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WASHINGTON 
 
 THE HEART OF THE NATION 
 
 By CHARLES B. REYNOLDS 
 
 li 
 
 Courage Patriotism Fortitude 
 
 WITH SEVENTY-SIX ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 B. S. REYNOLDS COMPANY -V'/^' ~ 
 
 WASHINGTON. D. C. 
 
 Copyright, 1918, by B. S. Reynolds Company 
 
rit9 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 Above one of the portals of the Union Station is inscribed the saying 
 of Samuel Johnson: "He that would bring home the wealth of the Indies 
 must carry the wealth of the Indies with him, so it is in travelling— a 
 man must carry knowledge with him if he would bring home knowledge." 
 This is true of us who visit Washington. The city has for a background 
 the field of American history; we find Washington suggestive and 
 stimulating because we bring to it the knowledge of our history and the 
 patriotic sentiments which are a part of our consciousness. In Washing- 
 ton we see an expression of the Nation's life. The Dome of the Capitol 
 is to us a thing of surpassing beauty. Its appeal is not alone that of 
 architectural grace; it is to us a visible symbol of the Republic. In its 
 
 CHIEF-JUSTICE JOHN MARSHALL. 
 
 DEC 30 1918 ©C1.A508853 f |\ '^ 
 
Washing! on the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 beaut3% strength, security, repose and 
 permanence is typified all that Amer- 
 ica means to us. 
 
 Cicero once wrote that in Athens 
 the glorious architecture caused him 
 less pleasure than did the thought of 
 the great men whose work had been 
 done in its midst, how here one had 
 lived and there fallen asleep, how here 
 one had disputed and there lay buried. 
 So it is with us here. We find pleasure 
 in the beautiful architecture — a stately 
 Capitol, a resplendent Library, an Ex- 
 ecutive jNlansion of becoming dignity, 
 a stupendous Monument, the open 
 spaces of the Mall; but we are most 
 moved by the associations of the scene with the great spirits of the past 
 — Washington and those who with him established the Republic, Lincoln 
 and those who v»ath him saved the L^nion. .The list is long of the 
 men whose niem.ory thus gives the city its finer significance. We see 
 their memorials on every hand. The Capitol, the White House, the 
 public buildings, are halls of fame, where the portraits which hang on 
 the walls and the chiseled marbles preserve their lineaments; their forms 
 in bronze have places of honor on the avenues and in the parks and 
 circles. Everywhere in our walks in Washington we are met by remind- 
 ers of those who in their day by valor or wisdom in counsel served the 
 Republic; and on the Virginia hills beyond the ~ Potomac, separated 
 now by the river but some day to be united by a memorial bridge, 
 Arlington calls us to pay tribute to the dead who are sleeping there. 
 
 Washington is a place of coming 
 together, the meeting ground of those 
 whose home is America. To Wash- 
 ington we come as to our own; in it 
 we have a sense of personal interest 
 and ownership. . Come from where we 
 may, from States however distant, we 
 here are in the Capital City which is 
 our common possession. We all alike 
 have share in the glorious traditions 
 of its past, we all take pleasure and 
 pride in its external beauties, we hold 
 allegiance to the ideals for which it 
 stands, and amid its influences find that 
 allegiance strengthened. From Wash- 
 ington we go home better AitT^ricans. 
 
THE CAPITOL 
 
 The Capitol has place among the beautiful buildings of the world. It 
 is given added grandeur and impressiveness by its situation on a height 
 overlooking the amphitheater of the city, the Potomac lowlands and the 
 distant ranges of encircling hills. It is of magnificent proportions. 
 
 The central building is of sandstone; the extensions are of marble. 
 The entire length is 751ft., width 350ft.; area over 3V2 acres. The 
 cornerstone: of the main building was laid by President Washington, 
 Sept. 18, 1793; the building vva« finished in 1827. The extensions were 
 first occupied in 1857 and 1859, The Dome, springing from a peristyle of 
 fluted Corinthian columns above the central building, and terminating 
 in a lantern, is surmounted bi^ the statue of Armed Liberty, towering 
 307>Sft. above the esplanade. 
 
 On the east front are three grand porticoes with Corinthian columns, 
 and there is a portico of similar columns on the end and west front of 
 each extension, and a loggia on the west front of the main building. 
 In the tympanum of the LIouse Portico is a sculptured group of the 
 Goddess of Peace with figures representing Hunting, Agriculture, 
 ^lanufactures, and Navigation. The Rotunda Portico has an allegorical 
 group of the Genius of America; the shield is inscribed July 4, 1776; 
 there are figures of Hope and Justice; the scroll of the Constitution 
 bears the date of adoption, Sept. 17, 1787. There are on the portico two 
 colossal groups: The Discovery of America (Columbus and Indian girl), 
 and the Settlement of America (a pioneer in conflict with a savage). 
 There are marble figures of War and Peace, and above the door is a 
 composition of Peace and Fame placing a wreath upon the brow of 
 Washington. The marble group in the tympanum of the Senate Portico 
 typifies American Development and the Decadence of the Indian Race; 
 in the center stands America bestov/ing honor upon General Washing- 
 ton; on the right are Commerce, Education, Mechanics and Agricul- 
 ture; on the left Pioneer, Hunter, Indian and Indian mother. Above 
 the Senate entrance are marble figures of Justice and History. 
 
 A convenient program for seeing the Capitol is to go first to the 
 Rotunda, then to visit the Hall of Statuary, the Hall of Representa- 
 tives and its rooms, the Supreme Court and the Senate Chamber and 
 its rooms. We shall everywhere find richness of construction and a 
 wealth of decoration. The walls are hung with paintings commemorat- 
 ing the great events in our history: and there are portraits on canvas and 
 in marble and bronze of those who have rendered distinguished service 
 to their country, many of them here in these halls. 
 
 7 
 
Wasliington the Heart of tlie Nation. 
 
 THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 
 
 Painting in the Rotunda. By John Trumbull, of Connecticut. The scene is the hall of 
 the Continental Congress. John Hancock, President of the Congress, is in the chair, 
 and before him stand the Committee of Five — Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin 
 Fn'nklin, Roger Sherman and Robert R. Livingston. 
 
 The RoTi'NDA is an immense circular hall 97ft. in diameter and i8oft. 
 in height from floor to inner shell of dome and canopy. Eight paint- 
 ings on the wallj have for their subjects: 
 Landing of Cohinibtis on San Salvador, Oct. 12, 1492. (By Vanderlyn.) 
 Discuvery of tlie Mississippi by Dc Soto, 1541. (By W. H. Powell.) 
 Baptism of Pocaliontas, Jamestown, Va., 1613. (By John G. Chapman.) 
 Embarkation of tlie Pilgrims from Delft Haven, July 22, 1620. (Weir.) 
 Declaration of Independence, Philadelphia, July 4, 1776. (By Trumbull.) 
 The Surrender of Burgoyne Saratoga, Oct. 17 1777. (By Trumbull.) 
 Surrender of ConizvalUs, Yorktown Oct. 19, 1781. (By Trumbull.) 
 The Resignation of General Washington, Dec. 23, 1783. (By Trumbu'.! ) 
 Above the paintings are sculptured portraits of Columbus, Raleigh, 
 Cabot and T.a Salle; and above the doors are sculptures: Landing of 
 the Pilgrims, Pocahontas Rescuing Capt. John Smith, William Penn's 
 Conference with ^he Indians, and Daniel Boone in Conflict with the 
 Indians. The Rotunda Frieze, 65ft. above the floor and encircling the 
 wall, which is here 300ft. ?n circumference, illustrates periods in the 
 history of the continent: Landing of ("lolumbus, Coftez and Monte- 
 zuma in the Temple of the Sun; Pizarro in Peru, Burial of De Soto, 
 Rescue of Capt. John Smith, Landing at Plymouth Rock. Penn's Treaty 
 with the Indians, Settlement of New England, Oglethorpe and the 
 
Washington the Heart of the Kat'ion. 
 
 JNInscogee, Battle of Lex- ' 
 ington, Declaration of In- 
 dependence, Surrender of 
 Lord Cornwallis, Death of 
 Tecumseh, the American 
 Army Entering the City of 
 ?\Iexico, California Gold 
 ]\ lining. The Canopy con- 
 tains a colossal allegorical 
 fresco representing the 
 Apotheosis of Washington. 
 The statues on the floor are 
 of Washington, Jefferson, 
 Hamilton, Lincoln, Grant, 
 Eaker. 
 
 Opening on the Rotunda 
 Portico are the Rogers 
 Bronze Doors; the subjects 
 illustrate scenes in the ca- 
 reer of Columbus : Colum- 
 bus before the Council of 
 Salamanca; Departure from 
 the Convent of La Rabida; 
 Audience before Ferdinand 
 and Lsabella; Sailing from 
 Palos on the First Voyage: 
 Landing at San Salvador: 
 First Encounter vith the 
 Indians; Triumphal Entry 
 into Barcelona; Columbus 
 in Chains: His Death. 
 
 The Rotunda Portico is the scene of the Inauguration; here the Presi- 
 dent takes the oath of office and delivers the inaugural address. It 
 v^as here that on JMarch 4, 1865, Lincoln delivered the Second Inaugural: 
 
 THE ROGERS DOORS. 
 
 "With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as 
 Cod gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind 
 up Ihe nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his 
 widow, and his orphan— to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting 
 peace among ourselves and with all nations." 
 
 From the Rotunda we pass into the National Statuary Hall. This 
 is one of the most beautiful rooms of the Capitol. On the north side 
 runs a colonnade of Potomac marble v^ith white capitals, and there is 
 a screen of similar columns on the south. The domed ceiling is decor- 
 ated after that of the Roman Pantheon. Above the door from the 
 Hotunda is Franzoni's Clock. The design is of History with recording 
 tablet, borne in the winged car of Time, its wheels supported on a 
 
10 
 
 iVasJnni:;toii the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 NATIONAL STATT'ARV TTALL WEST SIDE. 
 
 rjlobe circled by the Zodiac. Above the opposite door is the carved 
 figure of Liberty Proclaiming Peace. The room was the old Hall of 
 Representatives, where Webster, Clay and others debated. A plate in 
 the floor marks the spot where John Quincy Adams was stricken with 
 paralysis. In 1864 the room was set apart as a National Statuary Hall 
 to which each State might send the statues of two of its distinguished 
 citizens, ^^.lore than half the Strites have responded, and the statues over- 
 tax the capacity of the room for their seemly setting. This condition is 
 not without compensation, for in the crowded assemblage where the 
 men of our own day touch elbows with those of the Revolution, we have 
 a comprehensive view of the growth of the nation, and it is the more 
 clearly seen that, though serving in different periods and in diverse ways, 
 all those who are gathered here worked to the one common purpose of 
 the making of America. They won the liberties, established the privileges 
 and enlarged the opportunities v/hich are ours. Tf we recall the individual 
 records of their contribution to the Republic, we shall find Statuary Hall 
 cue of the most interesting and stimulating rooms in the Capitol. The 
 memorials contributed by the several States are : 
 
 Alabama. — J. T.. ^J. Curry— Educator. Arkansas.— U. M. Rose— Jurist. 
 Connecticut. — Roger Sherman — Signer Declaration, Continental Con- 
 gress, U. S. Congress and Senate. Jonathan Trumbull — Governor Col- 
 ony, leader Revolution; original "Brother Jonathan," so named by 
 Washington. Florida. — John Gorrie — Inventor artificial refrigeration 
 
WasJiingtoii the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 II 
 
 ATI -\kV HALL 
 
 (ICS51). E. Kirb}- Smith. Idaho. — George L. Shonp — Senator. Illinois. — 
 James Shields — Senator, General Civil War. Frances E. Willard — Presi- 
 dent National W. C. T. U. Founder World's W. C. T. U. Indiana.— 
 Oliver P. Morton — Governor, Senator. Lew Wallace — General Civil 
 War, Author. Iowa. — James Harlan — Senator. J. S. Kirkwood — Gov- 
 ernor. Kansas. — John J. Ingalls — Senator. John Glick — Governor. 
 Maine. — William King — First Governor. INIaryland. — Charles Carroll 
 of Carrollton — Signer Declaration. Senator. John Hanson — President 
 Continental Congress. Massachusetts. — Samuel Adams — Revolutionary 
 patriot. John Winthrop — First Governor Colony. Michigan. — Lewis 
 Cass — General War of 1812, Governor, Secretary of War, Senator, 
 Secretary of State. Zachariah Chandler — Senator. Minnesota. — 
 Alexander Ramsey — Governor, Senator, Secretary of War. Henry 
 ]\lower Rice — Senator. IMissoi'rt.- — Francis P. Blair — Congress, Gen- 
 eral Civil War. Thomas Benton — Senator. New Hampshire. — 
 John Stark — Revolutionary hero. Daniel Webster — Statesman, 
 Orator, "The Great Expounder of the Constitution." New Jersey.^ — 
 Richard Stockton — Continental Congress, Signer Declaration. Philip 
 Kearney — iMajor-General Civil War. New York. — Robert R. Livingston 
 — Continental Congress, Committee to draft Declaration, Minister to 
 France. George Clinton — Continental Congress, General Revolution, 
 First Governor, Vice-President. North Carolina. — Zebulon B. Vance — • 
 Senator, Governor. Ohio. — James A. Garfield — }\lajor-General Civil 
 
12 
 
 Washington the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 THE HALL OF REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 War, Congress, President. William Allen — Congress, Senator, Gov- 
 ernor. Oklahoma. — Sequoya (George Guess) — Inventor Cherokee 
 Alphabet. Pennsylvania. — J. P. G. Aluhlenberg — ]\lajor-General Revo- 
 lutionary War, Congress, Senator. Robert Fulton — Built first successful 
 steamboat, the Clermont (1807). Rhode Island. — Nathaniel Greene — 
 Commander Southern Army, Revolutionary War. Roger Williams — 
 Founder Colony, Apostle religious liberty. South Carolina. — John 
 C. Calhoun — Congress, Secretary War, Vice-President, Senator, Secre- 
 tary State. Tennessee. — John Sevier — Pioneer and Indian fighter. Gen- 
 eral Revolutionary War, Congress, Governor. Andrew Jackson — Gen- 
 eral, Governor, Congress, Senate, President. Texas. — Stephen F. Aus- 
 tin — Founder Texas. Sam Houston — Leader Texas revolution, Presiden": 
 Republic, Senator, Governor. Vermont. — Ethan Allen — Hero of Ticon- 
 deroga. Jacob Collamer — Congress. Senator. Virginia. — George Wash- 
 ington. Replica of the Houdon statue in the Capitol at Richmond. Rob- 
 ert E. Lee — Mexican War, commanded Army of Northern Virginia in 
 Civil War. — West Virginia. — John E. Kenna — Senator. Francis H. 
 Pierpont — "Father of West Virginia." Wisconsin. — James Marquette — 
 Pere Marquette, with Louis Joliet discovered Mississippi River (1673). 
 The Hall of Representatives is the largest legislative chamber in the 
 world. It is T^Qft. in length with a width of 93ft. and a height of 30ft. 
 It is lighted by a ceiling of glass panels in which are painted the Arms 
 of the States. The Speaker's desk of white marble is in the center of 
 
Washington the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 13 
 
 THE SUPREME COURT ROOM. 
 
 the south side, and before it are the desks of the clerks and official re- 
 porters. On the right is the Sergeant-at-Arms and on the left is the 
 Assistant Doorkeeper. The Mace at the right of the desk, is the 
 symbol of the Speaker's authority; it is a bundle of ebony rods, bound 
 together with ligaments of silver, and having a silver globe surmounted 
 by a silver eagle. The paintings are full-length portraits of Washing- 
 ton and Lafayette; they were presented by Lafayette. A fresco pic- 
 tures Washington at Yorktown declining overtures from Cornwallis. 
 Over the main entrance is the House Clock. Opening off from the hall 
 are the House Lobby and the Members' Retiring Rooms. Here are land- 
 scapes: Discovery of the Hudson by Henry Hudson in 1609, and Viz- 
 caino at Monterey in 1601. On the walls are portraits of Speakers. 
 
 From the corridors stairways of Tennessee marble lead to the House 
 galleries. Facing the East Stairway is Powers' statue of Thomas Jefferson. 
 Above the first landing hangs Carpenter's First Reading of the Einaiicipa- 
 iion Proclamation before the Cabinet. Sept. 22, 1862. The portraits, be-- 
 ginning at the left, are: Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War; Salmon 
 P. Chase, Secretary of the Treasury; President Lincoln; Gideon Welles, 
 Secretary of the Navy; William H. Seward, Secretary of State; Caleb 
 B. Smith, Secretary of the Interior; Montgomery Blair, Postmaster- 
 General; Edward Bates, Attorney-General. In the corridor above are 
 
14 
 
 Washiuiiton the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 THE SENATE CHAMBER. 
 
 portraits of Gunning Bedford (of the Continental Congress), Charles 
 Carrol! (a signer of the Declaration) and Henry Clay. At the foot of the 
 West Stairway is a hronze bust of the Chippewa Chief, Be-She-Ke. 
 On the wall of the landing is Lcutzc's painting, Wcstzvard Ho! which has 
 for its legend Bishop Berkeley's line. "Westward the star of empire takes 
 its way." The scene is of a train of pioneers crossing the Rocky Moun- 
 tains. Below is Bierstadt's Golden Gate; and in the borders are portraits 
 of Daniel Boone, the pioneer of the Southwest, and Capt. Wm. Clark, of 
 the Lewis and Clark Expedition to the Columbia, 1803-6. In the upper 
 corridor hangs a portrait of Chief Justice Marshall. 
 
 Opening on the House Portico are the Bronze Doors designed by 
 Crawford and modeled by Rinehart. The subjects are: ^lassacre of 
 Wyoming, Battle of Lexington, April 19, 1775. the beginning of the 
 American Revolution; presentation of flags to Gen. William Moultrie for 
 his defense of Sullivan's Island, Charleston Harbor, June 28, 1776; Death 
 of General Montgomery, in the attack on Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775; the 
 Battle of Lexington. April 19. 1775, the beginning of the American 
 Revolution: presentation of flags to Gen. William Moultrie for his 
 defense of Sullivan's Island. Charleston Harbor, June 28, 1776; Death of 
 General Montgomery, in the attack on Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775; the 
 
1 6 Waslungioii iJic Heart of the A^ at ion. 
 
 Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776; Paris Treaty of Peace be- 
 tween the United States and Great Britain, Sept. 3, 1783; Washington's 
 Farewell to his officers, at New York, Dec. 4, 1783; Benjamin Franklin. 
 
 In the Supreme Court Room a screen of Ionic columns of Potomac 
 marble forms a loggia, in front of wliich is the Bench, of the Supreine 
 Court. The Chair of the Chief Justice is in the center; those of the 
 Associates are on either side. About the walls is a series of busts of 
 former Chief Justices : John Jay, John Rutledge, Oliver Ellsworth, John 
 JNIarshall, Robert B. Taney, Salmon B, Chase, ^Morrison R. Waite. 
 
 The Senate Chamber is 113ft. in length, 82ft. in width, and is lighted 
 by a ceiling 36ft. above the floor. The glass of the ceiling is filled with 
 symbolisms of War, Peace, Union, Progress, the Arts, Sciences, and 
 Industries. In wall niches are busts of the Vice-Presidents (Presidents 
 of the Senate), and the series is continued in the various halls. In the 
 main corridors are portraits of Washington, John Adams, Patrick 
 Henry, Thomas Jefferson, Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, John C. Cal- 
 houn, Charles Sumner, W. B. Allison. There is here a mahogany hall 
 clock which has been in the Capitol since 1S03; its seventeen stars were 
 for the seventeen States of that time. Connected with the Senate 
 Chamber are the President's Room, Vice-President's Room, Senators* 
 Reception Room, Public Reception Room, and Room of the Committee 
 on the District of Columbia. The President's Room is set apart for 
 his use, and is the one to which he comes in the closing hours of the 
 session to sign the last bills before adjournment. It is decorated with 
 portraits of President Washington and his first cabinet — Jefferson, Hamilton, 
 Knox, Randolph and Osgood; allegories of Liberty, Religion, Legisla- 
 tion and Executive Authority; and portraits of Columbus (with em- 
 blems of Discovery), Americus Vespucius (Exploration), William 
 Brewster (Religion), and Benjamin Franklin (Llistor^O- There is a 
 bronze bust of McKinley. The Vice-President's Room contains Rem- 
 brandt Peale's portrait of Washington, a bust of Vice-President Henry 
 S.Wilson, and a portrait of Lafayette S. Foster, acting Vice-President in 
 Johnson's time. The Senators' Reception Room is known as the INlarble 
 Room because constructed wholly of that material. It has Corinthian 
 columns of Italian marble, walls of Tennessee marble, and ceiling of 
 marble from Vermont. There is here a bust of Lincoln. In the 
 Public Reception Room is a painting of President Washington in con- 
 sultation with Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State, and Alexander 
 Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury. In the vaulted ceiling are alle- 
 gories of War, Peace, Liberty, Plenty, Power, Temperance, Prudence 
 and Justice. The Room of the Committee on the District of^ Columbia 
 has ceiling frescoes of LTistory, Geography, Science and the Telegraph. 
 The columns of the vestibule have tobacco leaf capitals, and at the 
 cast stairway are corn-stalk columns with capitals of corn in the husk. 
 
 The- Bronze Doors of the Senate vestibule were designed by Thomas 
 Crawford. The panels commemorate the Death of Warren at Bunker 
 
Washington the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 17 
 
 THE SENATE OFFICE BUILmNG. 
 Northeast of the Capitol. Southeast is the House Building. 
 
 Hill, 1775; Washington's Rebuke of Gen. Charles Lee at Monmouth. 1778: 
 Hamilton's Gallantry at Yorktown, 1781 ; Washington's Reception at 
 Trenton, when on the way to his Inauguration as First President, 1789; 
 Laying the Corner Stone of the Capitol, Sept. 18, 1793. 
 
 At the foot of the East Stairway leading to the Senate galleries is 
 Powers' statue of Benjamin Franklin, and on the walls of the landing is 
 Powell's painting which pictures Coinmodore Perry in the Battle of 
 Lake Erie (Sept. 13. 1813). transferring his colors from the disabled 
 flagship Lawrence to the Niagara. In the corridor and halls are paint- 
 ings: Heaton's Columbus Leaving La Rabida, Moran's Canyons of the 
 Yellowstone and the Colorado. Gignoux's Niagara in Winter. Halsall's 
 First Fight of the Iron-Clads (INIonitor and Merrimac, Hampton 
 Roads, Va., i\Iarch 9, 1862), and IMrs. C. A. Fassett's Florida Case 
 before the Electoral Commission (in the Senate Chamber, Feb. 5, 
 1877L Four old paintings by John B. White picture Revolutionary 
 incidents: Gen. Marion inviting a L'ri^-i.^h officer to a dinner of potatoes; 
 Mrs. Motte preparing to fire her house; bergeants Jasper and Newton; 
 Battle of Fort INloultrie, June 28, 1776. There are mosaic portraits of 
 Abraham Lincoln and James A. Garfield, and one in oil of Gen. John 
 A. Dix, with the flag as an accessory in allusion to Gen. Dix's historic' 
 dispatch: 'Tf any one attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot 
 him on the spot." Busts are here of Lincoln, Sumner. Crawford. Tyler, 
 Garibaldi, Pulaski, Kosci-iszko, and a Chippewa Chief. At the base of 
 the West Stairway is Story's statue of John Hancock. On the landing 
 is Walker's Chapultepec. In the upper corridor is Peale's Washington. 
 
THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 The Library of Congress is on Capitol TTill, where the gilded dome is 
 a conspicuous and pleasing feature of the Washington view. The white 
 granite building covers almost three and a half acres. It was planned 
 on a generous scale, for it houses one of the largest libraries in the 
 world, and the collections are growing with the years. The exterior 
 adornment is significant of its character as a treasure house of knowl- 
 edge. The finial of the dome lantern is the Torch of Science. Over 
 the windows are carved thirty-three heads, representing the races of 
 men; and in the nine windows of the entrance pavilion are colossal 
 portrait-busts in granite: Emerson and Irving, by Hartley; Goethe. 
 Franklin and Alacaulay, by Ruckstuhl; Hawthorne, by Hartley; Scott, 
 by Adams; Demosthenes and Dante, by Adams. Sculptures over the 
 entrances by Bela L. Pratt typify Literature, Science and Art. 
 
 The three entrances have bronze doors, of which the subjects are : 
 Printing — By Frederick Macmonnies. Minerva presiding over the 
 "Diffusion of the Products of the Typographical Art."' In the panels 
 are idealizations of Intellect and Humanities. Writing — -By Olin L. 
 Warner. A mother is instructing her children from the written record 
 of the scroll. \n the panels are Truth and Research. Tradition — By 
 Olin L. Warner. Tradition is typified by a woman reciting her story to 
 a boy. The panels represent Imagination and ]\Iemory. 
 
 Within the building, in the vestibule sculptured figures by Herbert 
 Adams represent JNlinerva in her dual attributes as the patron of De- 
 fensive War and of Wisdom and the Liberal Arts. 
 
 The Central Stair Hai.l is a vision of splendor. The lofty rounded 
 columns of polished marble with their Corinthian capitals, the arches 
 carved with designs of exquisite finish and delicacy, the grand double 
 staircase with its white marble balustrades, the vaulted ceiling 72ft. 
 above the floor, and the walls of the corridors glowing with color, all 
 combine to give an effect of surpassing beauty. Inlaid in brass in the 
 floor the Points of the Compass radiate from a conventional sun sur- 
 rounded by the Signs of the Zodiac. The Commemorative Arch has 
 figures ot Students, by Warner. The newel posts of the staircases are 
 surmounted by bronze lamp bearers, and on the railings, buttresses and 
 balustrades are carved figures by Martiny. In the cove of the ceiling are 
 Martiny's flying half-figures, lamp and book: and the names of authors. 
 Throughout the building on walls and ceilings are inscribed quotations, 
 all of which are given in the chapter devoted to the Library in the 
 Washington Standard Guide. There is everywhere a wealth of symbolism. 
 The Printers' ?ilarks are the distinctive symbols used by printers and 
 publishers to distinguish their work. 
 
 South Hall. — In the South Hall H. O. Walker celebrates Poetry in 
 a panel devoted to Lvric Poetry, and six panels of Poets' Boys, ideals 
 
 18 
 
20 IVashiugton the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 of youthful subjects of the poets: Emerson's Uriel. Wordsworth's 
 Boy of Winander. Alilton's Comus. Shakespeare's Adonis. Keats' 
 Endymion. Tennyson's Ganymede. In the west wall are Joy and ^Memory. 
 
 In the South Curtain Corridor are Walter McEwen's Greek Heroes: 
 Paris at the Court of AJenelaiis. Theseus deserting the sleeping Ari- 
 adne. Prometheus warning his brother against Pandora. Hercules 
 holding the distaii for Omphale. Achilles disguised as a girl discovered 
 by Ulysses. Bellerophon presented by INlinerva with the bridle of 
 Pegasus. Perseus with the Gorgon"s head. Jason enlisting the Argo- 
 nauts for quest of the Golden Fleece. Orpheus slain by the Bacchantes. 
 
 In the Representatives' Reading Room are Frederick Dielman's mosaic 
 mantels, Law and History. In the ceiling paintings by Carl Gutherz, 
 represent the seven primary colors in a Pictorial Spectrum of Light. 
 
 East Hall. — Six paintings by John W. Alexander present The Evolu- 
 tion of the Book. The series comprises: (i) The Cairn — a heap of 
 stones erected as a memorial b}^ prehistoric man. (2) Oral Tradition — 
 an Oriental story-teller. (3) Hieroglyphics chiseled on an Egyptian 
 tomb. (4) The Pictograph or picture writing of the American Indian. 
 (5; The Manuscript of the Middle Ages. (6) The Printing Press. 
 
 Reading Room Lobby. — Five panels by Elihu Vedder symbolize the 
 Government of the Republic. They are: Government. Good Adminis- 
 tration. Peace and Prosperity. Corrupt Legislation. Anarchy. 
 
 North FIall. — A series of six panels by Charles Sprague Pearce de- 
 pict The Family, with Religion, Labor, Study, Recreation and Rest. 
 
 North Curtain Corridor. — Nine paintings by Edward Simmons are 
 idealizations of the Nine Muses, with their attributes. 
 
 Tlie Second Floor. 
 
 In the North Hall of the second floor the most striking decorations 
 are George W. Maynard's paintings of floating female figures, in the 
 Pompeiian style, on a vermilion ground, symbolizing the Virtues. 
 Fortitude is armor-clad. Justice supports a globe, and holds a drawn 
 sword. Industry's emblems are the spindle, distafif and flax. Concordia, 
 with olive branch, pours from a cornucopia grains of wheat symbolic 
 of the prosperity of peace. Over the doors are Robert Reid's paintings 
 of Wisdom (with tablet). Understanding (with scroll). Knowledge 
 (with book), and Philosophy. In the ceiling Robert Reid idealizes the 
 Senses. Over the windows are Perry's Sibyls of Greece and Persia. 
 
 In the East Corridor ceiling female figures by George R. Barse, Jr., 
 personify the departments of Literature. In the ceiling panels, W. A. 
 Mackay has for his theme the Thread of Life spun by the Three Fates. 
 On the walls are portraits of Prescott and Audubon. 
 
 ]\Iinerva. — From the east corridor a stairway ascends to the balcony 
 of the reading room: on the wall of the landing is Elihu Vedder's 
 mosaic of Minerva, the Goddess of Wisdom. 
 
THE CENTRAL STAJR HALL. 
 
22 Washington the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 On the South Corridor walls are Maynard's Virtues: Patriotism sup- 
 ports on her arm the American eagle, which she is feeding from a 
 golden bowl. Courage, wearing a casque, is equipped with sword and 
 buckler. Temperance pours water from a pitcher. Prudence has for 
 symbols the mirror and the serpent. The Seasons are personified in 
 paintings by F. W. Benson. In the ceiling panels are the Graces by F. W. 
 Benson. Above the window are Perry's Roman Sibyl and Northern Sibyl. 
 
 The West Corridor ceiling decorations are W^alter Shirlaw's Sciences. 
 
 In the Southwest Gallery Kenyon Cox pictures the Arts and the 
 Sciences. The ceiling medallions by VV. B. Van Ingen typify Painting, 
 Architecture and Sculpture. 
 
 In the Southwest Pavilion George W. Maynard celebrates the Dis- 
 covery and Settlement of America in four allegories of Adventure, Dis- 
 covery, Conquest, and Civilization. In the ceiling are Courage, Valor, 
 Fortitude and Achievement, idealized in woman's form. In sculptures 
 by Bela L. Pratt the Seasons are symbolized. In the Southeast Pavilion 
 R. L. Dodge and E. F. Garnsey symbolize the Four Elements. In the 
 Northwest Gallery Gari Melchers represents War and Peace. In 
 the Northwest Pavilion are W. L. Dodge's Art. Literature, Music, and 
 Science. In the Northeast Pavilion are paintings by Garnsey and Van 
 Ingen of the Seals of the United States and the Executive Departments. 
 
 The Reading Room is in the great Central Rotunda. The entrance for 
 those who use the 'Library is from the Central Stair Hall on the first 
 floor. The Visitors' Gallery is reached by the stairway from the East 
 Corridor on the second floor. The room is of imposing dimensions, 
 looft. in diameter and 125ft. in height, the pillars 40ft. high, the windows 
 32ft. wide. The richness of the color effect lies in the marbles, of which 
 the dark are from Tennessee, the red from Numidia, and the shades 
 of yellow from Siena. The stucco ornaments of the dome are in old 
 ivor}^ — Martiny's female figures supporting cartouches; Weinert's 
 winged half-figures; v;inged boys with wreaths and garlands, torches, 
 lamps, swans, eagles, dolphins and arabesques. 
 
 The Symbolical Statues. — Upon the eight piers are female figures of 
 colossal stature. Complementing these are bronze statues of characters 
 distinguished in the several fields of learning and achievement. The two 
 series of symbolical and portrait statues are : 
 
 Religion (by Baur). Moses (by Niehaus) and St. Paul (by Donoghue). 
 
 Commerce (Flanagan). Columbus' (Bartlett). Fulton (Potter). 
 
 History (French). Herodotus (French). Gibbon (Niehaus). 
 
 Art (St. Gaudens-Dozzi). Michaelangelo (Bartlett). Beethoven (Baur). 
 
 Philosophy (by Pratt). Plato and Bacon (by Boyle). 
 
 Poetry (Ward). Homer (St. Gaudens). Shakespeace (Macmonnies). 
 
 Law (Bartlett). Solon (R.ickstuhl). Kent (Bissell). 
 
 Science (by Donoghue). Newton (by DalHn), Henry (by Adams). 
 
JVashinefoii the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 23 
 
 THE MUSE OF LYRIC POETRY. 
 
 In the Collar of the Dome, which is 150ft. in circumference, E. H. 
 Blashfield symbolizes the nations and epochs which have contributed 
 to the world's advance in the Progress of Civilization, The series 
 begins with Egypt, wliich gave Written Records. Judea — Religion. Greece 
 — Philosophy. Rome — Administration. Islam — Physics. Middle Ages — 
 Modern Languages. Italy — Fine Arts. Germany — Printing. Spain — Dis- 
 covery. England — Literature. France — Emancipation. America — Science. 
 
 In the Crown of the Lantern Mr. Blashfield has painted The Human 
 Understanding, in the allegorical figure of a woman floating among 
 clouds, and attended by two children genii. With uplifted gaze she is 
 looking from finite human achievement, as indicated in the fresco of 
 Civilization below, to the infinite, which is beyond. 
 
 The Windows. — The decoration of the windows by H. T. Schladermundt 
 is a composition of the arms of the LTnion and of the States. 
 
 The Clock, by John Flanagan, is of marble and bronze; the details 
 are Signs of the Zodiac, Flight of Time, Seasons, Day and Night. 
 
 The Collections. — The Library contained on Tune 30, 1917: Books, 
 2,5.^7,922. Maps and charts, i5S.4(So. Music (volumes and pieces), 795,749. 
 Prints (pieces), 397,945- There are thousands of manuscripts. 
 
 the seasons. by F. W. BENSON. 
 
THE WHITE HOUSE 
 
 The Executive Mansion, or White House, the Home of the Presi- 
 dent, is on Pennsylvania avenue at Sixteenth street. The familiar 
 picture is of the north front with the portico of Ionic columns as seen 
 from the avenue; and another much-admired view is of the south front, 
 with the colonnaded balcony overlooking the President's Grounds and 
 the Mail. On the east is the public entrance through a colonnade; and 
 the executive offices are on the west. The building is of Virginia free- 
 stone; it is 170ft. in length and 86ft. in depth; there are two principal 
 stories, with basement and attic. This was the first public building 
 erected here; President Washington laid the cornerstone in 1792; 
 President John Adams was the first occupant in 1800; and his suc- 
 cessors have lived here. Thus the White House is associated with all 
 the Presidents; and always the House has stood for the man. In 
 political parlance, "The White House"' means the President, his policies 
 and acts; in the Civil War it meant Lincoln; in the World War it means 
 Wilson. To-day the whole world is looking to the White House. 
 
 in peace times the several State apartments are open to visitors, 
 and the tourist counts the visit to the White House as one of the most 
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 THE PRESIDENT S OFFICES, 
 24 
 
26 
 
 Washington the Heart of the Nation, 
 
 THE EAST ROOM. 
 
 sands have crossed its threshold; the White House is familiar to more 
 people than any other house in America; and for it, even more perhaps 
 than for the Capitol, we have a feeling of personal ownership as of a 
 national possession belonging to us all. 
 
 The public entrance admits to the basement corridor, on the walls of 
 which are hung portraits of the mistresses of the White House — Ange- 
 lica Singleton Van Buren, Mrs. Tyler, Mrs. Polk, Mrs. Hayes, Mrs. 
 Harrison, Mrs. Roosevelt. There are busts of Columbus. Vespucci, 
 Martin Van Buren and John Bright. Exhibition cases display ex- 
 amples of the china used by different administrations. 
 
 Tre East Room, or State Parlor, is a magnificent apartment 40ft. 
 wide, 82ft. in length, and with a ceiling 22ft. high, from which depend 
 three crystal chandeliers. The four carved mantels are surmounted by 
 mi^-rors. The decorations are in white and gold, with window draperies 
 of old gold. The two royal bine Se'.-res vases were presented to Presi- 
 dent McKinley by the President of the Erench Republic in commem- 
 oration of the laying of the Erench-American cable. There are busts 
 of Washington, Eranklin, Jefferson and Lincoln. The President's re- 
 ceptions are held in this room. 
 
 The State Dining Room is paneled in English oak, and decorated with 
 
Washington the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 27 
 
 THE STATE DINING ROOM. 
 
 heads of American big game. An o'd Flemish tapestrj^ pictures a 
 country scene, with a verse irom Virgil in praise of hunting. The 
 Dining Room is the scene of the State Dinners. 
 
 The several rooms on this floor take their names from the decorative 
 color schemes. The Blue Room is the President's reception room. The 
 walls are covered with blue corded silk, and the window hangings are 
 blue with golden stars. On the mantel is the clock of gold presented 
 by Napoleon I. to Lafayette and by him to Washington. The Green 
 Room has green velvet walls with white enamel wainscoting. There 
 is here the lacquer cabinet presented by Japan in 1858, when American 
 ships first entered Japanese ports. The portraits are of Presidents John 
 Adams, John Quincy Adams, Jackson, Tyler, W. H. Harrison, Van 
 Buren, Pierce. Buchanan, Lincoln, Hayes. The Red Room walls and 
 window draperies are of red velvet. A cabinet contains Japanese dolls 
 presented to Mrs. Roosevelt by the Japanese Minister. There are por- 
 traits of Washington, Martha Washington (by Andrews), Presidents 
 Jefferson, Polk and Benjamin Harrison. The President's Room and 
 the Cabinet Room are in the Executive Office extension. 
 
 The White House overlooks the beautiful park to which in the early 
 days a grateful nation gave the name of Lafayette, as France has just 
 given to a street in Paris the name of Wilson. W^ith its venerable trees, 
 many monurnents and surrounding homes rich in historical associa- 
 tions. Lafayette Square is the most interesting of all Washington parks. 
 
THE TREASURY 
 
 The Treasury, at Pennsylvania avenue and 15th street, is housed in a 
 building of sandstone and granite, having a total length of 450ft. and a 
 width of 25ott. The east front on 15th street, is adorned with a 
 colonnade of Ionic columns, and on the north, west and south fronts 
 are porticos of similar columns. The building is of the monumental 
 type; the immense proportions and the massiveness of construction arc 
 reassuring; they give a grateful sense of confidence and security in 
 these times when the demands on the Treasury of the United States 
 stagger the imagination. 
 
 The Cash Room is near the Pennsylvania avenue entrance, on the first 
 floor. The walls are of choice American and Italian marbles, and the 
 room, is one of the costliest in the world. As the name denotes, the 
 Cash Room is a cashier's office. Here the Treasury cashes the various 
 warrants drawn upon it and presented here for payment. The daily 
 transactions run into the millions. 
 
 Of the several functions of the Treasury Department, the one which 
 most interests the visitor in Washington is the manufacture and dis- 
 tribution oi currency; and in normal peace times we may visit the 
 several branches and witness many of the successive steps in the print- 
 ing, stampmg and counting of the notes, and see the provision for the 
 
 HIE BUREAU OF ENGRAVING AND PRINTING. 
 
 2b 
 
30 Washington the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 safe-keeping of currency and coin. The notes are engraved and printed 
 in the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, where also are prepared all 
 the Government securities, including Liberty Bonds; revenue and post- 
 age stamps, and W. S. S:; commissions, passports and other docu- 
 ments. The Bureau, at 14th and C streets southwest, is a huge factory 
 building. The fagade, adorned with stone columns, is more than 500 
 feet in length, the depth of the main building and wings is 295 feet, 
 and the total floor space approximates 476,700 square feet. In plan, 
 construction, equipment, adaptation to its special purpose, conditions 
 making- for efficiency, and provision for the comfort of employees, the 
 Bureau embodies the most advanced prmciples of the day. 
 
 STATE, WAR AND NAVY BUILDING 
 
 The State, War and Navy Building is on Pennsylvania avenue, west 
 of the White House. With a frontage of 342ft. and a depth of 565ft., 
 the four-storied granite structure ranks with the large and magnificent 
 office buildings of the world. It has 500 rooms and two miles of marble 
 halls. The War Department occupies the west wing, the Navy De- 
 partment the east wing, and the State Department the south. The 
 main entrance to all of these is from Pennsylvania avenue. In the cor- 
 ridors and ante-rooms are series of portraits of former Secretaries. 
 In the upper hall of the War Department are shown models of the 
 uniform of the Army at various periods; among the groups is one 
 which represent.^3 the dress of Washington's Life Guard, formed in 
 1776. In the Navy corridors are models of war vessels. 
 
 The State Library on the third floor contains many national heir- 
 looms. Chief among these is a fac-simile of the Declaration of Independence. 
 Near the fac-simile hangs the original of Thomas Jefferson's first draft 
 of the instrument, in his hand, with interlineations by Franklin and John 
 Adams. Jefferson's desk on which he wrote the Declaration is also here. 
 The original of the Declaration and of Washington's commission as Com- 
 mander-in-Chief are preserved in the safe. Among the other objects are: 
 The Szuovd of WasJiington. — The sword was among the four bequeathed by 
 Washington to his nephews; this one was chosen by Samuel Washington. 
 •who willed it to his son. Samuel T. Washington, by whom it was pre- 
 sented to Congress in 1843. There are also shown some of Washington's 
 Diaries. The Staff of Franklin. — Franklin bequeathed it to Washington. 
 It was presented to Congress by Samuel T. Washington. There are also 
 buttons from Franklin's dress coat. The Great Seal of the United States 
 is shown in wax replica. Hull Relics. — A silver set. presented by citizens of 
 Philadelphia, 1812, to Capt. Isaac Hull, commander of the American frigalc 
 Constitution, in commemoration of his victory of Aug. 19, 1812, when he 
 destroyed the British man-of-war Guerriere. Also a brace of pistols and 
 a sword, presented to him by Connecticut for a similar memorial. 
 
THE SEVENTEENTH STREET GROUP 
 
 The Corcoran Gallery of Art is on Seventeenth street, southwest of 
 the State Department. On Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, Sundays 
 and Holidays admission is free, other daj^s 25 cents. 
 
 The Gallery was founded and endowed by William W. Corcoran, as a 
 gift to the public, "for the perpetual establishment and encouragement 
 of the Fine Arts." The building is of Georgia white marble. In the frieze 
 below the cornice are carved the names of painters and sculptors — 
 Phidias, Giotto, Diirer, Michaelangelo, Raphael, Velasquez, Rembrandt, 
 Rubens, Reynolds, Allston, Ingres. The lions at the doorway are 
 copies of those by Canova, which guard the Tomb of Clement XIII. in 
 St, Peter's at Rome. The central hall or atrium is devoted to casts 
 from ancient and Renaissance sculpture, and other rooms on this floor 
 contain original marbles, casts, bronzes and other collections. The 
 grand staircase leads to the second-story atrium. * Thirty fluted columns 
 of white marble support the immense skylight. The walls are hung with 
 paintings. The gallery may be seen intelligentlj'^ only with the catalogue, 
 which may be purchased at the entrance. 
 
 Among the casts of ancient sculpture are those of the Frieze and 
 Pediments of the Parthenon, the Venus of Melos, the Discobolus or 
 Quoit-thrower, Venus de Medici, ]\Iinerva, Laocoon, Dying Gala- 
 tian (commonly called the Dying Gladiator), Apollo Belvidere, 
 Torso of Hercules, Boy Extracting a Thorn from his Foot, 
 
 THE CORCORAN GALLERY. 
 32 
 
34 
 
 IVasJiington the Heart of the Nation, 
 
 MEMORIAL CONTINENTAL HALL. 
 
 Hermes with Infant Dionysos, Galatian and his Wife, Nike from 
 Samothrake, Boxer Resting, Thalassa and Gaia, Ariadne Deserted, Jason. 
 Among the Renaissance subjects are a cast of one of the Ghiberti doors 
 of the Baptistry at Florence, Donatello's David with the Head of Goliath, 
 the bust of Michaelangelo's colossal statue of David, the mask of 
 Moses, reduced copies of Day, Night, Dawn, and Twilight, from the 
 Tomb of the Medici family, and the Slaves for the Julius monument. 
 Luca della Robbia is represented by the Singing Boys. The most cele- 
 brated of the marbles are Vincenzo Velas' Last Days of Napoleon I., 
 and the Greek Slave, by Hiram Powers. The Barye Room contains a 
 series of Barye bronzes. There are exhibits of Cloisonne, porcelains 
 and glass, and reproductions of antiques. 
 
 The American Red Cross Building is on Seventeenth street, between 
 the Corcoran Gallery and the Memorial Continental Hall. On the portico 
 is Inscribed the dedication: "Tn Memory of the Heroic Women of the 
 Civil War." The Women's Relief Corps of the North joined with the 
 Daughters of the Confederacy of the South to provide the stained-glass 
 windows which represent the Northern and Southern organizations and 
 the American Red Cross. The assembly room is entirely in white with 
 
\ 
 
36 lVosJiiji!^toji the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 crimson hangings, the colors of the society. This is the official home 
 and headquarters of the American Red Cross. 
 
 The ATemgrial Continental Hall, on Seventeenth street, is the home 
 of the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. 
 The building, of white marble, and the furnishings cost $700,000. It has 
 been described as "Colonial in motif, Corinthian in treatment, American 
 in material, up-to-date in details, and twentieth century in convenience." 
 The thirteen columns of the southern portico commemorate the Thir- 
 teen States; and the three pairs of bronze doors were given by the 
 Massachusetts, Connecticut and Virginia Chapters; the keystones by the 
 Philadelphia Chapter. The several rooms, assigned to different chapters 
 of the Society, coitain many notable objects of historical interest. 
 Visitors are conducted through the building by an official guide. 
 
 The Pan-American Union Building, on 17th street, between B and C, 
 ranks as one of the most beautiful public buildings in the world. It 
 was erected at a cost of $1,000,000, which was contributed by ]\Ir. An- 
 drew Carnegie and by the republics formirig the Union. The Union is 
 an international organization maintained by the twenty-one American 
 republics, including Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa 
 Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hon- 
 duras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama. Paraguay, Peru, Salvador, United 
 States, Uruguay and Venezuela. It is devoted to the development and 
 conservation of commerce, iriendly intercourse and good understand- 
 ing among them. The present Director-General is John Barrett. 
 
 On the marble exterior are heroic groups representing North America 
 and South America, with bas-relief panels representing Washington's 
 Farewell, and the meeting of Bolivar and San Martin at Guayaquil. The 
 vestibule opens into a typical Latin-American patio, with a fountain. 
 Around the walls are the names of famous men in Pan-American history. 
 In the rear of the patio is a wide corridor, which is used for exhibits of 
 the products of the Latin American countries, while still further back is 
 the main reading room and reference library of the Union. This con- 
 tains a large relief map of Latin America, which is one of the largest of 
 the kind in the world and gives an excellent impression of the size and the 
 physical features of the republics lying to the south of the United States. 
 On the second floor is the Gallery of National Standards and Patriots. 
 Suspended from the ceiling are the flags of all the American republics. 
 On either side of this and along the walls of the galleries are busts of 
 patriots and heroes. The large assembly hall, or auditorium, known as 
 The Hall of the Americas, is said to be the most beautiful room of its 
 kind in the United States, In the grounds west of the building is the 
 Aztec Garden, with its pool, over which presides a figure of heroic size, 
 enlarged from the famous "Sad Indian," the most prized relic of the 
 Aztecs. 
 
THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT 
 
 THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL 
 
 The Monument is a shaft of white marble rising from an elevation on 
 the Mall near the Potomac. A stairwaj^ of 900 steps leads to the top. 
 An elevator carries visitors Avithont charge. The IMonument is an 
 obelisk. The height from floor of entrance to tip is 555ft. 5>sin. It is 
 the highest Work of masonry in the world. The shaft is 500ft. sys'm. 
 in height, 55ft. square at the base, 34ft. at the top. The pyramidon (or 
 pyramid-shaped section above) is 55ft. in height, and terminates in a 
 pyramid of pure aluminum. The walls are 15ft. in thickness at the 
 entrance, and taper to i8in. at the top of the shaft. The facing is of 
 pure white marble from ^Maryland, the interior backing is of gneiss and 
 New England granite. The foundation, of rock and cement, is 36ft. 
 deep, 126ft. square. The cornerstone v/as laid in 1848; the finished 
 work was dedicated in 1885. The cost v/as $1,300,003. In the inner 
 face, seen from the landings of the stairway, are memorial stones 
 which were contributed from various sources as tributes to Washing- 
 ton. There are represented forty States and sixteen cities, lodges of 
 Free Masons, Odd Fellows, Sons of Temperance, political organizations, 
 debating societies, fire departments, public schools, oldest inhabitants. 
 There are stones from Braddock's Field, the Battlefield of Long Island, 
 
 THE SHERMAN MONUMENT. 
 
 37 
 
38 
 
 Washington the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 
 
 Otter's Siimmii (Virginias' loftiest peak), the ruins of Carthage, the 
 Temple of ^sculapius — Isle of Paros, Vesuvius, the Alexandrian 
 Library in Egypt, the Tomb of Napoleon at St. Helena, the Parthenon, 
 the Chapel of William Tell. Other foreign countries -epresented are 
 Turkey, Japan, China, Siam, Brazil and the Cherokee Nation. On the 
 aluminum tip is inscribed "Laus Deo." At the height of 504-ft the 
 walls are pierced with eight port-openings or windows, two in each face, 
 which afford extensive views on every side. The Potomac may be fol- 
 lov/ed for miles, and on a clear day one may discern in* the west the 
 mountains of the Blue' Ridge in Virginia. 
 
 The Lincoln Memorial is (1918) in course of construction in Potomac 
 Park, on a site which is on the axis of the Capitol, the IMonument, and 
 the proposed Washington-Arlington bridge. The design, by Henry- 
 Bacon, is a rectangular structure of white marble, surrounded by Doric 
 columns forty feet in height. There are thirty-six columns, representing 
 the States constituting the Union at the time of Lincoln's death. Within 
 will be a statue of l^incoln by Daniel C. French; and monumental 
 tablets will contain in bronze letters the Second Inaugural, and the 
 Gettysburg Address. 
 

 r 
 
 THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 
 
THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
 
 AND NATIONAL MUSEUM 
 
 The Three Buildings occupied by the Smithsonian Institution and 
 National J\[useum are situated on the Smithsonian grounds — that part 
 of the Mall bounded by B street N. W., B street S. W., and Seventh 
 and Twelfth streets. The Smithsonian Institution was established by 
 Congress in 1846 through the generosity of James Smithson, an English- 
 man, who, in 1829, bequeathed his entire property "to the United 
 States of America to found at Washington, under the name of the 
 Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion 
 of knowledge among men," The Institution stimulates and encourages 
 scientific investigation and study in various departments of knowledge, 
 and carries on explorations and researches in different parts of the. 
 world. The Smithsonian building is constructed of reddish brown 
 sandstone; it is 447 by 160 feet, and the highest of its nine towers is 
 145 feet. The old JMuseum building is 325ft. square, covering two and 
 one-third acres. The new National Museum, erected at a cost of 
 $3,500,000, is of white granite, four stories high, with a frontage of 561 
 feet, a depth 01 365 feet. It houses the collections and laboratories of 
 natural histor)% includmg geology, ethnology and archaeology, and tem- 
 
 THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 
 40 
 
Washington the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 41 
 
 THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
 
 porarily are here the paintings belonging to the National Gallery of Art. 
 The National Museum, whose collections now embrace several 
 millions of specimens, is the depository of "all objects of art and of 
 foreign and curious research, and of objects of natural history, plants 
 and geological and mineralogical specimens belonging to the United 
 States" The greater part of the zoological and botanical collections 
 consists of material gathered by scientific bureaus of the Government 
 and by expeditions under governmental auspices. The collections of 
 all groups of animals are among the largest and most valuable to be 
 found in any museum. The Herbarium comprises about a million 
 
 THE 
 
 NATIONAL MUSEUM (OLD BUILDING). 
 
42 
 
 Washingiov. the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT BUILDING. 
 
 specimens. The exhibits in archjeology illustrate early man in various 
 countries, principally in America, including models of cliff-houses, 
 pueblo ruins, Mexican temples and sculpture. Of special interest are 
 the life-like groups of lay figures, models of villages, the Catlin Indian 
 Gallery, and the totem poles from the Northwest. Technological ex- 
 hibits illustrate the history of various inventions, such as the telegraph, 
 telephone, sewing machine, cotton gin, weapons, flying machines and 
 transportation. The original "John Bull" locomotive, the first auto- 
 mobile, the Morse telegraph instruments, and the' Langley flying 
 machines are e>,hibited. The historical collections contain personal 
 relics and memorials of many of the Presidents and of scores of states- 
 men, soldiers and others who have had a conspicuous part in the history of 
 the country and the advancement of civilization. Among those of 
 greatest popular interest are the Washington and Grant relics. A 
 series of lay figures displays in artistic manner the actual costumes of 
 the ladies of the White House, beginning with !\lrs. Washington. A 
 cherished relic is the original flag which floated over Fort McHenry 
 and inspired Key when he wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner." 
 
 The National Gallery of Apt contains the Harriet Lane Johnston and 
 William T. Evans collections. It also possesses a number of paintings 
 from other sources, and has many loans constantly on exhibition. 
 
 The Department of Agriculture buildings are in the IMall, a short dis- 
 tance west of the Smithsonian. In the museum will be found an interest- 
 ing display of various agricultural products, illustrating their growth 
 and industrial and commercial treatment. 
 
PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE 
 
 Pennsylvania Avenue is the historic street of Washington. It is one 
 of the famous streets of the world. Seen from the Treasury it is a 
 broad way, i6o feet in width, extending in a straight course to the foot 
 of Capitol Hill; and beyond, the vista is closed by the Dome of the 
 Capitol. Connecting the White House and the Capitol, the Avenue is the 
 route of the Inaugural procession. It has been the scene of countless 
 parades and reviews. The most memorable of these was the mustering 
 out of the Union forces in Aiay, 1865, when for two days, the Army of 
 the Potomiac through the first day and the Army of the Mississippi 
 through the second, 250,000 in all, the marching hosts filed past the re- 
 viewing stand, to break ranks, lay down their arms and return to their 
 homes. Fifty years afterward, in 1915, Washington witnessed another 
 heart-moving spectacle, when the Grand Army of the Republic gathered 
 in reunion here, and the old soldiers, 10,000 strong, again passed down 
 the Avenue which had seen their triumphal progress in '65. With these 
 events of the past in memor3'-, one's imagination kindles at the thought 
 of Pennsylvania Avenue reviews the future holds in store, when the 
 boys come back from France. 
 
 The public buildings on the Avenue or set in grounds skirted by it 
 comprise the Library, Capitol, House Office Building, Post-Office De- 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE REVIEW OF MAY, 1865. 
 From a photce-aph by Handy. 
 
 43 
 
44 
 
 Washington the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 THE PEACE MONUMENT. 
 
 By Franklin Simmnns. Provided by meiTil)ers of the Navy. "In memory of the 
 Officers, Seamen and Marines of tlie United States Navy who fell in defense of the 
 Union and Liberty of their Country. 1861-1865." The figures are of America weeping; 
 History with record tablet; '-They died that their country might live"; Victory with 
 laurel wreath, and Peace with olive branch. 
 
 partmeiit, Municipal Buildinef, Treasury, White House, State, War and 
 Navy, Department of Commerce, and Tnter-State Commerce Commission. 
 The Avenue is adorned with monuments and statues. At the foot of 
 Capitol Hill is the Peace monument fto commemorate the peace of 
 1865), and nearhv is the Grant monument. At Seventh street are the 
 G. A. R. memorial and the statue of Hancock: at Ninth street is the 
 statue of Rawlins; at Tenth that of Franklin; at Thirteenth of Pulaski. 
 
Washiiii^ton the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 45 
 
 THE LAFAYETTE MEMORIAL. 
 
 By the French sculptors Falquiere and Mercier. Provided hy Congress to commem- 
 orate the services of Lafayette and other French officers in the cause of the Colonies. 
 Lafayette is in the uniform of the Continental Army. America extends to him a 
 sword. The figures are of Rochambeau, Duportail, D'Estaing and De Grasse. 
 
 In the plaza of the Municipal Building is the statue of Alexander R. 
 Shepherd, to whom in large measure we owe the development of Wash- 
 ington as a place of beauty and charm. Beyond Fifteenth street is seen 
 the Sherman monument. At Lafayette Square are the Lafayette and 
 Rochambeau mnnur:ients. and the equestrian statue of Jackson. Still 
 further west is the Mills equestrian statue of Washington, 
 
46 
 
 Washington the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 THE MUNICIPAL' BUILDING. 
 
 The Municipal Building, or District Building, at 14th St., is the head- 
 quarters of the Government of the District of Columbia. The District 
 embraces an area of 69 square miles. Its affairs are administered by a 
 board of three commissioners, two civilians appointed by the President, 
 and one Array Engineer officer detailed by the Secretary of War. 
 
 
 ANDREW JACKSON — LAFAYETTE SQUARE, 
 
48 
 
 Washington the Heart of the Nation, 
 
 THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Post Office Department. — With its immense bulk and lofty tower ris- 
 ing 306 feet in air, the gray granite building of the Post Office Depart- 
 ment at nth street is a dominating feature of the Avenue. "It has 
 unique interest," says the Washington Standard Guide, "because here 
 is the heart of the one department with which each one of us is in close 
 and constant touch; and to the vast annual revenues of which, aggregat- 
 ing hundreds of millions, we contribute our mites when we send home 
 picture post-cards of this Washington building." In the interior court 
 hanr^s a National flag which measures 62^/ by 36 feet. 
 
THE UNION STATION 
 
 In the vast structure of the Union Station one finds at the very thresh- 
 old of the city an impressive example of the architecture which gives 
 character to Washington. The building is of magnificent proportions, 
 exceeding the Capitol in dimensions. The length is 760 feet, and the 
 width 343 feet. The exterior material is white granite from Bethel, Ver- 
 mont. The building was designed by Daniel H. Burnham, and is of 
 monumental character; the architect found his inspiration in the great 
 triumphal arches of Rome. The ]\lain Waiting Room is 220 x 130 feet in 
 area, with a height of 120 feet; the circular window in each end is 75 feet in 
 diameter. The Passenger Concourse, 760 feet in length, is the largest 
 room in the world under one roof. An army of 50,000 men could stand 
 on its floor. At the southern end of the concourse, an arched doorway 
 leads to the President's private waiting room. The Pennsylvania Rail- 
 road and the Southern Railway and other roads from the South reach 
 the new station through tvvin tunne's piercing Capitol Hill. In the plaza 
 in front of the station is the Columbus fountain. 
 
 The City Post-Office is west of the Union Station. The building is 
 of white marble, and cost $3,000,000. Above the entrances are these 
 
 UNION STATION CONCOURSE. 
 49 
 
50 
 
 IVashingtoii the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 UNION STATION WAITING ROOM. 
 
 characterizations of the mail service : "Carrier of news and knowledge, 
 instrument of trade and industry, promoter of mutual acquaintance, of 
 peace and good-will among men and nations." "]\Iessenger of sympathy 
 and love, servant of parted friends, consoler of the lonely, bond of the 
 scattered family, enlarger of common life." 
 
 i 1 i i 
 
 i i I i i 
 
 THE CITY POST-OFFICE, 
 
HERE AND THERE IN WASHINGTON 
 
 The Government Printing Office is at North Capitol and G streets. 
 Government publications are printed here. It is the largest printing office 
 in the world. Visitors are escorted from lo to 12 A. AI., and i to 2 P. M. 
 The tour takes from one to two hours. The building is closed to 
 visitors at 2 P. M. 
 
 In the Navy Yard the Museum is shaded by a willow tree which was 
 grown from a slip from one of the trees over the grave of Napoleon at 
 St. Helena; it was brought home by Commodore Bainbridge and planted 
 here. The Aluseum contains a collection of relics and of specimens 
 illustrating different classes of ordnance, projectiles and naval equip- 
 ments. On the grounds are many relics and trophies — guns captured by 
 Decatur from Algiers and Tripoli, and taken in the wars of the Revolu- 
 tion, 1812, Mexican and Civil. 
 
 The Marine Band provides the music at all White House functions. 
 During June, July, August and September, it gives concerts on Wednes- 
 day at the Capitol, Thursday at the Marine Barracks, and Saturday 
 at the White House, beginning an hour and a half before sunset. 
 
 The Naval Observatory, on the heights north of Georgetown, is con- 
 ducted by the Bureau of Navigation. It has a 26-inch telescope. 
 
 The Pension Office is in Judiciary Square at F and Fourth streets. 
 The red brick building is 200 by 400 feet. Around the outer wall runs a 
 
 THE government PRINTING OFFICE. 
 52 
 
Washington the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 53 
 
 THE PENSION BUREAU. 
 
 terra-cotta frieze depicting the several branches of the service on march 
 and reminiscent of scenes of the Civil War. Within is one vast court, 
 75 feet in height, unbroken to the roof of iron and glass. Here is 
 conducted the business of the Pension Bureau. The files contain hun- 
 dreds of thousands of documents relating to the individual pensioners. 
 
 The Department of the Interior building, at F, G, 7th and 9th streets, 
 is popularly called the Patent Ofiice. The F street front has a portico of 
 Doric columns, after those of the Parthenon. One visits the building 
 only on business. The patent models have been dispersed to the National 
 iMuseum and other places. The new home of the Department of the 
 Interior is in a modern office building at i8th and F streets. 
 
 Societies.^ — Grand Army of the Republic — 1412 Pennsylvania avenue. 
 INIasonic Temple — 13th and N. Y. avenue. Scottish Rite Temple— i6th 
 and S. Odd Fellows' Hall — 7th, between D and E. Scientific Societies 
 have headquarters at 1518 H, home of the Cosmos Club. 
 
 The Temple of the Scottish Rite, at i6th and S streets, is the national 
 home of the Supreme Council of the Southern Jurisdiction of the Scot- 
 tish Rite in America. 
 
 Cemeteries. — The' Congressional Cemetery, on the Eastern Branch 
 north of the Navy Yard, contains graves of members of Congress, offi- 
 cers of the Army ayd other public men. In Oak Hill, on Georgetown 
 Heights, is the grave of John Howard Payne, author of "Home, Sweet 
 Home." In Rock Creek Cemetery, near the Soldiers' Home, are the 
 
54 
 
 Washijio^toj} the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 THE PATENT OFFICE. 
 
 bronze statues Memory by Partridge, and tlie unnamed statue by Saint 
 Gaudens at the grave of Mrs. Henry Adams. 
 The Arlington Wireless Towers of the Naval Radio Station are be- 
 
 
 THE NEW HOME OF THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. 
 
Washington the Heart of the Nation, 
 
 55 
 
 THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. 
 
 yoncl the Potomac, on tlie Virginia heights, near the Arlington Ceme- 
 tery. There are three tovvers, one 600 feet in height (800 from the sur- 
 face of the river), the others 450 feet. This is the most powerful wire- 
 less station in the world. Communication is had with jNIare Island, Key 
 West, U. S. Stations in the West Indies, and with the Eiffel Tower in 
 Paris. At 10 o'clock every night the Washington time is Hashed north, 
 south, east and west, over the country by the Arlington wireless. 
 
 Fort Myer, on the heights of Virginia, opposite Washington, is the 
 most important Army post near Washington. The route is by Wash- 
 ington-Virginia Railway from 12th street and Pennsylvania avenue. 
 
 Georgetown. — Georgetown, three miles west from the Capitol, is 
 reached by the Pennsylvania avenr.e or F street cars. The city antedates 
 the founding- of Washington and is the seat of Georgetown College. 
 
 The Soldiers' Home, on the heights two miles north of the Capitol, 
 
S6 
 
 VVashiiigton iJic Heart of the Nation. 
 
 THE SCOTT BUTT.mNG — SOT.DTRRS HOME. 
 
 was established in 1851 for the benefit of men honorably discharged 
 from the regular army after twenty years of service or disabled b}'- 
 wounds or disease. The Home was suggested by General Winfield 
 Scott and was established through his efforts. The Scott Building 
 with its Norman tower was named for him as founder, and in the 
 grounds is a bronze statue of him by Launt Thompson. Othe; build- 
 ings of the group are named for General Philip H. Sheridan, General 
 William T. Sherman, and Surgeon B. King, who " was stationed here. 
 The Anderson building, named for General Robert Anderson (the 
 Colonel Anderson of Fort Sumter fame) is also known as the Presi- 
 dent's Cottage, because several of the Presidents have spent the sum- 
 mer months here. Near the chapel is a memorial of "Henry Wilson, the 
 Soldiers' Friend."' In the National Cemetery adjoining the grounds are 
 the monument erected by the soldiers of the Home to the memory of 
 General John C. Kelton, Governor in 1892-93, and the tomb of Major- 
 General John A. Logan. The headstones of the soldier graves number 
 nearly 8,000. 
 
 The Home is set in a park of natural loveliness, the grounds compris- 
 ing more than 500 acres of diversified lawn, slope and ravine, adorned 
 with majestic trees of the primitive forest growth. The elevated situa- 
 tion gives many extensive views, among them a vista through which is 
 seen the Capitol. 
 
IVashington the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 57 
 
 The Oldroyd Lincoln IMuseum.— 
 No. 516 Tenth street, between E and F, f 
 is the house in which Abraham Lincohi 
 died, April 15, 1865. Across the way is 
 the building (now a warehouse), which 
 was Ford's Theater, the scene of the 
 assassination. In the Lincoln House is 
 preserved the verj' remarkable collection 
 of Lincoln relics and memorials brought 
 together by O. PL Oldroyd. The 
 museum is open during the da}^ and 
 evening. A small fee is charged. 
 
 The National Botanical Garden is at 
 the foot of Capitol Hill. Here are rare 
 specimens of vegetation from all over 
 the world, many of them brought hoine 
 from distant lands by vessels of the 
 Navy. An adornment of the grounds is 
 the Bartholdi Fountain, the work of the 
 French sculptor who designed the 
 Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor. 
 The Grant INlemorial is building here. 
 
 The Civil Service Commission, at 1724 F street N. W., is the headquar- 
 ters of the Civil Service Commission of the United States. 
 
 LINCOLN MUSEUM. 
 
 THOMAS CIRCLE. 
 
McCIellan 
 
 Thomas 
 
 Logan Washington 
 
 STATUES AND MONUMENTS. 
 
 Barry — Franklin Park. Bntt — Alall south of White House. Columbus — 
 Union Station Plaza. Daguerre — Smithsonian grounds. Dupont — Dupont 
 Circle. Farragut — Farragut Square. Franklin — Penn. Ave., loth and D 
 Sts. G. A. R. Memorial — Penn. Ave. and 7th St. Garfield — INIaryland 
 avenue entrance to Capitol grounds. Grant — On site of Botanical Gar- 
 dens. Greene — Stanton Square. Gross — Smithsonian grounds. Hahne- 
 mann — Scott Circle. Hancock — Penn. Ave. and 7th. Flenry — Smith- 
 sonian grounds. Jackson — Lafayette Square. Jones — Potomac Park. 
 Kosciuszko — Lafayette Square. Lafayette — Lafayette Square and Penn- 
 sylvania avenue. Lincoln — (i) Fourth and D; (2) Lincoln Park; (3) 
 Lincoln ]\Iemorial, west of the Washington Monument. Logan — Iowa 
 Circle. Longfellow — Connecticut avenue and jM street. Luther — 
 Thomas Circle. JNlcClellan — Conn. Ave. and N St. McPherson — Mc- 
 Pherson Square. Marshall^ — Capitol, west terrace. Millett — AJall south 
 of White Flouse. Naval Monument, or Monunient of Peace — Penn. Ave. 
 foot of Capitol Hill. Pike — Lidiana avenue and Third street. Pulaski — • 
 Penn. Ave. and i3th St. Rawlins — Penn. and La. Aves. and gth St. 
 Rochambeau — ^Lafayette Square. Scott — (i) Scott Square; (2) Soldiers' 
 Flome grounds. Sheridan — Sheridan Square. Shepherd — Plaza of 
 Municipal Building. Sherman — South of Treasury. Steuben — Lafayette 
 Square. Thomas — Thomas Circle. Washington — Washington Circle. 
 Webster — Scott Circle. VVitherspoon — Conn. Ave. and i8th street. 
 
 C.vcuc 
 
 Sherman 
 
 Pulaski 
 
ARLINGTON 
 
 The Arlington National Cemetery is in \'irginia, on the heights of the 
 Potomac opposite VVashinglon. The route is by the Washington-Vir- 
 ginia Railway. The place is so much a part of Washington, and so 
 significant a part, that we should not fail to visit it. 
 
 Arlington House, buiit in 1802, was the home of George Washington 
 Parke Custis, and afterward of Robert E. Lee. It is sometimes called the 
 Custis-Lee Alansion. During the Civil War it was a hospital, and the 
 Arlington estate was taken over by the Government for a national 
 cemetery. The grounds are of great natural beauty. There are broad 
 levels, gentle slopes and ravines, and ancient trees which give an air of 
 solemnity to the scene. All the natural conditions at Arlington make it 
 a fitting p!ace for the repose of the nation's dead; and it has been 
 developed and beautified by landscape art, and adorned with impressive 
 memorials of stone Lnd bronze. On the monuments and the headstones 
 we shall find namc3 representing the soldier dead of all our wars. 
 
 Entering by the Tort ]\lyer gate, v/e come to the section containing 
 the graves of officers of the Civil War and earlier conflicts — Meigs, 
 Belknap, Burns, Harney. Hazen, Kirk, Lyford, Paul, Plummer, Ricketts, 
 Shelby, Stedman, Van Dachenhausen. 
 
 Passing the sylvan temple, where the Memorial Day services have been 
 held for a half-century, we come to Arlington House, whose portico com- 
 
 ARLINGTON house and SHERIDAN IMONUMENT. 
 50 
 
6o 
 
 VVashincjon the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 mands a view of the Potomac and Washington. In the hall we linger 
 to re-read the Gettysburg Address, here lettered in bronze. The eloquent 
 sentences take on a new meaning amid these surroundings. On the slope 
 in front of the house are the graves of Porter and Sheridan, and not far 
 away those of Baxter, Berdan and Crook. South of the house is the 
 Temple of Fame, bearing the names of Washington, Lincoln, Grant and 
 Farragut; and of Thomas, Meade, McPherson, Sedgwick, Reynolds, 
 Humphreys, Garfield and Mansfield. The Monument of the Unknown 
 Dead marks the common resting place of 2.1 ii unidentified soldiers who 
 died on the battlefields of the Civil War. On the level plain of the Field 
 of the Dead the long lines of headstones, rank after rank in orderly 
 array, mark the graves of 16,000, whose names are on the Roll of Honor 
 preserved in the War Department. A tall granite monument rises in the 
 section where lie those who died in the Spanish and Philippine wars; 
 and there are here also the anchor and the mast of the ]\Iaine, to com- 
 memorate those who perished in Havana Harbor. From the West 
 Indies, the Pacific Islands and other foreign lands the dead who died in 
 the service of the country have been brought home — as yet others will 
 be brought from France— to sleep here in Arlington, close to the heart 
 of the nation to which they gave their lives. It was such returning to 
 the United States lor burial in their native land of Kentucky soldiers 
 killed in the Mexican War, that inspired O'Hara's elegiac, the "Bivouac 
 of the Dead," which is inscribed on tablets in the Arlington grounds. 
 
 East of the ?\Iaine Memorial is the new marble amphitheater provided 
 by Congress at the instance of the Grand Army of the Republic, as an 
 
 THE MEMORIAL AMPHITHEATER, 
 
IVashiiigtoii the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 6i 
 
 t::e field of the dead. 
 
 enduring memorial of the heroic dead, and a suitable assembly place for 
 the thousands in attendance on Decoration Day, The building has seat- 
 ing capacity for 5,000 people in the amphitheater and for several thousand 
 more in the colonnades, and there is room for additional hundreds on 
 the stage. The amphitheater is turfed and open to the sky. 
 
 THE BIVOUAC OF THE DEAD. 
 
 The muffled drum's sad roll has beat 
 
 The soldier's last tattoo; 
 No more on Life's parade shall meet 
 
 That brave and fallen few. 
 
 On Fame's eternal camping-ground 
 Their silent tents are spread. 
 
 And Glory guards, with solemn round. 
 The bivouac of the dead. 
 
 No rumor of the foe's advance 
 Now swells upon the wind; 
 
 No troubled thought at midnight haunts 
 Of loved ones left behind. 
 
 No vision of the morrow's strife 
 The warrior's dream alarms. 
 
 No brayir.g horn or screaming fife 
 At dawn shall call to arms. 
 
 The neighing troop, the flashing blade. 
 
 The bugle's stirring blast. 
 The charge, the dreadful cannonade. 
 
 The din and shout are past. 
 
 Rest on, embalmed and sainted dead ! 
 
 Dear as the blood you gave! 
 No impious footsteps here shall tread 
 
 The herbage of your grave. 
 
 Nor shall your glory be forgot 
 While Fame her record keeps. 
 
 Or Honor points the hallowed spot 
 Where Valor proudly sleeps. 
 
 Nor wreck, nor change, nor winter's blight, 
 Nor Time's remorseless doom. 
 
 Shall dim one ray of holy hght 
 That gilds your glorious tomb. 
 
MOUNT VERNON 
 
 Mount Vernon, tlie Home of Washington, is on the Virginia shore of 
 the Potomac, sixteen miles south of Washington. It is open to visitors 
 daily except Sunday. An admission fee of 25 cents is charged. The 
 all-rail route is by the Washington-Virginia Railway (trolley) from 
 station, 12th street and Pennsylvania avenue. The all-water route is 
 by the steamer Charles Macalester. from wharf foot of 7th street, S. W. 
 
 The Mansion occupies a beautiful site overlooking the river. It is 
 96 by 30 feet, has two stories and an attic with dormer windows; the 
 roof is surmounted by a cupola. The front piazza is 15ft. deep and 25ft. 
 high; the floor is tiled with flags from the Isle of Weight. Two kitchens 
 are connected with the central building by colonnades. In front are 
 lawns, with a deer park below; in the rear are lawns, gardens and 
 orchards. The house was built in 1743 by Lawrence, half-brother of 
 George Washington. It was named Mount Vernon in honor of Admiral 
 Vernon, under whom Lawrence had served in the West Indies. Wash- 
 ington inherited the estate, and came to live here soon after his marriage 
 in 1759. Here he conducted his farm until called to the field; he re- 
 turned after Yorktown, and again after his terms as President, and lived 
 here as a private citizen until his death in 1799. 
 
 When in 1855 John Augustine Washington ofifered the estate for sale, 
 a patriotic daughter of South Carolina. Ann Pamela Cunningham, re- 
 solved to save the home as a permanent shrine of patriotism, and devoted 
 herself to the task of raising the requisite sum of $200,000. In 1858 the 
 Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union was organized, with 
 Miss Cunningham as Regent, and Vice-Regents representing twelve 
 States. Tlnough its agency and with the co-operation of many patriotic 
 people, the amount was secured, and in i860 the Association acquired 
 ownership. The estate, which had fallen into a condition of neglect and 
 partial ruin, has been restored by the Association; furnishings originally 
 here and others of like character and dating from Washington's time, 
 have been brought here, and the constant eft'ort has been to make the 
 Mount Vernon of to-daj'- as closely as possible Mount Vernon as Wash- 
 ington knew it. The several rooms have been assigned to the care of the 
 Regents. The arms of the States are displayed in the respective rooms. 
 We note some of the objects: 
 
 IMatn Hall. — Key of the Bastile sent to Washington by Lafayette. 
 Fac-simile of Lafayette's Agreement to Serve in the American Army 
 with the rank of Major-General. Three of Washington's swords. 
 
 East Parlor, or Music Room. — Harpsichord, imported from London, 
 as bridal present from Washington to Nellie Custis. Washington's flute. 
 
 In thi: West Parlor the oainting of Vernon's Fleet is one the Admiral 
 presented to Lawrence Washington. The family arms are displayed 
 here. The rug was made by o'-der of Louis XVT. for Washington. 
 
 62 
 
64 
 
 Washington, the Nation s Capital. 
 
 GEORGE WASHINGTON. 
 
 By Healey, after the Stuart portrait in the Corcoran Gallery of Art. (From a 
 
 Thistle Print, copyright, Detroit Publishing Co.) 
 
 In the Library the books are not those owned by Washington; they 
 are for the most part duplicates of such as were here in his day. In 
 the bookcase is Washington's silver inkstand, with silver snuffers and 
 tray. Among other relics are chairs, surveyor's tripod, and globe. 
 
 In the Family Dining Room the sideboard belonged to Washington. 
 The china in the cupboard is a reproduction of the set presented to 
 ]\Irs. Washington by the officers of the French fleet in 1792. 
 
 In Mrs. Washington's Sitting Room are four prints which hung here 
 in Washington's day — The Siege, two of The Defense, and the Relief of 
 Gibraltar. There is a portrait of Miss Cunningham. 
 
 In the Banquet Hall, the mantelpiece was presented to Washington 
 by Samuel Vaughan. The sideboard contains IMartha Washington's fan 
 exquisitely carved and painted, and dress goods worn by her. 
 
 The Upper Rooms. — In the Upper Hall the cabinet contains several 
 relics of Washington. The Room in which Washington Died is the 
 
Washington the Heart of the Nation. 
 
 65 
 
 THE TOMB OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 south bedroom. The furniture was used by Washington; the bedstead is 
 the one upon which he died, and on the chair at the moment of his death 
 lay the open Bible. The mahogany table was here. Mrs. Washington's 
 Room is in the attic. It was here that she died. jNIiss Custis's Room, 
 occupied by Eleanor Parke Custis, is quaintly furnished with high bed 
 reached by carpeted steps, antique mirror, and chest of drawers with 
 brass handles. Lafayette's Room was the one which the Marquis oc- 
 cupied when a guest here. The River Room contains a bedstead used by 
 Washington in Pennsylvania in 1777. In the Connecticut Room is an 
 old-fashioned fire screen. In the North Carolina Room the counterpane 
 is valued for its age of a hundred years and more. The English bedstead 
 in the Florida Room was brought to this country by way of Bermuda. 
 The mahogany chairs in the District of Columbia Room belonged 
 originally to Mount Vernon. The Rhode Island Room contains a table 
 upon which were spread out for discussion the plans of the battles of 
 Bunker Hill, Lexington and Concord. Tennessee's Room is furnished 
 in Colonial Style, with furniture made of Tennessee wild cherry. 
 
 In the Kitchen the crane still hangs in the fireplace, and there is a 
 brick oven. The outbuildings are butler's house, meat house, work- 
 house, ice-house, spinning-house, green-house, and barn. One should not 
 miss the Garden with the Mary Washington rose. The Sun-Dial, given 
 
66 
 
 Washington the Heart of the Nation, 
 
 CHRIST CHURCH. 
 
 by citizens of Rhoae island to replace the original, has for motto: 
 Horns non niuncro nisi screnas — "I record none but sunny hours," 
 
 The Tomb of Washington. — The path leads down the southern slope 
 past the old tomb to the plain brick structure which is the Tomb of 
 Washington. Above the entrance a marble panel bears the inscription, 
 ''Within tills inclosure rest 'tie remains of General George IVashington." 
 Above the door of the tomb are the words: '7 am tlie Resurreetion and 
 the Life. He that hclievelti in Me. ttiougli lie zvere dead, yet sliatt he live." 
 In the ante-chamber are the two marble sarcophagi. The one on 
 the right bears on its face the name of Washington, with chiseled coat- 
 of-arms of the United States and a draped flag. The other sarcophagus 
 is inscribed "AIartha, Consort of Washington, Died May 21, 1801, aged 
 71 years." The date should have read 1802. The tomb was constructed 
 in 1837. Within the vault rest forty members of the Washington, Custis 
 and related families. Nearby are monuments to the memory of some. 
 
 Alexandria, Va., midway between Washington and Mount Vernon 
 (stop-over privileges given), has man}'- associations with Washington 
 and his times. In Christ Church the Washington family pew remains 
 unchanged. The Carlyle House (built 1752) was the scene of many 
 events of Revolutionary times, in which Washington had part. In 
 the Washington-Alexandria Masonic Lodge, where Washington presided 
 as Master, are preserved his regalia and many other relics. 
 
 H 7A-79 
 

 
 
 
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