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 Chickasaw and Howard Counties 
 
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 BY W^. E. ALEXANDER 
 
 DECOaAH, IOWA: 
 Western Publishing Company. 
 . 1883. 
 
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PREFACE. 
 
 The object of this work is to place upon record in a reliable man- 
 ner and in a permanent form what ever incidents of importance may- 
 have transpired, within the limits of Howard and Chickasaw coun- 
 ties, since their first settlement. While the publisher does not 
 arrogate to himself a degree of accuracy beyond criticism, he 
 hopes to be found measureably correct, in the compilation, and ar- 
 rano-ement, of the almost immeasurable incidents that have been 
 swallowed up in the past, and that enter so largely into the pres- 
 ent of the community, in whose interest this volume is written. 
 
 Without the aid and assistance of the pioneers,or their immedi- 
 ate descendants, and numerous notes from their carefully written, 
 and well preserved diaries, the task would have been far more 
 arduous and difficult. To the patriarchs of the past, who have so 
 favored us; as well as to the representative men of the present we 
 tender our grateful acknowledgement. Among those we take 
 especial pleasure in mentioning are J. H. Powers, Jos. F. Grawe, 
 B. A. Billino-s, L. E. Smith, W. R. Mead and John E. Peck, whose 
 retentive memories, and carefully preserved newspaper files and 
 general records, have added largely to whatever of interest may be 
 found in this volume. 
 
 The undertaking of the publisher completed, it only remains to 
 tender to the people of Howard and Chickasaw counties in gene- 
 ral his obligations and acknowledgement, for the uniform kind- 
 ness and courtesy extended to him and his representatives and 
 agents, during the preparation of these annals, as well as for their 
 liberal patronage, without which this history would have been left 
 buried beneath the debris of time, unwritten and unprepared. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 W. E. ALEXANDER. 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 DISCOVERY AND OCCUPATION. 
 
 The name Iowa is said to signify "The Beautiful Land," and 
 was appHed to this magnificent and fruitful region by its ancient 
 owners, to express their appreciation of its superiority of climate, 
 soil and location. Prior to 1803, the Mississiijpi River was the 
 extreme western boundary of the United States. All the great 
 Empire lying west of the "Father of Waters," from the Gulf of 
 Mexico on the south, to British America on the north, an(f west- 
 w^ard to the Pacific Ocean, was a Spanish province. A brief his- 
 torical sketch of the discovery and occupation of this great em- 
 pire by the Spanish and French governments will be a fitting in- 
 troduction to the young and thriving state of Iowa, which, until 
 the commencement of the present century, was a part of the 
 Spanish possessions in America. 
 
 Early in the spring of 1-^ 2, Ferdinand DeSoto discovered the 
 mouth of the Mississii^pi River at the mouth of the Washita. 
 After the sudden death of DeSoto, in May, of the same year, his 
 followers l^uilt a small vessel, and in July, 1543, descended the 
 great river to the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 In accordance with the usage of nations, under wliicli title to 
 the soil was claimed by right of discovery, Spain, having con- 
 quered Florida and discovered the Mississippi, claimed all the ter- 
 ritory bordering on that river and the Gulf of Mexico. But it 
 was also held by the European nations that, discovery gave title, 
 that title must be, perfected by actual possession and occupation. 
 Although Spain claimed the territory by right of first discovery, 
 she made no effort to occupy it ; by no permanent settlement had 
 she perfected and held lier title, and therefore had forfeited it 
 when, at a later period, the Lower Mississippi Valley was re-dis- 
 covered and occupied by France. 
 
 The labors of the zealous French Jesuits of Canada in pene- 
 trating the unknown rigion of the West, commencing in 1611, 
 form a history of no ordinary interest, but have no particular con- 
 nection with the scope of the present w^ork, until in the fall of 1665. 
 Pierre Claude Allouez, who had entered Lake Superior in Septem- 
 ber and sailed along the southern coast in search of cop])er, had 
 arrived at the great village of the Chippewas at Chegoincegon. 
 Here a grand council of some ten or twelve of the princii)al Indian 
 nations was held. The Pottawatomies of Lake Michigan, and Sacs 
 and Foxes of the West, the Hurons from the North, the Illinois 
 
10 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 from the South, and the Sioux from the land of prairie and wild 
 rice, were all assembled there. The Illinois told the story of their 
 Ancient glory, and about the noble river on the banks of which 
 they dwelt. The Sioux also told their white brother of the same 
 great river, and Allouez i^romised to the assembled tribes the 
 protection of the French nation against all their enemies, native or 
 foreign. 
 
 The purpoi^ of discovering the great river about which the In- 
 dian nations liad given such glowing accounts, appears to have 
 originated with Marquette, in 1669. In the year previous, he and 
 Claude Dablon had established the Mission of St. Mary's, the old- 
 est white settlement within the present limits of the state of Mich- 
 igan. Marquette was dela3^ed in the execution of his great under- 
 taking, and spent the interval in studying the language and hab- 
 its of the Illinois Indians, among whom he expected to travel. 
 
 Alx)ut this time the French government had determined to ex- 
 tendThe Dominion of France to the extreme western borders of 
 Canada. Nicholas Perrott was sent as the agent of the govern- 
 ment to propose a grand council of the Indian nation, at St. 
 Mary's. 
 
 When Perrot reached Green Bay, he extended the invitation 
 far and near ; and, escorted by Pottawatomies, repaired on a mis- 
 sion of peace and friendship to the Miamis, who occupied the re- 
 gion about the present location of Chicago. 
 
 In May, 1671, a great council of Indians gathered at the Falls 
 of St. Mary, fr-om all parts of the northwest, from the head waters 
 of the St. Lawrence, from the valley of the Mississippi and from 
 the Red River of the North. Perrot met with them, and after 
 grave consultation, formally announced lo the asseml^led nations 
 that their good French Father felt an abiding interest in their wel- 
 fare, and had placed them all under the powerful protection of the 
 French Government. 
 
 Marquette, during that same year had gathered at Point St. 
 Ignace the remnants of one branch of the Hurons. This station, 
 for a long series of years, was considered the kev to the unknown 
 West. 
 
 The time was now auspicious for the consummation of Mar- 
 quette's grand project. The successful termination of Perrott's 
 mission, and the general friendliness of the native tribes, rendered 
 the contemplated expedition much less perilous. But it was not 
 until 1673 that the intrepid and enthusiastic priest Avas finally 
 ready to depart on his daring and perilous journey to lands never 
 trod by white men. Having implored the blessing of God upon 
 his undertaking, on the 13th day of May, 1673, with Joliet and 
 five Canadian-French voyageurs, or ]:)oatmen, he left the mission 
 on his daring journey. Ascending Green Bay and Fox River, 
 these bold and enthusiastic pioneers of religion and discovery pro- 
 ceeded until they reached a Miami and Kickapoo village, where 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 11 
 
 Marquette was delighted to lind a "beautiful cross planted in the 
 middle of the town, ornamented with white skins, red girdles and 
 bows and arrows, which these good people had offered to the Great 
 Manitou, or God, to thank Him for the pity He had bestowed on 
 them during the winter, in having given them abundant chase." 
 This was the extreme point beyond which the explorations of the 
 French missionaries had not then extended. He called together 
 the principal men of the village, and informed them that his com- 
 panion, Joliet, had been sent by the French Governor of Canada 
 to discover new countries, to be added to the dominion of France ; 
 but that he, himself, had been sent by the Most High God, to 
 carry the glorious religion of the Cross ; and assured his wonder- 
 ing hearers that on this mission he had no fear of death, to which 
 he knew he would be expos^ed on his perilous journey. 
 
 Obtaining the services of two Miami guides, to conduct his 
 little band to the Wisconsin River, he left the hospitable Indians 
 on the 10th of June. Conducting them across the portage, their 
 Indian guides returned to their village, and the little party de- 
 scended the Wisconsin, to the great river which had so long been 
 so anxiously looked for, and boldly floated down its unknown 
 waters. 
 
 On the 25th of June, the explorers discovered indications of In- 
 dians on the west bank of the river, and landed a little above the 
 mouth of the river now known as Des Moines, and for the first 
 time European trod the soil of Iowa. Leaving the Canadians to 
 guard the canoe, Marquette and Joliet boldly followed the trail in- 
 to the interior for fourteen miles (some authorities say six), to an 
 Indian ^dllage situated on the banks of a river, and discovered 
 two other villages, on the rising ground about a half a league dis- 
 tant. Their visit, while it created much astonishment, did not 
 seem to be entirely iHiexpected, for there was a tradition or 
 prophec}^ among the Indians that white visitors were to come to 
 them. They were, therefore, received with great respect and hos- 
 pitality, and were cordially tendered the calumet or i^ipe of peace. 
 They were informed that this band was a part of the Illini nation, 
 and that their village was called Monin-gou-ma or Moingona, 
 which was the name of the river on it stood. This from its simi- 
 larity of sound, Marquette corrupted into Des Moines (Monk's 
 River) its present name. 
 
 Here the voyagers remained six days, learning much of the 
 manners and customs of their new friands. The new religion 
 they boldly preached, and the authority of the King of France 
 they proclaimed were received Avitho'ut hostilit}^ or remonstrance 
 by their savage entertainers. On their departure, they were ac- 
 companied to their canoes by the chiefs and hundreds of warriors. 
 Marquette received from them tlie sacred calumet, the emblem of 
 peace and safeguard among the nations, and re-embarked for the 
 rest of their journey. 
 
12 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 In 1682, TjaSalle deBcended tlie Mississip])! to the Gulf of Mex- 
 ico, and in tlie name of the King of France took formal possession 
 of all the immense region watered by the great river an(l its tribu- 
 taries from its source to its mouth, and named it Louisiana, in 
 honor of his master, I.ouis XIV. At the close of the seventeenth 
 century, France claimed, by right of discovery and occupancy, the 
 whole valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries, including Texas, 
 as far as the Kio del Norte. 
 
 In 1719, Philli])e Francis Renault arrived in Illinois with two 
 hundred miners and artisans. Tlie war between France and Hpain 
 at this time rendered it extremely probable that the Mississippi 
 Valley might become the theater of S])anish hostilities against the 
 French settlements ; to prevent-this, as ^^'ell as to extend French 
 claims, a chain of forts was begun, to keej) oi)en the connection 
 between the mouth and the source of the JNlississippi. Fort Or- 
 leans, high up the IVIissouri River, Avas l)uilt as an outpost in 1720. 
 
 The ]Viississi])i)i scheme was at the zeriith of its power and glory 
 in January, 1720, but the gigantic bu])ble collajised more suddenly 
 than it had lieen inflated, and the company was declared liope- 
 lessly bankrujit in INlay following. France was impoverished by 
 it, both private and public credit was overthrown, capitalists sutl- 
 denly found themselves paupers, and labor was left without em- 
 ployment. The efiect on the colony of Ijouisiana was A^ery dis- 
 astrous. 
 
 While this was going on in Lower Louisiana the region about 
 the lakes was the theater of Indian hostilities, rendering tli£ 
 passage from Canada to Louisiana extremely dangerous for maiiy 
 years. The Fnglish had not only extended their Indian trade in- 
 to the vicinity of the French settlement, ])ut through their friends, . 
 the Iroquois, had gained a marked ascendan{;y over the Foxes, a 
 fierce and })owerful tribe, of Iroquois descent, whom they incited 
 to hostilities against the French. The Foxes l)egan their hos- 
 tilities with the siege of Detroit, in 1712, a siege which continued 
 for nineteen consecutive days, and although the expedition re- 
 sulted in diminishing their numbers and hum})ling their pride, 
 yet it was not until after several successive cam])aigiis, cml)odying 
 the best military resources of New France, had been directed 
 against them, that they' were finally defeated at the great battles 
 of Butte des Morts, and on the Wisconsin river, and (h-iven west 
 in 1746. 
 
 The Company, having found that the cost of defending Louisi- 
 ana exceeded the returns from its commerce, solicited leave to sur- 
 render the Mississip]n wilderness to the home government. Ac- 
 cordingly, on the 10th of A]»ril, 1732, the jurisdiction and control 
 over the commerce reverted to the crown of France. The Com- 
 pany had held jxissession of Louisiana fourteen years. In 1725, 
 Bienville returned to assume eonnnand for the King. 
 
 A glance at a few of the old French settlement will show the 
 progress made in portions of Louisiana during tlie early part of 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 13 
 
 the eighteenth century. As early as 1705, traders and hunters had 
 penetrated the fertile regions of the Wabash, and from this region 
 at that early date, fifteen thousand hides and skins had been col- 
 lected and sent to Mobile for the European market. 
 
 In the year 171G, the French population on the Wabash kept up 
 a lucrative commerce with Mobile by means of traders and voyag- 
 eurs. The Ohio river was com]jaratively unknown. 
 
 In 1746, agriculture on the Wabash had attained to greater 
 prosperity than in any of the French settlements besides, and in 
 that year six hundred barrels of fiour Avere manufactured and 
 shipped to New Orleans, together with considerable quantities of 
 hay, peltry, tallow and beeswax. 
 
 In the Illinois country, also, considerable settlement had been 
 made, so that, in 1780, they embraced one hundred and forty 
 French families, about six hundred "converted Indians," and many 
 traders and voyageurs. 
 
 In 1758, the first actual conflict arose between Louisiana and 
 the Atlantic colonies. From the earliest advent of the Jesuit 
 fathers, up to the period of which we speak, the great ambition of 
 the French had been, not alone to preserve their possessions in the 
 West, but by every possible means to prevent the slightest attempt 
 of the English, east of the mountains, to extend their settlement 
 towards the Mississippi. France was resolved on retaining posses- 
 sion of the great territory which her missionaries had discovered 
 and revealed to the world. French commandants had avowed 
 their intention of seizing every Englishman within the Ohio 
 Valley. 
 
 The colonies of Pennsylvania, New York and Virginia were 
 most affected by the encroachments of France in the extension of 
 her dominion ; and particularly in the great scheme of uniting 
 Canada with Louisiana. To carry out this purpose the French 
 had taken i)OSsession of a tract of country claimed by Virginia, 
 and had commenced a line of .foi'ts extending from the lakes to the 
 Ohio River. Virginia was not only alive to her own interests, but 
 attentive to the vast importance of an immediate and effectual re- 
 sistance on the part of all the English colonies to the actual and 
 contemplated enrochments of the French. 
 
 In 1753, Governor Dinwiddle of Virginia, sent George Washing- 
 ton, then a young man, just twenty-one, to demand of the French 
 commandant "a reason for invading British Dominions while a 
 solid peace subsisted." Washington met the French commandant 
 Gardcur de St. Pierre, on the headwaters of the Alleghany, and 
 having communicated to him the object of his journey, received 
 the insolent answer that the French would not discuss the matter 
 of right, but would make prisoners of every Englishman found 
 trading on the Ohio and its waters. The country, he said, belong- 
 ed to the French, by virtue of the discoveries of LaSalle, and they 
 would not withdraw from it. 
 
14 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 In Jaiuiary, 17r)4, Washington returned to Virginia, and made 
 his report to the Governor and Council. Forces were at once rais- 
 ed, and Wasliington as Lieutenant Colonel, was dispatched at the 
 head of a hundred and fifty men, to the Forks of the Ohio, with 
 orders to "finish the fort already bagun there by the Ohio company, 
 and to make prisoners, kill or destroy all who interrupted the 
 English settlements." 
 
 On his march through the forests of Western Pennsylvania, 
 Washington, through the aid of friendly Indians, discovered the 
 French concealed among the rocks, and as they ran to seize their 
 arms, ordered his men to fire upon them, at the same time, with 
 his own musket, setting the example. An action lasting about a 
 quarter of an hour ensued ; teji of the Frenchmen were killed, 
 among them Jumonville, the commander of the i)arty, and twenty 
 one were made prisoners. The dead were scalped by the Indians, 
 and the chief, ])earing a tomahawk and a scalp, visited all the tribes 
 of the Miamis, urging them to join the Six Nations and the Eng- 
 lish against the French. The French, however, were soon re-en- 
 forced and Col. Washington was compelled to return to Fort Ne- 
 cessity. Here, on the od day of July, DeVilliers invested the fort 
 with 600 French troops and 100 Indians. On the 4th, Washing- 
 ton accepted terms of capitulation and the French garrison with- 
 drew from the valley of tlie Ohio. 
 
 This attack of Washington upon Jumonville aroused the indig- 
 nation of France, and war was formerly declared in May, 1756, 
 and the "French and Indian war" devastated the colonies for seve- 
 ral years. jNIontreal, Detroit, and all Canada were surrendered to 
 the English, aud on the 10th of February, 1763, by the treaty of 
 Paris — whicli had been signed, though not formerly ratified by 
 the respective governments, on the third of November, 1762 — 
 France relinquished to Great Britain all that portion of the prov- 
 ince of Louisiana lying on the east side of the. Mississippi, except 
 the Island and town of New Orleans. On the same day that the 
 treaty of Paris Avas signed, France, by a seg^-et treaty, ceded to 
 Spain all her possessions oh the west side of the Mississippi, includ- 
 ing the whole country to the headwaters of the Great River, 
 a«id west to the Rocky JNIountains, and the jurisdiction of 
 France in America, which had lasted nearly a century, was 
 ended. 
 
 At the close of the Revolutionary war, by the treaty of peace be- 
 tween Great Britain and the United States, the English govern- 
 ment ceded to the latter all the territory on the east side of the 
 Mississippi River, and north of the thirty-first parallel of north 
 latitude. At tlie same time Great Britain ceded to Spain all the 
 Floridas, comprising all the territory east of the Mississippi and 
 south of the southern limits of the United States. 
 
 At this time, therefore, the present State of Iowa was a part ot 
 the Spanish possessions in North America, as all the territorv west 
 
HJSTORY OF IOWA. 15 
 
 of the Mississippi River was under the dominion of Spain. . That 
 government also possessed all the territory of the Floridas east of 
 the great river and south of the thirty-first parallel of north lati- 
 tude. The Mississippi, therefore, so essential to the prosperity of 
 the western portion of the United States, for the last three hundred 
 miles of its oourse flowed wholly within the Spanish dominions, 
 and that government claimed the exclusive right to use 
 and control it below the southern boundary of the United 
 States. 
 
 The free navigation of the Mississi])pi was a very important 
 question during all the time that Louisiana remained a dependency 
 of the Spanish Crown, and as the final settlement intimately affect- 
 ed the status of the then future state of Iowa, it will be interesting 
 to trace its jjrogress. 
 
 The people of the United States occupied and exercised jurisdic- 
 tion over the entire eastern valley of the Mississippi, embracing all 
 .the countr}^ drained by its eastern tril)utaries ; they had a natural 
 right, according to the accepted international law, to follow these 
 rivers to the sea, and to the use of the Mississippi River accord- 
 ingly, as the great natural channel of commerce. The river was 
 not only necessary but absolutely indispensil^le to the prosperity 
 and growth of the western settlement then rapidly rising into com- 
 mercial and political importance. The}^ were situated in tlie heart 
 of the great valley, and with wonderful expansive energies and ac- 
 cumulating resources, it was very evident that no power on earth 
 could deprive them of the free use of the river below them, only 
 whiie their numbers were insufficient to enable them to maintain 
 their rights ]jy force. Inevitably, therefore, immediately after the 
 ratification of the treat}' in 1785, the western peoi:)le began to de- 
 mand the free navigation of the Mississippi — not as a favor, but as a 
 right. In 1786 ])f)th banks of the river, below the Ohio, were 
 occui)ietl Ijy Spain, and military posts on the east bank enforced 
 her j:)Ower to exact heavy duties on all imports by way of the 
 river for the Oliio region. Every boat descending the river was 
 forced to land and submit to the arbitrary revenue exactions of 
 Spanish authorities. Under the administration of Governor Miro, 
 these rigorous exactions were somewhat relaxed from 1787 to 1790; 
 but Spain held it as her right to make them. Taking advantage 
 of the claim of the American jjcople, that the Mississipj)i should 
 be opened to them, in 1791, the Spanish Government concocted 
 a scheme for the dismembership of the Union. The plan 
 was to induce the Western ]:)eople to separate from the 
 Eastern States by liberal land grants and extraordinary connner- 
 cial privileges. 
 
 Spanish emissaries, among the people of Ohio and Kentucky, 
 informed them that the Spanish Government would grant them 
 favorably commercial privileges, provided they would secede from 
 the Federal Government cast of the mountains. The Spanish 
 
16 HISTORY OJ IOWA. 
 
 Minister to the United States plainly declared to his confiden- 
 tial correspondent that, unless the Western people would declare 
 their independence and refuse to remain in the Union, Spain 
 was determined never to grant the free navigation of the Missis- 
 sippi. 
 
 By the treaty of Madrid, October 20, 1795, however, Spain for- 
 mally stipulated that the Mississippi River, from its source to the 
 Gulf for its entire width, should be free to American trade and 
 commerce and that the people of the United States should be per- 
 mitted for three years to use the port of New Orleans as a port of 
 deposit of their merchandise and produce, duty free. 
 
 In November, 1810, the United States Government received, 
 through Rufus King, its Minister at the Court of St James, a copy 
 copy of the treaty between Spain and France, signed at Madrid, 
 March 21, 1801, by which the cession of Louisiana to France 
 made the previous autumn, was confirmed. 
 
 The change offered a favorable opportunity to secure the just 
 rights of the United States, in relaton to the free navigation of the 
 Mississippi, and ended the attempt to dismember the Union by an 
 effort to secure an indendent government Avest of the Alleghany 
 Mountains. On Ttli day of January, 1803, the American 
 House of Representatives adopted a resolution declaring their "un- 
 alterable petermination to maintain the boundaries and the rights 
 of navigation and commerce through the River Mississippi, as es- 
 tablished by existing treaties." 
 
 In the same month President Jefferson nominated and the Sen- 
 ate confirmed Robert R. Livingston and James Monroe as Envoys 
 Plenipotentiary to the Court of France, and Charles Pinckney and 
 Jamas Monroe to the Court of Spain, with plenty of power to ne- 
 gotiate treaties to effect to object the enunciated by the popular 
 branch of the National Legislature. These envoys were instructed 
 to secure, if possible, the cession of Florida and New Orleaans to 
 the United States, but it does not appear that Mr. Jeflfcrson 
 had any idea of purchasing that part of Louisiana lying on the 
 west side of the Mississippi. In fact, on the 2d of March following 
 the instructions were sent to our Ministers, containing a plan which 
 expressly left to France "all her territory on the west side of the 
 Mississippi." Had these instructions been followed, it might have 
 been that there would not have been any State of Iowa or any other 
 member of the glorious Union of States west of the Father of Waters. 
 
 In obedience to his instructions, however, Mr. Livingston 
 broached this plan to M. Talleyrand, Napoleon's Prime Minister, 
 when that courtly diplomatist quietly suggested to the American 
 Minister that France might be willing to cede the whole French 
 dominion in North America to the United States, and asked how 
 much the Federal Government would be willing to give for it. 
 Livingston intimated that twenty million francs might be a fair 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 17 
 
 price. Talleyrand thought that not enough, but asked the Ameri- 
 can to "think of it." A few days later, Napoleon, in an interview 
 with Mr. Livingston, in effect informed the American Envoy 
 that he had secured Louisiana in a contract with Spain for the 
 purpose of turning it over to tlie United States for a mere nominal 
 sum. He had been compelled to provide for the safety of that 
 province by the treaty, and he was anxious to give the United 
 States a magnificent bargain for a mere trifle. The price projDosed 
 was one hunflred and twenty-five million francs. This was subse- 
 quently modified to fifteen million dollars, and on this basis 
 a treaty was negotiated, and was signed on th9 30th day of April, 
 18(a 
 
 This treaty was ratified by the Federal Government, and by ac- 
 of Congress, approved October 31, 1803, the President of the Unit- 
 ed States was authorized to take possession of the territory and 
 provide for a temporary government. Accordingly, on the 20th 
 day of September following, on behalf of the President, Governor 
 Clairborne and Gen. Wilkinson took possession of the Louisiana 
 purchase, and raised the American flag over the newly acquired 
 domain , at New Orleans. Spain, although it had by treaty ceded 
 the province to France in 1801, still held quasi possession and at 
 first objected to the transfer, but withdrew her opposition early in 
 1804. 
 
 By this treaty, thus successfully consummated, and the peace- 
 abla withdrawal of Spain, the then infant nation of the New 
 World extended its dominion west of the Mississij^pi to the Pa- 
 cific ocean, and north from the Gulf of Mexico to British 
 America. 
 
 If the original design of Jefferson's administration had been 
 accomplished, the United States would have acquired only that 
 portion of the French territory lying east of the Mississippi River, 
 and while the American people would thus have acquired the free 
 navigation of that great river, all of the vast and fertile empire on 
 the west, so rich in its agricultural and inexhaustible mineral re- 
 sources, would have remained under the dominion of a foreign 
 power. To Napoleon's desire to sell the whole of his North Amer- 
 ican possessions, and Livingston's act transcending hisinstructions 
 which was acquiesced in after it was done, does Iowa owe her 
 position as a part of the United States by the Louisiana pur- 
 chase. 
 
 By authority of an act of Congress, approved March 26, 1804, 
 the newly acquired territory was, on the first day of October fol- 
 lowing, divided: that part lying south of the thirty-third parallel 
 of north latitude was called tha territory of Orleans, and all north 
 of that parallel the District of Louisiana, which was placed under 
 the authority of the officers of Indian Territory, until July 4, 1805, 
 when it was organized with territorial government of its own, 
 g^nd so remained until 1812, when the Territory of Orleans became 
 
18 ■ HISTOKY OF IOWA. 
 
 the State of Louisiana, and the name of the Territory of Louisiana 
 was changed to Missouri. On the 4th of Jul}^, 1814, that part of 
 the Missouri Territor}^ comprising the present State of Arkansas, 
 and the country to the westward was organized into the Arkansas 
 •Territory. 
 
 On the 2d of March, 1821, the State of Missouri, heing a part 
 of the territory of that name, was admitted to the Union. June 
 28, 1834, the territory west of the INIississipiji River and north of 
 Missouri, was made a part of the territory of Michigan; but two 
 years later on the 4th of July, 1836, Wisconstli Territory was 
 erected, embracing Avithin its limits the present States of Iowa, 
 Wisconsin and Minnesota. 
 
 By act of Congress, approved June 12, 1888, the 
 
 TERRITORY OF IOWA 
 
 was erected, comprising, in addition to the present State, much 
 the larger part of Minnesota, and extending north to the boundary 
 of the British possessions. 
 
 THE ORIGINAL OWNERS. 
 
 Having traced the early histor}'^ of the great empire lying west 
 of the Mississippi, of which ihe State of Iowa constitutes a part 
 from the earliest discovery to the organization of the Territory of 
 Iowa, it becomes necessary to give some history of the Indian's of 
 Iowa. 
 
 According to the policy of the European nations, possession 
 perfected title to any territory. We ha^^e seen that the country 
 west of the Mississippi was first discovered by the Spaniards, but 
 afterwards, was visited and occupied by the French. It was ceded 
 by Fran(;e to Spain, and by Spain back to France again, and then 
 was purchased and occupied by the United States. During all that 
 time, it does not appear to have entered into the heads or hearts 
 of the higli contracting partioB that the country they bought, sold 
 and gave away was in the possession of a race of men, who, al- 
 though savage, owned the vast domain before Columbus first 
 crossed the Atlantic. Having purchased the territory the United 
 States found it still in ])ossession of its original owners, Avho had 
 never been dispossesed; and it became necessary to purchase again , 
 what had already been bought before, or forcibly eject the occu- 
 pants; therefore, tbe history of the Indian nations who occupied 
 Iowa i)rior to and during its early settlement hj the whites, be- 
 comes an important chapter in the history of the State, that can- 
 not be omitted. 
 
 For more than one hundred years after jNIarquette and Joliet 
 trod the virgin soil of Iowa, not a single settlement had been 
 made or attempted; not even a trading post had been established. 
 The whole country remained in the undisputed possession of the 
 native tribes, who roamed at will over her beautiful and fertile 
 prairies, hunted in lier woods, fished in her streams, and often 
 
HISTORY OP" IOWA. 19 
 
 poured out their life-blocxl in obstinately Wiutested contests for 
 supremacy. That this State so aptly styled "The Beautiful 
 Land," had been the theater of numerous fierce and bloody 
 struggles l)etween rival nations, for possessions of the favored re- 
 gion, long before its settlement b}^ civilized man, there is no room 
 for doubt. In these savage wars, the weaker party whether ag- 
 gressive or defensive, was either exterminated or driven from their 
 ancient hunting grounds. 
 
 In 1673, when Marquette discovered Iowa, the Iliini were a very 
 jDowerful people, occupying a large i)ortion of the State, but when 
 the country was again visited by the whites, not a remnant of that 
 once powerful tribe remained on the west side of the ^lississippi, 
 and Iowa was principally in the possession of the Sacs and Foxes, 
 a war-like tribe which, originall}^ two distinct nations, residing in 
 New York and on the waters of the 8t. Lawi'ence, had gradually 
 fought their way westward, and united, probal)ly, after the Foxes 
 had been driven out of the Fox River country, in 1846, and (grossed 
 the Mississippi. The death of Pontiac, a famous Sac chieftain, 
 was made the jjretext for war against the Iliini, and a fierce and 
 bloody struggle ensued, which continued until the Illinois were 
 nearly destroyed and their hunting gnnmds })ossessed by their 
 victorious foes. The lowas also occupied a portion of the State 
 for a time, in common with the Sacs, but they, too, were nearly 
 destroyed by the Sacs and Foxes, and, in "The Beautiful Land," 
 these natives met their ecpially war-like foes, the Northern Sioux, 
 with whom they maintained a constant warfare for tlie jjossession 
 of the country for many years. 
 
 When the United States came in i)ossession of tbe great valley 
 of the Mississippi, by the Louisiana ]jurchase, the Sacs and Foxes 
 and lowas possessetl tiie entire territory, now comprising the State 
 of Iowa. The Sacs and Foxes, also occupied the most of the 
 State of Illionois. 
 
 The Sacs had four jnincipal villages, where most of them re- 
 sided, viz.: 'Xheh- largest and most important town — if an Indian 
 village may l^e called such — and from which emanated most of the 
 obstacles and difhculties encountered by the Government in the 
 extinguishment of Indian titles to land in this region, was on 
 Rock River, near Rock Island; another was on the east bank of 
 the Mississippi, near the mouth of Henderson River; the third 
 was at the head of the Des JNloines Ra})ids, near the present site 
 of Montrose, and the fourth was near the moutli of the Ujiper- 
 Iowa. 
 
 The Foxes had three jn'incipal villages, viz. : One on the west 
 side of the Mississippi, six miles above the rapids of Rock River; 
 another about twelve miles from the river, in the rear of the 
 Dubuque lead mines, and the third on Turkey River. 
 
 The lowas, at one time identified with the Sacs, of Rock River, 
 liad withdrawn from them and become a separate tribe. Their 
 
20 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 princijDal village was on the Des Moines River, in Van Bnren 
 County, on the site where lowaville now stands. Here the last 
 great battle between the Sacs and Foxes and tlie lowas was fought, 
 in which Black Hawk, then a young man, commanded one division 
 of the attacking forces. 
 
 The Sacs had a iicrce conflict with tlic Winnebagoes, suljdued 
 them and took possession of their lands. Their village on Rock 
 River, at one time, contained upward of sixty lodges, and was 
 among the largest Indian villages on the continent. In 1825, the 
 Secretary of War estimated the entire number of the Sacs and 
 Foxes- at 4,600 souls. Their villages was situated in the immediate 
 vicinity of the up})er rai)ids t)f the Mississippi, where the beautiful 
 and flourishing towns of Rock Island and Davenport are now situ- 
 ated. Tiie beautiful scenery of the island, the extensive prairies, 
 dotted over with groves; the picturesque bluffs along the river 
 banks, the rich and fertile soil, })roducing large crops of corn, 
 squash and other vegetables, with little labor; the abundance of 
 Avild fruit, game, fish, and almost everything calculated to make 
 it a delightful sfMit for an Indian village, which was found 
 there, had made this place a favorite home of the Sacs, and se- 
 cured for it the strong attachment and veneration of the whole 
 nation. 
 
 North of the hunting grounds of the Sacs and Foxes, were those 
 of the Sioux, a fierce and warlike nation, who often disputed pos- 
 session with their rivals in savage and bloody warfare. The pos- 
 sessions of these tribes were mostly located in Minnesota, but ex- 
 tended over a portion of Xorthern and Western Iowa to the Mis- 
 souri River. Their descent from the north upon the hunting 
 grounds of Iowa frequently brought them into collision with the 
 Sacs and Foxes; and after many a conflict and bloody struggle, a 
 boundary line was established between them by the Government 
 of the United States, in a treaty held at Prairie du Chien in 1825. 
 But this, instead of settling the difficulties, caused them to quar- 
 rel all the more, in consequence of alleged trespa'sses upon each 
 other's side of the line. These contests were kept up and became 
 so unrelenting that, in 1830, Government bought of the respective 
 tribes of the Sacs and Foxes, and the Sioux, a strip of land twenty 
 miles in width, on Ijtith sides of the line, and thus throwing them 
 forty miles a part by creating between them a "neutral ground," 
 commanded them to cease their hostilities. Both the Sacs and 
 Foxes and the Sioux, however, were allowed to fish and hunt on 
 the ground unmolested, provided they did not interfere with each 
 other on the United States territory. The Sacs and Foxes and the 
 Sioux were deadly enemies, and neither let an opportunity to pun- 
 ish the other pass unimproved. 
 
 In April, 1852, a fight occurred between the Musquaka band of 
 Sacs and Foxes and a band of Sioux, about six miles above Al 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 21 
 
 gona, in Kossuth County, on tlic west side of the Des, Moines 
 River. The Sacs and Foxes were inider the leadership Ko-ko- 
 wah, a su])ordinate eliief, and had gone up from their home in 
 Tama C(>unty, by way of Clear Lake, to what was then the "neutral 
 ground." At Clear Lake, Ko-ko-wah was informed that a party 
 of Sioux were encamped on the west side of the East Fork of the 
 Des Moines, and .he determined to attack them. With sixty of 
 his warriors, he started and anived at a i)oint on the east side of 
 the river, about a mile above the Sioux encam])ment, in the night, 
 and concealed themselves in a grove, where they were able to dis- 
 cover the position and strength of their hereditary foes. The 
 next morning, after man}- of the Sioux braves had lelt their camp 
 on hunting tours, the vindictive Sacs and Foxes crossed the river 
 and suddenly attacked the camp. The conflict was desperate for a 
 short time, but the advantage was with the assailants, and the 
 Sioux Avere routed. Sixteen of them, including some of their 
 women and children, were killed, and a boy 14 years old was cap- 
 tured. One of the Musc[uakas was shot in the breast by a squaw 
 as they were rushing into the Sioux's camp. He started to run 
 away, when the same brave squaw S:;hot him through the body, at 
 a distance of forty rods, and he fell dead. Three other Sac braves 
 were killed. But few of the Sioux escaped. The victorious party 
 hurriedly buried their own dead, leaving the dead Sioux above 
 ground, and made their wa}- home, with their captive, with all 
 possible ex]:)edition. 
 
 riKE'S EXPEDITION. 
 
 Very soon after the acquisition of Louisiana the United States 
 Government adoi)tcd measures for the exploration of the new ter- 
 ritory, having in view the concilation of the numerous tribes of 
 Indians l)y whom it was possessed, and, also, the selection of 
 proper sites for the esta])lishment of military posts and trading 
 stations. Tlie Army of the West, (icn. James AVilkinson, com- 
 manding, had its headquarters at St. Louis. From this post Cap- 
 tains Lewis Clarke, with a sufficient force were detailed to ex- 
 plore the unknown sources of the I\Iissouri and Lieut Zebulon M. 
 Like to ascend to the head waters of the Mississi})i)i. Lieut. Pike, 
 with one Sergeant, two Corporals and seventeen privates, left the 
 military camp, near St. Louis, in a keel-bt)at, with four month's 
 rations on the 9th day of August, LSOo. On the 20th of the 
 same month, the expetlition arrived within the present limit of 
 Iowa, at the foot of the Des Moines Rapids, where Pike met Wil- 
 liam Ewing, who had just been ap])ointed Indian agent at thij< 
 point, a French interpreter and four chiefs and lilteen Sac and 
 Fox warriors. 
 
 At the head of tlie ra})ids, where jNlontrose is now situated, 
 Pike held a council with the Indians, in which he addressed them 
 gubstantially as iollows: "Your great Father, tlie President of 
 
22 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 the United States, wished to be more intimately acquainted with 
 the situation and wants of the different nations of red people in 
 our newly acquired territory of Louisiana, and has ordered the 
 General to send a number of his warriors in different direction to 
 take them by the hand and such inquiries as might aflbrd the 
 satisfaction required." At the close of the council he i)resented 
 the red men with some knives, whisky and tobacco. 
 
 Pursuing his way up the river, he arrived, on the 23d of August, 
 at what is supposed, from his description, to be the site of the pres- 
 ent city of Burlington, which he selected as the location of a mili- 
 tary post. He describes the place as being "on a hill, about forty 
 miles above the River de Moyne Rapids, on the west side of the 
 river, in latitude al)out 41 degress' 21 minutes north. The channel 
 of the river runs on that shore; the hill in front is about sixty feet 
 perpendicular; nearly level on top; four hundred yards in the rear 
 is a small prairie fit for gardening, and immediately under the hill 
 is a limestone spring, sufficient for the consumption of a whole 
 regiment." In addition to this description, which corresponds to 
 Burlington, the spot is laid down on his map at a bend in the river 
 a short distance below the mouth of the Henderson, which pours 
 its waters into the Mississippi from Illinois. The fort was built at 
 Fort Madison, but from the distance, latitude, description and map 
 furnished by Pike, it could not ha-s'e been the place selected by 
 him while all the circumstances corroborate the opinion that the 
 place he selected was the spot where Burlington is now located, 
 called by the early voyagers on the MississipjDi, "Flint Hills." 
 
 On the 24th with one of his men, he went on shore on a hunt- 
 ing expedition, and following a stream which they supposed to be 
 a part of the ^Mississippi, they were led away from their course. 
 Owing to the intense heat and tall grass, his two favorite dogs, 
 which he had taken with him, became exhausted and he left them 
 on the prairie, supposing that they would follow him as soon as 
 they should get rested, and went on to overtake his boat. Reach- 
 ing the river, he waited some time for his canine friends, but they 
 did not come, and as he deemed it inexpedient to detain the boat 
 longer, two of his men volunteered to go in pursuit of them, and 
 he continued on his way up the river, expecting that the two men 
 would soon overtake him. They lost their wa}^, however, and for 
 six days were without food, excej^t a few morsels gathered from 
 the stream and might have perished had they not accidentally met a 
 trader from St. Louis, who induced two Indians to take them up, 
 the river and they over took the boat at Dubuque. 
 
 At Dubuque, Pike was cordially received by Julien Dubuque, a 
 Frenchman, who held a mining claim under a grant from Spain. 
 Dubuque had an old field piece and fired a salute in honor of the 
 advent of the first Americans who had visited tliat part of the 
 Territory. Dubuque, however, was not disposed to publish the 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. ' 23 
 
 wealth of his mines, and the young and apparently inquisitive 
 officer could obtain but little information from him. 
 
 After leaving this place, Pike pursued his way up the river, but 
 as he passed beyond the limits of the present State of Iowa, a 
 detailed history of his exploration on the upper water of the Mis- 
 sissippi more jjroperly belongs to the history of another State. 
 
 It is sufficient to say that on the site of Fort Snelling, Minne- 
 sota, at the mouth of the Minnesota River, Pike held a council 
 with the Sioux, Sei^tember 23, and obtained from them a grant of 
 one hundred thousand acres of land. On the 8th of January, 1806, 
 Pike arrived at a trading post belonging to the Northwest Com- 
 pany, on Lake De Sable in latitude 47"^. At this time the then 
 powerful Northwest Company carried on their immense opera- 
 tions from Hudson's Bay to the St. Lawrence; up the river on 
 both sides, along the Great Lakes to the head of I^ake Superior, 
 thence to the sources of the Red River of the North, and we»t to 
 the Rocky Mountains, embracing within the scope of their opera- 
 tions the entire Territory of Iowa. After successfully accom- 
 plishing his mission, and performing a valuable service to Iowa 
 and the whole Northwest, Pike returned to St. Louis, arriving 
 there on tha 30th day April, 1806. 
 
 INDIAN WARS. 
 
 The territory of Iowa, although it had been purchased by the 
 United States, and was ostensibly in the possession of the Gov- 
 ernment, was still occupied by the Indians, who claimed title to 
 the soil by right of "ownership and possession. Before it could be 
 open to settlement by the whites, it was indispensable that the 
 Indian title should be extinguished, and the original owners re- 
 moved. The accomplishment of this j)urpose required the expen- 
 diture of large sums of money and blood, and for a long series of 
 years the frontier was disturbed by Indian wars, terminated re- 
 peatedly by treaty, only to be renewed by some act of oppres- 
 sion on the part of the whites or some violation of treaty stipula- 
 tion, 
 
 As previously shown, at the time when the United States as- 
 sumed the control of the country by virtue of the Louisiana pur- 
 chase nearly the whole state was in possession of the Sacs and 
 Foxes, a powerful and warlike nation, who were not disposed- to 
 submit without a struggle to what they considered the encroach- 
 ments of the pale faces. 
 
 Among the most noted chiefs, and one whose restlessness and 
 hatred of the Americans occasioned more trouble to the Govern- 
 ment than any others of his tribe, was Black Hawk, who was born 
 at the Sac village, on Rock river, in 1767. He was simply the 
 chief of his own band of Sac warriors, but by his energy and am- 
 bition he became the leading spirit of the united nation of Sacs 
 and Foxes, and one of the prominent figures in the history of the 
 
24 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 country from 1803 until his death. In early manhood he attained 
 some distinction as a fighting chief, having led camj^aigns against 
 the Osages and other neighboring tribes. About the beginning 
 of the present century he began to appear prominent in affairs on 
 the Mississipi^i. Some historians have added to the statement 
 "it does not appear that he was ever a great general, or- possessed 
 any of the qualification of a successful leader." If this was so 
 his life was a marvel. How any man who had none of the quali- 
 fication of a leader became so prominent as such, as he did, indi- 
 cates either that he had some ability, or that his cotemporaries, 
 both Indian and Anglo-Saxon, had less than he. He is said to 
 have been the victim of a narrow prejudice and bitter ill-will 
 against the Americans" but the impartial historian must admit 
 that if he was the enemy of the' Americans, it was certainly not 
 without some reason. 
 
 It will be remembered that Spain did not give up possession of 
 the country to France on its cession to the latter power, in 1801, 
 but retained possession of it, and, by the authority of France, 
 transferred it to the United States, in 1804. Black Hawk and his 
 band were in St. Louis at the time, and were invited to be present 
 and witness the ceremonies of the transfer, but he refused the invi- 
 tation, and it is l;)ut just to say that this refusal was caused proba- 
 bly more from regret that the Indians were to be transfered from 
 the jurisdiction of the Spanish authorities than from any special 
 hatred toward the Americans. In his life he says: "I found many 
 sad and gloomy faces because, the United States were about to take 
 possession of the town and country. Soon after the Americans 
 came, I took my band and went to take leave of our Spanish father. 
 The Americans came to see him also. Seeing them approach, we 
 passed out of one door as thfey entered another, and immediately 
 started in our canoes for our village, on Rock River, not liking the 
 change any more than our friends appeared to at St. Louis 
 On arriving at our village, we gave the news that strange people 
 had arrived at St. Louis, and that we should never see our 
 Spanish father again. The information made all our people 
 sorry." 
 
 On the 3d day of November, 1804, a treaty was concluded be- 
 tween William Henry Harrison, than Governor of Indiana Terri- 
 tory, on behalf of the United States, and five chiefs of the Sac and 
 Fox nation, by which the latter, in consideration, of two thousand 
 two hundred and thirty-four dollars' worth of goods then delivered, 
 and a yearly annunity of one thousand dollars to be paid in goods at 
 just cost, ceded to the United States all that laud on the east side 
 of the Mississippi, extending from a point o])posite the Jefferson, 
 in Missouri, to the Wisconsin River, embracing an area of over 
 fifty-one millions of acres. 
 
 To this treaty Black Hawk always objected and always refused 
 to consider it binding upon his people. He asserted that the chiefs 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 2S 
 
 or braves who made it had no authority to relinquish the title of 
 the nation to any of the lands they held or occupied; and, more- 
 over, that they had been sent to St. Louis on quite a different er- 
 rand, namely, to get one of their people released, who had been 
 imprisoned at St. Louis for killing a white man. 
 
 The year following this treaty (1805), Lieutenant Zebulon M. 
 Pike came up the river for the purpose of holding friendly coun- 
 cils with the Indians and selecting sites for forts within the ter- 
 ritory recently acquired from France by the United States. Lieu- 
 tenant Pike seems to have been the tirst American whom Black 
 Hawk ever met or had a personal interview with; and he was very 
 much prepossessed in Pike's favor. He gives the following ac- 
 count of his visit to Rock Island: 
 
 "A boat came up the river with a young American chief and a 
 small party of soldiers. We heard of them soon after they passed 
 Salt River. Some of our young braves watched them every day, 
 to see what sort of people he had on board. The boat at length 
 arrived at Rock River, and the young chief came on shore with 
 his interpreter, and made a speech and gave us some presents. We 
 in turn presented them with meat and such other provisions as we 
 had to spare. We were well pleased with the young chief. He 
 gave us good advice, and said our American father would treat us 
 well." 
 
 The events which soon followed PIkc's expedition were the 
 erection of Fort Edwards, at what is now Warsaw, Illinois, and Fort 
 Madison, on the site of the present town oi that name, the latter 
 being the first fort erected in Iowa. These movements occasioned 
 great uneasiness among the Indians. When work was commenced 
 on Fort Edwards, a delegation from their nation, headed by some 
 of their chiefs, went down to see what the Americans were doing, 
 and had an interview with the commander; after which they re- 
 turned home apparently satisfied. In like manner, when Fort 
 Madison was being erected, they sent down another delegation 
 from a council of the nation held at Rock River. According to 
 Black Hawk's account, the American chief told them that he was 
 building a house for a trader who was coming to sell them goods 
 cheap, and that the soldiers were coming to keep him company— 
 a statement which Black Hawk says they distrusted at the time, 
 believing that the fort was an encroachment upon their rights, and 
 designed to aid in getting their lands away from them. 
 
 It has been held by good American authorities, that the erection 
 of Fort Madison at the point where it was located was a violation 
 of the treaty of 1801. By the eleventh article of the treaty, the 
 United States had a right to build a fort near the mouth of the 
 Wisconsin River; by article six they had bound themselves "that 
 if ail}' citizens of the United States or any otiier white persons 
 should form a settlement upon their lands, such intruders should 
 forthwith be removed." Probably the authorities of the United 
 
26 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 • States did not regard the established of military posts as coming, 
 properly within the meaning of the term "settlement," as used in 
 the treaty. At all events, they erected Fort Madison within the 
 territory reserved to the Indians, who became very indignant. Not 
 long after the fort was built, a party led by Black Hawk attempted 
 its destruction. They sent spies to watch the movements of. the 
 garrison, who ascertained that the soldiers were in the habit of 
 marching out of the fort every morning and evening for parade, 
 and the plan of the party was to conceal themselves near the fort, 
 and attack and surprise them when they were outside. On the 
 morning of the proposed day of attack, five soldiers came out and 
 were fired upon by the Indians, two of them being killed. The 
 Indians were too hasty in their movements, for the regular drill had 
 not yet commenced. However, they kept up the attack for sev- 
 eral days, attempting the old Fox strategy of setting fire to the 
 fort with blazing arrows; but findinng their efforts unavailing they 
 soon gave up and returned to Rock River. 
 
 When war was declared between the United States and Great 
 inBritian, 1812, Black Hawk and his band allied themselves with 
 the British, partly because he was dazzled by their specious prom- 
 ises, and more probably because they had been deceived by the 
 Americans. Black Hawk himself declared that they were "forced 
 into the war by being deceived." He narrates the circumstances 
 as follows : "Several of the chiefs and head men of the Sacs and 
 Foxes were called upon to go to Washington to see their Great 
 Father. On their return, they related what iiad been said atid 
 done. They said the Great Father wished them, in the event of a 
 war taking place with England, not to interf<n-e on either side, but 
 to remain neutral. He did not want our help, but wished us to 
 hunt and support our families, and live in peace. He said that 
 British traders would not be permitted to come on the Mississippi 
 to furnish us with goods, bnt that we should be supplied with an 
 American trat ler. _ Our chiefs then told him that the British trad- 
 ers always gave them credit in the fall for guns, powder and goods, 
 to enable us to hunt and clothe our families. He repeated that 
 the traders at Fort Madison would have plenty of goods; that we 
 should go there in the fall and he would supply us on credit, as 
 the British traders had done." 
 
 Black Hawk seems to have accepted this proposition, and he 
 and his people were very much pleased. Acting in good faith, 
 they fitted out for their winter's hunt, and went to Fort Madison 
 in high spirits to receive from the trader their outfit of supplies. 
 But, after waiting some time, they were told by the trader that 
 he would not trust them. It was in vain they pleaded the promise 
 of their Great Fnther at Washington. The trader was inexorable; 
 and, disapointed and crestfallen, they turned sadly toward their 
 own villiage. "Few of us," says Black Hawk, "slept that night; 
 aU was gloom and discontent. In the morning a canoe was seen 
 
HISTORR OF IOWA. 27" 
 
 ascending the river; it soon arrived, bearing an express, who 
 brought intelligence that a British trader had landed at Rock 
 Island, with two boats loaded with goods, and requested us to come 
 up immediately, because he had good news for us, and a variety 
 of presents. The express presented us with tobacco, pipes and 
 wampum. The news ran through our camp like fire on a prairie. 
 Our lodges were soon taken down, and all started for Rock Island. 
 Here ended all hopes of our remaining at peace, having been 
 forced into the war by being deceived. 
 
 He joined the British, who flattered him, styled him "Gene ra 
 Black Hawk," decked him with medals, excited his jealousies 
 against the Americans, and armed his band; but he met with de- 
 feat and disappointment, and soon abandoned the service and 
 came home. 
 
 With all his skill ann courage. Black Hawk was unable to lead 
 all the Sacs and Foxes into hostilities to the United States. A 
 portion of them, at the head of whom was Keokuk ("the Watch- 
 ful Fox"), were disposed to abide by the treaty of 1804, and to 
 cultivate friendly relations with the American people. Therefore, 
 when Black Hawk and his band joined the fortunes of Great 
 Britain, the rest of the nation remained neutral, and, for protection 
 organized, with Keokuk for their chief. This divided the nation 
 into the "War and Peace Party." 
 
 Black Hawk says he was informed, after he had ganeto the war, 
 that the nation, which had been reduced to so small a body of 
 fighting men, were unable to defend themselves in case the Amer- 
 icans should attack them, and liaving all the old men and women 
 and children belonging to warriors who had joined the British on 
 their hands to' provide for, a council was held, and it was agreed 
 that Quash-qua-me (the Lance) and other chiefs, together Avith the 
 old men, women and children, and such others as chose to accom- 
 pany them, should go to St. Louis, and place themselves under 
 the Anjerican chief stationed there. They accordingly went down 
 and were received as the "friendly band" of the Sacs and Foxes, 
 and were provided for and sent up the Missouri river. On Black 
 Hawk's return from the Brstish army, he says Keokuk was intro- 
 duced to him as the war chief of the braves then in the village. 
 He inquired how he had become chief, and was informed that 
 their S])ies had seen a large armed force going toward Peoria, and 
 fears were entertained of an attack upon the village; whereupon a 
 council was held, which concluded to leave the village and cross 
 over to the west side of the Mississippi. 
 
 Keokuk had been standing at the door of the lodge where the 
 council was held, not being allowed to enter on account of never 
 having killed an enemy, where he remained until Wa-co-me came 
 out. Keokuk asked permission to speak in the council, which 
 Wa-co-me obtained for him. Keokuk then addressed the chiefs; 
 he remonstrated against the desertion of the village, their own. 
 
28 HISTORY OP IOWA. 
 
 homes and the graves of their fathers, and offered to defend 
 the village. The council consented that he should be their war 
 chief. He marshaled his braves, sent out spies, and advanced on 
 the trail leading to Peoria, but returned without seeing the enemy. 
 The Americans did not disturb the village, and all were satisfied 
 with the appointment of Keokuk. 
 
 Keokux, like Black Hawk, was a descendant of the Sac branch 
 of the nation, and Avas born on Rock river, in 1780. He was of 
 a pacific disposition, but possessed the elements of true courage, 
 and could fight, when occasion required, with a cool judgment and 
 heroic energy. In his first battle he encountered and killed a 
 Sioux, which placed him in the rank of warriors, and he was 
 honored with a public feast, by his tribe, in commemoration of 
 the event. 
 
 Keokuk has been described as an orator, entitled to rank with 
 the most gifted of his race. In person he was tall, and of portly 
 bearing; in his public speeches he displayed a commanding atti- 
 tude and graceful gestures; he spoke rapidly, but his enunciation 
 was clear, distinct and forcible; he culled his figures from the 
 stores of nature, and based his arguments on skillful logic. Un- 
 fortunately for the reputation of Keokuk as an orator, among 
 white people, he was never able to obtain an interpreter who could 
 claim even a slight acquaintance with philosophy. With one ex- 
 ception only, his interpreters were unacquainted with the ele- 
 ments of their mother tongue. Of this serious hindrance to hia 
 fame, Keokuk was well aware, and retained Frank Labershure, 
 who had received a rudiniental education in the French and En- 
 glish languages, until the latter broke down by dissipation and 
 died. But during the meridian of his career among the white 
 people, he was compelled to submit his speeches for translation to 
 uneducated men, whose range of thought fell below the flights of 
 a gifted mind, and the fine imagery drawn from nature was be- 
 yond their power of re-production. He had sufficient knowledge 
 of the English language to make him sensible of this bad render- 
 ing of his thought, and often a feeling of mortification at the bun- 
 gling efforts was depicted on his countenance while speaking. 
 The proper place to form a correct estimate of his ability as an 
 orator was in the Indian council, where he addressed himself ex- 
 clusively to those who understonnd his language, and witness the 
 electrical effect of his eloquence upon his audience. 
 
 Keokuk seems to have possessed a more sober judgment, and to 
 have had a more intelligent view of the great strength and re- 
 sources of the United States, than his noted and restless cotem- 
 porary. Black Hawk. He knew from the first that the reckless 
 war which Black Hawk and his band had determined to carry on 
 could result in nothing but defeat and disaster, and used every ar- 
 gument against it. The large number of warriors whom he had 
 dissuaded from following Black Hawk became, however, greatly 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 29 
 
 excited with the war spirit after Stillman's defeat, and but for the 
 signal tact displayed by Keokuk on that occasion, would have 
 forced him to submit to their wishes in joining the rest of the war- 
 riors in the field. A war-dance was held, and Keokuk took part 
 in it, seeming to be moved with the current of the rising storm. 
 When the dance was over, he called the council to prepare for 
 war. He made a speech, in which he admitted the justice of their 
 complaints against the Americans. To seek redress was a noble 
 aspiration of their nature. The blood of their brethern had been 
 shed by the white man, and the spirits of their braves, slain in 
 battle, called loudly for vengeance. "I am your chief," he said, 
 "and it is my duty to lead you to battle, if, after fully considering 
 the matter, you are determined to go. But before you decide on 
 taking this important step, it is wise to inquire into the chances 
 of success. He then portrayed to them the great power of the 
 United States, against whom they would have to contend, that 
 their chances of success was utterly hopeless. "But," said he, 
 "if you do determine to go upon the war-path, I will agree to 
 lead you, on one condition, viz. : that before we go, we will kill 
 all our old men and our wives and children, to save them from a 
 lingering death of starvation, and that every one of us determine 
 to leave our homes on the other side of the Mississippi." 
 
 This was a strong but truthful picture of the prospect before 
 them, and was presented in such a forcible light as to cool their 
 ardor, and cause them to abandon the rash undertaking. 
 
 But, during the war of 1832, it is now considered certain that 
 small bands of Indians, from the west side of the Mississippi, 
 made incursions into the white settlements, in the lead mining 
 region, and committed .:ome murders and depredations. 
 
 When peace was declared between the United States and Eng- 
 land, Black Hawk was required to make peace with the former, 
 and entered into a treaty at Portage des Sioux, September 14^ 
 1815, but did not " touch the goose-quill to it until May 13, 1816, 
 when he smoked the pipe of peace with the great white chief," at 
 St. Louis. This treaty was a renewal of the treaty of 1804, but 
 Black Hawk declared he had been deceived; that he did not know 
 that by singing the treaty he was giving away his villiage. This 
 weighed upon his mind, already soured by previous disappointment 
 and the irresistible encroachments ol the whites; and when a few 
 years later, he and his people were driven from their possessions 
 by the military, he determined to return to the home of his fathers. 
 
 It is also to be remarked that in 1816, by treaty with various 
 tribes, the United States, relinquished to the Indians all the lands 
 lying north of a line drawn from the southermost point of Lake 
 Michigan west to the Mississippi, except a reservation five leagues 
 square, on the Mississippi Kiver, supposed then to be sufficient to 
 include all the mineral lands on an adjacent to Fever River, and 
 one league square at the mouth of the Wisconsin River. 
 
30 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 THE BLACK HAWK WAR. 
 
 The immedinte cause of the Indian outbreak in 1830 was the 
 occupation of Black Hawk's villiage, on the Rock River, by the 
 whites, during the absence of the chief and his braves on a hunt- 
 ing expedition, on the west side of the Mississippi. When they 
 returned they found their wigwams occupied by white families, 
 and their own women and children were shelterless on the banks 
 of the river. The Indians were indignant, and determined to re- 
 possess their villiage at all hazards, and early in the spring of 1831 
 recrossed the Missisiippi and menacingly took possession of their 
 own cornfields and cabins. It may be well to remark here that it 
 was expressly stipulated in the treaty of 1804, to which they at- 
 tributed all their troubles, that the Indians should not be obliged 
 to leave their lands until they were sold by the United States, and 
 it does not appear that they occupied any lands other than those 
 owned by the Government. If this was true, the Indians had good 
 cause for indignation and complaint. But the whites, driven out 
 in turn by the returning Indians, became so clamorous against 
 what they termed the encroachments of the natives, that Gov. 
 Reynolds, of Illinoise, ordered Gen. Gaines to Rock Island with a 
 militay force to drive the Indians again from their homes to the 
 west side of the Mississippi. Black Hawk says he did not intend 
 to be provoked into Avar by anything less than the blood of some 
 of his own people; in other words, that there would be no war 
 unless it should be commenced by the pale faces. But it was said 
 and probably thought by the military commanders along the fron- 
 tier, that the" Indians intended to unite in a general war against 
 the whites, from Rock River to the Mexican borders. But it does 
 not appear that the hardy frontiersmen themselves had any fears, 
 for their experience had been that, when well treated, their Indian 
 neighbors were not dangerous. Black Hawk and his band had done 
 no more than to attempt to repossess the old homes of which they had 
 been deprived in their absence. No blood had been shed. Black 
 Hawk had his chiefs sent a flag of truce, and a new treaty was 
 made, by which Black Hawk and hss band agreed to remain for- 
 ever on the Iowa side. 
 
 On the 6th day of April, 1832, Black Hawk, and his en- 
 tire band, with their women and children, again recrossed 
 the Mississippi River in plain view of the garrison of Fort 
 Armstrong, and went up the Rock River. Although this act 
 was construed into an act of hostility by the military authorities, 
 who declared that Black Hawk intended to recover his village, or 
 the site where it stood, by force; yet it does not appear that he 
 made any such attemi)t, nor did liis appearance create any special 
 alarm among the settlers. They knew that the Indians never 
 went on the war-path encumbered with the old men, their women 
 and their children. 
 
 The Galenian, printed in Galena, of May 2, 1832, says that 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 31 
 
 Black Hawk was invited by the Prophet, and had taken possession 
 of a tract about forty miles up Rock river; but that he did not re- 
 main there long, but commenced his search up Rock river. Capt. 
 W. B. Green, who served in Captain Stevenson's company of 
 mounted rangers, says that "Black Hawk and his band crossed 
 the river with no hostile intention, but that his band had had bad 
 luck in hunting during the previous winter, were actually in a 
 starving condition, and had come over to spend the summer with a 
 friendly tribe on the headwaters of the Rock and Illinois rivers by 
 invitation from their chief." Other old settlers, who all agree that 
 Black Hawk had no idea of fighting, say that he came. back to the 
 west side expecting to negotiate another treaty, and get a new 
 supply of provisions. The most reasonable explanation of this 
 movement, which resulted so disastrously to Black Hawk and his 
 starving people, is that, during the fall and winter ot 1831-32, his 
 people became greatly indebted to their favorite trader at Fort 
 Armstrong (Rock Island), they had not been fortunate in hunting, 
 and he was likely to lose heavily, as an Indian debt was outlawed 
 in one year. If, therefore, the Indians c :)uld be induced to come 
 over, and the fears of the military could be sufficiently aroused to 
 pursue them, another treaty could be negotiated, and from the 
 payments from the government the shrewd trader could get his 
 pay. Just a week after Black Hawk crossed the river, on the 13th 
 ol April, 1832, George Davenport wrote to Gen. Atkinson: "I am 
 informed that the British band of Sac Indians are determined to 
 make war on the frontier settlements. * * * 
 
 From every information that I have received, I am of the opinion 
 that the intention of the British band of Sac Indians is to commit 
 depredations on the inhabitants of the frontier." And yet, from 
 the 6th day of April, until after Stillinan's men commenced war 
 by firing on the flag of truce from Black Hawk, no murders nor 
 depredations were committed by the British band of Sac Indians. 
 It is not the purpose of this sketch to detail the incidents of the 
 Black Hawk war of 1832, as it pertains rather to the history of the 
 State of Illinois. It is sufficient to say that, after the disgraceful 
 affair at Stillman's Run, Black Hawk concluded that the whites 
 retusing to treat with him, were determined to exterminate his 
 people, determined to return to the Iowa side of the Mississippi. 
 He could not return l)y the way he came, for the army was behind 
 him, an army, too, that would sternly reluse to recognize the white 
 flag of peace. His only course was to make his way northward and 
 reach the Mississippi, if possible, before the troops could overtake 
 him, and this he did; but, before he could get his women and 
 children across the Wisconsin, he was overtaken, and a battle en- 
 sued. Here, again, he sued for peace, and, through his trusty 
 lieutenant, "the Prophet," the whites were plainly informed that 
 the starving Indians did not wish to fight, but would return to 
 the west side of the Mississippi, peaceably, if they could be per- 
 
32 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 niitterl to do so. No attention was paid to this second effort to ne 
 gotiate peace, and, as soon as the supplies could be obtained the 
 pursuit was resumed, the Hying Indians were overtaken again 
 ei^lit miles before they reached the mouth of the Bad Axe, and 
 the slaugnter (it should not be dignified by the name of battle) 
 connnenced. Here, overcome by starvation and the victorious 
 whites, his band was scattered, on the 2d day of August, 1832. 
 Black HaAvk escaped, but was brought into camp at Prairie du 
 Chien by tliree Winnebagoes. He was confined in Jefferson bar- 
 racks until the spring of 1833, when he was sent to Washington, 
 arriving tliefo April 22. On the 26tli of April they were takisn to 
 Fortress Monroe, where they remained till the 4th of June, 1833, 
 when orders were given for theui to be liberated and returned to 
 their own country. By orders of the president he was brought 
 back through tlio principal eastern cities. Cro\yds Hocked to see 
 him all along the route, and he was very much flattered by the at- 
 tention he received. He lived among his people on the Iowa 
 river till that reservation was sold, in 183(3, when, with the rest of 
 the Sacs and Foxes, he removed to the Des Moines reservation, 
 where he remained till his death, which occurred on the 3d of Oc- 
 tober, 1838. 
 
 INDJAN PURCHASES, RESERVES AND TREATIES. 
 
 At the close of the Black Hawk War, in 1832, a treaty was 
 made, at a council held on the west bank of the Mississippi, where 
 now stands the thriving city of Davenport, on grounds no.v occu- 
 pied by the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, railroad company 
 on the 21st day of September, 1832. At this council, the United 
 States were represented by Gen. Wintield Scott and Gov. Rey- 
 nolds, of Illinois. Keokuk, Pash-a-pa-ho and some thirty other 
 chiefs and warriors of the Sac and Fox nation were present. By 
 this treaty, the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States a strip 
 of land on the eastern border of Iowa, fifty miles wide, from the 
 northern boundary of Missiouri to the mouth of the Upper Iowa 
 River, containing about six million acres. The western line of the 
 purchase was parallel with the Mississippi. In consideration of 
 this cession, the United States Government stipulated to pay an- 
 nually to the confederated tribes, for thirty consecutive years, 
 twenty thousand dollar in specie, and to pay the debts of the In- 
 dians at Rock Island, which had been accumulating for seventeen 
 years, and amounted to tifty thousand dollars, due to Davenport & 
 Farnham, Indian traders. Tiu Government also generously do- 
 nated to the Sac and Fox women and children,whose husbands and 
 fathers had fallen in the Black Hawk war, thirty-tive beef cattle, 
 twelve bushels of salt, thirty barrels of pork, fifty barrels of Hour 
 and six thousand bushels of corn. 
 
 This territory is known as the "Black Hawk Purchase." Al- 
 though it was not the first portion of Iowa ceded to the United 
 
HISTOIIY OP IOWA. 33 
 
 States by the Sacs and Foxes, it was the first opened to actual 
 settlement by the tide of emigration that flowed across the Mis- 
 sissippi as soon as the Indian title was extinguislied. The treaty 
 was ratified February 13, 188H, and took ellect on the 1st of June 
 ollowing, when the Indians quietly removed from the ceded ter- 
 ritory, and this fertile and beautiful regi(^n was opened to white 
 settlers. 
 
 iiy the terms of the treaty, out of the lUack Hawk Purchase 
 was reserved for the Sacs and Foxes 400 sijuare miles of land 
 situated on the Iowa Kiver, and ii\cluding within its limits Keo- 
 kuk's village, on the right bank of tliat river. This tract was 
 known as "Keokuk's Reserve," and was occupied by the Indians 
 until 1836, when, by a treaty made in Septendjer between them 
 and Gov. Dotlge, of Wisconsin Territory, it was ceded to the 
 United States. The council was held on the banks of the Mis- 
 sissippi, above Davenport, and was the largest assemblage of the 
 kind ever held by the Sacs and Foxes to treat for the sale of lands. 
 About one thousand of their cliiefs and braves were present, and 
 Keokuk was their leading spirit and principal speaker on the 
 occasion. By the terms of the treaty, the Sacs and Foxes were re- 
 moved to another reservation on the Des Moines River, where an 
 agency was established for them at what is now the town of 
 Agency City. 
 
 Besides the Keokuk Reserve the government gave out of the 
 Black Hawk Purchase to Antoine Le Clair, interp(!ter, in fee sim- 
 ple, one section of land opposite Rock island, and another at the 
 head of the first rapids above the island, on the Iowa side. This 
 was the first land title granted by the United States to an individ- 
 ual in Iowa. 
 
 Soon after the removal of Sacs and Foxes to their Jievv reserva- 
 tion on the Des Moines River, Gen. Joseph M. Street was transfered 
 from the agency of the Winnebagoes, at Prairie du Chein, to estab- 
 lish an agency among them. A farm was selected, on which, 
 the necessary buildings erected, includmg a comfortable larm 
 house for the agent and his family, at tlie expense iA' the 
 Indian Fund. A salaried agent was employed to superintend 
 the farm and dispose of the crops. Two mills were erected, one 
 on Soap Creek, and ttie other on Sugar Creek. The latter was 
 soon swept away by a Hood, but the former remained and did 
 good service for many years. Connected with tlie agency were 
 Joseph Smart and Juhn Goodell, interpreters. The latter was in- 
 terperter for Plard Fish's band. Three of the Indian chiefs' Keo- 
 kuk, W^apello and Appanoose, had each a large field improved, 
 the two former on the right bank of the Des Moines, back from 
 the river, in what is now Keokuk's Prairie, and the latter on the 
 present site of the city of Ottumwa. A.nung the traders connected 
 with tile agency were tlie Messrs. iiiwing, fioiu Ohio, and Phelps 
 
34 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 & Co., from Illinois, and al^o Mr. J. P. Eddy, who established his 
 post at what is now the site of Eddy ville. 
 
 The Indians at this agency became idle and listless in the 
 absence of their natural and wonted excitements, and many of 
 them plunged into dissipation. Keokuk himself bacame dis- 
 sipated in the latter years of his life, and it has been reported that 
 he died of delirium tremens after his removal with his tribe to 
 Kansas. 
 
 In May, 1848, most of the Indians were removed up the Des 
 Moines River, aljove the temporary line of Red Rock, having ceded 
 the remnant of their lands in Iowa to the United States on the 
 21st of September, 1837, and on the 11th of October 1842. By 
 the terms of the latter treaty, they lield possessisn of the "New 
 Purchase" till the Autum of 184-5, when the most of them wore 
 removed to their reservation in Kansas, the balance being removed 
 in the Spring of 184G. 
 
 1. Treaty with the Sioux.— Made July 19, 1815: ratified De- 
 cember 16, 1815. This treaty was made at Portage des Sioux, be- 
 tween the Sioux of Minnesota and Upper Iowa and the Uniied 
 States, by William Clark and Ninian Edwards, Commissioners, 
 and was merely a treaty of peace and triendship on the part of 
 those Indians toward the United States at the close of the war of 
 1812. 
 
 2. Treaty with the Sacs. — A similar treaty of peace was made 
 at Portage des Sioux, between the United States and the Sacs, by 
 William Clark, Ninian Edwards and Auguste Choteau, on the loth 
 of September, 1815, ami ratitied at the same date as the above. In. 
 this, the treaty of 1804 was re-affirmed, and the Sacs here repre- 
 sented promised for themselves and their bands to keep entirely 
 seporate from the Sacs of Rock River, who, under Black Hawk, had 
 joined the Britisli in the war just then closed. 
 
 3. Treaty with the Foxes. — A separate treaty of peace was 
 made with Koxes at Portage des Sioux by the same Commissioners 
 on the 14th of Septembr, 1815, and ratitied the same as the above, 
 wherein the Foxes re-affirmed the treaty at St. Louis, of Novem- 
 ber 3, 1804, and agreed to deliver up all tlieir prisoners to the 
 oliicer in command at Fort Clark now Peoria, Illinois. 
 
 4. Treaty with the lowas. — A treaty of peace and mutual good 
 will was made between th'-; United States and the Iowa tribe of 
 Indians, at Portage des Sioux, by the same Commissioners as 
 above, on the Kith of September 1815, at the close of the war 
 withCireat Britain, and ratified at tlie same date as the othars. 
 
 5. Treaty witli the Sacs at Rock River. — Made at St. Louis on 
 the 13th of May, 1816, between the Unitad States and the Sacs of 
 Rock River, by tiie Commissioners, William Clark, Ninian Ed- 
 wards and Auguste Choteau, and ratified December 30, 1816. In 
 this treaty, that of 1804 was re-established and confirmed by 
 twenty-two chiefs and head men of the Sacs of Rock River, and 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 35 
 
 Black Hawk himself attached to it his signature, or, ^as he said, 
 "touched the goose quill." 
 
 6. treaty of 1824.— On the 4th of August, 1824, a treaty was 
 made between the United States and the Sacs and Foxes, 
 in the city of Washington, by William Clark, Commissioner, 
 wherein the Sac and Fox nation relinquished their title to all lands 
 in Missouri, and that portion of the southeast corner of Iowa 
 know as the "Hal-Breed Tract" was set off and reserved for the use 
 of the half-breeds of the Sacs and Foxes, they holding title in the 
 same manner as Indians. Ratified January 18, 1825. 
 
 7. Treaty oi August 19, 1825. — At this date a treaty was made 
 by William Clark and Lewis Cass, at Prairie du Cliien, betwen 
 the United States and the Chippewas, Sacs and Foxes, Menom- 
 onees, Winnebagoes and a ])ortion of the Ottawas and Pottawatom- 
 ies. In this treat}^ in order to make peace between the contend- 
 ing tribes as to the limits of their respective hunting grounds in 
 Iowa, it was agreed that the United States Government should 
 run a boundary line between the Sioux, on the north, and the 
 Sacs and Foxes, on south, as follows: 
 
 Commencing at the mouth of the Upper Iowa River, on, the 
 west bank of the Mississii)pi, and ascending said Iowa River to 
 its west fork; thence up to the fork to its source; thence crossing 
 the fork of Red Cedar River in a direct line to the second or upper 
 fork of the Des Moines River; thence in a direct line to the lower 
 fork of the Calumet River, and down that river to its junction with 
 the Missouri Rivo-r. 
 
 8. Treaty of 1830.— On the 15th of July, 1830, the confederate 
 tribes of the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States a strip of 
 country lying south of the above line, twenty miles in width and 
 extending along the line a forosaid from the Mississippi to the 
 Des Moines River. The Sioux also, whose possessions were north 
 of the line, ceded to the Government, in the same treaty, a like 
 strip on the north side of the boundary. Thus the United States, 
 at the ratification of this treaty, February 24, 1831, came into pos- 
 session of a portion of Iowa fort}' miles wide, extending along the 
 Clark and Cass line of 1825, from the Mississippi to the Des 
 Moines River. This territory was known as the "Neutral Ground" 
 and the tribes on either side of the line were allowed to fish and 
 hunt on it unmolested till it was made a Winnebago reservation, 
 and the Winnebagoes were removed to it in 1841. 
 
 9. Treaty with the Sacs and Foxes and other Tribes. — At the 
 same time of the above treaty respecting the "Neutral Ground" 
 (July 15, 1830), the Sacs and Foxes, Western Sioux, Omalias, 
 lowas and Missouris ceded to the United States a portion of the 
 western slope of Iowa, the boundaries of which were defined as 
 follows : 
 
 Beginning at the upper fork of the Des Moines River, and 
 |)assing the sources of the little Sioux and Floyd Rivers, to the 
 
36 HISTOEY OF IOWA. 
 
 fork of the first creek that falls into the Big Sioux, or Calument, 
 on the east side; thence down said creek and the Calumet River 
 to the Missouri River; thence down said Missouri River to the 
 Missouri State line above the Kansas; thence along said line to 
 the northwest corner of said State; thence to the high lands be- 
 tween the waters falling into the Missouri and Des Moines, pass- 
 ing to said high lands along the dividing ridge between the forks 
 of the Grand River; thence along said high lands or ridge separat- 
 ing the waters of the Missouri from those of the Des Moines, to a 
 point opposite the source of the Boyer River, and thence in a 
 direct line to the upper fork of the Des Moines, the place of begin- 
 ning. 
 
 It was understood that the land,s ceded and relinquished by this 
 treaty were to be assigned and allotted, under the direction of the 
 President of the United States, to the tribes then living thereon, 
 or to such other tribes as the President might locate thereon, for 
 hunting and other purposes. In consideration of three tracts of 
 land ceded in this treaty, the United States agreed to pay to the 
 Sacs three thousand dollars; to the Foxes, three thousand dol- 
 lars; to the Sioux two thousand dollars; to the Yankton and San- 
 tee bands of Sioux, three thousands dollars; to the Omahas, two 
 thousand five hundred dollars; and to the Otoes and Missouris, 
 two thousand five hundred dollars — to be paid annually lor ten 
 successive years. In addition to these annuities, the Government 
 agreed to furnish some of the tribes with blacksmiths and agricul- 
 tural implements to the amount of two hundred dollars, at the ex- 
 pense of the United States, and to set apart three thousand dollars 
 annually for the education of the children of these tribes. It does 
 not appear that any tort was erected in this territory prior to the 
 erection of Fort Atkinson on the Neutral Ground, in 1840-1. 
 
 This treaty was made by William Clark, Superintendent of In- 
 dian affairs, and Col. Willoughby Mor an, of the United States 
 First Infantry, and came into effect bv proclamation, February 24, 
 1881. 
 
 SPANISH GRANTS. 
 
 While the territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was un- 
 der Spanish rule as a part of its province of Louisiana, certain 
 claims to and grants of land were made by the Spanish authori- 
 ties, with which, in addition to the extinguishment of Indian 
 titles, the United States, had to deal. It is proper that these 
 should be briefly reviewed: 
 
 Dubuque. — On the 22d day of September, 1788, Julien Dubuque, 
 a Frenchman, from Prairie du Chien, obtained from tlie Foxes a 
 cession or lease of lands on the Mississippi River for mining pur- 
 poses, on the site of the present city of Dubuque. Lead had been 
 discovered here eight years before, in 1780, by the wife of Peosta 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA, 37 
 
 Fox, a warrior, and Dubuque's claim embraced nearly all tHe lead 
 bearing lands in that vicinity. He inmiediately took possession 
 of his claim and commenced mining, at the same time making a 
 settlement. The place became known as the "Spanish Miners," 
 or, more commonly, "Dubuque's Lead Mines." 
 
 In 1796, Dubuque filed a petition with Baron de Carondelet, 
 the Spanish Goveruor of Louisiana, asking that the tract ceded to 
 him by the Indians might be granted to him by patent from the 
 Spanish Government. In this petition Dubuque rather indefin- 
 itely set forth the boundaries of his claim as "about seven leagues 
 along the Mississippi River, and three leagues in width from 
 the river," intending to include, as is supposed, the river 
 front between the Little Maquoketa and the Tete des Mertz 
 Rivers, embracing more than twenty thousand acres. Caron- 
 delet granted the prayer of the petition, and the grant was subse- 
 quently confirmed by the Board of Land Commissioners of Louis- 
 iana. 
 
 In October, 1804, Dubuque transfered the larger part of his 
 claim to Auguste Choteau, of St. Louis, and on the 17th of May, 
 1805, he and Choteau jointly filed their claims with the Board of 
 Commissioners. On the 20th of September, 1806, the Board de- 
 cided in their favor, pronouncing the claim to be a regular Span- 
 ish grant, made and compeleted prior to the 1st day of October, 
 1800, only one member, J. B. C. Lucas, dissenting. 
 
 Dubuque died March 24, 1810. The Indians, understanding that 
 the claim of Dubuque under their former act of cession was only 
 a permit to occupy the tract and work the mines during his life, 
 and that at his death they reverted to them took possession and 
 continued mining operations, and were sustained by the military 
 authority of the United States, notwithstanding the decision of 
 the Commissioners. When the Black Hawk purcdase was con- 
 summated, the Dubuque claim thus held by the Indians was ab- 
 sorbed by the United States, as the Sacs and Foxes made no reser- 
 vation of it in the treaty of 1832. 
 
 The heirs of Choteau, however, were not disposed to relinquish 
 their claim without a struggle. Late in 1832, they employed an 
 agent to look ofter their interests, and authorized him to lease the 
 right to dig lead on the lands. The miners who commenced work 
 under this agent were compelled by the military to abandon their 
 operations, and one of the claimants, went to Galena to institute 
 legal proceedings, but found no court of competent jurisdiction, 
 although he did bring an action for the recovery of a quantity of 
 lead dug at Dupuque, for the purpose of testing the title. Being 
 unable to identify the lead, however, he was non-suited. 
 
 By act of Congress, approved July 2, 1836, the town of Dubuque 
 was surveyed and platted. After lots had been sold and occupied 
 by the purchasers, Henry Choteau brought an action of ejectment 
 
38 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 against Patrick Malony, who held land in Dubuque under a patent 
 from the United States, for the recovery of seven undivided eighth 
 parts of the Dubuque claim, as purchased by Auguste Choteau in 
 1804. The case was tried in the District Court of the United 
 States for the District of Iowa, and was decided adversely to the 
 plaintiff. The case was carried to the Supreme Court of the United 
 States on a writ of error, when it was heard at tho December 
 term, 1853, and the decision of the lower court was affirmed, the 
 court holding that the permit from Carondelet was merely a lease, 
 or permit to work tlie mines; that Dubuque asked, and the Gover- 
 nor of Louisiana granted, nothing more than the "peaceable pos- 
 session of certain lands obtained from the Indians; that Caron- 
 dolet had no legal authority to make such a grant as claimed, and 
 that, even if he had, this was but an "in choate and imperfected 
 title." 
 
 Girard. — In 1795, the Lietenant Governor of Upper Louisiana 
 granted to Basil Giard five thousand eight hundred and sixty 
 acres of land, in what is now Clayton County, known as the "Girard 
 Tract." He occupiad the land during the time that Iowa passed 
 from Spain to France, and from France to the United States, in 
 consideration of which the Federal Government granted a patent 
 of the same to Girrad in his own right. His heirs sold the whole 
 tract to James H. Lockwood and Thomas P. Burnett, of Prairie du 
 Chien, for three hundred dollars. 
 
 Honori. — March 30, 1799, Zenon Trudeau, acting Lieutenant 
 Governor of Upper Liousiana, granted to Louis Honori a tract of 
 land on the site of the present town of Montrose, as follows: "It is 
 permitted to Mr. Louis (Fesson) Honori, or Louis Honore Fes- 
 Bon, to establish himself at the head of the rapids of the River 
 Des Moines, and his establishment once funned, notice of it shall 
 be given to the Governor General, i.i order to obtain for 
 him a commission of a space sufficient to give value to such 
 establishment, and at the same time to render it useful to the 
 commerce of the peltries of this country, to watch the Indians 
 and keep them in tiie lldelity which they owe to His Majesty." 
 
 Honori took immediate possession of his claim, which he re- 
 tained until 1805. While trading with the natives he became in- 
 debted to Joseph Pu)bedoux, who obtained an execution on which 
 the property was sold i.\lay 13, 1803, and was purchased by the cred- 
 itor. In these proceedings tlie pro])erty was described as being 
 "ahout six leaugues above the River Des Moines." Robedoux died 
 soon after he purchased the proi)erty. Auguste Choteau, his ex- 
 ecutor, disposed of the Honori Tract to Thomas F. Ueddeck, in 
 April, 1805, up to which time Honori confined to occupy it. The 
 grant, as made by the Spanish Government, was a league square, 
 but only one mile square was confirmed by the United States. 
 After the half-breeds sold their lands in which the Honori grant 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 41 
 
 Court for the Territory of Iowa, on the 8th of May, 1841, and 
 certified to by the Clerk on the 2d day of June of that year. Ed- 
 ward Johnstone and Hugh T. lieid, then law partners at Fort 
 Madison, filed the petition for the decree in behalf of the St. Louis 
 claimants of half-breed lands. Francis S. Key, author of the Star 
 Spangled Banner, who was then attorney for the New York Land 
 Company, which held heavy interest in these lands, took a leading 
 part in the measure, and drew up the document in which it was 
 presented to the court. Judge Charles Mason, of Burlington, pre- 
 sided. The plan of partition divided the tract into one hundred 
 and one shares, and arranged that each claimant should draw his 
 proportion by lot, and should abide the result, whatever it might 
 be. The arrangement was entered into, the lots drawn, and the 
 plat of the same filed in the Recorder's office, October 6, 1841. 
 Upon this basis the titles to land in the Half-Breed Tract are now 
 held. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 The first perraament settlement by the whites within the limits 
 of Iowa was made by Julien Dubuque, in 1788, when, with a small 
 party of miners, he settled on the site of the city that now bears 
 his name, where he lived until his death, in 1810. Louis Honori 
 settled on the site of the present town of Montrose, probably in 
 1799, and resided there until 1805, when his property passed into 
 other hands. Of the Girard settlement, opposite Prairie du Chien, 
 little is known, except that it was occupied by some parties prior 
 to the commencement of the present century, and contained three 
 cabins in 1805. Indian traders, although not strictly to be con- 
 sidered settlers, had established themselves at various points at an 
 an early date. A Mr. Johnson, Agent of the American Fur Com- 
 pany, had a trading post below Burlington, where he carried on 
 traffic with the Indians some time before the United States pos- 
 sessed the country. In 1820, Le Moliese, a French trader, had a 
 station at what is now Sandusky six miles above Keokuk, in Lee 
 County. In 1829. Dr. Isaac Gallaud made a settlement on the 
 Lower Rapids, at what is now Nashville. 
 
 The first settlement in Lee county was made in 1820, by Dr. 
 Samuel C. Muir, a surgeon in the United States army, who had 
 been stationed at Fort Edwards, now Warsaw, 111., and who built 
 a cabin where the city of Keokuk now stands. 
 
 Messrs. Reynolds & Culver, who had leased Dr. Muir's claim at 
 Keokuk, subsequently employed as their agent Mr, Moses Still- 
 well, who arrived with his family in 1828, and took possession of 
 Muir's cabin. His brothers-in-law, Amos and Valencourt Van 
 Ansdal came with him and settled near. 
 
 His daughter, Margaret Stillwell (afterward Mrs. Ford), was 
 born in 1831, at the foot of the rapids, called by the Indians Puch- 
 a-she-tuck, where Keokuk now stands. She was probably the first 
 white American child born in Iowa. 
 
42 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 In 1831, Mr. Johnson, agent of the American Fur Company, 
 who had a station at the foot of the rapids, removed to another lo- 
 cation, and Dr. Muir having returned from Galena, he and Isaac 
 R. Campbell took the place and buildings vacated by the Company, 
 and carried on trade with the Indians and half-breeds, Campbell, 
 who had first visited and traveled through the southern part of 
 Iowa, in 1821, was an enterprising settler, and besides trading with 
 the natives, carried on a farm and kept a tavern. 
 
 Dr. Muir died of cholera in 1832. 
 
 In 1830, James L. and Lucius H. Langworthy, brothers and na- 
 tives of Vermont, visited the Territory for the purpose of working 
 the lead mines at Dubuque. They had been engaged in lead min- 
 ing at Galena, Illinois, the former as early as 1824. The lead 
 mines in the Dubuque region were an object of great interest to 
 the miners about Galena, ibr they were known to be rich in lead 
 ore. To explore these mines and to obtain permission to work 
 them was therefore eminently desirable. 
 
 In 1829, James L. Langworthy resolved to visit the Dubuque 
 mines. Crossing the Mississippi at a point now known as Dun- 
 leith in a canoe, and swimming his horse by his side, he landed on 
 the spot now known as Jones Street Levee. Before him spread 
 out a beautiful prairie, on which the city of Dubuque now stands. 
 Two miles south, at the mouth of Catfish Creek, was a village of 
 Sacs and Foxes. Thither Mr. Langworthy proceeded, and was 
 well received by the natives. He -endeavored to obtain permission 
 from them to mine in their hills, but this they refused. He, how- 
 ever, succeeded in gaining the confidence of the chief to such an 
 extent as to be allowed to travel in the interior for three weeks and 
 explore the country. He employed two young Indians as guides, 
 and traversed in different directions the whole region lying between 
 the Maquoketa and Turkey Kivers. He returned to the village, 
 secured the good will of the Indians, and returning to Galena, 
 formed plans for future operations, to be executed as soon as cir- 
 cumstances would permit. 
 
 In 1830, with his brother, Lucius H., and others, having ob- 
 tained the consent of the Indians, Mr. Langworthy crossed the 
 Mississippi and commenced mining in the vicinity around Du- 
 buque. 
 
 At this time, the lands were not in the actual possession of the 
 United States. Although they had been purchased from France, 
 the Indian title had not been extinguished, and these adventurous 
 persons were beyond the limits of auy State or Territorial govern- 
 ment. The first settlers were therefore obliged to be their own 
 law-makers, and to agree to such regulations as the exigencies of 
 the case demanded. The first act resembling civil legislation 
 within the limits of the present State of Iowa was done hy the 
 miners at this point., in June, 1830. They met on the bank of the 
 river, by the side of an old cotton wood drift log, at what is now 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 43 
 
 the Jones Street Levee, Dubuque, and elected u committee, con- 
 sisting of J. L. Langworthy, H. F. Lander, James McPhetres, 
 Samuel Scales, and E. M. Wren. This may be called the first 
 Legislature in Iowa, the members of which gathered around that 
 old Cottonwood log, and agreed to and reported the following, 
 written by Mr. Langworthy, on a half-sheet of coarse, unruled paper, 
 the old log being the writing desk: 
 
 We, a Committe3, having been chosen to draft certain rules and regulations 
 (laws) by which we, as miners, wdl be governed, and having duly considered 
 the subject, do unanimously agree that we will be governed by the regula-: 
 tions on th^ east side of the JMississippi Kiver,* with the following exceptions, 
 to wit: 
 
 Article I. That each and every man shall hold 200 yards square of ground 
 by working said ground one day in six. 
 
 Article II. We further agree that there shall be chosen, by the majority 
 of the miners present, a person who shall hold this article, and who shall gi-ant 
 letters of arbitration on application having been made, and that said letters of 
 arbitration shall hi obligatory on the parties so applying. 
 
 The report was accepted by the miners present, who elected Dr. 
 Jarote, in accordance with Article 2. Here, then, we have in 1830, 
 a primitive Legislature elected by the people, the law drafted by it 
 being submitted to the people for approval, and under it Dr. Jarote 
 was elected first Governor within the limits of the present State of 
 Iowa. And it is to be said that the laws thus enacted were 
 as promptly obeyed, and the acts of the executive officer thus 
 elected as duly respected, as any have been since. 
 
 The miners who had thus erected an independent government 
 of their own on the west side of the Mississippi River, continued 
 to work successfully for a long time, and the new settlement at- 
 tracted considerable attention. But the west side of the Mississ- 
 ippi belonged to the Sac and Fox Indians, and the Government in 
 order to preserve peace on the frontier, as well as to protect the 
 Indians in their rights under the treaty, ordered the settlers not 
 only to stop mining, but to remove from the Indian territory. 
 They were simply intruders. The execution of this order was en- 
 trusted to .Col. Zachary Taylor, then in command of the military 
 post at Prairie du Chien, who, early in July, sent an officer to the 
 miners with orders to forbid settlement, and to command the 
 miners to remove within ten days to the east side of the Missis- 
 sippi, or they would be driven off by armed force. The miners, 
 however; were reluctant about leaving the rich " leads" they had 
 already discovered and opened, and were not disposed to obey the 
 order to remove with any considerable degree of alacrity. In due 
 time. Col. Taylor dispatched a detachment of troops to enforce his 
 order. The miners, anticipating their arrival, had, excepting 
 three, recrossed the river, and from the east bank saw the troops 
 land on the western shore. The three who had linijered a little 
 
 *Established by the Superintendent of U. S. Lead Mines at Fever River. 
 
44 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 too long were, however, permitted to make their escape unmolest- 
 ed. From this time a military force was stationed at Uubuque to 
 prevent the settlers from returning, until June, 1832. The In- 
 dians returned, and were encouraged to operate the rich mines 
 opened by the late white occupants. 
 
 In June 1832, the troops were ordered to the east side to assist 
 in the annihilation of the very Indians whose rights they had been 
 protecting on the west side. Immediately after the close of the 
 Black Hawk war, and the negotiations of the treaty in September, 
 1832, by which the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States the 
 tract known as the ''Black Hawk Purchase," the settlers, suppos- 
 ing that now they had a right to re-enter the Territory, returned 
 and took possession of their claims, built cabins, erected furnaces, 
 and prepared large quantities of lead for market. Dubuque was 
 becoming a noted place on the river-, but the prospects of the hardy 
 and enterprising settlers and miners were again ruthlessly inter- 
 fered with by the government, on the ground that the treaty with 
 the Indians would not go into force until June 1, 1833, although 
 they had withdrawn from the vicinity of the settlement. Col. 
 Taylor was again ordered by the War Department to remove the 
 miners, and in January, 1833, troops were again sent from Prairie 
 du Chien to Dubuque for that purpose. This was a serious and 
 perhaps unnecessary hardship imposed upon the settlers. They 
 were compelled to abandon their cabins and homes in midwinter. 
 It must be now said, simply that "red tape" should be respected. 
 The purchase had been made, the treaty ratified, or was sure to be; 
 the Indians had retired, and, after the lapse of nearly fifty years, 
 no very satisfactory reason for this rigorous action of the Govern- 
 ment can be given. 
 
 But the orders had been given, and there was no alternative but 
 to obey. Many of the settlers recrossed the river and did not re- 
 turn ; a few, however, removed to an island near the east bank of 
 the river, built rude cabins of poles, in which to store their lead 
 until spring, when they could float the fruits of their labor to St. 
 Louis for sale, and where they could remain until the treaty went 
 into force, when they could return. Among these were James L. 
 Langworthy, and his brother Lucius, who had on hand about three 
 hundred thousand pounds of lead. 
 
 Lieut. Covington, who had been placed in command at Dubuque 
 by Col. Taylor, ordered some of the cabins of the settlers to be 
 torn down, and wagons and other property to be destroyed. This 
 wanton and inexcusable action on the part of a subordinate clothed 
 with a little brief authority was sternly rebuked by Col. Taylor, 
 and Covington was superseded by Lieut. Geo. Wilson, who pursued 
 a just and friendly course with the pioneers, who were only waiting 
 for the time when they could repossess their claims. 
 
 June 1, 1833, the treaty formally went into effect, the troops 
 were withdrawn, nnd the Langworthy brothers and a few others at 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 45 
 
 once returned and resumed possession o£ their home claims and 
 mineral prospects, and from this time the first permament settle- 
 ment of this portion of Iowa must date. Mr. John P. Sheldon 
 was appointed Superintendent of the mines by the Government, 
 and a system of permits to miners and licenses to smelters was 
 adopted, similar to that which had been in operation at Galena, 
 since 1825, under Lieut. Martin Thomas and Capt, Thomas C. Le- 
 gate. Substantially the primitive law enacted by the miners as- 
 sembled around that old cottonwood drift log in 1830 was adopted 
 and enforced by the United States Government, except that miners 
 were required to sell their mineral to licensed smelters, and the 
 smelter was required to give bonds for the payment of six per 
 cent, of all lead manufactured to the Government. This was 
 the same rule adopted in the United States mines on Fever River 
 in Illinois, except that, until 1830, the Illinois miners were com- 
 pelled to pay ten per cent tax. This tax upon the miners created 
 much dissatisfaction among the miners on the west side as it had 
 on the east side of- the Mississippi. They thought they had suf- 
 fered hardships and privations enough in opening the way for 
 civilization without being subjected to the imposition of an odious 
 government tax upon their means of subsistence, when the Fed- 
 eral Government could better aiford to aid than to extort from 
 them. The measure soon became unpopular. It was difficult to 
 collect the taxes, and the whole system was abolished in about ten 
 years. 
 
 During 1883, after the Indian title was fully extinguished, about 
 five hundred people arrived at the mining district, about one hun- 
 dred and fifty of them from Galena. 
 
 In the same year Mr. Langworthy assisted in building the first 
 school house in Iowa, and thus was formed the nucleus of the now 
 populous and thriving city of Dubuque. Mr. Langworthy lived to 
 see the naked prairie on which he first landed become the site of a 
 city of fifteen thousand inhabitants, the small school house which 
 he aided in constructing replaced by three substantial edifices, 
 wherein two thousand children were being trained, churches 
 erected in every part of the city, and railroads connecting the 
 wilderness which he first explored with all the eastern world. He 
 died suddenly on the 13th of March, 1865, while on atrip over the 
 Dubuque & Southwestern Railroad, at Monticello, and the evening 
 train brought news of his death and his remains. 
 
 Lucius H. Langworthy, his brother, was one of the most worthy, 
 gifted and influential of the old settlers of this section of Iowa. 
 He died, greatly lamented by many friends, in June, 1865. 
 
 The name Dubuque was given to the settlement by miners at a 
 meeting held in 1834. 
 
 In 1832, Captain James "White made a claim on the present site 
 of Montrose. In 1834 a military post was established at this point 
 
46 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 and a garrison of cavalry was stationed here, under the command 
 of Col. Stephen W. Kearney, The soldiers were removed from 
 this post to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1837. 
 
 During the same year, 1832, soon after the close of the Black 
 Hawk war, Zachariah Hawkins, Benjamin Jennings, Aaron 
 White, Augustiue Horton, Samuel Gooch, Daniel Thompson and 
 Peter Williams made claims at Fort Madison. In 1883, these 
 claims were purchased by John and Nathaniel Knapp, upon which, 
 in 1835, they laid out the town. The next summer, lots were 
 sold. The town was subsequently re-surveyed and platted by the 
 United States Government. 
 
 At the close of the Black Hawk War, parties who had been im- 
 patiently looking across upon ''Flint Hills,^' row Burlington, came 
 over from Illinois and made claims. The first was Samuel S. 
 White, in the fall of 1832, who erected a cabin on the site of the 
 city of Burlington. About the same time, David Tothero made 
 a claim on the prairie about three miles back from from the river, 
 at a place since known as the farm of Judge Morgan. In the 
 winter of that year, they were driven off by the military from 
 Rock Island, as intruders upon the rights of the Indians, and 
 White's cabin was burnt by the soldiers. He retired to Illinois, 
 where he spent the winter, and in the summer, as soon as the In- 
 dicin title was extinguished, returned and rebuilt his cabin. 
 White was joined by his brother-in-law, Doolitle, and they laid out 
 the original town of Burlington, in 1834. 
 
 All along the river borders of the Black Hawk Purchase settlers 
 were flocking into Iowa. Immediately after the treaty with the 
 Sacs and Foxes, in September, 1832, Col. George Davenport made 
 the first claim on the spot where the thriving city of Davenport 
 now stands. As early as 1827, Col. Davenport had established a 
 flatboat ferry, which ran between the island and the main shore of 
 Iowa, by which he carried on a trade with the Indians Avest of the 
 Mississippi. In 1833, Capt. Benjamin W. Clark moved across from 
 Illinois, and laid the foundation of the town of Buffalo, in Scott 
 county, which was the first actual settlement within the limits of 
 that county. Among other early settlers in this part of the Ter- 
 ritory Avere Adrian H. Davenport, Col. John Sullivan, Mulligan 
 and Franklin Easly, Capt. John Coleman, J. M. Camp, William 
 White, H. W. Higgins, Cornelius Harrold, Richard Harrison, E. 
 H. Shepherd and Dr. E. S. Barrows. 
 
 The first settlers of Davenport were Antoine LeClaire, Col. 
 George Davenport, Major Thomas Smith, Major William Gordon, 
 Philip Hambaugh, Alexander W. McGregor, Levi. S. Colton, Capt. 
 James May and others. Of Antoine LeClaire, as the representa- 
 tive of the two races of men who, at this time occupied Iowa, Hon. 
 C. C. Nourse, in his admirable Centennial address, says: "Antoine 
 LeClaire was born in St. Joseph, Michigan, 1797. His father 
 was French, his mother a granddaughter of a Pottawattamie chief. 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 47 
 
 111 1818 he acted as official interpreter to Col. Davenport, at Fort 
 Armstrong (now Rock Island). He was well acquainted with a 
 dozen Indian dialects, and was a man of strict integrity and great 
 energy. In 1820 he married the granddaughter of a Sac chief. 
 The Sac and Fox Indians reserved for him and his wife two sec- 
 tions of land in the treaty of 1833, one at the town of LeClaire 
 and one at Davenport. The Pottawattamies, in the treaty at 
 Prairie du Chien, also reserved for him two sections of land, at the 
 present site of Moline, III. He received the appointment of Post- 
 master and Justice of the Peace in the Black Hawk Purchase, at 
 an early day. In 1833 he bought for $100 a claim on the land 
 upon which the original town of Davenpoit was surveyed and 
 platted in 1836. In 1836 LeClaire built the hotel, known since, 
 with its valuable addition, as the LeClaire House. He died Sep- 
 tember 25, 1861." 
 
 In Clayton county the first settlement was made in the Spring of 
 1832, on Turkey River, by Robert Hatfield and William W. Way- 
 man. No further settlements were made in this part of the State 
 till the beginning of 1836. 
 
 In that portion now known as Muscatine county, settlements 
 were made in 1831, by Benjamin Nye, John Vanater and G. W. 
 Kasey, who were the first settlers. E. E. Fay, William St. John, 
 N. Fullington, H. Reece, Jona. Pettibone, R. P. Lowe, Stephen 
 Whicher, Abijah Whiting, J. E. Fletcher, W. D. Abernethy and 
 Alexis Smith were early settlers of Muscatine. 
 
 During the summer of 1835, William Bennett and his family, 
 from Galena, built the first cabin within the present limits of 
 Delaware county, in some timber since known as Eads' Grove. 
 
 The first postoffice in Iowa was established at Dubuque in 1833. 
 Milo H, Prentice was appointed postmaster. 
 
 The fi;rst Justice of the Peace was Antoine LeClaire, appointed 
 in 1833, as "a very suitable person to adjust the difficulties be- 
 tween the white settlers and the Indians still remaining there." 
 
 The first Methodist Society in the Territory was formed at Du- 
 buque on the 18th of May, 1831, and the first class meeting was 
 held June 1st of that year. 
 
 The first church bell brought into Iowa was in March, 1834. 
 
 The first mass of the Roman Catholic Church in the Territory 
 was celebrated at Dubuque, in the house of Patrick Quigley, in 
 ihe fall of 1833. 
 
 The first school-house in the Territory was erected by the Du- 
 buque miners in 1833. 
 
 The first Sabbath school was organized at Dubuque early in the 
 Summer of 1834. 
 
 The first woman who came to this part of the Territory with a 
 Tiew to permanent residence, was Mrs. Noble F. Dean, in the Fall 
 of 1832. 
 
48 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 The iirst family that lived in this part of Jowa was that of 
 Hosea T. Camp, iu 1832. 
 
 The iirst meeting house was built by the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, at Dubuque, iu 1834. 
 
 The first newspa})er in Iowa was the Dubuque Visitor, issued 
 May 11th, 1836. John King, afterward Judge King, was editor, 
 and William C. Jones, printer. 
 
 The pioneers of lowa^ as a class, where brave, hardy, intelligent 
 and enterprising people. 
 
 As early as 1824, a French trader named Hart had established a 
 trading post, and built a cabin on the bluffs above the large spring 
 now known as "Mynster Spring," within the limits of the pres- 
 ent city of Council Bluffs, and had probably been there some time, 
 as the post was known to the employes of the American Fur 
 Company as Lacofc de Hart, or "Hart's Bluff." In 1827 an 
 agent of the American Fur Company, Francis Guittar, with others, 
 encamped in the timber at the foot of the bluffs, about on the 
 present location of Broadway, and afterward settled there. In 
 1839 a block house was built on the bluff in the east part of the 
 city. The Pottawattamie Indians occupied this part of the State 
 until 1846-7, when they relinquished the territory and removed to 
 Kansas. Billy Caldwell was then principal chief. There were no 
 white settlers in that part of the State, except Indian traders, 
 until the arrival of the Mormons under the lead of Brigham 
 Young. These people, on their way westward, halted for the 
 Winter of 184G 7 on the west bank of the Missouri River, about 
 five miles above Omaha, at a place now called Florence. Some of 
 them had reached the eastern bank of the river the Spring before, 
 in season to plant a crop. In the Spring of 1847, Young and a 
 portion of the colony pursued their journey to Salt Lake, but a 
 large portion of them returned to the Iowa side and settled mainly 
 within the limits of Pottawattamie County. The principal settle- 
 ment of this strange community was at a place called "Miller's 
 Hollow," on Indian Creek, and afterward named Kanesville, in 
 honor of Col. Kane, of Pennsylvania, who visited them soon after- 
 ward. The Mormon settlement extended over the county and into 
 neighboring counties, wherever timber and water furnished 
 desirable locations. Orson Hyde, priest, lawyer and editor, was 
 installed as President of the (Juorum of Twelve, and all that part 
 of the State remained under Mormon control for several years. 
 In 1840, they raised a battalion, numbering some five hundred 
 men, for the Mexican war. In 1848 Hyde started a paper called 
 the Frontier Guardian, at Kanesville. In 1849, after many of 
 the faithful had left to join Brigham Young at Salt Lake, the 
 Mormons in this section of Iowa numbered 6,552, and in 1850, 
 7,828, but they were not all within the limits of Pottawattamie 
 County. This county was organized in 1848, all the first officials 
 
HISTOKY OF IOWA, 49 
 
 being Mormons. In 1852 the order was pronmlgated that all the 
 true believers should gather together at Salt Lake. Gentiles 
 flocked in, and in a lew years nearly all the settlers were gone. 
 
 May 9, 1843, Captain James Allen, with a small detachment of 
 troops on board the steamer lone, arrived at the present site of the 
 capital of the Htate, Des Moines. The lone was the first steamer 
 to ascend the Des Moines Uiver to this point. The troops and 
 stores were landed at what is now the foot of Court avenue, Des 
 Moines, and Capt. Allen returned in the steamer to Fort Sanford 
 to arrange for bringing up more soldiers and supplies. In due 
 time, they, too, arrived, and a fort was built near the mouth of 
 Raccoon Fork, at i(s confluence with the Des Moines, and named 
 Fort Des Moines. Soon after the arrival of the troops, n trading 
 post was established on the east side of the river, by two noted 
 Indian traders named Ewing, from Ohio. 
 
 Among the first settlers in this part of Iowa were Benjamin 
 Bryant, J. B. Scott, James Drake (gunsmith), John Sturtevant, 
 Robert Kinzi*e, Alexander Turner, Peter Newcomer, and others. 
 
 The Western States have been settled by many of the best and 
 most enterprising men of the older States, and a large immigra- 
 tion of the best blood of the Old World, who, removing to an 
 arena of larger opportunies, in a more fertile soil and congenial 
 climate, have developed a spirit and energy peculiarly Western. 
 In no country on the globe have enterprises of all kinds been 
 pushed forward with such rapidity, or has there been such indepen- 
 dence and freedom of competition. Among those who have pio- 
 neered the civilization of the West, and been the founders of great 
 States, none have ranked higher in the scale of intelligence and 
 moral worth than the pioneers of Iowa, who came to the territoiy 
 when it was an Indian country, and through hardship, privation 
 and suffering, laid the foundation of the populous and prosperous 
 commonwealth which to-day dispenses its blessings to a million, 
 and a half of people. From her first settlement and from the 
 first organization as a territory to the present day, Iowa has had 
 able men to manage her affairs, wise statemen to shape her destiny 
 .ind frame her laws, and intelligent and impartial jurists to admin- 
 ister justice to her citizens; her bar, pulpit and press have been 
 able and widely influential; and in all the professions, arts, enter- 
 prises and industries which go to make up a great and prosperous 
 commonwealth, she has taken and holds a front rank among her 
 sister States of the West, 
 
 TERRITORIAL HISTORY. 
 
 By act of Congress, approved October 31, 1803, the President of 
 the United States was autliorized to take possession of the terri- 
 tory included in the Lousiana purchase, and provided for a tem- 
 porary government. By another act of the same session, approved 
 March 20, 1804, the newly acquired country was divided, October 
 
50 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 1st, 1804, into the territory of Orleans, south of the thirty-third 
 parallel of north latitude, and the district of Louisiana, which lat- 
 ter was placed under the authority of the officers of Indian Territory, 
 
 In 1802 the district of Louisiana was organized as a Territory, 
 with a government of its own. In 1807 Iowa was included in the 
 Territory of Illinois, and in 1812 in the Territory of Missouri. 
 When Missouri was admitted as a State, March 2, 1821, ''Iowa," 
 says Hon. C. C. Nourse, "was left a political orphan," until by 
 act of Congress, approved June 28, 1834, the Black Hawk pur- 
 chase having been made, all the territory west of the Mississippi 
 and north of the northern boundary of Missouri, was made a part of 
 Michigan Territory. Up to this time there had been no county 
 or other organization in what is now the State of Iowa, althougli 
 one or two Justices of the Peace had been appointed and a post- 
 office was established at Dubuque in 1833. In September, 1834, 
 however, the Territorial Legislature of Michigan created two coun- 
 ties on the west side of the Mississippi River, viz.: Dubuque and 
 Des Moines, separated by a line drawn westward from the foot of 
 Rock Island. These counties were partially organized. John 
 King was appointed Chief Justice of Dubuque County, and Isaac 
 Leffler of Burlington, of Des Moines County. Two Associate 
 Justices in each county were appointed by the Governor. 
 
 On the first Monday in October, 1825, Gen. Geo. W. Jones, now 
 a citizen of Dubuque, was elected a Delegate to Congress from this 
 part of Michigan Territory. On the 20th of April, 1836, through 
 the efforts of Gen. Jones, Congress passed a bill creating the Ter- 
 ritory of Wisconsin, which went into operation July 4, 1836, and 
 Iowa was then included in 
 
 THE TERRITORY OF WISCONSIN, 
 
 of which Gen. Henry Dodge was appointed Governor; John S. 
 Horner, Secretary of the Territory; Charles Dunn, Chief Justice; 
 David Irwin and Wm. C. Frazt-r, Associate Justices. 
 
 September 9, 1836, Gov. Dodge ordered the census of the new 
 territory to be taken. This census resulted in showing a popula- 
 tion of 10,531 in the counties of Dubuque and Des Moines. Un- 
 der the apportionment, these two counties were entitled to six 
 members of the Council and thirteen of the House of Representa- 
 tives. The Governor issued his proclamation for an election to be 
 held on the first Monday of October, 1836, on which day the fol- 
 lowing members of the First Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin 
 were elected from the two counties in the Black Hawk purchase: 
 
 Dubuque County. — Council: John Fally, Thomas McKnight, 
 Thomas McCarney. House: Loring Wheeler, Hardin Nowlan, 
 Peter Hill Engle, Patrick Quigley, Hosea T. Camp. 
 
 Des Moines Counti/. — Council: Jeremiah Smith, Jr., Joseph R. 
 Teas, Arthur B. Inghram. House: Isaac Leffler, Thomas Blair, 
 Warren L. Jenkins, John Box, George VV. Teas, Eli Reynolds, 
 David R. Chance. 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 51 
 
 The first Legislature assembled at Belmont, in the present State 
 of Wisconsin, on the 25th day of October, 1836, and was organized 
 by electing Henry T. Baird President of the Council, and Peter 
 Hill Engle, of Dubuque, Speaker of the House. It adjourned 
 December 9, 1836. 
 
 The second Legislature assembled at Burlington, November 10, 
 1837. Adjourned January 20, 1838. The third session was at 
 Burlington; commenced June 1st, and adjourned June 12, 1838. 
 
 During the first session of Wisconsin Territorial Legislature, 
 in 1836, the County of Des Moines was divided in Des Moines, 
 Lee, Van Buren, Henry, Muscatine and Cook (the latter being sub- 
 sequently changed to Scott) and defined their boundaries. During 
 the second session, out of the territory embraced in Dubuque 
 County, were created the counties of Dubuque, Clayton, Fayette, 
 Delaware, Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, Clinton and Cedar, 
 and their boundaries defined, but the most of them were not or- 
 ganized until several years afterward, under the authority of the 
 Territorial Legislature of Iowa. 
 
 The question of a separate territorial organization for Iowa, 
 which was then a part of Wisconsin Territory, began to be agitated 
 early in the autumn of 1837. The wishes of the people found ex- 
 pression in a convention held at Burlington on the 1st of Novem- 
 ber, which memorialized Congress to organize a Territory west of 
 the Mississippi, and to settle the boundary line between Wiscon- 
 sin Territory and Missouri. The Territorial Legislature of Wiscon- 
 sin, then in session at Burlington, joined in the petition. Gen. 
 Geo. W. Jones, of Dubuque, then residing at Sinsinawa Mound, 
 in what is now Wisconsin, was Delegate to Congress from Wis- 
 consin Territory, and labored so earnestly and successfully, that 
 "An act to divide the Territory of AVisconsin, and to establish the 
 Territorial Government of Iowa,'' was approved June 12, 1838, to 
 take effect and be in force on and after July 3, 1838. The new 
 Territory embraced "all that part of the present Territory of Wis- 
 consin which lies west of the Mississippi River, and west of a line 
 drawn due north from the headwaters or sources of the Mississippi 
 to the territorial line." The organic act provided for a Governor, 
 whose term of office should be three years, and for a Secretary, 
 Chief Justice, two Associate Justices, and Attorney and Marshal, 
 who should serve four years, to be appointed by the President, by 
 and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The act also pro- 
 vided for the election, by the white male inhabitants, citizens of 
 the United States, over twenty-one years of age, of a House of 
 Representatives, consisting of twenty-six members, and a Coun- 
 cil, to consist of thirteen members. It also appropriated $5,000 
 for a public library, and $20,000 for the erection of public build- 
 ings. 
 
 President Van Buren appointed ex-Governor Robert Lucas, of 
 Ohio, to be the first Governor of the new Territory. W^illiam B. 
 
52 HISTORY OF lOAVA. 
 
 Conway, of Pittsburgh, was appointed Secretary of the Territory^ 
 Charles Mason, of Burlington, Chief Justice, and Thomas S. Wil- 
 son, of Dubuque, and Joseph Williams, of Pennsylvania, Asso- 
 ciate Judges of the Supreme and District Courts; Mr. Van Allen, 
 of New York, Attorney; Francis Gehon, of Dubuque, Marshal; 
 Augustus C. Dodge, Register of the Land Office at Burlington, 
 ' and Thomas McKnight, Receiver of the Land Office at Dubuque, 
 Mr. Van Allen, the District Attorney, died at Rockingham, soon 
 after his appointment, and Col. Charles Weston was appointed to 
 till his vacancy. Mr. Conway, the Secretary, also died at Burling- 
 ton, during the second session of the Legislature, and James 
 Clarke, editor of the (hizeite, was appointed to succetd him. 
 
 Immediately after his arrival, Governor Lucas issued a proclama- 
 tion for the election of members of the first Territorial Legisla- 
 ture, to be held on the 10th of September, dividing the Territory 
 into election districts for that purpose, and appointing the ll2th day 
 of November for meeting of the Legislature to be elected, at 
 Burlington, 
 
 The first Territorial Legislature was elected in September, and 
 assembled at Burlington on the r2th of November, and consisted 
 of the following members: 
 
 Council. — Jesse B. Brown, J. Keith, E. A. M. Swazy, Arthur In- 
 gram, Robert Ralston, George Hepner, Jesse J. Payne, D, B. 
 Hughes, James M, Clark, Charles Whittlesey, Jonathan W, Par- 
 ker, Warner Lewis, Stephen Hempstead, 
 
 Hotise.—AN iWiam Patterson, Hawkins Taylor, Calvin J. Price^ 
 James Brierly, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parker, 
 James AV, Grimes, George Temple, Van B. Delashmutt, Thomas 
 Blair, George H. Beeler,* William G. Coop, William H. Wallace, 
 Asbury B. Porter, John Frierson, William L. Toole, Levi Thorn- 
 ton, S. C. Hastings, Robert G. Roberts, Laurel Summers,! Jabez 
 A. Burchard, Jr., Chauncey Swan, Andrew Bankson, Thomas 
 Cox and Hardin Nowlin. 
 
 Notwithstanding a large majority of the members of both 
 branches of the Legislature were Democrats, yet Gen. Jesse B. 
 Browne (Whii?), of Lee County, was elected President of the 
 Council, and Hon. William H. Wallace (Whig), of Henry County, 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives — the former unani- 
 mously and the latter with but little opposition. At that time 
 national politics were little heeded by the people of the new Ter- 
 ritory, but in 1840, during the Presidential campaign, party lines 
 were strongly drawn. 
 
 *Cyrus S. Jacobs, who was elected for Des Moines County, was killed in an 
 unfortunate encounter at Burlington before the meeting of the Legislature, and 
 Mr. Beeler was elected to fill the vacancy. 
 
 fSamuel R. Nurray was returned as elected from Clinton County, but his seat 
 was successfully contested by Burchard. 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 53 
 
 At the election iu September, 1838, for members of the Legis- 
 lature, a Congressional Delegate was also elected. There were 
 four candidates, viz.: William W. Chapman and David Kohrer, 
 of Des Moines County; B. F. Wallace, of Henry County, and P. 
 H. Engle, of Dubuque County. Chapman was elected, receiving 
 a majority of thirty-six over Engle. 
 
 The first session of the Iowa Territorial Legislature was a stormy 
 and exciting one. By the organic law, the Governor was clothed 
 with almost unlimited veto power. Governor Lucas seemed dis- 
 posed to make free use of it, and the independent Hawkeyes could 
 not quietly submit t(? arbitrary and absolute rule, and the result 
 was an unpleasant controversy between the Executive and Legisla- 
 tive departments. Congress, however, by act approved March 
 3, 1839, amended the organic law by restricting the veto power of 
 the Governor to the two-thirds rule, and took from him the power 
 to appoint sheriffs and Magistrates. ' 
 
 Among the first important matters demanding attention was the 
 location of the seat of government and provision for the erection 
 of public buildings, for which Congress had appropriated $20,000. 
 Governor Lucas, in his message, had recommended the appoint- 
 ment of Commissioners, with a view to making a central location. 
 The extent of the future State of Iowa was not known or thought 
 of. Only on a strip of land fifty miles wide, bordering on the 
 Mississippi River, was the Indian title extinguished, and a central 
 location meant some central point in the Black Hawk Purchase. 
 The friends of a central location supported the Governor's sug- 
 gestion. The southern members were divided between Burlington 
 and Mount Pleasant, but finally united on the latter as the proper 
 location for the seat of government. The central and southern 
 parties were very nearly equal, and, in consequence, much excite- 
 ment prevailed. The central party at last triumphed, and on the 
 21st day of January, 1839, an act was passed, appointing Chaun- 
 cey Swan, of Dubuque County; John Ronalds, of Louisa County, 
 and Robert Ralston, of Des Moines County, Commissioners, to se- 
 lect a site for a permament seat of Government within the limits 
 of Johnson County. 
 
 Johnson County had been created by act of the Territorial Leg- 
 islature of Wisconsin, approved December 21, 1837, and organized 
 by act passed at the special session at Burlington in June, 1838, 
 the organization to date from July 4th, following. Napoleon, on 
 the Iowa River, a few miles below the future Iowa City, was des- 
 ignated as the county seat, temporarily. 
 
 Then there existed good reason for locating the capital in the 
 county. The Territory of Iowa was bounded on the north by the 
 British Possessions; east, by the Mississippi River to its source; 
 thence by a line drawn due north to the northern boundary of the 
 United States; south, by the State of Missouri, and west, by the 
 Missouri and White Earth Rivers. But this immense territory 
 
54 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 was ill undisputed possession of the Indiars, except ii strip on the 
 Mississippi known as the Black Hawk Purchase. Johnson County 
 was, from north to south, in the geographical center of this pur- 
 chase, and as near the east and west geographical center of the 
 future State of Iowa as could then be made, as the boundar}"^ line 
 between the lands of the United States and the Indians, estab- 
 lished by the treaty of October 21, 1837, was immediately west of 
 tho county limits. 
 
 The Commissioners, after selecting the site, were directed to lay 
 out 640 acres into a town, to be called Iowa City, and to proceed to 
 sell lots and erect public buildings thereon, Congress having 
 granted a section of land to be selected by the Territory for this 
 purpose. The Commissioners, met at Napoleon, Johnson County, 
 May 1, 1839, selected for a site Section 10, in Township 79 North 
 of Range 6, West of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and immedi- 
 ately surveyed it and laid off the town. The first sale of lots took 
 place August 16, 1339. The site selected for the public buildings 
 was a little west of the geographical center of the section, where 
 a square of ten acres on the elevated grounds overlooking the river 
 was reserved for the purpose. The capitol was located in the center 
 of this square. The second Territorial Legislature, which assem- 
 bled in November, 1839, passed an act requiriing the Commission- 
 ers to adopt such plan for the building that the aggregate cost 
 when complete, should not exceed |51,000; and if they had already 
 adopted apian involving a greater expenditure, they were directed 
 to abandon it. Plans for the building were designed and drawn 
 by Mr. John F. Rague, of Springfield, 111., and on the 4th day of 
 July, 1840, the corner stone of the edifice was laid with appropri- 
 ate ceremonies. Samuel C. Trowbridge was Marshal of the day, 
 and Gov. Lucas delivered the address on that occasion. 
 
 When the Legislature assembled at Burlington in special session, 
 July 13, 1840, Gov. Lucas announced that on the 4th of that 
 month lie had visited Iowa City, and found the basement of the 
 capitol nearly completed. A bill authorizing a loan of ^20,000 
 for the building was passed, January 15, 1841, the unsold lots of 
 Iowa City being the security offered, but only $5,500 was obtained 
 under the act. 
 
 THE BOUNDARY QUESTION. 
 
 The boundary line between the Territory of Iowa and the State 
 of Missouri was a difficult question to settle in 1838, in conse- 
 quence of claims arising from taxes and titles, and at one time 
 civil war was imminent. In defining the boundaries of the coun- 
 ties bordering on Missouri, the Iowa authorities had fixed a line 
 that has since been established as the boundary between Iowa and 
 Missouri. The Constitution of Missouri defines her northern 
 boundary to be the parallel of the latitude which passes through 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 55 
 
 the rapids o£ the Des Moines River. The lower rapids of the 
 Mississippi immediately above the mouth of the Des Moines River 
 had always been known as the Des Moines Ra])ids, or "the rapids 
 of the Des Moines River." The Missourians (evidently not well 
 versed in history or geography) insisted on running the northern 
 boundary line from the rapids in the Des Moines River, just below 
 Keosauqua, thus taking from Iowa a strip of territory eight or ten 
 miles wide. Assuming this as her northern boundary line, Mis- 
 souri attempted to exercise jurisdiction over the disputed territory 
 by assessing taxes, and sending her Sheriffs to collect them by dis- 
 training the personal property of the settlers. The lowans, how- 
 ever, were not disposed to submit, and the Missouri ofiicials were 
 arrested by the Sheriffs of Davis and Van Buren Counties and 
 confined in jail. Gov. Boggs, of Missouri, called out his militia to 
 enforce the claim and sustain the officers of Missouri. Gov. Lucas 
 called out the militia of Iowa, and both parties made active prep- 
 arations for war. In Iowa, about 1,200 men were enlisted, and 
 500 were actually armed and encamped in Van Buren County, 
 ready to defend the integrity of the Territory. Subsequently, 
 Gen. A. C. Dodge, of Burlington, Gen. Churchman, of Dubuque, 
 and Dr. Clark, of Fort Madison, were sent to Missouri as envoys 
 plenipotentiary, to effect, if possible, a peacable adjustment or the 
 difficulty. Upon their arrival, they found that the County Com- 
 missioners of Clarke County, Missouri, had rescinded their order 
 for the collection of the taxes, and that Gov. Boggs had dispatched 
 messengers to the Governor of Iowa proposing to submit an 
 agreed case to the Supreme Court of the United States for the 
 final settlement of the boundary question. This proposition was 
 declined, but afterward Congress authorized a suit to settle the 
 controversy, which was instituted, and which resulted in a judg- 
 ment for Iowa. Under this decision, William G. Miner, of Mis- 
 soui-i, and Henry B. Hendershott were appointed Commissioners 
 to survey and establish the boundary. Mr. Nourse remarks that 
 "the expenses of the war on the jiart of loAva were never paid, 
 either by the United States or the Territorial Government. The 
 patriots who furnished supplies to the troops had to bear the cost 
 and charges of the struggle." 
 
 The first legislative assembly laid the broad foundation of civil 
 equality, on which has been constructed one of the most liberal 
 governments in in the Union. Its first act was to recognize the 
 equality of woman with man before the law, by providing that 
 "no action commenced by a single woman, who intermarries 
 during the pendency thereof, shall abate on account of such mar- 
 riage. ' This principle has been adopted by all subsequent legisla- 
 tion in Iowa, and to-day woman has full and equal civil rights with 
 man, except only the right of the ballot. 
 
 Religious toleration was also secured to all, personal liberty 
 strictly guarded, the rights and privileges of citizenship extended 
 
56 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 to all white persons, and the purity of elections secured by heavy 
 penalties against bribery and corruption. The judiciary power was 
 vested in a Supreme Court, District Court Probate Court, and 
 Justices of the Peace. Real estate was made divisible by will, and 
 intestate property divided equitably among heirs. Murder was 
 made punishable by death, and proportionate penalties fixed for 
 lesser crimes. A system of free schools, open for every class of 
 white citizens, was established. Provision was made for a system 
 of roads and highways. Thus, under the territonal organization, 
 the country began to emerge from a savage wilderness, and take 
 on the forms of civil government. 
 
 By act of Congress of June 12. 1838, the lands which had been 
 purchased of the Indians were brought into market, and land 
 offices opened in Dubuque and Burlington. Congress provided for 
 military roads and bridges, which greatly aided the settlers, who 
 were now coming in by thousands, to make their homes on the 
 fertile prairies of Iowa — "The Beautiful Land." The fame of 
 the country had spread far and wide; even before the Indian title 
 was extinguished, many were crowding the borders, impatient to 
 cross over and stake out their claims on the choicest spots they 
 cou^ find in the new Territory. As soon as the country was open 
 for settlement, the borders, the Black Hawk Purchase, all along the 
 Mississippi, and up the principal rivers and streams, and out over 
 the broad rolling prairies, began to be thronged with eager land 
 hunters and immigrants, seeking homes in Iowa. It was a sight 
 to delight the eyes of all comers from every land — its noble 
 streams, beautiful and picturesque hills and valleys, broad and fer- 
 tile prairies extending as far as the eye could reach, with a soil 
 surpassing in richness anything which they had ever seen. It is 
 not to be wondered at that immigration into Iowa was rapid, and 
 that within less than a decade from the organization of the Ter- 
 ritory it contained a hundred and fifty thousand people. 
 
 As rapidly as the Indian titles were extinguished and the origi- 
 nal owners removed, the resistless tide of emigration flowed west- 
 ward. The following extract from Judge Nourse's Centennial 
 Address shows how the emigrants gathered on the Indian bound- 
 ary, ready for the removal of the barrier: 
 
 In obedience to our progressive and aggressive spirit, the Government of the 
 United States made another treaty with the Sac and Fox Indians, on the 11th 
 day of August, 1842, for the remaining portion of their land in Iowa. The 
 treaty provided that the Indians should retain possession of all the lands thus 
 ceded until May 1, 1843, and should occupy that portion of the ceded territory 
 west of a line running north and south through Redrock, until October 11, 
 1845. These tribes, at this time, had their principal village at Ot-tum-wa-no: 
 now called Ottumwa. As soon as it became known that the treaty had been con- 
 cluded, there was a rush of immigration to Iowa, and a great number of tem- 
 porary settlements were made near the Indian boundary, waiting for the 1st day 
 of May. As the day approached, hundreds of families encamped along the line, 
 and their tents and wagons ga^e the scene the appearance of a military expe- 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 57 
 
 dition. Th3 country beyond had been tliorouglily explored, but the United 
 States niihtary authorities had prevented any settlement, or even the making 
 out of claims by any monuments whatever. 
 
 To aid tliem in making out their claims when the hour should arrive, the set- 
 tlers had placed piles of dry wood on the rising ground, at convenient distances, 
 and a short time before twelve o'clock on the night of the 30th of April, these 
 were lighted, and when the midnight hour an-ived it was anounced by the dis- 
 charge of firearms. The night was dark, but this army of occupation pressed 
 forward, torch in hand, with axe and hatchet, blazing lines with all manner of 
 curves and angles. When daylight came and revealed the confusion of these 
 wonderful surveys, numerous disputes arose, settled generally by compromise, 
 but sometimes by violence. Between midnight of the 30th of Apiil and sun- 
 down of the 1st of May, over one thousand families had settled on their new 
 purchase. 
 
 While this seen 3 was transpiring, the retreating Indians were enacting one 
 more impressive and melancholy. The winter of 1842-43 was one of unusual 
 severity, and the Indian prophet, who had disapproved of the treaty, attributed 
 the severity of the winter to the anger of the Great Spirit, because they had sold 
 their country. Many religious rites were performed to atone for the crime. 
 When the time for leaving Ot-tum-wa-no arrived, a solemn silence pervaded the 
 Indian camp, and the faces of their stoutest men were bathed in tears; and when 
 their cavalcade was put in motion, toward the setting sun , there wa s a sponta- 
 neous outburst of frantic grief from the entire procession. 
 
 The Indians remained the appointed time beyond the line running north and 
 south through Redrock. The Government established a trading post and mili- 
 tary encampment at the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines River, then and for 
 many years known as Fort Des Moines. Here the red men lingered until the 
 11th of October, 1845, when the same scene that we have before described was 
 re-enacted, and the wave of immigration swept over the remainder of the "New 
 Purchase." The lands thus occupied andclaimsd 1 y the settlers still belonged 
 in fee to the General Government. The surveys were not completed until some 
 time after the Indian title was extinguished. After their survey, the lands 
 were publicly proclaimed or advertised for sale at public auction. Under the 
 laws of the United States, a pre-emption or exclusive right to purchase pubUc 
 lands could not be acquired until after the lands had thus been publicly offered 
 and not sold for want of bidders. Then, and not until then, an occupant mak- 
 ing improvements in good faith might acquire a right over others to enter the 
 land at the minimum price of $1.25 per acre. The "claim laws" were un- 
 known to the United States statutes. They originated in the "eternal fitness 
 of things," and were enforced, probably, as belonging to that class of natural 
 rights not enumerated in the constitution, and not impaired or disparaged by 
 its enumeration. 
 
 The settlers organized in every settlement prior to the public land sales, ap- 
 pointed officers, and adopted their own rules and regulations. Each man's 
 claim was duly ascertained and recorded by the Secretary. It was the duty of 
 all to attend the sales. The Secretary bid oft' the lands of each settler at $1.25 
 per acre. The others were there to see, first, that he did his duty and bid in the 
 land, and, secondly, to see that no one else bid. This, of courss, sometimes led 
 to trouble, but it saved the excitement of competition, and gave a formality and 
 degree of order and regularity to the proceedings they would not othei-wise have 
 attained. As far as practicable, the Territorial Legislature recognized the 
 vahdity of these "claims" upon the publiclands, and in 1839 passed an act 
 legalizing their sale and malang their transfer a valid consideration to support a 
 promise to pay for the same. (Acts of 1843, p. 456.) The Supreme Territorial 
 Court held this law to be valid. (See Hill v. Smith, 1st Morris Rep, 70.) The 
 opinion not only contains a decision of the question involved, but also contains 
 much valuable erudition upon that "spirit of Anglo-Saxon liberty" which the 
 Iowa settlers unquestionably inherited in a direct line of descent from the said 
 "Anglo-Saxons." But the early settler was not always able to pay even this 
 doUar and twenty-five cents per acre for his land. 
 
58 HISTOKY OF IOWA. 
 
 Mauy of the settlers had nothing to begin with, save their 
 hands, health and courage and their family jewels, ''the pledges 
 of love," and the "consumers of bread." It was not so easy to 
 accummulate money in the early days of the State, and the "beau- 
 tiful prairies," the "noble streams," and all that sort of poetic 
 imagery, did not prevent the early settlers from becoming dis- 
 couraged. 
 
 An old settler, in speaking of the privations and trials of those 
 early days, says: 
 
 Well do the "old settlers" of Iowa remember the days from the first settle- 
 ment to 1840. Those were days of sadness and distress. The endearments' of 
 home in another land had baen broken up; and all that was hallowed on earth, 
 the home of childhood, and the scenas of youth, were severed; and we sat by 
 the gentle waters of our noble river,' and, often "hung our harps on the wil- 
 lows." 
 
 Another, from another part of the State, testifies: 
 There was no such thing a.s getting money for any kind of labo) . I laid brick 
 at $3.00 per thousand, and took my pay in anything I could eat or wear. I 
 built the first Methodist Church at Keokuk, 42x60 feet, of brick, for $600, and 
 took my pay in a subscription paper, part of which I never collected, and upon 
 which I only received $50 00 in money. Wheat was hauled 100 miles from the 
 interior, and sold for '61% cents per bushel. 
 
 Another old settler, in speaking of a later period, 1843, says: 
 Land and everything had gone down in value to almost nominal prices. Con« 
 and oats could be bought for six or ten cents a bushel; pork, $1.00 per hundred, 
 and the best horse a man could raise sold for $50.00. Nearly all were in debt, 
 and the SheritF and Constable, with legal processes, were common visitors at 
 almost every man's door. These were indeed "the times that tried men's 
 souls." 
 
 "A few," says Mr. Nourse, "who were not equal to the trial, re- 
 turned to their old Iiomes, but such as had courage and faith to be 
 the worthy founders of a great State remained, to more than 
 realize the fruition of their hopes, and the reward of their self- 
 denial." 
 
 Oe Monday, December 0, 1841, the fourth Legislative Assembly 
 met, at the new capital, Iowa City, but the capitol building could 
 not be used, and the Legislature occupied a temporary frame house, 
 that had been erected for that purpose, during the session of 
 1841-2. At this session, the Superintendent of Public Buildings 
 (who, with the Territorial Agent, had superseded the Commis- 
 sioners first appointed), estimated the expense of completing the 
 building at $33,330, and that rooms for the use of the Legislature 
 could be completed for $15,600. 
 
 During 1842, the Superintendent commenced obtaining stone 
 from a new quarry, about ten miles northeast of the city. This is 
 now known as the "Old Captain Quarry," and contains, it is 
 thought, an immense quantity of exellent building stone. Here all 
 the stone for completing the building was obtained, and it was so 
 far completed that on the 5th day of December, 1842, the Legis- 
 lature assembled in the new capitol. At this session, the Super- 
 intendent estimated that it would cost $39,143 to finish the build- 
 
HISTOKY OF IOWA. 59 
 
 ing. This was nearly $6,000 higher than the estimate of the pre- 
 vious year, notwithstanding a large sum had been expended in 
 the meantime. This rather discouraging discrepancy was ac- 
 counted for by the fact that the officers in charge of the work were 
 constantly short of funds. Except the Congressional appropria- 
 tion of 120,000 and the loan of $5,500, obtained from the Miners' 
 Bank, of Dubuque, all the funds for the prosecution of the work 
 were derived from the sale of the city lots (which did not sell 
 very rapidly), from the certificates of indebtedness, and from scrip, 
 based upon unsold lots, which was to be received in payment for 
 such when they were sold. At one time the Superintendent 
 made a requisition for bills of iron and glass, which could not be 
 obtained nearer than St. Louis. To meet this, the Agent sold 
 some lots for a draft, payable at Pittsburgh, Pa., for which he was 
 compelled to pay twenty-five per cent, exchange. This draft, 
 amounting to $507, that officer reported to be more than one-half 
 the cash actually handled by him during the entire season, when 
 the disbursement amounted to very nearly $24,000. 
 
 With such uncertainty it could not be expected that estimates 
 could be very accurate. With all these disadvantages, however, 
 the work appears to have been prudently prosecuted, and as rapid- 
 ly as circumstances would permit. 
 
 Iowa remained a territory from 1838 to 1846, during which the 
 office of Governor was held by Robert Lucas, John Chambers and 
 James Clark. 
 
 STATE ORGANIZATION. 
 
 By an act of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa, approved Feb- 
 ruary 12, 1844, the question of the formation of a State Constitu- 
 tion and providing for the election of delegates to a convention to 
 he convened for that purpose was submitted to the people, to be 
 voted upon at their township elections in April following. The 
 vote was largely in favor of the measure, and the delegates elected 
 assembled in convention at Iowa city on the 7th of October, 1844. 
 On the first day of November following the convention completed 
 its work and adopted the first State constitution. 
 
 The President of the convention, Hon. Shepherd Leffler, was in- 
 structed to transmit a certified copy of this constitution to the 
 delegate in Congress, to be by him submitted to that body at the 
 earliest practicable day. It was also provided that it should be 
 submitted, together with any conditions or changes that might be 
 made by Congress, to the people of the Territory for their approval 
 or rejection, at the township election in April, 1845. 
 
 The boundaries of the State, as defined by the constitution, 
 were as follows: 
 
 Beginning in the middle of the channel of the Mississippi river, opposite 
 mouth of the Des Moines river, thence up the said river Des Moines, in the 
 middle of the main channel thereot, to a point where it is intersected by the 
 
60 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 old Indian boundary line, or line run by John C. Sullivan in the year 1816; 
 thence westwardly along said line to the "old" northwest corner of Missouri; 
 thence due west to the middle of the main channel of the Missouri river; 
 thence up in the middle of the main channel of the river last mentioned to the 
 mouth of the Sioux or Calumet river; thence m a direct line to the middle of 
 the main channel of tne St. Peters river, where the Watonwan river — according 
 to Nicollet's map — enters the same; thence down the middle of the main chan- 
 nel of said river to the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi river; 
 thence doAvn the middle of the main channel of said river to the place of be- 
 ginning. 
 
 These boundaries were rejected by Congress, but by act approved 
 March 3, 1845, a State called Iowa was admitted into the Union, 
 provided the people adopted the act, bounded as follows: 
 
 Beginning at the mouth of the Des Moines river, at the middle of the Mis- 
 sissippi , thence by the middle of the channel of that river to a parallel of lati- 
 tude passing through the mouth of the Mankato or Blue Earth river; thence 
 west, along said parallel of latitude to a point where it is intersected by a me- 
 ridian line seventeen degrees and thirty minutes west of the meridian of Wash- 
 ington City; thence due south to the northern boundary line of the State of 
 Missouri; thence easterly following that boundary line to the point at which 
 the same intersects the Des Moines river; thence by the middle of the channel 
 of that river to the place of beginning. 
 
 These boundaries, had they been accepted, would have placed 
 the northern boundary of the State about thirty miles north of its 
 present location, and would have deprived it of the Missouri 
 slope and the boundary of that river. The western boundary 
 would have been near the west line of what is now Kossuth 
 county. But it was not so to be. In consequence of this radical 
 and unwelcome change in the boundaries, the people refused to 
 accept the act of Congress and rejected the constitution at the 
 election, held August 4, 1845, by a vote of 7,f)56 to 7,235, 
 
 A second constitutional convention assembled at Iowa Ciiy on 
 the 4th day of May, 1846, and on the 18th of the same month an- 
 other Constitution for the new State with the present boundaries- 
 was adopted and submitted to the people for ratification on the 3d 
 day of August following, when it was accepted; 9,492 votes were 
 cast "for the Constitution," and 9,036 ''against the Consti ution." 
 
 The Constitution was approved by Congress, and by act of Con- 
 gress approved December 28. 1846, Iowa was admitted as a sover- 
 eign State in the American Union. 
 
 Prior to this action of Congress, however, the people of the 
 new State held an election under the new Constitution on the •26th 
 day of October, and elected Oresel Briggs, Governor; ElishaCutler^ 
 Jr., Secretary of State; Joseph T. Fales, Auditor; Morgan Reno, 
 Treasurer, and members of the Senate and House of Represent- 
 atives. 
 
 At this time there were twenty-seven organized counties in the 
 State, with a population of nearly 100,000, and the frontier 
 settlements were rapidly pushing toward the Missouri river. The 
 Mormons had already reached there. 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 61 
 
 The first General Assembly of the State of Iowa was composed 
 of nineteen Senators and forty Representatives. It assembled at 
 Iowa City November 30, 1840, about a monihbefore the State was 
 admitted into the Union. 
 
 At the first session of the State Legislature, the Treasurer of 
 State reported that the eapitol building was in a very exposed con- 
 dition, liable to injury from storms, and expressed the hope that 
 some provision would be made to complete it, at least sufficiently 
 to protect it from the weather. The General Assembly responded 
 by appropriating $2,500 for the completion of the public buildings. 
 At the first session also arose the question of the re-location of 
 the capital. The western boundary of the State, as now deter- 
 mined, left Iowa City too far toward the eastern and southern 
 boundary of the State; this was conceded. Congress had appro- 
 priated five sections of land for the erection of public buildings, 
 and toward the close of the session a bill was introduced provid- 
 ing for the re-location of the seat of government, involving to 
 some extent the location of the State IJniversity, which had al- 
 ready been discussed. This bill gave rise to a deal of discussion 
 and parliamentary maneuvering, almost purely sectional in its 
 character. It provided for the appointment of three Commis- 
 sioners, who were authorized to make a location as near the geo- 
 graphical center of the State as a healthy and eligible site could be 
 obtained; to select the five sections of laud donated by Congress; 
 to survey and plat into town lots not exceeding one section of the 
 land so selected; to sell lots at public sale, not to exceed two in 
 each block. Having done this, they were then required to sus- 
 pend further operations, and make a report of their proceedings 
 to the Governor. The bill passed both Houses by decisive votes, 
 received the signature of the Governor and became a law. Soon 
 after, by ''An act to locate and establish a State University," ap- 
 proved February 25th, 1847, the unfinished public buildings at 
 Iowa City, together with the ten acres of land on which they were 
 situated, were granted for the use of the University, reserving 
 their use, however, by the General assembly and the State officers, 
 until other provisions were made by law. 
 
 The commissioners forthwith entered upon their duties, and se- 
 lected four sections and two half sections in Jasper county. Two 
 of these sections are in what is now Des Moines Township, and 
 the others in Fairview township, in the southern part of that 
 county. These lands are situated between Prairie City and Mon- 
 roe, on the Keokuk & Des Moines Railroad, which runs diagonally 
 through them. Here a town was platted, called Monroe City, and 
 a sale of lots took place. Four hundred and fifteen lots were sold 
 at prices that were not considered remarkably remunerative. The 
 cash payments (one-fourth) amounted to $1,797.43, while the ex- 
 penses of the sale and the claims of the Commissioners for ser- 
 
62 HISTOKY OF IOWA. 
 
 vices amounted to 82,206.57. The Commissioners made a report 
 of their proceedings to the Governor, as required by law, but the. 
 location was generally condemned. 
 
 When the report of the Commissioners, showing this brilliant 
 financial operation, had been read in the House of Representatives 
 at the next session, and while it was under consideration, an indig- 
 nant member, afterward known as the eccentric Judge McFar- 
 land, moved to refer the report to a select committee of five, with 
 instructions to report "how much of said city of Monroe was under 
 water and how much was burned." The report was referred, 
 without the instructions, however, but Monroe City never be- 
 came the seat of government. - By an act approved January 15, 
 1849, the law by which the location had been made was repealed 
 and the new town was vacated, the money paid by purchasers of 
 lots being refunded to them. This, of course, retained the seat of 
 government at Iowa City, and precluded for the time, the occupa- 
 tion of the building and grounds by the University. 
 
 At the same session ^3,000 more were appropriated for complet- 
 ing the State building at Iowa City. In 1852 the further sum of 
 $5,000, and in 1854 $4,000 more were appropriated for the same 
 purpose, making the whole cost $123,000, paid partly by the Gen- 
 eral Government and partly by the State, but principally from the 
 proceeds of the sale of lots in Iowa City. 
 
 But the question of the permanent location of the seat of gov- 
 ernment Wcis not settled; and in 1851 bills were introduced for the 
 removal of the capital to Bella and to FortDes Moines. The lat- 
 ter appeared to have the support of the majority, but was finally 
 lost in the House on the question of ordering it to its third read- 
 ing- 
 
 At the next session, in 1853, a bill was introduced in the Sen- 
 ate for the removal of the seat of government to Fort Des Moines, 
 and, on final vote, was just barely defeated. At the next session, 
 however, the efibrt was more successful, and on the 15th day of 
 January, 1855, a bill re-locating the capital within two miles of 
 the Racoon Fork of the Des Moines, and for the appointment of 
 Commissioners, was approved by Gov. Grimes. The site was se- 
 lected in 1856, in accordance with the provisions of this act, the 
 land being donated to the State by citizens and property-holders 
 of Des Moines. An association of citizens erected a building for 
 a temporary capitol,and leased it to the State at a nominal rent. 
 
 The third constitutional convention to revise the Constitution 
 of the State assembled at Iowa City, January 19, 1857. The new 
 constitution framed by this convention was submitted to the peo- 
 ple at an election held August 3, 1857, when it was approved and 
 adopted by a vote of 40,311 "for" to 38,681 "against," and on the 
 3rd day of September following was declared by a proclamation of 
 the Governor to be the supreme law of the State of Iowa. 
 
HLSTORY OF IOWA. 63 
 
 Advised of the completioii of the temporary State House at Des 
 Moines, on the 19th of October following, Governor Grimes issued 
 another proclamation, declaring the city of Des Moines to be the 
 capital of the State of Iowa. 
 
 The removal of the archives and offices was commenced at once 
 and continued through the fall, tt was an undertaking of no 
 small magnitude; there was not a mile of railroad to facilitate the 
 work, and the season was unusually disagreeable. Rain, snow, 
 and other accompaniments increased the difficulties, and it was 
 not until December that the last of the effects — the safe of the 
 State Treasurer, loaded on two large ''bob-sleds"^drawn by ten 
 yoke of oxen, was deposited in the new capitol. It is not impru- 
 dent now to remark that, during this passage over hills and 
 prairies, across rivers, through bottom lands and timber, the safes 
 belonging to the several departments contained large sums of 
 money, mostly individual funds, however. Thus, Iowa City 
 ceased to be the capital of the State, after four Territorial Legisla- 
 tures, six State Legislatures and three Constitutional Conventions 
 had held their sessions there. By the exchange, the old capitol at 
 Iowa City became the seat of the University, and except the rooms 
 occupied by the United States District Court, passed under the im- 
 mediate and direct control of the trustees of that institution. 
 
 Des Moines Avas now the permanent seat of government, made 
 so by the fundamental law of the State, and on the 11th day of 
 January, 1858, the seventh General Assembly convened at the 
 new capital. The building used for governmental purposes was 
 purchased in 1864. It soon became inadequate for the purposes 
 for which it WaS designed, and it became apparent that a new, 
 large and permanent State House must be erected. In 1870, the 
 General Assembly made an appropriation, and provided for the ap- 
 pointment of a Board of Commissioner? to commence the work. 
 The board consisted of Gov, Samuel Merrill, ex-officio President; 
 Grenville M. Dodge, Council Bluffs; James P. Wilson, Fairfield; 
 James Dawson, Washington; Simon G. Stein, Muscatine; James 
 0. Crosby, Gaiusville; Charles Dudley, Agency City; John N. 
 Dewey, Des Moines; William L. Joy, Sioux City; Alexander R. 
 Fulton, Des Moines, Secretary. 
 
 The act of 1870 provided that the building should be constructed 
 of the best material and should be fire proof, to be heated and ven- 
 tilated in the most approved manner; should contain suitable leg- 
 islative halls, rooms for State officers, the judiciary, library, com- 
 mittees, archives and the collections of the State Agricultural 
 Society, and for all purposes of State Government, and should be 
 erected on grounds held by the State for that purpose. The sum 
 first appropriated was $150,000; and the law provided that no 
 contract should be made, either for constructing or furnishing the 
 building, which should bind the State for larger sums than those 
 at the time appropriated. A design was drawn and plans and 
 
64 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 specifications furnished by Cochrane & Piqueuard, architects, which 
 were accepted by the board, and on the 23d of November, 1871, 
 the corner stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies. The 
 estimated cost and present value of the capitol is fixed at $2,000,- 
 000. 
 
 From 1858 to 18G0, the Sioux became troublesome in the north- 
 western part of the State. These warlike Indians made frequent 
 plundering raids upon the settlers, and murdered several families. 
 in 18G1, several companies of militia were ordered to that portion 
 of the State to hunt down and punish the murderous thieves. No 
 battles were fought, however, for the Indians fled when they as- 
 certained that systematic and adequate measures had been adopted 
 to protect the settlers. 
 
 "The year 1856 marked a new era in the history of Iowa. In 
 1854, the Chicago & Kock Island Railroad had been completed to 
 the east bank of the Mississippi River, opposite Davenport. In 
 1854, the corner stone of a railroad bridge, that was to be the first 
 to span the "Father of Waters," was laid with appropriate cere- 
 monies at this point. St. Louis had resolved that the enterprise 
 was unconstitutional, and by writs of injunction made an unsuc- 
 cessful effort to prevent its completion. Twenty years later in her 
 history, St. Louis repented her folly, and made atonement for her 
 sin by imitating our example. On the first day of January, 1856, 
 this railroad was completed to Iowa City. In the meantime, two 
 other railroads had reached the east bank of the Mississippi — one 
 opposite Burlington, and one opposite Dubuque — and these were 
 being extended into the interior of the State. Indeed, four lines 
 of railroad had been projected across the State from the Mississippi 
 to the Missouri, having eastern connections. On the 15tli of May, 
 1856, the Congress of the United States passed an act granting to 
 the State, to aid in the construction of railroads, the public lands 
 in alternate sections, six miles on either side of the proposed line. 
 An extra session of the General Assembly was called in July of 
 this year, that disposed of the grant to the several companies that 
 proposed to complete these enterprises. The population of our 
 State at this time had increased to 500,000. Public attention had 
 been called to the necessity of a railroad across the continent. The 
 position of Iowa, in the very heart and center of the Republic,on 
 the route of this great highway across the continent, began to at- 
 tract attention. Cities and towns sprang up through the State as 
 if by magic. Capital began to pour into the State, and had it been 
 employed in developing our vast coal measures and establishing 
 manufactories among us, or if it had been expended in improving 
 our lands, and building houses and barns, it would have been well. 
 But all were in haste to get rich, and the spirit of speculation 
 ruled the hour. 
 
 In the meantime every effort was made to help the speedy 
 completion of the railroads. Nearly every county and city on the 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 65 
 
 Mississippi, and many in the interior, voted lar»e corporate sub- 
 scriptions to the stock of the railroad companies, and issued their 
 negotiable bonds for the amount. Thus enormous county and 
 city debts were incurred, the payment of which these municipalities 
 tried to avoid upon the plea that they had exceeded the constitu- 
 tional limitation of their powers. The Supreme Court of the 
 United States held these bonds to be valid, and the courts by man- 
 damus compelled the city and county authorities to levy taxes to 
 pay the judgments. These debts are not all paid even yet, but 
 the worst is over and ultimately the burden will be entirely re- 
 moved. 
 
 The first railroad across the State was completed to Council 
 Bluffs in January, 1871. The others were completed soon after. 
 [n 1854 there was not a mile of railroad in the State. In 1874, 
 twenty years after, there were 3,765 miles in successful opera- 
 tion, 
 
 GROWTH AND PROGRESS. 
 
 When Wisconsin Territory was organized, in 1836, the entire 
 population of that portion of the Territory now embraced in the 
 State of Iowa was 10,531. The Territory then embraced two 
 counties; Dubuque and Des Moines, erected by the Territory of 
 Michigan, in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, the territorial Legisla- 
 lature of Wisconsin increased the number of counties to sixteen, 
 and the population had increased to 22,859. Since then the coun- 
 ties have increased to ninety-nine, and the population, in 1875, 
 was 1,366,000. The following table will show the population at 
 different periods since the erection of Iowa Territory: 
 
 Year. Poj)ulat\on. 
 
 183S 22,589 
 
 1840 43,115 
 
 1844 75,152 
 
 1846 ." 97,588 
 
 1847 116,651 
 
 1849 152,988 
 
 1850 191,9S2 
 
 1851 204,774 
 
 1852 230,713 
 
 1853 326,013 
 
 1856 519,055 
 
 The most populous county in the State is Dubuque. Not only 
 in population, but in everything contributing to the growth and 
 greatness of a State has Iowa made rapid progress. In a little 
 more than thirty years, its wild but beautiful prairies have ad- 
 vanced from the home of the savage to a highly civilized common- 
 wealth, embracing all the elements of progress which character- 
 ize the older States. 
 
 Thriving cities and towns dot its fair surface; an iron net- work 
 of thousands of miles of railroads is woven over its broad acres; 
 ten thousand school houses, in which more than five hundred 
 
 Year. Population. 
 
 1859 638,775 
 
 1860 674,913 
 
 1863 701,732 
 
 1865 754,699 
 
 1867 902,040 
 
 1869 1,040,819 
 
 1870 1,191,727 
 
 1873. 
 
 1,251,? 
 
 1875 1,366,000 
 
 1880 1.624,463 
 
C6 HISTOKY OF IOWA. 
 
 thousaud children are being taught the rudiments of education, 
 testify to the culture and liberality of the people; high schools, 
 colleges and universities are generously endowed by the State; 
 manufactories spring up on all her water courses, and in most of 
 her cities and towns. 
 
 Whether measured from the date of her first settlement, her 
 organization as a Territory, or admission as a State, Iowa has thus 
 far shown a growth unsurpassed, in a similar period, by any com- 
 monwealth on the face of the earth; and, with her vast extent of 
 fertile soil, with her inexhaustible treasures of mineral wealth, 
 with a healthful, invigorating climate; an intelligent, liberty-loving 
 people; with equal, just and liberal laws, and her free schools, 
 the future of Iowa may be expected to surpass the most hopeful 
 anticipations of her present citizens. 
 
 Looking upon Iowa as she is to-day — populous, prosperous and 
 happy — it is hard to realize the wonderful changes that have oc- 
 curred since the first white settlements were made within her bor- 
 ders. When the number of States was only twenty-six, and their 
 total population about twenty millions, our republican form of gov- 
 ernment was hardly more than an experiment, just fairly put upon 
 trial. The development of our agricultural resources and inex- 
 haustible mineral wealth had hardly commenced. Westward the 
 "Star of Empire" had scarcely started on its way. West of the 
 great Mississippi was a mighty empire, but almost unknown, and 
 marked on the maps of the period as ''The Great American Des- 
 ert." 
 
 Now, thirty-eight stars glitter on our national escutcheon, and 
 fifty millions of people^ who know their rights and dare 
 maintain them, tread American soil, and the grand sisterhood of 
 States extends from the Gulf of Mexico to the Canadian border, 
 and from the rocky coast of the Atlantic to the golden shores of 
 the Pacific. 
 
 THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM. 
 
 Ames, Stori/ County. 
 
 The Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm were established 
 by an act of the General Assembly, approved March 22d, 1858. 
 A Board of Trustees was appointed, consisting of Governor R. P. 
 Lowe, John D. Wright, William Duane Wilson, M. W. Robinson. 
 Timothy Day, Richard Gaines, John Pattee, G. W. F. Sherwin, 
 Suel Foster, S. W. Henderson, Clement Coffin, and E. G. Day; the 
 Governor of the State and President of the College being ex-officio 
 members. Subsequently the number of Trustees was reduced to 
 five. The Board met in June, ISoO, and received propositions for 
 the location of the College and Farm from Hardin, Polk, Story and 
 Boone, Marshall, Jefferson and Tama counties. In July, the 
 proposition of Story County and some of its citizens and by the 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 67 
 
 citizens of Boone Couuty was accepted, and the farm and the 
 site for the buildings were located. In 1860-61, the farm house 
 and barn were erected. In 1862 Congress granted to the State 
 240,000 acres of land for the endowment of schools of agriculture 
 and the mechanical arts, and 195,000 acres were located by Peter 
 Melendy, Commissioner, in 1862-63, In 1864 the General As- 
 sembly appropriated $20,000 for the erection of the college build- 
 
 In June of that year the Building Committee proceeded to let 
 the contract. The $20,000 appropriated by the General Assembly 
 were expended in putting in the foundations and makinsc the 
 brick for the structure. An additional appropriation of $91,000 
 was made in 1866, and the building was completed in 1868. 
 
 Tuition in this college is made by law forever free to pupils 
 from the State over sixteen years of age, who have been resident 
 of the State six months previuous to their admission. Each county 
 in the State has a previous right of tuition for three scholars from 
 each county; the remainder, equal to the capacity of the college, 
 are by the trustees distributed among the counties in proportion 
 to the population, and subject to the above rule. All sale of ar- 
 dent spirits, wine or beer, is prohibited by law within a distance 
 of three miles from the college, except for sacramental, mechani- 
 cal or medical purposes. 
 
 The course of instruction in the Agricultural College embraces 
 the following branches: Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Botany, 
 Horticulture, Fruit Growing, Forestry, Animal and Vegetable 
 Anatomy, Geology, Mineralogy, Meteorology, Entomology, 
 Zoology, the Veterinary Art, Plain Mensuration, Leveling, Sur- 
 veying, Bookkeeping, and such Mechanical Arts as are directly 
 connected with agriculture; also such other studies as the Trus- 
 tees may, from time to time, prescribe, not inconsistent with the 
 purposes of the institution. The funds arising from the lease and 
 sale of lands, and interest on investments, are sufficient for the 
 support of the institution. 
 
 The Board of Trustees, in 1881. was composed of Charles W. 
 Tenney, Plymouth; George H. Wright, Sioux City; Henry G. 
 Little, Grinnell; William McClintock, West Union; John N. 
 Dixon, Oskaloosa. A. S. Welch, President of the Faculty, W. D. 
 Lucas, Treasurer; E. W. Stanton, Secretary. 
 
 The Trustees are elected by the General Assembly, in joint 
 convention, for four years, three being elected at one session and 
 two the next. 
 
 THE STATE UNIVERSITY. 
 
 loiva City, Johnson Comity. 
 
 In the famous Ordinance of 1787, enacted by Congress before 
 the Territory of the United States extended beyond the Missis- 
 sippi River, it was declared that in all the territory northwest of 
 
68 HISTOIiY OF IOWA. 
 
 the Ohio River, "Schools and the means of education shall for- 
 ever be encouraged," By act of Congress, approved July 20, 1840, 
 the Secretary of the Treasury was authorized "to set apart and re- 
 serve from sale, out of any of the public lands within the Terri- 
 tory of Iowa, to which the Indian title has been or may be ex- 
 tinguished, and not otherwise appropriated, a quantity of land, not 
 exceeding the entire townships, for the use and support of a uni- 
 versity within said Territory when it becomes a State, and for no 
 other use or purpose whateverr; to be located in tracts of not less 
 than an entire section, corresponding with any of the large divis- 
 ions into which the public lands are authorized to be surveyed." 
 
 William W. Dodge, of Scott County, was appointed by the 
 Secretary of the Treasury to make the selections. He selected 
 Section 5, in Township 78, north of Range 3, east of the Fifth 
 Principal Meridian, and then removed from the Territory. No 
 more land were selected until 1846, when, at the request of the 
 Assembly, John M. Whitaker, of Van Buren County, was ap- 
 pointed, who selected the remainder of the grant except about 122 
 acres. 
 
 In the first Constitution, under which Iowa was admitted to the 
 Union, the people directed the disposition of the proceeds of this 
 munificent grant in accordance with its terms, and instructed the 
 General Assembly to provide, as soon as may be, effectual means 
 for the improvement and permanent security of the funds of the 
 University derived from the lands. 
 
 The first General Assembly, by act approved February 25, 1847, 
 established the "State University of Iowa" at lowa'City, then 
 the Capital of the State, "with such other branches as public con- 
 venience may hereafter require." The "public buildings at Iowa 
 City, together with the ten acres of land in which they are sit- 
 uated, were granted for the use of said University, j^ror/fW. how- 
 ever, that the sessions of the Legislature and State offices should 
 be held in the capitol until otherwise provided by law. The con- 
 trol and management of the University were committed to a 
 Board of fifteen Trustees, to be appointed by the Legislature, five 
 of whom were to be chosen biennially. The Superintendent of 
 Public Instruction was made president of this Board. Provisions 
 were made for the disposal of the two townships of land, and for 
 the investment of the funds arising therefrom. The act further 
 provides that the University shall never be under the exclusive 
 control of any religious denomination whatever, and as soon as 
 the revenue for the grant and donations amounts to $2,000 a year, 
 the University should commence and continue the instruction, 
 free of charge, of fifty students annually. The General Assem- 
 bly retained full supervision over the Universiy, it officers and 
 the grants and donations made and to be made to it by the State. 
 
 The organization of the University at Iowa City was impractica- 
 ble, however, so long as the seat of government was retained there. 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 69 
 
 In January, 1849, two branches of the University and three 
 Normal Schools were established. The branches were located — • 
 one at Fairfield, and the other at Dubuque, and were placed upon 
 an equal footing, in respect to funds and all other matters, with 
 the University established at Iowa City. "This act," says Col. 
 Benton, "created three State Universities, with equal rights and 
 powers, instead of a 'University with such branches as public con- 
 venience may hereafter de?nand^^ as provided by the Constitu- 
 tion." 
 
 The Board of Directors of the Fairfield Branch consisted of 
 Barnet Ristine, Christian W. Slagle, Daniel Rider, Horace Gay- 
 lord, Bernhart Henn and Samuel S. Bayard. At the first meeting 
 of the Board Mr. Henn was elected President, Mr. Slagle Secre- 
 tary, and Mr. Gaylord Treasurer. Twenty acres of land were 
 purchased, and a building erected thereon, costing $2,500. This 
 building was nearly destroyed by a hurricane, in 1850, but was re- 
 built more substantially, all by contributions of the citizens of 
 Fairfield. This branch never received any aid from the State or 
 from the University Fund, and by act approved January 24, 1853, 
 at the request of the Board, the General Assembly terminated its 
 relation to the State. 
 
 The branch at Dubuque was placed under the control of the 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction. The Trustees never or- 
 ganized, and its existence was only nominal. 
 
 The Normal Schools were located at Andrew, Oskaloosa and 
 Mount Pleasant, respectively. Each was to be governed by a board 
 of seven Trustees, to be appointed by the Trustees of the Univer- 
 sity. Each was to receive $500 annually from the income of the 
 University fund, upon condition that they should educate eight 
 common school teachers, free of charge for tuition, and that the 
 citizens should contribute an equal sum for the erection of the 
 requisite buildings. The several Boards of Trustees were appointed. 
 At Andrew, the school was organized November 21, 1849. A 
 building was commenced and over $1,000 expended on it, but it 
 was never completed. At Oskaloosa, the Trustees organized in 
 April, 1852. This school was opened in the Court House, Septem- 
 ber 13, 1852. A two-story brick building was completed in 1853, 
 costing $2,473. The school at Mount Pleasant was never organ- 
 ized. Neither of these schools received any aid from the Univer- 
 sity fund, but in 1857 the Legislature appropriated $1,000 each 
 for those at Oskaloosa and Andrew, and repealed the law author- 
 izing the payment of money to them from the University fund. 
 From that time they made no further effort to continue in opera- 
 tion. 
 
 At a special meeting of the Board of Trustees, held February 
 21, 1850, the ''College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Upper 
 Mississippi," established at Davenport, was recognized as the "Col- 
 lege of Physicians and Surgeons of the State University of Iowa," 
 
70 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 expressly stipulating, however, that such recognition should not 
 render the University liable for any pecuniary aid, nor was the 
 Board to have any control over the property or management. of 
 the Medical Association. Soon after, this College was removed to 
 Keokuk, its second session being opened there in November, 1850. 
 In 1851, the General Assembly confirmed the action of the Board, 
 and by act approved January 22, 1855, placed the Medical College 
 under the supervision of the Board of Trustees of the University, 
 and it continued in operation until this arrangement was termi- 
 nated by the new Constitution, September 3, 1857. 
 
 From 1847 to 1855, the Board of Trustees was kept full by 
 regular elections by the Legislature, and the Trustees held fre- 
 quent meetings, but there wfis no effectual organization of the 
 University. In March, 1855, it was partially opened for a term 
 of sixteen weeks. July 16, 1855, Amos Dean, of Albany, N. Y., 
 wjis elected President, but he never entered fully upon its duties. 
 The University was again opened in September, lc55, and con- 
 tinued in operation until June, 1856, under Professors Johnson, 
 Welton, Van Valkenburg and Guffin. 
 
 In the Spring of 1856 the capital of the State was located at 
 Des Moines; but there were no buildings there, and the capitol at 
 Iowa City was not vacated by the State until December, 1857. 
 
 In June. 1856, the faculty was re-organized, with some changes, 
 and the University was again opened on the third Wednesday of 
 September, 1856. There were one hundred and twenty-four stu- 
 dents — eighty-three males and forty-one females in attendance 
 during the year 1856-7, and the first regular catalogue was pub- 
 lished. 
 
 Article IX, Section 11, of the new State Constitution, which 
 went into force Sept. 3, 1857, provided as follows: 
 
 The State University shall be established at one place, without branches at 
 any other place; and the University fund shall be applied to that institution, 
 and no other. 
 
 Article XI, Section 8, provided that 
 
 The seat of government is hereby permanently established, as now fixed by 
 law, at the city of Des Moines, in the county of Polk; and the State University 
 at Iowa City, in the county of Johnson. 
 
 The new Constitution created the Board of Education, consist- 
 ing of the Lieutenant-Governor, who was ex-officio President, and 
 one member to be elected from each judicial district in the State. 
 This Board was endowed with "full power and authority to legis- 
 late and make all needful rules and regulations in relation to com- 
 mon schools and other educational institutions," subject to altera- 
 tion, amendment or repeal by the General Assembly, which was 
 vested with authority to abolish or re-organize the Board at any 
 time after 1863. 
 
 In December, 1857, the old capitol building, now known as 
 Central Hall of the University, except the rooms occupied by the 
 United States District Court, and the property, with that excep- 
 
HISTORY OP IOWA. 71 
 
 tion, passed under the control of the Trustees, and became the 
 seat of the University. The old building had had hard usage, and 
 its arrangement was illy adapted for University purposes. Exten- 
 sive repairs and changes were necessary, but the Board was with- 
 out funds for these purposes. 
 
 The last meeting of the Board, under the old law, was held in 
 January, 1858. At this meeting a resolution was introduced, and 
 seriously considered, to exclude females from the University; but 
 it finally failed. 
 
 March 12, 1858, the first Legislature under the new Constitution 
 enacted a new law in relation to the University, but it was not 
 materially diff"erent from the former. March 11, 1858, the Legis- 
 lature appropriated $3,000 for the repair and modification of the 
 old capitol building, and 110.000 for the erection of a boarding 
 house, now known as South Hall. 
 
 The Board of Trustees created by the new law met and duly or- 
 ganized April 27, 1858, and determined to close the University 
 until the income from its funds should be adequate to meet the 
 current expenses, and the buildings should be ready for occupa- 
 tion. Until this term, the building known as the "Mechanics' 
 Academy" had been used for the school. The Faculty, except the 
 Chancellor (Dean), was dismissed, and all further instruction sus- 
 pended, from the close of the term then in progress until Sep- 
 tember, 1859. At this meeting, a resolution was adopted ex- 
 cluding females from the University after the close of the existing 
 term; but this was afterward, in August, modified, so as to admit 
 them to the Normal Department. 
 
 An ''Act for the Government and Regulation of the State Uni- 
 versity of Iowa," approved December 25, 1858, was mainly a re- 
 enactment of the law of March 12, 1858, except that changes were 
 made in the Board of Trustees, and manner of their appointment. 
 This law provided that both sexes were to be admitted on equal 
 terms to all departments of the institution, leaving the Board no 
 discretion in the matter. 
 
 At the annual meeting June 28, 1860, a full Faculty was ap- 
 pointed, and the University re-opened, under this new organiza- 
 tion, September 19, 1860 (third Wednesday); and at this date the 
 actual existence of the University may be said to commence. 
 
 August 19, 1862, Dr. Totten having resigned, Prof. Oliver M. 
 Spencer was elected President and the honorary degree of Doctor 
 of Laws was conferred upon Judge Samuel F. Miller, of Keokuk. 
 
 At the commencement, in June, 1863, was the first class of 
 graduates in the Collegiate Department. 
 
 The Board of Education was abolished March 19, 1864 and the 
 ofiice of Superintendent of Public Instruction was restored; the 
 General Assembly resumed control of the subject of education, 
 and on March 21 an act was approved for the government of the 
 University. It was substantially the same as the former law, but 
 
2 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 <Z 
 
 provided that the Governor should be ex-offieio President o£ the 
 Board of Trustees. Until 1858, the Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction had been ex-otKcio President. During the period of 
 the Board of Education, the University trustees were elected by 
 it, and elected their own President. 
 
 The North Hall was completed late in 1866. 
 
 The Law Department was established in June, 1868, and in Sep- 
 tember following an arrangement was perfected with the Iowa 
 Law School, at Des Moines, which had been in successful opera- 
 tion for three years, by which that institution was transferred to 
 Iowa City and merged in the Law Department of the University. 
 
 At a special meeting of the Jioard, on the 17th of September, 
 1868, a committee was appointed to consider the expediency of 
 establishing a Medical Department. The committee reported at 
 once in favor of the proposition, the Faculty to consist of the 
 ['resident of the University and seven Professors, and recom- 
 mended that, if practicable, the new department should be opened 
 at the commencement of the University year, in 1860-70. 
 
 By an act of the General Assembly, approved April 11, 1870, 
 the ''lioard of Begents" was instituted as the governing power of 
 the University, and since that time it has been the fundamental 
 law of the institution. The Board of Regents held its first meet- 
 ing June 28, 1870. 
 
 The South Hall, having been fitted up for the purpose, the first 
 term of the Medical Department was opened October 24, 1870, and 
 continued until March, 1871. 
 
 In June 18T'l:, the "Chair of ]\lilitary Instruction" Avas estab- 
 lished, and the President of the United States was requested to 
 detail an ofiicer to perform its duties. At the annual meeting, in 
 1876, a LH'partment of Homwpathy was established. In March, 
 1877 a resolution was adopted affiliating the High Schools of the 
 State with the University. 
 
 In 1872, the ex-officio membership of the Superintendent of 
 Public Instruction was abolished, but it was restcred in 1876. 
 
 The Board of Regents, in 1881, was composed as follows: 
 JohnH. Gear, Governor, cx-of/icio. President; Carl W. VonCoelln, 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex-officio; J. L. Picard, 
 President of the University, ex-officio. C. W. Slagle, Fairfield, 
 First District; D. N. Richardson, Davenport. Second District; H. 
 C. Bulis, Decorah, Third District; A. T, Reeve, Hampton, Fourth 
 District; J. N. W. Rumple, Marengo, Fifth District; W. 0. 
 Crosby, Centerville, Sixth District; T. S. Parr, Indianola, Seventh 
 District; Horace Everett, Council Bluffs, Eighth District; J. F. 
 Duncombe, Fort Dodge, Ninth District. John N. Coldren, Iowa 
 City, Treasurer; W. J. Haddock, Iowa City, Secretary. 
 
 The Regents are elected by the General Assembly, in Joint 
 Convention, for six years, one-third being elected at each regular 
 session, one member to be chosen from each Congressional District. 
 
Ifl.STOKY OF IOWA. 78 
 
 Tho presf^nfc educational corpH of the University consists of the 
 iVesident, nine Professors in the Collef^iate Department, one Pro- 
 fessor and six Instructors in Military Scifnce; Chancellor, three 
 Professors and four Lecturers in tlie Law JJepartnient; f'JLcht Prf>- 
 fessor demonstrators of Anatomy; Prosector of Surgery and two 
 Lecturers in the Medical Department, and two Professors in the 
 Homo-patliic Medical J)epartnient. 
 
 STATE inSTOKICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 l?y act of the General Assembly, approved January 28, 1857, a 
 State Historical Society was provided for in connection with the 
 University. At the commenc(;nje.it, an appropriation of $250 
 was made, to be expended in collectinj^, ernbodyinj^ and preserving 
 in an authentic form, a library of books, pamphlets, charts, maps, 
 manuscrif)ts, papers, paintinf^, statuary, and other materials illus- 
 trative of the history of Iowa; and with th(; further object to res- 
 cue from oblivion the memory of the early pioneers; to obtain and 
 preserve various accounts of their exploits, perils and hardy wl- 
 ventures; to secure facts and statements relative to the history 
 and genius, and progress and decay of the Indian tribes of Iowa, 
 to exhibit faithfully the antiquities and past and present re- 
 sources of the State; to aid in the publication of such collections 
 of the society as shall, from time to time, be deemed of value and 
 interest; to aid in binding its books, pamphlets, manuscripts and 
 papers, and in defraying other necessary incidental expenses of 
 the Society. 
 
 There was appropriated by law to this institution, till the Gen- 
 eral Assembly shall otherwise direct, the sum of §500 per annum. 
 The Society is under the management of a Board of Curators, 
 consisting of eighteen persons, nine of whom are appointed by the 
 Governor, and nine elected by the members of the Society. Thf 
 Curators receive rio compensation for their services. The annual 
 mfMiting is provided for by law, to be held at Iowa City on Mon- 
 day preceding the last Wednesday in June of each year. 
 
 The State Historical Society has published a series of very valu- 
 able collections, including history, biography, sketches, remi- 
 niscences, etc., with quite a large number of finely engraved por- 
 traits of prominent and early settlers, under the title of ''Annals 
 of Iowa.' 
 
 Till-: PHXlTEXTIAPtY. 
 Located at Fort Madison^ Lee County. 
 
 The first act of the Territorial Legislature, relating to a Peni- 
 tentiary in Iowa, was appro\ed January 25,1830, the fifth section 
 of which authorized the Governor to draw the sum of $20,000 
 appropriated by an act of Congress a[)proved July 7, 1838, for 
 public buildings in thf I'erritory of Iowa. It jrovided for a 
 
 5 
 
74 HISTORY OF IOWA, 
 
 Board of Directors of three persons elected by the Legi.-slature, 
 who should direct the building of the Penitentiary, which should 
 be located within one mile of the public square, in the town of 
 Fort Madison, Lee County, provided Fort Madison should deed to 
 the Directors a tract of land suitable for a site, and assign theni, 
 by contract, a spring or stream of water for the use of the Peni- 
 tentiary. To the Directors was also given the power of appoint- 
 ing the Warden; the latter to appoint his own assistants. 
 
 The first Directors appointed were John S. David and John 
 Claypole. They made their first report to the Legislative Council 
 November 9, 1839. The citizens of the town of Fort Madison 
 had executed a deed conveying ten acres of land for the building 
 site. Amos Ladd was appointed Superintendent of the building 
 June 5, 1839. The building was designed of sufficient capacity 
 to contain one hundred and thirty-eight convicts, and estimated to 
 cost 155,933.90. It was begun on the 9th of July, 1839; the 
 main building and Warden's house were completed in the fall of 
 1841. Other additions were made from time to time till the build- 
 ing and arrangements were all complete according to the plan of 
 the Directors. It has answered the purpose of the State as a 
 Penitentiary for more than thirty years, and during that period 
 many items of practical experience in prison management have 
 been gained. 
 
 ADDITIONAL PENITENTIARY. 
 
 Located at Anamosa, Jones County. 
 
 By an Act of the Fourteenth General Assembly, approved April 
 
 23, 1872, William Ure, Foster L. Downing and Martin Heisey 
 were constituted Commissioners to locate and provide for the erec- 
 tion and control of an additional Penitentiary for the State of 
 Iowa. These Commissioners met on the 4th of the following 
 June, at Anamosa, Jones County, and selected a site donated by 
 the citizens, within the limits of the city. L. W. Foster & Co., 
 architects, of Des Moines, furnished the plan, drawings and 
 specifications, and work was commenced on the building on the 
 28th day of September, 1872. May 13, 1873, twenty convicts 
 were transferred to Anamosa from the Fort Madison Peniten- 
 tiary. The entire enclosure includes fifteen acres, with a frontage 
 of t)63 feet. 
 
 IOWA HOSTITAL FOR THE INSANE. 
 
 Mount Pleasant^ Henry County. 
 
 By an act of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 
 
 24, 1855, $4,425 were appropriated for the purchase of a site, and 
 $50,000 for building an Insane Hospital, and the Governor 
 (Grimes), Edward Johnston, of Lee County, and Charles S. Blake, 
 of Henry County, were appointed to locate the institution and 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 75 
 
 superintend the erection of the building. These Commissioners 
 located the institution at Mt. Pleasant, Henr_y County. A plan 
 for a building designed to accomraodate 300 patients was accepted, 
 and in October work was commenced. Up to February 25, 1858, and 
 including an appropriation made on that date, the Legislature 
 had appropriated $258,555.67 to this institution, but the 
 building was not finished ready for occupancy by patients until 
 March 1, 18G1. April 18, 187G, a portion of the hospital build- 
 ing was destroyed by fire. 
 
 Trustees, i88;;— Timothy Whiting, Mount Pleasant; J. II. 
 Kulp, Davenport; Denison A. Hurst, Oskaloosa; John Conaway, 
 Brooklyn; L. E. Fellows, Lansing. Mark Ranney, M. D., Mt. 
 Pleasant, is the Medical Superintendent; C. V. Arnold, Mt. Pleas- 
 ant, Treasurer. 
 
 HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 
 
 Independence, Buchanan Countij. 
 
 In the winter of 18G7-8 a bill providing for an additional Hos- 
 pital for the insane was passed by the Legislature, and an appro- 
 priation of $125,000 was made for that purpose. Maturin L. 
 Fisher, of Clayton County; E. G. Morgan, of Webster County, and 
 Albert Clark, of Buchanan County, were appointed Commissioners 
 to locate and supervise the erection of the building. 
 
 The Commissioners met and commenced their labors on the 8th 
 day of June, 1868, at Independence. The act under which they 
 were appointed required them to select the most eligible and de- 
 sirable location, of not less than 320 acres, within two miles of 
 the City of Independence, that might be offered by the citizens 
 free of charge to the State. Several such tracts were offered, but 
 the Commissioners finally selected the south half of southwest 
 quarter of Section 5; the north half of northeast quarter of Sec- 
 tion 7; the north half of northwest quarter of Section 8, and the 
 north half of northeast quarter of Section 8, all in Township 88 
 north. Range 9 west of the Fifth Principal Meridian. This loca- 
 tion is on the west side of the Wapsipinicon River, and about a 
 mile from its banks, and about the same distance from Independ- 
 ence. 
 
 The contract for erecting the building was awarded for $88,114. 
 The contract was signed November 7, 1868, and work was at once 
 commenced. The main buildings were constructed of dressed 
 limestone, from the quarries at Anamosa and Farley. The base- 
 ments are of the local granite worked from the immense boulders 
 found in large quantities in this portion of the State. 
 
 In 1872 the building was so far completed that the Commis- 
 sioners called the first meeting of the Trustees, on the 10th day 
 of July of that year. The building was ready for occupancy 
 April 21, 1873. 
 
76 HISTOKY OF IOWA. 
 
 In 1877, the south wiug was built, but was not completed reiidjr 
 for occupancy until the ^Spring or Summer of 1878. 
 
 Trustees, 1881:— Erastus G. Morgan, Fort Dodge, President; 
 Jed. Lake, Independence; Mrs. Jennie C. McKinney, Decorah; 
 Lewis H. Smith, Algona; David Hammer, McGregor; A. Rey- 
 nolds, M. D., Independence, Medical Superintendent; W, G. Don- 
 nar, Independence, Treasurer. 
 
 IOWA COLLEGE FOU THF^ BLIND. 
 
 Vinton, Benton County. 
 
 In August, 1852, Prof. Samuel Bacon, himself blind, established 
 an Institution for the instruction 'of the blind of Iowa, at Keokuk. 
 
 By act of the General Assembly, entitled "An act to establish 
 an Asylum for the Blind,'' approved January 18, 1853, the institu- 
 tion was adopted by the State, removed to Iowa City, February 
 3d, and opened for the reception of pupils April 4, 1853, free to 
 all the blind in the State. 
 
 The Board of Trustees appointed Prof. Samuel Bacon, Princi- 
 pal; T. J. McGitiigen, Teacher of Music, and Mrs. Sarah K. 
 Bacon, Matron. Twenty-three pupils were admitted during the 
 first term. 
 
 In his first report, made in 1854, Prof. Bacon suggested that the 
 name should be changed from "Asylum for the Blind," to that 
 of "Institution for the Instruction of the Blind." This was done 
 in 1855, when the General Assembly made an annual appropria- 
 tion for the College of $55 per quarter for each pupil. This was 
 subsequently changed to $3,000 per annum, and a charge of |25 
 as an admission fee for each pupil, which sum, with the amounts 
 realized from the sale of articles manufactured by the blind pupils, 
 proved sufficient for the expenses of the institution during Mr. 
 Bacon's administration. 
 
 On the 8th of May, 1858, the Trustees met at Vinton, and made 
 arrangements for securing the donation of $5,000 made by the 
 citizens of that town. 
 
 In June of that year a quarter section of land was donated 
 for the College, by John W. 0. Webb and others, and the Trustees 
 adopted a plan for the erection of a suitable building. In 1860 the 
 plan was modified, and the contract for enclosing let for $10,420. 
 
 In August, 1862, the building was so far completed that the 
 goods and furniture of the institution were removed from Iowa City 
 to Vinton, and early in October the School was opened there with 
 twenty-four pupils. 
 
 Trustees, 1881:— Clinton 0. Harrington, Vinton; S. H. Wat- 
 son, Vinton, Treasurer; J. F. White, Sidney; M. H. Westerbrook, 
 Lyons; W. II. Leavitt, Waterloo; Jacob Springer, Watkius; 
 Rev. Robert Carothers, Principal of the Institution and Secretary 
 of the Board. 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 77 
 
 INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. 
 
 Council Bluffs^ Pottawattamie Counti/. 
 
 The Iowa Institution for the Deaf and Dumb was established 
 at Iowa City by an aet of the General Assembly, approved Jan- 
 uary 21, 1855. The number of deaf mutes then in the State was 
 301; the number attending the Institution, 50. 
 
 A strong effort was made, in 1866, to remove this important in- 
 stitution to Des Moines, but it Avas located permanently at Council 
 Bluffs, and a building rented for its use. In 1868, Commissioners 
 were appointed to locate a site for, and to superintend the erection 
 of a new building, lor which the Legislature appropriated ^125,- 
 000 to commence the work of construction. The Commissioners 
 selected ninety acres of land about two miles south of the city of 
 Council Bluffs. The main building and one wing were completed 
 October 1, 1870, and immediately occupied by the Institution. 
 February 25, 1877, the main building and east wing were de- 
 stroyed by fire; and August Gth, following, the roof of the new 
 west wing was blown off and the walls partially demolished by a 
 tornado. At the time of the lire about one hundred and fifty 
 pupils were in attendance. After the (ire, half the classes were 
 dismissed and the number of scholars reduced to about seventy, 
 and in a week or two the school was in running order. 
 
 Trustees, 1881: — B. F. Clayton, Macedonia, President; J. H. Stu- 
 benrauch, Pella, Treasurer; Louis Weinstein, Burlington. Rev. 
 A. Rogers, Superintendent. 
 
 SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOMES. 
 
 Davenport, Cedar Falls, (Jknwood. 
 
 The movement which culminated in the establishment of this 
 beniticent institution was originated by Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, 
 during the civil war of 1861-65. 'Fhis noble and patriotic lady 
 called a convention at Muscatine, on the 7th day of October, 1863, 
 for the purpose of devising measures for the support and educa- 
 tion of the orphan children of the brave sons of Iowa, who had 
 fallen in defense of national honor and integrity. So great was 
 the public interest in the movement that there was a large repre- 
 sentation from all parts of the State on the day named, and an 
 association was organized called the Iowa State Orphan Asylum. 
 
 The first meeting of the Trustees was held February 14, 1864, 
 in the Representative Hall, at Des Moines. Committees from both 
 branches of the General Assembly were present and were invited 
 to participate in their deliberations. Arrangements Avere made 
 for raising funds. 
 
 At the next meeting, in Davenport, in March 1864, the Trus- 
 tees decided to commence operations at once, and a committee was 
 
78 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 appointed to lease a suitable building, solicit donations, and pro- 
 cure -suitable furniture. The committee secured a large brick 
 building in Lawrence, Van Buren County, and engaged Mr. Ful- 
 ler, of Mt. Pleasant, as Steward. 
 
 At the annual meeting, in Des Moines, in June, ISGi, Mrs. C. 
 B. Baldwin, Mrs. G. G. Wright, Mrs. Dr. Horton, Miss Mary E. 
 Shelton and Mr. George Sherman, were appointed a committee to 
 furnish the building and take all necessary steps for opening the 
 ''Home,'' and notice was given that at the next meeting of the 
 Association; a motion would be made to change the name of the 
 Institution to Iowa Orphans' Home. 
 
 The work of preparation was conducted so vigorously that on 
 the 13th day of July following, the Executive Committee an- 
 nounced that they were ready to receive the children. In three 
 weeks twenty-one were admitted, and the number constantly in- 
 creased, so that, in a little more than six months from the time 
 of opening, there were seventy children admitted, and twenty 
 more applications, which the Committee had not acted upon — ^all 
 orphans of soldiers. 
 
 The "Home" was sustained by the voluntary contributions of 
 the people until 1866, when it was assumed by the State, In that 
 year, the General Assembly provided for the location of several 
 such "Homes" in the different counties, and which were estab- 
 lished at Davenport, Scott County; Cedar Falls, Black Hawk 
 County, and at Glenwood, Mills County. 
 
 The Board of Trustees, elected by the General Assembly, had 
 the oversight and management of the Soldiers' Orphans' Homes of 
 the State, ioid consisted of one person from each county in which 
 such Home was located, and one for the State at large, who held 
 their offices two years, or until their successors were elected and 
 qualified. An appropriation of ^10 per month for each orphan 
 actually supported was made by the General Assemby. 
 
 The Home in Cedar Falls was organized in 1865, and an old 
 hotel building was fitted i![) for it. January, 1866, there were 
 ninety-six inmates. 
 
 October 12, 1861), the Home was removed to a large brick build- 
 inw, about two miles west of Cedar Falls, and was very prosperous 
 for several years, but in 1876, the General Assembly established a 
 State Normal school at Cedar Falls, and appropriated the build- 
 ings aiul grounds for that purpose. 
 
 By "An act to provide for the organization and support of an 
 asylum at Glenwood, in Mills County for feeble-minded children,'' 
 approved March 17, 1876, the buildings and grounds used by the 
 Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place were appropriated for this 
 purpose. By another act, approved March 15, 1876, the soldiers' 
 orphans, then at the Homes at Glenwood and Cedar Falls, were to 
 be removed to the Home at Davenport within ninety days there- 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 79 
 
 jifter, and the Board of Trustees of the Home were authorized to 
 receive other indigent children into that institution, and provide 
 for tlieir education in industrial pursuits. 
 
 Trustees, 1881:— C. M. Holton, Iowa City; Seth P. Bryant, Da- 
 venport; C. C. Horton, Muscatine. S. W. Pierce, Davenport, Su- 
 perintendent. 
 
 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County. 
 
 Chapter 129 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, in 
 1876, established a State Normal School at Cedar Falls, Black 
 Hawk County, and required the Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' 
 Home to turn over the property in their charge to the Directors 
 of the new institution. 
 
 The Board of Directors met at Cedar Falls June 7, 1876, and 
 duly organized. The Board of Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' 
 Home met at the same time for the purpose of turning over to the 
 Directors the property of that institution, which was satisfac- 
 torily done and properly receipted for as required by law. 
 
 On the 12th of July, 1876, the Board again met, when executive 
 and teachers' committees were appointed and their duties assigned. 
 A Steward and a Matron were elected, and their respective duties 
 defined. 
 
 The buildings and grounds were repaired and fitted up as well as 
 the appropriation would admit, and the first term of school opened 
 September 6, 1876, commencing with twenty-seven and closing 
 with eightv-seven students. 
 
 Directors, 1881:— C. C. Cory, Pella; E. H. Thayer, Clinton; G. 
 S. Robinson, Storm Lake; N. W. Boyes, Dubuque; L. D. Lewel- 
 ling, Mitchellville; J. J. Tollerton, Cedar Falls; E. Townsend, 
 Cedar Falls, Treasurer. 
 
 ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE-MINDED CHILDREN. 
 
 Glenwood, Mills County. 
 
 Chapter 152 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, 
 approved March 17, 1876, provided for the establishment of an 
 asylum for feeble-minded children at Glenwood, Mills County, and 
 the buildings and the grounds of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at 
 that place were to be used for that purpose. The asylum was 
 placed under the management of three Trustees, one at least of 
 whom should be a resident of Mills County. Children between 
 the ages of 7 and 18 years are admitted. Ten dollars per month 
 for each child actually supported by the State was appropriated 
 by the act, and $2,000 for salaries of officers and teachers for two 
 vears. 
 
 Hon. J. W. Cattell, of Polk County; A. J. Russell, of Mills 
 County, and W. S. Robertson, were appointed Trustees, who held 
 their first meeting at Glenwood, April 26, 1876. The Trustees 
 
80 HISTORY OF lUWA. 
 
 found the house and farm which had been turned over to thera in 
 a shamefully dilapidated condition. The fences were broken 
 down and the lumber destroyed or carried away; the windows 
 broken, doors off their hinges, floors broken and filthy in the ex- 
 treme, cellars reeking with offensive odors from decayed vegeta- 
 bles, and every conceivable variety of filth and garbage; drains 
 obstructed, cisterns broken, pump demoralized, wind-mill broken, 
 roof leaky, and the whole property in the worst possible condi- 
 tition. It was the first work of the Trustees to make the house 
 tenable. 
 
 The institution was opened September 1, 1870; the first pupil 
 admitted September 4, and the school was organized September 10. 
 
 Trustees, 1881 :-Fred. O^Donnell, Dubuque; S. B. Thrall, Ot- 
 tumwa; E. R. S. Woodrow, Glenwood; 0. W. Archibald, M. D., 
 Medical Superintendent. 
 
 THE REFORM SCHOOL. 
 
 Eldora, Hardin Comity. 
 
 By "An act to establish and organize a State Reform School for 
 Juvenile Offenders," approved March 31,1808, the General Assem- 
 bly established a State Reform School at Salem, Lee (Henry) 
 County; provided for a Board of Trustees, to consist of one per- 
 son from each Congressional District. For the purpose of immedi- 
 ately opening the school, the Trustees were directed to accept the 
 proposition of the Trustees of White's Iowa Manual Labor Insti- 
 tute, at Salem, and lease, for not more than ten years, the lands, 
 buildings, etc., of the Institute, and at once proceed to prepare for 
 and open a reform school as a temporary establishment. 
 
 The contract for fitting up the buildings was let September 21, 
 1808, and on the 7th of October following, the first inmate was 
 received from Jasper County. The law provided for the admission 
 of children of both sexes under 18 years of age. In 1876 this, 
 was amended, so that they are now received at ages over 7 and 
 under 16 years. 
 
 April 19, 1872, the Trustees were directed to make a permanent 
 location for the school, and $^5,000 was appropriated for the erec-^ 
 tion of the necessary buildings. The Trustees were further di- 
 rected, as soon as practicable, to organize a school for girls in the 
 buildings where the boys were then kept. 
 
 The Trustees located the school at Eldora, Hardin County, and 
 in the code of 1873, it is permanently located there by law. 
 
 The institution is managed by fiVe Trustees, who are paid mile- 
 age, but no compensation for their services. 
 
 The object is the reformation of children of both sexes, under 
 the age of 10 and over 7 years of age; and the law requires that 
 the Trustees shall require the boys and girls under their charge to 
 be instructed in piety and morality, and in such branches of useful 
 
HISTOKY OF IOWA. 81 
 
 knowledge as are adapted to their age and capacity, and in some 
 regular course of labor, either mechanical, manufacturing or agri- 
 cultural, as is best suited to their age, strength, disposition and 
 capacity, and as may seem best adapted to secure the reformation 
 and future benefit of the boys and girls. 
 
 A boy or girl committed to the State Reform School is there 
 kept, disciplined, instructed, employed and governed, under the 
 direction of the Trustees, until he or she arrives at the age of 
 majority, or is bound out, reformed or legally discharged. The 
 binding out or discharge of a boy or girl as reformed, or having 
 arrived at the age of majority, is a complete release from all pen- 
 alties incurred by conviction of the crime for which he or she is 
 eommitted. 
 
 Trustees, 1881: — J. A. Parvin, Muscatine, President; W. J. 
 Moir, Eldorado, Treasurer; W. G. Stewart, Dubuque: J. T. Moor- 
 head, Ely; T. E. Corkhill, Mount Pleasant; B, J. Miles, Eldora, 
 Superintendent. L. D. Lewelling is Superintendent of the Girl's 
 Department, at Mitchellville, Polk County. 
 
 FISH HATCHING ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 Near Anamosa, Jones Countij. 
 
 The Fifteenth General Assembly, in 1871. passed "An act to 
 provide for the appointment of a Board of Fish Commissioners 
 for the construction of fish ways for the protection and propaga- 
 tion of fish;" also "an act to provide for furnishing the rivers 
 and lakes with fish and fish spawn." This act appropriated $3,000 
 for the purpose. In accordance with the provisions of the first 
 act above mentioned, on the 9th of Apiil, 1871, S. B. Evans, of 
 Ottumwa, Wapello County; B. F. Shaw, of Jones County, and 
 Charles A. Haines, of Black Hawk County, were appointed to be 
 Fish Commissioners by the Governor. These Commissioners met 
 at Des Moines, May 10, 1874, and organized by the election of 
 Mr. Evan^, President; Mr. Shaw, Secretary and Superintendent,, 
 and Mr. Haines, Treasurer. 
 
 The State was partitioned into three districts or divisions to en- 
 able the Commissioners to better superintend the construction of 
 fishways as required by law. At this meeting, the Superintendent 
 was authorized to build a State Hatching House; co procure the 
 spawn of valuable fish adapted to the waters of Iowa; hatch and 
 prepare the young fish for distribution, and assist in putting them 
 into the waters of the State. 
 
 In compliance with these instructions, Mr. Shaw at once com- 
 menced work, and in the summer of 1871, erected a "State 
 Hatching House" near Anamosa, 20x10 feet, two stories; the 
 second story being designt-d for a tenement; the first story being 
 the "hatching room." The hatching troughs are supplied with 
 water from a magnificent spring, four feet deep and about ten 
 
82 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 feet in diameter, affording an abundant and unfailing supply of 
 pure running water. During the first year, from May 10, 1874, 
 to May 10, 1875, the Commissioners distributed within the State 
 100,000 shad, 300,000 California salmon, 10,000 bass, 80,000 
 Penobscot (Maine) salmon, 5,000 land-locked salmon, 20,000 of 
 other species. 
 
 By act approved March 10, 1876, the law was amended so that 
 there should be one instead of three Fish Commissioners, and B. 
 F. Shaw was appointed, and the Commissioner Avas authorized to 
 purchase twenty acres of land, on which the State Hatching 
 House was located, near Anamosa. 
 
 In the fall of 1876, Commissioner Shaw gathered from the 
 sloughs of the Mississippi, where they would have been destroyed, 
 over a million and a half of small fish, which were distributed in 
 the various rivers of the State and turned into the Mississippi. 
 
 In 1875-6, 533,000 California salmon, and in 1877, 303,500 
 lake trout were distributed in various rivers and lakes in the State. 
 The experiment of stocking the small streams with brook trout is 
 being tried, and 81,000 of the speckled beauties were distributed 
 in 1877. In 1876, 100,000 young eels were distributed. These 
 came from New York, and they are increasing rapidly. 
 
 A. A. Mosier, of Spirit Lake, was appointed Assistant Fish 
 Commissioner by the Governor, under Chapter 156, Laws of 1880. 
 
 THE PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 The grants of public lands made in the State of Iowa, for vari- 
 ous purposes, are as follows: 
 
 1. The 500,000 Acre Grant. 
 
 2. The 16th Section Grant. 
 
 o. The Mortgage School Lands. 
 
 4. The University Grant. 
 
 5. The Saline Grant. 
 
 6. The Des M©ines Kiver Grant. 
 
 7. The Des Moines River School Lands. 
 
 8. The Swamp Land Grant. 
 
 9. The Railroad Grant. 
 
 10. The Agricultural College Grant. 
 
 I. THE FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND ACRE GRANT. 
 
 When the State was admitted into the Union she became en- 
 titled to 500,000 acres of land by virtue of an act of Congress, ap- 
 proved September 4, 1841, which granted to each State therein 
 specified 500,000 acres of public land for internal improvements; 
 to each State admitted subsequently to the passage of the act, an 
 amount of land which, with the amount that might have been 
 granted to her as a Territory, would amount to 500,000 acres. All 
 these lands were required to be selected within the limits of the 
 State to which they were granted. 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 83 
 
 The Constitution of Iowa declares that the proceeds of this 
 grant, together with all lands then granted or to be granted by 
 Congress for the benefit of schools, shall constitute a perpetual 
 fund for the support of schools throughout the State. By an act 
 approved January 15, 1849, the Legislature established a Board of 
 School Fund Commissioners, and to that Board was confided the 
 selection, care and sale of these lands for the benefit of the School 
 Fund. Until 1855, these Commissioners were subordinate to the 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction, but on the 15th of Janu- 
 ary of that year, they Avere clothed with exclusive authority in the 
 management and sale of school lands. The office of School Fund 
 Commissioner was abolished March 23, 1858, and that officer in 
 each county was required to transfer all papers to and make full 
 settlement with the County Judge. By this act, County Judges 
 and Township Trustees were made the agents of the State to con- 
 trol and sell the sixteenth sections; but no further provision was 
 made for the sale of the 500,000 acre grant until April 3d, 1860, 
 when the entire management of the school lands was committed 
 to the Boards of Supervisors of the several counties. 
 
 II. THE SIXTEENTH SECTIONS. 
 
 By the provisions of the act of Congress admitting Iowa to the 
 Union, there was granted to the new State the sixteenth section 
 in every township, or where that section had been sold, other 
 lands of like amount for the use of schools. The Constitution of 
 the State provides that the proceeds arising from the sale of these 
 sections shall constitute a part of the permanent school fund. The 
 control and sale of these lands were vested in the School Fund 
 Commissioners of the several counties until March 23, 1858, when 
 they were transferred to the County Judges and Township Trus- 
 tees, and were finally placed under the supervision of the County 
 Boards of Supervisors in January, 18G1. 
 
 III. THE MORTGAGE SCHOOL LANDS. 
 
 These do not belong to any of the grants of land proper. They 
 are lands that have been mortgaged to the school fund, and became 
 school lands when bid off" by the State by virtue of a law passed in 
 1862. Under the provisions of the law regulating the manage- 
 ment and investment of the permanent school fund, persons de- 
 siring loans from that fund are required to secure the payment 
 thereof with interest at ten per cent, per annum, by promissory 
 notes endorsed by two good sureties and by mortgage on unincum- 
 bered real estate, which must be situated in the county where the 
 loan is made, and which must be valued by three appraisers. Mak- 
 ing these loans and taking the required securities was made the 
 duty of the County Auditor, who was required to report to the 
 Board of Supervisors at each meeting thereof, all notes, mortgages 
 and abstracts of title connected with the school fund, for exami- 
 nation. 
 
Si HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 Wheu default was made of paynieut of money so secured by 
 mortgage, and no arrangement made for extension of time as the 
 law provides, the Board of Supervisors were authorized to bring 
 suit and prosecute it' with diligence to secure said fund; and in ac- 
 tion in favor of the county for the use of the school fund, an in- 
 junction may issue without bonds, a)id in any such action, when 
 (■ervice is made by publication, default and judgment may be en- 
 tered and enforced without bonds, in case of sale of land on exe- 
 cution founded on any such mortgage, the atttorney of the board, 
 or other person duly authorized, shall, on behalf of the State or 
 county for the use of said fund, lid such sum as the interests of 
 said fund may require, and if struck off to the State the land shall 
 be held and disposed of as the other lands belonging to the fund. 
 These lands are known as the Mortgage School Lands, and reports 
 of them, including description and amount, are required to be 
 made to the State Land Office. 
 
 IV. UNIVERSITY LANDS. 
 
 By act of Congress July 20, 18iO, a quantity of land, not 
 exceeding two entire townships, was reserved in the Territory of 
 Iowa for the use and support of a university within said Terri- 
 tory when it should become a State. This land was to be located 
 in tracts of not less than an entire section, and could be used for 
 no other purpose than that designated in the grant. In an act 
 supplemental to that for the admission of Iowa, March 3, 1845, 
 the grant was renewed, and it was provided that the lands should 
 be used "solely for the purpose of such university, in such manner 
 as the Legislature may prescribe." 
 
 Under this grant there were set apart aud approved by the Sec- 
 retary of the Treasury, for the use of the State, the following 
 lands: 
 
 ACHES. 
 
 In the Iowa City Land District, Feb. 29, 1849 20.150.49 
 
 In the Fairfield Land District, Oct. 17, 1849 9,685.20 
 
 In the Iowa City Land DiBtrict, Jan. 28, 1850 2,571.81 
 
 In the Fairtield Land District, Sept, 10, 1850 3,198.20 
 
 In the Dubuque Land District, May 19, 1852 10,552.24 
 
 Total : 45,957.94 
 
 These lands were certified to the State November 19, 1859. The 
 University lands are placed by law under the control and manage- 
 ment of the Board of Trustees of the Iowa State University. Prior 
 to 1865 there had been selected and located under 282 patents, 
 22,892 acres in sixteen counties, and 23,030 acres unpatented, 
 making a total of 45,928 acres. 
 
 V. SALINE LANDS, 
 
 By act of Congress approved March 3, 1845, the State of Iowa 
 was granted the use of the salt springs within her limits, not ex- 
 ceeding twelve. By a subsequent act, approved May 27, 1852, 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 85 
 
 Coiiwres- granted the spriiios to the State ill fee simple, together 
 with six sections of hind contignous to each, to be disposed of as 
 the Legislature might direct. In 1861 the proceeds of these lands 
 then to be sold were constituted a fund for founding and support- 
 ing a lunatic asylum, but no sales were made. In 1856 the pro- 
 ceeds of the saline lands were appropriated to the Insane Asylum, 
 repealed in 1858. In 18G0, the saline lands and funds were made a 
 part of the permanent fund of the State University. These lands 
 were located in Appanoose, Davis, Decatur, Lucas, Monroe, Van 
 Buren and Wayne counties. 
 
 Vr. THE DESMOlifES RIVER GKANT, 
 
 By act of Congress, approved August 8, 1846, a grant of land 
 was made for the improvement of the navigation of Des Moines 
 River, as follows: 
 
 Be it enacted hi/ tJte Senate and ffoiise of Representatives of the United 
 States of America in Congress assembled, That there be, and hereby is, grant- 
 ed to said 'J'erritory of Iowa for the purpose of aiding said 'J'erritory to improve 
 the navigation of the Des Moines River from its mouth to the Racoon Fork (so 
 called) in said Territory, one equal moiety, in alternate sections, of the public 
 lands (remaining unsold and not otherwise disposed of, incumbered or appro- 
 priated), in a strip five miles in width on each side of said river, to be selected 
 within said Territory by an agent or agents to be appointed by the Governor 
 thereof, subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury of the United 
 States. • 
 
 Sec. 2. And he it further enacted, That the lands hereby granted shall not 
 be conveyed or disposed of by said Territory, nor by any State to be formed out 
 of the same, except as said improvement shall progress; that is, the said Terri- 
 tory or State may sell so much of said lands as shall produce the sum of thirty 
 thousand dollars, and then the sales- shall cease until the Governor of said Ter- 
 ritory or State shall certify the fact to the President of the United States that 
 one-half of said sum has been expended upon said improvements, when the 
 said Territory or State may sell and convey a quantity of the residue of said 
 lands sufficient to replace the amount expended, and thus the sales shall pro- 
 gi"ess as the proceeds thereof shall be expended, and the fact of such expendi- 
 ture shall be certified as aforesaid. 
 
 Sec. 3. And he it further enacted, That the said River Des Moines shall be 
 and forever remain a public highway for the use of the Government of the 
 United States, free from any toll or other charge whatever, for any property of 
 the United States or persons in their service passing through or along the same; 
 Provided always. That it shall not be competent for the said Territory or 
 future State of Iowa to dispose of said lands, or any of them, at a price 
 lower thin, for th3 tim; bainj:, sh.ill b3 th; rainimain prica of other public 
 lands. 
 
 Sec. 4. And he it further enacted. That whenever the Territory of Iowa 
 shall be admitted into the Union as a State, the lands hereby granted for the 
 above purpose shall be .and become the property of said State for the purpose 
 contemp'atedin this act, and for no other; Provided, the Legislature of the 
 State of Iowa shall accept the said grant for the said purpose. Approved 
 Augusts, 1846. 
 
 By joint resolution of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved 
 January 9, 1847, the grant was accepted for the purpose specified. 
 By another act, approved February 21, 1847. entitled ''An act 
 
86 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 creating the Board of Public Works, and providing for the im- 
 provement of the Des Moines River," the Legislature provided for 
 a Board consisting of a President, Secretary and Treasurer, to be 
 elected by the people. This Board was elected August 2, 1847, 
 and was organized on the 22d of September following. The same 
 act defined the nature of the improvement to be made, and pro- 
 vided that the work should be paid for from the funds to be de- 
 rived from the sale of lands to be sold by the Board. 
 
 Agents appointed by the Governor selected the sections desig- 
 nated by "odd numbers" throughout the whcle extent of the 
 grant, and this selection was approved by the Secretary of the 
 Treasury. But there was a conflict of opinion as to the extent 
 of the grant. It was held by some that it extended from the mouth 
 of the Des Moines River only to the Racoon Forks; others held, 
 as the agents to make selection evidently did, that it extended from 
 the mouth to the headwaters of the river. Richard M. Young, 
 Commissioner of the General Laud office, on the 23d of February, 
 1848, construed the grant to mean that "the State is entitledito 
 the alternate sections within five miles of the Des Moines River, 
 throughout the whole extent of that river within the limits of 
 Iowa. Under this construction, the alternate sections above the 
 Raccoon Forks would, of course, belong to the State; but on the 
 19th of June, 1848, some of these lands were, by proclamation, 
 thrown into market. On the 18th of September, the Board of 
 Public Works filed a remonstrance with the Commissioner of the 
 General Land office. The Board also sent in a protest to the State 
 Land Office, at which the sale was ordered to take place. On the 
 8th of January, 1849, the Senators and Representatives in Con- 
 gress from Iowa also protested against the sale, in a communica- 
 tion to Hon. Robert J. Walker, Secretary of the Treasury, to 
 which the Secretary replied, concurring in the opinion that the 
 grant extended the whole length of the Des Moines River in 
 Iowa. 
 
 On the 1st of June, 1849, the Commissioner of the General 
 Land Office directed the Register and Receiver of the Land Office 
 at Iowa City "to withhold from sale all lands situated in the odd 
 numbered sections within five miles on each side of the Des 
 Moines River above the Raccoon Forks." March 13, 1850, the 
 Commissioner of the General Land Office submitted to the Secre- 
 tary of the Interior a list "showing the tracts falling within the 
 limits of the Des Moines River grant, above the Raccoon Forks, 
 etc., under the decision of the Secretary of the Treasury, of March 
 2, 1849," and on the 6th of April following Mr. Ewing, then 
 Secretary of the Interior, reversed the decision of Secretary 
 Walker, but ordered the lands to be withheld from sale until Con- 
 gress could have an opportunity to pass an explanatory act. The 
 Iowa authorities appealed from this decision to the President 
 (Taylor), who referred the matter to the Attorney General (Mr. 
 
mSTOKY OF IOWA. 87 
 
 Johnson). On the lOth of July, Mr. Johnson submitted as his 
 opinion, that by the terms of the grant itself, it extended to the 
 very source of the Des Moines, but before his opinion w^as pub- 
 lished President Taylof died. When Mr. Tyler's cabinet was 
 formed, the question was submitted to the new Attorney General 
 (Mr. Crittenden), who, on the 30th of June, 1851, reported that 
 in his opinion the grant did not extend above the Raccoon Forks. 
 Mr. Stewart, Secretary of the Interior, concurred with Mr, 
 Crittenden at first, but subsequently consented to lay the whole 
 subject before the President and Cabinet, who decided in favor of 
 the State. 
 
 October 29, 1851, Mr. Stewart directed the Commissioner of the 
 General Land Office to "submit for his approval such lists as had 
 been prepared, and to proceed to report for like approval lists of 
 the alternate sections claimed by the State of Iowa above the Rac- 
 coon Forks, as far as the surveys have progressed, or may here- 
 after be completed and returned." And on the following day, 
 three lists of these lands were prepared in the General Land 
 Office. 
 
 The lands approved and certified to the State of Iowa under 
 this grant, and all lying above the Raccoon Forks, are as follows: 
 
 Bv Secretary Stewart, Oct. 30, 1851 81,707.93 acres. 
 
 March 10, 1852 143,908.37 ' ' 
 
 By Secretary McLellaii, Dec. 17, 1853 33,142.43 " 
 
 Dec. 30, 1853 12,813.51 " 
 
 Total '. 271,572.24 acres. 
 
 The Commissioners and Register of the Des Moines River Im- 
 provement, in their report to the Governor, November 30, 1852, 
 estimate the total amount of lands then available for the work, 
 including those in possession of the State and those to be surveyed 
 and approved, at nearly a million acres. The indebtedness then 
 standing against the fund was about $108,000, and the Commis- 
 sioners estimated the work to be done would cost about $1,200,000. 
 
 January 10, 1853, the Legislature authorized the Commissioners 
 to sell ''any or all the lands which have or may hereafter be 
 granted, for not less than $1,300,000." 
 
 On the 24th of January, 1853, the General Assembly provided 
 for the election of a Commissioner by the people, and appointed 
 two Assistant Commissioners, with authority to make a contract, 
 selling the lands of the Improvement for $1,300,000. This new 
 Board made a contract, June 9, 1855, with the Des Moines Navi- 
 gation & Railroad Company, agreeing to sell all the lands dona- 
 ted to the State by Act of Congress of August 8, 1846, which the 
 State had not sold prior to December 23, 1853, for $1,800,000, to 
 be expended on the improvement of the river, and in paying the 
 indebtedness then due. This contract was duly reported to the 
 Governor and General Assembly. 
 
88 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 By an act approved January 25, 1855, the Commissioner and 
 Register of the Des Moines River Improvement were authorized 
 to negotiate with the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company 
 for the purchase of lands in Webster Co^^nty, which had been 
 sold by the School Fund Commissioner as school lands, but which 
 had been certified to the State as Des Moines River lands, and had, 
 therefore, become the property of the Company, under the pro- 
 visions of its contract with the State. 
 
 March 21, 1856, the old question of the extent of the grant was 
 again raised, and the Commissioner of the General Land Office 
 decided that it was limited to the Raccoon Fork. Appeal was 
 made to the Secretary of the Interior, and by him the matter was 
 referrred to the Attorney General, who decided that the grant ex- 
 tended to the northern boundary of the State; the State relin- 
 quished its claim to the lands lying along the river in Minnesota, 
 and the vexed question was supposed to be finally settled. 
 
 The land which had been certified, as well as those extending to 
 the northern boundary within the limits of the grant, were re- 
 served from pre-emption and sale by the General Land Commission- 
 er, to satisfy the grant of August 8, 1846, and they were treated 
 as having passed to the State, which from time to time sold por- 
 tions of them prior to their final transfer to the Des Moines Nav- 
 igation & Railroad Company^applying the proceeds thereof to the 
 improvement of the river in compliance with the terms of the 
 grant. Prior to the final sale to the Company, June 9, 1854, the 
 State had sold about 327,000 acres, of which amount 58,830 acres 
 were located above the Raccoon Fork. The last certificate of the 
 General Land Office bears date December 30, 1853. 
 
 After June 9th, 1854, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad 
 Company carried on the work under its contract with the State. 
 As the improvement progressed, the State, from time to time, by 
 its authorized officers, issued to the Company, in payment for said 
 work, certificates for land. But the General Land Office ceased to 
 certify lands under the grant of 1846. The State had made no 
 other provision for paying for the improvements, and disagree- 
 ments and misunderstanding arose between the State authorities 
 and the Company. 
 
 March 22, 1858, a joint resolution was passed by the Legislature 
 submitting a proposition for final settlement to the Company, 
 which w^as accepted. The Company paid to the State $20,000 in 
 cash, and released and conveyed the dredge boat and materials 
 named in the resolution; and the State, on the 3d day of May, 
 1858, executed to the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company 
 fourteen deeds or patents to the lands, amounting to 256,703,64 
 acres. These deeds were intended to convey all the lands of this 
 grant certified to the State by the General Government not pre- 
 viously sold; but, as if for the purpose of covering any tract or 
 parcel that miglit have been omitted, the State made another deed 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 89 
 
 of conveyance on the IStli day of May, 1858. These fifteen deeds, 
 it is claimed, by the Company, convey 266,108 acres, of which 
 about 53,367 are below the Raccoon Fork, and the balance, 212,741 
 acres, are above that point. 
 
 Besides the lands deeded to the Company, the State had deeded 
 to individual purchasers 58,830 acres above the Raccoon Fork, 
 making an aggregate of 271,571 acres, deeded above the Fork, all 
 of which had been certified to the State by the Federal Grovern- 
 ment. 
 
 By act approved March 28, 1858, the Legislature donated the 
 remainder of the grant to the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines & Minne- 
 sota Riilroad Company, upon condition that said Company as- 
 sumed all liabilities resulting from the Des Moines River improve- 
 ment operations, reserving 50,000 acres of the land in security for 
 the payment thereof, and for the completion of the locks and* 
 dams at Bentonsport, Crotton, Keosauqua and Plymouth. For 
 every three thousand dollars' worth of work done on the locks 
 and dams, and for every three thousand dollars paid by the Com- 
 pany of the liabilities above mentioned, the Register of the State 
 Land Office was instructed to certify to the Company 1,000 acres 
 of the 50,000 acres reserved for these purposes. Up to 1865, there 
 had been presented by the Company, under the provisions of the 
 act of 1858, and allowed, claims amounting to $109,579.37, about 
 seventy-five per cent, of which had been settled. 
 
 After the passage of the act above noticed, the question of the 
 extent of the original grant was again mooted, and at the De- 
 cember terra of the Supreme Court of the United States, in 1859- 
 60, a decision was rendered declaring that the grant did not ex- 
 tend above Raccoon Fork, and that all certificates of land above 
 the Fork had been issued without authority of law and were, 
 therefore, void (see 23 How., 66). 
 
 The State of Iowa had disposed of a large amount of land with- 
 out authority, according to this decision, and appeal was made to 
 Congress for relief, which was granted on the 3d day of March, 
 
 1861, in a joint resolution relinquishing to the State all the title 
 which the United States then still retained in the tracts of land 
 along the Des Moines River above Raccoon Fork, that had been 
 improperly certified to the State by the Department of the Inte- 
 rior, and which is now held by bona fide purchasers under the State 
 of Iowa. 
 
 In confirmation of this relinquishment, by act approved July 12, 
 
 1862, Congress enacted: 
 
 That the grant of lands to the then Territory of Iowa for the improvement of 
 the Des Moines River, made by the act of August 8, 1846, is hereby extended 
 so as to include the alternate ssctions (designated by odd numbers) lying within 
 five miles of said river, between the Raccoon Fork and the northern boundary 
 of said State; such lands are to be held and applied in accordance with the 
 provisions of the original grant, except that the consent of Congress is hereby' 
 given to the application of a portion thereof to aid in the construction of the 
 
90 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 Keokuk, Fort Des Moines & Minnesota Railroad, in accordance -with the pro- 
 visions of the act of the General Assembly of the State of Iowa approved March 
 22, 1858. And if any of the said lands shall have been sold or otherwise dis- 
 posed of by the United States before the passage of this act, except those re- 
 leased by the United States to the grantees of the State of Iowa, under joint 
 resolution of March 3, 1861, the Secretary of the Interior is hereby directed to 
 set apart an equal amount of lands within said State to be certified in lieu 
 thereof: Provided, that if the State shall have sold and conveyed any portion of 
 the lands lying within the limits of the grant the title of which has proved in- 
 valid, any lands which shall be certified to said State in heu thereof by virtue of 
 the provisions of this act, shall inure to and be held as a tnist fund for the ben- 
 efit of the person, or persons, respectively, whose titles shall have failed as 
 aforesaid. 
 
 The grant of lands by the above act of Congress was accepted 
 by a joint resolution of the General Assembly, Sept. 11, 1862, in 
 extra session. On the same day, the Governor was authorized to 
 appoint one or more Commissioners to select the lands in accord- 
 ance with the grant. These Commissioners were instructed to 
 report their selections to the Registrar of the State Land Office. 
 The lands so selected were to be held for the purposes of the 
 grant, and were not to be disposed of until further legislation 
 should be had. D. W. Kilburne, of Lee County, was appointed 
 Commissioner, and, on the 25th day of April, 1864, the General 
 Land Officer authorized the selection of 300,000 acres from the 
 vacant public lands as a part of the grant of July 12, 1862, and 
 the selections were made in the Fort Dodge and Sioux City Land 
 Districts. 
 
 Many difficulties, controversies and conflicts, in relation to claims 
 and titles, grew out of this grant, and these difficulties were en- 
 hanced by the uncertainty of its limits until the act of Congress 
 of July, 1862. But the General Assembly sought, by wise and 
 appropriate legislation, to protect the integrity of titles derived 
 from the State. Especially was it the determination to protect the 
 actual settlers, who had paid their money and made improvements 
 pr or to the final settlement of the limits of the grant by Con- 
 
 gress. 
 
 YII.— THE DES MOINES EIVER SCHOOL LANDS. 
 
 These lands constituted a part of the 500,000 acre grant made 
 by Congress in 1841; including 28,378.46 acres in Webster County, 
 selected by the Agent of the State under that grant, and ap- 
 proved by the Commissioner of the General Land Office February 
 20, 1851. They were ordered into the market June 6, 1853, by 
 the Superintendent of Public Instruction, who authorized John 
 Tolman, School Fund Commissioner for Webster County, to 
 sell them as school lands. Subsequently, when the act of 1846 
 was construed to extend the Des Moines River grant above Rac- 
 coon Fork, it was held that the odd numbered sections of these 
 lands within five miles of the river were appropriated by that act, 
 and on the 30th day of December, 1853, 12,813.51 acres were set 
 apart and approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior, 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 91 
 
 as a part of the Des Moines River grant. January 6, 185-1, the 
 Commissioner of the General Land Office transmitted to the Su- 
 perintendent of Public Instruction a certified copy of the lists of 
 these lands, indorsed by the Secretary of the Interior. Prior to 
 this action of the Department, however, Mr. Tolman had sold to 
 individual purchasers 3,191.28 acres as school lands, and their 
 titles Avere, of course, killed. For their relief, an act, approved 
 April 2, 1860, provided that, upon application and proper showing, 
 these purchasers should be entitled to draw from the State Treas- 
 ury the amount they had paid, with ten per cent, interest, on the 
 contract to purchase made with Mr. Tolman. Under this act, five 
 applications were made prior to 1864, and the applicants received, 
 in the aggregate, $919.53. 
 
 By an act approved April 7, 1862, the Governor was forbidden 
 to issue to the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Company any cer- 
 tificate of the completion of any part of said road, or any convey- 
 ance of lands, until the company should execute and file, in the 
 State Land office, a release of its claim — first to certain swamp 
 lands; second, to the Des Moines River Lands sold by Tolman; 
 third, to certain other river lands. That act provided that "the 
 said company shall transfer their interests in those tracts of land 
 in Webster and Hamilton Counties heretofore sold by John Tol- 
 man, School Fund Commissioner, to the Register of the State 
 Land Office in trust, to enable said Register to carry out and per- 
 form said contracts in all cases when he is called upon by the 
 parties interested to do so, before the 1st day of January, A. D., 
 1861. 
 
 The company filed its release to the Tolman lands, in the Land 
 Office, February 27, 1861, at the same time entered its protest that 
 it had no claim upon them, never had pretended to have, and had 
 never sought to claim them. The Register of the State Land Of- 
 fice, under the advice of the Attorney General, decided that pat- 
 ents would be issued to the Tolman purchasers in all cases where 
 contracts had been made prior to December 23, 1853, and remain- 
 ing uncancelled under the act of 1860. But iDcfore any were is- 
 sued, on the 27th of August, 1861, the Des Moines Navigation 
 and Railroad Company commenced a suit in Chancery, in the 
 District Court of Polk County, to enjoin the issue of such patents. 
 On the 30th of August, an ex parte injunction was issued. In 
 January, 1868, Mr. J. A. Harvey, Register of the Land Office, 
 filed in the court an elaborate answer to plaintiffs' petition, deny- 
 ing that the company had any right to or title in the lands. Mr. 
 Harvey's successor, Mr. C. C. Carpenter, filed a still more exhaus- 
 tive answer February 10, 1868. August 3, 1868, the District 
 Court dissolved the injunction. The company appealed to the 
 Supreme Court, where the decision of the lower court was affirmed 
 in December, 1869. 
 
92 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 VIII. SWAMP LAND GRANT. 
 
 All act o£ Congress, approved March 28, 1850, to enable Arkan- 
 sas and other States to reclaim swampy lands within their limits, 
 granted all the swamp and overflowed lands remaining unsold 
 within their respective limits to the several States. Although 
 the total amount claimed by Iowa under this act does not exceed 
 4,000,000 acres, it has, like theDes Moines Kiver and some of the 
 laud grants, cost the State considerable trouble and expense, and 
 required a deal of legislation. The State expended large sums of 
 money in making the selections, securing proofs, etc., but the 
 General Government appeared to be laboring under the impression 
 that Iowa was not acting in good faith; that she had selected 
 a large amount of lands under the swamp land grant, transferred 
 her interest to counties, and counties to private speculators, and 
 the General Land office permitted contests as to the character of 
 the lands already selected by the Agents of the State as "swamp 
 lands.'' Congress, by joint resolution December 18, 1856, and by 
 act March 3, 1857, saved the State from the fatal result of this 
 ruinous policy. Many of these lands were selected in 1854 and 
 1855, immediately after several remarkably wet seasons, and it 
 was but natural that some portions of the selections would not ap- 
 pear swampy after a few dry seasons. Some time after these first 
 selections were made, persons desired to enter parcels of the so- 
 called swamp lands and offering to prove them to be dry. In such 
 cases the General Land office ordered hearing before the local 
 land officers, and if they decided the land to be dry, it was permit- 
 ted to be entered and the claim of the State rejected. Specula- 
 tors took advantage of this. Affidavits were bought of irrespon- 
 sible and reckless men, who, for a few dollars, would confident- 
 ly testify to the character of lands they never saw. These ap- 
 plications multiplied until they covered 3,000,000 acres. It was 
 necessary that Congress should confirm all these selections to the 
 State, that this gigantic scheme of fraud and plunder might be 
 stopped. The act of Congress of March 3, 1857, was designed to 
 accomplish this purpose. But the Commissioner of the General 
 Land office held that it was only a qualified confirmation and un- 
 der this construction sought to sustain the action of the Depart- 
 ment in rejecting the claim of the State, and certifying them un- 
 der act of May 15, 1856, under which the railroad companies 
 claimed all swamp land in odd numbered sections within the lim- 
 its of their respective roads. This action led to serious complica- 
 tions. When the railroad grant was made, it was not intended, 
 nor was it understood that it included any of the swamp lauds. 
 These were already disposed of by previous grant. Nor did the 
 companies expect to receive any of them, but under the decision 
 of the Department adverse to the State the way was opened, and 
 hey were not slow to enter their claims. March 4, 1862, the At- 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 93 
 
 torney General of the State submitted to the General Assembly an 
 opinion that the railroad companies were not entitled even to con- 
 test the right of the State to these lands, under the swamp land 
 grant. A letter from the Acting Commissioner of the General 
 Land Office expressed the same opinion, and the General Assembly 
 by joint resolution, approved April 7, 1862, expressly repudiated 
 the acts of the railroad companies, and disclaimed any intention 
 to claim these lands under any other than the act of Congress of 
 September 28, 1850. A great deal of legislation has been found 
 necessary in relation to these swamp lands. 
 
 IX. THE RAILROAD GRANT. 
 
 One of the most important grants of public lands to Iowa for 
 purposes of internal improvement was that known as the "Rail- 
 road Grant," by act of Congress, approved May 15, 1856. This 
 act granted to the State of Iowa, for the purpose of aiding in the 
 construction of railroads from Burlington, on the Mississippi Riv- 
 er, to a point on the Missouri River, near the mouth of Platte 
 River; from the city of Davenport, via Iowa City and Fort Des 
 Moines to Council Bluffs; from Lyons City northwesterly to a 
 point of intersection with the main line of the Iowa Central Air 
 Line Railroad, near Maquoketa; thence on said main line, running 
 as near as practicable to the Forty-second Parallel; across the said 
 State of Iowa to the Missouri River; from the city of Dubuque to 
 a point on the Missouri River near Sioux City, with a branch from 
 the mouth of the Tete des Morts, to the nearest point on said road, 
 to be completed as soon as the main road is completed to that 
 point, every alternate section of land designated by odd numbers, 
 for six sections in width, on each side of said roads. It was also 
 provided that if it should appear, when the lines of those roads 
 were definitely fixed, that the United States had sold, or right of 
 pre-emption had attached to any portion of said land, the State 
 was authorized to select a quantity equal thereto, in alternate sec- 
 tions, or parts of sections, within fifteen miles of the line so lo- 
 cated. The lands remaining to the United States within six 
 miles on each side of said roads were not to be sold for less than 
 the double mininum price of the public lands when sold, nor were 
 any of said lands to become subject to private entry until they had 
 been first offered at public sale at the increased price. 
 
 Section 4 of the act provided that the lands granted to said State 
 shall be disposed of by said State only in the manner following, 
 that is to say: ''That a quantity of land not exceeding one hundred 
 and twenty sections for each of said roads, and included within a 
 continuous length of twenty miles of each of said roads, may be 
 sold; and when the Governor of said State shall certify to the Sec- 
 retary of the Interior that any twenty continuous miles of any of 
 said roads is completed, then another quantity of land hereby 
 
94 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 granted, not to exceed oue hundred and twenty sections for each 
 of said roads having twenty continuous miles completed as afore- 
 said, and included within a continuous length of twenty miles of 
 each of such roads, may be sold; and so from time to time until 
 said roads are completed, and if any of said roads are not com- 
 pleted within ten years, no further sale said shall be made, and the 
 lands unsold shall revert to the United States." 
 
 At a special session of the General Assembly of Iowa, by act ap- 
 proved July 14, 1856, the grant was accepted and the lands were 
 granted by the State to the several railroad companies named, pro- 
 vided that the lines of their respective roads should be definitely 
 fixed and located before April 1, 1857; and provided, further, that 
 if either of said companies should fail to have seventy-five miles 
 of road completed and equipped by the 1st day of December, 1859, 
 and its entire road completed by December 1, 1865, it should be 
 competent for the State of Iowa to resume all rights to lands re- 
 maining undisposed of by the company so failing. 
 
 The railroad companies, with the single exception of the Iowa 
 Central Air Line, accepted the several grants in accordance with 
 the provisions of the above act, located their respective roads and 
 selected their lands. The grant to the Iowa Central was again 
 granted to the Cedar Rapids & Missouri River Railroad Company, 
 which accepted it. 
 
 By act, approved April 7, 1862, the Dubuque & Sioux City Rail- 
 road Company was required to execute a release to the State of 
 certain swamp and school lands, included within the limits of its 
 grant, in compensation for an extension of the time fixed for the 
 completion of its road. 
 
 A careful examination of the act of Congress does not reveal 
 any special reference to railroad companies. The lands were 
 granted to the State, and the act evidently contemplated the sale 
 of them by the State, and the appropriation of the proceeds to aid 
 in the construction of certain lines of railroad within its limits. 
 Section 4 of the act clearly defines the authority of the State in 
 disposing of the lands. 
 
 Lists of all the lands embraced by the grant were made, and cer- 
 tified to the State by the proper authorities. Under an act of Con- 
 gress approved August 3, 1864, entitled, '"'An act to vest in the 
 several States and Territories the title i)i fee of the tabids ivhich 
 have been or may be certified to them,''' these certified lists, the 
 originals of which are filed in the General Land Oflice, conveyed 
 to the State ''the fee simple title to all the lands embraced in such 
 lists that are of the character contemplated" by the terms of the 
 act making the grant, and "intended to be granted thereby; but 
 where lands embraced in such lists are not of the character em- 
 braced by such act of Congress, and were not intended to be 
 granted thereby, said lists, so far as these lands are concerned, 
 shall be perfectly null and void; and no right, title, claim or in- 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 95 
 
 terest shall be conveyed thereby.'" Those certified lists made 
 under the act of May 15, 1S56, were forty-three in number, viz. : For 
 the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad, nine; for the Missis- 
 sippi & Missouri Railroad, eleven; for the Iowa Central Air Line, 
 thirteen; and for the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, ten. The 
 lands thus approved to the State were as follows: 
 
 Burlington & Missouri River R. R 287,095.34 acres 
 
 Mississippi & Missouri River R . R 774,674.36 ' ' 
 
 Cedar Rapids & Missouri River R. R 775,454.19 ' ' 
 
 Dubuque & Sioux City R. R 1,226,558.32 " 
 
 A portion of these had been selected as swamp lands by the 
 State, under the act of September 28, 1850, aud these, by the terms 
 of the act of August 3, 1854, could not be turned over to the rail- 
 roads unless the claim of the State to them as swamp was first re- 
 jected. It was not possible to determine from the records of the 
 State Land Office the extent of the conflicting claims arising un- 
 der the two grants, as copies of the swamp land selections in some 
 of the counties were not filed of record. The Commissioner of the 
 General Land Office, however, prepared lists of the lands claimed 
 by the State as swamp under the act of September 28, 1850, and 
 also claimed by the railroad companies under act of May 15, 1856, 
 amounting to 553,293.33 acres, the claim to which as swamp had 
 been rejected by the Department. These were consequently cer- 
 tified the State as railroad lands. There was no mode other than 
 the act of July, 1856, prescribed for transferring the title to these 
 lands from the State to the companies. The courts had decided 
 that, for the purposes of the grant, the lands belonged to the 
 State, and to her the companies should look for their titles. It was 
 generally accepted that the act of the Legislature of July, 1856, 
 was all that was necessary to complete the transfer of title. It was 
 assumed that all the rights and powers conferred upon the State by 
 the act of Congress of May 14, 1856, were by the act of the Gren- 
 eral Assembly transferred to the companies; in other words that* 
 it was designed to put the companies in the place of the State as 
 the grantees from Congress — and, therefore, that which perfected 
 the title thereto to the State perfected the title to the companies 
 by virtue of the act of July, 1856. One of the companies, how- 
 ever, the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad Company, was not 
 entirely satisfied with this construction. Its managers thought 
 that some further and specific action of the State authorities in ad- 
 dition to the act of the Legislature was necessary to complete their 
 title. This induced Gov. Lowe to attach to the certified lists his 
 official certificate, under the broad seal of the State. On the 9th 
 of November, 1859, the Governor thus certified to them (com- 
 mencing at the Missouri River) 187,207.44 acres, and December 
 27th, 43,775.70 acres, an aggregate of 231,073.14 acres. These 
 were the only lands under the grant that were certified by the 
 State authorities with any design of perfecting the title already 
 
96 HISTORY OF lUWA. 
 
 vested in the company by the act of July, 1856. The lists which 
 were afterward furnished to the company were simply certified by 
 the Governor as being correct copies of the lists received by the 
 State from the United States General Land Office. These subse- 
 quent lists embraced lands that had been claimed by the State 
 nnder the Swamp Land Grant. 
 
 It was urged against the claim of the Companies that the effect 
 of the act of the Legislature was simply to substitute them for the 
 State as parties to the grant. 1st. That the lands w- ere granted 
 to the State to be held in trust for the accomplishment of a specific 
 purpose, and therefore the State could not part with the title until 
 that purpose should have been accomplished. 2d. That it was not 
 the intention of the act of July 14, 185G, to deprive the State of 
 the control of the lands, but on the contrary that she should retain 
 supervision of them and the right to withdraw all rights and 
 powers and resume the title conditionally conferred by that act 
 upon the companies in the event of their failure to complete their 
 part of the contract. 3d. That the certified lists from the General 
 Land Office vested the title in the State only by virtue of the act 
 of Congress approved Augusts, 1854. The State Land Office held 
 that the proper construction of the act of July 14, 1856, when ac- 
 cepted by the companies was that it became a conditional contract 
 that might ripen into a positive sale of the lands as from time to 
 time the work should progress, and as the State thereby became 
 authorized by the express terms of the grant to sell them. 
 
 This appears to have been the correct construction of the act, 
 but by a subsequent act of Congress, approved June 2, 1864, 
 amending the act of 1856, the terms of the grant were changed, 
 and numerous controversies arose between the companies and the 
 State 
 
 The ostensible purpose of this additional act was to allow the 
 Davenport & Council Bluifs Railroad "to modify or change the 
 "location of the uncompleted portion of its line," to run through 
 the town of Newton, Jasper county, or as nearly as practicable to 
 that point. The original grant had been made to the State to aid 
 in the construction of railroads within its limits, and not to the 
 companies, but Congress, in 1864, appears to have been utterly ig- 
 norant of what had been done under the act of 1856, or, if not, 
 to have utterly disregarded it. The State had accepted the origin- 
 al grant. The Secretary of the Interior had already certified to 
 the State all the lauds intended to be included in the grant within 
 fifteen miles of the lines of the several railroads. It will be re- 
 membered that section 4, of the act of May 15, 1856, specifies the 
 manner of sale of these lands from time to time as work on the 
 railroads should progress, and also provided that "if any of said 
 roads are not completed within ten years, no further sale shall be 
 made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the United States.'''' 
 Having vested the title to these lands in trust, in the State of Iowa, 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 97 
 
 it is plain that until the expiration of the ten years there could be 
 no reversion, and the State, not the United States, must control 
 them until the grant should expire by limitation. The United 
 States authorities could not rightfully require the Secretary of 
 the Interior to certify directly to the companies any portion of the 
 lands already certified to the State. And yet Congress, by its act 
 of June 2, 1864, provided that whenever the Davenport & Council 
 Bluffs Railroad Company should file in the General Laud Office, at 
 Washington, a map definitely showing such new location, the 
 Secretary of the Interior should cause to be certified and conveyed 
 to said company, from time to time, as the road progressed, out of 
 any of the lands belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved 
 or otherwise disposed of, or to which a pre-emption claim or right 
 of homestead had not attached, and on Avhich a bona fide settle- 
 ment and ijnprovement had not been made under color of title de- 
 rived from the United States or froui the State of Iowa, within 
 six miles of such newly located line, an amount of land per mile 
 equal to that originally authorized to be granted to aid in the 
 construction of said road by the act to which this was an amend- 
 ment. 
 
 The term "out of any lands belonging to the United States, not 
 sold, reserved or otherwise disposed of, etc.," would seem to indi- 
 cate that Congress did intend to grant lands already granted, but 
 when it declared that the Company should have an amount per 
 mile equal to that originally authorized to be granted, it is plain 
 that the framers of the bill were ignorant of the real terms of the 
 original grant, or that they designed that the United States should 
 resume the title it had already parted with two years before the 
 lands could revert to the United States under the original act, 
 which was not repealed. 
 
 A similar change was made in relation to the Cedar Rapids & 
 Missouri Railroad, and dictated the conveyance of lands in a 
 similar manner. 
 
 Like provision was made for the Dubuque & Sioux City Rail- 
 road, and the Company was permitted to change the location of 
 its line between Fort Dodge and Sioux City, so as to secure the 
 best route between those points; but this change of location was 
 not to impair the right to the land granted in the original act, 
 nor did it change the location of those lands. 
 
 By the same act, the Mississippi & Missouri Railroad Company 
 was authorized to transfer and assign all or any part of the grant 
 to any other company or person, "if, in the opinion of said Com- 
 pany, the construction of said railroad across the State of Iowa 
 would be thereby sooner and more satisfactorily completed; but 
 such assignee should not in any case be released from the liabili- 
 ties and conditions accompanying this grant, nor acquire perfect 
 title in any other manner than the same would have been ac- 
 quired by the original grantee." 
 
98 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 Still further, the Burlingjton & Missouri River Railroad was not 
 forgotten, and was, by the same act, empowered to receive an 
 amount of land per mile equal to that mentioned in the original 
 act, and if that could not be found within the limits of six miles 
 from the line of said road, then such selection might be made 
 along such line within twenty miles thereof out of any public 
 lands belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved or other- 
 wise disposed of, or to which a pre-emption claim or right of 
 homestead had not attached. 
 
 Those acts of Congress, which evidently originated in the 
 •'lobby," occasioned much controversy and trouble. The Depart- 
 ment of the Interior, however, recognizing the fact that when the 
 Secretary had certified the lands to the State, under the act of 
 1856, that act divested the United States of title, under the vest- 
 ing act of August, 1854, refused to review its action, and also re- 
 fused to order any and all investigations for establishing adverse 
 claims (except in pre-emption cases), on the ground that the 
 United States had parted with the title, and, therefore, could ex- 
 ercise no control over the land. 
 
 May 12, 1864, before the passage of the amendatory act above 
 described. Congress granted to the State of Iowa, to aid in the 
 construction of a railroad from McGregor to Sioux City, and for 
 the benefit of the McGrregor Western Railroad Company every 
 alternate section of land, designated by odd numbers, for ten 
 sections in width on each side of the proposed road, reserving the 
 right to substitute other lands, whenever it was found that the 
 grant infringed upon pre-empted lands, or on lands that had been 
 reserved or disposed of for any other purpose. In such cases, the 
 Secretary of the Interior was instructed to select, in lieu, lands 
 belonging to the United States lying nearest to the limits specified. 
 
 X. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM LAND. 
 
 An Agricultural College and Model Farm was established by 
 act of the General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. By the 
 eleventh section of the act, the proceeds of the five-section grant 
 made for the purpose of aiding in the erection of public buildings 
 was appropriated, subject to the approval of Congress, together 
 with all lands that Congress might thereafter grant to the State 
 for the purpose for the benefit of the institution. On the 23d of 
 March, by joint resolution, the Legislature asked the consent of 
 Congress to the proposed transfer. By act approved July 11, 
 1862, Congress removed the restrictions imposed in the ''Five- 
 section grant," and authorized the General Assembly to make 
 such disposition of the lands as should be deemed best for the in- 
 terests of the State. By these several acts the five sections of 
 land in Jasper County certified to the State to aid in the erection 
 of public buildings under the act of March 3, 1845, entitled: "An 
 act supplemental to the act for the admission of the States of 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 99 
 
 Iowa and Florida into the Union," were fully appropriated for the 
 benefit of the Iowa Agricultural College and Farm. The institu- 
 tion is located in Story County. Seven hundred and twenty-one 
 acres in that and two hundred in Boone County were donated to 
 it by individuals interested in the success of the enterprise. 
 
 By act of Congress approved^July 2, 1852, an appropriation was 
 made to each State and Territory of 30,000 acres for each Sena- 
 tor and Representative in Congress to which, by the apportion- 
 ment under the census of 1850, they were respectfully entitled. 
 This grant was made for the purpose of endowing colleges of ag- 
 riculture and mechanic arts. 
 
 Iowa accepted this grant by an act passed at an extra session of 
 its Legislature, approved Sept 11, 1862, entitled: "An act to ac- 
 cept of the grant, and carry into execution the trust conferred 
 upon the State of Iowa by an act of Congress entitled 'An act 
 granting public lands to the several States and Territories which 
 may provide colleges for the benefit of agricultural and the me- 
 chanic arts, approved July 2, 1862." This act made it the duty 
 of the Grovernor to appoint an agent to select and locate the lands, 
 and provided that none should be selected that were claimed by 
 any county as swamp lands. The agent was required to make re- 
 port of his doings to the Grovernor, who was instructed to submit 
 the list of selections to the Board of Trustees of the Agricultural 
 College for their approval. One thousand dollars were appropri- 
 ated to carry the law into effect. The State having two Senators and 
 six Representatives in Congress, was entitled to 240,000 acres of 
 land under this grant, for the purpose of establishing and main- 
 taining an Agricultural College. Peter Melendy, Esq., of Black 
 Hawk County, was appointed to make the selections, and during 
 August, September and December, 1863, located them in the Fort 
 Dodge, Des Moines and Sioux City Land Districts. December 8, 
 1864, these selections were certified by the Commissioner of the 
 General land Office, and were approved to the State by the Secre- 
 tary of the Interior December 13, 1864. The title to these lands 
 were vested in the State in fee simple, and conflicted with no other 
 claims under other grants. 
 
 The agricultural lands were approved to the State as 240,000.96 
 acres; but 35,691.66 acres were located within railroad limits, 
 which were computed at the rate of two acres for one, the actual 
 amount of land approved to the State under this grant was only 
 204,309.30 acres, located as follows: 
 
 In Des Moines Land District 6,804.96 acres. 
 
 In Sioux City Land District 59,025.37 " 
 
 In Fort Dodge Land District 138,478.97 ' ' 
 
 By act of the General Assembly, approved March 29, 1864, en- 
 titled, "An act authorizing the Trustees of the Iowa State Agri- 
 cultural College and Farm, to sell all lands acquired, granted, do- 
 nated or appropriated for the benfit of said College, and to make 
 
 L«f€. 
 
100 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 ail- investment o£ the proceeds thereof," all these lands were 
 granted to the Agricultural College and Farm, and the Trustees 
 were authorized to take possession and sell or lease them. There 
 was then under the control of the Trustees, lands as follows: 
 
 Under the act of July 2, 1852 304,309.30 acres. 
 
 Of the five-section grant 3,200.00 " 
 
 Lands donated in Story County 721.00 " 
 
 Lands donated irr Boone County 200.00 " 
 
 Total 208,430.30 acres.. 
 
 The Trustees opened an ofhce at Fort Dodge, and appointed 
 Hon. G. W. Bassett their agent for the sale of these lands. 
 
 THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 The germ of the free public school S3^stera of Iowa, which now 
 ranks second to none in the United States, was planted by the 
 first settlers. They had migrated to the "Beautiful Land" from 
 other and older States, where the common school system had been 
 tested by many years' experience, bringing with them some 
 knowledge of its advantages, which they determined should be en- 
 joyed by the children of the land of their adoption. The system 
 thus planted was expanded and improved in the broad fields of 
 the West, until now it is justly considered one of the most com- 
 plete, comprehensive and liberal in the country. 
 
 Nor is it to be wondered at Avhen it is remembered humble log 
 school houses were built almost as soon as the log cabin of the 
 earliest settlers were occupied by their brave builders. In the lead 
 mining regions of the State, the first to be occupied by the white 
 race, the hardy pioneers provided the means for the education of 
 their children even before they had comfortable dwellings for their 
 families. School teachers Avere among the first immigrants to 
 Iowa. Wherever a little settlement was made, the school house 
 was the first united public act of the settlers; and the rude primi- 
 tive structures of the early time only disappeared when the com- 
 munities had increased in population and wealth, and were able to 
 replace them with more commodious and comfortable buildings. 
 Perhaps in no single instance has the magnificent progress of the 
 State of Iowa been more marked and rapid than in her common 
 school system and in her school houses, which, long since, super- 
 ceded the log cabins of the first settlers. To-day, the school houses 
 which everywhere dot the broad and fertile prairies of Iowa are 
 unsurpassed by those of any other State in the great Union. More 
 especially is this true in all her cities and villages, \yhere liberal 
 and lavish appropriations have been voted, by a generous people, 
 for the erection of large comniodious and elegant buildings, fur- 
 nished with all the modern improvements, and costing from $10,- 
 000 to $60,000 each. The people of the State have expended 
 more than $10,000,000 for the erection of public school buildings. 
 
 \ 
 
HISTOKY OF IOWA. 101 
 
 The first house erected in Iowa was a log cabin at Dubuque, 
 built by James L. Langworthy and a few other miners, in the 
 Autumn of 1833. 
 
 Mrs. Caroline D3xter commenced teaching in Dubuque in March, 
 1836. She was the first female teacher there, and probably the 
 first in Iowa. The first tax for the sujjport of schools at Dubuque 
 was levied in 1810. 
 
 Among the first buildings erected at Burlington was a commod- 
 ious log school house in 1834, in which Mr. Johnson Piersou 
 taught the first school in the Winter of 1834-5. 
 
 The first school in Muscatine County was taught by George 
 Bumgardner, in the Spring of 1837, and in 1839, a log school 
 house was erected in Muscatine, which served for a long time for 
 school house, church and public hall. The first school in Daven- 
 port was taught in 1838. In Fairfield Miss Clarissa Sawyer. 
 James F. Chambers and Mrs. Reed taught school in 1839. 
 
 When the site of Iowa City was selected as the capital of the 
 Territory of Iowa, in May, 1839, it was a perfect wilderness. The 
 first sale of lots took place August 18, 1839, and before January 
 1, 1840, about twenty families had settled within the limits of the 
 town; and during the same year, Mr. Jesse Berry opened a school 
 in a small frame building he had erected, on what is now College 
 street. 
 
 The first settlement in Monroe County was made in 1848, by 
 Mr. John R. Cray, about two miles from the present site of Ed- 
 dy ville; and in the Summer of 1844, a log school house was built, 
 and the first school was opened. About a year after the first cab- 
 in was built at Oskaloosa, a log school house was built. 
 
 At Fort Des Moines, now the Capital of the State, the first 
 school was taught in the winter of 1846-7. 
 
 The first school in Pottawattamie County was opened at Coun- 
 cil Point, prior to 1849. 
 
 The first school in Decorah was taught in 1853. In Osceola, the 
 first school was opened by Mr. D. W. Scoville. The first. school 
 at Fort Dodge was taught in 1855, by Cyrus C. Carpenter, since 
 (jovernor of the State. In Crawford County the first school 
 house was built in Mason's Grove in 1856, and Morris McHenry 
 first occupied it as teacher. 
 
 During the first twenty years of the history of Iowa, the log 
 school houses prevailed, and in 1861, there were 893 of these 
 primitive structures in use for school purposes in the State. Since 
 that time they have been gradually disappearing. In 1805, there 
 were 79G; in 1870, 330; and in 1875, 121. 
 
 Iowa Territory was created July 3, 1838. January 1, 1839, the 
 Territorial Legislature passed an act providing that ''there shall 
 be established a common school, or schools, in each of the coun- 
 ties in this Territory, which shall be open and free for every class 
 of white citizens between the ages of five and twenty-one yoars." 
 
102 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 The second section of the act provided that "the County Board 
 shall, from time to time, form such districts in their respective 
 counties whenever a petition may be presented for the purpose by a 
 majority of the voters resident within such contemplated district." 
 These districts were governed by boards of trustees, usually of 
 three persons; each district was required to maintain school at 
 least three months in every year; and later, laws were enacted 
 providing for county school taxes for the payment of teachers, 
 and that whatever additional sum might be required should be 
 assessed upon the parents sending, in proportion to the length of 
 time sent. 
 
 AVhen Iowa Territory became a State, in 1846, with a popula- 
 tion of 100,000 and with 20,000 pupils within its limits, about 
 four hundred school districts had been organized. In 1850, there 
 were 1,200, and in 1857, the number had increased to 3,265. 
 
 In March, 1858, the Seventh General Assembly enacted that 
 "each civil township is declared a school district," and provided 
 that these should be divided into sub-districts. This law went in- 
 to force March 20, 1858, and reduced the number of school dis- 
 tricts from about 3,500 to less than 900. 
 
 The change of school organization resulted in a very material 
 reduction of the expenditures for the compensation of District 
 Secretaries and Treasurers. An effort was made for several years, 
 from 1867 to 1872, to abolish the sub-district system. The Legis.- 
 lature of 1870, provided for the formation of independent districts 
 from the sub-districts of district townships. The system of 
 graded schools was inaugurated in 1849; and new schools, in which 
 more than one teacher is employed, are universally graded. 
 
 The first official mention of Teachers' Institutes in the educa- 
 tional records of Iowa, occurs in the annual report of Hon. Thomas 
 H. Benton, Jr., made December 2, 1850. 
 
 In March, 1858, an act was passed authorizing the holding of 
 Teachers' Institutes for periods not less than six working days, 
 whenever not less than thirty teachers should desire. The Super- 
 intendent was authorized to expend not exceeding $100 for any 
 one Institute, to be paid out by the County Superintendent as the 
 Institute might direct for teachers and lecturers, and one thou- 
 sand dollars was appropriated to defray the expenses of these In- 
 stitutes. 
 
 The Board of Education at its first session, commencing Decem- 
 ber 6, 1858, enacted a code of school laws which retained the ex- 
 isting provisions for Teachers' Institutes. In March, 1860, the 
 General Assembly amended the act of the Board by appropriating 
 "a sum not exceeding fifty dollars annually for one such Institute, 
 held as provided by law in each county." 
 
 By act approved March 19, 1874, Normal Institutes were estab- 
 lished in each county, to be held annually by the County Superin- 
 tendent, and in 1876 the Sixteenth General Assembly established 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 103 
 
 the first permanent State Normal School at Cedar Falls, Black 
 Hawk County, appropriating the building and property of the 
 Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place for that purpose. 
 
 The public school system of Iowa is admirably organized, and if 
 the various officers who are entrusted with the educational inter- 
 ests of the commonwealth are faithful and competent, should and 
 will constantly improve. 
 
 "The public schools are supported by funds arising from several 
 sources. The sixteenth section of every Congressional Township 
 was set apart by the General Government for school purposes, be- 
 ing one-thirty-sixth part of all of the lands of the State. The 
 minimum price of these lands was fixed at one dollar and tAventy- 
 five cents per acre. Congress also made an additional donation to 
 the State of five hundred thousand acres, and an appropriation of 
 five per cent, on all the sales of public lands to the school fund. 
 The State gives to this fund the proceeds of the sales of all 
 lands which escheat to it; the proceeds of all fines for the vio- 
 lation of the licjuor and criminal laws. The money derived from 
 these sources constitutes the permanent school fund of the State, 
 Avhich cannot be diverted to any other purpose. The penalties 
 collected by the courts for fines and forfeits go to the school fund 
 in the counties where collected. The proceeds of the sale of lands 
 and the five per cent, fund go into the State Treasury, and the 
 State distributes these proceeds to the several counties according to 
 their request, and the counties loan the money to individuals for 
 long terms at eight per cent, interest, on security of land valued 
 at three times the amount of the loan, exclusive of all buildings 
 and improvements thereon. The interest on these loans is paid 
 into the State Treasury, and becomes the available school fund of 
 the State. The counties are responsible to the State for all mone}^ 
 so loaned, and the State is likewise responsible to the school 
 fund for all moneys transferred to the counties. The interest on 
 these loans is apportioned by the State Auditor semi-annually to 
 the several counties of the State, in proportion to the number of 
 persons between the ages of five and twenty-one years. The 
 counties also levy an annual tax for school purposes, which is ap- 
 portioned to the several district townships in the same way. A 
 district tax is also levied for the same purpose. The money aris- 
 ing from these several sources constitutes the support of the pub- 
 lic schools, and is sufficient to enable every sub-district in the 
 State to afi'ord from six to nine months' school each year." 
 
 The taxes levied for the support of schools are self-imposed. 
 Under the admirable school laws of the State, no taxes can be 
 legally assessed or collected for the erection of school houses until 
 they have been ordered by the election of the district at a school 
 meeting legally called. The school houses of Iowa are the pride 
 of the State and an honor to the people. If they have been some- 
 times built at a prodigal expense, the tax-payers have no one to 
 
104 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 blame but themselves. The teachers' and contingent funds are 
 determined by the Directors, under certain legal restrictions. 
 These boards are elected annually, except in the independent dis- 
 tricts, in which the board may be entirely changed every three 
 years. The only exception to this mode of levying taxes for sup- 
 port of schools is the county school tax, which is determined by 
 the County Board of Supervisors. The tax is from one to three 
 mills on the dollar; usually, however, but one. 
 
 In his admirable message to the General Assembly, just previous 
 to retiring from the Gubernatorial chair. Gov. Gear has the follow- 
 ing to say concerning the public schools of Iowa: 
 
 ''The number of school children reported is 594,750. Of this 
 number 384,192 are, by approximation, between the ages of six 
 and sixteen years. The number of all ages enrolled in the 
 schools is 431,513, which shows that much the greater proportion 
 of children of school age avail themselves of the benefits of our 
 educational system. The average attendance is 254,088. The 
 schools of the State have been in session, on an average, 148 
 days. 
 
 "There is, doubtless, quite a per centage of children who attend 
 schools other than those of a public character. Yet the figures I 
 have quoted show clearly that very many children, through the 
 negligence or unwillingness of parents, do not attend school at all, 
 but are in a fair way to grow up in ignorance. I, therefore, earn- 
 estly suggest that you consider the expediency of enacting a com- 
 pulsory educational law, which should require attendance upon 
 schools of some kind, either public or private. To me it does 
 seem as if the State shall not have done her full duty by the 
 children, until she shall have completed her educational system 
 by some such enactment. 
 
 "The interest in the normal institutes is maintained, and, be- 
 yond doubt, they render great aid in training the teachers who 
 attend them. 
 
 "The receipts for all school purposes throughout the State were 
 $5,006,023. 60, and the expenditures 15,129,279.49; but of these 
 receipts and expenditures about $400,000 was of money borrowed 
 to refund outstanding bonds at lower rates of interest. 
 
 "The amount on hand aggregated, at the end of the fiscal year, 
 $2,653,356.55. This sum is, in my judgment, much larger than 
 the necessities of the schools require, and it would be well to im- 
 pose some check to prevent an excessive or unnecessary levy of 
 taxes for school purposes." 
 
 The significance of such facts as these is unmistakable. Such 
 lavish expenditures can only be accounted for by the liberality 
 .and public spirit of the people, all of whom manifest their love 
 of popular education and their faith in the public schools by the 
 annual dedication to their support of more than one per cent, of 
 their entire taxable property; this too, uninterruptedly through a 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 105 
 
 series of years, conimencing in the midst of a Avar which taxed 
 their energies and resources to the extreme, and continuing 
 through years of general depression in business — years of moder- 
 ate yield of produce, of discouragingly low prices, and even amid 
 the scanty surrounding and privations of pioneer life. Few hu- 
 man enterprises have a grander significance or give evidence of a 
 more noble purpose than the generous contributions from the 
 scanty resources of the pioneer for the purpose of public educa- 
 tion. 
 
 POLITICAL RECORD. 
 
 TERKITORIAL OFFICERS. 
 
 Governors — Robert Lucas, 1838-41 ; John Chambers, 18'41-45; 
 James Clarke, 1845. 
 
 Secretaries — William B. Conway, 1838, died 1839; James Clarke, 
 1839; 0. H. W. Stull, 1841; Samuel J. Burr, 1843; Jesse Wil- 
 liams, 1845. 
 
 Auditors — Jesse Williams, 1840; Wm. L. Gilbert, 1843; Robert 
 M. Secrest, 1845. 
 
 Treasurers — Thornton Bayliss, 1839; Morgan Reno, 1840. 
 
 Judges — Charles Mason, Chief Justice, 1838; Joseph Williams, 
 1838, Thomas S. Wilson, 1838. 
 
 Presidents of Council — Jesse B. Browne, 1838-9; Stephen Hem- 
 stead, 1839-40; M. Bainridge, 1840-1; Jonathan W. Parker, 
 1841-2; John D. Elbert, 1842-3; Thomas Cox, 1843-4; S. Clinton 
 Hastings, 1845; Stephen Hemstead, 1845-6. 
 
 Speakers of the House — William H. Wallace, 1838-9; Edward 
 Johnston, 1839-40; Thomas Cox, 1840-1; Warner Lewis, 1841-2; 
 James M. Morgan, 1842-3; James P. Carleton 1843-4; James M. 
 Morgan, 1845; George W. McCleary, 1845-6. • 
 
 First Constitutional Convention^ 1844 — Shepherd Leffler, Presi- 
 dent; George S. Hampton, Secretary. 
 
 Second Constitutional Convention^ 1846 — Enos Lowe, President; 
 William Thompson, Secretary. 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Governors— A.\iB&\ Briggs, 1846 to 1850; Stephen Hemstead, 
 1850 to 1854; James W. Grimes, 1854 to 1858; Ralph P. Lowe, 
 1858 to 1860; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1860 to 1864; William M. 
 Stone, 1864 to 1868; Samuel Merrill, 1868 to 1872; Cvrus C. Car- 
 penter, 1872 to 1876; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1876 to 1877; Joshua 
 G. Newbold, Acting, 1877 to 1878; John H. Gear, 1878 to 1882; 
 Buren R. Sherman, 1882 to— 
 
 Lieutenant Governors — Office created by the new Constitution, 
 September 3, 1857— Oran Faville, 1858-9; Nicholas J. Rush, 
 1860-1; John R Needham, 1862-3; Enoch W. Eastman, 1864-5; 
 Benjamin F. Gue, 1866-7; John Scott, 1868-9; M. M. Walden, 
 
106 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 1870-1; H. C. Bulis, 1872-3; Joseph Dysart, 1874-5; Joshua G. 
 Newbold, 1876-7; Frank T. Campbell, 1878-82; 0. H. Manning, 
 1882 to—. 
 
 Secretaries of State — Elisha Cutler, Jr., Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 4, 
 1848; Josiah H. Bonney, Dec. 4, 1848, to Dec 2, 1850; George W. 
 McCleary, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 2, 1856; Elijah Sells, Dec. 1, 1856, 
 to Jan 5, 1863; James Wright, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867; Ed. 
 Wright, Jan. 7, 1867, to Jan 6, 1873; Josiah T. Young, Jan 6, 
 1873, to 1879; J. A. T; Hull, 1879 to—. 
 
 Auditors of State— Joseph T. Fales, Dec. 5, 1846 to Dec. 2, 1850; 
 William Pattee, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1854; Andrew J. Stevens, 
 Dec. 4, 1854, resigned in 1855; John Pattee, Sept. 22, 1855 to 
 Jan. 3 1859; Jonathan W. Cattell, 1859, to 1865; John A. Elliot, 
 1865 to 1871; John Russell, 1871 to 1875; Buren R. Sherman, 
 1875 to 1881; W. V. Lucas, 1881 to—. 
 
 Treasurers of State— Mor^aa Reno, Dec. 18, 1846, to Dec. 2, 
 1850; Israel Ki'ster, Dec 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1852; Martin L. Mor- 
 ris, Dec. 4, 1852, to Jan. 2, 1859; John W. Jones 1859 to 1868; 
 William H. Holmes, 1863 to 1867; Samuel E. Rankin, 1867 to 
 1873; William Christy, 1873 to 1877; George W. Bemis, 1877 to 
 1881; Edwin G. Conger, 1881 to—. 
 
 Superintendents of Public Instruction — Office created in 1847 — 
 James Harlan, June 5, 1845 (Supreme Court decided election void); 
 Thomas H. Benton, Jr., May 23, 1844, to June 7, 1854; James D. 
 Eads, 1854-7; Joseph C. Stone, March to June, 1857; Maturin L. 
 Fisher, 1857 to Dec. 1858, when the office was abolished and the 
 duties of the office devolved upon the Secretary of the Board of 
 Education. 
 
 Secretaries of the Board of Education — Thomas H. Benton, Jr., 
 1859—1863; Oran Faville, Jan. 1, 1864. Board abolished March 
 23, 1864. 
 
 Superintendents of Public Instruction — Office re-created March 
 23, 1864— Oran Faville, March 28, 1864, resigned March 1, 1867; 
 D. Franklin Wells, March 4, 1879, to Jan., 1870; A. S. Kissell, 
 1870 to 1872; Alonzo Abernethy, 1872 to 1877; Carl ^\ . von 
 Coelln, 1877 to 1882: J. W. Akers, 1882 to — . 
 
 State Binders — Office created February 21, 1845 — William M. 
 Coles, May 1, 1855, to May 1, 1859; Frank M. Mills, 1859 to 
 1867; James S. Carter, 1867 to 1870; J. J. Smart, 1870 to 1874; 
 H. A. Perkins, 1874 to 1878; Matt Parrott, 1878 to — . 
 
 Beqisters of the State Land Office — Anson Hart, May 5, 1855, 
 to May 13, 1857; Theodore S. Parvin, May 13, 1857, to Jan. 3, 
 1859; Amos B. Miller, Jan. 3, 1859, to October, 1862; Edwin 
 Mitchell, Oct. 31, 1862, to Jan. 5, 1863; Josiah A. Harvey, Jan. 
 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867; Cyrus C. Carpenter, Jan. 7, 1867, to Jan. 
 1871; Aaron Brown, January, 1871, to January, 1875; David Se- 
 cor, January, 1875, to 1879; J. K. Powers, 1879 to — . 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 107 
 
 State Printers — Office created Jan. 3, 1840 — Garrett D. Palmer 
 and Georcre Paul, 1849; William H. Merritt, 1851 to 1853; Wil- 
 liam A. Hornish, 1853 (resigned May 16, 1853); Mahoney & Dorr, 
 1853 to 1855; Peter Moriarty, 1855 to 1857; John Teesdale, 1857 
 to 1861; Francis W. Palmer, 1861 to 1869; Frank M. Mills, 1869 
 to 1870; G. W. Edwards, 1870 to 1872; R. P. Clarkson, 1872 to 
 1878; Frank M. Mills, 1878 to — . 
 
 Adjutants General — Daniel S. Lee, 1851-5; Geo. W. McCleary, 
 1855-7; Elijah Sells, 1857; Jesse Bowen, 1857-61; Nathaniel Ba- 
 ker, 1861 to 1877; John H. Loolay, 1877 to 1879; W. L. Alexan- 
 der, 1879 to — . 
 
 Attorneys General — David C. Cloud, 1843-56; Samuel A. Rice, 
 1856-60; Charles C. Nourse, 1861-4; Isaac L. Allen, 1865 (resigned 
 January, 1866); Frederick E. Bissell, 1866 (died June 12, 1867); 
 Henry O'Connor, 1867-72; Marsena El Cutts, 1872-6; John F. 
 McJunkin, 1877 to 1881; Smith McPherson, 1881 to — . 
 
 Presidents of the Senate— Thomas Baker, 1846-7; Thomas 
 Hughes, 1848; John J. Selman, 1848-9; Enos Lowe, 1850-1; Wil- 
 liam E. Leffingwell, 1852-3; Maturin L. Fisher, 1854-5; William 
 W. Hamilton, 1856-7. Under the new Constitution, the Lieuten- 
 ant Governor is President of the Senate. 
 
 Speakers of the House — Jesse B. Brown, 1847-8; Smiley H. 
 Bonhan, 1849-50; George Temple, 1851-2; James Grant, 1853-4; 
 Reuben Noble, 1855-6; Samuel McFarlaj.d, 1856-7; Stephen B. 
 Sheledy, 1858-9; John Edwards, 1860-1: Rush Clark, 1862-3; Ja- 
 cob Butler, 1864-5; Ed. Wright, 1866-7: John Russell, 1868-9; 
 Aylett R. Cotton, 1870-71; James Wilson, 1872-3; John H. Gear, 
 1874-7; John Y. Stone, 1878-9; Lore Alford, 1880-1; G. R. Stra- 
 ble, 1882 to — . 
 
 New Constitutioml Convention^ 1859 — Francis Springer, Presi- 
 dent; Thos. J. Saunders, Secretary. 
 
 STATE OFFICERS, 1882. 
 
 Buren R. Sherman, Governor; 0. H. Manning, Lieutenant Gov- 
 ernor; John A. T. Hull, Secretary of State; William V. Lucas, Au- 
 ditor of State; Edward H. Conger, Treasurer of State; James K. 
 Powers, Register of State Land Office; W. L. Alexander, Adjutant 
 General; Smith McPherson, Attorney General; Edward J. Holmes, 
 Clerk of the Supreme Court; Jno. S. Runnells, Reporter Supreme 
 Court; J. W. Akers, Superintendent of Public Instruction; Frank 
 M. Mills, State Printer; Matt. Parrott, State Binder; Prof . Nathan 
 R. Leonard, Superintendent of Weights and Measures; Mrs. S. B. 
 Maxwell, State Librarian. 
 
 THE JUDICIARY. 
 
 SUPREME COURT OF IOWA, 1882. 
 
 Chief Justice, Austin Adams, Dubuque; Associate Judges, Wil- 
 liam H. Seevers, Oskaloosa; James D. Day, Sidney; James H. Roth- 
 rock, Tipton ; Joseph M. Beck^ Fort Madison. 
 
108 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 DISTRICTS COURTS, 18S2. 
 
 First Judicial District, Abraham H. Stutsman, Burlington; Sec- 
 ond Judicial District, Edward L. Burton, OttumAva; Third Judicial 
 District, R. C. Henry. Mount Ayr; Fourth Judicial District, Charles 
 H. Lewis, Cherokee; Fifth Judicial District, "William H. McHenry, 
 Des Moines; Sixth Judicial District, John C. Cook, Newton; Sev- 
 enth Judicial District, AValter I. Hayes, Clinton; Eighth Judicial 
 District, John Shane, Tinton; Ninth Judicial District. Sylvester 
 Bagg, Waterloo; Tenth Judicial District, Ezekial E. Cooley, De- 
 corah; Eleventh Judicial District, James W. McKenzie, Hampton; 
 Twelfth Judicial District, Geo. W. Ruddick, Waverly; Thirteenth 
 Judicial District, Joseph R. Reed, Council BlutFs: Fourteenth Ju- 
 dicial District, Ed. R. Duffie, Sac City. 
 
 CIRC§IT COURTS, 1882. 
 
 First Judicial Circuit, First District, William J. Jeffries, Mt. 
 Pleasant; Second Judicial Circuit, First District, Charles Phelps, 
 Burlington; Second Judicial Circuit, H. C. Traverse, Bloomfield; 
 Third Judicial Circuit. D. D. Gregory, Afton; Fourth Judicial 
 Circuit, J. R. Zuver, Sioux City; First Judicial Circuit, Fifth 
 District, Josiali Given, Des Moines; Second Judicial Circuit, 
 Fifth District, Stephen A. Callvert, Adel; Sixth Judicial Circuit, 
 W. R. Lewis, Montezuma; First Judicial Circuit, Seventh District, 
 Charles W. Chase, Clinton; Second Judicial Circuit, Seventh Dis- 
 trict, DeWitt C. Richman, Muscatine, Eighth Judicial Circuit, 
 Christian Hedges, Marengo; Ninth Judicial Circuit, Benjamin W. 
 Lacy, Dubuque; Tenth Judicial Circuit, Charles T. Granger, Wau- 
 kon; Eleventh Judicial Circuit, D. D. Miracle, Webster City; 
 Twelth Judicial Circuit, Robert G. Reineger, Charles City; Thir- 
 teenth Judicial Circuit, C. F. Loofbourrow, Atlantic; Fourteenth 
 Judicial Circuit, John N. Weaver. Algona. 
 
 o^ 
 
 CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATION. 
 
 UNITED STATES SENATORS. 
 
 (The first General Assembly failed to elect Senators.) 
 George W. Jones, Dubuque, Dec. 7, 1848-1858; Augustus C. 
 Dodge, Burlington, Dec. 7, 1S4S-1855; James Harlan, Mt. Pleas- 
 ant, Jan. 6, 1855-1865; James W. Grimes, Burlington, Jan, 26, 
 1858-died 1870; Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa City, elected Jan. 13, 
 1866, to fill vacancy caused bv resignation of James Harlan: James 
 Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, March 4, 1866-1872; James B. Howell, 
 Keokuk, elected Jan. 20, 1870, to fill vacancy caused by the death 
 of J. W. Grimes — term expired March 3d; Geo. G. Wright, Des 
 Moines, March 4, 1871-1877; William B. Allison, Dubuque, 
 March 4, 1872; Samuel J. Kirkwood, March 4, 1877; James W. 
 McDill, appointed to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of S. 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. ' 109 
 
 J. Kirkwood, in 18S1, aiul elected Jan. 1882, to fill the unexpired 
 term; James F. Wilson, elected Jan. 1882, for the full term, be- 
 {^inning March 4, 1883. 
 
 MEMBERS OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 Twenty-ninth Congress — 181G to 1817. — S. Clinton Hastings; 
 Shepherd Leffler. 
 
 Thirtieth Congress— 1%^ to 1819.— First District, William 
 Thompson; Second District, Shepherd Leffler. 
 
 Thirty-first Conry res.?— 1819 to 1851.— First District, First Ses- 
 sion, Wm. Thompson; unseated by the House of Representatives 
 on a contest, and election remanded to the people. First District, 
 Second Session, Daniel F. Miller. Second District, Shepherd 
 Leffler. 
 
 Thirty-second Conyress — 1851 to 1S53. — First District, Bern- 
 hart Henn. Second District, Lincoln Clark. 
 
 Thirty-third Congress — 1853 to 1855. — First District, Bernhart 
 Henn. Second District, John P. Cook. 
 
 Thirty-fourth Conyress — 1855 to 1857.— First District, Augustus 
 Hall. Second District, James Thorington. 
 
 Thirty-fifth Conyress — 1857 to 1859. — First District, Samuel 
 R. Curtis. Second District, Timothy Davis, 
 
 Thirty-sixth Conqress — 1859 to 186L — First District, Samuel 
 R. Curtis. Second District, William Vandever. 
 
 Thirty-seventh Conyress— l^Ql to 1863.— First District, First 
 Session, Samuel R. Curtis.'*' First District. Second and Third Ses- 
 sions, James F. Wilson. Second District, William Vandever. 
 
 Thirty-eiyhth Conyress — 1863 to 1865. — First District, James 
 F. Wilson; Second District, Hiram Price: Third District, William 
 B. Allison; F'ourth District, Josiah B. Grinnell; Fifth District, 
 John A. Kasson; Sixth District, Asahel W. Hubbard. 
 
 Thirty-ninth Conyress — 1865 to 1867. — First District, James 
 F. Wilson; Second District, Hiram Price; Third District, William 
 B. Allison; Fourth District, Josiah B. Grinnell; Fifth District, 
 John A. Kasson; Sixth District, Asahel W. Hubbard. 
 
 Fortieth Conyress— ISQl to 1869.— First District, James F. 
 AVilson; Second District, Hiram Price; Third District William B. 
 Allison; Fourth District, William Loughridge; Fifth District, 
 GrenvJUeM. Dodge; Sixth District, Asahel W. Hubbard. 
 
 Forty-first^ Co7iyress—lSm to 1871— First District. George W. 
 McCrary; Second District, William Smyth; Third District, 
 William B. Allison; Fourth District, William Loughridge; Fifth 
 District, Frank W. Palmer; Sixth District, Charles Pomeroy. 
 
 ♦Vacated seat by acceptance of commission as Brigadier General, and J. F. Wilson 
 chosen his successor. 
 
110 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 For(i/-.s('con(f Congress — 1871 to 1873 — Fiist District, George 
 W. McCrarv; Second District, Aylett R. Cotton; Third District, 
 W. G. Donnan; Fourth District, Madison M. Waldon; Fifth Dis- 
 trict, Frank W. Palmer; Sixth District, Jackson Orr. 
 
 Forfij-fhird Congress— ISl'd to 1875— First District, George W. 
 McCrary; Second" District, Aylett R. Cotton; Third District, 
 William G. Donnan; Fourth District, Henry 0. Pratt; Fifth Dis- 
 trict, James Wilson; Sixth District, William Loughridge; Seventh 
 District, John A. Kasson; Eighth District, James W. McDill; 
 Ninth District, Jackson Orr. 
 
 Fortij-fouiih Congress — 1875 to 1877. — First District. George 
 W. McCrary, Second District; John Q. Tufts; Third District, L. 
 L. Ainsworth; Fourth District, Henry 0. Pratt; Fifth District, 
 James Wilson; Sixth District: Ezekiel S. Sampson: Seventh Dis- 
 trict, John A. Kasson; Eighth District, James W. McDill; Ninth 
 District, Addison Oliver. 
 
 Forty-fifth Congress— ISr^ to 1870.— First District. J. C.Stone; 
 Second District, 'Hiram Price; Third District, T. W. Burdick; 
 Fourth District, H. C. Deering; Fifth District, Rush Clark; Sixth 
 District, E. S. Sampson; Seventh District, H. J. B. Cummings; 
 Eighth District, W. F. Sapp; Ninth District, A. Oliver. 
 
 Forty-sixth Congress — 1879 to 1881. — First District, Moses A. 
 McCoid; Second District. Hiram Price; Third District, Thomas 
 Updegraff; Fourth District, Natkaniel C. Deering; Fifth District, 
 W. G. Thompson; Sixth District, James B. Weaver; Seventh Dis- 
 trict, Edward H. Gillette; Eighth District, William F. Sapp; 
 Ninth District, Cyrus C. Carpenter. 
 
 Forty-seventh Congress— ISSl to 1883.— First District Moses A. 
 McCoid; Second District, Sewall S. Farwell; Third District, 
 Thomas Updegraflf': Fourth District, Nathaniel C. Deering: Fifth 
 District, W. G. Thompson; Sixth District, Madison E. Cutts, 
 Seventh District. John A. Kasson; Eighth District, William P. 
 Hepburn; Ninth District, Cyrus C. Carpenter. 
 
 WAR RECORD. 
 
 The State of Iowa may well be proud of her record during the 
 War of the Rebellion, from 1861 to 1865. ^ The following brief 
 but comprehensive sketch of the history she made during that 
 trying period, is largely from the pen of Col. A. P. Wood, of Du- 
 buque, the author of ''The History of Iowa and the War," one of 
 the best works of the kind yet written. 
 
 "Whether in the promptitude of her responses to the calls made 
 on her by the General Government, in the courage and constancy 
 of her soldiery in the field, or in the wisdom and efficiency with 
 which her civil administration was conducted during the trying 
 period covered by the War of the Rebellion, Iowa proved herself 
 the peer of any lnyal State. The proclamation of her Governor, 
 responsive to that oi the President, calling for volunteers to com- 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. Ill 
 
 pose her First Regiment, was issued on the fourth day after the 
 fall of Sumter. At the end of only a single week, men enough 
 were reported to be in quarters (mostly in the vicinity of their 
 own homes) to fill the regiment. These, however, were hardly 
 more than a tithe '^f the number Avho had been offered by com- 
 pany commanders for acceptance under the President's call. So 
 urgent were these offers that the Governor requested (on the 2-i:th. 
 of April) permission to organize an additional regiment. While 
 awaiting an answer to this request, he conditionally accepted a 
 sufficient number of companies to compose two additional regi- 
 ments. In a short time, he was notified that both of these would 
 be accepted. Soon after the completion of the Second and Third * 
 Regiments (which was near the close of May), the Adjutant Gen- 
 eral of the State reported that upAvards of one hundred and sev- 
 enty companies had been tendered to the Governor to serve against 
 the enemies of the Union. 
 
 "Much difficulty and considerable delay occurred in fitting these 
 regiments for the field. For the First Infantry a complete outfit 
 (not uniform) of clothing was extemporized — principall}^ by the 
 volunteered labor of loyal women in the different towns — from 
 material of various colors and qualities, obtained Avithinthe limits 
 of the State. The same was done in part for the Second Infantry. 
 Meantime, an extra session of the General Assembly had been 
 called by the Governor, to convene on the 15th of May. With 
 but little delay, that body authorized a loan of $800,000 to meet 
 the extraordinary expenses incurred, and to be incurred, by the 
 Executive Department, in consequence of the new emergency. A 
 wealthy merchant of the State (ex-Governor Merrill, then a resi- 
 dent of McGregor) immediately took from the Governor a con- 
 tract to supply a complete outfit of clothing for the tliree regi- 
 ments organized, agreeing to receive, should the Governor so elect, 
 his pay therefor in State bonds at par. This contract he executed 
 to the letter, and a portion of the clothing (which was manufac- 
 tured in Boston to his order) was delivered at Keokuk, the place 
 at which the troops had rendezvoused, in exactly one month from 
 the day on which the contract had been entered into. The re- 
 mainder arrived only a few days later. This clothing was delivered 
 to the regiment, but was subsequently condemned by the Govern- 
 ment, for the reason that its color was gray, and blue had been 
 adopted as the color to be worn by the national troops.'' 
 
 Other States also clothed their troops, sent forward under the 
 first call of President Lincoln, with gray uniforms, but it was 
 soon found that the Confederate forces were also clothed in gray, 
 and that color was once abandoned by the Union troops. If both 
 armies were clothed alike, annoying if not fatal mistakes were 
 liable to be made. 
 
 But while engaged in these efforts to discharge her whole duty, 
 in common with all the other Union-loving States in the great 
 
112 HISTOKY OF IOWA. 
 
 eiiiergem?v. Iowa wns compelled to make immediate and ample pro- 
 vision for the protection of lier own borders, from threatened in- 
 vasion on the south by the Secessionists of Missouri, and from 
 incursions from the west and northwest by bands of hostile 
 Indians, who were freed from the usual restraint imposed upon 
 them by the presence of regular troops stationed at the frontier 
 posts. These troops ai'e withdrawn to meet the greater and more 
 pressing danger threatening the life of the nation at its very 
 heart. 
 
 To provide for the adecjuate defense of her borders from the 
 ravages of both rebels in arms against the Government, and of 
 the more irresistible foes from the AYestern plains, the Governor 
 of the State was authorized to raise and equip two regiments of 
 infantry, a squadron of cavalry (not less than live companies) and 
 a battalion of artillery (not less than three companies). Only 
 cavalry were enlisted for home defense, however, '•hut." saysCoL 
 Wood, "in times of special danger, or when calls were made by 
 the Unionists of Northern Missouri for assistance against their 
 disloyal enemies, large numbers of militia on foot often turned 
 out. and remained in the field until the necessitv for their ser- 
 vices had passed. 
 
 "The first order for the Iowa volunteers to move to the field 
 was received on the 13th of June. It was issued by Gen. Lyon, 
 then commanding the United States forces in Missouri. The 
 First and Second Infantry immediately embarked in steamboats, 
 and moved to Hannibal. Some two weeks later, the Third In- 
 fantry was ordered to the same point. These three, together with 
 many other of the earlier organized Iowa regiments, rendered 
 their first field service in Missouri. The First Infantry formed 
 a part of the little army with which Gen. Lyon moved on Spring- 
 field, and fought the bloody battle of Wilson's Creek. It received 
 unqualified praise for its gallant bearing on the field. In the fol- 
 lowing month (September), the Third Iowa, with but very slight 
 support, fought with honor the sanguinary eugagement of Blue 
 Mills Landing: and in November, the Seventh Iowa, as a part of 
 a force commanded by Gen. Grant, greatly distinguished itself in 
 the battle of Belmont, where it poured out its blood like water — 
 losing more than half the men it took into action. 
 
 "The initial operations in which the battles referred to took 
 place, were followed by the more important movements led by 
 Gen. Grant, Gen. Curtis, of this state, and other commanders, 
 which resulted in defeating the armies defending the chief 
 strategic liijes he'd by the Confederates in Kentucky. Tennessee, 
 Missouri and Arkansas, and compelling their withdrawal from 
 much of the territory previously controlled by them in those 
 States. In these and other movements, down to the grrand cul- 
 minating campaign by which Vicksburg was captured and the 
 Confederacy permanently severed on the line of the Mississippi 
 
HISTORY OF IOWA. 113 
 
 River, Iowa troops took part in steadily increasing numbers. In 
 the investment and siege of Vicksburg, the State was represented 
 bv thirty regiments and two batteries, in addition to which, eight 
 regiments and one battery were employed on the outposts of the 
 besieging armv. The brilliancy of their exploits on the many 
 fields where they served, won for them the highest meed of praise, 
 both in military and civil circles. Multiplied were the terms in 
 which expression was given to this sentiment, but these words of 
 one of the journals of a neighboring State, 'The Iowa troops have 
 been heroes among heroes,' embody the spirit of all. 
 
 "In the veteran re-enlistments that disiiinguished the closing 
 months of 1S63, above all other periods in the history of re-enlist- 
 ments for the national armies, the Iowa three years' men (who 
 were relatively more numerous than those of any other State) 
 were prompt to set the example of volunteering for another term 
 of equal length, thereby adding many thousands to the great army 
 of those who gave this renewed and practical assurance that the 
 cause of the Union should not be left without defenders. 
 
 •'In all the important movements of 1864-65, by which the 
 Confederacy was penetrated in every cjuarter, and its military 
 power finally overthrown, the Iowa troops took part. Their 
 drum-beat was heard on the banks of everv e;reat river of the 
 South, from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, and everywhere they 
 rendered the same faithful and devoted service, maintaining on 
 all occasions their wonted reputation for valor in the field and en- 
 durance on the march. 
 
 "Two Iowa three-year cavalry regiments were employed during 
 the whole term of service in the operations that were in progress 
 from 1S63 to 1S66 against the hostile Indians of the western 
 plains. A portion of these men were among the last of the vol- 
 unteer troops to be mustered out of service. The State also sup- 
 plied a considerable number of men to the navy, who took part in 
 most of the naval operations prosecuted against the Confederate 
 power on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, and the rivers of the 
 West. 
 
 "The people of Iowa were early and constant workers in the 
 sanitary field, and by their liberal gifts and personal eftbrts for the 
 benefit of the soldiery, placed their State in front rank of those 
 who became distinguished for their exhibition of patriotic benevo- 
 lence during the period covered by the war. Agents appointed by 
 the Governor were stationed at points convenient for rendering 
 assistance to the sick and needy soldiers of the State, while others 
 were employed in visiting from time to time, hospitals, camps and 
 armies in the field, and doing whatever the circumstances rendered 
 possible for the health and comfort of such of the Iowa soldiers 
 as might be found there. 
 
 •"Some of the benevolent people of the State early conceived 
 the idea of establishing a Home for such of the children of! de- 
 
114 HISTOKT OF IOWA. 
 
 ceased soldiers as might be left iu destitute circumstances. This 
 idea first took form in in 1863, and in the following year a Home 
 was opened at Farmington, Van Buren County, in a building 
 leased for that purpose, and which soon became filled to its utmost 
 capacity. The institution received liberal donations from the gen- 
 eral public, and also from the soldiers iu the field. In 1865 it be- 
 came necessary to provide increased accommodations for the large 
 number of children who were seeking the benefits of its care. 
 This was done by establishing a branch at Cedar Falls, in Black 
 Hawk County, and by securing, during the same year, for the use 
 of the parent Home, Camp Kinsman, near the city of Davenport. 
 This property was soon afterward donated to the institution by 
 act of Congress. 
 
 "In 1866, in pursuance of a law enacted for that purpose, the 
 Soldiers' Orphans' Home (which then contained about four hun- 
 dred and fifty inmates) became a State institution, and thereafter 
 the sums necessary for its support were appropriated from the 
 State Treasury. A second branch was established at Glenwood, 
 Mills county. Convenient tracts were secured and valuable im- 
 provements made at the different points. Schools were also estab- 
 lished and employments provided for such of the children as were 
 of suitable age. In all ways the provision made for these wards 
 of the State has been such as to challenge the approval of every 
 benevolent mind. The number of children who have been in- 
 mates of the Home from its foundation to the present time is con- 
 siderably more than two thousand. 
 
 "At the beginning of the war, the population of Iowa included 
 about one hundred and fifty thousand men, presumably liable to 
 render military service. The Sta^^e raised, for general service, 
 thirty-nine regiments of infantry, nine regiments of cavalry, and 
 four companies of artillery, composed of three years ' men; one 
 regiment of infantry, composed of three months' men; and four 
 regiments and one battallion of infantry composed of one hundred 
 days' men. The original enlistments in these various organiza- 
 tions, including seventeen hundred and twenty-seven men raised 
 by draft, numbered a little more than sixty-nine thousand. The 
 re-enlistments, including upward of seven thousand veterans, 
 numbered very nearly eight thousand. The enlistments in the 
 regular army and navy, and organizations of other States, will, if 
 added, raise the total to upward of eighty thousand. The number 
 of men who, under special enlistments, and as militia, took part at 
 different times in the operations on the exposed borders of the 
 State, was probably as many as five thousand. 
 
 "Iowa paid no bounty on account of the men she placed in the 
 field. In some instances, toward the close of the war, bounty to 
 a comparatively small amount was paid by cities and towns. On 
 only one occasion — that of the call of July 18, 1864 — was a draft 
 made in Iowa. This did not occur on account of her proper liabil- 
 
HISTOKY OF IOWA. 
 
 115 
 
 supply men ™f «%"^,^ . "^^ '^^^^^^^^^ GoTernment msisted on 
 
 of 1 oVa states, older and larger in l-P"'-^™ aucl weaUh - 
 
 rnd'ot €w%ral 0^ 1^^^^ of her bonds issued and 
 soM dm'n ' t e wa? to provide the means for raising and equipping 
 ?rotps sen^t intrthe fi'eld, and to nieet the inevitable demands 
 upon her treasury in consequence ot the war. ^ 
 
 ^T^MENT showing the numher of men furnished and casualities in loxca 
 regiments during the War of the Eehelhon. 
 
 1st Battery 
 2d Battery. 
 3d Battery 
 4th Battery, 
 IstCavalr 
 2d Cavalry. 
 
 3d Cavalry I ^097 
 
 4th Cavalry, ' ^^^' 
 
 5th Cavalry 
 6th Cavalry 
 7th Cavalry 
 
 8th Cavalry 
 
 9th Cavalry 
 
 Sioux City Cavalry 
 
 Co. A, nth Penn. Cavalry 
 
 1st Infantry 
 
 2d Infantry 
 
 3d Infantry , 
 
 2d and 3d Inf. Consohdated 
 
 4th Infantry 
 
 5th Infantry 
 
 6th Infantry 
 
 7th Infantry 
 
116 • 
 
 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 Regiments. 
 
 8th Infantry 
 
 9th Infantry 
 
 10th Infantry 
 
 11th Infantry 
 
 r2th Infantry 
 
 13th Infantry 
 
 14th Infantry 
 
 14th Inf. Res. Batt. . . . / 
 
 15th Infantry 
 
 16th Infantry 
 
 17th Infantry 
 
 18th Infantry.... 
 
 19th Infantry 
 
 'JlOth Infantry 
 
 21st Infiintry , 
 
 22d Infantry , 
 
 23cl Infantry , 
 
 24th Infantry 
 
 25th Infantry 
 
 26th Infantry , 
 
 27th Infantiy 
 
 28th Infantry 
 
 29th Infantry 
 
 30th Infantry 
 
 31st Infantry 
 
 32d Infantry , 
 
 33d Infantry 
 
 34th Infantry 
 
 34th Consolidated 
 
 35th Infantry 
 
 36th Infantry 
 
 37th Infantry 
 
 38th Infantry 
 
 39th Infantry 
 
 40th Inflmtry 
 
 41st Infantry , 
 
 44th Infantiy 
 
 45th Infantiy 
 
 46th Infantiy 
 
 47th Infantry 
 
 48th Infantry 
 
 1st African Infantiy 
 
 Totals 
 
 
 1027 
 
 1090 
 
 1027 
 
 1022 
 
 981 
 
 989 
 
 840 
 
 ii96 
 
 918 
 950 
 875 
 985 
 925 
 980 
 
 1108 
 961 
 959 
 995 
 919 
 940 
 956 
 
 1005 
 978 
 977 
 925 
 985 
 953 
 
 '984 
 986 
 914 
 910 
 933 
 900 
 294 
 867 
 912 
 892 
 884 
 346 
 
 56.364 
 
 cc 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 a it-, »; 
 
 1 c 
 
 Itie 
 
 
 rt a 
 
 :=.2 o 
 
 o --^ 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 761 
 
 93 
 
 973 
 
 133 
 
 739 
 
 91 
 
 610 
 
 79 
 
 768 
 
 62 
 
 852 
 
 99 
 
 526 
 
 50 
 
 11 
 
 
 1029 
 
 130 
 
 819 
 
 89 
 
 614 
 
 61 
 
 449 
 
 33 
 
 562 
 
 86 
 
 359 
 
 13 
 
 531 
 
 66 
 
 634 
 
 105 
 
 570 
 
 69 
 
 761 
 
 111 
 
 564 
 
 61 
 
 562 
 
 69 
 
 530 
 
 21 
 
 696 
 
 76 
 
 511 
 
 36 
 
 646 
 
 63 
 
 540 
 
 27 
 
 589 
 
 89 
 
 580 
 
 62 
 
 561 
 
 6 
 
 72 
 
 5 
 
 510 
 
 42 
 
 619 
 
 59 
 
 503 
 
 3 
 
 431 
 
 1 
 
 406 
 
 54 
 
 361 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 22 
 
 1 
 
 28 
 
 1 
 
 47 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 383 
 
 5 
 
 30,394 
 
 3,139 
 
 O CO 
 
 ft 
 
 137 
 
 208 
 134 
 148 
 243 
 182 
 122 
 
 i94 
 
 217 
 
 97 
 
 109 
 
 91 
 
 130 
 
 157 
 
 126 
 
 196 
 
 197 
 
 199 
 
 204 
 
 162 
 
 180 
 
 248 
 
 233 
 
 261 
 
 203 
 
 196 
 
 228 
 
 13 
 
 182 
 
 226 
 
 141 
 
 310 
 
 119 
 
 179 
 
 2 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 
 23 
 
 45 
 
 4 
 
 331 
 
 8,695 
 
History of Chickasaw County. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 INTRODUCTION ; CONTRASTS OF ThEN AND NoW ; GEOGRAPHY ; 
 
 TopoGRAj'HY ; Geology ; Principal Productions, and Re- 
 
 sources ; Railroad Facilities. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 Lessening each year, under the relentless hand of death, the lit- 
 tle band of hardy pioneers, who first broke the way for civilization 
 and planted the broad marks of progress on the virgin prairie of 
 Chickasaw County, are fast passing away, and before they have all 
 been gathered to their rest let us hasten and gather from their lips 
 the tales of bygone days, when hardy pioneers, both men and wo- 
 men, leaving the friendly shelter of the old home, pushed out into 
 the domain of the wild beast and his scarce less wild brother the 
 savage, and there essayed to carve them out a new home. 
 
 Their bent forms, their furrowed brows and hoary hair, tell of 
 the fierce battle with trial and hardship — the fight for life with 
 penury and want, but the bright eye, the firm glance, tell that they 
 conquered, as only a noble band of heroes could conquer, and they 
 seem spared to sanctify the homes that they have founded in this 
 domain of nature. Their deeds deserve a place in history, that 
 will long survive the montiments of marble that must soon mark 
 the i^lace where they will be at rest. Let us then gather the de- 
 tails from them before they go, that we may honor them as we 
 should. And here let us draw 
 
 THE CONTRAST 
 
 between the then and now. Although settled at a comparatively 
 
120 HISTORY OF OIIICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 late date this parallel seems startling, those who have lived quiet- 
 ly upon their farms, which they settled when they first came, can 
 hardly realize the change, having seen it grow up so gradually. 
 But like the yesirs of man the country has been growing steadily 
 on. Thirty-five years ago these now productive acres, these rich 
 grazing lands and fertile farms, were l^ang an almost unbroken 
 wilderness, the hunting ground and often the battle ground of the 
 red Indian. 
 
 The soil was rich and productive, but what sterling nerve and 
 determination was required to make it a suitable habitation for 
 man,and to reclaim to the uses of pivilization its virgin soil, verily, 
 to turn the back on the older homes of our race and carve out a 
 new one on the bosom of the prarics was no light task. No roads 
 laid out or opened, and the settler was often compelled to go thirty 
 or forty miles to mill, and happy was he if he had grist to grind at 
 that. 
 
 Agricultural and domestic implements were scarce and crude, 
 and hard manual labor replaced them to a great extent. Contrast 
 the difference between the rude appliances of those early days, 0, 
 ye pioneers ! with the manifold labor-saving implements of to-day, 
 both in housekeeping and husbandry.- The harvester with the 
 scythe — ^the threshing machine with the flail — the sewing machine 
 with its more humble sister the sewing needle, and so on, through 
 all the long list, and then you can mark the change. 
 
 Contrast tlie rude log school house,' which served its multiform 
 purpose of school, church, court-house and often the only public 
 building witliin the radius of a day's journey, with the more pre^ 
 tentious churches, school-houses and county buildings of the*pres- 
 ent day. 
 
 In those earl}' days, "that tried men's souls," or at lea»t their 
 nerve and back bone, no handy market was there, for the farm 
 produce, nor convenient store where he could purchase all his 
 needs called for, but a long journey over a dreary road, often ex- 
 tending to 75 or 100 miles before he could reach a place advanced 
 enough to boast of a buyer and seller of produce and merchandise, 
 and his only conveyance the slow plodding oxen, or scarce more 
 expeditious farm horse. Now the iron horse snorts almost at the 
 very door, and towns and villages dot these boundless prairies, 
 bringing in tlieir train all conveniences of civiliaed life, and even 
 
HISTORY OF CJIICKASyVW COUNTY. 121 
 
 all tlie luxuries of the olden home he left in the bye gone days. 
 
 But let us to the facts. 
 The following facts as to the location, physical features, soil and 
 
 drainage, and resources of Chickasaw County, are mainly takea 
 from Andreas' State Atlas of Iowa, and are believed to be as accu- 
 rate as are obtainable. They are supplemented with additional 
 facts, wherever it is possible to procure reliable data and i^;ifor- 
 mation : 
 
 Chickasaw is the third county west of the Mississippi River in 
 the second tier from the north line of the State. It contains an 
 area of 504 square miles, or 322,500 acres 
 
 The surface of the country" is generally gently undulating, and 
 in some places very nearly level. Very little rolling land is found 
 within its limits, and.this is confined principally to a narrow strip 
 of the southwestern township, in the vicinity of Cedar River. The 
 natural drainage of this surface is remarkably good, as the county 
 is traversed by no less than seven streams of considerable size, all- 
 flowing in a southeasterly direction, and almost jjarallel to each 
 other, which, with their numerous small affluents, drain nearly 
 every section in the county. The current in these streams is uni- 
 formly quite rapid, but the nature of the rock underlying the en- 
 tire county has prevented them from eroding deep channels. 
 
 The numerous streams supply the county with numerous water 
 powers, which are being imjn'oved as the agricultural resources of 
 the county are develojjcd and require their use. It has so far been 
 chiefly employed for milling puri)oses, as other manufacturing en- 
 terprises have not been inaugurated to any great extent. 
 
 The streams are also generally skirted with timber, of which, 
 however, the county has not an abundant supjdy. There is enough 
 to supply the ordinary needs of the county since the railroads 
 have brought pine lumber within reach, as it is more economical 
 both for building and fencing than native lumber. The timber is 
 tolerably well distributed, and since the settlement of the county 
 has diminished the ravages of fire it is growing rapidly in groves 
 upon the prairies. The largest body of timber lies along the Cedar 
 River in the southwest part of the county. 
 
 The county is almost entirely underlaid with strata of rock 
 which geologists ascribe to the Hamilton group of the Devonian 
 Age. It is an argillacious limestone, or highly calcareous shales 
 alternating with bands of limestone. The following measurements 
 
122 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COl'fvTY. 
 
 of the (lift'erent strata at a quarry near Bradford, on Cedar River, 
 will indicate the general character of the rock formation : 
 
 Light-gray, fine grained limestone 9 inches. 
 
 Dark-gray, thick shaly limestone 7 feet. 
 
 I>uff-gray crystalline limestone 5 inches. 
 
 Hard, dark-gray shaly limestone 8 inches. 
 
 Hard dark-gray limestone 7 inches. 
 
 Unexposed 2 feet. 
 
 Light, buft-gray limestone 1 ft. 8 in. 
 
 The limestone exposed at this quarry is of medium purity, and 
 quite hard. So for as observed, it is almost destitute of fossil. It 
 is well exposed only along the l:>anks of Cedar River. l^^lsc where 
 over the county the coni])aratively level surface of deej) drift, and 
 the shallow channels of thi? streams are causes which prevent its 
 fi'equent exposure. 
 
 Materials suitable for the. manufacture of brick may be found in 
 nearly every township. 
 
 In an early day a large portion of the land in this (;ounty was 
 considered rather too wet to be of the highest value for cultivation. 
 The wet land was not found in the form of low marshes, difhcult 
 of drainage, for there were Jione of these, but was as frequent upon 
 the highest prairies as elsewhere* This peculiarity has very rap- 
 idly disa))pcared within the ^ last few years, as indeed it could 
 scarcelv fail to <1() with the excellent natural drainage already de- 
 scribed. It was doubtless caused in jiart by tlie comparatively 
 slight dejjressions made by the water course, but the principal 
 cause is probably to be found in the nature of the soil and subsoil.. 
 The soil is a deep, rich black loam, abundantly supplied with 
 vegetable mold from the decay of the wild grasses which grcAV pro- 
 fusely u})on its surface. The subsoil is a deep V)ed of the drilt de- 
 posite consisting of earth near the surface, and beneath this min- 
 gled clay, sand and gravel. Its texture was not so suitable for ad- 
 mitting the percolation of water through it from the surface as the 
 light porous subsoil of other sections, and the limestone rock does 
 not come near enough the surface to sup])ly the under drainage 
 afforded to still other sections. The luxuriant groAvth oi' grass and 
 tough sward which it formed tended to retard the drving of the 
 
 *t) 
 
 soil by evaporation. An undue proportion of water was retained 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 123 
 
 near the surface by these causes. Cultivation in places and the 
 pasturage of the intervening prairies, have tended to equalize the 
 conditions and the wet character of the soil began to disappear 
 without artificial drainage. Indeed, it is now satisfiictorily de- 
 monstrated that cultivation alone is capable of effecting a com- 
 plete cure ; that the soil, although in an early day appearing to be 
 of rather a sluggish quality, not so easily or readily sul)dued as 
 that of some other sections, becomes in the course of a few years, 
 as lively and as well adapted to the plow as any otlier, and that it 
 is rich and productive, possessing qualities of strength and dura- 
 bility found wanting in soils that were more easily subdued from 
 a state of nature, and which also wear out more easily. The sta- 
 tistics published in another part of this work, show that in rela- 
 tive productiveness for. the amount of land in cultivation, Chicka- 
 saw county takes rank among the foremost counties of tlie State of 
 Iowa. 
 
 The principal grain products of the county are wheat, corn, oats, 
 and barley. Wheat takes the lead slightly, followed very closely 
 by corn, and to a somewhat less degree by oats. The soil seems 
 to be nearly equally well adapted to all these grains, the relative 
 profit to be derived from them, chiefly govern the extent of culti- 
 vation. Stock raising is an important branch of its industries, as 
 both native and tame grasses thrive luxuriantly, and, indeed, 
 cattle raising is by many deemed more remunerative than exten- 
 sive grain growing. The county is therefore admirably suited for 
 mixed or diversified farming, and is not devoted to one class of 
 crops, or to grain growing or stock raising to the exclusion or det- 
 riment of the other branch, but most of its farmers cultivate the 
 several kinds of grain and grass and raise small herds of cattle, 
 thereby securing the rotation in crops and other conditions most 
 highly advantageous and favorable a reliable productiveness, and 
 have every year some surplus that will bring a good price in the 
 market, whether any particular product be up or down. 
 
 The mineral resource^ of the county are comparatively slight, 
 being limited to a few quarries, of building stone. Her agricultu- 
 ral resources are remarkably good, as we have already described, 
 and must constitute the foundation of her future prosperity. 
 There are excellent resources for manufacturing purposes, in her 
 abundant water powers. These have been already improved to 
 
124 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 considerable extent for flouring mills, but with her rich agricultu- 
 ral resources and demand for machinery, ought to be made to pro- 
 pel a large amount of machinery employed in the manufacture of 
 agricultural implements and woolen goods, which will doubtless 
 be done in time. 
 
 The railroad facilities of the county are good. It is traveled 
 from east to west by the Iowa and Dakota division of the Chicago, 
 Milwaukee and St. Paul railway, with stations at New Hampton, 
 Lawler and Chickasaw, affording ready access to the best wheat 
 market of the northwest — Milwaukee. The Cedar Falls and Min- 
 nesota branch of the Illinois Central railroad traverses the south- 
 west corner, with an important station at Nashua. Both of these 
 roads furnish ready communication with the principal pine lum- 
 ber districts. 
 
 We would add, however, that the capability of the county for 
 grazing purposes, is largely turning the attention of the farming 
 community in that direction, with marked success, as is instanced 
 by an improved financial condition of all classes. 
 
 Already a large number of creameries dot these fertile prairies^ 
 and foreshadow a new era in the prosperity of the county. The 
 population is largely made up of the emigrants from the over- 
 crowded European countries, principally fi'om Ireland, Germany 
 and Scandinavia, with many from the older states of our own 
 country, but all blend harmoniously in working for the present 
 and future good of this their adopted home. 
 
HISTOEY OF CHICKASAW COUNUY. 125 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Organization; Original Order toR the Same; First Officers; 
 Early Records; Division into Townships; County Elections; 
 County Officials; Votes on Federal State, and County 
 Officers, Etc. 
 
 ^) 
 
 The first attempt at organizing the county of Chickasaw was 
 made in 1853, the following, which relates thereto, being the first 
 entry in the records of the county judge: 
 
 "The county of Chickasaw embraces towns 94, 95, 96 and 97, 
 ranges 11, 12, 13 and 14, west of the fifth principal meridian; and 
 by order of the county judge of Fayette county, state of Iowa, the 
 same was on the 30th day of June, A. D. 1853, ordered organized. 
 John Bird, organizing sheriff in the election held on the 13th day 
 of August, 1853" 
 
 The following is a copy of the original notice to the organizing 
 sheriff, marked, filed December 31st, 1854, in the office of the 
 county judge of Chickasaw county, by J. Lyon county judge: 
 "STATE OF IOWA,) 
 Fayette OSunty. | 
 
 John Bird — Sir: Bv virtue of power vested in me by the co 1^ 
 of Iowa, I have this day appointed you organizing sheriff for the 
 organization of Chickasaw county. You are hereby required to 
 post up at least five Written notices in said county, that on the first 
 Monday in August there will be an election held at the house of 
 A. E. Haskel in the town of Bradford, for the purpose of organizing 
 said county and electing county officers as follows, to-wit: 
 
126 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 "County judge, district' clerk, recorder, and treasurer, school 
 fund commissioner, prosecuting attorney, sheriff, coroner, and 
 county surveyor. 
 
 "And also one justice of the peace, one constable, three township 
 trustees and town clerk. And make due returns to me of the same 
 at my office in West Union. 
 
 "The above mentioned notices to be posted up at least ten days 
 prior to the election. "Thomas Woodle, 
 
 "County Judge." 
 
 "June 30th, 1853. 
 
 The election was held as so ordered, and so far as can be defi- 
 nitely ascertained, G. R. Rowley was elected county judge; Wil- 
 liam Tucker, school fund commissioner; but for reasons satisfac- 
 tory, no doubt, to himself, this result was not in accordance with 
 the wishes of the organizing sheriff. Bird, who it would seem, 
 consequently withheld all returns on his warrant, and ordered a 
 new election, which took place April 3d, 1854, at which the organ- 
 ization of the county was duly effected. 
 
 The only record showing this election is the bond of John 
 Campbell as treasurer and recorder signed by G. R. Rowle}^ and 
 James S. Frazee as bondsmen, and filed in the office of James 
 Lyon, county judge, April 12th, 1854. The bond was in the sum 
 of five thousand dollars. Tradition has it that S. C. Goddard 
 resigned as clerk of the districts court, and his place was filled 
 by J. A. J. Bird. To the filing of the finding of the commissioners, 
 locating the county seat at Bradford, under date of August 14th. 
 1554, we find Bird's signature attached. An entry bearing date 
 September 5th, 1853, records a session of county court held that 
 day. Judge James Lyon presiding, at which no business was tran- 
 sacted, and the court adjourned. This is signed by S. C. Goddard 
 as clerk. 
 
 The county of Chickasaw, as appears from the above, was organ- 
 ized April 3d, 1854, when the following officers were elected: 
 James Lyon, county judge; John Campbell, recorder and treasurer; 
 S. C. Goddard, district clerk; D. A. Babcock, prosecuting attorney ; 
 Andrew Sample, sheriff; Oscar Cooley, surveyor; Dr. S. C. 
 Haynes, coroner. 
 
 At this election the whole county was treated as one precinct, 
 under the name of Bradford. The following is a concise account 
 of the subsequent township organization: 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 127 
 
 At the March term of the county court, 1855, it was or- 
 dered that the county of Chickasaw constitute five election dis- 
 tricts, viz: 1. That town 94-14 and 13 be called Bradford district. 
 2. That town 95-14 and 13 be called Chickasaw district. 3. That 
 town 96-14 and 13 be called Brink district. 4. That town 96 and 
 one-half of 97-11 and 12, be called Obispc) district. 5. That towns 
 94 and 95-11 and 12 be called Yankee district. 
 
 At the March term of the county court, 1856, township 96, range 
 14, and the south half of 97-14, were set off as a new township under 
 the name of Deerfield, and organized at the ensuing election. 
 
 At the same term, township 94, range 13, was set off, and at the 
 ensuing election organized under the name of Richland. 
 
 At the same term an order was made to organize township 96-13 
 and the south half of 97-13, under name of Washington, and the 
 township proceeded to organize; but the organization was pro- 
 nounced irregular, and it was attached to Deerfield. 
 
 At the April term, 1857, township 95-12 was ordered organized 
 under the name of New Hampton; also 96-13 and the south half 
 of 97-13, under the name of Washington; also 94-11 and 12 under 
 the name Fredericksburg. At this term the west half of 94-12 
 was attached to Richland, and 95-11 was organized under the 
 name of Stephen. 
 
 At the July term, 1857, township 95-13 was ordered organized 
 under the name of Davton. 
 
 At the March term, 1858, 96-12 and the south half of 97-12, were 
 ordered organized under the name of Jacksonville, and at the 
 same time 96-11 and the south half of 97-11, were ordered organ- 
 ized under the name of Utica. 
 
 In 1859, 94-12 was ordered organized under the name of Dresden. 
 Subsequently, the east tier of sections of Dresden was detached 
 and placed in Fredericksburg township, but these have been since 
 replaced, except the southeast of section 12 and the northeast 
 of 13. 
 
 A part of Dayton township has been taken from it and placed 
 in New Hampton township, viz: the east half of northeast, and 
 the northeast half of tke southeast of section 12. 
 
 Precedent to its organization as narrated above, Chickasaw 
 county was first created as a political subdivision of the State of 
 
128 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 Iowa, in 1851, by chapter nine of the act of the third general as- 
 sembly, section that thirty -three of which reads as follows : "That 
 the following shall be the boundaries of a new country which shall 
 be called Chickasaw, to-wit: Beginning at the northwest ©orner 
 of township 97, range 10; thence west to the northwest corner of 
 township 97, range 14, thence south to the southwest corner of 
 township 94, range 14; thence east to the southwest corner of 
 township 14, range 10; thence to the -place of beginning;" which 
 aot was approved on the 15th day of January, 1851. 
 
 A chapter one hundred and twenty of the acts of the fourth 
 general assembly, the boundaries were changed as follows: "Sec- 
 tion 1. Be it enacted by the general assembly of the state of Iowa, 
 that the north half of township 97, of ranges number 11, 12, 13 
 and 14, following the line of the United States subdivision thereof, 
 shall be, and the same are hereby detached from Chickasaw 
 county and attached to Howard. 
 
 By the act of the fourth general assembly, chapter twelve, ap- 
 proved January, 1843, Chickasaw county, "attached to Fayette 
 county for election, revenue and judicial purposes," and it was by 
 Thomas Woodle, county judge of Fayette county, that the order 
 appointing John Bird organizing sheriff of CTiickasaw county, was 
 issued June 30th, 1853, as related in preceding pages. 
 
 And here it will be in order to present a record of the 
 
 SUCCEEDING COUNTY ELECTIONS 
 
 in Chickasaw county, beginning with the first canvass of election 
 that appears of record in the election book in the office of the county 
 auditor : 
 
 AUGUST, 1856. 
 
 The first canvass of election recorded is that of the election held in 
 August, 1856. For State Senator, 34th District, 296 votes were 
 cast, of which Jeremiah T. Atkins received 219 and Edward Ellis 
 seventy-seven votes; for Representative, 48th District, E. R. Gillett 
 received 205 and William Pattee ninety-two votes. Timothy Davis 
 and Shepherd Lefiler were opposing candidates for Congress from 
 this, then the 2d Congressional District. Davis received 225 votes, 
 Leffler eighty-one. For Secretary of State, Elijah Sells, 224 votes; 
 George Snyder, 'seventy -nine; scattering, three. Clerk of district 
 court, George W. Reed, 166; Wesley Swazee, 140. Prosecut- 
 ing attorney, "Frederick Hall, 219; A. G. Case, ninety -two. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 129 
 
 For county purveyor, C. M. Webster received 164 votes out of a 
 possible 303, H. H. Shaffer, being his unsuccessful competitor. 
 Edwin Cudworth was elected coroner, receiving 168 votes, Elijah 
 Gunn receiving ninety -one and C. M. Webster forty-seven votes 
 for the same ofiice. Forty-five votes were cast against the "hog 
 law" to 236 in its favor, this beneficent measure being thus carried 
 by a rattling majority. ^ 
 
 SPECIAL ELECTION, OCTOBER. 15, 1856. 
 
 A special election in aid of McGregor, St. Peter and Mississippi 
 railroad. Total vote, 536; "for the railroad stock;" 352 "against 
 the railroad stock," 176; ballots incorrectly worded, eight. 
 
 APRIL 6, 1857. 
 
 At this election D. A. Jackson was elected assessor by a vote of 
 381 out of a total of 579 votes, M. B. Taylor receiving 195, J. Jack- 
 son one and F. Padden two. At the same election 309 votes were 
 cast in favor of granting aid to the Chicago, Iowa and Nebraska 
 railroad and 216 votes against granting such aid. L. H. Bugsbee 
 received 329 votes for superintendent public instruction, Maturin 
 L. Fisher seventy -nine. For commissioner of Des Moines river 
 improvement. Edwin Manning received 329 votes to Gideon S. 
 Bailey's eighty -nine. For Register State Land Ofiice. W. H. 
 Holmes, 328; T. S. Parvin, eighty-nine. 
 
 AUGUST 3 1857. 
 
 Lorenzo Bailey was elected county judge, receiving 438 votes 
 against I. C. H. Miller's 338. F. D. Bosworth was elected recorder 
 and treasurer, the vote standing 421 for Bosworth to 353 for 
 Wesley Swazee. For Sheriff, Frederick Padden, 414; A. E. 
 Bigelow, 350. Surveyor, C. M. Webster, 430; H. H. Shaffer, 349. 
 F. K. Figons was elected coroner and E. D. Filer, drainage com- 
 missioner. On the question of the ado])tion of the new constitu- 
 tion 685 votes were cast, 389 in favor of, and 296 against. On 
 striking out the work "white" from the suffrage clause — ninety-one 
 votes "yes," 109 votes "no." 
 
 OCTOBER 31, 1857. 
 
 In question of railroad tax — whole number of votes cast, 644; 
 "yes," 270; "no," 375. 
 
 APRIL 5, 1858. 
 
 School fund commissioner, whole number of votes cast, 829; 
 €. A. Oi-vis was elected. A. W. Billings, was elected surveyor; 
 
130 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 Dr. J. Mack coroner; P. Green, drainage commissioner. On 
 the question of locating county seat, 823 votes were cast 
 the returns showing that Forest City received 432 votes 
 and New Hamjiton 391. At this election a vote was taken on the 
 question of rescinding the votes in aid of the McGregor, St. Peter 
 and Mississippi and the Cedar Valley Branch of the Chicago, Iowa, 
 and Nebraska railroads, the opponents of railroad aid coming out 
 victorious by decided majorities. A proposed tax to the amount 
 of $1,300 to aid in the construction of a bridge across the Big 
 Cedar at Nashua was defeated. 
 
 OCTOBER 12, 1858. 
 
 C. O. Case was elected county clerk and William Tucker, drain- 
 age commissioner. The vote for secretary of state was as follows : 
 Elijah Sells, 427; Samuel Douglass, 322; total vote, 749. For 
 member of Congress, 2d congressional district, \Vllliam Vandever 
 received 477 votes and W. E. Lelhngwell, 322. 
 
 OCTOBER 11, 1859. 
 
 There Avere 730 votes cast for county judge, E. H. Dore receiv- 
 ing 397, C A. Orvis 333; W. E. Beach was elected recorder and 
 treasurer; Patrick Gilligan, sheriff; G. J. Tisdale, superintendent; 
 E. W. Davis surveyor, A. E. Bigelow, drainage conmiissioner and 
 A. J. Smith, coroner. 
 
 NOVEMBER, 1860. 
 
 C. 0. Case was elected clerk of district court, receiving the entire 
 vote, 854. The following gentlemen were elected members of the 
 first board of county supervisors: C. D. Johnson, F. D. Bosworth, 
 Vinal Thayer, E. Perry, E. W. Davis, Gideon Gardner, E. Darst, 
 William Tucker, Almon Harris, .J. H. Vantassell, M. L. Palmer, 
 D. R. Kerby. 
 
 OCTOBER 8, 1861. 
 
 There were 7(K) votes east for county judge, Caleb Arnold receiv- 
 ing 483, W. C. Mitchell 217. Other county officers were elected as 
 follows: Charles Fitch, surveyor; J. A. Sawin, superintendent; 
 Buell Sherman, coroner; EdwinCudworth, drainage commissioner. 
 For representative 685 votes were polled, of Avhich J. F. Wilson 
 received 440, William Tucker 244, and one "scattering." 
 
 FEBRUARY 25, 1862. 
 
 This was a special election for state senak)r, 40th senatorial dis- 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAAA' COUKTY. 131. 
 
 trict. But 294 Yotes were cast, of which G. W. Howard received 
 223, A. G. Case thirty-eight, scattering thirty-three. 
 
 OCTOBER 14, 1862. 
 C. 0. Case Avas elected clerk of the district court and Samuel H-. 
 Young, surveyor. There were 112 votes cast by Chickasaw county 
 
 volunteers in the service in various regiments. - 
 
 OCTOBER 13, 1863. 
 For representative, 49th district, 927 votes were cast, Henry C 
 Vinton receiving 666 and Daniel Powd 261. S. G. Meriam was- 
 elected county judge his competitors being Caleb Arnold and B. E^ 
 Morton. The other ofhcers elected were, Samuel H. Young, sur- 
 veyor, F. D. Bosworth, superintendent; Buell Sherman, coroner;. 
 Edwin Cudworth, drainage commissioner. ' 
 
 NOVEMBER 8, 1864. 
 
 C. 0. Case was elected clerk of district court, receiving 772 votes, 
 the entire number cast. B. E. Morton was elected recorder. One 
 hundred and 35 votes were cast by soldiers in the field. The 
 question to appropriate funds to build county building was de- 
 cided affirmatively by a vote of 497 to 270, and it was also voted 
 to appropriate funds to build bridge at Nashua, there being 445- 
 
 votes for, to 336 votes against. 
 
 OCTOBEK, 10, 1865, 
 The total vote for representative, 49th district, was 908, as- 
 follows: G. -J. Tisdale489, D.'A. Babcock409, A. G. Case nine^ 
 W. A. Pitts 1. G. A. Hanjilton was elected county judge, his- 
 competitors l)eing ^I. C. Ayres and John Mays. John Dixon was 
 elected sheriff, J. C.Johnson superintendent, S. H. Young surveyor, 
 
 John A. Green drainage commissioner, L. H. Weller coroner. 
 
 ■ OCTOBER 9, 1866. 
 C. 0. Case was unanimously elected clerk of district court, total 
 vote 1,085; B. E. jVIorton was elected recorder, and C. INI. Webster, 
 treasurer. The proposition to devote the swamp land fund to the 
 
 erection of l)ridges and to jjuldic improvements, carried. 
 
 OCTOBEH, 1867. 
 The total vote cast for reiu-esentative, 4th district, was 1,074, of 
 
 which William Tucker received 493. His unsuccessful competi- 
 tors were G. J. Tisdale and Iv. H. AAVller. G. A. Hamilton waK 
 elected county judge, James A. Albertson, sheriff, W. ^^^ Birdsall,, 
 treasurer, J. C. Johnson superintendent, H. H. Potter surveyor,, 
 William Everingham coroner, J. H. Powers drainage commis-- 
 sioner. 
 
132 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 NOVEMBEE, 1868. 
 
 The Iowa Republican presidential electors received 995 votes; 
 Democratic presidential electors, 520; total votes, 1,515. For Sec- 
 retary of State, Ed. Wright received 1,023 votes; David Hammer, 
 492. William B. Allison received 960 votes for congress (3d con- 
 gressional district); W^illiam Mills 529, and L. A. Thomas 4. 
 "For the tax," 725; "against the tax," 619." Zelotes Bailey was 
 elected clerk of district court and B. E. Morton county recorder. 
 
 OCTOBER, 1869. 
 Reijresentative, 57th district, total vote, 1,268; G. W. Butterfield 
 506, D. B. Hanan 441, William Tucker 311, one "scattering." The 
 "stock act" was carried. W. W. Birdsall was elected county treas- 
 urer, G. A. Hamilton auditor, E. W. Beach sheriff, H. H. Potter 
 surveyor, W. P. Bennett su-perintendent, Dr. Amos Babcock, 
 coroner. 
 
 OCTOBER, 1870. 
 
 At this election 1,480 votes were polled, of which W. G. Don- 
 nan received 967, and J. T. Stoneman 517, for congress ; C. C. 
 Cole, William E. Miller and James F. Day received majorities for 
 judges of the supreme court; Ed. Wright received 988 for secretary 
 of state, and county officers were elected as follows: C. A. Harris 
 recorder, Joseph F. Grawe superintendent. Zelotes Bailey was 
 elected clerk of district and circuit court. The proposition to es- 
 tablish a high school at Bradford was voted down. 
 
 OCTOBER 16, 1871. 
 For governor C. C. Carpenter received 1,001, and J. C. Knapp 
 694; for representative, 57th district, 1,677 votes were cast, of 
 which D. B. Hanan received 889, his competitor being G. W. 
 Butterfield. John Foley was elected treasurer, G. A. Hamilton 
 auditor, R. O. Sheldon sheriff, C. Seeber Surveyor, J. F. Grawe su- 
 perintendent. Dr. A. Babcock coroner, John A. Green members of 
 board of supervisors. The proposition to restrain stock from run- 
 ning at large was voted down. The proposition to levy a tax of 
 two mills to purchase a county poor farm, was decided affirmatively 
 by a vote of 1,003 to 435. 
 
 NOVEMBER 12, 1872. 
 
 Total number of votes cast 1,660. For president. Grant received 
 1,122 and Greeley 501. Z. Bailey was elected clerk of courts, C. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 133 
 
 A. Harris recorder, W. D. Stafford member of the board of super- 
 visor. 
 
 OCTOBER 14, 1873. 
 
 For representative, total vote 1,832; D. B. Hanan received 894 
 votes, F. D. Bosworth 641, William Tucker 296, and Daniel 
 Pond one. George A. Hamilton was elected auditor, John Foley 
 treasurer, R. 0. Sheldon sheriif, J. F. Grawe superintendent, W. 
 R. Geeting surveyor, Dr. I. K. Gardner coroner, E. R. Dickinson 
 and E. C. Abbott member of board of supervisors. The county 
 jail tax was defeated by a vote of 1,018 to 176. 
 
 OCTOBER 14, 1874. 
 Total vote, 1,500; J. M. Gilliland was elected clerk of the courts, 
 C. A. Harris Recorder and E. C. Abbott member of Board of Su- 
 pervisors. 
 
 OCTOBER 18, 1875. 
 
 The total vote for representative, 63d district, was 1,811; John 
 McHugh was the successful candidate. Lee Chapman was elected 
 auditor, John Foley treasurer, R. 0. Sheldon sheriff, W. D. Col- 
 lins superintendent, W. R. Geeting surveyor, I. K. Gardner coro- 
 ner, Thomas Kenyon member of board of supervisors. 
 
 NOVEMBER 7, 1876. 
 
 J. M. Gilliland was elected clerk of the courts, C. A. Harris re.- 
 corder, W. A. Eastman surveyor, E. R. Dickinson member of 
 supervisors. 
 
 OCTOBER 9, 1877. 
 
 William B. Perriii was elected representative, 63d district; total 
 vote polled, 2,471. The following county officers were elected: 
 Lee Chapman auditor, John Foley treasurer, R. 0. Sheldon, sher- 
 iff, W. D. Collins superintendent, W. A. Eastman surveyor, I. K. 
 Gardner coroner, John Houser member of the board of super- 
 visors. 
 
 OCTOBER 8, 1878. 
 
 Total vote, 2,539. J. M. Gilliland was elected clerk of the 
 courts, C. A. Harris recorder, George W. Cotant surveyor, Thos. 
 Kenyon supervisor. 
 
 OCTOBER 14, 1879. 
 
 Total vote, 2,974. W. B. Perrin was elected representative, 
 67th district; E. P. Sheffield auditor, John A. Green treasurer, R. 
 O. Sheldon sheriff, Henry A. Simons superintendent, A. E. 
 Quaife surveyor, I. K. Gardner coroner. At this election it was 
 
134 
 
 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 voted to increase the members of the board of county supervisors 
 from three to five. 
 
 NOVEMBER 2, 1880. 
 
 Total vote, 2,758. J. M. Lynch was elected clerk of the court, 
 A. H. Wight recorder, John Hauser, Hiram Bailey and Charles 
 Cummerford supervisors. The act restraining stock from running 
 at large was voted down. 
 
 OCTOBER 11, 1881, 
 
 The total number of votes cast for representative, 67th district, 
 was 1,763, of which James F. Babcock received 1,005, and Buell 
 Sherman 758. E. P. Sheffield was elected auditor, John A. Green 
 treasurer, Horton Mandeville sheriff, J. A. l!;apham superinten- 
 dent, C. L. Gabrilson supervisor, Geo. W. Cotant surveyor, I. K, 
 Gardner coroner. 
 
 JUNE 27, 1882. 
 
 The vote on the Prohibition Amendment in Chickasaw county 
 was as follows: Total vote, 2,450; for the amendment, 1,382; against 
 the amendment 1,068 — majority in favor of the amendment, 314. 
 
 Wm^' 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 135 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 First Things ; First Settlers ; First Births ; First Sermons ; 
 First Store ; First Court ; First Marriage License ; First 
 Road ; First Tax Levy ; First Naturalization Papers ; 
 Early Treasurer's Report ; First Board of County Super- 
 visors ; First County Officers ; Records from Minutes of 
 Meetings of Board of Supervisors ; Building of Court 
 House. 
 
 While the question of who has the lionor of being the first white 
 settler within the borders of what now constitutes the county of 
 Chickasaw, lies clothed in doubt, misty tradition hath it, that 
 several parties during the year 1840, came to the Indian Reserva- 
 tion, at or near where Bradford now stands, and staid all summer, 
 breaking land, fencing, etc, (see Bradford township). Still, as 
 they did not remain permanently, they can hardly be considered 
 in the light of first settlers. Tne balance of evidence seems to 
 point to the fact that Truman Merritt, who settled near Greenwood 
 in the year 1848, is entitled to the name of being the first Avho 
 brought his family into the county with the intention of re- 
 maining. 
 
136 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 The first child born was a daughter of the above Merritt, who 
 first saw light during the year 1850. 
 
 The first male child, however, was Elmer Case, whose birth in 
 1851, near Greenwood, brought joy to his family and a prospective 
 voter to the county. 
 
 The first sermons preached were delivered in the year 1853, by a 
 Mr. Ingam, at the house of Mr. John Bird, at the village of 
 Bradford. 
 
 The first store ever opened in the county we are credibly inform- 
 ed was owned by J. A. J. Bird at Bradford and the date of its initia- 
 tion was probably 1853. 
 
 For fuller particulars of all these events, we would respectfully 
 refer our readers to the history of Bradford township,where, as that 
 being the first settled portion of the county, these matters have 
 been treated more in detail. 
 
 The first entry in the records of the county judges of Chickasaw 
 county describes the boundaries of the county, and recites the or- 
 der for organization and the appointment of John Bird "organizing 
 Sheriff'" in the election held on the 13th day of August, A. D., 
 1853. This, together with the entry recording the session of court 
 held Sept. 5th, 1853, at which no business was transacted, signed 
 by J. Lyons as county judge, and attested by S. C. Goddard aa 
 clerk, has been already quoted. 
 
 On the 5th of September, 1853, appears the first record of a 
 marriage license granted, the contracting parties being Joseph 
 Aving and Elizabeth Jarrard. 
 
 October 10, court again convened, but no business Avas trans- 
 acted. At the session held November 7th, a petition signed by 
 John Bird, Andrew Sample, E. A. Haskell and others, for a county 
 road, to be called the West Union and Bradford road, was refer- 
 red to E. A. Haskel as commissioner, to report at the next term 
 of court. 
 
 On the 31st of December, 1853, a marriage license was granted to 
 John Kerr and Loraine Philps. 
 
 On the 2d of January, 1854, Joseph Andrews was appointed se- 
 lecting agent for swamp lands. On the 10th of February, 1854, 
 S. E. Hackleton was granted license to peddle for three months, 
 and on the same date a marriage license Avas granted to C. Rowley 
 and Mary A. Tliouraman. After this date matrimonial permits 
 are of increasingly frequent occurrences. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 137 
 
 At the April term, 1854, a petition of D. A. Babcock, S. C. 
 Haynes and Joseph Andrews for a county road, to be called the 
 West Union and Greenwood road, was referred to Samuel Thompson 
 as commissioner ; road petitions and proceedings consequent there- 
 on, forming a very considerable portion of the business transacted 
 fromx and after this date. At the May term it was "ordered that 
 the West Union and Bradford road become a road sixty -six feet 
 wide, and that all roads hereafter be of the same width." 
 
 At a special term, August 28th, 1855, [From the connection of 
 this paragraph with others, it is evident that this date should be 
 1854,] it was ordered that a tax on the taxable property in this 
 county should be levied as follows : for state purposes, 3 mills ; 
 Tor county purposes, 4^ mills ; for school purposes, i mill ; and a 
 poll of 50 cents on each person liable thereto. 
 
 August 29th, 1854, "ordered that E. A. Haskell receive the ap- 
 pointment of recorder and treasurer." 
 
 Applications for county roads were especially numerous during 
 the year 1855. 
 
 At a sj^ecial term held July 23d, 1855, the following tax rates 
 were established for the current year: for state purposes, li mills; 
 for county, 6 mills; for scliools, 1^ mills; for roads, 3 mills; and a 
 poll tax of 50 cents. An order was issued for an election of county 
 officers, a vote for or against restraining hogs from running at 
 large after April 1st, 1856, and a vote for or against vacating Green- 
 wood village, the election to be held on the first Monday in Au- 
 gust; and that Brink precinct be attached to Chickasaw for elec- 
 tion purposes. 
 
 On the 20th of August the village of Greenwood was ordered 
 vacated. On the same date appear the following entries: 
 
 "Ordered that Hazzard Green be appointed to sell intoxicating 
 liquors for medicinal, sacramental and mechanical purposes only, 
 for the salary of $50 per year, to sell in the Obispo precinct only;" 
 and a similar entry with reference to J. A. J. Bird in the town of 
 Bradford. 
 
 The first entry of B. E. DePuy as county judge, is of date Octo- 
 ber 1st, 1855, and has reference to the appointment of a commis- 
 sioner to locate a road to be known as the Waucoma road. 
 
 November 5th, 1855, James Lyons qualified as a justice of the 
 peace. 
 
138 HISTORY OV CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 At the February term, 1856, a petition was presented by Osgood 
 Go wen from J. C. H. Miller and 224 others, for the selection of the 
 county seat at New Hampton, in the geographical center of the 
 county, and an order was granted for a vote to be taken at the 
 April election. 
 
 At the ■May term, 1856, W. E. Andrews, county judge ex-oflicio^ 
 "Samuel P. Elder was appointed liquor agent for the town of 
 Bradford, at an annual salary ol $100, and it was ordered that any 
 liquor agent now acting in said county, or hereafter appointed, 
 shall charge 25 per cent, profit on the cost of any intoxicating 
 liquor sold by any such agent, until otherwise ordered by the 
 court." 
 
 At the July term, 1856, it was ordered that a "road poll tax ot 
 $2 be laid on each person liable to pay county poll tax." The 
 total tax levy for 1856 was 8i mills. One mill of the tax levied 
 for road and bridge purposes, was "for building bridges too expen- 
 sive to be constructed from the ordinary road tax. 
 
 "In pursuance of the code of Iowa, and by request of the people 
 of Chickasaw county, an election was called for the 15tli day of 
 October, 1856, to vote upon the following question : '-Whether tli& 
 said county of Chickasaw will take $100,000 of the stock of the 
 McGregor, 8t. Peters ami Missouri river railroad company; said 
 road to run by the way of Bradford; and issue bonds in payment 
 therefore, bearing interest at tlie rate of ten per cent, per annum, 
 the principal sum payable in twenty years; and that a tax be levied 
 on the taxable i)roperty of said county, for the payment of interest 
 and princi}ial; said railroad company to pay the interest on said 
 bonds until said road is in operation to the west line of said county. 
 The form of the vote shall be: 'For the railroad stock,' or, 'Against 
 the railroad stock.' " 
 
 By reference to the record of elections, it will be seen that at the 
 election called for the above purpose, the question was decitkxl in 
 the affirmative, by a vote of 356 to 176; but at a subsequent elec- 
 tion, held April 5th, 1858, this vote was rescinded by a majority as 
 decisive. 
 
 The first record of naturalization is of date October 22d, 1856^ 
 when James Prior, a native of England, declared liis intention to 
 become a citizen of the United States. 
 
 At the November term, 1856, S. B. Carpenter was appointed 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNUY, 139 
 
 liquor agent for Richland and adjoining townships, at a salary of 
 $70. 
 
 The following is a copy of the settlement with the county treas- 
 urer of Ciiickasaw county, from »September 1st, 18G5, to March ISth, 
 1856: 
 
 G. W. Howard, County Treasurer, 
 
 To Chickasaw County, Dr. 
 
 To tax-list for 1855 $ 5,853 14 
 
 " 281polls 140 50 
 
 " marriage fees 10 00 
 
 " lines - 10 00 
 
 " balance for 1854 ' 183 43 
 
 Total $ G,197 07 
 
 Cr. 
 
 By delinquent tax $ 1,635 72 
 
 " county warrants paid 787 97 
 
 " road " " 212 77 
 
 " error in tax list 21 83 
 
 " payment to state treasurer 500 00 
 
 " " " school fund commissioners 486 65 
 
 a u (( a a a -i r rvr\ 
 
 Total S 3,659 94 
 
 The amount of taxable j^roperty as returned by the assessors for 
 1856, was $1,071,726. 
 
 There was j^laced in the hands of the county treasurer for collec- 
 tion, on the 1,5th day of tSeptemljcr, 1856, the sum of $9,045.74, 
 divided as foUown: Amount of tax on property, $8,841.74; amount 
 of poll tax, $204.00. 
 
 At the March term, 1857, a proclamation was issued, calling an 
 election, to be held on the 6th day of April, 1857, to vote upon the 
 question of taking $100,000 of stock of the Cedar Valley branch of 
 the Chicago, Iowa and Nebraska railroad company; said road to 
 be run on the east side of the Little Cedar river, from a point near 
 Brad'ford t(j a point at or near the village of Chickasaw; issuing 
 bonds bearing 10 per cent, interest and running twenty years 
 therefor. This proposition prevailed at the election by a vote of 
 309 to 216, but was also subsequently rescinded. 
 
140 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 At the May term, 1857, the commissioners appointed by an act 
 of the legislature to relocate the county seat of Chickasaw county, 
 reported in favor of the geographical center at New Hampton. 
 
 The total tax levy for 1857 was lis mills. A road poll of one 
 dollar was levied, in addition to a poll tax of fifty cents, for county 
 purposes. 
 
 We find under date of June 2d, 1857, that the county judge is- 
 sue two marriage licenses, one to C. W. Taylor, and one to Geo. B. 
 Holcomb, both to marry the same lady, and tradition hath it that 
 the old adage in regard to two stools was borne out in this case as 
 the lady remains unmarried to this day. 
 
 The first ni(?ntion of Nashua in the county judge's record is, 
 under date of December 15th, 1857, as follows: "Ordered that 
 $1,000 of the special property tax be expended to construct a 
 bridge across the Big Cedar at Nashua." 
 
 At Forest City, May 12th, 1858, the board of equalization reduc- 
 ed the assessment of 1857 upon real estate fifty per cent. The tax 
 levy for 1858 was 91 mills. 
 
 Frederick Padden resigned as sheriff November 3d, 1858, and 
 Charles E. Zwicks was appointed to fill the vacancy. 
 W. S. Mower was appointed deputy sherift' and E. M. Aiken was 
 appointed deputy clerk by C. O. Case. For 1859, a county 
 tax of 4 mills, and a school tax of 1 mill were levied. On the 27th 
 of October, 1859 the official bond of the county treasurer was 
 placed at $8,000. For 1860, the tax rates for county and school 
 purposes were the same as for the previous year. 
 
 The records of the board of county supervisors begin with the 
 first meeting held at New Hampton on the 7th day of January, 
 1861. The following is a list of the 
 
 FIRST BOARD OF SUPERVISORS: 
 
 C. D. Johnson, Bradford twp. E. Darst, Dayton twp. 
 F. D. Bosworth, Richland " Win. Tucker, Chickasaw twp. 
 Vinal Thayer, Dresden " Almon Harris, Deerfield " 
 E. Perry, Fredricksburg " J. H. Vantassell, Washington twp 
 E. W. Davis, tStapleton " W. L. Pahuer, Jacksonville 
 Gideon Gardner, New Hampton D. B. Kerby, Utica * " 
 
 M. L. Palmer was elected president of the board, but , resigned, 
 and William Tucker was elected in his place. The appropriate 
 committees were then appointed. On the following day rules and 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 141 
 
 regulations were adopted, and miscellaneous business proceeded 
 with. 
 
 At this term H. C. Baldwin was allowed ten cents per night for 
 sleeping in the county office until further arrangements were 
 made. The sheriff was instructed to move the safe, books, sta- 
 tionery and wood, for the use of the county officers, from the 
 school house in New Hampton to the court room, and was given 
 general charge of the few effects of the county. Blank books, to 
 cost not more than seventy -five cents per copy, were voted the 
 justices of the peace in each township, to be used as dockets. The 
 total expense of this session, including pay of the supervisors, was 
 $141.40. 
 
 On the 1st of June, 1861, the total amount of money in the 
 county treasurer's hands for disbursement, was $3,302.93. 
 
 At the June term, 1861, it was ordered that the partition of the 
 school building be removed, that the room be also used for dis- 
 trict court purposes, and that Cotant & McCullow's building be 
 rented for county offices, for one year at $60 per year. 
 
 At the same term the clerk was authorized to advertise for 
 sealed proposals for the purchase of a farm, to be used as a county 
 poor farm. At the October term, it was reported inadvisable, in 
 the then condition of the county finances, to purchase a poor 
 farm. 
 
 In the proceedings of the January term, 1862, appears the fol- 
 lowing entry: "Wam-no-cat and Mich-a-gan (Indians) presented 
 accounts for bounty on wild cats. It was moved and seconded 
 that the said accounts be allowed. The yeas and nays being call- 
 ed for, resulted nine yeas, and three nays. The members voting in 
 the negative, said they did so on account of the oath of an Indian 
 not being considered valid by our laws." 
 
 A resolution was introduced at this session, authorizing the em- 
 ployment of an attorney to represent the county in the case of 
 Chickasaw county vs. Lorenzo Bailey, in the supreme court of the 
 state, and reccoinmending J. 0. Crosby. 
 
 A. W. Billings was appointed county surveyor in place of Chas. 
 Fitch, who had left the state. The appointment of D. A. Jackson 
 to be deputy sheriff was approved. 
 
 H. C. Baldwin, dejmty recorder and treasurer, was requested 
 and authorized to sleep in the county ofHce, the records and 
 moneys of the county being deemed liable to robbery and de- 
 
142 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 Btruction, and Mr. B. was authorized to choose a person "as his 
 company nights in said office," both to receive a suitable compen- 
 sation, and accommodations to be furnished them by the county. 
 
 At the June term, 1862, citizens of Nashua asked an appropri- 
 ation of $1,000 to build a bridge across the Big Cedar, which peti- 
 tion was referred to the committee on roads and bridges. 
 
 At the September term, 1862, Eli Darst was appointed county 
 surveyor, vice E. W. Davis resigned, and Emily Stebbins was ap- 
 pointed deputy recorder and treasurer. At the October term, T. 
 N. Skinner was appointed to fill vacancy as county superintendent 
 occasioned by the removal of J. H. Sawin from the state. At this 
 term, also, C. O. Case Avas authorized to purchase a county seal; 
 and the salary of the clerk was fixed at $500 per year, deducting 
 therefrom the amount of fees received. 
 
 At the September meeting of the board, 1863, the salary of the 
 clerk was fixed at $600, exclusive of pay for assistance. 
 
 At the January term, 1864, the county treasurer's bond was 
 fixed at $16,000. A petition from Nashua for $3,000 to build a 
 bridge across the Big Cedar at that point, was denied, on the ground 
 that the law prescribed the course to be pursued in such cases. 
 
 As an indication of the mighty onward march of progressive 
 civilization, it may be mentioned that the board at this term au- 
 thorized the clerk to purchase two kerosene lamps, one for the 
 clerk's and the other for the treasurer's office. 
 
 At the June meeting, 1864, Mary Case was appointed deputy 
 
 clerk. 
 J. H. Powers, for many citizens of the county, asked that, at the 
 
 next regular election, the question of a sufficient appropriation 
 from funds accruing out of the school lands to construct a bridge 
 across the Big Cedar at Nashua, be submitted to the voters, and 
 also asked that action be taken in the matter of providing a suita- 
 ble county building, the latter of which requests is treated of in 
 detail elsewhere in this book. The board arranged for ascertain- 
 ing the amount necessary to construct a suitable bridge at Nashua, 
 preparatory to submitting the matter to the voters. 
 
 The following bounties were fixed for scalps of wild animals; 
 gray gophers, three cents; pocket gophers, five cents; wild cats, $3; 
 prairie wolves, $5; timber wolves, $5. 
 
 At the September meeting, 1864, it was decided to submit to the 
 voters, at the November election, the question of appropriating 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 143 
 
 $4,000 out of the swamp land fund, to construct a bridge over the 
 Big Cedar, at Nashua. 
 
 The tidal wave of progress still sweeps onward, over the bosom 
 of the mighty west, and the sheriff is authorized to "procure a 
 stove-pipe and fit a room for holding court." 
 
 At the meeting of the board of supervisors in June, 1865, the 
 clerk was authorized to draw a warrant for fifty cents to pay for 
 recording the deed given for the land donated by G. Gardner for 
 the site of a court house, also a resolution was passed, apjDointing 
 Messrs.^ Palmer of Jacksonville, Haslam of Dayton, and Wood- 
 bridge of Bradford, a committee to enter into a contract on the part 
 of the county, with some party or parties to build a court house. 
 
 The above contract was immediately placed before the board and 
 bears date of June 6, 1865, and recites that the said court house 
 was to be completed by November 25, 1865, and the terms of pay- 
 ment, according to the contract, were to be $840 cash down, $500 
 when the frame was raised, $500 when enclosed and finally eleven 
 hundred and forty dollars when the building was completed and 
 accepted by the county. The three last sums to be paid out of the 
 funds known as the swamp land fund. J. H. Powers was the con- 
 tractor, who filed his bond for the faithful performance of said 
 contract, June 7th of the same year. 
 
 The tax assessments for the year are set as follows: state tax, 2 
 mills; county, 4 mills; school, 1 mill; bridge, j mill, and volunteer 
 fund, 6 mills. 
 
 A resolution was'passed by the board of supervisors at the Sep- 
 tember meeting, 1865, whereby W. B. Grant, W. Tucker and N. F. 
 Lighthall were appointed a committee to oversee and take charge 
 of the building of a bridge across the Cedar at Nashua, the erection 
 of which was at that time being canvassed. 
 
 In October, 1865, a resolution was brought before the board, and 
 by them passed, appointing to the office of county judge, G. A. 
 Hamilton, to fill the vacanc^'^^occasioned by the removal from the 
 county of S. G. Merriam. 
 
 In January, 1866, at a regular session of the board of supervis- 
 ors, W. E. Beach, E. D. Woodbridge and E. K. Morrill were ap- 
 pointed a committee to ascertain the present .and prospective in- 
 debtedness of the county, and devise some honorable means to re- 
 store the warrants of said county to par ancl preserve the credit 
 thereof. 
 
l44 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 At this meeting, the committee appointed at the September 
 term, 1865, to oversee the building of the Nashua bridge, reported 
 that the amount appropriated for that purpose would not be 
 enough by two thousand dollars, and asked the appropriation of 
 that sum, but after much discussion the matter was laid over un- 
 til more prosperous times would allow it. 
 
 The indebtedness of the county as reported to the board, Jan, 
 1866, was as follows: 
 
 Outstanding unpaid warrants $ 8,510 98 
 
 Account of volunteers presented this session 13,315 51 
 
 Ordinary accounts '. 991 12 
 
 Probable additions.-. '. 100 00 
 
 Total indebtedness $22,917 61 
 
 Again at the meeting of the board of supervisors in June, 1866, 
 the matter of the bridge at Nashua comes to the front and E. D. 
 Woodbridgc, Michael Cagley^ and H. Case were appointed a com- 
 mittee to let the contract to build it if possible, and adding the 
 sum of five hundred dollars to the four thousand dollars already 
 appropriated for tliat purpose and to be helped by a private sub- 
 scription of fifteen hundred dollars, the said bridge to be finished 
 by March 1, 1867. 
 
 The tax rate fixed by the board for 1866, was as follows: state 
 tax, 2 J mills; county tax, 4 mills; with a poll tax of fifty cents; 
 school, 1 mill; bridge, 3 mills, and volunteer fund, 10 mills. 
 
 According to a report made b}'' the assessors of the several town-- 
 ships, to the board, the total valuation of the county for the year 
 1867 was $1,177,959.00. 
 
 At the June session, 1867, we find a report signed by A. G. 
 Case, S. F. Eastman and E. H. Hall as commissioners, that they 
 had let the contract for building the bridge over the Big Cedar at 
 Nashua, to A. Spaulding, and that he had complied with the terms 
 of the contract, and that the bridge was finished or so nearly so as 
 to warrant them in pronouncing the contract complete. 
 
 At the meeting of the board, September, 1868, a resolution was 
 adopted, wherein it is recited that as "Chickasaw county was in 
 debt over seven thousand dollars, in the county fund, its warrants 
 were depreciated to a ruinous rate, and as it is best to pay as 
 promptly as possible to restore credit. Resolved, That a special 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 145 
 
 levy of tax be made, of 2 mills on the dollar, to be levied from, 
 year to year until such debt be wiped out," which measure was to 
 be submitted to a vote of the people at the regular election in No- 
 vember, 1868, said tax to be levied for 1869, and subsequently at 
 the election above mentioned, the people of the county endorsed 
 the action of the board and the tax was levied. 
 
 At the June meeting, 1869; a petition was presented, asking that 
 the board take some steps toward building a jail, but on its being 
 referred to a committee it was returned with the report, that in. 
 their opinion there was no necessity for one, and this action 
 seems to have been final, for the county, although owning very 
 fine buildings, still does not possess a jail, but send its prisoners 
 to Decorah for safe keeping. 
 
 At the June term, 1872, the board consummated the buying of 
 the farm now used as the poor farm, together with all the improve- 
 ments, and offered to receive bids for the erectiop of suitable build- 
 ings. 
 
 They also contracted with Mosler, Bahrman & Co., of Chicago, 
 111, for two large safes for county records, at a cost of $2,450. 
 
 At a special session of the board held October 7th, 1872, the con- 
 tract was let to A. W. Utter of New Hampton to erect the house on 
 the poor farm at an expense of $1,360.80 
 
 The following report shows the condition of the revenue in said 
 county from Jan. 1st to June 2d, 1873. 
 
 STATE FUND. 
 
 Cash in treasury $ 266 37" 
 
 Total collections 3,706 16 
 
 Total 3,972 53- 
 
 Disbursement 2,914 82 
 
 Balance in treasury 1,057 71 
 
 COUNTY FUND. 
 
 Cash in treasury 173 21 
 
 Total collections 9,502 5& 
 
 Total 9,675 79 
 
 Disbursements 9,675 79 
 
146 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 WAREANTS. 
 
 Amount of outstanding warrants, last report 2,708 05 
 
 " " warrants issued since " " 6,769 09 
 
 Treasurer's salary 1,388 65 
 
 Total 9,865 79 
 
 Amount warrants reduced since last report... 9,673 98 
 
 Amount of outstanding warrants 191 81 
 
 BOND FUND. 
 
 Cash in treasury. January report 419 93 
 
 Total collections .' 1,487 72 
 
 Total 1,907 65 
 
 Disbursements 1 ,642 64 
 
 Balance in treasur}^ 265 01 
 
 SCHOOL FUND. 
 
 Cash in treasury, January 798 81 
 
 Total collections 1,593 38 
 
 Total .'..... 2,392 19 
 
 Disbursements 939 10 
 
 Balance in treasury 1,453 09 
 
 ROAD FUND. 
 
 Cash in treasury 295 41 
 
 Total collections 2,555 94 
 
 Total , 2,851 35 
 
 Disbursements 1,587 13 
 
 Balance in treasury 264 22 
 
 SCHOOL HOUSE FUND. 
 
 Cash on hand, January 1,193 35 
 
 Total collections 6,727 43 
 
 Total 7,920 78 
 
 Disbursements 6,203 58 
 
 Balance in treasury 1,717 20 
 
 V 
 
history of chickasaw county. 147 
 
 teacher's fund. 
 
 Cash on hand, January 2,870 37 
 
 Total collections 10,819 85 
 
 Total 13,690 22 
 
 Disbursement 11,243,63 
 
 ..ciii 
 
 On hand 2,446 59 .^,, 
 
 contingent fund. 
 
 Cash on hand, January 1,140 26 
 
 Total collections 4,586 70 
 
 Total 5,726 96 
 
 Disbursements 4,713 53 
 
 Balance in treasury 1,013 43 
 
 bridge fund. 
 
 Cash in treasury, January 765 40 
 
 Total collections 2,374 80 
 
 Total 3,140 20 
 
 Disbursements 1.092 15 
 
 ■■t 
 
 Balance in treasury 2,048 05 .;^ 
 
 insane fund. 
 
 Cash on hand, January 178 42 
 
 Total collections 668 69 
 
 Total 847 11 
 
 Disbursements 829 12 
 
 Balance in treasury 17 99 
 
 poor farm fund. 
 
 Cash in treasury, January 160 15 
 
 Total collections 1,823 95 
 
 Total 2,984 10 
 
 Disbursements 2,115 51 '^ 
 
 xa 
 
 Balance in treasury 868 59 
 
148 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 interest" ON PERM AN ANT SCHOOL FUND. 
 
 Cash on hand, January 912 35 
 
 Total collections 1,592 01 
 
 Total 2,504 36 
 
 Disbursements 882 43 
 
 Balance in treasury 1,621 93 
 
 PERMANENT SCHOOL FUND. 
 
 Cash on hand, January 47 00 
 
 Total collections 1,478 68 
 
 Total 1,525 68 
 
 Amount loaned 1,175 68 
 
 Balance in treasury 350 00 
 
 RAILROAD TAXES. 
 
 1868 on hand 20 85 
 
 1870 '' " 126 86 
 
 1872 " " 74 20 
 
 Total collections 113 40 
 
 Total. 336 61 
 
 Total disbursements 117 41 
 
 Balance in treasury 117 90 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 149 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 County Seat Contest; The First Contest; "Battle of Bailey's 
 
 Lane;" The Conflict of 1880. 
 
 "Commissioners' report. Filed in the office of the clerk of the 
 district court, August 14th, A. D. 1854. J. A. J. Bird, clerk. 
 
 "To the Hon. County Judge of Chickasaw county, Iowa: 
 
 "The undersigned commissioners appointed by the judge of the 
 second judical district for the state of Iowa, to locate and establish 
 the county seat of said county of Chickasaw, respectfully report 
 that, having had the same under the due consideration, they have 
 selected the town of Bradford in the county and state aforesaid, 
 as the point at which said county seat is hereby located and estab- 
 lished. 
 
 "Given under our hands at Bradford in the county of Chickasaw 
 
 and state of Iowa this fourteenth day of August, A. D. 1854. 
 
 ,,r, ■ ■ \ Wm. McClintock, 
 
 "Commissioners j j^^^ ^ Onstine." 
 
 At the February term of the county court, 1856, a petition of 
 J. C. H. Miller and two hundred and twenty-four others was pre- 
 sented, praying "that at the next April election to be holden there- 
 after in said county, a vote shall be taken between Bradford, 
 
HL^TOLY or CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 the existing county seat of said county and New Hampton, for the 
 county seat." 
 
 The prayer of the petitioners was granted, and in accordance 
 therewith an election was held, and at the canvassing of the votes, 
 the vote of Washington township was rejected, and the board of 
 canvassers declared that "Bradford received 203 votes and New 
 Hampton received 203 votes." On the 6th day of June, 1856, an 
 information was filed by Osgood Gowen in the office of the clerk 
 of the district court, asking for a writ of mandamus, and in accord- 
 ance with the prayer a writ was issued against the board of county 
 canvassers on the same day. On the day following, two of the 
 members of the board, W. E. Andrews, ex-officio county judge, 
 and John Bird, justice of the peace, filed the following response, 
 which is given in full, as it contains nearly a full history of the 
 case, and is moreover, a unique specimen of that legal explicit- 
 ness which is supposed to be attained only through a multiplicity 
 of technical verbage: 
 
 "THE STATE OF IOWA, 1 In the District Court of said county." 
 "Chickasaw County. j To June term thereof, A. D. 1856." 
 
 "In the matter of the information of Osgood Gowen for man- 
 damus against the board of canvassers of Chickasaw county afore- 
 said, in the matter of an election between Bradford and New 
 Hampton, for the establishment of the county seat of said county. 
 
 "And the said W. E. Andrews and John Bird, canvassers of 
 election in said information, mentioned, come, and answering, say 
 that they admit that at the February term of the county court, of 
 aid county of Chickasaw, A. D. 1856, a petition was presented to 
 said county court, by J. C. H. Miller and two hundred and twenty- 
 four citizens, as alleged in said information, upon which said peti- 
 tion an order was made by said county court that the question of 
 a relocation of said county seat of Chickasaw county be submitted 
 to a vote of the legal voters of said county in the year A. D. 1856; 
 and that, in pursuance of said order submitting the question of a 
 relocation of said count}^ seat to a vote of the legal voters of said 
 county at the April election A. D. 1856, said question was sub- 
 mitted and voted on at the said election. And your respondents, 
 further answering, say severally and respectively, that in the re- 
 turns of said election and according to the same, it did appear that 
 the town of New Hampton had received the number of two hun- 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 151 
 
 dred and thirteen votes for the county seat of said county, "and that 
 the town of Bradfoi'd received two hundred and six votes for 
 the county seat of said county as appeared on the face of the 
 papers purporting to be said returns of the said election. And your 
 respondents aver, and so they answer, that all the returns so made 
 to the count}' judge of the county of Chickasaw, embracing to-wit: 
 all the returns from the several townships and precincts of said 
 county of Chiclcasaw at the election so held in and for said county, 
 were then and there, to-wit: at Bradford in said county, duly ex- 
 amined and canvassed as the law directs, by said board of can- 
 vassers; and that after such canvass and examination as aforesaid 
 it was found that the said election returns at the election held as 
 aforesaid for the purpose aforesaid, were duly and properly made 
 in compliance with law, with the exception of the township of 
 Washington in said county ; and after duly examining and can- 
 vassing the returns of said election so held as aforesaid, for the 
 purpose aforesaid for all the townships and precincts in said 
 county, it was found that returns of the votes for the said town- 
 ship of Washington were insufficient, irregular and of no effect, 
 and uttcrl}' null and void in law. And so said respondents, 
 answering as aforesaid, aver that said votes of the town of Wash- 
 ington, given at said election, having been found and decided by 
 the said board of canvassers, after due examination and canvass, 
 to be insufficient, irregular and of no effect, and utterly null and 
 void, were then and there, to-wit: at Bradford, aforesaid 
 within the time required by law, duly canvassed and exam- 
 ined by said board of canvassers, and were then and 
 there within the time aforesaid duly and legally rejected by said 
 boar(^ of canvassers, after a legal canvass of the said votes and 
 returns, then and there held for insufficiency, irregularity and 
 nullity, and for no other reason. 
 
 "And your respondents, further answering, say that after said 
 returns of all the said townships and precincts of the said county 
 of Chickasaw, were so canvassed as aforesaid, and the returns of 
 the votes of the said township of Washington were so rejected as 
 aforesaid, the state of the canvass was as follows, to-wit: 
 
 < Bradford received two-hundred and three votes, and New H amp- 
 tqnreceived two hundred and three votes; and of the votes so rejected 
 after said canvass as aforesaid by the canvassers aforesaid, ten 
 
152 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 votes were cast for New Hampton and three votes for Bradford; 
 and that your respondents there made out and signed a statement 
 of the canvass aforesaid, specifying the said number of votes so 
 cast for the respective places aforesaid, which remains of record in 
 in the office of the county judge of said county, by reference to 
 which will more fully appear. 
 
 "And your respondents, further answering, deny that they have 
 done aught in the premises aforesaid; they have acted fairly, hon- 
 estly and in good faith, and as they believed, and still believe, in 
 strict accordance with law and their duty as canvassers as afore- 
 said. And your respondents, having fully answered herein, beg to 
 be discharged. 
 
 "W. E. Andrews, 
 "John Bird." 
 It was claimed by the relator, that the board of canvassers hav- 
 ing decided the returns from Washington township irregular, were 
 in duty bound to return them to the township officers for correc- 
 tion, and to stay the canvassing until the returns were completed 
 as corrected. The cause was never prosecuted to a final result. A 
 change of venue was applied for, and the case fell between the 
 courts as it was claimed that the proper fees were not paid for the 
 transcript, and the county seat remained at Bradford under the 
 decision of the board of canvassers. 
 
 On the 5th day of April, 1858, another vote was taken upon the 
 county seat question, and, according to reputable authority "the 
 board of canvassers, by excluding the returns of Washington town- 
 ship for informality, and counting ten less than were actually cast 
 in the township of Deerfield, decided that Forest City had received 
 a legal majority." 
 
 The same authority continues: "The vote of Washington town- 
 ship was excluded on the ground that the poll list was wanting, 
 and the ten from Deerfield on account of the returns not showing 
 the full amount, they having been changed from fifty-three to 
 forty -three in favor of New Hampton. Immediately on the result 
 of this canvass being known the county judge adjourned court to 
 meet at Forest City at 2 o'clock p. m. 
 
 "Within a few minutes the books, papers and furniture of the 
 office were in transit for Forest City, as teams were in readiness, 
 and a long string of oxen attached to a wooden "drag" for the pur- 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 153 
 
 pose of moving the safe. During this time, and while all was 
 activity in the removal of the county offices, a meeting of citizens 
 claiming that their rights had been invaded, was being held in an 
 adjoining building, to take into consideration the course to be 
 pursued. 
 
 "This meeting was addressed by some who were in a perfect frenzy 
 of excitement, and who were in favor of taking possession of the 
 office and retaining it where it of right belonged. Others more dis- 
 creet counseled milder measures; the cooler ones finally triumphed, 
 and a committee was appointed to commence legal proceedings to 
 reclaim rights that were claimed to have been taken from them by 
 those in power. In accordance with instructions, a suit was com- 
 menced at the next term of the district court, and on the 3d day 
 of June, 1858, an information was filed in the clerk's office, asking 
 for a w:it of mandamus compelling the board of canvassers to 
 count the votes that had been cast, including those of Washington 
 and the ten in Deerfield. A special term of the distiict court was 
 called to meet in August to hear the case at the August term on 
 alternative writ, and after hearing, a peremptory writ was issued 
 as prayed, and respondents appealed. 
 
 "At the same time of filing the information for a writ of man- 
 damus, an information was filed asking for a writ of certiorari. 
 At the special sesion of the district court these papers were lost, 
 and leave was granted to file new ones at the next term of the 
 court. 
 
 "The mandamus case was reversed in the supreme court as be- 
 ing an improper remedy, and in the opinion it was intimated that 
 the proper remedy was an injunction. On the 12th day of April, 
 1859, an application was made to the district judge for an injunc- 
 tion restraining the county officers from holding their offices at 
 any other place than at New Hampton. 
 
 "The writ was granted, final hearing to be had at the next 
 term of district court. At the spring term of the court the 
 injunction and the certiorari cases both camse up for hearing, and 
 were decided in favor of New Hampton, whereupon the records 
 and county offices were again returned to New Hampton. 
 
 "This episode in the history of the county," continues our in- 
 ;formant, "was marked with many interesting scenes, such as civil 
 and criminal prosecutions, indictments, informations, etc., in 
 
154 HISTOEY OF CHICKASAW COUKTY. 
 
 which some of our prominent citizens found themselves under 
 bonds to appear at the term of the district court, or in durance 
 vile. At one time an attempt was made to resist a warrant, and 
 subsequently a Avrit of habeas corpus, and a large number on either 
 side came in collision in the lane in front of Judge liOrenzo 
 Bailey's and a general fight ensued, in which both parties were 
 considerably damaged. This encounter has been humorously 
 termed the "l^attle of Bailey's Lane." 
 
 "The curtain has fallen, the scene has closed, and many of those 
 who were then the bitterest of foes are now th*e warmest of 
 friends." 
 
 The election of April 7th, 1856, in addition to the county seat- 
 struggle, developed a contest over the election of officers that for a 
 time seriously threatened the peace of the inhabitants and engen- 
 dered bitter personal quarrels- that were slow to subside. An ac- 
 count masnly taken from the records, is here in order: 
 
 As before slated, the difficulty occurred in consequence of in- 
 formality in the returns from the townshij) of Washington. The 
 original order for the organization of Washington precinct is as 
 follows : 
 
 "COUNTY OFFICE,! 
 •'Chickasaw County, j 
 
 Mr. Thomas Steveks — Sir: You will take notice that the county 
 judge of this county has formed a precinct to be known as the 
 precinct of Washington, out of the following described territory 
 viz: township *.)G, north of range 13 west, and the south half of 97 
 north of range 18 west; and you are hereby authorized and ap- 
 pointed a special constable to organize the same, by posting up 
 notices in three of the most public places in said township, that 
 the first election in said precinct will be held on Monday, the 7th 
 day of April 1856, at the house of S. W. Byers, for the election of 
 the following officers and the transaction of other business named 
 in the warrant: 
 
 : "Officers, county : One county judge, to fill vacancy; one clerk 
 of district court: one county surveyor, one school fund commis- 
 sioner, full term. 
 
 "Also that a vote shall be taken on the relocation of the county 
 seat of this county, between the present site, Bnidford, and New 
 Ham]jton, or the geographical center of Chickasaw county. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNUY. 155 
 
 "Officers, township: Three township trustees; one toAvnship 
 clerk; two justices of the peace; two constables; one assessor; one 
 •one superintendent of roads. 
 
 "Notice should be given at least fifteen days previous to the 
 day of the election, and the electors must elect by ballot or other- 
 wise a chairman, and proceed to elect three persons, having the 
 ■ qualification of voters as judges of the election, who shall appoint 
 two clerks; and both judges and clerks must be sworn by you to 
 faithfully discliarge the duties of their respective offices. 
 
 "Given under my hand and seal this 14th day of March, A. D. 
 1856. • B. E. De Puy, 
 
 County Judge." 
 
 At the contest of the election, Osgood Gowen filed the following 
 istatement: 
 
 "That the county canvassers declared Lorenzo Bailey elected 
 to the office of judge, George W. Reed elected to the office of dis- 
 trict clerk, and William F. Wright elected to the office of school 
 fund commissioner; and that there was a tie vote as between John 
 A. Billings and C. M. Webster for office of county surveyor; 
 whereas, in fact, J. C. H. INIiller was duly elected to the office of 
 county judge; Thomas A. Jacobs was duly elected to the office of 
 district clerk; William Tucker was duly elected to the office of 
 school fund commissioner, and C. M. Webster was duly elected 
 to the office of county surveyor, each, having received a majority 
 of the legal votes cast in said county at said election for his said 
 office." 
 
 Among other things as causes of contest, the following were set 
 forth : 
 
 "1st. That the judges of election of Washington precinct in said 
 county, neglected to sign the returns sent up to the judge, and 
 left the same otherwise informal; by reason of which informality 
 and neglect, the county canvassers, or a majority of them, cast out 
 the entire returns and vote of said Washington precinct, in which 
 precinct there were fourteen votes polled, and all for the said J. C. 
 H. Miller for county judge; and all for Thomas A. Jacobs for dis- 
 trict clerk; and also twelve votes were given to William Tucker 
 for school fund commissioner; and all to C. M. Webster for county 
 surveyor." 
 
156 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. ' 
 
 And then he charges the canvassing board with error in not 
 counting the vote of Washington township. 
 
 The contesting board consisted of W. E. Andrews, prosecuting 
 attorney and ex-officio county judge, and a resident of Bradford; 
 George W. Howard, selected on the part of tlie incumbents in 
 ollice, at that time treasurer and recorder, and a resident of Brad- 
 ford; and Henry H. Shafer selected by the contestant, Osgood 
 Gowen, and a resident of Obispo township, now Jacksonville. 
 The contesting board decided adversely to the contestant, and af- 
 firmed the decision of the board of canvassers. No further 
 legal proceedings appear of record, and the incumbents held under 
 
 the election. 
 
 "The public mind was in a high state of excitement, and local 
 
 party feeling ran high. A public meeting was called to meet at 
 the Brink House — a well known hotel on the banks of the East 
 Wapsi, about one and one-half-miles northeast of New Hampton — 
 the objects and i)roceedings of which will be more fully under- 
 stood by a personal of the following gem of the past." 
 
 INDIGNATION MEETING. 
 
 Pursuant to notice, the citizens of central, western and the' 
 northern parts of Chickasaw county, assembled at the Brink 
 house, on Wednesday, April 23d, 1856, and organized by calling 
 the Hon. J. C. H. Miller to the chair, and electing E. R. Gillett, 
 Esq., secretary. 
 
 The chairman stated the object of the meeting in a few words. 
 "It seems, he said, "that we are called together again to deliberate 
 upon the ways and means, whereby the people — the majority of 
 the people — claiming to be republicans, shall be heard, and the 
 'elective franchise' vindicated." On motoin, a report (minority), 
 from G. R. Rowley, one of the county board of canvassers, was 
 read, and ordered to be printed in the Dubuque Tribune. On 
 motion, a committee of three were appointed to procure counsel. 
 Osgood Gowen, T. A. Jacobs and David Edwards were appointed 
 said committee. Mr. Cutler inroduced the following resolution, 
 which was unanimously adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting, and the report of 
 Mr. Rowley (together with 200 circulars struck off,) be published 
 in the Dubuque Tribune. 
 
 On motion, the meeting adjourned sine die, 
 E. R. Gillett, Secretary. J. C. H. Miller, Chairman. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 157 
 
 A MINORITY REPORT P 
 
 To THE Electors of Chickasaw County, Iowa, — As one of 
 the canvassers of the election held in ChickasaAV Co. on April 7th, 
 deem it my duty injustice to you; to inform you of the number 
 of votes cast at that time for the different county officers, and also 
 for the county seat. They were as follows : 
 
 Whole number of votes cast for county judge was 426 
 
 Mr. Miller received of these votes 215 
 
 Mr. Bailey received of these votes 210 
 
 Leaving a majority in Miller's favor of 5 
 
 Whole number of votes cast for county clerk was 423 
 
 Mr. Jacobs recived of these votes., 216 
 
 Mr. Reed received of these votes 207 
 
 Leaving a majority in Mr. Jacob's favor of 9 
 
 Whole number of votes cast for county surveyor was. .423 
 
 Mr. Webster received of these votes 196 
 
 Mr. Billings received of these votes 183 
 
 Leaving a majority in Mr. Webster's favor of 13 
 
 Whole number of votes cast for school fund commis- 
 sioner was 412 
 
 Mr. Tucker received of these votes 219 
 
 Mr. Wriiiht received of these votes 206 
 
 "j^^ 
 
 Leaving a majority in Mr. Tucker's favor of 6 
 
 [Note. — It is evident that there is an error in the figures as to 
 the above office, probably a blunder of the printer's. — Ed.] 
 
 Whole number of votes cast for county seat, was 420 
 
 New Hampton, or geograpliical center, received of 
 
 these votes 213 
 
 Bradford received of these votes 206 
 
 Leaving New Hampton, or center, a majority of.. 7 
 
 The Hon. W. E. Andrews, then acting as county judge, John 
 Bird, Esq, and myself, constituted the board. We diflered on the 
 
158 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 validity of the returns from North Washingington precinct. [The 
 reason assigned by the canvassers for tlirowing out Washington 
 precinct, was this : all the board of election in that j)recinct did 
 
 not sign the returns, and lience this ousting business. . Washing- 
 ton is a new precinct, having only organized at the last election, 
 and they had not the code to guide them.] But there being two to 
 one, they overruled me, and threw out those returns, even after 
 having had them down on the clerk's tally list, which, if not de- 
 stroyed, can yet be seen in the office; they were crossed off, and 
 the remaining precincts counted, which changed the result of the 
 election. If, fellow citizens, this^was the first time that Bradford 
 and its hirelings had polluted the sanctity of the ballot box we, 
 might overlook it. It is no longer ago than last August, that we 
 elected this same J. C. H. Miller as our county judge by over 
 fifty majority. Then the Hon. Judge Lyons and E. A. Haskell, 
 Esq., perverted the will of the majority of the votes of this county 
 by throwing out a precinct with over sixty votes to obtain their 
 ends without any just cause, as I verily believe, and so the court 
 decided, before whom the Hon. Judge was taken, and it saw fit to 
 bind him over to answer for fraud and corruption in changing the 
 result of the election.* 
 
 But what do we see now? The same prosecuting attornay, who 
 took such an active part against the Hon. Judge Lyons, and had 
 him bound over; now he is called upon to act as judge and can- 
 vasser. How much does he lack of perverting the will of the peo- 
 ple? Has he not also taken advantage of ignorance or oversight, 
 and changed tne result of the election, when it was in his power 
 to have avoided it? "O consietency thou art a jewel." 
 
 Fellow citizens, the day of our freedom and independence, has 
 gone by in this far-famed county of Chickasaw; the will of the 
 majority has to succomb to a meagre minorit5^ The democratic 
 will, "the greatest good to the greatest number," is perverted, and 
 its glorious ])recepts trampled on with impunity. Again, the 
 American princii)les, "the majority shall rule," is cast aside, and a 
 new plank is instituted, thus : "The minority shall rule hi Chickasaw 
 Co. henceforth and forever." Fellow citizens, was ever so })alpable 
 gross a fraud perpetrated, as this ? Were ever inconsistenciciS so 
 glaring, as those of our Bradford neighbors ? We may boast 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 159 
 
 of our love of lil)erty, and expatiate with owlish gravit}^ upon the 
 wrongs of Kansas; but I Avill tell you, the home ruffians in this 
 county tower in brutal atrocity and unmitigated villainy above 
 the Kansas-Missouri brigands. We may talk of going to Kansas 
 to defend the ballot box from a Missouri mob; but we know little 
 of our duty when we thus talk and act; we little think the same 
 thing is transpiring in our very midst; the ballot box is wrested 
 from us, — -the palladium of our liberties asj^aulted — the voice of 
 the majority slighted — the rights of the people taken away ! 
 
 Fellow citizens, how long shall we be slaves to the minority in 
 this land of liberty, in this "land of the free and home of the 
 brave ?" If our voice is not to be heard and heeded at the ballot 
 box, what security have we for our lives and our property? Are 
 they not in jeopardy ? Are they not in the hands of those that 
 could barter them away for a "mess of pottage?" What! The 
 minorty to rule ? If the minority continue to rule, how 
 long before we are burdened with taxes. How long before 
 we are called upon to build county buildings in Bradford? 
 The minority rules, and we must submit ! Shall we let this 
 wrong pass unnoticed and unrebuked? Is there any assurance 
 that there will not be a repetition of the same offence next 
 yep.r? and tlie next? and so on, for a series of years? In the 
 language of Patrick Henry, "shall we gain strength by inaction 
 and irresolution ? shall we lay supinely on our backs, and hug the 
 delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies shall have bound us 
 hand and foot?" Answer these questions, fellow citizens, upon 
 the altars of your hearts. Answer them with an eye single to the 
 welfare, happiness and prosperity of this beautiful county. 
 
 As 3';our canvasser, fellow citizens, I have laid the subject before 
 you for your consideration. Hoping that you will take notice of 
 such facts as I have submitted to you, I am, respectfully, your 
 humble servant. G. R. Rowley, 
 
 "The seed thus sown," continues our chronicler, "was destined 
 to become prolific of bitter personal, partisan and local feeling, 
 arousing the strongest jealousy and bitterest animosity. 
 The first and leading question, on the advent of a settler, was, 'is 
 he a northern or southern man?' Now that the mantle of peace 
 has fallen upon the county, we can but look back and suppress a 
 emile at these intestine wars and rumors of wars, that so absorbed 
 
160 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 public interest, and, in passing, express no opinion as to the jus- 
 tice of either party, for a majority of the actors are still upon the 
 stage of life." 
 
 Years have passed since the above was first written, and the 
 solacing hand of time has further smoothed the wrinkles in the 
 front of war, until the asperities of conflict have been softened into 
 heahng retrospect and quiet, kindly amusement; but it is not for 
 the editor of this work to pry into the motives of men, or take 
 sides in a cause that is dead. Sufficient it is to know, that these 
 conflicts form part of the history of the county, and without men- 
 tion of them, the history would be essentially incomplete. 
 
 With reference to the exciting county seat fight of 1858, a few 
 additional facts may be stated by way of completing this record of 
 early struggles for political supremacy. The more essential facts 
 have already been given. The records in the auditor's office, hve 
 peculiarly silent concerning this interesting era. An entry in the 
 county judge's book under date of March 2d, 1858, states that "a 
 petition of Hiram Bailey and 398 others, for a vote on the reloca- 
 tion of the county seat at a place known as Forest City, situated 
 on sections 12 and 13, township 94, range 10, "was granted by 
 Lorenzo Bailey, county judge. Another entry states that the 
 election was "canvassed April 12th, 1858, and Forest City was 
 found to have a majority for the county seat." "I hereby de- 
 clare Forest City to be the county seat in and for Chickasaw 
 county, Iowa. Lorenzo Bailey, County Judge," On the op 
 opsite page another entry recites the same alleged facts, and also 
 orders that the "court, adjourn to meet at Forest City at 2 o'clock 
 p. M.," and the county ofiicers are "ordered to remove their records 
 to Forest City. Signed. Lorenzo Bailey, 
 
 [Attest.] J. H. Powers, County Judge. 
 
 Deputy Clerk. 
 
 Out of this order grew the excitement and complications here- 
 tofore mentioned, which led to the scenes of disorder and the 
 celebrated "Battle of Bailey's Lane." An old and responsible 
 citizen, an eye witness to the scenes, thus briefly relates some of 
 the occurrences: 
 
 "You see," said he, to his inquisitor, "Judge Bailey lived at 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 161 
 
 Forest City, had property there, and was naturally interested in 
 
 the growth of the place. Immediately after the canvassing of the 
 
 election and the throwing out of enough votes to give a majorty 
 
 to Forest City, a posse was brought to New Hampton to remove 
 
 the records. The posse numbered about seventy -five persons who 
 
 came principally from Forest City and Bradford. The people of 
 
 New Hampton at first refused to submit to a removal of the 
 
 records, and made preparations to resist, many coming in from 
 this vicinity to fight against the removal if necessary. 
 
 "The opposing forces met over Gurley's store, where the county 
 safe and books were. The Forest City people first went up, and^ 
 were followed by the opposing faction. For a time there was the 
 wildest excitement, and it looked as if trouble was imminent. 
 But, under peaceable advice, the Forest City people were per- 
 mitted to take the records. They threw the safe out of the second 
 story window, removed the records, an ! carried the effects of the 
 county to Forest City. 
 
 "New Hampton then began to fight through the courts. A war- 
 rant was issued for the arrest of Judge Bailey, and a posse went 
 to his house and arrested him. Tliere was a good deal of ex- 
 citement and considerable delay, the judge and his family making 
 various pretexts to that end, until up came a man with what 
 purported to be Avrit of habeas corpus, and took the prisioner 
 away from his captors. This writ purported to liave been issued 
 from the ofl&ce of the clerk of the court, but it is claimed, was it 
 in reality issued by the deputy clerk. Bailey was Released, but in 
 the interval during which he was held for consultation, a general 
 fight ensued. The judge found it convenient to disappear, and 
 for a time the conflict waged warm and the fighting dangerous. 
 This was in front of the judge's house, and there were probably 
 seventy-five persons present. Several were hurt, Daniel Shook 
 perhaps the most severely. He was injured, I think, in the side,, 
 and marked in the face, which mark he will carry to his dying, 
 day." 
 
 It is unnecessary to add that the invaders came away without 
 their intended prisoner. Many of them were arrested and taken 
 to Williamstown, and thence to Nashua, where a show of prosecu- 
 
•162 HISTORY OP (CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 tion was made, but nothing resulted therefrom other than their 
 ultimate discharge. It was while going home from the scenes of 
 intestine strife that Lawyer Babcock, of Bradford, lost his horse, 
 the animal being drowned in a slough of the Wapsie. It is but fair 
 to state that the gentleman from whom the above information was 
 obtained, was a staunch supporter of New Hampton's claim. To 
 mention the "Battle of Bailey's Lane" at this day, only creates 
 a smile of retrospective amusement, although, it is easy to imag- 
 ine, the affair was sufficiently serious at the time. 
 
 COUNTY SEAT CONTEST 1880. 
 
 Almost of a necessity a county seat controversy, in its progress 
 provoked mach bitterness and wrangling,«o active and zealously does 
 partizafiship become, so prone is man to magnify or belittle facts on 
 eitlier side, that it becomes doubly hard for the historian to calmly 
 and dispassionately sum up the various evidence, and try and 
 place cleaiiy before the reader the true inwardness of the matter, 
 but we will endeavor to make as plain a statement of the facts as 
 they occurred. 
 
 The old court house, located at New Hampton, took fire and 
 burned to ashes on the evening of March 26th, 1880. The cause 
 of the fire has been ascribed to incendiarism, but this has never been 
 fully proven. However on the 31st, of the same month the New 
 Hampton Tribune in an editorial suggested that now as the old 
 land mark had gone up in flames that the county should build a 
 substantial court house that would be an honor the county. On 
 the sanie day, viz: March Slst, 1880, the following paper was cir- 
 culated and sign by good and substantial citizens of Nashua and 
 Bradford township, to-wit: 
 
 To the Honorable board of supervisors of Chickasaw county, 
 
 low : 
 
 We the undersigned residents and tax-payers of said Chickasaw 
 county, respectfully petition you that you take necessary steps to 
 build a court house, upon the court house square. New Hamp- 
 ton, as soon as the same can legally be done. Dated March 31st, 
 1880. 
 
 A. U. Lawrence, M. Stewart, Jr., 
 
 C. A. Greely, S. E. Preston, 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COIKTY. 163 
 
 A. A. Turner, J. W. Kellogg, 
 
 Amos Case, J. P. Parrish, 
 
 Jos. F. Grawe, B. A. Billings, 
 
 Wni. B. Perriii, Hazlett and Sons, 
 
 F. Hollenbeck, anci 125 others. 
 
 However many of the citizens of Nashua and vicinity retro- 
 graded from the above peition on the question on the agitation of 
 many people in the balance of the county, who suggested the loca- 
 tion of the county seat at Nashua, and the building of the court 
 house at that place. 
 
 On the 3d day of April, at a meeting held in the town of Lawler 
 a resolution was passed protesting against appropriation of 
 any money by the county to build a court house until the town 
 where it was built should make liberal appropaiation therefor. 
 
 This resolution seemed to cast a liiebrand in to the hitherto 
 peaceful question, and to set the county in a blaze and every man 
 seemed to take some part, for one side or the other. 
 
 However, the citizens, of New Hampton, met the question, by 
 appointing A. E. Bigelow, H. M. Mixer and Jno. Foley, as trustees 
 to raise and hold a fund, of $5,000, to be given^ to the county of 
 Chickasaw, or as much of it as was needed to complete the court 
 house building, provided, the county appropriated the sum of 
 $5,000 in addition. 
 
 To this liberal offer it was raised in objection, that the sub- 
 scribers were only bound for a small sum in reality, as but little 
 more than the S5,000 of the county would be needed to build 
 the court house, according to plans adopted by the board of super- 
 visors. This led to much dispute and mangling. The citizens of 
 Nashua, agreed on their part, that, if the county seat was located 
 in that place, they would erect a building suitable for the pur- 
 pose, at a cost of $25,000, which the county might occupy as a 
 court house, at a nominal rent of $1.00 per annum, but which 
 building they would not donate to the county. 
 
 Finally at the September meeting of the board of supervisors, 
 the question of locating the county seat was taken up, and a peti- 
 tion signed by a large number of the voters of the county, was pre- 
 sented, asking the honorable board to relocate the same at Nashua, 
 
164 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 in the township of Bradford. Also a remonstrance, signed by a 
 larger number of votes of said county, was presented remonstrat- 
 ing against the board relocating the county seat at Nashua, and 
 we find the following upon the records of the board. 
 
 "The question of the relocation of the county seat was taken up 
 by the board, and the following action taken by them:" 
 
 We, the board of supervisors of Chickasaw county, Iowa, at the 
 suggestion, and by the expressed consent of the petitioners, by 
 their attorney, without a close investigation of either the petition 
 or remonstrance, but taking the names as they appear upon the 
 face of said petition and remonstrance, and being satisfied that the 
 names upon the remonstrance exceed the names upon the petition, 
 therefore the prayer of the petitioners is hereby declared, not 
 granted." 
 
 This ended the matter and the county seat still remaining at New 
 Hampton, the building of the court house was proceeded with; for 
 account of which we refer to chapter on county buildings. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 165 I 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 The Pkess; The Printer; Journalism in Chickasaw County 
 IN Early Days — Railroads; Their History and Extent. 
 
 The inception of journalism dates from remote ages. The insti- 
 tution now known as the newspaper was preceded nearly a thou- 
 sand years by manuscript publications, in which the accounts of 
 public occurrences in Rome were made knoAvn to the public, these 
 were known by the- name of "Acta Diurna;" but their issues, in 
 time of scarcity of news, was irregular, the editor either engaging 
 in some other calling or indulging in the sports of the day. 
 
 But little progress was made from this until 1622, the date of 
 the first publication worthy of the name of newspaper. Prior to 
 that time, the mental appetite of modern Europe had subsisted 
 upon periodical manuscript literature. In England, the written 
 news-letter, fui-nished only at fabulous prices, was, for a long time, 
 in vogue. The news pamphlet was the nearest approach to the 
 newspaper that had obtained up to 1622; when, as has been said, 
 the first regular series of newspapers was born. It was about that 
 time that the "Weekly News from Italic and Germanie" made its 
 salutatory to the London public. It was printed upon a mechani- 
 cal contrivance — perfected by one Nathanial Butler, who is th« 
 
167 HISTOEY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 progenitor of the newspaper proper. The first attempt at the pub- 
 lication of parlimentary reports was made in 1G41, when the 
 parties of the reahn first occupied a plac^in the paper. The first 
 advertisement was inserted in 1648, and was in verse form, and tra- 
 dition truly says that it paid then as now. 
 
 The first daily morning newspaper was the "London Courant," 
 published in 1709 and consisted of only one pago or two columns, 
 each five paragraphs long; and was made up from translations 
 from foreign journals. Fifty years had not elapsed l^efore there 
 was over seven ndllion papers sold in England annually. 
 
 The revolutions in journalism during the present century have 
 been of so stupendous a type as to be almost beyond comprehension 
 were we not brought face to face with the fact day by day. Nor 
 has the press failed to increase in power and usefulness. It is an 
 instrument calculated to elevate and enlighten the people, as well 
 as aid in the enforcement of the laws and the perpetuation of good 
 government. It is its mission to make wrong doing odious, by 
 airing the misdeeds of those guilty of crimes agoinst law and so- 
 ciety j and to point the admiring finger at the good and pure deeds 
 of men of nobility of soul, who are worthy of respectful homage. 
 
 And th^ printer, whose ceaseless placing of type on type makes 
 possible these labors of tlie brain of men; the printer who garners 
 up the thoughts and actions of men and spread them upon the 
 snow white page and send them to your very door, is he not wor- 
 thy a place in the history of our time. 
 
 To use the beautiful words of that gifted journalist, Benj. F. 
 ♦ Taylor, when speaking of the printer: 
 
 "The printer is tlie adjutant of thought, and this explains the 
 mystery of the wonderful word — that can kindle a hope as no 
 Bong can — that can warm the heart as no hope — that word 'we,' 
 with a hand in hand warmth in it, for the author and printer are 
 engineers together. Engineers, indeed ! when the little Corsican 
 bombarded Cadiz at the distance of five miles, it was deemed the 
 very triumph of engineering. But what is that range to this> 
 whereby they bombard the age yet to come. 
 
 "There at the case he stands and marshals into line the forces 
 armed for truth, clothed in immortality and English. And what 
 can be nobler than the equipment of a thought in sterting Saxon — 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 167 
 
 Saxon with the ring of spear and shield in it, and that commis- 
 sioning it, when we are dead, to move gradually on to the — 'latest 
 syllable of recorded time'. This is to win a victory from death, 
 
 for this has no death in it. 
 
 "The printer is called a laborer, and the office he performs, toil. 
 
 Oh, it is not work, but a sublime rite that he is performing, when 
 he thus sights, the engine that is to fling a worded truth in grand- 
 er curve than missle e'er before described — flung it into the bosom 
 of an age yet unborn. 
 
 "He throws oif his coat indeed ! we but wonder, the rather, that 
 he does not put the shoes from off his feet, for the place whereon 
 he stands is holy ground. 
 
 "A little song was uttered somewhere, long ago— it wander- 
 ed through the twilight feebler than a star — it died upon the ear. 
 But the printer caught it up where it was lying there in the silence 
 like a wounded bird, and equips it anew with wings, and he sends 
 it forth from the ark that had preserved it, and it flew forth into 
 the future, with the olive branch of peace, and round the world 
 with melody, like the dawning of a spring morning. 
 
 "How the types have built up the broken arches in the bridge of 
 time ! How they render the brave utterances beyond the Pilgrims 
 audible and eloquent — hardly feeling the free spirit, but moving 
 not a word, not a syllable lost in the whirl of the world — moving 
 in connected paragraph and period down the lengthening line of 
 years." 
 
 The first newspaper published in the county, was the Chickasaw 
 County Republican, which made its appearance at Jacksonville in 
 May, 1857, under the proprietorship of Isaac Watson, who brought 
 the material from Missouri. Watson was subsequently killed by 
 the rebels in Missouri during the war. Following the Republi- 
 can very closely, in the same month, and during the succeeding 
 week — the Cedar Valley News was issued at Bradford, with A. J. 
 Felt as editor. Felt sold to a Mr. Bushnell, and he to D. A. Bab- 
 oock, who represented a stock company. The stock company sold 
 to G. M. Reynolds, who, in connection with Babcock, ran the paper 
 for some time. The News finally succumbed to adverse circum- 
 stances, and after a flickering existence, its "light went out." It 
 was neutral in politics, and, says our informant, "was published 
 for a republican constituency by a democratic editor." 
 
 The Jacksonville newspaper enterprise was republican in poli- 
 tics, and it, too, fell into the hands of a stock company, which, as 
 
168 HISTORY QF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 in the case of the Cedar Valley News, also proved to be the pre- 
 cursor of death. We have before us as we write, the paper relat- 
 * ng to the organizing of the stock c( n.j suy, purchase of the paper 
 
 etc., which we herewith present in full: 
 
 "In pursuance of a call of individuals that have prcpcsed taking 
 shares and forming a joint stock association for the purpose of pur- 
 chasing the press, fixtures, furniture and books of the Chickasaw 
 County Republican, under t he name of the Chickasaw County Re- 
 publican Association, a meeting was held at Jacksonville on the 
 7th day of November, 1857, and on motion William Little was 
 "called to the chair and J. H. Powers appointed secretary. On mo- 
 tion the articles that had been circulated for the purpose of elicit- 
 ing stock were presented, the blanks filled, and were unanimously 
 
 adopted as follows: 
 
 " 'The stock of the associati on shall consist of shares of ten dol- 
 lars each, and each share shall be entitled to one vote. The stock 
 shall be paid in installments as follows, to wit: one-half dollar down, 
 two dollars in four months, and the remainder in six months. 
 
 " 'The stockholders shall at the annual meeting on the second Wed- 
 nesday of November, elect by ballot a president, vice-president^ 
 secretary and treasurer, and an executive and such other commit- 
 ties as they shall see fit, whose duties shall be as prescribed by 
 
 the by-laws of the association. 
 
 " 'The treasurer shall, before entering upon the duties of his of- 
 fice, give bonds in the sum of two thousand dollars, said bonds to 
 be approved by the president and filed with the secretary. 
 
 " 'The stock holders shall have power to make by-laws not in- 
 consistent with these articles. 
 
 " 'No share shall be entitled to a vote after an installment be- 
 comes due, until paid. 
 
 " 'One-half of the shares taken, represented by at least five stock- 
 holders, shall constitute a quorum for transaction of business. 
 
 " 'These articles may be amended at any annual meeting by a 
 majority of shares represented, by giving two months' notice prior 
 
 to said meeting.' " 
 
 These articles were signed as follows: D. A. Babcock, 3 shares, 
 $30; R. C. Horton, 3 shares, $30; G. W. Howard, 3 shares, $30; B. 
 E. DePuy, 2 shares, $20; A. W. Billings, 3 shares, $30; M. B. 
 Taylor, 1 share $10; Thomas Poolr & Co., 5 shares, $50; Luthan 
 Morgan, 1 share, $10; L. L. Morse, 3 shares, $30; W. W. Foster, 1 
 share, $10; A. E. Bigelow, 1 share, $10." 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 169 
 
 The proceedings of the meeting were continued as follows : 
 
 "On motion they proceeded to ballot for ofiicers, which resulted 
 afl follows: President Hazard Green; vice-president, D. A. Bab- 
 cock; secretary, J. H. Powers; treasurer, J. H. Dickens; executive 
 committee, G. W. Howard, F. D. Bosworth, J. Cole; committee on 
 by-laws, W. E. Beach, J. H. Dickens, J. Cole, J. H. Powers, G. 
 W. Howard." 
 
 Shares were limited to two hundred at ten dollars each, and the 
 installments were made payable as follows : five dollars down, two 
 dollars in three months and three dollars in six months. The cor- 
 poration began its existence on the 14th day of November, 1857' 
 and was to continue ten years, subject, however, to dissolution by 
 a two-thirds vote of all the shares taken. Private property was 
 exempt from the incorporate debts, and the indebtedness of the 
 association was never to exceed three hundred dollars at any one 
 time. 
 
 Isaac Watson's assignment of the property is as follows: "For 
 the consideration of the sum of six hundred dollars in hand paid, 
 I hereby assign and sell to the Chickasaw County Republican As- 
 sociation, all the material and fixtures of the office of the Chick- 
 asaw County Republican; also the stock and books on hand, the 
 job type now at the river, and all the stock now on hand connected 
 with the office; and authorize the association to appropriate the 
 same to the use of the association." '^ 
 
 Isaac Watson. 
 
 The following is also from the records kept by the association: 
 
 NAMES. , NO. SHARES. AMOUNT. 
 
 Cole 
 
 H.Green 
 
 20 
 15 
 
 W. E. Beach 
 
 A. Vaughn 
 
 WilUiam Little 
 
 1 
 2 
 5 
 
 J. H. Powers 
 
 J. P. North 
 
 F. Coover 
 
 H. H. Brakeman 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 C. Fitch 
 
 1 
 
 E. R. Gillett 
 
 D. A. Babcock 
 
 J. H. Powers (for Gurley) 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 $200 Receipted 
 150 
 
 10 
 
 u 
 
 20 
 
 a 
 
 50 
 
 a 
 
 10 
 
 a 
 
 30 
 
 li 
 
 20 
 
 u 
 
 60 
 
 u 
 
 10 
 10 
 10 ] 
 10 
 
 Receipted 
 
170 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 "The amount of shares set against the names above will call for 
 shares in the Chickasaw County Republicon Association, on pre- 
 senting the receipt of Isaac Watson. J. H. Powers, 
 
 "Sec. of C. C. R. A." 
 
 Reed, on the above the amount set opposite each name in full, 
 in payment on account of the Chickasaw County Republican of- 
 fice, with the exception of A. Vaughn, Charley Fitch and E. R. 
 Gillett, and $40 on H. H. Brakeman. 
 
 "Jacksonville, December 18th, 1857. 
 
 "Isaac Watson." 
 
 Certificates of stock appear to have been issued as follows : 
 names. nos. no of shares. 
 
 F. D. Bos worth 1 1 
 
 D. A. Babcock 2 1 
 
 J. H. Powers 3 1 
 
 W.E.Beach 4 1 
 
 J.Cole 5 to 25 20 
 
 H. H. Brakeman 25to31 6 
 
 G.W.Howard 31 '. 1 
 
 J. P. North 33to36 3 
 
 Little & Wood 36to41 5 
 
 A. Vaughn 41to42 2 
 
 Coover 43to44 2 
 
 The certificates of stock were in form as follows, being a copy of 
 ^n origonal one now before us : 
 
 /~ 
 
 No. 5. CERTIFICATE OF STOCK, $10. 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CHICKASAW COUNTY REPUBLICAN ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Ten Dollars. 
 Issued to J. Cole. 
 
 December 25th, A. D., 1857. 
 
 ' ^ 
 
 Chickasaw County '\ 
 Republican Association [■ 
 
 Seal. 3 
 
 . / 
 
 ^ J. H. Powers, Sec. H. Green, Pres. ^ 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 171 
 
 After a brief and unsatisfactory existence the Chickasaw County 
 Kepublican Association, which had been started with such careful 
 preparation, sold the Republican to L. J. Young, who moved the 
 material to New Hampton and with it began the publication of the 
 New Hampton Courier, in connection with W. E. Beach. In pay- 
 ment for the material Young executed the following instrument: 
 
 "Be it remembered that I, L. J. Young, for a valuable considera- 
 tion in hand paid by J. H. Powers, as agent of the Chickasaw 
 County Republican association, do hereby sell and deliver unto 
 the said powers as the said agent, one yoke of white-faced oxen» 
 now used by me, and one spotted cow; and make and deliver unto 
 the Chickasaw County Republican association a good and suffi- 
 cient warrantee deed of lot number three in block eighteen in the 
 village of Chickasaw, Chickasaw county, Iowa, or at their request 
 to any other person that they may direct instead thereof; and to 
 give over to him the following donations, to- wit: 
 
 "Gardner & Hamlin, $20; D. Edwards, one lot in New Hamp- 
 ton; H. Gurley, $10; S. Cotant, $10; D. A. Jackson, $10; E. T. 
 Runion, $10; Powers, balance due him on note holden by H. 
 Gurley ; said donation to be collected by the said agent. 
 
 "Witness my hand and seal this 11th day of November, A. D., 
 1859. L. J. Young." 
 
 The New Hampton Courier made its first appearance on the 
 16th day of January, 1860, as a six column folio, Beach & Young 
 editors and proprietors. The first number was evidently put to- 
 gether under difficulties, not the least of which was the scarcity of 
 proper type. On the fourth page the proceedings of congress are 
 set in double column measure, in great primer type, but the pro- 
 ceedings not "filling out" the double column, capitals of the Ger- 
 man text alphabet are inserted to fill the vacancy. An item from 
 the Charles City Intelligencer, predicting the early demise of the 
 new venture, is quoted in this number, with appropriate comments 
 to the effect that the Courier has come to stay, etc., an assertion 
 which has proven more than usually correct as regards such en- 
 terprises, the Courier being at this writing in its twenty -third year 
 and so far from showing signs of decay as to evince, on the con- 
 trary, increased vigor, ability and prosperity with its increasing 
 years. 
 
 Of the home advertisers in this first issue of the Courier, we note 
 
172 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 the following, doing business at that time in New Hampton, ex- 
 cept where otherwise stated: Waite & Albertson, dry goods and 
 groceries; A. & N. Vaughn, general merchandise, Jacksonville; H. 
 Green, tavern stand, Jacksonville; William Beebe, blacksmith 
 "clocks and watches cleaned, guns and gun-locks repaired," Jack- 
 sonville; H. Gurley, general merchandise; Cotant & McCuUow, 
 general merchandise; J. H. Powers, counselor at law; W. E. 
 Beach, notary public; Caleb Arnold, justice of the peace. 
 
 W. E. Beach subsequently sold his interest to G. M. Reynolds, 
 who, after a time, purchased Young's interest also. Mr. Reynold's 
 continued to publish the Courier until his death in 1878, on June 
 22d, of which year the paper passed into the hands of W. R. Ed- 
 wards and J. R. Carleton, who continued its publication until Oct. 
 11, 1882, when Mr. Edwards sold his interest to C. F. Geer. The 
 Courier is now published by Carleton & Geer, editors and proprie- 
 tors, is an eight-column folio, republican in politics, and in every 
 way creditable to its owners and the county of Chickasaw. 
 
 RAILROADS. 
 
 In the days when the feet of the pioneer first pressed the prairie 
 sod of Chickasaw county, no guiding road had they on which they 
 could travel to reach their destmation. A pocket compass, the 
 North star, the course of the streams, or often blind chance were 
 their only guide. Before their coming, to select their lands and 
 build their cabins, the prairie grass and flowers had never known 
 the disturbing feet of the white man. Few railroads were their in 
 any parts of the United States, and in this country they lay as yet 
 in the bosom of the unborn years. The hardy pioneer seeking out 
 a new home, came by wagon, on horseback.; yea, often on foot; 
 the ferries across the streams were rude enough when there were 
 any; but often the immigrant was compelled to ford the creeks or 
 raft himself over the rivers. Sometimes, wagons were transported 
 across the river in small Indian canoes, that were lashed together 
 at a width to accommodate the width of the wagons; the wheels 
 of one side of the wagon being placed in one canoe, and the wheels 
 of the other side in the other canoe and then "paddled" across. 
 The horses and exen being swam by the side of the canoes, and 
 another voyage being made to "set over" the family of the^^emi- 
 grant who shared his toil and privation. 
 
 As the country settled up, the needs of the pioneers began to in- 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNUY. 17S 
 
 crease, stores and trading places to spring up, goods and merchan- 
 dise were hauled by wagons from McGregor and Dubuque, the 
 nearest landing places on the Mississippi. In those days, and un- 
 til the railroads crossed the Mississippi river — and followed the set- 
 tlements into the interior, freighting and staging was a prosperous 
 business, and laid the foundation for fortunes to the men who en- 
 gaged in it. The old four-horse stage are still remembered with 
 much pleasure, as being the joy of their early days, when the 
 farmer stopped the horse in the furrow, the mechanic dropped his 
 tools, and the merchant came from behind his counter, all to see 
 the stage go by. What a hero — a man to be envied — was the 
 driver. The young man's mind could conceive no higher ambi- 
 tion than to drive a four-in-hand stage. And in fact, it made 
 many of the fathers and men in middle-life feel wonderfully 
 proud, when, for the first time, they took a seat in one of those old 
 coaches to be whirled back to the east, from which he had so la- 
 
 borously toiled with plodding oxen but a few years ago. 
 
 In 1856, the people of Chickasaw first began to agitate the sub- 
 ject of railroads. The McGregor, St. Peters and Mississippi rail- 
 road company being then in process of formation with headquar- 
 ters at Decorah and McGregor, a special election was held in 
 Chickasaw county on the question as to whether the county should 
 subscribe to the stock of said company to induce them to run their 
 line through the county. The election was hel4 on October 15th, 
 1856, and the whole number of votes cast were 536, of these 352 
 voted for the subscription for the stock an d 176 against it, with 8 
 
 ballots rejected on account of, being incorrectly worded. 
 
 On October 6th, 1857, a vote was taken in the county as to 
 whether the county should aid in the construction of the Cedar 
 Valley branch of the Chicago, Iowa and Nebraska, and resulted in 
 309 votes being cast in favor of so doing and 216 against it. But 
 the McGregor, St. Peter and Mississippi railroad having collapsed 
 about 1860, the county held another election and recinded all votes 
 cast in aid of both the above roads, by very large majorities. 
 
 The first company who broke ground within the limits of the 
 county, was the Cedar Valley and Minnesota, who during the sum- 
 mer of 1868 graded the road and laid the rails through the south- 
 western part of Bradford township. The station at Nashua was 
 erected in July of that year. Immediately on the completion of the 
 roadjit was leased to the Illinois Central railroad, who furnished the 
 
174 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 necessary rolling stock to transact the business and who operate 
 the road now under the name of the Cedar ITalls and Minnesota 
 branch of the Illinois Central. There are, however, but seven 
 miles and a small fraction lying within this county. 
 
 On the 9th day of September, 1868, however, ground was broken 
 at Calmar, Winnesheik county, by the McGregor and Sioux City 
 railroad, and in the early summer of 1869 had entered the bounda- 
 ries of Chickasaw county. This road traverses the entire breadth 
 of Chickasaw county, crossing the townships of Stapleton, New 
 Hampton, Dayton, Chickasaw and a small fraction of Utica, and 
 having stations at Lawler, New Hampton, Chickasaw and Bassett 
 It is now under the control of the- Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul 
 railroad, and designated the Iowa and Dakota division. 
 
 Several attempts have been made to induce the building of 
 other roads, notably those running north and south, to secure ad- 
 ditional facilities and produce competition, and thereby cheapen 
 freight, but at present nothing has come of it, although there 
 seems to be a prospect, in the future, for at least one to be com- 
 pleted. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 175 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Education. — Early School Laws, Tax Rates, and Reports; 
 School Superintendents; Present Status; Reports of 
 Schools:; Report of School Superintendent; and Teachers, 
 Etc. 
 
 educational. 
 The United States, although the youngest in the bright brother- 
 hood of nations may in truth be said to be the parent of the public 
 school. Two hundred years ago, the stern and rigid Puritan, on 
 the bleak and rocks shores of New England, originated the district 
 school for the inculcation of ideas, to the j youthful 
 mind, and it exists to this day in that far away portion of our great 
 republic. Our forefathers, in the mighty emgrations which they 
 made toward the setting sun, brought with them the germs of t he 
 precious seed, and where ever they settled planted it in a fruitful 
 soil. Some came to our own noble state, and though the seed 
 was in small quantity, verily the harvest is abundant. It 
 can now witliout any tear of contradiction, be said, 
 that Iowa possesses the best school system in th e 
 
176 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 world; and Chickasaw county is by no means, in the rear of the 
 other counties of the state, in this respect. Let the following exhibit 
 of the use of the educational system vouch for the truth of this. 
 
 The first school opened in the county, was one at the old village 
 of Bradford in the year 1852, and from this small beginning, 
 in thirty years it has grown into a mighty tree, whose outreaching 
 branches overshadow every part of it. The first schools were ap- 
 parently independent movements brought about by the commun- 
 ities in which they were planted for we find no records of any 
 thing approaching to concerted action or system until 1855, from 
 that period until 1858, there are no records at all owing partially to 
 the loose manner, in which all the early papers were kept. After 
 that date there seems to be more effort to keep them in proper 
 form, and from them we collate the following: 
 
 In 1858 the secretaries of the several school districts, returned 
 the following tax rates for school purposes: New Hampton town- 
 ship, seven mills; Richland township, five mills; North Washing- 
 ton, one mill; Bradford, one mill; Dayton, five mills; Jackson- 
 (or Jaxonville, as here spelled,) five mills. 
 
 September 12th, 1859,the permanent school fund, and the school 
 •.tax collected in Chickasaw county were apportioned as follows: 
 
 PERMANENT CO. TAX 
 
 TOWNSHIP. SCHOOL FUND. COLLECTED. 
 
 Jacksonville $ 62 12 $ 39 15 
 
 Utica 66 86 42 11 
 
 Washington 31 32 19 44 
 
 Deerfield 56 38 35 53 
 
 Chickasaw 104 40 65 80 
 
 Dayton 32 88 20 92 
 
 New Hampton 49 59 31 26 
 
 Stapleton 33 41 '21 06 
 
 Fredricksburg 51 68 32 57 
 
 Dresden 34 97 22 04 
 
 Richland 53 77 33 89 
 
 Bradford 143 03 90 15 
 
 Totals mo 41 $453 92 
 
 October 3d, 1859, J. C. Strong, county superintendent of Chick- 
 asaw county schools, filed the following abstract of the number of 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 177 
 
 youths, between the ages of five and. twenty-one years, residing in 
 each township and school district: 
 
 TOWNSHIP. MALES. FEMAES. TOTALS. 
 
 Bradford 143 144 287 
 
 Chickasaw 125 90 215 
 
 Dayton 22 23 45 
 
 Deerfield 51 60 111 
 
 Dresden 25 43 68 
 
 Fredericksburg 47 32 79 
 
 Jacksonville, 62 56 118 
 
 New Hampton, 71 57 128 
 
 Richland, 33 57 90 
 
 Stapleton 35 34 69 
 
 Utica 73 73 146 
 
 Washington 33 30 63 
 
 Total 720 699 1,419 
 
 Apportionment of school moneys April, 1860: 
 
 TOWNSHIPS. PERMANENT SCHOOL FUND. CO. TAX. 
 
 Bradford $ 170 38 $ 163 14 
 
 Chickasaw 127 55 122 21 
 
 Dayton 26 70 25 58 
 
 Deerfield 65 87 63 10 
 
 Dresden 40 35 38 65 
 
 Fredricksburg 46 88 44 90 
 
 Jacksonville 70 03 67 07 
 
 New Hampton 76 00 72 75 
 
 Richland ! 53 40 51 15 
 
 Stapleton 40 94 39 22 
 
 TItica 86 64 82 99 
 
 Washington 37 39 35 81 
 
 Totals $842 13 $806 57 
 
 Report of G. J. Tisdale, county superintendent, for 1860: 
 
 TOWNSHIPS. MALES. FEMALES. TOTAL. 
 
 Bradford 144 149 293 
 
 Richland 31 53 84 
 
 Dresden 35 40 75 
 
 Fredricksburg 52 50 102 
 
 Stapleton 33 37 70 
 
« 
 
 178 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 New Hampton 81 66 147 
 
 Dayton 27 25 52 
 
 Chickasaw 118 101 219 
 
 Deerfield 51 54 105 
 
 Washington 37 35 72 
 
 Jacksonville 51 60 111 
 
 Utica 82 78 161 
 
 Totals 743 748 1,491 
 
 PUPILS 1880. 
 
 -^ h U 1^ 
 
 '-<i ^ - l-j CD 1-1. M 
 
 ^ S Ho • t--^- 
 
 JO CD <^ ti M ' 
 
 f^ P ►S CD^ ^ O 
 
 TOWNSHIPS. MALES. FEMALES. 
 
 Bradford 213 233 299 153 1.60 
 
 Chickasaw 169 121 240 122 1.85 
 
 Deerfield 224 191 286 182 1.60 
 
 Jacksonville 231 239 282 177 1.64 
 
 Utica 254 240 443 177 1.24 
 
 Dayton 188 130 198 99 2.33 
 
 Dresden 126 138 252 115 167 
 
 Fredricksburg 148 124 236 128 1.69 
 
 New Hampton 112 118 203 95 2.08 
 
 Richland 145 169 237 122 y^f 
 
 Stapleton 150 136 221 124 1.49 
 
 Washington 259 224 298 169 1.33 
 
 Ind. Districts. 
 
 Chickasaw 47 49 78 33i .79 
 
 Fredricksburg 36 38 86 62 .95 
 
 Ionia ^,54 72 82 62 .95 
 
 Lawler 145 125 166 116 1.04 
 
 Nashua 194 188 354 214 1.03 
 
 New Hampton 195 228 311 178 3.23 
 
 The earliest records in the office of the county suj^erintendent 
 of schools begin on the 20th of October, 1862, on which date it ap- 
 pears of entry thatHhe board of supervisors appointed Thomas N. 
 Hkinner, superintendent in the place of J. A. Sawin. Skinner 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 179 
 
 entered upon the discharge of his duties the same day, 
 and went to Bradford to attend a teachers' institute. Skinner's 
 last entry is of date January 6th, 1864, and the first entry by his 
 successor, F. D. Bosworth, apjDears on the blank day of January, 
 1864. 
 
 Records of examinations for teachers' certificates comprise the 
 greater portion of Skinner's entries, together with itemized ac- 
 counts of his expenses and sums due for official services. The 
 enterics show, however, a very fair degree of energy on his part 
 and quite a number of visitations upon the schools of the county. 
 In the light of latter-day blank forms and other facilities for mak- 
 ing out reports, etc., these early records appear somewhat primi- 
 tive, but none the less evince the progressive spirit which . has 
 paved the way to the present orderly system. 
 
 The first entry of an official visit by superintendent Skinner is 
 given below precisely as it appears in the records, as a specimen 
 report of the more or less simelar memoranda which follows : 
 
 ''June 2, 1863, 
 
 journalized from 
 
 memorandum 
 
 Teacher 
 
 Miss Rose Doud, 
 
 wages $12 per 
 
 month. 
 
 Faulty ortho- 
 graphy. 
 
 Stapleton school district, May 20, 1863. 
 Visited school in sub-district No. 2 in Staple- 
 ton. School taught by Miss Rose Doud. School 
 room neat and in order. Vase of flowers. 
 Pupils enrolled 8 
 
 Pupils 2 in first grade 2 
 
 Pupils 2 in 3 grade 2 
 
 Pupils 4 in 4 grade 4 
 
 8 
 Wages $12 per month. A first-class school 
 for a small one. Rented room for school." 
 
 Mr. Skinner is not always so complimentary in his reports, 
 however; "faulty in orthography" is a comment which frequently 
 appears, and there are other criticisms set forth with a chaiming 
 degree of frankness unusual in our day of apologetic literature. Mr. 
 S. evidently believed in calling a spade a spade. One teacher is 
 "not well qualified;" in one school the room contained "no flowers 
 or anything to make it pleasant; another is "too full a school 
 for the house;" one school house is in "common order," and the 
 school under "medium government." Then there are "a poor 
 teacher, not fitted for the school;" a school that is "not neat;" a 
 teacher that "hasn't energy enough for teaching successfully," 
 
180 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 *nd a teacher who "needs more education." Indeed, according to 
 Mr. Skinner, there is quite a number^of the latter class. We learn 
 also of a "good teacher" who is "conceited" and "does not stimu- 
 late to higher standards;" a "national" teacher; a "nervous" 
 teacher; a "middling" school, and are informed that "every school 
 in the county is deficient in books" — better supplied, hewever, than 
 the superintendent had anticipated." 
 
 The wages, it will be ol)served, were generally less than one-half 
 the wages paid at the present time, twelve dollars per month being 
 the usual sum, and fifteen dollars the highest paid save in the 
 Bradford schools, where the principal, A. M. Mott, received forty- 
 five dollars and his assistant. Miss Louisa Robinson, twenty dol- 
 lars per month. 
 
 According to a resolution of the board of supervisors of the 
 county, adopted at the June term 1863, the county superintendent 
 was directed to visit and grade the various schools of the county 
 agreebly to the instructions of the secretary of the state board of 
 education, and that the schools be so graded that the pupils may 
 advance in any one study when found to be so qualified. 
 
 SCHOOL SYSTEM A NUSIANCE. 
 
 At the same term of the board of county solons it was:- "Re- 
 solved, That the board of supervisors of Chickasaw county, Iowa, 
 deem after long expcrince and mature reflection, the present 
 school of the state of Iowa a nusiance — a conglomerate of misun- 
 derstandings and inconsistencies, having a direct tendency to 
 squander the school fund and not benefiting the youth of our state 
 but very little; and that we woukVrecommend and use our influence 
 to have the present school law remodeled, and each sub-district 
 made a body corporate, thereby allowing each sub-district of the 
 townships to have the exclusive control and management of their 
 own school matters, and that the county superintendent be in- 
 structed to forward a copy of this resolution to the secretary of the 
 board of education." 
 
 The first teachers institute recorded convened October 3d, 1864. 
 The principal portion of the entry is as follows: 
 
 "Agreeable to notice, teachers met at New Ham])ton to open an 
 institute. Institute opened at 2 p. m„ and organized by selecting 
 F. D. Bosworth, chairman, and D. F. Callender, secretary. J. L. 
 Enos had been selected as lecturer, and to conduct the exercises 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 181 
 
 during the session of the institute. The order of exercises was 
 then read, and the meeting adjourned." 
 
 Upon reassembly on the following day, the meeting was con- 
 ducted in accordance with the programme read on the preceeding 
 day, as was also the case on the 5tli, 6th, and 7th, and on ■ the 8th 
 resolutions were adopted and oflicers selected for the ensuing year. 
 The session closed at 12 m. on the 8th. 
 
 J. C. Johnson succeeded Mr. Bosworth in 1866, and in 1870 W. 
 P. Bennett appears as successor to Johnson. In October of the 
 latter year the name of Jos. F. Grawe appears as succeeding Mr. 
 Bennett. And at the election of October 11th, 1870, Jos. F. Grawe 
 was reelected to fill the same office by almost the unanimous voice 
 of the people, there being but three votes cast against him. The 
 same gentleman seemed to be as great a favorite at the election of 
 October 10th, 1871, and continued to hold the office at the bidding 
 of the great majority of his fellow citizens, until January 4th, 1875, 
 and O. A. Truman wha appointed, by the board of supervisors, to 
 fill the vacancy; which he filled until superceded liy Major W. D. 
 Collins, who was elected October 12th, 1875. He was succeeded 
 by H. A. Simons who was elected October 18th, 187*), and was 
 replaced by J. A. Lapham the present incumbent whose election 
 occurred on the 11th day of October, 1881, his opponent being a 
 very popular man, Oscar A.- McFarland now principal of the 
 Lawler school: 
 
 Compensation of Teachers of County, 1880-81. 
 
 No. Employed. Compensation yev Mo. 
 
 TOWNSHIP. MALES. FEMALES. MALES. FEMALES. 
 
 Bradford 7 16 $28 77 $23 47 
 
 Chickasaw 5 14 27 34 19 05 
 
 Deerfield 2 23 23 75 24 46 
 
 •Jacksonville 4 20 21 75 20 14 
 
 Utica 7 14 22 36 18 85 
 
 Dayton 4 11 29 50 20 60 
 
 Dresden 3 10 22 33 23 27 
 
 Fredericksburg. 6 9 26 66 19 46 
 
 New Hampton 7 10 24 54 20 19 
 
 Richland 5 8 28 25 21 70 
 
 Stapleton : 4 5 22 15 19 90 
 
 Washington 3 8 24 25 24 74 
 
182 
 
 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 Ind. Districts. 
 
 Chickasaw 2 
 
 Fredricksburg 
 
 Ionia 1 
 
 Lawler 1 
 
 Nashua 1 
 
 New Hampton 2 
 
 The number and value of school houses according to the report 
 of county superintendent for 1881. 
 
 Number School House. 
 
 BRICK. 
 
 2 
 4 
 1 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 27 50 
 
 35 00 
 53 33 
 
 80 00 
 50 00 
 
 25 00 
 28 50 
 25 66 
 32 50 
 35 00 
 25 63 
 
 TOWNSHIP. FRAME 
 
 Bradfoad 11 
 
 Chickasaw 8 
 
 Deerfield 10 
 
 Jacksonville 6 
 
 Utica 10 
 
 Dayton 7 
 
 Dresden 8 
 
 Fredericksburg. 9 
 
 New Hampton. 8 
 
 Richland 6 
 
 StajDleton 7 
 
 Washington 7 
 
 Ind. Dist's. 
 
 Chickasaw 1 
 
 Fredericksburg. 1 
 
 Ionia 1 
 
 Lawler 1 
 
 Nashua 
 
 New Hampton.. .. 
 
 STONE. 
 
 VALUE. 
 
 $ 6 600 
 
 Value of 
 
 APPARATUS. 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 
 200 
 825 
 300 
 150 
 450 
 210 
 475 
 150 
 300 
 450 
 275 
 
 30. 
 43. 
 135 
 186 
 156 
 337 
 65 
 60 
 
 2 100 
 
 . 700 
 
 2-000 
 
 4 000 
 
 12 000 
 
 700 
 
 In 1882, according to the reports, as filed with the county audi- 
 tor, it is found that there are in the county 5,257 children, between 
 the ages of five and twenty-one years, divided among the several 
 townships as follows: 
 
 TOWNSHIP. NO. OF MALES. 
 
 Bradford 367 
 
 Chickasaw 233 
 
 Deerfield 180 
 
 Jacksonville 210 
 
 NO. OF FEMALES. 
 
 372 
 
 • 293 
 
 163 
 
 234 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 185 
 
 Utica 226 
 
 Fredericksburg 180 
 
 Stapleton 259 
 
 New Hampton 336 
 
 Dayton 128 
 
 Dresden 106 
 
 Richland 139 
 
 Washington 250 
 
 Total 2614 
 
 2643 
 
 Grand total 5257 
 
 Report of number of schools in each sub-district for the 
 1880 and 1881: 
 
 1880. 1881. 
 
 TOWNSHIP. NO. SUB-DIST. NO. ROOM. NO. SUB-DIST. NO 
 
 Bradford 10 12 10 
 
 Chickasaw 8 8 8 
 
 Deerfield 12 11 12 
 
 Jacksonville 11 12 11 
 
 Utica 10 10 10 
 
 Dayton 7 7 7 
 
 Dresden 8 8 8 
 
 Fredericksburg 9 9 9 
 
 New Hampton 8 8 8 
 
 Richland 6 6 6 
 
 Stapleton 7*7 7 
 
 Washington..... 6 8 8 
 
 Ind. districts. 
 
 Chickasaw 12 1 
 
 Ionia 12 1 
 
 Lawler 13 1 
 
 Nashuar. 15 1 
 
 New Hampton 1 5 1 . 
 
 Fredericksburg 12 1 
 
 Bradford high school. .. .. 1 
 
 Total 108 125 111 
 
 . 196 
 156 
 275 
 395 
 116 
 110 
 123 
 210 
 
 2643 
 
 years, 
 
 ROOM. 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 11 
 12 
 10 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 5 
 2 
 1 
 
 126 
 
184 HISTORY OF CHICKA.SAW COUNTY. 
 
 The following is condensed from a report of J.*A.Lapham, county- 
 superintendent, for 1882. 
 
 There are at present one hundred and twenty -nine teachers em- 
 ployed in the public schools of Chickasaw county. There are one 
 hundred and five county school houses, leaving twenty four teach- 
 ers employed in the towns and villages. Of these New Hampton 
 has eight, Nashua seven, Lawler Ionia, Chickasaw and Fredricks- 
 burg tw-o teachers each. Bradford township sustains a high school. 
 Deerfiield and Jacksonville each hired another teacher in the sum- 
 mer season, making a total requisite of one hundred thirty-one 
 teachers to supply our public schools. 
 
 Of this corps of teachers two (Profs Simons and Felker) hold 
 professional certificates. Thirty-eight hold firstclass certificates* 
 Eighteen of these are employed in the towns and villages and 
 twenty are in the country schools. Sixty-five have second-class 
 certificates and twenty -seven have third-class certificates. 
 
 The number of scholars in the county between the ages of five 
 and twenty -one, as indicated by secretaries' reports, is 4999. 2564 
 are males, 2435 are females. This statement may vary from the 
 facts somewhat, as in a number of instances the secretaries wrote 
 that they had failed to ascertain the exact number in their respec- 
 tive districts. I regret that this should be true. A little effort on 
 the part of each officer will give a correct report. Further informa- 
 tion from the same source shows the average attendance to be 2325, 
 or about forty -six per cent of the number of school age. Of course 
 many of school age do not attend at all, so that the average daily 
 attendance compared with the enrollment is much larger. It, how- 
 ever in some instances falls below fifty per cent. 
 
 The average cost per month for each pupil is about SI. 68. This 
 refers to the amount paid teachers. Contingent expenses raise it 
 to more than two dollars per scholar. In one district the amount 
 per scholar per month was $4.57; in another $4.50. In a number of 
 instances it amounted to over three dollai"8. 
 
 Not unfrequently this record is made where there are enough 
 children in the disti«t for a good school if they would (or could) 
 •attend. 
 
 When we remember that our public schools cost us between 
 
\ ' ■ HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 185 
 
 $8,000 atid $10,000 yearly, in addition to the amount permaiieiitly 
 invested in school property, it is a question of deep interest 
 whether they are giviurg us the results we have a right to ex- 
 pect. 
 
 In instances not a few, a good teacher is devoting her time to 
 five or six pupils while there are eight, ten, or fifteen more in the 
 neighborhood who ought to be in school. 
 
 Of our teachers, about forty are males and ninety are females. 
 Cases of trouble in school have been very rare indeed within the 
 last^year. In many of the country schools ladies are doing as effi- 
 cient work as the men (in winter as well as in summer). 
 
 We have at present many good, true teachers in the county. 
 On them do we depend largely for the successful issue of the graded 
 
 system. 
 
 The subject of wages has received some attention the last year. 
 A willingness to pay good teachers for their labor is more manifest. 
 In the district townships Utica, Jacksonville and Deerfield have 
 taken the lead, Utica pays $24, $27 and $30, according to grade of 
 certificate. Jackson^dlle is but S3 behind on first-class certificates 
 and $2 on the others 
 
 Deerfield pays thirty dollars to most of her teachers indiscrim- 
 inately. We know of three teachers in independent districts 
 (country schools)who receive thirty-five dollars per month. A few 
 received thirty-two dollars, and many thirty dollars. We respect- 
 fully suggest that it would be well to grade the wages in all the 
 districts in the county. Where this is done a manifest injustice is 
 frequently worked. 
 
 I am pleased to note that our first class teachers are in stronger 
 demand. They are found to be far cheaper even when paid five to 
 ten dollars more per month. 
 
 There have been three new school houses built within the last 
 year. One in Jacksonville, one in New Hampton, and one at 
 
 North Washington. Better houses are being built. 
 Our annual institute had an enrollment of one hundred and 
 
186 
 
 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 three. Young men find it almost impossible to attend in the 
 Bummer season. They furnish part of the money to sustain the 
 institute, and (by their request) I think an arrangment for a session 
 of one week in March for those who cannot attend next summer, 
 and for young aspirants who will enter the work for the first time 
 next spring. In many cases they have had no preparation for 
 teaching whatever. 
 
 I have endeavored in this annual report to state the condition 
 and prospects of our public schools as nearly as possible. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 18T 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Census at Various Dates; Abstract of Assessment Rolls; 
 Value op Property in County, Etc. 
 
 The census returns of the assessors, as made at a special term of 
 the county court, July 21st, 1856, were as follows: 
 
 Bradford 589 
 
 Chickasaw 508 
 
 Deerfield 325 
 
 Obispo 488 
 
 Richland Ill 
 
 Yankee ; 522 
 
 Total enumeration of Chickasaw county 2 543 
 
 The returns for 1857 were: 
 
 Deerfield 263 
 
 North Washington 179 
 
 Obispo (part) 333 
 
 Stapleton 225 
 
 Obispo (part) 335 
 
188 HISTORY OF CHICKLASAW COTXNTY. 
 
 New Hampton 256 
 
 Dayton 136 
 
 Chickasaw 504 
 
 Bradford 987 
 
 Richland and Fredericksburg 786 
 
 Total enumeration of Chickasaw county 4 024 
 
 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS OP CHICKASAW COUNTY FOR 1859. 
 
 No. of males 2 033 
 
 No. of females 1 783 
 
 Total population 3 816 
 
 No. entitled to vote....: 914 
 
 No of militia 793 
 
 No. of foreigners not naturalized 144 
 
 No of children between the ages of five and t-wenty- 
 
 one yeai-s , 1 249 
 
 No. of acres of improved lands 12 754^ 
 
 No. of acres of unimproved lands 299 570 J 
 
 No. of acres of sorghum 461 
 
 No. of gallons of mollasses from sorghum 2 887 
 
 No of acres of orchards 81i 
 
 No of tons of hay from Hungarian grass 3 
 
 No. of acres of meadow 639 J 
 
 No. of tons of hay 8 684 
 
 No. of bushels of grass seed 29i 
 
 No of acres of spring wheat 3 032 
 
 No. of bushels of spring wheat harvested 10 425 
 
 No. of acres of winter wheat 10 
 
 No. bushels of winter wheat harvested 13 
 
 No. of acresof oats'. 1 711 J 
 
 No. of btishels of oats harvested 14 514 
 
 No. of acres of coriu 3 153i 
 
 No. of bushels of corn harvested 53 821 
 
 No. of of acres of potatoes 317 
 
 No. of bushels of potatoes harvested 13 519 
 
 No. of hogs sold 569 
 
 Value of h-ogs sold $2 81840 
 
 No. of cattle sold, 674 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 189 
 
 Value of cattlesold , $14 292 
 
 No. of pounds of butter manufactured 71 234 
 
 No. of pounds of cheese manufacture ^ 10 111 
 
 No. of pounds of wool grown 2 226 
 
 Value of domestic manufactures $363 
 
 Value of general manufactures $4 020 
 
 Value of agricultural implements f $17 390 
 
 No. of dwelling houses 772 
 
 No. of families 772 
 
 The whole number of inhabitantants in Chickasaw county, ac- 
 cording to the return of the United States mxirshal, appointed to 
 take the census of the county, in 1860, was 4,740. 
 
 The following is a consolidated report from the assessment of 
 the county as returned for the year 1879: 
 
 Polls. 2,910 
 
 Acres of land 316,070 
 
 Town property 
 
 No. of cattle. 15,420 
 
 No. of horses 6,790 
 
 No. of mules 127 
 
 Na. of sheep 1,740 
 
 No. of swine 7,995 
 
 No. of vehicles taxable 311 
 
 Merchandise 
 
 M9,nulactures 
 
 Monies and credits 
 
 Other taxabl property 
 
 Or a total of all property of $2,401,242.00 to which 
 added those articles of p^^oj^erty exempt from taxation, viz: $67,- 
 748-.00 making a grand total of $2,468,990.00 as being the wealtli 
 of the county for that year. 
 
 The report, from the assessment sheet, for 1881, shows as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 No. of pons 2,874 Value 
 
 Aci-esofl»iid 3H315 " $1725 724 
 
 Town property...., " 134 934 
 
 No.ofcattle 16,244 " 159 755 
 
 No. of lK)i-ses , . 7,241 " 186 456 
 
 alue $1 
 
 809 475 00 
 
 ■U 
 
 156 632 00 
 
 
 107 926 00 
 
 
 187 275 00 
 
 
 3 863 00 
 
 
 1 261 00 
 
 
 7 911 00 
 
 
 5 311 00 
 
 
 51 477 00 
 
 
 4 490 00 
 
 
 73 315 00 
 
 
 7 194 00 
 
 to which 
 
 should be 
 
190 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 No. of mules 103 
 
 No. of sheep 1,601 
 
 No. of swine 6,796 
 
 No of vehicles taxable. . . . 299 
 
 Merchandise 
 
 Maufactures 
 
 Monies and credits 
 
 Other property 
 
 $23 537 41 
 According to the report of the census marshal who took the 
 census of 1880 — there were in the county in that year 14,537 in- 
 habitants of all ages, sex and color. The town of New Hampton 
 being credited with 1,147, Nashua 1,116, and Lawler 487, the bal- 
 ance being distributed throughout the rural districts and smaller 
 towns. 
 
 cc 
 
 3 022 
 
 <c 
 
 1 601 
 
 (( 
 
 9 772 
 
 tt 
 
 4 787 
 
 
 44 288 
 
 
 3 140 
 
 
 67 754 
 
 
 12 508 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 191 
 
 CHAPTET VIII. 
 
 Bradford Township; Location; Early Settlement; Village 
 OF Bradford; Nashua; Settlements; Churches; Schools; 
 Societies; Etc. 
 
 BRADFORD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The history of Bradford township, in the days of the pioneers, 
 is closely allied to that of the county, and the history of the latter 
 is the history of the former, inasmuch that there we find 
 the first hardy settlers, who located in that vicinity, when aU the 
 balance of the county lay in its primeval solitude. 
 
 Its territory embraces all of township 94 north, 14 west, and com- 
 prises 36 sections. It is plentifully watered by the Cedar and 
 Little Cedar, with their affluents in the west, and Two Mile run 
 and its branches, in the east. On the former are several very fine 
 mill sites, which have been improved. The Cedar Falls and 
 Minnesota branch of the Illinois Central railroad, traverse a small 
 part of it having, a depot at the city of Nashua; the only impor- 
 tant, but not the oldest town in the district. 
 
 Long prior to any settlement, within the boundary of the present 
 county, there was a trading post and station, and an Indian bury- 
 
192 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 ing ground, near where the town of Bradford now stands, and 
 about the year 1840, a Mr. Wheeler had obtained a contract 
 from the government, to break up and fence, some 400 acres of 
 land for the Indians to cultivate; it being the intention of the go v- 
 ermnent to treat it as a reservation for some Winnebago Indians. 
 The breaking being done, during the summer of that year. His 
 employes, who did the work were, Barber, McCormick, Gilmore, 
 two brothers named Benson, Joe Parsons and of the latter we have 
 gained the knowledge of these facts. Parsons reports that, at that 
 time, the country abounded in all kinds of large game; bears, elk, 
 and deer, and the streams were filled with fish; he shortly left the 
 county and went back to Illoinis,' where he staid until about 1861, 
 when be returned, and settled in the southern part of Richland 
 township, where he still resides. 
 
 In the following winter Mr. Wheeler and his sons returned, and 
 engaged in making the rails and fencing in the ground. It was a 
 moet beautiful tract of land, and well fenced. The next year the In- 
 dians were brought on to the land, but the experiment indulged 
 in by the government, like many others proved a failure, the 
 Indians being unprovident and disinclined to work. Prairie fires 
 destroyed the fences, and soon all went to decay and ruin. The 
 trading post referred to above was a log house and stood at the 
 south end of the grove on,what is now known as the Cagley estate. 
 The above could hardly be called a settlement, as no white fami- 
 liee located then, bu-t in the year 1848, Truman Merritt settled, 
 with his family, on the east side of the Little Cedar, near where 
 Greenwood now is.- Here then he built 'his family mansion, of the 
 logs from the trees that surrounded him and settled down a 
 pioneer of pioneers; here then was born unto him a daughter, in 
 1850, the first white child born in the county, who, after grow- 
 ing to womanhood, married Avery Earl, and still resides near the 
 city of Nashua. About 1851 some other settlers came into thje 
 township among whom we find the names of John and J. A. J. 
 Bird and Wm. Tucker, and followed shortly after by Edward 
 Jones arvl his sons Alexander and John, and Andrew Sample, 
 (.Ullet, Case and others. A son of Mr. Case, Elmer by name, 
 having been born in 1851, near Greenwood enjoys th§ distinction 
 of being the first male child born in the county. Tradition hath 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 193 
 
 it that about the year 1850 there came into the'county a man "by 
 the "vame of DeForest, he was an old bachelor and lived as a 
 heiu.it in the woods, and pursued the avocation of hunter, and 
 trapper, he afterwards moved into Bradford, where he died, but 
 in what year "deponent saith not." The brothers John and J. A. 
 J. Bird settled at the place where the town of Bradford was subse- 
 quently platted, and the emigrants that arrived during 1851 and 
 '52 seem for the most part to have S'elected that vicinity, here then 
 grew a town just above the junction of the two Cedar rivei-s, which 
 was, by the expectation of those early settlers to, be the com- 
 ing metropolis of the west, a Chicago of the Iowa prairies, but 
 their hopes were far from realization, and although the town has 
 one of the most beautiful locations in the county, still its glory 
 has departed, and it hides its diminished head and awaits calndy 
 the end. Here in 1854 was located the county seat which distinc- 
 tion Bi'adford held until 1857 when the seat of justice was taken 
 to New Hampton. 
 
 We find that in tbie year 1852 Peter Perkins and Kaufman 
 
 located at Bradford, and should be enrolled among the names «f 
 those early settlers, we liave tried to rescue from oblivion, as should 
 also that of Samuel Brink, who can?e in 1853. In 1852, according to 
 most accounts, the first school was opened, but by whom tauglit 
 has passed from the memory of the oldest inhabitant. 
 
 The first court house was built at Bradford, in 1854, and was 
 the primitive log house, without ceiling, common to the ai'^hitec- 
 ture of those early days, and in it were held all the public meet- 
 ings. James Lyon was the first county judge. 
 
 The first and second sermons ever preached in Chick- 
 asaw county were by an itinerent Methodist minist(n-, by the 
 name of Ingam, at the house of John Bird, tlie tliird by 
 a Mr. Coleman, a Congregational minister, — these in the 
 year 1853. Afterwalds a few sermons were preache<i by A. D. 
 Babcock, a Baptist minister, but the first church society oi-gan- 
 ized was at Bradford, in the fall of 1855, and was Congregational 
 in denomination, and of which tiie Rev. O. Littlefield was the first 
 pastor. This church being the oldest in the county, will be more 
 fully referred to elsewhere. A good story, illustrating the rough- 
 ness of the times, is told regarding the second sermon, of Mr. In- 
 
194 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 gam. It serins that a portion, and a large one at that, of the 
 men seemed to take offence at something he had reproved them 
 for in in his first sermon, gave out that if he attempted to repeat 
 it, he should receive a drubbing, but not detered by their threats, 
 he assayed to speak the second sermon, as we have said, at the 
 house of John Bird, as soon as he liad begiin an ominous 
 gathering of men was seen to approach, each armed with a club 
 and headed by Andrew Sample, a typical frontiersman, who could 
 out swear, out drive, wade through more snow, and was fuller of 
 energy than "any other man," and who hnd been loudest in 
 in his denunciations. The crowd approached and instead 
 of at once proceeding to hostilities — remained to listen awhile, 
 and something the speaker said so touched the firey heart, of their 
 leader, that on the conclusion of the services, he approached Mr. 
 Ingam, and putting out his brawny fist, swore that he s hould 
 preach there when ever he d — ned pleased, and he would lick the 
 man who dared deny him, and throwing away his club called on 
 his companions to do likewise, and Mrs. Bird gathered up enough 
 of them, next day to answer for stove wood for sometime. 
 
 The above Andrew Sample was the first sheriff, of the county, 
 and was one of the most prominent men in the infant settlement, 
 having done as much or more than any other man, in developing 
 that region of country, he finally returned to his native state, 
 
 Missouri, where he now resides. 
 In 1854 it was the only town in the county, and continued to be the 
 
 leading one until 1860, since which time it has steadily retrograd- 
 ed, until it has become almost the "deserted village" of the plains. 
 The town was platted on land belonging to the Birds,, and they for 
 many years were the most prominent citizens. The township was 
 organized by Jno. and J. A. J. Bird and others by order of the county 
 court, in March, 1855, and comprised of township 94 ranges 13 and 
 14 or what now are known as Bradford and Richland townships, 
 but at the March term of said court in 1856, the latter was sepera- 
 ted from Bradford, and organized as Richland township. 
 
 Here we should notice, that the church, erected in Bradford in 
 the early days of the county's history, by the Congregational 
 society, still stands one of the landmarks of that section — still its 
 spire pointing upward seems the monitor bidding all prepare for 
 that journey all must take. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 195 
 
 W. S. Pitts, M. D., of Fredericksburg, has made it immorta 
 through that beautiful song, "The Little Brown Church in the 
 Vail." Sevices are still held in it, the Rev. C. A. Marshal, of 
 Nashua, being the ofliciating clergyman. 
 
 According to the best accounts the first store, in the village of 
 Bradford, was kept by J. A. J. Bird who afterwards sold it out to a 
 Mrs. Chapman ; it was but a small affair at the best, and was noted 
 for never having much of any stock, but it deserves a place in his- 
 tory, as the first attempt at merchandising in the township; the 
 date, however, when it was opened is in considerable doubt, but 
 was probably about 1853. After this Pooler and Nicholas opened 
 a lai-ger and more pretentious store, followed shortly by Fritcher 
 and Marinus, both kept dry goods, groceries, boots and shoes, 
 hardware, drugs, and everything else. There was also about this 
 
 time a, store by Eastman of the same general charcater. We 
 
 have been assured that, the first store after Mr. Bird's was kept by 
 Haskell and Mandeville, but of this there seems to be S(ime doubt; 
 but in 1855 they were among the merchants, along with Leland 
 and Sample, the latter firm however confining themselves to cloth- 
 ing and groceries, Haskell and Hubbell, A. W. Billings and 
 Lonson Covey, were also among the merchants of those early 
 days. 
 
 These were succeeded by several others, but E. R. Dickerson 
 alone remains of all, and at the present writing, is the sole merchant 
 in the village. 
 
 A saw mill was erected, at Bradford, by Andrew Sample, in the 
 year 1854, but which was afterwards moved aAvay on the dam 
 being washed out by a freshet. Two steam mills were afterwards 
 erected, one by the Bird Bros, and the other by Haskell and 
 Mitchell, but both were destroyed by fire in a few years. 
 
 A hotel was erected by Geo. Brunson in 1854, and has been 
 known as the Brunson House to this day, it was originally a small 
 frame building, but has liad numerous additions built on. Prior 
 to this Dan'l. Fritcher had a log building, where he had day 
 boarders, and sold meals to the weary travellers, who came into 
 town, for in those days this town was the general stopping j^lace 
 for all of the stage lines, and for emigrants, seeking a home in the 
 boundless west. 
 
196 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 The first Blacksmith and wagon maker, was Wm. Dow, who wai 
 the foreman in a shop erected^and o^med by the hotel keeper, Geo, 
 Brnnson, but almost simiiltaneousl}^, the Ellis Bros., opened 
 another shop for the same business, and Peter Perkins an- 
 other; it is in considerablekiispute which of these last named was 
 first. 
 
 "Pigs Eye" was the euphonious name of the leading saloon of 
 those early days, was kept by a man by the name of Dodge, a 
 small, detbrmed individual, ^since dead. Although prior to hi» 
 establishing himself, a man'*|by^the name of Herbert had a small 
 saloon, which is belived to have been the first in the town- 
 ship. 
 
 About 1856, when the minds of all were excited, with the 
 growing importance of the toAvn, a large three story hotel was 
 partially erected, but it was never enclosed, and long stood, a 
 monument to the fallacy of human foresight, and was known to 
 all for many years, as "Brink's Folly," after the man who essayed 
 to build it. It finally, was torn down and used for kindling 
 wood. 
 
 Henry Johnson was the first justice of the peace, and a rough 
 uncouth specimen he was, many irreverent storys are told of him, 
 among others, is related, that the.first oath in the township was 
 administered by him, under the following circumstances: A man 
 named Horton, being arrested for stealing hogs,was brought before 
 Johnson for trial, who at once proceeded to swear the prisoner, in 
 a manner unprecedented, and probably unequalled in the annals 
 of justice. 
 
 "By the uplifted hand of Almighty God, did you steel those 
 hogs ? if you did, you hope to be teetototally, G — d-d — ned. So 
 help you God." 
 
 History doth not record his answer, but it is to be supposed 
 that the tremendous force ot the oath brought the necessary con- 
 fession from the criminal, if criminal he was. 
 
 The first physician who located at Bradford was a "root and 
 herb doctor," as he was called, whose name was S. 0. Haynes, who 
 located there about 1855. He was an eccentric genius, and drove 
 instead of horses, a pair of Elk harnessed to his wagon or sleigh. 
 In 1856, Dr. S. S. Troy, a regular practitioner, came to Bradford 
 
' HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 1 97 
 
 and entered up on the duties of his profession, which proved 
 quite lucrative, liere he staid healing the sick, and succoring ttie 
 wounded, until he entered the service of the government in the 
 great Cival war, as Leiut. of Co. H. 4th Iowa Calvalry, afterwards 
 promoted to Captain; when he trurned from the front, he located 
 at Nashua, where he still resides, being engaged in practice of 
 medicine, and the senior partner in the- drug house of Troy and 
 Mon-ison. 
 
 NASHUA. 
 
 This most important and prosperous town is located on the 
 Cedar river, opposite the mouth of the Little Cedar; immediately 
 north of it lies a heavy body of timber. On ground high enough to 
 be above all fear of a flood, yet with a gentle inclination eastward, 
 and amply protected from the prevailiug high winds, by high 
 ground crested with woods. 
 
 Most valuable and excellent water power is afforded by the 
 Cedar river, on the north of the town, and the Greeley flouring 
 mill, thereon erected, is said to be one of the best in this section. 
 
 A fine broad and well graded street, one block west of the track 
 of the C. F. and M. Divison of the Illinois Centrol R. R. is lined with 
 substantial buisness houses, many of them quite ornamental, brick 
 and stone being the favorite, materal of which they are built. The 
 residence portion of the city lies west of this, and many handsome 
 nay palatial, mansions, adorn, and are adorned by the beautiful 
 groves of the trees in Avhich they are embowered. Broad avenues 
 lined with trees, lie before the eye and excuse the pride its inhab- 
 itants take in their town. Andreas State atlas, says of this 
 city. 
 
 "A large section of surrounding country in Chickasaw and Floyd 
 and Bremer counties contributes to the commercial importance 
 of the place. This portion of the Cedar Valley justly celebrated 
 for its productiveness, and the advanced state of improvement 
 which it displays. Here in the midst of such a country, with no 
 important town nearer than Waverly in one dirction and Charles 
 City in the other, Nashua is most advantageously situed to draw 
 the mercantile trade, and the grain of the country to its market 
 foj shipment or manufacture from a wide distance. 
 
198 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 "The business of the town is extensive and continually increasing. 
 
 It embraces a large number of good mercantile houses, in all 
 
 branches, shops of nearly all descriptions, good hotels, foundry, 
 
 bank, printing office, dealers in grain, farming implements, lumber 
 
 etc., etc. It is represented by a liberal array of talent in the legal 
 
 and medical professions. 
 
 "The town has several church organizations, and good houses of 
 
 worship. Its public schools are well maintained, and graded upon 
 a most efficient system, employing a principal and three or more 
 assistants as instructors. They are provided with a commodious 
 and well furnished pubic school building which affords ample facil- 
 ities for the purpose. 
 
 "Excellent building stone is found in quarries convenient to the 
 town, and an abundance of good brick manufactured near by." 
 
 Among the first to settle on the site of the now town of Nashua 
 
 we find the name of Mr. John Hall, who came here in the summer 
 
 of 1854, when there was but one log house, and erected a frame 
 
 building, but no sash or doors could be had nearer than McGregor, 
 
 and he and his family were compelled to pass the winter in it 
 
 without the necessary protection against the wintry blasts. In 
 
 1855 several more families moved in, and among them were those 
 
 of Jas. Helms, George O'Donnell, H. Hall, J. D. Hall, Jacob Hall, 
 
 Edward Hall, Owen Teeney, John O'Donnell, Hugh O'Donnell, 
 
 Jas. Welch and Enoch Woodbridge (universally known as Deacon 
 
 Woodbridge). The land belonged to Andrew Sample, but selling or 
 
 trading a half interest to Enoch Woodbridge, they platted a town, 
 
 and called it at first Bridgeport, but it was shortly afterward 
 
 changed to Woodbridge, but was altered to its present name by E. 
 
 P. and C. Greeley, after Nashua, N. H. 
 
 The man who first essayed to start a store was Smiley Sample, 
 
 a brother of Andrew, who had a small place where he dispensed 
 
 groceries and liquors, this was in the spring of 1856, although it is 
 
 claimed by some that E. P. Greeley had the first store where 
 
 every thing was kept. Mr. Greeley started his place in the same 
 
 year at any rate. B T. Hall now a resident of the town being his 
 
 clerk, business however becoming good he was followed shortly 
 
 afterwards by others, and we find among the merchants, who 
 
 Baught the patronage of the people in 1857, and 8, the following 
 
 names: Veter and Rupe, general merchandise, Trott and Green, 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 199 
 
 dry goods and groceries, Geo. T. Butterfield, Enoch Woodbridge 
 Elihu Hall, Geo. H. Fountain and Jas. A. Webster. In 1857 
 Andrew Sample erected a grist mill which stood for ten years when 
 it was torn down, for tlie erection of the Greeley mill. 
 
 John Hall was the first carpenter and millright, and with him 
 may be named, Stephenson, the date of whose location was almost 
 identical; John Butler was the first blacksmith, John Colt the first 
 wagon-maker. 
 
 During the year 1856, A. D. Babcock a free-will Baptist preached 
 at the house of John Hall, there being no church. 
 
 W. Read was the first shoemaker in Nashua and this disciple of 
 Crispin located himself here about 1855. 
 
 The city of Nashua was incorporated under the law of the state 
 of Iowa in 1867, we give a copy of the petition for said incorpora- 
 tion presented to the board of supervisors June 8rd 1867. 
 
 To the honorable board of Supervisors of Chickasaw county, 
 Iowa.' 
 
 We, the undersigned residents and legal voters within the 
 following described territory, being anxious that the same should 
 be incorporated, and that we may enjoy the privileges conferred 
 by the statute of Iowa upon corporated towns, petition your 
 honorable body asking that the following territory be set apart for 
 that purpose, namely : 
 
 The south half of section 18, excepting tha north-east of the 
 southeast quarter. The north half of section 19. The west half of the 
 north west quarter of section 20 and west half of the south west 
 quarter of section 17, the same containing seven hundred and 
 sixty acres (760) in township ninety-four range fourteen and 
 includeing witliin it the prpsent part of Nashua as recorded, in 
 the recorder's office of Chickasaw county, Iowa, and appended 
 hereunto is a map or plat of said territory. 
 
 And we further ask that the name of such incorporated town 
 be Nashua. And we hereby appoint and authorize the following 
 named persons to present this petition to your honorable body viz: 
 E. D. Woodbridge, R. M. Nevins, E. P. Greeley, S. P. Leland, 
 Andy Felt, S. W. Byers and John Coler. In the hopes that our 
 humble petition may be granted by your honorable body we sub- 
 scribe our names here unto. 
 
 Signed by S. P. Spindler and 36 others. 
 
200 HISTORY OP CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 The board of supervisors took immediate action on the above, and 
 by a vote, the prayer was granted, and steps were taken to perfect the 
 incorporation. 
 
 In 1868 Rosenbaum Bros, opened a banking office which was 
 most successfully conducted until 1870, when a stock company 
 was formed, who bought out the above firm (they retaining some 
 interest) and organized the bank of Nashua. 
 
 In 1877 a bank was started in a small way by A. J. Felt, who 
 continued it until in March, 1879, when the First National bank 
 was organized with a capital of $60,000 A. G. Case Pres., A. J. Felt 
 jcashier. In January, 1880, deeining that one bank was sufficient 
 for the needs of the community, the bank of Nashua was merged 
 into the First National bank. Shortly after which A. J. Felt 
 retiring Amos Case became cashier. 
 
 Aug. 1st 1880 Louis Slimmer cashier of the Butler Co. bank, 
 Clarksville, Iowa, and Lipman Loser late cashier of the bank of 
 Nashua, opened a banking office under the firm name of Loser and 
 Slimmer, which has proved more than successful, and is one of 
 the prominent business houses of the city. 
 
 The first grist mill in Nashua, was one built in 1857, by Andrew 
 Sample, J. S. Hall and T. Ervin, being the carpenters and mill-right. 
 This mill stood for eight years and was torn down by E. P. Greeley 
 to build the present fine one which enjoys the reputation of being 
 one of the best in the northern part of the state. It is a large 
 frame structure with stone basement, built in a substantial and 
 workman-like manner. Has six run of stone, and does a large 
 buisness. A new feed mill has recently been added. 
 
 For many years this part of the county possessed a fine agricul- 
 tural society, but about two years ago the corporation puchased 
 the groun s for a public driving park where the owners of 
 trotting stociv could exercise their fleet steppers, thus freeing the 
 streets of their racing and allowing the ordiances against fast driv- 
 ing to be more vigorously enforced. We have endeavored to get 
 hold of the records of the agricultural sooiety but have been un- 
 able to do so. 
 
 The first school was taught in a little shanty in the eastern part 
 of the town of Nashua in 1856 by Miss Maggie Nichols, an adopted 
 daughter of Enoch Woodbridge, and out of this small beginning 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 201 
 
 "has grown the present fine schools of the town, of which see else- 
 where- 
 
 A steam saw mill was built by Charles Greeley, on the outskirts 
 ■of the town, in the year 1858, which was afterward purchased by a 
 Mr. Fisk, who removed it to some place in the state of Minne- 
 sota. 
 
 A hotel the first in the town of Nashua was erected by Montgom- 
 ery in the year 1857, J. S. Hall being the contracting carpenter. 
 It was considered a wonderful affair in its time and if we consider 
 its surroundings perhaps it was. Like many another hotel, it has 
 had varying fortunes and having changed hands a number of times 
 is now conducted by J. D. Noyelles who makes a model land- 
 lord. 
 
 The Patterson House is of more recent date, having been altered 
 from a dwelling and largely added to in 1873. The picturesque 
 site of the hotel, standing back from the street and embowered in 
 trees, makes it peculiarly striking, which added to the really good 
 accommodations afforded and the presence of "mine jolly host," J. 
 W. Patterson, invites the weary traveler to stop and rest. 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. 
 
 The Congregational church at Nashua was organized July 7th, 
 1866, its charter members being: 
 
 P. F. May and wife, W. R. Cheney and wife, H. Fountain and 
 Mrs. Hannah Fountain, Mrs. Edw. Hall, Mrs. Enoch Hall, Mrs. 
 Alic. Stocks, Mrs. Selah Billings, Henry Baker and wife and Ira 
 Mead. 
 
 Hiram Fountain was the first deacon of the church and Rev. J. 
 K. Nutting of the Bradford church the first acting preacher. 
 
 Rev. R. J. Williams began his labors'as pastor in 1868, and was 
 succeeded in 1870 by Rev. M. B. Page, a devoted minister of 
 Christ, whose walk was a fit example of his teaching, and who 
 died on the field. The present church edifice was erected in 1870, 
 at a cost of $3,500. 
 
 In 1882 it was repaired, repainted, fenced and otherwise im- 
 proved and adorned, and is now a very neat and comfortable place 
 of worship. 
 
 The Rev. W. B. Page was followed in the pastorate by the Rev. 
 J. G. Spencer and he was succeeded by Rev. L. D. Boynton, who 
 
202 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUKTY. 
 
 remained with the church, and ministered to their spiritual needs 
 for five years. 
 
 In the same year Aaron Dodge was elected deacon, and with the • 
 venerable P. F. May, has remained the faithful deacon of the 
 church to the present day. 
 
 Rev. L. D. Boynton retired from the care of this flock in 1878,. 
 and in February, 1880, the present pastor. Rev. C. A. Marshall 
 commenced his labors in the vineyard of the Lord; supplying the 
 two pulpits of Bradford and Nashua. To the last named gentle- 
 man we are indebted for these facts, which he has kindly furnish- 
 ed at the expense of time and trouble. 
 
 METIIODIS'r CHURCH. 
 
 This is one of the finest church edifices in the county, if not in- 
 this part of the state, and deserves more than a passing mention. 
 It was erected in 1878, at a cost of $12,000 and we are given to un- 
 derstand is nearly paid for. Red pressed brick with trimmings of 
 cream colored stone is the material used, and the architect has so 
 skillfully blended the gothic with the renaissance order of archi- 
 tecture that the effect is more than pleasing. And standing on ele- 
 vated ground, is the most prominent feature that strikes the eye. 
 
 Inside the same good taste prevails, the painting being in those 
 light creamy tints that blend so beautil\illy with the pale brown, 
 with which it is diversified. A fine double banked chandelier 
 lights up the auditorium, and stained glass windows add to the 
 rich effect. 
 
 The main room will comfortably seat some 350 people, and al 
 ready the membership numbers 220. Rev. E. S. Thorpe is the 
 present pastor, and under his administration the church is pros- 
 pering finely. 
 
 ROMAN •CATHOLIC CHURCH 
 
 was organized in 1873, and the edifice was built in the same year, 
 and is a neat and substantial frame building. The Rev. Father 
 McGrath of Charles City, having charge of the spiritual welfare 
 the Hock. 
 
 EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 Owing to there being no present rector of this church, we were 
 unable to procure any reliable data in regard to it, but simply 
 notice that "there is such an organization. 
 
 ■ SCHOOL. 
 
 A fine large brick building, surrounded by a fine play ground^ 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 203 
 
 •and shaded by noble trees, and situated in the pleasantest part of 
 the town, stands the school house, And when S]:)eaking of it the 
 eye of the citizen lights up with concious pride for it is regarded 
 by all as the finest one in the county, both by reason of the build- 
 ing and the high grade and excellency of the teaching. 
 
 There are three grades, viz: primary, grammer and high school. 
 The primary and grammer departments consist each of four 
 grades, the high school of three; the whole course is intended to • 
 occupy the term of eleven years, and the graduates from its higher 
 branches, can readily, without any intermediate study, enter our 
 state university, or any other college of like standing. 
 
 The principal, Mr. Henry Felker, is spoken of as one peculiarly 
 fitted for the responsible position which he holds, and is assisted 
 by six lady teachers, whose standing in the profession is second 
 to none. 
 
 The text books used are, Appleton's readers, Robinson's arith- 
 metics, Reed and Kellogg's lessons. Harper's geographies, Quack- 
 enbos' History of the United States, and the Spencerian system of 
 penmanshi]i. The aim of the board and principal has been to de- 
 velope as near a perfect mode of instruction as is compatable with 
 strictly practical view of life and its duties. 
 
 The board of school directers for the independent school district 
 of Nashua, in 1880-1 was: 
 R. A. Flemming, President. 
 Wm. B. Perrin, Secretary. 
 I. H. Bradford, Treasurer. 
 
 . BOARD. 
 
 A. G. Lawrence, Geo. T. Bellamy, 
 R. A. Flemming, A. J. Felt, 
 
 W. A. Williams, H. T. Dexter, 
 
 The present officers and directors are: 
 H. H. Hopkins, President. 
 
 B. A. Billings, Secretary. 
 L. Ijoeser, Treasurer. 
 
 BOARD. 
 
 R. H. Fairbain, H. H. Hopkins, 
 
 R. M. Nevins, A. A. Turner, 
 
 E. R. Richardson. H. T. Dexter. 
 
 Anchor Lodge, No. 89 A. 0. U. W. was organized in Nashua 
 
204 ' HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 Dec, 22d, 1876 with fourteen charter members. The officers chosen 
 at that meethio- wore: P. M. W., W. A. Williams; M. W., E. C. 
 Weeks; G. F., II. A. Flemming; Overseer, H. H. Conklin; Guide, 
 Geo. C. Willard; Udr, J. A. Weeks; Financier, H. A. Hopkins; 
 Keceiver, Wm. Lester; J. W., C. W. Strohn; 0. W., J. H. Mitchell. 
 The lodge has prospered well ever since its inception and^ report 
 with an average membership of twenty eight, in the six years 
 of its existence there had occurred but one death to mar the per- 
 fect circle of fraternity that bind them together. The membership 
 to-day is tliirty-threc and the oliicers, Jos. F. Grawe, P. M. W.; 
 W. IS. Skinner, M. W.; T. Aired, Foreman; Jas llershberg, Overseer; 
 Geo. C. Millard; Rdr., Thos. S. -Bradford; Financier, H. T. Dex- 
 ter, Receiver; 0. S. Wherland, O. and J. W. 
 
 MASONIC. 
 
 The masonic lodge was organized by Dr.S. S. Troy, master un- 
 der a dispensation, in June, 1869, with^twenty-two charter mem- 
 bers. It now consists of about sixty brothers in good standing. 
 Has a line hall, lifted up in a good style, for the celebration of 
 the rites of the order. The chapter was organized in 1871 and has 
 a healthly growth. 
 
 NASHUA POST. 
 
 This newspaper was established in the fall of 1869, it is believed, 
 but in the absence of liles it is not beyond a mere })eradventure. 
 Andy J. Felt was the original proprietor and sole editor until 1873, 
 when tlie ollice was purchased by Jos. F. Grawe, who still continues 
 in its editoral chair. The Post is a six-column quarto with patent 
 insides, and is published weekly. The mechanical work is well 
 and neatly done, and editorial department well conducted. In 
 political complexion it is strongely republican, and is the only 
 paper i)ublished in the town. The ofiice is well supplied Avith 
 material, and kee])s four compositors busily at work. The ])aper re- 
 ceives liberal patronage both in its advertising department and in 
 the job work department. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 205 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 New Hampton Township. 
 
 A write-up of New Hampton, town and township, should be a 
 fair reflex of the difficulties attending western settlements; not 
 that there were unusual obstacles in the way, or that there were 
 privations, or dangers, beyond those commonly met with under 
 similar circumstances; in fact it is but a record of the upbuilding of 
 a prosperous community, upon the bleak bosom of the boundless 
 prairie, witli little or no adventitious aid and with no attempts at 
 what the distinctively American language terms boondng. 
 
 The records of New Hampton township date back to April 6th, 
 1857, bearing which date the following record appears: 
 
 "Township 95-12 was organized under the name of New Hamp- 
 ton township, on the 6th day of April, A. D. 1857, by virtue of a 
 warrant issued to David Edwards, by Lorenzo Bailey, County 
 Judge of Chickasaw county. Attest H. Gurley, Clerk of Elec- 
 tion." 
 
 On the first Monday of April, 1857, an election, was held at the 
 house of David Edwan's, the board being organized by S. M. 
 Prentice, Esq . of Ilichland township. 
 
206 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 Gideon Gardner, Jolni Patten and Homer Hamlin were the 
 judges, and David Edwards and Harrison Gurley clerks of the 
 election. The following persons were elected to their respective 
 offices: Gideon Gardner and James Melenda, justices of the peace; 
 Oscar Carpenter andElias Marsh, constables; De Witt C. Chapman, 
 town clerk; Joseph Gardner, road supervisor; J. W. Vanauken, 
 Denizen Calkins, N. D. R. Cole, trustees. 
 
 The following officers were elected April 5th, 1857 : J. W. Van- 
 auken, Denizen Calkins, Daniel Shook, trustee; Dan Pepper, E. W. 
 Parker, constables; H. Gurley, township clerk. 
 
 April 24th, 1858 Gideon Gardner resigned the office of justice of 
 the peace, and the trustees appointed .Caleb Arnold to fill va- 
 cance. 
 
 ELECTION, OCTOBER, 1858. 
 
 Denizen Calkins, Daniel Shook, N. D. R. Cole, trustees; Caleb 
 Arnold, James Melenda justices of the peace ; B. E. Morton, con- 
 stable; D. W. C. Chapman, assessor; H. Gurley, township clerk. 
 
 OCTOBER, 1859. 
 Philip Vanorsdoll, G. W. Pepper, Edward Bell, trustees; H. 
 Gurley, clerk; A. L. Jackson, assessor; James E. Yaunce, justice 
 of the peace; M. C. Roby, D. W. C. Chapman, constables. 
 
 NOVEMBER, 1860. 
 
 Gideon Gardner, member board of supervisors; James E. Yaunce, 
 George A. Hamilton, justices of the peace; H. Gurley, clerk; A. D. 
 Jackson, assessor; Joseph Gardner, D. W. C Chapman, J. K. 
 Kronagar, trustees, for short term; Denizen Calkins, N. D. R. Cole, 
 Orlando Roberts, trustees for 1861; M. C. Roby, C. T. Craft, 
 constables. 
 
 OCTOBER, 1861, 
 
 N. D. R. Cole, David Edwards, J. K. Kronagar, trustees; E. G. 
 0. Groat, assessor; A. D. Jackson, Dan Pepper, constables; L. J. 
 Young, clerk. 
 
 OCTOBER, 1862 
 
 David Edwards, J. K. Kronagar, W. T. Paul, trustees; G. A. 
 Hamilton, Joseph Young, justices of the peace; L. J. Young, clerk; 
 G. A. Hamilton, assessor; J. D. Arnold, George Colby, con- 
 stables. 
 
 OCTOBER, 1863. 
 
 J. K. Kronagar, member board of sup3rvisors; David Edwards , 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 *207 
 
 W. T. Paul, A. T. Jackson, trustees; B. E. Morton, clerk; L. J. 
 Young, assessor; E. T. Runion, Dan Pepper, constables. 
 
 NOVEMBER, 1864 
 
 N. D. R. Cole, W. T. Paul, A. D .Jackson, trustees; G. A. 
 Hamilton, Joseph Young, justices of the peace; L. J. Young,clerk; 
 A. H. Bartlett, assessor; A. D. .Jackson, John Geer, con- 
 stables. 
 
 OCTOBER, 1865. 
 
 Gideon Gardner, member board of supervisors; W. T. Paul, 
 Myron Ives, Gilbert Vincent, trustees; W. Johnston, clerk; 
 E. W. Parker assessor; L. H. Phinney, John Geer, con- 
 stables. 
 
 OCTOBER, 1866. 
 
 P N. D.R. Cole A. D. Jackson, H. H. Gardner,trustees; L. J. Young 
 clerk; A. H. Bartlett, assessor; L. H. Phinney, Nelson Olds, 
 constables; G. A. Hamilton, H. J. Parker, justices of the 
 peace. 
 
 OCTOBER 1867. 
 D. A. Jackson, member board supervisors; M. Burgit, A. S. 
 Gardner, Joseph Young, trustees; G. A. Hamilton, assessor; 
 L. M., Smith, clerk; R. 0. Sheldon, constable. 
 
 NOVEMBER 1868 
 
 J.*R. Kenyon, Joseph Young, I. H. Minkler, trustees; Gideon 
 Gardner, J. Colby, justices of the peace; L. J. Young, assessor; 
 L. M. Smith, clerk; Gilbert Vincent, George Reynolds, con- 
 stables. 
 
 OCTOBER 1869 
 
 Gideon Gardner, member of the board of supervisors; I. H. 
 Minkler, Joseph Young, Don A. Jackson, trustees; W. Parker, 
 justice of the peace; Z. E. Barrett, assessor; L. M. Smith clerk; 
 George Reynolds, R. O. Sheldon, constables. 
 
 OCTOBER 1870 
 
 D. A. Jackson, W. E. Hurd, J. A. Mixer, trustees; J. M. Robin- 
 son, clerk; Z. E. Barrett, assessor; William Parker, S. J. Colby, 
 justices of the peace; G. H. Reynolds, R. 0. Sheldon, con- 
 stables. • 
 
 OCTOBER 1871 
 
 J. A. Mixer, D. A. Jackson, W. E. Hurd, members of board of 
 supervisors; D. B. Sneden, justice of the peace; Robert Shortley, 
 
208 HISTORY OP CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 assessor; E P. Sheffield, clerk; Smith Healey, R. O. Sheldon 
 constables. 
 
 NOVEMBER 1872. 
 
 W. E. Hurd, Don A. Jackson, I. H. Minkler, trustees; William 
 Parker, S. J. Colby, justices of the peace; Samuel Cotant^ 
 assessor; J. M. Robinson, clerk; A. H. Lillebridge; L. M. Smith 
 constables. 
 
 OCTOBER 1873. 
 
 I. H. Minkler, Robert Shortley, Hugh Kepler, trustees; 
 W. Parker, justice ofthe peace; E. P. Sheffield, assessor; J. M. Rob- 
 inson, clerk; 
 
 OCTOBER 1874 
 
 The records for this year are incomplete. D. B. Shelden and 
 John Mays were elected justices of the peace; and J. T. Jackson 
 constable. 
 
 OCTOBER 1875. 
 
 The records for this year are also incomplete. D. B. Sneden 
 and J. K. Kroninger were elected justices of the peace; H. P. 
 Cotant, clerk; Walter Cady, constable. 
 
 NOVEMBER 1876 
 
 Hugh Kepler, Don A. Jackson, Cornelius Carr. [trustees; 
 John Mays, William Parker, justices of the peace; S. R. ''^Wesp, 
 assessor; H. P. Cotant, clerk; Walter Cady,;;W. .W. "Morris, 
 constable^. 
 
 OCTOBER 1877. 
 
 D. A. Jackson, Hugh Kepler, A. A. Brown,-__trustees; H. P. 
 Cotant, clerk; S. R. Wesp, assessor; J. H. Gurney, justice ofthe 
 peace. 
 
 OCTOBER, 1878. 
 
 F. J. Wesp, Samuel Cotant, Fred Morsch, trustees; E. P. 
 Sheffield, clerk; D. B. Sneden, William Parker, justices of the 
 peace; C. L. Gabrilson, assessor; Lee Miller, Chris Mullen, con- 
 stables. 
 
 OCTOBER 1879. 
 
 Hugh Kepler trustee; G. A. Hamilton, justice of the peace. 
 C. L. Gabrilson, assessor; H .P. Cotant clerk. 
 
 NOVEMBER 1880 
 
 C. L. Gabrilson, trustee; Cornelius Carr, D. B. Sneden, justices 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 209 
 
 of the peace; John Krerger, assessor; A. G. Bigelow, clerk Lee 
 Miller. Chris Mullen constables. 
 
 OCTOBER 1881. 
 F. Marsh, Sr., trustee; G. A. Hamilton, justice of the peace; 
 H. P. Cotant, clerk; Michael Malona, assessor. 
 
 NOVEMBER 1882. 
 
 F. McCarthy, trustee; D. B. Sneden, C. Carr, justices of the 
 peace; Lee Miller, Charles White, constable; A. B. Harris, clerk, 
 John Debittinger assessor. 
 
 In the above list of oflicers no mention is made of appointments 
 to fill vacancies, which frequently occurred, The names given 
 are of those who were regularly elected at the succeeding elec- 
 tions. 
 
 The following entry appears of date given therein. 
 
 On petition of J, H. Powers and others, presented to the county 
 judge on the 2d day of July, 1860, the following described territory 
 was set off from the townshij) of Dayton and attached to the 
 township of New Hampton, to-wit: the S. PI 1 of the N. E. i and 
 the N. E. i of the S. E, i of section 12, township 95, north of 
 range 13 west; as per notice on file in the ofhce of the township 
 clerk, to which reference may be had. (Signed) H. Gurley, 
 clerk. 
 
 NEW HAMPTON. 
 
 The town of New Hampton, which is the county seat of Chicka- 
 saw county, deserves its importance and consequent prosperity 
 chiefly from the fact that it is the geographical center of the 
 county. The pioneers, who established the place, relied upon this 
 fact to make good their investments, and the sequel showed that their 
 judgment was nut at fault; for, after divers contests, which will be 
 found to be recorded elsewhere,' the seat of county government 
 was ultimately and permanently located here, and peace is now 
 perpetuating what intermittent warfare won. 
 
 As will appear hereafter, New Hampton was incorporated in 
 1873, and dates its beginning from 1855, at tlie connnencement of 
 which year there were no building on the present townsite, and no 
 townsite in reality. Don A. Jackson, who located within a mile 
 and a half of the present town in May, 1855, relates that at that 
 time the town had no existence, actual or prospective. The name 
 of the place was at hrst Chickasaw center, but was afterward 
 changed to New Hampton l)y Osgood Gowan in compliment to 
 
210 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 his native town in New England. According to Mr. Jackson's 
 recollection, since corroborated by other pioneers, the first house 
 erected in the town was built bj^ David Edwards, and stood near 
 where the creamery is now located. It was a small board dwelling. 
 James Jarred built a log house not long afterwards, which stood 
 in the center of the street between the Fitch block and the Gurley 
 store building. Jarred sold to two men named Jacobs and Ross, 
 who put in a small stock of general merchandise; which they 
 subsequently sold with the building, to Osgood Gowan At the 
 time of this sale Gowan kept the post office — he being the first 
 postmaster — at his home in the woods, about one mile northeast 
 of town. GoAvan had to go to. Jacksonville, for the mails, and 
 sometimes to West Union, on foot. He owned 160 acres where he 
 lived, and in fact traded with Jacobs and Ross for the store pro- 
 perty, and moved the post office to what is now called New Hamp- 
 ton. Gowan .afterwards sold to Harrison Gurley, who, with 
 /Gideon Gardner, and Homer Hamlin, had come to New Hampton 
 ■in 1856. Gurley erected the well known frame store building on 
 .the corner of INTain street and Locust avenue, where he kept store 
 quite a number of years, during ten of which, at least, he was the 
 only merchant in New Hampton. 
 
 It is particularly difficult to reconcile conflicting memories, as 
 to occurrences which date back quite a number of years. The 
 first public place of entertainment in New Hampton was a log 
 house erected by Samuel Shaw, Harve3''S. Plill l)ecoming the owner 
 of it at a later date, and coverting it into a rude sort of hostlery. 
 The building was also occupied, for a time by Gideon Gardner as a 
 ■ dwelling. William Johnson subsequently owned it, and moving it 
 .back, erected a frame in front, which he used as a saloon, himself 
 and family dwelling in the log portion. Johnson sold to Hon. James 
 F. Babcock, who, with his father, moved into the log portion, and 
 transposed the saloon into a drug store^* which was the pioneer 
 drug store of New Hampton. This log building, was liever a part 
 of the hotel proper, Avhich was built in the first place on the 
 ground east of it, by Daniel Shook, and which underwent various 
 names and changes of proprietorship, being remembered liest as 
 the Dixon house and the New Hampton hotel. Shook erected 
 
 the central portion of this building and the kitchen. He was suc- 
 ceeded by Don. A. Jackson, who sold to W. D. Gardner. Mr. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 2ll 
 
 Gardner added the west main portion of two stories, and after- 
 wards sold to John Dixon, who built upon the east side, moved 
 the kitchen to. the rear of the Gardner addition, and extended the 
 main part to the rear. Dixon sold toH. L. Fitch, and in 1881 the 
 building was destroyed by fire. Upon its site Mr. Fitch erected 
 in 1882 a fine brick business block of two stories, with three store 
 rooms on the ground floor, a total cost of $15,000. 
 
 The Central house now owned and constructed by E. H. Yarger, 
 was erected by Daniel Pepper, who sold to C. H. Clough, and he 
 in turn to 0. Dana, Yarger assuming the proprietorship in 1882. 
 
 The property which J. F. Babcock purchased of William John- 
 son, was located where Mr. Bacock's brick building, occupied by 
 L. L. Briggs' drug store, now is. The first brick business build- 
 ing in New Hampton was erected by Mr. Babcock In 1871, just 
 west of the Johnson property, and is now occupied by W. D. 
 Gardner & Go's, drug store. Into this building Mr. Babcock 
 moved his stock of drugs, tore down the old log house, and rented 
 for office purposes the frame he had just vacated. The frame 
 gave place to the present brick structure in 1881. 
 
 Veiy little was done by way of building in 1855. A man named 
 Cook and his sou-in-law erected another building, in addition to 
 those already mentioned, and there was possibly still another on 
 the lot now occupied by Auditor Sheffield, which latter may not 
 have been built until 1856. 
 
 In 1867 Judge Arnold erected a dwelling liouse, severiil others, 
 also being erected during that year. 
 
 In 1855, the only effort made toward laying out the town was 
 »the staking out of the block on* which the Shook building was 
 erected. The town was not regularly laid out until 1857, Septem- 
 ber 12th of that year being the date when the plat was made of 
 record. G. Gardner, Homer Hamlin, David Edwards, H. Gurley 
 and E. T. Runion were the original proprietors. Gardner and 
 Hamlin owned each an undivided half, of \V. ■} N. VV. *, section 7, 
 and the balance was owned- by Gurley, Edwards and Runion. 
 
 The rapid growth of New Hampton dates from the coming of 
 the railroad in 1868, businass tor some time thereafter being stim- 
 ulated to unwonted activity. Ernest Warner, who came in 1858, 
 was New Hampton's first wagon maker; E. T. Runion, the first 
 
212 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 blacksmith, came in 1857. A man named Morton who came in 
 1859, was the first shoemaker. 
 
 The post office was established in 1855 or 6, Osgood Gowan be- 
 ing the first postmaster. Since then the following gentlemen have 
 occupied the position in the order mentioned; H. Gurley, Daniel 
 Shook, Samuel Cotant, Don A. Jackson, C. McCuUow, Samuel 
 Cotant, C. McCuUow, J. C. Johnson, C. McCullow, the latter be- 
 ing the present incumbent. The office was made a money order 
 office October 1st, 1877. 
 
 The election to determine the question of incorporation was held 
 at the court house in New Hampton, April 26th, 1873. A. E. 
 Bigelow, H, Gurley, W. W. Langdon, Zelotes Bailey and D. B. 
 Sneden were appointed commissioners of incorporation, D. B. 
 Sneden and W. W. Langdon officiating as clerks of the election. 
 One hundred votes were cast, seventy for, and thirty against incor- 
 poration. 
 
 The first election for officers of the incorporation was held May 
 21st, 1873. The following were elected: James F. Babcock, 
 mayor; E. P. Sheffield, recorder; A. E. Bigelow, C. H. Clough, 
 W. W. Birdsall. M. C. Ayres, John Mays, councilmen. 
 
 The officers elected for the succeeding years, omitting the coun- 
 cilmen, are as follows : 
 
 1874. 
 G. Gardner, mayor; D. B Sneden, recorder; B. G. Smith, treas- 
 urer; G. H. Reynolds, marshal; S. R. Shear, street commis- 
 sioner. 
 
 1875. 
 H. M. Mixer, mayor, James Young, recorder; H. J. Wing, mar-* 
 shal; D. W. Payne, street commissioner; B. G. Smith, treasurer; 
 Samuel Cotant, assessor. 
 
 1876. 
 g.;H. M. Mixer, mayor; E. P. Sheffield, recorder; B. G. Smith, 
 treasurer; Samuel Cotant, assessor; Walter Cady, marshal; Fred 
 Simmick, street commissioner. 
 
 1877. 
 S. J. Kenyon, mayor; E. P. Sheffield, recorder; Samuel Cotant 
 assessor; Fred Simmick, street commissioner; B. G. Smith, treas- 
 urer. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 213 
 
 1878. 
 S. J. Kenyon, mayor; E. P. Sheffield, recorder; B. G. Smith, 
 treasurer; Samuel Cotant, assessor; F. Simmick, street commis- 
 sioner; Tim D organ, marshal. 
 
 1879. 
 A. E. Bigelow, mayor; E. P. Sheffield, recorder; J. J. Arbuckle, 
 street commissioner; B. G. Smith, treasurer; Samuel Cotant, 
 assessor. 
 
 1880. 
 
 F. D. Bosworth, mayor; G. A. Hamilton, recorder; B. G. Smith, 
 treasurer; Wilbur Sherman, street commissioner; Samuel Cotant, 
 assessor. 
 
 1881. 
 
 F. D. Bosworth, mayor; G..A. Hamilton, recorder; B. G.Smith, 
 treasurer; Samuel Cotant, assessor; Chas. Carpenter, street commis- 
 sioner. During this yearF. D. Bosworth presented his resignation as 
 mayor, to take effect June 4th, and at a special election held June 
 20th, J. H. Gurney was elected to fill vacancy. Gurney resigned 
 July 11th, and at a special election held July 25th, Hiram Shaver 
 was elected mayor for the unexpired term. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Hiram Shaver, mayor; G. A. Hamilton, recorder; B. G. Smith, 
 treasurer; W. B. Porter, assessor; Thos. Hall, street commissioner. 
 The office of marshal, which has been of late years appointive, 
 is held at date of this writing by H. J. Wing. The members of 
 the city council for 1882-3 are H. H.Potter, E. P. Sherman, John 
 Foley, H. H. Heming, J. M. Gilliland, Charles Lilge. 
 
 A history of Chickasaw county would be incomplete without 
 more than mere mention of the late F. D. Bosworth. In so far as the 
 writer has been able to learn, Mr. Bosworth, was a man of excellent 
 executive cajjacity, and a gentleman in the truest sense of the 
 word. He was a native of Vermont, and was educated at Tiffin, 
 Ohio. He came to Chickasaw county in 1856, and first 
 taught school at Greenwood, in Bradford township. After- 
 wards he went to the old town of Forest City, where he 
 worked for Judge Hiram Bailey, at splitting rails. The rails 
 where twelve feet long, and the price paid for splitting 
 was $1.25 per hundred. He was subsequently appointed deputy 
 county clerk, was elected treasurer and recorder, was county 
 
214 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 school superintendent, internal revenue assessor, mayor of New 
 Hampton, and at the time of his death in December, 1881, was 
 cashier of the First National bank. He was at one time an un- 
 successful candidate for representative to the state legislature, be- 
 ing defeated therefore by D. B. Hanan, Esq., main cause of his 
 defeat appearing to be republican disaffection, with A. J. Felt, the 
 then editor of the Nashua Post, in the van of the opposition, per- 
 sonal ambition for the state senator being the actuating motive. 
 Mr. Bosworth entered the army as a private, and became second 
 lieutenant of company B, seventh Iowa infantry. Much historic 
 matter could be found in the annals of this well remembered 
 company, but space does not pe'rmit, neither, perhaps, would it be 
 best to enter too closely into details; but it is sufficient to say that 
 among its members were, "Andy" Fel.t, G. J. Tisdale, E. A. Haskell, 
 Judge Robert G. Riniger, J. H. Powers, Deacon Gardner, J. 
 Rutherford, G. W. S. Dodge, Charles H. Trott, W. W. Birdsall, 
 Z. Bailey, D. Campbell, B. E. Morton, and Robert H. Mills. 
 
 These men were all more or less interested in political affairs, 
 were "manipulators of the wires," so to speak, with ambitions 
 and aspirations of their own, and company B. was known 
 as one in which there was even more than the ordi- 
 nary amount of intrigue. These things are^ said, not 
 in the way of casting reflections upon any one, for all now look 
 back upon those times with a smile and the appreciation of hum- 
 or, and there is nothing of bitterness and little of discredit in the 
 recollection; but it may be I'eadily imagined what kind of a time 
 there was, and also will be in an organization composed of such 
 managing spirits as those named above. 
 
 Mr. Bosworth was also a lawyer although he did not engage in 
 active practice. 
 
 To appreciate fully the important part enacted in the history 
 of Chickasaw county by Bosworth, one should study the records^, 
 wherein his name almost constantly appears for a series of years, 
 in one capacity or another. The writer is conscious that this 
 tribute to the dead should be written by a loving hand, by one 
 who knew Mr. Bosworth, and therefore thinks tenderly of him. 
 For all who knew him speak of him with reverence, and there are 
 qualities of head and heart which are in themselves imperishable, 
 though he who had them may go out from among us. There is 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 215 
 
 • 
 
 nothing left for the writer to do, save to put on record some hint 
 of what he would like to say concerning F. D. Bosworth, some 
 vague hint of roses and evergreen, that should be kept in constant 
 fragrance upon his tomb, for dear remembrance sake. If a 
 stranger can be so impressed with a life-record learned at second 
 hand, truly those who know the maker of that record can linger 
 lovingly in tender contemplation of it. 
 
 An incident showing the danger which beset the life of the 
 pioneer, was the losing of Miss Hannah Runion, daughter of E. T. 
 Runion, in the snow, in February, 1867. Miss. Runion who mar- 
 ried F. B. Weed was, about eighteen years old at the time. In 
 coming home from Jacksonville, Mr. Runion stopped for a time 
 at his daughter's place of residence, about one mile and a half from 
 that town. She concluded to come on home with him and the two 
 left the house together. Mr. Runion had been driving a team 
 attached to a sled, but on coming out of the house they discovered 
 that the team was missing, and consequently undertook to walk 
 to New Hampton. The night was a fearful one; they lost their 
 way, wolves followed them; and their experience was indeed a 
 thrilling one. Hannah became exhausted; and the father carried 
 her quite a distance. It finaly became only too apparent 
 that escape was impossible for both of them; they could no longer 
 go on together and the only hope for them was for the father to 
 bury the daughter in the snow, and himself reach means of assis- 
 tance. This was accordingly done; a spot was selected upon a 
 knoll around which shiubbery grew, near the creek, a willow 
 tree serving as a landmark, by which to know again the locality. 
 This was ir the early morning, and to reach New Han.pton 
 required Mr. Runions utmost efforts, through out the entire day. 
 He stopped at Utley's residence east of the fair grounds. The 
 alarm was given but nothing could be done until the following 
 day. On the third day a vigorous search was instituted; the citizens 
 turned out en masse, but the winds and drifting snow had changed 
 the aspect of the landscape as to make it impossible to locate the 
 spot were the young woman was buried. For a time the search 
 appeared to be a hopeless one, and the impression grew upon the 
 searchers that the girl would not be found until after she had 
 
 succumbed to the terrors of her perilous situation, to hunger or all 
 
 the combined causes which rendered her position such a fearful 
 
216 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 one; she had used every effort to dig away the snow 
 which enveloped her, and to make her presence known 
 but to little avail, the snow being removed from about 
 her sufficintly however to cause one of the searchers, Wilbur Sher- 
 man, in crossing the spot to fall through thus terminating the 
 exciting hunt. The young lady was immediately taken care of 
 and was soon out of danger. It is no wonder that even at this 
 distance of time neither Mr. Runion nor Mrs. Reed care to talk 
 of their terrible experience in that bitter storm, and it is only 
 given here because it is a matter of history which is even yet 
 talked of with interest bv the citizens. 
 
 School was tirst taught in New Hampton in the winter of 
 1866-7 in the north east room of the David Edwards 
 dwelling a house enclosed with siding and plastered with 
 prairie mud between the studding. The school was taught by 
 Mrs. Isabel H. Gurley, wife of Harrison Gurley. Eight or ten 
 pupils attended. The furniture was of the most primitive 
 description. Mr. Gurley had purchased property, but had 
 not yet moved to the town, and Mrs. Gurley kept house in the 
 schoolroom, moving the rude benches in and out after school. 
 
 The term lasted three months in that building and school was 
 next held during the summer in a little frame house east of 
 town; afterwards in the old log store formerly occupied by H. 
 Gurley and subsequently ,a building (now H. L. Fitch's residence) 
 was erected,the lower story of which was used for school purposes, 
 the upper for county officers. School was taught in this building 
 until the erection of a structure on the s^^e occupied by the present 
 school house, in 1867. This building was thirty by forty feet in 
 dimensions, an addition of about equal size being subsequently 
 made, and contained four departments. Dr. I. K. Gardner as 
 principal opened the school in this building. In the spring of 
 1881 the building was destroyed by fire, the present structure 
 being erected during the same year, and completed in 1882, at a 
 cost of $13,000. 
 
 At the time of writing, the following gentlemen comprise the 
 board of education: Dr. H. M. Mixer, president; Dr. A.Babcock, 
 W. W. Birdsall, W. D. Stafford, A. L. Montgomery, J. W. Snyder; 
 B. G. Smith, secretary; A. E. Bigelow, treasurer. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 217 
 
 Previous to the burning of the school building in 1881, a prim- 
 ary school was also held in Dawes Hall. 
 
 A course of study for the public schools was written by Prof, 
 Gardner in 1880, and re-arranged and published by Prof. 
 H. A. Simons in 1882, with the following prefatory re- 
 marks : 
 
 "In preparing this course of study the principal and school- 
 board have been controlled by the conviction that the 
 ground- work in education is of supreme importance; that 
 it is our duty, so far as it is possible, to fit the pupils 
 intrusted to our care for intelligent and useful citizenship; 
 and that those who wish to pass from our schools to higher instit- 
 utions, should have the foundations thoroughly laid here. They 
 have therefore restricted the course to such fundamental work as 
 can be well done in the limited time. 
 
 "Pupils taking the entire course and passing a creditable exam- 
 ination thereupon will be entitled to a diploma. 
 
 "Those who do not wish to graduate, will be permitted, after 
 they reach the high school course, to make their own selection of 
 studies, whenever there are classes in the branches selected." 
 
 The following is a list of the text books adopted : Readers, 
 Webb's Model readers; Edwards' Student's reader, for the high 
 school. Gilbert's spellers. Sherwood & Go's. Analytical copy 
 books. Kirk & Belfield's arithmetics. Greenleaf's algebra. Reed 
 &. Kellogg's grammars. Parker's composition. Kellogg's rhetoric. 
 Appleton's Geographies. Anderson's histories. Hutchinson's 
 Physiology. Gray's Botany. 
 
 The enrollment of the schools is about 315, and is constantly 
 increasing. The first-class to graduate will be that of '84, and 
 now contains eight members. 
 
 The following is the present efficient corps of teachers: Prof. 
 H. A. Simons, principal; Miss Alice R. Green, assistant, high 
 school; Miss Abbi« S. Powers, senior grammar; Miss Willie Nel- 
 ing junior grammar; Miss Carrie Ward, fourth primary; Miss 
 Emma E, Fitch, third primary; Miss Eva E. Mixer, second 
 primary; Miss Lucy Cameron, first primary. 
 
 THE BUSINESS OF NEW HAMPTON. 
 
 An indication of the volume of business transacted in New 
 Hampton will be found in the following accurate statement: 
 
218 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 , Shipment of grain and produce from New Hampton, via C. M. 
 & St. P. Ry., during the year 1882: 
 
 Wheat , ft 310 850 
 
 Barley 725 155 
 
 Oats 2 057 570 
 
 Corn 3 649 848 
 
 Grass seed 870 160 
 
 Flaxseed 1 810 575 
 
 Potatoes 202 818 
 
 Dressed hogs 34 040 
 
 Cheese 58 623 
 
 Eggs .- 131 855 
 
 Butter 265 840 
 
 Hogs, 108 cars 2 160 000 
 
 Horses, 3 cars 60 000 
 
 Cattle, 17 cars , 340 000 
 
 Total shipments 14 004 534 
 
 Total receipts 13 368 136 
 
 Total money on shipments of freight 38 050 88 
 
 Total money on receipts of freight 30 658 98 
 
 Total money received for tickets 7 253 78 
 
 Total $75 963 64 
 
 There has also been a large amount of butter and eggs shipped 
 by express, not included in the above figures. 
 
 The past year was marked by quite a number of improvements 
 in the way of new buildings, etc. Among the business structures 
 erected may be mentioned the following: 
 
 H. H. Kenyon, brick; two stories; cost $5,500. 
 
 H. L. Fitch, brick, for three stores; two stories; cost $15,000. 
 
 Dr. H. M. Mixer and Bennett Bros., brick; two stories; offices 
 and opera house above; cost $20,000. 
 
 Addition to Odd Fellows' block: cost $1,100. 
 
 B. Tierney, brick; two stories; cost $4,000. 
 
 The entire list of buildings, additions and improvements during 
 the past year, would foot up to many thousand dollars. 
 
 Glenwood creamery, W. D. Kipp & Co., proprietors, was estab- 
 lished November 1st. 1881, and is one of the institutions in which 
 
 '•} 
 
HISTOKY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 219 
 
 New Hampton's citizens justly take pride. The creamery build- 
 ings are located on east Main street, and are forty by sixty feet 
 in dimensions. The average price paid for cream, by Messrs. 
 Kipp & Co., during 1882, was twenty-one cents per pound. Dur- 
 ing the year 1882 the firm paid out in all about $25,000. Seven 
 wagons are employed in collecting cream and two employees are 
 regularly kept at work in the creamery. 
 
 The First National bank of New Hampton, is an outgrowth of 
 the Chickasaw county bank and the bank of New Hampton, both 
 of which it absorbed at the date of its formation, December 15th 
 1881. The Chickasaw county bank was the pioneer institution 
 of the kind in New Hampton, and was organized in January, 1870, 
 by A. E. Bigelow and J. H. Easton, proprietors. Mr. Bigelow 
 is a pioneer citizen of the county, in which he has large 
 landed interests, and has held various positions of re- 
 sponsibility and trust, was formerly county treasurer, and is 
 held in high esteem. Mr. Easton is a well known capitalist, 
 whose ])rincipal place of residence is in Decorah, Winnesheik 
 county, where, as here and in still other localities, he has exten- 
 sive banking interests. Harrison Gurley was president of the 
 bank of New Hampton, and F. D. Boswortli was cashier. Mr. 
 Bosworth died shortly after the formation of the present bank. The 
 First National occupies a handsome brick structure on the corner 
 of Main street and Locust avenue, eretted especially for banking 
 purposes, and which is one of the best equiped bank buildings 
 in northern Iowa. The capital stock of the First National is 
 $50,000. It does a general banking business, buys and sells ex- 
 change, makes loans, receives deposits, etc. An extensive real 
 estate business is also transacted in this connection. The present 
 officers of the bank are: A. E. Bigelow, president; Samuel J. 
 Kenyon, cashier; A. G. Bigelow, assistant cashier. 
 
 The banking house of Smith & Darrow was established in 1879. 
 The proprietors are Messrs. B. G. Smith and W. L. Darrow. Mr. 
 Smith has lived in Chickasaw county twenty -seven years, thirteen 
 years of the time in New Hampton. Mr. Darrow has resided 
 in the county eighteen years, and has been in the loan business 
 for the past twelve years. The latter gentleman is a large real 
 estate owner, having over 1,000 acres of finely improved land in 
 this county. Mr. Smith has been actively engaged in banking 
 
220 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 ever since it began to have an existence in New Hampton. The 
 firm do a general banking, loan and real estate and insurance 
 business, and are reckoned among the county's most substantial 
 and reliable citizens. 
 
 ATTORNEYS. 
 
 J. H. Powers came in 1857, and is still in practice here. 
 
 C. 0. Case came in 1858; is now a resident of Oswego, New 
 York. 
 
 M. C. Ayres came in 1865, and still resides in New Hampton. 
 
 Hiram Shaver, still in practice here, located in New Hampton 
 in 1871. 
 
 S. J. Kenyon, now cashier of the First National bank, located 
 in practice at New Hampton in 1869. 
 
 H. H. Potter, still in practice, located here in 1870. 
 
 D. B. Hanan came to New Hampton fi'om Fredericksburg. 
 
 D. B. Sneden a regularly admitted attorney, but who holds the 
 office of justice of the peace, located here in 1871. 
 
 F. D. Bos worth, who never regularly practiced the profession^ 
 died in New Hampton in 1882. A sketch of his life appears in 
 preceding pages. 
 
 J. M. Gilliland, for three terms clerk of the courts, is still a resi- 
 dent of New Hampton, was admitted to the bar, but is not in the 
 practice. 
 
 J. H. Gurney came in 1873, was for a number of years in prac- 
 tice here, but now resides in Nebraska. 
 
 A. C. Boylan entered into practice in New Hampton, in 1878, 
 and is still an active member of the New Hampton bar. 
 
 George E. Stowe, also in active practice here, came from Chi- 
 cago in 1880. 
 
 VV. J. Springer, still in practice here, came in 1879. 
 
 R. E. Ronayne came to New Hampton in 1880, and in 1882 re- 
 moved to Aberdeen, Dakota. 
 
 John R. Bayne came to New Hampton in 1879, and removed to 
 Oregon in 1882, locating subsequently in Minnesota. 
 
 Samuel Young lived in this township, but never in New Hamp- 
 ton. He was admitted to the bar, and was county surveyor at an 
 early day. 
 
 0. K. Hoyt came from Illinois in 1871, and moved to Humbolt,. 
 Iowa, in 1880. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 221 
 
 The first lawyer in Chiclcasaw county was G. W. Howard, who 
 subsequently became state senator, filling the vacancy caused by 
 the resignation of Hon. J. H. Powers to enter the military service 
 during the war of the rebellion. Howard was afterward appointed 
 major of the 27th Iowa infantry, and served through the rebellion. 
 He now resides at Waterloo, Iowa. 
 
 The next attorney was F. 1). Hall, who was at one time prose- 
 cuting attorney of the county, and who now live in Richland 
 township. 
 
 A. G. Case, now president of tlie First National bank of Charles 
 City, and of the First National bank of Nashua was the next attor- 
 ney who came to Chickasaw county. 
 
 J. H. Powers was the fourth attorney to locate in the county. 
 A biographical sketch of Mr. Powers will be found in detail else- 
 where. It is sufficient here to say that he is still a resident of New 
 Hampton, whose destinies he has had by no means a small share 
 in shaping, a remark which is equally true concerning Mr. Power's 
 close indent! fi cation with the history of the entire county. 
 
 D. A. Baljcock, of Bradford township, was never regularly ad- 
 mitted, although he succeeded at one time in being elected to the 
 office of prosecuting attorney, the time of his election being at the 
 organization of the county. It is stated that, on account of his 
 not having l)een admitted to practice, he was ineligible to l^he 
 office, and in t^iis connection the following anecdote is told: 
 
 While returning from the memorable county seat fight, which 
 will be long remembered in county annals as the Battle of Bailey's 
 Lane, his horse was drowned in crossing a slough, and as a means 
 of getting compensation for the loss of the animal, he presented 
 a bill against the county for salary, as prosecuting attorney, during 
 the time he would have served, in that capacity, and the part of 
 the little reminiscence, which the pioneers particularly laugh over 
 is, that the claim was actually allowed. 
 
 PHYSICIANS, SURGEONS AND DENTISTS. 
 
 Dr. H. M. Mixer located in New Hampton in 1865, and still 
 resides here in the practice of his profession, the firm now being Drs. 
 Mixer & Gardnei'. 
 
 Dr. Babcock located here in January, 1867, and continues to 
 jjractice his profession in New Hampton. 
 
 In the early part of 1870, Dr. Biederman came to New Hamp- 
 
222 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 ton, but remained here only about one year, going from here to 
 Bremer county, Iowa. 
 
 Dr. E. H. Ohiisted came to Chickasaw county in 1857, locating 
 first at Fredericksburg, where he remained until 1872, when he 
 changed his place of residence to New Hampton, and has been in 
 constant practice here ever since. 
 
 Dr. I. K. Gardner located in practice at Lawler in 1870, from 
 which place he came to New Hampton in 1878, forming the part- 
 nership with Dr. Mixer, mentioned above. 
 
 Dr. Isaac Prince came here in 1878, but remained only five or 
 six months. 
 
 Dr. F. Nestman came in 1880, and remained several months. 
 
 Dr. Keith remained here about one year. 
 
 Dr. A. Sterzi located in New Hampton in August, 1880, and ia 
 still engaged in practice here. 
 
 Dr. A. E. Clark, dentist located here in 1879; and Dr. J. T. 
 Ferguson, also a dentist, located here in 1877. Both gentlemen 
 continue to practice their profession in New Hampton. Dr. D. J. 
 Pollock opened a dental office here about the year 1869, remained 
 about two years, and moved away to a subsequent location 
 unknown. Dr. J. P. Campbell, also a resident dentist, died in 
 
 1879. 
 
 Mrs. Dr. Sterzi is also a regularly educated medical practitioner, 
 and is in active practice of the profession. 
 
 THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF NEW HAMPTON. 
 
 On the 8th day of February, 1858, a meeting was held in the 
 school house — being the log house formerly occupied by H. 
 Gurley, as a dwelling, store and post oflice, at which time it was 
 resolved, "To take the preliminary steps to organize a Christian 
 church that shall embrace all evangelical christians" under said 
 resolution a committee of seven was appointed consisting of 
 Gideon Gardner, David Edwards, D. Calksin, Caleb Arnold, Walter 
 E. Beach, Dr. J. F. Willson and J. H. Powers, to report a basis, 
 articles of faith and covenant. W. E. Beach lived in Jackson- 
 ville and Dr. Willson in Richland, and neither of them ever met 
 with the committee. 
 
 Of the remainder of the committee G. Gardner was a Congrega- 
 tionalist, David Edwards a United brethren. Denizen Calkins, a 
 free will Baptist, Caleb Arnold a close communion Baptist, and 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 223 
 
 J. H. Powers had never been a member of any church, although 
 reared as a Presbyterian. 
 
 On the 13th of the same month the committee reported a basis, 
 articles of faith and covenant and the name given the church was, 
 "The Pilgrim Church of New Hampton." 
 
 On May 25d, 1865, the articles of incorporation were prepared 
 and the society received a corporate existence under the name of 
 "First Congregational Ecclisiastical Church Society of New Hamp- 
 ton," and the church became known as the First Congregational 
 church of New Hampton. 
 
 On Sunday morning the 14th of February, 1858, the citizens 
 met in the log school house for the purpose of organizing the 
 church. The Rev. J. C. Strong, who was then the pastor of the 
 Bradford Congregational church, was present to aid in the services, 
 and the church was organized, with Gideon Gardner, Naomi 
 Gardner, Harrison Gurley Isabella Gurley, Jas. D. Colt, Amelia 
 Colt, Jason Morton and J. H. Powers as members. 
 
 On the 5th day of February. 1859, the Rev. J. C. Strong again 
 preached for the church and C. 0. Case, May Case, Christiana 
 Morton, Hannah Morton, John L. Vanauken, Emma Vanauken, 
 G. A. Hamilton and M. H. Hamilton made application to become 
 members of the church and were admitted. The regular pastor 
 was called in the person of the Rev. Thos. N. Skinner, who com- 
 menced his labors on July 5th 1862, and continued to act as 
 pastor until the summer of 1864, preaching every alternate Sunday 
 in New Hampton and Fayette. 
 
 During the year 1863, the present church building was erected 
 at a cost of $1,670; $500 was donated by Jay Cooke, and $200 by 
 the Boston Congregational Union. The record shows the follow- 
 ing report of building committee, which was a,|iopted: "Size of 
 house, 28x36; windows, 12 lights, 9x16 glass; height of room 14 
 in the clear; three windows on a side. 
 
 To the Rev. Thos. N. Skinner, much of the success in building 
 
 was due, he working with his own hands whenever opportunity 
 offered. The church was not finished for occupancy until 1865, 
 and was not seated until 1866. 
 
 Rev. Harvey Adams was the successor of T. N. Skinner and 
 
 entered upon his pastorate December 1st, 1866, and closed his 
 services as pastor of the church, December 25th, 1870. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Boyne was the successor of the Rev. Harvey 
 
• * 
 
 224 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 Adams, and entered upon his pastorate, February 19th, 1871, and 
 continued and terminated January 28, 1876. 
 
 Rev. J. M. Riddlington was a Methodist minister, who had been 
 stationed at New Hampton the preceeding year, and was at his 
 request placed upon the retired Hst on account of poor health. 
 
 He was hired to fill the Congregational pulpit for ^six months, 
 preaching the first part of the time every Sabbath, and after his 
 removal to Cresco every alternate Sabbath. 
 
 At the February meeting February 3, 1877. Rev. C. A. Marshall; 
 he having preached for the church three months on trial — was 
 chosen jjastor of the church and closed his services as acting pas- 
 tor January 20th, 1880. 
 
 The Rev. E. C. Moulton who is now pastor commenced his ser- 
 viceg, February, 1882. 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH SOCIETY 
 
 is one of the leading organizations of New Hampton, and occupies a 
 handsome structure, 34 by 66 feet in dimensions,which was erected 
 in the winter of 1872-3. Rev. Mr. Wilcox the first regular pastor 
 preached in the old court house. He was succeeded by Rev. Mr. 
 Hazleton, who remained two years, and during whose adminis- 
 tration the society purchased Dawes ilall, fitting up the upper 
 story of the building as a parsonage. Rev. J. W. Bissell was the 
 next pastor, and remained one year, being succeeded by Rev. C. 
 H. Taylor. Mr. Taylor was the pastor two years, and it was during 
 his stay that the present edifice was erected. Rev. Nathaniel 
 Pye succeeded Mr. Taylor remaining two years, and was followed 
 by Rev. John Baldwin, who also remained two years, being succeed- 
 ed in turn by Rev. S. Sherin. Rev. Plager came in 1880, and was 
 succeeded in 1882 b}^ the present pastor. Rev. J. W. Jones. The 
 present trustees of Mie society are Dr. A. Babcock, W. D. Stafford, 
 W. L. Darrow, I. H. Minkler, A. McDonald, E. S. Fitch, J. T. Fer- 
 guson. Mrs. A. Babcock is the recording steward the others being 
 J. A. Albertson, W. L. Darrow, W. D. Stafford, A. McDonald and 
 J. T. Ferguson 
 
 ST. Joseph's cataolic church 
 on south Broadwa}^, Avas erected some thirteen years ago. 
 A foundation was first laid on Mam street, diagonally op- 
 posite the Central House, but the site was subsequently 
 changed to the present one. The congregation was organized April 
 3rd, 1870 J. W. Mitchell being elected treasurer. A soliciting 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 225 
 
 committie of six was appointed. When the building of the 
 edifice was decided upon, there was but $50 in the treasury of the 
 congregation. Owing principally to want of funds, and the con- 
 sequent necessity of borrowing, the costs of the structere exceeded 
 what it would otherwise have been, the total cost being about 
 $4,000. A handsome brick parsonage was erected in 1879. The 
 congregation which at the beginning was very small,there being at 
 that time not more than three Catholic familes in New Hamp- 
 ton, now represents some two hundred families living in the town 
 and surrounding country. It is gratifying to note that St. Joseph's 
 is now entirely fi-ee from debt. At the time of organization the 
 wants of the congregation were attended to by Rev. Fr. Harrison. 
 Rev. J. P. Probst was the first ofhiciating priest and was succeeded 
 by Rev. Patrick Burke; whose successor was Rev. John L. Gosker. 
 Rev. Fr. Leahey the present pastor succeeded Rev. Fr. Gosker, 
 and through his indefatigable efforts, both the speritual and tempo- 
 ral affairs of the congregation continued to improve. There is now 
 little for the committee to do as the congregation is firmly estab- 
 lished in the community. 
 
 The Catholic cemetery is located on the southwest quarter of 
 section six about one half mile from New Hampton. The ceme- 
 tery has been established now about ten years, is advantageously 
 situated, well laid out and fenced. Improvements in other direc- 
 tions are in immediate contemplation and will no doubt be effec- 
 ted during the current year. 
 
 GERMAN EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN ST. PAUL CONGREGATION OF NEW 
 
 HAMPTON. 
 
 This society was organized March 15th, 1871, by Rev. John*' 
 Klindworth, of Galena Illinois and Ed. Wachtel, of New Hamp- 
 ton. The first members were Fred Deppe, H. Deppe, Chr. Rabe, 
 Fr.Kempendorf, Aug. Kempendorf, I. Reith, George Danner, Fr. 
 Piehn, Fr. Siminck, Herm Christopher, Aug. Tiepan, Rev. Ed. 
 Wachtel was the first regular pastor t,nd still has pastoral charge. 
 The church membership comprises twenty -two families. Services 
 were at first held in the court house hall, then in the English 
 Congregational church, and afterward in Dawes' Hall. The 
 present church edifice was erected in August, 1880. is 52 by 28 
 feet in dimensions, and cost $1,900. The present church officers 
 are: Fred Deppe, treasurer; George Danner, H. Deppe Albert 
 
226 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 Drawelow, trustees, Aug. Arndt deacon; Th. Jaehrling president; 
 Albert Drawelow secretary. 
 
 THE GERMAN CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF NEW HAMPTON 
 
 was organized .Tune 20th, 1874, by Rev. Henry Hess of Fort 
 Atkinson, who was the first (and still continues to be the) pastor. 
 There are fifty-three members of the society. Services Avere 
 first held in the old Congregational church. The present edifice 
 was erected in 1879, is 26 by 38 feet in dimensions and costs 
 $1,500. The following are the present officers of the society: 
 Trustees B. Blatte, V. Boos, H. Rehorst, H. Robrock, C. K. 
 Staples. H. Christoph and V. Boos are the deacons; F. Kempen- 
 dorf is the secretary ; H. Rehorst, treasurer; Joshua Sutter, Sun- 
 day school Superintendent. 
 
 HOPE EPISCOPAL MISSION, 
 
 of New Hampton, was organized July 30th, 1877, Rev. D. W. 
 Tolford conducting the first service and continuing to oflficiate for 
 some time thereafter. As yet the mission has erected no church 
 edifice and services have been for two years or more discontinued. 
 The organization is, however, kept intact by the wardens, S.J. Ken- 
 yon and Samuel Young and no doubt the near future will witness 
 a revival of interest, with consequent growth of membership and all 
 that it implies. 
 
 NEW HAMPTON LODGE NO. 84, A. O. U. W., 
 
 was instituted September 2d, 1876, with the following fifteen 
 charter members: J. F. Babcock, Lee Chapman, Charles A. Harris, 
 Amos Babcock, Jr., T. H. Schulte, E. P. Sherman, William D. 
 Collins, John Kress, Thomas Iverson, John McLaren, James A. 
 Albertson, A. E. Bigelow, W. W. Birdsall, L. W. Smith, OKver K. 
 Hovt. The first officers were as follows: Amos Babcock, Jr., P. 
 M. W-; T. H. Schulte, G. F.; \V. W. Birdsall, Recorder; A. E. 
 Bigelow, Receiver;' E. P. Sherman, I. W.; 0. K. Hoyt, M. W.; 
 John McLaren, Overseer; L. N. Smith, Financier; C. A. Harris, 
 Guide; Thomas Iverson, O. W. The present officers are: A. E. 
 Bigelow, P. M. W. and M. ^\*.; J. A. Albertson, Foreman; John 
 McLaren, Overseer; E. N. Ohnstead, Recorder; E. P. Sheffield, Fi- 
 nancier; W. L. Darrow, Receiver; C. A. Harris, Guide; G. R. Mc- 
 Mullen, I. W.; E. P. Sherman, 0. W. Thus far there has been 
 but one death in the lodge membershij), that of Di. J. P. Camp- 
 bell, which occurred in the autumn of 1879. Dr. Campbell was 
 by profession a dentist, and was for a number of years receiver of 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 227 
 
 the lodge. Meetings are held semi-monthly, in W. J. Springer's 
 office, on the second and fourth Tuesday evenings in each montih. 
 There are about thirty-six members, and the lodge is prospering 
 finely. 
 
 ARCANA LODGE, NO. 274, A. F. & A. M. 
 
 The charter was granted June 8th, 1870, the lodge having been 
 organized under dispensation August 13, 1869, with the following 
 officers: F. D. Bosworth, W. M.; Jaines F. Babcock, S. W.; D. A. 
 Jackson, J'. W.; Z. Bailey, Secretary; A. E. Bigelow, treasurer; A. 
 Babcock, S. D.; Z. Barrett, J. D.; L. B. Davidson, Tyler. F. D. 
 Bosworth was W. M. from August 13, 1869, to June 1st, 1871, be- 
 ing succeeded as follows: C. A. Harris to June, 1874; A. Babcock, 
 to June 1877; C. A. Harris, to June, 1878; A.^ Babcock, to June, 
 1880; A. "B. Harris, to June, 1882. The present W. M. is A. Bab- 
 cock. There were thirteen charter members; the present mem- 
 bership (October, 1882,) is sixty-seven. F. D. Bosworth died Dec. 
 19th, 1881. The lodge has also lost two other members by death, 
 Z. Bailey and J. P. Campbell. Meetings are held in Masonic hall 
 in the Sieh block, on the first Tuesday evening on or after the full 
 moon. The lodge is in a prosperous condition. 
 
 THE V.t A. S. FRATERNITY, NO. 101, 
 
 of New Hampton, was instituted in July, 1882, with the following 
 officers: I. K. Gardner, Rector; H. H. Potter, Vice-Rector; George 
 E. Stowe, Scribe; W. L. Darrow, Questor; John A. Ryon, Usher; 
 J. T. Ferguson, Speculator. The membership is about 2:5, * and 
 meetings are held in H. H. Potter's office, on the first Tuesday 
 evening in each month. 
 
 THE CHICKASAW COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 was organized in 1859, with W. E. Beach president, H. Gurley 
 secretary, C. 0. Case treasurer. The executive committee was 
 , composed of one member from each organized township, as fol- 
 lows; J. A. Sawin, Deerfield; S. \V. By ers, Washington; H. Cook^ 
 Obispo; Thomas Staples, Stapletun; Fred Padden, Fredericks- 
 burg; L. J. Young, Dayton; Hiram Bailey, Richland; William 
 Tucker, Chickasaw; John Bird, Bradford; J. H. Powers, New 
 Hampton. Subsequently J. H. Powers was elected president, 
 which office he still holds. The object of the society is to collect 
 and preserve historical facts with reference to Chickasaw county. 
 
228 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 W. C. T. U. 
 
 This society was organized August 26th, 1876, with about twenty- 
 members. The first officers were: Mrs. W. D. Gardner, president; 
 Mrs. Lizzie Baldwin,Mrs. Eliza Marshall, Mrs. Mandana A. Silsbee, 
 vice-presidents; Miss E. C. Stebbins, secretary; Mrs. H. C. Mapes, 
 treasurer. Mrs. Hannah Cotant is the present president; Miss 
 Stebbins, recording and corresponding secretary; Miss Abbie Pow- 
 ers, financial secretary; Mrs. I. H. Guiie^y, treasurer. This organ- 
 ization has done effective work, in the temperance cause, and holds 
 itself in readiness at all times to respond to the call of the presi- 
 dent to re-engage in the good work. • 
 
 I. o. G. T. 
 The Independent order of Good Templars has led a . varigated 
 existence in New Hampton, the first lodge having been organized 
 in 1860, This lodge having demised, another was organized in 
 1867, which in |,urn yielded up the ghost, and on its ruins still an- 
 other lodge was organized in 1876. At present there is no lodge 
 of this order in New Hampton. 
 
 THE AMENDMENT CLUB OP NEW HAMPTON 
 
 was organized in 1881, with about sixty members, and continues 
 with about the same membership. Its primary object was to aid 
 in securing the adoption of the constitutional prohibitory amend- 
 ment. Its officers were: 
 
 Professor H. A. Simons, president; Mrs. C. E. Hagar, vice- 
 president; E. P. Sheffield, secretary; 0. B. Sherman, treas- 
 urer. This organization prosecuted a vigorous campaign, and did 
 effective work, the county being carried for the amendment by a 
 decided majority, as will be found to be recorded elsewhere. 
 
 THE C@UNTY POOR FARM. 
 
 At the election held in October, 1871, a tax of two mills on the 
 dollar was voted to be levied, for the purpose of purchasing and 
 stocking a poor tavm. The total vote on the proposition was 
 1,438; 1003, for, and 435 against. 
 
 During the June term, 1872, the board of supervisors reported 
 that after spending three days in inspecting various ftirms, they had 
 purchased a poor farm located as follows: on the south half of the 
 southeast quarter of section twenty-four, and the north half 
 of the northeast (|uarter of section twenty-five, township ninety-five, 
 
HISTOEY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 229 
 
 west of range thirteen, containing 160 acres, on the town line road, 
 two and one-half miles south of New Hampton. One hundred 
 acres were "broke," there were a young orchard and a never failing 
 stream of water. ' The purchase also included one reaper and 
 mower combined, one horse rake, one plow, and one harrow. The 
 farm was purchased of Don. A. Jackson, the price paid being $20 
 per acre, or $3,200 in all. A resolution was also adopted, providing 
 for receiving bicfe for the erection of a suitable building. 
 
 At a special session held October 7th, 1872, a contract was award- 
 ed A. W. Utter, New Hampton, for the erection of a county 
 poor farm building, for $1,360.80, six hundred dollars of which 
 was to be paid down, the balance on the completion of the 
 building. 
 
 CEMETARY ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The officers of this association are: H. Gurley, president; 
 G. A. Hamilton, secretary; D. A. Jackson treasurer. The associa- 
 tion was organized about the year J 861. The cemetary grounds 
 are located in the southwestern part of town, are handsomely laid 
 out and well fenced. 
 
 COURT HOUSE BUILDING. 
 
 Thfe habitat of the county officers at various times in the early 
 history of the county, has been detailed at sufficient length else- 
 where. The records of the June meeting, 1865, give the following 
 details concerning the first building erected, especially for 
 county purposes. At this meeting the following proceedings were 
 had in relation to the erection of a county building: 
 
 Resolved, That Palmer of Jacksonville, Haslam of Dayton, and 
 Woodbridge of Bradford, be a committee to enter into an agree- 
 ment with, and if practicable make a contract with any responsible 
 parties, for the erection of a county building, according to the plan 
 and specifications now on file in the office of the clerk of the 
 board. And if they deem changes or additions necessary, to 
 stipulate for the same to be paid out of the county funds, but, 
 in no case to exceed $500.00 for such last mentioned purpose. 
 
 Resolved, That said committee be empowered to offer the con- 
 tractor an interest of ten per cent, payable out of the county funds 
 on sums due for the erection of said building, and payable, out of 
 the swamp land fund, until said fund shall be received by 
 the county, and paid over to said contractor or his order. 
 
230 HISTORY OP CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 Resolved, That the committee report their doings in the premises 
 together with a copy of any contract they may enter into for the 
 action of the board. 
 
 J. K. Kroningeb. 
 
 This contract entered into on this 6th day of June, A. D. 1865, 
 by and between Chickasaw county, state of Iowa, of the first part 
 and J. H. Powers of the second part, witnesseth: that the said party 
 of the second part agrees to erect and finish according to 
 the specifications now on file in the office of the board 
 of supervisors, a county building the work to be done in the 
 style of the work done on the Congregational church in New 
 Hampton, and the weather work to be of good pine lumber; the 
 building to be erected in a good, workmanlike manner, finished 
 inside and out and painted with two coats of paint of white lead 
 or zinc, said building to be plastered and complete for use, 
 the seating used being the seats now owned by the country for 
 county purposes. The walls of the building to be double 
 plastered by lathing and plastering between the studding; the 
 vault to be square as platted and the entrance to the same being 
 under the stairs and to have double doors of boiler iron, one open- 
 ing inside and one outward, with good iron hinges and iron fastenings 
 for the same, and the walls of said vault to be at least sixteen inches 
 thick with an opening in the same, and at least the outer wall to 
 be of brick or stone. Said building to rest upon a good substantial 
 stone foundation in height similar to the one under the Congre- 
 gational meeting house in New Hampton; said building 
 to be completed on or before the 26th day of November 
 A. D. 1865. 
 
 And the party of the first part agrees to pay the said party 
 of the second part, for the erection of said building as above 
 described the following sums, and on the conditions and terms 
 to wit: 
 
 . Eight hundred and forty dollars ($840) paid down in 
 cash. 
 
 Five hundred dollars($500) to be paid when the building is 
 raised, said payment to be made by an order on the funds in, or to 
 come into the possession of the country as "swamp land funds," 
 with interest thereon payable out of the country funds at 
 
 ten per cent, per annum payable annually, until the county shall 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 231 
 
 receive money from the United States as said "swamp land 
 funds" and until the same is paid the said J. H. Powers, or his 
 order; 
 
 Five hundred dollars ($500,) when the building shall be enclosed 
 payable on the conditions, and in the manner above stated; and 
 eleven hundred and sixty dollars ($1,160,) payable as the foregoing, 
 out of the said swamp land fund when the building is completed; 
 and G. W. Butterfield, W. E. Beach and W. B. Grant shall be a 
 committee to examine, and if found complete according to this 
 contract, to accept said building from the hands of the contractor,, 
 previous to his receiving his last payment 
 
 And it is further stipulated that the said J. H. Powers enter 
 into bonds running to the county, in the sum of thirty-five 
 hundred dollars, with surety to be approved by the clerk of the 
 board of supervisor, F. D. Bosworth and A. E. Bigelow, before he 
 shall be entitled to draw any of said money. In witness 
 whereof we have hereunto set our hands this 6th day of June 
 A. D. 1865. 
 
 Wm. Palmer, 
 Wm. Haslam, 
 e. d. woodbridge, 
 
 we being apjDointed a committee to let contract for building county 
 building: to approved by the board. 
 
 J. H. POWERS. 
 HIRAM BAILEY, 
 (chairman Board Supervisors. 
 
 Your committee to whom was referre'd a resolution in refer- 
 ence to the erection of county building would respectfully 
 report: 
 
 1st. We would respectfully recommend that the building be 
 double plastered and painted inside and out. 
 
 2d. We would recommend that the accompanyiiig contract be 
 adopted and approved. 
 
 3d. We would recommend that to meet the first payment 
 the county hire of the school fund five hundred dollars. 
 
 4th We would recommend that the clerk of the board of 
 supervisors be authorized to issue to the contractor warrants for 
 
232 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 the several sums due on said contract as they became due, 
 
 drawing on the several funds as set forth in the contract. 
 
 Wm. Palmer, 
 Wm. Haslam, 
 e. d, woodbridge. 
 The third recommendation being amended so that instead of 
 
 hiring "five hundred dollars school fund," the clerk to issue ten 
 
 county warrants in sums of $50 each. 
 
 The yeas and nays were called on adoption, and resulted as 
 
 follows: yeas 11, all the members present voting in the affirmative 
 
 the contract and report were adopted. 
 
 J. H. Powers filed his bond June 7th 1865, for faithful perform- 
 ance of contract for building, which was approved. 
 
 The building erected in pursuance of the above contract was 
 made to answer the purpose of a court house until Friday, March 
 26th 1880, at 9 o'clock on which night the building, was discovered 
 to be on fire. It was completely destroyed by the flames, and in 
 consequence of the county being thus left without a court house 
 the unsuccessful attempt to remove the county seat to Nashua, 
 detailed elsewhere, ensued. Steps looking to the erection of a new 
 court house were soon taken, resulting eventually in the erection 
 of the present commodious and handsome brick structure with the 
 smaller brick building attached. 
 
 At the April meeting of the board of supervisors, 1880 the 
 following resolution was adopted : 
 
 Resolved, that the chairman of the board of supervisors be 
 authorized and instructed to secure plans and probable cost of a 
 suitable court house, with the understanding, that the architect 
 furnishing the plans that shall be finall}'- adopted by the county, 
 shall receive a reasonable compensation for his services as an 
 architect and that the chairman shall be restricted to an expense 
 not exceeding $50 in making said inquiry and furnishing 
 plans. 
 
 In June, 1881, the citizens of New Hampton proposed to the 
 board of supervisors to complete a court house, the architects 
 estimate of the cost of which was $10,342, on condition that the 
 county appropriate $,5000 toward building the same and that the 
 board make an informal selection of the plan proposed, there being 
 others plans presented to the board. The plans for a court house 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 233 
 
 approved by the board at the June session, were those of Louis 
 Brown, an architect of New Hampton. 
 
 At the November term; 1880, the board adopted the following 
 resolution: 
 
 Resolved, by the board of supervisors of Chickasaw county, 
 
 Iowa, that; whereas New Hampton having pledged five thousand 
 dollars towards the erection of a court house as near the site of the 
 old court house in New Hampton as may be, and having given a 
 bond for the payment of the full amount, the same is hereby 
 accepted, and we order that five thousand dollars, or so much 
 thereof as may be necessary, be appropriated for the purpose of 
 finishing said court house, and no contract will be let unless the 
 contractor will accept the bond of New Hampton at its 
 face. 
 
 At the January session, 1881, the plan and bid of Louis Brown, 
 
 for $10,000, was accepted and Mr. Brown appeared and duly entered 
 into a contract with the county. The structure was completed during 
 the summer, and was ready for occupancy in the early autumn of 
 
 1882. 
 
 CHICKASAW COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
 
 The first agricultural society in Chickasaw county was organized 
 at Jacksonville in September, 1857. A constitution was adoi3ted 
 and election of officers held at the hotel, then kept by Hazard 
 Green. Tne following officers were elected: Hazard Green, presi- 
 dent; John Bird, vice-president; J. H. Powers, secretary; Hiram 
 Bailey, treasui'er. There was also an executive committee for 
 each township, as follows: S. W. Byers, Washington; J. H. 
 Dickens, Obispo; Thomas Staples, Stapleton; Fred Padden, Fred- 
 ericksburg; Hiram Bailey, Richland; Daniel York, Dayton; A. G. 
 Harris, Deerfield; William Tucker, Chickasaw; John Bird, Brad- 
 ford. A fair was held at New Hampton in 1858, under the auspices 
 ol this organization, J. H. Powers delivering the address. 
 
 The first regular organization of an agricultural society in Chick- 
 asaw county, in pursuance of the state law upon the subject, will 
 be found to be detailed below, as taken from the records of the 
 society : 
 
 The records of the society show, that "at a large and enthusiastic 
 meeting of the citizens of Chickasaw county, held at New Hamp- 
 ton on the 14th day of Aj^ril, A. D. 1860, the proj^riety of organiz- 
 ing an agricultural society was thoroughly discussed and agreed 
 upon, and the 28th day of April, following was designated as the 
 
234 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 time, and New Hampton the place, at which such organization 
 should be effected." 
 
 At the time specified, a large number of the county's best 
 farmers, mechanics and business men, met and adopted a preamble 
 and constitution. The following is the preamble: 
 
 "Whereas, It is deemed expedient that an agricultural society 
 should be organized in Chickasaw county, in such manner as to 
 become a body corporate under general law of the state of Iowa 
 relating to the creation of corporations: Therefore, It is resolved, 
 this 28th day of April, one thousand, eight hundred and sixty, 
 that Hiram Bailey, Jas. E. Yaunce, R. H. Way, AVilliam Tucker, 
 Patrick Galligan, Gideon Gardner, J. A. Rice, T. P. Vokes, M. B. 
 Taylor, with their present and future associates and successors, 
 are hereby constituted a body corporate, to continue twenty years, 
 under the following constitution:" 
 
 Article 1st, recites: "This Association shall be styled the 'Chick- 
 asaw county Agricultural Society;' its object shall be the improve- 
 ment of agriculture, horticulture, mechanics, arts, rural and 
 
 domestic economy." 
 
 The officers were to consist of a president, vice-president, secre- 
 tary, treasurer, and olie director from each township in the county, 
 tjiey together, or eight of their number, constituting a quorum for 
 
 the transaction of business 
 
 "Article 3d. The regular annual meeting of this society shall 
 
 be held at the time of the annual fair, which shall be fixed by the 
 board of directors, and shall take place during the month of Sep- 
 tember or October, in each year; at which time the officers shall 
 be chosen, by ballot, and shall serve one year, and until their suc- 
 cessors are elected and qualified." 
 
 Other articles follow, prescribing the duties of the officers, 
 etc.; "the principal place of business shall be at the county seat, 
 and no capital is required, other than the sums contributed 
 annually by the members, the amount received from the state, 
 and the proceeds of annual exhibitions, which can only be in- 
 vested in the grounds and fixtures, necessary to accommodate the 
 
 society, or other legitimate objects thereof. 
 
 Provisions were made for the holding of annual fairs, at such 
 
 times and place as shall be designated by the board of directors. 
 
 Other regulations were prescribed; provision for membership and 
 
 the amount members shall pay were made, as also the conditions 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 235 
 
 for forfeiture of membership. The matters of establishing prem- 
 ium lists, agreeing upon the rules governing the fairs, limiting 
 competition and awarding committees, were also attended to. 
 The board was authorized to enact such by-laws and rules, not 
 inconsistent with the constitution, as may be deemed necessary 
 for the good of the society, and the final article provided that 
 "this constitution may be altered or amended by a vote of the 
 majority of the members present, and voting at any regular 
 meeting." 
 
 "Thus nine persons have associated themselves as a body cor- 
 porate, to continue twenty years, under the laws of the state of 
 Iowa, thereby gi'sdng legal existence to the 'Chickasaw county 
 Agricultural Societ3^' Fifty other persons attached their names 
 to the constitution, thereby becoming menibers and share-holders 
 in said society." 
 
 The following officers were then elected: Hiram Bailey, presi- 
 dent; J. A. Rice, vice-president; M. B. Taylor, secretary; E. W. 
 Davis, treasurer. One director from each of the twelve townships 
 was also elected. 
 
 At a meeting of the directors, held on the 4th day of June, 
 1860, it was agreed to hold the first annual fair on the 27th and 
 28th days of September following, and a premium list was pub- 
 lished in the New Hampton Courier and the Cedar Valley News, 
 the latter paper being printed at Bradford. This list was pub- 
 lished several weeks, and every effort was made to ensure the suc- 
 cess of the undertaking. The society having no grounds, the 
 directors advertised for sealed proposals for holding the fair, from 
 the several localities in the county, which being presented at the 
 time specified in the advertisement, the directors accepted, the 
 proposals from the citizens of New Hampton, and located the 
 grounds at that place for the first exhibition. 
 
 The exhibition, in the various departments, was much better 
 than had been expected, especially in the vegetable and fine art 
 departments. There were in all 239 entries. The entries for com- 
 petition in field crops were accompanied with written statements 
 of the mode of culture, etc., (agreeably to the requirements of the 
 society), and also samples of grain. Below is the statement of the 
 corn crop, and the result. 
 
 " 'Method of raising corn, presented at the first annual fair of 
 
236 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 the Chickasaw county Agricultural Society, by J. P. Bailey:' I 
 plowed the ground (grove land, and never plowed before), 
 about five inches deep, and planted about the 15th day 
 of May, three and one-third by three and two-thirds feet apart; 
 four to six grains in hill; cultivated with double-shovel 
 plow twice each way, and hoed twice thoroughly. Seed, Ohio 
 Yellow Dent. Yield 272 bushels of ears per acre, thoroughly 
 packed, and heaped as long as it would lay on. Grain and land 
 measured by C. A. Stuart. J. P. Bailey." 
 
 Mr. Hazzard Green, "one of the most scientific farmers of our 
 county," delivered an address on the afternoon of the second day; 
 "it was highly interesting and instructive." 
 
 The second annual fair was held at New Hampton, 2d, 3d, and 
 4th, 1861. The weather was cold and rainy; "consequently the 
 fair was not a very good one, and yet it was not a failure." 
 
 It was judged best not to hold a fair in 1862, "for various rea- 
 sons, the greatest of which was the call for volunteers for the 
 union army, which was being so nobly responded to by the 
 'ranks,' of our industrial classes, that no time could be well given 
 to the holding of a fair." 
 
 The third annual fair was held at New Hampton, October 6th 
 and 7th, 1863. "The occasion drew together a large number of 
 our citizens, on the second day, and an interest was manifested 
 beyond what the society had expected. We have no grounds and 
 no debt." 
 
 The fourth annual fair was held at New Hampton, under many 
 disadvantages, September 20th and 21st, 1864. Whole number of 
 entries, 278; number of members, eighty; amount of premiums 
 awarded, $110; received for sale of tickets at door of exhibition, 
 $16.45. 
 
 The fifth annual fair came off as advertised, September 20th 
 and 21st, 1875. Many causes contributed to decrease the interest, 
 "among which may be mentioned the fact that the society failed 
 to pay all the premiums awarded at the previous year's fair, and 
 this single instance was a great drawback. Whole number of 
 entries, 221; receipts from memberships, $72; receipts at door of 
 hall,, $15.50. 
 
 At the close of this fair a meeting of members was held at the 
 school house in New Hampton, and after the election, the follow- 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 237 
 
 ing resolution was offered by Buel Sherman and unanimously 
 adopted: 
 
 "Resolved, That we raise one thousand dollars by subscription, 
 for the purpose of purchasing and improving permanent fair 
 grounds for the benefit of the Chickasaw county Agricultural 
 Society, and that each director of the society be authorized to 
 solicit and collect subscriptions for such purpose." 
 
 •'On motion it was resolved that the directors solicit subscrip- 
 tions in their respective townships in amounts from five dollars to 
 twenty-five dollars. Any individual paying five dollars to be 
 entitled to a certificate of membership for six years; ten dollars to 
 constitute a membership for thirteen years, and twenty -five dol- 
 lars to constitute a life membership." 
 
 At the meeting of the board of directors January, 3d, 1866, a 
 committee of three was appointed to confer with the citizens of 
 New Hampton, and to ascertain the amount they would pay 
 toward grounds for the society, on condition that the grounds be 
 fitted up in good condition by the society, for permanent fair 
 grounds. This committee, which consisted of Buel Sherman, 
 Charles McCullow and Hiram Bailey, was instructed to report the 
 result of their conference at the next meeting of the board. 
 
 At the next meeting, held February 6th, 1866, Mr. Sherman 
 reported that no conference had been held, and requested that the 
 committee be discharged, and that a committee consisting of three 
 residents of New Hampton, be appointed in its stead. The request 
 was granted, and Gideon Gardner, Charles McCullow and Harri- 
 son Gurley were appointed as the new committee, and requested 
 to act promptly and report to the secretary at as early a day as 
 practicable. « 
 
 July 7th, 1866, Charles P. Ridenour and wife of Ulster county, 
 New York, executed a warranty deed of the northeast quarter, 
 northeast quarter of the southeast quarter, section 7-95-12 — to the 
 Chickasaw county Agricultural Society. 
 
 The sixth annual fair took place Septeniber 19th, 20th and 21st, 
 1866. "It was not a great success, yet it was very far from being 
 a failure." Receipts for yearly memberships, $63; at door of 
 hall, $17. 
 
 January 9th, 1867, Elizabeth and M. M. Utley, of Chickasaw 
 
238 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 county, executed a warranty deed to a certain tract of land, known 
 and described as follows: Commencing at the northwest corner 
 of the northwest quarter of the southwest quarter of section 8-95- 
 12; thence east sixteen rods; thence south forty rods; thence 
 west sixteen rods; thence north forty rods to place of beginning; 
 containing four acres of land, to the Chickasaw county Agricul- 
 tural Society. 
 
 September 11th, 1867, Dr. H. M. Mixer, president of the society, 
 
 published in the New Hampton Courier an address to the farmers 
 
 of Chickasaw county. 
 
 The seventh annual fair occurred September 25th, 26th and 27th, 
 
 1867, and was in all respects a success. 
 
 The following notice the secretary caused to be published in 
 
 the New Hampton Courier and the Nashua Post, January 11th, 
 
 1868: 
 
 "A vote of the board of supervisors at a former session placed 
 
 $400 to the credit of the Chickasaw county Agricultural Society 
 conditioned upon the raising, by the society, of a like amount. 
 Their success has been commensurate with the zeal with which they 
 have prosecuted the work. They have raised, not $400, but $600, 
 and the board of supervisors have just returned over to us the 
 sum of $400, as per previous resolution. During the coming year 
 this money is to be expended in fencing and improving your fair 
 grounds. The manner in which it shall be expended concerns 
 intimately every member of the society. The board of directors, 
 in view of the interests at stake, have decided upon calling a 
 special meeting of the society, to be held at New Hampton on 
 Friday, January 24th, 1868, at 1 o'clock p. m. It is hoped that 
 every number of the society, and all who desire to become such, 
 will interest themselves in the matter, and be present. By order 
 of the board. L. J. Young, Secretary." 
 
 At the special meeting in pursuance of the above call, a motion 
 to fence the fair grounds was carried unanimously. 
 
 In pursuance of a motion by L. H. Weller, a building committee 
 was appointed consisting of H. M. Mixer, I. H. Minkler and M. 
 Burgit, and the executive committee was instructed to make such 
 improvements, on the fair grounds, as the finances of the society 
 will warrant, after the completion of the fence. 
 
 The total cost of material, fencing, and putting the grounds in 
 condition for the eighth annual fair, was $1,238.65. "Add to this 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 239 
 
 $180 for grounds, and we have a total cost of $1,418.65, the actual 
 cost of the grounds as they are now, September 30th, 1858." 
 
 The eighth annual fair was held September 23d, 24th, and 25th, 
 1868. About 2,000 people were in attendance. 
 
 At an adjourned meeting February 10th, 1869, measures were 
 taken to secure the erection of a hall on the grounds, and the ex- 
 ecutive committee was empowered to borrow funds, not exceeding 
 $100, for this purpose. The premium list for the fair of 1869 was 
 published in pamphlet form, by "Andy Felt, of the Nashua Post," 
 without expense to the society. A floral hall, 16x33 feet, was 
 erected in time for this fair. 
 
 The ninth annual fair was held October 6th, 7th and 8th, 1869. 
 "A very good display of animals and articles in almost every class. 
 Buel Sherman took the lead in short-horns or Durhams. E. R. 
 Shankland, of Dubuque, exhibited about forty varieties of apples. 
 The exhibition of his fruit alone was worth thousand of dollars to 
 Chickasaw county, and it is to be hoped that our farmers will 
 take more interest in fruit raising hereafter; for this exhibition 
 plainly shows what can be done in this line." 
 
 "Considerable interest is manifested among those having 
 machinery on exhibition, and large crowds gathered around 
 them to witness the trials given the different kinds of machinery." 
 
 At a meeting of the society June 14th, 1870, "by a vote, 
 the society opens the doors to the whole world, to compete 
 for the premiums offered; and the citizens of the adjoining 
 counties are especially invited to participate with us." 
 
 Premiums were offered for the best and fastest trotters; also to the 
 best base ball club. 
 
 The tenth annual fair occurred September 7th, 8th, 9th, and 
 10th. Three hundred and eighteen entries were made. D. W. 
 Adams, of Waukon who exhibited sixty -eight varieties of apples, 
 delivered the address, on the subject, "Fruit." The fair was finan- 
 cially a success, the total receipts being $289.80. "The best of 
 feeling prevailed during the whole fair, and every person went 
 home feeling proud, that so good an institution as an agricultural 
 society, was fully and firmly established in Chickasaw county." 
 
 At the January meeting, 1871, a former motion was thus modi- 
 
240 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 fied : "that Chickasaw county open her doors to competition to all 
 counties in Iowa, which extend the like courtesy to her." 
 
 September 19th, 20th and 21st, 1871, were the days on which 
 the eleventh annual fair was held. Over 400 entries were made. 
 The exhibition of stock was good, showing improvements over 
 former years. 
 
 The twelfth annual fair, held September 17th, 18th and 19th, 
 1872, "was considered a success." There were more than 400 en- 
 tries, and the exhibits in all departments was good. 
 
 In June, 1883, the fee for life memberships was reduced to ten 
 dollars each. 
 
 The thirteen annual fair was held September 10th, 11th and 
 12th, 1873, and was in every way successful. 
 
 By a constitutional amendment, at the January meeting, 1874, 
 the time for holding the annual fair was fixed upon the last Wed- 
 nesday, Thursday and Friday in September of each year. Other 
 amendments were also made. 
 
 Stormy weather interfered greatly with the success of the four- 
 teenth annual fair, held September 23d and 24th, 1874, there being 
 no fair on the last day. 
 
 The record book of the society contains no account of any of 
 the annual fairs since that of 1874, but it is apparent, from the 
 minutes of the meetings, that fairs have been held regularly each 
 year, with varying success, but in the main satisfactorily, showing 
 continued improvement in stock raising and in all departments of 
 husbandry. The fair of 1882 was in every respect highly success- 
 ful, and in addition to the other attractions, was characterized by 
 a grand soldiers' reunion, which took place on the last day. Gov. 
 Buren R. Sherman delivered the address to the soldiers, and Rev. 
 C. A. Marshall the annual address. At the March meeting of the 
 society, 1881, it was announced that the time for which the Chick- 
 asaw county Agricultural Society was incorporated, had expired, 
 by reason of limitation, whereupon articles of re-incorporation 
 were immediately proposed and adopted, providing for a continu- 
 ance of the society for a period of ninety -nine years. At the fol- 
 lowing December meeting "the society as re-incorporated adopt 
 and be governed by the rules and regulations as laid down for the 
 government of the former association of this society." 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 241 
 
 The officers of the society from year to year, have been as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 1860. 
 
 Hiram Bailey, president; J. A. Rice, vice-president; M. B. 
 Taylor, secretary; E. W. Davis, treasurer. One director for each 
 township has also been elected each year. 
 
 1861. 
 
 Hiram Bailey, president; A. H. Strong, vice-president; M. B. 
 Taylor, secretary; E. W. Davis, treasurer. 
 
 1862. 
 
 Hiram Bailey, president; J. E. Shepard, vice-president; H. 
 Gurley, secretary, A. D. Kinne, treasurer. 
 
 1863. 
 
 Same as in former year, with the substitution of E. W. Davis 
 instead of Kinne as treasurer. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Buel Sherman, president; C. D. Johnson, vice-president; B. E. 
 Morton, secretary; J. H. Powers, treasurer. 
 
 1865. 
 
 R. B. Schoonover, president; George McCaughey, vice-presi- 
 dent; L. J. Young, secretary; Charles McCullow, treasurer. 
 
 1866. 
 Same as in former year. 
 
 1867. 
 Dr. H. M. Mixer, president; E. W. Davis, vice-president; L. J. 
 Young, secretary ; Charles McCullow, treasurer. 
 
 1868. 
 
 H. M. Mixer, president; Hiram Bailey, vice-president; secretary 
 and treasurer as before. 
 
 1869. 
 Same as in 1868. 
 
 1870. 
 
 Buel Sherman, president; J. U. Mixer, vice-president; secretary 
 and treasurer as before. 
 
 1871. 
 
 J. U. Mixer, president; Buel Sherman, vice-president; secretary 
 and treasurer as before. 
 
242 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 1872. 
 George McCaughey, president; J. U. Mixer, vice-president; sec- 
 retary and treasurer as before. 
 
 1873. 
 0. O, Poppleton, president; George McCaughey vice-president; 
 secretary and treasurer as before. 
 
 1874. 
 J. F. McCallum, president; Dr. W. S. Pitts, vice-president; sec- 
 
 1875. 
 retary and treasurer as before. 
 
 1875. 
 F. D. Bosworth, president; Cornelius Carr, vice-president; J. C. 
 Johnson, secretary; John McLaren, treasurer. 
 
 1876. 
 
 H. M. Mixer, president; William Tucker, vice-president; J. C. 
 Johnson, secretary; W. E. Beach, treasurer. 
 
 1877. 
 H. M. Mixer, president; J. F. Babcock, vice-president; J. C- 
 Johnson, secretary; W. E. Beach, treasurer. 
 
 1878. 
 Same as in 1877. 
 
 1879. 
 Same as before. 
 
 . 1880. 
 
 J. F. Babcock, president; John Dayton, vice-president; G. A. 
 Hamilton, secretary; H. Guiiey, treasurer. 
 
 1881. 
 J. Kenyon, president; H. M. Mixer, vice-president; G. A. Hamil- 
 ton, secretarv; H. Gurley, treasurer. 
 
 1882. 
 Same as in 1881. ^ 
 
 1883. 
 
 F. Markle, president; M. J. Peck, vice-president; S. J. Kenyon, 
 secretary^ J. A. Ryon, treasurer. 
 
 The following is a list of the life members of the society: 
 Arnold, Geo. B. Mixer, H. M. 
 
 Burgit, M. Moloney, M. 
 
 Bosworth, F. D. Mixer, J. U. 
 
 Babcock, James F. McLaren, John 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 ' 243 
 
 Benedict, J. H. 
 Bailey, Hiram 
 Bigelow, A. E. 
 Bailey, H. H. 
 Babcock, A. W. 
 Cady, Walter 
 Clough, Cornelius 
 Churchill, L. M. 
 Carr, Cornelius 
 Cottrell, J. D. 
 Colt, Wm. I. 
 Carleton, J. R. 
 Dixon, Ct. L. 
 Dane, Frank 
 Davidson, John 
 Dana, 0. 
 Dixon, John 
 Davison, L. B. 
 Dayton, John 
 Edington, P. A. 
 Edwards, W. R. 
 Fitch, H. L. 
 Foley, John 
 Fitch, E. S. 
 Gurley, H. 
 Gilliland, J. M. 
 Gardner, I. K. 
 Gillette, M. N. 
 Green, John A. 
 Gardner, Gideon 
 Gurney, J. H. 
 Hurd, W. E. 
 Herrick, J. D. 
 Hocksi^ier, J. 
 Iverson, Thomas 
 
 Jack, David 
 Johnson, J. C. 
 Jackson, D. A. 
 Judge, Myron 
 
 Martin, Seth 
 McCaughey, Geo. 
 Mitchell, J. W. 
 Markle, Fred. 
 McMullen, F. A. 
 McHugh. John 
 Mullen, Chris. 
 Minkler, I. H. 
 Mabie, Charles 
 Morsch, F. 
 Mapes, C. R. 
 Nicholas, P. 
 Olmstead, E. N. 
 Pierce, R. P. 
 Pepj-er, Dan. 
 Powers, J. H. 
 Peck, M. J. 
 Paulson, J. A. 
 Piehn, Fred. 
 Poppleton, 0. 0. 
 Row, Samuel 
 Reich, John 
 Stafford, W. D. 
 Simmons, J. J. 
 Sheldon, R. 0. 
 Shaver, Hiram 
 Snyder, J. W. 
 Siminick, Fred. 
 Stebbins, J. B. 
 Sewell, Edson 
 Schulte, T. H. 
 Sherman, Buel 
 Silsbee, N. S. 
 Smith, L. M. 
 Sherman, 0. B. 
 Swennumson, S. 
 Scheutz, John 
 Sewell, Joseph 
 Stapher, C. H. 
 
244 
 
 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 Kepler, Hugh 
 Kress, John 
 Kreiger, John 
 Kenyon, J. R. 
 Kenyon, S. J. 
 Knight, A. 
 Linderman, W. H. 
 Larson, Andrew 
 Lilge, Charles 
 Lynch, J. M. 
 Mapes, H. W. 
 Meyer, John 
 
 Shortley, Robert 
 Sheffield, E. P. 
 Tucker, Wm. 
 Tisdale, G. J. 
 Utley, M. M. 
 Wight, A. H. 
 Warner, C. J. 
 Watts, Isaac 
 Warriner, C. 
 Wheeler, C. A. 
 Young, James 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW' COUNTY, 245 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Feedericksburg Township; Location; Early Settlement; Or- 
 ganization; Village of Fredericksburg; Schools; Churches; 
 
 SoaETiEs; Etc. 
 
 The sketches of Fredericksburg township and the village of 
 Fredericksburg, which follow, were written from notes obtained 
 from William S. Pitts, M. D., of Fredericksburg, who has gone to 
 much labor and trouble to obtain accurate and exhaustive infor- 
 mation, for a detailed history of the first thirty years of his town- 
 ship, which he contemplates publishing in an appropriate form at 
 a not distant day. For his kindness and courtesy in the premises, 
 Dr. Pitts, has the sincere thanks of the editor and publisher of 
 this work. 
 
 Fredericksburg township is in the southeastern corner of Chick- 
 asaw county. Its boundaries are: on the north, Stapleton town- 
 ship; south, Bremer county; east, Fayette county; west, Dresden 
 township. The township contains thirty -six sections of land and 
 one-half of sections 12 and 13, 94-12, set oflT from Dresden town- 
 ship. With the exception of two small groves of natural timber, 
 it is a township of prairie land. Its physical conformation is an 
 
246 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 undulating plain, with a general inclination from east to west. 
 The soil is excellent, land arable and water courses abundant. 
 
 Prior to its organization as a township, the first election for pre- 
 cinct officers — this township being then included in what was 
 known as Yankee precinct — was held at the residence of T. P. 
 Yokes. Thomas Staples was the first assessor, Osgood Gowan 
 road supervisor and C. C. Stone his deputy, for this locality. 
 This was in the year 1855. In 1857, 0. H. P. Searle and D. B. 
 Hanan were elected justices of the peace, being the first to hold 
 this office in this locality. 
 
 At present H. B. Carpenter and George Bishop are the 
 justices, Peter Case, clerk, and' R. W. Kidder, assessor of Fred- 
 ericksburg township. The township was organized as an indepen- 
 dent school district in 1871, and so remains. 
 
 Frederick Padden, of whom more detailed mention is made in the 
 sketch of the^ village, was the first permanent settler in the town- 
 ship, in honor of whose prsenomen both the township and the 
 village were named. Padden settled with his family on the pres- 
 ent village site, September 21st, 1854, and was during that year 
 the only settler in the, township. 
 
 In 1855 a number of settlers came in, among whom may be 
 mentioned the following: Samuel Marsh of Ohio, came in April, 
 and located on the southwest quarter of section 9, 94-11. He 
 erected a shanty and broke ten acres of land, which he planted to 
 corn in May, raising the first field of corn in the township. 
 His family came in 1856. In 1859, he went to California, but 
 returned in 1861, and is still living on the farm where he first 
 located. His wife, Julia, died February 20th, 1883. 
 
 Thomas P. Vokes came in May, 1855, and entered land on the 
 northwest quarter of section 6, 94-11, where he still resides. 
 
 June 3d, 1855, William Case and family located on the south- 
 west quarter of section 4, 94-41-11. James Potter, of Pennsylvania, 
 came in July of this year. He first built a shanty on the village 
 site, and afterwards located on the northwest quarter of section 
 19, 94-11, where he has ever since continued to reside. In the 
 same year Charles Connor, of Illinois located on the southwest 
 quarter of section 31, 94-11. In September, John S. Marr, of New 
 York, located on the northwest quarter of section 31, 94-11, where 
 he still resides. John I. Quackenbush, afterwards justice o^. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 247 
 
 the peace and a well-known pioneer, located in the township in 
 this year. Quackenbush died in 1864. John Dayton, of Ohio, 
 came in December, 1855, locating on the northwest quarter, of the 
 northeast quarter of section 10, 94-11, 
 
 By the spring of 1856, the tide of immigration had set in steadily, 
 from that time the population of the townshii3 continued to in- 
 crease with gratifying rapidity. 
 
 The question as to who were the first couple married in the 
 township, is to some extent in controversy, the bridegroom being 
 either Charles Zwick or George Fountain, with the probability 
 strongly in favor of Zwick, whose marriage (to whom is not ascer- 
 tained) occurred in 1857. 
 
 The precedence of births is also a mooted question, but impar- 
 tial investigation indicates that the first child born in the town- 
 ship was Rosa, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Padden, born in 
 the early part of June, 1856; next in order was Emilia, 
 daughter of Frederick and Julia Padden, and third was a daughter 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas P. Vokes — ^both of which latter were also 
 born in June, 1856. The death of Emilia Padden was the first 
 to occur in the township. 
 
 The township contains but one cemetery, which is located 
 about two and one-quarter miles east of the village, and is called 
 the east cemetery in contra-distinction to the west cemetery just 
 over the line in Dresden township. 
 
 The first school house occupied in the township was erected 
 in the village, and is mentioned in its proper place. There are 
 nine school houses now in th township, well built and adequately 
 furnished, at each of which there is a fair attendance, the schools 
 of Fredericksburg townshij) comparing very favorably with those 
 of any other section of the county. 
 
 The township of Fredericksburg is well settled with a progres- 
 sive and intelligent type of immigration, and it would indeed be diffi.-' 
 cult to find a more exemplary class of citizens or a better ''neigh- 
 borhood" than that comprised within its borders. Further and 
 additional particulars are necessarily commingled with the histor- 
 ical account of the village of Fredericksburg, which is herewith 
 presented. 
 
248 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 THE VILLAGE OF FREDERICKSBURG. 
 
 The village of Fredericksburg takes its name from that of Fred- 
 erick Padden, its first settler and founder, and by whom it was 
 laid out in 1856, Padden and Bloxham being the original town 
 proprietors. It is located on sections 4 and J 8 in 94-11, and 12 
 and 13 in 94-12. 
 
 The first house was built by Frederick Padden on lot 4, block 
 18, in October, 1854. 
 
 Lewis Padden built the first store in the autumn of 1855; 
 Emory Combs was the first blacksmith; J. V. Carpenter the first 
 shoemaker, and George Hillson the first wagonmaker. 
 
 Frederick Padden built the first saw mill in 1856. It was run 
 by steam power, was desti'oyed by fire in 1857, was re- 
 built in 1858, and again burned in January 1862. This 
 mill was located on the bank of Plum creek on block 5. 
 
 The Fredericksburg Cheese company opened a factory on Plum 
 creek in May 1875. It was a stock company, and erected a build- 
 ing at a cost of $1,600. Oliver Briggs, of Elgin, Illinois, was the 
 superintendent, and H. A. Simons, now of New Hampton, was 
 secretary and treasurer'. This company made cheese of excellent 
 qualit}^ for three successive seasons, when they ceased operations, 
 and the Wapsie creamery was opened in the same building in the 
 autumn of 1880, b}^ Messrs. Udall and Davis, of Jessup, Iowa, 
 who, after a few months, sold to ChristojDher Haskett. Haskett 
 continued the business until September, 1882, when he sold to 
 Messrs. Kipp and Harris, of New Hampton, by whom the cream- 
 ery is now operated, its business being extensive and remunera- 
 tive. 
 
 In October, 1882, Loren Padden opened a creamery near his 
 residence, which he still continues to operate. 
 
 Jerome Padden opened an extensive brickyard in 1876 on land 
 east of the school house. This yard was only worked one year 
 during which 200,000 brick of fair quality were made. 
 
 The first school in Fredericksburg was taught during the sum- 
 mer of 1857, in a pole shanty erected by Edwin Cain, and which 
 stood southeast of where the Baptist church now stands. Miss 
 Anna Bishop was the teacher." 
 
 The graded schools of Fredericksburg were opened in 1866. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 249 
 
 The following are the names of the successive principals to the 
 present time : 
 
 Nan M. Warren, summer of 1866. 
 
 D. F. Callender, winter of 1866-7. 
 
 C. S. Haywood, winter of 1867-8. 
 
 Nan M. Warren, summer of 1868. 
 
 N. Austin, winter of 1868-9. 
 
 A. P. Fowler, summer of 1868-9. 
 
 W. W. Quivey, winter and spring of 1869-70. 
 Hattie Coryell, summer of 1870. 
 N. M. Warren, winter of 1870-1. 
 
 Maggie McFarland, summer of 1871, to, and including summer 
 of 1872. 
 
 Kate M. Warren, winter of 1872-3. 
 H. C. Hudson, summer of 1873. 
 
 C. A. Lyman (taught only part of the term which was finished 
 by i\gnes Howe), winter of 1873-4. 
 
 B. B. Potter, summer of 1874. 
 
 Maggie McFarland, winter of 1874-5, to, and including winter of 
 1876-7. ■ 
 J. C. Smith, summer of 1877. 
 
 H. A. Simons, winter of 1877-8 to and including summer of 
 1879. 
 Agnes Howe, winter, spring and summer of 1879-80. 
 
 Minnie Sherman, winter of 1880-81. 
 
 Lillie Scales, summer of 1881. 
 
 Alfred Martin, winter of 1881-2. 
 
 Mrs. Lillie Steadman, summer of 1882. 
 
 H. S. Adney, winter of 1882-3. 
 
 The present school building was erected in 1865, by Frederick 
 Padden,at a cost of $1,000. Additional improvements made have 
 increased the total cost to about SI, 600. There are two rooms, 
 one 30x30, the other 30x20 feet in dimensions. 
 
 The first sermon preached in Fredericksburg, was by Rev. 
 S. M. Prentiss in Frederick Padden's hotel (the Fountain house), 
 in the front room. May 19th, 1855. Mr. Prentiss was a Baptist 
 clergyman. 
 
 A preliminary meeting, looking to the organization of the First 
 
250 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 Baptist church of Fredericksburg, was held June 3d, 1860, and all 
 present united in a call for recognition from the churches of this 
 denomination. Those present at this meeting were: The pastor 
 Eev. E. G. 0. Groat, T. S. M. Flowers, Gilbert Page, James 
 Lovesee, Jonathan Russell, Mrs. Gilbert Page, Mrs. T. S. M. Flow- 
 ers, Mrs. Jonathan Russell, Mrs. Billings and Mrs. Munger. Mr. 
 Flowers was made secretary of the society. July 7th, 1860, the 
 society held its second meeting, and letters of recognition were 
 read from the following churches: Fredericka, Fairbanks, Polk 
 and Providence. This meeting was held in the small building 
 which had previously been erected by a society of the United 
 Brethern persuasion. The building had, in fact, been erected 
 about the year 1858, but this organization was not of a sufficiently 
 permanent nature to long survive. At this second meeting, then, 
 recorded above, the organization of the First Baptist church of 
 Fredericksburg was perfected. The following are the names of 
 the pastors of the society in the order of this succession: E. G. 0. 
 Groat, Shadrach Sherman, G. W, Goodrich, M. E. Arkills, T. C. 
 Briggs, William Simons, J. C. Abbott, M. H. Perry, J. N. Johnson, 
 James Mitchell. Mr. Mitchell is the present pastor. The first 
 deacon of the society was W. G. Eldret. Charles Mabry and C. W. 
 Stickney are the present deacons. Mr. Mabry is the Sabbath 
 school superintendent, the other officers of the Sabbath school being 
 C. W. Stickney, assistant superintendent; W. S. Pitts, chorister: 
 J. Mabry, secretary; Mrs. C. Mitchell, treasurer. Charles Mabry 
 is also secretary of the church organization. The church edifice 
 was erected in the spring of 1870, and was dedicated in July of that 
 year. It dimensions are 32x52 feet, the total cost being about $2,800. 
 The parsonage was purchased by the society in 1874 at a cost of 
 $450, and is located near the church. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal church society of Fredericksburg is 
 also in possession of a commodious edifice, 32x50 feet in dimen- 
 sions, which was erected in 1875 at a cost of $2,700. The first 
 M. E. clergyman to preach in this section was Rev. C. M. Webster. 
 Rev. W. P. Holbrook preached at Fredericksburg about the last 
 of June, 1856. August 8th, 1856, he organized a class of the fol- 
 lowing ten members: George Hillson, Sarah Hillson, Alphens, 
 Adams, Cornelia Adams, Catherine Marvin, INIaria Gibbs, Lovina 
 Padden, Hester Yokes, Jesse T. Appleburg. George Hillson was 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 251 
 
 the first-class leader. The pastors in regular order were: Elijah 
 Kendall, Charles Hollis, J. L. Kirkpatrick, W. P. Holbrook, James 
 Leslie, James Stout, Thomas More, Samuel J. Gossard, Reece 
 Wolf, George Edmunds, Zelotes R. Ward, H. H. Hammond, 
 Edwards Hoskyn, Philip E. Miller, J. R. Cameron, John Dawson 
 B. D. Alden. Mr. Alden is the present pastor. In the early part 
 of the conference year, 1864, a board, of trustees was organized, 
 viz: Ebenezer Perry, president; George W. Adams, vice-president; 
 Buel Sherman, 'secretary; Hiram Benedict, D. Berkstresser, J. P. 
 Hartley. G. C. Cleghorn. This board purchased the residence, 
 now the parsonage, of W. S. Pitts, paying therefor $400. Buel 
 Sherman is the present secretary, Leonard Nourse the present 
 treasurer of the society, The church has also a large and flourish- 
 ing Sabbath school. 
 
 A Presbyterian mission was organized at Fredericksburg in 
 1860, and continued about five years. L. R. Lockwood was the 
 pastor. 
 
 Mount Horeb Lodge No. 333, A. F. and A. M., received its 
 charter in June, 1875, having previously worked one year under 
 dispensation. There were ten charter members. Its first of- 
 ficers were, W. S. Pitts, W. M.; Leonard Nourse, S. W.; S. H. 
 Holcomb, J. W. The following is a complete list of the oflicers 
 at date of present writing: S. H. Holcomb, W. M.; W. S. Pitts, 
 S. W.; D. B. Nourse, J. W.; L. W. Pond, secretary; E. Cullens, 
 treasurer, R. W. Pond, S. D.; George Bolton, J. D.; S. P. More, 
 Tyler. The lodge has thirty members, and is in a prosperous 
 condition. Meetings are held Wednesday evenings on or after 
 each full moon, in Pitts and Warren's hall over Milo L. Sherman's 
 store. 
 
 There have been various temperance organizations in Fredericks- 
 burg, all of which have proved to be of a more or less evanescent 
 nature, save the Fredericksburg temperance society, which meets 
 every fourth Sunday evening in the two churches alternately. 
 The exercises are of a popular and beneficial nature, and the 
 meetings are largely attended. The officers of the society are: 
 W. S. Pitts, president; Milo L. Sherman, vice-president; William 
 Brown, secretary; Mrs. B. D. Alden, treasurer. 
 
 J. V. Cari^enter, Post No. 104, G. A. R., of the department of 
 Iowa, was organized in November, 1882, and has already taken 
 
252 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 rank as one of the live posts of the state. At the date of present 
 writing (March, 1883,) there have been mustered into full mem- 
 bership forty-seven, and eight applications are on file. Fredericks- 
 burg township contributed largely to Chickasaw county's quota 
 during the war of the rebellion, and the soldier element of the 
 township is unusually large. Carpenter Post meets semi-monthly, 
 on Saturday evenings, in Armory hall. 
 
 The following is the official roster: Milo L. Sherman, C; 
 H. B. Carpenter, S. V. C; J. N. Coleman, J. V. C; W. 
 H. Grems, A.; J. Ellison, Q.; S. N. Brace, 0. D.; J. H. Langdon, 
 O. G. Rev. James Mitchell, Chaplain; H. A. Pond, S. M.; R. W. 
 Kidder, Q. M. S. . 
 
 The ladies aid societies in connection with both churches are 
 active and efficient in promoting the objects of their organiza- 
 tions. 
 
 A feature of the organizations of the village was the church 
 choir which was organized with W. S. Pitts as director in 1864, 
 and which held rehearsals regularly every Sabbath afternoon for 
 thirteen years. This choir became widely known in this section 
 as one of the best church choirs in northern Iowa. The following 
 persons comprised its membership : Sopranos — Miss Nan M.Warren, 
 Mrs. Helen C. Kendall, Mrs. Elmira Mabry. Altos — Miss Nettie 
 M. Warren, Mrs. Emily E. Dayton, Mrs. S. E. Ellis. Bassos— Joseph 
 H. Benedict, George H. Benedict, Allison Congdon, Abner War- 
 ren. Tenors — William S. Pitts, George Bishop. The first death 
 among the membership of this choir, was that of Mrs. Kendall, 
 who was first soprano at the time of her demise, November 18th, 
 1871. 
 
 Fredericksburg has an efficient cornet band, the successor to an 
 equally excellent one, which latter was organized in the winter of 
 1865, and was called Pitts' Cornet band. The roster of this 
 pioneer band was as follows: 
 
 W. S. Pitts, 1st Eb cornet. 
 A. J. Warner 2d Eb cornet. 
 Jerome Padden, 1st Bb cornet. 
 Joseph H. Benedict, 2d Bb cornet. 
 George Benedict, 1st Eb alto. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 253 
 
 Charles Chapman, 2d Eb alto. 
 
 John H. Miller, Bb tenor. 
 
 E. N. Olmsted, Bb baritone. 
 
 M. W. Warren, Bb bass. 
 
 A. P. Fowler, Eb tuba. 
 
 M. L. Sherman, drummer. 
 
 This band was disorganized in 1870, and in the spring of 1878 
 the present band was organized under the name of the Freder- 
 icksburg cornet band. The following is its rosteri 
 
 W. S. Pitts, 1st Eb cornet. 
 
 Robert Padden, 2d Eb cornet. 
 
 Watson Pond, 1st Bb cornet. 
 
 Frank Warren, 2d Bb cornet. 
 
 George Carpenter, 1st Eb alto. 
 
 Clarence Sherman, 2d Eb alto. 
 
 L. W. Pond, Bb tenor. 
 
 Jerome Padden, Bb baritone. 
 
 M. M. Padden, Eb tuba. 
 
 Lucius Steadman, snare drum. 
 
 M. L. Sherman, bass drum. 
 
 D. B. Hanan, the only attorney who has resided in Fredericks- 
 burg, came here in 1857, and about the year 1874 removed to New 
 Hampton. 
 
 A Dr. Mack located here in the practice of medicine about the 
 year 1858, and remained two years. He was not a regularly ad- 
 mitted physician however. Dr. John March, an electric physi- 
 cian came in 1860, and left in 1865. 
 
 The first regularly graduated physician to locate at Fredericks- 
 burg was Dr. E. H. Olmstead, who came in 1865, and practiced 
 his profession here until 1872, when he removed to New Hamp- 
 ton, where he is still in practice. 
 
 Dr. W. S. Pitts was the next to locate in the village of Freder- 
 icksbuig, where he continues to reside in the practice. He came 
 in 1867. 
 
 The first hotel (subsequently known as the Fountain house) 
 was erected by F. Padden in 1855, and after occupancy by various 
 proprietors, ceased to be used as a hotel about 1870. The 
 building is now occupied as a residence by Daniel Pond. 
 
254 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 The present hotel the Julien House, was built by Padden in 
 1857, and is now owned and conducted by L. F. Howe. 
 
 The postoffice of Fredericksburg was established in 1856. Fred- 
 erick Padden was the first postmaster, F. W. Barrow, deputy. 
 Daniel Pond succeeded Padden, with Elisha Smith as deputy. 
 Peter Case, the present postmaster, was apjiointed in 1860, and 
 has held the position ever since. The office was made a money 
 order office in 1882. 
 
 The village of Fredericksburg is not incorporated. It is very 
 prettily located, and with its neat residences and advantageous 
 surroundings, presents a very handsome appearance. Its popula- 
 tion is not far from 300. 
 
 Among its pioneer merchants were: F. W. Barron, now a lum- 
 ber dealer at Spirit Lake, Iowa; Elisha Smith, now in England; 
 S. G. Merrian, now a resident of Nebraska, and J. H. Haskett, 
 now a resident of Kansas. A. K. Warren, another pioneer busi- 
 ness man, died in June, 1863. Frederick Padden died August 8th 
 1867. 
 
 At the present time the business of Fredericksburg is repre- 
 sented as follows: Milo L. Sherman, general merchandise; C. H. 
 Clough, drug store; George W. Bolton, hardware; John Phillips, & 
 Eli Gooldsbury, blacksmith; Hillson Brothers, wagon making and 
 blacksmithing; Peter Case, groceries; L. W. Pond, harness; H. B. 
 Carpenter, boots and shoes; Vail and Warren, axe-helve factory. 
 
 Among the preceding sketches of religious organizations, men- 
 tion has not been made of the society of Dunkards, which owns a 
 parsonage and forty acres of land three miles east and one 
 mile south of the village of Fredericksburg. About twelve fami 
 lies are represented by this organization, of which Mark Lawler is 
 the pastor. 
 
 A record of fires which have occurred in the village since its 
 existence began, is as follows: 
 
 The saw mill owned by Frederick Padden was destroyed by fire 
 in 1857, and the second mill erected on the same site was burned 
 in January, 1862. 
 
 John H. Miller's saloon building, on the lot now occupied by 
 the Baptist parsonage, was burned in the spring of 1870. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 255 
 
 In the spring of 1872, J. V. Carpenter's residence was destroyed 
 "by fire. 
 
 The most disastrous fire that has visited the village occurred in 
 February, 1877, when Padden Brothers' hardware store, Mrs. 
 Howe and Mrs. Stone's millinery establishment, and Amaziah 
 Smith's merchant tailoring establishment were destroyed with all 
 their contents. 
 
 J. G. Haskett's store building, occupied by L. Padden as a drug 
 and hardware store, burned in the spring of 1881. 
 
 In October, 1882, the Bolton building, occupied by Pomeroy 
 and Go's, grocery store, was destroyed by fire. 
 
256 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY, 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Stapleton Township; Location; Early Settlement and His- 
 tory; Lawler; Rise and Progress; Great Fires; General 
 History. 
 
 STAPLETON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Township 95 north, range 11 west, is the township of Stapleton, 
 and contains thirty -six sections, the soil is good, although sandy in 
 some places. Crane creek and two smaller ones traverse the town- 
 ship, which with a number of small affluents, all fringed with tim- 
 ber, make plenty those two items of good farming land, viz: wood 
 and water. 
 
 The first settlement was made in 1850, by T. G. Staples, after 
 whom the township was named; he settled on section 36, where he 
 lived for many years; being the 1st postmaster in the township, at 
 the P.O. called also after him. He afterwards went to Lawler, and 
 after acting as "mine host" of a hotel, emigrated in December, 1882^ 
 to Missouri, where he now resides. Among the pioneers of this 
 township, we find the names of Patk. Casey, James Casey, and two 
 brothers by the name of Hill, who all came about the year 1855. It 
 seems that the tide of emigration set in but slowly, in this part of 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. • 257 
 
 the county, for the next two years, but in 1857 it secured a new 
 impetus, and from that date it has steadily grown with a healthy 
 growth. We are credibly informed, that in 1855 there were but 
 two houses within the bounds of what now constitutes the town- 
 ship, and also, that in the same year but 60 votes were cast within 
 the four townships of Dresden, Fredricksburg, New Hampton and 
 Stapleton. The first store in the township was kept by John Nicholas 
 about the year 1857, and was located on what is now the farm of Mr. 
 Menzes about one and a half miles east of where the town of Law- 
 ler now stands, and was the only stopping place on the road from 
 Jacksonville and Waucoma, between those places. 
 
 The first account we find of anything, approaching to an organiza- 
 tion, is an order, emenating from the county court, bearing date, 
 March, 1855, directing, that the four townships now known as New 
 Hampton, Dresden, Fredricksburg, Stapleton, then without names 
 and simply designated by their number and range, be united for 
 election purposes, and be known as the Yankee Settlement. How- 
 ever, at the April term of the county court, in the year 1857, an 
 order was issued for the organization of township 95, range 11, as 
 an independent township, and to be known as Stapleton. This 
 was accordingly done, and the township organized on the basis it 
 now occupies. 
 
 LAWLER 
 
 "At a meeting of the residents of the townships of Utica, Staple- 
 ton, Jacksonville and Fredericksburg, held in Stapleton, November 
 14th, 1868, of which H. B. Wood was chairman and W.D.Lawrence, 
 Secy., a resolution was passed appointing E. Wetner a committee, 
 to wait upon Mr. John Lawler, and ascertain the conditions, upon 
 which the McGregor and Soux City railway would establish a 
 depot, on the west side of Crane Creek, viz: west one-half of the 
 south west quarter of section 4, township 95 range 11. 
 
 At the same meeting, on motion of B. F. Stinson, of Stapleton, 
 a committee on subscription was appointed, consisting of Seth Mar- 
 tin, of Utica, S. Swennumson, of Jacksonville and J. G. Haskett, of 
 Fredericksburg. 
 
 On motion, H. B. Wood, was also appointed to confer with John 
 Lawler, with regard to blank subscriptions. 
 
 The above is the very earliest notice of what is now known as 
 Lawler, and was taken from the New Hampton Courier of Nov. 27, 
 
258 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 1868. The original proprietors of the town plat were, Patrick Lynch 
 Mathias Konzen, Geo. Benz, Martin and Patrick Green and Peter 
 Pitts, Avho resided in primitive log cabins on the site of the future 
 town, and may said to be the pioneer settlers. 
 
 But, on the railroad locating a depot here, in July, 1869, suddenly, 
 as if by magic, arose a town,whose proud pre-eminence,as the great- 
 est shipping point for years, on this branch of the Chicago, Mil- 
 waukee, and St Paul railroad, is still remembered with pride by 
 her citizens, and although now suffering from the effect of the many 
 conflagrations, that have devastated it, still enjoys considerable 
 prosperity. 
 
 Among the first buildings erected was a hotel, which the owner J. 
 Nicholas,moved here, from Conover in the year 1869, and having 
 built on considerable additions, called it the Nicholas Hotel; he, 
 run it successfully until the year 1875, when it passed into the poss- 
 ession of Mr. Parker, who also added large additions, but it was de- 
 stroyed by fire in the spring of 1876, and never rebuilt. Also the 
 building, known as the American hotel, was moved to Lawler from 
 Jacksonville, in tlie same year, by C. Bolton, after passing through 
 the hands of Messrs, Hobart and King, it was kept from 1880, by 
 ■ T. G. Staples, who sold out and emigrated to Marysville, Missouri, 
 in December, 1882. He was succeeded by W.E. Wisner, who now 
 conducts it in a first-class manner, it being the only hotel in the 
 
 place. 
 
 About the same time the first merchants came in and erected the 
 
 /necessary buildings to carry on their business, they were: 
 
 Green & Lovejoy, drugs and groceries. 
 
 Ed Casey, hardware. 
 
 Parkhurst & Barnes, dry goods. 
 
 Blake & Menz,' groceries. 
 
 D. R. Kerby, hardware. 
 ■ Jno. Lynch, general merchandise. 
 
 • H. B. Lawrence, general merchandise. 
 
 D. G. Goodrich, agricultural implements. 
 
 Jamss McKone, has the honor of being the first wagon maker, 
 and Patrick Burns, the pioneer blacksmith. The first shoemaker 
 who took upon himself the labor of looking after the "soles" of 
 the Lawlerites, was H. Duryee, and A. I. Mason, Geo. Fisk, J. M. 
 
 Cailiff'and Greenleaf, were the first carpenters; all these came 
 
 . in the fall of 1869. 
 
HISTOIiY OF CHICKASAW COUNTV. 259 
 
 In a small red building, in the northeast part of the town,in the 
 summer of 1870, Mrs. Sullivan taught the first school, teaching in 
 one small room, and residing in the balance of the house. Mrs. 
 Frank Fletcher succeeded her, the following year, thus were in- 
 structed the earlier schools, but in 1871, a greater number of pu- 
 pils, compelled the erection of larger and more convenient build- 
 ings. A frame school house was erected, containing two rooms, 
 but was afterwards enlarged to four rooms, and now stands, quite 
 an ornament to the town; the value being placed at $4,000. Prof. 
 Oscar A. McFarland is the present principal, and Miss Delia Con- 
 ley, assistant. The enrollment of scholars has been, until within a 
 year, as high as 160, but owing to the establishment of the school, 
 presided over by the Sisters of the Presentation, the number has 
 fallen off very largely, as quite a majority of the citizens are mem- 
 bers of the Roman Catholic faith, who naturally patronize their 
 own schools. The number enrolled now is about sixty, 
 
 This is a graded school, and consists of three grades, viz. : pri- 
 mary, intermediate and grammar. The text books used are a lit- 
 tle different from the ones endorsed by the county superintendent 
 of schools, and hence we give the list: Kirk and Belfi eld's arith- 
 metic and reader; Apple ton's geography, introductory and test 
 speller; Swinton's United States and General history; Brown's 
 physiology; Swinton's word analysis, &c. 
 
 In this connection we must remark, that the records, relating to 
 the organization of the school district, and all the school boards,, 
 prior to 1877, were destroyed, in the great fire of that year, and 
 nothing remains from which to gather any data, but, beginning at 
 that year, we give the names of the gentlemen who have served on 
 that board: \Vm. H. Parker, elected September, 1877, for one 
 year; R. J, McHugh, Jno. Cronin, P. O'Reilly, Jno. A. Green, all 
 elected Sept, 1877, F. E. Baker and Michael JNfartin, elected March, 
 1878, to serve for three years; R. F. Hedrick, elected March, 1878, 
 for one year; Geo. Evans, 0. A. Taylor, and C. Springer, elected 
 October 17th, 1878, to serve three years; P. O'Reilly and C. 
 Springer, elected March, 1879, for one year; A. J. Kuckcr and H., 
 S. Blackett, elected Marcli, 1880, for three years; M. Martin 
 and S. A. Potter, elected March, 1881, for three years. Tho above 
 
 comprises all the records of the school board, now remaining, for. 
 
 which we are indebted to C. N. Husting, the present secretary. 
 
260 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 Lawler, was first incorporated about the middle of the year, 1871, 
 but, here the the same calamity steps in and deprives us of any 
 reliable data, as the greater part of the town records were destroy- 
 ed, with the school records, in the fire of 1877. But tradition hath 
 it, that J. W. Vanauken was the first mayor, Jno. McHugh, re- 
 corder, and that D. R. Kerby was a member of the first council, 
 the balance we could not get at, with any reasonable degree of ac- 
 curacy. However, at a meeting of the council, held September 
 17tli, 1871, L. P. Hawley was appointed treasurer, and Jno. Phil- 
 lips, marshal. 
 
 The council, present at a meeting held in June, 1872, we find H. 
 E. Doolittle, H. B. Lawrence and J. A. Green, and a notice that 
 L. P. Hawley resigned the office of treasurer, to take effect Sept. 
 17th, 1872. 
 
 Sept. 18th 1872, the new officers sworn in were: 
 
 John McHugh, mayor. 
 
 J. A. Green, councilman. 
 
 W. H. Parker 
 
 H. E. Doolittle, " 
 
 Geo. Hemstock, ' " 
 
 Dr. I. K. Gardner, " 
 
 C. Seeber, recorder de facto. 
 
 This council appointed Thomas W. Thompson, marshal, Septem- 
 ber 21st, 1872, and after organizing, John Mc Hugh, resigning the 
 position of mayor, J. W. Van Auken, was elected to fill the vacancy, 
 and John McHugh, to fill the place of recorder. 
 
 The officers of the city, elected March 3rd, 1873, were C. Seeber, 
 mayor; John Mc Hugh, recorder; H. S. Blackett, H.W. Parker, P. 
 H. Leonard, H. E. Doolittle and P. P. Barron, members of the 
 council; who after being sworn in, appointed, John A. Green, city 
 treasurer; C. M. Stone, city marshal; John Phillips, street com- 
 missioner; E. Casey, assessor; and E. C. Walker, poundmaster, John 
 Fitzsimmons, C. W. Harvey, I. K. Gardner, E. C. Crane and J. S. 
 Fletcher members of the council, who appointed John Phillips, 
 to fill the positions of marshal and street commissioner. 
 
 An election was held March 2nd,1874, with the following result: C. 
 Seeber mayor; John McHugh, recorder; H. S. Blackett, James' 
 McKone, P. H. Leonard, W. H. Parker and E. Hurlbut, members 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 261 
 
 of the council, who immediately appointed John A. Green, city 
 treasurer and John Phillips, marshal. 
 
 At a meeting of the council, held September 17th, 1874, a resolu- 
 tion was passed, for the erection of a city jail, and the contract was 
 accordingly let, but to whom the records are silent. 
 
 Mayor Seeber resigned, October 1st, 1874, but the vacancy was 
 filled by pro tern. appointments,from time to time, until March8th 
 1874, when at the election held then, Wm. Lawrence, was chosen 
 mayor; E. Casey, recorder; John A. Green, treasurer. 
 
 There having been some informality in the first incorporation,early 
 in 1876, the legislature was applied to, for an act to legalize the 
 incorporation, on receipt of which an election took place? 
 under the new act of incorporation then adopted. The 
 said election took place March 6th, 1876, and William 
 Lawrence, chosen mayor; D. R. Kerby, treasurer; H. 
 C. Geeting, recorder; C. W. Harvey, E. C. Crane; John 
 A. Green and I. K. Gardner, members of the city council, and John 
 Phillips was continued in his dual ofiice of marshal and street com- 
 missioner. However, after January 25th, 1877, J. Mc Kone's name, 
 appears upon the records, as a member of said council, perhaps, as 
 substitute to fill some vacancy. 
 
 At the election held March 5th, 1877, there were one hundred 
 and fifteen votes cast within the the corporation, of which I. K. 
 Gardner, received seventy-four, C. Seeber, fifteen, and J. W. Van 
 Auken twenty-six, for the ofiice of mayor; for recorder, H. C. 
 Geeting, received sixty -six votes, I. K. Gardner seven, and I. N. 
 Barker forty; for marshal, (now made an elective office) P. D. 
 Parker had fifty votes against F. M. Phillips sixty -two; for street 
 commissioner, F. M. PhillijDS, received fifty-seven votes, R. D. 
 Parker, thirty, and C. W. Harvey, nineteen. 
 
 D. R. Kerby, polled eighty-two votes, J. S. Fletcher, twenty-six> 
 and James Carter, three, for the ofiice of cit}' treasurer; for assessor, 
 J. M, Lynch, received thirty-six votes, P. H. Leonard, sixty-three 
 and John Nicholas fourteen. The vote on Councilmen stood, W. 
 M. Morton, sixty-tour. James McKone, ninety-two, D. C. Mc- 
 Farland,fifty -three, T. Cronin, fifty -nine, H. S. Blackett, fifty-seven, 
 P. 0. Reiley, fifty-four, C. Stringer, fifty ,Joseph Binns, eleven, W. 
 H. Parker, eleven,John Fitzsimmon, thirty-six,John Reiley, thirty- 
 five and J. M. Lynch, one. 
 
262 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 In according with the above vote,the officers and councirfor 1877 
 stood, I. K. Gardner, mayor; H. C. Geeting, recorder; D. R. Kerby, 
 treasurer; F. M. Pliillips, marshal and street commissioner P. H. 
 Leonard, assessor; with W. M. Morton, James McKone, T. Cronin, 
 P. O'Reilly, and H. S. Blackett, as council. 
 
 Mayor, I. K. Gardner, resigning the office May 1st, 1877, J. W. 
 Van Auken, was chosen to fill the vacancy and entered upon the 
 duties of the office. May 3rd, of the same year. 
 
 At the election held March 12th, 1878, Wm. Lawrence was chosen 
 mayor; F.E. Baker, recorder; D. R. Kerby, treasurer: D. C. Mc 
 Farland, R. T. Hedrick, R. J. McHugh, Wm. King and James Mc 
 Kone, members of the council; C. W. Harvey, street commissioner 
 and P. H. Leonard, assessor. 
 
 March 4th, 1879,an election was held, J. W. Van Auken, received 
 sixty -four votes for mayor, being a majority over all votes, cast for 
 R. T. Hedrick and F. Clarkin, his opponent, and was declared 
 elected. 
 
 For recorder, A. J. KucKer, received sixty -nine votes and J. M. 
 Lynch, fifty -four. 
 
 D. R. Kerby, was" elected treasurer, by one hundred and twenty 
 votes out of one hundred and twenty-one cast. The council elected 
 were as follows: C. Springer, Wm. King, Connor Cooney, D. C. 
 McFarland, P. O'Reilly and H. S. Blackett. W. M. O'Brien, was 
 elected assessor, and 0. A. Taylor, street commissioner. 
 
 April 12th,1878,a special election was held, in Lawler, to determine 
 the question, whether fifty per cent of the state tax, for 1878, should 
 or should not he appropriated for the roads outside of the corpora- 
 tion. The whole number of votes cast was thirty, and all in the 
 affirmative. 
 
 March 1st, 1880, 0, A. Taylor, was elected mayor; J. H. Lovejoy, 
 was treasurer; C. N. Husting, recorder; J. M. Lynch, assessor; and 
 H. J. Ditmars and D. C. McFarland, to serve as councilmen for three 
 years, and J. W. Van Auken, for one year. 
 
 P. F. Kirk, was appointed the same time by council, to fill the 
 position of street commissioner. 
 
 At the election, held March 7th, 1881, C. Seeber, was chosen may- 
 or; D. R. Kerby, treasurer; C. N. Husting, recorder; A. J. Kucker, 
 assessor; The street commissioner, elected at the same time, was 
 0. A. Taylor; and F. Clarkin and C. Springer, as members of town 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COTNTY. 263 
 
 council. April 16th, 1881, A.J.Kucker had. the duties of the office 
 of marshal laid ujDon his shoulders. 
 
 The present officers, of Lawler, were elected March, 1882, and con- 
 sist of C. N. Husting, mayor; Andrew S. Frink, recorder; D. R. 
 Kerby, treasurer; A. J. Kucker, assessor; J. W. Lewis, marshal. 
 
 The present council consists of J. W. Van Auken, G. Miller, F. 
 Clarkin, H. J. Ditmars, C. Springer and A. P. Johnson. 
 
 The Catholic church in the town of Lawler, was the first one 
 built in the township, as we are credibly informed. It was built 
 in the year 1872 and is a frame structure, 40x80 feet, with the 
 usual steeple — common to the church edifices, of this denomination, 
 the main building was erected at a cost of $ 5,500, and in addition 
 to it there has since been added, a sacristy, 24x30 feet, built at a 
 cost of $2,000. 
 
 The bell, which hangs in the tower,that is used to call the 
 worshipper to its holy shrine — to ring out the Angelus — to 
 toll for the burial of the dead, is one of the finest in 
 this section of the country, weighing some 3,200 pounds 
 and cost, in the neighborhood of $500. Some one hundred 
 and eighty families contribute, directly, to the support of the church 
 and a fair, gotten up for the benefit of it, is sure to be well patron, 
 ized and realize a handsome amount, as did one held in January, 
 1883, when the receipts exceeded $2,500. 
 
 Father Harrison was the first pastor the church had,and infact,it 
 was mainly by his efforts the church was built. He was succeed- 
 ed by Father P. F. Farrelly,in 1875, who was, himself replaced by 
 Father Bryne, the present incumbent. The society also possess in 
 addition to the church a parsonage, or residence for the priest, 
 a fine frame building, erected at a cost of nearly $5,000,and is large, 
 roomy, and convenient, and evidences the watchful care bestowed 
 by the congregation upon the comfort of their spiritual guide. 
 The house stands close by the church, and on the same grounds; 
 a parochial school was erected during the year 1882, and, under 
 the charge of the Sisters of Presentation (whose mother house is 
 at Dubuque), has prosj)ered. The building cost to erect about 
 $1,200, without the furniture, and the attendance is quite large, 
 one hundred and fifty scholars being enrolled. 
 
264 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. 
 
 This society was organized some time during the winter of 
 1871-72, but, in the absence of records the exact date cannot be 
 given. In 1872 they erected the building in which they worship, 
 a neat frame one. The first pastor was a Mr. Frey, who came to 
 the pastorate from Frankville; he was succeeded in about a year 
 and a half by Rev. Manwell, who died, while pastor, in the year 
 1874; his successor was Rev. A. V. House, who came to Lawler in 
 August, 1874, and died, while officiating shepherd of this flock, on 
 the 27th day of May, 1875. The Rev. C. A. Marshall succeeded 
 him until 1878, when, on that gentleman's removal to New Hamp- 
 ton, Rev. Thos. Kent was called to preside over the church, and 
 remains, to-day, to minister to the spiritual wants of the congrega- 
 tion. The society is very small, numbering properly only about 
 fifteen members, but the other Protestant denominations, having 
 no church of their own, worship with them. There is a Sunday 
 school attached to this church, of a union sentiment, however, of 
 which Mr. A. J. Kucker is the superintendent. 
 
 A small number of German Lutherans in the community, how- 
 ever, hold occasional meetings in the Congregational church, but 
 is, however, very thinly attended, and appears to have no regular 
 organization as far as we could get at. 
 
 These are all the religious societies that the town can boast of, 
 and with the exception of the Catholic church, does not seem to 
 be very largely attended. 
 
 The first physician, who located in town, was Dr. E. Neil, whose 
 advent was in the year 1870; he remained, practising his profession, 
 until 1873, when he died. 
 
 Bryan J. Castle and Orville Potter were the first lawyers, and the 
 date of their settlement was, almost, co-existent with the building 
 of the town. The former, after starting the Lawler Gazette, in the 
 year 1870, and running it, in connection with his legal business, 
 about one year, gave it up in disgust and left the town. The 
 latter, Mr. Potter, continued until 1872 the practice of law, when 
 he, too, left for pastures new. H. C. Geeting commenced the 
 practice of law in Lawler, in 1872, and his brother, John, in 1875, 
 but in 1882, they discontiimed the same, the former removing to 
 St. Paul, Mr. C. Seeber being the only lawyer left to fill the wants 
 of the litigiously inclined. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY, 265 
 
 The postoffice was first established in Lawler in the summer of 
 1869, and Mr. John M. Green was the first postmaster, and con- 
 tinued to hold that position until 1879, when his known ability 
 and integrity caused him to be elected to the office of county 
 treasurer, and he removed to New Hampton. He was succeeded 
 by J. H. Lovejoy, who held the place for two years, and was 
 followed, in 1881, by William H. Parker, the present incumbent, 
 who was formerly one of the prominent merchants of the town, 
 dealing largely in agricultural imi>lements, and who is one of its 
 pioneer citizens, having located at this point in February, 1870. 
 
 In the early days of the town's history there was no bank 
 
 properly so-called, but D. R. Kerby, then in the merchandising 
 
 business, did somewhat of a banking business, which, as the needs 
 
 of business grew, expanded until in October 1, 1875, Kerby and 
 
 McHugh (consisting of D. R. Kerby and Jno. McHugh), opened a 
 
 regular banking business and carried it to a successful issue. In 
 
 1881, Jno. McHugh retired from the firm, and it has been carried 
 
 on ever since by Mr. Kerby, and enjoys the entire confidence of 
 
 the whole community. 
 
 The town of Lawler boasts of a circulating library, which is well 
 
 patronized by the general public. It contains about 400 volumes, 
 and is owned by Francis Clarkin, another of the "oldest inhab- 
 itants." The number of volumes and the class of literature read 
 speak highly for the general intelligence of the town, and evidences 
 a thirst for the right kind of knowledge by the rising generation. 
 Whilst speaking of the general businesses of the town, we must 
 not overlook one of its most prominent ones, viz: The Chickasaw 
 County creamery, owned and operated by P. O'Reilly, one of the 
 foremost merchants. It was established in 1878, and occupies a 
 building 50x24 feet, with an engine and boiler house in addition 
 of 36x12 feet, and is fitted up with all the most modern 
 machinery for the business carried on. It also has a bored well of 
 20 feet depth, from which is drawn an inexhaustable supply of 
 pure water. This creamery is said to have been the first one 
 erected north of West Union, and is the largest in this county. 
 About four or five hands are kept constantly employed inside, and 
 from eight to seventeen wagons gather the cream from the sur- 
 rounding country; the number varying with the season of the 
 year. The books of Mr. Reilly show that during the year, 1882, 
 there were handled at the creamery 181,486 inches of cream, and 
 
266 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 the amount paid out for that item and for expenses generally, was 
 $41,181.17. We were favored with the sight of the following 
 document, which the proprietor was making out: 
 
 Hon. G. B. Loring, Commissioner Agriculture, 
 
 Washington, D. C: 
 The average number of cows suj^plying my creamery, 
 
 for nine months 1,050 
 
 Number pounds butter made in nine months 161.894 
 
 Of which the value was $40,807.44 
 
 Value buttermilk, estimated 500.00 
 
 There are fed from the buttermilk, etc., one hundred hogs and 
 thirty calves, from the sale of which considerable income is 
 derived. 
 
 I. o. o. F. 
 Crane Creek Lodge, of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows 
 was organized, at Lawler, on the evening of February 5, 1878, with 
 fifteen charter members, and has been quite successfully run ever 
 since. There are now thirty-four members in good standing, and 
 the interest is well kept up. The lodge holds its meetings in 
 Oakley's hall. 
 
 A. 0. u. w. 
 A lodge of the Ancient Order of Workmen was instituted on 
 the 9th day of April, 1878, with eleven charter members, but the 
 membership has increased to 21 at the present. This lodge is in 
 a most flourishing condition, and is reported to be one of the most 
 prompt in paying its assessments, and singular to say, there has 
 never been a death in the lodge since its organization. In the 
 dispute between the State Grand Lodge and the Grand Lodge of 
 the United States, they have held with the former. 
 
 MILITARY. 
 
 The Lawler Battery was organized in May, 1878, by Lieut. D. G. 
 Garvey, but it expired more than a year ago, although the gun 
 still remains in town; C. H. Husting being the last commanding 
 ofiicer. 
 
 In the town's earlier history there existed a Roman Catholic 
 Total Abstinence Society, which, in 1872, was in a healthy condi- 
 tion, and of which John McHugh was a prominent member, but 
 at present it seems to have been disbanded and the records gone to 
 "no-mans-land." 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 267 
 
 FIRES IN LAWLER. 
 
 We are indebted to the New Hampton Tribune, of September 
 26, 1877, for the following account of the first great conflagration 
 that desolated with relentless fury the town of Lawler. 
 
 "On the morning of the 21st of September, 1877, a fire broke 
 out and destroyed the entire business part of Lawler. The fire 
 originated in the drug and grocery store of Green and Lynch, 
 about 3 o'clock a. m., fi'om which it spread throughout the entire 
 block. When it reached the billiard hall of John Doyle it leaped 
 across the street and attacked Mrs. M. F. Binns' dry goods and 
 millinery store, from which it spread through the block on the 
 north side of the street, and from thence to the grain warehouses, 
 by the railroad track. By a vigorous and determined effort the 
 flames were arrested before they crossed the street, at G. Miller & 
 Co.'s, where all who were engaged stood to their post with un- 
 flinching zeal, notwithstanding the flames were rolling around 
 them and threatening instant destruction. Had it not been for 
 their unceasing and faithful efforts, the entire length of Main 
 street would have been burned. Below we give the losses and 
 insurances : 
 
 Loss. Insurance. 
 
 Green & Lynch, drugs $12,000 $3,000 , 
 
 Kean Bros., Times office 1,000 
 
 D. G. West, law library 800 
 
 E. A. Erwin, jewelry 4,800 
 
 Miss E. Lawrence 1,500 300 
 
 Jno. Doyle, billiard hall 2,500 
 
 J. M. Cailiff, carpenter tools 200 
 
 Fitzsimmons Bros., saloon 1,000 400 
 
 J. Fitzsimmons, groceries 5,000 3,000 
 
 F. Clarkin, books 1,000 200 
 
 M. Martin, groceries 2,500 800 
 
 Pat. Lewis, house 600 
 
 J. A. Real, butcher shop 100 
 
 W. M. O'Brien, confectionery 750 
 
 P. O'Reilly, dry goods, etc 5,000 1,500 
 
 Jno. Nicholas, dry goods 6,000 3,200 
 
 Lovejoy & McFarland, dry goods 6,000 6,000 
 
 rson Ober, household goods 400 
 
268 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 Mrs. M. F. Binns, milinery , etc 4,500 800 
 
 M. W. Martin, household goods 1,500 600 
 
 Genshow & Co., hardware 3,500 800 
 
 H. Ditmars, household goods 400 
 
 Padden Bros,, house 1,000 
 
 A. P. Johnson, bakery 1,000 
 
 Jeff. Woodward, household goods 300 
 
 I. N. Baker & Co., drugs 2,400 
 
 Lawler Library 500 
 
 Kerby & McHugh, bankers 6,000 2,500 
 
 H. Duryea, shoemaker 500 
 
 Bassett, Hunting & Co., grain ware- 
 house : 2,500 2,000 
 
 Gilchrist & Co., grain warehouse 1,000 1,000 
 
 S. A. Potter, grain warehouse 800 
 
 Argall & Leonard, grain warehouse 1,000 
 
 Mrs. Clias. Argall, household goods 700 
 
 Robinson & Co., grain warehouse 1,600' 600 
 
 C, M. & St. P. R. R 100 
 
 W. J. Cramer., 200 
 
 King's Hotel 100 
 
 T. H. Kosten 500 
 
 Jno. Reilly 100 
 
 F. E. Baker 500 
 
 Miscellaneous items in sums less than 
 
 $100.. 2,650 
 
 Total $83,500 $26,450 
 
 The conflagration left many without a home for the coming 
 winter, but they were provided for as best could be. Jno. Fitz- 
 simmons has purchased the building of Jno. Reilly and has 
 opened a saloon. 
 
 The town will be rebuilt, or a part of it, this fall, with brick, 
 will retain its former business, and add nearly as much more. A 
 relief committee has been appointed to distribute the donations 
 that have been sent in. The gentlemen are Messrs. Kerby, Blackett, 
 Hedrick, McKone, and Martin; John McHugh, treasurer, and H. 
 C. Geeting, secretary. At present writing Nashua has sent in 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 269 
 
 forty Backs of flour and some groceries, which came in time of 
 need."- 
 
 Again, on February 15, 1879, the demon of fire waved his torch 
 over the town, and ruin, as usual, followed in his footsteps. We 
 give the account of a correspondent of the New Hampton Tribune, 
 of February 19th, who signs himself, "One who was there." 
 
 "About 1 :30, on Sunday morning, February 15th, the fire was 
 first discovered climbing the north wall of John McNevin's saloon. 
 The alarm was sounded at once, and exertions were made to arrest 
 the flames in their incipiency, but without effect, and the fire soon 
 enveloped the entire building, and in less than an hour the Ijuild- 
 ings of R. D. Parker, John McNevins, King's hotel, Wolf's barber 
 shop, and the Exchange bank were in ashes. 
 
 Men and boys worked with a will and desperately to subdue the 
 flames, and had action been taken a little earlier in the pulling 
 down process the bank might have been saved. The losses are 
 about as follows: 
 
 Loss. Insurance, 
 
 R. D. Parker, building and stock $2,500 $1,500 
 
 J. McNevins, building, billiard tables, 
 
 and stock 1,500 500 
 
 Wm. King, hotel 2,500 '1,000 
 
 Wolf, barber shop 250 
 
 Exchange bank building 1,200 
 
 Total $7,950 $3,000 
 
 Th >re was no insurance on the Exchange bank building, as the 
 policy had just expired. 
 
 No one will ever know how the fire originated, but it is supposed 
 that one of the side-lamps exploded and set the building on fire. 
 Yet, it seems doubtful that the lamp was the cause, from the fact 
 that they had, at about 12 o'clock at night, scrubbed out the 
 saloon, and are certain that the lamps were properly extinguished 
 when they left. But they might have been mistaken, and the 
 lamp being low it heated and caused the explosion, if there 
 was one. 
 
 Too much praise cannot be given to certain bold men, who risked 
 their lives, at several critical turns of the fire — especially Charles 
 Jones, to whose indomitable pluck we may attribute the saving of 
 
270 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 the buildings east of the bank. None of the parties burned out 
 are despondent, and before long new and better buildings will 
 occupy the sites now vacant. No one was seriously injured and 
 the furniture was nearly all saved except that of Mr. Parker, who 
 lost everything, including a large amount of salt pork and beef in 
 his cellar. 
 
 The bank saved everything except the big sale, which was not 
 much injured, and was doing duty again in about twenty-four 
 hours." 
 
 We find, once more, that the fire-fiend visited this doomed town 
 of Lawler and wrapped it in his mantle of flames, and again the 
 smoke of the sacrifice arose on his altar, and the best part of the 
 business portion of the town was laid in ashes, and blackened 
 piles of half burned timbers, and rank desolation brooded in the 
 midst of what was the most flourishing part of it. On the morning 
 of Saturday, November 17, 1881, about one o'clock, fire was dis- 
 covered issuing from the rear of the store of H. S. Blackett. The 
 alarm aroused the citizens, but facilities for extinguishing the 
 flames being wanting, they soon became masters of the situation 
 and devoured, with greedy maw, many of the best buildings with 
 their contents. We collate the following losses as carefully 
 estimated by the citizens: 
 
 Loss. Insurance, 
 
 H. S. Blackett, building and stock $10,500 $4,500 
 
 G. Miller, stock 4,000 1,700 
 
 P. O'Reilly, two buildings, stables, corn 
 
 cribs, etc., with household furniture... 9;000 2,500 
 
 Sebarger & Broky, building 1,500 
 
 0. G. Gershow, building 600 
 
 Jno. McNevin, loss covered by insur- 
 ance. 
 Orson Ober, partial loss of household 
 goods. 
 
 A. Bechtel, building, stock, etc 1,800 800 
 
 A. P. Johnson, boots and shoes, and 
 
 millinery 1,100 800 
 
 Patrick Lewis, two buildings 600 
 
 0. C. Steen, building and loss on goods 700 400 
 
 Jas. McKone, building 500 300 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 271 
 
 Jas. Curran, moving stock 200 200 
 
 M. Martin, building and stock 1 ,800 1 ,400 
 
 Total $32,300 $12,600 
 
 PAPERS. 
 
 During the year 1870 Bryan J. Castle founded a newspaper 
 called The Lawler Gazette, which had an existence of about a year, 
 when it was sold out and the outfit of the oflice removed from, 
 the town. On the 9th of April, 1875, The Chickasaw County 
 Times made its first appearance, a five column quarto, owned and 
 edited by Frank M. Haislet, now owner of the New Hampton 
 Tribune. It met with considerable success, and on the 12th of 
 April, the following year, Mr. Haislet was bought out by the Kean 
 Bros. (Mathew and Patrick), who carried it on for two years and a 
 half, when it passed into the hands of Messrs. Cooney & Konzen? 
 who changed its name to The Lawler Times, and they having 
 essayed to make it a paying investment without success disposed 
 of it; after lying still for some time the material was removed to 
 Waucoma. 
 
 ^mi 
 
272 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 Township History; Location and Early Settlements of Day- 
 ton, Washington, Chickasaw, Richland, Deerfield, Jack- 
 son, Utica and Dresden Townships; General Remarks; 
 Little Brown Church at Bradford. 
 
 CHICKASAW township, 
 
 consists of that part of the county, known as 95 north, 14 west, and 
 contains thirty-six sections of fine fertile land, and is well watered 
 by the west branch of the Wapsie River; and by the Little Cedar 
 and its affluents. Next to Bradford, this is the best timbered por- 
 tion of the county, quite heavy belts of trees lining the streams on 
 each side. The principal business of the inhabitants being grazing 
 and raising the necessary fodder to feed their stock, a mixed state 
 of farming that pays well, to judge from the fine farms and farm 
 houses, that so plentifully dot its beautiful prairies. 
 
 In making up the history of this town, we are much indebted to 
 William Tucker, now a resident of Washington, D. C, but formerly 
 one of the oldest and most influential citizens of this section. 
 His letter to us, detailing the events of his early advent in Chick- 
 asaw county, gives as much history of the town, as can be procur- 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 273 
 
 ed, and hence^we freely quoted from it, although much of it may- 
 be a repetition of some things mentioned elsewhere, but it would 
 break the thread of his narrative, and spoil a good story well told. 
 
 "In November, 1853," relates Mr. Tucker, "I left West Union, on 
 horseback, to go to Bradford, this was early in the month. A 
 Mrs. Finch lived at the farthest point west, about twelve miles from 
 West Union, between that place and the Cedar river, and kept folks 
 going to and from those points which were over forty miles apart. 
 
 I arrived there in the evening and staid all night, intending to 
 make an early start in the morning. But when I arose, I found 
 the ground covered with snow, which had fallen during the night. 
 I was advised not to venture, so I returned to West Union, for two 
 days, when I started to try again, and foun I on my arrival at Mrs. 
 Finch's that no teams had come from the west, nor gone in that 
 direction, since the snow had fallen. I hesitated, somewhat, about 
 starting, but as it was clear as well as cold, I made the venture as 
 I was on horseback, after getting my bearings. When about half 
 way, I met Mr. Merritt, with two yoke of oxen, who had come 
 through from Bradford; he told me to follow his back track and I 
 would be all right, that he had cut the ice in the streams so I could 
 get through; this was good news for me. 
 
 "The monotony of the journey was only broken, occasionally, by 
 the sight of droves of deer passing Irom grove to grove, and a few 
 elk in the distance. I had some difficulty in crossing the Wapsies 
 as it had frozen after Mr. Merritt had crossed, but not enough to 
 bear my horse up. Night overtook me, however, before I got to 
 Bradford, arid seeing a light, off to my right, that looked near by 
 I left the trail and steered for it, but found it much further than I 
 anticipated. About 9 o'clock, after some plunging in snow-drifts — 
 tired and hungry — I struck the cabin from which the light ema- 
 nated. Here I found William and Joel Bartlett, brothers, each 
 with a family of children, occujDying the cabin. Joel had, that 
 day, buried his wife. They were living on section twenty-six, 
 town 95, 14. This was my first night in Chickasaw township. 
 After partaking of cornbread, milk, and venison, I slept soundly 
 till morning. They told me that there were ten families living in 
 T. 95, R. 14, viz: their own; Mr. Watson and Mr. Blunt on section 
 twenty-nine; Joseph Lee, andL. D. Hoisington and father on sec- 
 tion eleven, the latter being a little deranged, spent most of his time 
 
274 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 under a large oak tree, by himself. One day he came up missing 
 and the whole country turned out to search for him; the hunt 
 extended for miles and for several days, but never got any trace of 
 him. Some years afterwards, some bones were found, near the 
 Wapsie, in Bremer county, which were supposed to have been his. 
 The younger Hoisington went to Kansas afterwards. M. Jarrad 
 and Samuel Monroe lived on section twenty-two. The former left 
 for Minnesota, in a few years, and Monroe went to Nebraska but 
 returned, and now lives at Bassett. James Frazee, was on section 
 five, living in wagons and building a place for shelter as fast as 
 they could; he was afterwards the first county treasurer and re- 
 corder. (This is evidently a slip of the memory as John Campbell, 
 occupied that position, according to the records. — Ed) Mr. Kountz 
 lived in the woods on section thirty. 
 
 "Next morning I went to Bradford, and learned there, that,there 
 were about fifteen families in the township, besides a small num- 
 ber of young men, and others who had no families with them. 
 
 "Among these was one H. K. Johnson, acting justice of the 
 peace at the town of Bradford and the one who administered the 
 first oath in the county, (legal, not profane.) (The story is told 
 elsewhere, in the history of Bradford township and we will not 
 repeat it here. — Ed.) 
 
 "Andy Sample went that winter to get a stock of groceries, to 
 open a store," continues Mr. Tucker, when he returned; and I saw 
 them unload his sled, I asked him where his groceries were; he 
 said: "In the barrels." "That looks like whiskey," I said; "yes;" 
 was the reply. When I got ready to buy, I studied what would 
 . sell best and quickest and pay the most profit; and concluded 
 it was whiskey and bought a barrel; then I studied again and 
 thought of whiskey, and kept on thinking and buying until I had 
 purchased five barrels of the stuff, and I guess I was about right. 
 G. R. Rowley, was one of the prominent men ol that town, and 
 one of the freest and most open-hearted men I have ever met — 
 ready to divide his last meal with any one — his house was open 
 for all. He had a number of boarders, young men seeking their 
 fortunes in the mighty west, and it was a lively place. In 
 1857 he went to Iowa City, to attend the Republican convention; 
 a resolution was offered, before the meeting, that the motto of the 
 party be "liberty or death," and he immediately amended it by 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 275 
 
 proposing as a substitute, that it be; "Root hog or die." 
 
 Among his boarders were E. R. Gillett, our first Republican 
 representative; M. F. Gillett, the now noted Greenbacker of Bremer 
 county, and others. 
 
 "At the first election in the county, there were about fifty votes 
 polled; and a barrel of whiskey with the head knocked out, and a 
 quart dipper to drink out of stood by the polls. It sometimes 
 took two men to hold up the voter long enough for him to cast his 
 ballot. I remember, distinctly, one man that was elected justice 
 of the peace, being held up in that condition while he voted; 
 (we have improved some on that since, for at the last election in 
 Chickasaw township, the only man on the ground that was drunk, 
 was elected justice of the peace, to spite the amendment folks.) 
 
 "Hon. James S. Wilson, of Dubuque, was the first district judge. 
 The first time he came to hold court, he drove his ponies up to a 
 log cabin prepared for the purpose, and without getting out of his 
 buggy, told the sheriff to open court; which was accordingly done, 
 and court was held under the canopy of Heaven, like the Vehme- 
 gericht, of old. "Mr. Clerk," said he, "are there any cases on the 
 docket." "No sir," was the reply; "make a record, and Mr. Sheriff 
 adjourn the court;" was the judges answer; which was done, 
 and off he drove. If the lawyers had stayed away from this 
 section, this might be the case now, in all probability. 
 
 "James Lyon, of Crane Creek, a trapper, was our first county 
 judge. The first time he came to Bradford to hold court; he 
 walked over from his home. I think I see him now, as he came 
 into the village, he was remarkably clean and starched up, his 
 blue denim overalls, which he wore for pants, had been washed 
 until they had shrunk half way to his knees. We, however, 
 thought ourselves equal to the emergency. In the course of the 
 •evening we made up a purse to buy him a new pair of pants, but 
 when it was mentioned to him in the morning; he disdained the 
 offer with scorn, with remarks about being bribed. 
 
 "The winter of 1853-4, was a very severe one, but at one time 
 during the season it sets in and thawed, the rain melting the snow 
 •of which there was plenty, all off. As we had been corralled all 
 winter by the cold and snow, we concluded to go coon hunting. 
 We divided into parties, three in each, Andy Sample, Cal Goddard 
 •and myself in one, and James Rowley, Doc. Haynes, and another, 
 in the other. We each took a wagon and team, feed and provis- 
 
276 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 ions. Our company crossed the Wapsie 2 o^clock p. m., fording 
 the stream, took a hmch — baited the team, and started for coon. 
 It was then warm, but in less than two hours we were driven back 
 by a severe storm and heavy fall of snow. We consulted what to 
 do, and concluded to remain where we were, and save ourselves as 
 best we could, rather than risk freezing to death, by trying to 
 move from the grove. We cut down a number of young white 
 oaks, with the leaves on, and made a good windbreak. Behind 
 this we moved our wagon and team, and building a rousing fire, 
 and made the best of it, till morning. About 9 o'clock, next day 
 we decided to get back home, if we could, the wind blowing hard; 
 we crossed on the ice, with team, at the same place we had forded 
 the afternoon before, and got home before night, all safe, and not 
 even frosted. The other party were not so lucky, as frozen toes, 
 fingers and noses testified, and which they nursed tenderly the 
 balance of the winter. The Dr. and 1 amused ourselves the rest of 
 the season, breaking and training a young elk, to work in a sleigh. 
 We took a trip to Cedar Falls with him, about forty miles 
 away, and on our return, a dog ran out from Barrett's house, at 
 Janesville, and barked at our quadruped, who became unmanagable 
 and took after the dog, who run and jumped the fence into the 
 yard; the elk followed him and- left us hanging on the fence, in a 
 dilapidated condition. 
 
 "Mr Brink was our first postmaster; the conditions on which 
 the office was granted, was that we should carry our own mails 
 from Cedar Falls for the proceeds of the office; (no Star Routes 
 then,) in no case was the government to pay anything. Howard, 
 Floyd, Mitchell and Chickasaw counties got their mail at Brad- 
 ford. I made seven trips that winter, for mail, to Cedar Falls, 
 forty miles and back, at my own expense, four days to a trip, 
 through the snow; and found that no mail had come through 
 from Dubuque, three times out of the seven. 
 
 "Work on the saw mill at the town of Chickasaw was com- 
 menced, and the town surveyed, platted and commenced in 1854. 
 The plank and other lumber had to be hauled from Auburn, 
 through the sloughs, bridges being represented by an unknown 
 quantity. 
 
 "The first school was taught by Miss Jane Billings, in a house 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 277 
 
 I built myself; she taught two terms, and I paid her, before we 
 were organized for school purposes. 
 
 "Among the first pastors were Elder Lash, a member of the 
 United Brethren, and Elder Prentiss, a free will Baptist minister, 
 these did most excellent service. There was also a close com- 
 munion Baptist, whose name I have forgotten, who came down 
 from Charles City; he was a good one and most eloquent and 
 always had full congregations until a job was put up on him, in 
 the following manner. There was an Irish protestant family in 
 the vicinity; they were very devoted, always at meeting. They 
 had a child born, and when the minister had finished preaching a 
 most eloquent sermon, these people were induced to walk up to 
 him with the babe in arms, and ask the minister if he would 
 "please to christen" it for her. The sensation is easier imagined 
 than described; the minister went home with me to dinner, but 
 did not mentioned it or ever came back again. 
 
 "I was the first merchant and the first notary public, there be- 
 ing no officer, for some time after I went to live there, to take 
 acknowledgement of deeds or to administer oaths. I had several 
 applications to marry couples, but I had to send them to West 
 Union. 
 
 "Mr. Gaddis, was the first regular carpenter, Cal. Goddard, the 
 first regular shingle maker. Messrs. Albertson, Waite and Bald- 
 win, built the first grist mill, and Mr. Garling house, the first 
 steam saw mill; these both 1855. 
 
 During the winter of 1853-4, a Mr. Clawson, who was at the 
 head of a colony at St. Ausgar came down the Cedar, with a lot of 
 men on snowshoes and with hand sleds, to get flour and provis- 
 ions to keep his people from starving." The above, which is 
 copied almost verbatim from Mr. Tucker's letter, covers most of 
 the ground, but little can be added, but we will endeavor to give 
 that little, gathered from a multitude of sources. 
 
 According to tradition the first settlers in the township were 
 Abram Cagley, Russell Baldwin, Jerome Watson, and Messrs. 
 Hines, Keesley, Hoff"man and Bishop, but the exact date of their 
 location, or the order of it, cannot be stated with the accuracy 
 that is desirable, but the weight of evidence seems to point to the 
 years 1853 and 4. 
 
 We have the best of evidence for the statement, that the first 
 
278 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 child born within the limits of the township, was H. Bartlett, 
 whose advent in 1855, was an event to be remembered by the few 
 scattered settlers. 
 
 Ionia is now the most important place in the township, but the 
 time was, before the laying of the railroad, that Chickasaw town 
 was one of the most flourishing in the county; but its "glory hath 
 departed," and now, Ionia carries the pre-eminence, and contains 
 a population of 350 souls, supporting two churches, a fine public 
 public school, two hotels, etc. • 
 
 An old settler reports, that, the country was so healthy that for 
 several years after laying out the cemetery, there were no deaths, 
 but a man, a stranger whose name never was known, was picked 
 up near the banks of the Wapsie, in a dying condition. He was 
 tended with the greatest sympathy, but he died and thus started 
 the grave yard. 
 
 The township was organized in 1855, according to an order of 
 the court, issued during the March term of that year. 
 
 Bassett, a thriving village, lying on the line of the railroad, 
 about four miles west of Chickasaw or Ionia, is also within this 
 township, and is quite a business point. 
 
 DAYTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 For many of the following facts concerning Dayton township, 
 we are indebted to an article prepared for the Chickasaw County 
 Historical Society, by L. J. Young, and published in the New 
 Hampton Courier of March 18th, 1881. The township of Dayton 
 comprises the territory in the congressional township of 95 north 
 of range 13 west. The surface is somewhat rolling, but no portion 
 of it is hilly. The west fork of the Wapsipinicon river enters the 
 township near the corner of sections 7 and 18, and runs in a 
 southwesterly direction through sections 18, 19, 20, 29 and 32. 
 The middle fork enters near the line between sections 4 and 5, and 
 runs nearly south through sections 4, 9, 16, 21, 28 and 33. These 
 streams abounded in beaver, otter, mink and muskrat, at an early 
 date. Timber in this township is plentiful and generally evenly 
 distributed; it is principally jack oak, burr oak and hickory. 
 There are no stone quarries, but boulders convertible into build- 
 ing stone, or for walling wells and cellars, by blasting or drilling 
 and splitting, are found on the prairies, and at the heads of sloughs. 
 The soil is generally a rich loam, with clay subsoil. Good water 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 278 
 
 is generally obtainable by digging to a depth of from ten to sixteen 
 feet. The township is especially well adapted to stock-raising and 
 dairying, industries which are constantly receiving increasingly 
 profitable attention. 
 
 The first appearance of settlement in Dayton township was 
 made by a land speculator, in the shape of an entry of a valuable 
 tract of timber, some time during the month of May, 1853, it ha,v- 
 ing been Mr. Young's opinion that "greedy speculators" were 
 largely responsible for retarding the township's actual settlement 
 and growth. 
 
 The first settlers to come into the township were William Mil- 
 
 likan, an Irishman, and Smith, of Illinois. They pitched 
 
 their tent on the east half of section 23. William Millikan pre- 
 empted the northeast quarter and Smith the southeast quarter in 
 September, 1854. During the same month William Millikan 
 erected a "one-side roofed shanty" near Spring creek, on the land 
 he pre-empted. This place was known by hunters for miles around 
 who frequented the Wapsies for game, during the winter of 1854-5, 
 as the "Hunters' Home." Many times has its worthy host sup- 
 plied the wants of fifteen or twenty hunters, traveJers or land spec- 
 ulators in a single night. Smith disjDOsed of his claim to a land 
 speculator in the fall or beginning of the winter of 1854. "The 
 same winter," says the article from which we quote,^ "our honest 
 and worthy host of the 'Hunters' Home' was shamefully wronged 
 from the legal possession of his homestead. The facts, related to me 
 by him, were as follows: During the fall, Millikan received Intel 
 ligence that his son lay sick at Dubuque, and was not likely to 
 recover, and wished to see him. He left all his household goods 
 in his house and went to Dubuque. While he was gone a land 
 speculator with two bribed witnesses, made oath that Mr. Millikan 
 had left the country, and did not intend to return, and entered the 
 land. Mr. Millikan, being a raw Irishman, and knowing nothing 
 about the laws of our country, made no disturbance about it on 
 his return." 
 
 The first effort at tilling the soil was begun INlay 19th, 1855, on 
 the southeast quarter of section 1, by J. D. Colt, Esq., of New 
 York. He raised an excellent crop of corn the same season, on the 
 newly turned soil. Mr. Colt's prospects for making a first-class 
 farm were very flattering, when his hopes were blighted. He 
 
279 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 erected a good log house, and began to think himself comfortably 
 situated — as comfortable as a bachelor generally makes himself; 
 for Mr. Colt Avas at that time a bachelor — when, in November, 
 William Haslam, of Illinois, put in an appearance with a title to 
 • the same land from the government — Haslam 's title bearing date 
 nineteen days previous to (Jolt's. The latter gave Haslam permis- 
 sion to occupy the house, but retained possession of all the im- 
 provements till the first of March, 1856, when he gave full posses- 
 sion upon being informed that Haslam 's title would hold good. 
 Haslam paid Colt a reasonable price for the improvements, and the 
 matter was amicably adjusted to the satisfaction of both parties. 
 
 D. A. Jackson, of Pennsylvania, entered about 270 acres on the 
 21st of May, 1855. In June he commenced breaking and building a 
 house and stable on section 11. Mr. Jackson, being an eastern 
 man, began farming in true eastern style. 
 
 During the spring of this year, Benjamin Bailey, of Ohio, and 
 father of Judge Lorenzo Bailey, settled on section 34. Ker- 
 shaw and Negus settled on section 28, made some improve- 
 ments, sold in the autumn and left. J. B. Cotant, of Ohio, settled 
 on section 3, in July of the same year. Eli Darst, of Illinois, 
 came in June of this year, and made some improvements on sec- 
 tion 17. In July, E. B. Hewit settled on section 1. William S. 
 Morley came during the year, and settled on section 10. Rev. C. 
 M. Webster came in the fall of 1855, and settled on section 4, and 
 in the summer of 1856 he opened quite an extensive farm. Mr. 
 Webster was elected county surveyor in August, 1856, and was ap- 
 pointed by the ])Ostmaster general as postmaster of the Beaver 
 City postoffice, which was located at his place of residence. This 
 postoffice was subsequently relocated in Utiea township. During 
 the fall of 1855 Z. H. Morton, of Wisconsin, settled on section 14; 
 James Clark settled on section 9. Settlers came in rapidly for a 
 short time in 1856. 
 
 Da3^ton township was organized April 6, 1857. D. A. Jackson 
 Avas the organizing constable. The first election was held at Mr. 
 Jackson's house on the day just named. The "house" was "called 
 to order" by appointing Eli Darst chairman, and E. R. Gillett 
 secretary. A ballot was then taken for judges of election, resulting 
 in the choice of C."M. Webster, William S. Morley and Wesley 
 Swayze. D. A. Jackson and L. J. Young were chosen clerks o 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 280 
 
 election. The board of electors were sworn to perform their duties 
 according to law, by Rev. S. M. Prentiss, a justice of the peace of 
 Kichland township. The following officers were elected: C. M. 
 Webster, Eli Darst and Wesley Swayze, trustees, Levi. J. Young, 
 clerk; E. R. Gillett, W. S. Morley, Justices of the peace; E. B. 
 Miller, William Haslam, constables; Z. H. Morton, road supervis- 
 or. The whole number of ballots cast was twenty -three. W. S. 
 Morley and E. B. Hewit were opposing candidates for justice of 
 the peace, and received a tie vote. W. S. Morley was declared 
 elected by lot. 
 
 WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The territory comprised within the congressional township of 
 ninety-six, and the south half of ninety-seven, north, range 
 thirteen, west, is known as Washington. The surface is gently 
 undulating, rather than rolling prairie, but is of a rich, black 
 loam, that proclaims this to be one of the best townships in the 
 county for fine farm land. Like the balance of the county it is 
 well watered, the east fork of the Wapsipinicon river having its 
 source in the northern part, and flowing in a southeasterly course 
 throughout it. The "Little Wapsie" also enters the township at 
 the northwest corner of section 7, flows also in a southeasterly 
 direction, watering sections 7,18, 20, 29, 32, and 33. These streams 
 abound with fish, and the traditional stories that are told of the 
 amounts of otter, mink, and muskrats that inhabited .their waters, 
 in early days, are almost incredible. 
 
 The timber in this township is not so plentiful as in some others, 
 and what there is is composed principally of jack oak, burr oak,and 
 hickory. There is no building stone within its bounderies, except 
 the massive boulders, relics of a mineral age, which are convert- 
 able into excellent material to lay up foundation walls, or walling 
 up wells. These are found scattered all over its surface, and are 
 specimens of granitic formation; but by blasting and splitting 
 they are soon reduced and shaped to the purposes of man. Ac- 
 cording to tradition, Samuel W. Byers was the first settler within 
 its limits, but even this is disputed by some, and when "doctors 
 disagree, who can tell?" The same fortune seems to attend to 
 Washington that does to the others in the county; little, if any, 
 
281 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 settlement until 1855, then quite an immigration, so much so, that 
 at the March term of the court, 1856, the order was granted for its 
 organization as a separate township, but for some irregularity in 
 the proceedings said organization was set aside, and the township 
 was attached to that of Deerfield until April, 1859, when it was 
 once more attempted to conclude the organization, and this time 
 with success. North Washington is the only village in the to^vn- 
 ship, and is situated on the southwest quarter of section twenty, 
 on the banks of the Little Wapsie, and contains a postoffice and 
 store, a saloon, a fine Catholic church, and the usual blacksmith 
 shop; the inhabitants are mostly German, or of that extraction. 
 
 RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The earliest settlement within the limits of township 94, north, 
 range 13, west, now known as Richland, was made by Jas. B. 
 Upham, who, as early as the fall of 1854, located his farm on 
 section one, about one mile north of where the present village of 
 Williamstown stands; here he reared the family mansion, more 
 comfortable than palatial, out of the logs cut from the woods so 
 near his own door, and like Selkirk could have said he was 
 "monarch of all he surveyed," for not a neighbor for twenty miles 
 was there. 
 
 Joel Parsons and David Tingley, however, located their farms in 
 the fall of the same year, but did not move on them until in the 
 spring of 1855, when they took up their residence in the county. 
 In the same year, viz, March 20, 1855, H. H. Bailey laid claim to 
 a farm in section twelve, the same as now owned by him. With 
 him came George Bailey, Malachi Hardock and others, and 
 were followed by a colony of twenty -one persons from the town 
 of Erie, Penn. These parties procured an order from the county 
 court, at the March term, 1856, to organize the township, and pro- 
 ceeded to elect the necessary officers and lay the foundation for 
 the present system of government. 
 
 Forest City was, by some irregular proceedings of the board of 
 canvassers, declared the county seat in April, 1858, but in June of 
 the same year an information being filed in the clerk's office, the 
 court ordered a mandamus restraining the records, etc., from being 
 taken there from New Hampton, and ordering the board to correct 
 the irregularities of their return and count the votes; this was 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 282 
 
 reversed by the supreme court on an appeal being taken. The 
 court decided, however, at the spring term, 1859, that the town of 
 New Hampton had the best claim to county seatship, and the 
 records were returned to that place, and Forest City has quietly 
 retired to private life, and is now numbered with the things that 
 were. Where its streets were laid out now nods the bending corn, 
 and where its citizens trod, with the proud step of the metro- 
 politan, now echoes only to the tread of lowing kine and the 
 whistling ploughman. 
 
 The first brick edifice erected within the limits of the county 
 was built in Forest City in the year 1857, and was a woodhouse, 
 henhouse, etc., and owned by the Hon. Hiram Bailey; the mason 
 who laid the bricks in the walls was no less a personage than J. H. 
 Powers, now one of the most shining lights of the Chickasaw 
 county bar. These bricks were burned in a kiln owned and 
 operated by Zelotes and Thompson Bailey, who enjoy the credit of 
 making the first bricks ever manufactured in the county. 
 
 Williamstown has absorbed all that was of Forest City, and still 
 remains a small, though enterprising, village. It seems that Wm. 
 Grant applied for a postoffice at or near Forest City, and gave it 
 the name of Williamstown, but in 1877 it was moved to the corners 
 where it is now located. The first postmaster after its removal 
 was W. Hood, who still retains the onerous ofiice. The store is 
 owned b}'^ Hood & Bailey, who also own the creamery. 
 
 The town also boasts of a neat and tasty church, in which the 
 Methodist Episcopal denomination meet for worship. It was 
 erected during the year 1881, by Bennett Bros., of New Hampton, 
 at a cost of SI, 825, and reflects great credit upon them for the 
 substantial and workmanlike, in which it has been built. It is of 
 frame, 26x42 feet, and has a seating capacity of about 250. The 
 present pastor, who presides over the spiritual welfare of this 
 flock, whose number is about fifty -five, is Elder Jno. Jones. And 
 here it would, perhaps, be as well to say that Rev. Samuel Prentiss 
 delivered the first sermon in the township at an early day, but the 
 exact date our informants were not agreed on. 
 
 The educational interests of the younger generations are insured 
 by a fine school, Avhich is open the whole year, and under the wise 
 administration of Principal Milo George, and Assistant Principal 
 Bradley A. Lillebridge, the sixty-five pupils make the necessary 
 
283 HISTOEY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. * 
 
 progress. Anna Lillebridge is secretary and treasurer of the school 
 board of the district. 
 
 DEERFIELD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 We have been so fortunate as to obtain the MSS. of a historical 
 sketch of Deerfield township, written by I. A. Sawin, in 1859, 
 which, as a concise and accurate account of the township to that 
 year, we quote in full: 
 
 "Deerfield township embraces town 96, range 14, and the south 
 half of town 97. The surface is generally undulating, or gently 
 rolling, being in no part hilly. The bottom land of the streams, 
 say one-half mile in width, is nearly level. The West Wapsie 
 enters the township near the northwest corner, and runs its entire 
 length in a direction east of south. The Middle Wapsie runs a few 
 miles through the northeast corner of the township, also in a 
 southeasterly direction. I believe there are no good mill sites on 
 the streams. The water is good and furnishes great facilities for 
 raising stock. The larger portion ol the township is prairie. 
 Valuable groves of timber, principally of the kind known as jack 
 oak, are found along the streams and in the northern part. This 
 timber is excellent for fencing, being easily made into rails. A 
 single acre has been known to yield four or five thousand. Timber 
 for building purposes is very scarce. 
 
 "The soil is generally of rich sandy loam from one to three feet 
 in depth, lying on a clayey subsoil. Water of excellent quality is 
 obtained by digging from twelve to twenty feet. In the nort^i 
 center of ninety -six, extending into ninety -seven, is a tract of 
 several hundred acres of limestone land, furnishing inexhaustible 
 quarries for lime and for building. 
 
 "Wild animals, which abounded at the time of settlement, are 
 now scarce. A few deer, of the hundreds which once abounded 
 here, are all that now remain. A small pack of grey wolves — 
 perhaps half a dozen — still make their home with us. The prairie 
 wolf — a skulking, cowardly brute, which sometimes, though 
 seldom, performs the feat of robbing a henroost — is quite plenty. 
 A few wildcats, badgers and raccoons are also found. Of amphibia 
 the beaver, otter, muskrat, and mink are quite plenty. 
 
 "The southeast quarter of section three abounds with the remains 
 of human skeletons, and on the surrounding prairie, to the distance 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 284 
 
 of two miles, they are occasionally found. When the first settlers 
 came upon the ground, in 1854, the stench arising from the 
 slaughter ground was yet quite strong. I have not yet been able 
 to obtain a very clear or autlientic account of this massacre, by 
 which several hundred human beings must have lost their lives; 
 but the following, obtained at second-hand, two years ago, from a 
 Winnebago Indian, is submitted in the hope that inquiry may be 
 stimulated and more certain information be procured: 
 
 "About twelve ye?rs ago — or say in 1847 — a party of Sioux 
 warriors left their old men, women, and children, to the number 
 of three hundred or more, here, and proceeded to Prairie du Chien. 
 A party of Winnebago warriors found the camp in this unprotected 
 condition, and murdered every soul. They then took the road to 
 the Mississippi, and meeting the returning Sioux warriors, settled 
 the affair by paying them fifty ponies as an indemnity. The 
 skeletons, many of which were those of infants, corroborate the 
 main facts of this account, but the time given does not agree with 
 the statements of the first settlers, or the well known condition of 
 the skeletons in 1856, many of which were entire at that time. I 
 think the date of the massacre must be later than that given in the 
 above account. 
 
 "On the 5th of May, 1854, the first 25ernianent settlement was 
 made in this township. Almon Harris, of Massachusetts, John 
 Spurr, Myrick Spurr, and Edwin Hale pitched their tents on 
 sections three and four, and immediately commenced imj^rove- 
 nients. Mr. Harris is still a citizen of the townshij?; the other 
 three have left. Though a mechanic by trade, Mr. Harris' efforts 
 at farming are successful in bringing under cultivation a quarter 
 section of the most beautiful prairie, and at this time, September 
 1859, he is building a substantial frame building, ample for all the 
 purposes of his farm. His nearest neighbor was James Frazee, of 
 Chickasaw, seven miles distant. 
 
 "The second settler was William Morris, an Englishman by 
 birth, wh« settled on section eight in the latter part of May, 1854, 
 and who is still a resident of the township. About the same time 
 Abner Gallup also settled on section eight, but did not remain 
 long. William Doyle and Mrs. Martha Harris came in early in 
 the spring of 1855, and settled in the northern part of the town- 
 ship. M. P. Choat settled in the southern part about the same 
 
285 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. • 
 
 time, and immigrants now came in so rapidly that in the autumn 
 of 1856 there were nearly as many settlers as at the present time. 
 
 "I am not aware that any mineralogical or geological examina- 
 tions have been made by scientific men. I am informed by C. H» 
 Dore, Esq., tliat while digging a well on the farm of David Love- 
 lace, on sections 12 — 96, at the depth of sixteen feet pieces of 
 timber resembling cedar trees of several inches in diameter were 
 taken out. Small specimens of coal were also found, which 
 ignited and burned readily. While digging a cellar on the farm 
 of Heman Culver, Esq., I found many specimens of a petrified 
 nut, resembling tlie Madeira nut in every particular, save that they 
 were larger. 
 
 "Deerfield township was organized April 7, 1856. William F. 
 Wright was the organizing officer. The first election was held at 
 the house of C. D. French on the same day. Heman Culver, 
 Jacob A. Cummins, and M. P. Choat were judges, and William F. 
 Wright, and J. G. Farnum, clerks. The following is a list of the 
 officers chosen: 
 
 Trustees— M. P. Choat, M. D. Harris, and C. D. French. 
 
 Justices of the peace — Heman Culver, and T. W. Ashley. 
 
 Clerk— J. G. Farnum. 
 
 Assessor — Jacob A. Cummins. 
 
 Constables — D. Jared, and Willard Bennett. 
 
 Road supervisor — Chauncey Boyes. 
 
 Whole number of votes cast, 24. 
 
 The almost total destruction of the crops of 1858, caused by the 
 extraordinary floods of that season, reduced many settlers to ex- 
 tremities, and many subsisted during the year on the barest 
 necessaries of life. Again, this season, 1859, the farmer is doomed 
 to the almost total loss of his corn by the frost of September 2d. 
 But such is the energetic character of the people, that but little 
 discouragement is manifested. They feel confident that a suc- 
 cession of good seasons, which must soon follow, will relieve them 
 of their embarrassments and repay them for all their toil and 
 privations. Seldom does an entire township present a more 
 industrious population. I do not know of a single ablebodied 
 individual, who does not obey the scriptural injunction, to earn 
 his bread by laborious industry. Surely, if any community de- 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 286 
 
 serves a bountiful supply of the necessaries of life, this community 
 ought to receive it." 
 
 JACKSONVILLE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Jacksonville township embraces all of the territory known as 
 townships 96, and south half of 97, north, and 12, west, and con- 
 tains a township and a half, surveyors measure, or 54 sections. 
 Like the balance of the county it is well watered. Crane and Plum 
 creeks, and the Little Wapsie traversing its almost entire length. 
 The soil is rich, dark soil, as most bottom lands are, with the 
 exception of some sandy spot near the creeks and river. The 
 juicy grasses, which cover the unfilled portion of the land, are 
 such as to draw the attention of much of the farming community 
 to the business of stock raising and grazing, and we find this to he 
 the principal mode of farming, although some land is given to 
 raising corn, wheat, oats, barley, timothy, and other grains and 
 seeds. 
 
 Of the early settlement of this township it is impossi])lc to 
 decide who was the first to locate within its bounderies, but the 
 weight of evidence seems to indicate that Henry Shaffer was the 
 first pioneer who located therein; the date of his settlement was 
 1853. Hazzard Green located himself in 1854, and seems to have 
 been the second, but we find among those that came the same year 
 the names of John Davidson, Hiram Palmer, R. H. Mills, T. E. 
 Mills, J. Fitzpatrick, Frank Dane, John Conner, S. Shaft, and B. 
 B. Orton. The following year many more located in 'the same 
 township, among them D. R. Kerby, now the banker in the town 
 of Lawler, and Francis Clarkin. 
 
 Hazzard Green built the first house in the township, a log hotel 
 on what was later the plat of the town of Jacksonville. This- 
 hotel he was landlord of until 1857, when it was torn down. 
 Shortly after he erected it, Allen and Wilkerson, of McGregor, 
 built a branch store at this place, the first in the township, this was 
 in the fall of 1855. It was a board shanty 14x20, erected in a 
 week, no plastering adorned the walls, and, the winter being a 
 severe one, the wind and weather kept the temperature within it 
 at so low an ebb that John R. Jarrett, who was manager and Clerk 
 (now a prominent merchant of McGregor, Iowa,) was compelled 
 to wear his overcoat and overshoes all the time to keep comfort- 
 
287 HISTORY OP CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 able. The first blacksmith in the place was — White and Julius P. 
 North opened a hardware and tinware store in the same 3'ear. In 
 the year 1856, the proprietors of the ground on which the town of 
 Jacksonville now stands, seeing from this growing settlement that 
 a town would eventually spring up there laid out and platted it 
 and and put the lots in market. At this time the hotel, stores of 
 Allen &. AVilkerson and J. P. North the blacksmith shop and the 
 dwelling houses of Messrs. White and North comprised the whole 
 of the town yet it was of considerable importance being a stopping 
 place on the roads from Dubuque to Austin, Albert Lea, etc. 
 
 All the goods at this time were brought from, Dubuque except 
 flour and tliat was from the nearest mills at Clermont, Elgin and 
 Elkader, and all the freight for the places beyond traveled the 
 thorough fare that passed through Jacksonville township. Hazzard 
 Green at this time was landlord of the hotel, justice of the peace 
 and postmaster, for he had by his efforts succeeded in having a 
 postoffice located here as early as 1855. Although he and several 
 other parties had to bear the expense of supporting the stage 
 which brought the mail from West Union, this they did for accom- 
 modation of the- ]:»eople as no postal route was laid out from that 
 place. 
 
 Jacksonville at its first organization was united with Utica, and 
 the two together were known as. Obispo township; the date of this 
 first organization is gained from an order of the county judge at 
 the March term of court 1855, wherein is ordered the organizing, 
 •and necessary election, of Obispo township. But at the March term 
 1858, by order of the court the townships were separated and 
 ■organized as they now are, and this one named, Jacksonville, by 
 one of the parties who was influential in the movement, a Mr. 
 Dickinson, who came from Jacksonville, Ills. 
 
 The first school according to the best accounts was one opened in 
 the town of Jacksonville during 1855, and taught by aman by 
 the name of Cole, although it is claimed that a school was taught 
 in a log cabin near Crane Creek the year before, by a son-in-law of 
 Dickinson's, but of this there remains nothing certain, and the 
 question remains involved in some obscurity. 
 
 The first preaching in the town was from the lips of "Elder 
 Dickinson" as he is commonly called to this day, and occurred in 
 the year 1856. In that year there were two church societies 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 288 
 
 formed, a Methodist and a Baptist, but neither ever erected a 
 church; nor has there ever been one built in the town yet, al- 
 though several are scattered throughout the township, both of 
 these societies worshipped in the school house. 
 
 During the panic of 1857, the town, like many others scattered 
 throughout our grand old state, suffered from the effect of the col- 
 lapse in values, and the wheat crop of that year seems to have 
 failed, for man}' old settlers relate how in that year starvation 
 stared them in the face; all winter they fought the wolf from 
 the door, soft corn was their only food and especially 
 blessed was he that had enough of that; every merchant failed 
 and went under, and the whole business ot the place seemed to be 
 paralyzed; long had they to remember that terrible winter; and it 
 seems that the town has never recovered from it, even to this day 
 there is no business transacted there, and, but a feeble remnant of 
 a town is visible. 
 
 Early in its history, Dr. Edw. Hubbard located himself at the 
 town and commenced the practice of medicine, but the country 
 proved so healthy, that he lingered along for several years and see- 
 ing that his chances to acquire a fortune were small, he "departed 
 for pastures new" and for many years the place was without a 
 physician, and as for lawyers it is said none ever settled within its 
 limits. 
 
 Jacksonville township has but little of the eventful in its his- 
 tory that would make it interesting, but it has been said "that the 
 less there is of history to write about a place, the more it demon- 
 strates that its existence has been peaceful." 
 
 At one time there were several stores in addition to those named 
 above among which we find — the names of Dickinson & Vaughn, 
 Kerby and Lynch and others. A store kept by John VanAuken 
 now of Lawler, was the last in the place. 
 
 UTICA TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This is the eastern of the northern tier of townships. It is well 
 watered by the Little Turkey river, which enters it on section 19, 
 township 97, north range IJ, west, and running in a southeasterly 
 course passes out on section 25, township 96, range 11, west; and 
 by Crane creek, which irrigates the southwestern quarter. The 
 land is fine rolling prairie, interspersed with good timber; the 
 
289 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 latter being particularly fine on the creek and river bottoms. 
 There is a postoffice at Saude in the northern part of the township, 
 but most of the community avail themselves of the Lawler post- 
 office, which is most convenient of access, besides being their prin- 
 cipal shipping and trading point. This township was united to 
 Jacksonville and known as Obispo, until March, 1858, when they 
 were seperated by order of the county court and organized on 
 their present basis. 
 
 This is a purely agricultural and stock-raising township, no 
 towns or villages dot its prairies, and with the exception above 
 mentioned no postoffices, are located therein. 
 
 The northern part of it is largely populated by the Scandina\dan 
 element, but in the southern part the Irish and native American 
 prevails. 
 
 Tradition hath it that the first settler in what is how Utica 
 township was Jas. Lyon, or as he is familiarly known; "Judge 
 Lyon" who located on land therein as early as the summer of 1852. 
 But we are credibly informed that he was preceded two years by 
 Terence Curamerford who reared his roof tree and ploughed his 
 acres as early as 1850. These were followed in 185o by G. Clapper 
 and in 1854 by Wm. Everingham. These scattered farms, which 
 they essayed to open formed the nucleus of the settlements of the 
 next few years, that in a short time transformed the lifeless waste 
 into smiling farms, whose rich harvests gathered each year add to 
 the wealth of the county. Among the arrivals for the year 1855 
 occurs the name of D. R. Kerby, now engaged in the banking 
 business at Lawler. 
 
 DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Township 94, north range 12, west, is known as Dresden. Much 
 of the land is covered with timber and brush although it has some 
 very fine farm lands, and is well watered by the East Wapsipini- 
 can river, or as it is more familiarly called "Wapsie." There is no 
 village within its boundary, not even a store or postoffice, and the 
 inhabitants get their mail either at Fredericksburg, just across the 
 line, in the township of the same name, which lies directly east of 
 it; or at Williamstown on the west. There is no data from which 
 to gather any of the first settlers names from oblivion, and as the 
 population is purely and simply agricultural has little or no his- 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 290 
 
 tory. The story of every da}'^ life, while it has the charms of 
 peacefulness and quiet, has nothing in it attractive to the historian 
 or romancer, nor would it be interesting to the general reader. 
 The township was organized, as such, in the year 1859, the order 
 of the county court being issued at the March term of that year. 
 Subsequently, the east tier of sections were detached and added to' 
 Fredericksburg township, but have since been restored, except, 
 the southeast quarter of section 12, and the northeast quarter of 
 section 13, which still remain a part of the latter. The only in- 
 dustrial institution within the township, as far as we have learned 
 is, the cheese factory about one mile north of Williamstown. This 
 was established by John Kolthoff, May, 1878, and has been in 
 active business ever since. The building is a neat and substantial 
 edifice and supplied with all the modern machinery for turning 
 out a first-class article, and judging from the prosperity of the 
 owner, it most likely does. 
 
 o 
 
 The following letter, in regard to the "Little Brown Church," at 
 at Bradford, was received to late for insertion in its proper place, in 
 the history of that township, but as it j^resents a picture, drawn 
 by a masterly hand, of the early labors of the first pastor; the 
 building of the church, whose very existence seems classical; the 
 church of which that "Sweet Singer in Israel," W. S. Pitts, of Fred- 
 ericksburg has written such a charming song. The winter Rev. J. 
 K. Nutting, was the first shepherd of the church, and although 
 the letter was not written for publication, we have taken the lib- 
 erty of inserting it in full. 
 
 MiLBANK, Dakota, February 22, 1883. 
 Editor Chickasaw County History: 
 
 I received your note in reference to the "Little Brown Church" 
 at Bradford, and am happy to reply, tho' I shall hardly be able to 
 specify as minutely as to dates, as you may wish, but these you 
 can readily obtain. 
 
 I came to Bradford in October 1859. At that time the town 
 was quite the metropolis of the county, and the prospect was 
 good that manufacturing would be carried on to an extent that 
 would sustain a large population. The county seat had already 
 been transferred to New Hampton, which was a lonesome and 
 
291 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 unlikely -looking spot enough, tho' occupied by some most excellent 
 people. 
 
 My congregation moved about, seldom more than three months 
 in a place, for several years. At first we worshiped in a hall over 
 what was then Thomas' store (now, perhaps, Dickenson's). Then 
 we went to a large square room directly north of that — built by 
 Andy Sample for a store. This building had been left without 
 care, and had been taken possession of by sheep, until our little 
 flock ousted them. Then we Avent to the dining room of the Cory 
 hotel, and sometimes, I think, to the ball room of the Bronson 
 house. At last we settled in the brick school house (now 
 academy), which, at that time was a most uncomfortable place. 
 
 During the year 1861-2 (I should say), I occupied for a study, a 
 room in the house of Mr. Dickinson. Here began the little church 
 building. 
 
 Our able men were mostly in the army. The times were ex- 
 cessively hard. Wheat, at McGregor or Waterloo, about thirty- 
 six cents per biishel. "Stumjitail" Wisconsin money going back 
 on us; everything looking dark. S. F. Eastman came to my study 
 to consult with me; he said it would not be possible to raise as 
 large a salary as I had been receiving, but hoped I would try and 
 stay on what could be raised, that is, four hundred and fifty 
 dollars. I told him (what he already knew), that prices of all 
 merchandise had nearly doubled, and that it would be very 
 difticult to provide for my family, but that I would stay on one 
 condition: that he should take hold with me, heart and hand, to 
 build a church. To this he agreed, and I considered success a 
 certainty from that moment. 
 
 Soon after we made our first move by going to Mr. J. Watson 
 for a donation of timber. He went with us to the woods, and 
 generously marked for our use enough of the finest oaks on his 
 land, to furnish nearl}^ all the dimension timber and coarse lumber 
 generally, for the whole building (the sills, however, were given by 
 Joseph Bird). This done, I next secured a force of choppers 
 (headed, I think, by Dea. Billings), to go into the woods and get 
 these trees ready for the mill. Some of the logs were hauled to 
 the mill (then near by), on the snow, but many were left until the 
 next June. Then Wm. Pomeroy got an ox team, and I went with 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 292 
 
 him to get the rest. I shall always remember that job, because of 
 a singular incident. We disturbed a pheasant with a covey of half- 
 grown young. The mother made the usual fuss and pretence to 
 draw our attention, while the chicks scattered in all directions. 
 The team passed on and I lingered behind to see wliat would 
 happen. In a few moments I heard the peculiar call of the 
 mother bird, and in an instant one and another of the chicks came 
 whirring past me, to rejoin her. One oi them came so near that 
 I put out my hand and caught it as one would a ball, "on a fly.' 
 I feel reasonably certain that in this respect I stand alone among 
 my race. Who, beside me, ever achieved the distinction of catch- 
 ing a pheasant with the bare hand, on the wing? But I should 
 not expect to do it again. 
 
 If memory serves, we also got the lots about the same time, 
 given, I think, by Joseph (or John), Bird, and beautiful by reason 
 of the encircling oaks; and we also got out the stone for the 
 foundation; Mr. Newton Palmer taking a leading hand at the 
 quarrying. During the summer or fall we again made a bee, and 
 laid the foundation, which, on the inside, presents several varieties 
 of style. I recall the fact that one brother laid the stone slanting, 
 like those in the stone iences of New England, which had been 
 the origin of his stone craft. But all being fitly joined together, 
 answered the purpose, and we laid the sills with rejoicing. 
 
 Was it about a year after that, that we began to erect the hoiise ? 
 I should think so. And I do not remember that we had any sub- 
 scription paper (though I may be mistaken), till much later, But 
 every one gave labor or material as he could, and ste]) by step 
 progress was made. The house was roughly enclosed, except part 
 of the tower that fall. Then rough boards were laid for a floor, 
 and some use was made of the building. I specially remember a 
 school exhibition under Mr. Taylor. It was well on in December, 
 and there was no way to warm the building, but an exceptionally 
 mild winter allowed the children to appear on the stage without 
 discomfort, even in the most gauzy attire. 
 
 The next spring the finishing of the house was let by contract 
 to two brothers (names gone from me), and a subscription was 
 made for ])ine lumber to finish with. This was hauled, I think 
 from McGregor. We were to receive a certain amount from the 
 Congregational building fund, $400 or. $500. But it began to ap- 
 
293 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 pear that even that amount would not be sufficient, and we all 
 began to think where we could gain a little more help. It occurred 
 to me that perhaps something could be obtained from the wealthy 
 church of Pittsfield, Mass., whose pastor, Rev. John Todd, D. D, 
 (author of "Student's Manual," "Index Rerum," etc.), had been 
 formerly pastor of the church with which my parents were con- 
 nected. A letter to him brought a characteristic reply, inclosing 
 more than a hundred dollars. This began a most interesting per- 
 sonal acquaintance with the doctor, and led to my visiting him 
 repeatedly, and it happened that I had the privilege of attending 
 him during a portion of his last sickness, in 1873. 
 
 The first religious use of the house was in the fall after it was 
 furnished, but not seated — date forgotten — for the funeral obsequies 
 of Mrs. Smith, wife of Capt. John Smith. The dedication occurred 
 I should think, during the following winter, bad weather prevent- 
 ing the presence of most of those invited. This brought us to the 
 spring of 1865, when, as a delegate to the "Boston Council," I 
 went east. While at Pittsfield I received a commission from 
 Thomas Colt, of that place, to go to Troy, N. Y., and select a bell 
 for the church. I did so, and sent it on. On its way it excited 
 much attention, being rung by the crowd at Dunleith, Dubuque, 
 and more or less at nearly every station along the line. On my 
 return I found it in place in the belfry. The pulpit of solid oak 
 was made under my direction by a carpenter at Greenwood; I 
 cannot call his name. 
 
 In some of these statements I may also possibly be mistaken. 
 
 What days those were when we we were all working together for 
 that great object ! And though I have since had in hand much 
 heavier jobs — have erected churches into which that might be set 
 (without more than docking the top of the tower a little), and 
 have plenty of room all around — yet never have I more enjoyed 
 my work. 
 
 The railroad destroyed the town, but I am glad to know that 
 the Little Brown Church holds its own, and is still accomplishing 
 the work for which it was erected. Some day I hope to revisit the 
 spot, and witness how much and what of fruit remains of these 
 labors so long ago. Yours very cordially, 
 
 J. K. Nutting. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 294 
 
 GENERAL REMARKS. 
 
 As will be obserTed it has not been attempted to give all the 
 churches and school houses in the different townships, but only 
 the more jjrominent ones. Many of these are scattered over the 
 rolling prairies outside of the various towns and villages, and 
 without some special prominence being attached to them, it would 
 be a dreary list to enumerate. 
 
 POLITICAL. 
 
 In politics, the county on all national and state issues, is gener- 
 ally republican, the vote on the presidential election of 1880, was, 
 republican, 1324; democrat, 1003; greenback, 486. In county 
 matters however the party lines are not so closely drawn, and local 
 issues are nearly always able to distribute the offices among the 
 parties. The greenback element in the county has grown to be 
 quite a power as witness the vote of 1882 when for representative 
 to congress from the fourth congressional district, L. H. Weller, 
 the democratic-greenback candidate, received 1,356 votes; and 
 Thos. Updegraff, republican, 928. 
 
295 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 War Record; Action of Board of Supervisors; Care of Sol- 
 diers' Families, Etc.; History of 7th Iowa Infantry; 38th 
 Iowa Infantry; 4th Iowa Cavalry; Roster of Volun- 
 teers. 
 
 The principal regiments in which Chickasaw county volunteers 
 served, were the seventh, and thirty-eight infantry, and fourth cav- 
 alry, whose operations are briefly outlined in this chapter, however 
 many men were in other regiments, as will be seen on reference to 
 the roster of volunteers. A complete list of them is however im- 
 possible to prepare at this day, but we have endeavored to make it 
 as full as a thorough search of the adjutant general's report could 
 allow, aided by the testimony of those best posted on the subject. 
 But first will be taken up the action of the county government in 
 regard to the matter. 
 
 Chickasaw county was an intensely loyal county throughout the 
 war of the rebellion, and her part in its history was one upon which 
 her citizens are justified in looking back with pride. 
 
 At the June meeting of the board of supervisors, in 1861, the fol- 
 lowing resolution was introduced: 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. , 296 
 
 "Whereas, There is an extensive conspiracy existing in our nation, 
 set on foot for the purpose of subverting the constitution and de- 
 stroying the government; and several states being in open rebel- 
 lion against the government, and now making war upon the samej 
 and whereas, the president of the United States has issued his pro- 
 clamation, calling upon all loyal citizens to rally around the 'old 
 flag,' and aid in the suppression of the rebellion; in response to 
 which call, the people of the loyal states are freely offering their 
 lives and money, in support of the best government on earth; and 
 whereas, many of the citizens of Chickasaw county have enrolled 
 themselves as members ofavolunteer company, holding themselves 
 in readiness to leave their homes in the defence of their country 
 therefore, 
 
 "Resolved, That an appropriation be made to each volunteer, resi- 
 dent of their county, who may enlist from this county, either in 
 the state or national service, of the sum of ten dollars, as an outfit 
 and the sum of three dollars per month, and the further sum of 
 four dollars per month, each, to the wives of such as have families, 
 and the parents of those who depend upon said volunteers for sup- 
 port; and the sum of one dollar per month for each child of said 
 volunteers under the age of six years. Said amounts to be paid 
 for the time and during the absence of the volunteers from their 
 homes, in the service. The said money to be paid to the order of 
 the volunteers, or their wives, from the county treasury, out of the 
 county funds not otherwise appropriated, on the warrant of the 
 clerk of the board of supervisors of this county. And in further- 
 ance of this object, it is hereby made the duty of the supervisors 
 of each township, to furnish the clerk with a certified list of the 
 names of the volunteers who go from his township, together with 
 the names of the parents, wives and children of said volunteers, 
 who may be entitled to money by this appropjriation. And the 
 clerk is instructed to keep on file in his office said list, and when 
 any person shall present a valid claim for money under this appro- 
 priation, whose name shall appear on either of said lists,said claim, 
 on being duly sworn to, the clerk is authorized to draw his warrant 
 
 for said amount." 
 
 This resolution was adopted by a vote of ten yeas to one nay. 
 
 The age of children to be aided by the appropriation, was after- 
 wards changed from six to twelve years. It will be readily seen 
 
297 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 that in their haste to testify the county's loyalty to the Union' 
 and in their eagerness to aid in its preservation, the board entailed 
 a very heavy expense upon the young and sparsely settled county; 
 so great an expense, in fact, as to become a burden scarcely able 
 to be borne, and it is no wonder that, subsequently, alterations in 
 the plan became necessary, and expedients were resorted to for the 
 purpose of making the burden lighter, while at the same time con- 
 tinuing to render the assistance needed to the volunteers and their 
 families. 
 
 At the January meeting of the board, 1862, a committee of three 
 was appointed to devise a plan to extricate the county from the 
 difhculty occasioned by the appropriation for the benefit of the 
 volunteers. This committee presented a majority report, signed by 
 M. L. Palmer and M. L. Choate, and a minority report, signed by 
 William B. Grant. 
 
 The majority report was, in substance, that there were 105 vol- 
 unteers entitled to the benefits of the appropriation, and the month- 
 ly amount, to which they were entitled, was $483, or $5,796 per an- 
 num, without reference to future enlistments. It was evident to 
 the committee that the county could not meet its liabilities as fast 
 as they accrued, and county warrants must depreciate to a merely 
 nominal sum, thus defeating the very object of the appropriation. 
 
 To remedy this state of affairs; it was proposed: 1st. That com- 
 missioned officers, who are receiving the benefits of the appropria- 
 tion, in view of the ample pay they are receiving from the govern- 
 ment, be requested to release the county absolutely from further 
 payments to themselves or their families. 2d. All single men, 
 volunteers from this county, not having parents or friends depend- 
 ent on them for support, be requested to sign an olDligation, defer- 
 ring further claims to the end of the war. 3d. That those having 
 families, be also requested to sign an obligation, or agreement, de- 
 ferring the payment of one-third of their accruing claims until the 
 close of the war. 4th. That a promise shall be inserted in said 
 agreement, in relation to the deferred claims, that they shall not 
 be assignable, and that they shall only inure to the benefit of the 
 claimants and their families; and that $3,000 only of the deferred 
 claims shall be paid in any one year. It was proposed also 
 that the clerk embody the above agreement in proper form, and 
 forward them at the earliest practical moment to Capts. Gardner, 
 
HISTOKY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 298 
 
 Powers and Crawford, with a request that action be taken thereon by 
 those intended, at the earliest possible moment. The report closed 
 with the following proposed resolution: Resolved, that all bounties 
 and payments to persons, who may enlist in the service of this 
 state, or the United States, hereafter, from this county, shall cease 
 from this date." 
 
 This report was laid on the table, by a vote of 9 to 3. 
 
 The minority report recited the inability of the county to bear 
 the burden of the appropriation, and proposed the following reso- 
 lutions: 
 
 "Resolved, That said appropriation, as far as volunteers to 
 those that do not need assistance, that have volunteered in the 
 service of the state, or of the United States — residents of this coun- 
 ty — be discontinued from and after this date; and that families of 
 volunteers, who are in need of assistance, have such appropriation 
 from the county as the supervisors or trustees of their respective 
 townships shall deem necessary. And be it further 
 
 Resolved, That the volunteers from this county, who shall, or 
 have returned sick, or in any way disabled in the service, have 
 such appropriation as may be deemed necessary by the county 
 board of supervisors. And further, that the wives and children, 
 or those dependent upon the volunteers, who have been killed in 
 battle, or died in the service of this state, or the United States, 
 shall be liberally provided for by the county board of super- 
 visors." 
 
 A motion to table the minority report was lost, by a vote of 3 to 
 9, but at a subsequent meeting, a motion to table prevailed. 
 
 The following resolution was offered by D. A. Jackson, and was 
 adopted by a vote of 9 to 3. 
 
 "Resolved, That the appropriation made by the board of super- 
 viaors of this county, at the June meeting, 1861, for the benefit of 
 volunteers and their families, be and the same is, hereby repealed, 
 from and after the 6th day of January, 1862." 
 
 D. A. Jackson, D. R. Kerby and J. H. Vantassell were ap- 
 pointed a committee to draft a resolution as to the manner of pro- 
 viding for the destitute families of Chickasaw county volunteers. 
 The resolution was immediately prepared, received, and the com- 
 mittee discharged. At the evening session, the resolution was put 
 upon its passage and unanimously adopted as follows: 
 
299 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 "Whereas, A number of our fellow citizens have volunteered, 
 and entered into the military service of the government, leaving 
 families in destitute circumstances; therefore, be it 
 
 "Resolved by the board, That all those who have volunteered 
 
 from this county, and are in actual service of this state, or the 
 United States; who may have families, residents of this county; 
 that all those families of such volunteers, who are only receiving 
 pay as private soldiers, are by this board considered to be entitled 
 to an appropriation authorized by law to be made by the county 
 board of supervisors, for the benefit of those families who are in 
 destitute circumstances. And it is hereby: 
 
 "Resolved, by this board. That an appropriation of $4.00 per 
 month be made to the wives of said volunteers, and $1.00 per 
 month to each child under twelve years of age, and $4.00 per 
 month to the parents of such volunteers, for support; to be paid 
 from the county treasury, as hereinafter prdvided. And be it 
 further. 
 
 ."Resolved, That although the families of said volunteers may 
 remove from the county, for temporary stay, during the absence 
 of the aforesaid volunteers, they still are considered by the board 
 as residents of this county. And be it further 
 
 "Resolved, That non-commissioned officers shall be deemed as 
 privates, so far as relates to this appropriation." 
 
 A pension of $4.00 per month to widows, and $1.00 per month 
 to each child of deceased volunteers, was unanimously voted. 
 
 On examination of the books in relation to the appropriation to 
 volunteers, the board found the amount in warrants issued as 
 bounty to volunteers, $1,100.21; amount in warrants issued as 
 monthly appropriations, $1,279; amount now due as monthly 
 appropriations to January 6th, 1862, $637.48; total, $3,016.69. 
 
 Teamsters from the county, in the service of the government, 
 were declared not entitled to the benefit of the county appropria- 
 tion. 
 
 At the September meeting, 1862, it was resolved to ask the gen- 
 eral assembly of the state to authorize the board of supervisors of 
 Chickasaw county to levy an additional tax of three mills, to meet 
 the deficiency in the county funds on account of the appropria- 
 tions to the families of volunteers. At the October meeting, it 
 was resolved to levy a tax of four mills for the benefit of the fami- 
 
HISTOEY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 300 
 
 lies of vqlunteers, to be called the volunteer fund. At an adjourned 
 meeting of the November term, 1862, the appropriation was re- 
 duced to $2.00 per month for the wife, and $1.00 per month for 
 each child. At the January meeting, 1864, the appropriation was 
 increased to S4.00 per month for grown persons and ■ll.OO per 
 month for children under the age of twelve years, "in consideration 
 of the high price of necessaries, and the hardness of the winter," 
 this increase to continue until the June term. 
 
 The following appears among the proceedings of the same meet- 
 ing: 
 
 "Whereas, G. R. Rowley, of Chickasaw county, Iowa, is entitled 
 to the banner, by having more sons in the United States service 
 than any other man in said county; he being poor and dependent 
 entirely on the efforts of one son only for his and his wife's sup- 
 port; therefore, be it 
 
 "Resolved, That the sum of $5.00 per month be allowed him 
 from the county until further action by this board." 
 
 At the September meeting, 1864, the following was spread upon 
 the minutes: 
 
 "The friends of the volunteers now in the field, who enlisted in 
 1861, are requested to notify them that they will be entitled to 
 $3.00 per month from the time of their enlistment up to the time 
 they may be honorably discharged from the service." 
 
 At the November meeting 1864. It was adopted "That it is 
 the sense of the board, that when a drafted man of this county's 
 families pays a substitute to take his place, that the drafted man's 
 family is to receive the appropriation from the county the same 
 as if said drafted man was in the service personally. 
 
 And upon the records of the board for the January meeting of 
 1865, we find the following: 
 
 "Resolved, That the clerk be authorized to issue county war- 
 / rants for full pay to the families of volunteers, from this date, 
 to-wit: The sum of four dollars per month to the wives and 
 parents of the volunteers, and one dollar per month for each child 
 under twelve years of age, dependent on the volunteer for support. 
 Provided, That this apply only to such as volunteered and 
 entered the service prior to November, 1862, and also that the 
 clerk draw warrants for the sum of two dollars per month to the 
 wive, and parents of volunteers, and fifty cents per month for each 
 
301 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 child under twelve years of age dependent upon the volunteers for 
 support this to apply to all who entered the service since Novem- 
 ber, 1862." 
 
 At the regular session of the board of supervisors in September, 
 1865, a resolution was passed; allowing the widows of all deceased 
 soldiers to draw the allowance, from the county for six months 
 after death of the husband. 
 
 And at a meeting in October of the same year, the following 
 resolution appears on the minutes, as having been carried: Re- 
 solved, That all who have enlisted and served as privates, in the 
 U. S. army, from Chickasaw county during the late war, be placed 
 on the same footing, and paid the same monthly wages as by 
 resolution of this board is allowed to volunteers who have enlisted 
 since January 1st, 1862, excepting such regulars from the benefit 
 of this resolution as may have received $300, and upwards, as 
 bounty trom the United States. 
 
 SEVENTH IOWA INFANTRY. 
 
 During the heats of the summer of 1861, while the pulse of the 
 nation beat with feverish intensity, while all hearts were aching 
 with the dread of civil war, and the sound of men flocking to arms, 
 in their country's cause, resounded through all the hills and val- 
 leys, forests and prairies of this northland; then the spirit of 
 Chickasaw county was stirred, and men came forward, with 
 alacrity, at the call of the government, for its preservation, com- 
 pany B., seventh regiment of Iowa volunteers was raised, and com- 
 posed almo8t entirely of the sons of Chickasaw, Capt. Gideon 
 Gardner and all the officers being residents of the county. 
 
 The history of the company is nearly always the history of the 
 regiment, especially so in infantry, therefore we give an abridged 
 account of the movements of the regiment for which we are 
 indebted to the official reports. 
 
 "The seventh Iowa infantry was organized at Burlington, Iowa, 
 in 1861. The first companies were mustered into the United 
 States service on the 24th of July, and the last company, I, was 
 mustered in on the 2d day of August. Col. J. G. Lauman was in 
 command of the regiment. On the 6th day of August they broke 
 camp marched to Burlington under a burning hot sun and em- 
 barked on the steamer Jennie Whipple for St. Louis. Arrived at 
 St. Louis on the morning of the 8th, and were marched to the 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 302" 
 
 arsenal, where they bivouacked for several days. Moved I'rom 
 thence to Jefierson Barracks, where they remained for several 
 more days; were then ordered to St. Louis, where the regiment 
 was armed, the flank companies with Springfield rifles, and. the 
 other eight companies with the improved Springfield muskets. 
 The same night they took the cars, and went to Pilot Knob, and 
 after remaining there half a day, marched to Ironton, where the 
 regiment went into camp and remained there, drilling and getting 
 into discipline for tAVO weeks, and were then ordered through 
 southeast Missouri to Cape Girardeau. This commenced the first 
 campaign of the regiment. The division consisted of six regi- 
 ments, and was commanded by Brig. Gen'l. B. M. Prentiss. iVr- 
 riving at Jackson, Mo., during the last days of August, the com- 
 mand remained one week, then moved to the cape, where tli^y took 
 transports, and went to Cairo, and were sent from thence to wliat 
 was afterwards known as Fort Holt, Kentucky. The ground was 
 covered with a dense forest and under growth, but in a short time 
 the camp was cleared up, and policed, and all hands were comfort- 
 able. The regiment remained at Holt about two weeks wlien it 
 was moved down to Mayfield creek, and established camp Critten- 
 den, distant from the Mississippi river about three miles, and from 
 Columbus the rebel stronghold, about eight. Here Lieut. Col. 
 Wentz reported to the regiment for duty. Remaining but a short 
 time at camp Crittenden, the regiment was moved to Fort Jefier- 
 son, on the Mississippi, nearly opposite to Norfolk, Mo. 
 
 During their stay at Fort Jefierson they still kept a strong 
 picketguard at their old camp Crittenden, at which place the regi- 
 ment had its first skirmish, in which one man was slightly' 
 wounded. 
 
 On the 6th of November, 1861, the regiment received orders to" 
 embark on transports, and about night steamed down the Missis- 
 sippi a few miles rounded to, and lay all night at Lucas Bend. 
 Early on the morning of the 7th, they got under way and 
 landed on the Missouri shore about three miles above Bel- 
 mont; disembarking there the troops formed line of battle, and 
 proceeded to the attack of the latter place. The seventh Iowa 
 and twenty-second Illinois were brigaded together and com- 
 manded by Col. Dougherty of the latter regiment. The battle of 
 Belmont was a bloody day for the seventh; which went into fight 
 
303 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 with but eight companies numliering in all 410 men; two com- 
 panies, K. and G. being. detailed as fleet guard were not in the 
 engagement. The regiment lost, in killed, wounded and missing, 
 237 men. It was on this field that the gallant and lamented 
 Wentz fell with many other brave officers, viz: G. W. S. Dodge, 
 second Lieut, company B.; Benj. Ream, second Lieut, company 
 C; Chas. Gardner, second Lieut, company I.; Col. Lauman and 
 Major Rice were both severely wounded, as were also Capt. Gard- 
 ner, company B.; Capt. Harper, company D.; Capt. Parrott, 
 company E.; and Cajjt. Kitteridge, company F. 
 
 It was in this fight that Iowa officers and soldiers proved to the 
 world that they were made of ,the right kind of material, and 
 added to the lustre of our young and gallant state. 
 
 On the evening of the 7th of November, 1861, the shattered 
 remnant of the seventh Iowa arrived at Bird's Point, where they 
 remained a few days, and were then ordered to St. Louis, Miss- 
 ouri, to rest and recruit. This terminated the first battle -for this 
 brave and gallant host of heroes. 
 
 On the 13th of January, 1862, the seventh were embarked at St. 
 Louis, on the steamer Continental, and although the weather was 
 intensely cold, which detained the boat, finally got under way and 
 proceeded down the river about twenty miles; but when that dis- 
 tance was reached the floating ice, with which the river was 
 filled, blocked the boat with its freight of brave boys in blue and 
 was frozen in. Here they staid for two days, until the cold had 
 so congealed the ice that it was solid enough, when the regiment 
 with its baggage was removed to the shore, and took the railroad, 
 and returned to St. Louis. The weather was intensely cold, but 
 the good citizens of that city tendered Col. Lauman the use of the 
 chamber of commerce to shelter his men in, and the boys found 
 comfort in the hot coffee, warm rooms, etc., so generously provided 
 by their friends. 
 
 Next morning, the regiment started for Cairo, marching through 
 Illinois and after reaching that place moved forward again. After 
 a^fatiguing march, interspersed Avith some delays for rest, the regi- 
 ment was ordered to go up the Tennessee, with balance of the troops 
 to attack Fort Henry. 
 
 Landing on the morning of the 6th, of February, they took up 
 the line of march to invest the fort, but learned that Commodore 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 304 
 
 Foote had already taken it before their arrival. After remaining a 
 week at the Fort, on the 12th of February, 1862, the march was 
 resumed with Fort Donclson as the objective point, which point 
 was reached next day. About 5 p. m.., the seventh was ordered to 
 the front to support battery H., first Missouri light artillery; and 
 spent the night without shelter or blankets. The next day the 
 regiment was ordered to take its place with the brigade as that 
 was going into action. But after reaching headquarters it was not 
 considered advisable to make the charge so the brigade remained 
 all day in line of battle until the shades of night gave the neces- 
 sary cover for their removal. 
 
 The weather became quite boisterous. A heavy shower of rain 
 falling at midnight, but before morning had dawned it had changed 
 to snow, and the face of the earth was covered with a wintry 
 mantle, and the temperature remaining cold, the men suffered 
 much, owing to their exposed positions and general want of 
 
 blankets. 
 
 On the morning of the 15th the skirmishers were deployed, and 
 
 at 2 p. M. the brigade was ordered to charge the rebel works. The 
 second Iowa never having been in a fight, having only joined the 
 brigade on Friday the 14th, was given the post of honor in leading 
 the charge, supported by the balance of the brigade. The seventh 
 Iowa moved up to the works in fine style, entered the sally-port, 
 and gained, with the second Iowa, a position inside the rebel 
 works. Then were ordered to fall back and take shelter on the 
 outside of the fortification, where they bivouacked all night with- 
 out fires, and suffered much from the inclemency of the weather. 
 Next morning, Sunday, February 16th, when the day dawned, the 
 white flag from the grim summit of Fort Donelson, told quite 
 plainly that the strife for its mastery was ended, and in a short 
 time our boys were marching in and taking possession. So fell 
 this noted rebel stronghold, and the gallant seventh Iowa claims 
 its meed of praise. 
 
 Here the regiment remained for three weeks, and were then 
 ordered to proceed up the Tennessee river on transports to Pitts- 
 burg Landing. They were nearly a week making the voyage, 
 being unable to land, owing to the tempestuous weather. The 
 regiment remained in camp until the memorable 6th of April, 
 1862, when Beauregard with his host of rebels attacked our whole 
 line. ■ . ^ 
 
305 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 The 7th Iowa was on parade for inspection when the battle com- 
 menced, but in a few minutes it was moved to the front, where it 
 was engaged the balance cf the day. About four o'clock p. m. the 
 whole brigade was ordered to fall back, in which retrograde move- 
 ment Gen. W. H. L. Wallace, commanding the division, fell, and 
 the 7th lost one officer, color-sergeant, and seven men killed, and a 
 number wounded. The regiment was rallied in the edge of the 
 timber, and helped stop the advance of the rebels, and a short 
 time afterwards fell back to the main road, where the weary troops 
 bivouacked for the night, the rain falling in torrents. 
 
 The next morning the whole line advanced on the rebels, and 
 before noon they were in full rout. At night the regiment returned 
 to the old camp and got a warm supper, the first they had had in 
 two days, but were compelled to lie without shelter, the tents 
 being occupied by the wounded of both armies. They remained 
 in camp here until the 27th of April, when the whole army moved 
 to the memorable seige of Corinth. On this march the regiment 
 used the shovel for the first time in throwing up works and rifle 
 pits, and about the first of June, when contiguous to Corinth, it 
 was ascertained that the enemy had evacuated it, and the seventh, 
 with the division, was ordered in pursuit of the enemy. After an 
 arduous tramp without coming up with them, it returned and 
 went into camp near Corinth and remained quiet for the balance 
 of the summer, doing picket and guard duty. 
 
 On the 17th the regiment reached luka, having left camp two 
 days before, and from Gen. Grant's order No. 1, the division to 
 which it was attached, deserves as much credit and praise as the 
 troops which were actually engaged. 
 
 Leaving luka the same night, the regiment tramped back to 
 their old quarter at Camp Montgomery, where they remained until 
 the 3d of October, 1862, when they were ordered to the front to 
 meet the forces of Van Dorn and Price. The seventh was on 
 hand, and a more gallant fight the men never made. On the 3d 
 of October, in the afternoon, Geri. Dains, who commanded the 
 division when our weak line was driven back to Fort Robinette, 
 placed the seventh Iowa in a position of honor in support of a 
 battery, which was then stationed at the above fort. At 8 a. m. 
 the next day they were thrown out to support skirmishers, the 
 enemy being in strong force in front. The skirmish line fell back, 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 306 
 
 and upon the fact being reported to Gen. Dains, he ordered the 
 seventh to take position on their old ground, and but a few 
 minutes elapsed before the enemy appeared in their front in vast 
 numbers; but thanks to the nerve of Iowa's sons, the second and 
 seventh Iowa held the ridge, when there was no support from the 
 balance of the division. Gen. Sweeny, who was in command of 
 the briga e, gave the order for them to retire a short distance, and in 
 his official report made special mention of the two regiments in 
 question. 
 
 The seventh Iowa retired about fifty yards, when they were 
 rallied and made a charge on the enemy, which put him to flight, 
 and the victory was won. Returned next day to Corinth, where 
 they remained until the 6th, when they moved to Rienzi, from 
 thence to Kossuth, then to Boneyard, where they staid a month, 
 then returned to Corinth, where under tents they spent the winter. 
 In March, 1863, the regiment went to Bethel, Tenn., where it 
 remained until June 1st, when it was returned to Corinth. After 
 much such marching and countermarching all summer, they 
 arrived November 11, 1863, at Pulaski, Tenn., where they went 
 into camp doing escort duty for the various trains of supplies. 
 
 About the 20th of December, 1863, orders were received allowing 
 men who had been in the service two years to veteranize, and in a 
 few days three-fourths of the men present for duty re-enlisted. 
 The regiment started home on the 7th of January, 1864, and were 
 furloughed for thirty days from the 20th of January. On the 20th 
 of February the boys commenced to rendezvous at Keokuk with 
 some two hundred recruits, which were mustered into the regi- 
 ment. Left Keokuk February 27th, and proceeded to Prospect, 
 Tenn., which point they garrisoned until the 27th of April, when 
 they started on the ever-memorable Atlanta campaign. 
 
 This march was one of continual skirmishing and fighting. The 
 seventh, upon crossing the Oostanaula river, at Lay's ferry. May 
 15th, was thrown to the front to feel the enemy, who were in 
 strong force, and but a few minutes sufficed to bring on the deadly 
 conflict, which lasted but a few moments, and terminated in the 
 complete rout of the rebels, consisting of an entire division com- 
 manded by Gen. Walker. The sevmth Iowa did not number 
 four hundred muskets, and yet out of this small number it lost 
 sixty-five men, killed and wounded, inside of ten minutes. No 
 
307 HISTORY OP CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 regiment in the United States service ever behaved with more 
 gallantry, and it was with difficulty that the men could be drawn 
 off from a force five times their number. 
 
 This was the first severe fighting of the campaign, but it con- 
 tinued from that time until the first of September, including Rome 
 cross-roads, Dallas, New Hope Church, Big Shanty, Kenesaw 
 Mountain, Nick-a-Jack creek, and in close proximity to Atlanta, in 
 all of which the seventh bore an honorable part. On the 22d of 
 July, during the engagement in which Gen. McPherson fell, the 
 regiment was an active participant, and added new laurels to her 
 former bright wreath. 
 
 The regiment moved from the front of Atlanta, and struck the 
 West Point railroad, near Palmetto, and from thence to Jonesboro, 
 supporting Kilpatrick's cavalry in driving the enemy, and was with 
 the command under Gen. Sherman, which compelled Hood to 
 evacuate Atlanta. The regiment went by rail from East Point to 
 Rome, Ga., where it arrived September 20th. It was then ordered 
 to Allatoona on the 4th of October, but did not reach there in time 
 to take part in the bloody fray of the 5th. By orders received the 
 regiment returned to Rome on the 7th of October, and remained 
 until November 11th, when they took up the line of march with 
 that dauntless band of heroes, who marched with Sherman from 
 Atlanta through the heart of Georgia, and with that matchless 
 captain entered the city of Savannah December 21, 1864. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE THIRTY EIGHTH IOWA INFANTRY. 
 
 In the fall of 1862, in response to a call for more troops, made 
 by President Lincoln, the county felt its patriotism again aroused, 
 and a full company was raised to go to the front. This was in- 
 corporated in the 38th Iowa Infantry, and was known as company 
 C, and as we before traced the movements of the Chickasaw boys 
 by their regiment, we will once again follow their fortunes. 
 
 The regiment was organized at Dubuque, and mustered into the 
 United States service November 4, 1862. The aggregate number 
 at that date being 910 men. 
 
 In obedience to orders received, the regiment moved from the 
 camp of organization December 15, 1862, and arrived at Benton 
 barracks, St. Louis, December 17th, by way of the Illinois Central 
 railroad. On the 28th they were ordered by Maj. Gen. Curtis, 
 commanding the department of the Missouri, to report at Helena> 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 308 
 
 Ark. Embarking on board the steamer Platte Valley, the regi- 
 ment proceeded doAvn the river as far as Columbus, Ky., where it 
 was stopped on the 30th and ordered by Brig. Gen. Davies, com- 
 manding department of Columbus, on an expedition out on the 
 Ohio and Mobile railroad, to Union City, under the command of 
 Col. Moore, of the twenty-fourth Missouri. On their arrival 
 there the next day the forces were drawn up in line of battle to 
 receive the enemy, after patiently waiting for it all day, they 
 failed to make its appearance. 
 
 January 1, 1863, orders were received from Brig. Gen. Davies for 
 the expedition to return to Columbus, where further orders were 
 awaiting the regiment from Gen. Curtis, to re-embark on the 
 steamer and proceed to New Madrid, Mo.; all orders to the contrary 
 countermanded. On the arrival of the thirty-eighth at New 
 Madrid, on the 2d, it took possession of Fort Thompson, which 
 had been evacuated, magazines blown up, guns spiked and dis- 
 mounted, and carriages burned, as also were the barracks. The 
 boys, however, went to work, built new barracks, unspiked and 
 remounted the guns, and remained at New Madrid doing guard 
 duty until June 7th, when, by order of Gen. Curtis, the regiment 
 embarked on the steamer Daniel G. Taylor, and proceeded down 
 the Mississipjji and up the Yazoo to Sherman's Landing, where 
 they arrived on the 11th, and were ordered to report at Young's 
 Point, where they arrived the same day. From thence marching 
 across the point, and crossing the river at Warrenton on the 15th 
 found themselves in front of the enemies' works at Vicksburg, and 
 on the extreme left of Grant's army. Here the regiment was 
 assigned to the first brigade, second division, thirteenth army 
 corps, and were constantly engaged in filling details, supporting 
 the first Missouri battery, constructing earthworks, digging rifle- 
 pits, and advancing our lines until the glorious 4th of July, when 
 the city capitulated. 
 
 Many of the regiment were overcome by the iieat and the ardu- 
 ous duty, and the miasma which Avas constantly arising from the 
 swamp on whose border the regiment was encamped, was the 
 cause of fevers and disorders which arose, and reducejcl it to half 
 its original number. Disease thinned the ranks each day while 
 the casualties resulting from the siege wei-e slight. 
 
 July 5th, in company with the other troops, it marched into the 
 
309 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 works, and on the 12th, while embarking for Port Hudson, the 
 news was brought of the capture of that place, and the regiment 
 ordered up the Yazoo river. 
 
 It was with Gen. Herron at the capture of Yazoo City, and in 
 the raid into the country of the Big Black river, from which they 
 returned laden with horses, cotton, mules, and negroes. 
 
 Returned to Vicksburg on the 21st, and on the 25th again 
 embarked for Port Hudson, La., where it arrived the 27th. At 
 this place the regiment was so reduced by sickness, that the 
 morning report for August 13th shows only eight officers and 
 twenty men fit for duty. Many valuable officers were lost, among 
 whom was Col. D. H. Hughes', who died on the steamer Lebanon, 
 August 7th. 
 
 August 15th, embarked on the steamer Sally Robinson for 
 Carroliton, La., and arrived the following day. While at this 
 place many who had been sent up the river sick, or had been left 
 in the hospital at Vicksburg, rejoined the regiment, which was 
 now again ready for the field, and joined the expedition under 
 Gen. Banks against Texas, 
 
 The fleet sailed from New Orleans, October 23, 1863, and after 
 experiencing a heavy gulf storm, arrived at Brazos Santiago, 
 Texas, November 2d. The regiment with the balance of the com- 
 mand was landed on the 3d, and on the 6th moved forward toward 
 Brownsville, encamping the same night on the old battle ground 
 of Pido Alto. On the 9th the regiment advanced to Brownsville, 
 which it found in possession of our forces, to whom it had been 
 surrendered without opposition. 
 
 Here the regiment went into camp and continued to do guard 
 duty until the evacuation of the place, which took place July 28, 
 1864, when it returned to New Orleans. 
 
 Arriving at that port on the 5th of August, the thirty -eighth 
 was ordered again to embark on the steamer Josephine, and sailed 
 for Mobile bay, arriving at Fort Gaines (which had been taken on 
 the 7th), on the 9th, and were landed on Mobile point, in the rear 
 of Fort Morgan, the same day. While here the regiment was 
 engaged in picket and fatigue duty, until the surrender of Fort 
 Morgan, on the morning of the 23d of August. After remaining 
 on Mobile Point until September 8th, the regiment was ordered 
 back to New Orleans? where it remained for some time. The 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 310. 
 
 regiment was engaged in the last battle of the war, which was the 
 taking of Fort Blakely the day before Lee's surrender. The regi- 
 ment was mustered out of the service at Houston, Texas, but did 
 not disband until its arrival in Davenport. While at Morganzie 
 Bend, above New Orleans, the regiment was consolidated with the 
 thirty-fourth, but still retained its old number; by this consolida- 
 tion some officers were necessarily dispensed with. 
 
 THE FOURTH IOWA CAVALRY. 
 
 Chickasaw county raised a company for this favorite and gallant 
 regiment, which was known as company H, and also furnished 
 some more men for company B. The regiment was organized with 
 A-sbury B. Porter, as colonel; Thos. Drummond, as lieut. col.; 
 S. D. Swan, J. E. Jewett, and G. A. Stone, as majors, and was 
 mustered into the service of the United States at Mount Pleasant, 
 November 21, 1861. 
 
 Of the service performed by the cavalry it is difficult to give a 
 connected history, so much of it being done by detached com- 
 panies, but this regiment has covered itself with unfading laurels 
 throughout its numberless campaigns, distinguishing itself and 
 losing men at Guntown, Miss.; Helena, Ark.; Bear Creek, Miss.; 
 near Memphis, Tenn.; Town Creek, Miss.; Columbus, Ga.; 
 Mechanicsburg, Miss.; Little Blue River, Ark.; Brownsville, Miss. j 
 Ripley, Black River Bridge, and Tupelo, Miss.; little Red River^ 
 Ark.; Granada, Miss.; Yazoo River, Miss.; White River, Ark.; 
 Osage, Kan.; Lick Creek, Ark.; Okalona, Miss., and St. Francis 
 River, Ark. After partaking of the hardships of many a weary 
 campaign, and suffering the privations and losses attendent on a 
 mourrted regiment, it was mustered out at Atlanta, Ga., August 
 10, 1865, 
 
 ROSTER OF VOLUNTEERS FROM CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 
 
 Major G. W. Howard, Lieut. G. J. Tisdale, 
 
 Captain Gideon Gardner, Lieut. Albert E. Rupe, 
 
 Captain J. H. Powers, Lieut. John A. Green, 
 
 Captain H. C. Baldwin, Lieut. F. W. Barron, 
 
 Captain D. E. Bronson, Lieut. Geo. Dodge, 
 
 Captain S. S. Troy, Lieut. F. D. Bosworth, 
 
 Captain C. W. Foster, Lieut. E. A. Haskill, 
 
311 
 
 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 Captain D. McTaggart, 
 Captain J). C. Crawford, 
 Lieut. W. W. Birdsall, 
 Lieut. Chas. Trout, 
 
 Lieut. J. A. Albertson, 
 Lieut. R. W. Foster, 
 Lieut. 0. 0. Poppleton, 
 Asst. Surg. S. C. Haynes. 
 
 non-commissioned officers and 
 
 The following is a list of the 
 privates as far as can be gathered from the reports of the State 
 Adjutant General. It has been found almost impossible to pre- 
 pare a complete list at this day, but no pains have been spared to 
 make as full a report as possible. 
 
 THIRD INFANTRY. 
 
 George IV. Stocks. 
 
 SEVENTH INFANTRY — CO. B. 
 
 Dudley L. Campbell, 
 Gilbert J. Tisdale, 
 Dan. McTaggart, 
 Wm. W. Birdsall, 
 Andy J. Felt, 
 Geo. S. Arnold, 
 Geo. Morse, 
 0. A. Holmes, 
 H. S. Wisner, 
 Geo. Pease, 
 
 C. J. Channer, 
 F. Albertson, 
 J. B. Bailey, 
 Zelotes Bailey, 
 Frank Birdwell, 
 H. Bean, 
 
 L. L. Bean, 
 Z. Z. Bryant, 
 Levi Carkin, 
 Allen Case, 
 
 D. H. Shannon, 
 
 E. J. Taylor, 
 J no. Thomas, 
 Wm. Tannehill, 
 Jeff. Thomas, 
 Jno. Morse, 
 
 D. Campbell, 
 Irving M. Fisher, 
 C. M. Fisher, 
 
 C. W. Foster, 
 
 E. A. Haskell, 
 
 F. M. Hurley, ^ 
 T. Horton, 
 
 Jas. R. Howard, 
 Benj. E. Morton, 
 A. H. Morton, 
 Jno. McGee, 
 R. H. Mills, 
 Henry W. Montrose, 
 Meltiah Nye, 
 Wm. Nurman, 
 Burton H. Poppleton, 
 Julius H. Powers, 
 Thos. E. Rollins, 
 Josiah A. Rutherford, 
 Horatio P. Smith. 
 E. M. Thayer, 
 C. F. Palmester, 
 A. G. Strong, 
 W. H. Mills, 
 0. 0. Poppleton, 
 Chas. J. Channer. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 312 
 
 NINTH INFANTRY — CO. E. 
 
 David VanKleick, G. J. Tisclale. 
 
 CO. F. 
 
 D. L. Benedict, Myron R. Benedict. 
 
 CO. H. 
 
 Wm. Everinghani. 
 
 CO. I. 
 
 A. C. Johnston, Jno. Williams, 
 
 Geo. W. Johnston, Isaac Demott, 
 
 Jno. W. Stuart. Sam. Sutton. 
 
 THIRTEENTH INFANTRY — UNASSIGNED. 
 
 G. C. Reed, A. J. Allen, 
 
 Jno. Welsh, F. M. Drake. 
 
 FOURTEENTH INFANTRY — CO. B. 
 
 Thos. R. Boyce, Chas. Bird. 
 
 L. P. Hawley. 
 
 TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY — CO. G. 
 
 Jno. E. Beitler, Richard Bean, 
 
 Frank McConnell, Sylvester Bement, 
 
 Wm. Dyas, W. F. Clark, 
 
 Robt. Beck, N. W. Cotton, 
 
 Chas. Victor, D. J. Caswell, 
 
 Jno. McConnell, . Albert Cuffell, 
 
 Newel Helms, J. S. Dowd, 
 
 Amos F. Ripley, Jno. Felcher, 
 
 L. S. BuUard, B. G. Feeney, 
 
 Geo. W. Bean, Henry Greineisen, 
 
 Jacob Beck, Chas. Hickok, 
 
 E. W. Hall, D. Hall. 
 
 John Harris, Alex. Jones, 
 
 B. R. Horton, E. Ludden, 
 
 Byron Hovey, John McConnell, 
 
 J« W. Pratt, J. Morris, 
 
 Smiley Sample, Warren Parrish, 
 
 Geo. Wood, Benj. Parker, 
 Jno. Rowe. 
 
 THIRTY-FOURTH INFANTRY — CO. G. 
 
 Jas. M. Jackson, Z. H. Morton, 
 
313 
 
 HISTOKY OP CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 D. D. Beynolds, 
 
 L. H. Yeager. 
 
 John Pullar, 
 C. W. Sherman, 
 
 THIRTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 
 
 Sergent Major, C. W. Foster. 
 
 CO. A. 
 
 Culman Kelley, 
 CO. c. 
 
 James N. Kerr, 
 F. D. Barron, 
 T. D. Cotant, 
 F. Loveless, 
 Henry L. Sholts, 
 H. B. Trask, 
 0. H. Clause, 
 C. E. Tyler, 
 A. B. Legg, 
 
 C, H. Rogers, 
 Wm. Johnson, 
 Geo. Strong, 
 James A. Glass, 
 H. H. Hufiman, 
 Ozro Hill, 
 Jacob Horning, 
 Wm. W. Hawkins, 
 
 D. Henderson, 
 M. B. Johnson, 
 Henry F. Steindroph, 
 S. W. Byers, 
 
 F. M. Ajjpleberry, 
 Zenas Bigelow, 
 Geo. W. Beach, 
 Alvin A, Brown, 
 H. Baker, Jr. 
 A. M. Coffinger, 
 Wm. Cotant, 
 W. A. Cole, 
 Richmond Carkins, 
 Benj. Carter, 
 D. F. Culver, 
 
 Jethro Jones, 
 Henry Kepler, 
 Samuel Kephart, 
 C. 0. Kingsberry,- 
 R. W. Kidder, 
 J. A. King, 
 J. D. Keith, 
 
 E. G. Miller, Jr., 
 Luke Milmine, 
 T. E. Mills, 
 
 J. H. Parsons, 
 H. H. Parks, 
 Chas. S. Parks, 
 M. C. Roby, 
 W. C. Rembaugh, 
 John Roe, 
 Henry Shoemaker,, 
 Geo. Strong, 
 
 F. F. Still, 
 Chas. P. Snow, 
 
 G. W. Simpson, 
 G. C. Scripture, 
 W. H. Stone, 
 Jos. Stutton, Jr., 
 Chas. Stowell, 
 Josiah Spencer, 
 Allen Vaughn, 
 N. Vaughn, 
 
 A. Vantassell, 
 John G. Wright, 
 S. A. Wood, 
 Abram Wortendyke,, 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 314 
 
 O. J. Clapper, 
 Jos. Dupas, 
 John Dayton, 
 Geo. Demiston, 
 E. H. Ellis, 
 Geo. Forsman, 
 L. Fairbanks, 
 
 J. Weiler, 
 John C. Whittier, 
 T. W. Williams, 
 Alonzo Wheeler, 
 Allen Wheeler, 
 L. Yeager, 
 Albert Slater, 
 
 CO. F. 
 
 Jacob Rush. 
 
 FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY — CO. B. 
 
 Jno. W. Dixon, 
 
 Jos. Dixon. 
 
 SECOND CAVALRY — CO. I. 
 
 Howard Weikle 
 Jesse Weikle, 
 
 Fred Young, 
 Peter Young. 
 
 FOURTH CAVALRY. 
 
 E. A. Haskell, 3d Brig. Q. M. 
 
 CO. B. 
 
 Andw. Bray, 
 Thomas Legg, 
 W. G. McDonald, 
 
 Stephen W. Grosbeak, 
 Seth Martin, 
 
 D. A. Babcock, 
 
 E. W. Beach, 
 Norman A. Chapell, 
 T. W. Robb, 
 
 A. R. Toms, 
 Geo.W. Miller, 
 Wm. Doyle, 
 Oreites Wilcox, 
 D. Campbell, 
 N. J. Watson, 
 W. Reardon, 
 J. H. Stocks, 
 Jas. Albertson, 
 S. M. Legg, 
 Jas. Miller, 
 
 CO. H. 
 
 George Miller, 
 Milo S. Pelton, 
 Levi M. Smith. 
 
 Chas. W. Session, 
 Jas. Rooney, 
 Henry K. Martin, 
 Geo. Patrick, 
 Jas.. Arnott, 
 A. J. Bray, 
 C. A. Baldwin, 
 Martin Bigger, 
 Lewis Choate, 
 F. A. Coe, 
 H. A. Cornet, 
 And'w Gibson, 
 Adin B. Harris, 
 L. H. Huffman, 
 Zenas Thomas, 
 H. K. Thomas, 
 Thos Legg, 
 
815 
 
 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 Geo. Miller, 
 C. K. Miller, 
 M. S. Pelton, 
 Oliver Pelton, 
 L. Patrick, 
 Amos C. Rowley. 
 
 M. E. D. Witted, 
 Jerome Bourcey, 
 J. H. Brown, 
 J. F. M. Clark, 
 V. A. Fuller, 
 
 Francis Burdick, 
 Geo. Hawkins, 
 R. L. Bean, 
 Daniel Blorhan, 
 M. Hinchy, 
 W. McNoble, 
 
 Ambrose Legg, 
 
 C. P. Campbell, 
 F. K Coe, 
 AncTw Laird, 
 Jas. Miller, 
 E. W. Swift, 
 Chas. Ready. 
 
 SIXTH CAVALRY — CO. B. 
 
 CO. 
 
 M. V. Marion, 
 T. H. Merritt, 
 Frank Stephenson, 
 Wm. F. Tucker, 
 M. S. Whitney. 
 
 M. Nolan, 
 Fred Padden, 
 J. R. Stephenson, 
 C. H. Starboard, 
 S. H. Todd. 
 
 CO. L. 
 
 L. Phillips. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Lucius Bemet, 14th U. S. Regulars. 
 Morgan A. Hance, 1st Nebraska Cavalry. 
 
HISTOBY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 316 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 Record of Events Occurring in the County From the Earliest 
 Time to the Present Time Chronologically Arranged. 
 
 This chapter is largely devoted to a brief review or chronology 
 of prominent events in the history of the county, bringing them 
 down to the present; omitting, however, the records of elections, 
 and the officers elected each year, as they are given elsewhere. 
 
 1836. 
 About this year a trading post was established, by the govera- 
 ment, at or near where the town of Bradford now stands. 
 
 1840. 
 Land broke and fenced at the forks of the Cedar river for 
 Indians to cultivate; the government treating it as a reservation. 
 
 J 847. 
 Reported massacre of women and children, belonging to a large 
 party of Sioux Indians, by a land of Winnebagoes on the warpath. 
 This was in Deerfield township as now known. 
 
 1848. 
 Truman Merritt, the first white man to make a settlement within 
 the boundaries of the county, located near the Cedar river, in the 
 southwestern part of the county. 
 
317 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 1850. ' 
 
 First white child born in the county, being a daughter of 
 Truman Merritt. 
 
 T. G. Staples made the first settlement in what is now known 
 as Stapleton township. 
 
 Terrence Cummerford, first man to locate in Utica township. 
 
 1851. 
 First male white child born within the limits of the county, 
 Elmer Case, at Greenwood. 
 John and J. A. J. Bird and others settled at Bradford village. 
 
 1852. 
 First school at village of Bradford and the first one in the county. 
 James Lyon, afterwards the first county judge, located in what 
 is now Utica township. 
 
 1853. 
 
 During this year the first attempt was made towards organizing 
 the county and an election was held, but John Bird, organizing 
 sheriff, for some reason withheld all returns and it was a failure. 
 
 The first settlement made in what is now Chickasaw township 
 by Williamand Joel Bartlett, Jos. Lee, L. D. Hoisington, Samuel 
 Moru'oe, James L. Frazee, and others. ' 
 
 Henry Shaffer located in the township of Jacksonville, being the 
 first to do so within its limits. 
 
 The first sermon was preached during the year by Mr. Ingam 
 at the house of John Bird at villiage of Bradford. 
 
 The first store in the county was also opened this year at the 
 same place by J. A. J. Bird. 
 
 The first marriage license was granted to Joseph Aving and Eliza- 
 beth Jarrard, September 5. 
 
 1854. 
 
 County organized, with but one election precinct, called Bradford, 
 May 3rd. 
 
 First license to peddle issued to L. E. Hackleton, Feb. 10, by 
 the county court. 
 
 Commissioners, appointed for that purpose, locate the county seat 
 at Bradford village. 
 
 First court house built the same year, being a log house, with- 
 out ceiling. 
 
 Andy Sample, built the first saw mill and George Bronson the 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 318 
 
 first hotel in the county, both these at Bradford, where alone there 
 was any settlement to amount to much. William Dow, who has 
 the honor to be the first blacksmith also located this year. 
 
 The town of Chickasaw surveyed and platted, and the sawmill 
 at that place erected, this year, as was also the school organized and 
 taught by Miss Jane Billings. 
 
 September 1st, Frederick Padden, located at Fredericksburg,being 
 the first settler in that township Samuel Marsh and others follow- 
 ing in this same year. 
 
 The first settlement was made in Deerfield township, this year, 
 by Almon Harris, John and My rick Spurr, Edwin Hale and others, 
 in May. 
 
 Hazard Green, one of the most prominent men of the early days, 
 first settled in Jacksonville township, this year, and built the first 
 building, in what was in later times the village of Jacksonville. 
 He was afterwards hotel keeper, justice of the peace, postmaster 
 and sundry other things. 
 
 The first tax levy was made this year also. 
 
 At Nashua, in Bradford township, the first settlement is recorded 
 as occuring this year. 
 
 Wm. Millikan located in Dayton township, and established on 
 an island in the "Wapsie," a cabin known far and wide as the 
 "hunter's home;" this, with the location of a man by the name of 
 Smith, was the first attempt at settlement in that township. 
 
 The first settlers in Richland township are recorded as coming 
 in this year also, among them we find the names of J. B. Upham, 
 Joel Parsons, and David Tingley. 
 
 1855. 
 
 It is recorded that the first church society organized in the 
 county, was of the Congregational denomination, and was estab- 
 lished under the ministrations of Rev. 0. Littlefield during 
 this year. 
 
 William Tucker opened the first store in the village of Chicka- 
 saw, in the spring, and the grist mill and a steam saw mill was 
 erected during the summer of the year. 
 
 At Jacksonville, in the township of the same name, this year, 
 was established the first store in the town, as was the postofiice. 
 
 The first settlement in Washington township dates from this 
 year, as does that of the town of New Hampton, the first house in 
 
319 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 the latter being a small board building, owned by David Edwards. 
 The first store by Jacobs & Ross. 
 
 The township of Obispo was organized and an attempt made to- 
 do the same in Washington, but was 9 failure, being set aside for 
 informality. 
 
 Dr. S. C. Haynes, the first physician in the county, also located 
 this year, at Greenwood. 
 
 During this year, at Fredericksburg, Rev. S. M. Prentiss, a 
 Baptist clergyman preached the first serman. The first hotel and 
 store were also erected at the same place. The following named 
 persons also began to carry on their respective business at the 
 village of Fredericksburg, this year, viz: Emory Combs, black- 
 smith; J. V. Carpenter, shoemaker; George Hillson, wagonmaker. 
 
 Postoffice established this year at New Hampton. Osgood 
 Gowan, postmaster. 
 
 H. Bartlett, the first child born in Chickasaw township, dates 
 his advent from this year. 
 
 The township of Chickasaw was organized 
 
 1856 
 
 June, Rosa Padden, the first child in the township of Fredericks- 
 burg, was born. The town was also laid out, this year, by Fred- 
 erick Padden and Daniel Bloxham. In the same township occurs 
 the following events, this year: Steam saw mill erected ; Methodist 
 society organized, and the postoffice established at the "Burg," 
 with F. Padden, as postmaster. 
 
 First election takes place since organization of county, and 296 
 votes cast. There was also a special election this year in aid of 
 the McGregor, St. Paul & Miss, railroad, the vote being by a large 
 majority in favor of such aid. 
 
 This year the county divided into various election precincts, and 
 Deerfield and Richland townships were organized. 
 
 With this year the county seat question comes to the front. In 
 February a petition was presented to the county court, asking that 
 a vote be taken, at the next election, on the location of the county 
 seat, as between Bradford and New Hampton. The petition was 
 granted, and at the April election the question was submitted to 
 the voters, and decided in favor of Bradford, by the board of can- 
 vassers throwing out the vote of Washington township and ten 
 votes in Deerfield, for alleged informity. This led to lawsuits,. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 320 
 
 etc., but was finally settled in favor of New Hampton, that being 
 the geographical centre of the county. 
 
 During the year "Brinks Folly" was erected; this was a large 
 hotel, far in advance of the town, built at Bradford. 
 
 Deerfield township was organized April 7th of this year; W. F, 
 Wright, organizing constable. 
 
 The first school in the town of Jacksonville was established by 
 a party named Cole,, and the village laid out and platted in 
 March. 
 
 Miss Maggie Nichols teaches the first school in Nashua. Also 
 the first store, in the same place, established, being that of Smiley 
 Sample. 
 
 1857. 
 
 This was a hard year on the early settlers, and is now remem- 
 bered by them as "starvation year," many subsisting all winter on 
 soft corn. 
 
 In May the Jacksonville Republican, the first newspaper in the 
 county, was established. This was followed, the next week, by 
 the Cedar Valley News. The first was edited by Isaac Watson, 
 and the latter by Andy J. Felt. In November of the same year, 
 was formed a stock company, known as the Chickasaw County 
 Republican Association, who i^urchased the Jacksonville paper of 
 Watson, and changed the name of it to The Chickasaw County 
 Republican. 
 
 The first agricultural society of the county was organized this 
 year. This was a failuare and finally collapsed. 
 
 During this year we find the first mention of the tovrn of 
 Nashua on the records of the county judge. 
 
 An election held in aid of the Chicago, Iowa & Minnesota rail- 
 road results in a majority in favor of such aid of said road, being 
 309 for and 216 against it. 
 
 Washington, Dayton, New Hampton, and Fredericksburg town- 
 ships organized. 
 
 The first kiln of brick burned and first brick building erected 
 in the county, being some out building on the place of Hiram 
 Bailey, at Forest City. 
 
 A party by the name of Montgomery erects the first hotel in 
 Nashua, and Andy SamjDle erects the first grist mill a* the same 
 place. 
 
321 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 Saw mill at Fredericksburg destroyed by fire. 
 
 The following are among the events happening in the township 
 of Fredericksburg, this year: First school opened by Miss Anna 
 Bishop; the first marriage was celebrated, being that of Charles 
 Zwick; D. B. Hanan locates as attorney; Julien house built. 
 
 Plat of New Hampton is recorded this year, and recites that 
 Gideon Gardner, H. Hamlin, David Edwards, H. Gurley, and E. 
 T. Runion were the original proprietors thereof. 
 
 Jno. Nicholas erects first store in Stapleton township, near Crane 
 creek, and the township of Stapleton organized. 
 
 1858. 
 April 5th a vote was taken on the county seat question, as 
 between New Hampton and Forest City. On account of alleged 
 informality in some votes in Deerfield, and the board throwing 
 ■out the entire vote of Washington township. Forest City is decided 
 to have had the matter adjudged in its favor, and court adjourned 
 to that place. The matter was taken to the courts, and the next 
 year decision Avas given that New Hampton was entitled to the 
 distinction qf being the seat of the county government. 
 
 In many pavts of the country the crops were lost, this year, by 
 entailing much misery. 
 
 Utica and Jacksonville townships organized in March of this 
 year. 
 
 By a vote of the count}' the aid in favor of the McGregor, St. 
 Peter & Miss, river railroad was rescinded in April. 
 
 February 8th the Congregational church, at New Hampton, Avas 
 organized under the name of the Pilgrim Church of New Hampton. 
 Sawmill, at Fredericksburg, rebuilt. 
 
 Dr. Mack, the first physician in the latter town, locates. 
 
 1859. 
 
 The county seat relocated at New Hampton, where it has re- 
 mained ever sin'ce. 
 
 During this year was erected at tha village of Bradford the Con- 
 gregational church, well knoAvn everywhere as the "Little Brown 
 Church." This was the first church edifice, properly so called, in 
 the county, and stands, to-day, a monument of early days. J. R. 
 Nutting was the first pastor. 
 
 Dresden townshi]) was organized this year. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 322 
 
 1860. 
 
 This year was made eventful by the first issue of the New 
 Hampton Courier, a paper that still survives the vissitucles of 
 a newspaper life. 
 
 In April was organized the agricultural society of Chickasaw 
 county, at New Hampton, and in September 27th and 28th was 
 held the first exhibition of the same. This was a success, and 
 the society still is in existence and maintains a healthy organi- 
 zation. 
 
 Baptist church, at Fredericksburg, organized, with Rev. E. G. 
 Groat as pastor, as was the Presbyterian mission, of the same 
 place, with Rev. L. R. Lockwood as minister. 
 
 First board of supervisors meet. The tocsin of war having 
 resounded throughout the land, and the President of the United 
 States having called for men to put down the rebellion that 
 threatened the life of the government, the board pass a resolution, 
 granting to all volunteers from the county a bounty and support 
 for those dependent upon them, who are left to the tender mercies 
 of the world. 
 
 In June, of this year, is raised a full company in the county, 
 under the command of Captain Gideon Gardner, and which was 
 incorporated in the famous seventh Iowa infantry regiment, «and 
 known as company "B." 
 
 In November was also raised a full company, which was attached 
 to the fourth Iowa cavalry, and known as company "H." Besides 
 these many men were enlisted in the county for various 
 other regiments. 
 
 New Hamj)ton cemetery association organized. 
 
 October, company "C," thirty-eighth I^a infantry, was raised 
 in the county and went to the front. 
 
 Saw mill, at Fredericksburg, destroyed by fire for the second 
 time. 
 
 1863. 
 During the year the congregational church, at New Hampton, 
 was erected. The noted Philadelphia banker. Jay Cooke, donating 
 the sum of five hundred dollars in aid of the same. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Mary Case, appointed deputy clerk, being the first instance in 
 the county of a woman's right to public 9fiice. 
 
323 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 October 3d the first teachere institute held. 
 
 1865. 
 
 The Congregational church, incorporated under the laws of the 
 state of Iowa. 
 
 Gideon Gardner, donates the land, in New Hampton, on which 
 to build a court house for the use of the county. The contract 
 to erect the building, was let to J. H. Powers, June 6th, and was 
 to cost $2,986.00. 
 
 Cornet band, at Fredericksburg, organized. 
 
 The present school house, at the same place, erected. 
 
 1866. 
 
 During the year, a committee appointed, by the board of super- 
 visors, to let a contract, to build the bridge over Cedar river, at 
 Nashua; and to oversee the work on the same. 
 
 1867. 
 
 The committee, appointed by the board, report that they have 
 let the contract, to build the bridge at Nashua, to A. Spaulding, 
 and that he has complied with the terms thereof, and said bridge 
 is completed. 
 
 The school house at New Hampton, erected. 
 
 The city of Nashua incorporated, under the laws of the state of 
 Iowa. 
 W. S. Pitts, M. D., locates in village of Fredericksburg. 
 
 1868. 
 
 During the summer of this year, the first railroad broke ground 
 within the limits of the county. This was the Cedar Valley 
 and Minnesota railroad,, which entered the town of Nashua in 
 July. It is now known as the Cedar Valley branch of the Illinois 
 Central railroad. 
 
 Meeting held in Stapleton township, November 14th, appoint a 
 committee to wait upon the officers of the Milwaukee and St. 
 Paul railroad, approaching the boundary of the county, to 
 ask upon what terms they would put a station at or near Crane 
 Creek. 
 
 The fires settlement at the town of Lawler, dates from this year 
 also. 
 
 Rosenbaum Brothers, start a bank in Nashua, the first in the 
 county. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 324 
 
 1869. 
 In the early summer the Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad broke 
 the ground of Chickasaw county, and located the station at Lawler 
 (or as it was at first called, Crane creek station.) This road was 
 then known as the McGregor and Sioux City, but was shortly 
 after absorbed into the present company, and known as the 
 Iowa and Dakota divison of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul 
 railway. The settlement of the town of Lawler really dates from 
 this year. The first postoffice was also established with J. A. 
 Green as postmaster. 
 
 August 13, Arcana Lodge No. 274, A. F. and A. M. instituted at 
 New Hampton. 
 
 1870. 
 
 The Chickasaw county bank, organized in January, this year. 
 
 The town of Lawler, was incorporated, with J. W. VanAuken, 
 as mayor. Bryan J. Castle, also established the Lawler Gazette, 
 which however, was of short life as it only run about a year. 
 
 Methodist church at Fredericksburg erected, and John H. Kil- 
 ler's saloon at same place destroyed by fire. 
 
 1871. 
 Congregational and Catholic churches, of Lawler, organized. 
 Also the German Lutheran church at New Hampton organized, 
 in March of this year. 
 
 Independent school district of Fredericksburg organized. 
 
 1872. 
 
 The poor farm purchased, by the county, of Don A. Jackson, 
 for the sum of $3,200, being 160 acres of land, and contract 
 awarded A. W. Utter, New Hampton, to erect the necessary build- 
 ings, for the accomodation of the destitute. 
 
 Several churches erected during the year; notably, the Catholic 
 and Congregational, at Lawler, and the Methodist at New Hamp- 
 ton. 
 
 J. V. Carpenter's residence, at Fredericksburg, burned in the 
 spring the year. 
 
 1873. 
 
 Town of New Hampton incorporated, and first city election 
 takes place May 21st. 
 
 Roman Catholic church at Nashua organized, and Catholic 
 cemetery at New Hampton, established. 
 
325 HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 
 
 1874. 
 German Congregational church, at New Hampton, organized. 
 Mount Horeb Lodge, 333, A. F. and A. M. at village of Freder- 
 icksburg, established. 
 
 1875. 
 Chickasaw County Times, a weekly newspaper, started at Lawler, 
 by F. M. Haislet, now owner of the New Hampton Tribune. 
 Cheese factory at Fredericksburg established. 
 
 1876. 
 There being some irregularity in the pievious incorporation 
 of the town of Lawler, a new act of incorperation was past this 
 year. 
 
 September 2nd, a lodge of workmen organized, at New Hamp- 
 ton. 
 
 1877. 
 
 This year is marked by the big fire at I^awler, that wiped 
 out nearly the entire business portion of the community. It de- 
 stroyed, the Times office, the stores of Green and Lynch, E. A. 
 Ervin, Miss E. Lawrence, J. Fitzsimmons, F. Clarkin, W. M. 
 O'Brien, P. O'Reilly, John Nicholas, Lovejoy and McFarland, Mrs. 
 M. F. Binns, Genshaw and Co., J. N. Baker and Co., the saloons 
 of Fitsimmons Bros., and John Doyle, the Lawler litrary, law lit- 
 rary of D. West, the butcher shop of J. A. Real, five grain ware- 
 houses and numerous other building, and property, aggregating in 
 value $83,500 on which there were was an insurance of only 
 $56,450. 
 
 The Episcopal church, at New Hampton, was organized July 
 30th. 
 
 Conflagration at Fredickersburg, destroying the buildings and 
 stocks of Padden Bros., Mrs. Howe and Mrs. Stone, and A. Smith. 
 
 1878. 
 
 John Kolthoff starts the cheese factory, in Dresden township. 
 
 New church erected in Nashua, by the Methodist denomina- 
 tion, the finest religious edifice in the county. 
 
 Lawler Oddfellows organize a lodge. 
 
 1879. 
 
 Smith and Darrow, organize a banking office at New Hamp- 
 ton. 
 
HISTORY OF CHICKASAW COUNTY. 326 
 
 Again fire devastates the town of Lawler, burning McNevins, 
 saloon, R. D. Parker's store King's hotel, Exchange bank and the 
 barber shop. The loss was about seven or eight thousand dollars, 
 but the people whose property was thus destroyed, were not dis- 
 couraged, but went to work with a will and almost before the fire 
 had died out, were making arrangements to continue their busi- 
 ness. 
 
 First National bank of Nashua organize, with A. G. Case as pres- 
 ident, and A. J. Felt, cashier. 
 
 1880. 
 
 Court house at New Hampton destroyed by fire, supposed to 
 . have had an incendiary origin. This necessitated a new court 
 Jaouse and on this issue hinged the contest for the county seat of 
 this year. Nashua, offering to build a court house and loan it to 
 county for as long as they occupied it for that jDurpose, but New 
 Hampton merchants, and business men generally, accepthig the 
 situation, donated to the county of ^5,000 toward a building. 
 This, together with the influence of a remonstrance, signed by a 
 majority of the voters of the county, induced the board of super- 
 visors, to relocate the seat of county government at New Hamp- 
 ton and build the present elegant and commodious building which 
 graces the city. 
 
 1881. 
 
 Again fire visits the apparently doomed city of Lawler, devouring 
 the stores of H. S. Blackett, G. Miller, A. Bechelt, A. P. Johnson, 
 P. O'Reiley and many other buildings, making a loss of about 
 $55,000, of which but a small portion is covered by insurance. 
 
 School house, at New Hampton, is also burned during the 
 spring. 
 
 During the year, the Methodist Episcopal church, at Williams- 
 town, is erected. 
 
 This being a good year for fires, the Dixon house, one of the 
 oldest hotels in New Hampton is destroyed by flames. 
 
 First National bank at New Hampton, was organized December 
 15th. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Vote on the amendment, to prohibit the manufacture or sale of 
 intoxicating liqour, in the state results as follows: 1382 for the 
 adoption of the amendment and 1068 against adoption. 
 
327 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 HISTORY OF HOWAED COUBTY. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Introductory; Geography; Geology; Recources; Early Settle- 
 ment; Names of Settlers, and Date of Location; Early 
 Mills, Churches, Stores, Schools, Postoffices, Etc.; First 
 Births, Marriages, Court, and Newspapers. 
 
 From the early days, when the adventurer, seeking his future in 
 this new world, landed, on the sunny shores of Virginia, when the 
 rigid puritan, in search of the religious liberty so dear to him, 
 moored his bark on New England's bleak and inhospitable coast, 
 the searcher after wealth or liberty has been pushing westward, 
 ever westward, overflowing the eastern and middle states, deluging 
 Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, until the great tide of emigration, which is 
 still pressing on, toward the setting sun, reached our own fair 
 state. In 1854 quite a number came into the land, now known as 
 Howard county, then an unbroken wilderness, emerald prairie, 
 majestic groves, and smiling water courses — all in primeval loveli- 
 ness — blest their sight; but few white men's feet had pressed its 
 sod, and the habitations of man was represented by the skin 
 wigwam of the Indian, or the rude shanty of the few hunters or 
 trappers that infested the streams. Among those whose names 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 328 
 
 are mentioned as among the earliest settlers of the county, how 
 many still are with us? Alas, there number is small and diminish- 
 ing every day. Many removed from the county ere many years 
 had flown, others followed from year 1^ year in hopes to better 
 their condition in other localities; others have passed to the 
 "shining shore" of the beautiful river, while others still linger in 
 the homes, among us, that they have reared by their industry and 
 perseverance on these beautiful prairies of Howard county. 
 
 What changes the intervening years have ^brought! These wild 
 glades and grassy meads have been converted into magnificent 
 farms, gardens of beauty, comparatively speaking. The rude 
 habitations of the barbarian and semi-civilized has given place to the 
 substantial farmhouse and palatial dwelling. The camping ground 
 of the Winnebago, Sac, Fox, and kindred tribes of red men, are 
 now occupied by cities, towns, and villages; zig-zag trails are 
 superceded by broad roads, and fine bridges span the streams 
 where once the bark canoe was the only means of transport from 
 shore to shore. 
 
 Howard county is in the extreme northern tier of counties, and 
 the third west from the Mississippi river, and is bounded on the 
 east by Winnesheik county, on the south by the county of 
 Chickasaw, west by Mitchell and on the north by the state of 
 Minnesota. 
 
 In speaking of the surface, soil, timber, and geological forma- 
 tion, Andreas' Atlas, says: 
 
 "This is chiefly a prairie county. The surface is undulating, 
 and the elevation such that it is healthful and agreeable, while the 
 landscape is beautiful and pleasing in any direction the observer 
 may choose to look. All the rough land lies in the northeastern 
 part, Albion township. No county in Iowa presents, in propor- 
 tion to its size, less waste land than Howard. 
 
 The soil is very uniform; it is a black loam, with clay sub-soil. 
 In some places the loam reaches to the underlying limestone 
 formation. In point of productive worth it can not be excelled, 
 and all grains, grasses, and cereals common to highly valuable 
 agricultural districts, succeed well. 
 
 The timber region embraces a small proportion of Howard 
 county, probably one-twelfth. A large proportion of this is young 
 timber of difierent varieties, but chiefly oak and poplar, but small 
 
329 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 bodies of burr oak may be found about the county at various 
 points, skirting the rich prairies. There is also considerable 
 timber along the western Wapsipinicon, and in places along the 
 other streams. 
 
 The rock basis of Howard county, in the northeast corner, 
 belongs to the Lower Silurian age. On the southwest nearly one- 
 half its area lies within the Devonian region. The intervening 
 space is that of the Niagara limestone of the Upper Silurian age. 
 There are frequent exposures of rock along nearly all the streams, 
 furnishing good quarries of excellent building stone and lime." 
 
 The Wapsipinicon floAvs through the county, while the Little 
 Wapsipinicon rises within the limits of the county. The deriva- 
 tion of the name is Indian, and there seems to be some question 
 as to the exact meaning, but on the authority of Antoine Le Claire,. 
 of Davenport, one of the best Indian linguists of his day, it is a 
 corruption of Wau-bis-e-pin-e-ka, and translated, would be Waubis, 
 white; pineka, potato; so that, if rendered into English, it would 
 be the White Potato river. 
 
 The Upper Iowa river, the largest stream in the county, pursues a 
 winding course, running through the northern tiers of townships 
 in a general easterly direction. The headwaters of the Turkey 
 river is near the center of the county in the township of Howard) 
 Center, aud Paris. Crane creek waters a large part of the county, 
 flowing in a southeasterly course, rising in Jamestown township, 
 and traversing the entire county. The Upper Iowa affords a very 
 excellent water power, which is improved to a considerable extent. 
 These streams, with their numerous affiuents, well supjjly the 
 county with never-failing water — the dryest season failing to 
 produce a lack of that necessity. 
 
 The natural resources of the county are great, but the loss of the 
 wheat crop of 1878 has paralyzed the energies of many farmers, 
 and business seems to stagnate, but under the judicious manage- 
 ment of tlie present the outlook is good, and we may soon see 
 Howard take the place among the counties which it should hold — 
 that of a leader. The farming community have seen the folly of 
 sticking to the raising of wheat alone, and the fine herds of cattle 
 and droves of swine testify to the increasing prosperity of the 
 people. 
 
 The first white man tha{ we have any record of, that inhabited 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 330 
 
 this county, is said, by reliable tradition, to have been one Hiram 
 Johnson, of whom it is told that he erected a cabin and settled 
 near Oregon Grove, but as he never broke up or cultivated any 
 land, but subsisted by hunting and fishing; the old settlers dis- 
 claim all right of his to be considered in the light of one of them- 
 selves. The date of his location was December, 1851. But the 
 actual pre-emptors, as they were called, did not attempt anything 
 until sirring of 1853, when the tide of emigration first cast its 
 ripples this way; we give below the list of all the early settlers, 
 whose names we could learn with the year of their inc(miing. 
 Many more were there, but time has wrapj^ed their names in his 
 oblivious mantle, and it is impossible to find any record of them. 
 Those who first located in 
 
 1853, 
 
 were Henry Brown, in May, in Oakdale; Daniel Crowell and 
 Andrew Nelson, in the spring, in Albion; Wm. Cottrell, Thos. 
 Lewis, H. Shuttleworth, and Wm. Brown, at New Oregon; Owen 
 Sprague, Wm. Harlow, Thos. Fitzgerald, Thos: Granathan, and 
 " — Noonan, at Vernon Springs. 
 
 1854. 
 
 S. M. Col5, George Schofield, J. F. Mitchell, Jas. G. Upton, E. 
 Gillett, M. G. Goss, M. L. Goss, M. L. Shook, H. Blodgett, J. M. 
 Fields, Thos. Lewis, and C. M. Munson, in Vernon Springs town- 
 ship; R. S. Buckminster, A. D. C. and Jos. Knowlton, Jno. Adam, 
 R. E. Bassett, Benj. and Geo. Gardner, Oscar Cheseboro, and the 
 three Mertimers in Forest City township; Jared Sigler and Chas. 
 Salmon, in Saratoga; C. S. Thurber, and L. Aspinall, in Albion; 
 A. Pooler, Jos. Hall, Lemuel Potter, Martin Boardman, Edward 
 Butters and W. P. Hough, in Afton; W. S. Pettibone, in Howard; 
 Robt. Jerod, Josiah Laws, 0. M. Thayer, M. Gates, in Oakdale; A. 
 W. Kingsley, Norman Freeman, C. M. Sawyer, in Chester. 
 
 1855. 
 
 Thos. Griffin and Patrick Richards, in Paris; Joseph Daniels, S. 
 L. Cary and G. M. Van Leuvan, in Forest City, Augustus Beadle, 
 in Vernon Springs; Oliver Arnold, Thos. Osborne, H. D. Lapham, 
 and W. D. Darrow, in Albion; Royal 0. Thayer, Alfred Eldridge, 
 W. E. Thayer, Ira Eldridge, Michael Creamer, Patrick Mullen, and 
 Aseph Webster, in Howard Center township. 
 
331 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. , 
 
 C. D. Cutting, Geo. Edward, Stephen and Albert Tuples, Ed- 
 ward Irish, Samuel Hallett, Willis Spencer, David Patterson, 
 Thos. DeMoss, L. Fassett, Wm. and Dennis Rice, James E. Bennett, 
 James A. Cutting, D. P. Bradford, John Moffitt, Lyman Southard, 
 Milo S. Torsey, Hazen Ricker, John Fiefield, Asel Wilmot, and 
 Luther Titeum, in the present township of Jamestown. 
 
 1856. 
 
 J. S. Sturgis, in Paris; Wm. Conery, Jno. F. Thayer, W. A. and 
 Calvin F. Webster, Henry A. Cook, Laban Hassett, and Lawrence 
 Long, in Howard Center; and Darius and Smith Seeley in the 
 same. 
 
 One of the first locations, chpsen by the pioneers and a favorite 
 one for many years, was at "Oregon Grove," as it was called, 
 now known as New Oregon and Vernon Springs; here in 
 the fine timber on the Turkey river, the early settler pitched 
 his tent, rearing his humble log cabin and breaking the sod put in 
 his little crop; here he first essayed to wring from the reluctant 
 earth the living for himself and family, which was his only ambi- 
 tion; not knowing that he was planting the germs of the civiliza- 
 tion that has borne such grand fruit in these later days. Although 
 but thirty years have elapsed since the plough first broke the 
 grassy covering of mother earth in the county, since the first cabin 
 was erected within its boundaries; it has grown with a mighty 
 growth in spite of many adverse circumstances, until it has be- 
 came a garden spot; teeming with rich and fertile farms. 
 
 Of its natural resources and present status it may be said, that 
 there is no swamp or waste lands in the county, and over 90 per 
 cent, of the lands are improved, that is to say, the land is broken up 
 and some cheap buildings built for present use until money 
 enough is made out of the land to build better ones; occasionally 
 the old temporary buildings are torn down and good farm 
 houses and barns built in their stead; but as a rule the first 
 buildings erected on a farm have not been improved upon. 
 Groves have been planted and native timber generally taken care 
 of, so that there is plenty of timber for all time to come, provided 
 it is not wantonly destroyed and wasted. There is an abundance 
 of good pure water to be had wherever wanted by digging for 
 it. It is found at aji average of about twenty feet from the 
 surface. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 332 
 
 The surface of the county is undulating, not bluffy, affording 
 excellent drainage. The pure running water in the numerous 
 Btreams, with an absence of swamps and stagnant sloughs, renders 
 the atmosphere salubrious at all seasons. Malarious diseases, and 
 that scourge of some of the Eastern and Southern States, the fever 
 and ague, are seldom if ever known. 
 
 THE FINANCES 
 
 of the county are in a very healthy condition indeed, the total 
 indebtedness being only $5,600, which is bonded and drawing 
 interest at 6 per cent. There is no floating debt and no probabil- 
 ities that the future expenditures necessary to run the county will 
 ever exceed the present low levy. Taxes are not burdensome and 
 are growing lighter every year. 
 
 Howard county is not situated away out on the frontier. It is 
 the third county Avest from the Mississippi river in the northern 
 tier of counties, and has a population of 10,837. as shown by the 
 census taken last June. Cresco, the county seat has a population 
 of 1,875. The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway passes 
 throvigh the northeastern and northern portions of the county, and 
 two more lines are being surveyed and grade stakes set through 
 the western part of the county now, both of which will probably 
 be built during the coming season. 
 
 The reason for the present depression in the price of land, is not 
 because tlie land is poor in quality, but because so many of the 
 farmers have, to quote Beecher, "tried to carry all their eggs in one 
 basket, "to-wit: raised nothing but wheat. 
 
 Still good improved land is worth from twenty to thirty dollars 
 per acre. 
 
 THE SOIL 
 
 is a dark, deep sandy loam, no alkali, with a lime stone and clay 
 subsoil, and is very productive of all kinds of crops, especially the 
 different varieties of grasses. Kentucky blue grass can be grown 
 plentifully with ease. Kentucky herself cannot compete with our 
 prairies in the production of the famous forage plant. In fact 
 blue grass and white clover are taking the place of the native grasses 
 wherever the land is pastured to any extent. Timothy and clover 
 are a sure and immense crop; in short, there is no end to the capa- 
 bilities of this soil for all this class of products. Corn, oats, barley^ 
 and flax, are always sure crops and yield largely. All kinds of root 
 
333 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. ' 
 
 crops do well and yield enormously. Nearly all kinds of fruits 
 are grown successfully. Wheat has always been a sure and profit- 
 able crop until within a few years. In 1876 our people experienc- 
 ed their first set back in wheat raising; the wheat was struck with 
 the rust and we had less than half a crop. In 1877 we had a good 
 wheat crop, the yield was enormous. In 1878 the Mdieat crop 
 promised a greater yield than the crop of 1877, but it was destroyed 
 just before maturity by heavy rains and exceedingly hot weather; 
 it was literally cooked by the hot sun and vapor, from the wet 
 ground. In 1879 and 1880 the wheat crop failed entirely. As a rule 
 the people in this section of Iowa with the people of southeastern 
 Minnesota have made wheat rajsing a specialty, perhaps seven out 
 of every ten of the farmers have raised nothing else but wheat, in 
 many cases they did not raise enough corn, oats, and hay to feed 
 their horses througii the winter and would have to buy feed for 
 them. They never raised any vegetables or garden stuff and did 
 not keep any cattle, hogs or sheep. 
 
 THE CLIMATE 
 
 is healthful and invigorating. The summers are very warm; 
 the winters are very cold. Yet neither of these seasons is ordinarily 
 oppressive, for the hot days of summer are usually followed by 
 cool, clear nights, and the winters are particularly distinguished 
 for a dry, pure and invigorating atmosphere. Cyclones, hurri- 
 canes, whirlwinds and water spouts have never been known in 
 this section. The formation of the face of the country is such^ 
 that storms of this class are either broKcn up or turned aside long 
 before they reach us. The terrible "blizzards" that used to sweep 
 over the country every winter when the country was new have 
 lost their dangerous element. The fences and numerous groves 
 planted on the different farms break their force, so that now it is 
 not any more uncomfortable or dangerous to travel through the 
 country here during the winter than in any of the Eastern States. 
 
 THE PUBLIC OR FREE SCHOOL SYSTEM 
 
 of Iowa is noted for being the best of any in the United States, 
 and the schools in Howard county are of the best, and the high 
 school of Cresco is not surpassed in the State. 
 
 SOCIETY AND CHURCH PRIVILEGES 
 
 will compare favorably with any and surpass many sections of the 
 East where there is the same population in town and country. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 334 
 
 Nearly all denominations are represented in the towns, and 
 churches are built at convenient distances through the county. 
 The people as a rule are intelligent, well informed, industrious 
 temperate and law abiding citizens. 
 
 Contrast the first feeble attempts at settlement, with the above, 
 and then if you can, say that the future of Howard county does 
 not seem grand. If in the brief years that have elapsed since the 
 foot of the first Avhite man trod this virgin land, so much improve- 
 ment has been made, may we not look for much more in the years 
 to come. 
 
 But everything has its beginning, and the settlement of the 
 county was, of course, no exce])tion to the rule. We are told that 
 in 1853, the first saw mill was erected, near what is now the town 
 of Vernon Springs, on the Turkey river; it was in the grove, and 
 built and owned by Oren Sprague. This was a great convenience 
 to those who shortly came into the country. And for many years 
 lumber was hauled from it to all parts of the country. In the 
 summer and fall of 1854^ however, another saw mill was erected by 
 W. Harlow, about one and a half miles from the present site of 
 New Oregon; and in February, 1856, another was erected on the 
 Cedar river, in Jamestown, by a company, of whom James D. Cut- 
 ting, D. P. Bradford, John Mofifett and Lyman Southard were 
 members. The first grist mill was erected in Foreston about 1854, 
 and in the .summer of 1855, the second was built at Vernon 
 Springs, on the Turkey river. 
 
 The first store ever opened for business, within the limits of the 
 county, was at Vernon Springs. Here, in the year 1854, Henry 
 Milder, put up a building, and opened a store, where was kept the 
 usual miscellaneous stock of the early merchants. This store was 
 known for many years, far and wide, as the "blue store," from the 
 color with which its owner saw fit to decorate its front. Here, to 
 the "store" came all the pioneers, to buy their groceries, etc., and 
 sit around the store in winter and exchange opinions on politics, 
 crop prospects, local gossip, etc, as the manner of such is yet to 
 this day. 
 
 Miss Harriett Cole, has the honor of being the first to teach a 
 school in Howard county. In 1854 it was first opened in a little 
 log cabin, and she was installed as the first teacher, and her fitness 
 for the position is testified to, by many of her pujDils, and by the 
 
335 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 fact that she has continued to wield the ferule for so many years. 
 
 The pioneer church was one organized at the town of New 
 Oregon, in 1856, under the pastorate of Rev. John W. Windsor, to 
 whose energy and perservence it owes its inception and origin. It 
 was. of the Congregational denomination, and still existed when the 
 town of Cresco came into being, when finding that many of its 
 members were moving to that city, the church was transferred 
 there also, and preserves its existance with an unbroken chain from 
 the earliest church unto the present time. In later years many 
 other church organizations have sprung into being, which are men- 
 tioned elsewhere. 
 
 In 1854 a postofiice was established at "Oregon Grove", which 
 was the first in the county. Hiram Johnson was the first post- 
 master, acting as such for a short time; as before his commis- 
 sion could reach him in those days of slow mail facilities, he re- 
 moved from the county and state; going to Carmonia, Fillmore 
 county, Minnesota, where he resided a few short years and then 
 emigrated to California, where he died. S. M. Cole was then com- 
 missioned as postmaster, being the first that was legally and truly 
 such. The office was at his house in New Oregon township about 
 three miles from where Cresco now stands. This office he held 
 until 1857, when J. S. Lawver succeeded him and moved the post- 
 office to village of New Oregon. 
 
 In regard to who was the first child born in the county, there 
 seems to be some dispute, but out of all the contradictory reports 
 we have gathered, the fact seems to be that Lucy Thurber should 
 enjoy that pre-eminence. This may be an error, but the weight 
 of evidence seems to point that way. 
 
 The first male child born in the county was Jacob Harlow, 
 whose advent occurred in October, 1854. A son of Jacob Kramer's 
 was born April 1855, and C. S. Thurber, jr., came into being 
 August 27, 1855. We have been very particular to give these 
 dates, as the question seems to have been discussed and disputed, 
 and we have taken pains to give the facts as they really occurred. 
 
 The first record of any marriage in the county, relates, that on 
 
 February 21, 1856, Edmund Gillett led to the hymenal altar, Miss 
 
 Helen Barber. 
 
 Among the early arrivals in the new settlement, at New Oregon, 
 
 then the most important village in the county, we find the names 
 
 of several of the legal fraternity; among them M. V. Burdick, 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 336 
 
 who later sat upon the judicial bench, D. E. Mills, and W. R. 
 Mead, the latter now and for many years the editor of the ''Plain- 
 dealer," later came, a gentleman by the name of Gilchrist, ol whom 
 old settlers tell a good story, which will bear repetition. 
 
 It was at a meeting of the district court, Judge Samuel Mur- 
 dock, presiding. Some cause or other had given rise to a feeling 
 of ill will between Gilchrist and Murdock, and it was continually 
 cropping out, through all the case, which was being tried. Every 
 point raised by Gilchrist in the interest of his client, was overruled 
 by the bench; every question decided against him until his 
 patience was worn out. Throwing himself into an imposing 
 attitude, with head thrown back and arms folded majestically 
 across his chest, when the last point was gone, he exclaimed: "My 
 God, what shall we do now?" The answer came from Judge Mu^-- 
 dock in the cutting, sarcastic tone he knows so well how to use; 
 •'Why, m}^ advice would be to hire an attorney." The situation 
 can easier be imagined than described. The roar that greeted the 
 judge's answer, together with the sarcasm of the reply, crushed 
 Mr. Gilchrist, and for many years he endeavored to get even with 
 the learned jurist, but never could recover the ground lost, and 
 finally left the place. 
 
 The first term of the district court was held at Vernon Springs, 
 in June, 1857, Samuel Murdock being the judge, and was held in 
 a hall rented for the purpose. At this term of tln^ court the fitst 
 naturalization papers were issued in the county to one Joseph 
 Schafer, an alien, who desired to become a citizen of the United 
 States. 
 
 The pioneer hotel was one kept by S. M. Cole, familiarl}^ known 
 throughout the county as "Matt Cole," and was the stopping 
 place for all those who moved through New Oregon, and for M. O. 
 Walker's stage line, of which latter Mr. Cole was the agent. 
 
 The first newspaper started was the Howard county Sentinel, 
 established in the town of New Oregon, February 18, 1858, J. 
 Howard Field being the editor. A fuller history of this paper 
 will be found further on. 
 
337 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Organization; Records; Proceedings of the County Boards; 
 Burning of the Court House; The Flying Kyte; Tax Levys; 
 Treasurers Reports; Resolutions, Etc. 
 
 The first mention we find of the county of Howard, viewed 
 from a judicial point of view, is the following from the records of 
 Chickasaw county, to which it appears to have been attached: 
 
 March term, Chickasaw county court, 1855: 
 
 "Ordered, that Howard county be divided into two election 
 districts, dividing the same into an eastern and a western district, 
 from a line drawn north and .south through the center of the 
 county. And that an election be held on the first Monday of 
 April, to elect two justices of the peace and two constables in 
 each precinct. Election to be held at the house of W. S. Pettibone, 
 in the western district, and at the house of Geo. Schofield, in the 
 eastern district." 
 
 The election was held in accordance with the above, and we 
 have been so fortunate as to procure a copy of the original poll 
 book, as returned for the western district, which we copy verbatim, 
 as it is quite a curiosity in its way : 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 338 
 
 POLL BOOK OF HOWARD COUNTY, IOWA: 
 
 1. John Geer. 
 
 2. A. Pooler. 
 
 3. Wm. S. Pettibone. 
 
 4. A. S. Butters. 
 
 5. Wm. P. Hough. 
 
 6. James Hall. 
 
 TALLY LIST. 
 
 For Justices of Peace — 
 
 Wm. S. Pettibone 6 votes. 
 
 John Harlow 6 votes. 
 
 For Constables — 
 
 A. S. Butters 6 votes. 
 
 John Brown 6 votes. 
 
 At an election at the house of W.S. Pettibone, in Howard town- 
 ship, Howard county, state of Iowa, on the 2d day of April, A. D. 
 1855, there were six ballots cast, as follows: 
 
 Justices of the Peace — 
 
 Wm. S. Pettibone 6 votes. 
 
 John Harlow 6 votes. 
 
 Constables — 
 
 A. S. Butters '. 6 votes. . 
 
 John Brown 6 votes. 
 
 A true return, 
 A. Pooler, 
 
 W. S. Pettibone, [ Judges of the Election. 
 
 A. 8. Butters. j 
 
 Attest : Wm. P. Hough, | ^^^^^^ ^^ Election. 
 J AS. Hall. j 
 The following is also an exact copy of the original petition, 
 presented to Judge Lyon, of Chickasaw, at the July term of the 
 county court, of Chickasaw county, 1855, which explains itself: 
 "To the honorable county judge of Chickasaw county: 
 
 The undersigned legal voters of Howard county respectfully ask 
 your Honor to take the necessary steps to effect the organizatiotL 
 of said Howard county at the coming August election: 
 And your petitioners will ever pray : 
 John Odeen, James Mahood, 
 
 James W. Snider, George Duffy, 
 
 Nye Gushing. 
 
339 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 We are given to understand that there was considerable opposi- 
 tion to the organization of the connty at this time, but the thing 
 was skillfully handled, the petition presented and the order of the 
 court issued, granting the same before any one, from whom the 
 opposition might be expected, was aware. On the record book of 
 the county judge we find the following, in regard to the matter: 
 
 "A petition was presented to me on the 17th day of July, 1855, 
 for organizing Howard county. 
 
 "Ordered, that the same be granted and an election be held at 
 the houses of W. S. Pettibone and G. W. Schofield, in said 
 county, to elect a county judge; sheriff; recorder and treasurer; 
 prosecuting attorney; coroner; surveyor; school fund commis- 
 sioner, and a district clerk, and that Edmund Gillett be organi- 
 zating sheriff to call the election on the first Monday of August, 
 1855. Jas. Lyon, county judge." 
 
 The election was held in accordance with the order, as above, 
 and the officers chosen were: 
 
 County judge — James G. Upton. 
 
 Clerk— Edmund Gillett. 
 
 Recorder and treasurer — Wm. Woodward. 
 
 Sheriff — John Harlow. 
 
 Prosecuting attorney — M. V. Burdick. 
 
 The first entry we find upon the record of the new county 
 judge, bears the date of September 15, 1855, and is an order of 
 the court to pay 1). B. Cook & Co., of Chicago, $126.00 for books 
 and stationery for the use of the county. 
 
 As the clerk could not write very well while holding his book or 
 paper on his knee, the court also ordered that a desk be purchased 
 for his use at an expense of thirty dollars. 
 
 The first regularly laid out road evidently dates from the year 
 1857, as we find it recorded that John C. Miles be paid for survey- 
 ing road number one. A state road was also built through the 
 southern part of the county during the same year. Before this 
 the roads were more properly trails than surveyed and built roads, 
 winding through the prairies and groves in zig-zags that lengthened 
 the distance considerably. Sometimes marked and oftener not. 
 
 At the June term of the county court, 1857, it was ordered that 
 hereafter the jury should be seated, and that twelve chairs be 
 ordered for their accommodation. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 340 
 
 The following proclamation was placed upon the records of the 
 court during the July term, 1857: 
 
 State of Iowa, ] 
 County of Howard, j 
 
 In pursuance of the code of Iowa, and at the request of a 
 
 portion of the people of said county, an election is hereby ordered 
 
 to be held in the several townships in said county of Howard, oa 
 
 the third day of August, A. D, 1857, at the places where the last 
 
 April elections were held, to vote upon the question, whether the 
 
 said county of Howard should take $150,000 of the stock of the 
 
 Northwestern railroad company, and issue bonds in payment 
 
 therefore, bearing interest at the rate of ten per cent, per annum, 
 
 the principal sum to be paid in twenty ^years. And that a tax be 
 
 levied upon the taxable property of said county for'^the payment 
 
 of principal and interest. The said railroad company to pay the 
 
 interest on said bonds, until said road is in operation to the east 
 
 line of said county of Howard. Said bonds to be issued when 
 
 said road shall be in operation to Decorah, Winnesheik county, 
 
 and permanently located to the west line of Howard county. 
 
 The form of the vote shall be: "For the Railroad Stock." 
 "Against the Railroad Stock." 
 
 Every affirmative vote shall be considered for the proposition 
 entire. 
 
 In testimony, whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed 
 the seal of said county, this first day of July, A. D. 1857. 
 
 [seal.] James G. Upton, 
 
 County judge. 
 
 The court evidently desired the greatest light on the sul)ject, as 
 we find that a bill was presented and allowed at the August term, 
 1857, for $2.90 to pay for candles. And at the same term the 
 judge ordered the purchase of a safe for the county records, to be 
 purchased of Chislet, Buckley & Co., of Dubuque, to cost 320 
 dollars. 
 
 Again during the October term of court, 1857, we are called on 
 to lament the enervating effects of law, as the sheriff is ordered to 
 purchase a stove and pipe. 
 
 There were in 1859 five townships regularly organized in the 
 county, viz: Vernon Springs, Jamestown, Osborne, Howard Center, 
 and Iowa. In 1858 New Oregon, Forest City, and Howard were 
 
341 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 added to the list. This is according to the only record that 
 survives the fire that destroyed the Court House in December, 
 1876. 
 
 The judge at the October term of court, 1858, fixed the follow- 
 ing as the rate of tax: 
 
 County tax, five mills on the dollar; state tax, one and a half 
 mill; road tax, one and a half mill; school tax, one and a half 
 mill. 
 
 The bounties on wolf and wild cat scalps are quite numerous 
 during this yeari at every term of court many being paid. 
 
 The county seat was moved, by order of the county judge, from 
 Howard Center to a point - midway between the towns of New 
 Oregon and Vernon Springs, where the court house was built in 
 February, 1859, as will be more tully detailed elsewhere. 
 
 At the February term of court, 1860, a petition was received, 
 signed by J. W. Baird and others, asking that the name of 
 Osborne township be changed to Albion. By an order of the 
 court, dated March 5, 1860, the prayer was granted and the name 
 accordingly changed to the one it has borne ever since. 
 
 Under date of August 4, 1860, we find recorded that a license 
 was issued to Cook's circus, that it might exhibit at New Oregon; 
 this is the first that ever made its appearance within the limits of 
 the county, and hence is a matter of record. 
 
 September 1, 1860, the first sale of delinquent taxes, those for 
 1857-8 and 9, occurred, and is entered in the judge's record, as 
 sliraly attended. 
 
 The tax levy, ordered by the county court for 1860, places it at: 
 County tax, five mills on the dollar; state tax, one and a half 
 mill, and school tax, one and a half mill. 
 
 In 1861, the mode of government for the county was changed 
 and instead of tlie county judge, being, ex-officio, the ruler of the 
 matters of government, the power was lodged in a board of super- 
 visors, composed of one member from each organized towiiship. 
 January 7th, 1861, the first board met and was composed of the 
 following gentlemen: 
 
 J. W. Barrel, of Albion; G. W. Ostrander, of Howard; T. R. 
 Perry, of Howard Centre; T. Griffin, of Paris; S. W. Seeley, of 
 Jamestown; J. H. Boggess, of Afton; S. Radford, of Chester; M. 
 Miles, of Iowa river; C. M. Munson, of New Oregon; W. Strother, 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 345 
 
 of Vernon Springs; C. A. Salmon, of Saratoga; S. L. Gary, of 
 Forest City. At the first meeting of the board, the following reso- 
 lution was adopted: 
 
 "Resolved, By the board of supervisors of Howard county, 
 that having examined the contract entered into, by and between 
 Darius Seeley, county judge, and the Northern Iowa Railroad 
 company, for the conditional conveyance of the swamp lands of 
 said county, to aid in the construction of such road, that the said 
 contract hereby meets and has our entire approval. 
 
 "Also, Resolved, That a suitable person be sent to the meeting 
 of the bondholders, meeting in Milwaukee, of the Milwaukee and 
 Mississippi railroad, and also a meeting of the directors of the 
 Northern Iowa railroad, January 18, 1861, to look after the inter- 
 ests of the county." 
 
 At the February meeting of the board, the committee, appointed 
 to examine the books of .the county judge, reported, that, they 
 found the books in such inextricable confusion, that it was impos- 
 sible to audit them, or make anything out of them. And they, 
 also, found that the records of the county, as kept by the county 
 recorder, during the year 1856, were upon loose, unbound paper, 
 and many of them liable to be easily lost to the great detriment of 
 the interests of the people. 
 
 June session of the board of supervisors J. H. St. John was ap- 
 pointed to fill the vacancy, caused by the removal from the county, 
 of S. W. Seeley, late member of the board from Jamestown town- 
 ship. 
 
 The mighty march of civilization, moves onward hand in hand 
 with crime; the clerk is instructed to purchase two pair shackles 
 and three pair of hand cuffs for the use of the sheriff's office. 
 This at the June session, 1861. 
 
 At the same time, the board made the rate, for the tax levy of 
 1861 as follows: 
 
 For county tax, four mills on the dollar; state tax, one and one- 
 half mills; school tax, one mill and for bridge fund three-fourths 
 of a mill. 
 
 In January, 1862, we find, that, owing to the prospective wealth 
 of the county looming up so large, the county treasurer was unable 
 to write with a common steel pen, and the honorable board of 
 supervisors pass a resolution to purchase a gold one, to be the 
 
346 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 property of the county, and to be placed in the custody of the 
 treasurer, but without his giving any additional bonds. 
 
 At the session of the board of supervisors, held in June, 1862, a 
 petition of the citizens of Iowa river township was granted chang- 
 ing the name of said township to Oakdale. 
 
 The following will show the status of the finances of the county 
 in 1862, being the report of the treasurer, delivered June 1st, of 
 that year: 
 
 COUNTY FUND. 
 
 To cash in treasury at last report $ 17.89 
 
 Amount collected since 2173.71 
 
 Amount warrants issued 632.22 
 
 $2823.82 
 
 By county warrants redeemed 2611.00 
 
 By cash in treasury 212.82 
 
 $2823.82 
 
 STATE TAX FUND. 
 
 To amount in the treasury, last report 124.59 
 
 To amount collected since 737.86 
 
 To amount due A. M. McCowan 12.13 
 
 $874.58 
 By disbursements 874.58 
 
 COUNTY SCHOOL FUND. 
 
 To amount in the treasury last report 444.23 
 
 To amount collected since 544.74 
 
 $988.97 
 
 By disbursements 831 .60 
 
 Cash in treasury 157.37 
 
 $988.97 
 
 POLL TAX FUND. 
 
 To amount collected to date 90.40 
 
 By amount transfered to general county fund.. 90.40 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 347 
 
 BRIDGE FUND. 
 
 To cash in treasury, last report 24.54 
 
 To cash collected since 227.86 
 
 $252.40 
 By amount transferred general county fund 252.40 
 
 FEDERAL TAX 1861. 
 
 .To amount collected to date 227.41 
 
 By amount in treasury 227.41 
 
 During the Indian outbreak and massacres in the state of Min- 
 nesota, during the summer of 1862, may people in Howard county 
 became seriously alarmed, and the board of supervisors passed the 
 following resolution : 
 
 "To his excellency, Samuel J. Kirkwood, governor of the state 
 of Iowa, or the agents acting therefore; 
 
 Believing it to be the duty of good citizens to prepare for war, 
 especially on the era of danger from the savage foe, now ravaging 
 our northern frontier, and desolating the homes of our fellow-citi- 
 zens in the adjoining state of Minnesota, do hereby humbly request 
 you send five hundred stand of arms, with their accouterments, to 
 the county of Howard, and the said county pledges itself for the 
 
 yeturn of the same, excepting such as may be lost in the casual- 
 ities of war." 
 
 However, before this could be acted upon, the danger had passed 
 away and once more the community retired in peace at night, 
 with no fear of the dreaded savage, to disturb their slumbers. 
 
 A resolution was adopted, by the board, at the September ses- 
 gion, 1862, which recites that "owing to the unusual expense of the 
 county in giving bounties to soldiers and their families, [The 
 record of this may be found in the chapter devoted to war 
 record. — Ed,] and the consequent depreciation of the county war- 
 rants; therefore, 
 
 Resolved, That the clerk be, and is hereby directed, to give 
 proper notice, and submit to the people at the next general elec- 
 tion, the question of levying a special tax of six mills on the 
 dollar. As to whether this election was carried out, the records 
 are entirely silent. 
 
 At the January session, 1863, of the board, a resolution was 
 adopted, donating all the swamp lands, belonging to the county, 
 
348 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. ' 
 
 to aid in the construction and equipment of. the McGregor West- 
 ern raih'oad, on condition, that the aforesaid raih'oad should build 
 a road from North McGregor, westward, to intersect the said 
 county, from east to west. The resolution was to be submitted to 
 a vote of the people, for ratification, at the next general election, 
 and the clerk ordered to make the necessary proclamation. 
 
 At the general election held October 19th, 1863, the people rati- 
 tified the above, by a heavy majority. 
 
 At the January session, C. E. Berry resigne I the position of 
 county judge and the board appointed D. Seeley to fill the va- 
 cancy. 
 
 The treasurers report for January, 1863, shows as follows: 
 
 To cash on hand, last report $ 17.89 
 
 To amount collected during year 34351.72 
 
 Total $32369.61 
 
 By warrants redeemed 22934.78 
 
 By cash refunded 24.62 
 
 By delinquent county tax 9225.67 
 
 B}' rebateable county tax 454.39 
 
 By delinquent bridge tax 975.12 
 
 By rebateable bridge tax 19.38 
 
 By delinquent poll tax 443.00 
 
 By rebateable poll tax 292.75 
 
 Total $34369.61 
 
 At the June session, 1865, of the board of supervisors, C. E. 
 Brown, resigned, his position on the board, and James G. Upton 
 was admitted in his place. 
 
 June 6th, 1865, S. W. Seeley, resigning his position, as county 
 judge, the board of supervisors appointed D. 0. Preston, his suc- 
 cessor, P. T. Searles also resigning the office of sheriff, C. S. 
 Thurber was appointed, to fill the vacancy. 
 
 The following resolution, adopted by the honorable board, at the 
 September meeting, 1865, explains itself: 
 
 "Whereas, the building, now occupied by the county officers, of 
 Howard county, has become so dilapitated by age, as to render it 
 unfit for oflfice purposes and an unsafe repository for the records 
 of said county." And as the county is offered the first and 
 second buildings, in his stone block, in the village of Vernon 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 349 
 
 Springs, by L. L. Halstead, for the use of the county as a court 
 
 house with lease and receipt for one years rent, therefore the board 
 
 ordered the records to be removed thither with the county officers 
 
 and ordered also that such building be considered the court 
 
 house. 
 
 October, 1865, a resolution was adopted by the board, submitting 
 
 to the people the question of extending the time in the contract 
 
 with the McGregor Western railroad in which to construct the 
 
 railroad through the county; also in giving the said railroad the 
 
 benefit of all the swamp lands in the said Howard county. 
 
 It seems, from the record, that this session of the board of sup- 
 ervisors, was held at Vernon Springs although the seat of county 
 government was not removed thither. Every effort was made to 
 have the county seat relocat d. Vernon Springs renewing their 
 offer to give the use of the Halstead block for a courthouse with 
 sundry inducements, while New Oregon village in turn made the 
 offer to erect in their place a brick building, and give the use of 
 
 the same free of charge. 
 
 At the June session of the board, the New Oregon Plaindealer 
 
 was made the official organ of the county 
 At the same meeting the following resolution was adopted: 
 
 "Resolved, that a committee of 3 consisting of the chair and 2 
 other members,to be appointed by the chair, to solicit terms for 
 the purchasing of a suitable farm for the support of the poor of 
 Howard county, Iowa. That said conmiittee report prices, 
 location, terms, advantages, etc., of lands by them thought suit- 
 able for said purpose, at the next meeting of this board; said land 
 not to be less in amount than one hundred and sixty acres. 
 
 The committee Avas also given the power, to advertise for sealed 
 bids, for the same purpose. At the September meeting the above 
 appointed committee submitted the following report, which was 
 adopted, and the committee discharged: "That they have received 
 several proposals, of farms for sale, but not any in their judgement 
 answering the purposes of the county. Your committee further 
 report, that in their judgement, they cannot purchase a farm,with 
 the necessary improvements, and therefore, would recommend, if 
 the board see fit, to purchase a piece of unimproved land and 
 make the necessary improvements. 
 
 Stephen Radford, ^ 
 
 C. W. Field, v Committee. 
 
 C. S. Thurber, 3 
 
350 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 The honorable board of supervisors, at the September meeting, 
 1866, fixed the tax levy for the year, as follows: 
 
 State, two and a half mills on the dollar; county, four mills; 
 poll tax, fifty cents; school, one mill: bridge, three mills; insane, 
 one mill; bounty, seven mills; relief, one mill. 
 
 The first mention of the town of Cresco, the present county 
 seat, occurs in the record of the January session of the board of 
 supervisors; a resolution making the Cresco Times the second 
 official paper of Howard county. At the same meeting a petition 
 was read, signed by Augustus Beadle and others, praying that 
 the county papers, records, files, etc., be removed to Cresco, and 
 making sundry proposals to build for the accommodation of the 
 county officers and their books and papers a suitable court house. 
 
 Furthermore, an invitation was extended to the honorable board 
 to view the proposed site for said court house. The members of 
 the board of supervisors, by resolution, decided to accept the 
 invitation, and it was so recorded. The clerk, being facetiously 
 inclined, makes a marginal note to the record of the above, in one 
 word, "Convivial." 
 
 At the same session, after having apparently "seen'-' the site of 
 the proposed court house, the following resolution was adopted: 
 
 "Resolved, By the board of supervisors of Howard county, 
 Iowa, that the proposition of the aforesaid Beadle and others, to 
 build a court house and furnish it free to the county, and also a 
 hall for the use of the board of supervisors and for court purposes, 
 be and is hereby accepted, and the sheriff" is ordered to remove 
 the records, etc., at the time contemplated, on or before June, 1. 
 1867." 
 
 At the meeting held in June, 1867, Thos. Sullivan was admitted 
 as a member of the board of supervisors. At the same time the 
 officers of the county were directed to remove their offices, etc., to 
 the building then being constructed by the Howard county court 
 house association, in the village of Cresco, whenever the com- 
 mittee shall decide to accept it as a safe and suitable place for the 
 same. The board also laid the tax levy for the year 1867, as 
 follows : 
 
 County fund, four mills on Ihe dollar; state fund, two and a half 
 mills; county school fund, one mill; bridge fund, three mills; 
 insane fund, three mills; relief fund, one and a half mill. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 351 
 
 By a report of a committee of the board of supervisors to that 
 body, delivered at the November session, 18G7, we find tlie in- 
 debtedness of the county stood thiis: 
 
 Indebtedness of the county to date $25,580.07 
 
 Deducting the amount of tax due and un- 
 collected 10,125.00 
 
 Leaving a debt of $15,455.07 
 
 The former action of the board in regard to the poor farm hav- 
 ing been suffered to collapse, they again move in the matter at the 
 January session, 1868, when the following resolution was spread 
 upon the records: 
 
 "Whereas, it is deemed advisable by this board that some pro- 
 vision be made for the poor of the county, whereby they may be 
 subsisted at a less cost to the county than by the present method. 
 Therefore, 
 
 "Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to look for a 
 feasible site for a ])oor house farm, improved or unimproved; 
 ascertain the cost of the sam.e, estimate the cost of the necessary 
 buildings and improvements, and report to this board at the June 
 session with a view to submit the proposition to a vote of the 
 electors of this county, at the next general election, according to 
 the provisions of the code of the state of Iowa." 
 
 Messrs. Thurber, Griffin, and Patterson were appointed as the 
 committee, in accordance with the above, to carry out the wishes 
 of the board. 
 
 A petition from the board of supervisors, bearing the date of 
 February 3, 1868, was forwarded to the legislature of the state of 
 Iowa, requesting them not to pass the bill then before them, to 
 legalize the action of a previous board, in conveying to the 
 McGregor, Western railroad all the swamp lands of the county, on 
 the plea that the said railroad had entirely failed to carry out the 
 provisions and conditions of the original contract, entered into by 
 them, with the people of Howard county. 
 
 The county has suffered, in times past, many misfortunes in the 
 loss of money in the treasurer's oflice. The first of the series 
 being upon the night of the 15th of March, 1868, when some 
 party or parties unknown burglariously entered the treasurer's 
 office, and breaking open the safe therein, abstracted moneys and 
 
352 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 securities to the amount of thirteen thousand dollars. The board 
 immediately offered a reward of two thousand dollars for the 
 recovery of the money and conviction of the thief or thieves, or 
 one thousand dollars for either. Suspicion was rife, and able 
 detectives, with Allan Pinkerton at their head, hunted for a clue, 
 but the bloodhounds of law were at fault, and in spite of their 
 manifold and strenuous efforts the abstractors were never appre- 
 hended, whatsoever evidence was collected being of to slight a 
 nature to warrant any such a course, and in the end the matter 
 was dropped and the county had to suffer the loss. 
 
 The treasurer was ordered to procure a new safe, suitable for 
 his office, made more securely burglar proof than the late one,and 
 with this the matter rested, except the suspicion that remains in 
 the minds of many to this day, that they could point out the 
 thief; but beyond the suspicion nothing can be said, and it may 
 be that many an entirely innocent man is regarded by his neigh- 
 bor as knowing more about it than he should. 
 
 The lack of timber being a want long felt throughout the 
 county, a resolution was adopted by the board of supervisors of 
 the county, at their April session, to effect that the real and per- 
 sonal property of each and every person in the county should be 
 exempt from all taxation, except that for state purposes, who 
 should plant and cultivate for two years one or more acres of 
 forest trees for timber, the said exemption being to the amount of 
 one hundred dollars per acre, provided that the trees should not 
 be over three feet apart. This was amended at the June session 
 so as to include an exemption from taxes at the rate of one 
 hundred dollars per acre, all who planted and cultivated a half 
 mile of tree hedge. 
 
 The committee appointed at a previous session of the board in 
 the matter of the poor farm reported at this, the June session, 
 1868, that they had viewed the place of Albert Miller, at Saratoga, 
 of which the price was three thousand dollars, and contained one 
 hundred and sixty acres, twenty-five of which was timber, forty- 
 five or fifty under cultivation, the improvements on the same con- 
 sisting of a good house and a poor stable, they found the place 
 well watered and the means of access good, being on the main 
 road from Cresco to Osage. Also, that they had viewed the place 
 of Kenling and Robinson, two miles south of Saratoga, found the 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 353 
 
 land good and easy of access, well watered and the price reason- 
 able, there being three hundred and twenty acres with some im- 
 provements, and the whole could be purchased for fifteen hundred 
 and thirty dollars. The committee considering this very reason- 
 able, indeed, recommended that the question be submitted to the 
 electors of the county at the next general election, as to whether 
 the county should purchase it. They also estimated the full cost 
 of the farm, and the necessary equipment of the same would not 
 exceed the sum of five thousand dollars, and add the recom- 
 mendation that the vote had better be taken on that amount. 
 
 In July, 1869, at a special meeting, the board of supervisors de- 
 cided to withdraw all litigation now going on between the coujity 
 and the McGregor Western railroad, leaving the swamp lands, the 
 source of the trouble, in the hands of the said railroad company, 
 on condition that the said railroad put a station at the town of 
 Chester. 
 
 We find that the indebtedness of the county steadily increased 
 through all these years until in Se])tember, 1869, it had amounted 
 to $26,459.16, that is, including all outstanding warrants and other 
 claims against the treasury of the county. 
 
 The rate of taxation, ordered by the board for the levy of 1869, 
 was as follows: 
 
 State, two mills on the dollar; county, four mills; bridge, three 
 mills; insane-, two mills; county school, one mill. 
 
 The contract was let by the board for the erection of the bridge 
 at Florence, during the year 1869, and the committee reported at 
 the October session, the same 3'ear, that the said bridge was 
 finished and payment ordered; the cost being $2,500, according 
 to the contract. 
 
 In 1870, at the January session, the committee of the board of 
 supervisors, on agriculture, reported that "they have examined 
 the claims of persons, who have asked exemption from taxation, 
 under -the resolution of the board and under an act of the 12th 
 general assembly of the state of Iowa, entitled: 
 
 "An act to encourage the planting and growing of timber, fruit, 
 and shade trees and hedges." 
 
 And the committee recommend that the claims of the following 
 be allowed : 
 
354 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 James Nichols, H. C. Gardner. 
 
 C. F. Webster, D. M. Rand, 
 
 ■ S. A. Stone, J. E. Webster, 
 
 William Nichols, James Dunn, 
 
 C. F. Gardner, Madison Taft, 
 
 W. H. Treat, W. D. Darrow, 
 
 Henry Gardner, Holt Nichols, 
 
 Robert Fox, James Oakle.y, 
 
 I. C. Chamberlain, 
 
 We give the above with the names of the parties in detail, as 
 they are the pioneers in the movement of arboriculture in the 
 count3^ 
 
 According to a report made by a committee to the board, Jan. 
 1870, the indebtedness of the county at that time amounted to the 
 sum of S26,459.11, divided between the general county and bridge 
 funds, and at the same time they find no cash in the treasury to 
 meet the said liabilities. 
 
 The expenses of the county were also found to exceed the 
 revenue, thereof, about three thousand dollars per annum, and as 
 a measure toward liquidation of the debt and provisions for the 
 deficit, the said committee recommended that there be submitted 
 to the people of Howard county a proposition, at the next general 
 election, to levy an additional tax of six mills on the dollar, and 
 further i-ecommended that one-half of the insane fund, (for which 
 there was but little use), be transferred to the general county fund. 
 The report of the above committee was received and the committee 
 was discharged, but the matter was not submitted to the people 
 as a law of the state showed them a better way, in their 
 opinion, to arrange the matter, viz: By bonding the indebtedness 
 • and creating a sinking fund for its redemption. The board at its 
 next session, June, 1870, passed a resolution to accordingly bond 
 the debt of the county to the amount of twenty thousand dollars, 
 the same to bear date of October 1, 1870, payable on or before 
 October 1, 1880; interest to be not more than ten per cent., pay- 
 able semi-annually. The treasurer was, furthermore, instructed to 
 negotiate the said bonds at the lowest rate of interest obtainable. 
 The bonds were to be issued in sums of ^100, and the treasurer 
 was to take up the outstanding warrants of the county, and give 
 -in exchange the bonds. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 355 
 
 All this was in accordance with the act of the thirteenth general 
 assembly of the state of Iowa, approved March 30, 1870. 
 
 The" legislature having made a change in the number of super- 
 visors in each county, reducing them to three, but alloAving the 
 counties the privilege of increasing that to live, the board passed a 
 resolution, at the same session, to submit to the people of the 
 county, at the next general election, the question: "Shall the board 
 of supervisors be increased to five." 
 
 The bridge at Lime Springs, then in the course of construction, 
 seems from some imperfection in the building, to have fallen; the 
 board ordered the attorney of the count}' to bring suit against the 
 contractor and his sureties^ if thought advisable. 
 
 At a meeting held during the regular session of the board, 
 in September, 1870, the following resolution was unanimously 
 adopted : 
 
 "Resolved, thid the resolution of June, 1870, providing for the 
 funding of the county debt, be so amended as to include the whole 
 debt of the county, on May 1, 1870." 
 
 The tax levy, for the year 1870, was laid as follows: 
 State, two mills on the dollar; county, four mills; bridge, three 
 mills; insane, two mills; school, one mill; bond fund, four mills. 
 At the October session of the board the county auditor was in- 
 structed to sell all the remaining unsold lands, known as "school 
 lands," under the provisions of the law. 
 
 January 1, 1871, the new board of county supervisors met, and 
 drawing lots for the length of term to be held by each, D. E. 
 Potter drew for the three years term, C. W. Wood, two years, and 
 Aaron Kimball the one year term. 
 
 The same board laid the usual tax levy for the year 1871, as 
 follows: 
 
 State tax, two mills on the dollar; bridge tax, three mills; 
 general county tax, four mills; insane fund tax, one mill; school 
 tax, one mill; bond tax, three mills. 
 
 The tax rate for the levy of J 873 was : 
 
 For count}^ fund, four mills on the dollar; state fund, two mills; 
 insane fund, two mills; county school fund, one mill. 
 
 We find very little of any moment in the records about this 
 time, the business of the board being chiefly in regard to building 
 
356 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 and repairing bridges, and auditing the usual bills against the 
 county, which, Avere we to make a faithful transcript of, would 
 prove but dry reading. 
 
 At the election held in October, 1873, "Jerry" Barker received 
 656 votes, to \V. W. White's 651, for county auditor; this the 
 latter contested on the ground of fraudulent voting, and having 
 possession of the office would not give up the same to Mr. Barker. 
 The matter was carried into the courts, and was, seemingly, de- 
 cided against Barker, but the board of supervisors, having a full 
 knowledge of the "true inwardness" of the matter, stepped in and 
 appointed said Barker to the office at their January session, 1874; 
 this action was also disputed 'by Mr. White on the plea that he 
 was auditor until his successor was elected and qualified, and that 
 the board had no power, vested in them by law, to remove him. 
 He was met by the counter argument, that as the said board had 
 appointed him to the position of county auditor, which he now 
 filled, to fill the vacancy caused by the -resignation of C. S. 
 Thurber, who was appointed postmaster, the same power could 
 remove him. The dispute lasted some time, the board even going 
 so for as to caution the county treasurer, by resolution, not to do 
 business with Wliite as auditor. In Februpry, however. White 
 capitulated and surrendered the office, which was immediately 
 placed in the hands of Jeremiah Barker. 
 
 An act was passed at the regular session of the board, in April, 
 1875, to build a wrought iron bridge at Florenceville, at a cost of 
 $3,500, and the contract was let and bridge erected in accordance 
 therewith. 
 
 Again at the session of the board, in September, 1876, the matter 
 of the county seat comes to the front, and the said board taking 
 the subject under advisement, issued a notice that at the next 
 general election the question would be submitted to the people of 
 the county as to whether the said seat of the county government 
 should or not be located at Cresco, the same being now situated 
 half way between the villages of New Oregon and Vernon Springs, 
 but for convenience sake, the building at the town of Cresco was 
 occupied as the county seat. These matters are treated more in 
 detail in the chapter devoted to the county seat controversy. 
 
 December 1, 1876, the court house, at Cresco, was destroyed by 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY, 357 
 
 fire. We quote from the Howard County Times the account of 
 
 the conflagration. 
 
 "On Friday morning last, December 1st, the county court house 
 
 and county records were destroyed by fire. The flames were dis- 
 covered at a little after twelve o'clock. Thanksgiving night. The 
 festivals in Lyric hall, and Dr. Price's hall, with the supper in 
 Caward's building (all in the vicinity of the court house), kept a 
 large number of our citizens up later than usual. A number of 
 young men and young ladies, returning from the supper room 
 about midnight, discovered the fire and gave the alarm. One of 
 the number (John G. Stradley), having the key to the treasurer's 
 ofiice, opened the door and entered the room with others. There 
 was then no fire in the treasurer's ofiice. Mr. Stradley opened the 
 little slide door between the offices of the treasurer and auditor, 
 and looking carefully into the latter, discovered that there was no 
 fire therein. A further examination revealed a fire in the floor of 
 the court room above, immediately over the blind door in the 
 partition, between the hallway and the auditor's office, on the hall 
 side, in line with but not over the marshal's lantern, which was 
 
 lighted and hanging in its usual place. 
 
 "The door on the south side of the court room (in the second 
 
 story), was then broken in, but the room was then so full of 
 
 smoke that M. L. Luther, who first entered it, was prostrated to 
 
 the floor, and had to crawl out on his hands and knees. The 
 
 smoke and heat were so inter,se that it was impossible to obtain 
 
 ingress to remove and save the books, records, and contents of the 
 
 court room, which the hungry flames soon devoured. Only a few 
 
 days before the clerk of the courts had his books, records, and 
 
 offica fixtures moved to the room above, for greater convenience 
 
 during the session of the courts, and with the intention of making 
 
 it his permanent office, leaving his old room in the southwest 
 
 corner for the use of the sheriff", juries, etc. Thus it happened 
 
 that nearly all the court records were destroyed by the fire. 
 
 "The recorder and auditor being absent, their offices were broken 
 
 into, and all their valuable records saved, as well as those of the 
 
 treasurer, and all the contents of the safes of the treasurer, auditor, 
 and recorder have been found well preserved, except in some 
 instances slightly discolored and the bindings injured. 
 
 * ;ic * ^ * 
 
 The loss cannot be estimated in dollars and cents. The money, 
 real estate records, and all other valuable books and papers, except 
 
358 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 the court records, as before stated, were saved. The loss of these 
 latter will cause great inconvenience and perhaps litigation, but it 
 is probable that the means may be found to effect a restoration of 
 
 most of them. 
 
 ***** 
 
 "The property was insured for $3,500, as follows: $1,000 in the 
 Etna, on the building, for the benefit of the court house association; 
 $1,000 in the same company on the records, and $1,500 in the 
 Home, of New York, on the furniture, fixtures, etc. 
 
 "The cause of the fire is unknown, some attributing it to 
 accident, and others to inceuLiiarism. Some seem to have almost 
 positive convictions, that it was the work of an incendiary, and 
 give reasons for their opinion, which it would not be advisable to 
 publish. It seems to be the general Opinion, however, that the 
 careless habit of throwing cigar stumps on the floor, is responsible 
 for the fire. A lighted cigar would light a fire that would smoulder 
 for hours in the thick matting, with which a part of the court 
 room was spread. A strip of this matting was immediately over 
 the place where the fire was first discovered." 
 
 In the light of later developments many people, who are 
 cognizant of the affairs of the county, connect the fire with the 
 defalcation and absconding of the county treasurer, and claim 
 that there is an evident connection between the two, that to cover 
 up his tracks he fired the building. This has never been proven, 
 and may be a misconstruction, human nature ever being prone to 
 condemn a man for all the wrongs he might do if he only com- 
 mits one — kick a man when he-is down, so to speak. 
 
 For the facts in regard to the above mentioned embezzlement of 
 the funds by the county treasurer, Frank Kyte, and his move- 
 ments, at the time, we are indebted to the kindness of L. E. Smith, 
 of the Cresco Times, who with rare courtesy, extended to us all 
 help in compiling the records of Howard county, and who placed 
 at our disposal all the papers in regard to the matter in point. 
 
 On Monday, July 12, 1877, the community of Cresco was 
 startled by the receipt of a telegram from McGregor, stating that 
 Frank Kyte, the county treasurer, had been drowned in the 
 Mississippi river, on Sunday afternoon, while bathing at a point 
 near the pictured rocks, some two miles below town. Telegrams 
 were sent to the difllerent members of his family, notifying them 
 
HISTOliY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 359 
 
 • 
 
 of his death, and John G. Stradley, S. A. and Frank Sutton 
 started for McGregor on the first train, meaning to assist in 
 recovering his body. On their arrival they were informed that he 
 went in swimming in company with Frank Tryan, the son of the 
 proprietor of the Mondell house, at Prairie du Chien, where he 
 was stopping. Kyte persisted in the assertion (according to his 
 story), that he could swim to the island, nearly a third of a mile, 
 and return, which feat he accordingly tried. Tryan, whilst dress- 
 ing, heard Kyte's scream and saw him go down. Being under the 
 impulse of fear, he inmiediately started for Prairie du Chien to 
 give the alarm, and on arriving there told his pitiful tale. John 
 Lawler, with his usual promptitude and generosity, at once ordered 
 out the ferry boat to search for the body. Quite a number of row- 
 boats, also, went to the place pointed out, and assisted in the 
 search. 
 
 On Monday, the body not being yet recovered, the cannon be- 
 longing to the artillery battery at McGregor, was taken on board 
 the ferry boat, and served by volunteers, commenced firing, 
 to raise the body to the surface, the merchants of Mc- 
 Gregor, having contributed liberally to the fund to buy powder, 
 etc. All day the bluffs re-echoed to the booming of the artillery, 
 and the whole city was on tif>-toe of excitement, and every meana 
 was taken for the recovery of the corpse. All efforts were in vain. 
 H. W. Babcock; of Cresco, who was on business in McGregor at 
 the time, offered fifty d(jllars for the recovery of the body, and 
 Mr. Stradley, on his arrival, at once offered one hundred dollars. 
 All day the search continued, under the able direction of Amoa 
 Pearsall, of McGregor, and Peter Velie, of Prairie du Chien. 
 Toward evening, however, a rumor, started on the streets, that 
 Kyte had purchased a new suit of clothes on Saturday, in xMc- 
 Gregor. This rumor and others, that were floating around, were 
 diligently followed up, by the gentlemen from Cresco. On Tues- 
 day morning they learned, that, a man, answering the description 
 of the supposed dead man, had been seen, walking on the track 
 near' Clayton, and later at the town of Guttenburg. Immediately 
 Messrs. Pearsall, Stradley, and Sutton proceeded to the latter 
 place, and tracked the man to a point about opposite to the town 
 of Cassville, Wisconsin. They found evidence strong enough to 
 force conviction on their minds, that the man they were following 
 
360 HISTOUY OF HOWARD COUNTY. ^i 
 
 was indeed the absconding treasurer, Kyte, and that he, in the 
 words of the immortal Webster, still lived. He had shaved o^" his 
 moustache and at Clayton and Guttenburg, was n,oticed, from the 
 liberality with which he threw around his money, treating to 
 drinks, etc. It was also found that he had crossed the river, at 
 Turkey river station. The party did not pursue any further, but 
 returned to McGregor, and took legal advice, as what was best to 
 be done under the circumstances. They Jearned, much to their 
 surprise, no doubt, that there existed no authority, in them, to 
 arrest him as there was no charge against him, or evidence that 
 he had committed any crime. Meanwhile P. N. Glathart, one of 
 the Cresco delegation, was watching the movements of young 
 Tryan, to prevent his escape or flight, and upon the return of the 
 pursuing party, and the narration of the facts learned by them, 
 -Tryan was interviewed. He was. told, in ])retty strong language, 
 that it was now ascertained, beyond all question, that Frank Kyte 
 was not drowned — that he (Tryan) had lied about it, and must 
 own up, and more to the same eflfect. The threats and menaces 
 of his interrogators produced the effect, and he admitted the fact, 
 Kyte had skipped out, and that the report of his drowning, was a 
 fabrication. The true story now came out, partly extorted from 
 the young man, and partly from other sources. 
 
 It seems that Kyte had been in ill-health for some time past, 
 and had been at the sanitarium, at Prairie du Chien, taking baths, 
 or as he jocularly termed it "taking a scald." While there, he got 
 on very friendly terms with this young Tryan, getting on the 
 "right side of him," as the slang expression is by liberally treating, 
 and making a companion of him. He told Tryan a pitiful tale, 
 to raise his compassion, telling him, that he had a scrape in Cresco, 
 in which a woman was concerned, and that it would soon become 
 public and that he had better be dead, at least to his friends — for 
 it would be hell on earth to him, to have it come out, and live 
 among it. The two inseperables, after purchasing the suit of 
 clothes, went to the pictured rocks, and they, according to previous 
 agreement, went in swimming. After sporting in the 
 
 water some time Tryan climbed out and while dressing saw 
 Kyte sink and turned his back, so that he might not see him 
 emerge. Kyte now having been drowned put out for more con- 
 genial climes, and Tryan hastened to Prairie du Chien, to carry 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 363 
 
 out his pait of the comedy. Kyte bungled his part of the job 
 sadly, but so it seems "The best laid plans of men and mice oft 
 gang agley." Kyte left a wife and child, a son only two months 
 old, to "suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune," and 
 bear the brand of the felon shame of his erring father. No man 
 had a larger circle of acquaintance and friends than he, and he 
 was trusted and beloved by all. 
 
 The following resolution, of the board of supervisors in special 
 session assembled, July, 1877 explains itself: 
 
 "Whereas, Frank Kyte, late treasurer of Howard county, has 
 absconded, and has^not been seen at the treasurer's oflice in the 
 said county for the past twelve days, and is nowhere to be found, 
 and his present whereabouts is to us unknown, and that it is be- 
 lieved that he has ceased to be a resident of said county, there- 
 fore; 
 
 Resolved, By the board of supervisors of Howard county, that 
 the facts recited above have caused a vacancy in the office of 
 county treasurer, and the office of county treasurer is now vacant, 
 and we hereby so declare. 
 
 "Resolved, Further that James F. Borthwick be and is hereby 
 appointed county treasurer, of Howard county to fill the vacancy 
 now existing in said office. 
 
 "Resolved, That the incoming treasurer be required to give 
 bonds in the" sum of forty thousand dollars, and this appointment 
 shall take effect upon the approval of the same, by this board." 
 
 Upon the receipt of the intelligence the board ordered the safe 
 to be opened, but the an-ival of J. W. Norris , the vice-president 
 of the safe company with Cyrus Wellington, the matter for a while 
 came to a halt. It would seem a's if the safe belonged to the 
 Diebold safe company. It was locked with a Sargent time lock, 
 but. the latter had been tampered with, and would not open. 
 After Mr. Norris arrived, he served a notice upon the board of 
 supervisors of the couny, that they must not open the safe, until 
 they had purchased the same, and the price was affixed as being 
 $1500. The board however would not be "bull dt)zed," and after 
 much discussion a contract was entered into by and between the 
 said b.oard and Norris, the latter to open the safe, lor the sum of 
 two hundred dollars, if it could be done without breaking it, and 
 four hundred dollars if it had to be forced, if the latter, he was to 
 
364 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 rej)air and put in as good sliape as before. He tried for a long 
 time to open it, using all his skill, but in vain, he then returned 
 to Chicago, and brought with him after the absence of several 
 days, a skilled workman with tools, who proceeded to force the 
 safe. On Jul}^ 20th the door yielding to the effort stood wide 
 open and the eyes of the board on investigation, beheld an empty, 
 or nearly so, money drawer. A rigid examination of the books of 
 the treasurer revealed the extent of the defalcation to be S18500.66. 
 The board immaiiately took measures to attach the property 
 of Kyte, both real and personal. This amounted to the sum of 
 about $6000. leaving the bondsmen to pay the difference of 
 $12000, and the attorney of the county was directed to bring suit 
 against them to recover that amount. On a search being institu- 
 ted for the bond it was found to be missing and the parties, whose 
 names wore supposed to have been affixed thereon, set up a claim, 
 that they had signed no such bond. So the matter rested for a short 
 time, but the search for the missing document was diligently 
 prosecuted and at last was crowned with success. The paper was 
 found and was immediately placed in the hands of the legal lights, 
 who rei)resented the county, for them to commence suit. Dire 
 was the dismay of the disgusted bondsigners for it meant financial 
 ruin to many of them. The board, at an adjourned meeting June 
 24th, 1878 (the matter having run along until then,) were pre- 
 sented with a petition, signed by 1445 voters of the county, re- 
 questing the honorable board of supervisors of Howard county, "to 
 comiDromise the matter between the county and the bondsmen of 
 Kyte and to withdraw the suits now pending between the county 
 and them, and settle the matter between the parties on such terms 
 as may be just to the county without involving the financial ruin 
 off-aid bondsmen." As two-thirds of the said petitioners seemed 
 to think that $5000 was the proper sum at which to adjust and 
 settle the same, the board resolved, that they would accept the 
 sum of $500 in cash to defray expenses the county had been put 
 to, and $5000 in equal installments, payable in one, two and three 
 years after date, the bondsmen to give their notes for the same, 
 
 for the benefit of the defalcation fund of the county. This seemed 
 
 to the board, as more nearly to approximate to the wishes of the 
 
 most of the petitioners, and 
 
 "Whereas the following named bondsmen of Frank Kyte, J. F. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 365 
 
 Donahngh, Sardis Sutton, W. E. Roche, C. Genshaw, T. J. De 
 Lange, P. Meighan, John Miltz, P. Peterson, Patrick Brady, 
 Thomas Sullivan and William Burke, have signified their assent 
 to settle on the basis above; 
 
 Resolved, That the board of supervisors of Howard county, 
 accept and settle as above, taking security for the faithful perfor- 
 mance thereof," and ordering that all suits against the gentlemen 
 be withdrawn, except as against A. D. Wright, against whom 
 judgment had already been obtained. The matter was settled 
 upon this basis and here the affair closed, and although the county 
 was the loser still it was better to compromise than by a strict 
 construction of the law to plunge into despair so many innocent 
 families. Further whereabouts of the absconding treasurer is totally 
 unknown, and let us draw around his act the same charitable 
 mantle of oblivion; we know not the temptation that beset him 
 — that led to the fatal action that blasted a life full of promise — 
 that broke up a happy home. Let us not apologize for the crime, 
 but pity and regard with charity, the criminal. 
 
 The court house association having rebuilt the building, used 
 for county purposes, in what is known as coiirt-house square, in 
 the year 1880. Again tendered, to the board of supervisors, the 
 use of the same for the use of Howard county officials and as a 
 court room, free of any charge for as long a term as the said county 
 would continue to use it for such purpose. This new building was 
 -erected in 1879, but was not finished until the early part of 1880. 
 The board accepting the offer moved the records, books, etc. of 
 the county, together with the furniture and fixtures of the various 
 officers of the county from the house of A. D. Wright, which they 
 had occupied as a temporary expedient, to the new court house, 
 where they now remain. 
 
 "By resolution of the board, bids were asked for attendence on 
 the sick poor of the county, and on receipt of the same. 1880, 
 the contract was awarded to Dr. O. N. Hoyt for the yearly stipend 
 ■of S125. 
 
 By a report of the county treasurer, made January 1st, 1881, 
 we find the funds of the county in the following condition. 
 
 General county fund on hand $ 351 39 
 
 State " " " 1137 47 
 
 War-defense bond" " « 51 85 
 
366 
 
 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 County school " " " 1050 17 
 
 Bridge " " " 179 19 
 
 Insane " " " 1024 62 
 
 Bond " " " 2076 96 
 
 Permanent school " " " 1402 93 
 
 Temporary " " " " 1857 99 
 
 Apportionment " " " 192 09 
 
 Total '..... $9324 66 
 
 At the June session of the board of supervisors, in and for 
 Howard county, instructed the auditor to advertise for Ijids for 
 the erection and equipment of a county jail, and also for a place 
 of residence, for the sheriff of the county, to be attached thereto- 
 and appropriated some $4500 for the same. The auditor obeyed 
 the order, but on opening the bids, the board decided, that none 
 of them were satisfactory. They therefore undertook to build the 
 said jail and residence themselves. A. G. Hubbard being ap- 
 pointed commissioner to superintend the work thereon and carry 
 out the instructions of the board in relation to them. For a 
 description of tlijse building refer to chapter six devoted 
 county buildings. 
 
 
HISTOEY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 367 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Returns of Every Election Held in the County From Its 
 Organization to the Present Time; Vote Cast for Each 
 Candidate; Names, Etc. 
 
 The election returns for some of the earlier years are entirely- 
 wanting, and for many others are very imperfect but we give below 
 all that seemed to be authentic. The first election, after the or- 
 ganization of the county ,was in 
 
 1855, 
 and was held on the first Monday of August, James G. 'Upton 
 being elected county judge; Edmund Gillett, clerk; William Wood- 
 ward, recorder and treasurer; John Harlow, Sheriif; M. V. Burdick 
 prosecuting attorney. 
 
 1856. 
 James G. Upton, was elected county judge; E. Gillett, clerk of 
 courts, F. N. Jewett, treasurer and recorder; John Harlow, Sheriff; 
 John F. Mitchell, coroner; John C. Miles, county surveyor. 
 
 1857. 
 Edward Gillett,seems to have been acting as county judge,during 
 the spring of this year, and James G. Upton the balance, Avith 
 Gillett as clerk; John Harlow, as sheriff, and William Woodward, 
 recorder; no records exist of any election, but these are taken from 
 some legal papers of this date, which bear the signatures as above. 
 
368 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 1858. 
 
 C. E. Brown,seems to have been county superintendent of schools 
 previous to this year, but no record exist, to show that such is a 
 fact, except some records of payment to him, as salary in that 
 capacity. At the election held this year. James G. Upton, was 
 elected county judge; H. A, Cook, treasurer and recorder; H. Greer 
 surveyor; C. E. Brown, county superintendent of schools; James 
 H. B. Harris, clerk of the courts, (this seems to be an error, but is 
 Bo recorded). 
 
 1859. 
 
 James G. Upton, county judge; Edmund Gillett, clerk of the 
 
 courts; H. A. Cook, treasurer and recorder; James Carpenter, 
 
 sheriff. 
 
 1860 
 
 Darius Seeley, elected county judge; James H. B. Harris, clerk 
 of the courts; A. M. Cowan, treasurer and recorder; C. E. Brown^ 
 superintendent of schools; P. T' Searles, sheriff; Laban Hassett, 
 county surveyor. 
 
 Board of supervisors to serve for year 1861, J. W. Barrel, G. W. 
 Ostrander, T. R. Perry, T. Griffm, S. W. Seeley, J. H. Boggess, S. 
 Radford, M. Niles, C. M. Munson, W. Strother, C. A. Salmon and 
 S. L. Cary. 
 
 1861. 
 
 At the election, held in the early spring, this year, *the first record 
 is made, of the amount of votes polled, which is 410. 
 
 D. W. Owen, was elected county judge; E. W. Allen, clerk of the 
 courts; on the question of donating the swamp lands to the 
 northern Iowa railroad 384 votes were cast in lavor of it, and 24 
 against. Thos. Griffin, E. V. White, H. D. Noble, J. H. Boggess, 
 W. D. Darrow, J.T. Mitchell, J. E. Bennett, were elected members 
 of the board of supervisors; Adam Fussell, county superintendent 
 and P. T. Searles, sheriff. 
 
 This year the time of holding the election was changed, and an 
 election ordered in accordance with the new order of things; this 
 was held 
 
 Octobers, 1861. 
 Total number of votes cast, 567, Samuel J.Kirkwood receiving 285, 
 and William H. Merritt 251, and scattering 31 for governor; 
 Ralph P. Lowe 253, Ralph Lowe 67 and James M. Elwood 256, fo^ 
 
HISTOEY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 369 
 
 judge of supreme court; J. R. Needham 312 and Lawson Dewey 
 255, for lieutenant governor; D. G. Frisbee 283, S. L. Gary 247 
 and T. W. Sanders 9, for representative to the legislature. 
 
 C. E. Berry 296, Edmund Gillett 260, and 2 scattering, for 
 county judge. * 
 
 Austin M. Cowan 312, and A. M. Van Leuvan 241, for treasurer 
 and recorder. 
 
 P. T. Searles, receiving all the votes, 566, for sheriff. 
 
 Laban Hassett, 327, and Joseph Knowlton, 233, for county sur- 
 vey or. 
 
 Adam Fussell 233, J. W. Reed 214, and C. E. Brown 114, for 
 county superintendent. 
 
 J. W. Baird 302 and T. W. Sanders 265, for coroner. 
 
 C. F. Webster 323, Michael O'Donnell 195 for clerk of courts. 
 
 H. D. Noble, J. F. Webster, Gardner Howe, G. W. Ostrander, 
 C. W. Fields and A. G. Hubbard, were also elected members of the 
 board of supervisors. 
 
 October 13, 1863. 
 
 The total vote of the county this year was 647 ,of which William 
 M. Stone received 403 and James M. Tuttle 244 for Governor; 
 Enoch W. Eastman 408 and James F. Duncomb 241 for Lieut. 
 Governor. 
 
 James F. Dillon, 408 to Chas. Mason 242, for Judge of the Su- 
 preme Court. 
 
 Thos. R. Perry 397 and T. M. Atherton 245 for Representative 
 from 52d district. 
 
 J. G. Patterson 408 and N. M. Wilder 241 for state senator. 
 
 C. E. Berry 397 and H. A. Goodrich 250 for county judge. 
 
 A. W. Cowan 416 and Chas Brownell 220 for treasurer and 
 recorder. 
 
 P. T. Searles 416 and P. G. Nichols 227, for sheriff; Laban 
 Hassett 409 and Joseph Knowlton 236, for county surveyor. 
 
 J. J. Clemmer 406 and S. Herrick 240 for coroner. 
 
 Darius Seeley 407 and W. S. Pettibone 239, for drainage com- 
 missioner. 
 
 For donating the swamp lands to McGregor Western railroad 
 604, against, 18. 
 
 The members of the board of supervisors elected were W. D. 
 
370 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 Darrow, A. M. Van Lsuvan, Darius Seeley, H. A. Goodrich, Thos. 
 Griffin and L. A. Russell. 
 
 October 8, 1864. 
 
 The whole vote cast numbered 639. The Iowa republican pres- 
 idential electors receiving 419 and the democratic 220 votes. 
 
 J. C. Cole 421, his opponent 221, for the office of judge of the 
 supreme court. 
 
 James Wright 421, and John H. Wallace 220, for secretary of 
 state. 
 
 John A. Elliott 421, and E. 0. Hendershott 220, for state auditor; 
 
 Wni. H. Holmes 421, and I. B. Lash 220, for state treasurer. 
 
 E. A. Allen 421, and Chas. W. Dunbar, 220 for attorney genera"". 
 
 Josiah A. Harvey received 421, B. D. Holbrook 220, for register 
 of state land office. 
 
 For congressman, William B. Allison polled 421, to B. B. Rich- 
 ards' 221. 
 
 Aaron Kimball had 458, and J. AVhite 261, for clerk of the courts. 
 
 S. W. Seeley 456, and G. W. Fall 265, for county recorder. 
 
 Smith W. Seeley 454, and G. W. Fall 262, for county judge. 
 
 W. D. Darrow, A. M. VanLeuvan, Darius Seeley, H. A. Good- 
 rich, Thomas Griffin and L. A. Russell were also elected members 
 of the board of county supervisors. 
 
 October 10, 1865. 
 
 At the election held this date there were 635 votes polled for 
 governor, of which William M. Stone received 353, and Thomas H. 
 Benton 282. 
 
 For lieutenant governor, B. F. Gue 362, and W. W. Hamilton 
 received 276. 
 
 Forjudge of the supreme court, Geo. G. Wright 363, and H. H. 
 Trimble 276. 
 
 ■ For superintendent of public instruction, 0. Faville had 365 to 
 J. W. Sennett 270. 
 
 For representative, 54th district, D. W. Poindexter had 343 and 
 C. E. Berry 245. 
 
 For county judge, D. 0. Preston had 330 votes, A. D. Combs 
 294, scattering 3. 
 
 For treasurer, J. F. Webster 328, B. D. Everingham 305. 
 
 The other officers elected being, J. F. Powell, sheriff; J. J. Clem- 
 mer, coroner; P. N. Glathart, surveyor, and T. W. Lee, county 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 371 
 
 superintendent of schools. For members of the board of super- 
 visors, C. E. Ashley, C. T. Thurber, J. H. St. John, H. A. Good- 
 rich, E. I. Isabell and L. A. Russell. 
 
 Special election, October, 1865. 
 
 • On the question of extending the time in the contract with the 
 McGregor Western railroad, total vote cast 232; "for extension," 
 212; "against extension," 20. 
 
 On the question of giving said railroad the entire benefit of the 
 ewamp lands of Howard county; "for," 149; "against," 70; blank, 
 13. Albion and Howard townships held no election. 
 
 October 9, 1866. 
 
 At this election there were 656 votes polled, of which S. G. Van 
 Anda received 221, and E. D. Wright, 435 for secretary of state; 
 John A. Iillliott, 435, and Robert W. Cross, 231 for state auditor; 
 S. E. Rankin, 435, and George A. Stone, 221 for state treasurer; F. 
 E. Bissell, 435, and W. Ballingall, 221 for state attorney; C. C. Car- 
 penter, 435, and L. P. Mc Kinney, 222 for register of state land 
 office; C. Linderman, 435, and Fred. Gottschalk, 222 for clerk of 
 the supreme court. 
 
 For representative to congress William B. Allison received 439 
 votes, and Reuben Noble, 229; for district judge, Milo McGlathery 
 received 654, there being no opposition, and for district attorney 
 the vote stood L. 0. Hatch, 341, John T. Clark, 305, W. R. Mead, 
 1, D. O. Preston, 1; for clerk of courts, Aaron Kimball received 
 507, T. W. Lee, 141, and William -H. Patterson, 2; for county 
 recorder, William H. Patterson had 507, C. W. Sawyer, 133, and 
 Aaron Kimball, 2. 
 
 Members of the board of supervisors elected at the same time 
 were: A. N. Harris, Truman Robinson, S. A. Stone, P. T. Searles, 
 I. C. Chamberlain, Thos. Griffin, and Wm. Burleigh. 
 
 October 8, 1867. 
 Total number of votes polled, 953. Samuel Merrill receiving 
 613, and Chns. Mason, 339 for governor; John Scott, 616, and D. 
 M. Harris, 279 for lieutenant governor; J. M. Beck, 516, and John 
 H. Craig, 337 for judge of the supreme court; Henry O'Conner, 
 616, and W. F. Barker, 337 for attorney general; D. F. Wells, 616, 
 and Maturin L. Fisher, 337 for superintendent of public instruc- 
 tion, for the full term, and for the same to fill vacancy, D. F. 
 Wells received 255 votes, and M. L. Fisher, 92. 
 
872 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 For state senator, 46th district, J. G. Patterson received 57& 
 votes, his opponent, A. G. Case, tallying but 332. For representa- 
 tive, 56th district, J. H. Brown received 581, and G. W. Barker, 
 329 votes; for county treasurer M. M. Moon had 536, J. F. Webster, 
 422, and "scattering," 1. 
 
 For county judge, D. O. Preston received 552, C. F. Brecken- 
 ridge, 382 votes, with a scattering of 2; J. F. Powell, 621, and 
 G. W. Ostrander, 330 for sheriff; T. W. Lee, 598, and H. W. 
 Partch, 346 for superintendent of county schools; P. N. Glathart 
 being elected surveyor with a vote of 557, while his opponent, 
 Laban Hassett, received but 399; J. J. Clemmer was re-elected 
 coroner by a vote of 480 to H. C. Price's 472. 
 
 November, 1868. 
 
 The Iowa presidential electors for U. S. Grant received 674 votes,. 
 and those for Horatio Seymour, 380, the total vote being 1054. 
 For secretary of state, Ed. Wright had 673, and David Hammer, 
 381; John A. Elliott received 673, and Harvey Dunlevy, 381 lor 
 the office of state auditor; Samuel E. Rankin, 673, and Lawrence 
 McCarty, 381 for state treasurer; C. C. Carpenter, 673, and A, 
 Davidson, 381. for register of the state land office. 
 
 For representative in congress, from the 3d district, W. B. 
 Allison received 667 votes, William Mills, 381, and L. A. 
 Thomas, 1. 
 
 For judge of the circuit court, M. V Burdick had 673, and E. 
 M. Farns worth, 380 votes; Wm. H. Patterson received 774, and 
 Gustave Dorr 359 votes for county recorder; S. A. Stone, 623, A. 
 M. Gregory, 411, and W. H. Patterson, 1, for clerk of the courts. 
 
 On the stock act, 555 "for," and 180 "against." 
 
 On the question in regard to levying a tax to purchase a "poor 
 farm," the vote stood: 92 "for the tax," and 709 "against the tax." 
 
 On the amendments to the state constitution, 618 were in favor, 
 and 41 2 against the proposed measure. 
 
 October 12, 1869. 
 
 The total number of votes polled at this election was 840. 
 
 Samuel Merrill received 534, and George Gillaspy, 304 for 
 Governor; Madison M. Walden, 530, and V. P. Richardson, 310 
 for lieutenant Governor, 
 
 John F. Dillon, 530, and W. F. Brennon, 307, for judge of the 
 supreme court. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 373 
 
 A. S. Kissell received the full vote of 532 for the office of super- 
 intendent of public instruction, there being no opposition. 
 
 C. T. Granger received 454 votes, and W. R. Mead, 295, for 
 district attorney. 
 
 A. S. Faville received 409 votes and T. M. Atherton, 120, for 
 member of legislature. 
 
 C. S. Thurber defeated his opponent, D. B. Everingham, for the 
 office of county auditor, by a vote of 529 to 310 
 
 M. M. Moon received 568 votes, and James Hall, 259 votes, for 
 county treasurer. 
 For sheriff the vote stood: J. F. Hall, 479, and J. DeNoyelles, 354. 
 
 Patrick Griffin having 301, C. F. Breckenridge, 527, and T. W. 
 Lee, 1 vote for superintendent of county schools. 
 
 J. J. Clemmer, 521, W. F. Daniels, 307, and "scattering," 1, for 
 coroner. 
 
 The members of the board of supervisors elected were: John 
 Shaw, Thomas Sullivan, James Oakley, N. Lydon, H. W. Partch, 
 P. T. Searles, and Joseph Burgess. 
 
 October, 1870. 
 
 There were 749 votes polled, in all, in this election, C. C. Cole 
 received 498, J. C. Knapp, 235, forjudge of supreme court; W. E. 
 Miller, 511, P. H. Smythe, 234, for judge of supreme court to fill 
 the vacancy caused by the declension of John F. Dillon; J. G. 
 Day, 509, Reuben Noble, 240, for judge of supreme court, to fill 
 the vacancy caused by the resignation of George G. Wright. 
 
 For auditor of state, John Russell received 511, and W. M. 
 Garner, 234 votes. 
 
 'For secretary of state, Ed. Wright had 514, and Charles Doerr, 
 231 votes. 
 
 For state treasurer, S. E. Rankin polled 511 votes, and William 
 C. James, 234. 
 
 Henry O 'Conner received 510, and H. M. Martin, 234 votes for 
 attorney general. 
 
 On member of congress the vote stood W. G. Donnan, 509, John 
 T. Stoneman, 238. 
 
 For judge of the district court, Milo McGlathery polled all the 
 votes, 513. 
 
 C. T. Granger had the same luck and polled 513 votes for 
 district attorney. 
 
374 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 For clerk of the com'ts, S. A. Stone received 535 votes, while 
 David Geer only polled 219. 
 
 W. H. Patterson received 557 votes, and P. G. Nichols, 184 for 
 county recorder. 
 
 For county supervisors, Aaron Kimball with 515, Chas. H. 
 Wood, 447, and D. E. Potter, 558, were declared elected, defeating 
 ■ D. B. Everingham, who had 302, R. S. S. Andros, 227, and August 
 Fallgater, 190. 
 
 On the proposition, "Hhall there be a convention to revise the 
 constitution of the state, and amend the same," "yes," 100; "No," 
 427. 
 
 On the proposition, "Shall the number of the supervisors be in- 
 , creased to five," "Yes," 235; "No," 379. 
 
 On tlie stock act of the 12th general assembly there were 127 
 votes cast, of which 114 were "against," and 13 "for." 
 
 October, 1871. 
 
 Total vote polled, 1,030; C. C. Carpenter receiving 659, and J. C. 
 Xnnpp, 371, for governor. 
 
 H. C. Bulis, 658, and M. M. Ham, 372, for the office of lieut. 
 ■goveri)()r. , 
 
 For judge of supreme court, James G. Day, 659, and John F. 
 Dunconil), 369 votes. 
 
 For superintendent of public instruction, Alonzo Abernathy 
 received 659, and Edward Mumm, 370 votes. 
 
 For state senator, John E. Burke received 636, and L. H. Weller 
 377 vot<'S. 
 
 For representative in the legislature, W. W. Blackman, 654, and 
 C^a'us I'\)reman 374 votes. 
 
 M. ]M. Moon was elected by a nearly unanimous vote to the 
 office of county recorder. 
 
 C. S. Thurljer received 656, and Joseph Knowlton 366 votes for 
 county auditor. 
 
 J. T. I'owell was elected sheriff, he having 588 votes to his 
 opponent's J. DoNoyelles, 445, with a scattering of 4. 
 
 C. F. Breckenridge received 582, James Greenleaf, 370, P. N. 
 '■ ■Glatlinrt, 1, and C. Breckenridge 18 votes for the olfice^f county 
 su])erintondent. , 
 
 J. J. Clemmer wns re-elected over all competitors, having 677 
 votes out of 70S, for coroner. 
 
HLSTOIIY OF HOWAKD UjUNTY. 375 
 
 P. N. Glathart was elected Ijy O.jO votes to the ollice of county 
 surveyor, there being no opposition. 
 
 For member of board of supervisors, A. B. Smedley received 
 692, Joseph Lee, 181, John Wolf, 18, and "scattering" 2 votes. 
 
 November, 1872. 
 
 Out of a totqj vote of 1,046 the Iowa republican presidential 
 electors received 772 votes, and the vote for the democratic electors 
 avejages 180. 
 
 For secretary of state the vote stood: Josiah F. Young, 708, E. 
 A. Gilbert, 161, and Charles liaricer, 42. 
 
 John Uussell received 688 to J. P. Cassedy's 248 votes, for state 
 auditor. 
 
 For state treasurer William Christy received 768, W. J. Ituss, 
 148, and I). I',. Bens, 42 votes. 
 
 For congress, H. 0. Pratt polled 689, and A. T. Lusch 225 votes. 
 
 For judge of circuit court C. T. Granger received 721 votes, 
 there being no opposition. 
 
 For clerk of the courts S. A. Stone polled 813 votes, tliere being 
 no opposition. 
 
 For member of the board of supervisors, P. T. Searles had 773, 
 and II. C. Marsh, 237 votes. 
 
 For county recorder the vote was: Wm. M. Patterson, 834, and 
 H, Price, 37. 
 
 October, 1873. 
 
 The number of votes polled at this election was 1,265. 
 
 ITor governor, C. C. Carpenter received 1,232, J. G. Vail, 30, and 
 scattering, 3 votes. 
 
 For lieut. governor Joseph Dysart received l,li36, C. K. Whitney, 
 27, and Fred. O'Donnell, 2 votes. 
 
 Forjudge of supreme court J. M. Beck received 1,232, and B.J. 
 Hall, 28- votes. 
 
 For superintendent of public instructions, A. Abernathy, 1,237, 
 and D. W. Prindle, 28. 
 
 For state senator, Hiram Bailey, received 938 votes, and A. J. 
 Felt, 335. 
 
 H. A. Goodrich received 766, J. F. Borthwick, 548, and "Gosh," 
 1, for legislature. 
 
 O. J. Clark received 1225 lor prosecuting attorney. 
 
376 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 The vote on county auditor was very close, "Jerry" Barkei 
 receiving 656, W. W. White, 651, with one vote for Frank Kyte. 
 
 For county treasurer M. M. Moon had 620, Frank Kyte, 674> 
 with a scattering of two votes. 
 
 C. B. Ashley polled 589, and D. Ackerson 694 votes for the 
 office of sheriff. , 
 
 For superintendent of county schools, 0. N. Hoyt received 641, 
 and A. Craig, 622 votes. 
 
 Emmett Barber received 641, and Laban Hassett, 673 votes for 
 county surveyor. 
 
 H. C. Price received 696, and J. W. Reed, 602 votes for coroner. 
 
 The vote on supe^'visor to fill vacancy stood: S. Radford, 558, 
 and S. S. Lambert, 759, and for the long term, W. W. Woodward, 
 612, and Thomas Griffin, 701. 
 
 October, 13, 1874. 
 
 An election was held this day, at which 1,129 votes were polled. 
 
 Josiah F. Young receiving 778, David Morgan 350, and H. C. 
 Hargis, 1, for secretary of state. 
 
 Buren R. Sherman received 1,045, and J. M. King, 81, for state 
 auditor. 
 
 William Christy, 778, J. W. Barnes, 282, and H. C. Hargis, 67 
 for state treasurer. 
 
 David Secor, 730, R. H. Rondame, 272, and J. D. Hayes, 1, for 
 register of the state land office. 
 
 M. E. Cutts, 730, and J. H. Keatley, 351, for attorney general. 
 
 For congress, H. O. Pratt received 369 votes, John Bowman, 
 749, and P. Nolan, 1. 
 
 Milo McGlathery with 337, and Reuben Noble with 749 were 
 the contestants for the office of judge of the district court. 
 
 0. J. Clark polled 400, and G. L. Faust,. 720 votes, for district 
 attorney. 
 
 C. F. Webster was elected clerk of the courts, having 516 votes, 
 while his opponents, W. S. Gardner, and J. F. Powell, had, 
 respectively, 475 and 130. 
 
 The vote for recorder stood: W. H. Patterson, 706, P. Velie, Jr., 
 402, and Miss Lillie Bucknum, 17. 
 
 For member of the board of supervisors, James Oakley defeated 
 his competitor, having 602 votes, and H. C. Cunningham, 402. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 377 
 
 October, 12, 1875. 
 
 On the question, "Shall stock be restrained from running 
 at large," the vote stood, 361 "for," and 585 "against," in a total 
 vote of 946. 
 
 On the question, "Shall stock be restrained from running at 
 large from sunset to sunrise," 832 votes are registered as "for" the 
 restraint, and 114 "against." 
 
 For governor, Samuel J. Kirkwood received 882, and S. Leffler, 
 477 votes. 
 
 For lieut. governor, Joshua G. Newbold received 880, and E. B. 
 Woodward, 480 votes. 
 
 Austin Adams received 878, and W. J. Knight, 481 votes, for 
 judge of supreme court. 
 
 Alonzo Abernethy received 879, and Isaiah Doane, 23, for 
 superintendent of public instruction. 
 
 For representative, 64th district, Henry T. Reed polled 884, and 
 and Henry A. Goodrich, 472 votes. 
 
 Jerry Barker was re-elected county auditor, having 920 votes, 
 his competitor, G. W. Merry, having only 434, with a single 
 scattering vote. 
 
 Frank Kyte was almost unanimously alected to fill the treas- 
 urer's office, the vote standing, Kyte, 1,330, D. E. Potter, 3, P. T. 
 Searles, 5,''and Peter Nolan, 1. 
 
 For sheriff, Samuel L. Thomson polled 675, David H. Acker- 
 son, 558, and Hugh Price, 127 votes. 
 
 Osmand N. Hoyt had 738, T. W. Lee, 606, and A. H. Tuttle, 1 
 vote for superintendent of schools. ' 
 
 Laban Hassett's friends rallied to the tune of 785, while 
 Michael Montague's only numbered 565, with a scattering of 6 
 votes, electing Mr. Hassett once more to the office of county 
 surveyor. 
 
 For coroner, James McCollum had 835, and H. C. Price, 528 
 votes. 
 
 Alonzo G. Hubbard was elected member of the board of super- 
 visors with 727 votes in his favor, his opponent, S. S. Lambert 
 having only 632. 
 
 November 7, 1876. 
 
 The total vote was 1,815, of which the Hayes and Wheeler 
 
378 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. * 
 
 electors received 1,194 votes, the Tilden and Hendricks electors 
 600, while the Cooper (greenback), electors only had 21. 
 
 For judge of the supreme court, for full term, W. H. Seevers 
 received 1,201, W. M. Graham, 599, and W. I. Hayes, 20 votes; 
 for the same to fill the vacancy created by chapter 7, acts of the 
 16th general assembly, James H. Rothrock had 1,168, Walter I. 
 Hayes, 599, and Wm. Graham, 9; and for the same office to fill 
 the vacancy caused by the resignation of C. C. Cole, Wm. H. 
 Seevers polled 1,171, and Walker I. Hayes 629 votes. 
 
 Josiah T. Young had 1201, James H. Stenbenraugh 614, and A. 
 McCready 15 votes, for secretary of state. 
 
 Buren R. Sherman 1201, William Gronewig 622, and Leonard 
 Brown 15 votes, for state auditor. 
 
 Geo. W. Bemis 1201, Wesley Jones 615, and George C. Fry 15, 
 for state treasurer. 
 
 David Secor 1201, N. C. Ridenver 624, and George M. Walker 
 13, for register of the state land office. 
 
 John T. McJunkin 1201, and J. C. Cook 629, for attorney gene- 
 ral. 
 
 Carl W. Von Coelln 1201, and J. A. Nash 629, for superinten- 
 dent of public instruction to fill vacancy. 
 
 For congressman, N. C. Deering polled 1188 and Cyrus Foreman 
 
 649. 
 
 C. T. Granger received 1199 votes for circuit judge' there being 
 
 no opposition. 
 
 Calvin F. Webster capturing the office of clerk of the courts, 
 having 1251 while Edward Hughes had 535 with a scattering vote 
 of 14. • 
 
 William H. Patterson polled 1,261, and W. H. Mereness, 525 
 votes, for county recorder. 
 
 For member of the board of supervisor we find that D. T. Em- 
 mons received the suffrages of 1,191 electors, while L. Averill, re- 
 ceived 599, with a scattering of 11. 
 
 On the question of relocating the county seat at Cresco, the vote 
 stood "for Cresco" 800, "against Cresco and in favor of old loca- 
 tion between the villages of Vernon Springs and New Oregon," 
 969. 
 
 October 9, 1877. 
 
 The total vote was 1918, this election of which John H. Gear 
 
HISTOEY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 3&1 
 
 received 551, D. P. Stubbs, 201, Elias Jessup, 519, and John P. 
 Irish, 647, for governor. 
 
 Frank T. Campbell, 1030, A. McCready, 249, and W. C. James, 
 647 for the office of Lieut-governor. 
 
 James G. Day, 1,029, John Porter, 253, and H. E. J. Boardman, 
 647, for judge of supreme court. 
 
 Carl Von Cffilln, 1,029, S. T. Ballard, 254, and G. W. CuUison, 
 646, for superintendent of public instruction. 
 
 For state senator, Aaron Kimball received 1,045, and L. H. 
 
 Weller, 839 votes. 
 
 C. E. Brown polled 933, Thomas Griffin, 479, and August 
 Fallgatter, 481, for representative 66th district. 
 
 John E. Peck with 977 votes, defeated Jerry Barker, who had 
 927, for the office of county auditor. 
 
 To fill the vacancy in the treasurer's office, Patrick Griffin re- 
 ceived 918, J. F. Borthwick, received 806, and W. H. Merenes, 13 
 votes. 
 
 For county treasurer for full term Patrick Griffin received 1,026, 
 J. F. Borthwick, 771, and W. H. Mereness, 123 votes. 
 
 Samuel L. Thomson polled 966, Hugh Price, 636, H. A. Axtell, 
 324, and '"scattering" one vote for sheriff, P. N. Glathart being 
 elected county surveyor by a vote of 1.028, his opponent Lahan 
 Hassett having only 891. 
 
 For county superintendent of schools, 897 votes given for W. 
 H. Brocksome elected him, his competitors receiving respectively 
 Joseph C. Kellow, 755, and Florence Barnard, 229 votes. 
 
 James McCollum capturing the office of coroner with 1010 votes, 
 J. W. Reed receiving only 689, and C. E. Bowers received 199 
 votes. 
 
 For member board of supervisors, James Oakley received 
 1,053, I. C. Chamberlain, 832, and B. Chapin, 56, with one "scat- 
 tered." 
 
 On the question "shall stock be restrained from running at 
 large," the vote stood "for 837," "against restraint" 409. 
 
 October 8, 1878. 
 
 At the general election this year there were 1,968 votes cast, 
 John A. T. Hull receiving 937, E. M. Farnsworth 1,030, blank one 
 for secretary of state. 
 
382 HISTORY OP HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 Buren R. Sherman, 934, and Joseph Eibeck, 1,034 for state 
 auditor. 
 
 George W. Bemis, 849, and M. L. Devine, 1,036, for state treas- 
 urer. 
 
 James K. Bowers, 934, and M. Farrington, 1,033 for register 
 Btate land office. 
 
 James Rothrock, 933, and Joseph C. Knapp, 1,033, for judge 
 supreme court. 
 
 John M. McJunkin, 932, and Alexander Runyon, 1,034, for at- 
 torney-general. 
 
 For congressman N. C. Deering, 939, L. H. Weller, 1,012, scat- 
 tering, 4. 
 
 For judge of the District court, 0. J. Clark, 551, and Reuben 
 Noble 1,406. 
 
 Robert Quigley, 875, Cyrus Wellington, 1,086, and 0. J. Clark 
 2 for district attorney. 
 
 C. F. Webster being elected clerk of the courts with 1,159, his 
 competitor C. M. Brooks, receiving but 709 votes. 
 
 William H. Patterson, having 1637 and R. J. Hazledine, 305 
 votes the former was declared elected county recorder. 
 
 For member ot the board of supervisors the vote stood A. G. 
 Hubbard, 1,075, and H. P. Marsh, 874. 
 
 October 14, 1879. 
 
 Total vote polled was 2,243, John H. Gear, 1,059, Daniel Camp- 
 bell, 1,144, W. H. Trimble, 28, and D. R. Dungan, 12 votes for 
 governor. 
 
 Frank T. Campbell, 1,071, M. H. Moore, 1,128, and J. A. 0. 
 Yeoman, 27, for Lieut, governor. 
 
 Joseph M. Beck, 1,069. M. H. Jones, 1,115, and Reuben Noble, 
 41, for judge of the supreme court. 
 
 Carl Von Cffilln, 1,060, J. A. Nash, 1,140, and Erwin Baker, 27, 
 for superintendent of public instruction. 
 
 For representative to legislature the vote standing Charles D. 
 Cutting, 961, S. S. Lambert, 1,227, and J. J. Lowry one. 
 
 For sheriff S. L. Thomson had 1,106, Jacob J. Lowry, 1,122, 
 S. B. Johnson, 1, and James Thomson, 1. 
 
 C. S. Raymond received 897, John E. Peck, 1,329, and P. T. 
 Searles one vote for the office of county auditor. 
 
 Fred C. Clark was elected superintendent of schools by a vote 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 383 
 
 of 1,180 to W. H, Brocksome's, 1,029, with a scattering of four 
 votes. 
 
 For coroner, J. McCollum polled 1,057, and H. C. Price, 1,167 
 votes, with 3 scattered. 
 
 The vote for member of board of supervisors stood L. F. Em- 
 mons, 1,076, and Thomas McCook, 1,143. 
 
 November 2, 1880. 
 
 The full votes for president was 2,024, of which the Garfield 
 and Arthur electors received 1,066, the Hancock and English. 
 285. and the Weaver and Chambers, 673. 
 
 For secretary of state J. A. T. Hull received 1,066, A, B. Keith, 
 281, and George M. Walker, 676 votes. 
 
 For state auditor W. V. Lucas received 1,065, Charles I. Barker, 
 281, and G. V. Swearingen, 676. 
 
 For treasurer, E. H. Conger, 1,066, Martin, Blinn, 281, and 
 Mathias Farrington, 676. 
 
 J. H. Powers received 1,065, Daniel Daugherty, 279, and Thomas 
 Hooker, 676 for register state land office. 
 
 S. M. McPherson, 1,066, C. C. Clark, 279, W. A. Spurrier, 676, 
 for attorney-general. 
 
 C. T. Granger polling 1,061 votes with no opposition for the 
 office of judge of the circuit court. 
 
 For representive to congress from the fourth district, the vote 
 was divided as follows: N. C. Deering, 1,102, J. S. Root, 223, M. 
 B,-Doolittle 654, and 11 scattering. 
 
 For judge of the district court E. E. Cooley received 871, 0. J. 
 Clark, 1,131, with 6 scattering. 
 
 C. F. Webster was elected clerk of the courts having 1,230 votes, 
 and W. F. Daniels, 782, with 2 scattering. 
 
 W. H. Patterson taking the office of recorder, having 1,101, hia 
 rival, Jerry Barnes scoring only 782. 
 
 On the question of having a constitutional convention, 548 were 
 in favor and 288 against the measure. 
 
 October 11, 1881. 
 
 At the election held on this date the total vote of the county 
 polled was 1,469, Buren R. Sherman receiving 749, D. M. Clark, 
 678 and L. G. Kinne 42, for governor. 
 
 Orlando H. Manning, 749, J. M. Holland, 620, J. H. Holland, 
 58, and J. M. Walker, 42, lieut. governor. 
 
384 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 Austin Adams, 749, W. W. Williamson 678 and H. B. Hender- 
 shott, 42, forjudge of the supreme court. 
 
 John W. Akers, 745, Adeline M. Swain, 676, and Walter H. 
 Butler, 45, for superintendent of public instruction. 
 
 For state senator, C. A. Marshall received 747, M. F. Gillett, 
 714, and "scattering" one vote. 
 
 For representative 66th district, W. R. Jones had 695 votes, 
 while S. S. Lambert received 657. 
 
 John E. Peck was barely elected county auditor having 735 
 votes, while P. T. Searles had 724, and 5 votes scattered. 
 
 The vote on treasurer was also very close, Charles I. White re- 
 ceiving 728, and his competitor, P. Griffiin, 722, and 5 votes scat- 
 tered. 
 
 J. J. Lowry was elected sheriff, having 758 votes, and S. L. 
 Thomson, 706 votes. 
 
 W. W. Williams received 738, andS. B. Johnson, 709, for county 
 surveyor. 
 
 Fred C. Clark, 803, and W. W. Williams, 657, for superinten- 
 dent of schools. 
 
 The vote on coroner was another of the closely contested ones 
 standing, 0. N. Hoyt, 735, and H. C. Price, 729. 
 
 For member of the board of supervisors, A. G. Hubbard re- 
 ceived 757 votes, Patrick Peterson, 703, and "Hubbard" received 
 three. 
 
 June 27, 1882. 
 
 This was a special election on the question, shall the constitu- 
 tion be amended by adding the following amendment: 
 
 "No person shall manufacture for sale, or sell, or keep for sale, 
 as a beverage, any intoxicating liquors, including ale, wine 
 or beer. The general assembly shall by law prescribe regulations 
 for the enforcement of the prohibition herein contained, and shall 
 provide suitable penalties for the violation of the provisions 
 thereof." 
 
 The total number of votes cast in Howard county was 1,565, of 
 which 730 were in favor of its adoption, and 835 were against the 
 measure. 
 
 November, 7, 1882. 
 
 The total vote polled was 1,802, of which John A. T. Hull, re- 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 385 
 
 ceived 747, W. J. Gaston, 988, and T. 0. Walker, 67, for secretary 
 of state. 
 
 John L. Brown, 747. G. A. Wyant, 988, and William Thompson 
 67, for state auditor. 
 
 Edwin H. Conger, 742. George Derr, 913, and John Foley, 147, 
 for state treasurer. 
 
 William H. Seever, 747, M. H. Jones, 988, and C. E. Bronson, 
 67, for judge of the supreme court. 
 
 Smith McPherson, 747, James A. Rice, 988, and J. H. Brenner- 
 man, 67, for attorney general. 
 
 For congressman, Thomas Updegraff was in receipt of 756, and 
 L. H. Weller, 1,026 votes, with five scattering. 
 
 Forjudge of the district court of the 10th judicial district, E. E. 
 Cooley polled 930, and L. 0. Hatch, 863 votes. 
 
 For district attorney, H. P. Hancock received 763, Cyrus Wel- 
 lington, 1,041, while L. 0. Hatch had one vote. 
 
 William Theophilus with 1,027 in his favor "got away with" 
 his competitor, Frank Sayre, for the office of clerk of the courts, 
 the latter having only 775 votes. 
 
 Carl K. Berg was equally fortunate having 1,181 votes and Wil- 
 liam H. Patterson, 605, for the office of county recorder. 
 
 For member of board of supervisors, the vote stood, James 
 Hendricks, 796, Charles Keefe, 998, and scattering 5. 
 
386 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 County Seat Controversy; Removals; Official Action; Final 
 Settlement; Present Officers. 
 
 During the summer of 1855, the organization of a county 
 government agitated the minds of some of the new settlers, who 
 had located themselves on the prairies and in the sylvan groves of 
 Howard county, but met with but little favor from the many. 
 While the people were but few, and the settlements but feeble, it 
 seemed folly for them to burden themselves with the cumbersome 
 machinery and expensive luxury of a county government. At 
 this time there were probably not more than one hundrad and 
 fifty inhabitants, or about sixty or seventy voters residents, in what 
 was to be Howard county. And to saddle upon this weak com- 
 munity the support of the necessary officers, was not to the mind 
 of, possibly, a majority of those who looked ahead. However, a 
 petition was signed by some five or six persons, and sent, sub rosa, 
 to James Lyon, then judge in Chickasaw county, praying that an 
 order be issued from his court to organize the county of Howard 
 (for copy of this petition see page 338). Judge Lyon not being 
 cognizant with the whole facts, decided to make the order, which 
 was accordingly done, and bears the date of July 17, 1855. 
 
HISTOKY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 387 
 
 The mandate of the judge further recited, that there was to be 
 held an election on the first Monday of August, of the same year, 
 and appointed Edmund Gillett, one of the most prominent citizens, 
 as the sheriff for the purpose of effecting the organization. 
 
 The people, calmly acquiesing in the matter, now that it was 
 settled that they were to "enjoy" a county government, went to 
 the polls on the day appointed and elected James G. Upton, county 
 judge; Edmund Gillett, clerk; William Woodward, recorder and 
 treasurer; John Harlow, sheriff, and M. V. Burdick, prosecuting 
 attorney. These were the first county officers. 
 
 The next thing was a place of business, or in other words, a 
 county seat and a court house. As most of the officers resided at 
 or near Vernon Springs, this seemed to be the proper place, but 
 the newly born government seems to have been "without a habita- 
 tion and a home," until in the following year Judge Upton decided 
 that for the time being Vernon Springs was to be considered the 
 center of the county rule. 
 
 But other villages were springing into being, and as each of 
 these, according to their proprietors and residents, was "the" place 
 above all others, for a grand city, all laid claim to the position of 
 being the county seat. Land was cheap, and "a good deal of it 
 to the acre," and the proprietors were generous in providing for 
 the width of the streets, avenues, and alleys of the new towns, and 
 each expected metropolitan honors, at least, and each sought to be 
 regarded as the seat of government. 
 
 Of these ambitious cities in embryo, how many of them ever 
 emerged from the state of chrysalis. In a few short years their 
 glory has faded, and all that is remembered of them is the memory 
 of their names. 
 
 The stillness of their location, instead of being disturbed by the 
 clatter of machinery, resounds but to the voice and footfalls of the 
 plowman; the streets and avenues that their projectors fondly 
 
 hoped to see lined with palatial stores, busy factories and stately 
 
 mansions are now filled with the nodding corn or bending wheat, 
 
 and over the site of these would-be commercial and mercantile 
 
 centers, wanders the lowing herds. 
 
 All, or nearly all, have seen their cherished hopes die, and they 
 
388 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 all lie buried 'neath the debris of accumulated years. In 1857 
 the question that seems infallibly to arise in all communities came 
 to the front, and the removal of the county seat occupied all 
 minds, each town, village, or assemblage of houses, by whatsoever 
 name known, had aspirations for the honor of being the recognized 
 seat of government. 
 
 Many were the manoeuvres of the early politician to achieve 
 notoriety for himself and his town, by bringing to bear upon the 
 county judge, who was ex-officio the controller of the county, such 
 influence as would induce him to favor the particular cause he 
 advocated, and locate the county seat with them. 
 
 However, from some cause or other, in September of that year, 
 a command was issued from the office of Judge Upton, and 
 countersigned by Edmund Gillett, as clerk, ordering "that the 
 records of Howard county be removed from Vernon Springs, in 
 said county, to Howard Center, and that the courts of said county 
 be hereafter holden at said Howard Center, until otherwise 
 ordered." 
 
 This order was obeyed during that fall, and all the records, and 
 other paraphernalia of the county officers, generally, was removed 
 to that place. Here, however, it rested but for a short while, and 
 then set out once more on its travels, reminding one of the 
 peripatetic government of the so-called confederacy of later years. 
 
 When the early frosts of Avinter had tinged the groves, at New 
 Oregon, with their many-hued garments, and the farmer rested 
 from his harvest labors, the dissatisfaction at the removal of the 
 government again cropped out, and the community was torn by 
 the internecine feud — again the question was agitated with all the 
 warmth that such things always engender. Neighborhood was set 
 
 against neighborhood, and peace seemed to flee the land. 
 
 To calm the troubled waters the county judge appointed M. V. 
 Burdick, G. N. Holbrook, and George Bronson a committee to 
 relocate the county seat at such point as seemed, in their opinion, 
 best calculated to please the greatest majority. 
 
 After some investigation in the center of the county these gentle- 
 men came to Vernon Springs and New Oregon, then two rising and 
 rival villages, near "Oregon Grove." Here they were, of course, 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 389 
 
 assailed with the volunteered information that both of these 
 places being the center of population, and the largest settlements 
 in the county, should of right be the home of the county govern- 
 ment. As might be expected, each hamjet upheld its own banner 
 and talked for itself. 
 
 The citizens of New Oregon, finally, procured a vehicle to convey 
 the commissioners through the surrounding country to demon- 
 state to them the truth of their assertion, that their town was the 
 center of population, if not that of the geographical county, it 
 being well known that the western part of the county was sparsely 
 settled. The gentlemen were placed in charge of W. R. Mead, 
 then a young lawyer, newly arrived, to show them the vicinity. 
 Through ignorance, on which, perhaps, was counted, or through 
 calculation, they were driven eastward, crossing into Winnesheik 
 county, were shown the thriving farms and settlements of that 
 part of the country, as if it was a part of Howard. This seemed 
 to satisfy the commission, who never dreamed that all this people 
 did not reside in Howard county, and they returned to New 
 Oregon, determined to locate the county seat there, but were met 
 
 by the delegation from Vernon Springs, who advocated their 
 claim. 
 
 These two, between them perplexed the commission, and after 
 a hard wrangle with each, agreed among themselves as to what 
 was best to do. A subscription having been started to build a 
 court house, it was proposed to the two towns that, as both could 
 not have it, and for peace sake, it would not do to give it to either, 
 that they (the -commission), would locate the said county seat at a 
 place known as Pike's Peak, a bluff equi-distant from both, on the 
 main road leading from one to the other, provided the said sub- 
 scription should be applied to the building of a court house. 
 
 These terms were accepted, and the place designated was made 
 the seat of government. 
 
 The court house was built in February, 1859, at this point, by 
 the subscriptions raised by the citizens of both towns, and once 
 more "peace spread her pinions o'er the land." 
 
 Thus^ things remained, until in 1865 it was found that, as the 
 
390 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 building was built of bass wood the elements and the years had 
 worked their will with it until it was unsightly aud unsafe. 
 
 We find recorded that at the session of the board of supervisors, 
 in September, 1865, the following resolution was passed: 
 
 "Whereas, The building now occupied by the county officers of 
 Howard county has become so dilapidated by age, as to render it 
 unfit for office purposes, and an unsafe repository for the records 
 of said county;" the resolution going on to state that the county 
 had been tendered the use of a building, owned by L. L. Halstead, 
 and located in the village of Vernon Springs. 
 
 The building was built of stone and was in every way fitted for 
 the use of the county, and the board resolved to remove the 
 records and fixtures, together with the county officers, to the 
 building and town aforesaid — that to be considered the county 
 seat and court house. The board met at Vernon Springs for the 
 October session, but owing to the opposition of the New Oregon 
 people, the offices were not removed thither. At this session the 
 offer of Vernon Springs was renewed, but was met by the counter 
 offer of New Oregon, who agreed to build a brick court house, and 
 give the use of it free to the county. Neither of these propositions 
 were accepted, however, by the board, and the offices still remained 
 at "the bluff." 
 
 In January, ISGTj'^however, a new rival for the county seat ap- 
 peared upon the scene, in the shape of the now growing railroad 
 town of Cresco; the rapid rise and progress of which was casting 
 into dim shade all the other towns, and whose pretence of claim 
 for the county seat was warranted by the fact that it then con- 
 tained nearly one-sixth of the i^opulation of the entire county. 
 
 At the session of the board of supervisors, held during this 
 month, an intimation was given the board that Cresco aspired to 
 the honor of the county government, and in a few days a petition 
 was presented, in which was prayed, that the honorable board 
 
 would transfer the offices of the county to their town, and making 
 a proposition to erect for the accommodation of the same a build- 
 ing of brick and in every way suitable for the purpose intended. 
 The board taking the matter under advisement, accepted an in- 
 vitation to view the proposed site of the court house, in Cresco, 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 391 
 
 and from the best reports handed down by tradition, the county 
 fathers evidently had a good time and possibly "saw" the matter 
 in its greatest extent. 
 
 However, be that as it may, it was hastily resolved by them to 
 accept the offer, and the following was placed upon the records: 
 
 "Resolved, By the board of supervisors of Howard county, that 
 the proposition of Messrs. Beadle and others to build a court 
 • house and furnish it, free of any expense, to the county, and also 
 to provide a hall for the meetings of the board, and for court 
 purposes, be and is hereby accepted; the sherifl* is directed to 
 remove the records, etc., at the time contemplated, viz: On or 
 before June 1, 1867. 
 
 At the June session, again, the board directed the county 
 officers "to remove their offices to the building now being con- 
 structed by the Howard county court house association in the 
 village of Cresco, whenever the committee shall decide to accept it 
 as a safe and suitable place for the same." 
 
 This was accordingly done. But, by a legal fiction, the old 
 court house, on the bluff, was still regarded as the county seat, 
 only the offices and records being moved to Cresco for safety and 
 convenience. 
 
 At the September session of the board of supervisors, 1876, the 
 following appears upon the minutes: 
 
 "There was presented a petition to relocate the county seat at 
 Crescos" 
 The board, therefore, issued the following proclamation: 
 
 "To the legal voters of Howard county, Iowa: 
 
 You are hereby notified, that at the regular session of the board 
 of supervisors of the county of Howard, Iowa, held at the court 
 house in the said county, commencing on the first day of Sep- 
 tember, 1876, a petition of over one thousand of the qualified 
 electors of said county, was presented to the said board of super- 
 visors, asking that the said board order that at the next general 
 election, to be held in said county, on November 7, 1876, a vote be 
 taken in said county by the qualified electors thereof, upon the 
 question of relocating the county seat of said county, which said 
 
392 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. • 
 
 petition designates Cresco, in said county, as the point at which 
 said petitioners desire to have the said county seat relocated, and 
 it appearing to the said board that due notice of the presentation 
 of such petition to the board of supervisors had been given by 
 three insertions in the Iowa Plaindealer, a weekly newspaper, 
 published in said count)\ the last of which was more than sixty 
 days before the said September meeting of the said board of 
 supervisors, and it appearing to the board of supervisors b}- the 
 affidavits accompanying tl:ie said petition, that the signers thereof 
 were all legal and their ^signatures genuine, and that at least one- 
 half the legal voters of said county, as shown by the last preceed- 
 ing census, had signed said petition, it was therefore ordered by 
 the said board of supervisors that at the next general election to 
 be held in said county, on November 7, 1876, the question of re- 
 locating the county seat of said county be submitted to the quali- 
 fied electors of said county, and that said vote be taken, between 
 Cresco, in said county, and the present existing county seat, and 
 that the form of the ballot thereof be as follows: 
 
 For the county seat at Cresco; For the county seat at the place 
 designated by the commissioners in 1858, about half way between 
 the villages of New Oregon and Vernon Springs; of all which you 
 will take due notice, and govern yourselves accordingly." 
 
 Thos. Griffin, ') 
 
 James Oakley, >■ Supervisors. 
 
 A. G. Hubbard, j 
 
 On looking up the election returns of November 7, 1876, it will 
 be found that, notwithstanding one thousand voters signed the 
 petition, some no doubt changing their minds, the vote stood: 800 
 in favor of relocating it at Cresco, and 969 against it, or rather in 
 favor of retaining it where it was, in no man's land, off on the 
 dreary bluff in a tumble down, dilapidated structure, once known 
 .as the court house. 
 
 Men now asked themselves the question of what was to be done, 
 and many plans were canvassed, but nothing came of it, until 
 after the burning of the court house at Cresco, and the re-erection 
 of it it was a mooted question. Then was carried into effect the 
 most feasible plan, viz: The lines of the incorporated town of 
 
HISTORY OK HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 393 
 
 Cresco, on the southern boundary, were extended so as to include 
 the old bluff, whose crown lifted heavenward, was the recognized 
 seat of government. When this was done, by vote of the board 
 the court house was legally moved to the court house square, and 
 the present beautiful and commodious building was erected. So 
 ended the county seat question, for the time, at least. 
 
 Less acrimony was developed in the conflict of later years than 
 is usual in such cases. The present officers (1883), are: John E. 
 Peck, auditor; Charles I. White, treasurer; Carl K. Berg, recorder; 
 Wm. Theophilus, clerk; J. J. Lowry, sheriff; Fred. C. Clark, 
 county superintendent, all of whom may be found at their offices 
 in the above building. The present members of the board of 
 supervisors are: Charles Keefe, A. G. Hubbard, and James 
 Oakley. 
 
 \1 v 
 
394 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Railroads, Their Inception and Completion; Journalism in 
 Howard County; Early Newspapers, and Early Adver- 
 tisers. 
 
 RAILROAD. 
 
 The various attempts and projects of earlier days to change the 
 the roads of mud to that of iron, may be but briefly outlined in 
 this chapter. 
 
 The Iowa and Minnesota division of that monster corporation, 
 the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad, that now crosses 
 the county, is simply an out growth of the McGregor Western 
 railroad. 
 
 The first account, we find of any attempt to procure a railroad 
 is on record, and in the form of a 
 
 proclamation. 
 STATE OF IOWA, 
 
 County of Howard '' 
 
 In pursuance of the code of Iowa, and at the request of a por- 
 tion of the people, of said county, an election is hereby ordered to 
 be held in the several townships in said county of Howard, on the 
 third day of August, A. D. 1857, at the places where the last April 
 elections were held, to vote upon the question,whetherthe said coun- 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 395 
 
 ty of Howard, shall take $150,000 of the stock of the Northwestern 
 railroad comi:)any and issue bonds in payment therefore, bearing 
 interest at the rate of ten per cent, per annum; the principal sum 
 to be paid in twenty years; and that a tax be levied upon the tax- 
 able property of said county, for the payment of interest and 
 principal. 
 
 The said railroad company to pay the interest on said bonds, until 
 said road is in operation' to the east line of said county of Howard; 
 bonds to be issued when said road shall be in operation to 
 Decorah, Winnesheik county, and permanently located to the west 
 line of Howard county. 
 
 The form of the vote shall be, "for the railroad stock" "against 
 the railroad stock." 
 
 Every affirmative vote shall be considered for the proposition 
 entire. 
 
 In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed 
 the seal of said county, this first day of July, A. D. 1857. 
 
 James G. Upton, 
 
 [seal.] - County Judge. 
 
 It would seem, from the absence of anything in the records, that 
 this scheme was a flash in the pan, that nothing came of it, as the 
 Northwestern railroad company never came in the direction indi- 
 cated. The matter was dropped until 1863. 
 
 It was at the" September session, of the board of supervisors, of 
 the county, that it was jDroposedto submit to the legal electors of the 
 county, a proposition to donate all the lands in the county known 
 as "swamp lands," to aid in the construction and equipment of 
 the McGregor Western railroad, on the condition, that the before 
 mentioned railroad build a road from North McGregor westward, 
 to intersect the county of Howard, from east to west. 
 
 This was ordered to be voted on by the people of the county at 
 the next general election, and the clerk of the board instructed to 
 make proclamation in accordance therewith. 
 
 Accordingly at the election, held October 10, 1865, the question 
 being placed before the qualified electors of the county, for their 
 approval or rejection, the donation was ratified by the people by 
 some means which is gathered by subsequent proceedings as the 
 election returns show upon their face that they rejected it by a vote 
 of 390 to 141,but some error must be in the record, as after develop- 
 
396 HISTORY OF HOWAED COUNTY. 
 
 merits show that the swamp lands were donated by the board 
 about this time. The loosely kept minutes of these early times, 
 causes considerable confusion, and leaves much matter to be 
 gathered from the context. 
 
 At the Oct., session, we find that the board passed a resolution, 
 that the question of extending the time, in which the McGregor 
 Western railroad contract to build their road, through Howard 
 county, be submitted to the people the railroad company not 
 being able to fulfill the said contract, in regard to point of time, 
 and also on the question of giving the same railroad the benefit of 
 all the swamp lands within the borders of the county. 
 
 In October of the same year, an election being holden for the 
 purpose, the vote stood, "for extending time to the McGregor 
 Western railroad" 212, against such extension 20 votes. 
 
 On the question of giving the said railroad the entire benefit of 
 the swamp lands 149 were in favor and, 70 against the measure. 
 
 It was during the year, 1866, that the McGregor Western, first 
 crossed the county line, entering on section twenty-three in Vernon 
 Springs township, and instead of fulfilling their engagements, 
 with the people of the county, and intersecting the entire county 
 from the east to west, turned their line northwest passed out of the 
 limits of the county, alter running along, for a short distance on 
 the northern boundary, at section ten in the township of Oakdale. 
 The number of miles of track, within the bounds of the county 
 is, as was then built twenty-four and thirty-four one hundredths 
 (24.34) divided as follows: 
 
 Vernon Springs township, including the town of Cresco, 8.49 
 miles; Howard Centre township, .25; Forest City township, 6.40; 
 Chester township, 6.40; Oakdale township, 2.84. 
 
 This non-fuliillment of their contract by the railroad, seems to 
 have been a fruitful source of trouble, the officers and people of 
 the county, justly finding fault because the road did not intersect 
 the entire county, which was part of the contract, entered into by 
 the railroad company. 
 
 It seems that the action of tlie county, in donating these swamp 
 lands to the railroad was not entirely legal, and the railroad com- 
 pany, in 1868, went to the legislature of the state asking them to 
 legalize the action. 
 
 But at a meeting of the board of supervisors, held February 3d, 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 399 
 
 1868, a resolution was passed and a petition drawn up in accor- 
 dance therewith, praying the legislature, not to pass the bill, then 
 before them, legalizing the act of a previous board of supervisors, in 
 conveying to the McGregor Western railroad, all the swamp lands 
 of the county, on the plea, that the said railroad had failed to 
 carry out the provisions of the orginal contract, entered into with 
 the peo])le of the county. 
 
 Suit was entered into against the railroad, for a recovery of the 
 lands and breach of contract pleaded as the cause, liut in July, 
 
 1869, the matter was adjusted and the suits withdrawn and the 
 lands left in possession of the company, the railroad agreeing to 
 locate a station at the town of Chester, which condition was 
 accordingly carried out and Chester became a depot of the rail- 
 road. 
 
 TJie line passed into the possession of its present owners, the 
 Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad company, shortly after 
 the settlement of the above question, and still is owned aud oper- 
 ated by them. 
 
 There are four stations within the limits of Howard county, 
 viz: Cresco, Bonair, Lime Spring and Chester. 
 
 Two additional railroads are on the tapis and possibly may be 
 built in the future, one ascending Crane Creek, and passing 
 through the county, nearly in the centre from south to north; the 
 other on the natural grade of the " Wapsie" in the western part of 
 fhe coiinty in nearly the same direction. 
 
 These roads are as yet in the womb of time, but the general 
 impression prevails, that one or both may be built, and that right 
 speedily. This would be a considerable help to the county giving, 
 them more direct communication with market, and induce the 
 settlement of the waste places of the county. 
 
 JOURNALISM 
 
 The Anglo-Saxon,where ever he goes seems instinctively to plant, 
 almost the first thing, those mighty engines of civilization, that 
 hand-in-hand go down the mighty corridor of time, with resound- 
 ing steps — the school and the press. No better index as to the 
 state of society — or the thrilt of a community can be found, than 
 in the press it supports. Look at the question, and decide the 
 matter which way you will, whether the press is the power behind 
 
400 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 the throne, or simply the mirror of public thought — whether it is 
 the leader or follower of opinions of the community, it must be 
 conceded that the newspaper does not spontaneously arise in, nor 
 thrive on virgin soil, but flourishes in a cultivated garden. 
 
 The press of Howard county is not in this respect one whit 
 behind the other counties or in the standard that betrays the cul- 
 tnre of the inhabitants. 
 
 The birth of the first newspaper, in Howard county, was an 
 event, remembered by all the pioneers. Its initial issue was dated 
 February 18, 1858 and was called the ''Howard County Sentinel" 
 and was publshed at New Oregon. The proprietorship was vested 
 in the Howard county printing association, of which S. M. Oole 
 was president; D. D. Sabin, vice president; M. M. Moon, treasurer; 
 W. R. Mead, secretary; and James G. Upton, J. F. Mitchell, J.S. 
 Lawver, E. W. Allen, George W. Schofield, C. M.Munson, and J. J. 
 Clemmer, were directors. The editor was J. Howard Field, one of 
 the bright lunnnaries of the journalistic corps, and who was more 
 recently, and perhajjs ia now, connected with the staff of the "Chi- 
 cago Journal" in an editorial capacity. This paper was neutral 
 and independent in politics and religion and was a seven column 
 folio and presented a very creditable appearance, both in the 
 editorial and mechanical departments. 
 
 The fortunes of this paper were destroyed, with the office, by fire, 
 during the year 1859 whereupon the association dissolved and did 
 not attempt its resusitation. 
 
 The second paper was ephemeral in its duration, expiring of 
 inanition within a year. It was a rival of the above named Senti- 
 nel and was established in 1858.* The name was the "North Iowa 
 Gazette' and the first issue is dated from Vernon Springs, March 26, 
 and was also a seven column paper, owned by Harrison and Peck 
 and was democratic in politics. 
 
 Immediately upon the burning of the office of the Sentinel and 
 the dissolution of the association, H. Lick and W. K. Mead adven- 
 tured their bark upon the stormy seas of pioneer journalism, in 
 the form of the "Ncav Oregon Plaindealer",the former as publisher 
 and the latter as editor. Shortly after its inception F. J. INIead 
 became possessed of the interest of Mr. Lick and the paper was 
 then issued under the firm nama of W. R. and F. J. Mead under 
 which head it continues at Cresco to this day. It was a straight 
 
HISTOEY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 401 
 
 democrat sheet until quite lately, it having for some time advo 
 cated greenback sentiments. This paper was continued success- 
 fully until in May 26, 1867, when it was transferred to the town 
 of Cresoo. 
 
 It has a circulation of about a thousand and is well conducted. 
 It has also in connection with the newspaper office, a good job de- 
 partment, and enjoys a liberal share of the public patronage. W* 
 R. Mead still fills the editorial chair and is the terror of evil-doers 
 for his pen knows no mercy to the criminal against society and 
 law. 
 
 Among the advertisers in the first issues of the Plaindealer in 
 1867, on its location at Cresco we find, the Empire house; B. 
 Isaacs, manufacturer of wagons, buggies, etc.; Mrs. Knowles, mil- 
 linery and dressmaking; Mrs. J. T. Donahue, millinery and fancy 
 goods; Bones & White, dry goods; J. J. Clemmer, drugs; B. Cha- 
 pin, Hardware and stoves. W. H. AUeman, boots and shoes; D. 
 Bean, harness; Mrs. F. H. Jewett, photographer; T. Miller, har- 
 ness. G. A. Purdy, stoves; Perry & Conklin, agricultural machin- 
 ery; E. B. 81oan, merchant tailor; Burdick & Clouse, general mer 
 chandise; Price and Lowry, drugs; Parnell and Myers, olacksmiths. 
 N. H. Knowles, M. D., and J. J. Clemmer, M. D., are al-;j repre- 
 sented among the advertisers with Strother and Kirkpatrick, gene- 
 ral merchandise. 
 
 W. R. Mead, the editor, one of the representativemenof the jour- 
 nalistic-fraternity in this section, came to the state of Iowa, in 1854^ 
 and employed his time on the "Daily Northwest," then a paper 
 published at Dubuque, by General Geo. W. Jones; he came to 
 Howard county in 1857, intending to resume the practice of law> 
 for which he had been educated, but journalism claimed him for 
 her own and the fates so willed it, 
 
 The following, in regard to the press used in printing the New 
 Oregon Plaindealer, is of historical value, as it is related by W. R. 
 Meade, one of the owners of that paper, and is clipped from a late 
 issue of the journal he so ably edits. 
 
 "The identical press that Lovejoy had at Alton, 111., and which 
 was thrown into the Mississippi at the time Lovejoy was killed by 
 a mob, is said to be printing the Belmond, (Iowa), Herald. The 
 editor will ship the press to the Illinois Historical society if they 
 
402 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 will ship him in return a new improved power press. Fair enough. 
 — [Austin Transcript. 
 
 The press mentioned is the one used in this office when the 
 Plain Denier was established twenty-four years ago; was shipped 
 by steamboat from the scene of its years of submersion, direct to 
 McGregor; was used by us until our enlargement in 1869, when it 
 was sold to G. E. Frost, of Clear Lake, and we understand was 
 transierred by him to its present ownership. It is a press unlike 
 in its construction, any other that we ever saw. In size it is for a 
 six column paper, though we made a seven column paper by re- 
 ducing the columns to narrow width. In Illinois the democrats 
 threw it into the Mississippi, because it advocated abolitionism; in 
 Iowa the abolitionists threatened to throw it into the Turkey 
 river because it advocated democracy through the Plain Dealer." 
 
 In 1858, George W. Haislet, who in later years carried on the 
 Decorah Radical, but now numbered with the dead, established a 
 six column folio paper at Howard Center, called the "Northern 
 Light". This journal was of but one years growth, when it met 
 its demise. From a perusal of its issues we find that Royal 0. 
 Thayer, kept a livery stable and John W. Walters, was a carpenter 
 and builder at that place. 
 
 During the early part of the year a paper was started, at New 
 Oregon, in opposition to the Plain Dealer, by T. J. Gilmore and 
 Fitz James McKay, and called the "Star of the West," but alas it 
 was almost stifled in its birth and lingered along a sickly life for 
 eleven short weeks and then departed to where so many newspapers 
 go. It was intended to be a weekly paper, and was established 
 for the purpose of publishing the tax sales, of the county — but it 
 proved "weakly" and hence its demise. 
 
 The "Howard County Times" was established in Cresco, January 
 20, 1867,by F. C. Wood and Frank Mix,who were at the same time^ 
 editors and proprietors,no uncommon conjunction in this country. 
 It started as a seven column folio, and was intensely and radically 
 republican in pohtics, and has continued to hold the same opinions 
 yet, although it has increased in size to a six column quarto. In 
 August, 1867, F. C. Wood sold his interest in the paper to his 
 partner, Frank Mix, who shortly afterwards died, but his estate 
 still retained its interest therein, and C. F. Breckinridge, managed 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 403 
 
 it, until I. A. Hoxie purchased it. Mr. Hoxie shortly afterward 
 Bold it to W. N. Burdick, now of the Postville Review. 
 
 After running it about a year, in April, 1873, Burdick sold it to 
 W. M. Fogo and W. W. White, under whose management it con- 
 tinued, until April 1, 1873, when Mr. Fogo sold his interest to L 
 E. Smith, who immediately entered upon the editorial control. On 
 October 21, 1873, Mr. White also sold his interest, Mr. Smith be- 
 coming the purchaser, since which time he has been sole owner 
 and editor. The paper was known formerly as the Cresco Times 
 but its name has been changed, under Mr. Smith's charge to its 
 present one. 
 
 It is claimed for the Times, that it enjoys the largest circulation 
 of any paper in the county, and is the exponent of radical i)ro- 
 hibition and morality and is one of the finest sheets in the section 
 both for the ability displayed in its columns and for the neatness 
 of its mechanical "makeup." 
 
 Several more papers have been started in the county but they 
 were of short duration, noticably, the "Peoples Representative" a 
 weekly eight column journal, published at Cresco, in 1873 with 
 George F. Crouch, as editor. 
 
 Lime Springs also has enjoyed several papers, but from some 
 cause or other, their demise occurred early in life, and we have no 
 record thereof. 
 
404 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY, 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 County Buildings; Court Houses; Jail; Residence of thb 
 Sheriff; Poor Farm; Early Attempts at Purchase op Same; 
 Final Action in Regard to County Farm, Etc. 
 
 POOR FARM. 
 
 In no country under the sun, has a more magnanimous regard 
 for the poor been displayed than in this noble republican home of 
 ours — and this can be said more particularly of the countries of 
 the great northwest. Howard county, is in this respect^in nowise 
 behind her sister counties. 
 
 It was not strange that the pioneer settler discovered, so early, 
 the wants of his poorer neighbor, and was so prompt to extend to 
 him a helping hand, and to inaugurate measures for his relief, be- 
 beyond his means, when we remember that his state was also 
 one of compartive poverty. "A fellow feeling makes us won- 
 derous kind;" as the poet hath so beautifully sung. 
 
 No record has been kept of the many private acts of charity per- 
 formed by the more affluent citizen' toward his needy neighbor. 
 The halo of eloquent silence surrounds them; but, deeply graven, 
 in letters more pure and bright than gold, doth shine the deeds of 
 many noble men and women, of this land, whose Christianity and 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 405 
 
 ■charity is not alone expressed by their dovotion to the services of 
 the church. 
 
 The first organized effort on the part of the citiz'-ns of Howard 
 county, for the relief of their necessitious brethren, whom mis- 
 fortune had reduced to penury and want is not recorded, here on 
 earth; perhaps the recording angel has incribed it upon his book, 
 and the action may bear fruition, elsewhere. Almost the first 
 entries made in the books of the county judge, then ex-officio the 
 county government, relates to the payment of small sums to the 
 needy and destitute; "The poor and needy ye have with ye al- 
 ways" we are told and we know that in the early days of this 
 county's settlement, it was not exempt from the rvile. The man 
 reduced, through misfortune or thorough habits the opposite of 
 commendable, could not be allowed to starve or want for shelter 
 — the widow who had been left to buffet alone the billows of life's 
 stormy sea, could not be neglected — the helpless orphans, left 
 drifting toward the breakers must be helped, and the true hearted 
 pioneer was nut the man to turn his back on them, nor a deaf 
 ear to their cry. Out of the funds at the disposal of the govern- 
 ment seemed the best way, to provide for then, all could bear the 
 burden equally and equitably. 
 
 For many years the poverty stricken were cared for in the 
 homes that still remained to shelter them — in the homes of the 
 stranger — their maintainence furnished by the county. 
 
 In 1866, the first effort was made to purchase a farm and erect 
 buildings, suitable for the keeping and maintaining of those de- 
 pendent ujjon the county purse. 
 
 During that year, a committee of three of its members was ap- 
 pointed by the board of supervisors, to solicit the terms for the 
 purchas of a farm, suitable for the support of the wards of the 
 ■county. 
 
 The committee were instructed to report to the board the prices, 
 location, terms, advantages, etc., of lands offered them and thought 
 by them fit for the purpose intended. They were further instruc- 
 ted that the county did not wish the land to amount to less than 
 one hundred and sixty acres. They were also empowered to ad- 
 vertise for sealed bids, and to use all discretion in the matter, so 
 as to present a full report, which was to be returned at the next 
 meeting of the board. 
 
406 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 The committee consisted of Mrssrs. C. S. Thurber, Stephen 
 Radford and C. W. Field. 
 
 At the September session, 1866, the committee handed in their 
 report, which runs, as follows: 
 
 "That they have received several proposals of farms for sale, 
 but not anything in their judgment answering the purposes of the 
 county. Your committee would further report, that, in their 
 judgment, they cannot purchase a farm with the neceesary im- 
 provements, and therefore, would recommend, if the board see fit 
 to purchase a farm, that they procure a piece of unimproved land 
 and make the necessary improvements:" 
 
 The affair seems to have collapsed, for want of life, at this junc- 
 ture and the old method of providing for the poor still continued 
 and we hear no more of the scheme until 1868, when, at the Jan- 
 uary session of tlie board, they passed the following resolution, in 
 regard to the matter under discussion: 
 
 "Whereas, It is deemed advisable, by this board, that some 
 provision be made for the poor of the county, whereby they may 
 be subsisted at a less cost to the county, than by the present 
 method, therefore; 
 
 "Resolved, That a committee of three, be appointed to look for 
 a feasible site for a "poor house farm," improved or unimproved; 
 ascertain the cost of the same, estimate the cost of the necessary 
 buildings and improvements, and report to this board, at the June 
 session, with a view to submit the proposition to a vote of electors, 
 of this county, at the next general election, according to the pro- 
 visions of the code of the state of Iowa." 
 
 Messrs. C. S. Thurber, Thomas Griffin and W. H. Patterson 
 were the committee appointed, the latter being clerk of the board. 
 
 This committee' as instructed, returned a report at the June ses- 
 sion, saying that they had viewed the place of Albert Miller, at 
 Saratoga, of which the price was three thousand dollars, there be- 
 ing one hundred and sixty acres, twenty -five acres of timber, forty- 
 five or fifty under cultivation, had a good house erected on itj was 
 well watered and the means of access was good, being on the 
 Main road, from Cresco to Osage. They also reported, that they 
 had looked at the farm of Keuling and Robinson, about two miles 
 south of Saratoga, which contained some three hundred and 
 twenty acres, was well watered, with the means of access equally 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 407 
 
 good, the land was of excellent quality and could be purchased' 
 for the sum of $1530. This they considered remarkably cheap, 
 and estimated, that the necessary improvements could be made 
 for the sum of $3500, and recommended, that the vote be taken 
 on the amount of $5000, which would cover all the expense. 
 
 At the election held in November, of the same year, the ques- 
 tion of levying a special tax, to pay for the poor house farm, the 
 community seemed to think that some better plan existed, to pro- 
 vide a home for the destitute, for the vote stood only 92 in favor 
 of levying the tax and 709 against it. The subject was them 
 dropped for the present. However in 1881, the board became the 
 owners of a farm, the west half of the northeast quarter of section 
 eleven, 99-11, and determined to utilize it for a poor farm, as there 
 was a fine large house on it. 
 
 This land had originally been what is known as school, land and 
 was purchased by some parties on contract, but was never deeded. 
 Being covered by mortgages and judgments, the county bought 
 up all claims against it, foreclosed the mortgages and bid it in, 
 at the sale. 
 
 The following circular was issued, in regard to it, from the 
 auditor's office by order of the board : 
 
 auditor's office. 
 
 Cresco, April 12, 1881 , 
 To the Township Trustees of Howard county: 
 
 Gentleman. — The board of supervisors have provided a poor 
 house and farm, for the future support of such persons as need 
 permanent relief, and have fixed on the 25th day of April, inst., as • 
 the time when all outside allowances shall cease. 
 
 You will please notify all such persons as are receiving perma- 
 manent relief from you, that their allowances will then cease, and ; 
 that if further relief is required it will be furnished at the poor 
 house, and if they apply, you will give them an order to the 
 Steward of the poor farm for admittance and relief — simply give 
 them the order. Cases will occasionally arise when it will be 
 your manifest duty to furnish a conveyance, but as a rule, the 
 friends of such poor persons should get them to the poor house. 
 The trustees need not meet as a board for the purpose of send- 
 ing a person to the poor house. The order of one trustee will be 
 sufficient. 
 
408 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 In providing temporary relief, great caution should be exer- 
 cised, lest 3^ou and the public be imposed on; the fact that a per- 
 son is poor, does not entitle such person to support at the public 
 expense. 
 
 Many of the tax-payers are poor, and in view of this fact relief 
 should be granted only in cases of extreme destitution. Let your 
 allowances be very sparing until the next meeting of the board of 
 supervisors, when each case should be fully reported by you, and 
 the board will make such disposition of them as economy, the 
 general welfare of the county, and necessity, demands. 
 
 The poor expenses of the county for the year 1880, amounted 
 $23761.57, and are increasing, thus far in 1881, by nearly one half. 
 The board of supervisors are doing all in their power to keep 
 these expenses within reasonable limits, and they respectfully asK 
 your hearty and cordial co-operation. 
 
 Hereafter, claims against the county for temporary relief, must 
 be certified to by at least a majority of the board of trustees of the 
 .township where the person receiving aid resides. 
 
 Enclosed herewith, find blanks for use in sending poor persons 
 to the poor house. John E. Peck, 
 
 County Auditor. 
 By order of the Board of Supervisors. 
 
 P. S. The poor farm is located about three miles Northwest of 
 
 Cresco, and was formerly known as the Sumner farm — sometimes 
 
 called the Marlow place. J. E. P. 
 
 Joseph H. Batterham was appointed steward, at its inception 
 
 ■- and satisfactorily fills the place to the present writing. Thus 
 
 through many adverse circumstances has been established this 
 
 1 home for the indigent, and the charity of the county is brought 
 
 I under something like management. 
 
 COUNTY BUILDING. 
 
 In the year 1859, when the county seat was located on the bluff, 
 midway between the villages of New Oregon and Vernon Springs, 
 a subscription was raised in both towns, and a building erected 
 and donated to the county. This being built of the most avail- 
 able lumber, basswood, in a few short years, became so dilapidated 
 and rotten through the action of the elements and the exposed 
 position of the structure, the timbers rotting down, the sheathing 
 .tumbling off, and the roof leaking, that much apprehension was 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 409 
 
 excited in the minds of the county officers, as to its being a place 
 of security for the records and other valuable books and papers 
 of a necessity stored therein, and measures were taken, as early 
 as 1865, to have the seat of government removed elsewhere. After 
 8ome manoeuvers on the part of the rival villages mentioned 
 above, in 1867, the board of supervisors of the county accepted 
 the offer of the Howard county court house association to build a 
 brick edifice at Cresco, and put it at the disposal of the county. 
 Immediately, upon the acceptation of this offer, the association 
 commenced to erect the building on the site known as the court 
 house square. The structure was of good size and every way 
 applicable to the purpose for which it was intended. In July, 
 1867, it was occupied by various officers, who removed there with 
 all their books, papers, and furniture, and the seat of county gov- 
 ernment, for convenience sake, was removed to Cresco, although 
 the county seat proper, could not be legally moved; for explana- 
 tion of this, see chapter IV. This building was then used as the 
 county offices until December 1, 1876, when it was destroyed by 
 fire. The devouring element, with greedy maw, soon wiped out of 
 existence the entire building, and with it the records of the court; 
 the books and papers of the other officers, however, being rescued 
 from the insatiable monster. Many were, and are, the conjectures 
 as to the origin of the fire, and more than one had suspicion that 
 the hand of an incendiary put the torch to the building. This 
 was seemingly strengthened on the development of the Kyte 
 business, aud some did not hesitate to aver that he was the guilty 
 party ,but of this there exists no certainty, and we should not add, 
 uncharitably, to the burden he already bears. Let us hope that it 
 was not so, for he has crime enough to answer for without charg- 
 ing him with arson. Let the broad mantle of charity cover up 
 his misdeeds, and say that the conflagration was the result of 
 accident. 
 
 After the loss of the court house, the association of the citizens 
 of Cresco immediately proceeded to rebuild the edifice, and in a 
 more imposing style of architecture. 
 
 The following items of information, in regard to the cost of the 
 building, were obtained from a letter, written by Hon. John 
 McHugh, to a committee of gentlemen, at New Hampton, who 
 inquired respecting it. It would seem from that, that the asso- 
 
410 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 ^ • 
 
 ciation paid $5,707.90, the county giving $1,040.00, making $6,- 
 747.90, which was ])aid to the contractor. It is, however, claimed 
 that the said contractors lost $1,825.00, making the building cost^ 
 as follows: 
 
 Funds furnished by association $5,707.90 
 
 Funds furnished by county 1,040.00 
 
 Money lost by contractors 1,825.00 . 
 
 Making a total cost of $8,572.90 
 
 The building is a neat, stylish, red brick edifice, trimmed with 
 Milwaukee brick of a soft cream color. The architecture is of the 
 modern renaissance order, and the architect has displayed much 
 taste in working out his ideas on the subject. A wide corridor 
 through the middle of the first floor, with the offices on each side, 
 presents itself to view on entrance. The recorder the first on the 
 left, and next the treasurer's office; on the right hand the clerk of 
 the court and the auditor hold forth. 
 
 The sheriflf and county superintendent, are accomodated with 
 offices in the basement. The second story, a fine commodious 
 and well lighted room, is the court room in which is held the dif- 
 ferent courts when sitting in the county. 
 
 The grounds surrounding the court house, are handsomly fenced 
 with an ornamental railing of iron, and artistically laid out. The 
 county jail, and residence of the sheriff" attached thereto, are 
 located within the same enclosure, north of the court house. 
 
 The jail is one of the best in this section of country. In June, 
 1882, the board of supervisors instructed the auditor to advertise 
 for bids for the building of a jail, the same to be erected of brick, 
 with steel-clad cells, and also, for the erection of a residence, for 
 the sheriff, to be attached, thereunto. 
 
 But on their receipt, the proposals, not proving to the satisfac- 
 tion of the (officials, they determined to carr}^ out their ideas, by 
 erecting the buildings, themselves. A. G. Hubbard was appointed 
 as a building committee, to superintend the operation. Great 
 satisfaction resulted from this action as well as considerable 
 economy. 
 
 The business abilities of the board, were employed on this busi- 
 ness of the county's, to the same extent as would have been ex- 
 erted, had it been some of the private affairs, of their own. The 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 411 
 
 cost of the steel clad cells, with the necessary fixtures, and the 
 expense of putting them in place, was the greatest part of the out- 
 lay, being $3500. 
 
 The entire cost of residence, jail and everything, foots up to 
 $8,885, but the outlay has been not wasted, and the county has 
 received full value for it money. 
 
 The jail is one of the best and most complete, for one of its size, 
 in the northwest. The edifice is built of brick, the walls being 
 very heavy and thick, and measures 22x24 feet, and thirteen feet 
 high. A thick jjavement or floor was first made under the cells, 
 apparently burglar proof, being two feet thick and usuing some 
 five cords of stone and seventeen barrels of cement in the mak- 
 ing. 
 
 There are two cells, built of steel — or steel-clad — each six feet 
 long by eight feet wide and seven high, with a corridor between 
 five by thirteen feet in dimension. Each cell will hold four pris- 
 oners on a pinch. Above the cells is a water tank which supplies 
 a bountiful supply of water for drinking and cleansing purposes. 
 
 The cells are made of five thicknesses or plys of hardened steel 
 bars riveted together, and which are so hard that the usual bur- 
 glars, saw will make no impression on them. They are opened and 
 closed with the patent lever attachment, and the whole outfit is 
 entirely first-class. 
 
 The' unparalleled success of the financiering, of the last few 
 years, in the accounts and funds of the county, cannot be lightly 
 passed over in this connection, and could only be accomplished by 
 splendid business ability and strict integrity united to peerless 
 energy. We have it from undoubted authority, that, in 1877, when 
 the affairs of the late treasurer, Kyte, were settled up, there was an 
 
 empty treasury and a bonded indebtedness of over $20,000, as the 
 only possessions of the county. 
 
 By a rigid system of economy, and an ability of financiering 
 not often displayed, at least in public affairs, without raising the 
 rate of taxation, the poor farm has been established, the jail built 
 and paid for, the bonded indebtedness reduced to a merely nom- 
 inal sum, county warrants brought to par, and money in the 
 treasury to anticipate the current wants of the county. This is 
 
412 
 
 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 unparalleled in the annals of any county in the state. The tax- 
 ation is less, and has been so, for the past few years, than ever be- 
 fore, and is still decreasing. 
 
 These things are here spoken of, as many people are not aware, 
 Qr at least are not cognizant, of the entire facts, and truth demands 
 that the gentlemen, who have engineered the finances of the 
 county for the last few years, should have all the honor and praise 
 for their ability, business tact and integrity. With such men as 
 L. T. Emmons, James Oakley, A. G. Hubbard, Thomas McCook 
 aud Chas. Keefe at the helm and the true eye of John E. Peck, as 
 auditor, to look out for breakers, the people of Howard county 
 may rest assured that their interests will not suifer: 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 413 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Educational; County Schools; Teachers; County Superin- 
 tendents; Institutes; Census Returns eor 1860, 1870, 1875 
 AND 1880, Etc. 
 
 educational 
 Howard county, considered from an educational stand-point, 
 takes very high rank, among the sisterhood of counties. The 
 statistics show that in 1882, as taken from the report oT the county 
 superintendent, there were in the county 3,235 children within the 
 county, between the ages of five twenty-one years divided as 
 follows : 
 
 Afton township, 389; Chester, 172; Forest City (out districts), 
 141; Lime Springs station, 197; Howard, 248; Howard Center, 
 153; Jamestown (outside district), 122; Riceville, 32; New Oregon, 
 365; Oakdale, 136; Paris, 285; Saratoga , 134; Vernon Springs 
 (outside districts), 211; Cresco, 419; Albion, 253. 
 
 Thre are enrolled in the county, out of these 2,864 scholars as 
 attendants at the various schools, and the attendence is above the 
 usual average by several per cent. 
 
 There are seventy-eight frame, three brick, and three stone 
 school houses in the county and altogether valued at $58,630, some 
 quite commodious and pretentious in architecture and many 
 of them worth from $2,000 dollars upwards and one, that at 
 Cresco, one of the best in northern Iowa, valued at $14,000. 
 
414 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 Quite a number are supplied with expensive apparatus, and five 
 report having libraries, one with 2,500, and another, 1,500 vol- 
 umes contained therein. 
 
 There are forty -six male and ninety female teachers, employed 
 at an average compensation of $38, for males and $26 for females, 
 although some of each receive quite respectable salaries. The 
 great fault with Howard county, as with many others, is the pay- 
 ing of such small salaries, to their instructors, which is of itself 
 reprehensible, for it keeps many truly competent people out of 
 the ranks and leaves to mediocrity alone the task of teaching the 
 rising generation. 
 
 When this mistaken policy,- and false economy is done away 
 
 ' with the school systen) will be complete but under the present 
 
 rule, salaries are so small in many instances, as to be less than can 
 
 be earned at any other employment, and people have got through 
 
 working for glory. 
 
 The cost of tuition varies largely in each township, parti 3^ owing 
 to some of them having a sparsely settled community, and but few 
 children attending the school. We give the average cost per pupil 
 by townships, and for the independent districts of Cresco, Lime 
 Springs and Riceville and others. 
 
 Oakville independent district $ 1 85 
 
 Libert]!^ « " 2 05 
 
 Lincoln " " 2 85 
 
 Niciiols " " 2 38 
 
 Darrow " " 1 07 
 
 Albion " " 2 50 
 
 Florenceville " " 2 16 
 
 Cresco " " 99 
 
 LimeSprings " " 1 17 
 
 Riceville " " J 41 
 
 Forest city township " 3 26 
 
 Oakdale " 2 25 
 
 Jamestown " 2 75 
 
 Saratoga " 1 80 
 
 Howard Centre " 2 50 
 
 Chester " 2 50 
 
 Howard • " 2 46 
 
 Afton " 1 46 
 
 Vernon Springs " 4 00 
 
HISTOKY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 417 
 
 Paris township 2 16 
 
 NewOregon " 2 43 
 
 The first county superintendent of public schools, we have any 
 record of, is C. E. Brown who seems to have held the position 
 prior to 1858, but of this fact -it is not certain, however; the list is 
 as follows: 
 
 C. E. Brown, from 1858 to 1861. 
 
 Adam Fussell, from 1861, until September, 1862, when he re- 
 signed, and the board appointed T. W. Lee, who held from 1861 
 to 1869. 
 
 C. F. Breckenridge, from 1869 to 1878. 
 
 O. N. Hoyt, from 1873 to 1877. 
 
 W. H. Brocksome, from 1877 to 1879. 
 
 Fred C. Clark, from 1879, and present officer. 
 
 The first normal institute held within the county, of which 
 there exist any record, was during the spring of 1876. This was 
 couducted by J. C. Gilchrist, of St. Paul, assisted by J. Brecken- 
 ridge, of Decorah, a-nd Miss Addie Bucklin. 
 
 There seems to be a hiatus existing in the records of these in- 
 stitutes, for the next we can find any account of, was held at Cresco, 
 in 1880, there were enrolled fourteen male and sixty-nine female 
 attendant teachers. J. Breckenridge, of Decorah, Avas conductor, 
 assisted by R. S. Holway, Rev. S. G. Smith, A. S. Benedict and 
 A. E. Anderson. 
 
 In 1881 was held the next with L. T. Weld, the efficient princi- 
 pal of the Cresco school, as conductor, assisted by Geo. Chandler, 
 C. H. Valder, Mrs. Weld and among the lectures was Carl Von 
 Coelln, the state superintendent of public instruction. 
 
 At the institute of 1882, L. T. Weld was conductor as before, 
 assisted by R. G. Young, with Mrs. M. H. Hunt, and S. P. Leland 
 as lecturers. The attendance was sixteen male and sixty-seven 
 female. 
 
 The following circular, issued as we go to press, by the county 
 superintendent, explains itself: 
 
 "To Teachers and Those Intending to Teach: 
 
 The annual teacher's normal institute, of Howard county, for 
 1883, will be held in the public school building, at Cresco, com- 
 mencing March 19th and continuing two weeks. 
 
 The institute will be conducted by Prof. L. T. Weld, of Cresco, 
 
418 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 and Prof. J. Breckenridge, of Decorah. All who intend to teach 
 are cordially invited to come the first day, and remain during the 
 entire session. The benefit derived from attending the institutes, 
 are fully appreciated by all progressive teachers, and we feel con- 
 fident that they will attend if it is possible for them to do so. In 
 order, however, to reach some who have been teaching several 
 terms, without making any visible improvement, and who seem to 
 be satisfied if they can get a second or third grade certificate 
 (renewed), we feel compelled to say: that no third, or second grade 
 certificate will be renewed; and those who fail to attend the 
 institute must expect to pass a most rigid examination if they 
 continue to teach. Our state superintendent, Hon. J. W. Akers, 
 will deliver a lecture before the institute. An examination will be 
 held at the close of the institute. Hoping to meet you all on the 
 first day of the institute, I remain yours respectfully, 
 
 F. C. Clark, County Superintendent. 
 
 There are now in the county one hundred and fifty-seven 
 teachers, who hold the following certificates: 
 
 First grade, 13 males, and 2o females; second grade, 22 males, 
 and 51 females; third grade, 1'.: males, and 36 females. 
 
 While in 1880 there were about one hundred, out of which 
 number sixty-six held first grade certificates, but by raising the 
 standard of examination the number has been decreased, but the 
 grade has gained in efficiency. The description of the school 
 houses of Cresco and Lime Springs may be found under the 
 respective heads of those towns. 
 
 CENSUS. 
 
 According to the United States census of 1860, the county of 
 Howard, state of Iowa, contained 3168 inhabitants, of all ages, 
 sexes, and colors. 
 
 The following table is a slight abstract from the census of 1870, 
 of Howard county, as made by the United States: 
 
 Number of white inhabitants 6,270 
 
 Number of colored inhabitants 12 
 
 Number of acres improved land 44,235 
 
 Number of horses 2,175 
 
 Number of mules :... 37 
 
 Number of milch cows 2,734 
 
 Number of working oxen 431 
 
I 
 
 J 
 
 j 
 
 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY, 41& j 
 
 \ 
 
 Number of sheep 1,648 | 
 
 Number of swine 2,640 | 
 
 Number of bushels of wheat raised 321,514 j 
 
 Number of bushels of corn raised 120,234 1 
 
 Number of bushels of oats raised 263,258 i 
 
 Number of bushels of barley raised 13,357 '' 
 
 Number of bushels of potatoes raised 30,713 i 
 
 Number of tons of hay made 14,880' 
 
 Number of pounds of butter made 408,351 I 
 
 Number of pounds of cheese made 4,476 •] 
 
 Number of pounds of wool raised 5,153 
 
 We also find that the value of property in the county is returned, i 
 
 in 1870, as follows : ) 
 Total assessed value, of all real and personal 
 
 estate $1,426,727 1 
 
 Total true value of all real and personal estate 4,131,132 j 
 
 Total taxes levied in the county 45,754 , 
 
 The manufacturing interests of Howard county are represented, 
 for 1870, as follows: 
 
 Number of manufacturing establishments 32 
 
 Number of hands employed 69 ! 
 
 Capital employed $54,350 ' 
 
 Wages paid 8,310 ! 
 
 Material used..... 52,279 : 
 
 Products 86,292 • : 
 
 In 1875 the census, as returned to the sixteenth general asembly 
 of the state of Iowa, shows, as follows: 
 
 White male inhabitants in county 4,199 j 
 
 White female inhabitants in county 3,647 j 
 
 Colored male inhabitants 18 j 
 
 Colored female inhabitants 11 
 
 Number of horses in county 3,433 
 
 Number of mules 58 
 
 Number of milch cows 4,358 
 
 Number of work oxen 279 
 
 Number of other cattle • 8,018 
 
 Number of hogs 5,777^ ( 
 
 Number of sheep 1,605 j 
 
 Number of acres of improved land in the county. 115,823- i 
 
s 
 
 420 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 There was raised in Howard county, and sold during the yeax 
 
 1874, products of the farm and dairy, as follows:" 
 
 Bushels, 
 
 Wheat 582,803 
 
 Corn 307,912 
 
 Oats 340;268 
 
 Barley 34,047 
 
 Buckwheat 1 ,251 
 
 Potatoes 62,472 
 
 Turnips 11,729 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 Butter., .' 323,116 
 
 Cheese (not factory) 16,671 
 
 Wool 6,663 
 
 « I Tons. 
 
 Hay 21,905 
 
 Below we give the census of the number of inhabitants in 
 
 Howard county, by townships, for the year 1880: 
 
 Albion \ 620 
 
 Afton 661 
 
 Chester 391 
 
 Cresco (town) 1201 
 
 Forest City 941 
 
 Howard 381 
 
 Vernon Springs 752 
 
 Howard Center 381 
 
 Jamestown 389 
 
 New Oregon 1153 
 
 Oakdale 255 
 
 Paris 571 
 
 Saratoga 179 
 
 Total 7875 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 421 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Vernon Springs Township; Location; Early Settlement; Vil- 
 lage OF Vernon Springs; First Store, Saw Mill, Grist 
 Mill, Churches and Schools; Cresco; Rise and Progress;" 
 Early Merchants, Churches, Newspapers and Present 
 State of Societies, Churches, Schools and General Busi- 
 ness. Records of School Board of Independent District 
 OF Cresco. 
 
 VERNON SPRINGS TOWNSHIP. 
 
 H. D. Noble in an article published in the Cresco Times of July 6, 
 1876 gives the following in regard to Vernon Springs township 
 which is made from township ninety-nine, range eleven. 
 
 "The first settlement was made by Oren Sprague, who built the 
 first saw mill in Howard county, at the head of the grove on Tur- 
 key river, near what was later the town of Vernon Springs in the 
 
 year 1853. William Harlow, Noonan, Thomas Fitzgerald 
 
 and Thomas Granathan also took up claims about the same time 
 in this precinct. The year after James G. Upton, first county 
 judge, E. Gillett, first county clerk, M. G. Goss, M. L. Shook (on a 
 claim taken first by Woodworth, alias "Old Frosty," of Decorah.C 
 
422 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 In August 1854, H. Blodgett and J. M. Fields came into this 
 precinct as permanant settlers. 
 
 Mr. Noble further says; "There is no hesitancy calling this town- 
 ship the most beautiful of all Howard county, being a succession 
 of groves and prairies, more equal in distribution than any other 
 section; well watered by numberless springs and spring streams; 
 more good dry tillable land, with convenient spring courses for 
 stock raising and grass growing — being at that point of the great 
 military ridge running from McGregor northwest, where the 
 knolls gradually roll into level prairie — it is par excellence the 
 township of Howard county. It contains the villiage of 
 
 VERNON SPRINGS. 
 
 Here the saw mill of Sprague had soon a neighbor for in 1854, 
 Henry Milder, erected a store which was known as the "blue store." 
 
 The saw mill has long since given way to the extensive grist 
 mill and saw mill erected by A. H. Harris, on its site, being the 
 first mill (grist) erected in the county, and one that brought cus- 
 tomers from the west and the northwest the full distance of a 
 hundred miles or more. The store mentioned has given way to 
 new ones, in 1859 the village contained two stores, one extensive 
 distillery with brewery, steam saw and grist mill combined, one 
 water grist mill and saw mill, one tannery, two blacksmith shops, 
 one shoe shop, one wagon shop one hotel, and an unfinished school 
 house. The professional men at that time were, one doctor J. H. 
 Bowers and one lawyer F. Belfoy. 
 
 The Babtist church was organized in 1857 with C. E. Brown as 
 pastor. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal church dates its organization from 1858 
 Rev's Fall, Waterburg and Young being among the early pastors. 
 
 The county seat was located at Vernon Springs in August 1855, 
 by James G. Upton, county judge. 
 
 The township was organized in 1855, J. F. Thayer and C. S. 
 Thurber being elected justices of the peace The first school in the 
 precinct was taught by Aaron Kimball in 1857 — 8. 
 
 Although the village ofVernon Springs once occupied a conspic- 
 uous place in the county, and bade fair to grow into a large and 
 thriving town, the rising glories of Cresco, so near it on the line of 
 the railroad, so dimmed its light that it has gently settled back 
 until a view of it calls to mind some thoughts of Goldsmiths, 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 423 
 
 "deserted village" — verily its glory hath departed. The present 
 county seat and largest and most important town in the county is 
 the city of 
 
 CRESCO • 
 
 which is located on portions of section 22, 23, 26 and 27 of this 
 township, and is one of the liveliest and most flourishing of all the 
 prairie cities. 
 
 The land, upon which this town now stands, was entered at the 
 general land office in September, 1856, by Horace Barber, as the 
 records show. In October, 1857; it was sold by him to M. L. 
 Shook, who after holding it for some nine years, again sold it to 
 Augustus Beadle during the month of April, 1866, who sold apart 
 interest in it to W. B. Strong and B. H. Edgertown, and who 
 immediately had it platted and laid out into town lots, the plat 
 being placed upon record June 12, the same year. Several addit- 
 ions have since been added, necessitated by the surprising growth 
 of the town, of which the most important are, Beadle Strong and 
 Hungerford's, on the remaining portion of section 25; Baldwin's 
 on the south-east quarter of section twenty-four; and Beadle's on 
 the north-west quarter of section twenty -six. 
 
 Of its early settlement but little can be said. The old Greek 
 Mythology told how Minerva sprang full armed from the head 
 of Jove and thus it seems with the birth of Cresco that sprung into 
 being a full fledged city. A bald prairie, which had been covered 
 with the waving grain the season before, in June 1866 was covered 
 with buildings, and the town made quite an appearance as such; 
 so marvelous was its rapid rise — even in these days of mushroom 
 growth — that it stands without a parallel in the country. We find 
 among the first merchants of the town, who settled there on its 
 first inaugeration. Strother and Kirkpatrick, who were large 
 dealers in general merchandise; Bones and White, dry goods; J. J. 
 Clemmer, drugs, paints and oils; B. Chapin, stoves and hardware; 
 G. A. Purdy, stores; Burdick and Clouse, genaral merchandise; 
 Price and Lowry, drugs and medicines; W. H. Alleman; boots and 
 shoes; Perry and Conklin, agricultural machinery; Mrs. J. T. 
 Donahugh, millinery and fancy goods. There were also at the 
 same time the following parties in business in the town B. Isaacs, 
 manufacturer of buggies, wagons, etc. ; Parnell and Myers, black- 
 smiths; D. Beam and F. Miller, harness makers; Mrs. F. H. 
 
424 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 I 
 
 Jewett, photographer; Mrs Knowles and Co., milliner and dress- 
 makers, and E. B. Sloan merchant taylor. The earliest physicians 
 to locate at this point were N. H. Knowles,M.D. and J.J. Clemmer, 
 M- D- who attended to the wants of the sick and hurt of the com- 
 munity, the latter gentleman, has "served his country" several 
 times in an ofiicial manner, being for several terms, county coroner, 
 and still resides in the town, and engaged in the practice of 
 his profession, and ownes and operates a large drug store in con- 
 nection therewith. 
 
 The hotel interest was also well represented at the time as we find 
 the record of two good houses in the year 1867. 
 
 The Empire house, then engineered by J. DeNoyelles, now of 
 the town Nashua; and the Durham house. 
 
 About all the lawyers, whose names we find in the early 
 records, are W. R. Mead and H. A. Goodrich, we know that there 
 were more for what town is there in all the broad expanse of our 
 native land, of a thousand inhabitants, that cannot boast of more 
 than two of the bright lights of the bar. 
 
 In the early part of 1868, the question of incorporation came to 
 the front, and, after some agitation, seemed to meet the views of 
 the majority and an election was ordered for city officers, and 
 Isaac Gregory, was chosen mayor, on April 20th, that year; the 
 other ofiicers elected were: 
 
 W. R. Mead, recorder; Henry Widner, attorney; B. Chapin, 
 treasurer; L. T. Woodcock, J. J. Clemmer, John C. Clark and John 
 E. Peck, as councilmen. 
 
 The officers of the city, in 1875 were as follows: J. F. Webster, 
 Mayor; Henry Widner, recorder; H. Clark, treasurer; H. C. Mc- 
 Carty, attorney; with H. E. Crandall, John E. Peck, G. W. Coon, 
 Fred Miller and Jacob J. Lowry as council. 
 
 The city was controlled by the following officers, in 1882: Frank 
 Sayre, mayor; F. A. Glass, recorder; with C. F. Webster, John B. 
 Caward, William Wilbraham, Isaac Gregory, J. G. Doane and 
 Henry Young as the the city council 
 
 At this writiting (March, 1883) the election for city officers has 
 just resulted in the choice of following : 
 
 R. J. McHugh, mayor; A. F. Baumgartner, recorder; W. K. 
 Barker, attorney; P. Connolly, treasurer; M, Luther, assessor; E. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 425 
 
 H. Donahugh, street commissioner; and J. J. Lowr.v, H. C. Bur- 
 gess and C. Frank Stremel, as members of the council. 
 
 Almost the first thing to do, it seems, when a new town is form- 
 ed, is to institute a school, and in this respect Cresco is, in no wise, 
 an exception, as it is recorded that a school was opened, during 
 the first winter of the town's existence, in the building afterwards 
 known as the private residence of Mrs. Bateman. 
 
 The independent school district of Cresco, seems to have been 
 formed during the year 1869, but of this there exists no records, 
 "to make assurance doubly sure." Of all that remains, we have 
 carefully gone over, and find that the niinutes of the first board of 
 school directors are dated December, 1871. The board then con- 
 sisted of the following gentlemen: Augustus Beadle, E. Gillett, W. 
 R. Mead, S. A. Stone, and W. H. Patterson. In January, 1872, 
 the new board elected, consisted of Augustus Beadle, S. A. Stone, 
 W. H. Patterson, D. W. Owen, W. R. Meade and E. Gillette, with 
 Chas. I. White as secretary. 
 
 This board, at a session held Macrh 4, appropriated some four 
 hundred dollars to purchase four lots, next to the school house 
 lots, so as to give larger grounds for that edifice. 
 
 The election for officers of the above board, March 18, resulted 
 in placing Augustus Beadle in the chair; John E. Peck as treas- 
 urer; and Chas. I. White, secretary, as before. The board after 
 organizing as above, immediately proceeded to levy a tax of ten 
 mills on the dollar for the school house fund. 
 
 Here it may be in order to make the statement that the main 
 part of the present school building was erected ' of stone, during, 
 the summer of 1869, and cost in the neighborhood of $8,000. The' 
 connection will be perceptible when it is seen that this special levy 
 of tax was for the purpose of building an additional wing. It 
 would seem from the records, that during this year, the teachers 
 were Mrs. Archer and Miss Nellie Phelps, together with L. T. 
 Weld as principal. 
 
 At a meeting of the school board, held December 3d, 1872, it 
 was 
 
 Resolved, That each and every member of the school board be 
 required to visit the school, at least once a month, under penalty 
 of buying the oysters* for said school board. 
 
426 HISTORY OP HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 And the resolution apparently clinches the matter by adding 
 "that the said oysters shall be good ones." 
 
 The board, at the meeting of March 17, 1873, consistad of A. 
 Beadle, president; John E. Peck, treasurer; C. I. \¥hite, secretary; 
 E. Gillett, S. A. Stone, C. V. Jacobs, C. B. Sampson, John Farns- 
 worth and W. R. Mead. 
 
 At <>Bj"s meeting the resignation of Miss Nellie Phelps, as teacher, 
 was handed in and accepted, and Mrs. L. T. Weld was appointed 
 to fill the vacancy. Contracts were also signed with L. T. Weld, 
 Mrs. Weld, Miss^Lockwood and Miss Nichols, as teachers for the 
 ensiling year, and also wtih Miss Lucy Thurber for fall term of 
 1873. 
 
 The accommodations for school purposes seems to have proved 
 insufficient, the board appointed a committee, in August, 1873, to 
 procure or build a room suitable for the purpose intended, that of 
 establishing the primary school, separate from other grades. This 
 committee reported, on September 21st following, that they had 
 rented a room of Mr. Jackson, and fitted it up for the use of the 
 said primary grade; and that the same was installed therein. 
 
 We find that the board, March 16, 1874, consisted of the follow- 
 ing gentlemen: 
 
 E. Gillett, president; John E, Peck, treasurer; C. I. White, sec- 
 retary; C. V. Jacobs, John Farnsworth, C. B. Samson, S. A. Stone 
 and W. H. Patterson. 
 
 The report of the treasurer, of the school money was received 
 March 16, 1874, and shows as follows: 
 
 On hand, in school house fund $1,333 32 
 
 On hand in teachers' fund 453 00 
 
 .On hand in contingent fund 162 18 
 
 Total $1,939 50 
 
 T5y resolution, April 6, 1874, the board instructed the clerk to 
 issue the notice of a special election to order a tax to help build 
 additional school house room. And on May 11, the following 
 were named a committee to make plans and specifications for a 
 wing to the school house, 28x52 feet, and also for the same to ad- 
 vertise for bids for the construction of the same: S. A. Stone, E. 
 'Gillett, C. I. White and John E. Peck. 
 
 This was accordingly done, and the fine additional wing on the 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 427 
 
 west side of the main building was erected the same year, under 
 their supervision, at a total cost of about $4,000. This gave the 
 necessary room, and the separate system was abandoned, and the 
 primary grade was restored to its place, in the same building,with 
 the others; placing all unde.i the controlling influence of the prin- 
 cipal. The building was now large enough, for the time being, 
 but as will be found farther on, it in time was considered too 
 small, and another wing was added. 
 
 June 1, 1874, G. M. Harris was elected a member of the board, 
 to fill the vacancy caused by the removal of C. B. Smith from the 
 town. 
 
 The salaries of the teachers of the district are defined this year 
 as being, principal, $1,000 for the first year, and $1,200 every suc- 
 ceeding year; first assistant, $450 first year, $500 succeeding years; 
 second assistant, $350 first year, $400 per year afterwards; assist- 
 ants in the intermediate departments, $400 first year, and $450 
 thereafter; first assistant in the primary grade, $400 the first year, 
 $450 after; second assistant in same department, $350 the first 
 year, with an increase of $50 the succeeding years. 
 
 The roll of teachers this year is, L. T. Weld, principal; Miss 
 Addie E. Bucklin, first assistant; Mrs. Nichols, Miss Nichols and 
 Miss Lucy Thurber. 
 
 The board- of 1875 when convened, comprised the following list: 
 S. A. "Stone, president; John E. Peck, treasurer; Charles I. White, 
 secretary; John Farnsworth, C. V. Jacobs, W. H. Patterson, P. T. 
 Searles and C. F. Breckenridge. 
 
 The following is the roll of teachers in 1875: 
 
 L. T. Weld, principal; Mrs. L. T. Weld, Mrs. Nichols, MissSim- 
 onds, Miss Lucy Thurber and Miss Addie E. Barnes. 
 
 At the annual meeting, September, 1875, the members of the 
 board present were, S. A. Stone, president; L. T. Woodcock, 
 treasurer; Charles I. White, Secretary; P. T. Searles, John Farns- 
 worth, C. V. Jacobs, C. F. Breckenridge, W. H.- Patterson. 
 
 Board for 1877 consisted of John Farnsworth, president; L. T. 
 Woodcock, treasurer; C. I. White, secretary; C. F. Breckenridge, 
 P. T. Searles, C. V. Jacobs, Daniel Piatt and C. F. Webster. 
 
 In 1878 the following was the composition of the board of 
 directors : 
 
 C. V. Jacobs, president; L. T. Woodcock, treasurer; Charles I. 
 
428 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 White, secretary, with C. F. Breckenridge, C. F. Webster, Daniel 
 
 Piatt, L. E. Smith, and W. H. Patterson. 
 
 The roll of the teachers for the same year is given, as follows: 
 L. T. Weld, principal; Mrs. L. T. Weld, Mrs. Nichols, Miss 
 
 Viola Webster, Miss Kittle Harris, teachers, with one vacancy. 
 
 Under date of June 10, 1878, a resolution is found, instructing 
 the secretary to call a special election of the voters of the district, 
 to authorize the board to issue bonds to build another wing to the 
 school house. The election was held, and it was found that the 
 people of the city had the necessary confidence to make the 
 authorization. The bonds were accordingly issued, and C. V. 
 Jacobs and Daniel Ratt were appointed a committee to put in the 
 foundation for the east wing of the school house. This was built 
 at a cost of $200, the board entering into a contract with J. ¥. 
 Mitchell, he agreeing to erect the same for that sum. 
 
 In the fall of 1878 the contract was likewise let for the erection 
 of the building, S. H. Clark being the contractor, whose bid for 
 $2,928 was the lowest and best. 
 
 The school board for the year 1879 consisted of the following 
 gentlemen : 
 
 J. F. Donahugh, H. E. Lomas, Daniel Piatt, L. E. Smith, W. H. 
 Patterson, with C. F. Webster as president; L. T. Woodcock, 
 treasurer, and C. I. White, secretary. 
 
 During March, 1880, the new board of school directors assumed 
 the control, and consisted of the following gentlemen: 
 
 L. E. Smith, president; L. T. Woodcock, treasurer; Charles I. 
 White, secretary; Daniel Piatt, H. E. Lomas, W. H. Patterson, and 
 J. F. Donahugh. No better board could have occupied the re- 
 sponsible position. 
 
 By a resolution the salary, of the principal, L. T. Weld, was 
 made $1,200 per year, and that of all the assistants made a uniform 
 rate of $35 per month. 
 '- It was during this year that the first class, under the present 
 rule and grade* was graduated with all the honors. The occasion 
 was made a season of festivity and rejoicing in a sober, intellectual 
 way. The ceremonies and the entertainment furnished by the 
 exercises are spoken of by many to this day. 
 
 January, 1881, it was found, as the money market had grown 
 easier and the rate for the use of moneys had become less, that 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 429 
 
 the bonds of the independent school district of Cresco could be 
 refunded at six per cent., and the board passed a resolution, 
 instructing the clerk to proceed to do so immediately. The matter 
 was soon adjusted on this basis, and some money was saved to the 
 treasury by the action. 
 
 In March, of the same year, the new board was organized, as 
 follows : 
 
 L. E. Smith, president; L. T. Woodcock, treasurar; C. I. White, 
 secretary; H. E. Lomas, Daniel Piatt, J. F. Donahugh, John 
 Farnsworth, and C. F. Webster. 
 
 Six lots were purchased by the district, in October, 1882, of 
 Augustus Beadle, in the school house block, for the sum of $350, 
 giving the children a fine, large play-ground, and adding to the 
 beauty of the surroundings of the school house. 
 
 The following is an abstract from the report of the treasurer of 
 the independent school district of Cresco, delivered to the board 
 at their meeting held March 20, 1882. 
 
 Annual report of money's received and paid out by the treasurer, 
 for the year ending February 28, 1882: 
 
 SCHOOL HOUSE FUND. 
 
 Dr. Cr. , 
 To amount received of county treasurer.$l,702.13 
 By 'amount overpaid at date of last re- 
 port... 423.74 
 
 By amount paid on bonds and interest.. 772.00 
 
 By amount on hand , 506.39 
 
 Totals 11,702.13 $1,702.13 
 
 teacher's fund. 
 
 •To amount on hand at last report $ 511.19 
 
 To amount received of county treasurer. 3,215.53 
 To amount received from apportion- 
 ment 610.74 
 
 To amount received from tuition 233.25 
 
 By amount paid teachers $4,073.27 
 
 By amount on hands 497.44 
 
 Totals $4,570.71 $4,570.71 
 
430 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. • 
 
 CONTINGENT FUND. 
 
 To amount on hand at last report 17 88 
 
 To amount received of county treas- 
 urer 1167 06 
 
 To amount overpaid 224 23 
 
 By amount paid janitor 350 00 
 
 By amount paid secretary 50 00 
 
 By amount paid insurance 106 00 
 
 By amount paid for wood 412 15 
 
 By amount paid for old orders 234 28 
 
 By amount paid for repairs, etc 256 74 
 
 Total '. $1409 17 $1409 17 
 
 The present board, at this writing (March 10, 1883.) is composed 
 as follows: 
 
 L. E. Smith, president; L. T. Woodcock, treasurer; Charles I. 
 White, secretary; C. F. Webster, John Farnsworth, Daniel Piatt, 
 R. J. McHugh, and Doan. 
 
 There was in 1879 a bonded indebtedness of the district school 
 house fund afloat, amounting to $5,000, which with the interest 
 for that year $350, and indebtedness of the other funds of $316.67, 
 made a grand total of $5,666.67, as the incumbrance upon the 
 property belonging thereto. 
 
 But by judicious management, and real financial ability, the 
 board have reduced the whole debt to about $1,500, and that with 
 some money in the treasury. 
 
 For all the above information we are under obligations to the 
 kindness and courtesey of county treasurer, C. I. White, who is 
 also secretary of the school board, and it is no more than just that 
 we should render the proper acknowledgement. 
 
 The following is the" annual report of moneys received and paid 
 out by the treasurer of the independent school district of Cresco, 
 for the year ending February 28, 1883: 
 
 SCHOOL HOUSE FUND. 
 
 On hand at date of last report $ $ 506 89 
 
 Received of county treasurer 1399 99 
 
 Paid on bonds....' 1225 00 
 
 Balance on hand 681 66 
 
 1906 66 1906 66 
 
history of howard county. 431 
 
 teachers' fund. 
 
 On hand at date of last report $ $ 497 34 
 
 Received of county treasurer 2797 60 
 
 Received of state appropriation... 534 66 
 
 Received of Vernon Springs 142 00 
 
 Received of tuition 235 57 
 
 Paid on teachers' order 4203 50 
 
 Balance on hand 3 67 
 
 4207 17 4207 17 
 contingent fund. 
 
 By county treasurer $ $ 941 00 
 
 By Vernon Springs 73 00 
 
 By other sources 13 50 
 
 To amount over paid at date of 
 last report 224 18 
 
 To amount paid janitor 450 00 
 
 To amount paid for the school 
 
 grounds 350 00 
 
 To amount paid for sidewalks and 
 
 repairs 147 29 
 
 To amount paid for school furni- 
 ture 22 65 
 
 To &,mount paid for wood and 
 
 other expenses 331 74 
 
 By amount overpaid 498 36 
 
 1525 86 . 1525 86 
 
 ESTIMATE OF EXPENSES FOR THE COMING YEAR. 
 
 School house fund $ 1200 00 
 
 Teachers fund 3000 00 • 
 
 Contingent fund 1500 00 
 
 15700 00 
 C. I. White, L. E. Smith, 
 
 Secretary. President. 
 
 The following is the course of study for the high school grade in 
 the Cresco school. It is given as a specimen of the high class of 
 education and culture given at this temple of knowledge. 
 
432 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 JUNIOR YEAR — FIRST TERM. 
 
 Latin or review of English grammar. 
 Arithmetic or Phyisology. \ 
 
 SECOND TERM. 
 
 Latin or Word analysis. 
 Elementary Algebra. 
 Physiology, one-half term. 
 Physical Geography, one-half term. 
 
 THIRD TERM. 
 
 Latin or drawing. 
 Elementary Algebra. 
 Physical Geography. 
 
 MIDDLE YEAR — FIRST TERM. 
 
 Latin or Chemistry 
 
 Elementary Algebra. | 
 Natural Philosophy. 
 
 SECOND TERM. 
 
 I 
 
 Latin or Zoology. ; 
 
 Rhetoric and composition. ! 
 
 Natural Philosophy, one-half term. , ' 
 
 Constitution of the United States, one-half term. j 
 
 THIRD TERM. ■ 
 
 Latin or Geology. j 
 
 Rhetoric and composition. j 
 Geometry. 
 
 SENIOR YEAR — FIRST TERM. 
 
 Latin or Asti*bnomy. ' 
 English and American literature. • I 
 
 Geometry and higher Algebra. ' 
 
 SECOND TERM. 
 
 Latin or Book-keeping. j 
 
 General History. j 
 Higher Algebra. 
 
 THIRD TERM. ' 
 
 I 
 
 Latin or Political economy. \ 
 
 Botan3\ i 
 
 General History. 
 
 Elocution and Composition throughout the- course. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 435 
 
 RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. 
 
 "We are told as early as 1855, the IMethodists held religious ser- 
 vices at Vernon Springs, as is detailed elsewhere. 
 
 The first church edifice erected in the town of Cresco, was of 
 this denomination , and was built during the year 1866. It is a 
 neat iranie structure, capable of seating about three hundred peo- 
 ple, and is furnished in good style. The cost of the building, as 
 originally constructed, was about $3,000. For the first few years 
 it appears that the services w^ere held by the preachers on the cir- 
 cuit, but in 1870 the church was made a station, and a regular 
 pastor was among the appointments, Rev. J. Riddington appears 
 to be the first of these. 
 
 The date of his first efforts being 1870. He held the position 
 but a short time, when he was succeeded by Rev. C. F. McLain, 
 who was succeeded by Rev. W. H. Brocksome. 
 
 This gentleman was quite a favorite with his congregation and the 
 communitj^ generally, and remained as pastor of the flock, until 
 1874, w'hen he was displaced by Rev. J. Dulph, who occupied the 
 pulpit until October, 1876, when Rev. J. L. Paine took his place. 
 Rev. George Elliott was the next, and the date of his a]'pointment, 
 appears as being .January 1, 1880. He held this until December 
 1. 1881, when the present pastor, G. W. Pratt succeeded him. 
 There is a fine Sabbath school connected with the church, which 
 has ai'air regular attendance. 
 
 EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 Tliis church society was organized, July 20, 1867, under the 
 name of Grace church. 
 
 The first rector was the Rev. J. Ram bo, to whose untiring 
 energy the church owes its existence. The church edifice was 
 erected during the year 1868, and is a neat and handsome struc- 
 ture 24x34 feet in size, and is capable of seating some one bundled 
 and fifty persons. 
 
 The funds for the building of the church, some S2.200, was 
 mostly contributed by friends of the same denomination in the 
 east. The bell was a donation from the famous banker, Jay Cooke, 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 There is a fine, pleasant parsonage, connected with the church. 
 Rev. C. S. Percival, is the present rector. 
 
 The Congregational church of Cresco, is an outgrowth of the 
 
436 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 church at New Oregon, or more properly speaking is the same 
 church removed to its new quarters. September 7, 1856, Rev. 
 J. W. Windsor, organized the the church at New Oregon. 
 
 The infant organization numbered sixteen members at its incep- 
 tion, it grew and strengthened with years, and became the leading 
 church. 
 
 Mr. Windsor remained pastor, until 1866, and then resigned 
 and was succeeded by Rev. S. D. Peet, who, however, did not long 
 stay, for we find, that during 1868, Mr. Windsor was recalled to 
 the scene of his labors. 
 
 It was during his second pastorate, that the people seeing that 
 the majority of their members were emmigrating to the neighboring 
 town of Cresco, determined upon removing the church there. 
 ' Accordingly in 1868, the building was removed to that place, 
 and enlarged by the addition of twelve feet to the front and a bel-. 
 fry erected thereon. 
 
 The reorganization of the society now became necessary and a 
 meeting was called for that purpose, and the object came into 
 effect, and the edifice dedicated October 25th, of the same year, 
 Rev. Samuel P. Sloan, McGregor, delivering the dedicatory ad- 
 dress. 
 
 In 1871, Rev. Mr. Windsor, again resigned his charge, much to 
 the dissatisfaction of the congregation, who all loved and admired 
 him; Rev. Mr. Southworth was then called to the pulpit. The 
 latter gentleman presided over the destinies of the flock, until the 
 21st of January, 1876, when Rev. A. S. McConnell was called and 
 assumed the position of spiritual guide to the congregation. His 
 initial sermon was preached about the middle of February, and 
 and was one of the finest efforts heard for some time. The church 
 continues yet. under his able ministration, and is in a flourishing 
 condition. 
 
 This society is noted as having a very fine choir, which adds to 
 the attraction of the church services, and delights the true lover 
 of fine music. 
 
 The bell that hangs in the belfry, and calls the worshipper to 
 services of the church was presented to the society by a friend in 
 New liondon, Conn., and is noted as being the first bell ever hung 
 in a church tower, Avithin the limits of Howard county. 
 
 The first or"janization of the Roman Catholic church in the 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 437 
 
 county was at New Oregon, but as the society was 
 not of long duration the records have entirely dissappeared and 
 hence the date is lost in the mists of the past. 
 
 In 1871, Rev. Father M. A. McCarty, succeeded in organizing 
 the chvirch anew. 
 
 The church edifice was erected in 1872, and is a neat specimen 
 of church architecture. It is 24x48 feet in size and cost $3,000 to 
 build. 
 
 Farther McCarty still continues to minister to the spiritual 
 wants of his flock, and is loved and revered by all, witli whom he 
 comes in contact. 
 
 The congregation is not very large, but the regularity with 
 which the duties of the church are attended speak well for their 
 devotion. 
 
 There is also a German Lutheran church organization, located 
 here who have erected a fine edifice in the eastern part of the 
 town. Of this society we have no notes. 
 
 The Baptist church of Cresco is of comparativel}' recent origin. 
 In April, 1878, a society of this denomination was organized, of 
 which Rev. E. W. Green seems to have been paster. 
 
 They had no church building but appear to have worshipped 
 in Prices hall, but with nothing like any regularity, it being of a 
 spasmodic nature, running along nicely for a few months then 
 suffering a suspension of a like time and again resuming services. 
 This gave great dissatisfaction all around, and in 1881, it was de- 
 termined to reorganize on a different basis. This was accordingly 
 done and on the ordination, of Rev. A. H. Carman, he was called 
 upon to act as the pastor. Under his able leadership, the little 
 band has grown to quite respectable proportions and is in a flour- 
 ishing condition. 
 
 In 1882 the church edifice was erected and dedicated as a house 
 of worship November 5th, of that year. This structure although 
 small in dimension, being but 28x42 feet, with a vestry 14-20, is 
 one of the finest in the city. In architecture it's a simplification of 
 the Elizabethan gothic order, and the effect produced is beautiful. 
 S. H. Clark was the contractor and erected the structure for $2,- 
 700. 
 
 Inside, the building, presents a fine appearance, with its stained 
 glass windows, making "a dim mysterious light," that superin- 
 
438 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 duces to religions thoughts. A good Sunday school is also at- 
 tached to the churcli. and is well attended and conducted and ia 
 looked upon as the nursery of the future church. 
 
 I. o. o. F. 
 
 Cresco lodge. No. 260, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was 
 organized during the spring of 187-1, with ten charter members, 
 viz: John G. Stradley, S. T. Irvine, G. M. Harris, C. S. Maxson,C. 
 F. Webster, J. F. Webster, M. S. Powall, J. J. Saulsbury, N. Pull- 
 man, and I). W. Owen. 
 
 J. G. Stradley was the first N. G., and G. M. Harris, secretary. . 
 The present ollicers are: Robert Blackman, N, G.; George Pratt, 
 V. G., and J. Welsh, secretary. 
 
 The lodge is reported to be in a tiourishing condition, nundier- 
 ing among it mau}'^ members, some of the most substantial men of 
 the county. The finances, as is usual in the order, are in excellent 
 shape, and bright days seem to be in store for it. 
 
 MASONIC. 
 
 Cresco lodge. No. 150, A. F. and A. M., is an outgrowth of the 
 New Oregon Lodge, which was moved to the town of Cresco, 
 March, 1870. 
 
 The oflicers at that time were: M. M. Moon, W. M., and W. H. 
 Patterson, secretary. 
 
 After its removal the membership increased rapidly, and we are 
 informed that the efficiency of tlie work is remarkably creditable, 
 and that the prosperous condition of the lodge is owing to the 
 energy of the master. The present secretary is G. M. Harris, and 
 the worshii)ful master, M. M. Moon. 
 
 Shih)h chapter. No. 64, R. A. M., was organized August, 1871» 
 and has a healthy growth. M. M. Moon was the first H. P., 
 and W. M. Fogo, secretar3^ 
 
 * WORKMEN. 
 
 Howard lodge. No. , A. 0. U. W., was organized July 26, 
 
 1876, and officers elected, as follows: 
 
 S. A. Stone, P. M. W.; M. M. Moon, M. W.; C. I. White, G. F.; 
 M. L. Luther, overseer; C. J. Webber, recorder; S. L. Smith, 
 receiver; C. F. Webster, financier; H. S. Loomis, guide; E. E. 
 Bertrand, I. W.; Jasper Bottsford, O. W.; B. F. Stone, M. M. 
 Moon, and C. I. White, trustees. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 439 
 
 The lodge has liad an ahnost nniutciruptcd course of success, 
 and is rated very high in stanchircl. The present ofhcers are: 
 
 Jerry Barker, P. M. W.; W. M. Wildman, M. W.; M. M. Moon, 
 foreman; W. C. Brown, overseer; Jolin Farnsworth, receiver; John 
 
 E. Peck, recorder; Geo. H. Kellogg, financiei , Frank Siiy re, guide; 
 G. B. Watts, T. W., and A. G. Genshaw, 0. W. 
 
 THE LAND LEAGUE 
 
 was organiy.ed January 2, 1882, by the C(,'l tic- American citizens, 
 who ahiiost to a man belong to it. Tlie object is to have a more 
 concerted action for the relief of their oj)j)ressed brethren, across 
 the sea, and to countenance the legal efforts of Ireland's people to 
 throw off the galling yoke of hated Albion. The oflicers are P. 
 
 F. O'Malley, president; R. J. Mcllugh, vice-president; J. H. 
 Foster, secretary, and P. Connolly, treasurer. 
 
 TEM I'EHANCK SOCIETIES. 
 
 There has been a Good Templar lodge, in Cresco, organized 
 about the year 1874, which arose, flourished and met its demise 
 along with niany other such societies. It would seem that all 
 the institutions for the improvements of the morals of a com- 
 munity, are but short-lived. Several attempts have been made to 
 resuscitate it, but have been abortive. 
 
 Social Temple of Honor was organized November 25, 1-881. 
 The presiding Templars, Miss Violet K. Truman, and J. F. 
 Webster, with Mrs. M. M. Moon, and Walter Doan, as recorders. 
 
 Tlie Father Matthew Total Abstinence Society, a temj)erance 
 organization under the ausijici.'s of the llonjim Catholic church, 
 was organized in the fall of 1874. It owes much of its success to 
 the untiring eflbrts of Father McCarty, who is ex-oflicio, the 
 leading s])irit. Although having but a small beginning it has 
 grown, grandly, and now numbers eighty-five members. The 
 officers are: 
 
 D. A. Lyons, president; Bernaid Dougherty, vice-president; 
 Daniel Barnes, secretary, and P. b\ O'Malley, treasurer. 
 
 This oi'ganization has done more good than any other temper- 
 ance body in the town, and deserves all the credit due it. 
 
 LEGION OF HONOR. 
 
 A lodge of this organization was instituted in Cresco, September 
 19, 1879, anrl is in a flourishing condition. The present oflicers 
 are: President, Wu), Win^raham; financial secretary, John E. 
 
440 HISTORY OF HOWAKD COUNTY. 
 
 Peck; recording secretaiy, C. F. Webster; treasurer, Charles I. 
 White. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
 
 As early as the winter of 1857-8 the citizens of Howard county 
 essayed to form an agricultural society, and during the summer of 
 1858 an organization Avas effected. In the fall of that year the 
 fair was held under its auspices at Howard Center. It seems, 
 however, that the country was not settled enough to support the 
 society, and the whole matter was abandoned and the organization 
 disbanded. In 1866 another effort was made in the same direc- 
 tion, and a company was formed under the same name — Howard 
 County Agricultural Society— but it suffered the same fate as its 
 predecessor, and soon was numbered with the things that were. 
 Things remained thus, until in 1871, a new organization was made, 
 and as the old saying has it, "three time is the charm," this was a 
 success and a grand one at that, in fact it is said, that no similar 
 society in the state is established on a better or more substantial 
 basis than this. Its fairs and exhibitions have been a flattering 
 success from the very beginning. The officers, in 1875, were: C. 
 F. Webster, president; John E. Peck, vice-president; John Stein- 
 man, secretary; Jesse Barljer, treasurer. The present officers are: 
 T. P. Davis, president, and C. F. Webster, secretary. 
 
 The society owns some ten acres of ground, beautifully laid 
 out, with good buildings, sheds, pens, etc., and a remarkably fine 
 floral hall. Everything owned by the company is paid for, and 
 with money in the treasury they can bid defiance to any adverse 
 fortune. 
 
 THE OLD SETTLERS SOCIETY 
 
 was organized in 1869, with Darius Seeley as president, and H. D. 
 Noble as secretary. The first annunl gathering was held the same 
 year, at Gillett's Grove, Judge M. V. Burdick delivering the 
 address. In 1871 the second meeting was held a,t Lime Springs, 
 there being none held in 1870, and was largely attended, W. 
 Dobson being the principal speaker. The society have held 
 annual meetings every year since, and is in a fine and healthy state, 
 and the gatherings are largely attended by the pioneers, who there 
 retail to each other the stories of "old times," and tell those 
 marvelous hunting yarns they so much delight in. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 441 
 
 CRESCO DRIVING PARK ASSOCIATION 
 
 was at one time one of the most successful organizations of the 
 kind in northern Iowa. It was organized in 1872, and on its 
 inception purchased some eighty acres of land about a mile from 
 the town of Cresco. 
 
 A mile track was laid out, which was said to be one of the best 
 in the state, and the grounds were enclosed. After a few years, 
 however, the interest declined, and but little is said about it at 
 present. The Howard county agricultural society own ten acres 
 in the center of the grounds, and to them is due the fact of the 
 preservation of the grounds and fences. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 In the early days of Cresco, in 1868, Aaron Kimball and John 
 Farnsworth established a banking house, under the firm name of 
 Kimball and Farnsworth, with a capital large enough for the 
 wants of the community at that time. A course of strict integrity 
 and honorable dealing has built up the concern, until, to-day, it is 
 noted ior its soundness and financial ability. The bank occupies 
 quite commodious quarters on Elm street. 
 
 In 1873 A. D. Wright established a banking house also, but it 
 was short-lived and exists no longer. 
 
 October, 1877, witnessed the opening of the Howard county 
 bank, then owned and operated by Kerby and McHugh, the latter 
 being the resident manager. After a very successful run of busi- 
 ness, in July, 1880, John McHugh purchased the interest of D. R. 
 Kerby, his partner, and under his able management and talented 
 financiering the bank has won a front rank in the moneyed in- 
 stitutions of the county. A large insurance business is also trans- 
 acted in connection with the bank, and the neat and stylish ofhce 
 on Elm street seems the beau ideal of a banking room. 
 
 ELEVATORS. 
 
 . These are among the most noteworthy institutions of Cresco. 
 One, that of Bassett, Huntting & Co., was built in 1872, at a cost 
 of $17,000, and is one of the finest steam elevators on the line of 
 the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad, and has a Ktorage 
 capacity of 50,000 bushels of grain. The other, equally fine and 
 large, is operated by Gilchrist & Co. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 It would seem that the first hotel in the town of Cresco, was the 
 
442 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 old Mansfield house, afterwards known as the DeNoyelles house.. 
 This was destroyed by fire, and on its site arose the present 
 Strother house. This is the largest of the hotels in Cresco, and 
 the town can boast of quite a number, and is one of the finest in 
 the northern part of the state. It is a large, three-story brick 
 veneered edifice, trimmed with cream colored Milwaukee brick. 
 It is large, roomy and commodious, and fitted up with all the 
 modern improvements. The building was erected in 1876, by W. 
 Strother, and was opened for business New Years night, 1877, under 
 the management of Priest and Shaw, to whom it was leased. In 
 April, 1877, however, Mr. Shaw withdrew from the partnarship, 
 going to ("harles City, D. H. Priest still retaining the lease and 
 operating the hotel, until December, 1879, when W. Strother, the 
 owner, assumed the control, which he continues to the present 
 time, meriting the encomiums of the traveling community, who so 
 largely patronize the house. A mention of the house without 
 speaking of the gentlemanly clerk, Sidney W. Hart, would be 
 like the play of Hamlet with the prince left out. 
 
 The Webster house, on upper Elm street, is likewise an old 
 landmark in the town's history, and in its early days was kept by 
 J. F. Webster, from whom it derived its name. J. J. Mason is 
 now and has been for some time the "jolly host," and the house 
 enjoys a good share of business. 
 
 The Dil worth house was erected in 1876, by John Dilworth, its 
 present owner, who has successfully conducted it since it was first 
 built. Neat and commodious, and operated in first-class style it 
 enjoys considerable popularity. 
 
 The Van Slyke house is also another of the fraternity of hotels, 
 and holds its .evel with its compeers. 
 
 SHIPMENTS. 
 
 An indication of the importance of Cresco as a shipping point, 
 will be found in the following statement: 
 
 Shipment of grain and produce from Cresco, via the Chicago, 
 Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, during the year 1882: 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 Wheat 1,791,700 
 
 Barley 3,272,940 
 
 Oats 8,979,480 " 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTS . 
 
 Corn 7/2(57,300 
 
 Potatoes 551,300 
 
 Grass seed 1,048,5(')0 
 
 Flax seed 2,214,010 
 
 Flonr 701,900 
 
 Mill feed 502,330 
 
 Dressed hogs 55,270 
 
 Hay.. 280,000 
 
 Eggs 20,140 
 
 Butter 775,570 
 
 Poultry 43,000 
 
 Horses 140,000 
 
 Horned cattle 665,500 
 
 Live hogs 3,860,000 
 
 Sheep 60,000 
 
 443 
 
444 UISTORY OF HOAVARD COUNTY. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Forest City Township; Location; Early Settlement; Organi- 
 zation; First Schools; Postoffice, Churches, and Mills; 
 Village of Lime Springs, First Settlers; Mill; Town op 
 Lime Springs Station, First jNIerchants, Mechanics, Etc.; 
 Organization and Officers; Schools, Churches, Societies, 
 Etc., Etc. 
 
 •> 
 
 Forest City formerly was known as Foreston, and occupies 
 town one hundred, range twelve, west, and is the second in the 
 northern tier of townships. For the facts, in regard to this town, 
 we are indebted to the Cresco Times. In the issue of that paper, 
 July 6, 1876 it is stated, as follows: 
 
 "The first settlers that claimed the vacant lands and homes of 
 the red men, were R. S. Buckminster, J. Knowlton, John Adam 
 and R. E. Bassett, Ben and George Gardner, Oscar Chescbro, the 
 three Mortimers and others, who all came in the year 1854. 
 
 "The precinct was organized from Vernon Springs in the fall of 
 185(3; C. S. Thuroer was elected justice of the peace, and Edward 
 Bassett, town clerk. The whole number of votes cast at this 
 -election was forty. 
 
HISTORY OK HOWARD COUNTY. 445 
 
 'The first school in the township wns taught l)y Miss Helen 
 Van Leuvan, in the year 185G, and the second was opened by 
 James Morris, in the winter of 1857-8. 
 
 "The first postoflfice was established at Lime Springs in 1855, A. 
 D. C. Knowlton, postmaster." 
 
 The first death in the township occurred in the winter of 1854-5, 
 and was that of John Mortimer, who was the pioneer in the city 
 of the dead. 
 
 "The year 1859 seems to have been a year prolific in the forma- 
 tion of church societies. The Jjaj^tist being the first to lead off, 
 under the direction of Rev. C. E. Brown, of Vernon Springs, at 
 Lime S})rings. The Methodist following shortly in the wake by 
 organizing two cluirches, one at Foreston village, and one at Lime 
 Springs, both owing their existence to the energy of Rev. Water- 
 bury, of New Oregon. The Presbyterian denomination not to be 
 outdone, also started churches at each of the above places, in the 
 same year, under the ministration of Rev. A. Craig. The religious 
 revival of that year seemed to have permeated all people, and 
 denominations vied with each other in the formation of societies, 
 and erection of temples of worship. 
 
 "For natural beauty of scenery this precinct cannot be excelled. 
 The rocky shores of the Upper Iowa, fringed with the umbrageous 
 shade of primeval trees, the high, rolling prairies spreading like a 
 petrified' sea of emeralds, the cosy homes nestling in the beautiful 
 groves that dot its surface, all go to make up a jjicture not often 
 met with, and where it is the lover of nature stands entranced." 
 
 "Along the banks of the river were found the many caujping 
 greunds of the aborigines, and it is told that they were a matter 
 of considerable curiosity to the early settlers, one J. Knowlton, in 
 his seeking over their locality, picking up and preserving a knife 
 lost by some Indian owner. 
 
 Fine water ])0wer8 are \vithin the limits of the township, which 
 have been improved to some extent, 3 mills being erected, one at 
 Foreston, one at Lime Springs (old town), and another about two 
 miles west of the latter place. The precinct contains, besides the 
 villages of Foreston and Lime Springs, the town of Lime S^n-ings 
 Station, the second town in the county in regard to population 
 and business. 
 
 The old town of Lime Springs was first settled by Oscar Chese- 
 
446 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 bro, and Joseph Knowlton, in the year 1854; here they erected 
 their homes, and gathered around them quite a settlement. In 
 the spring of 1857 tlie most of the land belonging to some land 
 speculators, 0. and W. O. Wood by name, they laid out a town 
 plat. 
 
 The country settling up caused quite an influx of merchants 
 and mechanics, and the site soon began to assume the appearance 
 of a village, until two years later, in 1859, it contained two stores, 
 one blacksmith shop, a wagon maker, tavern, school house, and 
 some twelve jv fourteen dwelling houses. The names of these 
 early settlers are A. D. C. Knowlton, .Joseph Knowlton, M. M. 
 Marsh, C. C. Hewitt, W. O. Dheseboro, H. H. Wells, Oliver Chese- 
 boro, and G. M. Van Leuvan, the latter gentlemen being engaged 
 in the practice of law, and was the first lawyer in the township. 
 The large •i.rist mill was erected in 1859-60, by M. M. Marsh, and 
 was, at the time, one of the best in that section. 
 
 This mill is a large three-story structure, partly built of stone 
 and partly frame, and stands on a natural elevation on the 
 banks of the Upper Iowa river, whose current is utilized to propel 
 its machinery. Since its erection by Mr. Marsh it has passed 
 through the hands of several parties, notably that of I. N. Drake, 
 of Volga City. The Lime Springs milling company, consisting of 
 H. W. Babcock and A. F. Baumgartner,who are the present owners 
 and operators, and they intend to increase the facilities and extend 
 the business by the addition of newer and more improved 
 machinery. 
 
 The Avater power is first-class in every respect, and is a never 
 failing source of motive power. Four run of stone is the present 
 equipment of the mill, but the early spring will witness the intro- 
 duction of the roller system for making fine flour, when the old 
 grinding apparatus will be used to grind feed for cattle, hogs, and 
 horses. 
 
 The same company own some fifteen acres of pasture land, on 
 which are kept some fine stock. 
 
 The mill is situated about three-fourths of a mile from the station 
 of Lime Springs, and cannot keep ahead of their orders by run- 
 ning both night and day. A large amount of grinding is done for 
 the farmers of the surrounding country, besides the large merchant 
 business controlled by it. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 447 
 
 This is nlmost the only busincps now in existence at the old 
 town, for when, in 1868, the railroad located the station where it 
 now is, the business of the town naturally gravitated there, until 
 it is almost deserted. Two churches still point their spires 
 heavenward, one belonging to the Baptist, and the other to the 
 Methodist denomination. The latter church seems, in these later 
 times to have the general harmony of the society marred by 
 internal dissensions. Those of the community who have removed 
 to the station of Lime Springs, ^desiring to move thither the 
 chircli edifice, are met by the action of those who remain in the 
 "old town," whose interests are diametrically opposed thereto, and 
 the matter has to be decided by some legal tribunal. 
 
 LIME SPRINGS STATION 
 
 is, next to Cresco, the most important one in the county, both as 
 in regard to population and amount of business transacted. It is 
 located on the southeast quarter of section twenty-nine, in the 
 township of Forest City, on the line of the Chicago, Milwaukee 
 & St. Paul railroad, and about ten miles northwest from Cresco. 
 
 Laid out with fine broad streets, whose sides are fringed with 
 stately trees and smiling cottages, or busy marts of trade and 
 commerce, the town presents a charming appearance, and well 
 deserves the encomiums lavished upon it by its citizens. The 
 place has grown with _ a growth that in rapidity has scarcely a 
 parallel. On the location of the depot of the railroad not even a 
 single house was erected, but in the course of a few short months 
 a flourishing town had sprung into existence, and what had been 
 the pasture of the flocks and herds, echoed to the noise of artisan 
 and mechanic, and the hurrying of tradesmens' feet. 
 
 In the spi'ing of 1868 the town was born, as has been said, on 
 the decision of the railroad company to place a depot at this 
 point, and was known as Lime Springs Station, although the gov- 
 ernment called it Glen Roy postoffice to distinguish it from the 
 older town, for many years. 
 
 Among the first merchants to settle, were: Peter Velie, jr. 
 general merchandise; S. L. Carry, the same; John T. Cameron, 
 produce; W. F. Daniels, groceries; J. E. Foster, furniture and 
 undertaking; C. C. Hewitt, hardware; Josei)h Knowlton, hard- 
 ware and stoves; H. P. Marsh, lumber; M. M. and A. E. Marsh 
 
448 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 drugs and medicines; Ohlqnist Bros., boots and shoes, and Alonzo* 
 M. Pettit, groceries and confectioneries. 
 
 The first wagon makers to locate and open up places of business 
 were Henry D. Brown and William P. Reynolds, but which of 
 these is the predecessor, is u^ncertain. 
 
 Lorin J. Johnsoiv was the first to make and sell harness in the 
 town, and the date of his settlement is identical with the birth of 
 the village. 
 
 D. M. Fuller was the first architect and builder, and Drs. John 
 W. Reed and Joseph N. Medbery the pioneer physicians. 
 
 Among the first j^laces of business opened in the town Miller 
 & Son's extensive livery stable and dray and 'bus line must not 
 be forgotten. 
 
 The postoffice was established in IMarch, 1868, and James Green- 
 leaf commissioned as postmaster, but from some cause he held the 
 office but about one month, when he resigned it, and Alonzo M.. 
 Pettit was appointed in his place, and still enjoys the emoluments 
 of the office. 
 
 The Presbyterian church, a large frame structure with oval 
 window frames, was erected in the year 1870, and is now under the 
 able ministration of Rev. P. S. Helms, who is loved and revered 
 by all in the community, both in and out of his church. The 
 interior of tlie building is well finished, Avith frescoed ceiling, and 
 is well carpeted, possesses a fine organ and services are well 
 attended. In the spire, which adorns the front of the building, 
 hangs a silvery toned bell that calls the devoutly inclined to 
 worship. 
 
 The Baptist denomination also possess a neat and tasty church 
 edifice, wherein Elder C. E. Brown holds forth occasionally, and 
 Elder Benedict, on the alternate Sundays, holds regular services, 
 and administers the rites of the church when the occasion de- 
 mands. This edifice was erected about the same time as the other 
 church. 
 
 The school building is a fine large brick building, and contains 
 three rooms, and stands in a large open play ground. The tutor- 
 ship is vested in T. Dexter, principal, and Misses Libbie Smith 
 and Hattie Johnson. There is also a fourth department, located 
 at the old town under the supervision of Miss Ida Cheseboro. 
 
HISTOKY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 449 
 
 The schools have an average attendance of fifty scholars, and 
 present a remarkably high grade of study. The standard of the 
 schools owes much to the efficiency and ability of Mr. Dexter, 
 who has direct oversight of all the departments. His method of 
 imparting instruction is novel, and is calculated to impress the 
 knowledge desired upon the mind of the pupil to a surprising 
 degree. 
 
 The incorporation of the town of Lime Springs Station, dates 
 from May, 1876. At the first election held in that month, W. P. 
 Daniels was elected mayor; Peter Velie, jr., recorder, and H. P. 
 Marsh, Ole Tistleson, G. Somsen, C. E. Hamlin, and J. F. Thomp- 
 son as members of the council. 
 
 Mr. Daniels did not see fit to qualify and assiime the office, to 
 which he was elected, and J. F. Thompson acted as mayor, pro 
 tem., until May 29th, when a special election was held for the 
 purpose of electing a mayor to fill the vacancy, and J. E. Foster 
 was elected and immediately assumed the duties of the office. 
 
 At the first meeting of the council, held after he had assumed 
 the chair, S. A. Miller was appointed marshal; Peter Velin, jr., 
 treasurer, and H. C. Hewitt, collector. 
 
 At a meeting held May 30, 1876, it was resolved to build a jail 
 or calaboose for the use of the city, on lot 11, block 1, and in 
 accordance with the resolution Avork was begun, and the building 
 erected in .the succeeding month. 
 
 The city officers, at the present writing (March, 1883), are: 
 
 W. F. Daniels, mayor; Charles Gorst, recorder; L. J. Johnson, 
 F. M. Clark, Ole Tistbson, W. H. Farrar, Joseph Knowlton, and 
 Thomas Gates, councilmen. But at the election, held tliis nKmth, 
 however, W. F. Daniels was re-elected mayor, Charles Gorst, 
 recorder, and A. S. Lambert, and J. F. Thompson, as councilmen 
 in the place of Messrs. Knowlton and Gates, who retire to the 
 shades of private life. 
 
 Lime Springs Station has a population, according to the census 
 of 1880, oi 468, and the old town. Lime Springs, 225. 
 
 The only manufacturing interest in the village is the Lime 
 Springs Manufacturing Company's "Works. Here are made all 
 kinds of buggies, wagons, and agricultural implements, and is 
 doing an extensive and remunerative business. A. A. Sage is the 
 
450 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY - 
 
 head of the concern, and it is owing to his energy and persevei- 
 ance that the company is on its present footing. The large brick 
 structure on the eastern limits of the town is well filled with work 
 in the process of being manufactured. 
 
 Among the societies established in the town, the 
 
 LIME SPRINGS LODGE, NO. 122, A. O. U. W., 
 
 is the most popular, possessing a large membership. It was 
 organized in the year 1876, and is in a very flourishing financial 
 condition. Meetings are held the first and third Fridays of every 
 month, and are well attended. The officers are: 
 
 J. D. Brown, M. W.; J. T. Smith, financier, and W. H. 
 Farrar, recorder. 
 
 MASONIC. 
 
 Howard lodge, No. 214, is an old established organization, and 
 possesses a fine lodge room. About forty brothers, in good stand- 
 ing, are reported as the present membership. G. M. Van Leuvan 
 is the worshipful master, and A. D. Prescott the senior warden at 
 present. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 453 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Township History; Location and Early Settlements of Sar- 
 atoga, Paris, Afton, Jamestown, Howard Centre, Albion, 
 New Oregon; Early Churches, Schools, Mills, and Set- 
 tlers Therein. 
 
 SARATOGA. 
 
 The history of this township is given by H. D. Noble, so fully, 
 that we can do no better than quot it almost entire. He says: 
 
 "Saratoga township consists of congressional town 99, range 13, 
 and belonged before its organization to Jamestown. 
 
 "The first settler that pitched his tent therein was Jared Sigler, 
 who settled on Crane creek, in July, 1854. In the winter follow- 
 ing, Chas. Salmon, claimed the southwestquarter of section twenty, 
 and laid out the village plat of Saratoga. The town first organ- 
 ized in the summer of 1858, and the first election was held in 
 October, oi tliat year. Thomas J. Gibbons, was elected justice of 
 the peace, and John R. Buckbee, town clerk. The whole number 
 of votes cast at that election was but fourteen. 
 
 "In the summer of 1858, Rev. Coleman organized the first Con- 
 gregational church. 
 
454 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 "During that same year the first school was also opened and was 
 taught by Miss Emma Seeley. 
 
 "This town is situated on one of the finest portions of Crane 
 creek. Running as the stream does, through the whole length of 
 the township, makes Saratoga as well watered as any section of 
 country need be. The timl)er being confined to the banlvs of the 
 creek. 
 
 "The prairie is low and grassy for the most part, still many fine, 
 warm and dry farms are mingled with the beautiful grass lands in 
 right proportion for successful farming, in all its departments." 
 
 PARIS TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Is located on township 98, range 12, and the north half of town- 
 ship 97, range 12, and ccmtains 54 sections. The first settlers, of 
 which there seems to be any record or rememberance, were 
 Thomas Griffin and Patrick Richards, who located in the year 
 1855. 
 
 They were followed, in 1856, by J. I. Sturgis and others, in the 
 early spring and for man}'' years thereafter the place was known 
 as "Sturgis Point." The town was organized from New Oregon, in 
 1858, and at the first election, P. Smith Avas elected justice of the 
 peace, and P. G^'ifiin, town clerk. Twenty-two votes were polled 
 in all. 
 
 During the winter of 1857-8 a school was opened for the rising . 
 generation, and I. C. Chaml)erlain wielded the Birch and 
 
 "Full many a whisper, circling round. 
 Conveyed the dismal tidings, Avhen he frowned." 
 
 In 1857, a post office was established at Sturgis' Point, with J. 
 I. Sturgis as presiding genius. 
 
 This township is beautifully divided between grove and prairie, 
 and well watered, as, indeed is all the county, by never failing 
 springs. Running diagonally through the southwest corner of the 
 town is Crane creek, and abundant grass lands seem to point that 
 the hand of Providence intended this land for grazing, for nowhere 
 can finer beef be made than on the bottom lands and high prai- 
 ries of this section. 
 
 AFTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Consists of town 98, range 14, and nortli half of town 97, range 
 14, and was settled by A. Pooler, in the fall of 1854, set olf from 
 Howard, to which it was heretofore attached, in 1858, and organ- 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 455- 
 
 ized in 1858 as a sepernte townsliip. A. M. CoAvaii, and R. Wooten 
 were elected justices of the peace. Forty-eight votes were polled 
 at this election. 
 
 In lS58,tho Methodists organized a church and under the minis- 
 tration of Rev. A\'. Patterson made quite a mark in the history 
 of those early days. 
 
 Tradition hath it, that, in the cold winter, of 1856, two men of 
 this town W. Glass and Van Am burg, not being able to resist the 
 benumbing effects of hypoborean winter Avere frozen to death. 
 
 HOWARD TOWNSHIP 
 
 was first settled by W. S. Pettitone, in August, 1854. It was first 
 organized as a township with Alton, and then occupied congress- 
 ional town 98, range 13, north half 97, range 13, town 98, range 
 14, and north half of town 97, range 14. 
 
 The date of this organization was 1856, but in the spring of 
 1858 it was divided into two precincts, the eastern one being called 
 Howard, the western, Afton. Under the new organization, F. E. Day- 
 ton and W. S. Pettibone were elected justices of the peace, and Jas. 
 Hall, town clerk. Eight votes Avere all that was polled at this 
 election. 
 
 The post office village at Busti, is the only approach to a town 
 in the township, and it was here that a settlement was started 'by a 
 colony from Erie, Pa., but it never grew beyond a tidy collection 
 of houses, and still languishes, and awaits the great future. 
 
 JAMESTOWN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 While hunting through the musty records of the past for the 
 history of this town, tlie following article, from the able pen of 
 Mrs. E. V. Bennett, was found in the files of the Cresco Times, 
 and as it covers all the ground, we have taken the liberty to quote 
 freely from it, feeling that no efforts of ours could more fully cover 
 the ground. In speaking, first of the toi)Ography, the article says: 
 
 '^The main body of our woodlands is on sections 7, 8, 17, and 
 18, and constitutes Avhat tlie earliest settlers at Wentworth,, 
 Mitchell county, named Round Grove, from its appearance at that 
 distance. This timber consists of jack oak, burr oak, poplar and 
 basswood, with a sn)all portion of ehn, ma])le and butternut. 
 
 "A brook zig-zags along the western line of sections 7 and 18, in 
 the latter of which it unites with Spring creek (which in section. 
 19 has another small tributary). Thus linking the springs and 
 
456 HISTOEY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 narrow water courses of the northwest portion of the 
 township, this stream crosses our west line in section 30, 
 and a Httle further on is merged into the Wapsipinicon. 
 
 "That wealth of timber in Round Grove explains the fact that 
 emmigration first centred there, and commenced at that point our 
 historical outline. 
 
 "The brook called by settlers, the Little VVapsie, rises near the 
 centre, and runs south about midway through the township. This 
 slender stream has no timbered margin within our limits, yet it 
 also attracted settlement, and was bordered with pre-emptions. 
 
 "Township 99, north, and range 14, west of the 5th principal 
 
 meridian, was first sttled by whites in 1854. That year Messrs 
 
 VanHoughton, Niles, Shaw and son broke a few acres of ground 
 
 and started their log cabins in Round Grove. Before that date 
 
 the surveyors foot alone had threaded its section lines; though 
 
 the wild beasts of the wood and prairie had long before laid claim to 
 
 these solitudes, and without filing their intentions had preempted 
 
 the entire wilderness. 
 
 "The Teeple brothers came from Canada in the spring of 1855. 
 
 and located on section 6, which the four brothers George, Ed- 
 ward, Stephen and Albert, pre-empted." 
 
 These settlers seem to have been immediately followed by Ed. 
 Irish and Samuel Hallett, who, however did not stay long, but 
 sold out to actual settlers. 
 
 ^^'illis Spencer was the next, with his three sons-in-law, David 
 Patterson, Thos. De Moss and Lucius Fassett, who all came in 
 June of the same year, a colony of eighteen persons. In quick 
 order followed Wm. and Dennis Rice, James E. Bennett and 
 others. A party (who came with Bennett) erected a steam saw 
 mill, which they had brought with them, and commenced 
 operations in February, 1856 furnishing lumber for a number of 
 pre-emption houses. This mill, however, was a losing investment, 
 and it was finally sold at auction, and taken to the Upper Iowa. 
 The first case tried in the Howard county court, Rice & Bradford 
 vs. Cutting, grew out of this mill property. 
 
 The comjjan}'- who constituted the mill party, were Jas. A. Cut- 
 ting D. P. Bradford, Jno. Molfitt, and Lyman Southard, who all 
 locatad claims within the present boundaries of the town. These 
 parties date their incoming from the fall and winter of 1855, and 
 before the new year had dawned Milo S. Torsey, Chas. D. Cutting, 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. • 457 
 
 Hazen Ricker and John Fiefield had joined this little squad of 
 hardy pioneers. We must not forget to mention Asel Wilmot and 
 Luther Titeuni who are beleived to have located also this year. 
 The year 1856 saw a large emmigration, most of those who settled 
 being from New York, and the New England states. The most 
 conspicuous names being Darius and Smith W. Seeley, the first 
 named being afterwards county judge. It is said that in the 
 spring 1858 the actual settlers on pre-empted land — pre-emj)tors 
 as they were called — numbered sixty-three. Again we quote fiom 
 Mrs. E. V. Bennett's article: 
 
 "A meeting was called January 1, 1856, to name the township, 
 after some discussion it was named for the two persons who were 
 then supposed to be the equal owners of the steam mill; (Bennett 
 and Cutthig). 
 
 "The first birth was that of Marcus DeMoss, April 12, 1856. The 
 first death and burial was that of Mrs. D. Patterson, in June, 
 1857. 
 
 The first marriage was, is believed, that of Miss Martha Cassety to 
 Ralph Watson, in December, 1858, Elder Grifiin, a Baptist minister 
 officiating. The first and only singing school was taught in the 
 winter of 1867-8 by Dr. Stockwell." 
 
 The first election held in the township was during th presiden- 
 tial election of 56; but the following spring, April 7, an election 
 was held for township and county officers, with the following re- 
 sult: 
 
 W. E. Thayer and D. Patterson, constables; H. Ricker, Asel 
 Fasset and Smith W. Seeley, town trustees; and Willis Spencer 
 and Darius Seeley, justices of the peace. 
 
 Among the first things mentioned, must not be forgotten the 
 first school. This was opened and taught by Miss Jane Chandler, 
 in a barn, on section 27, during the year 1857. This school was 
 not at the i)ublic exjense. The first public schools, were two, 
 opened during the summer of 1858, one taught by Miss Mary St. 
 John, the other by Miss Cassety. "The first school house" says 
 Mrs. Bennett, "was built of logs, in Round Grove, in 1857." 
 
 In regard to early church matters the same article has some 
 very interesting matter from which we glean. It seems that Seeley 
 and St. John walking home from Rices,where they had been attend- 
 ing a Sabbath school, talked of the matter of establishing a Sun- 
 
458 " HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 day scliool nearer home, circumstances favoring them a class 
 was formed which developed, into a Congregational society of 
 thirteen members, organized by Rev. W. Coleman. Meetings were 
 held alternately in the houses of Deacons Seeley and St. John, 
 and afterwards contiuously in the school house a number of 
 souls of being added in the interim. 
 
 The iNIethodists, while many of the early settV^rs were of that 
 faith formed no class until 18G9, when Elder Mapes, organized a 
 society of fifteen members. In 1874, the Methodists dedicated a 
 church in Riceville, a commodious and attractive gothic struc- 
 ture. 
 
 The Baptist interest is quite an entensive one, and is embodied 
 in a Riceville church beyond the boundaries of the county. 
 
 The hotel was opened in 1870 by James Hendricks on the north- 
 west quarter of section thirty. 
 
 The first post office was established in 1856 at the steam mill, 
 with D. P. Bradford to handle the letters. This post office after 
 being moved to the house of Erastus Leache, where it was burned 
 and never re-established, but removed to that part of Riceville that 
 lies within the boundaries of Mitchell county. 
 
 HOWARD CENTRE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 In 1877, Laban Hassett, one of the older settlers and for many 
 years county surveyor, wrote a history of this town, which was 
 published in the Cresco Times from which we freely quote, by 
 permission. The account recites, in "the first place, that H. K. 
 Averill, deputy U. S. surveyor, says in regard to to the section in 
 question. 
 
 "This township, lying as it does, at the head of one of the main 
 branches of the Turkey river, is remarkably smooth and even. It 
 is possessed with a preponderance of first-rate soil, and is tolerably 
 well watered by creeks and marshes. There are but few springs in 
 the township. No minerals are found, within its boundaries. 
 
 '•Settlement was first made in the eastern part of the precinct, in 
 1855 by Royal 0. Thayer, who arrived in April of that year." 
 
 Immediately following him we find the names of Alfred 
 Eldridge and Willard E. Thayer, as pioneers of this section. In 
 1855, came also Ira Eldridge, who at once proceeded to erect a 
 Btore, having brought with him a stock of goods. It was with great 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 459 
 
 difficulty that he obtained lumber for the purpose of i^uilding his 
 store. 
 
 A small part of it he got from Harlows mill at New Oregon, 
 and the balance he brought from the Mississppi river, except the 
 studs and rafters which later were hewn out of poles cut in the 
 grove. 
 
 The roof was made of lap shingles, split from oak timber. 
 Early in September, he opened his stock of goods. He also pre- 
 empted the northeast quarter of section 36. 
 
 Michael Creamer and Patrick Mullen were also among the 
 pioneers of that year, and Mr. Hassett reports that in the following 
 year, viz: 
 
 In 1850, that there were added to the population, of the town- 
 ship about forty pre-emptors; among whose names we find those 
 of Wm. Conery, John F. Thayer, Wm. A. and Calvin F. Webster, 
 Henry A. Cook, Laban Hassett, Lawence Long and others. 
 
 In the spring of 1856, John F. Thayer, commenced the erection 
 of a hotel, where Howard Centre now stands, which was so far 
 con)pleted on July 4th, that it was used for a dinning room and 
 dance hall, although the sesond story was not j^et up. 
 
 "The 4th of July," says Mr. Hassett, "was celebrated in a grove 
 south of the creek, where seats were very conveniently arranged 
 for the attendants. 
 
 "The principal speakers were James G. Upton and M. V. Bur- 
 dick. IMr. B. delivering the oration. Allusion was made to the 
 fact, that the camp fires of the Indians had been but recently ex- 
 tinguished, and yet, about 200 persons were in attendance to cele- 
 brate the nations birthday. New Oregon and Vernon Springs, 
 furnishing a large jaortion of the assemblage." 
 
 The town of Howard Centre (which now boasted of a hotel and 
 store,) was laid out and platted, and put upon record. The 
 acknowledgement of the plat bears date December 1, 1856, and is 
 signed by Calvin F. Webster, Jno. F. Thayer, and wife, Thomas 
 R. Perry and wife, W. E. Thayer and wife, and Royal O. Thayer 
 and wife. 
 
 A hack was run to Decorah for the accomodation of individ- 
 uals, and to bring supplies. 
 
 The fall of 1856, having been very dry, the infant settlement 
 suffered much damage from prairie fires, and winter setting in with 
 
460 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 the greatest intensit}^ and is remembered to this day by those who 
 experienced it, as the coldest they ever knew, many of the poor 
 settlers suffered much. Many of them had not time to finish their 
 houses, and Avere poorly protected from the wintery blasts. Several 
 persons Avere frozen to death in the awful "blizzard" of the 13th of 
 December, among them Wm. Niles of this town. 
 
 Thayers hotel was burned on the 5th of February, 1857, when 
 the air was so filled with snow flakes, that his neighbors half a 
 mile distant did not see the flames. 
 
 Mr. Hassett relates that, "a school was in session m the hall, taught 
 by W. B. Stone, and the fire caught from the stove pipe. Mr. 
 Thayer Avas absent in the grove, after timber to build a barn, and 
 when he reached home took in the situation; he commenced hum- 
 ming a tune in a manner peculiar to John F., and said: "Well I 
 may as well draw this stick up there; I shall need a shanty to 
 live in;" and accordingly left the timber by the burning coals. He 
 had the hotel rebuilt, larger than before, and in readyness for 
 occupation by the 4th of July next." 
 
 The first post oflSce was established in March, 1857, and Henry 
 A. Cook Avas the first postmaster. He soon resigned, and was suc- 
 ceeded by A. M. Pettitt. 
 
 "The order for the organization of Howard Centre township, 
 isssued to John F. Thayer, by Judge Upton and attested by E. 
 Gillett, Avas dated March 13th, 1857." The first election was held 
 at the house of J. F. Thayer, on the 6th of April, 1857, at which 
 tAventy "three votes were polled. 
 
 Frank S. TreAV, was elected Justice of the peace; Ira Eldridge, 
 Chas. H. Wood and Calvin F. Webster, township trustees; T. R. 
 Perry, township clerk; R. O. Thayer and O. A. Bunker, consta- 
 bles. The judges of this election were C. H. Wood, J. Webster 
 and Jno. F. Thayer; and the clerks, T. R. Perry and William A. 
 Webster. 
 
 At the organization of the township schoor'?,board,';;May 7th, 
 1857. O. G. Talmage, Avas chosen president, Thos. R.'^Perr}^ secre- 
 tary, and C. H. Wood, treasurer. The meeting was adjourned for 
 four weeks to take into consideration the erection of a ^school 
 house. 
 
 The first tax levied in the toAvnship was voted on the first 
 day of June, 1857, for the purpose of building a school house. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 461 
 
 During the spring of 1857, a Sunday school was established at 
 Howard Centre, through the agency of the American Sunday 
 school Union. L. Hassest was the Superintendent, with Mrs. T. 
 R. Perry as assistant. Rev. John W. Windsor, preached at 
 Howrad Centre, once in two weeks during a large part of 1S57-8, 
 and Rev. C. E. Brown, in 1858-9. 
 
 Howard Centre was made the county seat of Howard county, 
 by Judge Upton, and the records Avere removed there in October, 
 1857 and remained there, until the locating of the seat of county 
 government on the hill, between New Oregon and Vernon Springs, 
 in 1858. 
 
 The Northern Light, a six-column folio sheet, published by Geo. 
 W. Haislet was started in the fall of 1858, and continued to be 
 issued for about a year. From its advertisements, it may be 
 learned, that R. 0. Thayer kept a livery, and J. W. Walters solici- 
 ted patronage as a carpenter and builder. 
 
 The first marriage ceremony solominzed in the township was by 
 S. L. Hassett, justice of the peace, who on the 11th of May, 1859,, 
 united in wedlock, B. F. Benson and Melissa Halsted. 
 
 The first child born in the Tp. was C. F. Bunker, advent on 
 Ociober 1, 1856, added a prospective voter to the county. The 
 first girl was Irene E. Eldridge, born on Sunday, May 17, 1857. 
 The first death was that of Mr. Wm. Niles, frozen to death, Decem- 
 ber 13, 1856, as related before. 
 
 The Howard Centre cemetery was laid out in June, 1863, the- 
 first person interred therein being Mrs. Harriet, N. Talmage, who,, 
 in an unfortunate state of mind, had drowned herself in the Turkey 
 river near her house. This happened on ' the night of Nov. 1,, 
 1862. 
 
 ALBION TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This was known as Osborne township until 1860, when its name 
 was changed to the present one of Albion. It occupies congressional 
 township 100, range 11, west, bordering the Minnesota line. Along 
 its northern boundary runs the clear rock bottomed and spring 
 made waters of the Upper Iowa river. There is an abundance of 
 timber along the banks of the river, and extending some distance 
 back. Bass, elm, maple, and ash being the predominating species, 
 but some pines are to be met with. As has been most beautifully 
 aid: "However, the crowning beauty of all this section, is the 
 
462 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 handsome groves that are universally found on the highest points 
 of land, and in this respect Albion township can bear the pahn." 
 The streams are all of the purest quality — liquid diamonds, so 
 to speak — owing their origin solely to the springs gushing from 
 their homes in the limestone, and within the cool waters the trout 
 and bass still linger lovingly. Some of the first pioneers in the 
 •civilization of Howard county settled within what is now the 
 boundaries of tliis township. The first whose name we have is 
 Daniel Crowell, who located therein as early as the spring of 1853. 
 Almost at the same time Andrew Nelson located his claim on 
 section 10, and erected the family cabin, and in 1854 he was fol- 
 lowed by C. S. Thurber. But for this year the incomers were like 
 angels' visits — few and. far between — but in 1855 the great tide of 
 immigration, which came to our state, caused quite a ripple thither- 
 ward, and the beautiiul prairies and lovely valleys of Howard 
 county began to be thickly dotted with smiling farms, and smoke 
 aroge from the many cabins that were sprinkled over the verdant 
 ■ bosom uf mother earth. 
 
 Among those who in the spring of that year took up their abode 
 .among us, we find: Oliver Arnold, Thos. Osborn, H. D. Lapham, 
 W. I). Darrow, but these are but a few of the many whose names 
 are boine by the recollections of those who remain. In 1856 a 
 still Inrger wave bf immigration flowed this wa}'', and every suc- 
 ceeding year until the ijloody da^'s of the civil war, when it slacked 
 up for some time, only to begin again in these later days. 
 
 This township was part of the precinct of Vernon Springs, until 
 1857, wlien in, the sj)ring of this year it withdrew itself, and com- 
 pleted a separate organization. There was cast at this election 
 : some forty-eight votes, and .losiah Kelly was elected town clerk, 
 with .James Nichols and James Oakley, justices of the peace. 
 
 The first church organization in the township was Baptist in 
 denomination, and was effected in the spring months of 1856, with 
 Rev. T. H. Miner as pastor. 
 
 The Methodist church society was formed the same year, under 
 the energy and faithful efforts of the Rev. Win. Lease. 
 
 .lu the month of March the Church of Christ was organized, 
 ■mainly owing to the etforts of Rev. \Vm. Phillips; the society 
 numbered at its start some twenty members. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 463 
 
 One of the early settlers says: "The character of the early 
 settlers of Osborne may be drawi>from the fact of their thus early 
 organizing religious societies." 
 
 The first school in the precinct seems to have been opened in 
 the latter part of the year 1856, and "svas taught by Dr. Lewis 
 Reynolds; the school was small, but the increase was rapid so that 
 in 1859 the scholars in the township numbered some one hundred 
 and forty. 
 
 At the same time there Avas over eighty legal voters in the same 
 territory, and many Avho were not yet admitted to the privileges of 
 franchise. 
 
 In 1855, at Arnoldsville, was established the first postoffice, but 
 it was of short duration, when it was remoyed to Osborne; A. 
 Allen being the postmaster. 
 
 The statement is made by H. D. Noble, that, "In 1858, Osborne 
 like all other places had its theme ol excitement. In that year 
 the gold fever broke out; but happily very few 'found the color', 
 except in the faces of bilious, cadaverous, tired and jaundiced 
 diggers. Hence its short life and speedy cure. The only gold in 
 this section of the country will be found not by digging to pipe- 
 clay, or bedrock, but in the rich loam that lies on the surface — 
 the golden grain that feeds the world." 
 
 It is said that the first death that occurred in this vicinity, was 
 that of Robert Gilchrist, who froze to death during the winter 
 of 1854-5. 
 
 "Quarries of limestone and sandstone, and on the Iowa river 
 quarries of rock straight as the mason's hammer could dress them, 
 and smoother, too, :\ve found." 
 
 With the exception of the postoffice village at Florenceville, in 
 the extreme northern portion of the township, there is no town nor 
 village, no fine farm broken to make a poor straggling village, but 
 the whole section is given over to a constant succession, of smiling 
 farms and grazing grounds, covered with emerald verdure. 
 
 NEW OREGON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 We are indebted for the following history of New Oregon town- 
 ship, to a paper written by H. D. Noble, one of the old settlers, 
 and published in the Cresco Times, July 6, 187G. 
 
 "New Oregon was one of the first locations chosen by the 
 pioneers, who first made Howard county their home. 'Oregon 
 
464 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 Grove' was known far and near, and was a landmark to all western 
 hunters and rovers in northern Iowa and southern Minnesota. 
 The precincts of New Oregon consists of the north half of town- 
 ship ninety -seven and township ninety-eight range eleven. 
 
 The first settlement was made in 1851, by Hiram Johnson. In 
 1858, Wm. Cottrell, H. Shuttleworth, and Wm. Brown fir t made 
 claims in and about Oregon Grove. S. M. Cole, George Schofield, 
 J. F. Mitchell, and others soon followed, and in 1855 a sufficient 
 population had gathered to effect a permanent organization. Paris 
 was included in the precinct as then formed. Daniel Mills was 
 elected the first justice of the peace, and Samuel Coyl township 
 clerk. 
 
 "Uncle" George Schofield built the first house in what has since 
 grown to be the village of New Oregon. In the same year C. M. 
 Munson opened a store near by, which was followed by others 
 until the business part of town, in 1859, consisted of six stores, 
 one wagon shop, plow shop, one harness maker, a tin shop, two 
 tailor shops, three shoe shops, two blacksmith shops, a steam saw- 
 mill, etc. 
 
 This village is on both sides of the Turkey river, and in the 
 north edge of Oregon Grove. 
 
 At the same time it did not lack for professional ability, tor it 
 had within its jurisdiction one doctor J. J. Clemmer, and three 
 lawyers, C. E. Berry, F. H. Jewett, and \V. R. Mead. 
 
 Here was taught the first school in the count3^ In 1854 it was 
 opened for scholars, and Miss Harriet Cole was the presiding 
 genius, and with smiling face lured the youth to flowery paths of 
 knowledge. Daniel Mills taught tlie first village school, which 
 was established during the winter of 1856-7. 
 
 The Congregational church was organized at the hamlet of New 
 Oregon, in 1856, and Rev. J. W. Windsor was installed as pastor.. 
 
 The church, at first, was weak and feeble, as all such societies 
 are in a new country, and their services were held as circumstances 
 permitted. The iollowing lines were written about the church of 
 early days, and breathe the very essence of true poetry. One of 
 Howard county's gifted daughters is the author, but by her request 
 we suppress the name, which modesty will not allow her to have 
 given it to the world. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 465 
 
 THE OLD LOG CHURCH. 
 
 On olden walls, in memory's hall, 
 
 With roses 'round it clinging: 
 A picture rare, of antique air. 
 
 The old log church is swinging. 
 
 Of timbers rough, and gnarled and tough, 
 
 It stands in rustic beauty; 
 A monument to good intent 
 
 And loyal, Christian duty. 
 
 The forest trees, kissed by the breeze 
 
 Of early autumn weather, 
 Stand grimly by, and seem to sigh 
 
 And bend their boughs together. 
 
 Down by the mill, and up the hill, 
 
 And through the hazel thicket, 
 And o'er the mead brown pathways lead 
 
 Up to the rustic wicket. 
 
 And by these ways, on holy days, 
 
 The village folks collected. 
 And humbly heard the sacred word 
 And worshipped unaffected. 
 
 Sweet fancy's art and poet's heart 
 
 Can see the old time preacher 
 And village sage now turn the page, 
 
 As minister or teacher. 
 
 For in the church, with dreaded birch, 
 
 On week days he presided. 
 In awful mien, a tutor seen, 
 
 'Twixt lore and licks divided. 
 
 But where it stood, in dappled wood, 
 
 A village sprang to life; 
 And jolly noise of barefoot boj'^s 
 
 Is lost in business strife. 
 
466 HISTOKY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 With years now flown, the children grown, 
 Are launched on life's mad billows; 
 
 The pretty maid is matron staid, 
 The master's 'neath the willows. 
 
 i Methodist Episcopal church was also formed during the year 
 1858, of which Rev. WaterLury was the initial pastor. The 
 organization of a Roman Catholic church was attained in the 
 course of the same year. 
 
 The natural location of the precinct of New Oregon is unsur- 
 passed. Through its center,, from northwest to southeast, runs the 
 Turkey river, and emptying into this stream are spring streams 
 that are found in all this section of Iowa. A fine body of timber, 
 including all the varieties of our prolific v/est, borders the river, 
 and furnishes to all the region round about timber for fuel, fences, 
 and buildings. 
 
 The hard maple, elm white oak, and basswood form the bulk of 
 this grove. Underlying this section is fine quarry limestone, fit 
 for all purposes of building. 
 
 Through the southern part of the township (97), runs the Little 
 Turkey river, fringed with groves and watering a beautiful prairie 
 of moist stock-growing land." 
 
 After the building of the Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad, and 
 the consequent springing into being of the town of Cresco, the 
 buisiness of New Oregon experienced the same fate that thousands 
 of other thriving villages that have dotted these broad lands of 
 ours, sank into comparative oblivion, the grass growing on the 
 streets and all business at a stand still. People still reside there, 
 for it is in the paradise of the county, but the stillness that reigns 
 there makes one feel sadly that the tired and weary struggbr had- 
 laid down and rested from life's weary battle, and that it is no 
 longer sought to buffet the waves of adverse fortune. 
 
 CHESTER .\ND OAKDALE TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 These were united in one township until October 11, 1859, under 
 the name of Iowa. River Precinct, when they were separated and 
 placed as now. The history of the two is so commingled that it 
 seems impossible at this day to seperate them, and hence we leave 
 them like two lovers in fond eiubrace. For the facts in regard to 
 
HISTOltY OK HOWARD COUNTY. 467 
 
 them we acknowledge ourselves under obligations to L. E. Smith, 
 of the Cresco Times, who has kindly placed at our disposal many 
 ptipers in regard to the same. 
 
 Chester precinct occupies the congressional township 100, range 
 13, and Oakdale 100, range 14, and are the most western of the 
 northern tier. The Iowa river meanders along through the 
 northern sections, the pure, limpid stream shimmering in the sun, 
 and adding beauty to the landscape already charmde with the 
 emerald velvety verdure of the native grass, and the golden amber 
 of the ripening grain, while groves of trees interspersed break up 
 what" might prove to monotonous a view, where earth and sky 
 alone are seen. 
 
 Henry Brown, in May 1853, made the first settlement in the 
 township now known as Oakdale, and for nearly a year he had 
 the unbroken solitude to himself, for there were no settlers but 
 him until 1<S54. 
 
 During the summer of that year Robt. Jerod, Josiah Laws, 0. 
 M. Thayer, and M. Gates laid the foundation for the settlement 
 that now graces this vicinity. They were, shortly, lollowed by A. 
 W. Kingsley, Norman Freeman, C. M. Sawyer, and others. 
 
 Settlers having gathered in a suliicient number to justify the 
 measure, withdrew the precinct from Jamestown, to Avhich it had 
 originally beeii attached, and organized as a separate township, 
 holding an election for that purpose in April, 1857. which resulted 
 in the election of John Adams and W. Y. Wells for justices of the 
 peace, and C. M. Sawyer, town clerk. At this election forty-nine 
 votes were polled. 
 
 The first regular district school was taught by Salinda Burknap, 
 in the fall of 1857, although there still lingers a trace of a tradition 
 that in the previous winter a school was taught, but of this there 
 seems to be no certainty, nor is the name of the teacher remem- 
 bered. 
 
 Within the boundaries of the two townships there is Init one 
 village, viz: Chester; the land being occupied with fine farms, and 
 capital grazing grounds. All along the northern jjart of the town- 
 ships fine timber abounds, and pure water from the many springs 
 that gush from the lap of the earth. 
 
468 
 
 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 CHESTER, 
 
 the only village, ia still but a small place, being too near towns 
 having a larger growth, and whose proximity overshadow it. 
 It was laid out, in March, 1858, by A. Eaton, and in 1859 already 
 contained six dwellings, a tavern, and a school house. 
 
 The first postoffice was also started here, being established in 
 January, 1858, with A. Eaton as postmaster. 
 
 There was a Methodist Episcopal church organized in March, 
 1858, with seven members; Rev. Norton, of Spring Valley, Minn., 
 supplying the pulpit and attending to the spiritual wants of the 
 little Jaock. 
 
 
 ^l. 
 
 \\ V- 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 469 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Reminiscences, Anecdotes, and Incidents of Frontier Life, 
 Given by Early SEtTLERS. 
 
 taking it coolly. 
 
 The last night of 1855, a party of four men crossed the Missis- 
 sippi, at Dubuque, and found a new years ball in progress, at the 
 Key City house, (where numbers of people found a resting place, 
 on their way to northern Iowa). At Dubuque they hired a teams- 
 ter to take them to Howard county. 
 
 As they approached Burr Oak Springs, that first Sunday in Jan- 
 uary 1856, the cold and wind increased, while the falling snow so 
 whitened. the track before them, that it could only be distinguished 
 by the withered grass which bordered it. They urged their driver 
 to halt without avail, he was confident that he could make his way 
 after dark without difliculty. A little further, on where the prairie 
 fires had left no grasss to mark the roadsides, they were as effect- 
 ually lost a few rods from the track, as though they had been 
 miles away. Seeking the road they went as far apart as their 
 voices should be heard, but after repeated efforts failed to find it. 
 
 The}' then lost no time in making preperations to spend the 
 night in such a manner as, if possible, to secure their lives. They 
 cleared the covered wagon box of trunks and luggage, tacked 
 down the cover securely, and without being able to stand upright, 
 exercised, two at a time as if for wages. The teamster alone lay 
 down, wrapping his feet in the contents of his carpet sack, and he 
 alone was frost-bitten. By force of kicking they had to rouse 
 
470 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 him from danger. Had they trusted to wraps, bedclothing and 
 buffalo robes — with which they were well supplied — and lain 
 down to sleep, they would have paid the penalty with their lives. 
 "The mercury must have stood forty degrees below zero" said 
 Dr. Fellows, who related this story of himself, his two brothers 
 and R. Kerr, they afterwards learned, that a number of persons 
 perished from exposure the same night. 
 
 The two succeeding days were so cold, that but few people 
 left their houses. All that these young men had that night, in 
 the way of nourishment, was a few small cakes and a bottle of bra- 
 ndy, the latter supplied the stimulus, that helped preserve 
 them . 
 
 The early settlers met and organized a "squatter government," 
 agreeing among themselves, that certain persons should act as 
 officers. The "justice of the peace" named, was a lad of about 
 nineteen years of age, Samuel Coyl, by name. A party, charged 
 with larcen}^, was brought before "Sam" one day for trial. His 
 honor, listened, with all the gr^ivity of a deacon, to the evidence, 
 which fully proved, that the accused, had broKen open a compan- 
 ion's trunk, and purloined, therefrom, the sum of forty dol- 
 lars. 
 
 But "Sam" fully understood his want of jurisdiction, and proceed- 
 ed to render the verdict, as folloAVs: "Guilty ^ — g^^ilty as hell, and 
 the court knows it from the evidence — but they can't prove it — 
 Scoot — scoot, or judge Lynch will hold court here to-morrow.'' 
 
 The culjjrit disapeared forth with. 
 
 The county of Howard, was settled from every land, and every 
 clime, but very few, if any experienced business men, came among 
 the early settlers. As might be expected, therefore, many mis- 
 takes were made in the "forms and ceremonies," and occasionally 
 in the records. One young officer — young in years and young in 
 office — when he carried a record from, one to a succeeding page, 
 instead of noting the number of the future page, made this note, 
 at the bottom of the first page, "see page ahead a little." 
 
 "It is told, that Howard county, from its organization, never 
 elected, on a party vote, a democratic officer, yet the party kept up 
 its annual county conventions for twenty 3^ears. At one of these 
 conventions, only two persons were present. They were both 
 of the legal profession. One was a large and the other was a small 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 471 
 
 man, and the larger acted as president, and the other as secretary 
 of the ''assembly." They put drink in their stomachs and a full 
 county ticket in the political field. The secretary, in finishing his 
 report, said that "the attendance at the convention Avas large and 
 respectable." The president protested and said: It is true, Mr. 
 secretary, we seem to be many, but do you not notice that on the 
 ayes and noes, that but two of us answer." The secretary replied: 
 "Mr. president, if there is but two of us here, I insist that the 
 report is correct, for are you not large and am not I respectable." 
 
 The folloAving lines were written by a gentleman now residing 
 in the county, and who was one of its earliest settlers; he has 
 followed many trades and professions, and has been a leading 
 farmer for the last quarter of a century. We insert it smply as a 
 Bpecimen of the culture that may be found in these climes, for it 
 is, by long odds, the superior of the usual mediocre poetry — so 
 called — that floats through the columns of the press of the day. 
 It is said of the author, that although many of the poor, have 
 been indebted to him for considerable amounts of money, yet he 
 has never collected one cent by execution, or sale of property on 
 mortgage. Such men are few and far between, but the fates have 
 rewarded him and enabled him, through labor and business *\act, 
 to achieve a comfortable competence. 
 
 The anagram "Live on no evil" is probably the best in the English 
 language. Spelled backward or forward it reads the same. Its 
 sentiment expresses the essence of the ten commandments: 
 
 LIVE ON NO EVIL. 
 
 "Live on no evil," reads the same 
 As forth and back we trace the line; 
 
 It is the voice of God to man, 
 
 Proclamied from Sinai's height devine, 
 
 "Live on no evil," church or state. 
 But God-like rule with love, not hate. 
 
 "Live on no evil," landlord bold. 
 
 But so divide the loaf and sheaf 
 That tenant's children filled Avith glee. 
 
 Shall bless the hand that gives relief. 
 "Live on no evil," church or stata, 
 
 But God-like rule with love, not hate. 
 
472 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 "Live on no evil," merchant grand, 
 
 That shoddy cloth that brings you gain, 
 
 In rags hangs from the wearer's back, 
 The cold bites in and gives him pain. 
 
 "Live on no evil," church or state, 
 
 But God-like, rule with love, not hate. 
 
 "Live on no evil," railroad kings, 
 
 Nor scorn our rights with haughty brow, 
 
 Those pondrous engines on those roads, 
 Must in the wake of mercy go. 
 
 "Live on no evil," church or state. 
 
 But God-Like, rule, with love, not hate. 
 
 "Live on no evil," money lords. 
 Your fiercest grasp shall prove your woe, 
 
 In life's last grasp with deep regrets, 
 And hellish moans you'll cry out, oh! 
 
 "Live on no evil," church or state. 
 But God-like, rule with love, not hate. 
 
 "Live on no evil," man of soul, 
 • But right the wrong with all thy might. 
 
 When conscience all our acts control. 
 
 We all may speak from Sinai's height. 
 "Live on no evil," church or state. 
 But God-like, rule with love, not hate, 
 
 — [M. B. Doolittle. 
 
 One of the members of the board of supervisors of the county, 
 wishing the board to do its full duty under the law, presented 
 the following resolution, which was adopted and placed on the 
 minutes, instructing the township assessors as to what was their 
 duty : 
 
 "Resolved, That the assessors assess every thing that wears a 
 yoke as an ox, and everything that gives milk a as cow." 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 473 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 War Record; Action of the Board of Supervisors of Howard 
 County; Third Iowa Infantry; Ninth Iowa Infantry; Thirty- 
 Eighth Iowa Infantry; Third Iowa Battery of Light Artil- 
 lery; Roster op Volunteers. 
 
 The people of the northern states may well be proud of the 
 record they made in the dark and bloody days of the great civil 
 war. When the war was pressed on the country, the people of 
 this peaceful Northland were pursuing the even tenor of their 
 way, doing whatsoever their hands found to do — making farms or' 
 cultivating those already made — erecting houses and homes, build- 
 ing shops and factories, and the whole country was alive with 
 industry, and the future was rosy with promise. The county was 
 just recovering itself from the financial panic of 1857, and the 
 failure of the crops of 1858-9. The future looked bright and 
 promisihg, and the industrious and patriotic sons and daughters 
 of the free states were bouyant with hope, and looking forward to 
 new plans for the ensurement of comfort and competence in their 
 declining years, and they little heeded the muttering and threaten- 
 ings of the wayward children of the slave states of the sunny 
 south. 
 
474 HISTORY OF HOWABD COUNTY. ♦ 
 
 Like the true sons and decendents of sires, whose sturdy arm 
 had withstood Britannia's mighty power in the infant days of our 
 noble republic, they gave no heed to the whisperings of fear, or 
 dreamed that one could be so base as to stand back when their 
 country called them, but all flocked to the front to meet dire 
 treason face to face, and smite it as it stood. 
 
 April 12, 1861, Major Robert Anderson, the commandant at Fort 
 Sumter, in (Charleston harbor. South Carolina, was fired upon by 
 the hot headed rebels then in arms. 
 
 Although the blackest treason, men looked upon it as the sense- 
 less bravado of the would-be agitator, as the empty vaporing of a 
 few senseless fools, whose sectional bias and hatred of free institu- 
 tion had enraged and intoxicated them. 
 
 When a day later the telegraph wires bore to a startled north 
 the stirring news, that Major Anderson had been compelled to 
 surrender, to what had been at first regarded as a drunken mob; 
 then the people looked and saw behind the curtain the dark spirit 
 of treason stalk forth throughout the land. The patriotism that 
 was bred in them leaped up and burned a steady flame upon the 
 altar of their country. 
 
 Thus startled, as it were, from their bright dreams of the future, 
 fro'm undertakings half completed, and realized that, that mob had 
 behind it a dark purpose; a deep, dark, well organized plan to 
 disrupt this great Union, destroy the government, and to erect 
 upon the ruins the oligarchy of slavery, and a slave-holding 
 aristocracy. 
 
 But it was "reckoning without their host," for immediately upon 
 the receipt of the news of the surrender of Fort Sumpter, President 
 Lincoln, who but a few short weeks before had taken the oath of 
 oflice as chief executive of the nation's will, issued a proclamation, 
 calling for 75,000 men, volunteers for three months. Scarcely had 
 the ink dried upon the pen, scarcely had the wires stopped vibrat- 
 ing with the message, as it sped along through all the northern 
 states, then the call was filled. Men were counted out by thous- 
 ands and money poured with lavish hand into the lap of the 
 nation. The people who loved their land and government, could 
 not give enough. Patriotism vibrated and pulsed and thrilled 
 through every heart. The merchant left his counter, the farmer 
 his plow, the bench gave up the judge, and even the college and 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 475 
 
 school furnished their porportion of the nation's defenders. Ail 
 lines of party were swept away, and but one thought seemed to 
 animate each breast — save the Union. 
 
 Not with insolence was the insolent flinging of the gauntlet met, 
 but with the calm, determined mien of heroes, whose patriotism 
 and love of country overpowered every other consideration. 
 
 But seventy-five thousand men were not enough to subdue the 
 rebellion — nor were ten times that number. The war went on and 
 call followed call,until it seemed that all the able-bodied men were 
 in the front, fighting the battles of their country. But to every 
 call, men and mone}'' were freely offered, readily and freely given? 
 and the people determined to crush out the foul treason and sub- 
 due the rebellion. 
 
 Such were the impulses, motives, and actions of the patriots of 
 the "Northland," among whom Howard's sons bore a conspicuous 
 part. 
 
 Tuesday, June 4, 1861, the board of supervisors, in session 
 assembled, ])y resolution appointed a committee, consisting of 
 Messrs. Gary Munson and St. John, to draft resolutions "in the 
 present crisis of nationa. afftiirs, and recommend some offers of 
 assistance to the general government." 
 
 The committee appointed, at once presented the following reso- 
 lutions, which were immediately adopted: 
 
 Whereas, The president of the United States has issued his 
 several proclamations for troops, to sustain our federal government, 
 and suppress the rebellion, therefore. 
 
 Resolved, That we, as the legal representatives of the county of 
 Howard, state of Iowa, do hereby, as loyal citizens and representa- 
 tives, pledge our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honors in sup- 
 port of the Union, the constitution, and the laws. 
 
 Resolved, That the resources and credit of the county of Howard, 
 both in men and money, be pledged to the last man and dollar 
 to support the government in suppressing the present rebellion: 
 
 Resolved, That in case of reverses to our arms, making necessary 
 an increase of our army, we will levy a tax on the taxable property 
 of our county, sufficient to support a company of one hundred 
 men, at least, in the field, by paying them five dollars extra over 
 government price. 
 
 Resolved, That we fully endorse the course of the administra- 
 
476 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 tion, and the action of our state legislature in regard to the present 
 emergency." 
 
 At the September session of the board they passed another reso- 
 lution, to pay ten dollars to each volunteer from the county for an 
 outfit. Also to allow the wives and widowed mothers of the 
 volunteers from Howard county, in service of the United States, 
 four dollars per month, and one dollar for each child under twelve 
 years of age. The clerk was ordered to audit their bills monthly, 
 and when so passed the treasurer to cash them at once. The first 
 who seems to have availed themselves of this allowance, was Mrs. 
 Amelia Johnson, of New Oregon, she having two sons in the 
 federal army. 
 
 At the August session of the board, 1862, the following resolu- 
 tion was adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That this board authorize the clerk to issue a county 
 warrant for fifty dollars to each accepted volunteer, not the head 
 of the family; and four dollars per month for each wife and 
 widowed mother, and one dollar for each child of the same, under 
 twelve years of age, of every accepted volunteer, on presentation 
 of proper bills, provided, that all of said volunteers be applied on 
 the quota of Howard county for the late call for 300,000 men for 
 three years, or during the war. 
 
 December 7, 1863, is the date of the following resolution adopted 
 by the honorable board: 
 
 Resolved, that this board hereby appropriate the sum of three 
 hunderd dollars to each accepted volunteer who shall enlist, from 
 this county, between this and the fifth day of January next, pro- 
 vided, this resolution shall not extend to enlistments beyond 
 filling our quota. Also the sum of four dollars per month to the 
 wife, and one dollar per month t > each child under twelve years of 
 age, as an additional bounty to the family of any accepted volun- 
 teer, who enlists from the county within the term above specified, 
 and that the clerk of this board be and is hereby authorized to 
 issue warrants, to parties entitled thereto, on presentation of the 
 proper certificates. And that we hereby levy an additional tax of 
 fifteen mills on the dollar, for the purposes of the above bounty, 
 and hereby instruct the clerk, to immediately, extend the same on 
 the tax list of this year. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWAED COUNTY. 477 
 
 As late as June, 1866, the following appear* upon the minutes 
 of the board: 
 
 "Board passed a resolution to pay every enlisted man the sum 
 of one hundred dollars, as bounty, who was either a regular or 
 volunteer, and who had received no bounty from this or any other 
 county or state, including all drafted men, who were credited 
 to Howard county. Also to men who enlisted, and through no 
 fault of their own, were credited to other places; and also to make 
 up the sum, to one hundred dollars, to all who enlisted from 
 the county, when the bounty given was a less sum than that 
 amount." 
 
 THIRD IOWA INFANTRY. 
 
 As a number of the men from Howard county were enlisted in 
 this, one of the most noted of the Iowa regiments, a short sketch 
 will not be out of place. 
 
 The "Old Third," as it is lovingly called by its late members,, 
 was organized in Dubuque, by Colonel N. G. Williams, and 
 mustered into the service of the government, JVlay, 1861. The 
 officers were: N.G.Williams, colonel; John ^cott, lieut. colonel; 
 Wm. M. Stone, major. 
 
 Its initial fight was at Blue Mills, Mo.; where it laid the founda- 
 tion for its after reputation as one of the best in the service. It 
 also took a foremost part at Shiloh, Tonn; Hatchie river, Mata- 
 moras, Vicksburg, and Jackson, Miss; Atlanta, and participated in 
 the Atlanta campaign, and Shei man's march to Savannah. 
 
 The regiment was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 12, 
 1864. 
 
 NINTH IOWA INFANTRY. 
 
 Col. William Vandever, of Dubuque, received, in August, 1861,. 
 a commission to raise a regiment of Infantry in the state of Iowa, 
 to be known as the ninth Iowa infantry. 
 
 Howard county, with the fires of patriotism burning brightly on 
 her altars, contributed sixty-eight men for company I, and four 
 for company H. 
 
 The regiment was mustered into the service of the United States, 
 ^September 24, 1861, except companies H, I, and D, whose times of 
 muster precede that date, being respectively, H Aug. 21, I Septem- 
 ber 18th, and 1) September 2d. On the 26th of September the 
 
478 HISTORY OV HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 regiment left Dubuque, for St. Louis, on the steamer Canada, and 
 arrived at that place on the 30th. 
 
 Here they remained for some time. After drilling, and inspec- 
 tion, for a considerable time, the regiment was pronunced fit for 
 duty, and on the 25th of January, 1862, was moved by rail to 
 Rolla, Missouri, and assigned to the army, then making preperation 
 to take the field against the enemy, under Major-General Samuel 
 R. Curtis. 
 
 The regiment was brigaded with the 25th Missouri infantry, 
 third Illinois cavalry and third Iowa battery, and the brigade 
 placed under the command of Col. Wm. Vandever, baring the 
 ninth, under the cdiimand of Lieutenant Frank Herron. The 
 movements, of this regiment has been given in the history of the 
 third Iowa battery, with which it was brigaded and whose exploits 
 are there related by an eye witness. 
 
 The exploits of this gallant regiment, at the battle of Pea Ridge, 
 have covered it with unfading laurels. The loss it suffered alone 
 would tell the tale, had we no better testimony, having, three 
 ofHcers, two non-commissioned officers, and twenty-eight privates 
 killed; six officers, thirty-eight non-commissioned officers and one 
 hundred and thirty -nine privates wounded, many of whom after- 
 wards died, and two privates missing. 
 
 Besides this engagement, called by the federal forces, the battle 
 of Pea Ridge and by tlie rebels the battle of the Elkliorn, the rgi- 
 ment took part in the fighting at Chickasaw ba3^ou, Arkansas 
 Post, seige of Vicksburg, Ringgold, Dallas, Lookout Mountain, and 
 were participants in the Avorld renowned Atlanta campaign, 
 and the subsequent march to the sea. 
 
 The ninth finally laid down its arms and was mustered out at 
 Louisville,. July 18, 1865. 
 
 THIRTY-EIGHTH IOWA INFANTRY. 
 
 Company I., of this regiment, was almost entirely, composed of 
 men from Howard county. 
 
 The regiment was mustered into the service of the United States, 
 at Dubuque, November 4, 1862, with D. H. Hughes, of Decorah, 
 . as colonel. It took a part in the seige of Vicksburg, the Red 
 river expedition under Ranks, and December 12, 1864, was consol- 
 idated with the. thirty-fourth infantry. Was mustered out at 
 Houston, Texas, August 15,1865. For full details of the move- 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUMTY. 47,9 
 
 ments of the regiment see page 307, history of Chickasaw county. 
 
 THIRD IOWA BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY. 
 
 As quite a number of the "boys" from Howard county were in 
 the third Iowa battery it has been deemed of interest to give here 
 a sketch of the same. We are indebted to the official report for 
 the facts and quote freely from it. 
 
 "This battery was organized by Captain M. M. Hayden, under 
 special authority from the secretary of war, during the months of 
 August and September, 1861, at Dubuque, under the name of the 
 the Dubuque Battery, and was attached to the 9th regiment Iowa 
 volunteer infantry. Col. William Vandever, commanding. On 
 the 3d of September, 1861, the first detachment was mustered in 
 by Captain Washington, William H. McCluve, of Cedar Falls, 
 Iowa, being mustered as first lieutenant, under whose charge the 
 detachment was placed in Camp Union, near Dubuque. 
 
 "The battery was speedily filled up be recruits, and on the 24th 
 of the same month, the final muster in as a battery took place; the 
 following being the list of officers: 
 
 "Captain M. M. Hayden; senior first lieutenant, W. H. McCluve; 
 junior first lieutenant, M. C. Wright; senior second lieutenant, W. 
 H. Crozier; and junior 2d lieutenant, Jerome Bradley. September 
 26th, the battery in company with the ninth Iowa infantry, left 
 for St. Louis, on the steamer, Canada, arriving on the 30th of Sep- 
 tember. 
 
 "The drill was here commenced, and clothing, etc., served out, 
 the necessary requisitions being made out for horses, guns, 
 harness, etc., were forwarded but owing to small supply and im- 
 mense demand they had some time to wait for them. 
 
 "November 13th, the men were sent to Pacific Cit}'-, Missouri, 
 thirty-five miles west of St. Louis, to guard the railroad, although 
 it would have puzzled any one to tell how, as they had no arms 
 of any kind. Here they remained during the greater part of the 
 winter. The guns and equipments were received by them Decem- 
 ber 1st. 
 
 "The battery consisted of four six-pounder bronze guns, and two 
 twelve-pounder howitzers. After much drilling and inspections 
 and reviews, in connection with the 9th regiment, they were pro- 
 nounced as fit for duty, and that with the reputation of being first 
 class in every particular. 
 
480 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY, 
 
 "On the 25th of January, they moved by rail to Rolla, and as- 
 signed to tlie army, then about to take the field, under General 
 Curtis, and whicli intended to move on Springfield, Mo., then the 
 headquarters of the rebel forces in that state. The l)attery set out 
 for the rendezvous of Curtis' army, at Lebanon on the the twenty- 
 eighth of January, sixt^'^-five miles, over one of the worst roads 
 ever seen. 
 
 "The continual rain and cold made this one of the most trying 
 marches raw troops could be called on to perform ; but in spite of 
 all, after six day's of hard labor, the battery reached Lebanon. 
 Here they were brigaded with the ninth Iowa infantry, twenty- 
 fifth Missouri infantry, and third Illinois cavalry, Col \Vm. Van- 
 dever commading." 
 
 The following is related in his report, by Capt. M. C.Wright, who 
 commanded the battery in 1864. As it is the testimony of an 
 eye witness we insert it in full as it covers the entire ground. 
 
 General Curtis commenced his forward movement on the 9th 
 of February, and on the 13th, took peaceable possession of Spring- 
 field, the enemy having evacuated their position on the night of 
 
 the 12th. 
 
 "The famous race after Price commenced early in the morning 
 
 of the 14th, and then the first live soldiering commenced. The 
 
 weather was exceedingly cold for the season, but no allowance was 
 
 made for this. On they pushed, making over twenty-five miles 
 
 the first day out of Springfield. Every efiVn't was made to force 
 
 the enemy to halt, and iight, but to no purpose. He seemed only 
 
 intent upon escape. In his flight everything which could retard 
 
 his progress was thrown away. Old wagons, lame horses and 
 
 mules, were ])y far too numerous along the road for anything short 
 
 of a race for life. 
 
 "At Flat creek, distant about fifty miles south of Springfield, 
 
 the battery was so fortunate as to get near enough to his rear guard 
 
 to give him a few sliells. This was their first gun at the enemy, 
 
 and the conduct of the battery was witnessed by Gens. Curtis, 
 
 Sigel, arid others, who only coniplainad that our boys drove them 
 
 off too quickly. This occurred on the the 15th. The pursuit was 
 
 still continued, and without eliciting anything of interest beyond 
 
 the evident intention of the enemy to escape, if possible, until our 
 
 forces had crossed the Missouri State line, and reached Sugar 
 
 creek, where Price, strengthened b}'^ the arrival of 3000 Texas and 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 481 
 
 Louisiana troops, under Ben McCuUoiigli, who had been sent 
 northward to meet him, as well as emboldened by a very advant- 
 ageous position, made a stand. The advance of cavalry coming 
 upon the enemy, and thinking that he was in small force, proba- 
 bly only stragglers from liis rear guard, charged him but were 
 forced to turn and fall back with considerable loss. 
 
 "Vandever's brigade was ordered forward at "double-quick," 
 and our battery was pushed up beyond the furthest point reached 
 by the cavalry, wliere our boys were greeted by a terrible fire from 
 a battery concealed in the front, and under this fire the third went 
 into battery and replied in the direction of the enemy, and such 
 was the coolness of the gunners and the deliberation with which 
 they delivered their fire, that in less than thirty minutes, not only 
 was their loud-mouthed opponent, against whom the principal fire 
 was directed; forced to limber up, and gallop off the field, but also 
 the cavalry and infantry, Avhich had deployed on the right and 
 front, was taken with a sudden disgust of shot and shell, and 
 betook themselves beyond reach before our own infantry were 
 able to get within musket range. This lively little brush cost the 
 battery two horses killed, and one caisson disabled by the enemy's 
 fire. ^ 
 
 "The affair was witnessed by Gens. Curtis and Sigel, and many 
 other officers Avho were on the ground, and the battery received 
 most unqualified approbation for the energetic, and skillful man- 
 agement of its guns. licing too much exhausted to push on, 
 they remained on the field that night, and until the second morn- 
 ing, Avhen, having gained some intelligenc of the enemy's where- 
 abouts, Gen. Curtis moved off to the right of the former coufse, in 
 the direction of Bentonville, intending to flank the position of 
 Price at Cross Hollow. 
 
 "The movement was a complete success. Our army flanked 
 the position, but the enemy were, in tlie meantime, in full retreat, 
 evidently, determined to place Boston mountain between them- 
 selves and harm. 
 
 "It being impossible to move farther southward, owing to the 
 exhausted state of the troo])S and horses, they went into camp at 
 Cross Hollows, Avhere they remained until the rebel army, 
 re-enforced by 10,000 men under Van Dorn, marching northward 
 to attack them compelled Gen. Curtis to fall back to the the strong 
 
482 HISTORY OP HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 position at Sugar ci*eek, or rather to the ridge beyond, known as 
 Pea Ridge. 
 
 This General Curtis did upon the 5th and 6th, of March, fortu- 
 nately without the loss which the enemy contemplated inflicting 
 upon him, viz: 
 
 "Whipping the army in detail; the army was camped at Cross 
 Hollows. Carr's (4th) division, nowever, alone, were at this point, 
 but Cutis' headquarters were here. Sigel's (1st) Asboth's (2d) 
 and Davis' (3d) were at, and near Bentonville, the army having 
 been separated on account of forage. 
 
 "On the 4th of March, a portion of Vandever's brigade, consist- 
 ing of detachments of the 9th Iowa, and 24th Mo., infantry, and 3d 
 111. cavalry, wrth one section of the battery under command of 
 Lieut. Wright, the whole commanded by Col. Vandever, started, 
 on a reconnoissance in the direction of Huntsville, Ark., distant 
 forty-five miles. This place was reached, and the object of the 
 expedition having been accomplished, it Avas about to start back 
 for Cross Hollows, when the arrival of a messenger from Gen. 
 Curtis, showed the folly of such an attempt^ as it would only result 
 in its falling into the hands of the^ enemy, Then commenced one 
 of the hardest marches, that was made during the war. The 
 troops were forced to march through one of the roughest countries 
 in the Union, ford White river, and make forty-seven miles in 
 one day. The ford over which they crossed was within seven 
 miles of Cross Hollows, and while our little force was crossing 
 here, the entire rebel army, under Van Dorn and Price, was at the 
 former place, though, happily for our boys ignorant of their where- 
 abouts. 
 
 So well did Col. Vandever mange the march, that no one was 
 allowed to escape, and thus give information to the enemy, of the 
 proximity. At length, after this most exhausting march the de- 
 tachment reached the camp of our forces at Pea Ridge about 9 p. 
 M., greatly to the joy and surprise of almost every one, who had 
 given it up for lost. The exhaustion of that march was so terrible, 
 that scarcely one who escaped the destruction of the next two 
 days' battle but could be found in the hospital; and many of 
 them, the victims of that day's march, are now in their graves. 
 
 "Early on the morning of the 7th, skirmishing havin ; com- 
 menced on the extreme right of our line, Vandever's brigade was 
 hurried to the front, and instantly became engaged. Two sections 
 
HISTOKY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 483 
 
 of the battery went into action under a terrific fire of both infantry 
 and artillery, which were posted in the front, about 300 yards 
 distant from Elkhorn tavern. The first Iowa battery, which the 
 third relieved, had already l)een terribly cut to pieces, and was 
 forced to leave the field. Before the battery had been in position 
 ten minutes, it had one gun disabled by thy enemy's artillery, one 
 limber blown up, and several men wounded and horses killed. So 
 destructive was the fire that Col. Carr, commanding the division, 
 who was on the ground, ordered the two sections to fall back, 
 which was immediately done. The entire battery again took up 
 position to the right of Elkhorn tavern, where it remained until 
 the entire division was forced to fall back in the evening. During 
 the day the enemy repeatedly charged the position, but were in- 
 variably driven back in confusion. In one of these charges they 
 managed to "secure one of the guns of the battery, which was 
 being placed in an elevated position, some distance to the left of 
 the battery, but was almost entirely unsupported. The division, 
 which entered the fight in the morning with less than 2,200 fight- 
 ing men, held their ground for over six hours against nearlj^ five 
 times their number, and not until over one-third of the entire 
 division had been killed and Avounded, did the eneni}', afterwards 
 known to be over 12,000 strong, succeed in forcing the gallant Carr 
 to retire. 
 
 "The suddenness of their final attack, with the meagerness of 
 the support, compelled the battery to leave two of their guns upon 
 the field. These guns, however, Avere not abandoned, until they 
 were sjdked, and every horse had been killed, and every man 
 serving with them, either killed or wounded. They fell back 
 some 400 yards, where, support coming to their aid, they kept up 
 fire with- the remaining guns, until darkness put an end to the 
 engagement. 
 
 "They remained on the field during the night, and participated 
 in the engagement of the 8th, which terminated in the rout of the 
 enemy, and his fiight from the field. 
 
 "The entire loss of the battery in the two days was, two men 
 killed, two officers and fifteen men wounded, twenty-three horses 
 killed, and three guns captured. They fired, during the engage- 
 ment, over 1,200 rounds of ammunition. The battery acquitted 
 itself nobly in this, one of the most sanguinary conflicts of the 
 
484 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY . 
 
 war, and received most complimentary notices in the official repoiia 
 of Cols. Vandever and Carr, also of Brig. Gen. Asboth. Three 
 days after the battle, the army was moved southward again, but 
 after one day's march, took the back track, and moved northward 
 to Keiths ville, where it remained until April 5th, when the army 
 commenced the march to Batesville, Independence county. Ark., 
 which point was reached without encountering anything of interest, 
 about the 10th of May. From thence they moved south to Searcy, 
 on little Red river, and afterward returned to Batesville, about 
 the 20th of June. 
 
 "From Batesville, Gen. Curtis commenced his celebrated march 
 to Helena, Ark., where he arrived on the 12th of Jul}'-, having en- 
 countered most terrible hardships on account of the excessive 
 heat, and great scarcity of provisions. Remained at Helena until 
 Gen. Steele's expedition against Little Rock was organized, in 
 August, 1863. 
 
 "During their stay at Helena, the battery was a portion of the 
 force in several expeditions, most prominent among which were 
 Hovey's Mississippi expedition, November 1862; Gorman's White 
 River expedition, January, 1863; and the Yazoo Pass expedition, 
 March, 1863. In the latter expedition thebattery took an active 
 part in the bombardment of Fort Pemberton, at the junction of 
 the Tallahachie and Yallabusha rivers. Returned to Helena, 
 April 8, 1863; remained in camp there until August 11th. The 
 battery took part in the defense of this place against the attack of 
 the rebels under Price, Holmes, and others, on the 4th of July, 
 1863. Fired over one thousand rounds at the enemy, but escaped 
 without any loss of men, owing to the excellent protection of our 
 fortifications. Had eight horses killed. 
 
 "During the fall of 1862, the battery was the recipient of a 
 splendid stand of colors, consisting of a banner and guidon — a 
 present from the ladies of Milwaukee, Wis. They were made of 
 the finest material, and bore upon their folds the names of the 
 diff'erent engagements in which the battery had participated. The 
 banner bore on one side the coat of arms of Wisconsin, and on the 
 other that of Iowa. They were accompanied by the most touch- 
 ing adth-ess from the donors, referring in most glorious terms to 
 the conduct of the battery in every duty it had been called upon 
 to perform, closing with a stirring appeal to the members of the 
 
HISTORY OF HOWAED COUNTY. 487 
 
 battery to protect well the trust thus placed in their hands, and 
 never to give up the struggle until these glorious colors should be 
 honored throughout the length and breadth of the land. Coming 
 from the ladies of a distant state, the battery was justly proud of 
 these colors. 
 
 "Forming a portion of Gen. Steele's forces in the Little Rock 
 expedition, it took part in the capture of that place, without any 
 loss. Also took part in the expedition of Gen. Rice against 
 Arkadelphia, in October, 1863. 
 
 "In December, 1863, and January, 1864, the battery re-enlisted 
 as veterans, under authority of the War Department, and in 
 February the veterans of the organization, with the officers, were 
 sent north on, furlough, from which they returned in May. After 
 that time the_ battery received new guns and a complete outfit, as 
 well as a large number of recruits. 
 
 "At the expiration of the original term of service of the battery, 
 September 26, 1864, the non-veterans were sent north, where they, 
 with Capt. M. M. Hayden, were mustered out, October 3, 1864. 
 
 The following is a list of killed and wounded at the battle of 
 Pea Ridge, Ark., March 7th and 8th, 1862: 
 
 Killed — Privates Dudley Gilbert and Freedom Jackson. 
 
 Wounded — Sen. 1st Lieut. Wm. H. McClure; Jr. 1st. Lieut. 
 Melvil C. Wright; Corpl. David H. Rowles; Privates Adolph 
 Borget, Charles N. Collins, Wm. Field, Richard J. Long, Ephraim 
 Odell, Francis M. Thompson, Jacob Yost (died of wounds), Thos. 
 Bunton, Theodore Connerardy, George W. Dearth, John F. Kelly^ 
 Joseph R. Maddock, Calvin J. Smith. 
 
 LIST OF COMMISSIONED OFFICERS IN THE THIRD IOWA BATTERY SINCE 
 
 ORGANIZATION. 
 
 Mortimer M. Hayden, captain, mustered out October 3, 1864. 
 
 Melville C. Wright, captain, promoted from first lieutenant, 
 October 30, 1864. 
 
 Wm.'H. McClure, first lieutenant, resigned September 4, 1862. 
 
 Jerome Bradley, first lieutenant, promoted A. Q. M., May 1, 
 1862. 
 
 Otis G. Day, first lieutenant, mustered out April 30, 1863. 
 
 Orlo H. Lyon, first lieutenant, promoted from second lieutenant, 
 April 28, 1864. 
 
488 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 Joseph J. Dengl, first lieutenant, promoted from second lieuten- 
 ant, October 30, 1864. 
 
 Wm. M. Crozier, second lieutenant, cashiered by sentence general 
 court martial. 
 
 Daniel U. Lee, second lieutenant, resigned October 11, 1862. 
 
 Leroy S. House, second lieutenant, resigned November 14, 1864. 
 
 Hiland H. Weaver, second lieutenant, promoted from first ser- 
 geant, October 30, 1864. 
 
 The third Iowa battery of light artillery, after holding part in 
 the battles of Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Lookout Moun- 
 tain, Seige of Vicksburg, Dallas, and the famous Atlanta cam- 
 paign, and marching with Sherman to the sea, was mustered out 
 of the service at Davenport, July 14, 1865. 
 
 ROSTER OF VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 It is almost impossible to give the entire list of the sons of 
 Howard county, in the service of the general government during 
 the civil war, as all were not credited to the county. But by a 
 careful investigation of the report of the adjutant general of the 
 state, supplemented by personal inquiry, it is hoped that the list 
 given is as accurate as the circumstances will admit. 
 
 THIRD IOWA INFANTRY — CO. D. 
 
 Charles P. Brown, Joseph S. Nefl', 
 
 Gearge H. Culver, Henry H. Sheldon, 
 
 R. E. Carpenter, Daniel Wise. 
 
 CO. I. 
 
 ' George Merchant, Isiah Wood, 
 
 John O'Donnell. 
 
 SEVENTH IOWA INFANTRY — CO. B. 
 
 W. E. Thayer, Joseph M. Gallahan, 
 
 David Seeley. 
 
 NINTH IOWA INFANTRY — CO. H. 
 
 Jasper N. Moulton, A. J. Cook, 
 
 Stephen Teeples, Alfred Knowlton. 
 
 CO. I. 
 
 Samuel Fellows, 1st lieut. Charles Kemery, 2d heut. 
 
 C. B. Ashley, David Garver, 
 
 John Logue, Levi Yantz, 
 
 Myrtello Barber, Isaac Bryan, 
 
 W. C. Bryan, S. A. Converse, 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 489 
 
 Joseph Capler, 
 James M. Johnson, 
 John Oren, 
 J. F. Powell, 
 Chas. W. Polley, 
 Lauriston AveriL, 
 Sherman Barnes, 
 George S. Briggs, 
 Joseph H. Fenton, 
 Daniel C. Harding, 
 Chas. D. Lockwood, 
 Daniel A. McMartin, 
 Harvey S. Ayres, 
 Hiram Birch, 
 John P. Freeborn, 
 Simon Hughes, 
 Robert Hurley, 
 Osborn Lutes, 
 William McCrea, 
 Charles L. Wilder, 
 J. D. O'Donnell, 
 Horace B. Rome, 
 D. M. Townsend, 
 Joseph Yantz, 
 Andrew Miller, 
 W. M. Colby, 
 Daniel B. Burke, 
 D. P. Griffin, 
 
 D. C. Horning, 
 Martin Kile, 
 Finley D. Pierce, 
 William L. Ransom, 
 T. J. Papin, 
 Amos S. Halstead, 
 Clark Johnson, 
 Benj. F. Knight, 
 John F. Knight, 
 Thos. J. Bridges, 
 Edwin Chapell, 
 Ezra M. Cole, 
 Francis A. Daniels, 
 John Goodenough, 
 Lewellyn Hurley, 
 Martin B. Jones, 
 John Long, 
 A. Strogher, 
 Lorenzo Wentworth, 
 Adam Vance, 
 Salisbury Sherman, 
 Hiram M. Townsend, 
 M. M. Wells, 
 Geo. A. Owen, 
 N. R. Johnston, 
 Walter Scofield, 
 Thos. J. Powell, 
 Walter Mintay. 
 
 V. R. Dunn, 
 
 TWELFTH IOWA INFANTRY — CO. G. 
 
 Fred. Radian, 
 Edward Rachan. 
 
 THIRTEENTH IOWA INFANTRY 
 
 John R. Curry, 
 Terence McGrary, 
 
 Isaac Cottrell, 
 Francis Craig. 
 
 TWENTY-FIRST IOWA INFANTRY- 
 
 John Becker. 
 
 -CO. A. 
 
 CO. I. THIRTY-EIGHT IOWA INFANTRY. 
 
 W. H. Powell, 1st Lieut., W. H. Patterson, 2d Lieut., 
 
 B. D. Everingham, Lewis L. Light, 
 
490 
 
 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 Jonas F. Adams, 
 Alva J. Stearns, 
 Madison Taft, 
 Samuel L. Thomson, 
 0. A. Bmiker, 
 0. D. Curtis, 
 Otis A. Adams, 
 Wm. H. Buckland, 
 Ard. Bryan, 
 Charles E. Booth, 
 Charles Craghill, 
 G. W. Dawes, 
 Geo. Duffy, 
 John Feather, 
 Isaac W. Poe, 
 Chas. W. Sawyer, 
 Wm. Winters, 
 
 C. F. Mitchell, 
 
 E. B. Sloan, 
 S. Hazledine, 
 M. C. Abrams, 
 
 D. C. Ashley, 
 Jos. W. Brown, 
 Jason Bennett, 
 Jno. P. Bossard, 
 L. p. Bayes, 
 
 F. L. Dauberschmit, 
 James Forester, 
 
 Adam Fussell, 
 
 A. J. Garnsey, 
 
 R. B. Henderson, 
 
 Robt. Logue, 
 Walter Mintey, 
 S. Nichols, 
 S. G. Oldham, 
 F. H. Ransom, 
 Philip Serfors, 
 Benj. Strawn, 
 Jas. Shaw, 
 Andrew Witt, Jr.,. 
 Peter Phillips, 
 Jay H. Phillips, 
 F. Richards. 
 Ole Talif, 
 Geo. W. Weller, 
 L. D. Huckins, 
 J. B. Kingsley, 
 C. M. Pepin, 
 A. S. Pepin, 
 Alex. J. Powell, 
 Sylvanus Pekin, 
 W. P. Rinia, 
 J. W. Maynard, 
 E. B. Millington, 
 Wm. Niles, 
 H. C. Obert, 
 James M. Phillips, 
 Edwin Phillips, 
 John B. Parrington,. 
 
 J. F. Sheldon, 
 Ezra Witt, 
 Enos. Wood. 
 Jas. Heldridge, 
 
 John Holverson, 
 
 FORTY-SIXTH IOWA INFANTRY — CO. F. 
 
 Ed. M. Ashley, George Daggett, 
 
 Henry Pierce, S. E. Trask. 
 
 SIXTH IOWA CAVALRY — CO. F. 
 
 Elijah Murry, William C. Storr, 
 
 W. F. Lyman, E. Miner, 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 491 
 
 Joseph Richards, 
 Peter Smith. 
 
 B. W. Sawver, 
 
 H. M. Harlow, 
 
 CO. K. 
 
 John M. Sawyer. 
 
 CO M. 
 
 C. J. Nichols. 
 
 THIRD IOWA BATTERY. 
 
 Geo. L. Brown, William Radford, 
 
 Edmund D. Howe, George H. Niles, 
 
 George W. Combs, Truman H. Smith, 
 
 James Q. Jones, 
 Michael Kelley. 
 
 Theod. B. Sheldon, 
 
 \V^>" 
 
492 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 Chronology of the County, Being an Account of the Prin- 
 cipal Events, Occurring in the County, From the Earliest 
 Time to the Present Moment, Arranged Chronologically. 
 
 1851. 
 
 During the month of December, Hiram Johnson erected his 
 humble cabin, and dwelt therein, the first white man to locate 
 within the bounds of what now constitutes the county of Howard. 
 
 1853. 
 
 This is the first year that any immigration came into Howard 
 county. It is told, that during the twelve months, Henry Brown 
 located in Oakdale township, Daniel Crowell and Andrew Nelson, 
 in Albion, William Cottrell, Thomas Lewis, William Brown 
 and H. Shuttleworth in New Oregon, and Owen Sprague, William 
 Harlow and others at Vernon Springs. 
 
 1854. 
 
 During the year S. M. Cole, James Q. Uj^ton, George Schofield 
 and others came to Vernon Springs. "Uncle" George Schofield 
 building the first house, in what was afterwards the villiage of 
 New Oregon. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 493 
 
 A. D. C. Knowlton, Joseph Knowlton, Oscar Chesebro, located 
 the first claims in Forest City township. 
 
 Jarecl Sigler and others in Saratoga, making the first settle- 
 ments in that township. 
 
 This same year it is also recorded, that C. S. Thurber and others 
 were the pioneers in the settlement in Albion township. 
 
 The first settlement of Afton township, was made this year, by 
 A. Pooler. Joseph Hall and others. 
 
 A. Kingsley and others settled in the township of Chester. 
 
 The first saw mill in the county, was erected this year, near 
 Vernon Springs, on the Turkey river, by Oren Sprague. 
 
 1854. 
 
 Saw mill at New Oregon erected by William Harlow, in the 
 early part of the year. 
 
 The first grist mill built in the county, erected at Foreston 
 
 First store, within the limits of the county, opened by Henry 
 Milder, at Vernon Springs, and known as the "Blue Store" to all 
 the settlers round about. 
 
 First school in the county, opened during the year by Miss 
 Harriet Cole, at Vernon Springs. 
 
 The first post office, established in the county was at "Oregon 
 Grove," and of which Hiram Johnson was appointed postmaster, 
 but before his commission had arrived, he had removed from the 
 county, and k^. M. Cole was appointed in his place. 
 
 This year, Lucy Thurber, the first white child was born, in the 
 county, and in October of this same year Jacob Harlow, the first 
 boy in the county, was born. 
 
 It is recorded that the first death to occur in Forest City town- 
 ship, was during this year, and was that of John Mortimer. 
 
 Howard township first settled by W. S. Pettibone and others. 
 
 The first settlement in Jamestown township made by Messrs 
 Van Houghton, Niles and Shaw. 
 
 During the winter of this year Robert Gilchrist, of Albion town- 
 ship was frozen to death, wliile attempting to cross the prairie. 
 
 1855. 
 The settlements during the year are Thomas Griffin and Patrick 
 Richards in Paris township; R. 0. Thayer W. E. Thayer and oth- 
 ers, in Howard Centre; C. D. Cutting, William and Dennis Rice, 
 in Jamestown township. > 
 
494 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 The second grist mill erected in the county, at Vernon Springs, 
 on the Turkey river. 
 
 S. M. Cole erects and establishes the first hotel in the county, it 
 being near the town of Vernon Springs; this hotel was for some 
 years the principal stopping place for M. 0. Walker's stages and 
 for all travelers and emigrants passing west. 
 
 The county organized this year, in accordance with an order is- 
 sued from the court of Judge Lyons, of Chickasaw county, and 
 first election held, resulting in the election of James G. Upton as 
 county judge, Edmund Gillett, county clerk; William Woodward, 
 recorder and treasurer. 
 
 Vernon Springs township was organized this year. 
 
 Postoffice established at the village of Lime Si)rings, with A. D. 
 
 C. Knowlton as postmaster; this being the first in the township 
 of Forest City. 
 
 The postoffice located at Arnoldsville was the first in Albion 
 township, and A. Allen was commissioned the postmaster. It re- 
 mained here, however, but a short time when it was removed to 
 Osborne. 
 
 C. M. Munson opened the first store, in the village of New Oregon, 
 
 during the year. 
 
 1856. 
 The settlement of Jamestown township dates from this year, 
 although a few settlers had pre-empted claims therein the year be- 
 fore. It is recorded that a party consisting of James A. Cutting, 
 
 D. P. Bradford, John Mofiitt and Lyman Southard, erected a 
 steam saw mill, which they had brought with them, near the town 
 of Riceville. Large immigration poured into this town this year, 
 among whom may be found, the names of Darius and Smith W. 
 Seeley. 
 
 The first election, ever held in the town of Jamestown, was the 
 presidential one of this year, which resulted in the election of 
 James Buchanan, to the position of chief executive of the nation. 
 
 April 12, Marcus De Moss born, the first birth in the precinct of 
 Jamestown. 
 
 John F. Thayer commences the erection of the hotel, at Howard 
 Centre, early in the year, and at the grand celebration held in the 
 grove near by, and at which M. V. Burdick and James G. Upton, 
 spoke, the lower story was used as aballroom,although the second 
 story was not built yet. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 495 
 
 The record of the survey and plat, of the town of Howard 
 Center, bears date of December 1, of this year. 
 
 The first postoffice in the toM'nship of Jamestown is established 
 in the spring, with D. P. Bradford, to handle the mails. 
 
 This yeaf proving dry, and the herbage growing dry, the prairie 
 fires, destroyed much propert}^ for the pioneers, and the cold 
 winter coming on, the coldest they had ever known, many being 
 without shelter, suffered, untold hardship. The fearful blizzard of 
 December 13, will be remembered by them all, and many suffered, 
 even unto d^ath, notably, among which is Mr. William Niles, who 
 attempting to cross but a short strip of open country, wandered 
 from the track, was lost, and perished in the darkness and the 
 storm. 
 
 Kev. John W. Windsor organizes the Congregational church at 
 New Oregon. This is the parent of the church of the same de-. 
 nomination npw located at Cresco. 
 
 The first marriage in the county is celebrated this year, being 
 that of Edmund Gillett to Miss Helen Barber, this was at Vernon 
 Springs. 
 
 The county seat is located at Vernon Springs, in the spring, by 
 order of Judge Upton, and the books and papers of the county 
 moved there and court held at that place. 
 
 The organization of Forest City township is perfected, and the 
 first election -held therein, resulting in electing C. S. Thurber, jus- 
 tice of the peace, and E. Bassett, town clerk. 
 
 The first school in the township of Forest City was opened and 
 taught by Miss Helen VanLeuvan, in the fall of this year. 
 
 Howard and Afton townships organized in one precinct during 
 the year. 
 
 Charles F. Bunker, born October 1st, being the first birth in the 
 township of Howard Center. 
 
 In the spring, in Albion township, the Baptist church was or- 
 ganized, with Rev. T. H. Miner as pastor. Later in the year the 
 '^lethodist of the community organized their church, and Rev. Wil- 
 liam Lease was chosen their sjuritual leader. The Church of 
 Christ was also organized this year, under the labors of Rev. Wil- 
 liam Phillips. * 
 
 During the fall of this year. Dr. Lewis Reynolds opened and 
 taught the first school in Albion township. 
 
496 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 The first regular village school was opened in the town of New 
 Oregon, and Daniel Mills assumed the tutorship. 
 
 1857. 
 
 Albion township was a part of Vernon Springs, until this year, 
 when it withdrew, andjcompleted a separate organization, and held 
 its first election, at which were cast some forty-eight votes, and re- 
 sulted in electing JamesNichols and James Oakley, justices of the 
 peace, and Josiah Kelley, town clerk. 
 
 The townships of Chester and Oakdale organized in one, under 
 the name of Iowa River, and at the first election, held in April, 
 forty-nine votes were polled, John Adams and W. Y. Wells being 
 elected justices of the peace, and C. M. Sawyer, town clerk. In the 
 same township the first regular district school was organized, and 
 taught by Miss Salinda Burknap, although it is said, that a school 
 had been in operation the year before, but of which there is noth- 
 ing known of a certainty. 
 
 Postofiice, at Howard Center, established; Henry Cook being 
 commissioned as the first postmaster thereof. 
 
 The organization of Howard Center township perfected, and first 
 election held March 13th, at the house of John F. Thayer, result- 
 ing in the choice of Frank S. Trew, as justice of the peace; Ira 
 Eldridge, Chas. H. Wood, and Calvin F. Webster, town trustees; 
 T. R. Perry, town clerk; R. 0. Thayer, and O. A. Bunker, con- 
 stables. 
 
 The township school board was also organized, and the first tax 
 levied in the precinct was one voted by the people for the purpose 
 of raising funds to erect a school house. The election took place 
 June 1st. 
 
 It is recorded that, all this year, the Rev. John W. Windsor 
 preached on alternate Sabbaths, at the town of Howard Center, 
 being the first to teach the word of God in that precinct. 
 
 February 5th, during a blinding snow storna, the flakes falling 
 so thick and last that none could see the flames half a mile off", 
 the hotel of John Thayer, at Howard Center, was destroyed by- 
 fire. There was, at the time of the breaking out of the conflagra- 
 tion, a school in session in the building taught by W. B. Stone. 
 Tlie fire caugl^t from a defective flue, or a brokCTi stovepipe, and 
 in a short time reduced the building to a pile of ashes. 
 
 The host, Mr. Thuyer was in the timber at the time, getting out 
 timbers for a barn, and when he saw the work of the devouring 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 497 
 
 elements, immediately commenced operation to rebnild him a 
 hotel, even before the glowing coals had lost their lirey breath, he 
 began his labors, and by the fourth of July next had the building 
 completed, and much larger and better than before. 
 
 I. C. Chamberlain teaches the first school in the township of 
 Paris. 
 
 The postoffice at Sturgis' Point, in the same town, located with 
 J. I. Sturgis as postmaster. 
 
 In Jamestown township the first election for township officers 
 was held, April 7th, and W. E. Thayer and D Patterson were 
 chosen constables; Willis Spencer and Darius Seeley, justices of 
 the peace; H. Ricker, Asel Fassett, and Smith W. Seeley, town 
 trustees. 
 
 The first school was also taught in this township, this year. Miss 
 Jane Chandler being the teacher. The building was built of logs 
 at "Round Grove," and for some years answered the purpose, when 
 it grew to limited, as to space, and was replaced with a larger one 
 of frame. 
 
 The first term of the district court, held in the county, was at 
 Vernon Springs, Samuel Murdock being the judge. It was at 
 this term that the first naturalization papers ever issued in the 
 county, were taken out by Joseph S. Schafer, an alien, who desired 
 to become a citizen of the United States. 
 
 During the fall the county seat was removed from Vernon 
 Springs to thf' town of Howard Center. 
 
 First movement of the people of the county toward a railroad 
 was initiated this year; a vote of the people offering the North- 
 western railroad $150,000 to build a road into the county. This 
 proved of no avail, as that railway never accepted the bonus nor 
 built any track in that direction. 
 
 The Baptist church, at Vernon Springs, organized, with Rev. C. 
 E. Brown as pastor. The first school, in the same township, 
 opened and taught this year by Aaron Kimball. 
 
 1858. 
 
 Howard County Sentinel, the first paper published in the 
 county, established February 18th, by a stock company, with J, 
 Howard Field as editor. This paper was ijuite a su«cess, u til it 
 was burned out in the following year, and never re-established. 
 
 The Star of the west, another journal, was established, at New 
 
498 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 Oregon, by Gilmore & McKay, but it had a life of but eleven 
 weeks, ere it died. 
 
 George W. Haislet starts the Northern Tight, a weekly paper at 
 Howard Center; it lasted but one year, when it was removed to 
 more congenial climes. 
 
 This seems to be a good year for newspapers, for we learn that 
 the North Iowa Gazette, a democratic organ, under the editorship 
 of Messrs. Harrison & Peck, issues its initial number. The dura- 
 tion of its life was only about a year, as it expired from want of 
 patronage, there not being many democrats in the county. 
 
 During the summer the organization of Saratoga township, and 
 the consequent election, is recorded. T. J. Gibbons being chosen 
 justice of the peace, and John R. Buckbee, town clerk; fourteen 
 votes were polled. 
 
 County seat moved from Howard Center and located on the 
 bluff, between New Oregon and Vernon Springs villages, by the 
 -commission, consisting of M. V. Burdick, G. N. Holbrook, and 
 George Bronson. These gentlemen were appointed by Judge 
 Upton for the purpose, in answer to the wishes of the i:)eople of 
 the county, and, finding that it could not be granted to either of 
 the above mentioned towns, compromised the matter by giving 
 it to neither, but placed it half way between them. The court 
 house was commenced at that point this year, but was not finished 
 and occupied until the next spring, and was paid for by the 
 private subscription of both villages. 
 
 Methodist church, at Vernon Springs, organized, with Rev. Fall 
 
 as pastor. 
 
 The Congregational church, at Saratoga, organized, and the first 
 
 school, in that place, opened b}"^ Miss Emma Seeley. 
 
 At the organization of Paris township, this year, the vote polled 
 was but twenty-three, and P. Smith was elected justice of the 
 peace, and P. Griiiin, town clerk. 
 
 Afton township was also organized this year, polling forty -eight 
 votes, and electing A. M. Cowan and R. Wooten, justice^ of the 
 peace. • 
 
 The organization of the Methodist church, in Afton township, 
 dates from tliis year. 
 
 The town of Chester laid out, in March, by A. Eaton, and the 
 first postofiice established, and Mr. Eaton installed as the post- 
 tnaster. 
 
 • 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARp COUNTY. 499 
 
 Methodist church, at Chester, organized, in March, by Rev. Mr. 
 Norton, with seven members. 
 
 The first marriage in Albion township takes place, being that of 
 Ralph Watson to Miss Martha Cassety, the ceremony being per- 
 formed by Elder Griffin, a Baptist minister. 
 
 This year the Episcopal and Roman Catholic churches, at New 
 Oregon, were organized. The former under the pastorate of Rev. 
 Mr. Waterbury. 
 
 It was during this year that the "gold fever" broke out in the 
 northern part of the county, sonie deluded creatures conceiving 
 that the auriferous metal could be found in paying quantities on 
 the banks of the Upper Iowa river. The mania had its run, but 
 that was to short, and the craze being over, the men settled down 
 to work, and were once more reasonable beings. 
 
 1859. 
 
 The court house, on the blufif, near Vernon Springs and New 
 Oregon, finished and occupied as such, in February. 
 
 The New Oregon Plaindealer established, uy H. Lick and W. R. 
 Mead; this has proved one of the few successful papers. With- 
 standing the storms and adversities of early journalism, it;, has 
 rode triumphant into harbor. Continuing in New Oregon, until 
 May, 18G7, it was then transferred to Cresco, Avhere it yet remains 
 under the charge of W. R. and F. J. Mead. 
 
 The first Baptist church within the precinct of Forest City, was 
 organized this spring, with Rev. C. E. Brown, as pastor and 
 spiritual guide. The Methodist churches, at Foreston and Lime 
 Springs, and the Presbyterian churches in both the above places, 
 were also instituted during the year. 
 
 1860. 
 
 The large stone grist mill, at Lime Springs, was completed this 
 year, although partly built the year previous. M. M. Marsh was 
 the sole owner and builder, and at the time of its construction 
 the finest in this section. 
 
 The first delinquent tax sale, in the county, was held, this year, 
 and was but slimly attended. 
 
 186L 
 
 The mode of county government being clianged this year from 
 the hands of the county judge to that of supervisors, one from 
 each township; tlie board met January 7th lor the first time. 
 
500 HISTORY ofThoward county. 
 
 The southern slave states having now risen in arms against the 
 government, the board of supervisors, on June 4th, }>ass a resolu- 
 tion to sustain the honor of Howard county, by pledging the 
 resources of the county to the federal government, both in men 
 and money. In September they pass an ordinance, by which they 
 agree to pay every man, enlisiing from the county, ten dollars as an 
 outfit, and also to pay monthly, to the wives of such, the sum of 
 four dollars, and one dollar to each child under twelve years 
 of age. 
 
 Company I, ninth Iowa infantry, raised in the county, and 
 mustered into the service of the United States, September ISth. 
 This company did good service in the fiery battle front, returning 
 at the cloje of the war with much thinned ranks, and leaving 
 many a loved comrade in the cold embrace of death, tar away in 
 southern swamps. 
 
 1862. 
 
 The summer breezes blowing down from Minnesota bring the 
 fearful tidings of Indian massacre and butchery. Thousands flee- 
 ing for their lives, leaving their property to be destroyed by the 
 red fiends, came for shelter to Howard county, creating quite a 
 scare. The county government asked the state for arms, but 
 before the "circumlocation office" had got round to it, the need 
 had passed away, and all was quiet once more. 
 
 Company I, thirty-eighth Iowa infantry, raised in the county, 
 and marched to join the boys in the front. This company was 
 mustered in at Dubuque, November 4th, and served its full time, 
 until the close of the war. 
 
 1868. 
 
 The board of supervisors, of the county, submit to the ratifica- 
 tion of the legal electors of the county, the question of donating 
 all the swamp lands of the county to aid in the construction and 
 equipment of the McGregor Western railroad, on the condition 
 that they would build a railroad from North McGregor westward 
 to intersect the county from east to west. At an election held' 
 October 19th, the people, by a large majority, proclaim themselves 
 in favor of such donation. 
 
 The cemetery in Howard township laid out, also the first person 
 interred therein being Mrs. Harriet N. Talmage, who had drowned 
 herself, while suffering under a temporary aberration of mind. 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 501 
 
 The board of supervisors of the county, finding that it was still 
 necessary to find a few more men to fill the quota of Howard 
 county, in the federal army, offer the Kum of three hundred 
 dollars to all who will enlist, and be accepted, between December 
 7th and January 5th next, and their wives and children to receive 
 the same monthly ])ayments as had been paid to the others. 
 
 1865. 
 
 The board of supervisors, wanting to change the location ol the 
 county seat, declare that the present court house is unfit for the 
 purpose, the weather having rotted it down, until it was unsafe for 
 the records, and ordered the officers to remove the said records 
 and i)apers to Vernon Springs. The board met at the latter place, 
 but the records, etc., were not moved owing to the objections raised 
 against it. 
 
 The time in which the McGregor Western railway was to get 
 their track and roadbed into the county, having expired before 
 they were enabled to do so, they asked the people to extend the 
 time on the contract, which, at an election held in October, was 
 accordingly done. 
 
 During the year the first effort was made to purchase a poor 
 farm, and erect a poor house, but it fell through for want of, the 
 proj^er support. 
 
 1866. 
 
 In the spring of this year the McGregor Western railroad crossed 
 the boundary of the county, and first broke ground for their track 
 within its limits. J^ntering in section twenty-three, in Vernon 
 Springs, the road passes northwest and leaves the county on 
 section ten, Oakdale township, traversing the northeast corner, and 
 skirting the north line of the county. The people and officers of 
 the county justly complained at the action of the railroad com- 
 pany, in not comi)lying with the terms of the contract entered 
 into by them with the county, which recites that the road was to 
 cross the entire length of the county, from east to west. This was 
 the source of much trouble and litigation in the future. 
 
 The town of Cresco was laid out and platted, and the said plat 
 placed on record, June 12th, of this year. There have been several 
 additions made to this plat since, and now covers nearly four 
 times as much territory as at first laid out. 
 
 The first settlement of the town also dates from this year. 
 
502 HISTORY OF HOWARD CO UNTIf, 
 
 The London Times, in an issue early in the ensuing year, quotes 
 the town of Cresco as an example of the wonderful growth of the 
 American western towns, and says "that in six months a bald 
 prairie is covered with stores, shops, and dwellings of a thou- 
 sand inhabitants, and resounds to the hum of rushing business." 
 
 The first school, in Cresco, also dates from this year, and was 
 taught in the house, afterwards used jis a private residence by Mrs. 
 Bateman. 
 
 1867. 
 
 In the course of this year, the board of supervisors of the county 
 are presented with a petition, signed by Augustus Beadle and 
 others, praying that the seat of the county government be re- 
 located at Cresco, and offering, if that was done, to erect a suitable 
 building to be used as a court house, and for the use of the county, 
 donate it free of any charge whatever. A committee of the whole 
 being appointed to view the proposed site of the building, was 
 reported upon favorably, and the board accepted the offer, and 
 ordeied the county officers to remove the records, files, papers, 
 and offices to the new court house, when it was finished. The 
 Howard county court house association immedialely commenced 
 the erection of the structure, which was finished in June, and the 
 removal made. Owing to the opposition of many in the county, 
 the county seat was not formally relocated, but by a legal fiction 
 was still supposed to remain at "the bluff," but for the conveni- 
 ence the court house, at Cresco, was recognized as the real county 
 seat. 
 
 January 20th the Howard County Times was born. The pro- 
 prietors, Messrs. Wood & Mix, establishing the same under the 
 most favorable circumstances. This paper passed through many 
 hands since, but has never lost its prestige, as one of the brightest 
 and best of northern Iowa's papers. 
 
 1868. 
 
 The board of supervisors submit to the action of the qualified 
 electors, the question of levying a special tax, to furnish the 
 necessary funds to purchase a poor farm, and erect suitable build- 
 ings, but on account of the hard times, owing to the depreciation 
 in values, consequent on the close of the war, the people of the 
 county saw fit to deny the tax, and for the time being the matter 
 was dropped. 
 
HISTORY Oi> HOWARD COUNTY, 503 
 
 The matter of the McGregor raih-oad again crops out, in a 
 petition to the legislature of the state, praying that body not to 
 legalize the action of a former board of supervisors, donating all 
 the SAvamp lands of the county, to the road, on the plea, that the 
 said company had not complied with the terms of its contract., 
 This matter was afterwards carried into the courts, and consider- 
 able litigation carried on, but in the end the matter was com- 
 promised, and the railroad allowed to hold possession of the 
 lands in dispute, on the condition that the company put a depot 
 at the town of Chester. '^ 
 
 On the night of March 15th, the office of the county treasurer 
 
 was burglariously entered, the safe broken open and the contents, 
 amounting to $13,000, abstracted. There has been no clue to the 
 thief or thieves, nor never will be, in all probability, but suspicion 
 was, and is, rife. This loss was a serious loss to the county, al- 
 ready burdened with debt, and helped to retard the settlement of 
 the county. 
 
 The railroad locate their depot within three-fourths of a mile of 
 Lime Springs and the new town, Lime Springs station, sprung into 
 being. This town, like its neighbor, Cresco, grew with a surpris- 
 ing growth and before winter had cast its snowy mantle over the 
 ground, quite a town stood on what was a before a fertile farm- 
 Among the first merchants in the place, we find the names of Peter 
 Velie, Jr., S. L. Gary, J. F. Cameron, W. F. Daniels, J. E. Foster^ 
 C. C. Hewitt, Joeseph Knowlton, H. P. Marsh, M. M. and A. E. 
 Marsh, Ohlquist Bros., and Alonzo Pettit. 
 
 The postoffice at Lime Springs station was established this year, 
 with James Greenleaf as postmaster; he however, did not occupy 
 the position, but about a month when on his resigning it, Alonzo 
 Pettit was appointed, and still holds that office. 
 
 The town of Cresco is incorporated, and an election held for city 
 officers, April 20th, resulting in the choice of Isaac Gregory, for 
 mayor; .W. R. Mead, recorder; Henry Widner, attorney; B. 
 Chapin, treasurer and L. T. Woodcock, J. Clemmer, John C. Clark 
 and John E. Peck, as council. 
 
 1869. 
 
 The station at Chester, located this year, and the business of the 
 town receives a new impetus. 
 
504 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTV, 
 
 The independent school district of Cresco, organized, this year 
 and the main part of the school building, at that place erected. 
 
 The Methodist church, in Jamestown township, was organized 
 during the course of this year, by Elder Mapes, with some fifteen 
 members. 
 
 1870. 
 
 The indebtedness of the county in its present state of floating 
 warrants proving an incubus upon the finances of the treasury, the 
 board resolved to bond it and create a sinking fund for the re- 
 demption thereof. This was accordingly done, and bonds issued 
 in sums of $100, and the whole debt placed in shape. It is owing 
 to this and the able management of the funds since, that the 
 county enjoys its present good financial condition. 
 
 By the law of the state board, the of supervisors is reduced, 
 this year, to the number of three. 
 
 The bridge at Lime Springs, then in the process of construction, 
 falls in ruins. 
 
 Presbyterian and Baptist churches in Lime Springs station, built 
 during the year. 
 
 James Hendricks builds and opens the hotel in that part of the 
 town of Riceville, which lies in Howard county, 
 
 1873. 
 
 October 21st, the Cresco Times, passed into the hands of L. E. 
 Smith, who is at present the sole proprietor and owner. 
 
 The People's Representative, a weekly newspaper, starts on the 
 stormy sea of journalism. This paper seems to have succumbed 
 to the tide of adverse fates, as it no longer exists. 
 
 At the election, held in October, this year, "Jerry" Barker, re- 
 ceived 656 votes, and W. W. White, 651, for auditor. The latter 
 being the incumbent of that office, contested the election, claim- 
 ing illegal votes on the part of the o])position. The matter 
 continued for some time and the conflict waxed warm. The board 
 of supervisors took the matter in hand and decided to appoint Mr. 
 Barker to the office, claiming the right to do so; to this Mr. White 
 objected, sajdng that the board had no right to remove him, and 
 that the law api3roved of his right to hold the office, until his suc- 
 cessor was elected. He was shortly reminded of the fact, that 
 as he had been appointed by the board, to fill a vacancy, and not 
 elected the same power could rescind the appointment. This 
 
HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 505 
 
 view of the matter caused Mr. White to surrender, and Mr. 
 Barker entered upon the duties of the office, early in the ensuing 
 year. 
 
 1874. 
 
 The school building, at Cresco, proving not large enough, the 
 west wing, of that structure, was built this year, adding consider- 
 able more room. 
 
 The Rlethodist church of Ricevilie, was erected and dedi- 
 cated in the early part of the year. This is one the neatest speci- 
 mens of gothic architecture in the county. 
 
 1875. 
 The wrought iron bridge at Florenceville is constructed during 
 the year. 
 
 1876. 
 The first normal institute, in the county, is held during the 
 spring of this year. J. C. Gilchrist, of St. Paul was the director 
 and was assisted by J. Breckenridge, of Decorah, and Miss Bucklin, 
 ofCresco. 
 
 iri May, of this year the town of Lime Springs Station is incor- 
 porated. 
 
 December 31st, the court house, at Cresco, is destroyed by fire 
 and all the court records and valuable papers reduced to ashes. 
 The fire is thought to have been of incendiary origin, but of this 
 there yet lacks' proof. About midnight the alarm was given and 
 all hastened to the burning building, but to late to be of^ any good, 
 as the flames had gained such a headway as to defy their feeble 
 efibrts. A strong effort was made to save the papers in the court 
 room, but the heat and the dense volumes of smoke drove back, 
 all such as volunteered for the forlorn hope. In a few short hours 
 the building was reduced to a pile of glowing ashes, and smoking 
 heaps of rubbish. 
 
 1877. 
 
 This year will ever remain notorious, from the defalcation and 
 absconding of the treasurer, Frank Kyte. It seems, that Monday, 
 July 12th, the news was received in Cresco, that Mr. Kyte was 
 drowned at McGregor, the afternoon before. On receipt of intlli- 
 gence, several of the most prominent citizens, left for the point in 
 question to verify the report, and if true, to recover the body. On 
 their arrival at that city the}'^ found that, althoug strenuous efibrts 
 
506 HISTORY OF HOWARD COUNTY. 
 
 had been, and were being made that no sigus of the corpse were 
 visible. After developments opened the eyes of all, and the con- 
 viction was forced upon them, that instead of being drowned, 
 Frank Kyte, had decamped with $18,500 of the county's money, 
 and that the story of his drowning was a plot, to cover up his 
 tracks. 
 
 The corporation of Cresco, extends its limits southward so as to 
 take in the bluff, whereon rested the legal county seat, and so ab- 
 sorbing, as it were, that honor. This settled the county seat ques- 
 tion, it is hoped definitely. 
 
 1878. 
 
 The people of the county, SBeing that a rigid adherence to the 
 letter of law, and a strict government of the bond of Frank Kyte, 
 the defaulting treasurer, would work the financial ruin of many 
 persons who had signed it, petition the board of supervisors to 
 compromise the matter with them. This was accordingly done, 
 and the matter rested. 
 
 1880. 
 
 The new court house, at Cresco, rebuilt and re-occupied by the 
 county officers. 
 
 The first class to graduate, from the Cresco high school, held its 
 commencement exercises this year. 
 
 1881. 
 
 The debt, of the independent school district of Cresco, is bonded 
 by resolution of the board of school control. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Jail and sheriffs residence erected, in court house square, by 
 the county. 
 
CHICKCSAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 507 
 
 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES 
 
 NEW HAMPTON. 
 
 Sam. J. Kenyon, attorney at law, was born in Oneida county, 
 New York; in 1847. In '56 he went to Wisconsin with his pa- 
 rents, and settled in Walworth county; came to New Hampton in 
 '69 and engaged in the practice of law, Is a graduate of Milton 
 college. Rock county, Wisconsin, his legal studies being subse- 
 quently pursued under the preceptorship of Governor Wyman 
 and Robert Harkneso. He is a son of Thomas and Nancy Ken- 
 yon, who were natives of England. Married Lilly H'-adley, a na- 
 tive of Wisconsin. They have four sons. Mr. Kenyon was 
 mayor of New Hampton two years, is a prominent lawyer and an 
 influential citizen. 
 
 H. Klatt & Bros., meat market, New Hampton; business estab- 
 lished in '81. The Messrs. Klatt Bros, are sons of August Klatt,of 
 Prussia. H. Klatt, senior member of the firm was born in Ger- 
 many in '55, and is married to Dorotha Mandel, a native of Cook 
 county, Illinois. They have one son. Albert Klott, junior mem- 
 ber of the firm, was born in Germany in '57. came to America in 
 71 and located in Chicago, Illinois, where he remained until '81. 
 The above firm does an extensive and constantly increasing busi- 
 ness. 
 
508 CHICKASAW.COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES 
 
 \^ 
 
 Hon. J. H. Powers, ex-state senator, and a prominent attorney 
 of New Hampton, was born at Rochester, Windsor county, Vt., in 
 1830. His parents were Alonson 0,nd Sarepta Martin Powers, both 
 natives of Vermont. In 1836, he moved with his parents to Free- 
 dom, Portage county, Ohio, where he resided until 1857. He re- 
 ceived an academic education, at Kingsville, Ashtabula county, 
 Ohio, and studied law one year with Judge Taylor, of Milan, teach- 
 ing in the Berlin academy atjthe same time. He next studied law 
 with Walker & Gunekel, a well-known law firm of Dayton, Ohio, 
 ond subsequently spent one year in Texas. Mr. Powers had, in 
 addition to his mental labors, served an apprenticeship of five 
 years at the mason's trade, ufitil he was twenty years of age, and 
 worked six months at bricklaying upon Hiram college, Ohio, the 
 college made famous by the now historical fact that the late Presi- 
 dent Garfield was at one time its president. In Texas, Mr. Pow- 
 ers built the court house and jail (and two brick business build- 
 ings) in the town of Bastrop, and also one dwelling northeast of 
 Austin, beyond the capitol. Returning to Ohio, he attended the 
 law school at Cincinnati, and after graduating, came to Iowa, lo- 
 cating at Waukon, Allamakee county, in 1855; where, being with- 
 out money, he set the boiler and built the chimney for a steam 
 saw mill. On the death of his father, he returned to Ohio, and 
 after settling up the affairs of the estate, once more located in 
 Iowa, selecting the embryo town of Forest City, in Richland town- 
 ship, Chickasaw county, as his future home. Here he also set the 
 boiler, and did the necessary brick work, in the erection of a mill, 
 and was for a time deputy clerk of the county court. Mr. Pow- 
 ers settled at New Hampton in 1857, and has been in continued 
 practice of the law at that place ever since, except during the time 
 of his legislative service, and his service in the army. In 1858 he 
 was elected a road supervisor, and in 1859, was called by the voice 
 of the people to represent his senatorial district in the state legis- 
 lature, in which latter capacity he served during the first session, 
 and the extra — known as the war — session, resigning his office to 
 enter the volunteer service as a private in company B, seventh 
 Iowa infantry. He was subsequently promoted to the captaincy 
 of company I, ninth Iowa infantry, and served until disabled, in 
 1863. In 1864 he was appointed draft commissioner, and drafted 
 fifteen companies, filling the quota assigned. He was also exam- 
 
 \ 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 509 
 
 ined in Washington, passed, and received a commission in the in- 
 valid corps, but never took the oath of olfice. Capt. Powers has 
 been prominently identified with the republican party of this sec- 
 tion for many years; has attended nineteen state conventions as a 
 delegate — and once in the "lobby" — and was a delegate to the na- 
 tional republican convention at Chicago, which nominated Gar- 
 field for the presidency in 1880. He was one of the principals in 
 the organization of the Bank of New Hampton, which subsequent- 
 ly consolidated with the Chickasaw county bank, thus forming 
 the First National bank of New Hampton. August 31, 1859, he 
 was married to Miss Eugenia F. Stebbins, daughter of Capt. Aaron 
 Stebbins, of Long Meadow, Massachusetts, and they have three 
 children living — Isabella Eugenia, Edwin Hosmer and Julius H.; 
 two — Clarence P^ugene and Alonson Aaron — being deceased. He 
 has been an active member of the Congregational church of New 
 Hampton ever since the organization of the society. Capt. Pow- 
 ers takes especial pride in the fact that his material success has 
 been achieved through a series of persistent efforts, and loves to 
 refer to the days when with his own hands he built houses and 
 followed the mason's trade, laying brick on the first brick house in 
 Chickasaw county; diging, besides, the early wells, plastering 
 houses and building chimneys here in New Hampton. As noted 
 elsewhere, he was also the contractor who erected the first court 
 house in Chickasaw county. The captain's life has, indeed, been a 
 busy one, and many are the stories of pioneer hardship he could 
 relate — of tramping miles to obtain work, and in carrying on his 
 senatorial canvass; of his first visit to New Hampton, on foot, and 
 with only twenty-five cents in his pocket; while it is undoubtedly 
 true that no man in the county possesses so complete a fund of 
 valuable historical information, and early reminiscences of the 
 count}" of Chickasaw. In the latter direction he has for years 
 taken especial pains, in the gathering of facts and the collection of 
 relics, and should he ever issue from the press a work of his own, 
 
 it will be certain to contain much interesting matter that must else 
 remain forever unwritten. At the most useful point of a long and 
 successful career, Mr. P. can scarcely look back upon the varied 
 incidents of the past, and no doubt realize the true strength of the 
 contentment which comes from the persistent overthrow of even 
 the most formidable obstacles. 
 
510 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 M. T. Stocks, marble cutter, was born in Stephenson county, Ill- 
 inois, in 1854, removed with his parents to Iowa in '55, and settled 
 in Washington townsliip this county. Came to this place August 
 1st, '82, and engaged in business as above. 
 
 S. R. Shear, photographer,' was born in Chemung county, New 
 York, in '32, and is a son of R. L. and Mary A. Shear, the former a 
 native of Canada, the latter of New York. In '45 he came to Lake 
 county, Indiana, where he lived eleven years. In '56 he moved to 
 Winnesheik county, Iowa, remaing there until '69, when he came 
 to New Hampton, and engaged in business as above. Married 
 Jane E. Miller, a native of Wisconsin, and they have five children, 
 Edgar M., Allen, Millie A., Ida M. and Ethel P. 
 
 Osmon Dana, liveryman, was born in Franklin county, N. Y., 
 in 1831, came west in '50, and settled in Lake county, Illinois, and 
 lived there until '58, when he moved Bremer county, Iowa, and 
 engaged in farming. In '78 he came to New Hampton, having 
 purshased the Central house, which he conducted until April, '82, 
 when he bacame a member of the firm of Dana & Bayne, Mar- 
 ried Mary Ann Sutherland, a native of New Nork, and they have 
 one son and five daughters. 
 
 W. D. Stafford, hardware merchant, was born in Geauga county, 
 Ohio, in 1833, whence he removed at the age of fifteen, with his 
 parents, to West Union, Iowa. In '67 he came to Fredericksburg, 
 this county, and engaged in the hardware business, moving to 
 New Hampton in '70. His parents were David and Lucindia 
 Stafford, natives of New York. Married Harriet E. Utter, a native 
 of IJinois, and they have one son, Linn G. Mr. S. has been a 
 member of the board of supervisors three years, and is a member 
 of the M. E. church. 
 
 John Foley, of the firm of Foley & Heming, luniuer dealers. — 
 Fortunately for the development of our country, it is not infre- 
 quently the case that the successful and representative citizen has 
 obtained the recognition which it is the laudable ambition of all to 
 secure, only through a series of contests with repressive circum- 
 stances; that the early life of the average successful man has been 
 a battle against adverse wirids, a struggle against conflicting tides. 
 It is at once the advantage and the pride of the majority of our 
 public men, that they have had, at one time or another, to wrestle 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. . 511 
 
 with the "bread and butter" problem, and have splendidly earned 
 their position and their leisure. The subject of this sketch fur- 
 nishes an apt instance of- the ultimate advantages of self-help. 
 Coming to Chickasaw county when but sixteen years of age, he 
 has by intense application, sound judgment and entire trustwor- 
 thyness, won his way to a handsome competency, an enviable po- 
 sition, and a popularity as deserved as it is exceptional. Mr. F. 
 was born in the county of Galway, Ireland, August 14, 1841. His 
 parents were Thomas and Catherine Foley, who immigrated to 
 America in 1847, settling first in Nova Scotia, whence, after an 
 eight months' residence, they went to Massachusetts, in which 
 state they lived about two years, going thence to Baltimore, Md. 
 His father died in Baltimore, in 1852, a sister also having previ- 
 ously died in Lowell, Mass. Of four children, John is the only 
 one living. In June, 1857, he came with his mother to Dubuque, 
 this state. Having fears for his health, which was at that time 
 anything but robust, after a month's residence in Dubuque, John 
 came to Chickasaw county, where his mother soon joined him. He 
 settled on a farm in section 20, town 97, range 12, in Jacksonville 
 township. Here he immediately began to utilize -the native in- 
 dustry and sturdy common sense that have since characterized 
 him as one of the county's most progressive citizens, working hard 
 upon the farm, and employing his leisure moments in educating 
 himself for the more ambitious work before him. He soon began 
 to teach school during the winters, continuing his unremittent ef- 
 forts at self improvement meanwhile. So commendable a course 
 could but bring .the most desirable results, and while his worldly 
 substance increased, his personal popularity kept pace; so much 
 so, that in 1871 he was elected by a very flattering majority to the 
 responsible position of county treasurer. Immediately on enter- 
 ing upon tlie discharge of the official duties he moved his family 
 to New Hampton, and has ever since been a prominent resident of 
 this thriving count.y seat. To the office of county treasurer he 
 was re-elected three successive terms, holding the office four terms 
 
 or eight years in all, and so satisfactory was his performance of 
 his duties as to elicit the merited approval of the citizens irrespec- 
 tive of party lines. We might select many printed testimonials 
 as to his fitness for public responsibility, but the following from 
 the New Hampton Courier of October 4th, 1873, will suffice: 
 
612 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 "Attentive to the duties of this office, cordial in his intercourse 
 with the taxpayers and correct in his business, he has made scores 
 of friends and not a single enemy. It is infinitely to his credit 
 that without fear, without favor and without prejudice, he has 
 sought to perform the duties of the place rather than to build up 
 a clique who should conspire to keep him in office. A man of 
 the people, he has faithfully performed the people's work, with an 
 eye single to their interest. He found the finances of the county 
 embarrassed, its credit depressed, and distrust of its financial con- 
 dition and management universal. When he took possession of 
 the treasurer's office county warrants had not been redeemed over 
 the counter for years, but had been hawked about the streets and 
 peddled from hand to hand, until they finally found their way 
 into the hands of the money brokers, at a discount to the people 
 of from ten to thirty per cent. His advent to the treasurer's of- 
 fice changed all this in a single day. Public confidence rose as by- 
 magic. The ability of the county to meet its obligations prompt- 
 ly, was no longer doubted. County warrants commanded their 
 face in greenbacks on the street and in the treasurer's office. They 
 have continued to do so up to this hour. The people of Chicka- 
 saw county owe Mr. Foley a debt of gratitude. He has done 
 their work ably, faithfully and for the compensation fixed by 
 law. In his official capacity he has known no friends and no 
 enemies. He has favored no organized rings, and sought to buijd 
 up no special interests; but with rigid impartiality has dealt hon- 
 orably with all. More than this, at the thne of his election, he 
 was perhaps the only man in the county upon whom all the ele- 
 ments in opposition to treasury misrule could have been concen- 
 trated, He accepted the office of treasurer at a positive sacrifice 
 of his private business interests." 
 
 Prior to holding the office of treasurer, Mr. Foley had been a 
 member of the board of supervisors one term, and was for nine 
 years connected with the school board of his town. He is an ar- 
 dent friend of education, and labors assiduously for its advance- 
 ment. In 1881 he was for a time heavily engaged in railroad con- 
 tracting on the Marion extention of the C. M. & St. P. railroad, 
 and in the spring of 1882 entered the lumber business with Mr. H. 
 H. Heming, forming the present firm of Foley & Hemming, than 
 which there is no more enterprising and reliable firm in the coun- 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 513 
 
 ty. In politics Mr. Foley is a life-long democrat, which fact, when 
 we consider that Chickasaw is a strong republican county, gives 
 added significence to his popularity. In the fall of 1881, without 
 solicitation or even consultation on his part, he was nominated by 
 his party for state senator, to represent the districts composed of 
 the counties of Bremer, Howard and Chickasaw, but the urgent 
 demands of his private business affairs compelled him to withdraw 
 from the canvass. He was a delegate to the democratic national 
 convention at Cincinnati, which nominated Hancock in 1880, re- 
 ceiving the very flattering endorsement of the convention to se- 
 lect delegates at Burlington, where there were many contestants 
 for the honor. At this writing (October, 1882), Mr. Foley is the 
 candidate of his party in the state, for the highly important office 
 of state treasurer, having been nominated without effort on his 
 part, at the late state convention at Marshalltown. Mr. Foley's 
 mother died iu the spring of 1877. He was married in 1866 to 
 Miss Mary Conley, of this county. His costly residence in New 
 Hampton is a model of convenience and elegance,the surroundings 
 betraying tnc refinement of taste which necessarily accompanies 
 well directed physical energy and intellectual activity. Mr. F. 
 was reared in the Catholic faith, and steadfastly adheres to the re- 
 ligion of his ancestors. 
 
 C. E. Phelps, station agent was born in Darien. Genesee county, 
 New York, in 1839, and in '45 moved to Madison, Wisconsin, 
 where he remained until '4U, when he removed to Omro, Wiscon- 
 sin, at which place he was for more than three years in the em- 
 ploy of the railroad company. Mr. P. came to New Hampton in 
 '71, and became the station agent of the C. M. & St. P R. R. com- 
 pany at this place, which position he has ever since continued to 
 acceptably fill. He is a son of Elijah and Hannah Knowles 
 Phelps, the former a native of Connecticut, the latter of Rhode 
 Island. The subject of this sketch was married in '60 to Louisa 
 
 A. Bigalow, of New York, and has three children, Ada L., Clyde 
 
 B. and Arthur C. In '60 he enlisted in company A, third Wis- 
 consin cavalry, and received his discharge in July, 1863' During 
 the greater part of his term of service he was a clerk at department 
 headquarters. 
 
 Dr. J. T. P^erguson, dentist, was born in Jeff*erson county, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1844. His parents were John C. and Anna Alcorn 
 
514 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Ferguson, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of 
 Ireland. The family moved to Washington county, Iowa, in '57 
 and to Dayton township, this county, in 70. The subject of this 
 sketch farmed and taught school at intervals, pursuing the study 
 and practice of dentistry meanwhile under Dr. J. P. Campbell, of 
 this place, and he opened his dental rooms here in 77. Married 
 Miss A. M. Moore, of Washington county, Iowa, in '69, and has six 
 children, Estella M., Ira P., Amos K., Lorenzo G., Clarence E. and 
 Josiah A. 
 
 Gideon Gardner, or Deacon Gardner, of New Hampton, as he is 
 more familiarly known, was born in Plainfield, Hampshire county 
 Massachusetts, February 23, 1807, his parents being Benjamin and 
 Molly Tirrill Gardner. His father, the youngest of seven brothers, 
 was a soldier in the revolutionary war. The head of the Gardner 
 family came over in the Mayflower, and Governor Gardner, of 
 Massachusetts, was one of his descendants. William Gardner, an 
 uncle of Gideon, was aid-de-camp to General Washington. Benja- 
 min Gardner was a farmer, his son following the same avocation, 
 remaining in Massachusetts until 1831, working awhile at the ma- 
 son's trade, in Pittsfield. In the above mentioned year he came 
 west as far as Ohio, halting in the town of Chester, Geauga county, 
 where he worked at his trade and taught music. Three years later 
 he went to Medina county, working at his trade in the summer, 
 and teaching music in the winter, as well as carrying on a farm, 
 buying wool and dealing in stock during a portion of the time. 
 He was for three years engaged in merchandising in Chatham, 
 Medina county, and in 1854 immigrated to Grinnell, Iowa. There 
 he aided in laying out the town, founding the college, organizing 
 the Congregational church, at which time he was chosen deacon. 
 He remained at Grinnell two years, farming and iii the business 
 management of a store, and in 1856 he was' sent, with Mr. Homer 
 Hamlin, by a company, in search of land on which to locate a 
 colony. They inspected land adjoining the county lines of How- 
 ard and Chickasaw counties, but prices being unsuitable, they 
 started to return to Grinnell. On their way back they were very 
 favorable impressed with the beauty, soil and natural advantages 
 of the country in and about where New Hampton now stands, and 
 accordingly' purchased eighty acres of land on the present town 
 site of New Hampton, and obtained the refusal of thirty acres 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 515 
 
 more. They then returned to Grinnell, and while there they in 
 duced Mr. H. Gurley to return with them, offering him as an in- 
 ducement the right to purchase the thirty acres for which they had 
 the refusal. This proposition Mr. Gurley accepted, purchased the 
 thirty acres, and is still a resident of New Hampton. Mr. Ham- 
 lin, who was suffering from ill-health, from the consequences of 
 which he subsequently died, returned to Grinnell in 1858, and in 
 1867 Mr. Gardner purchased Mr. Hamlin's interest in the eighty 
 acres above mentioned. Thus it will be seen that Mr. Gardner 
 was the original proprietoi; of most of the land upon which stands 
 this flourishing; little city; he surveyed and platted the townsite, 
 there being less than a half-dozen families here at the time. In 
 July, 1861, Mr. Gardner entered the seventh Iowa infantrv as cap- 
 tain of company B, and was discharged in September, 1862, on ac- 
 count of age and physical disability — serving as major when he 
 left the regiment. While in Medina county, Ohio, he was county 
 assessor two years, and during his early residence at New Hamp- 
 ton, was justice of tlie peace for, some time; was chairman of the 
 county board of supervisors for a number of years, and was mayor 
 of the city one term. Mr. Gardner was originally a whig, then a 
 free soiler, and latterly has been a republican. He has been a 
 member of the church for half a century, helped to organize the 
 New Hampton Congregational church, and was its first deacon. 
 His Christian character is unimpeachable; his life has been a 
 model of the purest religious type, and has been a power in the 
 advancement of the community's highest interests. In 1827 he 
 was united in marriage to Naomi Parker, who died in Decem- 
 ber, 1879. She was a very estimable lady, who exemplified the 
 highest Christian graces in her every -day life, and whose death 
 was the occasion for sincere sympathy and grief on the part of all 
 who knew her. Of three children but one is living, Weston D. 
 Deacon Gardner has entered upon his seventy-sixth year; he is six 
 feet and two inches tall and with his erect form and patriarchal 
 beard, is an exceptionally fine illustration of "how to grow old 
 gracefully." He has married grandchildien, who venerate his 
 name, as do the citizens of the entire community in which he re- 
 sides. 
 
 H. H. Potter, attorney at law, wrs born in St. Clair county, 
 Michigan, in 1842. His early life was spent in Michigan, where 
 
616 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 he received an academic education. Mr. P. came to Chickasaw 
 county in 1865, and settled in Bradford township. Soon after- 
 wards he was elected county surveyor, which position he held 
 four years. He read law with A. G. Case, now of Charles City, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1870, and immediately began 
 practicing in New Hampton. Mr. Potter was married to Florence 
 Somerville, of Davenport, Iowa, in 1872, and they have one child, 
 Arvin. Mr. P. is a member of the Congregational church, and is a 
 republican in politics. 
 
 W. D. Gardner, son of Capt. Gideon Gardner and Naomi Parker 
 Gardner, was born in Massachusetts in 1829, and moved with his 
 parents to Ohio, in 1882, and accompanied his father to Grinnell, 
 Iowa, in 1854. He settled on a farm near Grinnell, and was en- 
 gaged in farming ten years. In 1864 he came to New Hampton, 
 and became proprietor of the New Hampton house, which he con- 
 ducted eleven years. In 1877 he engaged in the drug business in 
 company with Mr. Olmstead, which business he still continues. 
 Was married to Harriet M. Lj^on, also a native of Massachusetts, 
 and they have four children — Lyman B., Hattie S., Ida W. and 
 Henry Ward. 
 
 John A. Green, county treasurer, was born March 17, 1842, and 
 is a son of Hazard Green, who came to Lake county, Illinois, in 
 1845, where the family lived for about ten years, coming to Chick- 
 asaw county in 1854, and settling in Jacksonville. The subject of 
 this sketch enlisted in company C, thirty-eighth Iowa infantry, 
 as second lieutenant, and served (itteen months. He was post- 
 master of Lawler for a period of about ten years, and was elected 
 to his present position in 1879, and re-elected in the fall of 1881. 
 
 Harrison Gurley, a pioneer whose action and useful career has 
 enabled him to retire from business, was born in Tolland county. 
 Connecticut, January 14, 1815. He is a son of Roger and Pamelia 
 Bicknell Gurley, both of whom were natives of Connecticut. The 
 family are descendants of Sir William I)e Gourley, of Scotland, 
 who came to the new world when he was but fourteen years of age, 
 in 1679, changing his name upon arrival to {)lahi William Gurley, 
 and taking up his residence with a Dr. Stoddard, in Connecticut. 
 William Gurley was drowned when twenty. two years of age, leav- 
 ing a son, Samuel, from whom, as above stated, the subject of this 
 sketch is a descendant. At twelve years of age Harrison Gurley 
 
CHICCA8AW COUNTV BIOGRAPHIKS. 517 
 
 went to Windom county. Connecticut, remaining there until 1835, 
 when he went to Hartford, his parents remaining in Windom 
 county. At Hartford he was first employed as a clerk, afterwards 
 engaged in the grocery business, and subsequently in merchant 
 tailoring. In 1855 he immigrated to Grinnell, Iowa, where he re- 
 mained about one year, during which time he was a dealer in- 
 general merchandise. In the fall of 1856 he removed to New 
 Hampton, moving his stock of goods hither from Grinnell, pur- 
 chased thirty-three acrc^ of land, on part of which now stands the 
 town of New Hampton, and was for ten years the only merchant 
 in the place. In 1876 he was chosen president of the Hank of 
 New Hampton, which position he held until December, 1881, 
 when the bank was consolidated with the Chickasaw County bank, 
 the two forming the present First National bank of New Hamp- 
 ton, of which Mr. Gurley is still a director. His father, Captain 
 Gurley, was an officer in the revolutionary war. The subject of 
 our sketch was postmaster of New Hampton several years, and has 
 for forty years been a member of the Congregational church. In 
 politics Mr. Gurley is a republican. He married Isabell M. Ham- 
 ilton, a daughter of James Hamilton, of New York, and they 
 have one son. Royal H., who was born in 1861, and is now in his 
 second year at the Iowa State Universit3^ 
 
 VV. L. Darrow, banker, was born in Genesee county, N. Y., in 
 1835, and is a .son of Luther and Hannah Kinne Darrow, his father 
 was a native of Washington ceunty, New York, his mother of 
 Vermont. The subject of this sketch lived in Genesee county 
 until 1864, receiving his education at a graded school, and was for 
 a portion of the time engagetl in school teaching. In 1864, his 
 health failed him, he immigrated to lovva, driving a fiock of sheep 
 from his native state througli to this state, and walking the entire 
 distance, save from Dunkirk to Toledo. He arrived at New 
 Hampton about eigliteen years ago, and camped near the townv 
 sleeping the first night on the ground. Mr. Darrow next pur- 
 chased a farm in Dccifield township, tiiis county, where he en- 
 gaged in larming till 1870, when he removed to New Hampton, 
 and engaged in money loaning and tJelling sewing machines and 
 organs. This business he continued until 1879, when he went in- 
 to banking and brokerage. in this latter year, in com])any with 
 Mr. B. G. Smith, lie erected tlu- hamlsome brick business block in 
 
518 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 which they now do an increasing business. Mr. Darrow has 
 broken over 1,000 acres of land in Chickasaw county, and opened 
 a number of farms, a portion of which he has sold, but still pos- 
 sesses 1,200 acres of improved lands, the larger portion of which is 
 in Washington towaship. He is one of the ruost active, capable 
 and trustworthy citizens of Chickasaw county, and as such, com- 
 mands the res])ect and confidence of the citizens generally. .Mr. 
 Darrow was married to Maria, Douglas, a native of Hillsdale coun- 
 ty, Michigan, in 1864,and they hav^e one daughter, Verna. Mr. D. 
 is a member of the M. E. church, and is a republican in his poli- 
 tics. 
 
 Dr. I, K. Gardner, physician and surgeon, was born in Canada 
 West, in 1846, his parents being U. S. and Mary M. Gardner, the 
 former a native of Pennsylvania, the latter of Berne, Switzerland. 
 His parents moved to Sanilac county, Michigan, when he was 
 four years of age, coming thence to New Hampton, in 1865, and 
 settling upon the same farm upon which they have ever since re- 
 sided. Mr. Gardner i^tudied medicine under the preceptorship of 
 Dr. Mixer, of New Hampton, and subsequently graduated from 
 the medical department of the University of Michigan. Return- 
 ing to Chickasaw county he located at Lawler, in' 1870, practicing 
 medicine there, until 1877, when he formed a partnership with his 
 former preceptor. Dr. Mixer, and removed to New Hampton. He 
 is a member of the state medical society, and the American Medi- 
 cal association. Dr. Gardner married Maggie Gardner, a native of 
 Michigan. Drs. Mixer & Gardner are among the most prominent 
 -and successful physicians of northeastern Iowa. 
 
 J. A. Albertson, deputy sheriff, was born in Stevenson county, 
 Illinois, in 1818, his parents being Albert and Mary Ann Albert- 
 son, both natives of Indiana. In 1852 he moved to West Union, 
 Iowa, lived there about two years, and moved thence to Albany in 
 the same county. At Albany he lived about eighteen months, 
 coming thence to the old village of Chickasaw, in this county, in 
 1855. His home was at Chickasaw until 1874, when he came to 
 New Hampton to reside permanently. During the intervening 
 years, however, Mr. A. was absent for periods of various duration 
 from his home in Chickasaw. December Jst, 1861, he entered the 
 government service, taking charge of a corral at Tipton Missouri, 
 and in March, 1862, he went to St. Louis and enlisted in company 
 
CHICKASAW COL-.XTY BIOGRAPHIES. 519 
 
 H, fourth Iowa cavalry, receiving his discharge February 23, 1864. 
 He served with his regiment in various campaigns, and was with 
 the company during the seige of Vicksburg. After the expiration 
 of his term of service he returned to Chickasaw county and engag- 
 ed in the milHng business until 1868, in which year he was elected 
 county sheriff, serving in this official capacity two years. He was 
 subsequently occupied in prospecting and mining among the 
 mountains for about three years. Mr. Albertson became deputy 
 sheriff of Chickasaw county January 1, 1882. lie is a representa- 
 tive pioneer, and a citizen of sterling worth, who merits the univer- 
 sal respect in which he is held by his fellow citizens. In 1864 he 
 was married to Arminta M. Miller, of Tioga county. New York,and 
 has one daughter, Dora. 
 
 D. B. Sneden, justice of the peace, attorney at law and insurance 
 agent, was born in New York city, in 1815, some months after the 
 death of his father, Capt, David Jesse Sneden, who lost his life in 
 the heroic performance of his duty as a sea captain, while off the 
 coast of Virgini'a. His mother, Mary Berrien Sneden, also died 
 when the subject of this sketch was about eight months old. D. 
 B. Sneden lived witli .Judge Thompson, assaoLate judge of the 
 court of Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania, at Great Bend, In 
 that county, until 1839, when he returned to New York city, hav- 
 ing a brother and three sisters living there. Thence in 1844 he 
 moved west to. Madison, Wisconsin, where he subsequently built 
 one of the largest brick blocks at that time in the city.. From 
 Madison he went to Omro, Winnebago count}^, wliere he resided 
 twenty -one years, during wliich time he held various public of- 
 fices of responsibility and trust. While in Winnebago county he 
 was at one time a condidate on the democratic ticket, for member 
 of the state legislature, against Hon. Geo. W. Beckwith, and re- 
 duced a republican majority of 900 to 343. He came to New 
 Hampton in 1871, was elected justice of tlie peace during the same 
 year, and has held the office ever since, with the exception of the 
 year 1878. Mr. Sneden tirst studied law with tlie Hon. Franklin 
 Lusk, of Susquehanna county, one of- Pennsylvania's leading law- 
 yers, and was admitted to the bar in Wisconsin, and again in this 
 state. He was tirst married in Pennsylvania to Lucy Buck, who 
 died of consumption, in 1843, and in 1847 he married Miss Susan 
 
 Phelps, of Dane county, Wisconsin. He has three daughters — 
 
520 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Alice v., now Mrs. H. J. Guest; Florence V., now Mrs. E. P. 
 Sherman, and Blanche C, now Mrs. S. G. Boyce. The Sneden 
 family is an old, extensive and highly respected family, who are 
 settled principally in and about New York and Philadelphia, and 
 are of ancient Holland and French derivation. Mr. Sneden has 
 lost by death two children by his first marriage, Lucy C. and 
 
 William A. 
 
 « 
 
 Hiram Shaver, attorney at law and mayor of New Hampton, 
 was born in Groton, Tompkins county. New York, December 8th, 
 1845, and is a son of Seymour and ¥j. Carpenter Shaver,, both of 
 whom were natives of New York. When he was two years of age 
 his parents moved to Kendall county, Illinois, where they remain- 
 ed seven years, going thence to Green county, Wisconsin. They 
 remained in Green county nine years, when they removed to Del- 
 aware county, where they resided three years, after which, in 1867 
 they went to Butler county. In the spring of 1868 the subject of 
 our sketch began the study of law under G. C. Wright, teaching in 
 the public school meanwhile, was admitted to practice in January 
 1871, and in April of that year, located at New Hampton, this 
 county, where he has ever since been engaged in the practice of 
 his profession He was elected mayor of New Hampton in 1881, 
 and re-elected in 1882. He married Estella Van Dorn, a native 
 of Saratoga Springs, New York, and they have two children — P^s- 
 tella rnd Roll a. 
 
 Dr. A. H. Wight, county ^'ecorder, was born in Schujder county 
 New York, in 1843, and is the eldest son of G. F. and Polly Wight, 
 the former a native of Maine, the latter of New York. His pa- 
 rents removed to Dodge county, Wisconsin, when he was nine 
 years of age, where he lived until 1861, when he enlisted in com- 
 pany E, tenth Wisconsin volunteer infantry, serving three years, 
 and receiving his discharge at Madison, Wisconsin. He was 
 wounded three times, once at the battle of Chickamauga, and 
 twice at the battle of Chaplain Hills. Mr. W. served one year as 
 second lieutenant in the eleventh Michigan regiment. On his re- 
 turn from the army he located at Bellevue, Michigan, and studied 
 medicine under Dr. H. T. Fero. He graduated at the Ann Arbor 
 Medical Institute, in the class of '70, came west and located at 
 Ionia, this county, where he practiced medicine until 1880, in 
 which 5^ear he was elected to his present official position. He 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 521 
 
 married Ellen S. Hemenway, a native of New York, and they 
 have one child — Clarence. In politics Dr. Wight is a staunch re- 
 publican. 
 
 E. H. Yarger, proprietor of the Central house, was born in Cen- 
 ter county, Pennsylvania, in 1854; came west to Stark county, 
 Ohio, in 1856; removed to Paris, Edgar county, Illinois, in 1857, 
 where he lived one year, going thence to Green county, Wisconsin, 
 and thence to webster county, Iowa. Here he lived on a farm 
 from 1869 to 1876. From Webster county he moved to Green, 
 Butler county, where he lived three years, going thence to Hamp- 
 ton, Franklin county, Iowa, at which place he was engaged in the 
 printing business. He then went to sumner, Bremer county ,where 
 he ran the sumner Gazette, and from there to Clarksville, Butler 
 county, where he became the proprietor of the Tremont House. 
 In April, 1882, he came to New Hampton, and assumed the 
 proprietorship of the Central House. He was married, August 14, 
 1880, to Emma Cannan, a native of Hampton, and they have four 
 children — Clara-, Emma, Elmer and Ettie. 
 
 J. M. Lynch, county clerk, was born in Dayton, Montgomery 
 county, Ohio, May, 12, 1855. In '58 the family moved to Chicka- 
 saw county, Iowa, settling in Utica township. They subsequently 
 removed to Lawler, where his father engaged in the mercantile 
 business, young J. M. being employed as clerk. Upon the death 
 of his father J.M. closed out the business, and was for some time 
 thereafter a clerk in various establishments. In '77-8 he was en- 
 gaged in trade in company with J. A. Green, dealing in drugs and 
 groceries. He then sold his interest in the business and accepted 
 a position in the Bank of Lawler, in which position he was occu- 
 pied at the time of his election to the county clerkship in '80. He 
 married Maria T. Kerby, a native of this county. They have one 
 child — John D. 
 
 A. E. Bigelow, president of the First National bank, was born in 
 Genesee county. New York, in 1830, came west in '41, and settled 
 in Kenosha county, Wisconsin, where he remained until 1850. He 
 then went to California. Three years later he returned to this 
 county and settled in old Chickasaw, and engaged in farming un- 
 til '64, when he came to New Hampton, having been elected 
 county treasurer the preceeding fall. After the termination of his 
 term of office he entered the banking business, establishing the 
 
622 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Chickasaw County bank in company with J. H. Easton, of De- 
 corah, which bank is now known as the First National bank of 
 New Hampton. He has been for a number of years largely inte- 
 rested in real estate transactions, and was for two years sheriff of 
 Chickasaw county, having been the second person elected to that 
 position. He married Adeline Smith, of New York. They have 
 six children, Lillie, Carrie L. Grant M., Dayton F., Harrie and 
 Clyde. 
 
 Edward T. Runion, one of Chickasaw county's well known pio- 
 neers, is a son of Adam and Mary Moss Runion. and was born in 
 New York in 1818. At an early age he left home and traveled 
 through New York, and the west, stopping at Cleveland Ohio,when 
 he was about eighteen years old. At Cleveland he lived twenty- 
 five years, and subsequently seven years at Berea, Ohio, coming to 
 New Hampton, this county, in '56. Here he engaged in farming, 
 and started the first blacksmith shop in New Hampton in '57. 
 Nearly all of his home farm is within the present town limits of 
 New Hampton, his residence being a large and costly brick struc- 
 ture. He owns in all 240 acres, among the most valuable lands in 
 Chickasaw county. His town property is especially valuable, lots 
 being in demand at high drices. Mr. R. married Elizabeth Falvey 
 at Cleveland, Ohio. They have three children — John, Hannah 
 and Allie. 
 
 A. C. Boylan, attorney at law, was born in Mercer county, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1853. His parents were A. A. Boylan and Eliza 
 McFarland Boylan, the former a native of Pennsylvania, the lat- 
 ter of Ohio. In the fall of '56 the family moved to Green county, 
 Wisconsin, where they remained until '66, when they came to 
 Utica township, this county. A. C. Boylon lived upon the farm 
 here about four years, tlien attended the Bradford academy three 
 years, after which he was for three years a student of the State 
 University. In the fall of '76 he read law a short time at Charles 
 City, going thence to West Union, where he prosecuted his legal 
 studies under the prece})torship of L. L. Ainsworth until October, 
 1878, when he came to New Hampton and entered the practice «f 
 his profession, in which he has ever since been lucratively engag- 
 ed. December 1, '81, he was married to Mary A. Fitch, daughter 
 of E. S. Fitch of New Hampton. 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 523 
 
 0. B. Sherman, dealer in general merchandise, was born in Ben- 
 nington county, Vermont, in 1825, and is a son of Sterling and 
 Jane Sherman, natives of Vermont. He lived on a farm with his 
 parents until '55 when he came to Milwaukee,Wisconsin,remaining 
 until '67, during which year he moved to New Hampton, and en- 
 tered into his present business. Mr. Sherman married Caroline 
 T. Port3r, a native of New York, and they have two sons — Ed- 
 ward and Charles. Mr. Sherman is a staunch republican in 
 politics. 
 
 J. A. Lapham, county superintendent of public instruction, 
 was born in Rock county, Wisconsin, in 1854, and is a son of C. T. 
 and Olivia Lapham, both of whom are natives of New York. 
 When he was one year of age they moved to Fayette county, Iowa, 
 where they lived until '74, and then came to this county and lo- 
 cated near Fredericksburg, soon after removing to Bradford, 
 where they still reside. Mr. L.'s early life was spent on his father's 
 farm, and subsequently he engaged in school teaching, in which 
 profession he continued until his election to his present jjosition 
 in '81. Was married to Ella Ranch, a native of this county, and 
 they have one child. 
 
 Hoi'ton Mandeville, sheriff of Chickasaw county, was born in 
 Genesee county. New York, in 1829, and is a son of Michael and 
 Elsa Maria Corey Mandeville, natives of New York. In '39 the 
 family moved to Rockford, 111., where they still reside, and where 
 young Horton grew to manhood. In '54 he came to Iowa, and lo- 
 cated in Bradford, in this county, engaging in the mercantile busi- 
 ness, which he continued five years. Then going to Cedar Falls, 
 and engaging in the livery business, returning to Nashua, this 
 county, in '64. Mr. M. was engaged in various business enter- 
 prises 'from that time until '81, in which year he was elected to his 
 present office. 
 
 Joshua Sutter, dealer in groceries and provisions, was born in 
 Switzerland in 1839, and was educated at the State University at 
 Chur, receiving his diploma in 1865. Mr. S. came to America in 
 '66, locating at Prairie du Chien, where he was employed as a 
 teacher in the German and English schools until '75, when the in- 
 stitution was consolidated with the public schools, he continuing 
 as principal of the German and English department until '78, re- 
 signing his j)osition on account of ill-health. Mr. S. then came to 
 
524 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 New Hampton and engaged in business as above. Was married 
 to Emily Bothin, a native of Prussia, and they have three children 
 — Emil. Ida and Alvin. 
 
 W. J. Springer, attorney at law, born in Macon county, Illinois, 
 in 1852. In '55 his parents moved to Iowa county, Iowa. His 
 parents were W. G. and Lydia Springer, natives of Kentucky. The 
 subject of our sketch read law in the office of Rumple & Lake, of 
 Marengo, and was admitted to practice in August, 1879, at which 
 time he located in New Hampton. Married Mary E. Wilson, a 
 native of Ohio. They have two children — a son and daugh- 
 ter. 
 
 C. A. Harris, junior member of the firm of Kipp & Harris, deal- 
 ers in general merchandise, was born in Worcester county, Massa- 
 chusetts, in 1837, and is a son of Almon and Charlotte Sage Harris, 
 natives of Massachusetts. In '54 he came with his parents to 
 Chickasaw county and settled in Deerfield township; in '67 he 
 moved to Chickasaw, where he remained four years in the general 
 merchandise business; in '70 he was elected county recorder, and 
 held the office ten years. Six months after going out of office he 
 purchased an interest in the present business. Married Julia A. 
 Harris, who was also born in Massachusetts, and they have two 
 children — Edward A. and Addie V. 
 
 S. W. Hartwell, dealer in harness, saddlery, etc., was born in 
 Hubbardston, Massachusetts, in 1834, and is a son of B. and Roxa 
 Sargent Hartwell, both ot whom were natives of Massachusetts. 
 He came west in 1857, and settled in Franklin county, Iowa. Five 
 years later he enlisted in company H, thirty -second Iowa volun- 
 teer infantry, and served fifteen months, being discharged at Ft. 
 Pillow, Tennessee. He returned to Franklin county, and after 
 several changes of residence, came to New Hampton in 1880. Mr. 
 Hartwell has been twice married, first to Mary Bigelow of New 
 Hampton, who died in 1875, leaving two children, Ella and Eugene 
 His second marriage was to Libbie Stone in 1881, and they have 
 one child, an infant. 
 
 O. Kelson was born in Norway in 1852, came to America ie '70, 
 and settled in Ridgeway, Winnesheik county, Iowa, where he was 
 engaged two years in blacksmithing. From Ridgeway he went to 
 Oalmar, and entered into the saloon business, and in '77 came to 
 
CHICKCSAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 525 
 
 New Hampton and entered his present business. Married Belle 
 Hanson, a native of Norway; and they have three children, Ida A. 
 Olef and Christian. 
 
 E. P. Sheffield, county auditor, was born in Chenango county, 
 New York, in 1843, and is a son of Erastus and Olivia Sheffield, 
 both of whom were natives of New York. Mr. S. came west in '55 
 and settled in DeKalb county, Illinois, where he lived until '64, 
 when he came to Iowa and located in this township. Mr. S. en- 
 gaged in various business until the fall of '79, wh^n he was elect- 
 ed to his present office. 
 
 G. F, Phillips, druggist, was born in Waupaca county, Wiscon- 
 sin, in 1858. He came to Iowa with his parents in '59, locating at 
 Lansing, where he lived ten years. From Lansing he removed to 
 Lawler in '69. Mr. P. received his education at Fayette college. 
 Married Ada L. Phelps, a native of Wisconsin. 
 
 Dr. A. E. Clark, dentist, was born in Waukon, Iowa, in 1854, 
 and is a son of John T. Clark, who now resides at Cresco. He 
 was a student in the office of Dr. Charles Brown of Decorah, after 
 which he located at Waukon, in the practice of dental surgery un- 
 til '79, when he removed to New Hampton. 
 
 John Norton, farmer, section 23, P. 0. Lawler; owns 240 acres 
 of land; born in Ohio in 1820. In 1846 he moved to Michigan, 
 and engaged in farming near Coldwater, in Branch county, re- 
 maining six years, thence to Kane county, 111., settling near Au- 
 rora, he remained there three years, and then came to Iowa, set- 
 tling here; he obtained 160 acres from the government in Jackson 
 township, which he afterwards sold, and purchased his present 
 farm. He took a trip to Oregon, in view of locating, but returned 
 to Iowa. He has thoroughly improved his land, and it is well 
 fitted for stock raising. "He has a fine herd of Holstein cattle. He 
 married Mi.s Mary Wolf, in 1846, in Ohio; their children are, Ira, 
 Asa, Albert and Alvira, two children deceased. Mrs. Wolf died 
 in 1862. 
 
 George Hackett (deceased) was one of the early settlers of this 
 township; he came to Iowa from Wisconsin, in October, 1863, and 
 settled on the stage road, between New Hampton and Chickasaw 
 and in the following January moved to section 32 in this town- 
 ship, where he purchased 240 acres of land besides eighty acres of 
 
526 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIliS. 
 
 timber in Dresden township. He was a much respected citizen, 
 and highly esteemed by all. He died On the fourth of February, 
 1879, since which time the property was divided, the widow re- 
 taining the home property. Mr. H. was married to Mary Brown- 
 wigg, a native of England; their children are William H. J. and 
 Mary Ann. 
 
 F. J. Wesp, farmer, owns 240 acres of land in this county, was 
 born in Germany, in 1825, and came with his parents to the U. S. 
 in 1831, They settled first in Jefferson county, N. Y. In 1847 
 they went to Kingston, Canada West, remaining two years, then 
 returned to New York, for two years, and again to Canada, re- 
 maining eight years, during which time he farmed and worked on 
 the lakes. In '59 he went to Wisconsin, and farmed in Richland 
 county ten years, then came to Iowa, locating where he now re- 
 sides. He was married in 1846, in New York, to Mary Davis, 
 their children are, Sylvester R., John, Samuel, George, Nelson, 
 Hannah, Amyety, Mary, Philip, Ethan and Joseph. 
 
 Wm. Krieger, farmer, section 33, owns 160 acres of land; was 
 born in Davenport, Scott county, Iowa, in 1855. In '75 he came 
 to Chickasaw county with his parents, who bought 320 acres of 
 land. He has resided on his present farm since 1880, previous to 
 which time he resided with his parents. Married Mary Popen- 
 heim, at New Hampton, in April, 1880. They have two children, 
 Mary and Gerhard. 
 
 John Kleinfeihn, farmer, owns 160 acres of land; was born in 
 "Waterford, Racine county. Wis., in April, 1852. Worked at lum- 
 bering at Manistee, Mich., for a number of years, but made his 
 home in Wisconsin until January, 1876, when he came to this 
 state, and purchased the land he now owns, and where he has 
 since resided Married in January, 1880, at North Washington, 
 in this county, to Mary Hauser; their children are Johnnie and 
 Allie. 
 
 Hon. J. F. McCallum, farmer, sections 9 and 10; born in Mont- 
 rose, Pa., June 20, 1813, He learned the trade of saddler, and 
 moved to Schenectady, N. Y., in the fall of '34, he also learned 
 the Daguereotype business, which he followed at Saratoga, N. Y. 
 In '51 he moved to Dodge county. Wis., and for several years con- 
 ducted an hotel at Buckhorn corners, four miles from Beaver Dam 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 527 
 
 He also owned a farm in Trenton township, same county. In the 
 fall of '62 he was elected representative to the state legislature 
 from his district, which comprised Trenton, Beaver Dam town- 
 ship and city, and the townships of Lowell and Shields. In the 
 fall of '63 he was returned to the same position. He is, and al- 
 ways has been a staunch democrat. In April, '73 he came to 
 Iowa, settling where he now resides. He fills prominent positions 
 in most of the political meetings of his party, and is a strong 
 party leader. Mr. McCallum was married in 1840 to Barbara A. 
 Stuart, and they have one son, M. S. He is a member of I. 0. 0. 
 F. No. 117 of Beaver Dam, Wis. 
 
 Major W. D. Collins, farmer, and ex-county superintendent 
 owns eighty acres of land; born in Bridgeport, Conn., in 1826, his 
 parents moved to Bennington, Vt., in his childhood; he was from 
 early manhood engaged in the educational and school work at 
 that place, as principal of the city schools of Bennington, until the 
 breaking out of the late rebellion, when he assisted in the organ- 
 ization of the only cavalry regiment sent from that state, and w-as 
 commissioned major. He remained at the front until May 24, 
 '62, when he received injuries while in command of the rear guard 
 in a cavalry charge, during Bank's retreat on the Shenandoah. In 
 the following June he was compelled to resign, and received an 
 honorable discharge June, '63, on account of wounds and debility, 
 for which he receives pension. He returned to Vermont, thence 
 to Sandwich, 111., where he held the position of principal of the 
 city schools, for three years, thence west to Missouri, and had 
 charge of the city schools of Brookfield and Paris, at different 
 times, for between three and four years; he then came to Iowa, 
 settling in New Hampton, where he had previously bought pro- 
 perty while on a visit, and which he still owns, he purchased his 
 farm property in the fall of '82. Mr. Collins has spent most of 
 his life in the educational field, in Vermont. Ohio, Illinois, Mis- 
 souri and Iowa. He was principal of the city schools of New 
 Hampton for a considerable length of time, and was the origina- 
 tor of the graded school system still in use. In the fall of 1875 he 
 was elected to the office of county superintendent by an over- 
 whelming majority, as an independent candidate. He was re- 
 elected in 1877 on the republican ticket by a large majority. Af- 
 ter the expiration of his term of office he took charge of the city 
 
528 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Bchools, at Osage, Mitchell county, Iowa, but was obliged to give 
 it up before his year was completed on account of ill health, his 
 physician forbidding work of any kind. The major is also an at- 
 torney at law, having been admitted in Grundy county, 111., and 
 afterwards in this state, although he has never made law a busi- 
 ness. He was married at Joliet, 111., in January, 1869, to Emily 
 C, daughter of Colonel Erastus Crocker, of Madison, Ohio; they 
 have one daughter living, Mary E. C, and one son, Erastus, (de. 
 ceased). Mr. Collins is a royal arch mason, and a member of the 
 blue lodge, A. F. and A. M., at New Hampton, also a member of 
 the A. 0. U. W., charter member of the lodge of New Hampton. 
 He is a member of the congregational church, with which denomi- 
 nation he has been identified since before the war. • 
 
 J. S. Marr, farmer, owns a farm of 240 acres; born in Scotland 
 in 1828, and in the spring of 1848 he came to the United States,. 
 and lived in New York between eight and nine years, engaging in 
 business as cari^enter and joiner, he then came west, and after stop- 
 ping three weeks in Illinois, settled in this county, and pre-empt- 
 ed land in North Washington township, which he afterwards sold, 
 and then bought where he now resides. He was one of the pio- 
 neers of this part of the county, and is a citizen of considerable 
 prominence, and has filled many offices in township and school 
 affairs. His farm is thoroughly improved and well stocked. He 
 was married in New York city, in 1852 to Marian Smith, by 
 whom he had five children, Agnes, Johnnie, Maggie, James and 
 Charley. Mrs. M. died at this place April 14, 1879, and he again 
 married in December, 1880, Kate Cassiday. 
 
 J. K. Kroninger, farmer, owns ninety-five acres; born in the 
 state of Delaware, in 1817; his parents moved to Berks county, 
 Pa., in 1821, where he grew up to manhood; he then moved to 
 Delaware county, Ohio, and worked at his trade as coach maker.. 
 In '54, owing to the severe ravages of cholera in that state, he was 
 compelled to leave, and he came to Iowa. He left his family at 
 North Elkader, (McGregor was not founded at that time) and he 
 pushed west, and finally located on section 36, town 95, range 12,. 
 in this county. He entered 120 acres by pre-emption. There 
 were at that time no settlers here, except a few trapping along the 
 river. About seventeen settlers came into the neighborhood in 
 same year, but only seven remained to battle with the hardships 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 529 
 
 of pioneer life, the rest returning east. The seven were John 
 Norton, E. Collins, Alvin Brown, D. R. Cole, King, Tim Mc- 
 Carthy and the subject of this sketch. They met on one occasion 
 and banded themselves as pioneers, with the intent of standing 
 the brunt of the frontier. Mr. K. built a log house and com- 
 menced breaking and improving, and after having been here one 
 and a half years, he went to North Elkader and brought his fam- 
 ily out. The first wheat crop he raised was very large in propor- 
 tion to the amount sown, but the second season not so good, on 
 account of excessive rains and high water, which continued into 
 July. The- settlers were unable to get provisions, and were hard 
 pressed, and if it had not been for the great amount of buckwheat 
 raised, many would have starved, but they ground it in their 
 coffee mills, and subsisted on that until able to get to the trading 
 points. The land Mr. K. now owns is part of the original home- 
 stead, is well fitted and devoted to stock purposes. Mr. K. par- 
 ticipated in the organization of the first school district in the 
 county, it included part of Dresden, New Hampton, Stapleton 
 and Fredericksburg townships, and was called district number 
 one. The school building was of log, and was situated at the cor- 
 ners of the four townships. The first directors were Thomas 
 Wokes, D. R. Cole and Mr. Kroninger. Mr. K. has also been a 
 
 - member of the county board of supervisors for three years, during 
 the war. He- was treasurer four years of the school district above 
 mentioned, and in February, 73, when they organized an inde- 
 pendent district he was elected treasurer, which position he has 
 held ever since. He is the pioneer of this township, and is a 
 
 ^highly esteemed citizen, as the above facts clearly show. He was 
 married in '42, in Pennsylvania, to Miss Sloanacker, by whom he 
 has two children living, Joseph Henry and Albert Jacob, and 
 three deceased. Joseph and Albert served during the late rebel- 
 lion, and enlisted from this county. 
 
 John Annett (retired farmer) born in county Down, Ireland, in 
 1824. In '31 he came with his parents to America, and settled 
 first in Cornwall, lower Canada, where they were engaged in farm- 
 ing. When he was about sixteen years of age they sold their 
 place and came to the United States, and settled at Fort Coving- 
 ton, Franklin county, N. Y., where he remained with his parents 
 
 ntil their death. He enlisted at Malone, Franklin county, N. Y., 
 
530 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 in the sixtieth New York volunteer infantry, company E, and he 
 remained in the service three years and four months, and received 
 a severe bullet wound at the battle of Antitam, on the 17th of 
 September, '62, and still carries the bullet in his body, as a gen- 
 tle reminder of that little unpleasantness. He was discharged on 
 account of his wound, and returned to New York, but he became 
 weary and wanted to get back to the front, so he re-enlisted in the 
 ninety-fifth regiment, and served to the close of the war. He re- 
 ceived his final discharge in June, '65, after being released from 
 the southern prisons, where he had spent six months in Libby, 
 Salsburg and Belle Isle. He was captured within one-half mile 
 of Petersburg, October 1, '64. He returned to New York after the 
 war, and sold his property in the same year, and moved to this 
 county. He purchased a farm two and a half miles north of New 
 Hampton, where he lived until the spring of '83, when he moved 
 to New Hampton, where he owns fine property, and left the farm 
 to be worked by his sons. Was married October 12, '46, in Frank 
 lin county, N. Y., to Miss S. Blodgett, and they have four chil- 
 dren living, Margaret, Celia, Joseph and Jerome. They have lost 
 nine children. 
 
 Josephus Straw, farmer, sections 21 and 22, owns 122 acres; was 
 born in Wyandotte county, Ohio, in '26. In '55 he went to Green 
 county, Wis., remaining four years, then in '59 came to Iowa, and 
 settled where he now resides; he had purchased the land in '56. 
 There were very few actual settlers at that time, there being only 
 four buildings in New Hampton, and McGregor was the trading 
 point. The farm is thoroughly improved and stocked. Mr. S. 
 was married in '48, in Ohio, to Elizabeth Stansberry. They have 
 nine children, Sarah Ann, Priscilla, Elizabeth, Liddia, George W. 
 Orelia, James H., Amanda and Josephus. 
 
 G. P. Drewelow, farmer, sections 28 and 29, owns 160 acres of 
 land; was born in Prussia, in 1838, and came to America, with his 
 parents, in '57. They came directly west, stopping three months 
 in Dubuque, thence to this county. They first located in Staple- 
 ton township, where his father, Frederick William Drewelow,pur- 
 chased 400 acres. In '63 he removed to this township, and pur- 
 chased the land he now tills. He has improved his land thor- 
 oughly and fitted it up for stock purposes. In May '77 he lost 
 his barn and its contents by fire; in September, '81, he also lost 
 
CHICCASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 531 
 
 his house by fire. Mr. D. was married in '59 in Stapleton town- 
 ship to his cousin, Miss Augusta Drewelow, and their children are 
 Herman, Gustav, Fred, Albert and Mary. 
 
 John P. Zimmerman (retired) was born in Germany in 1810,and 
 is by occupation a farmer. In '36 he came to the United States, 
 and settled first in the state of New York, and was engaged on 
 railroad work about five years ; he then moved to Wisconsin, and 
 entered the hotel and butchering business. After remaining 
 there three years he removed to Fox river, Kane county, 111., 
 where he remained twelve years, engaged principally in butcher- 
 ing. He then came to Fayette county, Iowa, where he bought 
 land, and farmed for about thirteen years, and then moved to the 
 town of New Hampton in '69, where he has since resided, and pur 
 chased property. Was married in '52, in Illinois, to Janie Hien- 
 wold, and they have seven children, Janie, Amelia, EUie, Henry, 
 Lizzie, George^and William. 
 
 Michael Maloney, farmer, section twenty, owns 220 acres; was 
 born in Milwaukee, Wis., in 1847. His parents moved to Ocono- 
 mowoc. Wis., in '55, where he resided until '70, whsn he came to 
 this county, and purchased land and ojDened up the farm he now 
 owns. It is situated one and a half miles south and one mile 
 east of town, and is thoroughly improved and fitted for stock. He 
 has a herd of over one hundred head of cattle. He married 
 Mary Ennesy on the 30th of January, 1870, at Oconomowoc, and 
 they have three children, William, Agnes and Francis. Mrs. M. 
 pied on the 27th of December, '81. 
 
 J.U. Mixer , farmer; owns 200 acres, Sec. 18; New Hampton tp.; 
 was born in Ohio, in 1821, and was engaged in the lumber trade, 
 saw mills and farming, until Sep. '49, he went to Wis; when he en- 
 gaged in farming, and remained until Oct. 1867, then coming to 
 Iowa settling at this place, and purchased the farm, where he has 
 remained ever since. The land is thoroughly improved and is 
 thoroughly fitted as a stock and dairy farm, and is situated within 
 a mile of the center of town. 
 
 Mr. M. has filled various ofl&ces in the various localities of his 
 residence, having been dep; treas. of the co. in Wis. where he re- 
 sided, also dep. sheriff in the same place. He was married in 1847 
 at Madison Ohio, to Miss Eliza M. Cracker, and their children are, 
 Minnie M., Henry E., Walter C, Eva E. and J, U. Jr. 
 
532 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Marcus M. Utley, farmer; owns 135 acres in sec. 8; New Hamp- 
 ton tp. P. 0. New Hampton. Mr. Utley was born in Jefferson Co. 
 N. Y. in 1835. In 1855 he moved to Wisconsin, and engaged in 
 farming for four years, then came to this state, and settled in this 
 county, at the place where he now resides. He purchased the land 
 for $6. per acre, and it is now worth $50. per. acre, is within one 
 mile of town, and it is thoroughly improved and well stocked with 
 cattle of fine breeds, and Mambrino Morgan, Grade Norman and 
 Cleveland bay horses; of which he is justly proud. He was married 
 in Feb. 1860, at Kenosha. Wis. to Miss Elizabeth L. Pierce, and 
 their children are, Lyman M. and Ida Belle. 
 
 James B. Hartson, farmer; owns 120 acres in sec. 33; was born 
 in Susquehanna Co. Penn. 1848,and is the son of L.D. & Elizabeth 
 Hartson. His parents moved to Dodge Co Wis. remaining there 
 four years, then came to Iowa, settling in this Co. located first in 
 Fredericksburg tp. where they remained three years, after which 
 they moved to this tp. His parents removed to Kansas in '79. Mr. 
 H. has filled many offices in the school and district boards, and 
 has been road supervisor several years; is a member of Fredericks- 
 burg Lodge No. 333 AF.. A. M. Mr. Hartson was married in Jan. 
 1875, in this township to Mary Snyder, and has three children 
 Ralph, Mattie and Florence. 
 
 Capt. J. R. Kenyon, farmer; P. 0. New Hampton farm com- 
 prises 300 acres on sections four. New Hampton tp., and 33 Jack- 
 sonville tp. Mr. K. was born in Blackburn, Lancashire, England 
 in 1840. He came to the U. S. with his parents in 1842, settling 
 first at New Hartford, Oneida Co., N. Y. When he was seventeen 
 years old he moved west and settled in Walworth Co., Wis. In 1862 
 he enlisted in the service of the general government and was ap- 
 pointed captain of Co. E, 28th Regt. Wis. Infantry, where he 
 served until the close of the war. He participated in all the battles 
 marches and seiges, in which his regt. had the honor to engage, 
 and was mustered out September 23rd, 1865, at Brownsville Texas. 
 Mr. Kenyon came to Iowa in 1866 and purchased the land on 
 which he now lives. In the spring of 1878, he established a creamery 
 upon his farm, and Avas the first manufacturer of butter under that 
 system in this Co. he keeps from seventyfive to one hundred head 
 of cattle upon las farm, and has a large barn and fine residence. 
 He was married in the fall of 1865 at La Grange, Walworth Co., 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 533 
 
 Wis., to Miss L. E. Houghton, and they have five children, viz; 
 Earle, Maud, Hattie, Houghton & Bessie. Mr. Kenyon is an in- 
 fluential and prominent member of the V. A. S. 
 
 L. "M. Churchill, farmer; owns 80 acres in New Hampton tp. P. 0. 
 Lawler; was born in Mich, in 1827. In 1850 he went to Kane Co. 
 111., remaining one year then removed to the city of Green Bay, 
 Wis. ., engaging in various businesses. In 1871, he came to Iowa, 
 settling on the land he now resides on. He is an influential citizen, 
 and prominent in the affairs of township management, and schools. 
 Mr. Churchill was married in Wis., to Miss R. C. Mapes. 
 
 «» 
 
534 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 JACKSONVILLE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Mr. H. Johnson, farmer; cwns 120 acres, sec. 11 Jacksonville P.O. 
 Born in Norway in 1837, emigrated to the U. S. in 1860 and lived 
 one year in Wisconsin thence to Iowa and settled where he now 
 ^resides, and purchased the farm which he has improved and stock- 
 ed. He was married in 1860 in Norway; to Miss Martha Thompson, 
 They have five children; Herman, Louis, Alva, Annie, and Isabel. 
 
 C. G. Miller, farmer; owns 200 acres, sec. 34 Jacksonville P.O. is 
 a native of Germany, and came to the U.S. in 1854, and lived in 
 N.Y. about 7 years he is a brickmaker by trade. He then came to 
 Iowa, and settled near Ft. Atkinson in Winnesheik Co. farmed 
 there four years. In 1867 he came to this county and purchased 
 forty acres, where he now resides; having since purchased the rest. 
 The farm is arranged as stock and dairy farm. A fine residence re- 
 cently built, and fine barns adorn this valuable property. He was 
 married in November 1858,at Glascow Ulster county N.Y. to Julia 
 Weiss, they have six children ChaiiesG. Annie J. William A. George 
 H. Alva Lee and Pearly Viola. 
 
 C. J. Reilly, farmer, sec. 24 Saude P. O. was born in Canton Mass. 
 in 1846; his parents moved in his childhood to Washington county 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 535 
 
 Wisconsin. In the fall of 1854 they moved to Iowa and settled in 
 Utica township, where Sylvester Reilly his father still resides. In 
 1878 C. J. moved to his present place of residence, he had previous- 
 ly bought the land; he owns 200 acres mostly improved, and well 
 stocked. He was married in Utica township to Miss Mary E. Gor- 
 man in September 1877. 
 
 Thos. McCarten (a deceased pioneer of Jacksonville township) 
 was born in county Down, Ireland, in 1813. He came to the 
 United States in '43, and worked on public works near Pittsburgh, 
 Pa., then came to Iowa, settling in Dubuque county, where he re- 
 sided eight years, being engaged for four years in the lead mines, 
 and then'moved onto his farm in that county, remaining four 
 years. In 1856 he sold out, and came to this county, and pur- 
 chased 420 acres on Crane creek,to which he added later 360 acres. 
 He became busily engaged in farming, and thoroughly improved 
 his property, an,d was one of the most extensive farmers in that, 
 township. He was a man of prominence, but avoided public life, 
 but served one term as member of the county board of supervis- 
 ors, and" was also justice of the peace several years. He was mar- 
 ried in Ireland, to Margaret Welch, by whom he had six daugh- 
 ters and five sons, namely, Annie, Patrick (deceased), Arthur^,. 
 Elizabeth, John (deceased), Thomas, Margaret, Mary, Alice, Cath- 
 arine and Joseph. Mr. McCarten died September 6th, '79, at his 
 home in Jacksonville township, at the age of sixty -six years. Mrs. 
 McCarten died at the same place in '69. The farm is conducted 
 by Thos. McCarten Jr., the family still residing at the old home- 
 stead. 
 
 Jeremiah Fitzpatrick, farmer, Jacksonville P. 0., owns 300 acres 
 in section eleven, Jacksonville township; was born in county 
 Cork '■reland, in 1813. His father was a farmer and blacksmith 
 with A. lom Mr. Fitzpatrick served an apprenticeship. In '35 he 
 came to the United States and stopped a short time in Maine,, 
 thence to Boston, where he worked at his trade two years; from 
 there he moved to Ohio, and located at Fort Defiance. In 1838 he 
 removed to Illinois, where he worked on the canal. In the fall 
 of '39 he moved to Galena, the following year he made a trip to 
 St. Louis and New Orleans. Shortly afterwards he returned to^ 
 Boston, where he was married; removing from there to Ohio 
 wbei'C he worked on the Great Western raili'oad two years. In '55- 
 
536 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 he came to Iowa, and located at the above named place, where he 
 bought 320 acres at government price. The farm is the original 
 homestead, and is under fence and full cultivation. It is well fit- 
 ted for stock and dairy purposes, having a fine herd of high grade 
 Durhams. Mr. F. served as township trustee several years during 
 the early history of the county. He married Catherine Collins, 
 and they have had ten children born to them, seven of whom are 
 living: Jeremiah, Daniel, Patrick, James, Michael, Ellen and 
 Mary. 
 
 John Davidson, farmer, section 10, P. 0. Jacksonville, owns 
 about 400 acres of land; was' born in Union county, Penn., in the 
 year 1825, his parents moving to Ohio in '35, and engaged in farm- 
 ing in Portage Co. In '45 the subject of this sketch went to Indi- 
 ana, and settled in LaPorte county, and worked at his trade as 
 carpenter and joiner. In January, '56, he started for Iowa, by 
 team, by way of Fulton City and Lyons, on the Mississippi, and 
 he was on the road eighteen days. He first settled on Crane 
 creek, on section 3, in ihis township, where he bought forty acres 
 of land, and remained two years. He then purchased land where 
 he now resides. His farm is one of the finest in the county, and 
 the improvements first-class; his large residence being one of the 
 finest and best arranged in the county; his fine barns, etc., are 
 thoroughly fitted for stock purposes. He has some fine blooded 
 short-horn cattle on his farm. Mr. D. was married in '49 at La- 
 Porte, Indiana, to Miss Lucas, and they have five children living, 
 whose names are, James H., Wm. E., John, Charles A. and 
 Amanda Mabel; they have lost four, George F., Ulysses S., Alfred 
 Jerome and Mary M. 
 
 Peleg Sherman, farmer, P. 0. New Hampton, owns 240 acres of 
 land in sections 19 and 20, sixteen acres of timber in section 36, 
 and two acres of timber in Washington township. The subject of 
 this sketch was born in Lake comity, Illinois, in 1840. In '56 his 
 parents came to Iowa, and settled in Chickasaw county, locating 
 in Washington township. Shortly after his arrival here he enter- 
 ed a claim of 120 acres from the government, and was among the 
 earliest settlers of that township. In '56 the subject of this sketch 
 moved '^o his present place of residence, which he had previously 
 purchased. The farm is thoroughly improved and fitted for 
 stock purposes, with every convenience for the same. Mr. S. was 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 537 
 
 married in April '65, at Waucoma, Fayette county, Iowa, to Julia 
 A. Finch, and their children are, Ellsworth P. and Zora E. 
 
 Thomas McAloon, farmer, P. 0. New Hampton, owns 840 acres 
 in Jacksonville township, and ten acres in New Hampton town- 
 ship. He was born in county Fermanagh, Ireland, in 1826, and 
 came to America in '44, stopping in New York until the spring of 
 '45, when he removed to Lowell, Mass., and worked in the facto- 
 ries in that city, and also at Lawrence, Mass., for several years. 
 In April, '56, he came to Iowa, and settled in this township. He 
 now owns all the above described land, and operates it all himself 
 with the aid of his sons, he is about the most extensive farmer in 
 the township, and pays considerable attention to the raising of 
 pure stock; he has a herd of about 100 cattle, among which are 
 Holsteins and Durhams; about eighteen head of horses are kept 
 on the farm. He has erected on his place one of the largest barns, 
 in the county, "it is 34x100 feet, and thoroughly fitted with every 
 convenience. A fine residence adorns his valuable homestead. He 
 was married in '57 at Lawrence, Mass., to Mary Egan, and their 
 children are, Peter, John, Terence, James, Isabella and Mary E.j 
 they have lost one daughter, Ellen. 
 
 Seth Martin, postmaster, Jacksonville, also real estate, insur- 
 ance agent and notary public. Mr. Martin was born in Gains- 
 borough, Lancashire, Eng., in 1819; he was engaged for eleven 
 years in the Chatham dock yards, in the royal naval service. In 
 '51 he imigrated to the United States, and settled in Sturgis coun- 
 ty, Mich,, and was in the employ of the Michigan Southern and 
 Northern Indiana railroad company, for about six years; in '56 he 
 migrated to Iowa, and located in Chickasaw county, and stuck 
 stakes in Jacksonville township, on section 4, and purchased 160 
 acres of the government. In '61 he enlisted in company H, fourth 
 Iowa cavalry, and was among the first to volunteer; he was first 
 appointed bugler of the company, and in '62 he was promoted to 
 the position of quarter-master sergeant, which position he held un- 
 til after the fall of Vicksburg, in '63, when he was discharged, by 
 virtue of a re-enlistment as a veteran, he was again appointed to 
 the position of quarter-master sergeant; he was recommended for 
 promotion in December, '64, and received a commission as first 
 lieutenant and commissary of subsistance, while at Gray ville, Ala. 
 He was mustered out of service and honorably discharged at At- 
 
538 CHICKASAW COU^fTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 lanta, Aa., and finally paid oflfat Davenport, Iowa, in August '65. 
 Mr. M. received injuries during service for which he received a 
 pension. He returned to Chickasaw county, and soon after sold 
 his farm, and purchased land in Utica township, where he still 
 owns 180 acres of land, which is all improved, and is conducted 
 •by his son, John A. Martin. In April, '82, he received a commis- 
 sion as postmaster, at this place, and removed to the village, where 
 he has since resided; he also holds a commission as notary pub- 
 lic, and has established a good real estate business. Mr. M. is a 
 prominent citizen, and well known throughout the entire county. 
 He is a staunch republican, and an energetic and strong worker in 
 the conventions. Mr. M. is a' member of J. V. Carpenter post, G. 
 A. R., No. 104, Fredericksburg, Iowa. He was married in Eng- 
 land in 46, to Miss Annie Everatt. The subject of this sketch has 
 filled the position of head turnkey and schoolmaster of the jail at 
 Kerton Lindsey, Lincolnshire, Eng., for six years. Mrs. M. was 
 matron of the same institution for several years, and as they could- 
 not marry and retain their jDosition, they resigned their lucrative 
 situations, to enable them to marry; their children are Louisa R., 
 Mary J., John A. and Charles S. 
 
 Adolphus Anderson, farmer, P. 0. Jacksonville; was born in 
 1852 in McHenry county, Ills., his father, Charles Anderson, being 
 one of the earliest settleis of that county, and who lost his life dur- 
 ing the late war, while serving in the ninety-fifth Illinois infantry, 
 at Nashville, Tenn. Adolphus came to Iowa in April, 1880, and set- 
 tled at this place, where he operates a farm of 440 acres. He was 
 married in January, 1871, in Illinois, to Miss Maria Reid, and their 
 children are Edward A., Annie E., DelbertC.,Cora M., George W. 
 and Robert W. 
 
 T. Donavin, farmer, P. 0. Jacksonville, owns 180 acres of farm 
 land in Jacksonville township, ten acres of timber land in the 
 same township. Mr. D. was born in county Cork, Ireland, in 1822 
 When eighteen years old he came to the United States and was en- 
 gaged at railroading, in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, seve- 
 ral years. In '58 he came to Iowa, and settled in this township, 
 and purchased twenty acres, since which time he has added the 
 rest, as he became able. He was one of the earliest settlers, and 
 hus grown up with the county, and has accumulated a nice pro- 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 539 
 
 perty, in the shape of a valuable farm fitted thoroughly for a gene, 
 ral farming and stock business. Was married in '53, in Massa- 
 chusetts, to Abbie Harrington, and they have five children — Tim- 
 othy, Daniel, Catherine, Mary and Nora. 
 
 H. H. Shafier (deceased), late of Jacksonville township, was 
 born in Butler county, Penn, 1824, and came to Iowa in '53, up 
 to which time he had been engaged in farming and school teach- 
 ing. In March of this year he went to Scott county, and in the 
 September following moved to Winnesheik county, where he re- 
 mained one year, and then removed to this county, and settled on 
 a claim that he had already located, in Jacksonville township. He 
 was the first settler to make any improvements, and open a farm 
 in that vicinity. Mr,. S. originally owned 640 acres, but part has 
 been sold, and the farm now consists of about 320 acres. He has 
 filled the office of county surveyor several years, and was also 
 justice, of the peace, for several years; besides having filled many 
 other offices. He was a man universally respected, and one of 
 the pioneers of the county. He died on November 23, 1882, aged 
 fifty-eight years, leaving his widow Mrs. Sarah Shaff'er (nee Albert) 
 to whom he was married just before leaving Pennsylvania, in '53; 
 their children are, N. Ellen, Mary C, Sarah J., William G. and 
 Alvah H.; one son, John Cassius, died in '56. The farm is con- 
 ducted by Mrs. Shaffer, and her son W. G., and is one of the best 
 in the township, being thoroughly adapted for all purposes. 
 
 Edson Sewell, farmer, owns 210 acres of land in section 15. P. 0, 
 Jacksonville, was born in Boone county, Ills., in 1852, his father, 
 Isaac Sewell, being a pioneer of that county. Edson resided with 
 his parents until February,1874, when he came to Iowa, settling in 
 this township, he purchased eighty acres at that time, and has since 
 added the rest, which is all improved, and constitutes one of the 
 finest stock farms in the township, being peculiarly well fitted for 
 that purpose. He was married in the fall of 1874, to Miss Nancy 
 Ellen Shaffer, they have living one child, Alice Edna, and have lost 
 one son, Frank Everett, who died April 1 2, 1883,aged one year and 
 twelve days, Mr. Sewell has filled the office of township trustee four 
 years. 
 
 M. Casey, Sr., farmer, section 18, P. 0. New Hampton, is a na- 
 tive of county Tipperary, Ireland, and came to the United States 
 
540 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 in 1850. He came to Iowa in '64, having lived the intervening 
 years in New York, Vermont, Canada and about six years in 
 Wisconsin. Mr. C. had pre-empted eighty acres of land here pre- 
 vious to settling, and has since purchased 162 acres more; the land 
 is all well improved, and fitted as a stock farm, and an average of 
 about forty head of cattle being kept on the farm, and six head of 
 horses. M. Casey, Jr. owns 160 acres of the above land, and man- 
 ages the whole farm. Mr. Casey, Sr., has filled many ofiices of 
 trust, since his residence here, and is an old settler, greatly re- 
 spected by all. Was married to Miss Dee, by whom he has five 
 children, John, James, Michael, Margaret and Mary. 
 
 W. E. Hurd, farmer, P. O. New Hampton, owns 173 acres in 
 section 33, this township; was born in Ontario county, N. Y., in 
 June, 1843, he was raised on a farm, and received his education 
 in the public schools, and at the seminary, at Fulton, N. Y., 
 which place he was attending, when at the call for troops he en- 
 listed, in August, '62, in 111th New York volunteer infantry, com- 
 pany B. He was taken prisoner at Harper's Ferry, in September 
 '62, paroled, and finally exchanged during the following winter; 
 he was placed on detailed service at the Marine Hospital, at Chi- 
 cago, and finally discharged on account of ill health and physical 
 disability the following spring. He returned to New York, and in 
 '65, after re-cuperating, he came to Iowa, settling in New Hamp- 
 ton township, where he purchased land, and improved the same. 
 In the summer of '74 he sold out and moved to this township,and 
 purchased the farm he now owns. The land is rolling and well 
 watered, and thoroughly adapted for stock and dairy farm, for 
 which he has fitted it. Mr. H. has filled the office of township 
 trustee in New Hampton township, several terms, and justice of 
 the peace three years in this township. Was married in the win- 
 ter of '64 in New York, to Rachel Lamb, and their children are, 
 Eugene C, Clara L., Charles A., Minnie M., Hattie, Willie and 
 Clarence. 
 
 J. B. Stebbins, farmer,section 18, P. O. New Hampton,was born 
 at Long Meadow, Hampton county, Mass., May 11 '40. In '61 he 
 removed to Will county. Ills., where he purchased land, and 
 lived ten years. In June, 1871, he came to Stapleton township, in 
 this county, and entered eighty acres of government land, which 
 had been overlooked. He owned this land until October, 1874, when 
 
CHICKCSAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 541 
 
 he sold out,and purchased the property he now owns,which is fine 
 prairie land, well improved, and well adapted for stock purposes. 
 James Ure. farmer, section 30, P. 0. New Hampton, was born in 
 Falkirk, Scotland in 1826. His parents came to the United States 
 in '31, and settled in New Hartford, Oneida county, N. Y. and he 
 was for several years engaged in a cotton manufactory. In the fall 
 of '60 he removed to Dane county. Wis., where he farmed for about 
 eight years, when he came to Iowa, settling in this county and pur- 
 chasing the 255 acres he now owns. The land was partly improved 
 and is now thoroughly so, well stocked with cattle of high grade, 
 and good teams. Mr. Ure was married in '55, to Annie Kenyon, at 
 New Hartford, N. Y. and the children of this union are Charles, 
 Susie, Elmer and Samuel. 
 
 Frederick Markle, farmer, section 10, P. 0. Jacksonville, owns 
 520 acres of land; was born on August 25, 184 J, in Wurtemburg, 
 Germany, at the age of eleven years, he was left an orphan, by the 
 death of his mother, his father having died five years before. 
 When fourteen years old he came with a s ist er to the United 
 States, a brother who had come some years previous, providing 
 the passage money. He first worked in Herkimer county, N. Y., 
 where he remained five years. At the breaking out of the rebel- 
 lion, being twenty years of age, he enlisted in the second New 
 York, heavy artillery; in '63 he re-enlisted in the same regiment, 
 and served with it until January, '65, when he received appoint- 
 ment from the president, to the first lieutenancy of the twelfth 
 United States colored heavy artillery. During service he partici- 
 pated at the battles of Cold Harbor, second Bull Run, Petersburg, 
 etc. He was mustered out and discharged April, '66, at Louis- 
 ville, Ky., after service of four and a half years, having received a 
 severe wound during the service, he now receives a pension from 
 the government. After his discharge he came to Iowa, on a visit, 
 and liking the country, he bought land in this township, and has 
 resided here since. He is located on Crane creek, and is exten- 
 sively engaged in farming and stock raising; his farm is beauti- 
 fully located and well equipped, using three work teams, and em- 
 ploying two hands; extensive barns and other necessary buildings 
 adorn the model farm. Mr. M. is president of the Chickasaw 
 county agricultural society, and has filled various offices in the 
 township. Was married in '66,at New Hampton,to AlcenaM. Ab- 
 
542 . CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. * 
 
 bott, daughter of E. C. Abbott, one of the pioneers of Utica town- 
 ship; they have four children living, Izetta A., Albert F., Effie A. 
 and Grant E., and Iowa A., died in infancy. 
 
 R, B. Schoonover, farmer, section 20, P. 0. New Hampton, was 
 born in Franklin county, Ohio, in 1822. He came to Iowa in 1849, 
 settling first in Dubuque county, where he farmed for six years. 
 He then removed to this county and purchased 160 acres of land 
 in this township, of which the land he now owns is a part. Mr. S. 
 is a graduate of Westerville college, Westerville, Ohio, and was en- 
 gaged in the field of education for several years, in that state. He 
 has filled the office of trustee of this township several years. He 
 was married in '49, in Ohio, to Rebecca Urie, their children are 
 Jennie, Perry, Samuel, Emma, Minnie, Charley and Effie and Eva, 
 twins. 
 
 William Johnston, farmer, section 28, P. 0. New Hampton; was 
 born in Indiana county, Pa., in 1829. In '48 he removed to Kit- 
 taning, Armstrong county. Pa., where he learned the trade of car- 
 penter. In '51 he married Hannah Willard, of that place. In '56 
 he immigrated to Dunleith, 111,, and in the same year he came to 
 this county. In '58 he located at New Hampton and worked at 
 his trade of carpenter. In '58-9 he built|the New Hampton house. 
 In '62 he enlisted under Capt. H. A. Tinkham, in company C, 
 thirty -eight Iowa volunteer infantry, which in '64 was consolidat- 
 ed with the thirty -fourth regiment. He was mustered out of the 
 service at Houston, Tex., and discharged at Davenport, Iowa; he 
 returned to New Hampton in '66, and built the Central house for 
 David Pepper. In the same year he purchased the property of D. 
 Shook, and opened a grocery and restaurant. In '71 he purchas- 
 ed the southwest quarter of section 28, in Jacksonville township, 
 of Daniel Young, where he now resides, doing a farm and stock 
 business. The children of Mr. and Mrs. J. are Sarah A., Robert 
 S., Alonzo W., James A., William L., Purlie L.,Mary E. and Sam- 
 uel Edgar. 
 
 R. H. Mills, farmer, section 21, P. O. New Hampton, was born 
 in county Fermanagh, Ireland, in '34. In 1855 he came to the 
 United States, and settling in Chickasaw county, in company with 
 his brother, entered 160 acres of government land. In '61 he en- 
 listed in company B, seventh Iowa volunteer infantry, at New 
 Hampton, and served two years and two months, being discharged 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 543 
 
 in '64, at Nashville, Tenn. After the war he returned to Chickasaw 
 ■county, and has continued farming ever since, and has interested 
 himself in raising fine horses, having on his farm nine head, among 
 which are half-blood English draft and Morgans, Mr. Mills was 
 married in '67, in this county, to Emma E. Davis, their children 
 are, J.Erwin, Lewis E., Maude, John D., May, Hattie and Willie. 
 
 Joseph Sewell, farmer, section 15, P. O.Jacksonville, owns 174 
 acres, was born in Boone county. 111., in 1840, and was raised on 
 a farm. On August 13, 1862, he enlisted in that county, in com- 
 pany K, ninety -fifth Illinois volunteer infantry, and serving three 
 years, was mustered out and discharged at Springfield, 111., in '65. 
 He returned to Boone county, where he remained until the spring 
 of '67, when he removed to this state, settling in this township. In 
 the spring of '74 he purchased the land he now owns and which he 
 has brought to a high state of cultivation. He was married in '66, 
 in Illinois, to- Levancha Smith, and they have three children living, 
 William I., Fred B. and Myrtie, one child, Elizabeth, died March 
 13, '76, aged eleven months. 
 
 T. E. Mills, farmer, section 22, P. O. New Hampton; was born 
 in '41, in county Fermanagh, Ireland, learned the trade of brick 
 mason and that also of ship builder. He came to the United 
 States, in '57, and settled first in Carroll county, 111., where he re- 
 sided two years, then moved to Jackson county, Iowa, where he 
 lived two years, engaging in farming. From there he came to 
 Chickasaw county. In the fall of '62 he enlisted in company C, 
 thirty-eighth Iowa infantry, and served three years; was discharg- 
 ed August, '65, at Houston, Texas. After returning he purchased 
 the eighty acres of land that he now owns. The raising of fine 
 horses he makes a specialty and has some excellent specimens of 
 the Morgan and Lexington breeds. Mr, M. has filled the office of 
 justice of the peace for three years. He was married in '78 at 
 Jacksonville, to Ellen L. McGoon, and they have six children, 
 Viola J., Emma J., Edna, Guy, Bertie and Clyde. 
 
 Francis Dane, farmer, section 35, P. 0. Jacksonville, owns 760 
 acres; was born in Derby, Orleans, county, Vermont, in 1828; he 
 received a common school education, and resided there until twen- 
 ty-seven years of age, and in the meanwhile had learned the car- 
 penter trade. In the winter of '53 he was married to Jane Crane, 
 
644 • CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES, 
 
 « 
 
 of the same place, and in the following winter he came to Iowa, to 
 select a home, he selected a claim where he now resides, and en- 
 tered it at the land office in Dubuque, then went to work cutting 
 logs,and prepared for building,he returned to Vermont, and in the 
 spring of '55 he returned with his young wife, leaving all the com- 
 forts of the east to battle with life on the frontier; there were only- 
 two other settlers on the east side of Crane creek, where he locat- 
 ed. They moved into their log house before windows "or doors 
 were put in, and they experienced many hardships, but also re- 
 late many amusing incidents of their experience. Their first team 
 were oxen; after two years they had a team of horses, which they 
 kept for many years, and were known all along the road to Mc- 
 Gregor as Tom and Jerry. Good neighbors soon settled near, and 
 for many years they enjoyed the society of eastern people, but the 
 heavy Norwegian immigration set in and has taken their Jplace, 
 and now Mr. Dane is about the only American in the neighbor- 
 hood. The subject of this sketch has served on the board of su- 
 pervisors for several years, and has always taken a lively interest 
 in county affairs. He conducts the home farm of 400 acres, him- 
 self; and has it well stocked, with a herd of over 100 head of cat- 
 tle, fourteen head of horses, and uses four teams. The other land 
 is rented. The fine residence is beautifully located on section 35, 
 in a pleasant grove which affords a splendid protectton from the 
 winds; fine orchards and gardens, add to the pleasure of the 
 home. Mr. and Mrs. Dane have two children, Harry Hinman 
 and Lydia Elizabeth. 
 
 Dennis Collins, farmer, section 6, Jacksonville township, P. 0. 
 New Hampton, was born in Franklin county, N. Y., in 1838; in 
 his childhood his parents moved to Dubuque county, Iowa,where 
 they resided several years. The subject of this sketch moved , to 
 Clayton county, living there a short time, and then moving ,,to 
 Winnesheik county, and finally came to this county and purchas- 
 ed the 134 acres of land on which he now resides, which is thor- 
 oughly improved and well fitted for all farming purposes. , g^Was 
 married in December, '66, at Howard county, Iowa, to ^Margaret 
 Fitzgerald, and has seven children, John, Nellie, Loretta, Dionetius 
 William, Mary and George. 
 
 Christian Kirschinamu, farmer, section 34, P. 0. Jacksonville, is 
 a native of Wurtemburg, Germany, he came to the United States 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 545 
 
 in 1854, and settled in Utica township, in this county, he purchas- 
 ed eighty acres of land,on the Little Turkey, in Utica township, at 
 government price, and remained there about twelve years, then 
 sold out and purchased the 100 acres he now owns. Was mar- 
 ried in Germany, in '52, to Charlotte Weaver, and their children 
 are Sophia, Barbara, Bettie, Charlotte, Mary, Lizzie, Chris. Jr., 
 John and William. 
 
 Andrew A. Gordon, farmer, P. 0. New Hampton, owns 160 acres, 
 was born in Norway in 1827, and was a laborer by occupation. He 
 came to America in 1859, and settled in Dane count}^. Wis., and 
 purchased land there and remained until about '67, whe i he came 
 to Iowa, and settled in this county purchasing the land now owned 
 by him, which is now thoroughly improved. He was married in 
 '55, to Carrie Jensen, and their children are Carrie A. and John A. 
 
 William Barrett, farmer, section 34, P. 0. Jacksonville, was born 
 in 1825, in county Cork, Ireland. In '50 he came to uhe United 
 States, and lived in Maine four years, and learned the printer's 
 trade. In '54 he came to Iowa, and took up a claim of 120 acres 
 where he now resides, being one of the pioneers. He was married 
 in '54, at Old Mission, Winnesheik county, Iowa, to Jane Scanlan 
 and their children are, Edward, Kate, Mary, John and Charles. 
 
546 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 STAPLETON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 E. W. Davis, farmer, owns over 800 acres of land in this coun- 
 ty; was born in Suffolk county, N. Y., in 1828. His parents 
 moved in his early childhood to Ohio, where he remained eighteen 
 years, then went to Wisconsin and remained five years, engaging 
 in teaching school and farming. In '55 he came to this county 
 and entered a large tract of land (about 2,000 acres) from the gov- 
 ernment, and did good business in improving, selecting claims 
 and locating for others; was also county surveyor several years. 
 Was a member of the county board of supervisors from Stapleton 
 township in '61, which was the first board elected in the county. 
 He has been a successful farmer and business man, having started 
 with very limited capital. The magnificent residence on the home 
 is the finest farm house in the county, and his barns and other 
 improvements correspond. The homestead is fitted up as a stock 
 and dairy farm; using the milk of twenty-five cows for the latter. 
 The cattle are of a high grade, and his horses about half-blood 
 Normans. From two to four men are employed on the farm dur- 
 ing the year. Was married in December, '56, at Lake county, 
 Ohio, to Caroline Randall, and their children are John J., Carrie 
 
CHICCASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 547 
 
 M., Jennie G. and Nellie E.; all born on this farm. J. J. is a cit 
 zen of North Washington township ; Carrie M. is a graduate of 
 the Osage Seminary, graduating in '79. The younger girls also 
 attend the same school. Mr. D. is a staunch Kepublican in poli- 
 tics. 
 
 P. H. Kennedy, blacksmith and dealer in agricultural imple- 
 ments, Lawler, Iowa, was born Roscommon county, Ireland, in '47, 
 and came to the United States, when but one year old, with an aunt, 
 his father and mother having sailed for this country some little 
 time previous. The family settled in the state of New Jersey, and 
 remained there for about ten years, when they emigrated to the 
 great west, locating in Chickasaw county, where they have since 
 remained. In 1864, the subject of this notice, commenced to learn 
 the trade of a blacksmith, at Decorah, with Greer and Thomas, 
 with whom he remained two years and a half, leaving them, to work 
 for Mr. Marsh, where he stayed until '72, when he set up a forge 
 for himself at Forest City, but only remained there about a year, 
 when he moved with his family to Lawler, where he has made a 
 residence ever since. He was married in '72, to Mrs. Mary T. Smith, 
 a native of Penny Ivania, who had a daughter by a former . marri- 
 age, but who has since been adopted by Mr. Kennedy, her name 
 is Anna May. Mr. K, has considerable political importance, hav- 
 ing been a member of the council of the town of Lawler. 
 
 William Lawrence, harness maker, Lawler, was born in the state 
 of Maryland, in the year 1845, and is the second son of Alexander 
 and Mary Lawrence. When he was but one year old his parents 
 emigrated to the west, stopping on their way, for one year, in the 
 state of Ohio, and then moving on with all their belongings, to the 
 state of Iowa. Locating, temporaily, in Clayton county, they after 
 a short stay of one year, removed from thence to Old Mission, Winne- 
 sheik county, but after a residence of three years in that place, re- 
 moved to Fayette county. After three years spent in that local- 
 ity, they moved to Jackson township, Winnesheik county, where 
 they still reside. When Mr Lawrence was twenty years of age, he 
 commenced to learn his trade of harness making, at Decorah, and 
 after thoroughly mastering it, opened a place of business for him- 
 self, at Waucoma. In 1869, seeing a fine opening in the new town 
 of Lawler, he availed himself of it, and has since prospered as he 
 deserved. He was, in '68, united in marriage to Pauline Woodruff, 
 
548 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. • 
 
 a native of Michigan, and they have three children, M. L., Ellen 
 and Cory. Mr. L. has been largely identified with the interests 
 of Lawler, having been elected Mayor twice, and has been a mem- 
 ber of the town council several times, and treasurer of the school 
 board. 
 
 R. F. Hedrick, station agent C. M. and St. P. R.R., Lawler, was 
 born in Ogle county, 111., May 12, 1845, and was the second son of 
 Alexander and Anna Hedrick. In 1863, he enlisted, as a private 
 in the fourth Illinois Cavalry regiment. The greater portion of 
 his time while identified with the army of the Mississippi, he was 
 on detached service, at Natchez, Miss., but accompanied Genl. Grier- 
 son on his raid from Memphis to Vicksburg, receiving a wound in 
 the right leg, while making a charge at the battle of Egypt, Miss., 
 and was mustered out of the service, at Memphis, Tenn, February, 
 
 1865. Returning to Illinois, he made that state his home until 
 
 1866, when he removed to Mason City, this state, where he was en- 
 gaged in the express and transfer business. In 1875, commenced 
 working for the railroad company, as baggage-master and clerk at 
 Mason City. Took the agency of the railroad and U. S. Express, 
 at Lawler, December 4, 1876, where he has since resided. He was 
 married in 1868, to Jennie D. Lawson, of Ogle county, 111., and 
 they have four children, Frank R., Amy J. Hugh D. and has been 
 a member of the town council and president of the school board. 
 
 Anthony A. Bollinger, P. 0. and residence Lawler, was born in 
 1844, in the state of Indiana, and is the eldest son of Henry and 
 Elizabeth Bollinger, When he was about five years of age he left 
 Indiana, with his parents, going to Cincinnatti, Ohio, where they 
 remained two years. From thence they all removed West, settling 
 at Twin Springs, Winnesheik county, in this state. Here he re- 
 mained until he was about nineteen years old, when he spent two 
 years traveling through the eastern states, coming back, however, 
 to this western world, locating at Ossian, Iowa, where he remained 
 some three years, removing from thence to Lawler, where he has 
 continuod to reside since. In 1866, he was united in marriage 
 with Mary J. Hanlon, a native of Penna. They have six children, 
 Mary E., Henry J., William D., John A. and Anna M. Mr. Boll- 
 inger is interested in real estate, and has, at different times, been 
 extensively engaged in the patent right business. 
 
 E. H. Blackett, merchant, Lawler, one of the rising young men 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIP:S. 549 
 
 of northeastern Iowa; was born in the city of New York, Decem- 
 ber 28, 1854, being the eldest son of H. S. and Mary J. Blackett. 
 His parents moved west in '59, and located at Baraboo, Sauk coun- 
 ty, Wis., residing there some six years. The subject of our 
 sketch received excellent advantages in early schooling, at the 
 then well known and popular Baraboo collegiate institute. Early 
 in '66 Mr. H. S. Blackett moved his family to Iowa, locating at 
 Clermont, in Fayette county. Young E. H. being placed at once 
 in a private academy, under Prof. T. S. Wood. There he lived 
 until '70, when his father removed to Lawler. It was in this 
 f'lace E. H. Blackett commenced that practical training so marked 
 at the present time, his father taking him in as clerk in his gene- 
 ral merchandise store. For twelve years he remained with his 
 — being a mere lad of fifteen at the commencement — with but a 
 crude knowledge of business. But terminating the connection 
 with his father during the winter of 1881-2, at the age of twenty- 
 seven, with an experience and capacity that might be fitting to a 
 much older head, as buyer, salesman and general business mana- 
 ger. Mr. Blackett 's intentions were to go west; to enter into trade 
 in one of the thousand new homes; but after some sensible thought 
 in that direction, wisely concluded that Lawler was as good, if not 
 a better place, for him to continue business, so early in February, 
 '82, he founded the Lawler cash house. His trade has grown with 
 wonderful rapidity, and although still in its infancy, his store is 
 regarded as headquarters for his four grand si^ecialties: clothing, 
 foot-gear, head-wear and staple and fancy groceries. Mr. B. was 
 married in his twenty -sixth year, to Lena Drebelow, and has two 
 children, Wilhe H. and Mary Estelle. 
 
 Michael Martin, dealer in groceries and provisions; Lawler, lowa^ 
 was born in Ireland, in 1829, and is the eldest son of Edward and 
 Catherine Martin. When he was twenty -two years of age, in '51 
 he emigrated to America, locating for three or four years at Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio, removing from thence he came to this state, settling in 
 Clayton county, in 1855. Here he remained until 1873, when he 
 removed to Lawl-^r, engaging in the grocery and prowsion trade 
 and has remained there ever since. Notwithstanding his loss by the 
 firas, that have devastated the town, he is considered, by all, to be 
 financially sound. He was married in 1858, to Bridget Boughana, 
 a native also of the "Emerald isle" and they have six children, 
 
« 
 
 550 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Katie, Edward, Lizzie, Mary A., Joseph and John. Mr. Martin 
 has been identified with the educational system of his adopted 
 home, having been a member of the school board, and is one of 
 Lawler's most influential citizens. 
 
 James Curran, merchant, Lawler, was born in Jackson county, 
 Iowa, in the year 1856, and is the only son of Patrick and Cather- 
 ine Curran. When about nineteen years of age, he removed to In- 
 dependence and remaining there but eighteen months, came to 
 Lawler, in 1877, and engaged in the mercantile trade. Mr. C. has 
 been one of the sufferers by the conflagration that desolated that 
 charming town, in '81, but has since recovered his losses, and is 
 one of the most respected citizens of Lawler. 
 
 John McNevin, residence and P. 0. Lawler, was born in Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1844, and is the third son of James and Ann McNevin, 
 who came to America from Ireland, in '34; when John was four 
 years of age his parents came west and settled in Burlington, this 
 state, and remained there five years, and from that place moved 
 to Houston county, Minn., where they resided until '64, when his 
 father died. Mr. McNevin then moved to Louisiana, then to Ar- 
 kansas, and spent the winter of '65, at Red Forks. The following 
 spring he started for the mines of of Montana, where he stayed 
 two years. He crossed the Rocky mountains into Utah, and re- 
 mained seven months, and removed from thence to Chicago, 111., 
 and thence went to Decorah, and engaged in buying grain. Also 
 spent one year in Fayette, Fayette county, where he kept a gene- 
 ral stock of merchandise. In '78 he came to Lawler and has been 
 ■ a resident of this place since. Was married in '70 to Mary A. 
 Lannon, a native of Dubuque. He was elected mayor of Lawler 
 in March, '83. 
 
 A. iS. Frink was born in Washington county, Vt., in 1858 and is 
 the eldest son of S. G. and H. A. Frink. Coming to Iowa in '64, 
 and settled at McGregor, and in '67 removed to a farm in Allama- 
 kee county, where he remained until '70, when he removed to Kos- 
 suth county. At the end of one year he returned to McGregor, 
 attended school there and graduated from the high school at that 
 place in the class of '76. He at once entered the employ of W. and 
 J. Flemming, lumber dealers. After filling with credit several 
 subordinate positions he was, in '78, placed in charge of their 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 551 
 
 branch yard at Lawler. Was married in '81 to Miss M. A. Taylor 
 a resident of Stapleton township, and has one son, Arthur H., 
 born April 7, '82. Mr. F. was elected recorder in March, '82, and 
 re-elected in March, '83. 
 
 A. P. Johnson, manufacturer and dealer in boots and shoes, was 
 born in Sweden in 1849, and came to America at the age of twenty 
 one, and stopped temporarily in Will county, 111., from there he 
 removed to Lansing, this state. After a brief stay he moved to 
 Fort Dodge, where he remained two years; from there he went to 
 Dubuque and remained four years. Then removed to Lawler, and 
 has since resided there. Was married in '75, to Wilhelmina E. 
 Bechtel, a native of Iowa, and they have two children, Henry 
 Oscar Adolph and Leander August. 
 
 W. E. Wisner, proprietor of the American hotel, Lawler, was 
 born in the state of Illinois, in the year 1841, and is the third son 
 of Stephen D. and Anna S. Wisner. He lived with his parents in 
 Lake county, 111., until '61, although not born in that county, 
 having been taKen there when but one year old. He enlisted in 
 '61, in the fifty-second Illinois infantry regiment of volunteers, 
 commanded by Lieut. Col. Wilcox, and §pent the winter of '61-2 
 in Missouri. Col. T. W. Sweeny then and there taking command 
 of the regiment, holding the same for some eight months. Mr. 
 W. participated with his regiment in that "baptism of tire," at Ft. 
 Donelson, and after the engagement was detailed to guard prison- 
 ers, until, he rejoined his regiment for the expedition up the Ten- 
 nessee river,and took part in the battle of Shiloh; and the advance 
 to the seige of Corinth, spending some time in Tennessee. In the 
 spring of '64 he was at the seige of Atlanta, and after the fall of 
 that place, was among those heroes ordered to Rome, Ga., and 
 after Hood had concentrated his forces, helped repell the invader, 
 at Allatona pass. Was with Sherman on his memorable march to 
 the sea and was honorably discharged at Chicago in '65, with the 
 rank of sergent. After his mustering out of the United States 
 service, he went to Ohio, and remained there seven years, going 
 
 from thence to Crawford county, 1.1, where he made another stay 
 
 often years. Removing from thence to St. Louis he remained in 
 
 that city but about one year, when he visited the old homestead, 
 
 and other parts of Illinois. In '82, he came to Iowa, and on the 
 
552 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 20th day of August, of that year, took possession of the American 
 hotel, where he remains, the ever genial host, ready to attend to 
 the wants of his numerous patrons. Mr. W. has two children 
 Anna May and Roy E., the latter one of the brightest boys in the 
 vicinity. 
 
 H. J. Ditmars, proprietor of the Lawler livery and feed stable, 
 was born in the state of New York in 1848, and is the only son of 
 J. V, and C. R. Ditmars. When he was nine years of age, he with 
 his parents removed to Ft. Atkinson, Winnesheik county, and 
 lived there till '78, when he removed to Lawler, and has been a 
 resident of that place ever since. Mr. D. commenced farming 
 when he was eighteen years of age and farmed for six years, but 
 in 72 want into the livery business at Ft. Atkinson, and has con- 
 tinued in that business ever since. Was married in '70 to Mary 
 J. Lawrence, a native of New York state, and had two children, 
 Ada M. and H. J. Jr., both of which have died. Mr. D. lost his 
 wife in '74, but was married the second time in '77, to M. A. Neas, 
 a native of Michigan, they have one child, a daughter, Mary. Mr. 
 D. has held the offices of constable and school director several 
 terms. • 
 
 Christopher Springer, boot and shoe maker, Ijawler. The sub- 
 ject of this sketch was born in Germany in 1835, and is the sec- 
 ond son of George and Anna Springer. When he was eighteen 
 years old he immigrated to America and located in the city of 
 New York, where he remained about two years and a half, re- 
 moving from thence to Bellville, 111. Here he remained but a 
 short time, about nine months, movin • to this state. He spent 
 about seven years here working at his trade. About half of this 
 time was spent at Adaville and Sheridan. Still feeling dissatis- 
 fied he returned to the state of Illinois, where he stayed for five 
 years. He then removed to Prairie du Chien where he remained 
 until '71, when he immigrated to Lawler, where he has since re- 
 sided, being identified with the town in a mercantile and official 
 
 capacity, having been a member of the town council some four 
 years, and of the school board three years. He was married in '59 
 to Rosan Konance, a native of Germany, and they have eight chil- 
 dren, Amanda, Kate, Anthony, Mary, George, William, Christo- 
 pher and Joseph. 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 553 
 
 John Fitzsimmons, Lawler, was born in Ireland, in the year 
 1834, and is the eldest son of James and Bridget Fitzsimmons. In 
 company with his parents he immigrated to the United States in 
 '47, and settled in Jo Daviess county. 111., where he stayed but two 
 years, removing from thence to Clermont, Fayette county. Here 
 he remained until '71, being engaged in farming, a business in 
 which he merited and met with great success. In the latter year 
 he removed to Lawler and engaged, along with his partner, Mr. M. 
 Martin, in the grocery and provision business. Here he has re- 
 t mained ever since, and is at present carrying a full line of drugs, 
 medicine, etc. Was married to Eliza Boughen, a native of Ireland 
 in the year '60, and has, as the fruits of the union, six children, 
 Melda A.,Estella, Edward A., Ida,Georgena T. and^John W. While 
 residing in Fayette county Mr. F. held the office of justice of the 
 peace for several years. 
 
 P. T. Kennedy, farmer, owns 155 acres of land in Stapleton 
 township, which is valued at S40 per acre. He was born in Ire- 
 land in 1840, and is the eldest son of Stephen and Margaret Ken- 
 nedy, who immigrated to America when the subject of this feketch 
 was but two years old. They first settled in the state of New 
 Jersey, where they remained some eight years. In '56 he remov- 
 ed with his parents to Chickasaw county, where he has since con- 
 tinued to reside. In '67 he was united in the holy bonds of mat- 
 rimony to Lettie Streeter, a native of the state of New York, and 
 they have a family of four children, Matilda, Mary E., Patrick 
 and Martha A. Mr. K. is at presant a member of the school 
 board. 
 
 D. S. Lovejoy, druggist, Lawler, Chickasaw county, Iowa, was 
 born in 1842. 
 
 J. Z. Gardiner, farmer, P. 0. Lawler, owns eighty acres of land 
 which is valued at $25 per acre. The subject of this sketch was 
 born in the dominion of Canada, in the year 1849, and is the third 
 son of John and Jane Gardiner. Leaving his native place when 
 but sixteen yearS'^^f age he located in Delaware county, this state, 
 where he remained until '75, when he removed to Chickasaw 
 county, where he has resided ever since In '70 he was united in 
 
554 
 
 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 marriage to Mary J. Ede, also a native of Canada, and they have 
 been blessed with two children. Albertie M. and Pearl S. Mrs. G. 
 has been since childhood, a prominent member of the Methodist, 
 Episcopal church, and is a consistent follower of that faith. Mr. 
 G. has quite a local reputation as a teacher of the art or science of 
 singing, and has been very successful in the culture of the voices 
 of his many pupils. 
 
 John L. Shepherd, M. D., P. 0. and residence Lawler, Chicka- 
 saw county, Iowa. 
 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 655 
 
 CHICKASAW TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Earl G. Miller, farmer, section 18, owns eighty acres of land, 
 about forty acres of which are under cultivation. Mr. Miller was 
 born Delaware county, N. Y., in 1816, and in '55 he came west 
 and located On his present place, in Chickasaw county, where he 
 has since been engaged in farming. He has served as school di- 
 rector ten years or more, and is a promoter of education in every 
 way, and has given his family the best of educational advantages, 
 and the result is that five members of the household are now en- 
 gaged in "teaching the young idea how to shoot;" something 
 which perhaps could not be said of another citizen in the county. 
 In politics Mr. Miller figures with the democratic party. He was 
 united in matrimony to Jane Hawley, a native of New Ydrk state, 
 and the result of that union is a family of eleven children, Mary 
 E., E. G. Jr., Isaac L., Martha, Theda A., Emma, Putnam G., Pol- 
 ly, Edith, Seth H., Elsie (deceased) and Burton. E. G. Jr., serv- 
 ed in the army in the thirty-eighth Iowa infantry, aad was hon- 
 orably discharged at the expiration of his term. 
 
 Andrew J. Bray, farmer, section 20, owns forty acres ; was born 
 in Jefferson county, N. Y., in 1844, and in '56 he came west with 
 
556 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 his parents to the "land of the free," and located in Deerfield 
 township, in Chickasaw county, where he remained some time 
 when he moved to the above place in Chickasaw township. He 
 served his country during the great rebellion for four long years, 
 two years as a veteran, and the remainder of the time in company 
 H, 4th Iowa cavalry, and was honorably discharged at Atlanta, Ga., 
 and mustered out at Davenport, Iowa. He was united in mar- 
 riage to Hannah Miller, a native of this county, and they have 
 five children, Mary, Clarence, Guy, Charley and Dee. 
 
 J. L. Frazee, farmer, section 5, owns 250 acres valued at $25 per 
 acre; was born in Westmoreland county, Penn., September 13,1808. 
 He removed to Perry county, Ohio, where he resided for a term of 
 years, thence moved to Clinton county, Ind. In '51 he removed 
 to the "Hawkeye state" and ou the 27th of October, '52 he located 
 in Chickasaw county on his present place of residence, which is a 
 finely cultivated and improved farm, situated about three-quarters 
 of a mile north of the village of Bassett. He is one of the pio- 
 neers of this section, and at the time of his settlement in this coun- 
 ty, his nearest grain market was McGregor, where a trip with his 
 oxen would occupy from six to fourteen days time. Tn politics he 
 takes no active part, and, although having been honored several 
 times by the election to different offices, he always failed to quali- 
 fy for the positions. On the 26th of March, '82 he was united in 
 marriage to Susanna Harris, a native of Ohio, and they have four 
 children, two sons and two daughters — Benjamin, John, Nancy 
 J. and Elizabeth. 
 
 J. H. Van Tassel, farmer, owns 140 acres of improved land in 
 sections 21 and 16, in Chickasaw township. He was born in the 
 state of New York in 1833, where he received his early education. 
 In '55 he came to the boundless prairies of the west to build him 
 a home, and settled in North Washington township, where he re- 
 mained until '68, when he removed to Chickasaw township, and 
 engaged in the lumber traffic, for four years, when he entered the 
 mercantile business for a period of five years, after which he en- 
 gaged in farming. His farm is under a fine state of cultivation 
 and Mr. V. is one of the exemplary farmers of this section. He has 
 served as county supervisor two terms, and also as justice of the 
 peace and town clerk, and is now (1883) present incumbent of the 
 latter office. He married Mary Clark, a native of New York, and 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 557 
 
 they have two children living, Sidney C. and Leon Ray. They 
 also have an adopted daughter named Ettie Dickinson, and have 
 buried one son — Rollin. 
 
 Forbes Brothers, managers Chickasaw flouring mill. The mill 
 is one of the best in the northwest, having five run of buhrs and 
 three sets of rollers, with a capacity of one hundred barrels every 
 twenty-four hours. William Forbes was born in Canada, in 1855. 
 He came to Chickasaw county, with his parents, in '56, and has 
 lived here continuously since that time. He learned the milling 
 trade with his father, who is owner of the mill and is a practical 
 miller. In 1881, he, in company with his brother, J< C, took en- 
 tire charge and they have run it since that time under the above 
 name and style. Mr. Forbes has held the office of town clerk and 
 executed the duties of the same creditably to himself and friends. 
 He married Ruany C. Butler, of the Empire state, and they have 
 three children, namely: Helen M., Meda and Archie. 
 
 J. F. Cunningham, postmaster and notary public, Ionia. Also 
 carries a full and complete line of groceries, canned goods, flour, 
 drugs, etc., and also a well established collection agency. Mr. Cun- 
 ningham was born near Galena, 111., in 1845. In '53, he moved to 
 the Hawkeye state with his parents, and located in Chickasaw 
 county, where he followed farming until embarked in the mercan- 
 tile trade. In '73 he was appointed deputy postmaster, and dur- 
 ing Hayes' administration he was appointed postmaster and is the 
 present incumbent. He has served his town in the capacity of 
 school director and justice of the peace, and is a member of the 
 masonic fraternity. He was united in marriage with Lottie L. 
 Walker, a native of New York state. They have two children, 
 Maud and Madge. 
 
 J. M. Kruger, manufacturer of carriages, wagons, buggies, etc., 
 established business in 1870. Was born in Prussia in 1845, and 
 came to America in '64, and located in Princeton, Wis., he then re 
 moved to Minnesota where he resided one and one-half years, and 
 then removed to (Chickasaw county, and engaged in the above 
 business. Mr. K. is a thorough mechanic, having served his time 
 at the business in the old country. In politics he is independent 
 in his views, always desirous of voting for the best men, regard- 
 less of party lines. He is a member of the Lutheran church. 
 
558 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Was married to Wilhelmina Manthey, a native of Germany. They 
 have four children, Walter, Raenhard, Anna and Dora. 
 
 James Cunningham, farmer, Ionia owns eighty acres in section 
 15, valued at $22 per acre. Mr. Cunningham was born Delaware 
 county, Ohio, in 1820, In '40 he removed to Illinois and located 
 near Galena, where he remained many years, when he removed to 
 Chickasaw county, where he engaged in farming, and has followed 
 that line of business ever since. He is one of the pioneers of the 
 county, and it is owing to the unceasing endeavors of such men as 
 Mr. Cunningham that Chickasaw township stands in its present 
 prosperous condition. In politics he holds with the Republican 
 party, and has filled the office of township trustee for the past ten 
 years, and performed the functions of the same in a highly credit- 
 able manner. Was united in marriage to Jane Locker, a native of 
 Ohio, and they have three children, J. F., Olive F. and Maurice F. 
 
 Loren C. Hance, proprietor, restaurant and billiard hall, Ionia, 
 established business September. 1882. He was born in Illinois in 
 1848. Came we^st with his parents, in '57, and located in Chicka- 
 saw county. He has been elected to the office of constable, for the. 
 last ten years. He was married to Cynthja C. Lowe, of Illinois, 
 and they have five children, Emma J., Josie, Lillian M., Willie E. 
 and Stella F. . . 
 
 M. F. Lighthall, farmer, section 9, P. O. Bassett, owns 248 acres. 
 The subject ot this sketch is a native of Wisconsin, wnere he was 
 born, in 1847. In '54 he came west with his parents and located 
 in Chickasaw county. His farm is well improved and under a fine 
 state of cultivation. Mr. L. has held different town offices and is, 
 at present, postmaster at Bassett, although he takes no active part 
 in politics yet he is always desirous of seeing the cause of repub- 
 licanism promoted. He was married to M. J. Short, a native of 
 Indiana, and they h,ave a family of three children, Frances, Meda 
 and Howard. 
 
 G. D. Warren, dealer in general merchandise, Bassett, carries a 
 fine and well assorted stock of goods. Business established by 
 himself and father in October, '71, which was the first store build- 
 ing in the place. Mr. Warren was born in Pennsylvania in '47. 
 In March, '57 he came west with his parents, and located in Chick- 
 asaw county, where he was engaged in farming some years. When 
 the great civil war broke out Mr. Warren went forth to battle for 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 559 
 
 his country, and served nearly three years in company H, fourth 
 Iowa cavah-y, and company L, second Iowa cavalry, and was 
 twice honorably discharged. The first time at Memphis, Tenn., 
 and the second time at Davenport, Iowa. Was united in marriage 
 to Henrietta Farr, a native of New York state, and they have one 
 child — Marion. 
 
 G. A. J. Burch, farmer, section 20. owns fifty acres of land; was 
 born in Indiana, in '36, and came west in '49 and located in Mar 
 shall county, Illinoia, thence removed to Cedar county, Iowa, and 
 after a few years to Fayette county, and in '65 to Chickasaw coun- 
 ty, and located on the above place in '69. In politics he figures 
 with the democratic party. He is a member of the masonic fra- 
 ternity, and was married to Eliza Garrett, a native of Illinois, and 
 they have five children, Austin, Davis, Amanda, Frank and Cora, 
 and have lost one child. 
 
 Martin- Winter, farmer, section 1, owns 110 acres; was born in 
 Bavaria, November 3, '36. In '55 he came to America, and locat- 
 ed in Rock county. Wis.. In '60 he moved to Iowa, and located 
 in Chickasaw county. He has served as road supervisor, and is at 
 present (1883) school director. He married Mary J. Witzel, who 
 is of French descent, but was born in Iowa. Thev have four chil- 
 dren, Edwin, Alvin, Andrew and Minnie. Mr. W. • is a democrat 
 in politics. 
 
 N. B. Pike, proprietor, of the Ionia house, Ionia, Iowa, was born 
 in the east in '58, and came with his parents to Wisconsin where 
 he remained some time, then moved to Iowa,and located in Chick- 
 asaw county. He married May Cooley, a native of this state, and 
 they have one daughter. Belle. 
 
 George Patrick, was born in the state of New York, 1818, and in 
 '56 he came west and located in Howard county, shortly after- 
 ward he removed to Chickasaw county, where he engaged in farm- 
 ing and blacksmithing in Deerfield township. He opened a farm 
 in Afton township after assisting in organizing that town, also as- 
 sisted in forming school districts, laying out roads, etc., and built 
 the first bridge ever erected in the township. Mr. T. has serve 1 
 « as township trustee and school director. He served in the army 
 as farrier and blacksmith in company H, fourth Iowa cavalry. 
 Was married to Louisa Shaw, a native of New York state, and 
 
560 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 they have eight children living, six daughters and two sons, Geo. 
 H., Almeron, Sarah, Mary E., Persis E., Louisa 0., Arabelle 
 M. and Lillian B. They have lost four by death, two sons and 
 two daughters. One son died while in the army. A notice of the 
 same clipped from the New Hampton Courier says: "Died in the 
 military hospital at Strasburg, Va., on the 25th of May, '62, of ty- 
 phoid fever, Marcellus Patrick, eldest son of George and Louisa 
 Patrick, of Deerfield township, in this county, aged twenty years, 
 seven months and seven days." A second son also served in the 
 army and was honorably discharged at the close of the war at Dav- 
 enport. 
 
 Daniel Kepple, merchant and postmaster of Chickasaw, was 
 born in Pennsylvania, in 182L After reaching a suitable age he 
 learned the trade of tinsmith, which he followed for some time, 
 but as "westward the course of the empire takes its way," Mr. K., 
 in the fall of '55 took up the march and came west and located 
 in Chickasaw county, where he followed his previous occupation. 
 The following year he engaged in farming, which he carried on suc- 
 cessfully for some time. In 1879 he embarked in the mercantile 
 business, in his present quarters, and carries a complete stock of 
 dry goods, groceries, boots, shoes, etc. Mr. Keppler was the first 
 postmaster in Washington township, also the first constable in 
 that town. He has also been a member of the county board of 
 supervisors, and officer on the school board for many years. He 
 married Miss Elizabeth Byers, a native of Pennsylvania. They 
 have five children, Albert H., .John W., Presley L., Clarence F. 
 and Walter E. They have lost two children by death, Austin L. 
 and Dock. 
 
 R. VanKleck, is a native of the state of New York, where he was 
 born in 1831, and received his education and learned his trade of 
 millwright. Inl855, he took Horace Greeley's advice and came 
 west, locating in Chickasaw county, where, since that time, he has. 
 been employed as a mechanic. Mr. V. is one of the early settlers 
 of this township, and has always lent a willing hand to further or 
 promote the general welfare of his town. In 1853, he was united 
 in marriage to Mary E. Davis, a native of New York state: They 
 have a family of six children, three sons and three daughters,, 
 
 named, Agnes, Emma C, G. R., Oliver, Charles and Minnie. 
 
CHlCf ASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 561 
 
 L. E. Fritcher, farmer, section 36, was born in the state of New- 
 York, in 1848. He came west in June '57, and located in Brad- 
 ford township, this county. In 1870 he moved into Chickasaw 
 township, and located as above. Mr. Fritcher is one of the many- 
 successful farmers, in this township, and has his farm under fine 
 cultivation. He has been twice elected school director, and has 
 also served as road supervisor. He was married to Helen Smith, 
 a native of Wisconsin, who died April 9, 1883. He has a family 
 of four children, whose names are, David W., Norman L.,LydiaE. 
 and Lottie A. 
 
 C. E. Tyler, owner of dray line, Ionia, Iowa, was born in Rens- 
 selaer county, N. Y., in 1829, and came west in '41, and located in 
 Porter county, Ind. He next removed to California, where he re- 
 mained some time, and in '59 he located in Chickasaw county, 
 where he has up to this time been a resident. In '62 he went 
 forth to do battle for his country, in company C, thirty-eighth 
 Iowa infantry, which was afterwards consolidated with company 
 G, thirty-fourth Iowa infantry. He received the appointment of 
 corporal, and served in that capacity one year, when he was ap- 
 pointed sergeant, which position he occupied two years. He was 
 honorably discharged at Houston, Texas, and mustered out at 
 Davenport, Iowa. He is a republican in politics and has held the 
 position of town clerk. In 1860 he was united in marriage to 
 Orisa E. Bard well, a native of Pennsylvania, and their children 
 are Lydia E., Charles E. and Lenora M. 
 
 Eldrett & Bishop, dealers in hardware, Ionia, Iowa; established 
 business in '76. W. G. Eldrett was born in London, England, in 
 the year 1816, and came to America in '36, and located in Sche- 
 nectady county, N. Y., thence to Fulton county of that state,where 
 he remained some time, when he removed to Montgomery county, 
 Florida; from there he removed to Milwaukee county, Wis., where 
 he engaged in farming for some years, and in '64 he removed to 
 the great commonwealth of Iowa, and located at Fredricksburg, 
 where he followed farming until be engaged in business as above. 
 In politics he figures with the republican party, and is a member 
 of the Baptist church. Was married to Charlotte McMasters, a 
 native of New York, and has a family of two daughters, Sophia 
 and Emma J. 
 
562 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Andrew Troutner, farmer, section 35, owns 200 acres of land; 
 was born in Germany in 1811, and in '33 he embarked for Amer- 
 ica, and on his arrival located in Pennsylvania, from there he re- 
 moved to Indiana, and in '53 he again moved toward the setting 
 sun, and established himself in Chickasaw county, and now has as 
 fine a farm as is to be found in that section of the country. Was 
 married to Elizabeth Smith, a native of Germany, and they have 
 a tamily of eight children, John F., Andrew P., Henr}-, Peter, 
 Martin L., Nancy J., Emmeline and Melinda. They have lost 
 two children by death, one in Pennsylvania and one in Indiana. 
 Their eldest son, John F., setved in the army in company B, third 
 Iowa Infantry. 
 
 Albert Kistow, farmer, section 25, owns 80 acres of land, valued 
 at §20 per acre. He was born in Germany, in 1835. In 1868 he 
 came to America, locating at Ionia, Chickasaw county, where he 
 was engaged on the railroad for six yeai-s. In 77, he located on 
 his present farm, which is under a high state of cultivation. In 
 Politics, Mr. Ristow, figures with the democratic ]iarty, and is a 
 member of the Lutheran church. He married Matilda Knyer, a 
 native of Germany, but they have no family. Mr. Ristow served 
 in the military service in his fatherland, for two yeare. 
 
 Ira Warren, P. 0. Bassett, dealer in hardware, was born in New 
 York state in 1817. He was brought up at the lumber business. 
 He came west in '57 and located in Chickasaw county. In 1863 
 he engaged in the hotel business at Chickasaw, but in '69 he went 
 into the mercantile trade, at that point, and was also postmaster 
 some tive years. In '71, he moved to Bassett and entered into trade 
 in connection with his son, G. D. Warren. He married Esther 
 Roff, a native of Pennsylvania. They have one son; George D. 
 and had a daughter, Elizabeth, who died in the month of October, 
 1882 
 
 C. H. Dillenbeck, merchant, Bassett, Chickasaw county; estab- 
 lished business in 75. He is a native of the old empire state, 
 where he was born in 1838, and in '56 he came west and located 
 in Barry county, Michigan, and in '63 he moved to Iowa and lo- 
 cated in Chickasaw county, where he was engaged in farming un- 
 til he embarked in business as above. Mr. D. served as postmas- 
 ter at Bassett for eight years, and is a member of the masonic fra- 
 ternity. He served in the army in company D, third Michigan 
 
chi<;kahaw county uiooitAi-HiEB. 563 
 
 infantry and waH honorably discharged at the ex[ii ration of his 
 time of cnliHtrnent. Ho has been twice married, his first wife's 
 maiden name was Mary A. Beach, by whom he has three children 
 ■Owen Iv., Inn and Lier. The second time he was united in mar- 
 aiage to 1. i^elight Warner, of Wisconsin. 
 
 William M. T'atterson, merchant, Ionia, cairies a well assorted 
 and coniplete stock of gener.'j] merchandise, which business he es- 
 tablished in the fall of 1873. He was born in 1844,at Salem, Penn- 
 sylvania. In 18o7, he removed to Ohio, where he remained several 
 years, and in '67 moved to this state, locating in Howard county, 
 where he remained until 187'^, when he moved to Chickasaw 
 county and embarked in the mercantile trade, as above. He was 
 united in marriage with Lavinia Cowan, a native of Pennsylvrnia, 
 and tlicy hav(; loui- children, Louis, Grace, May and Harry. 
 
 G. K. Smith, dealer in general merchandise, iiassett, where he 
 established business in November, '77. He is a son of the late 
 Judge Smith of Milwaukee county, Wis., and was born in iVew 
 York state; in 'H^l In '48 he came west with his parents and lo- 
 cated in Milwaukee county, Wis. He learned the printing busi- 
 ness in the Courier oflice at Prairie du Chien, Wis., and is a prac- 
 tical workman in that art. He served in the army two years in 
 company C, sixth Wisconsin volunteer infantry, and received the 
 apj)ointment to the second lieutenancy in the forty -.eighth Wis- 
 consin volunteer infantry. He was honorably discharged and 
 mustered out at Fort [..eavenwortb, Kas. 
 
 Julius Feuling, dealer in harness, saddles, whips, bridles, col- 
 lars, and in fact all horse para]>hernalia kcjjt in a first-class shop. 
 Mr. F. was born in Germany in 1840, and came to America and 
 located in Walworth county. Wis., in '68. From there he went to 
 Missouri, where he w is engaged for some time, thence to Kansas, 
 and from the latter place he came to Chickasaw county, and es- 
 tablished the above business in '71. Was married to Jjcne Zim- 
 merman, a native of Germany, and they have six children, Liz- 
 zie, Frank, John, Herman, Johanna and p]ugene. They are of the 
 Catholic faith. 
 
 Catherine Graves, widow of the late Albert Jane, who was born 
 in the state of New York, and removed to Iowa, and located in 
 Chickasaw county, near Bassett, was one of the pioneers of that 
 
564 
 
 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 section of the country. He died in August, '69, and his b ody was 
 interred in Chickasaw ceilietery. He left a family of four children 
 Emma, Fred, Bennie and Richard. Mrs. Jane was united in mar- 
 riage a second time to Mr. Thaddeus Graves, a native of New York 
 state, and they have one child, Chettie. 
 
 Louis Schonfield, tarmer, section 36, was born in Germany in 
 1830. He served in the military service in the fatherland, and 
 came to this country in '69, locating in Dodge county, Wis. where 
 he remained two years, when he removed to Chickasaw county, 
 and locating in Dover, was engaged on the railroad for a time. 
 After this he purchased his present farm. Mr. Schonfield has 
 served as road supervisor but takes no great interest in politics. He 
 has been married twice, the first time to Wilhelmina Schaedler, 
 of Germany, and the fruits of that marriage are six children, living, 
 William, Gustave, August, Caroline, Amy and Theodore; they also 
 have lost six children by death. His second marriage was t* Mrs. 
 Johanna Globke. 
 
 ^^iif'-^- 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 565. 
 
 UTICA TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Rev. John Moses, P. 0. Lawler, pastor of the Norwegian Evan- 
 gelical Lutheran churches at Little Turke}'", in Utica township, 
 and Crane Creek, in Jacksonville township; was born in Fiedrick- 
 stad, Norway, in 1814, and received his education there and at 
 Christiana. He followed a seafaring life for some time, and came 
 to America in 1865, and entered the German Lutheran Seminary, 
 at St. Louis Mo., where he remained three years and graduating 
 entered the ministry. His first charge was at Norway Lake, Minn, 
 having under his charge, seven counties adjacent. Here he re- 
 mained fifteen months and in December, 1869, came to thi.s place 
 to take charge of the churches here, Crane Creek, Cresco, Orleans 
 and six other points, in Kossuth and Emmet counties. Since 
 1879, he has only had charge of this and Crane Creek churches. 
 He resides on section 20, near the church, on 20 acres of land be- 
 longing to the church and on which the parsonage is erected. The 
 church was built in 1876, and is a frame structure 4()xC)0 feet, with 
 a chancel 16x18 feet, with a seating capacity of 370. It is well and 
 comfortably furnished, and cost $4,000. Services every second 
 Sunday. Mr. M. was married December 15, 1879, at Paint Creek, 
 
566 CHfOKASAW COUNTY HrOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Allamakee county Iowa, to Christine Storla, and they have two 
 children, Annie M. and Olaf Storla. 
 
 William Everinghatu, farmer, section 21. P. O. Lawler, owns 175 
 acres of land. Was i)i)rn in 1823, at Chipj)ewa, Canada,. When 
 he was sixteen years, of age, his parents moved to Stephenson 
 county, 111. where he was engaged in farming for seven years, and 
 in 184G, he came to Iowa, then a territory, settling in Dubuque 
 county. In the s|)ring t)f 1854, he came to Chickasaw county and 
 located in this township entering his land from the government, 
 the farm he now resides upon being the identical land. On Aug. 
 12, 1861, he enlisted i\t this place, in company I, Ninth Iowa in- 
 fantry, under Captain J. H. Po\yers, serving onl}' fourteen months, 
 l)articipating in the engagements at Nubbin Ridge and Pea Ridge, 
 .and being ilisable I by exposure, at the latter place, he was dis- 
 'Charged, Octoixn- 12, 1862, and is now a' pensioner of the govern- 
 ment. He returned to his home, and has since been engaged in 
 agricultural jHirsuits. He was married at Freeport, 111., October 
 1844, to Elizabeth Sprouls, by whom he has nine children, living, 
 Janies, Mary Jane, John, Sarah E., Jacob, William, Margaret E. 
 Martha C, Andrew L., Martin A., Clara Amanda, Minnie Caroline, 
 and Doc Tiiey have, also, had rive children who have died, three 
 dnughters and two sons. Mr. E. is one of the rirst pioneers of this 
 township and a man of mark in the community in which he re- 
 sides. 
 
 'v5"'homas Murray, farmer, section o4, P. O. Lawler, owns 200 
 acres of land; was born in 1834, in county Rosscommon, Ireland, 
 and came to the United States in '51, and liveil two years in New 
 Jersey, thence to Pennsylvania, and thence to Jt) Daviess county 
 111., where he farmed until the spring of '6V>, when he came to 
 Iowa, and settleil where he now resides. He purchased the land 
 in June, '68, and it is now all improved and fenced, and fitted for 
 stock. Was i\iarrieil in '53, in New Jersey, to Mary Byrne, and 
 has ten children, Andrew, Mary, Thomas, Patrick, Katie, Ellen, 
 Annie, Margaret, John and Celia. 
 
 James Goss, farmer, section 34, P. 0. Lawler, owns 170 acree of 
 
 land; was born in 1819, in county Queens,Ireland, and in '46 went 
 
 to Canada, where he remained two days, and then crossed the line 
 
 into the state of Vermont, remaining there a short time he went to 
 
 .Albany, N. Y., where he remained three years, working at the 
 
CHICKASAW <'()UNTY HKK^KAI'HIEK. o6T 
 
 ruovilding business. He moved to (^hio in '49, and '56 he came to 
 Iowa and purchased the land he now owns of a settler; the land is 
 all improved and well stocked. He has filled various offices, serv- 
 ed one term on board of county supervisors, five terms as town- 
 ship assessor, and over twelve years as township trustee. Was 
 married in '53, at Sandusky, Ohio, to Mary Plunkett, l)y whom he 
 has ten children living — Mary, Sarah, James, William, Ellen, 
 Katie, Eliza, Rose, John and Maggie. Death has carried oft' two 
 children. 
 
 Charles Cummerford, farmer, section 5, P. 0. Lawler, is a mem- 
 ber of the county board of supervisors. He was born in 1853, in 
 Wisconsin, from which place his parents moved to iowa , in 18-50. 
 He received his education in the public schools of this county. 
 In 1880, he received the nomination in the democratic convention, 
 and was elected by a rousing majarity to the position he now fills 
 on the county board. He has also filled many offices in this town- 
 ship. 
 
 Thomas Cochran, farmer, section 35, P. 0. Lawler, owns 240 
 acres of land in this county and a farm in F'ayette county. Was 
 born in Ireland, in 1835, and came to America in 1854, and lived 
 oiie year in Albany, N. Y. then moved to West Union, Fayette 
 county, Iowa, and in about 1859 came to this count}'^, and pur- 
 chased land on Crane creek, which he sold in 1870, and moved to 
 where he now lives. The farm is all improved, fenced and fitted 
 for stock purposes, to which it is devoted, and an elegant residence 
 and large barns adorn this model farm, which is finely located. 
 Was married in 1854, in Ireland, to Mrs. Susan Vaughan, by 
 whom he has seven children. Mar aret Ann, Mary A., Lizzie E., 
 Addie M., P^nnna C, William G. and Charles H. 
 
 , Melke Monsen, farmer, section 5, P. 0. Lawler, owns 160 acres 
 of land; was born in Norway, in 1812, and in '59 he came to the 
 United States, and lived three years in Dane county, Wis., then 
 went to southern Dakota, remaining three years, and removing to 
 this county he purchased the land he now owns, which is all im- 
 proved and fitted for stock raising. Was married in Norway to 
 Mattie Halverson, and they have seven children, Mary Ann, Albert 
 Ellen, Emma, Isabella, Muns and Anna. 
 
 Thomas Johnson, farmer, section 35, P. 0. Saude, owns 200 
 
568 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 acres of land, of which forty acres are in timber; was born in Ra- 
 cine, Wis., in 1853, and is a son of John Johnson, who came to 
 this county the same year and purchased land from the govern- 
 ment. Thomas received his preparatory education in the com- 
 mon schools of the county, and in the fall of 71, entered the Lu- 
 theran college at Decorah, where he remained three years; he then 
 entered the Academy at Bradford, remaining two terms, and after- 
 wards taught school. In 76 he commenced farming. He has fill- 
 ed various offices in the township, and is one of the most promi- 
 nent citizens. 
 
 Allen Wheeler, farmer, section 24, P. 0. Tjawler, owns 200 acres 
 nf land; was born in Tioga county, Pa., in 1825, and in '48 he mov- 
 ed to Winnebago county. 111., and in '55 returned to Pennsylva- 
 nia, having spent most of his time in farming and school teaching. 
 In '58 he came to Iowa, and purchased the farm where he now re- 
 sides. In the fall of '62 he enlisted at Jacksonville, in company C, 
 thirty -eighth Iowa volunteer infantry, serving three years; he was 
 with his regiment in all the engagements in which they participa- 
 ted, and was discharged at Davenport, in '65. He then returned 
 to the farm, which he has thoroughly improved. Was married in 
 Alpha, Fayette county, lown to Mrs. Tabor (nee Thorp) of that 
 place. 
 
 Owen Reilly, farmer, section 31, P.O. Lawler, owns 206 acres of 
 land. He was born in Ireland, in 1849, and after coming to this 
 country, he settled in Massachusetts, but, in 1861, came to Iowa, 
 and located at this ylace, where he has since been engaged in farm- 
 ing. He was married in 1871, to Agnes Kearney, of Jacksonville 
 township, by whom he has five children, Agnes, Owen, Thomaa, 
 Michael and James. 
 
 A. A. Boylan, farmer, section 23, P. O. Lawler, owns 160 acres 
 of land; was born in 1827, in Mercer county, Pa. In 1857, he 
 moved to Greene county, Wis., where he farmed until 1866, when 
 he came to this cou ity, and purchased a farm. He served during 
 the late war, in company A, Forty -sixth Wisconsin infantry. He 
 was married in 1852, in Pennsylvania, to Eliza McFaiiand, and 
 they have one son, A. C. Boylan, a prominent attorney of New 
 Hampton. 
 
 S. B. Vikdal, farmer, section 29, P. O. Saude, owns 200 acres of 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 569 
 
 land; was born in Norway in 1837, and came to the United States 
 in July, '64, and settling in Winnesheik county, Iowa, l;e taught 
 school among the children of the people of his nativity, on Washing- 
 ton Prairie for four years. In '68 he came to this place and pur- 
 chasad the eighty acres that he resides on, and purchased the bal- 
 ance later. The land is all improved, and stocked with a herd of 
 about thirty head of cattle, among which are graded durhams; 
 He has filled the office of township assessor two terms. Was mar- 
 ried in Norway in '62, to Gertrude Dybevick, and their children 
 are Baard, Annie, Synneve, Bottolf, Johan, Thorbijorn and Sigurd 
 Karl Gustav. 
 
 E. Slindee, farmer, section 19, P. O. Jacksonville, owns 160 acres 
 of land; was born in Norway, in 1849, and came to the United 
 States in '69, coming directly west, and was engaged three years in 
 railroading and farm work in this state, and in Minnesota. He 
 then came to this county and purchased eighty acres of land in 
 this township^ which he afterwards sold, and came where he now 
 resides in '75, and purchased the above land, which is all improv- 
 ed, and well fitted for stock. He has a herd of about thirty head 
 of cattle, and six head of horses; using two teams on the farm. 
 Was married in the fall of '72, to Jane Michelson, and they have 
 five children as the fruits of this union, Addie, Unni, Michael, 
 Mary and Carrie. 
 
 Owen Galligan, farmer, section 6, owns 285 acres; was born in 
 county Cavanjreland, and came to the United States in the spring 
 of 1850. He resided seven years at Rock Prairie, Wis., farming, 
 and then removed to Iowa, settling where he now lives, purchas- 
 ing his land of the government. His farm is improved and stocked 
 with a herd of about thirty head of cattle, and nine horses. Mr. G 
 was married in Massachusetts, in 1857, to Mary Brady, and they 
 have seven children, Mary, Patrick, Bridget, Annie, Julia, John 
 and Rose. 
 
 0. H. Clause, farmer, section 23, P. 0. Lawler, owns 120 acres of 
 land; was born in 1832,in Fulton county, N. Y.; his parents mov- 
 ing in his infancy to Tioga county, Pa., where he was raised on a 
 farm. He came to Iowa in '54, and purchased land in Cerro 
 Gordo county, which he traded for the land he now owns, in '58. 
 August 20, '62, he enlisted at Jacksonville, in company C, thirty- 
 
570 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 eighth Iowa volunteer infantry, and served until September, '65^ 
 during which time he was promoted to the position of orderly- 
 sergeant; he particir)ated with his regiment at the seige of Vicks- 
 burg and the battles of Port Hudson, Brownsville, Texas, Fort 
 Morgan, and at the taking of Fort Blakeley, which was the last 
 charge of the war, April 9, '65. Was married in '58, in Dodge 
 county, Wis., Miss Eunice Allen, and they have four children 
 living — Flora, Eugenia, Mabel and Minnie; one child, Freddie, 
 died. 
 
 Ludwig Leusing, farmer, section 25, P. 0. I^awler, owns 120, 
 acres of land; was born in 1825, in Germany, and came to America 
 in 1846, living in Milwaukee until 1852, when he came to Iowa, 
 and settled at Fort Atkinson, Winnesheik county, where he owned 
 land and farmed, for several years. In 1864, he sold out and re- 
 moved to this place and purchased the farm he now owns, and 
 which is thoroughly Improved, fenced and well stocked and pleas- 
 antly located on Little Turkey river. 
 
 Terence Reilly, fanner, section 31, P. O. Lawler, owns 156 acres 
 of land, of which 28 are in timber. He was born in county Cavan 
 Ireland, October 2, 1834, and immigated to to the United States, 
 in 1846, with his parents, who settled in Massachusetts. He came 
 to Iowa in '56, where he purchased 200 acres of land and then went 
 to Michigan, where he worked in the mills. About 1861, he re- 
 turned to Iowa, and sold his land on the Little Turkey river and 
 bought his present farm. This place he has thoroughly improved 
 and fitted up for stock and dairy purposes. Mr. R. was married, 
 October 27, 1868, in this county, to Rosa Mullen, and they have 
 four children, John, William, Charles and Frank, 
 
 N. R. Johnston, farmer, section 28, P. 0. Lawler, owns 170 acres 
 of land; was born in Venango county, Pa., in 1833; his parents 
 came to this state in '51, living during the summer, at Ft. Atkin- 
 son, Winnesheik county, and in the following fall came to Chicka- 
 saw county, and settled in this township, where his father, Hugh 
 Johnson, entered the northeast (quarter of section 22. August 13> 
 '61, N. R. enlisted at this place, in company I, ninth Iowa volun- 
 teer infantry. He was discharged January 7, '62, on account of 
 disability arising from spinal trouble. He then returned to this 
 place where he has since resided, and is actively engaged in farm- 
 ing and stock raising. Was married in '60 to Miss Sprouls, and 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 571 
 
 their children are William P., George B., Martha, Ellen J., Sarah 
 E., Nancy M. and Gertrude. Mr. Johnston is a member- of Law- 
 ler lodge, I. O. 0. F. 
 
 John J. Swennumson, farmer, section 84, P.O. Saude, owns 320 
 acres of land; was born in 1836, and came with his parents to the 
 United States in '49, and settled in Racine county, Wis., where 
 they resided seven years, then came to Iowa and settled where 
 they now reside. The land is all improved. Was married in 75, 
 in this county, to Caroline Johnson, and their children are, Anne, 
 Johanna and Henrietta L. 
 
 Peter Johnson, farmer, section 2, P. 0. Lawler, owns 220 acres 
 of land; was born in Norway in 1840, and came with his parents 
 to the United States in '42, his parents settling in Racine county, 
 Wis. They came to Iowa in '54, locating in this township. The 
 land on which he now resides is part of his father's original pur- 
 chase from the government, and is nearly all improved, and well 
 fitted for stock and general purposes. Was married in '70, in this 
 county, to Julia Anderson, and their children are, John, Aniia, 
 Isabel, Caroline, Olena, Johanna and Maria. 
 
 Ole Swennumsom, farmer, section 34, P. 0. Lawler, owns 200 
 acres of land; was born in Norway in 1837, and came to the Unit- 
 ed States with his parents in '48, and settled in Iowa, at this place, 
 in '54. The land he now owns is part of the original land pur- 
 chased by his father from the government, and well improved. He 
 was married at Calmar, Iowa, in '62, to Hilga Nelson, and their 
 children are, John Sunde, Swenum, Nels, Ole, Emma, Caroline 
 and Esther. 
 
 Patrick Gorman, farmer, section 8, P. 0. Lawler; owns 280 
 acres of land; was born in Baltimore, Md., 1824; he came to Iowa 
 in '54, and settled where he now lives; he purchased eighty acres 
 ■of the government, and has purchased the rest since. Mr. Gor- 
 man served three years in the United States navy, most of which 
 time he was under Admiral Farragut. Was married in '51, at 
 Baltimore, to Miss McDaniel, by whom he has four children, John 
 William, James and Mary. 
 
 J. C. Cronin, farmer, section 33, owns 250 acres; was born at 
 Springfield Castle, county Limerick, Ire.and, in 1829, and was ed- 
 ucated there. In '50 he came to America, and lived in Cook coun- 
 
672 
 
 CHfCKASAW COUNTY BIOGUAPHIES. 
 
 ty, Illinois for three years, engaging in stock raising. In 'o4 he 
 came to Iowa and purchased land of the government, which is 
 about all improved and fitted for stock raising. Mr. C. has filled 
 the office of justice of the peace for twenty years. Was married 
 in '49, in Ireland, to Mary Gany, and their children living are, 
 Ellen, Margaret, David, John, George and Michael F. They have 
 four deceased. 
 
 James Kelly, farmer, section 21, P. O. Lawler, owns 385 [acres;, 
 was born in the county of Tyrone, Ireland, in 1825, and came to 
 the United States in '45, and spent a few years in Rhode Island 
 at farm labor; was then employed about ten years railroading in 
 Ohio, principally in Ashtabula county, and in '58 he came to this 
 state, and settled where he now resides. His land is mostly im- 
 proved and fitted for stock raising. The land is valued at $25 per 
 acre. Was married in '50, in Ohio, to Rosa Molloy, by whom he 
 has three children, James, Bridget and John. 
 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 57S 
 
 WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Patrick; Lynch, farmer, section 36, P. 0. New Hampton, owns 
 500 acres of land which is valued at $35 per acre; was born in 
 1826, in county Tipperary, Ireland, where he received his educa- 
 tion. He came to the United States in '48, and located for some 
 time in New York city. Mr. Lynch has for nearly thirty-eight 
 years been a successful constructor of railroads, and has held con- 
 tracts on quite a number of them. He was the first man to start 
 on the survey of the Troy and Boston railroad in '48. In '49 Mr^ 
 L. was at work on the Albany and Northern railroad, where he re- 
 mained until '53, when he came west to Illinois and took a con- 
 tract to build a portion of what was then known as the Chicago 
 and St. Charles air line railroad. The next year he built some 
 twenty-four miles of the Chicago and Milwaukee road, the first 
 section from C^hicago north. In '55 we find him with a contract 
 on his hands to construct eighteen miles of the Detroit and Mil- 
 waukee railroad, which having finished he removed to Dubuque 
 in '56 and built part of what was called the Dubuque and Pa- 
 cific railroad, now a branch of the great Illinois Central. In '57 
 
574 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 he had a contract on the Iowa Central air-line, and in '59 he built 
 a portion (about seventeen miles) of the Albany and Mendota 
 railroad. In '60 and '61 he was at work on the Cedar Rapids and 
 Missouri river road, and in '62 and '63, leaving his railroad busi- 
 ness, he was engaged in the grain and produce trade at Marshall- 
 town, Iowa, and he, during the course of his business, shipped the 
 first car load of produce from that point to Chicago. In '64 he 
 took a large contract for grading, and making the heavy cuttings 
 on the McGregor and Western railroad, and at the same time was 
 engaged in buying produce of all kinds and again shipped the 
 first car load of produce from Monona to Chicago — this was in '66. 
 In '68-9 he was engaged in the ponstruction of the Cedar Rapids 
 and Missouri river road again, having quite a large contract. 
 Thirty miles of the I. and D. division of the C, M. and St. Paul 
 road was built by him in '70-71. He was also a contractor on the 
 Northern Pacific railroad in '72, and built twenty-five miles of the. 
 St. Vincent branch of the St. Paul and Pacific railroad in '73. Mr. 
 Lynch located on his present farm in this township in the latter 
 year, and has since made it his home. He was united in marriage 
 with Elizabeth Phelan, a native of county Kilkenny, Ireland, and 
 the fruits of their marriage are six children, William, Mary, Ed- 
 ward, Elizabeth, Margaret and John. Mr. Lynch is a successful 
 breeder of graded short-horn cattle, Norman horses, and Poland- 
 China hogs. He has sold out of his herd, which is a fine large 
 one, some thirteen head of two and three year cattle, at an average 
 of $80 per head, in the spring of '83. Mr. Lynch is quite a parti- 
 san of the democratic party, and he and his family are attached to 
 the Roman Catholic communion. 
 
 Johannes Hauser, farmer, section 32, P. 0. North Washington 
 owns 197 acres of land, valued at $25. He was born in Hesse 
 Darmstadt, Germany, June 9, 1821. Came to America, in 1848, 
 and first located in Winnebago county. 111., but, in '54, came to 
 Chickasaw county, and permanently located in this township. He 
 married Elizabeth Harig, who is also a native of Hesse Darmstadt, 
 and who was born March 2, 1828. They have eleven children 
 John, Anna, Elizabeth, Maria, Philip, Theresia, Barbara, Ettie, 
 George, Helena and Anton. Mr. Haiser (n'ered his land from the, 
 government, and was the first settler in Washington township and 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 675 
 
 erected, on his homestead, the first residence in the same. He and 
 his family are members of the Roman Catholic church. 
 
 Ernest Friedman, youngest son of Jacob Friedman, was born in 
 Dubuque county, Iowa, in 1858. He came to Chickasaw county, 
 with his parents, in 1868, and has since been a resident of this town- 
 ship; has traveled extensively through Kansas, Nebraska, Dakota, 
 Minnesota, and Missouri, and now resides on his father's farm in 
 section 22. 
 
 Michael Karn, North Washington, manufacturer of wagons, 
 buggies aud sleighs. He was born in Detroit, Michigan in 1833. 
 In '40 he came west with his parents to Worth county, Wisconsin, 
 In 1870 he moved to Forest City, Minnesota, thence in '73 to Man- 
 nah, Minn., and in '76 to North Washington, Chickasaw county 
 and permanently located here. Was married to Caroline Hils- 
 man, a natiye of Hanover. By this marriage he had three chil- 
 dren, Rosa, Frances and Augustin. Mrs. Karn died in 1871. He 
 then married Emma Heishop, a native of Prussia, and they have 
 five children, Michael, Louis, Mary, Hannah and Elizabeth. Mr. 
 K. served in the army during the rebellion, enlisting in thirty - 
 fifth Wisconsin, but was transferred to the twenty -third Wiscon- 
 sin, and was promoted sergeant. He remained with that regi- 
 ment until the close of the war, and was honorably discharged in 
 Milwaukee, Wis., on November 28, '65. 
 
 Casper Rohe, farmer, section 19, P. 0. North Washington, owns 
 200 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. He was born in the 
 Wenniglohe District of Arnsberg, state of Westphalia, in the 
 Kingdom of Prussia, June 2, 1829. He married Catharine Denne, 
 Feb. 9, '58, she was born in Cambridge county, Pa., on October 25, 
 '38, and they have six children, Julia, Martha, Henry, Mina, Su- 
 sanna and Michael. Mr. R, and his family are members of the 
 Roman Catholic church. 
 
 Alpheus F. Wheeler, farmer, section 1 4, P. 0. New Hampton, 
 owns 160 acres of land valued at $25 per acre; was born in Boone 
 county. III, May 16, 1849, and came to Chickasaw county in '73, 
 locating permanently in this township. On the 3d of September, 
 '72, he was married to Marian Taylor, who was born in Rockford, 
 111., March 9, '53. They have five children, Nellie J., George A., 
 James E., William D. and Ira Q. Mr. Wheeler and his wife are 
 
576 ceicsasaw 
 
 jntMnioeQt members of tlte Me: ^pal chmch, and be 
 
 basalsolieldanambtt-of towr^ s. 
 
 Daniel RoutT, £umw, »(4k>B ^ P. O. y~ K 
 305 acres of Imd, vadiied at $S3 r<ef acre. r. 
 ^ ooontT, Iieland. Mar 10. IS:^ and came to A -7. 
 
 fir^ loeactii^ in Bnx^dhrn. X. Y^ bot in the same y 
 the ooal prions ctf ]^Bns7l\ania, and from tiier 4'> lo New 
 
 J«s^T, wheie hemHked <m a &nn until '^l. He 
 to New Yoik dty, where he Bred nalil "M. In 
 vest and s^tkd in Rock ooantr. \Vis^, where be o: 
 side nntil '^ wben be came to Cbiekssaw conniy .: 
 ly localted in this township. Was manied to Mary Day, . 
 <rircoantT Dublin, tr^and. and ther bare : -^, 
 
 James. Danid and EliaL Tbe &mihr are n: > v^' ibe Rocaan 
 
 Ostbolic cbnich. 
 
 Ibomas Ze»aL, taim», section 2d. P. O. X<»th Washix^loiU) vns 
 614 acres c!^ land. Tahied at $25 per acre; was bom in ProEaa in 
 1821. and came to Ammcjt in ^52. locatii^ in Dnboqne oooufcr, 
 and in "W be lonot^ to bis {H«sent fiom. Was maroed to Anna 
 Ottberine Gilbeits vbo was also bom in Pktissia, and vbo died in 
 T7. Tbev bjid tw«diildmi.F^»-J. and Tboma& I& seomd 
 mania^ w:»s to Mis. Anna Scblntter. in TS^ and they bare by 
 this mairiage two diildren. Maria £. axkd Sxsaua E. His stMXwd 
 -wife bas thre<e cbildrai by a fenner btsband, Anna K^ WiUidm 
 K. and Anna M.. ore? whom Mr. Ze%n ^ gqaidian Tbe fioaity 
 are membas of tbe Roman Oubolic cboicb. 
 
 Jcsef^ Smith. &rm^. section ^ P. O. New Hampton, ovbs 
 o30 aops of land, v&l-;ied at $25 per acre. He was bom in Ba- 
 Taiia. Geimany. in 1S±1 and wboi ten y^«rs of age came with bis 
 parents to Am^ica. and tbe^.^ ~~^- loostion was in Maiyland. One 
 
 year later tbey removed to ^:r j. IkiH eonnty, ftu wbere tbey re 
 
 mained s>ev^n yt^sirs. and th«» returned to Manrfaokd. Mr. S- 5»lx>ii 
 mox^i back to Pwia^yivaaisu in whicb state be made bis boaie 
 until ^55. when he caiue to lowx, and sietded upon the &rai on 
 wbicb be now ivsides. He w^ inamed to Louisa HulbnKC^DHi, 
 who was Kmh in Haao>vex. O^eroiany. Tliey bax^ seven cbiUbraEu 
 Mary K.. Fiank S., Batbua, Joseph, John, M^anda and Geoiige.. 
 Mr. Suiitb bas beid quite a numb» of tbe towi^ip offioes;. bav- 
 
Bag Wttt IfriwdMy t i»^>! ail: yaess a»i in BriHgwi ag a 
 
 aKB«& -vaOae^ ic $^ fior aioc^: was Ikoam tt fViesoi m IS^ aid 
 quB»l»' -%BTifflwa m '5t>. ami HaffiirTit aa Cteaft: qwarinr, lE^ QteBxaoft- 
 
 9B«atei£w^~~ ^^ ~ --^r^Sfs^ Was aaeskd to Ssf&a S^viBIk. 
 al^ a ffift.'.. , - - . -lusffii. iad i;fi8?«^ '^^*'^-^ toa «feE&ii»flu. Fie(fcMk:^Ki&- 
 
 «■» «if tibi' lieai&Bg: iaeaibeesm: ulst' to4inii>ci:^^ iiavi k&$: %eea 
 
 ifefiflKt Fsril^sataaar. . . . <V Afiw-YKtsa^ w was (SSQt 
 
 acc«*':c ^iJiNitf «aita»i aC $"i~ p«r acre;: irje been, cm I^ei%t ©WBBtyv 
 "W&v^ ta I>44. ami cante : iataiw ctjTiatT tit "'^^ ami Ikncated 
 
 □ttt&i;^ •■ - ■ Was mazrrKtilfc* 
 
 Ljn^ j-i. - TiujT ha^nj tifiie^ 
 
 «at-_; ~' " -"-- -■ - -~ ■ I-~ 
 
 «aBi^ Gi? .irnls. " -■ : "-: . •,<5.. 
 
 Kan.'- . to Wietwnsiu. ruLo\c«*i tosjcLcy ia l^ft Ws* ^I 
 
 ^eaaagr^ 1 .h?^ adikti ssoat tiEnaa? ti&ac fe^ i- iHie«4 
 
 ""-V :^caf jQtiir. ianittir.. ^>ei:T P^ Ol X<tw IfemtgrtRjav ©was 
 
 3^» c. ■•^. H« wt»* feefiia la Baft> 
 
 *fv • ^acstffage oms' urSiia &i& 
 
 puiTL- - "~ ■■-!: vas to. S*£^ Y^ck^amd 
 
 ^ rr- - - ~ ''ir&ja^ But Beeafei UBi- 
 
 ^ ^ I.-?w< 'Off i?fe.e- auEiE. wfeecc 
 
 sj been. ixL iTtirtuiurT- flisi-v ha\re^ n -'^ L^ I'^> 
 
 FctttiJSL Aanisf . If . H»fany, >:*_ ~&. life. 
 
 Ss-. - - ' - ~ ^ 
 
 uBCC -V .. '- ^. • - ■ ' - 
 
678 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 owns eighty acres of land, valued at $25 per acre; was born in 
 Prussia, in 1831, and when twenty-six years of age he came to 
 America, and first located in Illinois and made it his home until 
 '70, when he came to Iowa and settled upon the farm on which 
 he now resides. Was married to Dora Ther Gruenewald, who 
 was born in Lij^pe, Germany. They have nine children, Mary C. 
 Lidia E., John F., George B., Herman W., Wilhelm Bismark 
 Moltke, Henry A. C, Johanna W. and Frederick Charles. Mr. 
 C. has held the office of school director for a number of years. In 
 religion he is a congregationalist. 
 
 Jacob Friedman, farmer, section 22, P. 0. North Washington 
 owns 120 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre; was born in Baden, 
 Germany, in 1826, and came to America in '32, and settled in New 
 York with his parents. Two years later they removed to Ohio, 
 where they remained until '57, at which time he came to Iowa, 
 and after making several changes, he located in this township in 
 '68, Was nnited in marriage to Barbara Heinrich, of Bavona, 
 Germany, and they have nine children, John, Louis, George, 
 Jacob, Joseph, Ernest, Mary. Susanna, Elizabeth and Lena. Mr. 
 Freidman, and his entire family, are members of the Roman 
 Catholic church. 
 
 Elisha W. Sorter, farmer, section 23, P. O. New Hampton, owns 
 160 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre ; was born in New York, 
 in 1822, where he lived until he was twelve years of age, when he 
 removed with his parents to Ohio, remaining there until he was 
 sixteen years of age. Removing to Michigan they resided there 
 until he was nineteen years of age. He then moved to Illinois, 
 where he remained until '55, and in that year he came to Chicka- 
 saw county, and entered government land in this township. Was 
 married to Sally Ann Barnes, who was born in New York in 1828, 
 and they have three children, Winfield Scott, Horace B. and Hi- 
 ram. Death entered the family of Mr. S. and took away his only 
 daughter, on May 2, '83. 
 
 John J. Snj'der, farmer, section 23, P. 0. New Hampton, owns 
 320 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre; was born in Perry coun- 
 ty, Ohio, in 1850, whence he removed in 1870 to Chickasaw coun- 
 ty, permanently locating in this township. Mr. S. has been a prom- 
 inent politician in this township, and has held the office of justice 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 579 
 
 of the peace six years. Was iiiarried to Anna Gossinan, a native 
 of Perry county, Ohio, and they have three children, Mary Endora, 
 Nellie Grace and Robert Francis. Mr. S. and family are ineni- 
 bers of the Roman Catholic church. 
 
 J. H. Hewitt, farmer, section 25, P. 0. New Hampton, owns 320 
 acres of land, valued at !$25 per acre. He was born in Rochester, 
 N. Y., in 1834. When five years of age his parents removed to 
 Whiteside county, 111., where young J. H. grew to manhood. In 
 1855 he came to this county and he and his wife were the first to 
 keep house in the town of New Hampton. In '58 he settled on 
 his present farm, and was the first school treasurer of the town- 
 ship, and has since held nearly all the offices in this township. 
 His wife was a Calista A. Taylor, also a native of New York, and 
 they have seven chfldren, W. B., J. F., J. C, J. H., Emma J., Eu- 
 nice A. and Bertha C. 
 
 Heinrich Gilbert, farmer, section 28, P. O. North Washington; 
 owns 640 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre; was born in Crich- 
 ten,Kreisbitburg county, Frier, Prussia, on the 14th of May, 1827, 
 and came. to America in September, '54, and settled in Dubuque 
 county remaining four years, from there he removed to this county 
 enteririg a part of his present farm. He married Barbara Rieswho 
 was born in Ferschweiler,Kreisbitburg county,Frier Prussia. They 
 have seven children, John P., Michael., Nicholas., Peter., Susanna, 
 Anna., Catherine, Mr. G. and his family are in religion Roman 
 Catholics. 
 
 Micharl Ries, farmer, section thirty. P.O. North Washington, 
 owns 560 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre; was born in Prussia, 
 in 1883, and came to America in 52, locating in Cook county 111. 
 when he remained 3 years, when he moved to Clayton County 
 Iowa and in 58 came to Chickasaw County and purchased a por- 
 tion of the land on which he now resides. He married Margaret 
 Eleuz, also a native of Prussia, and they have six children Anna, 
 Jacob, Michael, Mathias, Catherine, and Maria. Mr.Ries has been 
 Justice of the peace 18 years. Tlie family are members of the 
 Romans Catholic church. 
 
 I.O.Eggleston, farmer, sec. 35 P.O. New Hampton, own8,385 acres 
 of land valued at $20 per acre, was born in Oneida county New 
 York, in 1831. When he was 16 years of age he went to Whiteside 
 
580 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 county Ills, where he remained until 1855 when he came to this 
 county and settled on his present farm. He married Laura Ann 
 Hewitt, who was also born in New York and they have six children 
 living, Lewis, Orison, William, Joseph, Lovina, and Libbie 
 
 John J. Davis, fanner, section 2 P.O. New Hampton Iowa owns 
 160 acres of laud valued at $25 per acre. Mr. Davis was born in 
 Stapleton township, Chickasaw county in 1858,he located in \Va s 
 ington township in 1880 during the mean time he was absent from 
 the county for two years, having removed to Dakota, he however 
 returned to Chickasaw county, well satistied with his old home. 
 He was united in marriage Anna L.Rice who is also a native of this 
 county. 
 
 John Reich, farmer, section 34, P. 0. New Hampton, owns 470 
 acres of land valued at $25 per acre. He was born in Bavaria 
 Germany, in 1882, and came to America in 1856, first locatmg in 
 Illinois, whc'fo he remained until 1860, at which time he came to 
 this county, locating on his present farm. He married Catherine 
 H. Hauser, who was born in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, and who 
 came to America, with her parents, and settled in Illinois. They 
 have nine children, Franklin E., Theresa A., Elizabeth, George 
 Henry, Dora M., Henrietta C, Henry N., Louis Philip and'john A. 
 
 Tilden S.Rice, section 23, P. 0. New Hampton owns 80 acres of 
 land valued at $25 per acre. He was born in Vermont in 1833 
 December 31. In 1843 he removed to Masschusetts and from there 
 to Illinois, in 1854, remainino there until '56, and in that year he 
 came to Chickasaw county and entered his land from the govern- 
 ment, and has made it his permanent home since. Was married 
 to Mary R. Weo<l, a native of New Hampshire, and they have 
 three children, Ami L., Harriett W. and Esther A. Mr. Rice has 
 held some of the public offices in the township, among others, 
 trustee. 
 
 Peter Blankenheim, farmer, section 28, P. 0. Noith Washing- 
 ton, owns 280 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre; was born in 
 Prussia, in 1833, and come to America in 1850, first locating in 
 Wisconsin. In '53 he removed to Clayton county, this state, and 
 remained there four years. In '65 he came to Chickasaw county, 
 and permanently located in this township. Was married to Lou- 
 isa Schlick, a native of Prussia, and they have ten children, Chris- 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 581 
 
 lina, Heinrich, Joseph, Magdelena, Catharina, Anna, Clotilda, Jo- 
 sephine, Theresia and Maria. Mr. B. holds the office of justice of 
 the peace, in this township and other minor offices. He and 
 his family are member of the Roman Catholic church. 
 
 Albert W. Milness, farmer, section 22, P. O.New Hampton owns 
 160of land valued at $25 per acre; was born in England in 1841, 
 first settling in Wisconsin from which place, he went to Cal- 
 ifornia where he remained until 1863 and in that year he removed 
 to Montana from thence in 1875,he returned to Wisconsin and came 
 to Chickasaw county and permanently located in this township in 
 1877. Was united in marriage with Sarah Hunter, who was born 
 in the state of Wisconsin. 
 
 Michael Cavanaugh,farmer,section 24 P. O.New Hampton owns 
 240 acres of land valued at $25 per acres. He was born ill Canada 
 October 13.1843and came to the United States with parents in 1847 
 they first settled in Wisconsin where he remained until 1876, 
 when he came to Chickasaw county and permanently located in 
 this township. He married Catharine Smith a native of Lafayette 
 county. Wis. They have four children, John, Leroy,Mary, Francis, 
 Bridget, Anna, and Michael. Mr. Cavanaugh and his family are 
 members of the Catholic church. 
 
682 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 DEERFIELD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Friederich Blase, farmer, section 24, P.O., Alta Vista, owns 160 
 acres of land valued at $25 per acre. He was born in Westphalia 
 Germany December 1 1841 and came to America in 1869 coming 
 to Chickasaw county Iowa and permanently locating in this town 
 ship. He was married to Louisa Frieselmeier, a native of West- 
 phalia Germany, and they have 4 children, Anna M. C, born March 
 51867; Maria Louisa, born Febuary 4, 1871; Frederich Wilhelm, 
 born February 4, 1874; and Charlotte, born November 24, 1876. 
 
 Flavins J. George, farmer, section 20, P.O. Bassett, owns 80 acres 
 of land valued at $30 per acre. He was born in Livingston county 
 New York, in 1817, came west with his parents in 1818 and first 
 located in Ohio from there in 1838 he moved to Michigan and 
 from thence in 1845 to Whitewater Wisconsin. In 1847 he removed 
 to Oshkosh Wis, and in 1870 emigrated to Charles City in this state. 
 And in 1872 come to Chickasaw county and located in this town- 
 ship. He married Clarisa Dewey, who was born in 1818 in Madison 
 county, New York. They have one child Dewey H. 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 583 
 
 George Goddard, farmer, section 34, owns eighty acres of land; 
 was born in Frinley, in Surrey, twenty-nine miles from London, 
 England, and as "westward the course of Empire takes its way," 
 accordingly Mr. Goddard came to America, to try his fortune in 
 ths ''new world," and first located at Waterville, in the state of 
 Connecticut, where he resided until '53, when he again turned his 
 face toward the west, 
 
 "To the land of the free, 
 
 Where the great Missouri rolls down to the sea." 
 
 His objective point being Chickasaw county, where he located per- 
 manently, and has since been engaged in farming. His farm is 
 under a good state of cultivation and well improved. He is one 
 of the pioneers of the county and has seen the hand of progress 
 held aloft over domain, since its sparsly settled condition on his 
 arrival to its present prosperous condition. Mr. Goddard, al- 
 though still retaining a deep love, and high regard for his "native 
 heath," yet, with all, is a truly loyal American citizen, and is al- 
 ways desirous of promoting the public welfare. Was united in . 
 marriage to Ann Wright, of Yorkshire, England, and they have 
 three children, named Eliza W., George J. and Mary N. 
 
 Andrew Michael, farmer, section 31, P. 0. Bassett, owns 140 
 acres ol land valued at $25 per acre. He was born in Augusta 
 county, Virginia, February 12, 1820, and came west with his pa- 
 rents, first locating in Indiana. From there, in 1835, he moved 
 to Cass county, Iowa, and from thence, in 1857, to Winnesheik 
 county, and in 1864, came to Chickasaw county, locating in this 
 township. He married Martha Ann Beard, who was born March 
 23d, 1832, and they have six children, Jonathan T., born November 
 6, 1849; Mary Ellen, born April 9, 1853; Catherine Alice, born 
 August 22, 1855; George A'., born April 27, 1864; Lucy Eveline, 
 born April 30, 1867; Martha Etta, born May 27, 1862. Mr. Michael 
 has held some of the township offices, and is a breeder of Durham 
 graded cattle, and Berkshire and Poland China swine. 
 
 Levi Stephens, section 34, P. 0. Deerfield, owns 220 acres of 
 land valued at $30 per acre. He was born in Lower Canada, May 
 12, 1844, and came with his parents to the United States in 1853, 
 first locating at Aurora, 111. In 1855, he removed to Chickasaw 
 county and permanently located in this township. He married 
 Mrs. Catherine Palmer,born Cain, a native of Limerick county, 
 
584 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. , 
 
 Ireland, March 1, 1S41. They have two children, Mary Ann and 
 Gordon L. Mr. Stephens, his wife and daughter, are members of 
 the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 
 Martin Stephens, father of Levi, was born in Rutland, Vermont, 
 in 1S20. His parents lived in Canada, but while on a visit to that 
 state the child was born. He emigrated to the United States in 
 1S53. first locating at Aurora, 111., but, in 1S55. removed to this 
 township and county. He married Mary Ann Lea^'itt, also a na- 
 tive of Canada, and they are blessed with four children, Levi, Elsie 
 O., Henry A. and Martin E. 
 
 Sanford E. Allen, farmer, section 29, P. 0. Bassett, owns S'it) 
 acres of land, valued at 82-5 per acre; was born in upper Canada, 
 in 1838, came to the United States in '54, and they tirst located in 
 Chickasaw county, in '59 he went to California, returning to this 
 county in '63, and permanantly locating here. During his resi- 
 dence in this county he owned a third interest in the Chickasaw 
 flouring mills, and was also proprietor of the saw mill. In To he 
 located on on his present farm, in this township, where he has es- 
 tablished a creamery with a capacity of 1,200 pounds of butter 
 per day. He is now (June 1SS3) making about 1,000 per day, he 
 also raises a a tine stock of cattle which includes many tine grade 
 Durhams. He has held the office of justice of the peace for several 
 years, and is a prominent member of the M. E. church. Mr. A.'s 
 first wife was Sarah Jane Channer. who died in in 1S70, leaving 
 three children, Eva L., Burr and Elwin. He afterwards married 
 married Lura Clark, who died in 77, leaving one child. Ernest. 
 He then married Hattie Channer, who died the following year. 
 His present wife was Libbie Channer, a sister of the former, and 
 they have one child, Iva. 
 
 Josiah A. Stuart, farmer, section 17, P. 0. Bassett, owns forty 
 acres of land, valued at S30 per acre; was born in Maine, March 
 1835, and moved with his parents to Massachusetts in '45, and in 
 '56 moved to Michigan, and in the same year came to Chickasaw 
 county and located in this township. Was married to Mrs. Es- 
 ther M. Rathman, who was born in Canada. May 25, '45. They 
 have two children. Maria, born May 5, 71, and Giant, born Sept. 
 4, '73. Mr. Stuart has been quite prominent in county politics, 
 and has held the office of justice of the peace for fourteen years, 
 he has also held other township offices. 
 
• 'HICKAS^AW roiNTY lUOGKAPHlF.B. 585 
 
 Artluir H. Shiros, tanner, section 32, T. O. Hasseti, owns eiglity 
 acres of land valued at S25 per acre; was born in England on the 
 third day of April, 183G, and came to America in '54, and first lo- 
 cated in Luierne county. Pa., and from there, in '50, he removed to 
 Richland county, Wis., and in '65 he came to Chickasaw county, 
 and permanantly located in this township. He married Frances 
 Maria Calder, who was hovn in Erie county, Pa., May 8, '38. They 
 have three children, Edward Lincoln, Ettie and Myrtle Eiina. 
 Mi"s. Shires is a nuMuber of the M. E. church. iMr. S. is promi- 
 nent as a politician, and has filled a number of the township of- 
 fices during his residence in the county. He is a breeder in fine 
 Durham cattle. 
 
 John Rapp, was born in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, Jyne 11th 
 1819, and came to America in 1851, first locating in Winnebago 
 county, 111., and in 1866 he came toChiekasaw county, settling in 
 this township. He married Apollonia Ilauser, a native also of 
 Hesse Darmstadt, born July 18, 1826. Mr. Rap]) died January 
 23, 1882. 
 
 George Rapp, farmer, section 26, P. O. North Wjisliington, owns 
 85 acres of land valued at §25 per acre. He wjis born in Winne- 
 bago count}', 111., February 26, J 855. From thence, in 1866, he 
 moved with his parents to Chickasaw county and located in this 
 township where he has continued to reside. He was married, on 
 the 22d of October, 1878, to Anna Koch, who was born in Chicka- 
 saw county, October 22, 1861. and they have two children, Juhn 
 and Wilhelni. Mr. Rapp and his family are members of the Ro- 
 man Catholic Church. 
 
 Edwin'C. Pelton, farmer., section 4. P. O. Deerfielil, owns 190 
 acres of land, valued at $30 per acre; was born in Rensselaer 
 count}', N. Y., March 25, 1833, ami moved with his parents in '39 
 to Erie count)', Pa. In '55 he went to Winnebago county, 111.^ 
 and in '57 removed toChiekasaw county, and permanently located 
 in this township. He married Ruth A. Palmer, who was born in 
 Onondaga county, N. Y., November 9, '39. Tiiey had two chil- 
 dren, Albert \'l. and Alma, the latter, however, died in Ikm- infancy. 
 Jennie V., was adopted by Mr. Pelton, and takes liis name. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Pelton are members of the M. K. church. He has held 
 the office of postmaster for fifteen years, and is the present incum- 
 bent. 
 
586 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Michael Adains, farmer, section 25, P. O. North Washington, 
 owns 200 acres of land valued at $25 per acre. He was born in 
 Luxemburg, on the 27th day of May, 1832, and came to America 
 in ^55, and first located in Dubuque county,' this state, thence, in 
 '65 he came to Chickasaw county, and permanantly located in 
 this township. He married Catharine Kalen, a native of Prussia, 
 she was born in '34, and they have eleven children, Elizabeth, 
 born February 5, '59, Michiel B., born March 7, '60, John C.,.born 
 December 27, '63, John Peter, born March 11, 65, Heinrich, born 
 iVovember 8, 66, Anna C, born May 28, '68, Maria M., born De- 
 cember 3, '69, Susanna, born June 12, '71, Maria E., born April 
 22d, '73, John M., born March 11, '75 and Joseph I., born July 
 31, '76. Mr. Adams and his i'amily are members of the Roman 
 Catholic church. 
 
 Joseph Marion, farmer, section 35, P. 0. North Washington; 
 owns 480 acres of land valued at $25 per acre. He was born in 
 Alsace, Germany, January "29, 1824, and came to this country in 
 1844, locating for a time in Lee county, Iowa, from whence he re-' 
 moved, in 1857, to Chickasaw county, and settled in this township. 
 He married Margaretha Roethler, who was born in Baden, Ger- 
 many, in 1839. They have nine children, Joseph, Elizabeth, Cath- 
 rina, George, Anna, Wilhelm, Henry, Margaretha and Alois. Mr. 
 Marion and his family are members of the Roman Catholic 
 Church. 
 
 Maxamilian Marion, farmer, section 19, P. O. North Washing- • 
 ton. owns 260 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre; was born in 
 Alsace, Germany, on the 18th day of July, 1830, and came to this 
 country in '44, and first located in Lee county, Iowa, thence, in '63, 
 he came to Chickasaw county, and permanently located in this 
 township. He married Maria Magdelina Feldeisen, who was born 
 in Alsace, Germany, in 1840, and they have six children, Mary, 
 Rosalia, Odelia, Helena Xavier and Clara. He and his family are 
 members of the Roman Catholic church, and he has held various 
 township offices. 
 
 George Hof, farmer, section 23, P. O. Bassett, owns 400 acres 
 of land valued at $25 per acre. He was born in VV^urtemburg, 
 Germany, October 30, 1825, and came to America in 1857 and lo- 
 cated in Chickasaw county which he has made his home ever 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 687 
 
 since. He was married to Anna Margaretha Heinrich, who waa 
 born in Wurtemburg, Germany, in 1833. They have six children, 
 Catharina, Wilhelm, George, Sophia, Sarah and Maria. Mr. Hof 
 and his family are members of the German Evangelical Associa- 
 tion. 
 
 Oren Hammon, section 18, P. O. Bassett; own 80 acres of land 
 valued at $25 per acre. He was born May 25, 1850, in Indiana. 
 He came west Avith his parents, in 1854, to Chickasaw county, first 
 locating in Chickasaw township, but in 1877, removed to this toAvn- 
 ship where he has since remained. He was united in marriage 
 with Eunice Bates, who was born in Illinois, January 21, 1855, and 
 they have one child, Emma, born December 13, 1877. 
 
 Joshua C. Ashley, farmer, section 29, P. 0. Bassett; was born 
 at Deerfield, Mass., March 18, 1818, and came west in 1854, settling 
 in Chickasaw county and has made it his residence ever since. He 
 married Eliza Smith, who was born in Brookfield, Vermont, Jan. 
 12, 1814, and they have five children, Delia Eliza, Franklin Kend- 
 rick, Austin Crosby, Ellen Maria and John George. 
 
 Samuel Rose, farmer, section 34, P, 0. Ionia; owns 85 acres of 
 land valued at $25 per acre. He was born in Chenango, Broome 
 csunty, N. Y., in 1823, and came west, to Wisconsin, in 1841. In 
 1867, he removed to Chickasaw county, locating in this township, 
 where he has continued to reside. He was united in marriage with 
 Eliza Cunningham, who was born in New York, and they have 
 three children, Wilbur W., Mary Jane and Adelia. 
 
688 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 George Hillson, farmer, section 13, owns ninety acres in section 
 30, was born in 1813, in Cornwood, Devonshire, Eng., and was 
 with his father on an estate until he was eighteen years of age, 
 then was in the navy for a short time, and then served an appren- 
 ticeship as wheelwright for about five years, and then went to 
 north of England, and worked at his trade in Cheshire, where he 
 was married in '48 to Sarah Elford, of Devonshire. In April '49 
 he came to America, and landed in Boston, and lived in Andover, 
 Mass., four years, and then moved to Rockford, 111., where he re- 
 mained two years, and in May, '55 he came to Iowa, and located 
 in Fredricksburg , where he still resides, on land purchased* of 
 Wm. Linderman, who had entered it. The comfortable residence 
 in which they reside is the standing monument of pioneer labor; 
 it is large and comfortable, and was built when he first came here, 
 entirely by himself, with natural material. The subject of this 
 sketch did the first job of wagon work ever accomplished in this 
 neighborhood, and was the first class leader in the M. E. churchy 
 which was organized in '55, and he still occupies that position. la 
 always actively engaged in the educational work, and was about 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 589' 
 
 the earliest medical practitioner in the neighborhood, and in the 
 early days ministered to the wants of the afflicted for many miles 
 around. Their children are Charles R., Horace H. and Francis L., 
 the latter is conducting a blacksmith and wagon shop in the vil- 
 lage in partnership with Horace. 
 
 John Kolthoff, farmer, section 7, owns 107 acres of land and Is- 
 proprietor of the "Kolthofi cheese and butter factory," which was 
 established in the spring of 1878; the main building is 24x40, two 
 stories, and an addition 12x20. The manufacturing room con- 
 tains two tanks and fourteen presses, with a capacity for 7000 
 pounds of milk, which is equal to 700 pounds of cheese per day, 
 the average amo mt n.ade per day during the season, which is 
 from the middle of May to the first of December, is 500 pounda 
 per day. Between December and May the butter business is con- 
 ducted, making about 200 pounds, of that article, per day. The 
 necessary power for running the machinery is obtained from an 
 engine and boiler. The shipments during six months, season of 
 1882, was 70,000 pounds of cheese. Mr. Kolthoff, is a native of 
 Prussia, and came to the United States in 1888; spent four years in 
 McHenry county 111., where he learned his business. He also 
 operates an extensive ftirm, which is all improved and under fence, 
 and well stocked. Was married in 1878, in Illinois, to Lena Elfera, 
 and their children are, George, Willie, and twins, unnauied. 
 
 R. B. Gardner, farmer, section 24, owns 200 acres of land; waa 
 born in 1836 in Steuben county, Pa., and moved in his boyhood 
 to Manchester, Boone county. 111., where he remained until he 
 was about nineteen years of age, and then went to Wisconsin, and 
 about '56 came to Iowa, and purchased land in '58, but afterwards 
 Bold it. On August 15, '62, he enlisted in the thirty-eighth Iowa. 
 volunteer infantr}'-, but was transferred at Dubuque to company 
 E, ninth Iowa volunteer infantry, then stationed at Helena, Ark.;, 
 he served with that regiment until July 28, '64, and he re-enlisted 
 in the same regiment at Woodville, Ala., and remained till the 
 close of the war, and was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., and dis- 
 charged at Davenport, Iowa, in the fall of '65, having participated 
 in all the battles in which his regiment took part, and received a- 
 Bhot wound at Bentonville, N. C. Alter his discharge he returned 
 to this place, and in the fall of '76 purchased his present farm^ 
 
590 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Tvhich is thoroughly improved with a handsome residence- and ele- 
 gant groves. He keeps from forty to fifty head of cattle on the 
 farm, among which are fine graded Durhams. Was married in '57 
 in this county to Elizabeth Frisdall, and they have eight children, 
 Ida. Austin, Emeline, Nettie, Riley, May, Katie and Clifton. Is a 
 member of J. V. Carpenter post, G. A. R. 
 
 B. G. Crofts, farmer, section 16, owns 379 af land, also proprie- 
 tor of Spring Creek creamery. Was born in 1831 in Vermont, 
 and with his parents moved to Geauga county, Ohio, where they 
 remained eight years, then moved to Boone county. III. In '60 
 B. G. came to Iowa, and lived four years in Fayette county, and 
 then came to where he now resides, where he carries on an exten- 
 sive stock business, having about ninety head of cattle, and about 
 twelve horses and colts, besides other stock. The farm ia operat- 
 ed by his son-in-law, Wm. Hackett. In March, '82, Mr. C. estab- 
 lished the creamery, which has proved itself a paying institution; 
 it is 16x26 feet, two stories, fitted with wind mill and horse pow- 
 er, one churn, one vat and worker, and has a capacity of making 
 500 pounds of butter per day, shipping on an averuge 1,800 poundj 
 of butter per week. Mr. C. has served two terms on the board of 
 county supervisors. Was married in February, '52, in Boone coun- 
 ty, 111., to Susannah .Stone, and their children are, Clara E., El- 
 ner G., Mattie, William G. and Warren. Is a member of Fred- 
 ricksburg lodge, A. F. A. M. 
 
 C. M. Stone, farmer, P. O. Fredericksburg, owns 320 acres of 
 land; was born at Sherman. Cbatauqua county, N. Y.,in'37. With 
 his father, he moved to Illinois in '43, and later to Green county, 
 Wis. In '54, after the death of his father, he came to Iowa, and 
 entered eighty acres of government land, which he afterwards sold. 
 Was afterwords engaged in conducting a meat market, in Lawlcr, 
 for three years; he then sold out, purchasing land in this town- 
 ship. This land is all improved and fitted for stock purpoees. On 
 
 an average, he keeps eighteen head of horses and fifty head of cat- 
 
 le. Mr. Stone, operates all the land himself, and has filled the 
 
 office of justice of the peace, for several yaars, and also, that of 
 
 township trustee. Was married in 'GO, in this township, to Elsio 
 
 J. Fisk, and they have six children, David.!., Charles H., Mary A., 
 
 Willie B. and Ebenezer I. Mrs. Stone is also a native of Nevr 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 591 
 
 York, and is a daughter of J. G. Fisk, of Utica township, this 
 county. 
 
 W. H. Linderman, farmer, section 23, owns 360 acres of land; 
 born in 1824 in Tompkins county, N. Y., and in '42 moved to 
 Boone county, 111., and engaged in farming until June, '54, when 
 he came to this county, and purchased 160 acres of government 
 land. He has been a resident of this township ever since, except 
 one year which he spent in California, and has resided seven years 
 in the village of Fredericksburg. The land is all improved and 
 well fitted for stock purposes, and has a good grade of Durham 
 cattle, from forty to fifty head, and from twelve to twenty horses. 
 Mr. L. has sers'ed two terms on the county board of &upervisoi"S. 
 Was married in '47, in Illinois, to Mrs. P. Adams, and their chil- 
 dren are, Merritt, Fanny, Frank and Edward. 
 
 A. Knight, farmer, owns 340 acres of land; was born in 1827, at 
 Rushford, N. Y. In 1862, he left that state, and located in Free- 
 port, 111., where he was engaged in farming, two years and then 
 came to Iowa and purchased the home faim, at this placa, having 
 bought the balance since. Keeps from sixty to eighty head of 
 cattle, some of which are full-blood Durham, and nearly all high 
 grade. Mr. K. was married, '65, in this state, to Louisa M. Wil- 
 cox, by whom he has one child, Lydia May; he has also three 
 coildren, by a former marriage, Carrie C, Adeline S. and Annie. 
 
 George Barker, farmer, section 36, owns 600 acres of land ; was 
 born in Yorkshire, England, in '20 and came to America in '53, 
 farming for five years in Cook county. 111., then came to this state 
 and commenced improving 160 acres which he had purchased at 
 government price some years previous, and has purchased the 
 rest of land since, now all improved, and constitutes one of the 
 finest tarms in the county, keeping from seventy to one hundred 
 bead of cattle, of good grade. Fine residence and barns ornament 
 the model farm. Was married in England in '50, to Isabella 
 Swale, by whom he has four children, Samuel, James, Edward 
 and Isabella. 
 
 E. W. Proctor, farmer, section 7, owns 215 acres of land; was 
 born in '26, in Erie county, Ohio, and in '56 he came to Iowa and 
 locating where he now resides, and purchased 120 acres, having 
 bought the rest since. The land is all well improved, and a fine 
 residence and building adorn the place. Was married in '53, in 
 
I 
 
 -592 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Ohio, to Sarah Hamer, by whom he^had three children, only one, 
 Fva, living. Mrs. P. died in 71, and he afterwards married in 74 
 Minerva Cornell, of Fredricksburg township, by whom he has 
 three children. 
 
 Jonathan Jones, farmer, section 16, owns 160 acres; was born 
 in '12, in Benson, Vt., and his parents moved in the following year 
 to Pennsylvania, and five year later to Cayuga county, N. Y., 
 where he remained until '36, then moved to Kendall county, 111., 
 later moved to Lake county. 111., where he remained until '55, 
 when he came to Iowa and settled where he now resides. His 
 land is all improved, and well fitted and stocked, with cattle, 
 •eheep, horses, etc. Was married in '33, in New York to Miss 
 Reed; five daughters and three sons now living. Mrs. J. died in 
 '62, annd he was again married in this ceunty to Mrs. Brown 
 (nee Campbell) by whom he has one daughter. 
 
 E. A. Churchill, farmer, section 26, owns 80 acres of land; was 
 born in Westerford, Chittenden county, Vt. When about twenty 
 years of age, he moved to Sandusky county, Ohio, where he re- 
 mained five years, railroading, and then moved to Belvidere, 111., 
 Boone county, remaining two years, when he came to Iowa, set- 
 tling in Bremer county, in '55, taking up government land. In Au- 
 gust, '62, he enlisted in companj'- B, Fourteenth Iowa regiment, 
 at Waverly, served two and a half years, and was discharged at 
 Davenport, in November, '64. Removed to this county in '68, 
 and bought the land he now owns but did not move on it for two 
 years, renting land near Fredericksburg. Was married in Bremer 
 county, in '57, to Lucy Watkins, and they have four children, 
 Albert, Henry, Henrietta and Mary. Mr. C. is a member of the 
 G. A. R. post at Fredericksburg. 
 
 O. Burnham, farmer, section 25, owns 260 acres of land; was 
 born in '32, in Orleans county, N. Y., and in the spring of '55 he 
 came to Iowa, locating where he now resides, and obtained eighty 
 acres from the government, the rest he has since purchased. The 
 land is well improved and thoroughly fitted as a stock and dairy 
 farm. A fine residence, barns, groves and gardens beautify this 
 model home. Was married in '54, in New York, to Nancy Ann 
 Day, by whom he has two children, Alida and Alma. He is a 
 member of A. F, A. M. 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 593 
 
 John Howard Sr., farmer, section 30, owns 280 acres of land; 
 was born in Devonshire, England, in '12, and was engaged there 
 at farm labor until '50, when he came to the United States, and 
 settled in Huron county, Ohio. Came to Iowa in February, '55, 
 settling in Fayette county, and in November, '56, moved to this 
 county, where he entered 120 acres of land from the government. 
 He is one of the most extensive as well as most thorough farmers 
 in the township, and his farm is truly a model one, being fitted in 
 the best manner for stock and dairy purposes, and is stocked with 
 about forty head of cattle and six horses, Was married in Eng- 
 land, July 12, '40, to Sarah Heal, and they have four children, 
 John, George, Ellen and James. 
 
 John Ward, farmer and blacksmith, section 21; was born in 
 Huntingdonshire, England, in '45, and his parents brought him to 
 the United States in his childhood, and settled in Linn, Wis., 
 where he resided five years, and then went to McHenry county, 
 111., whei'e he learned his trade, and in the fall of '72 he came to 
 Iowa and commenced farming, and established business. Was 
 married in '72 in Wisconsin, to Miss Warren, and have two chil- 
 dren. 
 
 F. Burmaster, farmer, section 30, owns 440 acres of land; was 
 born in Mecklenburg, Swerene, Germany, April 23, '22, he was en- 
 gaged in driving stage in the old country for eleven years, and 
 came to the United States in June, '51, first locating in Milwaukee, 
 where he remained about four years, then went to Freeport, Stev- 
 ens county, 111., where he remained two years. In '57 he came to 
 Iowa and pre-empted land, and in May of the same year he pur- 
 chased 160 acres in section 30, eighty acres of which he has since 
 sold. The land is now all improved and under fence, and well 
 fitted as a stock farm, He keeps about eighty head of cattle on 
 the farm, and uses four teams. Was married in '50 in Germany 
 to Dora Chabl, and they have three children, Charley, Albert and 
 Willie. 
 
 James Stephens, farmer, section 10, owns 160 acres of land; was 
 born in '26 in Scotland, and was raised a farmer. In '50 he came 
 to the Unitei States, stopping in Winnebago county, ten years, 
 and then came to Iowa, and purchased land of the government. 
 In '60 he permanently located; the land is now all improved and 
 
694 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 fenced,an(l fitted in a first-class manner as a stock and dairy farm; 
 keeping about thirty head of cattle.* He has filled the office of 
 Bchool treasurer about eight year3, since the organization of the in- 
 dependent school district. Was married in '56, in Illinois, to El- 
 len Radford, and they have three children, Mary, Willie and 
 George. 
 
 J. E. Hagerty, farmer, section 9, owns 120 acres of land; was 
 born in Miami county, Ohio, in 1829. In his infancy his parents 
 moved to Pennsylvania, where he lived with his grandparents un- 
 til he was about twelve years old, when he moved to Ohio, and 
 later to Indiana. In -62, he enlisted, in Grant county, Wisconsin, 
 in company D, Thirtj'^-third Wis. infantry, and served three years, 
 and was discharged at Madison, Wis., in '65, having participated 
 with his regiment in the battles at Nashville, Spanish Fort, Fort 
 Blakeley and Red river; he was slightly wounded by a minie ball, 
 at Vicksburg. In '66 he came to Iowa, and purchasing land, has 
 eince lived here and improved his farm, which is fitted io"v stock 
 purposes, with a herd of twenty head of cattle and three horses. 
 Was married in April, '68, in this county, to Miss Holcomb, and 
 their children are. May, Jane and Nellie. Mr. H. is a member of 
 the G. A. R. post, at Fredericksburg. 
 
 Allen Simons, farmer, section 30, owns 160 acres of land; was 
 born in Berkshire count}', Mass., in '26, and was raised on a farm. 
 In '48, he moved to Connecticut, and engaged in blacksmithing. 
 But, in '55, he came to Iowa, and purchased 160 acres of land, of 
 the government, about seventy acres of which is under plough, 
 and all is well fenced and fitted for stock and dairy purposes, he 
 having, on an average, thirty -five head of cattle and five horses. 
 Was married in January, '53, in Connecticut, to Jane Struble, and 
 their five children are named, Hattie, Edwin, Vinnal Wilbur and 
 Mar3\ 
 
 Charles Lathrop, farmer, section 18, owns eighty acres of land,' 
 was born in July, 1818, at Granby, Mass., Avhere he worked in a 
 factory and paper mill. In the spring of '62 he moved to La- 
 Salle county, 111., and in '66 came to Iowa, and purchased the 
 land he now owns. It is thoroughly improved, and fitted for a 
 stock and dairy farm. Was married in August, '54, at West 
 Springfield, Mass., to Susan Hutchinson, and their children are, 
 Lucinda, Charles M. and Henry. 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY B10GKAPH1E8. 695 
 
 » 
 
 John Kerssen, fanner, section 17, owns eeventy ucres of land; 
 was born in '52 in Germany, where he was raised on a farm, ;ind 
 engaged also at brick making. In the Bpring of '68 became totlie 
 United States, settling at Kenosha, Wis., and engaged at farm la- 
 bor. In March, 77, he came to Iowa and settleil on land that he 
 had pvirchased three years previous. Was married in '77 toEliza- 
 betli Toynton, and they have three children, Herman, Henrj' and 
 Katie. 
 
 W, W. Pike, farmer, section 7, P. O. W'illiamstown. owns 125 
 acres of land; was born at North Adams, Mass., in '25. Came to 
 loAva in '55, locating where he now resides; he ]jurcbasing part of 
 hie land of the government. The land is all thoroughly improv- 
 and fitted for stock and dairy purposes. Was married in Massa- 
 chusetts, in '53, to Emily Hutchinson, and their two children are 
 Ella and Nettie. 
 
 J. B. Lihderman, farmer, section 2, owns ninety acres of land; 
 was born in '30, in Tom})kins county, N. Y., and he came to Iowa 
 in '62, and located where he now resides; his land is well improv- 
 ed, and under cultivation. Was iiiarried in '51, in Illinois, to 
 Mrs. Mary Large, and their three children are Herbert, Nellie and 
 Minnie. 
 
-596 CHICKASAW COUNTY BTOGRAPHIES. 
 
 FREDERICKSBURG TOWNSHIP. 
 
 John Waggoner, farmer, section, 14, P. 0. Fredericksburg, owns 
 eighty acres of land, valued at S20 perac^e; was born in Germany 
 in '45, and is the eldest son of Thomas ;md Mary Waggoner. At 
 the age of three his parents immigrated to America, and engaged 
 in farming in Wisconsin. Mr. W. remained in that state until '70, 
 when he removed to Chickasaw county, and with the exception of 
 two years spent in Bremer county, has made it his home. Was 
 married to Euphelia Ifallett, in '6o, by whom he had one child, 
 William E. His wife died in the spring of '67. and in '70 he was 
 married to Almira .Mower, a native of Wisconsin. She is a mem- 
 ber of the Baptist church. The subject of this sketch is a mem- 
 •ber of the Masonic fraternity, and of the G. A. R. Enlisted in '62 
 in the twenty-third, Wisconsin, volunteer infantry, under Colon?l 
 Guppy. Participated in the seige of Vicksburg, Arkahsns Post 
 and Kangaroo Bayou, at the latter of which he was taken i)rison- 
 er, and remained in durance vile four weary months, before he 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 597 
 
 was exchanged. Afterwards he went through Texas, accompany- 
 ing the expedition up Red River, and was at the battle of Pleasant 
 Hill and Kane River, and was finally discharged at Mobile, Ala., 
 in '65, after participating in the battles of Ft. Morgan, Ft. Blakely 
 and Spanish Fort. 
 
 Peter Case, postmaster, Fredericksburg; was born in Somerset 
 county, N. J., in '26. While he was yet an infant, his parents 
 moved to Rochester, N. Y., where he grew to manhood. In '51, 
 he immigrated to the state of Wisconsin, and locating in Dodge 
 county, resided there for four years. From thence, in '55. he re- 
 moved to this count}'^, and settled in this township until '61, when 
 he moved into the village, and was appointed postmaster the same 
 year, a position which he still retains. He was raised a farmer, 
 which occupation he followed until his 1-emoval to the village. 
 Mr. C. was so unfortunate as to lose a limb, in his early manhood 
 by a white swelling. He. has been town clerk for twenty-four 
 years, and is a stanch republican in politics. Was married in '61, 
 to Amy Jeannette Eager, a native of Oneida county, N. Y., and 
 the have two children, named, Helena Josephine and Florence 
 Ijibbie. 
 
 J. K. Cornell, farmer, section 14, P.. 0. Fredericksburg, owns 165 
 acrco of land, valued at $35 per acre; was born in Canada West in 
 '22, and is the second son of Moses and Mary Cornell. When he 
 was twenty-nine j^ears old he left Canada, and settled in Boone 
 €0urt3% 111., and lived there until '61, when he moved to Delaware 
 county, Iowa, where he remained until '59, when he came to 
 
 Chickasaw county, and since been a resident here. Was married 
 
 in '42 to Sallie Paj'^son, a native of New York, and they have 
 
 eleven children, Minerva H., Mary E., James B., Martha A., Har- 
 
 riette T., Melissa A., Sarah, Eva and Efiie E., twins, Bertha and 
 
 William. They have lost four children, Moses, Emma, Orran and 
 
 Orion, twins. 
 
 Charles Mabie, farmer, section 21, P. 0. Fredericksburg, owns 
 200 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre; was born in '28 in New 
 York state, and is the oldest son of Aaron and Amy Mabie. When 
 he was ten years old his parents removed to Pennsylvania, and 
 
598 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 after a stay of four years came west to Boone county, 111., where 
 they lived twenty-one years. From there they went to Bremer 
 county, Iowa, then to Chickasaw county, where he remained eight 
 years. In 71 he made his permanent settlement where he now 
 resides. Was married in '53 to Elmira. Cangdon, a native of New 
 York state, and they have two children, Ida L. and J. L. The 
 subject of this sketch has been justice of the peace for Fredericks- 
 burg township four years. He and his family are members of the 
 Baptist church. 
 
 R. W. Kidder, farmer, section 17, P. 0. Fredericksburg,, owns 
 240 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre; was born in Vermont in 
 '33, and is the second son of George F. and Clarissa Kidder. When 
 he was five years old his parents moved west to Cook county, 111.^ 
 where he lived until he was twenty-five year; of age, when he re- 
 moved to Chickasaw county, Iowa, and has been a resident of the 
 county since. Was married in '60 to Hannah Marsh, a native of 
 of Ohio, lind they have five children, Edwin G., Alice M., Samuel 
 M., Kitty J. and Ralph W. The subject of this sketch has held 
 the office of township assessor lor five years. In '62 he enlisted in 
 the thirty-eighth Iowa volunteer infantry, Col. Hughes command- 
 ing, and participated in the seige of Vicksburg, and was finally 
 discharged at Houston, Texas, in '65. 
 
 John S. Buck, farmer, section 7, P. O. and residence Fredericks- 
 burg, owns 1482 acres of land, valued at $30 per acre; was born in 
 Washington county, N. Y., in '28, and is the eldest son of Anson 
 and Maria Buck. When he was eight years old his parents re- 
 moved to Oswego county, N. Y., and remained until he was nine 
 years of age, when they moved to Kane, county, 111., where he 
 lived until '75, when he removed to Chickasaw county, where he 
 has resided ever since. Was married in '74 to' Frances Benthuy- 
 een, a native of Illinois, and they have two children, Anson H. 
 and Sarah M. Mr. B. also has a married daughter residing in 
 Illinois. 
 
 J. H. Benedict, farmer, section 12, Fredericksburg, owns 240 
 acres of land valued at $25 per acre; was born in '40, in the state 
 of New York, and is the fourth son of Hiram and Sallie Benedict. 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 599 
 
 When fifteen years old he came west with his parents and settled 
 in Fredericksburg, Chickasaw county, Iowa, and has been a resi- 
 dent since. Was married in '68 to Elinor Lyman, a native of Ne\r 
 York, and they have two children, Winnie J, and William H. 
 Mr. Benedict is a member of the I. O. O. F., and has served a3 
 township collector one term. 
 
 J. H. Herrick, farmer, section 2, P. 0. Fredericksburg, owns 245 
 acres of land, valued at $25, per acre; was born in the state of New 
 York, in '27, and is the second son of Leonard and Sarah Herrick. 
 In '65 he left New York, and settled on the place where he now 
 resides. He was married in '48 to Elizabeth Eldrett, a native of 
 England, and they have four children, John D., Anna A., William 
 G. and George B. They have also an adopted daughter, Anna B. 
 The subject of this sketch and his wife are members of the Bap- 
 tist churgh. 
 
 John B. Clark, farmer, section 4, P. O. Fredericksburg, owns 160 
 acres of land valued at $25 per acre; was born in Scotland, in 1837, 
 and is the only son of Robert and Susan Clark. When he was 19 
 years old he left Scotland and came to America and settled in 
 Illinois, near Chicago, living there five years, and in 1861 removed 
 to Missouri where he remained until 1864, when he returned to 
 Illinois and stayed till 1869; and in that year removed to Iowa 
 and has been a resident since. He was married in 1858 to Jane 
 Harrington, a native of England, and has nine children: Robert 
 L., David B., John H., Horace G., Susan J., Anna, Alfred T., 
 Ernest and Jennie. Mr. Clark is a member of the Masonic fra- 
 ternity, and his wife and himself are both members of the M. E. 
 Church. Mr. Clark served one year in the home guard in Missouri 
 and two years in the 9th Missouri Cavalry, participating in the 
 battles of Hartsville and Grand River, and was finally discharged 
 at St. Louis, in 1864. 
 
 Milo L. Sherman, dealer in general merchandise, business es- 
 tablished in 1868; was born in Kane county. 111., in 1839, Sept. 2d, 
 where he lived on a farm with his parents until 1861, when he en- 
 listed as a private in company 'I,' 52d Illinois Infantry. He was 
 severely wounded in October, 1862, and promoted to a non-com- 
 missioned office and was discharged in 1864. Re-enlisted as a 
 
600 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 veteran and was again discharged, at Chicago, March 23, 1865, and 
 returned to his home, near Elgin, where he taught school one term 
 and then came to Fredericksburg, in October '65, engaging as a 
 clerk with Haskett and Sherman. Continued with them, until 
 February, '68, when he engaged in business for himself, on a small 
 scale, from which he has continually increased to its present di- 
 mension. In October, '61, he was married to Maria Buck, also a 
 native of Kane county. 111., and has one child whose name is 
 Clarence H. 
 
 L. F. Howe, proprietor of the hotel and farmer, was born in 
 Lorraine county, Ohio, in 1824,- where he resided until '53, when 
 he removed to Boone county 111. ; from thence in '57, went to 
 Owatonna, Minnesota, which place he made his home for eleven 
 years. In '68, he came to this town; and in '79 he took charge of 
 the present hotel. Enlisted in March, '65, i i company 'E' First 
 Minnesota Infantry and served until the close of the war. In '49 
 he married Mary Tisdale, who was born in Cattaraugus county, N. 
 Y» and has six children:* Agnes, Ella, Lillian, Frank, Minnie and 
 Hattie, He has been a carpenter and builder as well as a farmer, 
 and was one of the first settlers in Owatonna, and was engaged in 
 building most of the time while there. 
 
 L. Padden, farmer and proprietor of the Creamery, owns 500 
 acres of land, wliich is valued at S25 per acre. He was born in 
 Pennsylvania, in '46. In his infancy, he removed, with his par- 
 ents, to Astabula county, Ohio, and when he was nine years of age, 
 came to this county with liis mother, locating in this township^ 
 where he has since remained, engaged in faiming, general merchan- 
 dise and various other businesses. In February, '64, he enlisted 
 in company 'F,' 9th Iowa Infantry and served some eighteen 
 months, participating in several battles, and marched with Sher- 
 man, in his march to the sea, which was a continual skirmish. 
 He married Clara Tisdale, a native of Iowa, and they have four 
 children: Johnnie, Nellie, Harry and an infant. Mr. Padden is a 
 staunch Republican in politics. 
 
 G. W. Bolton, dealer in hardware, stoves and tinware, which 
 business he established in '78; was born in Troy, Rensselaer 
 county, N. Y., in '51, where he remained until' 61, when he came 
 
<:hioka8aw county bioguaphiks. 601 
 
 west with his parents, and settled in this county. He came to the 
 vilhige of Fredericksburg in 76. His early life was spent on a 
 farm and in learning the trade of tinner, which latter business he 
 followed until he engaged in his present business. In 75 he was 
 married to Alice L. Hale, a native of Bremer county, this state, 
 and they have two children, Lida May and Hale. 
 
 John Morf,. farmer, section 24, P. O. Kidgefield, owns 160 acres 
 of land valued at $25 per acre; was born in Switzerland, in '48, 
 and is the fourth son of Henry and Margeretta Morf. When he 
 was twenty-five years old he left the old country and came to 
 America, settling in Stapleton township, this county, where he 
 lived four years, and then removed to this township, and has been 
 a resident ever since. He was married, in 74, to Lena Weber 
 also a native of Switzerland, and they have four children, J, H., 
 George, .Rudolph and Leonza. He and his wife are members of 
 the Congregational church. 
 
 Eldridge L. (jilbert, l"armer,section 7, P. O. Fredericksburg, owns 
 80 acres of land, valued at $20 per acre; was born in Lock county, 
 Wis., in 184J,and is the eldest son of Lovell R. and Clarissa 
 Gilbert. When 15 years old he left Wisconsin and settled in 
 Clayton county, Iowa, where he resided fourteen years, then came 
 to Chickysaw county, and has lived there since. He was married 
 in '57 to Rebecca M. Bishop and has three children: Louie, Lovell 
 R. and Walter B. 
 
 Wm. J, Colt, I'armer, section 28, P. O. Fredericksburg, owns 440 
 acres of land valued at $25 per acre. Was born in New York in 
 '31. He is the second son of Wm. J. jind Elizabeth S. Cult. Wlien 
 he was 21 years old he left N. Y. and came to Walworth county, 
 Wis., where he remained one year. Then, in '58, he removed to 
 Belvidere, HI., remained there one year, and removed to DeKalb 
 county, 111., and staid till '63. From there he went to Franklin 
 county, Iowa, remained two years, then went to Nashua, staid four 
 years, and in '69 came to Fredericksburg township of which he 
 has since been a resident. Worked as a carriiigx- maker until he 
 
 came to the'I>urg.' He was first married in '56 to Lucy Armstrong, 
 
 of New York. They had three children: Henry B., Herman and 
 
 Wm. J. His wife died in '66, and in '67 he married Margaret. 
 
602 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Mahona, vrho died in '69. lu February, 70, he married Rhoda 
 Martin, a native of Canada. They have two children: Loretta U. 
 C, Arel E. Mr. Colt has been school director and treasurer for 
 ten years; also township trustee. Has been a member of the 
 ' Baptist church for twenty years. 
 
 Patrick Harvey, farmer, section 32, P. O. Fredericksburg, owns 
 240 acres of land valued at $25 per acre; was born in Ireland in 
 '32, and is the youngest son of Patrick and Mary Harvey. When 
 he was sixteen years old he came to America and settled in West- 
 chester county, N. Y., where he learned the trade of hatter. Re- 
 mained there 8 years and in '58^ removed to Bremer county, Iowa, 
 of which place he waB a resident until '72, when he came to 
 Chickasaw county, and located on the farm where he now lives, in 
 Fredericksburg township. He was married in '58, to Mary Lacy, 
 a native, also, of Ireland, and has nine children: John L., Patrick 
 F., Catherine J-, Mary A., Pierce., Joseph E., Benedict, Rosanna 
 and William. Mr. Harvey has been town trustee and school 
 treasurer. He and family are all members of the Roman Catholic 
 church. 
 
 Patrick Nolan, farmer, section 34, P. O. Fredericksburg, owna 
 480 acres of land valued at $15 per acre; was born in Ireland in 
 1820 and is the eldest son of Wm. and Bridget Nolan. When 22 
 years old, he left Ireland and came to America and located in N. 
 Y. in '43. Remained there and in Pennsylvania and Vermont fif- 
 teen years, working at the trade of founder and moulder, and in 
 '59 came west to Iowa and located in Stapleton township, Chicka- 
 saw county, where he lived until '82, when he removed to Fred- 
 ericksburg, locating on the farm he now resides on. He was married 
 in '51, to Elizabeth Armstrong, a native of Ireland, and has nine 
 children: William, Catharine, James, Francis, Alice, Thomas, 
 Stephen, Maria and Peter. He has been school director, road 
 supervisor and town treasurer. The family are all members of 
 the Roman Catholic Church. Mr. Nolan is also the owner of 220 
 acres of land in section 31, Stapleton township, valued at $20 per 
 acre. 
 
 Wm. A. Robinson, farmer, section 33, P. 0. Sumner, owns 120 
 acres of land, valued at $27 per acre; was born in Rochester, N. 
 Y., in 1853, and is the eldest son of Benjamin and Mary Robinson. 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 603 
 
 When he was very young, his parents left New York and came 
 west to Illinois, where he lived until he was nine years old, when 
 they removed to Bremer county, Iowa, and remained there till '77, 
 when he removed to Chickasaw county, and located on the farm 
 where he now lives. He was married in 77, to Eleanor Dawson, a 
 native of England and they have one child: Frank R. Mr. Rob- 
 inson is a member of the A. 0. U. W. 
 
 John H. Ellison, farmer, section 8, P. 0. Fredericksburg, owns 
 160 acres of land valued at $25 per acre; was born in Indiana, in 
 '44, and is the second son of Darius and Hannah Ellison. When 
 he was twelve years old he left Indiana and settled in Minnesota, 
 where he remained until '67, when he removed to Iowa and settled 
 in Chickasaw county, where he has since resided. Was married 
 in '70, to Rinda Eager. They have two children: Irving and 
 Lillian. Ehlisted in '64 in the 11th Minnesota Vol. Infantry; 
 Colonel G'ilfillan. Was discharged in '65 at Gallatin, Tenn." Mr. 
 Ellison is a member of the G. A. R. 
 
 J. M. Ferris, farmer, section 6, P. 0. Fredericksburg, owns 140 
 acres of land valued at $30 per acre. Was born in Chenango 
 county, N. Y. in '23. Is the oldest son of Benjamin and Lydia 
 Ferris. He left N. Y. when he was 33 years old, and came to 
 Chickasaw county, Iowa, where he has since resided. He was 
 married iri '54 to Miranda M. Fish, of New York. They have 
 three children: Frankie L., Flora C. and Arthur F. He has held 
 the office of J. P. 
 
 Thomas Trewin, farmer, section 2, P. 0. Lawler, owns 160 acres 
 valued at $25 per acre. He was born in England in '42, and is 
 the eldest son of Henry and Mary A. Trewin. When eight years 
 old he left England, with his parents, and came to America and 
 located in Illinois, where he remained until '72, when he came to 
 Iowa and settled in Chickasaw county, of which place he has been 
 a resident since. Was married in '72 to Martha Cornell, a native 
 of Canada, and has 5 children: Ada A., Ervin, Guy, Earl and 
 Howard. Mr. Trewin is a member of the Masonic and I. 0. 0. F. 
 orders. 
 
 R. L. Schoonover, farmer, section 23, P. 0. Fredericksburg, owns 
 160 acres of land; was born in Indiana, in 1843, and is the fourth 
 
604 
 
 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 son of John and Mary Schoonover. When he was three years of 
 age, his parents moved to Jetferson county, Wis., where he resid- 
 ed twenty-six years, but in 1871, he removed to Iowa, and located 
 near Frank ville, Winnesheik county. He remained here some 
 four years and then removed to Chickasaw county. He was mar 
 ried, in 1869, to Cleopha Weston, a native of New York, and they 
 have five children, Etta E., Mary M., Da-\dd E., Clara B. and 
 John G. 
 
 mm^ 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 605 
 
 DAYTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Hon. James F. Babcock, section 12, P. 0. New Hampton, owns 
 350 acres land valued at $40 per acre. He was born in Stuben 
 ■ county, Ohio, in '33. When he was two years of age his parents 
 removed to Lake county, Ohio, where young James grew to man- 
 hood, being raised on a farm and receiving his education at the 
 common schools. When he reached his 21st birthday he started 
 west and his first location was in Fayette county where he engaged 
 in farming for a period of 12 years; two years of which time he 
 was sheriff of that county and for a number of years was United 
 States Provost Martial for this district. In '66 he came to New 
 Hampton and opened the Pioneer Drug Store of this place and 
 conducted the same until 77 when he sold out and purchased the 
 farm upon which he now resides. Mr. Babcock is an extensive 
 breeder of Holstein cattle and Hambletonian horses and may be 
 said to be one of the most successful farmers of Chickasaw county 
 Although not an office seeker Mr. B. has been chosen to fill the 
 
606 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 position of Representative in the State Legislature — has been a 
 member of the county board and was the first Mayor of New 
 Hampton. He was married to Mary L. Robinson, a native of 
 Susquehanna county, Penn., and they have three children: Harris 
 B., James F. and Mary L. 
 
 William H. Cook, farmer, section 33, township of Dayton, 
 Chickasaw county, Iowa, owns 80 acres of land, 43 of which are 
 under cultivation. Mr. Cook was born in New Jersey, in '31. In 
 '66 he came west and located on sections 30 and 31 in this county. 
 In '76 he moved onto his j^resent loc.ition. During the war of 
 the Rebellion Mr. Cook served his country in the 58th Pennsylva- 
 nia Volunteer Infantry, where he held a commission as orderly 
 sergeant. Was enlisted April 16th, '61 and was honorably dis- 
 charged January 24th, '66. He is a member of the G. A. R., and 
 in politics he figures with the Republican party. He was united 
 in marriage to Susan Shank, a native of Pennsylvania. They 
 have a family of three children: John S., Samuel E. and a mar- 
 ried daughter named Mrs. Mary Smith. They have lost one son 
 by death, Wm. H. Jr., who died at Bismark, Dakota, May 30th, 
 1883. 
 
 L. B. Davison, section 11, P. 0. New Hampton, owns 320 acres 
 land, valued at $30 per acre. He was born in New York, in '37, 
 and came west in '49, since which time he has made his home in 
 nine different states and has lived on his present farm since '75. 
 Married E. J. Annabel in '60 and they have nine children: Clara, • 
 aged twenty -two years, Mary J., aged seventeen, Belle, aged four- 
 teen. Bertha, aged eleven, C. W., aged nine, J. L., aged six, Hulda, 
 aged four and Nina, aged two. They have one child by adoption 
 named Coral Dickerson, aged eleven years. Mr. Davison has held 
 the office of town clerk, member of school board and is consider- 
 able of a i^olitician. 
 
 John Mulvyhill, farmer, section 15, owns 133 acres of land. 
 Born in county Kerry, Ireland, went to Canada, in spring of 1851 
 and came to U. S. in '56, and settled at this place, purchased the 
 land which is now fitted for stock, and is we.l improved. In '54 
 he married Mary Murphy, a native of Canada, and their children 
 are: Daniel, Johnnie, Dennis, Thomas, James, William, Margaret 
 and Mary Ann. 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 607 
 
 George Crooks, farmer, section 29, owns 440 acres of land, 175 
 acres of which is under cultivation, his farm is thoroughly fitted 
 for stock raising; luxuriant pastures and extensive barns help to 
 make it a model farm. Mr. C. makes a specialty of stocK raising. 
 He was born in county Tyrone, Ireland, December 12, '25, and 
 came to America in '44, and located in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he 
 remained until '56, when he again moved west, this time to Chick- 
 asaw county, and engaged in farming, with limited means, from 
 which he has arisen to his present prosperous condition. In j^oli- 
 tics he is a republican, and has served as township trustee several 
 years, which position he is holding at the present time (1883). 
 He was married to Margaret Smith, a native of Ireland, and they 
 have seven children, Jane, James H., Sarah, Margaret, Nettie and 
 George W. 
 
 Jacob Hochspeier, farmer, section 9, P. 0. New Hampton, owns 
 360 acres of land, valued at $20 per acre; was born in Germany 
 in '29, and is a son of Jacob and Elizabeth Hockspeier. The sub- 
 ject of our sketch came* to America in '49, and his first location 
 was in New York city, where he worked at his trade of tailoring 
 for three and one-half years; in '52 he came west and settled in 
 Stephenson county, 111., and two years later he came to this county 
 and settled in Washington township; he soon after returned to 111., 
 and for a number of years was engaged in the furniture business. 
 In '60 he again returned to Chickas'Bw county, and purchased the 
 farm on which he now resides. He married Appy Kehm, of Ger- 
 many, and they have six children, Margaret, Elizabeth, Lena, 
 Appy, Jacob and Fred. They are all members of the Evangelical 
 church. 
 
 Gerard Krieger, farmer, owns 500 acres of land; was born in 
 Germany, in '22, where he learned the trade of carpenter, and 
 came to the United States in '47, and worked in St. Louis, Mo. one 
 year, and farmed and worked at his trade in different parts of the 
 state for the next five years. Then he came to Iowa, and lived at 
 Davenport, Scott county, five years, then purchased land in that 
 county, living there twenty years; he finally sold out there and 
 came to this county, and purchased land. His home farm in 
 Dayton township is thoroughly improved and fitted for stock 
 farming. A fine residence and barn add to the natural beauty of 
 the place. Two of his sons, John and William, operate the farm 
 
608 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 in New Hampton township. Another son, Theodore assisting his 
 father in the management of the home farm. Mr. K. was married 
 in Missouri to Mary Ann Brus, and their children are John T., 
 William, Theodore A. and Elizabeth A, 
 
 Mathias Miller, farmer, section 5, owns eighty acres of land; 
 was born in Germany in 1830, and came to the United States in 
 '52, settling first in Ohio, and came to Iowa in '69 and bought 
 land where he now resides, which he has thoroughly improved, 
 and fitted for the stock and dairy business. Married in '69 to 
 Catherine Lentz, and their children are ^laggie, Katie, Mathias, 
 Johnnie and Henry. 
 
 C. E. Dauty, section 35, P. 0. New Hampton, owns 120 acres of 
 land, valued at S25 per acre; was born in the state of Maine in '47 
 and in '69 he moved to Dodge county, Wisconsin, and in '73 came 
 to Iowa, and settled on his present farm. Mr. D. has been town- 
 ship trustee for three years; he married Almeda H. Adams, also a 
 native of Maine, and they have two small childre n. Frank E. and 
 Cora L. 
 
 H. H. Rekers, farmer, section 16, owns 230 acres of land; was 
 born May, 1850, in Elgin, 111., and came to Iowa with his parents 
 in '55, in '70 they went to Black Hawk county, this state, and in 
 '81 settled here, when he purchased the land abova described, 
 which is now well improved, and thoroughly fitted as a stock and 
 dairy farm, situated on the middle Wapsie river. Married Sarah 
 Byrank, and they have two children, Charlej' and Ella. 
 
 E. A. Sweet, P. 0. Ionia, owns 265 acres of land, valued at 825 
 per acre; was born in Fulton county, N. Y., in 1830, and moved 
 to Dane county. Wis., in '57, where he lived eight years, and from 
 which place he emigrated to Chickasaw county. Married Sarah 
 E. Kmg, in the state of New York, and they have six children, 
 Erwin, John, Fred, Pratt, Blanche and Lettie. Mr. S. has held 
 the office of assessor, road supervisor and township trustee for 
 many years. 
 
 J. \V. Snyder, section 24, P. 0. New Hampton, owns 180 acres 
 of land, valued at 830 per acre; was born in Center county, Penn., 
 in 1847, when seven years of age he removed with his parents to 
 Stephenson county. 111., where he remained until "70, when he 
 came to Iowa, and soon after located on his present farm. Was 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 609 
 
 married to Mary Lichtenvvalner of Pennsylvania, and they have 
 four children, John P., Nellie E., Percy J. and Sarah G. Mr. S. 
 enlisted in company K, sixteenth Wisconsin volunteer infantry ,in 
 '64; and served two years. Was in the battles of Kenasaw moun- 
 tain, Atlanta, and a number of skirmishes; he has been township 
 trustee three years. 
 
 Geo. McCaughey, section 23, P. 0. New Hampton, owns 200 
 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre; was born in Stark county, 
 Ohio, in 1821, and is a son of Robert and Mary McCaughey. In 
 '51 he left Stark county, and came west to Green county, Wis., re- 
 maining there until '63 when he removed to this county, locating 
 on his present farm in '68. Mr. C. has been a member of the 
 county board of supervisors four years. Was married to Martha 
 C. Jackson, in '44, who died in '47, and was again married in '53 
 to Margaret A. White of Ashland, Ohio. The subject of our 
 sketch is th^ father of nine children, Mary E., Samuel W., Hattie, 
 Frank H., Sarah Jane, Geo., Isaac A., Edwin and Martha. 
 
610 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 BRADFORD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 George K. Smith, farmer, section 27. has 252 acres of land. His 
 farm is beautifully located about four and a half miles southeast 
 of the prosperous town of Nashua and situated as it is upon the 
 rise of ground just east of the Cedar river, with its gently undulat- 
 ing surface and fine buildings, makes it one of the most beautiful 
 and valuable farms in this section of country. Mr. Smith is a 
 progressive farmer. In "S2 he erected a fine residence on this 
 place, the size of which is, main building. 16x26 feet. 16 feet posts; 
 east wing, 26x14 feet, 10 feet posts, and the north addition is 16x 
 16 feet with eight feet posts. In 'So he erected a fine new barn at 
 a big expense, the size of which is 40x62 feet, with 20 feet posts, 
 and a basement of S^ feet deep, whicli will stable 24 head of cat- 
 tle, and 14 head of hoi-ses, and will hold something over 100 tons 
 of hay, and an oat bin with a capacity of about 500 bushels; be- 
 sides these buildings he has all the necessary out buildings, sucli 
 as corn cribs, granaries, etc., making in all one of the finest equip- 
 ped farms in this vicinity. Mr. Smith is a native of Germany. 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY EIOGRAPHIE?. 611 
 
 where he was born May 9, '40. At the age of six yeai-s he came to 
 America with liis pannts, and located in New Jei-sey, after which 
 he removed to Illinois, where he remained about ten yeai-s, ilience 
 to Black Hawk county. Iowa, where he resided some tive years. 
 In 71 he came to Chickasaw county and engaged in fanning. In 
 politics he figures with the Republicaft party. During the rebel- 
 lion he volunteered his services, and eidisted in company A. lo6th 
 Illinois voltinteer infantry, and was honorably discharged and 
 mustered out at Chicago, Illinois. Was united in marriage to 
 Elizabeth Black, a native of the state of New York, and their fam- 
 ily consists of four children. Cora, Clara. May and Gcoi-ge D. 
 
 Robert Wilson, fai-mer, section 2S, owns eighty-seven acres of 
 land. Is a native of Scotland, where he was born in '15, and in 'oo 
 came to America and located in Duchess county. X. Y.. and in 
 "58 removed to Bradford, Iowa, and engaged in farming: he then 
 removed to Bremer couutv. where lie remained some six veai-s. 
 when he again movcxl back to Chickasaw county. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Dutch Reform church, and was united in marriasre to 
 Mary Dobie, of Dumfries, county, Scotland, and their family con- 
 sists of six children, James (who served in the rebellion in the 
 ninth Iowa infamrv. and was wbunded at the battle of Pea Ridi^e, 
 Ark.. John D.. Robert, Mary J.. Ina and Elizabeth. 
 
 George Erenest, farmer, sections 13 and 14, owns eighty acres in 
 each seotion, all fenced. Is a native of New York state, wliere he 
 was born in ■2.5, and in '52 he came west to lo^ra, and settled in 
 Chickasaw countv, and he has since been a resident. His farm is 
 beauttfully situated, and well improved for stock and dairy pur- 
 poses. At the time of his settlement on the above place tliere was 
 no house between this place and West Union on the road, and his 
 market was McGregor, of which he relates many interesting epi- 
 sodes he nas exjierienced, in coming and going to market in those 
 days. Failing health has compelled him to adandon hard labor, 
 but he is still one of the active, representative men of this county. 
 ^^'as united in marriage to Sarah Tallman, a native of Canada. 
 
 Elmore Smith, fanner, section ten, Bradford township; was born 
 in Litchfield county, Conn., in November, "29, and in "50 he came 
 west to Iowa, and located in Bremer county, where he remained • 
 but a short time, when he came to I'.radford and engaged in tlie 
 
612 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Lumber trade. Mr. S. is by profession a practical engineer, and 
 followed that business for some time. Was united in marriage to 
 Harriet Boland, a native of New York state, and their family con- 
 sists of one son and two daughters, named, Walter D., Alice L. 
 and Laura. 
 
 L. S. McCreaiy, farmer, section 28, owns 320 acres of land, 240 
 acres of which is under cultivation. The subject of this sketch is 
 a native of Pennsylvania, where he was born in the year '32, and 
 in '55 he came west and settled in Dubuque county, Iowa, where 
 he remained one3^ear, when he returned to Pennsylvania for one 
 year. In '57 he again came west and located in Bradford, where 
 he followed his occupation, that of carpenter, in which line he 
 continued until ho engaged in farmii^g, on the above place. In 
 politics he is a Republican, and has held most of the minor offices 
 within the gift of the people, and is one of the jDrominent and pop- 
 ular men of the town. Was united in marriage to Susan Gilli- 
 land, a native of Indiana, and their family consists of two daugh- 
 ters, Rosalind and Clara E. 
 
 L. P. Hanson, farmer, section 2, owns 240 acres of land, all of 
 which is under cultivation: he has just erected (1883) a fine new 
 barn, at a cost of $1,000, the size of which is 30x65 feet, with a 
 corn c:ib addition, all of which is to be well painted, and when 
 completed will be one of the finest barns in his vicinity. ' He is a 
 native of Denmark, where he was born in '49, and in '69 lie came 
 to America and settled in Chickasaw county, where he engaged in 
 in farming, and has sipce continued in that line. Was united in 
 marriage to Susan E. Cagley, a native of Indiana, and they have 
 four children, Freddie, Maudie, Andrew and an infant. 
 
 William Layliu, farmer, section 21 , owns 220 acres of land, and 
 his farm is well fitted for stock and dairy purposes. The subject 
 of our sketch is a native of the state of Ohio, where he was born in 
 '24, and came west in '48, and located in Illinois, thence to Califor 
 nia, and in '59 to Bremer county, Iowa, Avhere he remained some 
 fourteen years' thence to Chickasaw county, where he has since 
 been engaged in farming. He is one of the directors of the Brad- 
 ford creamery, and one of the originators of the same. In politics 
 he is a republican, and has held various minor township offices. 
 
 He has been married three times, the first time to Mary Fish, by 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 613 
 
 whom he had three children, Mary J., Julia V. and Charles W. 
 His second marriage was to Eliza DePugh, and the third time he 
 was united in marriage to Catharine Chambers, of Chickasaw 
 county. 
 
 W. A. McMillan, proprietor Farmers' Home hotel and board- 
 ing house, Nashua, Iowa, restaurant in connection; also proprietor 
 of pump and windmill warehouse; was born in Canada West in 
 the year '51, and while an infant came to the United States with 
 his parents, and located in Illinois, where they remained some 
 five years, and thence to Preston, Fillmore county, Minn, thence 
 to Howard county, where he engaged in brickmaking, and after- 
 wards engaged in the pump business. He next moved to Nashua, 
 Iowa- where he engaged in the pump and windmill business. In 
 politics he is a republican. Was united in marriage to Ada A. 
 Bauder, a native of Iowa, and they have two children, Minnie A. 
 and Leanis W., and have lost two by death. 
 
 J. E. Graham, of the firm of Graham Brothers, blacksmiths, 
 Nashua, Iowa, took charge of the business May 15, '82, and makes 
 a specialty of horse shoeing and plow work. The subject of this 
 sketch was born in Fond-du-lac county, Wis., in '55, where he 
 learned the blacksmith trade, from there he went to Charles City, 
 Iowa, and eno;aged in the above line of trade as a journeyman; 
 thence to Montana, and Dakota, where he was in the employ of 
 the railroad company, after which he embarked in business for 
 himself, at Greene, Iowa, and thence to Nashua, at the time he 
 started business. Was married to Sarah Strawney, a native of 
 Iowa. 
 
 P. W. Ledyard, of the firm of Ledyard & Scott, proprietors of 
 the Nashua livery, Nashua, Iowa., keep first-class rigs always on 
 hand, and no labor spared to please the patronizing public; busi- 
 ness established in February, '78. Mr. L. was born in the state of 
 Ohio, October 8, '54, and came west in '71 and located in Winne- 
 sbeik county, Iowa, thence to Atlantic, Cass couuty, thence to 
 Butler county, and from there to Waverly, Bremer county, after 
 which he again removed to Nashua. He established a branch 
 stable at New Hampton, where he remained one and a half years, 
 Avhen he again returned to Nashua. In politics he is a staunch 
 Republican, and is also a member of the masonic fraternity. Wa 
 
614 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 married to Ettie M. Dana, of New Hampton, and they have two 
 sons, Elmer and Gilbert. 
 
 Z. T. Stocks, of the firm of Stocks & (Jo, dealers in foreign and 
 American marble and granite, Nashua, Iowa., work executed in all 
 the latest designs; established business in '81. Mr. Stocks was 
 born in Stephenson county, Illinois, in the year '49, at the age of 
 six, he came west with his parents to Chickasaw county, Iowa, 
 where he followed farming until '75, when he went to Charles 
 City to learn the marble trade, and afterward completed the busi- 
 ness in Waterloo, Iowa. In politics he is a Republican. Was 
 united in marriage to Mary A. Mitchell of Nashua, and have two 
 daughters, Carrie E. and Susan M. 
 
 J. G. Lester, jeweler, Nashua, Iowa, established business in '70; 
 was born in England in the year '47, and came to America with 
 his parents at the age of one year, and located in Woodstock, 
 Canada West, where he remained some time, thence to Michigan, 
 and from there to Columbia county, Wis., and in October, '63, he 
 came to Iowa and located in Chickasaw county. In politics he 
 figures with the democratic party. Is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. 
 fraternity, and of the Legion of Honor. Was united in marriage 
 to Adelaide Ellis, a native of Michigan, and they have five daugh- 
 ters and one son, named Maud, Belle, Richard, Mary, Blanche and 
 May. 
 
 J. G. Wright farmer, section 34, owns eighty acres of land, sixty- 
 five of which are are under cultivation. Is a native of England, 
 where he was born at Norfolk, May 20, '38, and in '51 he came to 
 America and located in Rock county, Wis., where he remained 
 some time and then removed to Iowa, and located in Floyd coun- 
 ty, thence to Chickasaw county, where he located on the above 
 place. He served in the army of the rebellion thirteen months in 
 company C, thirty-eighth Iowa volunteer infantry, and was hon- 
 orably discharged near New Orleans, La., and was mustered out 
 there. Is a member of the G. A. R., and has served as school di- 
 rector two years. Was united in marriage to Mary C. Huyler, a 
 native of Indiana, and they have seven children, George W., 
 Freddie M., Arthur, Frank, Robert, Jennie and Walter. 
 
 J. DeNoyelles, proprietor of the Central house, Nashua, Iowa, 
 is a native of Schoharie county, N. Y., and in '58 he came west to 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 615 
 
 Wisconsin, and bought land in Dane county, which he farmed for 
 eight years, then came to Iowa, and settlad at Cresco, and estab- 
 lished himself as proprietor of the De Noyelles house, which he 
 conducted for four years, he then sold out to Alex McClasky, and 
 engaged in farming for several years in Howard county, and then 
 canie to this place and purchased the hotel that he has since con- 
 ducted. The Central is the leading hotel in the city, and is the 
 oldest established, and is wall patronized, and affords all the com- 
 forts and conveniences for the traveling public. Good stables in 
 connection with the house. 
 
 E. R. Dickinson, merchant, Bradford, carries a general stock of 
 staple goods, established business in '60; was born in Massachu- 
 setts, October 6, '29,. Received his education there and remained 
 in that state until he came to Iowa, with the exception of two 
 winters which he spent in New York clerking for a Mr. George 
 Smith; In politics he is a Republican, and has been elected to 
 different positions within the gift of the people, such as county 
 supervisor, secretary of school board, etc. Is a member of the ma- 
 sonic fraternity and was united in marriage to Harriet M. Owen, a 
 native of Massachusetts, and they have two children, Clara A. and 
 William E. 
 
 Henry Walleser, proprietor wagon and blacksmith shop. Green- 
 wood, Iowa, established business in '74; was, born in Baden in 
 Germany, in '46, at the age of two years he came to America with 
 his parents, and located in Philadelphia, Pa., where he remained 
 until '55, when he removed to Clayton county, Iowa, and in '70, 
 he agained moved to Chickasaw county, and located in Nashua, 
 where he was engaged in the foundry for some time. He served 
 in the army one year and fonr months, in company E, twenty- 
 seventh Iowa volunteer infantry, and was honorably discharged 
 at Montgomery, Alabama, and mustered out there. Was united 
 in marriage to Annie F. Dickerman, a native of Clayton county, 
 and they have six children Henry, Gertie, Martha, Laura, Eliza- 
 beth and Joseph. 
 
 J. P. Parish, dealer in furniture, Nashua, Iowa, established busi 
 ness in '77; was born in Washington county, N. Y., in '23, and 
 was brought up an architect and builder, by trade. In '45 he 
 came west to Wisconsin, and located in Sheboygan, thence he 
 
616 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 moved to Appleton, where he remained some twenty-eight years. 
 He then came to Iowa and located in Chickasaw county, and four 
 years afterward he engaged in business as above, In politics he 
 is a republican, and has served as one of the city board for five 
 years. Is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. fraternity, having passed 
 up through the different official chairs in that organization, arid is 
 now one of the representative men of Nashua, and one of her most 
 successful business men. 
 
 H. T. Dexter, proprietor, "Old Reliable" meat market, Nashua, 
 Iowa, the only firs-class meat market in the city, established busi- 
 ness in '68. Mr. D. was born in Ohio, in '41, and came west to 
 Wisconsin in '53, and located in Columbia county, where he re- 
 mained some time, when he came to Iowa, and located in Dayton 
 township, Chickasaw county. In politics he figures with the re- 
 publicans, and has served as deputy sheriff of the county for four 
 years. Was united in marriage to Mary A. I^ester, a native of 
 Wisoonsin, and they have three children, named, May, Louisa and 
 Nellie. 
 
 Phil McLarnan, farmer, section 19, owns 100 acres, all under 
 cultivation, also owns seventy acres in section 32 and sixty acres 
 in section 31. The subject of this sketch was born in the state of 
 Ohio, in the year 1824, and from there he moved to Indiana, and 
 in the year '65 he came to Iowa, and located in Bradford town- 
 ship, where he has since been engaged in farming; he has raised 
 some fine Morgan horses which have commanded considerable at- 
 tention throughout his locality. In politics he is a democrat. He 
 was last married to Ann Lee, a native of England, and they have 
 three children, Martha, Harrison and Chet. And he has seven 
 children by a former wife, named Thomas, Jacob R., Felix, Effiette 
 Douglas, Susan and Howard. 
 
 Valentine Kraft, farmer, owns eighty acres, all under cultivation 
 and well improved. Is a native of Germany„where he was born in 
 '43, and came to America in '60, and located in Indiana. While 
 
 in that state he enlisted and served in the army nineteen months, 
 in company C, ninth Indiana infantry, and was honoradly dis- 
 charged at Ready ville, Tennessee. After coming out of the army 
 he moved to Ohio, where he remained until '65, when he remov- 
 
CHICKASAW (OUNTY P,I(H;Iv- A I'll lES. 6l7 
 
 fd to Iowa and located in Bradford township, and engaged in farm- 
 ing. He has served as school director. Was married to Minnie 
 Sippel, a native of Germany, and they have one son, named George 
 Henry. 
 
 John Smith, who is located on section 10; Bradford township, 
 and owns 160 acres; is a native of the state of Connecticut, where 
 he was born in Litchfield county, in 1795, and although time has 
 wrapped its mantle of eighty-eight years around him, he still re- 
 tains his usual bodily and mental vigor and witli his retentive 
 memory talcs as freely of events which occurred in the early jmrt 
 of this century as if but a few years ago. His disposition is not a 
 roaming one as will be seen by the fact of his having spent sixty 
 one years under the same roof. He was drafted in the war of 1812 
 but it being so near the closa that he was nev^r called into ser- 
 vice. He rode on the first raihoad ever built in the United 
 States, which was a line from Albany to Schenectady, N. Y.. a dis- 
 tance of sixteen miles. While in Connecticut he received the ap- 
 pointment of postmaster, which position he had held for some 
 time, and was also a captain in the Connecticut state militia, In 
 '56 he took up the line of march toward the setting sun and came 
 to the Hawkeye state, and settled in Bremer county, where he re- 
 mained some years, when he removed to Bradford where he en- 
 gaged in the lumber business, and continued in that line until he 
 came on the above place. Was united in nuirriage to Betsey 
 Chamberlain, a native of Vermont, and they have had a family of 
 thirteen children, ten of which arrived at man or wonumhood, 
 among them are three sons now over sixty years of age. 
 
 William Lay ton, farmer, section 28, owns 300 acres of land, 200 
 of which are under cultivation, and finely improved for stock and 
 dairy farming. INIr. L. makes a specialty of raising blooded cat- 
 tle and fine hoa'ses, having some as fine specimens of registered 
 cattle as can Ije iound an\'where, and his Norman horses in [>oint 
 of excellence are hard to be equaled in this section of the country; 
 he now (1883) has som3 eighteen head of these horses, among 
 which is a mare weighing 1,700 pounds, a beautiful black, and a 
 
 perfect model of a horse in every way. Mr. L. is a native of York 
 
 shire, England, where he was born, December 30, '27, and in '52 
 
 he came to America, and located in Steuben county, N. Y., where 
 
61<S CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 he remained some three years, when he moved to Marengo, 111., 
 where he remained one year, and in the spring of '56 he came to 
 Bradford, where he engaged in mason work in company with his 
 brother, and in about '59 located on the above farm, where he has 
 since resided. Was united in marriage to Elizabeth Perkins, a na- 
 tive of Indiana, and they have four children, A. Thelbert,Willard, 
 May and Minnie. 
 
 R. H. Layton, farmer, section 21, owns 356 acrfes of land. Is a 
 native of Yorkshire, England, where he was born in '29, and in '52 
 he came to America, and located in New York, where he remained 
 some six months, thence to Chicago, 111., and from there to Rock- 
 ford, same state, where he remained for a period of twelve months 
 when he moved to Dubuque. Iowa, where he was employed some 
 eight months, when he went to Independence. In '54 he volun- 
 teered to goto Clear Lake, which was then on the frontier, and as- 
 sist in driving the Indians backj who had been committing some 
 depredations, and after remaining there for some time he returned 
 to Dubuque, and then to McHenry county, 111., where he worked 
 at his trade, that of stone mason. His next move was to Bradford 
 this state, where he remained some three years, and again took up 
 the line of march westward, and went to Pike':^ Peak, Col., and 
 California, where he remained about seven years. While in Cali- 
 fornia he enlisted in company — first California volunteer infan- 
 try, under General Wright, and Captain Lyman. While in the 
 service he was appointed corporal, and afterwards promoted to 
 second sergeant, and was honorably discharged at the expiration 
 of his term of enlistment. After his discharge he again came back 
 to Chickasaw county, where he followed his trade, after woicli he 
 located on the above farm. In politics he figures with the repub- 
 lican party, and has filled minor offices, such as school director, 
 etc. Was united in marriage to Mary M. Gilliland, a native of In- 
 diana, and they have three daughters and one son,Leonard, Ethel 
 R., Celia and Jessie. 
 
 John Snouse, merchant tailor, Nashua, business established De- 
 cember 12, '69. He is a native of the state of Ohio, where he was 
 born in '43. Received his early education there, and also learned 
 his trade there. In '()Q he came west and located in Dubuque, 
 this state, where he remained until engaging in business as above. 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 617 
 
 He served in the army two and a half years, in company G, forty- 
 fourth Ohio volunteer infantry. While in Kentucky he received a 
 severe wound, which is still, after twenty years, a continual source 
 of annoyance, and at times almost disables him from active pur- 
 suits. He was, owing to that wound, off duty for some time, and 
 was honorably discharged and mustered out at Louisville, Ky., 
 and is now a member of the G. A. R. In politics he figures with 
 the republican party, and is at the present time (1883) a member 
 of the city council at Nashua. Is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. fra- 
 ternity and has passed up through the different official chairs in 
 that institution. Was united in marriage to Christena C. Hoover, 
 a native of Ohio, and they have three sons, William, Walter and 
 Harry. 
 
 Frank Badger, section 12, Bradford township, owns eighty 
 acres of land, all under a fine state of cultivation, and is a mem- 
 ber of the Bradford creamery association; is a native of the state of 
 New York, where he was born in 1842, and received his early edu^ 
 cation there. As westward the course of empire takes its way, ac- 
 cordingly in '67, he took up the line of march, and located in Illi- 
 nois, where he remained one year, and again removed to Black 
 Hawk county Iowa. In 1869 he removed to Chickasaw county and 
 made a permanant location in the above named place. He served 
 in tne army 3 years and 9 months, in the 11 th N. Y. independent 
 battery, and was honorably discharged and mustered out at Albany. 
 In politics he is a staunch republican, aid has at difterent times 
 been elected school director, and, is now (1883) township assessor. 
 He was united in marriage with Jennie Harned, a native of Penn- 
 sylvania, and their family consists of two children, a son and a 
 daughter named, Nellie L. and Willie W. 
 
 S. S. Sample, dealer in staple and fancy groceries, cigars, tobacco, 
 etc; was born in Jacksonville, Morgan county, Illinois, in 1831; 
 when quite young he came with his parents to Iowa, and located 
 in Lee county, where he received his early schooling; at the age of 
 seventeen he started out for himself, and traveled through Mis- 
 souri. In December, 1854, he came to Bradford, Chickasaw county, 
 
 where he remained about one year, when he again returned to his 
 
 home in Lee county. He next spent some time in Missouri, when 
 
 he again came back to Chickasaw county, there he engaged in the 
 
618 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 mercantile business. He served in the army three years, in com- 
 pany G, twenty-seventh Iowa vohinteer infantry and enHsted at 
 Nashua, Iowa, in '62, and honorably discharged, and mustered out, 
 at Clinton, Iowa August, '65. During his period of soldiery he 
 passed up through the regular gradations of office, and was finally, 
 at the time of his discharge, second lieutenant. In politics he 
 is a democrat, and is now (1883) a member of the G. A. R., and 
 acts in the official capacity of junior vice commander. Was united 
 in marriage to E. A. Harris, a native of Iowa, and have one son 
 C. W. who is now employed in a wholesale and retail grocery 
 house in St. Paul, Minn. They also have an adopted daughter, 
 Nellie. 
 
 R. S. McKee, farmer, section 16, owns 161 acres all fenced and 
 well improved for dairy purposes. The subject of this sketch is a 
 native of the old Empire state, where he was born in '46, and at 
 the age of seven he came west with his parents to Wisconsin, and 
 located in Jefferson county, where he remained until the spring of 
 '65, when he came to Iowa, and located in Chickasaw county on 
 his present location, and engaged in farming. He was one of the 
 originators of the Bradford creamery, and is now, (1883) one of 
 the directors of the same. On his farm, which is beautifully sit- 
 uated on the east bank of the Cedar river, stands two of the oldest 
 buildings in the county. One was the first school house ever 
 built in the county, and now kept in good repair, and used as a 
 kitchen. The other building was formerly occupied by an Indian 
 trader, and is now in good repair, and is used as one of Mr. M.'s 
 numerois farm buildings. In politics he has taken an active part 
 and is a staunch democrat. He has held different town offices, 
 such as member of the town board and school director. Is a mem- 
 ber of the masonic fraternity, and was united in marriage to Alma 
 McKenzie, a native of Milford, Wis., and they have one daughter, 
 Eltta M. 
 
 C. D. Johnson, farmer, section 16, where he owns sixty-eight 
 acres, he also owns fifty -six acres on section 17, 480 acres on sec- 
 tion 23, including some four hundred acres of timber land. His 
 farm is finely fitted for stock raising, he having a heard of some 
 sixty head of cattle, among which are some registered short-horns 
 and Durhams, which he raises for sale, for the improvement of 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 619^ 
 
 stock. Mr. J. is a native of Massachusetts, where he was born in 
 Hampshire county, April 4, '28. At the age of eleven he came to 
 Ohio with his parents, where he remained until '56, when he came 
 to Iowa, and located on the above place, where he has resided con- 
 tinuously ever since, with the exception of two years which he 
 spent Cedar Falls, in order to give his children better educational 
 facilities, of which cause Mr. J. is a great believer and promoter. 
 Is a member of the Bradford creamery company, and served for a 
 time as president of the same. In politics he is a republican and 
 has filled the various township offices within the gift of the peo- 
 ple. Was united in marriage to Susan W. Dickenson, a native of 
 Massachusetts, and they have a family of two sons, Charles L. and 
 Loyal K. 
 
 Joseph F. Grawe, postmaster at Nashua, and editor and propri- 
 etor of the Nashua Post (republican); was born in Prussia, in '43, 
 and when five years old came with his parents to the United States. 
 Their first settlement was in Stephenson county, 111., near Freeport-. 
 He enlisted in '60, in company G, ninety-third Illinois infantry, 
 and served till the close of the war; he was shot in the right side 
 at Altoona, Ga., and was also captured and taken prisoner* Was 
 again captured at HoUon Springs, Miss. ; twice experiencing the 
 Horrors of southern prison life. In '67 he came to Nashua, and 
 was engaged at school teaching until the fall of '69, when he was 
 nominated by the republicans as superintendent of schools, and 
 was elected with the remainder of the ticket,and served five years. 
 In '73 he resigned, having purchased the Nashua Post, which pa- 
 per he still edits and owns, and has a circulation of 1.100 copies, 
 is republican in politics, and is the only paper published in the 
 town. The office is in the Greeley block, and is well fitted as a 
 news and job office, has just put in a new Campbell power press, 
 and all the necessary material for a first-class office; he employs 
 four compositors. Mr. G. received his commission as postmaster 
 on April 29, '79, succeeding I. A. Rutherford. It is a third-class 
 office, and besides being a regular money order office, it is the only 
 international money order office in the county. Mr. G. was mar- 
 ried on the 3d of June, '73, to Blanche A. Waite, and they have 
 five children. 
 
 E. W. Owen, farmer, section 12, Bradford township, owns 280 
 
620 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 acres, all fenced and well improved. He is a native of Ohio, where 
 he was born in March, 1837. In '42 he came west and located in 
 Walworth county, ^yisconsin, and in '66 he removed to Iowa' and 
 located in Chickasaw county, where he has since been engaged in 
 in farming. At the last election of officers he was elected president 
 of the Bradford creamery, and is now (June, 1883,) the present 
 incumbent. In politics he figures with the republican party, and 
 has held the position of township treasurer of school funds. Is a 
 member of the masonic fraternity. Was united in marriage to 
 Alvina Bartholmew, a native of Ohio, and they have four children 
 named, Isabell M. Bennett S. Gideon S. and Albert E. 
 
 Rev. Chapman A. Marshall, pastor of the congregational church 
 at Nashua, and state senator of this district, was born in Dublin, 
 Ireland, in 1838, and is a son of General Marshall of the English 
 army, stationed at that time at Dublin. He came to America, and 
 in '57 located in Cresco, Howard county, Iowa, and entered the 
 mercantile business, opening the first store in Cresco, and he re- 
 mained in that business five years, when he sold out and came to 
 Chickasaw county, settling at New Hampton, on a call from the 
 Congregational church of that place, as pastor, in which capacity 
 he ofliciated four years, then being called to the church at this 
 place, where he has since filled the pulpit of the Congregational 
 church. He was educated in Plymouth, England, and entered 
 the ministry in Howard county, this state, in 70. In the fall of 
 '81 he was elected to the state senate for Bremer,- Chickasaw and 
 Howard counties, for the term of four years, on the republican 
 ticket. He is a deservedly popular man among all classes, espec- 
 ially the farmer, owning a large amount of land which he operates 
 himself, among his property is a magnificent farm of 200 acres, 
 near Cresco, which is thoroughly improved and well stocked. He 
 owns other fine property in Howard and Chickasaw counties, and 
 a fine residence property here. Was married in '60, at Plymouth, 
 England, to Eliza Greinwell, and they have seven children all born 
 in this state. 
 
 G. W. Butterfield, one of the most prominent citizens of the 
 flourishing sown of Nashua, was born near Brattleboro, Vt., in the 
 
 year 1810. His parents moved in his childood to Herkimer 
 
 county, N. Y., where he received his education, and served his 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 621 
 
 apprenticeship as minwright,which business he followed there un- 
 til '58; he then came to this state and located in this township, 
 where he followed his trade. Was justice of the peace in that 
 early day, and also served on the board of supervisors several 
 years, and in 70 was elected tc the state legislature, in the thir- 
 teenth general assembly, and he has always been identified with 
 the republican party. He still resides where he first settled, in 
 what is called Greenwood, which is now a precinct of Nashua, and 
 is one mile from that city. In '65, in partnership with his son, G. 
 T. Butterfield, he established the present firm of G. T. Butterfield 
 & Co.. his son carrying on the business of general merchandise, 
 and they have a fine business. Was united in marriage to Miss 
 M. F. Campbell, of N. Y., in '52, and they have two sons, G. T. 
 and H. L. Mr. B. Also owns a fine farm of 150 acres, all under 
 cultivation, and well improved, situated four miles northeast of 
 Nashua, which he rents. 
 
 B. A. Billings, of the firm of Fairbain & Billings, attorney at 
 law, Nashua, Iowa, was born in December, '44, in St. Lawrence 
 county, N. Y., and in '54 his parents moved to Winnebago county 
 111., and in the following fall they came to Iowa, and located at 
 Bradford, the then county seat of Chickasaw county, and entered 
 eighty acres of land near there from the government. Mr. B. re- 
 ceived his education at the Bradford seminary, and the Iowa col- 
 lege at Grinnelle. ^ In the spring of '64 he enlisted in company 
 B, Iowa volunteer infantry, under Colonel Henderson, and after 
 serving one hundred days, was honorably discharged, and return- 
 ed to Bradford. He commenced the study of law at Bradford, 
 with A. G. Case, now of Charles City, and after spending a year in 
 Colorada, resumed the study under S. P. Leland, and was admit- 
 ted to the bar in the fall of '72, at New Hampton, under Judge 
 McGathery, and commenced practicing at this place in partner- 
 ship with J. W. Kellog. The present partnership has existed 
 since 76. Othcein Greeley's block. 
 
 Bradford township Creamery association, established 1888 and 
 commenced operation on May 11 th, of the same year. It furnishes 
 permanent employment for fifteen men, and eleven teams, which 
 
 is a commendable enterprize for the originators thereof. Tne size 
 
 of the building is 24x50, two stories high; they have two 300 gallon 
 
622 
 
 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 churns in use, which is operated by a six harse power engine. As 
 an illustration of the business transacted, we will say that on the 
 16 th day of June, '83,1,600 gallons of cream was received; and 
 the average shipments of butter for this month is 7,500 pounds 
 per week, or over 30,000 pounds for the month. The officers are as 
 follows: president, E. W. Owen; treasnrer, Frank Badger; secre- 
 tary, M. J. Heald; directors, R. S. McKee, William Laylin, L. 
 €. Smith, John Heald and Robert Wright. 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 623 
 
 RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Daniel Schnurr, section 1, P. 0. New Hampton, owns 141 acres 
 of land, valued at S25 per acre; was born at Baden Germany, Jan- 
 uary 15, '33, and came to America in '54, first locating in St. Louis, 
 Mo. In '55 he went to New Orleans, and was employed on a 
 steamboat on the lower Mississippi river, but in the fall he return- 
 ed to St. Louis. In '56 he was in Illinois, working on a railroad, 
 and the same year returned to St. Louis and followed gardening in 
 the suburbs of that city. In the fall of that year he came to 
 Davenport, Iowa, and in '72 he came to Chickasaw county, and 
 permanently located in this township. Was married in '66 to 
 Catharina Bald, who was born in Scott county, Iowa, June 10, '50, 
 and they have six children, Carl, Wilhelmina, Daniel, Rosa, Jo- 
 hann and Josephena. The entire family are members of the Ro. 
 man Catholic church. 
 
 Hiram Bailey, farmer, section, 16, P. 0. Williamstown, owns 
 480 acres of land, valued at S25 per acre; was born in Huron Co., 
 
624 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Ohio, July 12, '24, and at the age of three years he moved with his 
 parents to Berlin, Erie county, Ohio, and in '56 came to Chicka- 
 saw county, and permanently located in this township. Was mar 
 ried December 9, '52, to Martha A. Ogden, a native of Greenspring, 
 Ohio, who was born January 28, 1828, and they have four child- 
 ren, Fred Douglas, Rush 0., Roy T. and Ben L. Mr. and Mrs. B. 
 are members of the Baptist church. Mr. B. works his home farm 
 himself, and his business is principally stock raising, keeping on 
 his place about 150 head of cattle, natives and Durhams. He has 
 represented Howard, Chickasaw and Bremer counties (which at 
 that time formed the forty-fourth senatorial district)at Des Moines 
 from '74 to '78, in the state senate, and has been a member of the 
 state board of agriculture for four years, was for six years a mem- 
 ber of the county board of supervisors; ten years superintendent 
 of Sunday school ; two years president of the county Sunday 
 school association, and president of the Chickasaw county agricul- 
 tural society, for three years. He entered 200 acres of his land the 
 government, when he first settled. 
 
 Richard P. Pierce, section 15, P. 0. Williamstown, owns 440 
 acres of land, valued at S20 per acre; was born in England, in '14, 
 and came to America in '41, and first located in Jackson county, 
 Michigan. In '48 he removed to Jefferson county, Wisconsin, and 
 in '67, came to Chickasaw county,and permanantly located in this 
 township. Was married to Grace Uglow, in "37, who was born in 
 England, in '16. They have six children, John P., Margery, Elisa- 
 beth, Richard U., Edwin A. and Frank M. Mr.and Mrs. Pierce are 
 members of the M. E. church. Mr. P. has been quite prominent 
 in politics: while he resided in Wisconsin he was a member of the 
 board of supervisors for nine years and justice of the peace ten 
 years. Since his residence in this county, he has held the offices 
 of justice of the peace, and township trustee. Mr. P. has a very 
 fine herd of Devonshire cattle, the only herd of the kind in the 
 county 
 
 A. Hart, farmer, section 31, P. 0. Ionia; was born in Massachu- 
 setts, October 22, 1817, and came west in '40, and located in Jef- 
 ferson county, Wis. In '65 he came to Chickasaw county, where 
 he has since resided. Besides being a farmer Mr. H. was for a 
 number of years a teacher in the high schools of the county. Was 
 man-ied to L. Rebecca, in '56, and they have five children, A. C, 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 62o 
 
 whose age is thirty -seven years; Lauretta, age thirty-four; W. A. 
 age thirty-two; J. F,, age twenty-five, and Lilhan, age ninet'^en. 
 
 Frederick L. Hall, section 21, P. O. Nashua, owns 200 acres ot 
 land, valued at $25 per acre; was born in Duchess county, N. ^'. in 
 1827, and came out west in '55, locating in Chickasaw eoiinly' in 
 this township. Was married in 1858, to Harriett E. INIooro. whd 
 was born in Tioga, N. Y. in 1838, and they have' three children, 
 John Jay, Amos M. and Mary Emily. Mr. and Mrs. H. are 
 members of the M. E, church. Mr. H. is prominent as a politician; 
 in this county, and has held the office of prosecuting attorney two 
 years, 1856 and '57, he was elected one of the first justices of the 
 peace, when the township was organized, he has also been trustee, 
 etc. His business is principaly stock raising, and he keeps on 
 his place about 50 head of natives and Devon grades of cattle. 
 
 Julius J. Simmons, section 22, P. 0. Nashua, owns 200 acres 
 of land' valued at $30 per acre; was born in Montrose. Susquehanna 
 county, Pa. Feb. 11, 1839, and cama Avest to Aurora, Ills. In '65 
 he came to Chickasaw county and permantly located in this town- 
 ship; was married December 26 1859, to Mary I. Cooper, who was 
 born in Oneida, N. Y. July 3 1859. Mrs. S. is a member of the 
 M. E. church. They have 5 children: Nellie A., Willard J. 
 Nathan L., Samuel H., Harry and Gracie Maud. Mr. S. has a 
 fine stock farm, on which he keeps some very fine stock: pedigreed 
 short horns, durhams, and also full blooded Berkshire hogs etc.. 
 his herd of cattle numbers about 50 head. Mr. S. has been quite 
 prominent in county politics, has held office of county supervisor, 
 trustee etc. 
 
 Henry H. Bailey, farmer, section 13, P. 0. Willianistown, ownt 
 550 acres of land, valued at $18 per acre; was born in Ohio, Sep- 
 tember 26, '37, and came west in INIarch, '55, and located in Chick- 
 asaw county, and made it his permanent home. Was married to 
 Sarah P. Birdsall, who was born in New York, September 9, '52. 
 and they have three children, Nellie Blanche, Louis P. Susie Ann. 
 Mt. B. enlisted Sept 26, '61, in the seventh Ohio infantry, com- 
 pany E, and served with his regiment until the close of the war,. 
 Mr. B. is an extensive farmer, and is also the merchant and post- 
 master of William stown. 
 
 Reuben Fairbank, section 35, Avas born at Rouse's Point, N. Y., 
 
626 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 in 1780, and in the same year moved with his parents to Canada, 
 and in '37 he came to the United States, and located in Illinois. 
 In '57 he came to Chickasaw county, and located in this township. 
 He died in '70. He married Lydia Shelden, of Canada, who was 
 born in 1801, and they had two children, John and Eliza. John 
 Fairbank, section 35, P. 0. Nashua, owns eighty acres of land, 
 valued at $25 per acre; was born in Lower Canada, in '36, and 
 came to the United States with his parents the following year, and 
 located in Illinois, and in '57 came to Chickasaw county, and set- 
 tled in this township, where he has held the position of trustee 
 ever since his residence here. 
 
 John S. Carter, section 4, owns 110 acres of land; was born in 
 Luzerne county. Pa.. March, '32, and came west in '55, and located 
 in Wisconsin, but in '57 removed to Ray county. Mo., and in '59^ 
 went to C'alifornia. and in '62 to British Columbia, Oregon and 
 Idaho. From thence in '69, he came to Chickasaw county, and 
 located in this township. Was married in '72 to Sarah Jane Mar- 
 vin, and the)' have five children, Lenna, Victoria, May Belle and 
 A verm Maud. 
 
 W. W. Orr. section 4, owns 245 acres of land, was born in Scot- 
 land, in 1850, and came to America with his parents in '53, and 
 first located in Wisconsin, but in '64 came to Chickasaw county,, 
 in '69 he went to Missouri, and returned to this county in ,70. 
 Was married in '81 to Lillian L. Hart, and they have one child, 
 John H. 
 
 Charles S. Putney, section 24, owns 200 acres of land; was born 
 in Livingston county, iV. Y., in '35, and came west with his pa- 
 rents in '47, and located in Wisconsin, and in '68 came to this 
 county, and located in this township. Was married to Mary A. 
 Granger, and they have two children, Charles W. and Bertie Grant. 
 
 Hiram J. Weed, section 2, owns eighty acres of land; was born 
 In K]rie county, Ohio, in '50, and came west in '71 to Chickasaw 
 county, and located in this township. Mr. W. has a fine farm 
 which he cultivates for vegatables and cereals, and also raises 
 some fine stock. 
 
 M. Massee, section 33, P. 0. Nashua, owns 320 acres of land, 
 valued at $15 per acre; was born in Oneida county, N. Y. in 1835, 
 and came west with his parents, to Aurora, Kane county, Illinois. 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 627 
 
 In '56 came to Chickasaw county, and permanently located in^thia 
 township. Was married in 1856, to Harriett Shelden, of Oneida 
 county, New York. They have two children Anna and Seymore. 
 Mr. M. purchased his land in a wild state, and improved it him- 
 self, he has followed dairy and stock farming during 11 years of 
 his residence in this township, also milks 46 cows. He keeps on 
 his farm about 80 head of cattle and is improving his stock with 
 fine short horn Durhams, and has his entire farm under 
 cultivation. 
 
 Nathaniel B. Ager, section 12, P. 0. Williamstown, owns 100 
 acres of land, valued at $30 per acre; was born in Merrimack 
 county, New Hampshire, in 1827, and came west in June, '61, to 
 Chickasaw county, and permanenly located in this township. 
 Was married to Ellen J. Johnson, who was born in Rockingham 
 Vermont in 1830. Mr. B. has a fine farm which he manages him- 
 self. 
 
628 CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Charles S. Cotant was born in Ulster county, N. Y., in '27, his | 
 
 family removing a few years subsequent to Huron county, Ohio, ' 
 
 where they remained about twenty-six years. In the spring «f 1 
 
 '58 they came to New Hampton, engaging in farming about four ] 
 
 miles from the village. In '62 the subject of this sketch engaged \ 
 in Blacksmithing in New Hampton, in which business he still 
 
 continues. In '54 he was married to Lyvah S. Taylor, of Ohio, i 
 
 and they have four children, Beulah, Byron, Lydia and Agnes. : 
 His venerable parents, Mr. and Mrs. Zephaniah Cotant, reside 
 
 with him. i 
 
 M. J. Clary, Jr., farmer, was born in New Haven., Conn., in '52, 
 and is the oldest son of Michael and Anna Clary. When he was 
 
 very young his parents removed to Providence, R. I., and lived J 
 there two years, then went to Buffalo, N. Y., wHere they stayed 
 
 three years; in '58 they removed to Wisconsin where they remain- i 
 
 ed thirteen years; in '70 they came to Iowa and located in this ; 
 county. Mr. C. was elected justice of the peace in 188o, and liolds 
 
 the office at present. ' j 
 
CHICKASAW COUNTY BIOGRAPHIES. 629 
 
 Mrs. p. J. Kennedy, was born in Stuben county, New York, 
 in 1843, and is the only daughter of John' and Martha A. Streator. 
 
 She came to Iowa when but eleven years old, and has made it her 
 residence ever since. 
 
 Michael Clarey Sr., section 33, Stapleton township, P. 0. Lawler 
 
 owns 120 acres of land, was born in Ireland in 1812, and came to 
 America in 1847. He settled in Canada, but after a residence of 
 one year he removed to the U. S. and settled in Connecticut. 
 Was married in '37, to Anna Sullivan, a native of Ireland, and 
 have five children Anna E., Michael J., Edward .J., Timothy C. 
 and Elizabeth. 
 
^11 '111 1 -l'*^ '"■'■'^P'''''**''- ■^^f'fi*^ '^^ * ^^ 
 
 r)f jnftt what is rfqnirftrl hy the r ikV — » 
 
 LIAL ■ , , ■ ^ '- 
 
 riliriiin.^llLWUlFQ'HT.niL 
 
 It ownR and operates ove-.r i,fA^) mtles ot' r*.»«l tn iv>rth*',rn HV 
 inois, Wiscrmsin, Minnesota, fr.wa an'l Dakota; anrl a« its inSKin- 
 Hn^, br*^ ■' ' ' ''■-' "^■'"'l r-xttiTi'^"'^''^'' " reach -^'^ '" '■ '•■■•■•-f-f m^-i.-.o-jo ..-,,f,:,Tj 
 of the; and F>i t, it na , 
 
 turn of Short fine, Atui best route betvreen 
 
 €hwiago, Milwaukee, 8t. Paul and ,Vfinneap<-'i8. 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee, T^Crosse and Winona. 
 
 Chicago, >filwaukee, Aberdeen an<l Rn*^Tifl^,< 
 
 ChieagO, Milwaukee, Kau Claire an<. '^ater. 
 
 Chicago^ Milwaukee, Wausaia anrl M 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee, Beaver Dam and Oshkosh. 
 
 Chio^o, Milwaukee, Wauke«ha aivl Oconomowoc. 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee, Ma^lison and Frairie du Chipn. 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukae, Owatonna and Fairbault 
 
 Chica^, Beloit, Jactesville and Mineral Pnint. 
 
 Chica)^, Elgin,- Rock ford ami Dnhnrmr' 
 
 Chica^, Clinton, Rock Island an*. • Riini.ls 
 
 Chicago, Council Rluffe ami Omaha. 
 
 Chicago, Sioux City, Sioux ffallw ami yankti)n. 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee, Mitchell and Chainberlitt, 
 
 Rock fdand, Dubuque, St. Raulan<l Minneaonltw 
 
 Davenport, Calmar, St. Raul and Minneapolit*. 
 
 Pullman Sleepers and '^^■"^ ''.-.^.-.f rn..;,,.r r.^.o ",, r;.^ ,, ,»-i,f !,•-> 
 rin on *he main line of the . , 
 
 ./, and every attention i« pai< I 14 ) patwengers hy 
 courteous employes of the company. 
 
 ft. a MERR A. 
 
 General Manager. 
 XT. CLARK, G\Hj. 
 
 Gen. Supt. Am'.i '.en. .'.iss • .' 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 HISTORY OF IOWA. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 History of Iowa 9 
 
 History of Chickasaw County • • • • 119 
 
 Bradford Township 191 
 
 New Haini)ton Township . .- 205 
 
 Frederickshurg Township 245 
 
 Stapleton Township 256 
 
 Chickasaw Township 272 
 
 Dayton Township 278 
 
 Washington Township 280 
 
 Richland Township 281 
 
 Deerfiehi Township '. 283 
 
 Jacksonville Township 286 
 
 Utica Township 288 
 
 Dresden Township 289 
 
 War Record 295 
 
 Chronology 316 
 
 History of Howard County 327 
 
 Vernon Springs Township 421 
 
 Forest City Township 444 
 
 Saratoga Township 453 
 
 Paris Township 454 
 
 Afton Township 454 
 
 Howard Township 455 
 
 Jamestown Township • 455 
 
 Howard Center Townthip 458 
 
 Albion Township 461 
 
 New Oregon Township . . 463 
 
 Chester Township 469 
 
 Oakdale Township 469 
 
 War Record 473 
 
 Chronology 492 
 
 Biographical Sketches *^07 
 
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