the end desired to returne to her Lord 
 againe. Her father the old Papasiquineo having notice of her 
 intent, sent some of his men on ambassage to the 
 
 An. ajoliassnge o i i • • i i i • J 
 
 4eut from pnpan- youugc bachcm, his sounc m law, to let him under- 
 Vniaw,'as^kem. staud that liis daughter was not willing, to absent 
 her selfe from his company any longer ; &i there- 
 fore (as the messengers had in charge) desired the younge Lord 
 to send a convoy for her : but hee standing upon tearmes of 
 honor, St the maintaining of his reputatio, returned to his father 
 in law this answere that when she departed from him, hee 
 caused his men to waite upon her to her fathers territories, as it 
 did become him : but now shee had an intent to returne, it did 
 become her father, to send her back with a convoy of his own 
 people : &i that it stood not with his reputation to make him- 
 self or his men so servile, to fetch her againe. The old Sachem 
 
New Eiiglhh C 071 nan. . 29 
 
 Papasiquineo having this message returned, was inraged ? to 
 think thai his young son in law did not esteeme liim at a higher 
 rate, then to capitulate with him ahout the matter, &, returne 
 him this sharpe reply; that his daughters hloud, and birth de- 
 served no more respect ; then to be so slighted, &, therefore if he 
 would have her company, hee were best to send or come for 
 her. 
 
 The younge Sachem not willing to under value himselfe, and 
 being a man of a stout spirit, did not stick to say, that he should 
 either send her, by his ovvne Convey, or keepe her ; for hee 
 was not determined to stoope so lowe. 
 
 So much these two Sachems stood upon tearmes of reputa- 
 tion with each other, the one would not send her, & the other 
 would not send for her, leest it should be any diminishing of 
 honor on his part, that should seeme to comply, that the Lady 
 (when I came out of the Country) remained still with her 
 father; which is a thinge worth the noting, that Salvage people 
 should seeke to maintaine their reputation so much as they doe. 
 
 Chap. XII. 
 
 Of their irafficke and trade one with another. 
 
 ALthough these people have not the use of navigation, 
 whereby they may traffickc as other nations, that are 
 civilized, use to doe, yet doe they barter for such com- 
 modities as they have, &, have a kinde of beads Bmds instead «/ 
 in steede of money, to buy wilhall such things as ^^""'J'- 
 they want, which they call Wampampeak : and it is of two 
 sorts, the one is white, the other is of a violet coloure. These 
 are made of the shells of fishe ; the white with them is as silver 
 with us; the other as our gould, and for these beads they buy, 
 and sell, not onely amongst themselves, but even with us. 
 We have used to sell them any of our commo- _., 
 
 J The name of their 
 
 dities lor this Wampampeak, because we know, we i>ends mmpan- 
 can have beaver again of them for it : and these 
 beads are currant in all the j)arts of New England, from one 
 end of the Coast to the other. 
 
 And although some have indevoured by example to have 
 the like made, of the same kinde of shels, yet none hath ever, 
 as yet, attained to any perfection in the composure of them, 
 but that the Salvages have found a great difference to be in the 
 
30 New Fjjiglish Canaan. 
 
 one and the other ; and have knowne the counterfeit beads from 
 those of their owne making ; and have, and doe shght them. 
 
 The skinnes of beasts are sould and bartered to such people, 
 as have none of the same kinde in the parts where they live. 
 
 Likewise they have earthen potts of divers sizes, from a 
 quarte to a gallon, 2. or 3. to boyle their vitels in ; very stronge, 
 though they be thin like our Iron potts. 
 
 They have dainty wooden bovvles of maples, of highe price 
 amongst them, and these are dispersed by bartering one with 
 the other, and are but in certaine parts of the Country made, 
 where the severall trades are appropriated to the inhabitants of 
 those parts onely. 
 
 So likewise (at the season of the yeare) the Salvages that 
 live by the Sea side for trade with the inlanders for fresh water, 
 reles curious silver reles, which are bought up of such as have 
 them not frequent in other places, chestnuts, and such like use- 
 full things as one place afFordeth, are sould to the inhabitants of 
 another: where they are a novelty accompted amongst the 
 natives of the land ; and there is no such thing to barter withall, 
 as is their Whampampeake. 
 
 Chap. XIII. 
 
 Of thfir Magazines or Storehoivses. 
 
 THese people are not without providence, though they be 
 uncivilized, but are carefull to preserve foede in store 
 against winter, which is the corne that they laboure and 
 mat care tfwy ^'''G'^se in the summer, And although they eate 
 take to la,, up freclv of it, whilcs it is growin^e, vet have thev a 
 
 come far winter. •' , . •; , ^ 
 
 care to keepe a convenient portion thereof; to 
 releeve them in the dead of winter, (like to the Ant and the 
 Bee) which they put under ground. 
 
 Their Barnes are holes made in the earth, that will hold a 
 Hogshead of corne a peece in them. In these (when their 
 corne is out of the huske and well dried) they lay their store in 
 greate baskets (which they make of Sparke) with matts under 
 about the sides and on the top : and putting it into the place 
 made for it, they cover it with earth : and in this manner it is 
 preserved from destruction or putrifaction ; to be used in case of 
 necessity, and not else. 
 
 And I am persvvaded, that if they knew the benefit of Salte 
 
JS'^ew English Can ami. 81 
 
 (as they may in time,) and the meanes to make salte meate fresh 
 againe, they would endeaver to preserve fishe for winter, as well 
 as come ; and that if any thinge bring them to civility, it will 
 be the use of Salte, to have foode in store, which is a cheife 
 benefit in a civilized Commonwealth. 
 
 These people have begunne already to incline to the use of 
 Salte. Many of them would begge Salte of mee t/,cv brgg sai/e 
 for to carry home with them, that had frequented «/"'''£"i'''V<. 
 our howses and had been acquainted with our Salte meats : and 
 Salte I willingly gave them ; although I sould them all things 
 else : onely because they should be delighted with the use 
 there of; and thinke it a commodity of no value in it selfe, ail- 
 though the benefit was great, that might be had by the use 
 of it. 
 
 Chap. XIV. 
 
 Of theirc Subtilety. 
 
 THese people are not (as some have thought a dull, or 
 slender witted people ; but very ingenious and very 
 subtile. I could give maine instances to maintaine mine 
 opinion of them in this : But I will onely relate one, which is a 
 passage worthy to be observed. 
 
 In the Massachusetts bay lived Cheecatawback the Sachem 
 or Sagamore of those territories, who had large dominions, 
 which hee did appropriate to himselfe. 
 
 Into those parts cameagreate company of Salvages, from the 
 territories of Narohiganset, to the number of 100. persons; and 
 in this Sachems Dominions they intended to winter. 
 
 When they went a hunting for turkies : they spreade over 
 such a greate scope of ground, that a Turkie could hardly 
 escape them : Deare they killed up in greate abundance, and 
 feasted their bodies very plentifully : Beavers they ^, . , 
 
 ,.,,,, •'1 -' - •' Theij trade awny 
 
 killed by no allowance : the skmnes oi those they beaver skinnes/or 
 
 traded away at wassaguscus with my neighboures 
 
 for come, and such other commodities as they had neede of; 
 
 and my neighboures had a wonderfull great benefit by their 
 
 being in those parts. Yea sometimes (like genious fellowes) 
 
 they would present their Marchant vvith a fatt hea- 
 
 ver skinne, alwayes the tayle was not diminished, iJ^htT tayi"7n 
 
 but presented full and whole : although the tayle is "/ s'-<:at e,tima- 
 
 a present for a Sachem, and is of such masculaine 
 
 vertue, that if some of our Ladies knew the benefit thereof 
 
32 J^ew English Canaan. 
 
 they would desire to have ships sent of purpose, to trade for 
 the tayle alone, it is such a rarity, as is not more esteemed of 
 then reason doth require. 
 
 But the Sachem Cheecatawbak (on whose possessions they 
 usurped, and converted the commodities thereof to their owne 
 use, contrary to his likeing) not being of power to resist them^ 
 practised to doe it by a subtile stratagem. And to that end 
 A subtle plot of a g^^^ it out amongst us, that the cause why these 
 Sachem. Other Salvages of the Narohigansets, came into 
 
 these parts, was to see what strength we were of, and to watch 
 an opportunity to cut us off, and take that which they found in 
 our custody usefull for them; And added further, they would 
 burne our bowses, and that they had caught one of his men, 
 named Meshebro, and compelled him to discover to ihem where 
 their barnes. Magazines, or storehowses were, and had taken 
 away his corne, and seemed to be in a pittifuU perplexity about 
 the matter. 
 
 And the more to adde reputation to this tale, desires that his 
 wifes and children might be harbored in one of our bowses. 
 This was rrraunted, and my neighbours put on corslets, head- 
 peeces, and weapons defensive and offensive. 
 
 This thing being knowne to Cheecatawback, bee caused some 
 of his men to bring the Narohigansets to trade, that they might 
 see the preparation. 
 
 The Salvage that was a stranger to the plott, simply com- 
 ming to trade, and finding his merchants, lookes like lobsters^ 
 all cladd in harnesse, was in a maze to thinke what would be 
 the end of it. Haste bee made to trade away his furres, and 
 tooke any thing for them, wishing himselfe well rid of them^ 
 and of the company in the bowse. 
 
 But (as the manner has bin) bee must eate some 
 
 avngescai . f^^^^^^^^y bcforc hcc goc : dowuc bee sits, and eats, 
 and withall had an eie on every side; and now and then saw a 
 sword, or a dagger layd a thwart a headpeece, which bee won- 
 dered at, and asked his guide whether the company were not 
 angry. The guide, (that was privy to his Lords plot) answered 
 in his language, that hee could not tell. But the harmelesse 
 Salvage before hee had halfe filled his belly, started up on a so- 
 dayne, and ranne out of the bowse in such hast, that hee left 
 his furmety there, and stayed not to looke behinde him who 
 came after : Glad hee was that he had escaped so. 
 
 The subtle Sachem hee playd the tragedian ; and fained a 
 feare of being surprised ; and sent to see whether the enemies 
 (as the Messenger termed them) were not in the bowse ; and 
 comes in a by way with his wifes and children ; and stopps the 
 
New English Canaan, 33 
 
 chinkes of the out howse, for feaie the fire mighi be seene in 
 the night, and be a meanes to direct his enemies where to finde 
 them. 
 
 And in the meane time, hee prepared for his Ambassador to 
 his enemies a Salvage, that had hved ly. moneths in England, 
 to the end it might adde reputation to his ambas- , „ , 
 
 mi • 1 1 ^r • 1- i*T -^ Salvage that 
 
 sage, ihis man nee sends to those mtruding i\aro- had iivetiu. 
 higansets, to tell them that they did very great in- hntifJentfor"an 
 jury, to his Lord, to trench upon his prerogatives : '^'"'""""''"^■ 
 and advised them to put up their pipes, and begon in time: if 
 they would not, that his Lord would come upon them, and in 
 his ayd his freinds the English, who were up in armes already 
 to take his part, and compell them by force to be gone, if they 
 refused to depart by faire meanes. 
 
 This message coraming on the neck of that which doubtlesse 
 the fearefuU Salvage had before related of his es- 
 cape, and what hee had observed ; caused all those fyl/tr^Thit 
 hundred Narohigansets (that meant us no hurt) to i^'Jachem.''^'^^ "-^ 
 be gone with bagg, and baggage, And my neigh- 
 boures were gulled by the subtilety of this Sachem, and lost the 
 best trade of beaver that ever they had for the time, and in the 
 end found theire error in this kinde of credulity when it wa» 
 too late. 
 
 Chap. XV, 
 
 Of their admiruble perfection, in the use of the sences. 
 
 THis is a thinge not onely observed by mee, and diverse 
 of the Salvages of New England, but also, by the 
 French men in Nova Francia, and therefore I am the 
 more incouraged to publish in this Treatice my observation of 
 them, in the use of theire sences: which is a thinge that I 
 should not easily have bin induced, to beleeve, if I my selfe, 
 had not bin an eie witnesse, of what I shall relate. 
 
 I have observed, that the Salvages have the E""/?/*""" , 
 
 _ ' o nave the sence of 
 
 sence of seeing so farre beyond any of our Na- ^fnge better then 
 
 I 1 1 11 II . 1 1 • 1 the EngUsh. 
 
 tion, that one would allmost beleeve they had mtel- 
 ligence of the Devill, sometimes : when they have tould us of 
 a shipp at Sea, which they have seene, soener by one hower, 
 yea two bowers sayle, then any English man that stood by ; of 
 purpose to looke out, their sight is so excellent. 
 
 Their eies indeede are black as iett ; and that coler is ac- 
 
 5 
 
34 New English Canaan, 
 
 counted the strongest for sight. And as they excell us in this 
 particular so much noted, so I thinke they excell us in all the 
 rest. 
 
 This I am sure, I have well observed, that in the sence of 
 smelling, they have very great perfection which is confirmed by 
 the opinion of the French, that are planted about Canada, who 
 have made relation, Thai they are so perfect in the use of that 
 sence, that they will distinguish between a Spaniard and a 
 Frenchman by the sent of the hand onely. And 
 Salvages that ivHi I am pcrswaded, that the Author of this' Relation 
 "spanmrd /om a has scenc verj probable reasons, that liave induced 
 ■^J'^iuf"he^/Vnd. him, to be of that opinion ; and \ am the more 
 willing to give credit thereunto, because 1 have 
 observed in them so much, as that comes to. 
 
 I have seene a Deare passe by me upon a neck of Land, 
 and a Salvage that has pursued him by the view. 
 
 I have accompanied him in this pursuite ; and the Salvage, 
 pricking the Deare, comes where hee findes the view of two 
 deares together, leading several wayes. One hee was sure, 
 was fresh, but which (by the sence of seeing) hee could not 
 judge, therefore, with his knife, hee diggs up the 
 f.f^he'vk^lf/he earth of one ; and by smelling, sayes, that was not 
 "fumdanVkMed. ^^ ^^^^ frcsh Dearc : then diggs hee up the other; 
 and viewing and smelling to that, concludes it to 
 be the view of the fresh Deare, which hee had pursued, and 
 thereby followes the chase and killes that Deare, and I did eate 
 part of it with him : such is their perfection in these tvvosences. 
 
 Chap. XVI. 
 
 Of their acknowledgment of the Crtation^ and im- 
 mortality of the Soule, 
 
 ALthough these Salvages are found to be without Reh- 
 gion, Law, and King (as Sir Wilham Alexander hath 
 well observed,) yet are they not altogether without the 
 knowledge of God (historically) for they have it amongst them 
 by tradition, that God made one man and one woman, and bad 
 them live together, and get children, kill deare, beasts, birds, 
 fish, and fowle, and what they would at their pleasure ; and that 
 their posterity was full of evill, and made God so angry : that 
 
New English Canaan. S6 
 
 hee let in the Sea upon them, &; drowned the greatest part of 
 them, that were naughty men, (the Lord destroyed so.) 
 
 And ihey went to Sanaconquam who feeds upon 
 them, pointing to the Center of tlie Earth: where saL^agef "-^'^ 
 they imagine is the habitation of the Devill :) the 
 other, (which were not destroyed,) increased the world ; and 
 when they died (because they were good) went to the howse 
 of Kytan, pointing to the setting of the sonne ; where they 
 eate all manner of dainties, and never take paines (as now) to 
 provide it. 
 
 Kytan makes provision (they say) and saves 
 them that laboure and there they shall live with him ll'tat""^ """'''' 
 forever voyd of care. And they are perswaded 
 that Kytan is hee that makes corne growe, trees growe, and all 
 manner of fruits. 
 
 And that wee that use the booke of Common prayer, doo it 
 to declare to them, that cannot reade, what Kytan has com- 
 manded us, and that wee doe pray to him with the helpe of 
 that booke ; and doe make so much accompt of it, that a Sal- 
 vage (who had lived in my howse before hee had taken a wife, 
 by vvhome hee had children) made this request to mee (know- 
 ing that I allwayes used him with much more respect than 
 others.) That I would let his sonne be brought 
 up in my howse, that hee might be taught to reade fo^hil"^''J^^'^omi 
 in that booke : which request of his I granted ; and *J„°j[fj",^f ll„^g 
 hee was a very joyfuU man to thinke, that his sonne of common 
 should thereby (as hee said) become an English- 
 man ; and then hee would be a good man. 
 
 I asked him who was a good man ; his answere was, hee 
 that would not lye, nor steale. 
 
 These, with them, are all the capitall crimes, that can be 
 'frnagined ; all other are nothing in respect of those; and hee 
 that is free from these, must live with Kytan for ever, in all 
 manner of pleasure. 
 
 Chap. XVII. 
 
 Of their Annals and funerals. 
 
 THese people, that have by tradition some touch of the 
 immortality of the soule, have likewise a custorae to 
 make some monuments, over the place , 
 
 I , . . 1 r» 1 Their custom m 
 
 where the corps is mterred : But they put a greate turryinge. 
 
36 JSew Enslish Canaan. 
 
 difference belweene persons of noble, and of ignoble, or obscure, 
 or inferior discent. For indeed in the grave of the more noble, 
 they put II planck in the bottom for the corps to be 'iayed upon 
 and on each side a piancke, and a plancke upon the top in 
 forme of a chest, before they cover the place with earth. This 
 done, they erect some thing over the grave in forme 
 Their manner of ^^( g hearse clouth, as was that of Cheekatawbacks 
 
 Monuments. i • i i rtf 
 
 mother, which the rlimouth planters defaced, be- 
 cause they accounted it an act of superstition. Which did 
 breede a brawle as hath bin before related : for they bold im- 
 pious, and inhumane : to deface the monuments of the dead. 
 They themselves esteeme of it as piaculum, and have a custome 
 amongst them, to keepe their annals : &c come at certaine times 
 
 to lament, & bewaile the losse of their freind ; &t 
 tiack7heir}are7. "^6 to black their faces, which they so weare in 
 
 stead of a mourning ornament for a lonijer or a 
 shorter time, according to the dignity of the person : so is their 
 annals kept and observed with their accustomed solemnity. Af- 
 terwards they absolutely abandon the place, because they sup- 
 pose the sight thereof, will but renew their sorrow. 
 
 It was a thing very offensive to them, at our first comming 
 into those parts, to aske of them for any one that had bin dead ; 
 but of later times it is not so offensively taken, to renew the 
 memory of any deseased person, because by our example 
 (which they are apt to followe) it is made more familiare unto 
 them ; and they marvell to see no monuments over our dead, 
 and therefore thinke no great Sachem is yet come into those 
 parts : or not as yet deade, because they see the graves all 
 alike. 
 
 C n A p . X V ill. 
 
 Of their Custome. in binnivg the Covntry, and the 
 reason thereof, 
 
 THe Salvages are accustomed, to set fire of the Country 
 in all places where they come : and to burne it, twize a 
 yeare, vixe at the Spring, and the fall of the leafe. 
 The reason that mooves them to doe so, is because it would 
 other wise be so overgrowne with underweedes, 
 theCounti^yPwia that it would be all a copice wood, and the peo- 
 
 ayeare. pj^ ^yQ^]^ p^j j^jg g{j|g jj^ ^^y ^^jgg j^ pasSC thrOUgh 
 
 the Country out of a beaten path. 
 
New Evslish Canaan. 37 
 
 The meanes that they do it with, is with certaiue rainerall 
 stones, that they cairy about them : in baggs made for that pur- 
 pose of the skinnes of little beastes which they convert into 
 good lelher; carrying in the same a peace of touch wood (very 
 excellent for that purpose of their owne making. These min- 
 nerall stones they have from the Piquenteeiies (wlilch is to the 
 Southward of all the plantations in New England) by trade and 
 trailicke with those people. 
 
 The burning of the grasse destroyes the underwoods, and so 
 scorcheth the elder trees, that it shrinkes them, and hinders 
 their grouth very much ; So that hee that will looke to findo 
 large trees, and good tymber, must not depend upon the help, 
 of a woodden prospect to finde them on the upland ground ; 
 but must seeke for them, (as I and others have done) in the 
 lower grounds where the grounds are wett when the Country is 
 fired : by reason of the snow water that remaines there for a 
 time, untill the Sunne by continuance of that hath exhaled the 
 vapoures of the earth, and dried up those places, where the fire 
 (by reason of the moisture) can have no power to doe them 
 any hurt : and if he would endevoure to finde out any goodly 
 Cedars, hee must not seeke for them on the higher grounds, but 
 make his inquest for them in the vallies, for the Salvages by 
 this Custome of theirs, have spoiled all the rest : for this cus- 
 tome hath bin continued from the beginninge. 
 
 And least their firing of the Country in this manner; should 
 be an occasion of damnifying us, and indaingering our habita- 
 tions ; wee our selves have used carefully about the same times ; 
 to observe the winds and fire the grounds about our owne habi- 
 tations, to prevent the Dammage that might happen by any 
 neglect thereof, if the fire should come neere those bowses in 
 our absence. 
 
 For when the fire is once kindled, iv dilates and spreads it 
 selfe as well against, as with the winde ; burning continually 
 night and day, untill a shower of raine falls to quench it. 
 
 And this custome of firing the Country is the meanes to make 
 it passable, and by that meanes the trees growe here, and iheie 
 as in our parks : and makes the Country very 
 beautifull, and commodious. 
 
38 New English Canaan. 
 
 Chap. XIX. 
 
 Of their inclination to Drunkenesse. 
 
 ALthough Drunkennesse be justly termed a vice, which 
 the Salvages are ignorant of, yet the benefit is very great 
 that comes to the planters by the sale of strong liquor to 
 the Salvages, who are much taken with the delight of it, for 
 they will j3a\vne their wits, to purchase the acquaintance of it, 
 yet in al the comerce that I had with them, I never proffered 
 them any such thing ; nay 1 would hardly let any of them have 
 a drame unless hee were a Sachem, or a Winnaytue, that is a 
 rich man, or a man of estimation, next in degree to a Sachem, 
 or Sagamore : I alwayes tould them it was amongst us the Sa- 
 chem^s drinke. But they say if 1 come to the Northerne parts 
 of the Country, I shall have no trade, if I will not supply the 
 with lusty liquors, it is the life of the trade, in all those parts, 
 for it so happened, that thus a Salvage desperately killed him- 
 selfe, when hee was drunke, a gunne being charged and the 
 cock up, hee sets the mouth to his brest, and putting back the 
 tricker with his foote, shot himselfe dead. 
 
 Chap. XX. 
 
 That the Salvages live a contended life, 
 
 A Gentleman and a traveller, that had bin in the parts of 
 New England for a time, when hee retorned againe in 
 his discourse of the Country, wondered (as hee said,) 
 that the natives of the land lived so poorely, in so rich a Coun- 
 try, like to our Beggers in England : Surely that Gentleman 
 had not time or leasure whiles hee was there, truely to informe 
 himselfe of the state of that Country, and the happy life the 
 Salvages would leade weare they once brought to Christianity. 
 I must confesse they want the use and benefit of 
 The Salvages Navigation (which is the very sinnus of a flourish- 
 Tfnavigati'oii. ing CommoDwealth,) yet are they supplied with all 
 manner of needfull things, for the maintenance of 
 life and lifelyhood, Foode and ray men t are the cheife of all 
 that we make true use of ; and of these they finde no want, but 
 have, them in a most plentifull manner. 
 
New English Canaan. 39 
 
 •ft 
 
 If our beggers of England should with so much ease (as 
 they,) furnish themselves with foode, at all seasons, there would 
 not be so many starved in the streets, neither would so many 
 gaoles be stuffed, or gallouses furnished with poore wretches, as 
 V have seene them. 
 
 But they of this sort of our owiie nation, that are fitt to goe 
 to this Canaan are not able to transport themselves, and most 
 of them unwilling to goe from the good ale tap ; which is the 
 very loadstone of the lande by which our English beggers steere 
 theire Course: it is the Northpole to which the flowre-deluce 
 of their compasse points ; the more is the pitty that the Com- 
 monalty of oure Land are of such leaden capacities, as to neglect 
 so brave a Country, that doth so plentifully feede Maine lusty 
 and a brave, able men, women, and children that have not the 
 meanes that a Civilized Nation hath to purchase foode and ray- 
 ment : which that Country with a little industry will yeeld a 
 man in a very comfortable measure ; without overmuch carking. 
 
 1 cannot deny but a civilized Nation, hath the preheminence 
 of an uncivilized, by meanes of those instruments that are found 
 to be common amongst civile people, and the uncivile want the 
 use of, to make themselves masters of those ornaments, that 
 make such a glorious shew, that will give a man occasion to 
 cry, sic transit gloria Mundi. 
 
 Now since it is but foode and rayment that men that live 
 needeth (though not all alike,) why should not the Natives of 
 New England be sayd to live richly having no want of either: 
 Cloaths are the badge of sinne, and the more variety of fash- 
 ions is but the greater abuse of the Creature, the beasts of the 
 forrest there doe serve to furnish them at any time, when they 
 please : fish and flesh they have in greate abundance which 
 they both roast and boyle. 
 
 They are indeed not served in dishes of plate with variety of 
 Sauces to procure appetite, that needs not there. The rarity 
 of the aire begot by the medicinable quality of the sweete 
 herbes of the Country, alwayes procures good stomakes to the 
 inhabitants. 
 
 I must needs commend them in this particular, that though 
 they buy many commodities of our Nation, yet they keepe but 
 fewe, and those of speciall use. 
 
 They love not to bee cumbered with many utensilles, and 
 although every proprietor knowes his owne, yet all things (so 
 long as they will last,) are used in common amongst them : A 
 bisket cake given to one ; that one breakes it equally into so 
 many parts, as there be persons in his company, and distributes it. 
 Platoes Commonwealth is so much practised by these people. 
 
40 Neio English Canaan. 
 
 Theyitadeaimp. Accofding to humanc reason guided onely by 
 ^vo%%^^cave. the light of natufB, thcsc people leades the more 
 happy and freer life, being voyde of care, which 
 torments the mindes of so many Christians : Theyare not de- 
 lighted in baubles, but in usefull things. 
 
 Their naturall drinke is of the Christall fountaine, and this 
 they take up in their hands, by joyning them close together. 
 They take up a great quantity at a time, and drinke at the 
 wrists, It was the sight of such a feate, which made Diogenes 
 hurle away his dishe, and like one that would have this prinoi- 
 pall confirmed. Natura paucis contentat, used a dish no more. 
 
 1 have observed that they will not be troubled with super- 
 fluous commodities. Such things as they finde, they are taught 
 by necessity to make use of they will make choise of; and 
 seeke to purchase with industry so that in respect, that their 
 life is so voyd of care, and they are so loving also that they 
 make use of those things they enjoy (the wife 
 'oTdi'nZl'"oiingi, ouely excepted) afe common goods, and are therein, 
 Tomrnvn'^'"^'^ '^* ^^ compassiouatc that rather than one should starve 
 through want, they would starve all, thus doe they 
 passe away the time merrily, not regarding our pompe (which 
 they see dayly before their faces) but are better content with 
 their owne, which some men esteeme so meanely of. 
 
 They may be rather accompted to live richly wanting nothing 
 
 that is needefull: and to be commended for leading a contented 
 
 life, the younger being ruled by the Elder, and the Elder ruled 
 
 by the Powahs, and the Powahs are ruled by the Devill, and 
 
 then you may imagin what good rule is like to be 
 
 amongst them. 
 
 F I N 1 >S'. 
 
4( 
 
 3^ i^''J^ II '^i^ .^ ^ ^ |S^ :^ '^'^' Iti ^^ 
 
 NEW ENGLISH CANAAN, 
 
 OR NEW CANAAN. 
 
 The Second Booke. 
 
 Containing a description of the bewtj 
 of the Country with her naturall 
 indowements, both in the Land 
 and Sea, with the great Lake of 
 Erocoise. 
 
 C H A p . 1 
 
 The generaU Survey of the Coimtry. 
 
 N the MoiiCth of luue, Anno S^lutis : 1622. 
 
 It was my chaunce to arrive in the parts of New England 
 with 30. Servants, and provision of all sorts fit for a 
 plantation : And whiles our howses were building, I did 
 endeavour to take a survey of the Country : The more I looked, 
 the more I liked it. 
 
 And when I had more seriously considered of 
 the bewty of the place, with all her faire indow- ^r/"'"'"' '^""*' 
 ments, I did not thinke that in all the knowne world 
 it could be paralel'd. For so many goodly groues of trees ; 
 dainty fine round rising hillucks : delicate faire large plaines, 
 6 
 
42 N(W English Canaan. 
 
 Their fountnines swccte cristall foLintaines, and cleare running 
 "chihtJlr"^ *" streanies, that twine in fine meanders through the 
 meads, making so sweete a murmering noise to 
 heare, as would even lull the sences with delight a sleepe, so 
 pleasantly doe, they glide upon the pebble stones, jetting most 
 jocundly where they doe meete ; and hand in hand runne 
 downe to Neptunes Court, to pay the yearely tribute, which 
 they owe to him as soveraigne Lord of all the springs. Con- 
 tained within the volume of the Land, Fowles in 
 crente ttore of abuudance, Fish in multitude, and discovered be- 
 e'urtkdovts. sides; Millions of Turtledoves one the greene 
 boughes : which sate pecking, of the full ripe plea- 
 sant grapes, that were supported by the lusty trees, whose 
 fruitfull loade did cause the armes to bend, which here and 
 there dispersed (you might see) Lillies and of the Daphnean- 
 tree, which made the Land to mee seeme paradice, for in mine 
 eie, t'was Natures Master-peece : Her cheifest Magazine of, all 
 where lives her store: if this Land be not rich, then is the 
 whole world poore. 
 
 What I had resolved on, I have really performed, and I have 
 endeavoured, to use this abstract as an instrument, to bee the 
 meanes, to cominunicate the knowledge which I have gathered, 
 by my many yeares residence in those parts, unto my Coun- 
 trymen, to the end, that they may the better perceive their 
 error, who cannot imagine, that there is any Country in the 
 universall world, which may be compared unto our native soyle, 
 I will now discover unto them a Country whose indowments are 
 bv learned men allowed to stand in a paralell with the Israelites 
 Canaan, which none will deny, to be a land farre more excellent 
 then Old England in her proper nature. 
 
 This I consider I am bound in duety (as becommeth a Chris- 
 tian man) to performe, for the glory of God, in the first place ; 
 next (according to Cicero,) to acknowledge that. Non nobis 
 solum nati sumus, sed partim patria, partim parentes, partim 
 amid vindicant. 
 
 For which cause I must approove of the indeavoures of my 
 Country men, that have bin studious to inlarge the territories of 
 his Majesties empire by planting Colonies in America. 
 
 And of all other I must applaude the judgement of those 
 that have made choise of this part (whereof 1 now treat) being 
 of all other most absolute, as I will make it appeare, hereafter 
 by way of paralell, among those that have setled themselves in 
 new England, some have gone for their conscience sake, (as 
 they professe,) & 1 wish that they may plant the Gospel of 
 lesus Christ: as becommeth them, sincerely and without satisme 
 
New English Canaan. 43 
 
 or faction, whatsoever their former or present practises are 
 (which I intend not to justifie, howsoever they have deserved 
 (in mine opinion) some commendationes, in that they have fur- 
 nished the Country, so commodiously in so short a time, al- 
 though it hath bin but for their ovvne profit, yet posterity will 
 taste the sweetnes of it and that very sodainly. 
 
 And since my taske in this part of mine abstract, is to intreat 
 of the naturall indowments, of the Country, I will make a 
 breife demonstration of them in order, severally, according to 
 their seveiall qualities : and shew you what they are, and what 
 profitable use may ba made of them by industry. 
 
 Chap. II. 
 
 What tr"cs are there and how commodious. 
 
 Akes are there of two sorts, white and redd, j ^^^^.^ 
 
 excellent tymber for the building, both of 
 bowses, and shipping : and they are found to be a tym- 
 ber, that is more tough then the oak of England. They are 
 excellent for pipe-staves and such like vessels ; and pipe-staves 
 at the Canary Hands are a prime commodity, 1 have knowne 
 them there at 35. p. the 1000, and will purchase a fraight of 
 wines there before any commodity in England, their onely wood 
 being pine, of which they are enforced, also to build shippino-e; 
 of oackes there is great abundance in the parts of New Eng- 
 land, and they may have a prime place in the Catalogue of 
 commodities. 
 
 Ashe there is store and very good for staves, 
 oares or pipes, and may have a place in the same 
 Catalogue. 
 
 Elme : of this sort of trees, there are some ; but 
 there hath not as yet bin found any quantity to 
 speake of. 
 
 Beech there is of two sorts, redd and white ^ ^^^j^ 
 
 very excellent for trenchers, or chaires and also for 
 oares and may be accompted for a commodity. 
 
 Wallnutt, of this sorte of wood there is infinite j wainutt 
 store and there are 4 sorts, it is an excellent wood, 
 for many uses approoved, the younger trees are imployed for 
 hoopes, and are the best for that imployement of all other stuffe 
 whatsoever, the Nutts serve when they fall to feede our swine, 
 
44 New English Canaan. 
 
 which make them the delicatest bacon of all other foode, and is 
 therein a cheife commodity. 
 
 Chestnutt, of this sorte there is very greate 
 pleiuy ; the tymber whereof is excellent for build- 
 ding and is a very good commodity, especially in respect of the 
 fruit, both for man and beast. 
 
 Pine, of this sorte there is infinite store in some 
 parts of the Country. I have travelled 10. miles 
 too-ether, where is little, or no other wood growing. And of 
 these may be made rosin, pitch, and tarre, which are such use- 
 full commodities, that if wee had them not from other Coun- 
 tries in Amity with England, our Navigation w^ould decline. 
 Tlien liow great the commodity of it will be to our Nation, to 
 have it of our owne, let any man judge. 
 
 Cedar, of this sorte there is abundaunce ; and 
 this wood was such as Salomon used for the build- 
 ing of that glorious Temple at Hierusalem, and there are of 
 these Cedars, firre trees, and other materialls necessary for the 
 building of many fliire Temples, if there were any Salomons to 
 be at the Cost of them, and if any man be desirous to fmde 
 out in what part of the Country the best Cedars are, he must 
 get into the bottom grounds, and in vallies that are wet at the 
 spring of the yeare, u-here the moisture preserves them from 
 the fire in spring time and not in a wooden prospect, This wood 
 cutts red, and is good for bedsteads tables and chests, and may 
 be placed in the Catalogue of Commodities. 
 
 Cypres, of this there is great plenty, and vul- 
 garly this tree hath bin taken, for another sort of 
 Cedar; but workemen put a difference betweene this Cypres, 
 and the Cedar, especially in the colour; for this is white and 
 that redd white and likewise in the finenes of the leafe and the 
 smoothnes of the barque. This wood is also sweeter then 
 Cedar and (as it is in Garrets herball) a more bewtifull tree ; it 
 is of all other to my minde, most bewtifull, and cannot be denied 
 to passe for a commodity. 
 
 Spruce, of these there are infinite store, espe- 
 10. spruce. ^j^jjy -j^ ^j^g Northerne parts of the Country ; and 
 they have bin approoved by workemen in England, to be more 
 tough, then those that they have out of the east country : from 
 whence wee have them for masts and yards of shippes. 
 
 The Spruce of this country are found to be 3. 
 
 "country arf^^'* and 4. fadum about : and are reputed able single, 
 
 ■£dllm a4ouiy* *" ^^ Hjake masts for the biggest ship, that sayles on 
 
 the maine Ocean, without peesing, which is more 
 
 than the East country can affords And seeing that Navigation 
 
JWjy English Can ami. 4/5 
 
 is the very sinneus of a flourishing Commonwealtli, it is fitting, 
 to allow the Spruce tree a principall place, in the Cataloiriie of 
 commodities. 
 
 Alder, of this sorte there is plenty by rivers sides ^^ ^^^^^^ 
 good for turners. 
 
 Birch, of this there is plenty in divers parts of ^^ £„.,/, 
 the Country. Of the barck of these the Salvages 
 of the Northerne parts make them delicate Canovves, so light, 
 that two men will transport one of them over Land whether 
 they list, and one of them will transporte tenne or twelve Sal- 
 vages by water at a time. 
 
 Mayple, of those trees there is greate abundance ^^ ^^ 
 and these are very excellent, for bowles. The In- 
 dians use of it to that purpose, and is to be accompted a good 
 commodity. 
 
 Elderne, there is plenty in that Country, of this ^^ EUemf 
 The Salvages make their Arrowes, and it hath no 
 strong unsavery sent like our Eldern in England. 
 
 Hawthorne, of this there is two sorts, one of ^^ Ha,vthoruf 
 which heares a well tasting berry, as bigg as ones 
 thumbe, and lookes like little Queene apples. 
 
 Vines, of this kinde of trees, there are that ,. ^ 
 beare grapes of three colours, that is to say : white 
 black, and red. 
 
 The Country is so apt for vines, that (but for the fire at 
 the spring of the yeare) the vines would so over spreade the 
 land, that one should not be able to passe for them, the fruit 
 is as bigg of some ; as a musket bullet, and is excellent in 
 taste. 
 
 Plumtrees, of this kinde there are many : some „ „. 
 that beare fruit as bigg as our ordinary bullis : others 
 there be, that doe beare fruite much bigger than peare plummes, 
 their colour redd, and their stones flat, very deiitious in taste. 
 
 Cheritrees, there are abundance, hut the fruit is ^^ cherrtet 
 as small as our sloes, but if any of them were re- 
 planted, &i grafted, in an orchard they would soone be raised by 
 meanes of such and the like fruits. 
 
 There is greate abundance of Muske Roses in ^^ ^^^^^ 
 divers places: the water distilled excelleth our 
 Rosewater of England. 
 
 There is abundance of Sassafras and Sarsaperilla, 
 growing in divers places of the land ; whose budds 2°; ''sartupn-i'lut. 
 at the spring doe perfume the aire. 
 
 Other trees there are not greatly maleriall to be recited in 
 this abstract, as goose berries, rasberies, and other beries. 
 
46 J^ew English Canaan. 
 
 There is Hempe that naturally growelh, finer then onr Hempe 
 of Entjland. 
 
 Chap. III. 
 
 Poitheaihes and other herhes for Sallets. 
 
 THe Country there naturally afFordeth very good pot- 
 herbes and sallet herbes and those of a more maskuline 
 vertue then any of the same species in England ; as 
 Potmarioram, Tyme, Alexander, Angellica, Purs- 
 potmnrioyam, land, Violets, and Anniseeds, in very great abun- 
 
 Tyme^Altwander, ' i /• i t i i • 
 
 Angellica, Furs- dauco : and ior the pott 1 gathered m summer, 
 
 land, Viulcta and j • i i i i i • i r 
 
 Anniteed^. dried and crumbled mto a bagg to preserve lor 
 
 winter store. 
 
 Hunnisuckles, balme, and divers other good 
 and"Baime^' hcrbes are there, that grow without the industry of 
 
 man, that are used when occasion serveth very 
 commodiously. 
 
 Chap. IV. 
 
 Of Birds, and fcthei ed fowles. 
 
 N^Ow that 1 have breifly shewed the Commodity of the 
 trees, herbes, and fruits, I will shew you a description 
 of the fowles of the aire, as most proper in ordinary 
 course. 
 
 And first of the Swanne, because she is the big- 
 gest of all the fowles of that Country. There are 
 of them in Merrimack River, and in other parts of the coun- 
 try, greate store at the seasons of the yeare. 
 
 The flesh is not much desired of the inhabitants, but the 
 skinnes may be accompted a commodity, fitt for divers uses, 
 both for felhers, and quiles. 
 
 There are Gesse of three sorts vize brant Geese, 
 
 whiu^wdgray. vvhich are pide, and white Geese which are bigger, 
 
 and gray Geese which are as bigg and bigger then 
 
 the tame Geese of England, with black legges, black bills, 
 
 heads, and necks black ; the flesh farre more excellent, then the 
 
Nciv EnoJlsh Canaan. 47 
 
 \~5 
 
 Geese of England, wild or lame, yet the purity of the aire is 
 such, that the biggest is accompted but an indifferent meale for 
 a couple of men. There is of them great abundance. I have 
 had often 1000. before the mouth of my gunne, 1 never saw 
 any in England for my part so fatt, as 1 have killed there in 
 those parts, the feihers of them makes a bedd, softer then any 
 down bed that I have lyen on : and is there a very good com- 
 modity, the fethers of the Geese that 1 have killed 
 in a short time, have paid for all the powther and fJ^aierwuiJZ 
 shott, I have spent in a yeare, and I have fed my 
 doggs with as fatt Geese there, as I have euer fed upon my 
 selfe in England. 
 
 Ducks, there are of three kindes, pide Ducks, 
 gray Ducks, and black Ducks in greate abundance : a/^ul'iack^'^'^''^* 
 the most about my habitation were black Ducks : 
 and it was a noted Custome at my howse, to have every mans 
 Duck upon a trencher, and then you will thinke a man was not 
 hardly used, they are bigger boddied, then the tame Ducks of 
 England : very fatt and dainty flesh. 
 
 The common doggs fees were the gibletts, unlesse they were 
 boy led now and than for to make broath. 
 
 Teales, there are of two sorts greene winged, and 
 blew winged: but a dainty bird, 1 have bin much Jn^'binfr^ 
 delighted with a rost of these for a second course, 
 I had plenty in the rivers and ponds about my howse. 
 
 Widggens there are, and abundance of other 
 water foule, some such as 1 have seene, and such 
 as I have not seene else where, before I came into those parts, 
 which are little regarded. 
 
 Simpes, there are like our Simpes in all respects, 
 with very litle difference. I have shot at them 
 onely, to see what difference I could finde betweene them 
 and those of my native Country, and more I did not regard 
 them. 
 
 Sanderlings are dainty bird, more full bodied c„wr/; 
 than a Snipe, and I was much delighted to feede 
 on them, because they were fait, and easie to come by, because 
 I went but a slepp or to for them : and 1 have killed betweene 
 foure and five dozen at a shoot which would loade me home. 
 
 Their foode is at ebbing water on the sands, of small seeds, 
 that grows on weeds there, and are very good pastime in 
 August. 
 
 Cranes, there are greate store, that ever more ^^^^^ 
 came there at S. Davids day, and not before : that 
 day they never would misse. 
 
48 New English Canaan. 
 
 These soinelinies eate our corne, and doe pay for their pre- 
 sumption well enough ; and serveth there in powther, with tur- 
 nips to supply the place of powthered beefe, and is a goodly 
 bird in a dishe, and no discommodity. 
 
 Turkies there are, which divers times in great 
 
 flocks have sallied by our doores ; and then a 
 
 gunne (being commonly in a redinesse,) salutes them with such 
 
 a courtesie, as makes them take a turne in the Cooke roome. 
 
 They daunce by the doore so well. 
 
 Of these there hath bin killed, that have weighed forty eight 
 pound a peece. 
 
 They are by mainy degrees sweeter then the tame Turkies 
 of England, feede them how you can. 
 
 1 had a Salvage who hath taken out his boy in a mornings 
 and they have brought home their loades about noone. 
 
 I have asked them what number they found in the wood<?, 
 who have answered Neent Metawna, which is a thousand that 
 day ; the plenty of them is such in those parts. They are 
 easily killed at rooste, because the one being killed, the other 
 sit fast neverthelesse, and this is no bad commodity. 
 „. . , There are a kinde of fowles which are common- 
 
 lycaileci rheisants, but whether they be pheysants 
 or no, I wiJl not take upon mee, to determine. They are in 
 forme like our pheisant henne of England. Both the male and 
 the female are alike ; but they are rough footed : and have 
 stareing fethers about the head and neck, the bodv is as bigg as 
 the phevsant henne of England ; and are excellent white flesh, 
 and delicate white meate, yet we seldome bestowe a shoote at 
 them. 
 
 Partridges, tliere are much, like our Partridges of 
 partridgei bigger England, they are of the same plumes, but bio^crer 
 
 in bodii ru t.'.osc . . . rpi i i '• /• i i "^ 
 
 of England. \x\ body. 1 hey have not the signe of the liorse- 
 shoe on the brest as the Partridges of England ; nor 
 are they coloured about the heads as those are ; they sit on the 
 trees. For I have seene 40. in one tree at a time: yet at night 
 they fell on the ground, and sit until morning so together; and 
 are dainty flesh. 
 
 There are quailes also, but bigger then the 
 
 ^o^j'^fff^oZ '"n quailes in England. They take trees also: fori 
 
 England. havc numbered 60. upon a tree at a time. The 
 
 cocks doe call at the time of the yeare, but wilh a 
 
 different note from the cock quailes of England. 
 
 The Larkes there, are like our Larkes of Eng- 
 The Laikej rng ^^^^ -^^ g|| ^espects : sEuing that they do not »se to 
 sins at all. 
 
Npao English Canaan, 49 
 
 There are Owles of divers kindes : but 1 did owies. 
 
 never lieare any of them whop as ours doe. 
 
 There are Crowes, kights and rooks that doe JA? ow" *"'<■/' 
 
 differ in some respects from those of Eneland. Ihe '" n'mtner, but 
 
 A-i / 1 • 1 T 1 1 1 • 1 1 111 1'Ot in Winter. 
 
 Crowes (which 1 have much admired, what should 
 
 be the cause) both smell and taste of Muske in summer, but not 
 
 in winter. 
 
 There are Hawkes in New England of 5. sorts, mvUcs of fve 
 and these of all other fether fowles I must not '"'"''■ 
 omitt, to speake of, nor neede I to make any Apology for 
 my selfe, concerning any trespass, that I am like to make upon 
 my judgement, concerning the nature of them, having bin bred 
 in so genious a way, that I had the common use of them in 
 England: and at my first arrival] in those parts practised to 
 take a Lannaret, which I reclaimed, trained, and 
 
 I n • • <• • 1 1 1 • • ■'^ Lanneret. 
 
 made nying in a lortnight, the same being a passin- 
 ger at Michuelmas. I found that these are most excellent 
 Slettell, rank winged, well conditioned, and not tickleish footed, 
 and having whoods, bels, luers, and all things fitting, was desir- 
 ous to make experiment of that kinde of Hawke, before any 
 other. 
 
 And I am perswaded : that Nature hath ordained them to be 
 of a farre better kinde, then any that have bin used in Eng- 
 land. They have neither dorre, nor worm to feed upon (as in 
 otlier parts of the world) the Country affording none, the use 
 whereof in other parts, ip.akes the Lannars there more bussardly 
 then they be in New England. 
 
 There are likewise Fawcons, and tassell gentles, Fmvons. 
 
 admirable well shaped birds, and they will tower 
 up when they purpose to pray, and on a sodaine, when they 
 esspie their game, they will make such a cancellere, that one 
 would admire to behold them. Some there are more black, then 
 any that have bin used in England. 
 
 The Tassell gent, (but of the least size) is an ornament for 
 a person of estimation among the Indians to weare in the knot 
 of his lock, with the traine upright, the body dried and stretched 
 out. They take a great pride in the wearing of such an orna- 
 ment, and give to one of us (that shall kill them one for that 
 purpose) so much beaver as is worth three pounds sterling very 
 willingly. 
 
 These doe us but little trespas, because they pray on such 
 birds as are by the Sea side, and not on our Chickens, Gos- 
 hawkes there are, and Tassels. 
 
 The Tassels are short trussed bussards ; but the Gcshankt-s -.eeii 
 Goshawkes are well shaped, but they are small ; 
 7 
 
60 NcK Enf{fish Can nan, 
 
 some of white male, and some redd male. I liave seene one 
 wiili S. barres in the traine. These fall on our bigger poultry : 
 the lesser chicken. I thinke they scorne to make their pray of; 
 for commonly the Cocke goes to wrack. Of these I have seene 
 many, and if they come to trespasse me, 1 lay the law to them 
 with the gunne, and take them dammage fesant. 
 Marlins small There aro very many Marlins; some very small, 
 
 andgreate. gj^jj some SO large as is the Barbary Tassell. 
 
 I have often beheld these pretty birds, how they have 
 scoured after the black bird, which is a small sized ChofFe that 
 eateth the Indian maisze. 
 
 Sparhawkes there are also, the fairest, and best, 
 ^ *' shaped birds that 1 have ever beheld of thatkinde, 
 those that are litle, no use is made of any of them, neither are 
 they regarded, 1 onely tried conclusions with a Lannaret at first 
 comming ; and when I found, what was in that bird, 1 turned 
 him going : but for so much as 1 have observed of those birds, 
 they may be a fitt present for a prince ; and for goodnesse too 
 be preferred before the Barbary, or any other used in Christen- 
 dome, and especially the Lannars and Lannarets. 
 
 There is a curious bird to see to, called a hun- 
 i T'Ii!"Ji''a.''i ning bird, no bigger then a great Beetle ; tliat out 
 aTlharpaJanee- ^^ qucstion livcs upon the Bco, which he eateth 
 ukponit.andhis gnd catchcth amongst Flowers : For it is his Cus- 
 
 fethen like alike. t> 
 
 tome to irequent those places, r lowers nee cannot 
 feed upon by reason of his sharp bill, which is like the poynt of 
 a Spanish needle, but shorte. His fethers have a glasse like 
 silke, and as hee stirres, they show to be of a chaingable 
 coloure : and has bin, and is admired for shape coloure, and 
 
 size. 
 
 Chap. V . 
 
 Of the Beasts, of the f arrest. 
 
 NOw that 1 have made a rehearsall of the birds, and fe- 
 thered Fowles, which participate most of aire, I will 
 give you a description of the beasts, and shew you, 
 what beasts are bred in those parts, and what my experience 
 hath gathered, by observation of their kinde, and nature, I begin 
 with the most usefull and most beneficiall beast, which is bredd 
 in those parts, which is the Deare. 
 
New Englisk Canaan. 51 
 
 'rt 
 
 Tliere are in this Country, three kindes of Deares Dean 0/3. kimh. 
 of which there are greate plenty, and those ^re very 
 usefuil. 
 
 First, therefore I will speake of the Elke, which Mo^e or ,ed 
 the Salvages call a Mose : it is a very large Deare, 
 with a very faire head, and a hroade palme, like the palme of a 
 fallow Deares home, but much bigger, and is 6. footewide be- 
 tweene tlie tipps, which grow curbing downwards : Hee is of 
 the bignesse of a great horse. 
 
 There have bin of them, seene that has bin 18. Moscortieare 
 handfuUs highe : hee hath a bunch of haire under a«w, tht hdght 
 
 hi . ^ . /. 1 11 of thtm 18. Uaiifi 
 
 is jawes : bee is not swiite, but stronge and large juiu-s. 
 
 in body, and longe legged ; in somuch that hee doth 
 
 use to kneele, when hee feedeth on grasse. 
 
 Hee brinireth forth three faunes, or youn^e one?. They brmge forth 
 
 ° , , . , 111 J "^'■«' t'ouiun at 
 
 at a time; and being made tame, would be good onetime. 
 for draught, and more usefuil (by reason of their 
 strength) then the Elke of Raushea. These are found very 
 frequent, in the noriherne parts of New England, their flesh 
 is very good foode, and much better then our redd Deare of 
 England. 
 
 Their bids are by the Salvages converted into J'll^/'of'the-ne» 
 very good lether, and dressed as white as milke. "/Deare. 
 
 Of this lether, the Salvages make the best shooes, and use 
 to barter away the skinnes to other Salvages, that have none of 
 that kinde of bests in the parts where they live. Very good 
 buffe may be made of the bids, I have seene a hide as large as 
 any horse hide tiiat can be found. There is such abundance of 
 them that the Salvages, at hunting time, have killed of them so 
 many, that they have bestowed six or seaven at a time, upon 
 one English man whome they have borne affection to. 
 
 There is a second sort of Deare (lesse then the Tkemuiung 
 redd Deare of Endand, but much bigger then the Deare or jaiiow 
 English fallow Deare) swift of foote, but of a more 
 darke coloure ; with some griseld heares. When his coate is 
 full grovvne in the summer season, his homes grow curving, 
 with a croked beame, resembling our redd Deare, not with a 
 palme like the fallow Deare. 
 
 These bringe 3. fawnes at a time, spotted like our fallow Deares 
 fawnes ; the Salvages say, foure, I speake of what I know to be 
 true ; for I have killed, in February a doe with three fawnes i;i 
 her belly, all beared, and ready to fall ; for these Deare fall their 
 fawnes, 2. moneths sooner; tlien the fallow Deare of England. 
 There is such abundance of them, that an hundred have bin 
 found at the spring of the yeare, within the compasse of a iniie. 
 
52 New Engli^li Co.naiui. 
 
 Trappcs to catcu Tlic Sulvagcs take these in trappcs made, of 
 tic Dcuie. iiieii- naturall Hempe, which they place in the 
 
 earth ; where they fell a tree for browse, and when hee rounds 
 the tree for the browse, if hee tread on the trapp, hee is 
 horsed up by the legg, by meanes of a pole that starts up and 
 catcheth him. 
 
 Their hides the Saluages use for cloathing, and will give for 
 one hide killed in season 2. 3. or 4. beaver skinnes, which will 
 yeild pounds a peece in that Country : so much is the Deares 
 hide prised with them above the beaver. I have made good 
 merchandize of these, the fiesh is farre sweeter then the veni- 
 son of England : and hee feedeth fatt and leane together as a 
 swine, or mutton, where as our Deare of England feede fatt on 
 the out side, they doe not croake at rutting time, nor spendle 
 shafte, nor is their flesh discoloured at rutting. Hee tliat will im- 
 pale ground fitting, may be brought once in the yeare, wherewith 
 bats and men hee may take so many to put into that parke, as 
 the hides will pay the cliardge of impaleinge, If all these things 
 be well considered, the Deare, as well as the Mose, may have a 
 principall place in the catalogue of commodities. 
 
 I for my part may be bould to tell you, that my bowse, was 
 
 not without the flesh of this sort of Deare win- 
 Th^(he^%^.^'"'^ '■^'^" "°^' summer, the humbles was ever my dogges 
 
 fee, which by the wesell, was hanged on the barre 
 in the chimney, for his diet only : for hee has brought to my 
 stand a brace in a morning, one after the other before sunne 
 rising, which I have killed. 
 
 There is likewise a third sorte of deare, lesse 
 Rmne'^Dtarr. ^'^^*^ ^^^^ Other, (wliich are a kinde of rayne deare) 
 
 to the southward of all the English plantations, 
 they are excellent good flesh. And these also bring three 
 fawnes at a time, and in this particular the Deare of those parts, 
 excell all the knowne Deare of the whole world. 
 
 On all these the Wolfes doe pray continually the 
 o'nDem-e"^"^' ^^^^ meaucs they have (to escape the wolfes is by 
 
 swimming to Islands, or necks of land, whereby 
 they escape : for the wolfe will not presume to follow them, 
 until! they see them over a river; then being landed, (they 
 wayting on the shore) undertake the water, and so follow with 
 fresh suite. 
 
 The next in mine opinion fit to be spoken of, is 
 
 the Beaver; which is a Beast ordained, for land 
 and water both, and Jiath fore feete like a cunny, her hinder 
 feete like a goese, mouthed like a cunny, but short eared like a 
 Serat, fishe in summer, and wood in winter, which hee con- 
 
A'^ew English Canaan. 53 
 
 veyes to his hovvse built on the water, wlierein hec silts with his 
 tayle hanging in the water, which else would over heate and 
 rot off. 
 
 Hee cuts the bodies of trees downe with the fore- t/w Beavers cut 
 teeth, which are so long as a boares tuskes, &i uith Au/ifrcuct/t^''' 
 the help of other beavers (which held by each 
 others tayles like a teeme of horses) the hind most with the 
 legg on his shoulder stayed by one of his fore feete against his 
 liead) they draw the logg to the habitation appoynted, placing 
 the loggs in a square, and so by pyling one uppon another, 
 they build up a howse, which with boghes is covered very 
 strongly, and jilaced in some pond to which they make a damme 
 of brush wood like a hedge : so stronge, that 1 have gone on 
 the top of it crosse the current of that pond. The flesh of 
 this beast is excellent foode. The fleece is a very choise furre, 
 which (before the Salvages had commerce with Christians) they 
 burned of the tayle, this beast is of a masculine vertue for the 
 advancement of Priapus : and is preserved for a dish for the 
 Sachems, or Sagamores : who are the princes of the people but 
 not Kings (as is fondly supposed.) 
 
 The skinnes are the best marchantable commo- Beaven at lo. 
 dity, that can be found, to cause ready money to ^"■"J""""'- 
 be brought into the land, now that they are raised to 10. shil- 
 lings a pound. 
 
 A servant of mine in 5. yeares, was thought I'Kfiveyearesone 
 !o have a 1000. p. in ready gold gotten by 1000//I 'iirgol'd 
 beaver when hee dyed ; wdiatsoever became of it. ^" ' 
 And this beast may challenge preheminence in the Cata- 
 logue. 
 
 The Otter of those parts, in winter season, hath The otter in -win- 
 a furre so black as jett, and is a furre of very highe black as letW'^' 
 })rice : a good black skinne is worth 3. or 4. Angels 
 of gold. The Flesh is eaten by the Salvages: but hoAV good 
 it is I cannot shew, because it is not eaten by our Nation. Yet 
 is this a beast, that ought to be placed in the number amongst 
 the Commodities of the Country. 
 
 The Luseran, or Luseret, is a beast like a Catt : but ti'e Lmeran as 
 so bigg as a great hound : with a tayle shorter then '^'■^'^'^ 
 a Catt. His clawes are like a Catts, Hee will make a pray of 
 the Deare. His Flesh is dainty meat, like a lambe : his hide is 
 a choise furre, and accompted a good commodity. 
 
 The Martin is a beast about the bignes, of a Foxe. The Martin is 
 His furre is chestnutt coloure, and of those there <j"aFo'x. '^""" 
 are greate store in the Northerne parts of the Coun- 
 try, and is a good commodity. 
 
54 Ntw English Canaan. 
 
 The Racowne is a beast as bigg, full out, as a 
 Foxe, with a Busbtayle. His Flesh excellent 
 foode : his oyle precious for the Syattica, his fane course, but 
 the skinnes serve the Salvages for coats : and is with those peo- 
 ple of more esteeme, then a coate of beaver, because of the 
 tayles that (hanging round in their order) doe adorne the gar- 
 ment, and is therefore so much esteemed of them. His fore- 
 feete are like the feeie of an ape ; and by the print thereof, in 
 the time of snow, he is followed to his hole, which is commonly 
 in a hollow tree, from whence hee is fiered out, and so taken. 
 
 The Foxes are of two coloures : the one redd, 
 TheFu.ves red ^j^g other &x?i\ , ihcsc feedc on fish: and are oood 
 
 ana gray. g j ^ ^ - & 
 
 furre, they doe not stinke, as the Foxes of Eng- 
 land, but their condition for their pray, is as the Foxes of 
 England. 
 
 The Wolfes are of divers coloures : some sandy 
 vcrseViouriJ'' colourcd : some griselled, and some black, their 
 
 foode is fish which they catch, when they passe up . 
 the rivers, into the ponds to spawne, at the spring time. The 
 Deare are also their pray, and at summer, when they have 
 whelpes, the bitch will fetch a puppy dogg from our dores, to 
 feede their whtlpes with. They are fearefull Curres, and will 
 runne away from a man (that meeteth them by chaunce at a 
 banke end) as fast as any ferefull dogge. These pray upon the 
 Deare very much. The skinnes are used by the Salvages, 
 especially the skinne of the black wolfe, which is esteemed a 
 present for a prince there. 
 
 When there ariselh any difference betweene 
 ^ The skin of n princc, and prince, the prince that desires to be 
 
 black xvol/c a pre- I ' '.'.,'. 
 
 sent fur a prince. I'econciled to his ueighbourmg prince does endea- 
 vour to purchase it, by sending him a black wolfes 
 skinne for a present, and the acceptance of such a present is 
 an assurance of reconciliation betweene them ; and the Salva- 
 ges will willingly give 40. beaver skinnes for the purchase of 
 one of these black Wolfes skinnes : and allthough the beast 
 himself be a discommodity, which other Countries of Christen- 
 dome are subject unto, yet is the skinne of the black wolfe 
 worthy, the title of a commodity, in that respect that hath bin 
 declared. 
 
 If I should not speake something of the beare, 
 a&afd^f'aman. I might happily Icave a scruple, in the mindes of 
 some effeminate persone who conceaved of more 
 dalnger in them, then there Is cause. Therefore to Incourage 
 them against all Feare, and Fortifie their mindes against needles 
 danger, I will relate what experience hath taught mee ; con- 
 
Ntw English Canaan. 55 
 
 cerning them, tliey are beasts that doe no harine in those parts : 
 they feede upon Hurtleburies, Nuts, and Fish, especially shell- 
 fish. 
 
 The Beare is a tyrant at a Lobster, and at low water will 
 downe to the Rocks, and groape after them with great diligence. 
 
 Hee will runne away from a man as fast as a 
 litle dogge, If a couple of Salvages chaunce to es- 7,1'^ ateTrflhnie 
 pie him at his banquet, his running away, will not aJ!d kuf hfm^"^^ 
 serve his turne, for they will coate him, and chase 
 him betweene them home to theire bowses, where they kill 
 him, to save a laboure in carrying him farre. His Flesh is 
 esteemed venison, and of a better taste then beefe. 
 
 His hide is used by the Salvages, for garments, and is more 
 commodious then discommodious, as may passe (with some 
 allowance) with the rest. 
 
 The Muskewashe, is a beast that frequenteth Muskewa*he. 
 the ponds. What hee eats 1 cannot finde. Hee is but a 
 small beast, lesse then a Cunny, and is indeede in those parts 
 no other then a water Ratte, for I have scene the suckers of 
 them digged out of a banke ; and at that age, they neither dif- 
 fered in shape coloure, nor size, from one of our greate Ratts. 
 When hee is ould, hee is of the Beavers coloure ; and hath 
 passed in waite with our Chapmen for Beaver. 
 
 The Male of them have stones, which the Salvages in un 
 caseing of them, leave to the skinne, which is a most delicate 
 perfume, and may compare with any perfume that I know for 
 goodnesse ; Then may not this be excluded the Catalogue. 
 
 This Country, in the North parts thereof, hath 
 many Porcupines, but I doe not finde, the beast 
 any way usefull or hurtfull. 
 
 There are in those Northerne parts many Hedge- Hedghoggt. 
 hoggs, of the like nature, to our English Hedghoggs. 
 
 Here are greate store of Conyes in those parts, conyes of tevc- 
 of divers coloures ; some white, some black, and 
 some gray. Those towards the Southerne parts are very small, 
 but those to the North are as big as the English Cony : their 
 eares are very short. For meate the small rabbit is as good as 
 any that I have eaten of else where. 
 
 There are Squirils of three sorts, very different squiriit ef tnrt» 
 in shape and condition ; and is gray, and hee is as 
 bigg as the lesser Cony, and keepeth the woods feeding, upon 
 nutts. 
 
 Another is red, and hee haunts our bowses, and will rob us 
 of our Come, but the Catt many times, payes him the price of 
 his presumption. 
 
56 J^^civ English Canaan. 
 
 A Flying squ«- The tliirtl is a little flying Squirill, with bat like 
 ""■ winges, which hee spreads when hee junipes from 
 
 tree to tree, and does no liarme. 
 
 Now because I am upon a treaty of the beasts, 
 I will place this creature the snake amon<ist the 
 beasts, having my warrant from the holy Bible ; who (though 
 his posture in his passage be so different from all other, being 
 of a more subtile and aidry nature, that hee can make his way 
 without feete, and lifte himselfe above the superficies of the 
 earth, as hee glids along.) 
 
 Yet may hee not bee ranked with any, but the beasts, not- 
 withstanding hee frequents the water, as well as the land. 
 
 There are of Snakes divers, and of severall kindes, as be 
 with us in England, but that Country hath not so many, as in 
 England have bin knowne. 
 
 The generall Salvage name of them is Ascowke. 
 
 There is one creeping beast or longe creeple (as 
 
 The rdttle Siidkcs^ . . i o o i \ 
 
 the name is in Devonshire,) that hath a rattle at 
 his tayle, that does discover his age ; for so many yeares as hee 
 hath lived, so many joynts are in that rattle, which soundeth 
 (when it is in motion,) like pease in a bladder, and this beast is 
 called a rattle Snake ; but the Salvages give him the name of 
 Sesick ; which some take to be the Adder ; and it may well be 
 so; for the Salvages are significiant in their denomination of 
 any thing) and is no lesse hurtfuU than the Adder of England, 
 nor no more. I have had my dogge vencmed with troubling 
 one of these ; and so swelled, that 1 had thought it would have 
 bin his death : but with one Saucer of Salet oyle powred 
 downe his throat, he has recovered, and the swelling asswaged 
 by the next day. The like expeiiment hath bin made upon a 
 boy that hath by chaunce troad upon one of these, and the boy 
 never the worse. Therefore it is simplicity in any one that 
 shall tell a bugbeare tale of horrible, or terrible Serpents that 
 are in that land. 
 
 Mise there are good store, and my Lady Wood- 
 bees black gray malkin may have pastime enough 
 there : but for Rats, the Country by Nature is troubled with 
 none. 
 
 Lyons aMe. in Lyous there are none in New England: it is 
 
 rfco^id""''^' '"" contrary to the Nature of the beast, to frequent 
 
 ])laces accustomed to snow ; being like the Catt, 
 
 that will hazard the burning of her tayle rather 
 
 than abide from the fire, 
 
New Enahsh Canaan. ;i7 
 
 •i! 
 
 Chap. VI. 
 
 Of Stones and Minerals. 
 
 NOvv (for as much as I have in a breife abstract shewed 
 you the Creatures : whose specificall Natures doe sini- 
 pathise with the elements of fire and aire) I will come 
 to speake of the Creatures that participate of earth more then 
 the other two, which is stones. 
 
 And first of the Marble for building ; whereof MnrOie. 
 
 there is much in those parts, in so much there is 
 one bay in the land, that beaieth the name of Marble harber, 
 because of the plenty of ]\Iarble there: and these are usefull 
 for building of Sumpteous Pallaces. 
 
 And because, no good building can be made per- umestunc. 
 
 manent, or durable, without Lime : I will let you 
 understand that there is good Limestone neere to the river of 
 Monatoquinte at uttaquatockto my knowledge and we hope 
 other places too, (that [ have not taken so much notice of) may 
 have the like, or better : and those stones are very convenient 
 for building. 
 
 Chalke stones there are neere Squantos Chap- chnik. 
 
 pell shewed me by a Salvage. 
 
 There is abundance of excellent Slate in divers shte. 
 
 places of the Country : and the best that ever I 
 beheld for cov-ering of bowses : and the inhabitants have made 
 ffood use of these materials for buildmg. 
 
 There is a very usefull Stone in the Land, and ivhctstvnes. 
 as yet there is found out but one place where they 
 may be had, in the whole Country, Ould Woodman, (that was 
 choaked at Plimmouth after hee had played the unhappy 
 Markes man when hee was pursued by a carelesse fellow that 
 was new come into the Land) they say laboured to get a patent 
 of it to himselfe. Hee was beloved of many, and had many 
 sonnes, that had a minde to engrosse that commodity. And I 
 cannot spie any mention made of it in the woodden prospect. 
 
 Therefore 1 begin to suspect his aime ; that it was for him- 
 selfe, and therefore will I not discover it, it is the Stone so much 
 commended by Ovid, because love delighteth to make his habi- 
 tation in a building of those materials, where hee advises. 
 Those that seeke for love to doe it, Duris in Cotihis ilium. 
 
 This stone the Salvages doe call Cos, and of these (on the 
 
 8 
 
58 New English Canaan. 
 
 North end of Richnionrl Island) are store, and those are very 
 excellent good lor edg'd tooles : 1 envy not his happinesse. I 
 have bin there : viewed the place, liked the commodity : but 
 will not plant so Nortlierly for that, nor any other commodity 
 that is there to be had. 
 
 There are Loadstones also in the Northerns parts 
 of the land : and those which were found are very 
 good, and are a commodity worth the noteing. 
 
 Iron stones there are abundance : and several! sorts 
 
 Iionstoites. „ , 
 
 01 them knowne. 
 
 Lead ore is there likewise, and hath bin found by 
 the breaking of the earth, which Frost hath made 
 mellow. 
 „, , , ^ Black Leade I have likewise found very good, 
 
 Black Lead. ■ • , , o i • ^ ■ c ^ -y 
 
 wnich the salvages use to pamt their laces with. 
 Read Lead. Red Leade is there likewise in great abundance. 
 Boll. There is very excellent Boll Armoniack. 
 
 .^ There is most excellent Vermilion. All these 
 
 things the Salvages make some litle use of, and 
 doe finde them on the circumference of the Earth. 
 Brinutone. Brimstonc mines there are likewise. 
 
 ^. Mines of Tinne, are likewise knowne to be in 
 
 those parts : which will in short time be made use 
 of: and this cannot be accompted a meane commodity. 
 
 Copper mines jne there found likewise : that will 
 
 enrich the Inhabitants. But untill theire younge 
 Cattell, be growne hardy labourers in the yoake, that the Plough 
 and the Wheate may be scene more plentifully, it is a worke 
 must be forborne. 
 
 They say there is a Silver, and a gold mine found 
 
 by Captaine Littleworth : if hee get a patent of it 
 to himselfe, hee will surely change his name. 
 
 Chap. VII. 
 
 Of the Fishes, and what commodity they proove. 
 
 AMong Fishes First I will begin with the Codd, because it 
 is the most commodious of all fish, as may appeare, by 
 the use which is made of them in foraigne parts. 
 
 The Codd fishing is much used in America, 
 (whereof New England is a part) in so much as 
 300. Sayle of shipps, from divers parts, have used to be im 
 ployed yearely in that trade^ 
 
New En<(lish Canaan. 59 
 
 'ft 
 
 I have seene in one Harboure, next Riclunond is. s/,/ppt at one 
 Island 15. Sayle of shipps at one time, that have """'■^"' ^''^^• 
 taken in them, driyed Codds for Spaine, and the Straights (and 
 it has bin found that the Saylers have made 15. 18. 20. 22. p. 
 share for a common man. 
 
 The Coast aboundeth with such multitudes of Codd, that the 
 inhabitants of New England doe dunge their grounds with Codd ; 
 and it is a commodity better than the golden mines of the Span- 
 ish Indies; for without dried Codd the Spaniard, Portingal and 
 Italian, would not be able to vittell of a shipp for the Sea ; and 
 1 am sure at the Canaries it is the principall commodity : which 
 place lyeth neere New England very convenient, for the vend- 
 ing of this commodity, one hundred of these being at the price 
 of 300. of New found land Codds, greate store of 
 traine oyle, is mayd of the livers of the Codd, and /?{fir/"«/-^Aeffi 
 is a commodity that without question will enrich the 
 inhabitants of New England quickly ; and is therefore a princi- 
 pall commodity. 
 
 The Basse is an excellent Fish, both fresh and a wo Basse souia 
 Sake one hundred whereof salted (at a market) '^' 
 have yielded 5. p. They are so large, the head of one will 
 give a good eater a dinner, and for daintinesse of diet, they 
 excell the Marybones of Beefe. There are such multi- 
 tudes, that I have seene stopped into the river close adjoyning 
 to my howse with a sand at one tide, so many as will loade a 
 ship of a 100. Tonnes. 
 
 Other places have greater quantities in so much, as wagers 
 have bin layed, that one should not throw a stone in the water, 
 but that hee should hit a fish. 
 
 I my selfe, at the turning of the tyde, have seene such multi- 
 tudes passe out of a pound, that it seemed to mee, that one 
 mio;ht goe over their backs drishod. 
 
 These follow the bayte up the rivers, and sometimes are fol- 
 lowed for bayte and chased into the bayes, and shallow waters, 
 by the grand pise : and these may have also a prime place in 
 the Catalogue of Commodities. 
 
 The Mackarels are the baite for the Basse, and Mackareiiare 
 these have bin chased into the shallow waters, where "' '"'^' 
 so many thousands have shott themselves a shore with the 
 surfe of the Sea, that whole hogges-heads have bin taken 
 up on the Sands ; and for length they excell any of other 
 parts: they have bin measured 18. and 19. inches in length 
 and seaven in breadth : and are taken with a drayle, (as boats 
 use to passe to and froe at Sea on businesse) in very greate 
 quantities all along the Coaste. 
 
60 jSciv English Canaan. 
 
 Tlie Fish is yood, salted ; for store against the winter, as well 
 as fresh, and to be accounted a good Coinniodity. 
 
 This Sturgeon in England is regalis piscis. every 
 "'^^'' ' man in JN'ew England may catch what he will, 
 
 there are multitudes of them, and they are much fatter then 
 those that are brought into England from other parts, in so much 
 as by reason of their latnesse, they doe not looke white, but 
 yellow, whicli made a Cooke presume they were not so good 
 as them of Roushea : silly fellow that could tiot understand 
 that it is the nature of fish salted, or pickelled, the fatter the 
 yellower being best to preserve. 
 
 For the taste 1 have uanant of Ladies of worth, with choise 
 pallats for the commendations, who liked the taste so well, that 
 thev esteemed it beyond the Sturgeon of other parts, and sayd 
 they were deceaved in the lookes : therefore let the Sturgeon 
 passe for a Commodity. 
 
 Of Salmons there is greate abundance : and 
 these m.ay be allowed for a Comn;!odity, and placed 
 in the Catallogue, 
 
 Of Herrings, there is greate store, fat, and faire : 
 and (to my mmde) as good as any 1 have scene, 
 and these may be preserved, and made a good commodity at 
 the Canaries. 
 
 Oi' Eeles there is abundance, both in the Saltw'aters, and in 
 the fresh : and the fresh water Eele there (if 1 
 Eehl/''"'"'' ""^ may take the judgement of a London Fishmonger) 
 is the best that hee hath found in his life time. I 
 have with jieele potts found my howse hold, (being nine 
 persons, besides doggs) with them, taking them every tide, (for 
 4. moneths space,) and preserving of them for winter store : 
 and these may proove a good commodity. 
 
 Of Smelts there is such abundance, that the Sal- 
 vages doe take them up the rivers with baskets, 
 like sives. 
 
 There is a Fish, (by some called shadds, by 
 shndfis or Aiiizcs some allizes) that at the spring of the yeare, passe 
 
 taken to dun^e . / in j ^ r 
 
 ground. up the rivers to spaune m the ponds ; and are 
 
 taken in such multitudes in every river, that hath 
 a pond at the end, that the Inhabitants doung their ground with 
 them. You may see in one towneship a hundred acres toge- 
 ther, set with these Fish, every acre taking 1000. of them : 
 and an acre thus dressed will produce and yeald so much corne 
 as 3. acres without fish : and (least any Virginea man would 
 mferre hereupon, that the ground of New England is barren, 
 because they use no fish in setting their corne, I desire them to 
 
Neiv HiigVifih Canaan. 61 
 
 be remenibred, the cause is plaine in Virginea) they have it not 
 to sett. But this practise is onely for the Indian Maize (which 
 must be set by hands) not for EngHsh graine : and this is there- 
 fore a commodity there. 
 
 There is a hirge sized fish called Hallibut, or rmbut or 
 
 Turbut : some are taken so bigg that two men have 
 much a doe to hale them into the boate ; but there is such 
 plenty, that the fisher men onely eate the heads, and finnes, 
 and throw away the bodies : such in Paris would yeeld 5. or 6. 
 crownes a peece : and this is no discommodity. 
 
 There are excellent Plaice and easily taken. Fiake. 
 
 They (at flowing water) do almost come ashore, so 
 that one may stepp but halfe a foote deepe, and prick them up 
 on the sands: and this may passe with some allowance. 
 
 Hake is a dainty white fish, and excellent vittell uakps. 
 
 fresh ; and may passe with other commodities, because there 
 are multitudes. 
 
 There are greate store of Pilchers : at Michel- puckers. 
 
 mas, in many places, I have seene the Cormorants in length 3. 
 miles feedinge upon the Sent. 
 
 Lobsters are there infinite in store in all the parts Lobsters. 
 
 of the land, and very excellent. The most use 
 that I made of them, in 5. yeares after I came there was but 
 to baite my Hooke for to catch Basse, 1 had bin so cloyed with 
 them the first day 1 went a shore. 
 
 This being knowne, they shall passe for a commodity to the 
 inhabitants ; for the Salvages will meete 500, or 1000. at a 
 place where Lobsters come in with the tyde, to eate, and save 
 dried for store, abiding in that place, feasting and sporting a 
 moneth or 6. weekes together. 
 
 There are greate store of Oysters in the entrance oi/sters. 
 
 of all Rivers : they are not round as those of Eng- 
 land, but excellent flit, and all good. I have seene an Ovster 
 Jbanke a mile at length. 
 
 ^ Mustles there are infinite store, I have often gon Musties. 
 
 to Wassaguscus ; where were excellent Mustles to eate (for va- 
 riety) the fish is so fat and large. 
 
 Clames is a shellfish, which I have seene sold in ciames. 
 
 Westminister for 12. pe. the skore. These our 
 swine feede upon ; and of them there is no want, every shore 
 is full, it makes the swine proove exceedingly, they will not 
 faile at low water to be with them. The Salvages are much 
 taken with the delight of this fishe ; and are not cloyed (not- 
 withstanding the plenty) for our swine we finde it a good com- 
 modity. 
 
62 JVew English Canaan. 
 
 lituer j!.!h. Raser fishes there are. 
 
 „ , Freeles there are, Cockles, and Scal]oi)es, and 
 
 divers other sorts of Shellfishe, very good foode. 
 
 Now tliat I have shewed you what commodities are there to 
 be had in the Sea, for a Mari<et ; I will shew what is in the 
 Land also, for the comfort of the inhabitants, wherein it doth 
 abound. And because my taske is an abstract, I will discover 
 to them the commodity thereof. 
 
 There are in the rivers, and ponds, very excel- 
 Trfutsfanfics, '^nt Trouts, Carpes, Breames, Pikes, Roches, Per- 
 Kn^hr'f/pfrc/^cs chcs, Teuclies, Eclcs, and other fishes, such as 
 Tenches, and England doth afford, and as good, for variety ; yea 
 many of them much better ; and the Natives of the 
 inland parts, doe buy hookes of us, to catch them with, and I 
 have knowne the time, that a Trouts hooke hath yeelded a 
 beaver skinne, which hath bin a good commodity to tliose that 
 have bartered them away. 
 
 These things I ofier to your consideration (curteous Reader) 
 and require you to shew mee the like in any part of the knowne 
 world if you can. 
 
 Chap. V 1 1 S . 
 Of the goodnes of the Cuuntrij and the lValers» 
 
 Footle, and 
 Fire. 
 
 "^Ow since it is a Country so infinitely blest 
 with foode, and fire, to roast or boyle our 
 Flesh and Fish, why should any man feare 
 for cold there, in a Country warmer in the winter, than some 
 parts of France and neerer the Sunne : unles bee be one of 
 those that Salomon bids goe to the Ant and the Bee. 
 
 There is no boi^gy i^round, knowne in all the 
 
 Country, from whence the Sunne may exhale un- 
 
 wholsom vapors : But there are divers arematicall herbes, and 
 
 plants, as Sassafras, Muske, Roses, Violets, Balme, 
 
 n'it{"wcet'/w7bes. LawTcll, Hunnisuckles, and the like, that with their 
 
 vapors perfume the aire; and it has bin a tiling 
 
 much observed that, shipps have come from Virginea where 
 
 there have bin scarce five men able to hale a rope, untill they 
 
 have come within 40. Degrees of latitude, and smell the sweet 
 
 aire of the shore, where they have suddainly recovered. 
 
 „,„, And for the water, therein excelleth Canaan by 
 
 Of IVatcrs. ^ 
 
 much ; for the Land is so apt for Fountaines, a 
 man cannot digg amisse, therefore if the Abrahams and Lots 
 
New Enoliali Canuxm. 63 
 
 ft 
 
 of our times come thether, there needs be no contention for 
 wells. ^ 
 
 Besides there are waters of most excellent vertues, worthy 
 admiration. 
 
 At Ma-re-Mount, there was a water (by mee The cwe of wei- 
 discovered) that is most excellent for the cure of remou'iit." 
 Melancolly probatum. 
 
 At weenasemute is a water, the vertue whereof ne cure of Bai- 
 ls, to cure barrennesse. The place taketh his name 
 of that Fountaine which signifieth quick spring, or quickning 
 spring probatum. 
 
 Neere Squantos^Chappell (a place so by us call- '''""■'• procuring 
 ed) is a Fountaine, that causeth a dead sleepe for 
 48. howres, to those that drinke 24. ounces at a draught, 
 and so proportionably. The Salvages that are Fowahs at 
 set times use it, and reveale Strang things to the 
 vulgar people by meanes of it. So that in the de- „,,f"'^„^"f'°"« 
 licacy of waters, and the conveniency of them, fountaines. 
 Canaan came not neere this Country. 
 
 As for the Milke and Hony which that Canaan ^^'"^.^"J"' """y 
 flowed with, it is supplyed by the plenty of birds ; 
 beasts and Fish, whereof Canaan could not boast her selfe. 
 
 Yet never the lesse (since the Milke came a pimn paraieii 
 by the industry of the first Inhabitants,) let the '" ^"""""• 
 cattell^be'cherished that are at this time in New England, and 
 forborne but a litle, I will aske no long time ; no more, but 
 untill the Brethren have converted one Salvage, and made him 
 a good Christian, and I may be bold to say, Butter and cheese 
 will be cheaper there, then ever it was in Canaan. It is cheap- 
 er there then in old England at this present, for there are store 
 of Cowes ; considering the people : which (as my intelligence 
 gives) is 12000. persons, and in gods name let the people have 
 their desire, who writes to their freinds, to come out of Sodome, 
 to the land of Canaan, a land that flowes with Milke and 
 Hony. 
 
 And I appeale to any man of iudgement whether ne Request /or 
 
 . , r 1 ^ r \ ii • i ''^<" Nomination 
 
 it be not a Land, that tor her excellent indowments o/ Nnv canaan. 
 of Nature may passe for a plaine paralell to Canaan 
 of Israeli, being in a more temporal Climat, this being in 40. 
 Degrees and that in 30. 
 
ti-i. New English Canaan. 
 
 Chap. IX. 
 
 A Perspective to view the Country by. 
 
 A S for the Soyle, I may be bould to commend the fertility 
 
 /-% thereof, and preferre it before the Soyle of England, 
 
 (our Native Country) and I neede not to produce more 
 
 then one artrument for profle thereof, because it is 
 
 so intalhbJe. 
 
 Hempe is a thing by Husband men in generall 
 Tjemp'c".""'"'^ ageed upon, to prosper best, in the most fertile 
 Soyle : and experience hath taught this rule, that 
 Hempe seede prospers so well in New England, that it shewteth 
 up to be tenne foote high and tenne foote and a halfe, which is 
 twice so high as the ground in old England produce it, which 
 argues New England the more fertile of the two. 
 
 . ^ As for the aire, I will produce but one proffe for 
 
 the maintenance of the excellency thereof; which 
 is so generall, as I assure myselfe it will suffice. 
 
 No man living there; was ever knowne to be 
 Nocohi Cough troublcd with a cold, a cough, or a murre, but many 
 
 or mun I , ; o ? ? j 
 
 men comming sick out of Virginea to New Canaan, 
 have instantly recovered with the helpe of the purity of that 
 aire ; no man ever surfeited himselfe either by eating or drink- 
 ing. 
 
 As for the plenty of that Land, it is well knowne 
 
 ThfLama"-^ that no part of Asia, Affi-ica, or Europe; afford- 
 
 eth deare that doe bring forth any more then one 
 
 single faune ; and in New Canaan the Deare are accustomed to 
 
 bring forth 2. and .3. faunes at a time. 
 
 Besides there are such infinite flocks of Fowle, and Multi- 
 tudes of fish both in the fresh waters, and also on the Coast, 
 that the like hath not else where bin discovered by any traveller. 
 The windes there are not so violent as in Eng- 
 land ; which is prooved by the trees that grow in 
 the face of the winde by the Sea Coast, for there they doe not 
 lean from the winde as they doe in England, as we have heard 
 before. 
 
 The Raine is there more moderate then in 
 England, which thing I have noted in all the time 
 of my residence to be so. 
 
 The Coast is low Land, and not high Land : 
 
 X/ir Coast. , . 
 
 and hee is of a weake capacity that conceaveth 
 otherwise of it, because it cannot be denied, but that boats 
 
New English Canaan. 65 
 
 may come a ground in all places along the Coast, and especially 
 within the Compas of the Massachusets patent, where the pros- 
 pect is fixed. 
 
 The Harboures are not to be bettered, for safety, Harbowai. 
 and fjoodnesse of ground, for ancorage, and (which 
 is worthy observation ;) shipping will nottliere be furred, neither 
 are they subject to wormes, as in Virginea, and other places. 
 
 Let the Scituation also of the Country be consi- g^n^^fi^^ 
 dered (together with the rest, which is discovered 
 in the front of this abstract,) and then I hope no man will hold 
 this land unworthy to be intituled by the name of the second 
 Canaan. 
 
 And since the Seperatists, are desirous to have ^^^^ somhinthn. 
 the denomination thereof, I am become an humble 
 Suter on their behalfe for your consents (courteous Readers) to 
 it, before I doe shew you what Revels they have kept in JNew 
 Canaan. 
 
 Chap. X . 
 
 Of the Great Lake of F.rocoise in Nnv England, and 
 the commodities thereof. 
 
 "Eslwards from the Massachussets bay (which lyeth 
 in 42. Degrees and 30. IMinutes of IXorthern lati- 
 tude) is scituated a very spacious Lake (called of 
 the Natives the Lake of Erocoise) which is fane more excellent 
 then the Lake of Genezereth in the Country of Palestina, both 
 in respect of the greatnes and properties thereof; and likewise 
 of the manifould commodities it yealdeth : the circumference of 
 which Lake is reputed to be 240. miles at the least : and it is 
 distant from the Massachussets bay 300. miles, or there abouts; 
 wherein are very many faire Islands, where innumerable flocks 
 of severall sorts of Fowle doe breede, Swannes, fw/f /;inumera- 
 Geese, Ducks, Widgines, Teales, and other water *''"• 
 Fowle. 
 
 There are also more abundance of Beavers, Deare, and 
 Turkies breed about the part of that lake, then in any place in 
 all the Country of New England ; and also such 
 multitudes of fish, (which is a great part of the J^lf '"''^ '-^ 
 foode, that the Beavers live upon,) that it is a thing 
 to be admired at: So that about this Lake, is the 
 
 II 1 r I • • 1 1 M /"' 'The prime place 
 
 prmcipallst place lor a plantation m all i>ew i^a- „f sfw canaan. 
 naan, both for pleasure and proffit. 
 
 9 
 
6ij Neiv English Canaan. 
 
 Here may very many bra\ e Tovvnes unci Cilties he erecied 
 which may have intercourse one wilh anclher by water, very 
 comniodiously : ar.d it is of many men of good judgement, ac- 
 counted the prime seate for the Metropolis of New Canaan, 
 From this L>ake Northwards is derived the famous River of 
 Canada, (so named of Monsier de Cane a French 
 So mimeri of M;n. Lqi-jI thut first i)lanted a Colony of French in 
 
 siei lie Cant. ', ii j i\t -i-' • c 
 
 America, there called Nova r rancia, irom whence 
 Captaine Kerke of, late, by taking that plantation, brought home 
 in one shipp (as a Seaman of his Company, reported in my 
 liearing) 25000. Beaver skinnes. 
 
 And from tliis Lake Southwards, trends that goodly River 
 
 called of the Natives Patomack, wliich dischardg- 
 
 eth herselle m the parts oi V ngmea, irom whence 
 it is navigable by shi]>ping of great Burthen up to the Falls 
 (which lieth in 41. Degrees, and a halfe of North latitude :) 
 and from the Lake downe to the Falls by a faire current. This 
 River is navigable for vessels of good Buithen ; and thus much 
 hath often bin related by the Natives, and is of late found to be 
 certaine. 
 
 They have also made description of great beards 
 Great heards of of wcll grownc beasts, that live about the parts of 
 coZel!^^ '^^"^ this Lake, such as the Christian world (untill this 
 
 discovery) hath not bin acquainted with. These 
 beasts are of the bignesse of a Cowe, their Flesh being very 
 good foode, their hides good lether, their fleeces very useful!, 
 being a kinde of vvoUe, as fine almost as the wolle of the Bea- 
 ver, and the Salvages doe make garments thereof. 
 
 It is tenne yeares since first the relation of these things came 
 to the eares of the English : at which time wee were but slen- 
 der proficients in the language of the Natives, and they, (which 
 now have attained to more perfection of English, could not then 
 make us rightly apprehend their meaninge. 
 
 Wee supposed, when they spake of Beasts thereabouts as 
 high as men, they have made report of men all over hairy like 
 Beavers, in so much as we questioned them, whether they eate 
 of the Beavers, to which they replyed Matta, (noe) saying they 
 were almost Beavers Brothers. This relation at lliat time wee 
 concluded to be fruitles, which since, time hath made more 
 apparent. 
 
 About the parts of this Lake may be made a very greate 
 C/ommodity by the trade of furres, to inrich those that shall 
 plant there; a more compleat discovery of those parts: is (to 
 my knowleadge) undertaken by Henry Joseline Esquier sonne of 
 Sir Thomas loseline of Kent Knight, by the approbation and 
 
New English Canaan. 67 
 
 appointement of that Heroick and very good Common wealths 
 
 man Captaine lohn Mason Esquier, a true foster 
 
 Father and lover of vertue, (who at his owne ^y"-y leseiine 
 
 chardge) hath fitted Master loseline and imployed co've"^.'' 
 
 him to that purpose, who no doubt will performe 
 
 as much as is expected, if the Dutch (by gettinge into those 
 
 parts before him, doe not frustrate his so hopefull and laudable 
 
 desigues. 
 
 It is well knowne, they aime at that place, and have a possi- 
 bility to attaine unto the end of their desires therein, by meanes, 
 if the River of Mohegan, which of the English is named Hud- 
 sons River (where the Dutch have setled : to well fortified 
 plantations already. If that River be derived from the Lake 
 a.- our Country man in his prospect affirmes it to be, and if they 
 get and fortifie this place also, they will gleane away the best of 
 the Beaver both from the French and the English, who have 
 hitherto lived wholely by it, and very many old planters have 
 gained good estates out of small beginnings by meanes thereof. 
 
 And it is well knowne to some of our Nation TheCntrhhnve 
 that have lived in the Dutch plantation: that the YeZn-Vnul 
 Dutch have gained by Beaver 20000. pound a *»"* -K'^'^'- 
 yea re. 
 
 Tiie Salvages make report of 3. great Rivers that issue out 
 of this Lake 2. of which are to us knowne, the one to be Pato- 
 mack, the other Canada, and why may not the third be found 
 there likewise, which they describe to trend westward, which is 
 conceaved to discharge herselfe into the South Sea. The Sal- 
 vages affirme that they have scene shipps in this Lake with 4. 
 Masts which have taken from thence for their ladinge earth, 
 that is conjectured to be some minerall stufFe. 
 
 There is probability enough for this, and it may well be 
 thought, that so great a confluxe of waters as are there gathered 
 together, must be vented by some great Rivers : and that if the 
 third River (which they have made mention of) 
 proove to be true as the other two have done: EZundk-I.'" 
 there is no doubt but that the passage to the East 
 India, may be obtained, without any such daingerous and fruit- 
 lesse inquest by the Norwest, as hetherto hath bin endeavoured : 
 And there is no Traveller of any resonable capacity, but will 
 graunt, that about this Lake must be innumerable springes, and 
 by that meanes many fruitfull, and pleasant pastures all about it. 
 It hath bin observed that the inland part (witnes Neepnet) are 
 more pleasant and fertile then the borders of the Sea coaste. 
 And the Country about Erocoise is (not without TUtCouuiryot 
 good causo) compared to Delta the most fertile parte e/'tcm n,jr,i,Jc 
 
68 New UngUsh Canaan. 
 
 as Delta in M- in all iEgypt, tli'dt aboundeth with Rivers and 
 ^^^'' Rivalets derived from Nilus fruilfull channell, like 
 
 vaines from the hver, so in each respect is this famous Lake of 
 Erocoise. 
 
 Ad therefore it would be adjudged an irreparable oversight to 
 protract time, and sufier the Dutch (who are but intruders upon 
 his Majesties most hopefull Country of New England) to pos- 
 sesse themselves of that so plesant and commodious Country of 
 Erocoise before us : being (as appeareth) the principall part of 
 all New Canaan for plantation, and not elsewhere to be par- 
 alelld in all the knowne world. 
 
JVew English Canaan. 69 
 
 NEW CANAANS GENIYS 
 EPILOGVS. 
 
 T 
 
 Hou that art by Fates degree, 
 
 Or Providence ordahi'd to see, 
 
 Natures wonder, her rich store, 
 
 Ne'-r discovered before, 
 
 Th' admired Lake of Erocoise, 
 
 And fertile Borders now rejoyce, 
 
 See what multitudes of Fish, 
 
 Shee presents to fitt thy dish. 
 
 If rich furres thou dost adore, 
 
 And of Beaver Fleeces store, 
 
 See the Lake where they abound. 
 
 And ivhat pleasures els are found, 
 
 There chast Leda free from fire, 
 
 Does enjoy her hearts desire, 
 
 Mongst the fiowry bancks at ease. 
 
 Live the sporting Najades, 
 
 Bigglim'd Druides whose browes, 
 
 Bewtified with greenebowes, 
 
 See the Nimphes how they doe make, 
 
 Fine Meanders from the Lake, 
 
 Twining in and out as they, 
 
 Through the pleasant groves make way, 
 
 Weaving by the shady trees. 
 
 Curious Anastomases, 
 
 Where the harmeles Turtles breede. 
 
 And such usefull Beasts doe feede, 
 
 As no Traveller can tell, 
 
 Els where how to paralell, 
 
 Colcos golden Fleece reject, 
 
 This deserveth best respect. 
 
 In sweete Peans let thy voyce, 
 
 Sing the praise of Erocoise, 
 
 Peans to advance her name. 
 
 New Canaans everlasting fame. 
 
70 
 
 0*0 63© 6So oXu oAo 
 
 j^Ksufot^KiC'-MojS raS^Dx^T i;, o^cjuj oaSSIm utoioAC* t Jo oH© o!JSSl© 
 
 NEW ENGLISH CANAAN, 
 
 OR ^ E W CANAAN. 
 
 The Third Booke. 
 
 Containing a description of the People 
 that are planted there, what re- 
 markable Accidents have happen- 
 ed there, since they were setled, 
 what Tenants they hould, toge- 
 ther with the practise of their 
 Church. 
 
 Chap. I . 
 
 Of a great League made ivilh the Plimmouth Plant- 
 ers after their arriisall, by the Sachem of those 
 Territories. 
 
 THe Sachem of the Territories, where 
 the Planters of New England are setled, that are the 
 first of the now Inhabitants of New Canaan, not 
 knowing what they were, or whether they would be 
 freindes or foes, and being desirous to purchase their freindship, 
 that hee might have the better Assurance of quiet tradinge with 
 
New En£[lisk Canaan. 71 
 
 'i) 
 
 them (wfiich hee conceived would be very advantagious to him) 
 was desirous to prepare an Ambassador, with com- 
 mission to treat on his behalfe, to that purpose ; 'i ""Hvagc ncvt an 
 
 ,, . , III •niii Anibdj/iddur tu 
 
 and having one that had beene m Ji-ngland taken the Eri^ri/s/i at 
 by) a worthlesse man) out of other partes, and after iningj!'"'^ 
 left there by accident, this Salvage hee instructed, 
 how to be have himselfe, in the treaty of peace, and the more, 
 to give him incouragement to adventure his person, amongst 
 these new come inhabitants, which was a thinge, hee durst not 
 himselfe attempt, without security or hostage, promised that 
 Salvage freedome, ivho had beene detained theie as theire Cap- 
 tive : which offer hee accepted, and accordinglv came to the 
 Planters, salutinge them vi^ith wellcome, in the English phrase, 
 which was of thein admired, to heare a Salvage there speake in 
 their owne language, and used him great courtesie : to whome 
 hee declared the cause of his comminge, and contrived the busi- 
 nesse so, that hee brought the Sachem and the English toge- 
 ther, betweene whome was a firme league concluded, which yet 
 continueth. After which league the Sachem being in company 
 with the other whome hee had freed, and suffered to live with 
 the English, espijnge a place where a hole bad been made in 
 the grounde, where was their store of powder layed to be pre- 
 served from danger of tire (under ground) demand- 
 ed of the Salvage what the English had hid there Ja'thefhJ^ue"'' 
 under ground, who answered the plague, at which 
 hee starteled, because of the great mortality lately happened, 
 by meanes of the plague, (as it is conceaved) and the Salvage 
 the more to encrease his feare told the Sachem if he should give 
 offence to the English party, they would let out the plague to 
 destroy the all, which kept him in great awe. Not longe after 
 being at varience with another Sachem borderinge upon his 
 Territories, he came in solemne manner and intreated the Gov- 
 ernour, that he would let out the plague to destroy the Sachem, 
 and his men who were his enemies, promising that he himselfe, 
 and all his posterity would be their everlasting freindes, so great 
 an opinion he had of the English. 
 
 Chap. II. 
 
 Of the entertainment of Mr. Westons people sent to 
 settle a plantation there. 
 
 Aster Thomas weston a Merchant of London that had 
 been at some cost, to further the Brethren of new 
 Plimniouth, in their designes for these partes, shipped 
 
 M 
 
72 J^ew English Canaan. 
 
 a company of Servants, fitted with provition of all sorts ; for 
 the undertaking of a Plantation to be setled there, with an 
 intent to follow after them in parson. These servants at first 
 arived at new Plimmouth where they were enter- 
 court holy bread taincd witli court holy bread, by the Brethren, they 
 
 at Plimmouth. •' ' •' ' •' 
 
 were made very wellcome, in shew at least : -there 
 these servants goodes were landed, with promises to be assisted 
 in the choise of a convenient place, and still the good cheare 
 went forward, and the strong liquors walked. In the meane time 
 the Brethren were in consultation, what was best for their advan- 
 tage singing the songe, Frusira sapit, qui sibi non sojnt. 
 
 This plantation would hinder the present practice, and future 
 profit, &; Master Weston an able man would want for no sup- 
 plies, upon the returne of Beaver, and so might be a plantation 
 that might keepe them under, who had a Hope to be the great- 
 est, besides his people were no chosen Seperatists, but men 
 made choice of at all adventures, fit to have served for the fur- 
 therance of Master Westons undertakinges : and that was as 
 much as bee neede to care lor : ayminge at Beaver principally, 
 for the better effecting of his purpose. Now when the Plim- 
 mouth men began to finde, that Master Westons mens store of 
 provition grew short with feasting, then they hasted them to a 
 place called Wessaguscus, in a weake case, and there left them 
 fasting. 
 
 c: II A p . III. 
 
 Of a Bntlle fought at the, Jlassctchussct.s, betwetne the 
 English and the French, 
 
 I He Planters of Plimmouth, at their last being in those 
 parts, having defaced the monument of the ded at Pa- 
 sonayessit (by taking away the herse Cloath which w^as 
 two greate Beares skinnes sowed together at full length, and 
 propped up over the grave of Chuatawbacks mother,) the Sa- 
 chem of those territories, being inraged at the same, stirred up 
 his men in his bee halfe, to take revenge : and having gathered 
 his men together, hee begins to make an oration in 
 The Sachems ^his manner. When last the glorious liLdit of all the 
 
 Oration, . ° " . 
 
 skey was underneath this globe, and Birds grew 
 silent, I began to settle as my (custome is) to take repose ; be- 
 fore mine eies were fast closed, mee thought I saw a vision, (at 
 
New English Canaan. 73 
 
 which my) spirit was much troubled, &i trembling -^ */"'" mooving 
 at that dolefuU sight, a spirit cried aloude (behold ivarre,"'" 
 my Sonne) whom 1 liave cherisht, see the papps 
 that gave thee suck, the hands that lappd thee warme and fed 
 thee oft, canst thou forget to take revenge of those uild peo- 
 ple, that hath my monument defaced in despitefull manner, dis- 
 daining our ancient antiquities, and honourable Customes : See 
 now the Sachems grave lies like unto the conmion people, of 
 ignoble race defaced; thy mother doth complaine, implores thy 
 aide against this theevish people, new come hether if this be 
 suffered, 1 shall not rest in quiet within my everlasting habita- 
 tion. This said, the spirit vanished, and 1 all in a sweat, not 
 able scarce to speake, began to gett some strength, and recollect 
 my spirits that were fied, all which I thought to let you under- 
 stand, to have your Councell, and your aide likewise ; this being 
 spoken, straight way arose the grand Captaine, and 
 cried aloud come, let us to Armes, it doth concerne tac gi-avfi cap- 
 us all, let us bid them Battaile ; so to Armes they s/jcec/!'." 
 went, and laid weight for the Plimmouth boate, and 
 forceinge them to forsake their landinge place, they seeke ano- 
 ther best for their convenience, thither the Salvages repaire in 
 hope to have the like successe, but all in vaine, for 
 the English Captaine warily foresaw, (and perceav- "^'if^ """'"^ ^'''• 
 inge their plot) knew the better how to order his 
 men fit for Battaile in that place, bee bouldly leading his men 
 on, rainged about the feild to and fro, and taking his best advan- 
 tage, lets fly, and makes the Salvages give ground, the English 
 followed them fiercely on and made them take trees for their 
 shelter, (as their custome is) from whence their Captaine let 
 flie a maine, yet no man was hurt, at last lifting up his right arm 
 to draw a fatall shaft (as hee then thought) to end 
 this difference, received a shott upon his elbow.) P^./'"'!'' r"?"^ 
 
 ' ' '/ uy the English. 
 
 and straight way ned, by whose example, all the 
 
 army followed the same way ; and yealded up the honor of the 
 
 day, to the English party ; who were such a terror to them after, 
 
 that the Salvages durst never make to a head 
 
 against them any more. 
 
 10 
 
74 Nf'w fCno/isli Canaan 
 
 o 
 
 C u A p . IT. 
 
 Of a Parliament held at Wessagvscus, and the Actc.s. 
 
 Some lazy people. 
 
 M Aster Westons Plantation beinge setled at 
 Wessaguscus. his Servants, many of them 
 lazy persons, that would use no endeavour 
 to take the benefit of the Country, some of them fell sicke 
 and died. 
 
 One amongst the rest an able bodied man, that 
 
 A lusty fellow. i i i i • i i Vv i 
 
 ranged the woodes, to see wiiat it would aiiord, 
 lighted by accident on an Indian barne, and from thence did 
 take a capp full of come ; the Salvage owner of it, finding by 
 the foote some English had bin there came to the Plantation, 
 and mad complaint after this manner. 
 
 The cheife Commander of the Company one this occation 
 
 called a Parliament of all his people but those that were sicke, 
 
 and ill at ease. And wisely now they must consult, upon this 
 
 huge complaint, that a privy knife, or strinse of 
 
 A poore complaint. , , , , ,, i i " i-r- i j t-'J 
 
 Edward lohnson beadcs would wcil cuough have quahned, and L.d- 
 "Maidi^Jhatnous Ward loliuson was a spetiall judge of this businesse ; 
 •f'"^^' the fact was there in repetition, construction made, 
 
 that it was fellony, and by the Lawes of England punished 
 with death, and this in execution must be put, for an example, 
 and likewise to appease the Salvage, when straight wayes 
 one arose, mooved as it were with some compassion, and 
 said hee could not well gaine say the former sentence, yet bee 
 had conceaved within the compasse of his braine a Embrion, 
 that was of spetiall consequence to be delivered, and cherished 
 hee said, that it would most aptly serve to pacific the Salvages 
 com;jlaint, and save the life of one that might (if neede should 
 be) stand them in some good steede, being younge and stronge, 
 fit for resistance against an enemy, which might come unexpected 
 for any thinge they knew, The Oration made was liked of 
 every one, and hee intreated to proceede to shew the meanes 
 
 how this may be performed : sayes hee, you all 
 A fne device. agree that one must die, and one shall die, this 
 A -wUe sentence, youuge maus cloathcs WO will take of, and put upon 
 To hange a sick- onc, that is old and impotent, a sickly person that 
 Tfeerfe? '^""'^*'^* cauuot cscapc death, such is the disease one him 
 
 confirmed, that die hee must, put the younge mans 
 cloathes on this man, and let the sick person be hanged in the 
 others steede : Amen sayes one, and so sayes many more. 
 
Neio English Canaan. 75 
 
 And this had like to have prooved their fmall sentence, and 
 being there confirmed by Act of ParHament, to after ages for a 
 President : But that one with a ravenus voyce, begunne to 
 croake and bellow for revenge, and put by that conclusive mo- 
 tion, alledging such deceipts might be a meanes here after to 
 exasperate the mindes of the complaininge Salvages 
 and that by his death, the Salvages should see their 
 zeale to lustice, and therefore hee should die : this was conclu- 
 ded ; yet neverthelesse a scruple was made ; now to counter- 
 maund this act, did represent itselfe unto their mindes, which 
 was how they should doe to get the mans good wil : this was 
 indeede a spetiall obstacle : for without (that they all agreed) 
 it would be dangerous, for any man to attempt the 
 execution of it, lest mischeife should befall them /^„l"r^''""'"^ '"" 
 every man ; hee was a person, that in his v,rath, did 
 seeme to be a second Sampson, able to beate out their branes 
 with the jawbone of an Asse : therefore they called the man and 
 by perswation got him fast bound in jest, and then 
 hanged him up hard by in good earnest, who with larZ^t!"^^^'^ '" 
 a weapon, and at liberty, would have put all those 
 wise judges of this Parliament to a pitifull non plus, (as it hath 
 been credibly reported) and niac'e the cheil'e ludge of them all 
 buckell to him. 
 
 C H \ P . V. 
 
 Of a Massacre made upon the Salvages at Wcssa- 
 guscus. 
 
 Fter the end of that Parliament, some of the plantation 
 there, about three persons Avent to live with Checataw- 
 back k, his company, and had very good 
 quarter, for all the former quarrell, with the Plim- ^^^"tiesaZlT/s 
 mouth planters : they are not like will sommers, to 
 take one for another. There they purposed to stay untill Mas- 
 ter Westons arrivall : but the Plimmouth men intendinge no 
 good to him (as appered by the consequence) came in the 
 meane time to Wessaguscus, and there pretended to 
 feast the Salvages of those partes, bringing with c/f/""-^',"/" 
 them Porke, and thinges for the purpose, which 
 they sett before the Salvages. They eate thereof without sus- 
 pition of any mischeife, who were taken upon a watchword 
 
76 New English Canaan. 
 
 sahogts killed given, and with their owne knives (hanging about 
 Z'tapon"^ "'"^ their neckes) were by the Pliinmouth planters 
 stabcl and slaine : one of which were hanged up 
 there, after the slaughter. 
 
 In the meane time the Sachem had knowledge 
 eivacarne . ^^ ^j^.^ accidenl, bj One that ranne to his Country- 
 men, at the Massachussets, and gave them intelligence of the 
 nevves ; after which time the Salvages there consullinge of the 
 matter, in the night (when the other English feareles 
 leveiige. ^^ danger were a sleepe,) knockt them all in the 
 
 head, in revenge of the death of their Countrymen : but if the 
 Plimmouth Planters had really intended good to Master Weston, 
 or those men, why had they not kept the Salvages alive in Cus- 
 tody, untill they had secured the other English? Who by 
 meanes of this evill mannaginge of the businesse lost their lives 
 and the whole plantation was dissolved thereupon, as was likely 
 for feare of a revenge to follow, as a relatione to this cruell 
 antecedent ; and when Master Weston came over ; bee found 
 thinges at an evill exigent, by means thereof: But could not 
 tell, how it was brought about : 
 
 The Salvages of the Massachussets that could not imagine, 
 from whence these men should come, or to what end, seeing 
 them performe such unexpected actions ; neither could tell by 
 what name, properly to distinguish them, did from that time af- 
 terwards, call the English Planters Wotawquenange, which in 
 their language signifieth stabbers or Cutthroates, 
 The Salvages call and tliis name was received by those that came 
 *thrfat'l '" ""* there after for good, being then unacquainted with 
 the signification of it, for many yeares following, 
 untill from a Southerly Indian, that understood English well, I 
 was by demonstration, made to conceave the interpretation of it, 
 and rebucked these other, that it was not forborne : The other 
 callinge us by the name of Wotoquansawge, what that doth 
 signifie, hee said bee was not able by any demonstration to ex- 
 presse and my neighbours durst no more in my hearinge, 
 call us by the name formerly used, for feare 
 of my displeasure. 
 
Neiv English Cannon. 77 
 
 Chap. VI. 
 
 Of the svrprizivge of a Merchants Shipp in Plim- 
 mouth haibour. 
 
 THis Merchant a man of worth, arrivinge in the parts of 
 ]New Canaan, and findinge that his Plantation was dis- 
 solved, some of his men slaine, some dead 
 with sicknes, and the rest at Plimmouth ; hee was ^^S?' 
 perplexed in his minde about the matter, comminge 
 as hee did with supply, and means to have rased their fortunes 
 and his one exceedingly and seeinge what had happened resolved 
 to make some stay in the Plimmouth harbour, and this suted to 
 their purpose, wherefore the Brethren did congratulate with him 
 at his safe arrivall, and their best of entertainement for a swet- 
 nlng cast, deploring the disaster of his Plantation, 
 and glozing upon the text, alledging the mischeiv- f^f/aUeu^" 
 ous intent of the Salvages there, which by freindly 
 intelligence of their neighbours, was discovered before it came 
 to be full summed : so that they lost not all, allthough they 
 saved not all : and this they pretended to proceede from the 
 Fountaine of love & zeale to him ; and Christianity, and to 
 chastise the insolency of the Salvages, of which that part had 
 some dangerous persons. And this as an article of the new 
 creede of Canaan, would they have received of every new 
 commer there to inhabit ; that the Salvages are a dangerous 
 people, subtill, secreat, and mischeivous, and that it is danger- 
 ous to live separated, but rather together, and so be under their 
 Lee, that none might trade for Beaver, but their pleasure, as 
 none doe or shall doe there : nay they will not be reduced to 
 any other song yet, of the Salvages to the southward of Plim- 
 mouth, because they would have none come there, sayinge that 
 hee that will sit downe there must come stronge : but I have 
 found the Massachussets Indian more full of humanity, then the 
 Christians, &; haue had much better quarter with them ; yet 1 
 observed not their humors, but they mine, although my great 
 number that I landed were dissolved, and my Company as few 
 as might be : for I know that this falls out infallibly 
 where two Nations meete, one must rule, and the ffmZ'm^J "^ 
 other be ruled, before a peace can be hoped for: "X',- mu'st't' 
 and for a Christian to submit to the rule of a Sal- ™'^;'„/,?; "" 
 vage you will say, is both shame and dishonor: (at 
 least) it is my opinion, and my practise was accordingly, and I 
 
78 " Npao English Canaan. 
 
 have the better quarter by the nieanes thereof. The more Sal- 
 vages the better quarter, the more Christians tlie vvorser quarter 
 I found, as all the indifferent minded Planters can testifie. Now 
 whiles the Merchant was riiminatinge on this mishapp, the 
 Plimmouth Planters perceivinge that hee had fur- 
 nished himselfe with excellent Commodities, fit for 
 the Merchandise of the Country, (and holding it good to fish in 
 trobled waters, and so get a snatch unseene) in-actised in secret 
 with some other in the land, whom they thought apt to iinbrace 
 the benefit of such a cheat, and it was concluded 
 
 The Vatle, 
 
 and resolved upon, that all this shipp and goodes 
 should be confiscated, for businesse done by him, the Lord 
 knowes when, or where a letter must be framed to them, and 
 haiides unto it, to be there warrant, this should sliadow them ; 
 That is the firnt practise they will insane a man, and then pre- 
 tend that Justice must be done: They cause the Merchant 
 (secure) to come a shore, and then take him in hold, shewing 
 they are compelled unto it legally, and enter strait abord peruse 
 
 the Cargazowne, and then deliver up the Charge 
 shiftp nndgoodes ^f her to their Confederates : and how much lesse 
 
 cuiijmcaica. _ _ 
 
 this is then Piraty, let any practise in the Admir- 
 ralty be judge. The Merchant, his shipp and goodes confisca- 
 ted, himselfe a prisoner, and thieatned so to be sent and con- 
 veyed to England, there to receave the somme of all that did 
 belonge to him a malefactor (and a great one to) this hee good 
 man, indured with patience, longe time, untill the best of all his 
 
 goodes were quire dispersed, and every his propor- 
 whrneveru Con- ^j jj Merchant was inlarged, his shipp a bur- 
 
 i-piratur hnd Ins ' '^ . ' ' . 
 
 snare the shi,p thcu to the owner now, his undertakinges in these 
 
 delivered ngnine. . . - i i- i 
 
 partes beinge quite overthrowne, was redelivered, 
 Bonds tnken not and bondcs of him were taken not to prosecute, 
 
 hee being greived hereat, betakes him to drive a 
 Report of Mr. trade, betweene that and Virginea many yeares. 
 i"-tkwltugiand. The brethren (sharpe witted) had it spread by and 
 
 by amongst his freinds in England, that the man 
 was mad. So thought his wife so thought his other freindes, 
 that had it from a Planter of the Towne. So was it thought 
 of those, that did not know, the Brethren could dissemble : why 
 
 tlius they are all of them honest men in their par- 
 parcTJaj"'" ticuUir, and every man beinge bound to seeke ano- 
 
 thers good, shall in the gencrall doe the best hee 
 can to effect it, and so they may be excused, 
 1 thinke. 
 
New Eviflish Canaan. 79 
 
 o 
 
 Chap. V 1 1 . 
 
 Of Thomas Mortons enteriainemenl at Plimmouth and 
 castinge away upon an Island. 
 
 THis man arrived In those parts, and hearing newes of a 
 Tovvne that was much praised, he was desirous to goe 
 thither, and see how thinges stood, where his entertaine- 
 ment was there best, I dare be bould to say : for although they 
 had but 3. Cowes in all, yet had they fresh butter 
 and a sallet of egcres in daintv wise, a dish not Bmve ent-rtame- 
 
 .-, , , ', , 1 ment in the xvd- 
 
 common jn a wildernes, there hee bestowed some iitmes 
 time in the survey of this plantation. His new 
 come servants in the meane time, were tane to taske, to have 
 their zeale appeare, and questioned what preacher was among 
 their company ; and finding none, did seeme to condole their 
 estate as if undone, because no man among; them ^, 
 had the guift, to be in lonas steade, nor they the 
 meanes, to keepe them in that path so hard to keepe. 
 
 Our Master say they reades the Bible and the word of God, 
 and useth the booke of common prayer, but this is not the 
 meanes ; the ansvvere is : the meanes, they crie : alas poore 
 Soules where is the meanes, you seeme as if betrayed to be 
 without the meanes : how can you be stayed from fallinge liead- 
 longe to perdition ? Facilis descensus avcrni : the booke of 
 common prayer sayd they what poore thinge is that, for a man 
 to reade in a booke ? No, no, good sirs I would 
 you were neere us, you might receave comfort by fpuU^"'"'"^ '''' 
 instruction : give me a man hath the fruiftes of the 
 spirit, not a booke in hand. I doe professe sayes one, to live 
 without the meanes, is dangerous, the Lord doth know. 
 
 By these insinuations, like the Serpent tliey did creepe and 
 winde into the good opinion of the illiterate multitude, that 
 were desirous to be freed and gone (to them no doubt, which 
 some of them after confessed) and little good was to be done 
 one them after this charme was used, now plotts and factions, 
 how they might get loose, and here was some 35. 
 stout knaves, &; some plotted how to steale Master ™aZl"' ^'"'^ '-^ 
 Westons barque, others exasperated knavishly to 
 worke, would practise how to gett theire Master to an Island ; 
 and there leave him, which hee had notice of, and fitted him to 
 try what would be done, and steps aborde his shallop bound for 
 
80 Neio English Canaan. 
 
 Cape Anne to the Massacbussets, with an Hogshead of Wine, 
 Sugar liee tooke along, the Sailes hoist up and one of the Con- 
 spiiators aboard to steere, who in the mid way pretended foule 
 weather at the harboure mouth, and therefore for a time, hee 
 would put in to an Island neere, and make some stay where hee 
 thought to tempt his Master to walke the woods, and so be gone 
 
 but their Master to prevent them, caused the sales 
 a^tYou'/'^'"'^'^"^ and oares to be brought a shore, to make a tilt if 
 
 neede should be, and kindled fire, broched that 
 Hogshed, and caused them fill the can with lusty liqour. Claret 
 
 sparklinge neate which was not suffered to grow 
 fnliriTkT''''^ pale and flatt, but tipled of with quick dexterity, 
 
 the Master makes a shew of keepinge round, 
 but with close lippsdid seeme to make longe draughts, knowinge 
 the wine would make them Protestants, and so the plot was then 
 at large disclosed and discovered, &i they made drowsie, and 
 
 the inconstant windes shiftinge at night did force 
 TJ'fJ'"""^^''' the kellecke home, and billedge the boat, that they 
 
 were forced to leave her so, and cut downe trees 
 TmnpanyfJt"' that grcw by the shore, to make CafTes : tw^o of 
 time vJJn trees. ^^^^"^ weut ovcr by helpc of 3 forc saile almost a 
 
 mile to the maine the other two stayed five dayes 
 after, till the windes would serve to fill the sailes. The first 
 two went to cape Ann by land, and had fowle enough, and fowle 
 wether by the way, the Islanders had fish enough, shel-fish and 
 fire to roast, k, they could not perish for lacke of foode, and 
 wine they had to be sure ; and by this you see they were not 
 then in any want ; the wine and goodes brought tlience, the 
 boat left there so billedgd that it was not worth the labor to be 
 mended. 
 
 Chap. \}J\ . 
 
 ()/ the Banislimcnt <>f .Master Johu Lai/furd, and 
 Juhn 0/dtim from Plhmnoiith. 
 
 A Minister re- T^ /W" Aster Layford was at the Mcrchants chardgc 
 
 yuhed to '•"- 1^ /■ •L^ "-J, 
 
 M 
 
 nuuuce his cai- ^/ 1 ^cut to Plimmouth plantation to be their 
 '"',?e XVX. Pastor: But the Brethren, before they 
 
 would allow of it, would have him first renounce his cal- 
 ling, to the office of the Ministery, received in England, 
 as hereticall and Papisticall, (so hee confest) and then to receive 
 a ncwcallinife from them, after their fantasticall invention which 
 
Neic Enslish Canaan. 81 
 
 'ft 
 
 hee refused, alledging and maintaining, that his calling as it stood 
 was lawfull, and that hee would not renounce it ; and so lohn 
 Oldam liis opinion was one the affirmative, and both together 
 did maintaine the Church of England, to be a true Church, 
 although in some particulars (they said) defective concludinge 
 so against the Tenents there, and by this meanes cancelled theire 
 good opinion, amongst the number of the Seperatists, that stay 
 they must not, lest they should be spies, and to fall fowle on this 
 occation, the Brethren thought it would betray their cause, and 
 make it fall under censure, therefore against Master Layford 
 they had found out some scandall ; to be laid on his former 
 corse of life, to blemish that, and so to conclude hee was a 
 spotted beast, and not to be allowed, where they ordained to 
 have the Passover kept so zealously : as for lohn Oldam, they 
 could see hee would be passionate, and moody ; and proove 
 hiraselfe a mad lack in his mood, and as soone mooved to be 
 moody, and this impatience would Minister advantage to them 
 to be ridd of him. 
 
 Hanniball when hee had to doe with Fabius, was impatience conju- 
 
 , . » 1 . r I ^ ted by example. 
 
 kept m awe more by the patience oi that one 
 enemy, then by the resolution of the whole army : A weH 
 tempered enemy is a terrible enemy to incounter. They in- 
 joyne him to come to their needeles watch bowse 
 in person, and for refusinge give him a cracked ^""./J.'o"]"'/"'''' 
 Crowne for presse money, and make the blood run 
 downe about his eares, a poore trick, yet a good vaile though 
 Luscus may see thorough it ; and for his further behaviour in 
 the Case, proceed to sentence him w'ith banish- 
 ment, which was performed after a solemne inven- Jnf,i^t',t!^"t'!^ "-^ 
 tion in this manner: A. lane of Musketiers was 
 made, and hee compelled in scorne to passe along betweene, &; 
 to receave a bob upon the bumme be every musketier, and then 
 a board a shallop, and so convayed to Wessaguscus shoare, k, 
 staid at Massachussets, to whome lohn Layford and some few 
 more did resort, where Master Layford freely executed his 
 office and preached every Lords day, and yet maintained his 
 wife k, children foure or five, upon his industry there, with the 
 blessing of God, and the plenty of the Land, without the helpe 
 of his auditory, in an honest and laudable manner, till hee was 
 wearied and made to leave the 
 Country. 
 
 11 
 
82 Ne2D Ens[Ush Canaan. 
 
 Chap. IX. 
 
 Of a barren doe of l^ir^inea growrif- fnihhfullin New 
 Canaan. 
 
 CHildren and the fruit of the Wonibe, are said in holy 
 writt, to be an inheritance that commeth of the Lord ; 
 then they must be coupled in Gods name first, and not as 
 this and some other have done. 
 
 They are as arrowes in the hand of a Gyant ; 
 A great hnppines and happv saith David, is the man, that hath his 
 
 comes by propa- . r ii c i i i i i i • i ^ 
 
 gation. quiver lull ol them, and by that rule, happy js that 
 
 Land and blessed to that is apt and fit for increase 
 of children. 
 
 I have shewed you before in the second part, of the dis- 
 course, how apt it is for the increase of Minerals, Vegetables, 
 and sensible Creatures. 
 
 Now I will shew you, how apt New Canaan is like wise for 
 the increase of the reasonable Creatures, Children, of all riches 
 being the principall : and 1 give you this for an instance. 
 
 This Country of New Canaan in seaven yeares 
 
 N»'?aiflanfn timo couM show more Children Hvinge, that have 
 
 vi^'ineainTr!'' bccne bome there, then in 27. yeares could be 
 
 shewen in Virginea ; yet here are but a handful of 
 
 weomen landed, to that of Virginea. 
 
 The Country doth afford such plenty of Lobsters, and other 
 delicate shellfish, and Venus is said to be bome of the Sea, or 
 else it was some sallet herbe proper to the Climate or the foun- 
 taine at Weenaseemute made her become teeming here, that had 
 tried a campe royall in other partes, where shee had been &£ 
 yet never the neere, till shee came in to New Canaan. 
 
 Shee was delivered (in a voyage to Virginea) 
 Bulsardfbay''^ ^^^^^ Bussardcs bay, to west of Cape Cod, where 
 Dead and buried, shce had a Sonno borne, but died without baptisme 
 and was buried ; and being a thinge remarkable, 
 had this Epitaph following made of purpose to memorize the 
 worth of the persons. 
 
 EPITAPH 
 
 Time that brings all thinges to light, 
 Doth hide th uthinge out of sight, 
 Yet fame hath left behinde a story y 
 A hopefiill race to shew the glory : 
 
New English Canaan. 83 
 
 '^o 
 
 For underneath this heape of stones, 
 Lieth a percell of small bones, 
 JVhat hope at last can such impes have, 
 That from the wombe goes to the grave. 
 
 Chap. X. 
 
 Of a man indued with many spetiall guifts sent over 
 to be Master of the Ceremonies, 
 
 THis was a man approoved of the Brethren, both for his 
 zeale and guiftes, yet but a Bubble, &; at the pubhke 
 Chardge conveyed to New England, I thinke to be Mas- 
 ter of the Ceremonies, betweene the Natives, and the Planters : 
 for bee applied himselfe cheifly to pen the language 
 downe in Stenography : But there for want of use, sf^"°.?^''pf>y »»«■ 
 which bee rightly understood not, all was losse of 
 labor, somethinge it was when next it came to view, but what 
 bee could not tell. 
 
 This man Master Bubble was in the time of lohn Oldams 
 absence made the bowse Chaplaine there, and every night bee 
 made use of his guifts, whose oratory luld his audi- 
 tory fast a sleepe, as Mercuries pipes did Argus gu^"/^ anooie,- 
 eies : for when bee was in ; they sayd hee could not 
 tell how to get out : nay hee would hardly out, till hee were 
 fired out, his zeale was such : (one fire they say drives out ano- 
 ther,) hee would become a great Merchant, and by 
 any thinge that was to be sold so as hee might have atMrd^^J'n'""^' 
 day and be trusted never so litle time : the price it 
 seemed hee stood not much upon, but the day : for to his freind 
 hee shewed commodities so priced, as caused him to blame the 
 buyer, till the man this Bubble did declare, that it was tane up 
 at day, and did rejoyce in the bargaine, insistinge on the day, 
 the day, yea marry quoth his friend if you have doomesday for 
 payment you are then well to passe. But if he had not, it 
 were as good hee had, they were payed all alike. 
 
 And now, this Bubbles day is become a common hu day made a 
 
 11 1.x • J 1 X Ti common prouerb. 
 
 proverbe, nee obtamed iiowse roome at rasson- 
 agessit, and remooved ihether, because it stood convenient, 
 for the Beaver trade, and the rather because the owner of Pas- 
 sonagessit had no Corne left : and this man seemed a bigg 
 boned man, and therefore thought to be a good laborer, and 
 
84 New Ens[lish Canaan. 
 
 to have store of come, but contrary wise hee had none at all, 
 
 and hoped upon this freind liis liost : thithere were brought the 
 
 trophies of this Master Bubbles honor : his water 
 
 Trophies of honor. \ . i i ■ i-» 11 . 
 
 tankard and his rorters basket, but no provision, so 
 that one gunne did serve to helpe them both to meat ; and now 
 the time for fowle was almost past. 
 
 This man and his host at dinner : Bubble begins to say grace 
 yea and a long one to, till all the raeate was cold ; 
 ma,ie't%^7n"a^t ^^^ would uot givo his host leave to say grace, 
 <•»'''- belike hee thought mine host past grace, and fur- 
 
 ther learned as many other Schollers are : but in 
 the usage and custome of this blinde oratory, his host tooke 
 himselfe abused, and the whiles fell to and had halfe done, be- 
 fore this man Bubble would open his eies, to see what stood 
 afore him, which made him more cautius, and learned, that 
 brevis or alio pcnetrat Ccelutn. Together Bubbles and hee goes 
 in the Canaw to Nut Island for brants, and there his host makes 
 a shotte &£ breakes the winges of many, Bubble in hast and 
 single handed, paddels out like a Cow in a cage : his host cals 
 back to rowe two handed like to a pare of oares, and before 
 this could be performed, khe fowles had time to swimme to 
 other flockes, and so to escape : the best part of the pray being 
 lost, mayd his host to mutter at him, and so to parte for that 
 time discontended. 
 
 Chap. XI. 
 
 Of a Composition made by the Sachem, for a Theft 
 committed by some qf his men shelving their honest 
 meaninge. 
 
 THe owner of Passonagessit to have the benefit of com- 
 pany, left his habitation in the Winter and reposed at 
 Wessaguscus, (to his cost) meane time in the Depth of 
 Winter, the neighbour Salvages accustomed to buy foode, came 
 to the bowse (for that intent perhaps) k, peepinge 
 The Salvages be. in all tlic windowes, (then unglased) espied corne. 
 
 take the hozvse & t-> ^ 1 j ^ n ^i j 1 • 
 
 take the Corne. But no body to scll the same, and having company 
 and helpe at hand, did make a shift to get into the 
 howse, and take out corne to serve but for the present, left 
 enough behinde the Sachem having knowledge of the facte, 
 and being advertised likewise, of the displeasure that had ben 
 
New Englisk Canaan. 83 
 
 coceaved, by tlie Proprietor thereof, at tliis offence prepares a 
 Messenger, the Salvage that had hved in England, and sends 
 him with comoiission, for the trespasse of his men who had 
 tenne skinnes perposed for it, to bee payd by a day certaine ; 
 The Sachem at the time appointed, bringes the Beaver to Wes- 
 saguscus; where the owner hved, but just then was gone 
 abroade, meane time the skinnes were by the Wessaguscus men 
 gelded, & the better halfe by them iugeled away : , ,. ^ 
 before the owner came, and hee by the Actors per- 
 swaded, to bee contended with the rest, who not so pleased did 
 draw the Sachem then to make a new agreement, and so to pay 
 his remnant left in hand, and tenne skinnes more by a new day 
 asigned, and then to bringe them to passonagessit, but the wes- 
 saguscus men went the day before to the Salvages with this say- 
 inge, that they were sent to call upon him there for payement, 
 and received tenne skinnes, and tooke a Salvage there to justifie 
 that at their bowse ; the owner stayed the while, hee verified 
 this, because hee saw the man, before at Wessaguscus : the 
 Sachem did beleive the tale, and at that time delivered up tenne 
 skinnes : On that behalfe, in full dischardge of all demandes, 
 against the trespasse, and the trespassers to them, who consented 
 to him, and them, to the owner, and kept view to 
 themselves, and made the Salvage take the tenth, tricked "'^* 
 and give the owner all that yet was to bee had, The Heathen 
 themselves confessinge their demaunds for him, and more just, then 
 
 , , , ° , 'the Christtans. 
 
 that there was but onely one as yet prepared, so 
 
 that by this you may easily perceive the uncivilized people, are 
 
 more just then the civihzed. 
 
 Chap. XII. 
 
 Of a voyadge made by the Master of the Ceremonies of 
 JsTew Canaan to JVeepenett, from whence hee came 
 away, and of the manifold dangers hee escaped. 
 
 THis woorthy member Master Bubble, a new Master of 
 the Ceremonies, having a conceipt in his head, that hee 
 had hatched a new device for the purchase 
 of Beaver, beyond Imagination, packes up a sacke gVdesfJnduct 
 full of odde implements, and without any company, nJ'nahi^'^^ 
 but a couple of Indians for guides, (and therefore 
 you may, if you please) beeleive they are so dangerous as the 
 
86 New English Canaan. 
 
 Brethren of Plimmouth give it out, hee betakes him to his pro- 
 £;resse into the Inlande for Beaver, with his carriadge on his 
 shoulders like INIilo, his guides and hee in processe of time, 
 come to the place appointed, which was about Neepenett, 
 thereabouts being more Beavers to be had then this Milo could 
 carry : And both his journey men, glad hee was good man, and 
 his guides were willing to pleasure him, there the Salvages stay : 
 night came on, but before they were inclined to sleepe, this good 
 man Master Bubble had an evation crept into his head, by mis- 
 applying the Salvages actions, that hee must needs be gone in 
 all hast, yea and without his errand, hee purposed to doe it so 
 cunningly that his flight should not be suspected, hee leaves his 
 shooes in the howse, with all his other implements, and flies, as 
 hee was on his way, to increase his feare, suggestinge himselfe 
 that hee was present by a company of Indians, &i that there 
 shafts were let fly as thick as haile at him, hee puts of his 
 breeches, and puts them on his head, for to save him from the 
 shafts, that flew after him so thick, that no man could perceave 
 them : and cryinge out avoyd Satan, what have yee to doe with 
 mee. thus running one his way without his breeches, hee was 
 pittifully scratched, with the brush of the underwoods, as hee 
 wandred up and downe in unknowne wayes : The Salvages in 
 the meane time put up all his implements in the sack hee left 
 behinde, and brought them to Wessaguscus, where they thought 
 to have found him ; but understanding hee was not returned, 
 were ferefull what to doe : and what would be conceaved of the 
 English was become of this mazed man, the Master of the Cer- 
 emonies; and were in consultation of the matter. One of the 
 Salvages was of opinion the English would suppose him to be 
 made away, fearefuU hee was to come in sight. The other 
 better acquainted with the English having lived some time in 
 England,) was more confident, and hee perswaded his fellow 
 that the English would be satisfied with relation of the truth, as 
 having had testimony of his fidelity. So they boldly adven- 
 tured, to shew what they had brougt, and how the matter 
 stood. The English (when the sack was opened) 
 They take a note Jid take a uotc in writiuo; of all the particulers that 
 
 ofxjhat -was iii . i o i i i 1101 
 
 tftesack. wcro m the sack; 61 heard what was by the Sal- 
 
 vages related of the accidents : but when his shoes 
 were showne, it was thought hee would not have departed with- 
 out his shoes ; and therefore they did conceave that Master 
 Bubble was made away : by some sinister practise of the Salva- 
 ges, who unadvisedly had bin culpable of a crime which now 
 they sought to excuse ; and straightly chardged the Salvages to 
 finde him out againe, and bring him dead, or alive ; else their 
 
New English Canaan. 87 
 
 wifes and children should be destroyed. The poore m,-. Bubble mun 
 Salvages being in a pitifull perplexity, caused their er eUe'they^thau 
 Countrymen to seeke out for this maz'd man ; who "^ '^'"^^ ' 
 being in short time found, was brought to Wessaguscus ; where 
 hee made a discourse of his travels, and of the perrillous pas- 
 sages : which did seeme to be no lesse dangerous, then these 
 of that worthy Knight Errant, Don Quixote, and how mir- 
 aculously hee had bin preserved ; and in conclusion, lamented 
 the greate losse of his goods, whereby hee thought himselfe 
 undone. 
 
 The perticuler whereof being demaunded, it ap- Nor amy thing di- 
 peared, that the Salvages had not diminished any 
 part of them ; no not so much as one bit of bread : the 
 number being knowne, and the fragments laid together, it ap- 
 peared all the bisket was preserved, and not any diminished 
 at all : whereby the Master of the Ceremonies was overjoyed, 
 and the whole Company made themselves merry at his discourse 
 of all his perrillous adventures. 
 
 And by this you may observe whether the Salvage people are 
 not full of humanity, or whether they are a dangerous people 
 as Master Bubble and the rest of his tribe would perswadeyou. 
 
 Chap. XIII. 
 
 Of a lamentable Jit of MellancoUy, that the Barren 
 doe fell into (after the death of her infant, seeing 
 herselfe despised of her Sweete hart,) whereof shee 
 was cured. 
 
 WHether this goodly creature of incontinency went to 
 worke upon even termes like Phillis or noe it does not 
 appeare by any Indenture of covenants then extant, 
 whereby shee might legally challenge the performance of any 
 compleate Marriage at his hands, that had bin tradeing with her 
 as Demopheon here to fore had bin with his ostis. 
 
 Neverthelesse (for his future advantage) shee indeavoured 
 (like PhiUis,) to gaine this Demopheon all to herselfe, who (as 
 it seemes) did meane nothing lesse, by leaving her for the next 
 comer, that had any minde to coole his courage by that meanes ; 
 the whipping post (as it seemes) at that time not being in pub- 
 like use, for such kinde of Cony katchers, but seeing herselfe 
 rejected, shee grew into such a passion of Mellancolly, on a 
 
88 New English Canaan. 
 
 sodaine, that it was thought, shee would exhibit a petition for 
 redresse to grim Pluto who had set her a worke, 
 ^heVodai'ni ^e-' ^"d ktiowing that the howse of fate has many en- 
 To^lefn'^att''"^ trances, shee was pusseld to finde the neerest way. 
 Shee could not resolve on a sodaine : which doore 
 woidd soonest bring her to his presence handsomely. 
 
 If shee should make way with a knife, shee thought shee 
 might spoyle her drinking in after ages, if by poyson, shee 
 thought it might prolonge her passage thether : if by drowning, 
 shee thought Caron might come the while with his boate, and 
 waft her out of sight : if shee should tie up her complaint in a 
 halter, shee thought the Ropmakers would take exceptions 
 against her good speede. And in this manner shee debated 
 with herselfe, and demurred upon the matter : So that shee did 
 appeare willing enough ; but a woman of small resolution. 
 
 Which thing when it was publickely knowne, made many 
 <;ome to comfort her. One amongst the rest was by hir request- 
 ed, on her behalfe, to write to her late unkinde Demopheon. The 
 Gentleman being merrily disposed, in steed of writing an heroi- 
 call Epistle, composed this Elegi for a memoriall of some mirth 
 upon the Circumstance of the matter, to be sent unto hir, as 
 followeth : 
 
 CARMEN ELEGIACVM. 
 
 MElyomene (at whose mischeifous tovc, 
 The screech oivles voyce is heard ; the mandraks grove) 
 Commands my pen in an lamhick vaine, 
 To tell a dismall tale, that may constrainc, 
 The heart of him to bleede that shall discerne, 
 Moiv much this foule amisse does him concerne, 
 Alecto (grim Alecto) light thy torch, 
 To thy beloved, sister next the 'porch, 
 That leads unto the mansion hoiuse of fate, 
 Whose farewell makes her freind more fortunate, 
 A great Squa Sachem can shee poynt to goe, 
 Before grim Minos, and yet no man know. 
 That knives, and halters, ponds, and poysonons things^ 
 Are alwayes ready when the Divell once brings, 
 Such deadly sinners : to a deepe remorse, 
 Of conscience selfe accusing that will force. 
 Them to dispaire like wicked Kain, ivhiles death. 
 Stands ready ivith all these to stopp their breadth. 
 The beare comes by ; that oft hath bay ted ben, 
 By many a Satyres whclpe unlcsse you can. 
 
New English Canaan. 89 
 
 Commaund your eies to drop huge milstones forth, 
 In lamentation of this losse on earth, 
 Of her, of whome, so much prayse wee may find e, 
 Ooe when shee will, sheeH leave none like behindc, 
 Shee was too good for earth, too bad for heaven. 
 fVhy then for hell the match is somewhat even. 
 
 After this, the water of the fountaine at Ma-re Mount, was 
 thoui^ht fit to 1)0 applyed unto her for a remedy, shee willingly 
 used according to the quality thereof. 
 
 And when this Elegy came to be divulged, shee was so con- 
 scious of her crime, that shee put up her pipes, and with the 
 •next shipp shee packt away to Virginea, (her former habitation) 
 <juite cured of her mellancolly with the helpe of the water of 
 the fountaine at Ma-re Mount. 
 
 Chap. XIY . 
 
 0/ the Rf.vcUs of JVeiv Canaan. 
 
 THe Inhabitants of Pasonagessit (having translated the 
 name of their habitation from that ancient Salvage name 
 to Ma-re Mount ; and being resolved to have the new 
 name confirmed for a memorial to after ages) did devise amongst 
 themselves to have it performed in a solerane manner with 
 Revels, k, merriment after the old English custome : prepared 
 to sett up a Maypole upon the festivall day of ami 
 Philip and lacob; &; therefore brewed a barrell of 
 excellent beare, & provided a case of bottles to be spent, with 
 other good cheare, for all commers of that day. And because 
 they would have it in a compleat forme, they had prepared a 
 song fitting to the time and present occation. And upon May- 
 day they brought the Maypole to the place appointed, with 
 drumes, gunnes, pistols, and other fitting instruments, for that 
 purpose ; and there erected it with the help of Salvages, that 
 came thether of purpose to see the manner of our Revels. A 
 goodly pine tree of 80. foote longe, was reared up, with a peare 
 of buckshorns nayled one, somewhat neare unto the top of it : 
 where it stood as a faire sea marke for directions ; how to finde 
 out the way to mine Host of Ma-re Mount. 
 
 And because it should more fully appeare to what end It was 
 placed there, they had a poem in readines made, which was 
 fixed to the Maypole, to shew the new name confirmed upon 
 12 
 
90 JVew English Canaan. 
 
 that plantation ; which allthough it \tere made according to the 
 occurrents of the time, it being Enigmattically composed) pus- 
 selled the Seperatisls most pittifully to expound it, which (for 
 the better information of the reader) I have here inserted. 
 
 THE POEM. 
 
 Rise Oedipexis, and if thou canst unfould, 
 What meanes Caribdis underneath the mould, 
 When Scilla solitary on the ground, 
 (^Sitting in forme of Niobe) loas found ; 
 Till Amphitrites Darling did acquaint, 
 Grim Neptune ivith the Tenor of her plaint, 
 And caused him send forth Triton with the sound, 
 Of Trumpet loivd, at which the Seas ivere found, 
 So full of Protean formes, that the bold shore. 
 Presented Scilla a new parramore. 
 
 So strange as Sampson and so patient, 
 biJug/rhe'l n'er As Job Hmsclfe, divcctcd thus, by fate, 
 ZVm.""'^'""' T^ comfort Scilla so w fortunate. 
 
 I doe professe by Cupids beautious mother, 
 Heres Scogans choise for Scilla, and none other ; 
 Though Scilla's sick with greife because no signc, 
 Can there be found of vertue masculine. 
 Esculapius come, ITcnow right well, 
 His labourers lost ivhen you may ring her Knell, 
 The fatall sisters doome none can withstand, 
 Nor Cithareas powre, who poynts to land. 
 With proclamation that the first of May, 
 At Ma-re Mount shall be kept hollyday. 
 
 T}^ Maypole cau Xhc sctting UD of his Mavpole was a lamentable 
 
 led an Idoll tht . i • •' ^ . i i- i 
 
 caife of Horeb. spectacic to the precisc seperatists: that lived at 
 new Plimmouth. They termed it an IdoU ; yea 
 they called it the Calfe of Horeb : and stood at defiance with 
 the place naming it Mount Dagon ; threatning to make it a 
 woefull mount and not a merry mount. 
 
 The Riddle for want of Oedipus, they could not expound, 
 onely they made some explication of part of it, and sayd, it was 
 meant by Sampson lob, the carpenter of the Shipp, that brought 
 over a woman to her husband, that had bin there longe before 
 and thrived so well, that hee sent for her and her children to 
 come to him ; where shortly after hee died, having no reason, 
 but because of the sound of those two words : when as (the 
 
J^ew English Canaan. 91 
 
 truth is) the man they applyed it to, was altogether unknowne 
 to the Author. 
 
 There was likewise a merry song made, which (to make their 
 Revells more fashionable) was sung with a Corus, every man 
 bearing his part; which they performed in a daunce, hand in 
 hand about the Maypole, whiles one of the Company sung, and 
 filled out the good liquour like gammedes and lupiter. 
 
 THE SONGE. 
 
 RinJce and be merry, merry, merry boyes, 
 \ Let all your delight be in the Hymens ioyes, 
 Jo to Hymen now the day is come, 
 About the merry Maypole take a Roome. 
 
 MaJce greene garlons, bring bottles out ; 
 
 And fill sweet Nectar, freely about, 
 
 Vncover thy head, and fcare no harme, 
 
 For hers good liquor to Iceepe it ivarme. 
 Then drinke and be merry, ^c. 
 16 to Hymen, &fc. 
 
 Nectar is a thing assign' d, 
 
 By the Deities owne minde, 
 
 To cure the hart opprest with greife, 
 
 And of good liquors is the cheife, 
 Then drinke, &fc. 
 16 to Hymen, ^c. 
 
 Give to the Mellancolly man, 
 
 A cup or two oft now and than ; 
 
 This physick' will soone revive his bloud, 
 
 And make him be of a merrier moode. 
 Then drinke, &rc. 
 16 to Hymen, ^c. 
 
 Give to the Nymphe thats free from scome, 
 
 No Irish ; stuff nor Scotch over wome, 
 
 Lasses in beaver coats come away, 
 
 Yee shall be welcome to us night and day. 
 To drinke and be merry, &fc. 
 J6 to Hymen, fyc. 
 
 This harmeles mirth made by younge men (that lived in hope 
 to have wifes brought over to them, that would save them a 
 laboure to make a voyage to fetch any over) was much distasted, 
 of the precise Seperatists : that keepe much a doe, about the 
 tyth of Muit and Cummin ; troubling their braines more then 
 reason would require about things that are indifferent : and from 
 
92 Neio Engliah Canaan. 
 
 that lime sought occasion against my honest Host of Ma-re 
 Mount to overthrow his ondertakings, and to destroy his planta- 
 tion quite and cleane. But because they presumed with their 
 imaginary gifts (which they have out of Phaos box) they could 
 expound hidden misteries (to convince them of blindnes as well 
 in this, as in other matters of more cosequence) 1 will illustrate 
 the poem, according to the true intent of the authors of these 
 Revells, so much distasted by those Moles. 
 
 Oedipus is generally receaved for the absolute reader of rid- 
 dles who is invoaked : Silla and Caribdis are two dangerous 
 places for seamen to incounter, neere unto vennice, &. have bin 
 by poets formerly resembled to man and wife. The like 
 licence the author challenged for a paire of his nomination, the 
 one lamenting for the losse of the other as Niobe for her chil- 
 dren. Amphitrite is an arme of the Sea, by which the newes 
 was carried up and downe, of a rich widow, now to be tane up 
 or laid downe. By Triton is the fame spread, that caused the 
 Suters to muster ; (as it had bin to Penellope of Greece) and 
 the Coast lying circuler, all our passage to and froe, is made 
 more convenient by Sea, then Land. Many aimed at this 
 marke ; but hee that played Proteus best and could comply with 
 her humor must be the man, that would carry her, &, hee had 
 need have Sampsons strenght to deale with a Dallila : and as 
 much patience as lob that should come there, for a thing that I 
 did observe in the life time of the former. 
 
 But marriage and hanging (they say) comes by desteny &i 
 Scogans choise tis better none at all. Hee that playd Proteus 
 (with the helpe of Priapus) put their noses out of joynt as the 
 Proverbe is. 
 
 And this the whole company of the Revellers at Ma-reMount 
 knew to be the true sence and exposition of the riddle : that 
 was fixed to the Maypole, which the Seperatists were at de- 
 fiance with ? some of them affirmed, that the first institution 
 thereof, was in memory of a whore ; not knowing that it was a 
 Trophe erected at first, in honor of Maja, the Lady of learning 
 which they despise ; vilifying the two universities with uncivile 
 termes ; accounting what is there obtained by studdy is but un- 
 necessary learning ; not considering that learninge does inable 
 mens mindes to converse with climents of a higher nature then 
 is to be found within the habitation of the 
 Mole. 
 
New English Canaan. 93 
 
 Chap. XV. 
 
 Of a great Monster supposed lo be at Ma-i e- Mount ; 
 and the preparation made to destroy it. 
 
 THe Separatists envying the prosperity, and hope of the 
 Plantation at Ma-re Mount (which they perceaved be- 
 ganne to come forward, and to be in a good way for 
 gaine in the Beaver trade) conspired together against mine Host 
 especially, (who was the owner of that Plantation) and made 
 up a party against him ; and mustred up what aide they could ; 
 accounting of him, as of a great Monster. 
 
 Many threatening speeches were given out both against his 
 person, and his Habitation, which they divulged should be con- 
 sumed with fire : And taking advantage of the time when his 
 company (which seemed little to regard, theire threats) were 
 gone up into the Inlands, to trade with the Salvages for Bea- 
 ver. 
 
 They set upon my honest host at a place, called Wessagus- 
 cus, where (by accident) they found him. The inhabitants there 
 were in good hope, of the subvertion of the plantation at Mare 
 Mount, (which they principally aymed at ;) and the rather, be- 
 cause mine host was a man that indeavoured to advance the dig- 
 nity of the Church of England ; which they (on the contrary 
 part) would laboure to vilifie ; with uncivile termes : enveying 
 against the sacred booke of common prayer, and mine host that 
 used it in a laudable manner amongst his family, as a practise of 
 piety. 
 
 There hee would be a meanes to bringe sacks to their mill 
 (such is the thrist after Beaver) and helped the conspiratores 
 to. Surprisee mine host, (who was there all alone) and they 
 chardged him, (because they would seeme to have some reason- 
 able cause against him (to sett a glosse upon their malice) with 
 criminall things which indeede had beene done by such a person 
 but was of their conspiracy ; mine host demaunded of the con- 
 spirators who it was, that was author of that information, that 
 seemed to be their ground for what they now intended. And 
 because they answered, they would not tell him, hee as per- 
 emptorily replyed, that hee would not stay, whether he had, or 
 he had not done as they had bin informed. 
 
 The answere made no matter (as it seemed) whether it had 
 bin negatively, or affirmatively made) for they had resolved 
 
94 New FjUglish Canaan- 
 
 what hee should suffer, because (as they boasted,) they were 
 now become the greater number: they had shaked of their 
 shackles of servitude, and were become Masters, and masteries 
 people. 
 
 It appeares, they were like beares whelpes in former time, 
 when mine hosts plantation was of as much strength as theirs, 
 but now (theirs being stronger,) they (like overgrowne beares) 
 seemed monsterous. In breife, mine host must indure to be 
 their prisoner, untill they could contrive it so, that they might 
 send him for England, (as they said,) there to suffer according 
 to the merrit of the fact, which they intended to father upon 
 him ; supposing (belike) it would proove a hainous crime. 
 
 Much rejoycing was made that they had gotten their cappitall 
 enemy (as they concluded him) whome they purposed to ham- 
 per in such sort, that hee should not be able to uphold his plan- 
 tation at Ma-re Mount. 
 
 The Conspirators sported themselves at my honest host, that 
 meant them no hurt ; &. were so joccund that they feasted their 
 bodies, and fell to tippeling, as if they had obtained a great 
 prize ; like the Trojans when they had the custody of Hippeus 
 pinetree horse. 
 
 Mine host fained greefe: and could not be perswaded either 
 to eate, or drinke, because hee knew emptines would be a 
 meanes to make him as watchfull, as the Geese kept in the 
 Roman Cappitall : whereon the contrary part, the conspirators 
 would be so drowsy, that hee might have an opportunity to give 
 them a slip, insteade of a tester. Six persons of the conspiracy 
 were set to watch him at Wessaguscus: But hee 
 Mine Host got out j^gp^ waking! and in the dead of night (one lying 
 
 Of pnsou, r o' o\^^0 
 
 on the bed, for further suerty,) up gets mine Host 
 and got to the second dore that hee was to passe which (not- 
 withstanding the lock) hee got open : and shut it after him with 
 such violence, that it affrighted some of the conspirators. 
 
 The word which was given with an alarme, was, 6 he's gon, 
 he's gon, what shall wee doe he's gon ? the rest (halfe a sleepe) 
 start up in a maze, and like rames, ran theire heads one at ano- 
 ther full butt in the darke. 
 
 Their grand leader Captaine Shrimp tooke on 
 Tiidotfits^*"^' most furiously, and tore his clothes for anger, to see 
 the empty nest, and their bird gone. 
 
 The rest were eager to have torne theire haire from theire 
 heads, but it was so short, that it would give them no hold ; 
 Now Captaine Shrimp thought in the losse of this prize (which 
 hee accoumpted his Master peece,) all his honor would be lost 
 for ever. 
 
JSeio English Canaan. 95 
 
 In the meane time mine Host was got home to mnehoitgothome 
 Ma-re Mount through the woods, eight miles, round 
 about the head of the river Monatoquit, that parted the two 
 Plantations : finding his way by the helpe of the lightening 
 (for it thundred as hee went terribly) and there hee pre- 
 pared powther three pounds dried, for his present 
 imployment, and foure good gunnes for him, and ^if «S«" "^"'^ 
 the two assistants left at his bowse, with bullets of 
 severall sizes three hounderd, or thereabouts ; to be used if the 
 conspirators should pursue him thether : and these two persons 
 promised theire aides in the quarrell, and confirmed that promise 
 with a health in good rosa solis. 
 
 Now Captaine Shrimp, the first Captaine in the Land (as hee 
 supposed,) must doe some new act to repaire this losse, and to 
 vindicate his reputation, who had sustained blemish, by this 
 oversight. Begins now to study, how to repaire or survive his 
 honor in this manner; callinge of Councell : they conclude. 
 
 Hee takes eight persons more to him, and (like the nine 
 Worthies of New Canaan) they imbarque with preparation 
 against Ma-re-Mount, where this Monster of a man (as theire 
 phrase was) had his denne ; the whole number, (had the rest 
 hot bin from home, being but seaven,) would have given Cap- 
 taine Shrimpe (a quondam Drummer,) such a wellcome, as 
 would have made him wish for a Drume as bigg as Diogenes 
 tubb, that hee might have crept into it out of sight. 
 
 Now the nine Wortiiies are approached ; and mine Host pre- 
 pared : having intelligence by a Salvage, that hastened in love 
 from Wessaguscus, to give him notice of their intent. 
 
 One of mine Hosts men prooved a craven : the other had 
 prooved his wits to purchase a little valoure, before mine Host 
 had observed his posture. 
 
 The nine worthies comming before the Denne of this sup- 
 posed Monster, (this seaven headed hydra, as they termed him) 
 and began like Don Quixote against the Windmill , , 
 
 to beate a party, and to offer quarter (if mine Host 
 would yeald) for they resolved to send him for England, and 
 bad him lay by his amies. 
 
 But hee (who was the Sonne of a Souldier) having taken up 
 armes in his just defence, replyed, that hee would not lay by those 
 armes, because they were so needfull at Sea, if hee should be 
 sent over. Yet (to save the effusion of so much worthy bloud, 
 as would haue issued, out of the vaynes of these 9. worthies of 
 New Canaan, if mine Host should have played upon them out 
 at his port holes (for they came within danger like a flocke of 
 wild geese, as if they had bin tayled one to another, as coults 
 
96 New Enolish Canaan. 
 
 to be sold at a faiei) mine Host was content to yeelde upon 
 quarter; and did capitulate with them: in what manner it 
 should be lor more certainety, because hee knew what Cap- 
 taine Shrimpe was. 
 
 Hee expressed, that no violence should be of- 
 captaine Shrimpe fered to his Dcrson, none to his goods, nor any of 
 
 promiaeth, that , . tt i Ti i i i i ill i • 
 
 novioiencethauid Ills Howsehold : but that hec should have his 
 
 hre offered to hit i i i • • r i 
 
 person. armes, and what els was requisit tor the voyage^ 
 
 (which their Herald retornes,) it was agreed upoDy 
 and should be perfoi'med. 
 
 But mine Host no sooner had set open the dore and issued 
 out : but instantly Captaine Shrimpe, and the rest of the wortieS' 
 stepped to him, layd hold of his armes ; and had him downe^ 
 and so eagerly was every man bent against him (not regarding 
 any agreement made with such a carnall man,) that they fell 
 upon him, as if they would have eaten him : some of them 
 were so violent, that they would have a slice with scabbert and 
 all for haste, untill an old Souldier (of the Queenes as the 
 Proverbe is) that was there by accident, clapt his 
 luke'iyor'their guDue uodcr the weapons, and sharply rebuked 
 umvorthy prncti- ^i^q^q worthics for their unworthy practises. So 
 the matter was taken into more deliberate consi- 
 deration. 
 
 Captaine Shrimpe and the rest of the nine worthies, made 
 themselves (by this outragious riot) Masters of mine Hoste of 
 Ma-re Mount, and disposed of what hee had at his plantation. 
 
 This they knew (in the eye of the Salvages) would add to 
 their glory ; and diminish the reputation of mine honest Host, 
 whome they practised to be ridd of, upon any termes, as wil- 
 lingly as if hee had bin the very Hidra of the time. 
 
 Chap. XVI. 
 
 How the 9. worthies put mine Host of Ma-re- Mount 
 into the inchaunted, Castle at Plimmouthy and ter- 
 rified him with the Monster Briareus. 
 
 THe nine Worthies of New Canaan having now the Law 
 in their owne hands (there being no generall Govern^ 
 our in the Land : nor none of the Seperation that re- 
 garded, the duety they owe their Soveraigne, whose naturall 
 borne Subjects they were : though translated out of Holland : 
 from whence they had learned to worke all to their owne ends, 
 
i\ew Engliah Canaan. 97 
 
 and make a great shew of Religion, but no humanity, for they 
 were now to sit in Counsell on the cause. 
 
 And much it stood mine honest Host upon, to be very cir- 
 cumspect, and to take Eacus to taske : for that his voyce was 
 more allowed of, then both the other: and had not mine Host 
 confounded all the arguments that Eacus could make in their 
 defence : and confuted him tb.at swaied the rest, they would 
 have made him unable to drinke in such manner of merriment 
 any more. So that following this private counsell, given him 
 by one that knew who ruled the rost, the Hiracano ceased that 
 els would split his pinace. 
 
 A conclusion was made, and sentence given, that mine Host 
 should be sent to England a prisoner. But when hee was 
 brought to the sliipps for that purpose, no man durst be so foole 
 hardy as to undertake carry him. So these Worthies set mine 
 Host upon an Island, without gunne, powther, or 
 shot, or dog^e, or so much as a knife, to get any Mine Host set 
 
 , . ' „*==, ' 11111 vpon an Island 
 
 thmge to leede upon or any other cloathes to snel- ivtthout any thwg 
 ter him with at winter then a thinne suite which ["dfi. 
 hee had one at that time. Home hee could not get 
 to Ma-re-Mount upon this Island. Hee stayed a moneth at 
 least, and was releeved by the Salvages that tooke notice that 
 mine Host was a Sachem of Passonagessit, and would bring 
 bottles of strong liquor to him, and unite themselves into a 
 league of brother hood with mine Host ; so full of humanity are 
 these infidels before these Christians. 
 
 From this place for England, sailed mine Host in a Plim- 
 mouth shipp, (that came into the Land to fish upon the Coast,) 
 that landed him safe in England at Plimroouth, and hee stayed 
 in England untill the ordinary time for shipping to set forth for 
 these parts ; and then retorned : Noe man being able to taxe 
 him of any thinge. 
 
 But the Worthies (in the meane time) hoped they had bin 
 ridd of him. 
 
 Chap. XVII. 
 
 Of the Baccanall Triumphe of the nine ivorthus of 
 New Canaan, 
 
 THe Seperatists were not so contended, (when mine Host 
 of Ma-re-Mount was gone) but they were as much dis- 
 contended when hee was retorned agaiiie : and the ra- 
 ther, because theire passages about him, and the businesse, 
 
 13 
 
9B JVeio English Canaan. 
 
 were so much derided ; and in songes exemplified : which (for 
 better satisfaction of such as are in that kinde affected) I have 
 set forth as it was then in use by the name of the BuccanaU 
 Triimjphc, as foUoweih : 
 
 THE POEM. 
 
 Ismg tK' adventures of mine ivorthy wights. 
 And pitty H is I cannot call them Knights, 
 Since they had brawne and brainc and were 
 right able, 
 To be installed of Prince Arthures table. 
 Yet all of them were Squires of loio degree, 
 As did appeare by rules of heraldry, 
 The Magi tould of a prodigeous birth, 
 That shortly should be found upon the earth. 
 By Archimedes art, which they misconster, 
 Vnto their Land would proove a hiddeous monster. 
 Seaven heades it had, and twice so many feete, 
 Arguing the body to be tvondrous greate, 
 Besides a forJced taile heov'd up on highe. 
 As if it threaten'd battell to the skie, 
 The Rumor of this fearefull prodigy, 
 Did cause th' effeminate raultitude to cry, 
 For want of great Alcides aide and stood. 
 Like People that have seene Medusas head, 
 Great was the greife of hart, great ivas the mone, 
 And great the fear e conceaved by every one. 
 Of Hydras hiddeous forme and dreadfull powre. 
 Doubting in time this Monster ivould devours, 
 All their best flocks whose dainty wolle consorts. 
 It selfe ivith Scarlet in all Princes Courts, 
 Not lason nor the adventerous youths of Greece, 
 Did bring from Colcos any richer Fleece, 
 In Emulation of the Gretian force. 
 These Worthies nine prepar\l a woodden horse, 
 And pricked with pride of like successe divise. 
 How they may purchase glory by this prize, 
 And if they give to Hidreas head the fall. 
 It will remaine a plat forme unto all, 
 Theire brave atchivements , and in time to comme. 
 Per fas aut nef as theyH erect a throne. 
 Cloubs are turne'd trumps : so noiv the loit is cast, 
 With fire and sivord, to Hidras den they haste, 
 
Neu^ Englis/i Canaan. 99 
 
 Mars in th' asscndant, Soil in Cancer now. 
 
 And LdCrna Lake to Plutos court must how. 
 
 What though they rcbukUl hy thundering love, 
 
 Tis neither Gods nor men that can remove, 
 
 Their mindes from making this a dismall day, 
 
 These nine icill now he actors in this play, 
 
 And Sum on Uidra to ajjpeare a non. 
 
 Before their witlcs Comhination, 
 
 But his undaunted spirit nursd with meate. 
 
 Such as the Cecrops gave their habe to eate, 
 
 Scorn'd their hase accons, for with Cecrops charme, 
 
 Hee knew he could defend himselfe from harme, 
 
 Of Minos, Eacus, and Radamand, 
 
 Princes of Limbo who must out of hand, 
 
 {Jonsult bout Hidra what must noto he done, 
 
 fVho having sate in Counsell one by one, 
 
 Retorne this ansivere to the Stiggean feinds, 
 
 And first grim Minos spake : most loving freinds, 
 
 Hidra prognosticks mine to our state, 
 
 And that our Kingdome will grow desolate. 
 
 But if one head from thence be tane away, 
 
 The Body and the members will decay, 
 
 To take in hand, ivhat Eacus this taske. 
 
 Is such as harebrained Phaeton did aske. 
 
 Of Phebus to begird the world about. 
 
 Which graunted put the Netherlands to rout. 
 
 Presumptions fooles learne ivit at too much cost. 
 
 For life and laboure both at once hee lost, 
 
 Sterne Radamantm being last to speakc, 
 
 Made a great hum and thus did silence brcake, 
 
 What if with ratling chaines or Iron bands, 
 
 Hidra he bound either by feete or hands, 
 
 And after being lashed ivith smarting rodds, 
 
 Hee be conveyed by Stix unto the godds, 
 
 To he accused on the upper ground. 
 
 Of Lesic Majestatis this crime found, 
 
 Twill he unpossible from thence I trowe, 
 
 Hidra shall come to trouble us belowe. 
 
 This sentence pleasd the friends exceedingly, 
 
 That up they tost their bonnets and did cry, 
 
 Long live our Court in great prosperity. 
 
 The Sessions ended some did straight devise. 
 
 Court Revells antiques and a world of joyes, 
 
 Brave Christmas gambals, there ivas open hall, 
 
 Kept to the full: and sport the Divell and all, 
 
100 Nav Englisli Cancan. 
 
 Labourcs despised the homes are. laid away, 
 And this inoduinid the Stigean Hollidaij, 
 In came grim JSlino with his motly heard, 
 And brought a distillation ivell prepared, 
 And Eacus who is as suer as text, 
 Came in icith his preparatives the next, 
 Then Radamantus last and principall, 
 Feasted the fVorthies in his sumptuous hall, 
 There Caron Cerherous and the rout of feinds, 
 Had lap ejiough and so their pastims ends. 
 
 THE ILLVSTR ATION S. 
 
 NOw to illustrate this Poem, and make the sence more 
 plaine, it is to be considered that the Persons at IMa-re- 
 Mount were seaven, and they iiad seaven heads and 14. 
 feete, these were accounted Kidra with the seaven heads ; and 
 the Maypole with the Homes nailed neere the topp, was the 
 forked tayle of this supposed Monster, which they (for want of 
 skill) imposed: yet feared in time (if they hindred not mine 
 Host) hee would hinder the benefit of their Beaver trade, as 
 hee had done (by meanes of this helpe) in Kyny back river 
 finely, ere they were a wares; who comming too late, were 
 much dismaide to finde that mine Host liis boate had gleaned 
 away all beforet hey came ; which Beaver is a fitt companion for 
 Scarlett : and I beleeve that lasons golden Fleece was either 
 the same, or some other Fleece not of so much value. 
 
 This action bred a kinde of hart burning in the Plimmouth 
 Planters who after sought occasion against mine Host to over- 
 throwe his undertakings, and to destroy his Plantation, whome 
 they accoumpted a maine enemy to theire Church and State. 
 
 Now when they had begunne with him, they thought best to 
 proceede : for asmuch as they thought themselves farre enough 
 from any controule of lustice ; and therefore resolved to be their 
 owne carvers: (and the rather, because they presumed upon 
 some incouragement they had from the favourites of their Sect 
 in England :) and with fire and sword nine in number pursued 
 mine Host ; who had escaped theire hands in scorne of what 
 they intended, and betooke him to his habitation in a night of 
 great thunder and lightening, when they durst not follow him, 
 as hardy, as these nine worthies seemed to be. 
 . It was in the Moneth of lune, that these Marshallists had ap- 
 pointed to goe about this mischeifous project, and deale so crab- 
 bidly with mine Host. 
 
A't'W Enolis/i Oinaan. 101 
 
 After a parly, liee capitulated with them about the quarter, 
 they proiiered him, if hee would consent to goe for England, 
 there to answere (as they pretended) some thing they could 
 object against him principal! to the general] : But what it would 
 be hee cared not, neither was it any thing materiall. 
 
 Yet when quarter was agreed uj)on, they contrary wise, 
 abused him, and carried him to theire towne of Plimniouth, 
 wheie (if they had thought hee durst have gone to England) 
 rather then they would have bin any more affronted by him, 
 ■ they would have dispatched him, as Captaine Shrimp in a rage, 
 profest that hee would doe with his Pistol! as mine Host should 
 set his foote into the boate. Howsoever the cheife Elders voyce 
 in that place was more powerful! than any of the rest ; who 
 conclude to send mine Host witliout any other thing to be done 
 to liim. And this being the final! agreement, (contrary to 
 Slnimpe and others,) the nine Worthies had a great Feast 
 made, and tlie I'urmity pott was provided, for the boats gang 
 by no allowance : and all manner of pastime. 
 
 Captaine Shrimpe was so overjoyed in the performance of 
 this exployt ; that they had, at tliat time, extraordinary merri- 
 ment ; a thing not usual! amongst those presisians) and when 
 the winde served, they toolce mine Host into their Shallop ; 
 hoysed Saile, and carried him to the Northern parts ; where 
 they left him upon a Island. 
 
 Chap. XVI 1 1. 
 
 Of a Doctor made at a Commencement in Neiv Ca- 
 naan 
 
 THe Church of Plimmouth having due regard to the 
 weale publike, and the Brethren, that were to come 
 over ; and knowing that they would be busily imployed 
 to make provision for the cure of Soules, and therefore might 
 neglect the body for that time : did hold themselves to be in 
 duety bound, to make search for a fitting man that might be 
 able (if so neede required) to take the chardge upon , ^ „ „ , 
 
 \, , r • 1 ^ ? r -^ Cotmcell called. 
 
 him m that place ol imployment : and thereiore 
 called a Counsell of the whole Synagoge : amongst which com- 
 pany they choose out a man, that long time had bin nurst up 
 in the tender bosome of the Church : one that had speciall gifts : 
 hee could wright and reade, nay more : hee had tane the oath 
 
103 Ntrv Evs:lish Canaan. 
 
 ^' 
 
 of abjuration, which is a special! stepp, yea and a maine degree 
 anto perferment, Him they w eane : and out of Fhaos boxe filt 
 him with speciall guifts of no lesse worth : they stile him Doc- 
 tor and forth they send liim to gaine imployenient and opinion. 
 
 What luck is it I cannot hit on his name : but I will give you 
 him by a periphrasis, that you may know liim when you meete 
 him next. 
 
 Hee was borne at Wrington in the County of Somerset, 
 where hee was bred a Butcher. Hee weares a longe beard, and 
 a Garment like the Greeke that beggd in Pauls Church. This 
 new made Doctor comes to Salem to congratulate : where hee 
 findes some are newly come from Sea, and ill at ease. 
 
 Hee takes the patient, and the urinall : vies the State there: 
 findes the Crasis Syptomes, and the attomi natantes : and tells 
 the patient that his disease was winde, which hee had tane by 
 gapeing, feasting, over board at Sea, but hee would quickly ease 
 him of that greife, and quite expell the winde. And this hee 
 did performe, with his gifts hee had : and then hee handled the 
 patient so handsomely, that hee eased him of all the winde, hee 
 had in an instant. 
 
 And yet I hope this man may be forgiven, if hee were made 
 a fitting Plant for Heaven. 
 
 How hee went to worke with his gifts is a question yet hee 
 did a great cure for Captaine Littleworth, hee cured him of a 
 disease called a wife : and yet I hope this man may be forgiven 
 if shee were made a fitting plant for heaven. 
 
 By this meanes hee was allowed 4. p. a moneth, and the 
 chirgeons chest, and made Phisition general! of Salem : where 
 hee exercised his gifts so well, that of full 42. that there hee 
 tooke to cure, there is not one has more cause to complaine, or 
 can say black's his eie. This saved Captaine Littleworths cre- 
 dit, that had truck'd away the vittels : though it brought forth 
 a scandall on the Country by it, and then I hope this man may 
 be forgiven, if they were all made fitting plants for Heaven. 
 
 But in mine opinion, hee deserves to be set upon a palfrey, 
 
 and lead up and downe in triumph throw new Canaan, with a 
 
 coller of lurdans about his neck, as was one of like desert in 
 
 Richard the seconds time through the streets of London, that 
 
 men might know where to finde a 
 
 Quacksaluer. 
 
JVctv English Canaan. 103 
 
 v^ 
 
 Chap. XIX. 
 
 Of the silencing of a Minister in New Canaan. 
 
 A silenced Minister out of courteousnesse, came over into 
 new Canaan to play the spie : Hee pretended out of a 
 zealous intent to doe the Salvages good, and to teach 
 iheni. Hee brought a great Bundell of Home books with him, 
 and careful! hee was (good man) to blott out all the crosses of 
 them, for feare least the people of the land should become Idola- 
 ters. Hee was in hope, with his gifts, to prepare a gi'eat audi- 
 tory against great losua should arive there. 
 
 Hee applyed himselfe on the weeke dayes to the trade of 
 Beaver, but it was (as might seeme) to purchase the principall 
 benefite of the Lande, w^hen the time should come ; for hee 
 liad a hope to be the Caiphas of the Country: and well hee 
 might, for hee was higher by the head than any of his tribe that 
 came after him. 
 
 This man, it seemes, played the spie very handsomely, For 
 in the exercise of his guifts on the Lords day at 
 Weenasimute, hee espied a Salvage come in with nu caiphns that 
 
 J T^ ^ 1^1 • . coutlcmueth Ca- 
 
 ll good Jbeaver coate, and tooke occasion to re- vetousnesse, and 
 
 proove the covetous desire of his auditory to trade "m^e'ije!'' "^ 
 
 for Beaver on those dayes ; which made them all 
 
 use so much modesty about the matter for the present, that hee 
 
 found opportunity, the same day, to take the Salvage a side 
 
 into a corner, where (with the helpe of his Wampampeack, hee 
 
 had in his pocket for that purpose in a readinesse,) hee made a 
 
 shifte to get that Beaver coate, which their mouthes watered 
 
 at ; and so deceaved them all. 
 
 But shortly after, when losua came into the Land, hee had 
 
 soone spied out Caiphas practise ; and put him to silence ; and 
 
 either hee must put up his pipes, and be packing or forsake 
 
 lonas posture, and play Demas part alltogether. 
 
 Chap. XX. 
 
 Of the Practise of the Seperatists to gctt a snare to 
 hamper mine Host of Ma-re- Mount. 
 
 A 
 
 Lthough the nine Worthies had left mine Hoste upon an 
 Island, in such an inhumane manner, as yee heard before j 
 yet when they understood that hee had got shipping, 
 
lOi jyrw En£;/isfi Canaan. 
 
 and was gone to England of his owne accord, they dispatched 
 letters of advise to an Agent they had tlieie : and by the next 
 shipp sent after, to have a snare made, that might hamper mine 
 Host so, as hee might not any more trouble iheire 
 Tite gcneraii col- conscience : and to that end, made a generall col- 
 
 tccttou made. ■ f r-» i 
 
 lection of Beaver to defray the chardge, and hee 
 was not thought a good Christian that would not lay much out 
 fur that imployment. 
 
 Some contributed three pounds ; some foure, some five 
 pounds, and procured a pretty quantity by that Devise, which 
 should be given to a cunning man, that could make a snare to 
 hamper him. 
 
 The Agent (according to his direction,) does his endeavoure 
 
 (in the best manner hee could) to have this instrument made : 
 
 and used no little diligence to have it effected. His 
 
 fo"r the t^nZg reputation stood upon the taske imposed upon him 
 
 man! "''' against mine Host, the onely enemy (accounted) of 
 
 their Church, and State. 
 
 Much inquiry was made in London, and about, for a skillfull 
 man that would worke the feate. Noe cost was spared, for 
 gold hee had gx)od store, first hee inquires of one : and then 
 another : at the last hee heard newes of a very famous man, 
 one that was excellent at making subtile instruments such as 
 that age had never bin acquainted with. 
 
 Hee was well knowne to be the man, that had wit and won- 
 drous skill, to make a cunning instrument, where with to save 
 himselfe, and his whole family : if all the world besides should 
 be drown'd ; and this the best, yea and the best cheap too ; 
 for no good done, the man would nothing take. 
 
 To him this agent goes, and praies his aide : Declares his 
 cause, &; tells the substance of his greivance, all at large, and 
 laid before his eies a heape of gold. 
 ^, , , When all was shewd, that could be she'd, and 
 
 The heape uf gold. • i o ii v i r i 
 
 said what could be said, & all too little lor to have 
 it done; the agent then did see his gold refused, his cause de- 
 spised &. thought himselfe disgraced, to leave the worke undone: 
 so that hee was much dismaid, yet importun'd the cunnings who 
 found no reason to take the taske in hand. 
 
 Hee thought perhaps, mine Host (that had the slight to es- 
 cape from the nine Worthies, to chaine Argus eies, and by in- 
 chauntment make the doores of the watch tower fly open at an 
 instant) would not be hamjiercd, but v.ith much a doe: and so 
 hee was unwilling to be troubled with that taske. 
 
 The agent wondring to see that his gold would doe no good, 
 did aske, the cunning man if hee could give him no advise ? 
 
IScw English Canaan. 105 
 
 who said, hee would : and what was that thlnke you ? To let 
 
 mine Host alone, who being ship'd againe for the 
 
 parts of New Canaan, was put in at Pliinmouth in Mhte moat ar- 
 
 ', I. /. , , . ., , rivetl again in 
 
 the very laces oi them, to their terrible amazement pummouth. 
 to see him at liberty, and told him hee had not yet 
 fully answered the matter, they could object against him. Hee 
 onely made this modest reply, that hee did perceave they were 
 willfull people, that would never be answered ; and derided 
 them for their practises and losse of laboure. 
 
 Chap. XXI. 
 
 Of Captaine Littleworth his new devise for the pur- 
 chase of Beaver. 
 
 IN the meane time, whiles these former passages were : 
 There was a great swelling fellow, of Littleworth, crept 
 over to Salem (by the helpe of Master Char- 
 ter party the Tresorer, and Master Ananias increase charter party 
 the Collector for the Company of Seperatists.) to 
 take upon him their imployments for a time. 
 
 Hee resolving to make hay, whiles the Sonne did shine, first 
 pretended himselfe to be sent over as cheife lustice ol' the 
 Massachussets Bay, and Salem forsotli, and tooke unto him a 
 councell &t a worthy one no doubt ; For the Cowkeeper of 
 Salem, was a prime man in those imployments ; and to ad a 
 Majesty (as hee thought) to his new assumed . dignity, hee 
 caused the Patent of the Massachussets (new brought into the 
 Land) to be carried where hee went in his progresse to and 
 froe, as an embleme of his authority : which the vulger peo- 
 ple not acquainted with, thought it to be some instrument of 
 Musick locked up in that covered case, and thought (for so 
 some said) this man of littleworth had bin a fidler, and the 
 rather, because hee had put into the mouthes of poore silly 
 things that were sent a longe with him, what skill hee had in 
 Engines and in things of quaint devise : all which prooved in 
 conclusion to be but impostury. 
 
 This man thinking none so worthy as himselfe, if arrant, made 
 tooke upon him infinitely: and made warrants in wort/fin hu''^' 
 his owne name (without relation to his Majesties '"""*" 
 authority in that place,) and summoned a generall apparance, 
 at the worshipfull towne of Salem : there is open assembly 
 14 
 
106 New English Canaan. 
 
 was tendered certaine Articles, devised betweene him aFid 
 their new Pastor Master Eager (that had renounced his old 
 calling to the Ministry receaved in England, by warrant of 
 Gods word ; and taken a new one there by their fantasticall 
 way imposed and conferred upon him with some special] guifta 
 had out of Phaos boxe.) 
 
 To these Articles every Planter, old, and new^ must signc* : 
 or be expelled from any manner of aboade wkhin the Com pas 
 of the Land contained within that graunt then shewed : which 
 was so large, it would suffice for Elbow roome, for more then 
 were in all the Land by 700000. such an army might have 
 planted them a Colony with that cirquit which bee challenged^ 
 and not contend for roome for their Cattell. But for all ihat^ 
 bee that should refuse to subscribe, must pack. 
 
 The tenor of the Articles were these : That in all causes 
 as well Ecclesiasticall, as PoUtticaU, wee should follow the rule 
 of Gods u'ord. 
 
 This made a shew of a good intent, and all the 
 fcrlbJdn'Lr^ assembly (onely mine Host replyed) did subscribe : 
 bee would not unlesse they would ad this Caution : 
 So as nothing be done contrary, or repugnant to the Ijawes of 
 the Kingdome of England. These words bee knew, by for- 
 mer experience, were necessary, and without these, the same 
 would proove a very mousetrapp to catch some body by his 
 owne consent, (which tlie rest nothing suspected) for the con- 
 struction of the worde would be made by them of the Seperation, 
 to serve their owne turnes : and if any man should, in such a 
 case be accused of a crime (though in it selfe it were petty) 
 they might set it on the tenter hookes of their imaginary gifts 
 and stretch it, to make it seeme cappitall ; which was the rea- 
 son why mine Host refused to subscribe. 
 
 , „ It was then agreed upon, that there should be 
 
 The Patent, o ' . . 
 
 one generall trade used within that Patent (as bee 
 said) and a generall stock : and every man to put in a parte : 
 and every n)an, for his person, to have shares alike : and for 
 their stock according to the ratable proportion was put in : and 
 this to continue for 12. moneths: and then to call an accompt. 
 
 All were united but mine Host refused : two; 
 
 butniVnltt. truckmasters were chosen ; wages prefixed ; onely 
 
 mine Host put in a Caviat, that the wages might be 
 
 payed but of the cleare proffit, which there in black and white 
 
 was plainely put downe. 
 
 But before the end of 6. moneths, the partners in this stock 
 (handled by the Truckmasters) would have an accompt : some 
 of themliad perceaved that Wampambeacke could be pocket- 
 
New English Canaan. 107 
 
 'b 
 
 ted up, and the underlings (that went in the boats alonge) would 
 be neere the Wiser for any thinge, but what was trucked for 
 Beaver onely. 
 
 The accoumpt being made betweene Captaine Littleworth, 
 and the two Truckmasters ; it was found, that in- 
 stead of increasing the proffit. they have decreased j/ifpromtf ^^"-^^ 
 it ; for the principall stock, by this imployment, was 
 freetted so, that there was a great hole to be seene in the very 
 middle of it which cost the partners afterwards one hundred 
 markes to stopp. and make good to Captaine Littleworth. 
 
 But mine Host that sturred not his foote at all for the matter, 
 did not onely save his stock from such a Cancar, but gained sixe 
 and seaven for one : in the meane time, hee derided the Con- 
 tributers for being catch'd in that snare. 
 
 Chap. XXII. 
 
 Of a Sequestration made in New Canaan. 
 
 CAptaine Littleworth (that had an akeing tooth at mine 
 Host of Ma-re-Mount,) devised how hee might put a 
 trick upon him, by colour of a Sequestration, and got 
 some persons to pretend that hee had corne, and other goods of 
 theirs in possession ; and the rather, because mine Host had 
 store of corne ; and hee had improvidently truckt his store, for 
 the present gaine of Beaver : in so much that his people under 
 his chardge were put to short allowance ; which caused some 
 of them to sicken with conceipt of such useage : and some of 
 them (by the practise of the new entertained Doctor Noddy, 
 with his Imaginary gifts : They sent therefore to exhibit a peti- 
 tion to grim Minos, Eacus, and Radamant : where they wished 
 to have the author of their greife to be converted : and they 
 had procured it quickly : if curses would have caused it : for 
 good prayers would be of no validity (as they supposed) in 
 this extremity. 
 
 Now in this extremity Capt. Littleworth gave commission to 
 such as hee had found ready for such imployments, 
 to enter in the bowse at Ma-re-Mount, and with a corIZ""" "' 
 shallop, to bring from thence such corne, and other 
 utensilles, as in their commission hee had specified. But mine 
 Host, wary to prevent eminent mischeife, had conveyed his 
 powther, and shott (and such other things as stood him in most 
 steed for his present condition) into the woods for safety : &i 
 
108 ^ew English Catifimu 
 
 whiles this was put in practise by him, the shallop was landed, 
 and the Commissioners entred the howse ; and willlidly bent 
 against mine honest Host, that loved good hospitality. After 
 they had feasted their bodies with that they found 
 &'^lo"Trfirrhf'u there, they carried all his corne away, with some 
 feS*^'""" other of his goods, contrary to the Lawes of hos- 
 pitality : a smale parcell of refuse corne onely ex- 
 cepted, which they left mine Host to keepe Christmas with. 
 
 But when they were gone, mine Host, fell to make use of 
 his gunne, (as one that had a good faculty in tlie use of that in- 
 strument) and feasted his body neverthelesse with fowle, and 
 venison, which bee purchased with the helpe of that instrument : 
 the plenty of the Country, and the commodiousnes of the place 
 affording meanes by the blessing of God ; and bee did but 
 deride Captaine Littleworth, that made his servants snap shorte 
 in a Country so much abounding with plenty of foode for an 
 industrious man, with great variety. 
 
 c 11 A P. xxiir. 
 
 Of a great Bonfire made for ioij of the arrivall of great 
 losua surnamed Ternperwell into the Land of Ca- 
 naan. 
 
 SEaven shipps set forth at once, and altogether arrived in 
 the Land of Canaan, to take a full possession thereof: 
 What are all the V2. Tribes of new Israeli come: No, 
 none but the tribe of Issacar ; and some few scattered Levites 
 of the remnant of those that were descended of old Elies bowse. 
 And here comes their losua too among them and they make 
 it a more miraculous thing for these seaven shipps to set forth 
 together, and arrive at New Canaan together, then it was for 
 the Israelites to goe over Jordan drishod : perhaps it was, be- 
 cause they had a wall on the right hand and a wall on the left hand. 
 These Seperatists suppiose there was no more difficulty in the 
 matter, then for a man to finde the way to the Counter at noone 
 dayes, betweene a Sergeant and his yeoman : Now you may 
 thinke mine Host will be hamperd or never. 
 
 These are the men that come prepared to ridd 
 tondtheinrui the Land, of all pollution. These are more sub- 
 ofiioiution. ^j|g^ ^1^^^ ^l^g Cunning, that did refuse a goodly 
 
 heap of gold. These men have brought a very snare indeed ; 
 
JVew English Canaan. 109 
 
 and now mine Host must suffer. The book of Common Prayer 
 which hee used to be despised: and hee must not be spared. 
 
 Now they are come, his dooine before hand was concluded 
 on ; they have a warrant now : A cheife one too ; and now 
 mine Host must know hee is the subject of their hatred : the 
 Snare must now be used ; this instrument must not be brought 
 by losua in vaine. 
 
 A Court is called of purpose for mine host; hee a cowte cniten 
 there convented : and must heare his doome,'be- """'"''"' 
 fore hee goe: nor will they admitt him to capitulate, and know 
 wherefore they are so violent to ])ut such things in practise 
 against a man they never saw before : nor will they allow of it, 
 though hee decline their lurisdiction. 
 
 There they are all with one assent put him to A-iUvcUhhsen- 
 
 ence, crymg out, heare the (jovernour, heare " 
 
 the Govern : who gave this sentence against mine Host at 
 first sight : that he should be first put in the Billbowes, his 
 goods should be all confiscated ; his Plantation should be burned 
 downe to the ground, because the habitation of the wicked 
 should no more appeare in Israeli ; and his person banished 
 from those territories, and this put in execution with all 
 speed e. 
 
 The harmeles Salvages (his neigliboures) came Thesaim^cs 
 the while, greived poore silly lambes : to see what ^''"""'^'^ '""• 
 they went about ; and did reproove these Eliphants of 
 witt for their inhumane deede the Lord above did o|)on their 
 mouthcs like Balams Asse, &; made them speake in his behalfe 
 sentences, of unexpected divinity, besides n:iorrallity ; and tould 
 them, that god would not love them, that burned this good 
 mans bowse : and plainely sayed, that they who were new come 
 would finde the want of such a bowses in the winter; so much 
 themselves to him confest. 
 
 The smoake that did assend appeared to be the very Sacrifice 
 of Kain. Mine Host (that a fane of abourd a ship 
 
 1-11 1 1 I 1 1 • c 11 1 \ 1 Epicletus sum- 
 
 did there behold this woluil spectacle,) knew not ma tctw phuo- 
 what hee should doe, in this extremity ; but heare 
 and forbeare, as Epictetus sayes : it was bootelesse to exclaimc. 
 Hee did consider then, these transitory things are but hidihria 
 fortuna. as Cicero calls them. All was burnt downe to the 
 ground, and nothing did remaine, but the bare ashes as an em- 
 bleme of their cruelty : and unles it could (like to the Phe- 
 nix) rise out of these ashes, and be new againe, (to the immor- 
 tall glory and renowne, of this fertile Canaan the new, the 
 stumpes and postes in their black liveries will mourne ; and 
 piety it selfe will add a voyce to the bare remnant of that INIon- 
 
1 1 New English Canaan. 
 
 iinient, and make it cry for recoinpence (or else revenge) against 
 the Sect of crucU Schismaticks. 
 
 Chap. XXIV. 
 
 Of the digrading and creating gentry in New Canaan. 
 
 rTlHere was a zealous Professor in the Land of Canaan 
 
 I (growne a great Merchant in the Beaver trade) that 
 -^ came over for his conscience sake, (as other men have 
 done) and the meanes ; (as the phrase is) who in his minority 
 had bin prentice to a tonibe maker ; who comming to more 
 ripenes of yeares (though lesse discretion,) found a kind of 
 scruple in his conscience, that the trade was in parte against the 
 second commandement : and therefore left it off wholely, and 
 betooke himselfe to some other imployments. 
 
 In the end hee settled upon this course : where hee had hope 
 , ^,, of preferrement, and become one of those thinu;s 
 
 that any ludas might hange himselfe upon, that is 
 an Elder. 
 
 Hee had bin a man of some recconing in his time (as him- 
 selfe would boast) for hee was an officer, just under the Ex 
 Chequer at Westminister, in a place called Phlegeton : there 
 hee was comptroller, and conversed with noe plebeians I tell 
 you : but such as have angels or their attendance, (1 meane 
 some Lawyers, with appertenances (that is Clarks,) with whome 
 a lugg of Beare, and a crusty rolle in the terme, is as currant 
 as a three penny scute at Hall time. 
 
 There is another place, thereby called sticks : these are to 
 two daingerous places, by which the infernall gods do sweare : 
 but this of Sticks is the more daingerous of the two, because 
 there, (if a man be once in) hee cannot tell how to get out 
 againe handsomely. 
 
 1 knew an under sheriff was in unwaires, and hee laboured 
 to be free of it : yet hee broake his back before hee got so farre 
 as quietus est : There is no such danger in Phlegeton, where 
 this man of so much recconing was comptroller. 
 
 J- ., J Hee being here, waited an opportunity to be 
 
 losua displeatea. . ii-rii i i 
 
 made a gentl. and, now it lell out that a gent, newly 
 come into the land of Canaan (before hee knew what ground 
 hee stood upon) had incurred the displeasure of great losua so 
 Jiighly, that hee must therefore be digraded. 
 
 No reconciliation could be had for him : all hopes were past 
 
J^ew English Canaan. 1 1 1 
 
 for that matter : Where upon this man of much recconing) pre- 
 tendnig a grauntof the approach hi avoydance) helpes the lame 
 dogge over the stile : and was as jocund on the matter as a 
 Magpie over a Mutton. 
 
 Wherefore the Heralls with Drums, and Trumpets, pro- 
 claiming in a very solemne manner, that it was the pleasure of 
 great losua (for divers and sundry very good causes 
 and considerations, Master Temperwell there unto ^erwllJ^'"' 
 especially mooving) to take away the title, preroga- 
 tive and preheminence of the Delinquent, so unworthy of it, 
 and to place the same upon a Professor of more recconing : so 
 that it was made a penall thing for any man after, to lifte the 
 same man againe on the top of that stile ; but that hee should 
 stand perpetually digraded from that prerogative. And the place 
 by this meanes being voyde, this man of so much more reck- 
 oning, was receaved in like a Cypher to fill up a roome, and was 
 made a Gentleman of the first head ; and his Coate of Armes 
 blazon'd and tricked out fit for that purpose, in this Poem fol- 
 lowing. 
 
 THE POEM. 
 
 WHat ailes Pigmalion ? Is it Lunacy ; 
 Or Doteage on his oume Imagery 1 
 Let him remember how hec came from Hell, 
 That after ages by record may tell, 
 The Complcate story to posterity ; 
 Blazon his Coate in forme of Heraldry ; 
 
 Hee beareth argent alivaies at commaund ; ^"' " """ '"'"y- 
 A barre bciweene three crusty rolls at hand: 
 And for Jiis crest with froth there does appeare, 
 Dextra Faw Elevant a lugg of beare. . 
 
 Now that it may the more easily be understood, 1 have here 
 endeavoured to set it forth in these illustrations following Pig- 
 malion was an Image maker, who doteing on his owne perfec- 
 tion in making the Image of Venus, grew to be amazed man, 
 like our Gentleman here of the first head : and by the figure 
 Antonomasia is hee herein exemplified. 
 
 Hee was translated from a tombe maker, to be the tapster at 
 hell (which is in Westminister under the Ex-Chequer office 
 (for the benefit of the meanes) hee translated himselfe into 
 New England : whereby the help of Beaver and the command 
 of a servent or two, hee was advaunced to the title of a gentle- 
 man ; where I left him to the exercise of his guifts. 
 
1 12 jVcw Engllsk Canaan. 
 
 Chap. XXV. 
 
 Of the manner fiow the Seperatists doe pay debts to 
 them that are without. 
 
 THere was an honest man, one JVP. Innocence Fairecloath 
 by M''. iMathias Charterparty, sent over into New Ca- 
 naan, to raise a very good marchantable commodity for 
 his beneGt ; lor whiles the man was bound by covenant to stay 
 for a ti!ne, and to imploy such servants, as did there belong to 
 M''. Charterparty. Hee disdained the tenents of the Sepera- 
 tists : and they also (finding him to be none,) disdained to be 
 imployed by a carnall man (as they termed him) and sought 
 occasion against him, to doe him a mischeife, intelligence was 
 conveyed to AP. Charterparty, that this man was a member of 
 the Church of England : and therefore (in their account) an 
 enemy to their Church, k, state. And (to the end they might 
 have some coloure against him) some of them practised to get 
 into his debte ; which hee not mistrusting) suffered : and gave 
 credit for such commodity as hee had sold at a price. When 
 the day of payment came, insteede of monyes ; hee being at 
 that time sick and weake, and stood in neede of 
 coodPayement. ^j^^ Beaver hcc had contracted for hee, had an 
 Epistle full of zealous exhortations, to provide for the soule, 
 and not to minde these transitory things that perished with the 
 body ; and to be thinke himselfe whether his conscience would 
 be so prompt to demaund so greate a somme of Beaver as had 
 bin contracted for. Hee was further exhorted therein to consi- 
 der hee was but a steward for a time, and by all likely hood was 
 going to give up an accompt of his steward ship : and therfore 
 perswaded the creditor not to load his conscience with such a 
 i)urthen, which hee was bound by the Gospell to ease him of 
 (if it were possible) h for that cause hee had framed this Epis- 
 tle in such a freindly manner to put him in minde of it. The 
 perusall of this (lap'd in the paper) was as bad as a potion, to 
 the creditor, to see his debtor Master Subtilety a zealous pro- 
 fessor (as hee thought) to deride him in this extremity, that hee 
 could not chuse (in admiration of the deceipt) but cast out 
 these words : 
 
 Are these youre members ? if they be all like these I be- 
 leeve the Divell was the setter of their Chui'ch. 
 
 This was called in question, when M^ Fairecloath least 
 
Nriv F/)i<rlisfi Canaan. 113 
 
 tbouLjlu of it. Ca})t. Littlcworth must be the man must nn^sse 
 
 it aji'ainst liiiii, ior blasplicniy airainst the Chuich 
 
 of Salem : and to create losua Temnerwcll hee B!ns/,/:r„„j «» 
 
 . , u , , exnnipli-Jiiv car- 
 
 goes With a bitter accusation, to liave iVlaster Inno- "oii men. 
 cence made an example for all carnall men, to pie- 
 sume to speake the least word that mijj;ht tend to the dishonor 
 of the Church of Salem ; yea the mother Chuich of all that 
 holy Land. 
 
 And hee convented was before their Synagoge, where no 
 defence would serve his turne, yet was tjiere none to be seene 
 to accuse him, save the Court alone. 
 
 The time of his sicknes, nor the urgent cause, were not al- 
 lowed to be urg'd for him ; but whatsoever could be thought upon 
 against him was urged, seeing hee was a carnall man of them, 
 that are without. So that it seemes by those proceedinijs there 
 the matter was adjudged before he came : Hee onely brought to 
 lieare his sentence in publicke : which was, to have his tongue 
 bored through ; his nose slit ; his face branded ; his eares cut ; 
 his body to be whip'd in every severall plantation of theire lu- 
 risdiction : and a fine of forty pounds impo'd with perpetuall 
 banishment : and (to execute this vengeance) shackles (the 
 Deacon of Charles Towne) was as ready as JMephostophiles, 
 when Doctor Faustus was bent upon mischeife. 
 
 Hee is the purser generall of New Canaan, who (with his 
 whipp, with knotts most terrible) takes this man unto the Coun- 
 ting bowse : there capitulates with him, why hee should be so 
 hasty for payment, when Gods deare children must pay as they 
 are able : and hee weepes, and sobbes, and his handkercher 
 walkes as a signe of his sorrow for Master Fairecloaths sinne, 
 that hee should beare no better affection to the Church and the 
 Saints of New Canaan : and strips innocence the while and 
 comforts him. 
 
 Though hee be made to stay for payment, hee should not 
 thinke it longe ; the payment would be sure when it did come, 
 and hee should have his due to a doite ; hee should not wish 
 for a token more ; And then tould it him downe in ,. ,, „ 
 
 1 11 1 T-1 • 1 1 T 2yotnblc Pnij. 
 
 such manner, that hee made t airecloaths inno- 
 cent back, like the picture of Rawhead and blowdy bones : and 
 his shirte like pudding wifes aperon. In this imployment 
 shackles takes a greate felitity, and glories in the practise of it : 
 This cruell sentence was stoped, in part by Sir Christopher 
 Gardiner (then present at the execution) by expostulating with 
 Master Temperwell: who was content (with that whipping, 
 and the cutting of parte of his eares) to send Innocence going, 
 with the losse of all his goods to pay the fine imposed, and 
 
 15 
 
114 New English Canaan. 
 
 perpetuall banishment out of their Lands of New Canaan m 
 terroreni popuH. 
 
 Loe this is the payment you shall get, if you be one of them 
 they terme, without. 
 
 Chap. XXVI. 
 
 Of the Charity of the Scperatists. 
 
 Harity is sayd to be the darhng of Religion and is indeed 
 the Marke of a good Christian : But where we doe finde 
 a Commission for ministring to the necessity of the Saints, 
 we doe not finde any prohibition against casting our bread upon 
 the waters, were the unsanctified, as well as the sanctified, are 
 in possibility to make use of it. 
 
 1 cannot perceave that the Seperatists doe allowe of helping 
 our poore though they magnify tlieir practise in contributing to 
 the nourishment of their Saints For as much as some that are 
 of the number of those whom they terme without (though it 
 were in case of sicknesse) upon theire landing, when a little 
 fresh victuals would have recovered their healths, yet could 
 they not finde any charitable assistance from the. Nay mine 
 Host of Ma-re-Mount (if bee might have had the use of his 
 gunne powther, and shott, and his dogg : which were denied) bee 
 doubtles would have preserved, such poore helples wretches as 
 . . were necrlected by those that brought them over ; 
 
 Lame chanty. ,.1 /• i\i r 
 
 which was so apparant (as it seemed) that one ol 
 their owne tribe said : death of them would be required at some 
 bodies hands one day, (meaning Master Temperwell. 
 
 But such good must not come from a carnall man : if it come 
 from a member, then it is a sanctified worke ; if otherwise, it is 
 rejected, as unsanctified. 
 
 But when shackles wife, and such as had husbands parents, or 
 freinds happened to bee sick, mine Hosts helpe was used, and 
 instruments provided for him, to kill fresh vittell with (wherein 
 bee was industrious) and the persons, having fresh vittell, lived. 
 
 So doubtles might many others have bin preserved, but they 
 were of the number left without ; neither will those precise 
 people admit a carnall man into their bowses, though they have 
 made use of his in the like case, they are such antagonists to 
 those, that doe not comply with them and seeke to be admitted, 
 to be of their Church that in scorne they say : you may see 
 what it is to be without. 
 
New English Canaan, 115 
 
 '^ 
 
 Chap. XXVII. 
 
 Of the practise of their Church. 
 
 THe Churcli of the Seperatists, is governed by Pastors^ 
 Elders, and Deacons, and there is not any of these 
 (thouojh hee be but a Cow keeper) but is allowed to 
 exercise his guifts, in the publik assembly on the Lords day ; 
 so as hee doe not inakfe use of any notes for the helpe of his 
 memory : for such things they say smell of Lampe oyle, and 
 there must be no such unsavery perfume admitted, to come into 
 the congregation. 
 
 These are all publike preachers. There is amongst these 
 people a Deakonesse made of the sisters, that uses her guifts at 
 home in an assembly of her sexe, by way of repetition, or ex- 
 hortation : such is their practise. 
 
 The Pastor (before hee is allowed of) must disclaime his for- 
 mer calling to the Ministry, as hereticall ; and take a new cal- 
 ling after their fantasiicall inventions: and then hee is admitted 
 to bee their Pastor. 
 
 The manner of disclaimeing is, to renounce his calling with 
 bitter execrations, for the time that hee hath heretofore lived in 
 it : and after his new election, there is great joy conceaved at 
 his commission. 
 
 And theire Pastors have this preheminence above the Civile 
 Magistrate : Hee must first consider of tlie complaint, made 
 against a member : and if hee be disposed to give the partie 
 complained of, an admonition, there is no more to be said : if 
 not ; Hee delivers him over to the Magistrate to deale with him 
 in a course of Justice, according to theire practise, in cases of 
 that nature. 
 
 Of these pastors I have not knowne many : some I have ob- 
 served ; together with their carriage in New Canaan : and can 
 informe you what opinion hath bin conceaved of theire conditions 
 in the perticuler. There is one who (as they give it out there, 
 that thinke they speake it to advance his worth) has bin ex- 
 pected to exercise his gifts in an assembly, that stayed his com- 
 ming, (in the middest of his lorney) falls into a fitt (which they 
 terme a zealous meditation) and was 4. miles past the place ap- 
 pointed before hee came to himselfe, or did remember where 
 abouts hee went. And how much these things are different 
 from the actions of mazed men, I leave to any indifferent man 
 to judge ; and if I should say, they are all much alike, they 
 
116 NexD English Canaan. 
 
 that have seene and heard, what have done will not condemne 
 niee altogether. 
 
 Now for as much as by the practise of their Church every 
 Elder or Deacon may preach : it is not amisse to discover their 
 practise m that perticuler, before I part with them. 
 
 It has bin an old saying, and a true, what is bred in the bone 
 will not out of the flesh, nor the stepping into the pulpit that 
 can make the person filt for the imployment. The unfitnes of the 
 persorr undertaking to be the Messenger, has brought a blemish 
 upon the message, as in the time of Lewes the Eleventh King 
 of France; who (having advaunced his Barber to 
 Leives the 11. placc of Houor, and graced him with eminent 
 
 sent a Bnr/jer • i \ i i • i i 
 
 Embassador. titlcs) made him so presumptuous, to undertake 
 
 an Embassage to treat with forraine princes of 
 Civile affaires. 
 
 But what was the issue? Hee behaved himselfe unworthily 
 
 (yet as well as his breeding would give him leave} 
 "despfset^^"^' that both the Messenger and the message were 
 
 despised ; and had not hee (being discovered) con- 
 veyed himselfe out of their territories, they had made him pay 
 for his barbarous presumption. 
 
 Socrates sayes, loquere ut te videam. If a man observe 
 these people in the exercise of their gifts, hee may thereby dis- 
 cerne the tincture of their proper calling, the asses eares will 
 peepe through the lyons hide. I am sorry they cannot discerne 
 their owne infirmities I will deale fairely with them ; for I will 
 draw their pictures cap a pe, that you may discerne them plainely 
 from head to foote in their postures that so much bewitch (as I 
 may speake with modesty,) these illiterate people to be so fan- 
 tasticall, to take lonas taske upon them without sufficient war- 
 rant. 
 ^g^.^ ^ One steps up like the Minister of lustice with 
 
 the ballance onely, not the sword for feare of 
 affi'ighting his auditory. Hee poynts at a text, and handles it 
 as evenly as hee can ; and teaches the auditory, that the thing 
 hee has to deliver ; must be well waied, for it is a very pretious 
 thing, yet much more pretious then gold, or pearle : and hee 
 will teach them the meanes how to way things of that excel- 
 lent worth : that a man would suppose, hee, and his auditory 
 were to part stakes by the scale ; and the like distribution they 
 have used about a bag pudding. 
 ^ ^^^ ^^^ Another (of a more cutting disposition) steps in 
 
 his steed ; and hee takes a text, which hee divides 
 into many parts: (to speake truly) as many as hee list. The 
 fag end of it hee pares away, as a superfluous renmant. 
 
New E7is^lish Canaan. 117 
 
 Hee puts his auditory in comfort, that hee will make a gar- 
 ment for them : and teach tliem how they shall put it on ; and 
 incourages them to he in love with it. for it is of such a fashion 
 as doth best become a Christian man. Hee will assuer them 
 that it shall be armor of proffe against all assaults of Satan. 
 This garment (sayes hee) is not composed as the garments made 
 by a carnall man, that are sowed with a hot needle, and a burn- 
 ing thread ; but it is a garment that shall out last all the gar- 
 ments : and (if they will make use of it, as hee shall direct 
 them) they shall be able (like saint George) to terrific the greate 
 Dragon error ; and defend truth which error with her wide 
 chaps, would devoure : whose mouth shall be filled with the 
 shredds, and parings, which hee continually gapes for under the 
 cutting bourd. 
 
 A third, hee supplies the rome : and in the exer- ^' Tapster. 
 cise of his guifts begins with a text that is drawne 
 out of a fountaine, that has in it no dreggs of popery. This 
 shall proove unto you (says hee) the Cup of repentance, it is 
 not like unto the Cup of the Whore of Babilon, who will make 
 men drunk with the dreggs thereof: It is filled up to the brim 
 with comfortable Joyce, and will proove a comfortable cordiall 
 to a sick soule, (sayes hee,) And so hee bandies the matter as 
 if hee dealt by the pinte, and the quarte with Nic and Froth. 
 
 An other (a very learned man indeed) goes ano- ^^ ^^^^^^ 
 
 ther way to worke willi his auditory ; and exhorts 
 them to walke upright, in the way of their calling, and not (like 
 carnall men) tread awry. And if they should fayle in the 
 performance of that duety, yet they should seeke for amende- 
 ment whiles it was time ; and tells them, it would bee to late to 
 seek for help, when the shop windowes were sluitt up : and 
 pricks them forward with a freindly admonition, not to place 
 theire delight in worldly pleasures, which will not last, but in 
 time will come to an end. 
 
 But so to handle the matter, that they may be found to wax 
 better and better, and then they shall be doublely rewarded for 
 theire worke : and so closes up the matter in a comfortabie 
 manner. 
 
 But stay: Here is one stept up in haste, and (being not 
 minded to hold his auditory in expectation of any long discourse,) 
 hee takes a text ; and (for brevities sake,) divides it into one 
 part : and then runnes so fast a fore with the matter, that his 
 auditory cannnot follow him. Doubtles his Father ^^^^. .-^^^ 
 was some Irish footeman, by his speede it seemes 
 so. And it may be at the liowre of deadi, the sonne being 
 present) did participat of his Fathers nature, (according to Pi- 
 
118 NfAv Ert^lisli Canaan. 
 
 thagoras) and the vertue of his Fathers nimble feete (being 
 infused into his braines) might make his tongue outrunne his wit. 
 
 Well, if you marke it, these are speciall gifts indeede : which 
 the vulgar people are so taken with, that here is no perswading 
 them that it is so rediculous. 
 
 This is the meanes, (O the meanes,) that they pursue: This 
 that comes without premeditation : This is the Suparlative : and 
 hee that does not approove of this, they say is a very reprobate. 
 
 Many unwarrantable Tenents they have likewise : some of 
 which being come to my knowledge I wil here set downe, one 
 wherof being in publicke practise maintained, is more notorious 
 then the rest. 1 will therefore beginne with that and convince 
 them of manifest error by the maintenance of it, which is this : 
 .j^^^^i^f J That it is the Magistrates office absolutely (and 
 
 not the Ministers) to joyne the people in lawfull 
 matrimony. And for this they vouch the History of Ruth, 
 saying Boas was married to Ruth in presence of the Elders of 
 ihe people. Herein they mistake the scope of the text. 
 
 2. That it is a relique of ])opery to njake use of a ring in 
 marriage : and that It is a diabolicall circle for the Divell to 
 daunce in, 
 
 3. That the purifications used for woemen after delivery is 
 not to be used. 
 
 4. That no child shall be baptised, whose parents are not 
 receaved into their Church first. 
 
 5. That no person shall be admitted to the Sacrament of the 
 Lords supper that is vvithont. 
 
 6. That the booke of Common prayer is an idoU : and all 
 that use it. Idolaters. 
 
 7. That every man is bound to beleeve a professor upon his 
 bare affirmation onely, before a Protestant upon oath. 
 
 8. That no person hath any right to Gods creatures, but 
 Gods children onely who are themselves : and that all others 
 are but usurpers of the Creatures. 
 
 9. And that for the generall good of their Church, and com- 
 monwealth they are to neglect father, mother and all freindship. 
 
 10. Much a doe they keepe about their Church discipline, 
 as if that wero the most essentiall part of their Religion, Tythes 
 are banished from thence, all except the tyth of Muit and 
 Commin. 
 
 1 1 . They differ from us some thing in the creede too, for if 
 they get the goods of one, that is without, into their hands ; 
 hee shall be kept without remedy for any satisfaction : and they 
 beleeve, that this is not cosenage. 
 
 12. And lastly they difier from us, in the manner of praying; 
 
Neio English Canaan. 1 1 9 
 
 "s 
 
 for tliey winke when they pray, because they think themselves 
 so perfect in the highe way to heaven, that they can find it 
 blindfould: so doe not I. 
 
 Chap. XXVIII. 
 
 Of their Policy in publik Justice. 
 
 NOw that I have anottomized, the two extreame parts of 
 this Pohtique Commonweahh the head k, the inferior 
 members, 1 will shew you the hart h reade a short lec- 
 ture over that too ; which is lustice. 
 
 I have a petition to exhibit to the highe h mighty M"". Tem- 
 perwell ; and I have my choise whether I shall make my plaint 
 in a case of conscience, or bring it with in the Compas of a 
 point in law. And because I will goe the surest way to worke, 
 at first, I will see how others are answered in the like kinde, 
 whether it be with hab or nab, as the ludge did the Countryman. 
 Here comes M"". Hopewell : his petition is in a case of con- 
 science (as bee sayes.) But see great losua allowes conscience 
 to be of his side : yet cuts him off; with this answere ; Law is 
 flat against him. Well let me see another. I marry : Here 
 comes one Master doubt not: his matter depends (I am sure) 
 upon a point in Law : alas what will it not doe, looke ye it is 
 affirmed that Law is on his side : but Conscience (like a blan- 
 ket over) spreades it. This passage is like to the Procustes of 
 Roome mee thinks : and therefore I may very well say of them. 
 
 Even so by racking out thejoynts ^ chopping of the head, 
 Procusles fitted all his guests unto his Iron bcdd. 
 
 And if these speede no better, with whome they are freinds, 
 that neither finde Law nor Conscience to helpe them : I doe not 
 wonder to see mine Host of Ma-re-Mount speede so ill, that has 
 bin proclaimed an enemy so many yeares in New Canaan to 
 their Church and State. 
 
 C HAP. XXIX. 
 
 Hoiv mine Host was put into a whales beliy, 
 
 THe Seperatists (after they had burned Ma-re-Mount, 
 they could not get any shipp to undertake the carriage 
 of mine Host from thence, either by faire meanes, or 
 fowle,) they were inforced (contrary to their expectation) to be 
 
120 New English Canaan, 
 
 troubled with his company : and by that meanes had time to 
 consider more of the man, then they had done of the matter : 
 wherein at length it was discovered, that they by meanes of 
 their credvility of the intelligence given them in England of the 
 matter, and the false Carecter of the man) had runne them- 
 selves headlonge into an error: and had done that on a sodaine, 
 which they repented at leasure : but could not tell which way 
 to help it as it stood now. They could debate upon it ; and 
 especially upon two difficult points, whereof one must be con- 
 cluded upon. If they sent mine Host a way by banishment, 
 hee is in possibility to survive, to their disgrace for the Injury 
 done : if they suffer him to stay, &i put him in statu quoprius, all 
 the vulgar people will conclude they have bin too rashe in burn- 
 ing a howse that was usefull, and count them men unadvised. 
 So that it seemes (by theire discourse about the matter) they 
 stood betwixt Hawke and Bussard : and could not tell which 
 hand to incline unto. They had sounded him secretly : hee 
 was content with it, goe which way it would. Nay shackles 
 bimselfe, (who was imployed in the burning of the howse, and 
 therefore feared to be caught in England) and others were so 
 forward in putting mine Host in statu quo privs, after they had 
 found their error, (which was so apparent that Luceus eies 
 would have served to have found it out in lesse time) that they 
 would contribute 40. shillings a peece towards it ; and aftirmed, 
 that every man according to his ability that had a hand in this 
 black designe should be taxed to a Contribution in like nature : 
 it would be done exactly. 
 
 Now (whiles this was in agitation, & was well urged by some 
 of those partys, to have bin the up shot) unexpected (in the 
 depth of winter, wlien all sliipps were gone out of the land) Jn 
 comes M''. AVethercock a proper Mariner; and they said ; he 
 could observe the winde: blow it high, blow it low, hee was 
 resolved to lye at hull rather than incounter such a storme as 
 mine Host had met with : and this was a man for their tnrne. 
 
 Hee would doe any office for the brethren if they (who hee 
 knew had a strong purse, and his conscience waited on the 
 strings of it, if all the zeale hee had) would beare liim out in 
 it: which they professed they would. Hee undertakes to ridd 
 them of mine Host by one meanes or another. They gave him 
 the best meanes they could, according to the present condition 
 of the worke ; and letters of credence to the favoures of that 
 Sect in England ; with which (his busines there being done, 
 and his shipp cleared) hee hoyst the Sayles, and put to Sea : 
 since which time mine Host has not troubled the brethren, but 
 onely at the Counsell table : where now Subindice lis est. 
 
Next) English Canaan. 121 
 
 Chap. XXX. 
 
 Of Sir Christopher Gardiner Knight ^ and how hee 
 spedd amongst the Seperatists, 
 
 "1 Ir Christopher Gardiner, (a Knight, that had bin a travel- 
 ler, both by Sea and Land ; a good judicious gentleman 
 in the Mathematticke, and other Sciences usefull for Plan- 
 tations Kiniistry, he. and also being a practical) Enginer) came 
 into those parts, intending discovery. 
 
 But the Seperatists love not those good parts when they pro- 
 ceede from a carnall man (as they call every good Protestant,) 
 in shorte time had found the meanes to pick a quarrell with him. 
 The meanes is, that they pursue to obtaine what they ainie at : 
 the word is there the meanes. 
 
 So that when they finde any man like to proove an enemy to 
 their Church, and state, then straight the meanes must be used 
 for defence. The first precept in their Politiques is, to defame 
 the man at w^hom they aime, and then hee is a holy Israelite in 
 their opinions, who can spread that fame brodest, like butter 
 upon a loafe : no matter how thin ; it will serve for a vaile : and 
 then this man (who they have thus depraved) is a spotted un- 
 cleane leaper : hee must out, least hee pollute the Land, and 
 them that are clean e. 
 
 If this be one of their guifts, then Machevill had as good 
 gifts as they. Let them raise a scandall on any, though never 
 so innocent ; yet they know it is never wiped cleane out : the 
 staind marks remaines : which hath bin well observed by one 
 in these words of his : 
 
 Stick Candles gainst a Virgin walls ivhite hack : 
 If they I not burne yet at the least thci/l blacJc. 
 
 And thus they dealt with Sir Christopher: and plotted by all 
 the wayes, and meanes they could, to overthrow his underta- 
 kings in those pails. 
 
 And therefore I cannot chuse, but conclude, tbat these Se- 
 peratists have speciall gifts : for they are given to envy, and 
 mallice extremely. 
 
 The knowledge of their defamacion could not please the gen- 
 tleman well, when it came to his eare, which would cause hirai 
 to make some reply, (as they supposed) to take exceptions at, 
 as they did against Faire cloath : &. this would be a meanes, 
 they thought, to blow the coale, and so to kindle a brand that 
 might fire him out of the Country too, and send him after mine 
 Host of Ma-re-i\lount. 
 
 16 
 
122 New English Canaan. 
 
 They take occasion (some of them) to come to his howse 
 when hee was gone up into the Country : and (finding hee was 
 from home) so went to worke, that they left him neither howse 
 nor habitation, nor servant, nor any thing to help him, if hee 
 should retorne : but of that they had noe hope (as they gave it 
 out) for hee was gone (as they affirmed) to leade a Salvage life ; 
 and for that cause tooke no company with him : and they, 
 having considered of the matter, thought it not fit that any such 
 man should live in so remoate a place, within the Compas of 
 their patent. So they fired the place ; and carried away the 
 persons, and goods. 
 
 Sir Christopher was gone with a guide (a Salvage) into the 
 inland parts for discovery : but, before hee was returned, hee 
 met with a Salvage that told the guide, Sir Christopher would 
 be killed : Master Temperwell (who had now found out matter 
 against him) would have him dead or alive. This hee related ; 
 and would have the gentleman not to goe to the place appinted, 
 because of the danger, that was supposed. 
 
 But Sir Christopher was nothing dismaid ; hee would on, 
 whatsoever come of it ; and so met with the Salvages : and be- 
 tvveene them was a terrible skermish : But they had the worst 
 of it, and hee scaped well enough. 
 
 The guide was glad of it, and learned of his fellowes that 
 they were promised a great reward, for what they should doe 
 in this imployment. 
 
 Which thing (when Sir Christopher understood,) hee gave 
 thanks to God ; and after (upon this occasion, to sollace him- 
 selfe) in his table booke, hee composed this sonnet, which I 
 have here inserted for a memoriall. 
 
 THE SONNET. 
 
 'Olfes in Sheeps clothing why will ye, 
 Think to deceave God that doth see, 
 Your simulated sartiiy. 
 For my part 1 doe wish you could, 
 Your owne infirmities behold, 
 For then you tvould not be so bold, 
 Like Sophists why will you dispute, 
 With wisdome so, you doe confute, 
 None but yourselves : for shame be mute. 
 
 Least great lehovah with his powre. 
 Do come upon you in a howre, 
 When you least think and you dcvoure. 
 
New English Canaan. 128 
 
 This Sonnet the Gentleman composed, as a testimony of his 
 love towards them, that were so ill affected towards him ; from 
 whome they might have receaved much good, if they had bin 
 so wise to have imbraced him in a loving fashion. 
 
 But they despise the helpe, that shall come from a carnall 
 man (as they termed him) who (after his retorne from those de- 
 signes) finding how they had used him with such disrespect, 
 tooke shipping, and disposed of himselfe for England, and dis- 
 covered their practises in those parts towards his Majesties true 
 harted Subjects, which they made wery of their aboade in those 
 parts. 
 
 Chap. XXXI. 
 
 Of mine Host of Ma-re- Mount hoiv hee played lonas 
 after hee had bin in the fV hales belly for a time. 
 
 Mine Host of Ma-re-Mount being put to Sea ; had deli- 
 vered him, for his releafe by the way, (because the 
 shipp was unvitteled, and the Seamen put to straight 
 allowance, which could hold out, but to the Canaries) a part of 
 his owne provision, being two moneths proportion ; in all but 3. 
 small peeces of porke, which made him expect to be famished 
 before the voyage should be ended, by all likelyhood. Yet 
 hee thought hee would make one good meale, before hee died : 
 like the Colony servant in Virginea, that before hee should goe 
 to the gallowes called to his wife to set on the loblolly pot, and 
 let him have one good meale before hee went ; who had com- 
 mitted a petty crime, that in those dayes, was made a cappitall 
 offence. 
 
 And now mine Host being merrily disposed, on went the 
 peeces of porke, where with hee feasted his body, and cher- 
 ished the poore Sailers : and got out of them what M"". VVe- 
 thercock, their Master purposed to doe with him that hee had 
 no more provision : &i along they sailed from place to place, 
 from Hand to Hand, in a pittifull wether beaten ship ; where 
 mine Host was in more dainger (without all question) then 
 Jonas, when hee was in the Whales belly ; and it was the great 
 mercy of God that they had not all perished. Vittelled they 
 were but for a rnoneth when they wayd Ancor, and left the first 
 port. 
 
 They were a pray for the enemy for want of powther, if 
 they had met them : besides the vessell was a very slugg, and 
 
124 I^ew English Canaan. 
 
 so unserviceable, that the Master called a counsell of all the 
 company in generall, to have theire opinions, vvhmh way to goe, 
 and how to beare the helme, who all under their hand affirmed 
 the shipp to be unserviceable : so that in fine the Master and 
 men, and all were at their wits end about it : yet they im ployed 
 the Carpenters to search, and caulke her sides, and doe theire 
 best whiles they were in her. Nine moneths they made a 
 shife to use her, and shifted for supply of vittells at all the 
 Islands they touched at ; though it were so poorely, that all 
 those helpes, and the short allowance of a bisket a day, and a 
 few Lymons taken in at the Canaries, served but to bring the 
 vessell in view of the lands end. 
 
 They were in such a desperat case, that (if God in his greate 
 mercy had not favoured them, and disposed the windes faire 
 untill the vessell was in Plimmouth I'oade,) they had without 
 question perished ; for when they let di'op an Anchor, neere 
 the Island of S. Michaels not one bit of foode left for all that 
 starving allowance of this wretched wethercock , that if hee 
 would have lanched out his beaver, might have bought more 
 vittells in New England then he &t the whole ship with the 
 Cargazoun was worth, (as the passingers hee carried who vit- 
 telled themselves affirmed,) JBut hee played the miserable 
 wretch, & had possessed his men with the contrary ; who re- 
 pented them of waying anchor before they knew so much. 
 
 Mine Host of Ma-re-Mount (after hee had bin in the Whales 
 belly) was set a shore to see if hee would now play lonas, so 
 iiietamorphosed with a longe voyage, that hee looked like La- 
 zarus in the painted cloath. 
 
 But mine Host (after due consideration of the premisses) 
 thought it fitter for him to play lonas in this kinde, then for the 
 Seperatists to play lonas in that kinde as they doe. Hee there- 
 fore bid Wethercock tell the Seperatists, that they would be 
 made in due time to repent those malitious practises, and so 
 would hee too ; for hee was a Seperatist amongst the Se})era- 
 tists as farre as his wit would give him leave ; though when hee 
 came in Company of basket makers, hee would doe his inde- 
 voure to make them pinne the basket, if hee could, as I have 
 scene him. And now mine Host being merrily disposed, have- 
 ing past many perillous adventures in that desperat Whales 
 belly, beganne in a posture like lonas, and cryed Repent you 
 cruell Seperatists repent, there are as yet but 40. dayes if love 
 vouchsafe to thunder. Charter and the Kingdome of the Sepe- 
 ratists will fall asunder : Repent you cruell Schismaticks repent. 
 And in that posture liee greeted them by letters retorned into 
 new Canaan ; and ever (as opportunity was fitted for the pur- 
 
New English Canaan. 12; 
 
 "ft 
 
 pose) he was both heard &i scene in the posture of loiias against 
 the crying repent you cruel Seperatists, repent, tiiere are as yet 
 but 40. dayes if love vouchsafe to thunder. The Charier and 
 the Kingdome of the Seperatists will fall a sunder : Repent you 
 cruell Schismaticks repent ; If you will lieare any more of this 
 proclamation meete him at the next markettowne, for 
 Cynt hius aurem vcllct. 
 
I 
 
 A TABLE OF THE CONTENTS 
 
 OF THE THREE BOOKES. 
 
 The Tenents of the first Booke. 
 
 Chapters. 
 1. 
 
 PRoovins; New England the principaU part of all Ame- 
 rica and most commodious and fit for habitation and 
 generation. 
 
 2. Of the originall of the Natives. 
 
 3. Of a great mortallity happened, amongst the Natives. 
 
 4. Of their howses and habitations. 
 
 5. Of their Religion. 
 
 6. Of the Indians apparrell. 
 
 7. Of their Childbearing. 
 
 8. Of their reverence and respect to age. 
 
 9. Of their Iuggelli7ig tricks. 
 
 10. Of their Duelles. 
 
 11. Of the maintenance of their reputation. 
 
 12. Of their Trafiick and trade one ivith another. 
 
 13. Of their Magazines and Storehouses. 
 
 14. Of theire Subtilety. 
 
 15. Of their admirable perfection in the use of their sences. 
 
 16. Of their acknowledgement of the creation and immortality 
 of the Soule. 
 
 17. Of their Annalls and. Funeralls. 
 
 18. Of their Custome in burning the Coimtry. 
 
 19. Of their Inclination to drunckennes. 
 
 20. Of their Philosophicall life. 
 
 The Tenents of the second Booke. 
 
 Chap. 
 
 1 . Tlie generall Survey of the Country. 
 
 2. What trees are there and hotv commodious. 
 
 3. Tlliat Potherbcs are there and for sallets. 
 
 4. Of the Birds, of the aire and fethered Fowles. 
 
 5. Of the Beasts, of the Forrest. 
 
 6. Of Stones and Mineralls. 
 
 7. Of the Fishes and what commodity they proove. 
 
 8. Of the goodnes of the Country and the Fountaines. 
 
 9. A Perspective to view the Country by. 
 
 10. Of the great Lake of Erocoise 
 
The Tenents of the third Booke. 
 
 Chap. 
 
 1. Of a great legue made hciweene the Salvages and English. 
 
 2. Of the entertainement of Master Westons'peopJe. 
 
 3. Of a great Batta'de fought hetweenc the English and the 
 Indians. 
 
 4. Of a Farliament held at IVessagnscus. 
 
 5. Of a Massacre made upon the Salvages. 
 
 6. Of the Surprizing of a Marchants Shipp. * 
 
 7. Of Thomas Mortons Entertainejnent and loraclc. 
 
 8. Of the banishment of John Layford, lohn Oldam. 
 
 9. Of a barren doe of Virginea growne Fruithfull. 
 
 10. Of the Master of the Ceremonies. 
 
 11. Of a Composition made for a Salvages theft. 
 
 12. Of a voyage made by the Master of the Ceremonies for 
 Beaver. 
 
 13. A lamentable ftt of mellancolly cured. 
 
 14. The Revells of New Canaan. 
 
 15. Of a great Monster supjjosed to be at Ma-re-Mount. 
 
 16. Hovj the nine Worthies of New Canaan put mine Host of 
 Ma-re-Mount into an inchaunted Castle. 
 
 17. Of the baccanall Triumphe of Netv Canaan. 
 
 18. Of a Doctor made at a commencement. 
 
 19. Of the silencing of a Minister. 
 
 20. Of a practise to get a snare to hcmper mine host of Ma- 
 re-Mount. 
 
 21. Of Captaine Littleworths devise for the purchase of Bea- 
 ver. 
 
 22. Of a Sequestration in Neiv Canaan. 
 
 23. Of a great bonfire made in New Canaan. 
 
 24. Of the digradinge and creatinge of Gentry. 
 
 25. Of the manner how the Seperatists pay their debts. 
 
 26. Of the Charity of the Seperatists. 
 ''21. Of the practise of their Church. 
 
 28. Of their Policy in publik Justice. 
 
 29. How mine Host was put into a Whales belly. 
 
 30. Hoio Sir Christopher Gardiner Knight speed amongst the 
 Seperatists. 
 
 31. Hoiu mine Host of Ma-re-Mount playd lonas after hee 
 got out of the Whales belly. 
 
 FINIS 
 
 B S '07 
 
I