Glass ^ Book„ COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT [THE HUDSON RIVER v^S SEEN BY Passengers on the River Steamers. >^^JL^agt Or?- ra^ TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., 758 /Broadway, New York. ■^j^^^^^ 1^ RIGAUD & CO;S PERFUMERY RIGAUD'S NEW PERFUMES FOR THE HANDKERCHIEF Are recommended as unsurpassed by any similar articles, both for delicacy of perfume and permanence. The following are esp cially recommended : Extracts of YLANG YLANG, OHAMPAOA, KANANGA, ALSO ALL THE STANDARD PERFUMES OF THE DAY. Special attention is called also to Rigaud's Exquisite Toilet Preparations; Dentifrices; Preparations for tbe~Complexion ; Pomades, Oils, and Washes for the Hair; Fine Toilet Soaps, which are offered in great variety. Send for Rigaud & Co.'s Toilet Gruide, which is mailed free by E. FOTJGERA & CO., Agents for the United States, 30 North William St., Netv Tori DELACRES CHOCOLATES. The attention of Connoisseurs in Chocolate is directed to the above Chocolates, which for purity and fine aroma are UNSURPASSED. 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LIFE AND ENDOWMENT INSURANCE. All approved forms at Low Cash Prices. JAMES G. BATTERSON, President. RODNEY DENNIS, Sec'y. JOHN E, MORRIS, Ass't Sec'y. N£:W YORK OFFICE^ 207 BMOADWJLT, Agents everywhere in United States and Canadas. PERRY & COMPANY, MANUFACTURERS OF THE ARGAND BASE BURNER THE BELMONT RANGE, THE CTJISrA.Rr) COOK, And one hundred and twenty -five other patterns of STOVES, RANGES, AND HOT-AIR FURNACES. NEW YORK CITY, ALBANY, CHICAGO, 86 Beekman St. 115 Hudson Ave. 15 and 17 Lake St. C. H. COVELL, 922 Broadway, N. E. Corner 21st Street, IMPORTER OF AND DEALER IN Clocks, Bronzes, F^NCY GOODS, CHANDELIERS AND GAS FIXTURES. ALSO, nXTXrEES FOE OIL LAMPS, Of most approved patterns. constantly receiving per steamer Novelties at Popular Prices. LADIES I ASK FOR O^^^^T^^ 05\ M ARK {Wound on White S^ls.) GEORGE A. CLARK, . . . Sole Agent. And MIL WAUD'S HELIX NEEDLES in patent wrappers. They are the best in use. P^ Sold Everywhere. Phelps, Dodge & Co., CLIFF ST., between John and Fulton, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN TIN AND ROOFING PLATES, OP ALL SIZES AND KINDS, PIG- TIN, RUSSIA SHEET IRON, Charcoal and Common Sheet Iron, UBi^T>, siije:e3T ziisro, ooi>i>B£a. SPEUER, SOLDER, ANTIMONY, &c MANUFACTimERS OP COPPER, BRASS, AND WIRE. pr jacW*T^;:^#^. -M^J^; LlUIUCa£.CUJUL« An indispensable requisite for enery Tenchei\ Advanced Student^ Intelligent Family^ Library^ and ProfeHsional Person^ is THE BEST ENGLISH DIOTIONARY. ^v^eWec^vx^^ WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED. 10,000 Words and 3Ieanings not in other Dictionaries. 3,000 Engraviugs; 1,840 Pages Quarto. Price, $12. _ FOUR PAGES COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS. -rj ^W "The best praoticaIj English Dictionary extant." — it •jp London Quarterly Eeview, Oct., 1873. JN ■~^ The sales of Webster's Dictionaries throughout the country j^ 1R in 1873 were 20 times as large as the sales of any other Diction- T» Saries. dS One family of children having "Webster's Unabridged, and *•« T^ using it freely, and another not having it, the first will become X __ much the mo»t intelligent men and women. Ask your teacher T\ JE or minister if it is not so, then buy the book and use, and urge its f^ Ruse, freely. iZ Published by Jt< S O. & C. MERRIIM, Springfield, Mass. D SPRINGFIBLD ^ire and Marine Snsurance Co, Incorporated 1849. Charter Perpetual. NO MARINE RISKS TAKEN. Capital, ----- ^750,000.00 Caslx Assets, - - - - 1,500,000.00 DWIGHT R. SMITH, Pres't. S. J. HALL, Sec'y. A. J. WRIGHT, Treas. BIGELOW, COIT & PECK, Agents, .... New York. ALEX. W. WISTER, Agent, Philadelphia. REED & BROTHER, Agents, Boston. Age7icies also in all the principal Cities and Towns in the country, A.. J. H^^RIDIINrGJ-, Gren'l J^gt. "Westerix Departxneiat, Chicago, 111. IMCOSEIL.EY'S IVET^ HjI^VETV HOUSE, Fronting the Park and opposite Yale College, la owned and kept by S. H. Moseley, who for ten years was connected with the famous Massasoit House, Spriiigrfield, Mass., and for five years partner of the charming Brevoort House, New York. It is the most complete, comfortable and homelike Hotel in the City, and one of the best to be found in this country. Mr. Moseley also has the Rc-staurant at the Railway Station, which is the be^t eating jilace for passeng'ers between New York and Boston. All express trains stop ten miniites '^t New Haven. BREVOORT HOUSE, NEW^ YORK. This well known Hotel is located on FIFTH AVENUE, cor. of EIGHTH STREET, Near Washington Square. One of the most delightful situations, combining- the quiet retirement of a private mansion with easy access to all parts of the city. The Brevoort has always been a FAVORITE WITH EUROPEANS visiting the United States, the plan upon which it is kept being- such as to commend it to those accustomed to European habits. CHARLES C. WAITE, JReasiclen.t ^Proprietor. W^INDSOR HOTEL, FIFTH AVENUE, 46tll & 47tll STS., NEW YORK. .HAWK, WAITE, 6- WETHERBEE, Proprietors. The Windsor is more magnificent and commodious, and containg more real comforts, than any other Hotel in America. Its location is delightful, being surrounded by the most fash- ionable residences in New York ; it is also near the famous Central Park and within three minutes' walk of the Grand Central Railway Station. The rooms, with all the modern improvements, are especially adapted for travelers ; this Hotel also has elegant apart- ments, en. suite for families, permanent or transient. The light, ventilation, and sanitary cfualities are perfect, and cannot be excelled. SAMUEL HAWK, CHAS. C. WAITE, (3^ARDNER WETHERBEE, of St. Nicholas Hotel, of Brevoof^t House, late of Revere House, Boston. Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Co., OF HARTFORD, CONN. Thirtieth Annual Statenrient. Nei Assets, January 1, 1875 $38,8cl8.2G7 85 Rfceived in 1875 • i ^^^ Premiums $7,165,468 55 liiXLivED IN ie ^ Irvinglou, 24 miles from N. Y, Institute near river, and Kaniapo ^ ' ^ Mountains in distance, 600 feet -S-^w^^-r/^-?, home of Washington j.j„jj^ Irving, \ mile north of R. R, upper Nyack, one m'ile above Station, scarcely visible through Nyack. ^^ trees, near the river. Rockland Lake, among the hills, Tarry town, 29 miles from New opposite Sing Sing. Source ol York. Pop. 5,ocx). Steamer stops Hackensack river, and great ice- beside ferryboat in middle of the quarry in winter. river, transferring passengers for Kamapo Mountain. both Tarrytown and Nyack. Haverstraw Bay, five miles wide Sing Sing, 32 miles from New — the widest part of the Hudson, York. Pop. 3,000. extending from Croton Point on ^/^/^ /^^.V^;,, near the river, south the south to Verplanck's Point on of the village, built of white marble. Croton River empties into Hud- High Thorn Mountain — a sharp ., ^, . c^- o- * ^ ^ son I mile north of Sing Sing, peak near Haverstraw. ^ „ . . , ^ , „ T^.„ . , Croton Point, just above Croton Haverstraw Village — with two ,_ . _ miles of brick-yards. Treason Hill, north of Haver- straw, wliere Arnold met Andre River — ^junction of Tappan Bay and Haverstraw Bay. Extreme projec- tion is called ' ^ . , , Teller's Point. Off this point at Jcshua Hett Smith's. , xr , i j i. i, the Vulture anchored when she Grassy Point, two miles north of ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^1^^ Haverstraw. _ ^ „. , , e/ r, ' * -1 .u r Croton Viuage above. iitony Point, one mile north of Grassy Point. Montrasse's Point, Tompkins C(?z/^— with limekilns Verplanck's Point, imd quarry. King's Ferry before Revolution Kidd's Pointy now Caldwell's. —between these two points \ mile. TARRYTOWN TO NEWBUP.CH HUDSON RIVER. vu WEST BANK. Donderberg Afi., i,ooo ft high. Io!ta Island — with grapery and famous pic-nic grounds. Fo7-t Moftlgomery C/-^^>^, opposite Antliony's Nuse. Fort Clinton south side creek. Fort AIo7itgomery on north side. Parry House — with ruins of old mill in front. Butterviilk Falls, cascade above. Cozzens' Hotel, 250 ft above river, the most fashionable resort on the river. Highland Falls — village behind bluff. Population, 1,500. Cozzens^ Landing. West Point, one mile above Coz- ren's. U. S. Military Academy, Pa- rade Ground, & Barracks. The most commanding point of the Hudson. Old Fort Putnam — ruins of the Revoluiion — 596 feet above river. Kosciusko' s Mofiument, above West Point Landing, on the point. West Point Lighthouse. West Point Hotel, on the bluff. West Point Village. Old Cro' Nest, 1,418 feet high. Kidd''s Plug Cliff— t\vQ precipice on bank of river. Butter Hill. Storm LCing, 1,529 feet high — highest point of the Highlands. Cornwall Village, 56 m fr. N.Y. Idlewild, home of N. P. Willis, ;usL north of Cornwall village. Shawangunk Mountains west. New Windsor, fovr miles north of Cornwall. EAST BANK. Peel-skill. Pop. 6,000. 43 miles from New York, Nameless Highland. The Race^ between lona Island and east bank of river. Anthony'' s Nose, 1,200 feet high with R. R. Tunnel near river. Sugar Loaf Mountain towards north-east. Beverly Dock^ close by river. Pobittson Hotise. Hon. Hamilton Fishes Residence^ brick house on the bluflC Garrisoit's, 50 miles from New York, opposite West Point. Highland House, \ mile from river, splendid site. Constitution Island^ opp. point. Miss Warner's home, White Cottage, near the river. Author of "Queechy" and*'* Wide, Wide World." The Two Brothers — rocks. Cold Spring, 54 miles from New York, with extensive iron foundries Undercliff.^ home of George P. Morris, just north Cold Spring, Mount Taurus, 1,586 feet high. Little Stony Point, promontory at foot of BuU Hill, Breakneck M't,, 1187 feet high. Beacon Hill, 1,471 feet high, PollipeVs Island, at north en trance of the Highlands. 'Duchess yunction. Fishkill Mountains to the east NEWBURC AND FISHKILL TO RHINEBECK, HUDSON RIVER. IX WEST BANK. Newburg Bay. . Washington^ s Headquarters — a flagstaff marks the location. Newburg City, pop. 15,000, 60 miles from New York. Duyvels Dans Kamer -^ flat rock covered with cedars — scene of the traditionary Indian pow-wow which Hendrick Hudson and his comrades witnessed at night, with all its In- dian accessories of fire and paint. Hampton Point — with fine wliite cedars — 64 miles from Mew York. Marlborough, 66 miles from New York. The Arbor Vitae grows in great perfection here. Milton Ferry ^ or Bamegat, 71 from New York. Famous for the great quantity of raspberries raised in the vicinity. Neiv Paltz Landing, opposite Poughkeepsie, 75 miles from New York. Large Ice Hotises on the river- bank. yohn Astor'^s summer residence. Mr. Pell's great apple orchard, with 25,000 fruit-bearing trees. Fort Ezven, or Deserted Village. Rondout, pop. 20,000, now City of Kingston. Terminus of exten- sive cement works. EAST BANK. Fishkill Landing, 60 miles froi» New York. Low Point, or Carthage, 64 miles from New York. New-Hamburg, 66 miles from New York, at the mouth of Wap- pinger's Creek. Locust Point, country seat of the late Prof S. F. B. Morse, in- ventor of electric telegraph. Poughkeepsie Cemetery. Ruins of Old Livingston Place just above. City of Poughkeepsie, population 20,000, 75 miles from New York — Queen City of the Hudson, 200 feet altove river. River View Military Academy — brick building, on conmianding site. Vassar Female College is a mile and a half east of Poughkeepsie. College Hill, north-east of city. Poughkeepsie Water Works, in north part of the city, near river. Hyde Park, So miles from New York. Named in honor of Gen. Edward F. Hyde, one of the early British Governors of New York. Placentia, former home of the late James K. Paulding, one mile north of Hyde Park. Dr. Hicssack^s Estate, with Cor inthian pillars. Esopns Island, 2 miles north of Hyde Park. On the rocks just be- low the Island the Steamer Berk- shire was burned in 1864. Staatsburg, 85 miles from Ne\f York. " Wildercliff:' built by Re«». Freeborn Garrettson. RHINEBECK TO HUDSON. HUDSON RIVER. XI WEST BANK. Glasgo, Saugei'ties, pop. S,ooo, at mouth of Esopus Creek. - Maiden— y^\.i\ ' * Plattekill Clove" west, Evesport^ above Maiden. West Camp. * * Four- County Island ' ' — ^junc- tion of Dutchess, Columbia, Greene, and Ulster counties. Cats kill Moujttains, 4,000 feet above the sea. Indian name, " C>«// Ora" or " Mountains of the Sky." Round Top, the highest peak of the Catskills, 4,000 feet above the river. Catskill Mountain Hoitse, vi^hite building on the mountain, 3 000 feet above the river. Catskill Village.^ ill miles from New York. Pop. 4,000. Steam ferry connects with Catskill Station, 3 minutes in crossing. Prospect Park Hotel, on bluff near the landing, 250 feet above the river. Residence of yo/m Breasted, Esq., proprietor of Prospect Park Hotel, second house north of hotel. Athens, opp. Hudson. N. Y. Central R. R. Depot for freight near river, north of village. EAST BANK. Rhine Cliffy 90 miles from Ne\f York — with Rhinebeck Village two miles east, Barrytown. 96 miles from New York. Rokeby, residence of William B. Astor. Montgomery Place, i mile north of Barrytown, built by the widow of Gen. Richard Montgomery, who was killed at the storming of Que- bec in 1775. Criiger's Isla7id, two miles north of Barrytown. Tivoli, 100 miles from New York. '* Claremont,'''' original Living ston Manor. Germantown, 105 miles from New York. Livingston, 109 miles from New York. Catskill Station. Chnrch, the Artist, has a fine residence on the high point opposite Catskill. Residence of John E. Gillette, Esq. , nearer the river. Rogers Island, behind which the shipping of the New York mer» chants was concealed during the Revolution. Mount Merifio, two miles above, just south of the City of Hudson, 1 1 5 miles from New York, pop. 10,000. Extensive Iron Works near river. The Hud- son and Boston R. R. terminatei here. HUDSON TO ALBANY. HUDSON RIVER. XIII WEST BANK. EAST BANK. Four -Mile Point, 125 feet high. Stockport , four miles north of Coxsackie, pop. 2,500, 123 miles Hudson, from New York. Newtown Hook and Prospeci New Baltimore — here begin the Grove. government dykes. Stuyvesanty formerly Kinderhook Beereny ox Bear Island— m&Qimg Landing, point of the four counties of Al- Schodac Island, 8 miles long, bany, Rensselaer, Columlna, and Schodac Village, opposite Coey- Greene— site of the "Castle of man's. Rensselaerstein," from whose wall Nine-Mile Tree. Nicholas Koorn, the agent of Kil- Castleton, 135 miles from New lian Van Rensselaer, the Patroon, York. compelled passing vessels to dip Overslaugh, or Castleton Bar^ their colors and pay tribute or talvC extend5 about two miles up the the chances of being sunk by the river, ordinance of the fort. Extensive Dykes for several miles Coeyman''s — YLt\dtxhtxg Moun- ^^^^ ^y United States Govem- tains to the west, . ment Shad Island, north of Coeyman's, CampbelPs Island— ^xXh. Light on three miles long — old Indian fish- ^^ south end. ing ground. Greenbush, or East Albany, con- Albany, 144 miles from New ^ected with Albany by two fine York. Pop. 70,000. Towards the railroad bridges, south we see the buildings of the Xroy, six miles alcove Greenbush, Convent of the Sacred Heart, Alms- j^q ^^^^^ from New York. Pop- house, and further north the Cath- uiation 50,000. Extensive Iron edral, State House, City Hall, etc. Works just south of the city. Two extensive R. R. bridges cross Seat of Rensselaer Polytechnic the river at this place. Both are Institute, over 4,000 feet in length. Large building on the hill with Principal hotels are the Delavan four pointed towers is a Roman and Stanwix Hall. Catholic institution. At Albany we leave the Steamer and take Rensselaer and Saratoga R. R. for Saratoga Springs. An Omnibus conveys passengers to the B R. Depot. ALBANY AND TROY TO SARATOGA The Hudson River. AMONG the thousand streams which drain the great At lantic slope of North America, none is more attract- ive than the noble river at whose mouth stands the Empire City of the Western World. The magnificent bay through which it enters the ocean, the broad and deep waters which afford safe and easy navigation for large vessels a hundred and fifty miles inland, and the rich and beautiful country through which it flows, combine to render the Hudson River the most interesting among the streams of America. The annually increasing army of tourists and pleasure- seekers which opens its campaign early every spring, and continues its march until late in the fall, sends every year a stronger corps of observation to the Hudson ; and tourists find the great metropoHs is the most agreeable and con- renient starting-point for their summer excmsion. No- where can a traveling outfit be so advantageously procured , and a few days' sojourn amidst the whirl of business and fashion, which reaches its height just before the annual hegira to mountains, lakes, and forests, is usually a pleasant episode for pleasure-seekers of both sexes. The European visiting America can have no better intro- duction to the Western Continent than that which is afforded 6 HUDSON RIVER. by a voyage up the Hudson; and travelers generally will find that the river forms naturally the first stage of any extended pleasure-tour through the Northern and Eastern States. scenery; No change can be more charming than that from the glaring walls and pavements of New York to the sparkling waves and green banks of the river. In a few seconds, the traveler is transported from the dusty streets, with their deafening roar of traffic, to the broad river swept by the fresh sea-breeze, and stretching before him as far as the eye can reach, dotted with sails, sparkling in the sunlight, and bordered by scenery which is unrivaled by that of any other river on the Atlantic coast. Scarcely has the traveler passed beyond the limits of the metropolis, when he is charmed -by the green wooded hills of Westchester County on the one hand, and awed by the frov/ning precipices of the PaHsades on the other. For twenty miles this mighty dyke of basaltic trap-rock shuts off the western sky, then suddenly disappears, and the view opens upon the rollhig hills of Rockland County and the blue outline of the distant Ramapo Mountains ; while on the east bank are thriving towns and elegant country-seats in almost continuous succession. Here, too, the river widens to the dimensions of a lake, which stretches its beau- tiful expanse nearly to the magnificent southern portal of the Highlands ; there it suddenly contracts to a channel half a mile in width, overhung by the scarred ' and rugged crags of the Donderberg and Anthonys Nose. For twenty miles above, the river winds amid the grand and rugged mountains of " The Highlands^'' at whose northern limit another portal opens, through which the swift steamer car- ries us to new sf enes 3f beauty beyond. HUDSON RIVER. 7 Above the Highlands the banks continue high, and in some places precipitous, opening now and then as if to afford glimpses of the charming country on either side, until some thirty miles more have passed before us like a beautiful panorama, when the banks become still less abrupt, and the lofty range of the Catskill Mountains comes in full view to the westward. Of these we speak moie fully in another place. In short, the steamboat trip by daylight between New York and Albany is one which every traveler should make. The river is everywhere rich in historical, legendary, and poetical associations, while the unsurpassed scenery and the constant evidences of commercial activity combine to ren- der the trip one of ever-varying, never-ceasing interest. TOPOGRAPHY. The Hudson has its most remote sources among the highest peaks of the Adirondack Mountains, 4,000 feet above tide-water. Its numerous upper branches unite in the neighborhood of Fort Edward, 180 miles from the ocean, and thence follow a southerly course, broken by numerous falls and rapids, to Troy, where it meets tide- water. The remaining 150 miles are navigable by large steamers and coasting craft. Ships can ascend to Hudson. The principal tributaries are the Mohawk and Hoosick rivers, the former rising in the central part of New York, and the latter in southern Vermont, both joining the Hud- son near Troy, below which city the tributaries, though numerous, are small, none of them being navigable for more than two miles. The mountain-ranges through or near which the Hudson passes are part of the Appalachia?i system. The Highh.mh are a continuation of the Blue Ridge, which, after crossing Pennsylvania and New York, ends in the Green Mountaing 8 HUDSON RIVER. of Vermont and New Hampshire. The Catshergs aiid HUderbergs are continuations of the westward ranges of the Alleghanies. The mean rise and fall of the tide at New York is about five feet, afid at Albany two and a half feet. GEOLOGY. The geology of the Hudson is of so complex a nature that it is difficult in a few words to give even its general char- acteristics. In the nomenclature of State surveys, it is part of the " New York system," which corresponds to the Silu- rian and Devonian systems of European geologists. From the mouth of the river to the northern limit of the Highlands, the prevailing rocks are primary or igneous, such as granite and gneiss, containing no organic remains, but mixed, cov- ered, and interstratified with shales, Hmestone, marble, ser- pentine, and sandstone ; while the huge basaltic trap-dyke known as the Palisades rises like a wall along the river foi twenty miles from its mouth, breaking up through the super- incumbent strata of rock and drift, and forming a marked feature in the geological map, as in the landscape. Above the Highlands the river flows through an extensive field of talco-argillaceous slate, which ranges from a gray color to almost black. In Dutchess County, veins of gold- bearing quartz are found injected into the cracks of this great slate system. Much of the drift of this region is formed of disintegrated slate. In Ulster County, wateij limestone is found in large quantities, and is very valuable for cement. Sandstone is found suitable for flagging. Fur- ther to the north the country is in ridges of sand or clay, mixed with slate in various stages of disintegration. AGRICULTURE, ETC. The river passes between the counties of Westchester HUDSON RIVER. f Bergen (N.J.), Rockland, Putnam, Orange, Dutchess, Ul- Iter, Columbia, Oreene, Rensselaer, and Albany. Of these, Rockland, Orange, and Dutchess counties may be mentioned as especially noted for the excellence of their dairy products. The two last-named of these counties are likewise famous \>reeding-places for trotting horses. The celebrated Ham- Dletonian stock is cultivated with great care, and some of the fastest trotters in the world have been raised and trained on the farms of this region. In the other counties hay and grain are cultivated to a considerable extent, and in some portions of them apples, pear&, and other fruits are raised in large quantities. Albany and Rensselaer counties are especially favorable to the cultivation of fruits, particularly plums, which are raised in great variety and perfection. The difference in temperature above and below the High- lands is very remarkable — fruits and cereals often reaching perfection at Peekskill two weeks in advance of the same crops at Newburg, twenty miles north. This difference is caused in great part by the sea-breeze, which is checked by the abrupt southern slope of the Highlands, leaving the region above open only to the colder breezes from the north. COMMERCE. The Hudson, during the season when it is not obstructed by ice, is the channel of extensive and increasing traffic. It is the natural outlet for lumber from the vast forests of the north. This lumber is floated down the main stream and its branches during the high water of early spring, and several millions of feet are every year brought to market in this manner. The Delaware and Hudson Canal brings vast quantities of coal from Pennsylvania, and keeps numerous barges constantly plying between its junction with the river at Rondout and the various cities reached by water from that lO HUDSON RIVER. point. The Erie Canal, connecting the Great Lakes with the ocean, through the Hudson River, affords means of transportation for Western produce and for the manufactured goods of the East. The immense " tows " of canal boats ascending and descending the river form an important and interesting feature of its commercial life. Quarries of various kinds of stone, valuable for building, paving, flagging, etc., are found at various points on and near the river; and in Ulster County water limestone, mak- ing the best cement, is found in inexhaustible quantities. Manufactories, founderies, machine-shops, ship-yards, and agricultural products unite to swell the numbers of every sort of vessel suitable for navigating these waters, and the fisheries afford employment and support to many men during the season for catching the different kinds of indigenous and migratory fish which inhabit the river and its tributaries. During the winter, many thousand tons of ice are cut and stored for domestic use and for exportation to other lands. HISTORY. It is difficult to fancy a greater change than that which has taken place at the mouth and along the shores of the Hudson River within the past two and a half centuries. In September, 1609, when Hendrick Hudson and his sturdy crew sailed through the narrows, and anchored their yacht, the Half-Moon, in New York Bay, the shores were covered with a magnificent forest, unbroken save by natural mead- ows, or by the villages of Indians. The beautiful bay and river, now one of the busiest scenes of commercial activity in the world, were without signs of human life, ex- cept the few canoes of the natives ; and Manhattan Island, with its dense population of a miUion souls, its splendid streets and buildings, and its proud commercial position as the Metropolis of the Western Continent, was a hilly, thickly HUDSON RIVER. II wcoded island, inhabited by a fierce and waiJke race of savages. Hendrick Hudson was sent out by the Dutch East India Company to search for a northwest passage to India, a prob- lem which has tempted explorers even to our own day ; and when he looked up the long line of the Palisades and noted the strong ebb and flow of the tidal currents at the mouth of the river, he thought his object gained. Accordingly he sailed up the river, viewing with wonder and delight the magnificent scenery, and observing the natural wealth of the country, until, on September 21, having reached the present site of Albany, he became convinced that he was following a river, and not a strait He was everywhere received with great friendliness by the Indians ; but when returning to the ocean, Hudson's mate shot an Indian for stealing, which caused an immediate collision, and several natives were killed. Hudson returned to Europe, and in consequence of his reports, trading vessels were soon sent out, and after a few years of traffic in furs, a settlement was made in 16 14, on the southern point of Manhattan Island. During the Revolutionary War, the Hudson was the scene of constant activity on the part of both armies. Washing- ton early perceived the strategic importance of the river and its dependencies, and used every means to retain posses- sion. The British, however, in 1776, wrested Manhattan Island from our then inexperienced troops, and retained it during the war. They were unable to effect a permanent lodgment above the island, although they made several suc- cessful raids up the river, once reaching as far as Kingston. Fortifications were erected at various commanding points along the river, whose sites are pointed out in the following pages. 12 HUDSON RIVER. THE DAY LINE OF STEAMERS Plying between New York and Albany possesses attrac tions and advantages which are seldom combined in one route of equal length. The whole distance between the Metropolis of the West- ern Hemisphere and the capital of the Empire State is most remarkable for the beauty of its scenery, and for the evidences of commercial prosperity which greet the eye on every hand. The boats of this line — namely, the well-known C. Vibbard and the Daniel Drew — are probably without exception the swiftest steamboats in the world. Built especially to meet the requirements of summer travelers on the Hudson River, these boats combine qualities of speed and comfort with fa- cilities for viewing the magnificent scenery through which they pass. To this end, while ample retiring-rooms are provided for ladies or invalids, the decks are unusually broad and open, so that an unobstructed view of the neighboring scenery may be obtained from almost any part of the boat. In order to meet the needs of persons who are unable to endure the strong breeze caused by the rapid motion of the boat, the forward saloons are provided with large windows, whence everything can be seen as well as from the more airy prom- enade decks. Spacious and well-ventilated dining-saloons enable the traveler to take his meals in comfort and luxury, unannoyed by the usual accompaniments which ordinarily mark the din- ing-room of a steamboat as a sleeping apartment. Travelers ascending the Hudson by rail, or at night, lose the extreme pleasure of this delightful trip. The cinders* smoke, noise, and fatigue of a railway journey need not be Diameter of cyliiider. . 62 inches Length of stroke. ... 12 feet. HUDSON RIVER. IJ mentioned to the modern traveler ; while the partial views ob- tained of river and mountains from a night boat serve but to suggest the charms of nature which only a trip by daylight can fully reveal. The two boats are essentially the same in size and equip- ments. The dimensions of the C. Vibbard are as follows : Length of keel. 265 feet. Breadth of beam. . 34 *' Depth of hold 9 ft. 8 in. The highest speed ever attained by these boats was made by the Vibbard^ which went from New York to Tarrytown, 27 miles, in one hour. The same boat also has run from West Point to Newburg (10 miles) in 20 J minutes. This speed was made on an extraordinary occasion, and it need not be expected that the powers of the boats will be so test- ed when loaded with passengers. The ordinary rate of speed is fully great enough to satisfy any reasonable traveler. The boats leave Pier 39, North River, at the foot of Vestry Street, New York, at 8. lo o'clock a.m., touching 15 minutes later at 24th Street, and reaching Albany at 6 o'clock p.m., landing at the foot of the Canal Basin, whence they start on their return trips at 8.30 o'clock A.M., reaching New York at 6.00 o'clock P.M. To reach the foot of Vestry Street, New York, by horse-cars, take any of the up and down town lines, and re- quest the conductor to let you off when he crosses the Grand Street cross-town line^ which will land you at Pier 40, N. R. To reach the foot of 24th Street, N. R., take the loth Av- enue line and get off at 23d Street, whence a short walk wiii take you to the wharf. Any cross-town line of cars will en- able you to reach the loth Avenue without walking. HUDSON RIVER. The Route of the Hudson Riveil JEBSEY CITY AND HOBOKEN. / As the steamer leaves her wharf 'and turns her head to the ntjrthward, the panorama of river and bay opens before us. To the westward is yersey City^ merging into Hoboken, the limit of the latter place being marked by the rocky promontory long known as Castle Hill, on which stands the mansion of the Stevens family. In the vicinity of Hoboken are many elegant residences of weal- thy New Yorkers, but the rapid in- crease of population is fast depriving them of the almost rural seclusion which they have until recently en- joyed, and the ornamental grounds which for a long time beautified the ridge back of the town are cut up into city lots. On the east side of the river is New York, with its apparently in- terminable line of wharves and rows of warehouses, stretching northward as far as the eye can reach, and ending in a forest of masts towards the south, beyond which are the gray walls of Castle William on Governor's Island, and still further the waters of Nezu York Bayy the Narrows^ and Staten Isl- and, The scene is always full of life and Tariety,and at certain times when wind and tide are favorable, the waters are alive with craft of all sizes, making for their various des- tinations all over the world, and seemingly in danger of constant col- lision. WEEHAWKEN. North Bergen, Bergen Co.., JV. y. Between Hoboken and Weehaw- ken are the Elysian Fields, former- ly a beautiful park, but now retain- ing few traces of the rural walks which once made it a favorite resort of New Yorkers. It continues to be visited by large numbers of pleas- ure-seekers, but the attractions af- forded by its noble trees and romantic grottoes have vanished, to make room for beer-gardens and places of entertainment. The Indian name was Wee hawk, but custom has add- ed the termination now invariably affixed. The scene of the duel be- tween Alexander Hatnilton and Aaron Burr is in Weehawken. The spot was formerly marked by a monument, but some reckless per- son destroyed it, and now but few are able to point out the place. It is a short distance above the point where a steep bank approaches the shore of the river. The fatal quar- rel between these two prominent HUDSON RIVER. 15 men was a ji.olitical one, and was marked by great malignity on the part of Burr, who took deadly aim, notwithstanding Hamilton's avowed purpose — which he carried out — of not returning his fire. Hamilton received a wound which proved fa- tal in a few days, and Burr was from that time almost ostracized, owing to the indignation of the pub- lic at what was esteemed a cold- blooded murder. MANHATTANVILLE Is a part of New York. The name is applied fo the neighborhood of I32d Street. The conspicuous building on high ground, a little south of Manhattanville, is the Lu- natic Asylum. It is surrounded by about forty acres of ornamental grounds, which are devoted to the use of the inmates of the Asylum. Nearer the river is the Claremont Hotels where in former years lived Viscount Courtenay^ afterwards Earl of Devon. yoseph Bona- parte occupied the house during the first year of his exile in this coun- try. It is now a popular resort for frequenters of the Eloomingdale ro?jd. CARMANSVILLE. At 1 5 2d Street is another suburb of New York, and, being further from the city, contains more of the elements of a rural district. The dis- fcmguished naturalist Audubon lived here for many years, and is buried in Trinity Cemetery near-by. The large building surmounted by a dome a little above Carmansville is the New York Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. It stands on the southern slope of Washington Heights, commanding a wide view, and surrounded by spacious and cultivated grounds. The buildings are m the form of a quadrangle, and are capable of accommodating 450 pupils. The institution is the old- est of its kind in the country, ex- cepting that at Hartford, Conn. It was incorporated April 15th, 1817. FORT WASHINGTON. 10 miles from New York. That portion of Manhattan Island known by the name of Washington Heights is the only part which re- tains to any great degree the natu- ral attractions which formerly ren- dered the whole island so beautiful. The grading and leveling of city engineers has not yet reached this charming region, although it is pen- etrated by streets in every direction, and contains elegant residences throughout its whole extent. The fortification after which this place is named was an extensive earthwork occupying the crown of Washington Heights, and commanding tht river above and below, as well as the neighboring country. It formed tho i6 HUDSON RIVER. end and citadel of an irregular line of works extending along the north- em part of the island. The point extending into the river under Wash- ington Heights is Jeffrey's Hook, and among its cedars are mounds which mark the site of a redoubt built at the same time with the neighboring fortifications. These works, with their garrison of 2, 700 roen, were captured by the British after a sharp resistance, on Nov. 15, 1776. This was the second de- feat of the Americans in New York, and was a severe blow to the friends of the republic in this vicinity. FORT LEE. Hackensack, Bergen Co., N. y. 10 miles from Neiu York. The traveler is now opposite the lower end of the Palisades, which stretch in an unbroken wall of col- umnar trap-rock for 20 miles along the river. These rocks vary in height from 3(X) to 500 feet above the water, and are crovmed by a heavy growth of timber. Houses are already beginning to be erected along the edge of this cliff, which commands a wide and beautiful view of the river and its shores, in- cluding Manhattan Island and the East River to Long Island Sound. Doubtless before many years a con- tinuous line of villas will crown the lop of this remarkable ridge. Fort Le4 stood on the summit of the ridge at its southern extremity. A little village now occupies its site. The remains of the fort are scarcely discernible, and cannot be seen at all from the river. This fort wa» occupied by the Americans until after the British had captured Fort Washington in 1776, when it also was abandoned, and the Americans retreated across the State of New Jersey. SPTJYTEN DUYVIL. Neiv York City and Co. 12 miles frotn New York. The cluster of houses on the up- per side of the creek whose mouth is here seen, is known as Sptcyten Duyvil, but the name was orig- inally applied only to the creek itself, which connects Harlem River with the Hudson, thereby forming Manhattan Island. Through this estuary tide-water flows, the cur- rents meeting at or near Kings- bridge, about a mile from the Hud- son. The name Spuyten Diiyvil ]& ascribed by the veracious Diedrich Knickerbocker (Washington Ir- ving), to Anthony Van Corlear, thf redoubtable Dutch trumpeter, who, being bound on an important mis- ,sion to the mainland, and finding himself unable to procure a boat, swore that ^^ en sptiyt den dnyvil** be would swim the creek. He plunged in, and when midway across HUDSON RIVER. 17 fv^as observed to struggle violently, until no longer able to resist the Duyvil, who was doubtless tugging at his legs, he raised his trumpet to his lips, gave a loud blast, and sank forever to the bottom. However it obtained its name, the vicinity is interesting. The creek formed the southern boundary of the fa- mous neutral ground of revolu- tionary times, where the regular troops of the American and British armies were continually making raids. At Kingsbridge, redoubts were thrown up on both sides of the creek, and on December 19, 1780, an encounter took place be- tween the Americans and a large detachment of British and Hes- I sians, which led to no decisive re- sult. Another skirmish occurred here in 1776, between a party of American stragglers and a Hessian guard, in which the former gained the advantage. Prior to these events, Hendrick Hudson and the Manhattan Indians had a long-sus- tained fight just at the mouth of che creek, where Hudson anchored the Half -Moon, in October, 1609. The Indians tried to board the yacht from their canoes, but were repulsed, PALISADES MOUNTAIN HOUSE. Englewood, Bergen Co., N'. y. Opposite Spuyten Duyvil is Ly- decker Peak, the highest point of the Palisades, which projects somewhat into the river. Upon this peak stands the magnificent Palisades Mountain House, in full view from the railroad and river. It is one of the finest summer hotels on the Hudson, and owing to the charming scenery it commands, the beautiful drives about it, its nearness to New York, its ease of access, and the superb style in which it is kept, it is a very popular resort for New Yorkers. It is reached by steam- boats from Harrison street, New York, to the dock at the foot of the Palisades, where stages await each boat, or by Northern N, J, R. R., from Chambers St, and W. 23d St., to Englewood, N. J. The house is kept by D. S. Hammond, a very popular proprietor. RIVERDALE. New York City and Co., 14 Miles from City Hall. This village is composed almost entirely of the country residences of gentlemen doing business in New York, About a mile and a half above Riverdale is Mt. St. Vincent y a large educational institution, owned and controlled by the Roman Catholics. It is under the control of the Sisters of Charity, who pur- chased Font Hill, from the celebra- tedtragedian, Edwin Forrest. The castellated structure of dark stone was built by Forrest as a private resi- dence. This building is now part i8 HUDSON RIVER. of the Mt. St. Vincent Academy, though, unfortunately, the two buildings are architecturally inhar- monious. YONKERS. Yonkers, Westchester Co., N. V. 17 miles from Ne7v York. Yonkers is a floiirishing town at the mouth of the Neperah or Saw- Mill River. The former name was given by the Indians, and signifies ** rapid-water village," aptly de- scribing the series of falls and rapids with which the stream joins the Hudson. The town is largely com- posed of the residences of city busi- ness men. Hendrick Hudson an- chored off Yonkers when ascending the river in September, 1609, and was visited by large numbers of In- dians with whom he traded. In the evening the tide set strongly up stream, which confirmed Hudson in the belief that he was in a passage between two oceans. The name Yonkers is derived from the Dutch Yoiik-hcer, signi- fying the heir of a family. The greater part of this region was purchased from the Van der DoncV family, to whom it was ori- ginally granted by Frederick Phil- i|ise. The old Philipse Manor still exists, and is a most attractive •bject for those interested in relics ©f the olden time. The manor Hands within the town of Yonkers. The older portion was Duilt in 1682, and the more modem portion in 1745. It is probably the finest specimen of an old-fashioned man- sion in the country. The interior decorations have been scrupulously preserved, and are very quaint and curious. In this old Hall was bom Mary Philipse, the belle of her day and the early love of Washington. She chose to marry another, Roger Morris; but it is said that Wash- mgton always cherished the memory of the beautiful heiress of Philips* Manor. HASTINGS. Greenburg, Westchester Co., N. IT, 21 7niles front Neiv York. About midway between Yonkers and Hastings, on the opposite side of the river, is the highest point of the Palisades, nearly 500 feet above the river. It is known as ''Indian Head," and from it may be obtained a wide view over the neighboring countrjfc Hastings is similar in its characteristics to Yonkers, and contains many beautiful country- seats. The country in its vicinity is diversified, and intersected by excellent roads, which render the rides and drives m every direction most attractive. A British force, under Cornwal- lis, crossed the river at this place in 1776, joined another force ia captvu-ing Fort Lee, and then purw i a 2 O 2 q I a be o ■»:! (-1 03 a> s a: >, w -s « -^ ,r^ M !Z5 M § § s 2 S Q O CQ "■ 1^ 5 13 cs -d ^ J2 § t S m ' ^- -S 2 o a d bn o ^ bo o rt 3 ^ _ c tw a "« -^ P. ^ IS c8 O -g -g H U Li •a tn " oT ■1: C3 .2 ■^ 2 2 -« Is 2 >-• ^i 1 ^ o 2 bD « ^ '& 5 I ^ Ih .3 § pq bo^ 3 b« ^ ^«^ S .s I I 1^5 1 ° "08 2 t! ® a i-s 2 *C h "H 3 S3 o $ 2 s a <§°1 g " i «« CJ rt III .2 S ^ 3 ^•1 o « "1 o p n 5 S.& HUDSON RIVER. »9 taed the Americans to the Dela- ware River. DOBBS' FERRY. Greenburg-, West:hester Co., N. Y. 22 miles from New York. A village of considerable size, containing villas and cottages of tasteful and elegant appearance. The village is named after a ferry which was kept in olden times be- tween this place and Piermont op- posite, by one Dobbs, a Swede. An attempt was made some years since to have this name changed to ** Pauldi7tg" as being both more euphonious and appropriate. The proposition led to quite a contro- versy in the newspapers ; but pub- lic opinion decided, for the time at least, in favor of the old Swedish ferryman. The river here widens into Tappan Bay^ or as it was called by the Dutch, Tapaan Zee. This bay extends to Croton Point, having an average width of nearly four miles. Dobbs' Ferry is well known in Revolutionary annals. The British concentrated their forces here after their dearly bought victory at Wliite Plains, five miles east. This battle took place in October, 1776. In 1777 a division of the Ameri- can army, under General Lincoln, was encamped here for several months. The Commission sent by Sir Henry Clinton to intercede for the life of the unfortunate spy Major Andre, landed here and held a long but unsuccess^vil consultation with General Greene, the president of the court which condemned him to death. Greene met the Chief of the Commission by permission of General Washington, only in the character of a private gentleman ; but although both friend and foe desired to save Andre's life, the con- ference proved unavailing. Dobbs' Ferry was the first place appointed for a meeting between Andre and Arnold. The plan, however, was not successfully carried out. PIERMONT. Orangetown, Rockland Coufity, N". Y. 24 miles from New York. A short distance below Piermont is the line between New York and New Jersey, near which the Pali- sades recede from the shore and lose their precipitous character. The ridge continues, however, in a series of hills reaching, in some places, a height of nearly 700 feet, but nowhere resuming the peculiar palisade formation. The long pier which projects into the river from this place is the terminus of a branch of the Erie Railway, which connects with the main line at Suf- fern, 18 miles west. Two miles back of Piermont is Tappan, where, on October 2d, 1780, Major Andr^ was tried, condemned, and execut- ed. (See page 22.) to HUDSON RIVEK. IRVINGTON, Oreeniurj^, Westchester County, N. V., 24 miles front Neiu York, Is a village of comparatively re- cent growth, inhabited in great part by the families of gentlemen whose places of business are in New York. The village is named in honor of Washitigtojt Irving, the genial au- thor whose pen has done so much to preserve whatever is interesting in the traditionary history of the Hudson River. * ' Sim ny side, ' ' the home of Irving during the last years of his life, is a little north of the village, and glimpses of the picturesque house and groimds may be caught from the steamer as it passes. This house, with its quaint Dutch gables, includes the original building known to readers of Ir- ving's works as *' Wolfert's Roost," where Ichabod Crane courted the lovely Katrina Van Tassel, as re- lated in the "Legend of Sleepy Hollow." Irving died November 28th, 1859, and was buried in the cemetery near Tarrytown, in that very "Sleepy Hollow" which his graceful pen has made fs-?ever fa- tuous. TARRYTOWN. Cretnhurg^ and Mt. Pleasant, West- chester Co., N. Y. 29 miles frottt Neiv York. Tarrytown is delightfully situated on a hillside overlooking the river and the Palisades t j the southward, and commanding a distant view of the Ramapo Mountains and th« Hudson Highlands to the west and north. The whole town is thickly stud- ded with dwellings of every size and every style of beauty. Prominent among these is the white marble edifice known as Paulding Manor, which stands just below the towa. It was built by descendants of Coni« modore Paulding, and is one of the finest specimens of the Elizabethan style of architecture in this country. It has passed out of the possession of the Paulding family. A little above Tarrytown is the Pocantico, a small stream flowing through the valley, called by the Dutch Slaepe7-igh Haven, and translated into English as Slee^ Hollow. About half a mile from the mouth of this stream is an old Dutch church, which is a curiosity in its way. It is the oldest church edifice in the State of New York, having been built in 1699. Its walla contain bricks which were imported from Holland when the church was erected. The old bell still hangs in the belfry, on whose pointed roof an iron vane still turns, bearing the monogram of the founder of the church, Frederick Philipse, whose mansion, known as Philipse Castle, stands on the banks of the stream not far distant. This is the dwelling HUDSON RIVER. SI whence the Philipse family moved when the mansion' at Yonkers was built. To the eastward of the church is the valley of Sleepy Hollow, and the identical bridge, or at least its iiccessor, over wliich the Headless iessian pursued Ichabod Crane, as related by Irving in the " Legend of Sleepy Hollow." Between this bridge and Tarry town the road crosses Andre's Brook, and near by stands a monument marking the spot where he was captured. A suitable inscription gives the leading facts connected with that event. The Palisades. Andre and Arnold. The story of Arnold's treason and of Andre's capture and exe- cution is one of the most interesting in our history, and we wiL briefly recount the leading facts concerning it. Benedict Arnold was, at the time of his treason, a major-gene« ral in the American army, having won his position by distin- guished gallantry and zeal in the cause of the repubHc. It is not necessary here to trace the successive steps which led to his fall. Suffice it to say that certain acts of his while in command at Philadelphia led to his trial by court-martial. He was merely sentenced to be reprimanded, but the sentence, mild as it was, embittered him towards his country, and he soon began to take steps towards opening a correspondence with the enemy. He succeeded in getting himself assigned to the command of West Pomt and vicinity, and under the name of " Gustavus " began negotiations for the surrender of West Point with Sir Henry Clinton, then commanding the British forces which held New York. Finally arrangements were made for a meeting with Major John Andrd^ Adjutant-General of the British army. The first appointment was not kept, but a second was more successful. The British sloop of war Vulture was sent up to Teller's Point with Andre on board. Nothing occurred the first night ; but the second night Arnold sent a small-boat, in which Andrd was brought ashore. The boat landed on the west side of the river, at the mouth of Haverstraw Creek, just below Stony Point, and Arnold and Andrd consulted together until daylight. Their plans were incomplete when day broke, and Arnold persuaded his companion to go with him to a tory house near by. Horses were at hand, provided by Arnold, and they rode together through the dark woods. Presently they were challenged by a HUDSON RIVER. 3$ sentry, and then Andrd perceived that he was within the enemy's h'ne — a spy. They went on, however, and entered the house. As soon as dayhght was sufficiently clear, an American gun opened fire on the Vulture from Teller's Point, and the vessel weighed anchor and dropped down the river. Andr^ was in uniform, but in order to provide against discovery he put on a plain coat. In the course of the day plans for the surrender of the garrisons about West Point were completed, and Andr^ was anxious to regain the British lines. Being unable to get a boat to take him down to the Vulture, Andrd was forced to take the land route. Accordingly he crossed King's Ferry from Stony to Verplanck's Point, passed through the American works at the latter, and, guided by a tory named Smith, and a negro servant, proceeded down the Tarrytown road. Arnold had given the party all necessary passes, so that American guards only halted the party temporarily. Reaching the last outpost the officer on duty persuaded them to remain all night, owing to the danger from marauders on the road further south. Early in the morning they went on. Andre's guide, ac- companied him as far as Croton River, and there left him to go DH alone. No regular American patrols went south of this river, but on this particular morning a party of volunteers had agreed to guard the road, and three of them were stationed at the brook near Sleepy Hollow. Andrd soon appeared, and although he tried to disarm their suspicions, they compelled him to dismount and submit to a search. In his stockings were found the fatal papers. Andrd offered bribes to a large amount if they would let him go, but the stern patriots refused his highest offers, and marched him off to the nearest American post. The commanding officer, Colonel Jamieson, was very near sending prisoner, papers, and all to Arnold, but Major Tallmadge per- suaded him to send only a letter detailing the circumstances of the arrest. This letter Arnold received while at breakfast. He immediately left the table, ordered his horse, saying that he was wanted down the river, rode to Beverly Dock (see page ), and leaping into his six-oared barge went down the river with all speed to the Vulture. 14 HUDSON RIVER. Andrd at once wrote to Washington, franlay telling the whole truth about his complicity with Arnold, and closing with the words " Thus was I betrayed (being Adjutant-General of the British army) into the vile condition of an enemy in disguise within your posts." Washington convened a court, which tried Andrd at Tappan. The accused so freely and truthfully ad- mitted all the charges and specifications, that it was not neces- sary to examine a single witness, and the Court, after long deliberation, reluctantly sentenced him to death. Much sym- pathy was felt for Andrd throughout the American camp, but everyone acknowledged that under the circumstances no leniency should be shown. An informal proposition was made to ex- change him for Arnold, but neither Washington nor Sir Henry Clinton would officially consider this plan, and on October 2. 1780, Andre was hung. In 1832 his remains were removed to England, and a monu- ment stands in Westminster Abbey on which the sad story is inscribed. Arnold was made a Major-General in the British army, and received ;^ 10,000, the price of his treason, but was despised even by his brother officers, and died with hardly a friend to mourn his loss. Monuments have been erected to the memory of Paulding and Van Wart, two of the men engaged in Andrd's capture at Peekskill and Tarrytown. HUDSON RIVER. a5 NYACK. Orangetoivn, Rockland Co., N. V. 27 miles from New York. Nearly opposite Tarrytown, at the foot of a precipitous hill. Red sandstone was formerly quarried in large quantities near this place, but the discovery of equally good stone nearer the river has rendered it \m- profitable to work the mines. SING SING. Ossining, Westchester Co., N. Y. 32 miles from Neiu York. This town is on the east bank, and a large part of its houses com- mand an extensive view down the river. Sing Sing is best knovim as the site of the State Prison, to which most of the convicts of New York City are sent. The white prison buildings will be readily re- cognized at the lower end of the town. The marble of which these buildii »^s are constructed is the kind known as dolomite. It is quarried near by, and the prisons have been buili by the convicts themselves The main building was ready foi occupation in 1829, but has received improvements and additions since. In connection with the prison, the name of Capt. Elam Lynds should not be forgotten. This officer took charge of a party of one hundred convicts at Auburn, brought them to Sing Sing (there were no rail- roads in those days), and set them to work to wall themselves in, which in due time was accomplished, and thus Sing Sing prison was be- gun. Capt. Lynds was a natural disciplinarian, and is said to have brought the hundred men from Au- burn with the aid of only a few guards. Opposite Sing Sing is a liigh hill, projecting somewhat into the river. This is known by its old Dutch name of Verdritege Hook. The name signifies "grievous," and was given in consequence of the frequent squalls which beset the sailor in this neighborhood. Rockland Lake lies on one of the shoulders of this mountain. This lake is about half a mile from the river, and 300 feet above it. Large quantities of ice are cut from its surface every win- ter. The slide by which the ice is sent down to be loaded on barges may be seen near the landing, lead- ing straight up the hillside to the lake shore. The peculiar sharp- pointed peak near by is known as the High Torn. TELLER'S AND CROTON POINTS. Cortland, Westchester Co., N". Y. 36 miles from New York. The extremity of this tongue of land, projecting far into the rive< from its eastern bank, is known as 96 HUDSON RIVER. Teller's Point. Croton Point is that portion nearet the shore of the river. It separates Tappan Bay from Ilaverst7'aw Bay. Off this point the Vulture anchored when she brought Andre to meet Arnold, and from thence the gun was brought to bear which drove that vessel down the river. Croton Point is now occupied by the vineyards of Dr. Underhill, whose pure wines are much used for medicinal purposes. Just below Teller's Point is the mouth of Croton River ^ which supplies New York with water. This stream has a wide mouth, sometimes called Croton Bay, which was partly filled up in 1841 by the washing away of the Croton Reser- voir dam. The work was, however, pressed forward, and in 1842 water was supplied to the city through the Lroton pipes. The aqueduct is built of solid masonry, and follows the course of the Hudson at an average distance of about a mile from its shore. This aqueduct is capable of discharging 60,000,000 gallons per day into the receiving reservoir in the Central Park, New Yoi'k. The entire cost of the Cro- ton works at their completion was about $14,000,000. Since that time gi-eat improvements and addi- tions have been made, to meet the demands of the growing city. It is estimated that the Croton River will supply water enough for New York even if the city should tt»s3k five times its present size. HAVERSTRAW. Haverstra^v, Rockland Co., N". 1^, 36 miles from New York. For a few miles below Havei* straw, the summits of the ' High, lands are distinctly in sight, up the rivtr, although their bases are hidden by intervening hills. The long ridge-like elevation, toward which the boat heads, is the Donder- berg, near 1,000 feet in height, Haverstraw is the village seen on a high bank, or plateau, on the west side of the river, which above Cro- ton Point spreads out into the wide and beautiful expanse known as Haverstraw Bay. VERPLANCK'S POINT AND STONY POINT. 38 miles from New York. These two points mark the up- per end of Haverstraw Bay. Stony Point is on the west side of the river, a bold rocky eminence, hav- | ing a lighthouse on its summit. * Opposite, on the east side of the river, is Verplanck" s Point, which may be recognized by several laigc brick-making establishments, with their kilns and drying-houses. Just below Stony Point is Grassy Pointy and opposite to it Montrass^t Point. Between Stony and Ver« planck's Point the river is only half HUDSON RnrER. «y a mile wide, which fact, together with the commanding positions af- forded by the neighboring hills, ren- dered this an important pass dm-ing the Revolutionary War. Long pre- vious to that war a ferry was es- tablished here known as King's Fer- ry, forming an important avenue of communication between the East- em and Middle States. The im- portance of the Hudson River as a base of operations and as a natural boundary was early recognized by Washington, and here, as at Wash- ington Heights, fortifications were erected commanding the river. A short distance southwest of Stony Point is Treason Hill, whereon stands Smith's house, in which Andr^ and Arnold com- pleted their scheme for the sur- render of West Point, and whence Andre started to cross King's Ferry, on his fatal journey toward New York. Above Stony Point a high lime- stone cliff rises from near the water's edge. At its foot are the "Tomp- kins Lime Kilns," looking like a stone fortress with arched case- mates. These quarries have been worked for many years, and vast quantities of slaked lime are annual- ly shipped to market. Besides the lime, between 30,000 and 40,000 tons of gravel, too coarse for slak- ing, are used for roads in the Cen- tral Park, New York, and othei public highways in the vicinity. 28 HUDSON RIVER. The Capture of Stony Point. The forts located at Stony Point were held by the Americans until June ist, 1779, when they were simultaneously invested by a British force, eommanded by Sir Henry Clinton. No direct attack was made on Fort Lafayette, the work on Verplanck's Point, until after the evacuation of Stony Point. The garrison at the latter place numbered only 40 men. and abandoned the work on the approach of an overwhelming force of the British, who quietly took possession, ran up the cross of St. George on the flagstaff, and opened fire on Fort Lafayette with the captured guns. At the same time Gen. Vaughan attacked on the east side of the river, and the weak garrison of 70 men was soon forced to surrender. The loss of this position was a severe blow to the Americans, compelling them to make a wide detour in order to keep up their communications. Genera/ Anthony Wayne at once requested and obtained permission to Btorm Stony Point, and at midnight on the 15th of July, 1779, led two columns of picked men to the assault. They advanced undiscovered tmtil they were close upon the British picket, which of course gave the alarm, and the garrison turned out. The parapet was manned, and a scathing fire of grape and musketry swept the hillside; but "Mad An- thony " was at the head of his column, and, within half an hour aftei the first shot, carried the works at the bayonet's point, capturing the entire garrison with its stores. Wayne was knocked over, but not seriously injured, by a musket ball. The next morning a cannonade was opened on the works at Verplanck's Point, and continued through *he day. Re-enforcements were sent to the British, and it soon became ^ddent that sufficient force to hold Stony Point could not be spared by the Americans. They therefore dismantled and abandoned the fort, and it passed again into British hands. They, however, in turn abandoned the position in October, and from that time the Americans retained possession. HUDSON RIVER. «9 FEEKSKlLL. Courtland, Westchester Co., N. Y. 43 miles from New York. Soon after rounding Verplanck's Point, Peekskill may be seen near the Highlands, on the east bank of the river. At this point, in ascending the river, a stranger naturally infers that the river follows the base of the high hills stretching to the eastward. This delusion is aided by the wide creek or inlet which opens in that dii-ection. It will not therefore be thought strange that in early times Jan Peek, a Dutch skipper, steered his craft up this creek and in due time ran her hard and fast aground. Jan looked about him, and seeing that the land was good, concluded to remain, which he accordingly did, and the place is called Peek's Kill unto this day. The village is a pleasant one, and within easy reach of all interesting parts of the High- lands. The Rro. Henry Ward Beecher has a country residence a little east of the village. Fort Independence stood, during Revolutionary t'mes, on the point above Peekskill, where its ruins may Btill be seen. The village on the point opposite Peekskill is CaldwelPs Landing, and above it rise the rocky and weather-beaten crags of the Donder- berg, or Tliundei -mountain, ar ound which, at the close of a sultry sum- mer day, black clouds are wont to gather, casting a deep inky black* ness over mountain and river, while mutterings of thunder are echoed from peak to peak, with such strango and confused rumblings that we can hardly wonder at the superstitions which, according to Irving, peopled the hills with a crowd of little imps in sugar-loaf hats and short doublets, who were seen at various times "tumbling head over heels in the rack and mist," and bringing down frightful squalls on such craft as fail, ed to drop the peaks of their main- sails in salute to the Dutch goblin who kept the Donderberg. As the boat passes Peekskill the view up stream becomes truly magnificent. On the east shore opposite, and a little above the Donderberg, is An- thofty^s Nose, over 1,200 feet high. In the *• History of New York," Irving gives an amusing account, too long to quote here, of the origin of this name. Another, and perhaps more trustworthy account, says that it was once jocularly compared to the nose of one Anthony Hogans, the captain of a sloop, who possess- ed an unusually large nose, and thus the name obtained a local currency which eventually became fixed as the title of this majestic hill. Ou 30 HUDSON RIVER. the west side ot the river is lona Island, on which are extensive vine- yards. This island is the northern- most point which is reached by the sea-breeze. The effect upon vege- tation is very noticeable in the spring of the year. The stream which may be seen falling into the river below Antho- ny's Nose is known as Brocken Kill. It is full of romantic cascades, almost from its mouth to its source. FORTS CLINTON AND MONT- GOMERY. Corn^vall, Orati^e Co., N. Y. 47 miles fro7n Netu York. On the west side of the river, near- ly opposite to Anthony's Nose, may be seen the mouth of Montgomery Creek. On the rocky heights above and below the creek stood Forts Clinton and Montgomery, which were in 1777 the principal defences of the Hudson. They were con- sidered impregnable to an assault from the land side, and with the ord- nance of the day they had little to fear from a naval attack. A heavy boom, made of a huge iron chain on timber floats, stretched across the river, and was made fast to the rocks at Anthony's Nose. This, it was thought, would effectually pre- vent the ascent of a hostile fleet. On October 6th, 1777, Sir Henry Clinton sent a strong detachment around and over the Donderberg to attack these forts in the rear. A demonstration on the east side the river had led General Putnam to anticipate an attack on Fort In- dependence, near Peekskill, and a portion of the garrison at Fort Mont- gomery was temporarily withdraw to strengthen that post. The Britis had a sharp skirmish with an Ameri^ can detachment at Lake Sinni piiik^ which is still known amon the inhabitants as " -Bloody Pond." This attack was the first warnir which aroused the garrison at th< forts. In the course of the after noon the forts were attacked, an( the garrisons defended themselves gallantly until evening, when, having become evident that the could not hold out, they took to tl mountains, an orderly retreat beir impossible, and so the greater par escaped. An American flotilla, con sisting of two sloops and som( smaller craft, which lay above the boom, had to be abandoned and burned to prevent its falling into the enemy's hands. The next morning the boom, which had cost the Ameri cans so much labor and money, was, destroyed, and the British fleet, with a detachment of troops, proceeded up the river, A short time after- wards the British received the news of Burgoyne's surrender, and the forts were evacuated. Near Montgomery Creek another smaller stream falls into the Hud- son. This is Sinnipink Creeks hay* HUDS»Ori iilVER. 3« iug its 1 ise in a lake of the same name, half a mile distant. At the mouth of this stream is an ice de- pot of the Knickerbocker Ice Com- pany. The ice is slid down from Sinnipink Lake on ways, and stored or summer use. WEST POINT (Landing). Cornwall, Orange Co., N. V. 61 mt'les fro7n New York. Soon after passing the former site of Fort Montgomery, the gray ruins of Fort Putnam may be seen crowning the heights above West Point. A little co^^e may now be seen in the east bank of the river, where is a stone wharf, and two or three small buildings. This is "Beverly Dock," from which Ar- nold started in his hasty flight to the Vulture, which lay in Tappan Bay. On the hill, not far distant, is Robinson's house, where Arnold was breakfasting when he received the news of Andre's capture. Near- ly opposite, and a little above Bever- ly Dock, Buttermilk Falls may be seen, breaking in snow-white foam over a black sloping rock. A con- siderable village stands on the stream above the fall. Cozzens* Hotel, a favorite and fashionable resort dur- ing the summer months, is on a commanding height near the falls. This hotel is surrounded on all sides by the most charming walks and l>leasure -grounds. West Point is best known as the site of the United States Military Acadejny. Before the commence- ment of the present century, Wash* ington suggested this place as a proper one for the establishment of such an institution, but no formal steps were taken by Congress until. 1802. Ten years later, in 18 1 2, the school was fairly established, and has ever since continued to increase in importance and excellence. But little of the academy can be seen from a passing boat, the build- irxgs being situated on an elevated plateau, about 180 feet above the river. This plateau is occupied by the various barracks, schools, arse- nals, etc., connected with the insti- tution. These are so arranged as to leave a broad parade open for mili- tary evolutions, parades, etc. The average number of cadets is about 250. Candidates for admis- sion are nominated by members of Congress and by the President, a certain number being fixed for each congressional district. These can- didates report for examination in June of each year, and, if they are mentally and physically qualified, are admitted as cadets, which is, in mili- tary rank, a gp-ade below second lieutenant. The course of instruc- tion is very thorough and complete, especially in mathematics ; military tactics and operations bearing an important place. The best time to visit West Point is during tiM 32 HUDSON RIVER. months of July and August, when the cadets go into camp. Drills, parades, and guard-mountings are the order of the day, all being done in the best manner known in mili- tary science. West Point was the scene of no actual fighting during the Revolu- tion, although it was fortified. A boom similar to that which was prepared at Fort Montgomery was stretched across the river from West Point to Constitution Island. The island was heavily fortified to« ward the latter part of the war, and remains of the old batteries may still be seen. Of the fortifications on the west side of the river Fort Putnam is the most interesting. It is 596 feet above the river, and the view from its crumbling walls is exceedingly fine. INDIAN FALLS, GARRISON. f Pkilipstown, Putnant Co., N. V. 50 Miles from Neiv York. Hotel — Highland House. This station, named in honor of • distinguished family of Revolu- tionary fame, is on the east bank of the Hudson, opposite West Point. GARRISON, N. Y. It is surrounded by the most sublime and piciuresque scenery of the Hud- son, and is associated with some ol the eventful scenes of Revolutionary times. About one mile south o! the depot is the Robinson House, where Benedict Arnold received the COZZENS' HOTEL.— Cos^e/u' Landing, West Point, N.T, GooDSELL Bkothers, Proprietors. This elegant and favorite summer resort stands on a commanding eminence on the west side of the Hudson, 250 feet above the river, and about one mile and a half south of the Military Academy ot West Point. It commands one of the finest views on the Hudson, embracing the very heart of the Highlands, and the wildest and most picturesque scenery on this famous river. Its location is remarkably healthful ; no cases of sickness having originated at this resort m twenty-five years. West Point was selected as the site of the Mili- tary Academy partly because of the healthfulness of the locality. Its location is particularly convenient for New York families, as It is but fifty miles distant, and gentlemen are enabled to visit New fork daily, returning to Cozzens' at night if they desire. Among the many places of interest around Cozzens' are the U. S. Military Academy, where daily military exercises of interest occur, old Fort Putnam, Beverly Dock, Robinson House, Buttermilk Falls, etc. The drives among the historic Highlands are celebrated for their enchant- ing beauty, and one or two, including the five-mile drive to Crystal Lake, have recently been laid out. Distinguished visitors, includ- ing our national officials and celebrities, annually visit West Point Academy during the examinations, which begin on the Ht of June. The hotel is built of brick, and is so constructed that all its rooms command delightful views of the river and mountain scenery. It will accommodate about 400 guests, who are the most refined and re- spected classes of our metropolitan society. The house is kept in a style to suit such patronage, and Cozzens' Hotel stands unrivaled among our summer resorts in its quiet elegance and comfort. The table is not surpassed by any hotel in America in luxxiries or style, and excellent music daily enlivens the enjoyments of this elegant and unexceptional resort. It can be reached by the Hudson River Railway to Garrison's Station, whence a steam-ferry conveys passengers to Cozzens' Dock ; or by Day Line Steamers to West Point, with omnibus to Cozzens' Hotel, or the Mary Powell and Jas. W, Baldwin to Cozzens'. Carriages await at Cozzens' Dock and West Point the arrival of all boats and trains. Daily excursions may be made from New York, stopping for dinner and spending three or four hours at the hotel, returning to the city the same day. Passengers should not mistake the West Point or Government Hotel for Cozzens', but drive to Cozzens' Hotels kept by Goodsell Bros. S2a HUDSON RIVER. letter from Col, Jamieson, informing him of the arrest of Andre. These noted historic places are easily visited from the Highland House, situated about half a mile east of the R.R. station, on a plateau com- manding one of the most delightful prospects for which the banks of the Hudson are so justly celebrated. It is surrounded on the east and south with mountains abounding in running brooks and wild, shaded glens, while it overlooks West Point and the Highlands to the west. Tlie house is so situated as to receive the cool breezes from the west and north which circulate on the eastern side of the valley of the Hudson. The hotel is conducted by the Messrs, Garrison, descend- ants of the family from which the place derives its name, and is in all respects a well-conducted resort. In the vicinity are delightful drives and places of peculiar beauty, among which are Indian Falls, Glen Falls, North and South Redoubt, An- thony's Nose, and Sugar Loaf Mountains on the e«.st side of the river ; and West Point, Fort Put- nam, Old Cro' Nest, Storm King, Highland Falls on the west side ; while the beautiful Hudson, bright with many a sail and steamer, flows majestically through the mountains toward its ocean home. Altogether, it is one of the most delightful resorts to be found in America. Near bj are the summer residences of Hon. Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State of the United States, and several other prominent citizens of New York City. COLD SPRING. Philiptown, Putnam Co., N. Y. 54 miles from. Ne7v York, Cold spring is noted, for its IroE Foundry. Here, under the super- intendence of Major Parrot, were cast the celebrated Parrot guns, which did such good service in the war of the Rebellion. On an ele- vated plateau near the village is Un* dercUff.^ the country-seat of the late George P. Morris. The moun- tain immediately above Cold Spring is Bull Hi 11^ or, to give its more classic name, Mt. Taurus. It is 1,586 feet in height. Just above this elevation, and separated from it by a valley, is Breakneck Hill^ 1,187 f'^et high. It is stated that the former of these hills was once the abode of a wild bull, which became such a source of dread to the inhabitants that they organized a hunt, and drove the animal fronf his accustomed haunts across the valley to the neighboring hill,' where he dashed over the rocks and broke his neck. The two hillswcre named m honor of this adventure, i Breakneck Hill was formerly dis-! ^niw^'s de Tre ses an by ou rison's House GRAM8 i lit 11 1^1 too- g H'- * alt !?? grounds, ma and Bowling aats Mary Pc cct access to t Grand U BE SEEN. m 6-S 2^i!>H: 'Z •■• t4 t^ Illii >3S S! 5- CO ® 3S © lf§!l ■* n- 5" -• H3f=. ft ^ n W^-|o ^s-.?; R the Be* e. All land at stage an Avenue ai - M © ".11 ■J. >* O ■ 2 ■» S S a© t^Kis 2 ^"^ s '^S BS g 1 fe N P a ^ •§ H P4 1 w 3 H H HUDSON RIVER. 3S tingnished by a huge mass of rock, bearing a marked resemblance to a human face. This smgular forma- tion was for many years one of the sights to be looked at by every pas- senger Mp or down the river. In 1846 a party of workmen was blast- ing near by, under the charge of a Captain Ayers, and an unfortunate blast loosened the rock, so that St. Anthony's Face^ as it was called, was forever destroyed. Mr. Blake accuses Ayers of intentionally caus- ing this mutilation of the moun- tain, but we are loth to believe that such could have been the case. The face was on the southwestern angle of the mountain, and the wreck of fallen rocks may still be seen from the passing boat. The promontory at the foot of Bull Hill is known as Little Stony Point. On the west side of the river are Cro' Nest and Butter Hill. The former is the one next above West Point. It is 1,418 feet high, and separated from Butter Hill by a wild and picturesque valley. The name Cro^ Nest probably was at first applied to a deep rocky depres- sion which exists near the summit, but it is now understood to mean the mountain itself. The name will re- call Joseph Rodmaft Drake's beauti- ful poem, « The Culprit Fay,'' the Bcene of which is laid among these kiUs. The precipice which forms th« river-face of Cro' Nest is knowi as * ' Kicld's Plug Cliff." It owes its name to a singular projecting mas? of rock which may be seen near its summit. The neighboring mountain hai of late come to be called the Storjn King, and as the old name is nei- ther beautiful nor appropriate, it will soon be forgotten. Its summit is 1,529 feet high. To the lateiV. P, Willis is due the credit of rechristen- ing this grand peak, as well as giv- ing appropriate names to other ob- jects of interest in the vicinity. Mr. Willis' cottage, ^^Idlewild," stands almost on the northern slope of the Storm King, and commands exten- sive views of the neighboring coun- try. The cottage itself can hardly be seen from the river. CORNWALL LANDING. Cornwall, Orange Co., JV. V. 56 miles front New York. The village of Cornwall is a short distance west of the river. The beauty of its situation renders it a fashionable resort during the sum- mer, when its many Ijeautiful resi- dences are the scene of a constant round of gayety. After passing Breakneck Hill, Beacon Hill may be seen to the eastward. This elevation is 1,471 feet in height, and commands a pros- pect which has given it considerable THE TSTE^WBUHG-H IISTSTITUTB Seminary Place. NEWBURGH. N.Y. Henbt W. Siolar, A.m. (Yale); John Ma-jnie, A.M., Principala. The Newburgh Institute occupies the buildings and grounds widely known as the Seminary Plnce^ situated in the BuDurbs of the city and sufficiently removed from the troublesome influences of business centres. Two substantial stone buildings, one four stories and 70x40 feet, and the other two stories and 25x40 feet, furnish abundant first-class accommodations, while the grounds, containing three acres, afford ample room for out- door sports. The position is a commanding one — overlooking the City of Newburgh and the Hudson for many miles. The Institute is a Family School fov Boys, conducted, in re- spect to its boarding arrangements, on the plan of a well-ordered home. The pupils reside with Mr. Siglar, where they are re- garded as actual members of his family. In fact, all the affairs of the household are regulated with special reference to the comfort, health, moral culture, and refinement of the boys con- nected with it. The pupils are not partitioned off by themselves^ but they share in the best that the house affords, join the family circle, and enjoy the social advantages of a Christian home. The Plan of the School is such that boys may begin their school-life at the Institute, and there receive a thorough prep- aration for College, or as extended an education as may be desired, preparatory to entering upon a business or a professional life. The Elementary Branches of an English education are taught with the greatest care and tJioi'oughness. The constan t aim is to make thinkers as well as scholars, to teach self-control and self-reliance. For INFORMATION in regard to the Institute as a Preparatory School, parents are referred to the Faculty of Yale College ; in regard to the thoroughness with which the elementary branches are taught — to former pupils, now in business, and to patrons. The Course of Study aims at a thorough mastery of a few subjects, in preference to a showy and superficial acquaintance with a number of studies for which no foundation has been laid. Pupils intended to follow a collegiate course, are carefully pre- pared for entrance to any of our colleges — our success in this de- partment has been very gratifying. Pupils intended for business life, are specially grounded in the studies most essentially im- portant to a business man. The Twelfth Annual Session will begin on Tuesday, September 14th, 1876. With the exception of short recesses at Christmas and Easter, the session will continue without interruption till July 1st, 1876. The TERMS for Board, Washing (12 pieces per week), and Tuition in all etudies, are $400 per anr na ' f SIX), to be paid at the beginning of the session, aiad $200 on the 1st of Febr luffs is known to river men as Crom Elbow., a combination of the original Dutch name and its English equivalent. A creek of the Kune name falls into the river. The point on the east shore is De Vroos Point. A light iron foot-bridge will be noticed crossing a deep cut- ting of the Hudson River Railroad. The house beyond is that of JosepA BoormaHy first President of thi Hudson River Raflroad. Between Hyde Park and Oak Hill, 30 miles above, there is a large number of extensive and ancient country-seats, many of them ante- dating the Revolution. The beauty of the country seems to have at- tracted* men of taste and wealth in those days to make their homes along this fertile bluff, and in many cases their descendants still occupy the old mansions of their fathers, — a state of things so rare in America as to deserve especial notice. About a mile above Hyde Park landing is '■'■ Placentia^^'' the former home of the late James K. Pav-l" ding, one of the pioneers of Ameri- can literature, and the friend of Washington Irving. Opposite, on the west bank, but scarcely in sight from the river, is the famous apple farm of R. L. Pell, Esq, On this farm there are said to be 25,000 bearing apple-trees. The fruit of these trees is packed with the great- est care, and much of it is shipped to Europe. STAATSBUBG. Hyde Park, Dutchess County, N". Y. 85 miles from N^iu York. The banks of the river from this place northward lose the precipitous character which has marked them 38 HUDSON RIVER. thus far, and slope from the river in a ie95 abrupt manner. Two miles above Hyde Park, Esopus Island will be noticed near the east bonk. Just below it are some low rocks, on which the steamer Berk- shire was burned in 1864. She caught fire off the island, and was purposely run on these rocks to en- able the passengers to escape. Just below Esopus Island, on the west side of the river, is the residence of John Astor, Esq. Opposite are two fine estates, the lower owned by Dr. Hussack, and the upper by Mrs. M. Livingston. The village of Staatsburg is on the east bank. EONDOUT. Kingston, Ulster County, N. Y. 90 vtiles from Neiv York, Hotel — Rkittecliff House. Rondout Creek enters the Hud- son from the westward. Its mouth is the eastern end of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, which joins the creek 2.\ miles above. This canal, finished in 1828, extends to the vicinity of the Pennsylvania coal- fields ; and every provision is made ^. Rondout for the trans-shipment •f vast quantities of coal. PORT EWEN Is a comparatively new village, be- low the mouth of the creek- Near- ly all the inhabitants of these vil- lages are engaged in one way cm another in the coal business, and in the extensive Rosendale cement quarries, whose products are highly valued, and largely used all ovet the country. KINGSTON, Formerly EsopitSy is on Esoptt* Creeky which at that point ap- proaches within about '2 miles of Rondout, and then curves to the northward, entering the Hudson 12 miles above. Kingston was settled in 16 14, and was thrice destroyed by Indians before a per- manent footing was obtained by the Europeans. In 1777 the State Legislature met and formed a con- stitution. In the autumn of the same year, soon after the capture of Forts Montgomery and Clinton by the British, General Vaughan, with 3,000 troops, landed at Ron- dout, marched to Kingston (then Esopus), and sacked and burned the town, remaining until they re- ceived the news of Burgoyne's sur- render, when they at once retired to New York, abandoning all that they had gained. While Esopuf (Kingston) was burning, the in- habitants fled to Hurley, a neigh- boring village, where the small force of American troops tried and hung a messenger who was caught carrying dispatches from Clinton to Burgoyne. When first caught HUDSON RIVER. 39 ybis man swallowed a silver ball, which an emetic brought again to light, and which was found to con- tain the fatal dispatch. KHINEBECK. Rhinebeck, Dutchess County, N. Y. 90 unites frotn New York. Not far above Staatsburg, on the east side of the river, is the country- seat known as Wildercliff. It is by no means so elegant as many of the neighboring estates ; but to members of the Methodist Church in America it is interesting as hav- ing been built by F?'eeborn Garrett- son^ the eminent preacher, who married a sister of Chancellor Liv- ingston, and to whose energy is due much of the prosperity of that branch of the Christian Church. The place may be recognized by the broad lawn which lies in front of the house. Next above this place is Ellerslie^ the residence of the Hon. William Kelly, long prominent in political life. His es- tate contains about 600 acres, much of which is devoted to gardens and ornamental grounds, and the rest is highly cultivated as a farm. The quaint stone house on a hill near Rhinebeck Landing is the Beekman House, built prior to 1700. It served as a church and as a fort during early times, when the In- dians were hostile and powerful. The village of Rhinebeck is 2 miles from the river, ami cannot be seen from the steamer. Within the limits of the town there is an extensive vein of gold - bearing quartz, which yields the precious metal in paying quantities. The principal lode is on the property of R. W. Millbank, but it probably extends to and beyond the river. This quartz is found between well- defined walls of the ordinary talco- argillaceous slate characteristic of the region. BARRYTOWN. Red Hook, Dutchess County. /V Y. 96 miles from Ne7u York. Formerly knoAvn as Lower Red Hook Landing. A little above Rhinebeck is the residence of Wil- liam B. Astor. It may be recog- nized by its tower and pointed roof. This estate is named Rokeby, and is one of the finest on the river. Next above is the estate known as Mont- gomery Place, surpassing in beauty, if possible, the last one mentioned. The house was built by the wife of General Montgomery, who fell in the assault on Quebec in 1775. Her brother, Edward Livingston, suc- ceeded her in the ownership of the place, and his family still occupies it. Near the eastern shore, 2 milei above Barrytown, is Cruger's Isl- and, a spot made beautiful by nature and art. 40 HUDSON RIVER. In a grove near the southern end stands a ruin which was imported from Italy by the former proprietor of the island. Its broken arches may be seen among the trees as the boat passes, forming a singular con- trast with the modern architecture of the neighboring house. The latter, however, is not in sight from the boat at the same time with the ruin. A glimpse of it may be caught in passing, a short distance above. TIVOLI. Red Hook, Dutchess Co., N. V. 100 miles front N'e^u York. This is a small village around the railway station. Neai the vil- lage is an old mansion now owmed by Col. De Peyster, which was built before the Revolution by one of the Livingston family. The British, on their way to burn Clare- mont, a little above, in 1777, stop- ped here, under the impression that this was the house to be destroyed. The proprietor, however, aided by his well-stocked wine-cellar, con- vinced them of their mistake, and they left him unmolested. SAUGERTIES. Saugerties, Ulster Co., N. Y. 100 miles fro7n Neiv York. Saugerties is near the mouth of Esopiis Creeky which is navigable to the village. There are extensive iron works and paper-mills at this place. and large quantities of flagg^ng-stonf are quarried in the vicinity. A short distance above Saugerties is Maiden. "Plattekill Clove," which lies back of this place, in the moun- tains, is a remarkably wild and rugged chasm, affording scenery of varied grandeur and beauty. A road winds through this gorge up to the mountain region beyond. Passing the landings of East and West Camps we soon reach GEKMANTOWN. Germanto7vn, Columbia Co., N. Y, 105 miles from Neiv York. The view of the Catskill Moun- tains is here very fine. The entire range can be seen, and the CatskiU Mountain House may be distin guished in relief against the sky. Germantown is not directly upon the river-bank, and cannot be seen from the boat. The large white building on a hill near the landing is the Riverside Seminary., estab- lished by Philip Rockafellow. A few miles above Germantown is the mouth oi Roeleff Jansen Kill, where the original Livingston Man* or House stood. Robert R. Lith^ /«^j-/<7/?, Chancellor of New York, built an elegant house, a little south of the old one, where his mother continued to reside. Chan- cellor Livingston's active sympathy with the cause of the Republic dur* HUDSON RIVER. 41 Ing the Revolution made him so obnoxious to the British, that when Gen. Vaughan burned Esopus he sent an expedition up the river to burn Claremont — the name of the Livingston estate. They burned both the houses, but new and more elegant ones were at once erected near the ruins, and Claremont is still one of the finest country-seats on the river. Chancellor Living- ston's name will always be associated with that of Robert Fulton. The experiments of the latter in applying the steam-engine as a mo- tive power for boats would prob- ably have been delayed for years had it not been for the generous aid of Chancellor Livingston. After a series of discouraging failures in Paris and New York, their efforts were crowned with success, and in September, 1807, the ^^Claretnont" made her first trip from New York to Albany, bearing Fulton and the Chancellor, as well as a party of in- vited giiests. CATSKILL. Catskill, Greene Co., N. Y. Ill "tiles from New York. %OnB\A— Prospect Park House; Irving House, ' CatsV.ill Landing is at the end of a iong causeway, reaching across the shallows, on the western shore. But little of the town can be seen from the river. Cats Kill enteis the Hudson nexr by, winding through rocky bluffs, with a deep channel, which is navigable for large vessels a mile from its mouth. Travelers intending to visit The Catskill Mountains can reach their destina« tion most easily from this point, as lines of stages run regularly to the Mountain House, 8 miles distant. For a particular description of the mountains see page Hendrick Hudson anchored the Half-Moon at the mouth of Cats Kill, on the 20th of September, 1609, and was visited by large num- bers of friendly Indians, who brought provisions of all sorts, in return foi which, as is stated by Juet, the his- torian of Hudson's voyage, some of them were made drunk. Thomas Cole, one of the pioneers of American Landscape Art, had hia studio in this vicinity, where he could study nature in her most beautiful forms. It was here that he painted the celebrated allegorical series of pictures known as " The Voyage of Life." The country between the river near Catskill and the mountains it very interesting to the geologist, comprising as it does the exposed strata of all the principal rocks ol the so-called New \ork system. « Jl iLiiili f i jii IliiilK mli ^ 05 H ->6t8 '■^ Chuunceij Vibhard'''' '•'■ Daniel Brew.'''' Also by Night Steamers "JV«it Chcmjsion''^ and '■'■Attdtew Marder," every evening, from focc of Franklin Street, Hew York. ^P~ First-class Livery connected with the Hotel. WILL OPEN JUNE I4th. AM^ JOHN BREASTED, Catskill. HUDSON RIVER. 4^1 The Catskill Mountains. Hotels. — Mountain House, Laurel House, Haine^ House. The mountain scenery bordering upon the Hudson is justly celebrated for its diversity and beauty ; nor is this region less interesting to the man of science than to the Jurist in search of the picturesque and beautiful. The mountains of this region all belong to the great Appalachian ranpe, which traverses the eastern portion of the United Slates, from the States bordering on the Gulf of Mexico to the basin of the St. Lawrence Rivei. The chain is made up of a succession of ridges whose prevailing course is parallel with each other and with th.e general coast line of the continent. The general character of the Appalachian range in New York is a gradual change from mountains to hills, which finally sink away in tlie lowlands of the great St Lawrence basin. Three distinct ranges or collections of parallel ridges pass through New York State, from South west to North-east. The first or most easterly of these is the continuation of the great Blue Ridge of Virginia, Maryland, and Penn- sylvania, the main portions of which, passing through the North-western corner of New Jersey, forms the Shawan- gunk Mountain, which, extending between Sullivan and Orange counties, strikes the Hudson in the southern part of Ulster county. South-east of this long ridge a succes- sion of smaller ridges run parallel with it, some of which cross Orange and Rockland into Putnam and Dutchess counties, east of the river. 1'he gap through which the Hudson flows is across these smaller ridges, whose highest summits rise to heights varying from one thousand to seventeen hundred feet above tide-water. The Taconi^ 43 HUDSON RIVER. and Green Mountains of Western Massachusetts and Vtt^ mont are probably prolongations of the Blue Ridge. The second series of these ridges enters the State from Pennsylvania, and extending through SuHivan, Ulster and Greene counties, terminate in the beautiful Catskills, a short distance west of the Hudson. The third series, passing through Broome, Delaware, Otsego, Schoharie, Montgomery and Herkimer counties, reappears beyond the Mohawk, and there constitutes the Adirondac Mountains, among whose summits the Hudson finds its sources. The following sketch of the scenery of the Catskill re- gion is taken by permission from a work entitled The Catskill Mountains, and the Region Around ; their Scenery, Legends, and History. By Rev. Charles Rockwell, Dutch Dominie of the Catskills, etc., etc. New York : Tainior Brothers £r» Co., Publishers, 229 Broadway. 1867. " From the banks of the Hudson, a few miles into the country, may be seen, from different points of view, some of the most charming scenery in the world. Every turn in the road, every bend in the stream, presents new and attractive pictures, remarkable for beauty and diversity in outhne, color, and aerial perspective. The solemn Katz- bergs, sublime in form, and mysterious in their dim, in- comprehensible, and ever-changing aspect, almost always form a prominent feature in the landscape. *' The Indians called these mountains "OntiOra,"or *' Mountains of the Sky ; " for, in some conditions of the atmosphere, they are said to appear like a heavy cumulose I'loud above the horizon. In the midst of this scenery, Cole, the eminent painter, delighted to linger when the thadows of the early morning were projected towards the mountains, then bathed in purple mists ; or at evea'.ng, HUDSON RIVER. 44 rhcn these lofty heights, then uark and awful, cast meii deep shadows over more than half of the country below between their bases and the river. Charmed with Catskill and its vicinity, Cole made it at first a summer retreat, and finally his permanent residence ; and there, in a fine old family mansion, delightfully situated to command a full view of the mountains and the intervening country, his spirit passed from earth ; while a sacred poem, created by his wealthy imagination and deep religious sentiment, was finding expression upon his. easel in a series of fine pic- tures like those of " The Course of Empire " and the "Voyage of Life." He entitled the series ''The Cross and the World." Two of them were unfinished. One had found form in a " study " only, while the other was half finished upon the large canvas, with some figures sketched in white chalk. So they remain, just as the master left them ; and so remains his studio. It is regard- ed by his devoted widow as a place too sacred for the com- mon gaze. The stranger never enters it. The mountains rise abruptly from the plain on their eastern side, where the road that leads to the Mountain House enters them, and follows the margin of a deep, dark glen, through which flows a clear mountain stream, seldom seen by the traveller, but heard continually foi nearly a mile, as in swift rapids or in little cascades it hur- ries to the plain below. The road is winding, and in its ascent along the side of the glen, or, more properly, mag- nificent gorge, it is so inclosed by the towering heights on one side, and the lofty trees that shoot up on the other, ihat little can be seen beyond a few rods except the sky above or glimpses of some distant summit, until the pleas- ant nook in the mountain is reached wherein the Rip Van Winkle cabin is nestled. After that the course of the road is more nearly parallel with the river and the plain, and 45 HUDSON RIVER. through frequeiit vistas glimpses may be caught of th* country below that charm the eye, excite the fancy and imagination, and make the heart throb quicker and stronger with pleasurable emotions. Rip's cabin is a small, white building, with two rooms, where travellers formerly ob- tained refreshments ; and is at the head of the gorge along whose margin the traveller has ascended. It is so called because it stands within the amphitheatre, inclosed by lofty heights, reputed to be the place where -the ghostly ninepin playf?rs held their revel ; and where Rip Van Winkle lay down to his long repose. From a rude spout by the cabin there pour cooling draughts from a mountain spring, more dehcious than ever came from the juice of the grape. There are many dehghtful resting-places upon the road, soon after leaving Rip's cabin, as we toil wearily up the mountain, where the eye takes in a magnificent panorama of hill and valley, forest and river, hamlet and village, and thousands of broad acres, where herds graze and the farmer gathers his crops ; much of it dimly defined because of distance, a beautifully colored map rather than a pi6lure. These delight the eye and quicken the pulse ; but there is one place upon the road where the ascending weary ones enjoy more exquisite pleasure, for a moment, than at any other point in all that mountain region. It is at a turn in the road where the Mountain House stands ; suddenly, before and above the traveller, revealed in perfe6l distindl- ness, column, capital, window, rock, people, — all appar- ently only a few rods distant. There too the road is level, and the traveller rejoices in the assurance that the toilsome journey is at an end, when suddenly, like the young pil- grim in Cole's "Voyage of Life," he finds himself disap- pointed in his course. The road that seemed to be lead- ing diredlly to that beautiful mansion upon the crag jusl THE FAWN'S LEAP. THE LAUREL HOUSE, AT THE CAUTERSBLIIili FAIil^S, flafsliill j|ountai«s, U mile jlest oj J|ouniam lon^ J. IL.. SCHTJTT, Proprietor. The great beauty of this locality is so well known, that a description la unnecessary. To the lovers of quiet, its secluded walks aiferd delightftil twtreats; while the drives in the vicinity — especially through the Cloves— challenge comparison with any similar place in the United States. There ifl also good Trout Fishing in the neighborhood. A wine 50x50 feet has been added to the House recently, greatly ex- tending the accommodations at this popular resort. Carriages and an anthoi-ized Agent will be in attendance at the Cars an* BioaU, Catskill. HUDSON RIVER. 46 above him turns away, like the stream that appeared to b6 taking the ambitious young man dire6lly to the shadowy temple of fame in the clouds ; and many a weary step must be taken over a steep, crooked road before the trav- eller can reach the obje6t of his journey. The grand rock platform on which the Mountain Hous« stands is reached at last, and then comes the full recom- pense for all weariness. Bathed, immersed, in pure mountain air, almost three thousand feet above tide- water, full, positive, enduring rest is given to every mus- cle, after half an hour's respiration of that invigorating atmosphere, and soul and limb are ready for a longer, loftier, and more rugged ascent. There is something in- describable in the pleasure experienced during the first hour passed upon the piazza of the Mountain House, gazing upon the scene towards the east. That view has been described a thousand times. I shall not attempt it. Much rhetoric and rhyme, with sentimental platitudes, have been employed in describing it. The aerial piftures seen from the Mountain House are sometimes marvellous, especially during a shower in the plain, when all is sunshine above, while the lightning plays and the thunder rolls far below those upon the summits ; or after a storm, when mists are driving over the mountains, struggling with the wind and sun, or dis- solving in the pure air. At rare intervals an apparition, like the spectre of the Brocken, may be seen. A late writer, who was there during a summer storm, was fa- vored with the sight. The guests were in the parioi when it was announced that " the house was going past, on the outside." All rushed to the piazza; and there, sure enough, upon a moving cloud more dense than xne fog that enveloped the mountains, was a perfe6l pi(5lttfe of the great building, in colossal proportions. The mJMjs 47 HUDSON RIVER. of vapor was passing slowly from north to south, diredllj in front, at a distance apparently of two hundred feet from the house, and refledled the noble Corinthian columns which ornament the front of the building, every window, and all the speftators. The cloud moved on, and ere ong we saw one pillar disappear, and then another. We, ourselves, who were expanded into giants in size, saw the gulf into which we were to enter and be lost. I almost shuddered when my turn came ; but there was no escap- ing my fate ; one side of my face was veiled, and in a moment the whole had passed Hke a dream. An instant before, and we were the inhabitants of a gorgeous palace ; but it was the "baseless fabric of a vision," and now there was left "not a wreck behind." Although the Mountain House is far below the higher summits of the range, yet portions of four States of the Union and an area of about ten thousand square miles are comprised in the scope of vision from its piazza. From the top of the South Mountain, near and three hundred feet above the Mountain House, and of the North Mountain more distant and higher, a greater range of sight may be obtained, including part of a fifth State. The lakes, lying in a basin a short distance from the Mountain House, with all their grand surroundings, the house itself, the South Mountain, and the Roundtop or Liberty Cap, form the middle ground ; while in the dim distance the winding Hudson, with Esopus, Shawangunk, and the Highland ranges are revealed, the borders of rivers dotted with villas and towns, appearing mere white specks on the landscape. Two miles and a half from the Mountain House is an immense gorge scooped from the rugged hills, into which pours the gentle outlet of the Cauterskill Lakes, in a Call, first of one hundred and seventy-five feet, and close HUDSON RIVER. to it another of eighty feet. If the visitor would enjoy one of the wildest and most romantic rambles in the jvorld, let him follow that little stream in its way off the mountains, down the deep, dark, mysterious gorge, until It jo ns the Cauterskill proper, that rushes through the Clove from the neighborhood of Hunter, among the hills ibove, and thence onward to the plain. The tourist, if he fails to traverse the rugged gorge, should not omit a ride from the Mountain House, down through the Clove, to Palensville and the plain, a distance of eight miles. After leaving the falls and reaching the Clove, down, down, sometimes with only a narrow space between the base of a high mountain on one side and steep precipices on the other, whose feet are washed by the rushing Caut- erskill, our crooked road pursued its way, now passing a log house, now a pleasant cottage, and at length the ruins of a leather-manufa6luring village, deserted because the bark upon the hills around, used for tanning, is exhausted. Near this pi6luresque scene the Cauterskill leaps into a seething gulf between the cleft rocks and flows gently on, to make still greater plunges into darker depths a short distance below. This cleft is called the " Fawn's Leap," a young deer having there escaped a hunter and his dog, that pursued to the verge of the chasm. The fawn leaped 't ; but the dog, attempting to follow, feh into the gulf below and was drowned. The foiled hunter went home without dog or game. By some, less poetical than others, the place is called the " Dog Hole." A few rods below the Fawn's Leap the road crosses a rustic bridge, at the foot of a sheer precipice, and for half a mile traverses a shelf cut from the mountain side, two hundred feet above the stream that has found its way into depths so dark as to be hardly visible. Upon tlie opposite side of the creek, a perpendicular wall rises many hundred feet; and then, in 49 HUDSON RIVER. Bl!g!:it inclination, the mountain towers up at least a thoC' sand feet higher, and forms a portion of the range known as the South Mountain. At the mouth of this cavernous gorge lies the pretty little village of Palensville, where we again cross the stream, and in a few moments find our- selves upon a beautiful and highly cultivated plajn. From this point, along the base of the mountains to the road by which we enter them, or more directly to Catskill, the. drive is a delightful one. Del^v^ist Hotjse, AZBANT, N. T. CHARLES E. LELAND & CO., Proprietors. fHIS HOTEL WAS BUILT IN 1871, AND IS SITUATED ON THH MAIN STREET, And in the centre of the village. IT IS FITTED UP WITH NEW FURNITURB And aU the Modern Conveniences of First-class Hotels, A.Qd the Proprietor assures the Public that no efforts on his part wiil ba ipved to make his guests comfortable. OOAOHES TO THE MOUNTAIN HOUSE And all other STAGE LINES RUNNING FROM CATSKILI* Stop for passengers at this House. An OMNIBUS runs to and from the Hotel on arrival of Tra«M and BteunlMotM H. A. PERSON. Propnetor, 50 HUDSON RIVER. HUDSON. Hudson, Columbia County, N. V. 115 tniles frotn Ne^v York. Hotels — Worth House, Mansion House. The I'ity of Hudson is the capi- tal of Columbia County, and occu- pies a site of great beauty, being built npon a promontory jutting into the Hudson River, and com- manding the most extensive and charming views in every direction. The city extends up the slope of Prospect Hill, which rises to a height of 200 feet. The elevation just below Hudson Landing is Mount Merino. It is cultivated over almost its whole surface of 600 acres. Hudson, being at the head of ship navigation, was of great importance in the early com- merce of the river, and it rapidly grew to be a place of considerable size and wealth. The Claverack Creek, a romantic stream, is a lit- tle east of Hudson, and running northward, joins other streams, forming Coluvibiaville Creek. The Htcdson and Boston Rail- way has its western terminus here, and connects at Chatham with the Boston and Albany and Harlem Railways. ATHENS. Athens, Greene County, N. Y. 116 miles from Ne7v York. This village, directly opposite IJudsoQj was originally fixed upim as the eastern terminus of the RrU Canal, but the project was aban- doned. The inhabitants are largely engaged in ship-building and brick- making. A branch of the Nezo York Central Railway connects Athens with Schenectady, and has added much to its prosperity. Above Athens and Hudson, on the east side of the river, is Rogerf Island, behind which the shipping of New York merchants was con- cealed during the Revolutionary War. At that time the island was densely wooded, and formed an ef- fectual screen. The ill-fated steamer Swallr, Ifotre Dame imvl St, Helen Sts, N.B. — Our Cutter and Manager in the Dressmaking Department, was formerly in a leading house iu New York. Pai\lor Boot and Shoe Store, JVb. 375 Jfotre Dame Street, IflONTRBAIi, IMPORrERS OF FRENCH AND AMERICAN FINE BOOTS AND SHOES, FOR LADIES, MISSES, AND CHILDREN ONLY. A. PER,R.Y Jr. [LATE OF BURT'S, BROOKLYN] P. S.— The proprietor (late with Bttkt's Fine Shoe House in Nirvr Yobk woA Bbooxlyk) is well up in the wants of a Fine Shoe Business, and respectfully liolicit a call. This Store is one of the most comfortable establishments in MontredL American ladies will find such goods as will be found in only one place outside of Montreal, and that is Paris I CENTRAL STOHAGE WAHEHOUSE, 109, 111, 113 & 115 EAST 44th STREET, NEW YORK, EAST OF THE GRAND CENTUAL DEPOT. Lar(?e, elegant, very desirable and perfect Warehouses for the Storage and Safe- keeping of Furniture, Articles of Value, Works of Art, Baggage, Merchandise, &c., at the most reasonable rates. The Warehouses, being in the immediate vicinity of "The Grand Central Depot," are convenient for parties out of town, and goods or baggage can be consigned direct to our Warehouses, or we \vill take charge of them at the depot on receivingf letters of instruction, &c. Goods, packages, &,c., taken charge of at the Port of New York, and forwarded upon receipt of Bills of Lading, Invoices, Letters of Instruction, <&tc., to any place in this Country or Europe as directed. Charges for Freight, Insurance, Aic, ad- vanced. Warehouse receipts given on receipt of goods, and delivered to persong authorized to receive them. A large Carriage Elevator conveys carriages and loaded trucks to upper floors of building without unloading. Watchmen at all times on the premises. Goods taken on Storage day or night. Ladies and Gentlemen are invited to call and exam- ine our Warehouses before making arrangements for Storage elsewhere. CORNELIUS O'REILLY & BROS., Proprietors and Owners of Buildings. THE Highlands of the Hudson BY DAYLIG^HT. THE STEAMER MARY POWELL LEAVES NEW YORK DAILY (SUNDAYS excepted). LEAVES GOING SOUTH. LEAVES GOING NORTH. Jtondout 5.30 PougJiJceepsie 6.00 Milton 6.45 Neiv TTnmburgJi \ ~ qq and Marlboro f ) Hfetvburgh 7.30 Corntvall 7.45 West Point 8.05 Cozzenn' 8.10 Arrives in New York at 10.45 New YorJc, from Vestry p.m. St., Pier 39, at 3.30 Cozzens' 6.00 West Point. 6.10 Cornwall 6.30 Newburgh 6.45 New Hamburgh ) 7 IS and Marlboro, f ** Milton 7.30 PougWkeepsie 7.45 Arrives" at Pdjindout 8.3C CONNECTS WITH EVENING TRAIN ON HUDSON RIVER R.R. AT POUGHKEEPSIE FOR THE NORTH. Low Rate Excursion Tickets to Lake Mohunk via Wall* kill Valley R.R., and Tickets to all points on Ulster and Delaware Railroad. TROY HOUSE TROY, N, Y. This house has recently been REFITTED and REFURNISHED In the most thorough manner, making it 0/\/E OF THE FINEST HOTELS IN THE COUNTRY, And greatly superior to any in the City of Troy. I confidently assure my friends and the public that they will meet with every COMFORT, LUXURY, AND DESIRABLE CONVENIENCE At the Troy House, and will find the prices no higher than at any other flrHt-class Hotel. Gentlemen with their families, and others, will find the Troy House all £iAt is desired. Coaches will be in attendance to convey guests to and from the House. J. W. STEARNS, Pioprietor, Late of Mansion House BALLSTON SPA ARTESIAN LITHIA SPRING The water of this remarkable Spring is shown by analysis to be twice as rich ib valuable Itemtidial Agents as any other water lound in Saratoga County, and to surpass in excellence all the Waters found in other parts of the United States. Flowing from a depth of six hundred and fifty feet, through a tube bored into the •olid rock, it is not dUuted or contaminated by surface water, as is generally the case with shallow springs. Its medical properties partake of the most celebrated Springs of the world, and in fact combine the ingredients of all the principal ones in Europe and America. It is very strongly impregnated with that valuable mineral, Lithia, which is ao tffectual in dissolving the Chalk, or Limestone and Urate deposits in Rheuma- tism, Gout, and Qkavei,, and has been successf uily used by hundreds in these diseases, with quick and telling effect; as also in Kidney Disease, Lives Com- plaint, Catarrh, Dyspepsia, Biliousness, Acidity of the Stomach, Consti- pation and Piles, and has proved itself a perfect panacea for these difficulties. The large quantities of Lithia, Bx'omine, and Iodine which it contains, specially recommend it to the attention of every Physician. ANALYSIS BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER, Ph.D. Chloride of Sodium 750.030 gr. Chloride of Potassium.... 33.276 " Bromide of Sodium 3.643 " Iodide of Sodium 0.124 " Fluoride of Calcium trace. Bicarbonate of Lithia ... . 7.750 " Bicarbonate of Soda 11.928 " Bicarbonate of Magnesia.. 18(i.602 " Bicarbonate of Lime 238.156 " Bicarbonate of Strontia.. 0.867 " Bicarbonate of Baryta .... 3. 881 " Bicarbonate of Iron 1.581 " School of Mines, Columbia College. Sulphate of Pota?sa 0.520 gr. Phosphate of Soda 0.050 " Bi borate of Soda trace. Alumina 0.077 *• Silica 0.761 »» Organic Matter trace. Total per gal. (231 cub. in). 1233.246 Carbonic Acid Gas 426.114 cub. in. Density 1.0159 " Temperature 52 deg. F. JV. Y. April 21, 1868. For the benefit of those who are not acquainted "vith the richness of the dLffei> ent Springs, we give a Statement of the quantity of mineral matter contained in one gallon of Water of the Springs which claim to be the most effective in disease ;— Ballston Artesian Litbia Spring 1233,245 gr. Congress Spring 567 .943 " Empire Spring 490.352 " High Rock Spring 628.038 " Star Spring 615.685 gr. Seltzer Spring 401. OSO " Excelsior 514.746 " Gettysburgh Katalysine.. 266.93C •• The Water is carefully and securely bottled, and packed in boxes of four-doata Pints, and will bear transportation to any part of the world. To prevent imposition, the corks are marked thus: Artesian Spring Co., Ballstou, N. Y. Address ARTESIAN LITHIA SPRING CO.. Ballston Spa., N. "Yi ITHACA HOTEIj. ITHACA, N. Y. A. SHERMAN & SON, Proprietors. The above new Hotel was completed and opened for the recep- tion of guests on the 30th of September, 1872. It is centrally located for business, and convenient to Cornell UuivERSiTY, The Gorge, and other places of interest in and around Ithaca. This house has been furnished throughout with new and costly furniture, and is provided with every modem improvement found in any First-class Hotel in the country. Its rooms are large and air\', and great care has been taken in its construction to se- eure perfect ventilation. The table is constantly supplied with the luxuries of home and foreign markets, the assistants competent and attentive ; and the proprietors pledge themselves that no pains or expense shall be spared to make the stay of the guests of the Ithaca Hotel pleasant and agreeable. IME CHAMPUIII AHD LAKE GEORGE STEAMERS. Pleasure Season of 1S76. LAKE CHAMPLAIN STEAMERS. VERMONT, - - - - Capt. Rushlow. ADIRONDACK, - - - Capt. Anderson. Forming a daily line each way between Fort Ticonderoga and Plattsburgh, leaving Plattsburgh every morning at 7.30, touching at all ports on the Lake, arriving at Fort Ticonderoga 12.00 noon. Leave Fort Ticonderoga 12.30 P.M., arriving at Plattsburgh 6.45 P.M. Direct railroad connections at each end of the route. LAKE GEORGE STEAMERS. MINNEHAHA, - - - - Capt Russell. GANOUSKIE, - - - Capt. Hnlett. Leaving Caldwell every morning at 8 o'clock, making the asual landings, arrive at Baldwin Station 11.30 A. M., connect- ing direct with Lake Charaplain Steamers as above. Leave Baldwin Station 1.00 P.M., on arrival of train from Lake Champlain, arrives at Caldwell 5 P.M. Through Tickets ou sale at all Excursions Offices in New York, Philidclphia, Boston, &c. , &c. Ask for Tickets via Lake Champlain and Lake George. P. W. BARNEY, SuPT., DBvirliiigton, "Vt Clarendon House. CLARENDON SPRINGS, VT. B. MURRAY & SONS, - - - - Proprietors. Open from middle of May to October. T E: 11 iVJ H : Board, per Week, $10,00 to $12.00 Children under Twelve, going to first table, - - S.OO »£• 6.00 Servants, ^00 & 6.00 Day Board, ------- - - - ti.50 ([[^^Carriages atWest Rutland to meet all regular Railroad Trains. Telegraph communication, Livery and Boarding Stables connected with the House, Warm and Cold Baths. Cool nights, and no mosquitoes. Music, Billiards, Bowling, etc. Pleasant drives and beautiful scenery in every direction. References, if desired, in all principal cities. Send for Pamphlet with description. CLARENDON SPRINGS. Discovered in the Historic Year 1776, are Unequaled for Curing all Itnpurities of the Rlood, Liver Complaint, Dyspepsia, Dropsy, and for Restor- ing Appetite and Jfhysical Strength, This water has no sediment, is delicious to drink, health- giving, and in bathing acts like a charm on the skin. Children come to us with pale faces and leave with ruddy cheeks. -A. 3sr .A. li IT s I s : One gallon, or 335 inches of water contains : Carbonic Acid Gas - . . 4fi.l6 cubic inch. Nitrogen Gas 9.63 " " Carbonate of Lime 3.02 grains. Muriate of Lime, Sulphate of Soda, and Sulphate of Magnesia. 2.74 " One hundred cubic inches of the gas which was evolved from the water consist of — Carbonic A cid Gas 0.05 cubic inch. Oxygen Acid Gas 1.50 " " Nitrogen Acid Gas 98.45 " " Dr. Augustus A. Hayes, State Assayer for Massachusetts, says : "It is a remarkable water, containing nitrogen dissolved.** THE- EQUINOX HOUSE (FOOT OP MT. EQUINOX), Open from June to October, Address, by Mail or Telegraph, F. H.ORVIS. Manchester, the leading summer resort of the Green Mountains, is two hun- dred miles noi-»h of New York, fifty miles north of Troy, and thirty miles south of Rutland, on the Harlem Extension Division of the Central Vermont Railroad. It has about three miles of white marble sidewalks, finely shaded with elm and maple trees, and is the most charming summer resort in New England. The trip to the top of Mt. Equinox should be taken by every visitor. An ex- tended and magnificent view is obtained from the Summit House. The road la In fine order, and four-horse mountain wagons run to the top in two hours. Manchester can be reached fi-om New York during the summer in six and a half hours by Hudson River Railroad, via Troy. Dra wing-Room Cars through without chanere. Hudson River Night Steamers connect at Troy with 8:30 A.M. Train, reach- ing Manchester at 10:55 A.M. New York Morning Papers reach Manchester 10:55 A.M. Centi-al Vermont Railroad Day Express brings Passengers from Montreal, Highgate Springs, St. Albans, Burlington, Stowe, &c., to Manchester dii-ect. Drawing-Room Cars through. From Saratoga, Trains going North connect at Rutland for Manchester; Trains going South connect at Troy for Manchester. THE i*TJTISr^]M HOUSE, Open from JVorember to May, Address, by Mail or Telegraph, F, H, ORVIS. Palatka is situated on the west bank of the St. John's River, seventy miles Bouth of Jacksonville. It is at the head of Navigation for ocean steamers, and at the mouth of the celebrated Oclawaha River. Hart's famous orange grove is immediately across the St. John's River, opposite the town. Florida tourists should visit Palatka and make the trip up the romantic Oclawaha to the wonderful Silver Spring. Palatka can be reached by steamers daily from Jacksonville, and by the steamers Dictator and City Point from Charleston and Savannah, which run in connection with steamers from New York, and lines of Railroad from the North. OOZZENS' HOTBlt.— Cozzenii' Landing, West Prnnt, N,T, GooDSELL Brothers, Proj)rietors. This elegant and favorite summer resort stands on a commanding eminence on the west side of the Hudson, 250 feet above the river, and about one mile and a half south of the Militarj- Academy ot West Point. It commands oue of the finest views on tl^a Hudson, embracing the very heart of the Highlands, and the ^vildest and most picturesque scenery on this famous river. Its location is remarkably healthful ; no cases of sickness having originated at this resort in twenty-five years. West Point was selected as the site of the Mili- tary Academy partly because of the healthfulness of the locality. Its location is particularly convenient for New York families, as It Is but fifty miles distant, and gentlemen are enabled to visit New York daily, returning to Cozzens' at night if they desire. Among the many places of interest around Cozzens' are the U. S. Military Academy, where daily military exercises of interest occur, old Fort Putnam, Beverly Dock, Robinson House, Buttermilk Falls, etc. The drives among the historic Highlands are celebrated for their enchant- ing beauty, and one or two, including the five-mile drive to Crystal Lake, have recently been laid out. Distinguished visi^.ors, includ- ing our national officials and celebrities, annually visit W est Point Academy during the examinations, which begin on the 1st of June. The hotel is bmlt of brick, and is so constructed that all its rooms command delightful views of the river and mountain scenery. It will accommodate about 400 guests, who are the most refined and re- spected classes of our metropolitan society. The house is kept in a style to suit such patronage, and Cozzens' Hotel stands unrivaled among our summer resorts in its quiet elegance and comfort. The table is not surpassed by any hotel in America in luxuries or style, and excellent music daily enlivens the enjoyments of this elegant and unexceptional resort. It can be reached by the Hudson River Railway to Garrison's Station, whence a steam-ferry conveys passengers to Cozzens' Dock ; or by Day Line Steamers to West Point, with omnibus to Cozzens' Hotel, or the Mary Powell and Jas. W, Baldwin to Cozzens'. Carriages await at Cozzens' Dock and West Point the arrival of all boats and trains. Daily excursions may be made from New York, stopping for dinner and spending three or four hours at the hotel, retiirning to the city the same day. Passengers should not mistake the West Point or Government Hotel for Cozzens', but drive to Cozzens' Hotel, kept by GoodseU Bro». PALISADE MOUITAm HOUSE, One of the finest summer hotels in the world, is situated on the Lj'decker Point of the Palisades of the Hudson River, at Eng-le- wood, N. J. , opposite Spuyten Duyvil. It is reached by Northern R. K. of N. J. of W. 23d St. , or Chambers St. , or Steamboats Adelphi and Alexis from foot of Harrison Street, New York. The situation i.s 1 he most beautiful of any suburban hotel around New York Citj'. The Palisades are four hundred feet or over above the level of the Ocean, and on one of their highest and most prominent out- looks stands the Mountain House. At its foot the Hudson washes the base of the cliffs on which it is built. To the north, bold sweeps of coast, marked with woody headlands and capped with a luxuriant forest, stretch away into the dim distance Southerly, the spires of the city, the green hills of Staten Island, and the gleam of the Narrows fill the horizon ; in front, a superb expanse of hill and dale, river, bay, and Sound spreads itself for miles and miles to the east ; while from the upper windows the western view embraces all that beautiful country between the valley of the Overpeck and the Orange Mountains. The air is exceedingly clear and salubrious, and has proved extremely beneficial to invalids and children of delicate constitutions. The hotel is supplied with water from a clear, cool, and delicious spring in the forest, a mile to the westward. The pleasant and various ways of access make it a most desirable summer resort, particularly for gentlemen doing business in the city. The drives are exceeding beautiful, and ex- tend for miles along the Hudson, affording entrancing views of the noble river and charming villas along its banks. The house can accommodate about five hundred guests. The rooms are laro-e, en suite, completely, richly, and tastefully furnished. The proprietor, Mr. D. S. Hammond, thoroughly understands his busi- ness, and nothing is left undone that could please the most exact- ing guest. The cuisine of the house is equal to any in the country. The grounds about the house are picturesque, the walks charming, and the river convenient for yachting and boating. Gas, hob and cold water, and new bath houses are provided, by whiih all the ad- vantages of the salt water are made available. An excellent bill ard-room and bowling-alley, a fine band of music, and a well- managed livery stable provide every comfort and recreation that could be expected. The fact that the first guests of the Mountain House continue to be its steadfast patrons, year after year, speaks for its special merits and hecilthfulness more plainly than many words. Among the attractions of Englewood, particularly for families, is the fine Collegiate Institute of the Rev. T. G-. Wall, for young ladies and children, and the Englewood Classical and Mathematical School fur boys. - a H;=|iiiiiiii||,,,^ ^^^^^ I ijliiiiR^ 11 .i u '-^^^'rktiM^^^li^:it\'m^MvMiM ,1j:i IlIlM iiJiiiilliiiiiilsiiill'Vi ARLINGTON HOTEL, *^ Ifiiililill i|iiiiiiS [•i^-.iruiiifiiiiiiii S''*iil5«iS£BiK^!sL-' At WASHING-TON, D. C. T. ROESSLE & SON, Propri-etors. The Arlington Hotel is well worthy of the first-class patronage which it receives. It is situated on the corner of 15th and H streets, in one of the most interesting portions of the city. The southern wing fronts the beautiful Lafayette Park, in which is the celebrated bronze equestrian statue of Jackson, and opposite which are the " White House," U. S. Treasury Building, and the U. S. War and Navy Depart- ments. The residence of the Secretary of State is a few rods to the north of the hotel — and all the public buildings are within easy distance. The hotel is five stories high, with brown stone front, and is furnished in elegant style, and supplied with a fine passenger elevator — closets on all the floors, signal bells, etc. The dining hall is one of the handsomest and most pleasantly situated in Washington. A large number of the rooms are arranged in suites, with all the conveniences for family use. The proprietors of the Arlington, also conduct the magnificent Fort William Henry Hotel at Lake Oeorgp^ the finest summer resort in America. To the patrons of the Fort William Henry we need only say that what it is in the summer resort world the Arlington is among the hotels of the Capital. ii AMERICAN." BOSTON, The Largest First-Class Hotel IN NEW ENGLAND. Prices Eeduced to $3, ^3.50, and $4 per day, according to location of room. CONVENIENTLY LOCATED FOR PLEASURE OR BUSINESS. a o 2sr T -A. I IT s PASSENGER ELEVATOR, SUITS AND SINGLE APARTMENTS, WITH BATH ROOMS and CLOSETS ADJOLNIXG. Noted throughout tho country for its cleanliness and comfort. BILLIARD HALLS, TELEGRAPH OFFICE and CAFt. LEWIS EIOE & SON. HAYNES'S HOTEI., Springfield, l^Iass. POPULAR PRICES— 1876 : CHARGES ACCORDING TO ROOMS. The largest first-class house in the city. Special accommodations for families and large parties. Location unsurpassed. Six blocks down town from the Rail- road Station ; directly in the center of the city. Free from all noise, Fmoke and confusion of trains. Recently enlarged and greatly inipioved. making it the most complete Hotel Establishment in Western Massachusetts. The best rooms, best table, best service in the city. Po^t Offi(;ft and Telegraph Office in the Ro- tunda. Porters. Biiegage Wagons nnd Free Carriige to all trains. THE MOST PERFECT PASSENGER ELEVATOR IN. THE WORLD. " BRIGHT'S DISEASE, Diabetes, Dropsy, Catarrh, Calculus, G-ravel, G-out, Rheumatism, Dyspepsia, DISEASES OF THE HEART, BLOOD, LIVER, KIDNEYS, BLADDER, PROSTATE GLAND, PREMATURE DEBILITY, CHRONIC AND FEMALE DISEASES HITHERTO IN- CURABLE. PAMPHLETS EX- PLAINING THEIR SUCCESS- FUL TREATMENT BY ASAHEL, MADE OF GOD, World Peerless Mineral Spring Water, ■] — AND— DR. A. HAWLEY HEATH. AUTHOR AJSTD PROPRIETOR, FREE. Depot and Eeception Eooms, No. 200 Broadway, New York; Reduced to Ttcenty-Fwe Cents a Oallon po- Barrel. ALBANY AND NEW YORK r>A. Y LINE On the Hudson River, Summer Arrangement for Pleasure Travel. THE STEAMBOATS C. VIBBARD AND DANIEL DREW LEAVE NEW YORK DAILY (SUNDAYS excepted). G-oxi>ro- 2sroK.Tii, GrOXHTO- SOTJTH. JVA'IT YOMK: a.m. Vestry Street 8.10 W. 24th Street 8.30 West roint 11.15 Neteburgh 11.50 P.M. Poiighkeepsie , 12.40 Ithinebeck , 1.35 Catskill 2.55 Htidson 3.15 ALBANY. 5.40 A.M. AZJiANT. 8.30 Hudson 10. 40 Catskill 11. OO P.M. Bhinebeck 12.20 foughkeepsie 1.15 Neivburgh 2 lO West foint 2.40 ^S^»?Xh' ''-"-••■■ -^-"^ NEW YORK: W. 24th Street 5.30 Vestry Street 5..'iO CONNECTING AT ALBANY WITH ALL POINTS NORTH AND WEST. ^W TRIP TICKETS from New York to West Point and New- burgh, returning same day, $1.00. TICKETS or COUPONS good on Hudson River Railroad are received on board for passage. MEALS CAN BE HAD ON THE BOATS. Leave Albany at 8:30 A.M. on arrival of Chicago Express, on the Ne^v York Central Railroad. ISAAC L WELSH, G. T. A., New York. DRS. STRONG'S REMEDIAL INSTITUTE, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y., Is open all the year, and is also a Summer Resort during the Visiting Season. The Institute has recently been doubled in size to meet the necessities of its increased patronage. It is now the largest health institution in Saratoga, and is unsurpassed in the variety of its remedial appliances by any in this country. In the elegance and completeness of its appointments it is uni qualed. The l.uikling is heated by steatn. so that in the coldest weather the air of the house is like that of midsummer. The proprietors, Dbs. S. S. & S. E. STRONG, are Graduates of the Jledical Department of the New York University, and are largely jmtron zed bv the medical ))rofession. In addition to the ordinary remedial ng< nesl>rosses Street, AT SIX O'CLOCK, P. M. Connecting with trains of New York Central, Albany and Susquehanna, Rensselaer and Saratoga, and Boston and Albany Railroads. Tickets can be had at the Office on the "Wharf, to all points West and North — Adirondacks, White Mountains, via Lake Georgre and L. Champlain, &c., &c. Also at Dodd's Express Office, 944 Broadway, and No. 4 Court Street, Brooklyn, and Bapgage checked to destination. Telegraph Office on the Wharf. Passeneers leaving Washington at 8 A.M., Baltimoee at 9:25 A.M., Philadei.- PHiA at 1:30 P.M., arrive at New York at 5:15 P.M.— in time to connect as above. MEALS ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN. ALBANY TO NEW YOflK. STEAMERS : ST . JOHN, Capt. T. D. Christopher, TUESDAY, THURSDAY, SATURDAY. D R F \%' , Capt. S, J. Eoe, MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, FRIDAY. From STEAMBOAT LANDING, on aiTival of trains of New York Central, Albany & Susquehanna, Rensselaer & Saratoga, and Boston & Albany Railroads. Arriving in New York in time to connect with trains South and East. Cars of Rens, & Sar. R. R. take passengers to Boats. Tickets to Newark, New Brunswick, Trenton, Burlington, Philadelphia, Wilming- ton, Baltimore, and Washington City for sale on the Boats, and Baggage checked to destination. For delivery of baggage, apply to Baggage Masters on Boats. Hudson River ILB. Tickets taken for passage, including State-Room Berth. Rooms heated by Steam during cool months. JOHN C. HEWITT, G. T. Agent. THE Congress and Empire Spring Wafers of Saratoga, KAJ& THE BEST OF ALL THE SARATOGA WATERS FOR THE USE OB PERSONS OF CONSTIPATED HABIT. T!!.ej act promptly and pleasantly, without producing debility, and their effect Ib not weakened by continued use, as is the case with ordinary cathartics. At the Mtne time they are not too cathartic — a fault loith some of our moRt drast-.c m(n4- ral waters — but sufficiently so for daily and healthful use, and not strong enough to produce reaction. Their continued use keeps the blood in a very pure and healthful condition, producing a clear florid complexion. They preserve the tone of the stomach, anl ve powerful preventives of fever and bilious complaints. THE COLUMBIAN SPRING WATER lb universally acknowledged to be the best Chalybeate Water known. Where the blood -equires /rore, this water supplies it in the best possible form for use. The assimilation is perfect. A gi'aiti of iron in this water is, in the opinion of a cele- brated physician, '■'■ more potent than twenty grains exhibited according to the Pharmacopoeia.'''' These waters, being purely natural, are highly recommended, and very fre- quently prescribed by the best medical authorities, many of whom, however, have expressed their condemnation in strong terms of the use of artificial mineral waters. Every genuine bottle of Congress Water has a large *' C " raised on the glaes. FOR SALE BY DRUGGISTS and HOTELS THROUGHOUT the COUNTRY, None Genuine Sold on Draught. Al our General Mineral Water Depot, In New York, all varieties of Natuial Waters for sale at proprietors' prices, delivered and shipped in New York, Brook- lyn, and Jersey City, free of charge. Orders by n;.ail will receive prompt attention. Empties taken back and allowed tor «t liberal prices. Address, CONGRESS AND EMPIRE SPRING CO., 94 Chambers Street, New York City, Or, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. T. ^Slf In connection with a recent analysis of Congress Water, Prof. Chandler sayi ; " Ab a Cathartic water, its almost entire freedom from iron should recommecvf K Rbove all others, many of which contain bo much of this ingredient as to ffdcualj koiwix their useialuess." FALL RIVER LINE Between New York and Boston VIA. ]VJE-WI»OIlT ATVO F^LI^ K-IVEH. STEAMERS LEAVE NEW YORK AT 5n fJi Daily (Sundays, June nth to Sept. loth, inclusive,) I . Ill . from Pier 28, N.R., ft. of Murray St.; 4 P.M. in winter. THE WORLD-RENOWNED STEAMERS BRISTOL, PROVIDENCE, COMMANDER, A. G. SIMMONS. COMMANDER, B. M. SIMMONS. Trains leave Boston from the Old Colony R.R. Depot, corner South and Kne-^land Sts., at 4:30 and 6 P. M., (and Sundays, June nth to Sept. loth, inclusive, at 7 P. M.,) connecting with these magnificent Steamers at Fall River. Steamers leave Ne^A^po^t at 8:30 P. M. The Very Best Route to and from New York, Boston, Taamton, New Bedford, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Cape Cod, the White Mountains, and all points East, South, and West. The Management having in view the ENTERTAINMENT as well as the COMFORT AND SAFETY of their patrons, have at great expense engaged, for the season of pleasure travel. Hall's Celebrated Reed, String and Brass Bands, which will entertain passengers every evening with a G11ANI> mOMENAVJE CONCERT. FOR TICKETS AND STATEROOMS in New York, apply at 529 Broadway; Broadway, cor. 23d St.; Dodd's Express Office, 944 Broadway ; and 4 Court St., Brooklyn, at all principal Hotels and Ticket Offices, at the Office on the I'ier, and on board of Steamers. In Boston, at No 3 Old State House and at Old Colony R.R. Depot. Tlirough Tickets sold by all the principal Railroads East, South and West. Baggage checked to destination. THE ONLY DIRECT LINE TO AND PEOM NEWPORT. l^~ Ask for Tickets via Fall Rivtr Line. J. R. KENDRICK. Sup't, BORDEN ^ LOVELL, Agents, 0. C. n.n., Lu^ton, O. C. S. B. Co., New Turk. GEO. L CONNOR. Gen'i Pass'r Asjt, 0. C. S. B. Co., New York. THE " BRUNSWTICK/'' Boylston Street^ cor, of Clarendon^ Boston, Mcus. A new strictly first-class Hotel. Conveniently located in the most fashionaLI-e part of the city. Fire-proof — all modem improvements, J, W. WOLCOTT, Proprietor. WESTMINSTEI^ HOTEL, Sixteenth Street and Irving Place, New York City. Centrally located. Affords accommodations of peculiar ex- ceUence. European Plan. CHAS. B. FERRIN, Prop'r. Best Religious Weekly Newspaper Published, 1826. ESTABLISHED FIFTY YEARS. 1876. THE CHRISTIAN ADVOCATE. THE METROPOLITAN NEWSPAPEE of the M. E. OHUEOH, C. H. FOWLER, D.D., LL.D., Editor, w. H. DePUY, D.D., Assistant Editor. The LEADING OFFICIAL CHURCH PAPER, whose name heads this pag-e, is-justly acknowledged to be the ablest and best religious weekly in the country, and now in its fiftieth year is still rapidly g-aining in popularity, not alone in the families of the church whose interests it represents, but among the membership of sister denominations. Notwithstanding the great competition on every side, its patronage is increasing at home, and extends into every Christian country. It is not only the oldest and most widely circulated weekly Methodist journal in the world, but also has the largest subscription-list of any one of the great denomi- national weeklies. (CIRCULATION 50,000 COPIES WEEKLY.) A large number of leading banking, mercantile, manufactur- ing, and publishing houses in the principal cities have been steady patrons of its advertising columns, and recommend it highly as a first-class medium of communication between the better class of buyers and sellers, and prove their faith in it by their constant patronage. A specimen copy of tlie Advocate, with the rates of advertising, will be sent free to any address on application to NELSON &L PHILLIPS, Publishers, 805 B'way, New York. BAKATOaA OEYSER SPRINGS. Ci3 s f^ J>2 00 >• 30 >• — I o o 3> This wonderful mineral fountain was discovered in Februarj-, 1870. It ii located on the Ballaton avenue, one and a half miles south of principal hotels, at Saratoga Springs. The water vein was struck by the drill in the bu'd's-eye lime- atone one hundred and thirty-two feet beneath the surface rock. The orifice, bored in the rock, is five and a half inches in diameter, and 132 feet deep, and is tubed with a block-tin pipe, encased with iron, to the depth of eighty-five feet. Analysis of one U. S. Gallon by Professor C. F. Chandler, Ph.D., of Columbia College School of Mines : Chloride of Sodium. . . . 562.080 grains. Chloride of Potassium. 24.634 " Bromide of Sodium. . . . 2.212 " Iodide of Sodium 0.248 " Fluoride of Calcium. . . trace. Bicarbonate of Llthia. . 9.004 " Bicarbonate of Soda. . . 71.232 " Bicarb, of Magnesia.. .149.34^3 " Bicarbonate of Lime ..168.392 " Bicarbonate of Strontia 0.425 " Bicarbonate of Baryta. 2.014 grains. Bicarjponate of Iron.... 0.979 " Sulphate of Potassa. . . . 0.818 " Phosphate of Soda.... trace. BiboraLe of Soda trace. Akimina trace. Silica 0.665 " Organic matter trace. Total solid contents. . . . 991 .546 " Carbonic Acid Gas in 1 U. S. Gal 454.082 cub. in. Density l.Oll Temperature 46° Fah. It will be observed that the water is strongly charged with valuable medici- nal, mineral and gaseous proper -ies, and the preponderance of Gas enables the water to hold its heavy and valuable mineral elements in perfect solution, whereby the water is bottled in perfect purity, and may be preserved for ages and in any climate. The fact that the Spring is located 132 feet beneath a solid rock renders it free from all impiirities from surface wash or drainage. The water never varies in flavor, nor are its properties subjected to change by the dilution of fresh water or the mingling of foreign substances during the wet seasons of the year. As a medicinal agency it.« effects are marvelous, especially in cutaneoiia diseaaes or any of the various phases of Scrofula, also in Kidney Disease, Liver Complaint, Dyspepsia, Biliousness, Hkeumatism, Acidity of Stomach, Constijja- tion, and Piles. G-eyser Water is a powerful cathartic, while at the same time, by proper use, its minerals may be retained to operate as a tonic and builder tip of an en- feebled system. Geyser Water operates with excellent effect upon the Kidneys, The lithia found in it is a specific for gravel or stone, and is effectual in dis- Bolving the chalk or limestone and urate deposit? in Rheumatism and Gout. As an Aperient or Cathartic the water should be taken ^n the morning. It is sold iu cases of four dozen Pints, two dozen Pints, or two dozen Quarts, nnd in Block Tin-Lined Bai*rels containing 30 gallons, for draught by druggists. The Spring property is not managed by a Stock Company, and for the pur- poses of business the proprietor has adopted only the name " Geyser Spring." Address GEYSER SPRING, Jacob M. Adams, Prop'r. Saratoga Springs, N. Y United States Ink Man'fg Co. BLAOK WATER-PEOOr WEITING INK. Will not blur or spread when exposed to the action of water in any way, for any length of time. Is Black when first written with. Is Absolutely Non-corrosive. Does not gum up the pen. Our Copying (and Writing) Fluid iis superior to any in the market, foreign or domestic. Superior Colored. Inks and IMiacilage. Our Liquid Bluing is the purest and best in the market. Pour times as economical as any other. Tie SOU&HT AFTER HAIR RESTORER is manufactured by Mr. L. Wilkins of the Company. Is the best article known for Restoring grey hair to its original color. la not a dye. Does not injure the hair or head. SALESROOMS, No. 49 DEY STREET, NEW YORK CITY, AWARDED THE HIGHEST MEDAL AT VIENNA. E. & H. T. ANTHONY & CO., 591 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, (0pp. Metropolitan Hotel.) M!annfactu.rers, Importers and. Dealers in Ohromos and Frames, Stereoscopes and Views, ALBUMS, GRAPHOSCOPES, and SUITABLE VIEWS. PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS. We are Headquarters for everything in the way of BTEIEZ/EOl'TICOnsrS .A.3srX> 3yE^a-ia Xi^3k t Bates. -^^^^^ ^MHHM^^^i f I roliciego-,1 the Dkposit Plan, for terms of tensor fifteen years, with peculi:^ advantages in case of discontinuance, are highly recomnicjided. Send for circuf^ lars dtiscribing the plan in detail. .,- ^ E. E. WIGGIN, President. S. H. Whitk, Vice-Pros, and Treas. A. H, Dillon. Jr., 2d Vice-Pres. ilALSEY Stevens, Secretary. Wm. L, Sqvire, Ass't Secretary. H. J. Ftikber, Financial Manager. E. <). noomvTN. CK'neral Agent, . . . 161 Broadway, New York. CJko. B. irxLETAUD, •' " . . . 258 Washington St., Boston. Wells & ]\r.\soN, '' u , _ 1 Tribune Building, Chicago. THE LEADING CLOTHIERS. Qiir tu'o Stores arc constantly supplied with the best Stock of Clothing in Nezo Yorlk /rV state 'the material plainly on each Garvient. , We sell at one price. I ]]^c ouarantvc entire satisfaction. J J ^e give spec ia I a tten tio n ta Custom o n ie ; .v DEVLIN & CO.. Broadway, cor. Grand St, Broadway, cor. Warren St., IVKAV A OlTIv.