'-mm&^msi^mmmmsm»m»^mmi*^: 5?W^ 1 =»y . ENTINABOUW!BR\ZlbCHILE(jOlJ0MBlA INTERNATIONAL UNION OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS WASHINGTON JULY, NINETEEN HUNDRED AND TEN < CO s g I PANAMANKWCVAMEXKQHCMJVRAS! Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2010 witii funding from Tine Library of Congress littp://www.arcliive.org/details/reportofdirectorOOinte East or Front Faqade of the New Building oi- the International Bureau of American Republics, Washington, D. C., U. S. A. THE INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS THE REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR to THE FOURTH PAN-AMERICAN CONFER- ENCE HELD AT BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINE RE- PUBLIC :: JULY, 1910 WASHINGTON, D. C, U. S. A. JULY, 1910 GENERAL INDEX. (In order of arrangement.) MAIN REPORT. P.\Gi; 1. Introduction 9' 2. Facts showing the Bureau's growth 10 3. Practical work and useful activities of the Bureau 13 4. The organization of the Bureau 19' 5. The Monthly Bulletin 25 6. Other useful publications of the Bureau 29' 7. Foreign commerce of Latin America 35 8. The Panama Canal and Pan-American Commerce 41 9. Improved steamship and mail facilities 43 10. The new building of the International Bureau 46 11. The Bureau and Government Exhibitions 53 12. Judgment passed upon the Bureau 54 13. Ratification of conventions 61 14. The Bureau and the resolutions of the Third Conference.. 62 15. Recommendations regardinc. the Conference program. 67' 16. Central American, Sanitary, and Scientific Conferences.... 72 17. The Columbus Memorial Library 7Z 18. Historical sketch of the Bureau 76' 19. Conclusion 83' APPENDIX. 1. The Governing Board ■ 89 2. Program of the Conference 90 3. Budget of Bitreau for 1910-11 92 4. Quotas of each Republic 93 5. Pan-American Commerce 94 6. Correspondence regarding Mr. Carnegie's gift 95 7. Proposed unofficial draft of Convention 98' 8. Addresses at dedication of nev^ building 100' 9. List of Publications of Bureau.,... 114; B:^ Transfer' APR 3 1918 SPECIFIC INDEX. Page Accounts 23-51-92-93 Activities and Work of the Bureau 13 Adams, Herbert, sculptor 51 Addresses, dedicatory 100 Addresses before Commercial Organizations 18 Aitkin, Robert, sculptor 51 Appendix 87 Argentine Republic, foreign trade of 39 Bacon, co-operation of assistant secretary 11 Bank, Pan-American 19 Beach, Chester, sculptor 51 Berrall, James, superintendent of construction 49 Bibliographies 30 Bolivia, foreign trade of 41 BORGLUM, GuTZON AND SoLON, SCULPTORS 51 Brazil, foreign trade of 39 Budget 1910-11 92 Building, official correspondence regarding 95 Building of the International Bureau, the new 46, 47, 49, 50 Bulletin, the Monthly 14, 25, 26, 27, 114 Bureau, action of Second and Third Conferences 80 Bureau, activities and work of 13 Bureau as a distributing agency 34 Bureau, expenses of 92 Bureau, financial support of 80, 93 Bureau, historical sketch of the 76 Bureau, judgment passed upon the 54, 55, 57, 58 Bureau, made international 79 Bureau, need of convention 21 Bureau, organization of 19 Bureau, proposed convention for 98 Bureau, receipts of 92, 93 Bureau, recommendations of first committee 11 Bureau's growth, facts showing 10 Bureau's growth, increase of work, etc 11 Bureau, the Directors of 82 Carnegie, Mr. Andrew, address at dedication 109 Carnegie, Mr. Andrew, correspondence of 95 Carnegie, Mr. Andrew, gift of 47, 95 Cartographies 30 Chambers of Commerce 17 Charpentier, the sculptor 51 Chile, foreign trade of 39 Colombia, foreign trade of 41 Columbus Memorial Library IZ Commerce, Pan-American 35, 40, 94 Commercial Directories 3) Commercial Nomenclature 33 Commercial Statistics 69, 94 Conference, Program of the Fourth €J, 90 Conference, the Bureau and^ the resolutions^op the Third 62 Conferences, Central American, Sanitary, -and Scientific 17, 72 Constitutions, the American ..e;. 30 Consular invoices 69 Convention for Bureau proposed 21, 98 Conventions, ratification of 61 Copyrights 71 specific Judex. Page Corner stone laying, of building 49 Correspondence of the Bureau, large 13, 14 Costa Rica, foreign trade of 41 Cret, Paul P., and Albert Kelsey, architects of building 49 Cuba, foreign trade of 41 Dedicatory addresses 100 Dedicatory exercises of building 50 DiRKCTOK, biographical SKETCH OF THE 82 Director, books and pamphlets of the 34 Director, change of title 21 Directories, commercial 31 Directors, biographical sketches of 82 Directors of the Bureau 82 Dominican Republic, foreign trade of 41 Ecuador, foreign trade of 41 Europe, competition of 38 EvANs«, Rudulph, sculptor 51 Exhibitions, the Bureau and Government 17,54 Expenses of the Bureau 23, 80, 92 Exports and imports of U. S 41 Farnham, Sally James, sculptor 51 Foreign Commerce of Latin America 35, 94 Foreign Office, special representation for Bureau in 25 Free distribution, publications for 117 Furber, W. C, consulting engineer 49 Governing Board 89 Governing Board, rules left to 21 Growth, facts of Bureau's 10, 11 Guatemala, foreign trade of 41 Haiti, foreign trade of 41 Handbook, the best form of 29 Handbooks, list of 115 Historical sketch of the Bureau 76 Honduras, foreign trade of 41 Hornbostle, Henry, judge of plans 49 Immigration laws 33 Improved steamship and mail facilities 43 Interchange of professors and students 71 Introduction 9 Kelsey, Albert, and Paul P. Cret, architects of building 49 Knox, Secretary, address at dedication SO, 101 Knox, Secretary, co-operation of 11, 84 Konti, Isidore, sculptor 51 Land Laws 33 Latin-American commerce, exports and imports 35, 94 Latin-American commerce, impressive facts regarding 35 Latin-American commerce, increase of 94 Latin- American commerce, statistics of 94 Latin-American commerce, with the United States 37, 94 Latin-American commerce, with the United States 37, 94 Lord, Austin W., judge of plans 49 Mail facilities 43, 46 Maps, list of 112 McKim, Charles F., judge of plans 49 Mexican Ambassador, address at dedication 107 Mexico, foreign trade of 41 SpcciHc Index. Page Mining laws 33 Monographs on each country 30 Monthly Bulletin, features of 14, 25 Monthly Bulletin, the 14, 25, 114 NabucOj letter of 55 Name, new and briefer, desirable for Bureau 21, 98 Nicaragua, foreign trade of 41 Nomenclature, code of commercial 33 Organization and status of the Bureau 19 Panama Canal 41, 42, 43 Panama, foreign trade of 41 Pan-American commerce, statistics of 35, 94 Pan-American Railway 69 Pan-American Union, as a new name 21, 98 Paraguay, foreign trade of 41 Patent laws ZZ Patents 71 Peru, foreign trade of 41 Portuguese, study of 18 President Taft, address at dedication Ill President Taft, recommendation to Congress 55 Professors and Students, interchange of 71 Program of the Fourth Conference 90 Program, recommendations regarding the Conference 67 Publications of the Bureau, other useful 15, 29 Publications, list of 114 Quarantine 70 Quotas 23, 81, 93 Rank of Director and Secretary 22, 23, 98 Ratifications of Conventions 61 Receipts of Bureau 92, 93 Representation of Bureau at Conference 10 Resolutions of the Third Conference, the Bureau and the 62 Roosevelt, corner stone laying by President 49 RooT^ Elihu, address of, at dedication 105 Root, Elihu, co-operation of 11, 22, 47, 51 Root, Elihu, and new building 46, 51, 95 Salvador, foreign trade of 41 Sanitary Police 70 Secretary of Bureau, change of title. 22, 23 Spanish, study of 18 Steamship facilities 17, 43, 46 Taft, President, address at dedication Ill Taft, President, recommendation to Congress 55 Tariff schedules, translations of 31 Third Conference, the Bureau and the resolutions of the 62 Trade-marks 71 Travel 17 Union, Pan-American 21, 22, 98 United States, foreign trade of 37, 38, 41 Uruguay, foreign trade of 41 Venezuela, foreign trade of 41 Whitney', Gertrude Vanderbilt, sculptor 51 Wilson, Hon. Huntington, co-operation of 11, 84 Yanes, Mr. F. J., representative of Bureau 10, 83, 84 REPORT OF JOHN BARRETT, THE DIRECTOR OF THE INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF THE AMERI- CAN REPUBLICS=^= ^__ Submitted, in accordance with Article IV of the Program, to the Fourth International Conference of American States Convened at Buenos Aires, July 12, 1910. The President and Members of the Fourth International Conference of American States: Gentlemen : I have the honor to submit, in accordance with Article IV of the Program, the following report upon the activi- ties of the International Bureau of the American Republics, and to make recommendations for its future usefulness. Recognizing that, among many, the practical, valuable work of the Bureau is not known or appreciated, I shall endeavor to point out by actual facts how it has been a direct and effective agency for the development of greater commerce, closer friend- ship, more intimate a'cquaintance and better understanding, not only among the American republics, but between them and other nations. Numerous highly intelligent men in the United States and Europe are unfamiliar with the wonderful progress of Latin America and express profound surprise at what they learn and see when they visit for the first time the great countries and capitals of Latin America ; correspondingly, many North and South Americans are, in their busy lives, unacquainted with the work, scope, and influence of the International Bureau of the American Republics, and are surprised when they learn what it is really accomplishing. Again, in the same way that persons residing in the northern world, who have devoted their time and effort to the study of the commercial and political conditions of the United States, Europe *The Director, in order that there may be no misunderstanding, begs to inform all who may be sufficiently interested to read this report that the views and opinions expressed and the conclusions drawn are his own and do not imply any official sanction of the Governing Board except as it mav be so stated. 10 and Asia, have little apprecation of the marvelous onward strides of the southern American nations, so those who have been intent on observing the usual phases of international intercourse are not aware of the growth of the work and influence of this inter- national institution. This fact is mentioned in order to empha- size that it is nothing against the International Bureau if some persons, not being familiar with what it has done and is doing, question its usefulness. The Director, while recognizing that the Bureau is yet far from perfection, and that it has many short- comings, is confident that, if its most ardent critics could acquaint themselves with its correspondence, its reports, its publications, and with its thousand and one ramifications, they would not only become its stanch defenders but its enthusiastic advocates. Representation of Bureau at Conference The Director sincerely regrets that unexpected and unavoidable conditions have developed at the last moment which will prevent his attendance as the chief executive officer of the Bureau at the Fourth International American Conference which meets in July of this year, at Buenos Aires, the capital of the Argentine Repub- lic, where he once had the honor of serving as United States Min- ister. He invokes, however, the friendly interest of the delegates in Mr. Francisco J. Yanes, the able Secretary of the Bureau and of the Governing Board, who was unanimously chosen by the Board to represent the Bureau in the absence of the Director. Mr., Yanes is thoroughly familiar with all the details of the work and of the administration of the office, and carries with him a full set of its publications and records for the use and consultation of the members of the Conference. The headquarters of the Bureau will be under his charge, located probably in the same build- ing where the sessions are held, and delegates and their secre- taries will always be welcome to its facilities. FACTS SHOWING THE BUREAU'S GROWTH The present Director assumed his duties about January 1, 1907, and has therefore served as its chief administrative officer for a period of nearly three and one-half years. During that time there has been a gratifying development in its work, scope, and responsibility. This result, which has been accomplished only in the face of great difficulties and many discouragements, is largely due to the following influences : First, the earnest and constant support given the Director and the confidence reposed in him by the Governing Board, consisting of the Latin-Ameri- can diplomatic representatives in Washington and the Secretary of State of the United States, who is Chairman ex officio; second. 11 the interest and co-operation of the United States Department of State, as expressed first through Secretary Root and Assistant Secretary Bacon and now by Secretary Knox and Assistant Sec- retary Wilson ; third, the construction of the new building, for which Mr. Andrew Carnegie gave $750,000 and the American republics $250,000; fourth, the faithful work of the staff of the Bureau ; and, fifth, the remarkable, progressive and material movement of Latin America, which has called the attention of the United States, Europe and even Asia to that part of the world more than ever before. Increase of Work and Responsibilities. As illustrating the growth of the work and responsibilities of the Bureau since January 1, 1907, when the present Director took charge, the following facts may be noted : (a) During the year ending December 31, 1906, the total correspondence with all parts of the world averaged several hundred letters of importance in a month; it now approxi- mates several thousand letters of legitimate inquiry and care- ful answer for the same period. (b) In the year ending December 31, 1906, only 10^ of the total membership of the United States Senate and House of Representatives used the Bureau in any form; in the year ending December 31, 1909, 97% of the entire membership made use of it in practical form. (c) In January, 1907, the correspondence with Latin- American ofificials and peoples was intermittent and mostly from two or three countries : in January, 1910, such corre- spondence was unremitting and from each one of the 21 countries of the International Union. (d) In 1906 the total number of printed publications dis- tributed hardly exceeded 60,000: during 1909 more than 450,000 pieces were distributed, and all in response to specific requests ; that is, none were thrown broadcast without knowl- edge of where they were going. (e) In January, 1907, the Monthly Bulletin, while con- taining much excellent material, was little in demand and seemed dry and uninteresting in appearance, without ac- complishing its purpose of educating and informing the different countries and peoples about each other ; m January, 1910, it was impossible for the new Bulletin, v/ith material carefully arranged and illustrated, to meet the demand for it. (f) Three years ago it was difificult to trace specific in- stances where the Bureau helped to build up commerce and trade ; during last year it was directly responsible for $52,- 000,000 worth of new exchange of trade among the Ameri- can' countries, as shown by its correspondence and records. ^ H 13 (g) When the present administration took charge the total quotas paid annually by the different American govern- ments, including the United States, did not exceed $50,000, and many of them were in arrears ; during the fiscal year of 1910-11 the quotas will approximate $125,000, with nearly all arrears paid. (h) Three and one-half years ago, and until recently, the Bureau occupied an old residence on the corner of Lafayette Square and Pennsylvania Avenue, where its staff was crowded into unsafe and unsanitary limitations of space ,-^ it now has its permanent home in a capacious and artistic new building which, with its grounds, facing the White House grounds and Potomac Park, represents an investment for Pan-American peace and friendship of $1,000,000. (i) At the beginning of the present administration, al- though the Bureau was doing the best it could under the old conditions, there was no regular systematic subdivision of its work; now, as a result of the reorganization perfected, the Bureau has the following divisions which, despite the great growth of work and the limited number of employees, enable it to perform its duties with despatch and efficiency r 1, Executive; 2, Statistics and Correspondence; 3, Monthly Bulletin; 4, Translation; 5, Columbus Memorial Library; 6, Accounts; 7, Files; 8, Mailing Room; 9, Building and Plant. These, in turn, have subdivisions arranged with reference to each duty or responsibility of the Bureau being performed in the best way possible. PRACTICAL WORK AND USEFUL ACTIVITIES The practical work and useful activities of the Bureau can best be appreciated by considering a description or enumeration _ in brief terms of some of the things it has actually done or is_ doing for the development of Pan-American commerce, friendship and peace. Its Large Correspondence 1. The Bureau conducts a large correspondence, averaging many thousands of letters per month, — (a) with officials of all the American republics and of many other governments, concerning governmental action on: numerous different subjects; 14 (,b) with manufacturers, exporters and importers, not only in the United States but in Latin America and every part of the world, concerning trade opportunities and con- ditions in the American repui)lics ; (c) with newspaper and special writers, college profes- sors, students and lecturers, concerning the historical, pohti- cal, material, social, educational and general progress of the American nations ; (d) with travelers and tourists concerning routes, facili- ties, conditions and attractions of travel throughout all America ; ' (e) with capitalists and investors, concerning opportuni- ties for developing latent resources, building railroads and starting new industries ; (f) with mining, hydraulic and electrical engineers con- cerning opening or operating mines, building water powers and establishing electric power and light plants; (g) with agriculturists, laborers and intending immigrants concerning farms, employment and homes in new lands ; (h) with lawyers concerning the laws, codes and statutes of each republic; (i) with librarians and authors concerning books and writers of each of the American nations : (j) with the curious public-at-large regarding a thousand and one things which make demands upon the time and labor of a staff altogether too small for the work it has to do. If anyone is skeptical upon this point, the Director would be pleased to show him the correspondence files of the Bureau. Features of the Monthly Bulletin 2. The Bureau publishes a monthly Bulletin of two hundred pages, which in quantity, quality and value of material, charac- ter of paper and type, artistic appearance, number of illustra- tions, and size, compares favorably with most of the popular magazines and is quite different from the average official docu- ment or publication. The following facts al)OUt it should be especially noted : (a) Its attractive form involves no sacrifice of practical and valuable material and it succeeds now in having its pages carefully read, which in its older and less attractive days were seldom opened. (b) It is prepared and printed most economically, con- sidering the field it covers and the information it dispenses. The same staff which conducts the large correspondence de- scribed above also edits tlie Bulletin, while the average pri- 15 vate magazine has twice the number of employees at its dis- posal. (c) Being an official publication it can print no advertise- ments and is entirely dependent for actual cost of printings on the very small allowance given it at the Government Print- ing Office by the United States Congress. (d) In order to pay for cost of photographs, engraving, trade diagrams, maps, good quality of paper and the prepa- ration of special data, it has become necessary to charge a small subscription and to limit carefully its free distribu- tion. (e) It has the original characteristic of being published in two editions : one in English for circulation in the United . States, and one with Spanish, Portuguese and French sec- tions, for circulation in Latin America and Europe ; and it is difficult to decide which is the more popular, showing a re- markable growth of interest in Pan-American countries and peoples. (f) The demand for the Bulletin from all over the world, far exceeding the monthly issue of five thousand copies, is the best evidence of its value and popularity. Some interest- ing facts about it are discussed later on under the head of "The Monthly Bulletin." Other Publications and the Library 3. The Bureau has compiled a series of monographs on the American republics containing the latest statistical and descrip- tive data, which answer in succinct form two-thirds of the ques- tions that the average person wishes to have answered about a country which he intends to visit, in which he may invest capital, or with which he may establish business relations. 4. The Bureau also prepares and publishes a comprehensive variety of books, pamphlets and reports relating to the American republics, for which there is a great and increasing demand. This subject is discussed more fully under the head of "Other Publica- tions of the Bureau." 5. The Bureau has maintained and enlarged its library, known officially as the Columbus Memorial Library, until it now has ap- proximately 18,000 volumes upon its shelves, constituting a col- lection of books relating to the American republics which is being consulted more and more every day. It also has upon its tables the leading reviews, daily newspapers and ofificial gazettes of the Latin-American countries. Mr. Andkkw Carnkgik, thc distinguished Philanthropist, who gave $750,000 FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE NeW BuILDING OF THE INTER- NATIONAL Bureau of American Rkpudlics 17 Chambers of Commerce, International Phases, etc. 6. The Bureau has estabhshed close relations with Chambers of Commerce and other commercial organizations in both North and South America, giving them useful information about trade conditions in all the American countries and obtaining from them much valuable data. 7. The Bureau bas acted as an international exchange, dis- seminating information in each country about the others, and pro- viding each, in response to requests, with data concerning the others. Its utility in this respect bids fair to be greatly appreci- ated. 8. The Bureau has acted as a responsible agency to correct false reports and irresponsible information about Latin America in the United States and about the United States in Latin Amer- ica, as its correspondence and newspaper files plainly show. 9. The Bureau, as the only international commercial agency of its kind, has had a direct and practical influence on the develop- ment of the trade not only of the United States, but of all the twenty other American republics both with the United States and with each other. 10. The Bureau, in the execution of its responsibilities other than commercial, has exercised a strong influence for peace and good understanding among all the American republics, and has promoted that mutual acquaintance which is always a factor for peace and friendship. Conferences and Exhibitions 11. The Bureau is the office of the Liternational Conferences of American States held at varying periods, keeps their archives, and prepares the programs and regulations. It also assists, and acts in co-operation with, other American gatherings like the International Sanitary Congresses and the Pan-American Scien- tific Conferences. Under its co-operative auspices also was held the Central American Conference of 1907. 12. The Bureau has directly assisted the work of publicity and of securing exhibits, for such great exhibitions as those held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1908, at Quito, Ecuador, in 1909, and this year at Buenos Aires, Argentina, and at Santiago, Chile. It also sent an exhibit wbich attracted widespread attention, to the exposition at Seattle, State of Washington, U. S. A., in the sum- mer of 1909. Travel and Steamships 13. The Bureau bas greatly increased the travel between North and South America and lias been directly responsible, according 18 to the records of its correspondence, for large numbers of busi- ness men, tourists and other travelers visiting for the first time the other continent according as the residence of the person is in North or South America. 14. The Bureau has influenced several steamship companies to improve their passenger service between North and South Amer- ica, and caused others to organize and undertake excursions or special journeys to the principal countries, which have been well patronized and give promise of more popularity in the future. 15. The Bureau in one of its international phases has helped some of its constituent governments to establish new subordi- nate divisions or bureaus of principal departments, and it has also acted as an agency to assist some governments in advertis- ing and letting contracts for public improvements. Study of Spanish and Portuguese 16. The Bureau has started in several universities and colleges and as many secondary schools or academies the study of Span- ish or Portuguese, and of Latin-American economic, industrial and political conditions, where previously those subjects have had little or no attention. 17. The Bureau has provided newspapers all over the world with regular bulletins or legitimate press notices covering the commercial progress, the development of resources, the starting of new enterprises, the building of railroads, the grovv^th of popu- lation, the making of new tarifif, mining, land and imm.igration laws, with the result that the newspapers now give one hundred per cent more attention to Latin America than they did a few years ago. 18. The Bureau as an international institution in no way dupli- cates, or interferes with, any subordinate bureau or division of the United States or other of its constituent governments, and performs a class of work which only an international organiza- tion supported and controlled by a group of governments can perform, and, as such, it is entitled to the liberal and hearty support of every American government. Addresses Before Commercial Organizations 19. The Bureau, in the person of its Director or of other mem- bers of its staff, has accepted numerous invitations from Cham- bers of Commerce, Boards of Trade, commercial organizations and clubs to deliver addresses before them on the development of trade relations between the United States and Latin America, and it has in this way reached in a practical manner a class of men whose influence counts in the development of interest in Latin- American affairs. These invitations have come from nearlv everv 19 important city and from every State and Territory in the United States, and are evidence of the growling interest in Pan-American commerce and friendship w^hich the Bureau is promoting. 20. The Bureau has sent, and is sending from time to time, special representatives not only to different parts of the United States, but throughout the Latin-American countries to collect the latest information about conditions of commerce, industry, and general progress, who, in turn, come back to the office in Washington to prepare reports on the countries visited and to answer the large correspondence that constantly demands atten- tion. A Pan-American Bank 21. The Bureau in making efforts along many lines to help Pan-American trade has endeavored to awaken the bankers and capitalists of the United States to the importance of the estab- lishment of an international or Pan-American bank, with head- quarters in New York and branches in the principal Latin-Amer- ican cities. The plan has been received most favorably by the Latin-American countries, and the attitude of their governments is friendly, but, on account of some technical difficulties regard- ing a charter, certain large financial interests of New York have held back from carrying the idea into execution, and this has kept other groups of capitalists from undertaking it, although they are convinced of the wisdom of the general plan and may yet carry it into execution. ORGANIZATION AND STATUS OF THE BUREAU. After having given three and one-half years of unbroken at- tention to reorganizing, and building up the International Bureau of American Republics into a strictly International institution of practical value to all the countries supporting it, I beg the privi- lege of submitting a few suggestions for its permanent good. No one unfamiliar with the prejudices, vicissitudes, and difficulties which the present Director has had to encounter to evolve suc- cessfully a new order of things can fully appreciate the great change that has been wrought, or the present high efficiency of its organization and staff. In view of the constant attention and study the Director has given the problem of the Bureau's admin- istration, it is to be hoped that the Conference may see fit to con- sider carefully his recommendation as follows : FiKST Floor of the New Building. 21 Need of a Convention or New Resolution* 1. Now that the Bureau is being reorganized as an interna- tional agency and has demonstrated beyond question its useful- ness and capabilities, there should be a simple convention (or new resolution), preferably a convention, signed and ratified by the twenty-one American Republics providing for its permanent existence under terms acceptable to all and not burdensome to any. In the congresses of some governments when the timiC comes every year to make the necessary appropriation for its quota, the question is often asked as to whether there is a law or treaty requiring the payment. For example, the United States Con- gress, while being most favorably disposed to the Bureau, has through the expressions of some of its principal members ad- vised the Director to recommend to this Conference the framing of a regular but simple convention defining the responsibility of the governments for its support. Similar intimations have come informally from several other governments. Responsibility with Governing Board 2. The Conference is respectfully and earnestly requested not to weigh down the convention or resolution with an extended enumeration of rules and regulations for the Bureau's adminis- tration or of subdivisions of its organization. It is far better that the necessary rules and regulations and any subdivisions or sections should be left to the Governing Board made up of men who are thoroughly familiar with the practical workings of the Bureau and to the Director who is directly responsible to the Board. The responsibility of the members of the Conference ends after its adjournment; that of the Board and the Director continues and cannot be avoided ; therefore the}^ should be aided by placing in their hands both power and responsibility. The rules and regulations of former conferences have proved imprac- tical in many ways and should be repealed in the new convention or resolution. A New and Briefer Name Desirable 3. The Director is convinced, after extended experience with the Bureau and continued effort to make it well and generally known, that its present title "The International Bureau of the American Republics" is cumbersome, cannot be made popular, and is usually misquoted. In nine cases out of ten when men- tioned in newspapers, reports and speeches, some error is made in its name. The word "Bureau" is also objectionable. To this *See unofficial draft of a proposed Convention in Appendix. wortl used in this connection both Hon. EHhu Root, who has al- ways taken the deepest interest in Pan-American affairs, and Mr. Joaquini Xabuco, the late lamented x\mbassador of Brazil and great Pan-American advocate, seriously objected. To them it did not seem sufficiently dignified or expressive. The term "Bu- reau" in Washington means a subordinate branch of some de- partment of the United States Government and has no special distinction such as should characterize an international organiza- tion. The best solution which I have the honor to advise after thinking for years of every alternative is "The Pan-American Union" and I am aware that the majority of the Governing Board look with much favor on this term. It is brief, dignified, expressive, easily remembered, and unique. It means something while also being a simple name. If somebody has an imaginary objection to it, will he not kindly forego his objection and ac- cept the recommendation of those upon whose shoulders rests the responsibility of making "The Pan-American Union" known, recognized, and respected the wide world over? Descriptive Names of Executive Officers 4. The recommendation is also made upon the original sug- gestion of the late Brazilian Ambassador, Mr. Nabuco. that the descriptive title of the chief executive officer "Director" should be changed in the convention or resolution to "Director-Gen- eral." There are two reasons for this: first, there is a constant and natural assumption based on the common interpretation of the term, as shown by the correspondence and newspapers, that "Director" means one of a "Board of Directors" and not neces- sarily its executive officer; second, the dignity of the position as the head of an international semi-diplomatic institution requires a descriptive term which, while not elaborate, is appropriate and distinctive. The late Brazilian Ambassador was strongly in favor of this change and would have proposed it long ago to the Gov- erning Board, if the Director himself, fearing some unjust criti- cism by those who are prone to misconstrue motives, had not asked him to withhold the suggestion until he had served a year or two and it could be left to the Conference to act upon as it saw best. Correspondingly the Secretary should be called "Assistant Director and Secretary of the Governing Board." The use of the term "The Secretary of the Bureau" causes him to be con- stantly confused in name with either the head of the institution or with the latter's private secretary. In view of the fact, more- over,^ that the Director is an international officer, elected to his position by the vote of twenty-one governments expressed through their diplomatic representatives in Washington and the Secretary of State of the United States, but has no officially de- 23 fined status or rank, it would seem just, as also first suggested by Ambassador Nabuco, that the convention or resolution should define his personal rank as that of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, with corresponding rank of Secretary of Legation for the Assistant Director. Already the State De- partment of the United States has made it a matter of officia] record that the Director at all official functions shall be consid- ered as having the rank of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary and the Secretary of the Bureau as Secretary of Legation but there has been no concert of action by the govern- ments interested. As it is probable that the Director will next year make an official visit to Latin America, it is specially de- sirable that this simple question of descriptive title should be set- tled. The Quotas and Accounts 5. It would also appear to be for the advantage of all con- cerned that there should be careful stipulation in regard to the payment of the quotas of the different governments, as approved by the Governing Board, not later than July 1 of each year for the ensuing fiscal year beginning on that date. This prevents em- barrassment at the lack of funds to carry out the work planned or ordered by the Conferences and the Governing Board. There is also abundant time after the Director has submitted his esti- mates in the previous November for the quotas, as apportioned, to be reported to each government, approved, appropriated, and paid. At the present time, moreover, following the custom that was established in the early days of the Bureau when it was al- most entirely under the direction of the Department of State at Washington and before it became an actual international institu- tion, the quotas of other governments than the United States are paid into the Treasury of the United States and, in turn, are drawn out by the International Bureau through the disbursing office of the Department of State. This requires double account- ing and auditing, and, in a sense, places the expenditure of the funds of the Bureau under the interpretation of the auditing of- ficers of the Treasury Department of the United States, who audit the accounts of all Departments of that Government, rather than under the interpretation and control of the Governing Board which must frame the budget of expenses and decide upon the quotas. The present arrangement also requires not only a staflf of accountants in the Bureau itself but in the State De- partment. In order to prevent duplication of labor and to place the funds of the Bureau absolutely in charge of the Governing Board, which is responsible for the administration of the Bureau, the Director has to recommend that the convention shall contain Hon. Elihu Root, United State? Senator from THE State of New York. Secretary of State of the United States and Chairman ex oMcio of the Governmg Board of the International Bureau of American Republics, 1905-1909. 25 a provision providing for the payment of the quotas of the vari- ous governments directly into the treasury of the Bureau, rather than into the Treasury of the United States. Special Representation in Foreign Office 6. Although it is not necessary to emhody in a convention or resolution a specific statement upon the following suggestion, I desire to impress upon the Conference the vital importance of each delegation recommending to its government the advantage, and even necessity, of designating a man in its Foreign Office who will give all his attention to correspondence with the Bureau, to providing it with the latest data in regard to his country, and to attending promptly to the inquiries for information which will be sent to him by the Director. He should have authority, in case of emergency, to communicate by cable, and should, above all things, make sure that, imm.ediately following the action of his government or the publishing of a report which would be of interest to the other American nations, such action or report is forwarded without delay to the Bureau. In this connection, as suggested elsewhere, each Government should make positive pro- vision that all of its official pubHcations, including especially changes in its tariff, mining, immigration, and commercial regu- lations, should be placed in the hands of the Bureau as soon as possible after they are enacted. THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. Your special and careful attention is called to the Monthly Bul- letin. If one person of judgment has told or written the Director, a thousand have, that, if the Bureau did absolutely nothing more than prepare and publish the Bulletin, it would fully justify the entire cost to all the governments of maintaining the Bureau. If any individual American republic undertook to purchase through some advertising agency the widespread publicity of its natural resources, its commerce, its material possibilities, its op- portunities for capital and immigrants, and its general progress, which the Bulletin gives it, that government would be obliged to pay at least ten times the sum it annually contributes to the support of the Bureau. The extent to which it is quoted by news- papers and reviews, editorial and special writers, and lecturers in all parts of the world is most convincing evidence of its use- fulness and popularity. In the files of the Bureau are innumerable letters and press clippings in every important language com- mending the work of education and information being done by the Bulletin. 26 Comparison of Old and New Bulletin Three and one-half years ago when the present administration took charge of the Bureau, the Bulletin had a most limited cir- culation. Although containing much valuable data, it was gen- erally treated as a dry, uninteresting public document, and seldom read except by a few specialists. Its pages were loaded down with much "dead" matter repeated in every number; its datawere largely statistical without new or original reports and descriptive material ; it had no illustrations which demonstrate beyond ques- tion at a glance what a country is doing and no diagrams of trade and wealth which tell a story in a moment ; and it had under one cover its English, Spanish, Portuguese and French sections, mak- ing it too cumbersome and giving too little space to each. Now the material in every number is new ; it contains special articles, reports, and descriptions while giving the latest statistical data in interesting and helpful form ; it has carefully selected illustrations which accomplish great good in showing to the most skeptical the real progress of each American State and it uses numerous pictorial diagrams which immediately give the information that a dozen pages of figures would not show if they were ever read ; and it now has two editions or sections : one in English for circu- lation in English-speaking countries and one in Spanish, Por- tuguese and French for the countries using those languages. Remarkable Growth of Demand for It Perhaps the most positive evidence of its present value is the demand for it. Three years ago the actual practical bona fide circulation was so small as to be hardly worth consideration ; now it is not possible to meet the demand for it and copies are sent out only to addresses where the recipient has been specifically recom- mended by some government official or has paid the subscription price. Although a few thousand copies, printed under the allow- ance granted at the Government Printing Office by the United States Congress, are distributed gratis upon official recommen- dation, that allowance is far from being sufficient to pay for paper, illustrations, special articles and reports, and it has be- come necessary to charge a small subscription fee, not only to reimburse the Bureau for expenditures on these vital features, but to keep the demand for it within reasonable bounds and make sure that it really goes to those who want and appreciate it. Examples of Its Circulation and Influence While the call for it in the United States has increased to the point that it ranks as a high-class review, the interest it has awak- ened in every part of Latin America, in Europe and even in Asia 27 is exceedingly gratifying. The Foreign Office, the official in- formation Bureau, many of the leading statesmen, numerous banks and other large business institutions, and a considerable proportion of the principal papers, in nearly every important country of the world, each asks or subscribes for it. The influ- ence, for example, which it has exerted toward making Latin America better and truthfully known among the large colony of able newspaper correspondents in Washington and in the editorial rooms of the leading newspapers and reviews in all parts of the United States is one of the most teUing arguments for its pres- ent usefulness. Improvements, Shortcomings and Criticisms The Director, however, appreciates that the Bulletin is yet far from being what it should be and he hopes to make, as time goes on, many needed changes and improvements. The fact that it is sometimes severely criticised is evidence of its value ; formerly nobody criticised it because nobody read it. What the Director does object to, on the other hand, is the tendency of some persons and papers to condemn the whole Bulletin and its work because they now and then discover an accidental error in its statistics or statement of facts. If one error is found in one item on one page in one issue about a country, the critic who points it out will sometimes overlook, and disregard, the thousands of other correct items occupying many pages in every issue which have disseminated over the world valuable and helpful information concerning that same country. Sincere suggestions for its bet- terment will always be welcomed and favorably acted upon if possible. Ninety-five per cent of the statistical material published in the Bulletin is literally "dug up" and specially prepared from every available source of information such as official gazettes, Consular reports, newspapers, etc., without any direct help from each government. It is natural, therefore, that mistakes should some- times creep in but in nine cases out of ten the responsibility rests with the original source of information and not with the mem- ber of the Bulletin stafif who made the compilation. Recommendation to Each Government for Co-operation In concluding this discussion of the Bulletin, I have the honor to submit only one recommendation which, if followed, will help the Director immeasurably in his efforts to make the Bulletin an ideal official publication ; let each government designate one com- petent man in its Foreign Office or other department who shall have it as his appointed duty to mail or cable immediately, when ready, the latest authorized data, statistics, and other useful in- T E R R. A C E Second Floor Plan of the New Building. 29 formation which are suited to the Bulletin and deserving of general publicity. This officer could be the same one elsewhere recommended for the responsibility of keeping the Bureau and his government in constant and intimate touch on all matters. OTHER USEFUL PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU. A prominent Member of the United States House of Repre- sentatives recently told the Director that he was willing each year to vote the appropriation by the United States Government of its quota of $75,000 for the Bureau if, as a result of that, it was able to do nothing else than publish the various pamphlets de- scriptive of Latin America Vv^hich it is regularly distributing upon request throughout the world. This opinion is cited as being one of hundreds that are constantly received by the Bureau not only from the United States but from Latin America. It is therefore fitting that this report should enumerate what has been done and is being done under this head of publications aside from the Monthly Bulletin. In the first place, prominent mention should be given to the handbooks. Although the supply of the majority of these is at this writing exhausted, or those remaining are not up-to-date, there has been such a demand for them, and they have done such an educational work, that new editions should be authorized by the different governments at once. The only reason that the Bureau has not prepared new handbooks is that it has not had the funds. It is impossible to get out a satisfactory descriptive work of this kind on any coun- try for an expense of less than $3,000, and if this were under- taken for all the countries it would use up two-thirds of the en- tire annual revenue of the institution. The Best Form of Handbook The best form of handbook is one of cloth cover, not too bulky, and containing just that kind of practical information which the greatest majority of persons seek in correspondence with the Bureau. Each book should contain, for comparative purposes, the corresponding data for each country. Handbooks issued by the International Bureau of the American Republics have an au- thority and an influence which the class of advertising matter issued in behalf of a government by some advertising or par- ticular agency in the United States or Europe can never possibly exert. The Bureau is constantly in receipt of numerous letters from all parts of the world asking whether the data sent out by certain semi-official agencies maintained, for instance, in Europe, 30 can be depended upon. The newspapers throughout tlie world are always readv to take information from the Bureau as read- ino- matter because they know its impartial and authoritative character, but they will hesitate to accept the material sent out by ordinary publicity agencies. Popular Monographs on Each Country The most popular pamphlets distributed during the last year by the International Bureau have been a set of monographs of approximately twenty pages each, descriptive of the different American republics. These are reprints of the section devoted to each country in the annual review or July number of the Monthly Bulletin. They give in summarized, succinct, and boiled-down form the latest commercial, statistical and general data which are wanted by the average person seeking immediate general information concerning a country. Carrying illustra- tions and diagrams, and yet being brief enough to be read in a few minutes, they have done a large educational work and have been in great demand. Thousands of them have been distributed in the United States and Europe, and many of them have been translated into half a dozen different languages. In this coming July, a new set will be issued, giving the latest data in possession of the Bureau about each country. They do not in any way conflict with the handbooks described above, which are of course much more elaborate and which contain a large amount of valuable information that cannot possibly be put in a small pamphlet of this character. The American Constitutions In the year 1905 the Bureau published in two volumes a work which had been for a number of years in preparation, the Con- stitutions of the American Republics. This was prepared by Dr. Jose I. Rodriguez, an eminent Latin- American scholar, for many years associated with the Bureau. The matter was arranged in parallel columns of Spanish and English, and in the case of Brazil in Portuguese, Spanish and English, and of Haiti in French, Spanish and English. This work has been in great demand, bitt it is now necessar}' that it should be revised and brought up to date because of many changes that have been made in the consti- tutions of the different republics. BibHographies and Cartographies From time to time the Bureau has issued bibliographies and cartographies of several of the republics, but it has been much hampered in this respect by the lack of facilities for providing it 31 with the latest and most authoritative information. The Direc- tor is desirous in the future of pubhshing special pamphlets which will give a comprehensive list of the leading books relating to the different countries in the various languages, and also of secur- ing a complete set of maps of the countries which will be au- thorized by their respective governments. There is a rapidly in- creasing demand upon the Bureau for reliable m.aps of the prin- cipal Latin-American republics, and it would be an advantage for all of them if they would provide the Bureau immediately with a considerable number for free distribution. The International Bureau cannot itself assume the responsibility of preparing maps because of the differences existing in regard to boundary lines. ' The responsibility in this respect must be assumed by the coun- try itself. The maps now in possession of the Bureau are being consulted by men from all parts of the world, and are a valuable agency in promoting the study of the American republics. Translations of Tarifif Schedules One of the aims of the Bureau, always kept carefully in mind, has been to supply exporters and importers of the American countries with the complete and detailed tariff schedules of the Latin-American republics translated into English. These sched- ules have been published sometimes in the Monthly Bulletin, but more often in specially prepared pamphlets. For a number of countries several editions covering later changes in the tariffs have been issued. As of special interest to Latin America, more- over, the Bureau has published and distributed among the mer- chants and business men of the several repubhcs the complete translation of the United States tariff act of 1897 into Spanish, Portuguese and French. This tariff act remained in force for twelve years, and now it is proposed to put the new United States tariff act of 1909 into these languages after the close of the present session of the United States Congress, which may make some modifications or regulations for the administration of the tariff. Commercial Directories One of the important fields of information, and one of the most necessary to the building up of the commercial relations be- tween the United States and Latin-American countries, has been the issue of commercial directories of these countries giving the names, addresses and business of the more important merchants and corporations of the several republics. An elaborate direc- tory of this kind was issued in 1898, but this is now out of date. The Bureau hopes with an increase of its income to publish spe- cial directories on different countries in the near future. At the u 33 present time it has typewritten lists made up from the reports of United States consular officers in Latin-American capitals and cities, for which there is a large demand. Mining, Immigration, Land and Patent Laws To further the mining interests of the American republics and to furnish prospective miners and purchasers of mines with a knowledge of the mining customs and regulations of the Latin- American countries, the Bureau has issued a publication con- taining the complete mining laws and regulations of all of the republics. This publication has been supplemented from time to time, as in the case of the tariffs, by the issue and distribu- tion of pamphlets covering the new enactments and the change in the old laws. In many cases these new laws and these changes have been published complete in the Monthly Bulletin. The im- migration and land laws have been covered in the same way. The patent and trade-mark laws of all the republics were published complete in English and Spanish. This work has become the principal text-book used by patent and trade-mark solicitors of the United States and foreign countries engaged in securing in- ternational patents and trade-marks. Code of Commercial Nomenclature One of the subjects which engaged the particular attention of the First International Conference, held in Washington, was the compilation of a code of commercial nomenclature. The prepa- ration of this work was the major undertaking of the Bureau in its earlier years. The intention of the Conference was to secure the pubHcation of a technical commercial dictionary and phrase book in the three languages, English, Spanish and Portuguese; giving in each language, in alphabetical order, the meaning in the other two languages of all trade terms, words, phrases and names, used in commerce, but with particular regard to words and terms used in tariff schedules. The need for such a work was then, and is now, very evident. The first Nomenclature pub- lished by the Bureau was an English-Spanish-Portuguese work, issued in 1894. In 1897 the complete work was issued in three parts: First, English-Spanish-Portuguese, revised and much en- larged; second, Spanish-EngHsh-Portuguese ; third, Portuguese- Spanish-English. This work was most favorably received in both the Americas. At the present time, owing to the growth of trade, the coinage and use of new trade terms, the change and modification in the use of old terms, and the fact that the Nomenclature when published was an essay in a new field and therefore of a necessity incomplete, it has become more or less obsolete and entirely inadequate. There is a pressing need for 34 a new edition, but this new edition should be, in effect, a new- work. The cost of compilation and publication would be great. Special Works, Books and Pamphlets The list of special works, issued in book or pamphlet form by the Bureau, is quite a long one, and includes such subjects as "Money, Weights and Measures of the American Republics"; "Breadstuffs in Latin America" ; "Reciprocity and Trade" ; "Re- ports on Commerce," in several editions ; "Coffee," in English and in Spanish; "Pan-American Railway"; "Consular Fees and Invoices of Latin-American Countries" ; speeches delivered and special articles written by Latin-American Diplomatic and Con- sular representatives ; reports of United States Consular Officers in Latin America ; Immigration, Mining and Land Laws. Books and Pamphlets of the Director Recently the Bureau has issued a number of books and pam- phlets prepared by the present Director: "Colombia, Land of Great Possibilities" ; "Latin America as a Field for United States Cap- ital and Enterprise" ; "United States and Latin America" ; "Brazil" ; "South America, Bird's-eye View" ; "Argentina, Uru- guay and Paraguay" ; "Resourceful Central America" ; "The Western Republics of South America" ; "The Northern Repub- lics of South America"; "Panama, Central America and Mex- ico"; "Cuba, Dominican Republic and Haiti." The Bureau as a Distributing Agency One of the original purposes in the organization of the Bureau was that it should act as the distributing agent of the several republics for the distribution of books, pamphlets, etc., published on behalf of the countries, for the purpose of making better known to the world the commercial and industrial opportunities offered by them. A few of the countries have forwarded from time to time literature of this kind for distribution, but as a gen- eral rule they have by no means taken full advantage of the op- portunities offered by the Bureau for the placing of this kind of literature to the best advantage. Its facilities in this connection are believed to be far better than those offered by the special agencies and consular service of the several countries, since the Bureau is able to reach a much larger field and is recognized the world over as an international institution. Of works of this character the Bureau has distributed: "The British Guiana- Venezuela Boundary Case" ; "Argentine Interna- tional Trade"; "Railroads of the Argentine Republic — map I"; "Bolivia," an address by Seiior Don Tgnacio Calderon, Minister to the United States from Bolivia" ; "Bolivia as a Field for 35 American Capital," by Sevior Calderon; "Brazil in 1909" ; "Cuba," a report by Hon. C. E. Magoon; "Dominican Republic"; "Nitrate Fields of Chile"; "Trade Reports on Argentina"; "Paraguay and Uruguay"; "Brazil," and similar data about Central America and West Coast of South America, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico ; "Venezuela," translation into Spanish of the Bureau's handbook made and published by the Venezuelan Government; "Chile, description of the Republic" ; "Costa Rica, the Land and Resources" ; "Brazil, Scientific PossibiHties," by Senhor Joaquim Nabuco ; "Central America, Notes on Railways" ; "Guatemala, Country of the Future" ; and Mr. Root's speeches in South America. FOREIGN COMMERCE OF LATIN AMERICA. The greatest activity of the Bureau is in the development of the exchange of trade among the American republics. This does not mean, as many suppose, the advancement of commerce only be- tween the United States and the other American countries. Far from that. It means that, as an international office, it is helping the exchange of products between any two or between each and all the others. It will surprise some persons who do not appreci- ate the broad work of the Bureau that it was plainly responsible for $52,000,000 of new business among the American republics last year which can be directly traced and of which there is au- thentic record. If, then, this amount can be traced, how much more must be the total which it inspired but of which it has no record ! Impressive Facts Regarding Latin-American Commerce. Some general facts about the foreign commerce of the twenty Latin-American Republics may not be out of place here and will astonish most persons. The latest statistics compiled for this re- port show that in the year 1909 these countries south of the United States bought and sold in trade with the rest of the world products valued at the splendid and surprising total of two billion, one hundred and twenty-seven million, three hundred and one thousand dollars ($2,127,301,000). Assuming that there are seventy million (70,000,000) inhabitants in Latin America, this gives a per capita trade of approximately thirty dollars ($30). The foreign commerce of China and Japan, combined, with a con- servative estimate of their population at three hundred and fifty millions (350,000,000) was approximately one billion dollars ($1,000,000,000). or only half that of Latin America, giving a per capita of less than three dollars ($3) per head, or only one- TOTAL COMt-tERCE, (ATESICE YRS. H^S-T -B) j^gas.Tas. ooo. 'iliii'iininiHim iuMiiuiin' ' miiiiiminiiiiuiiiiiMUiiiminiiiiiiiniiiiiiiihiiiuiiiiiiiiiniMiiiimiiinuiiuiniMiiiiiiiiiij ii 'i ' PtCADtS GKQWrn 0? LATIH AMtl^lCATl COMMtKCE- m.iimiiHiiiiiniiiiiiniiimn:iniiiiiuiunMiuiiiiimnT TOTAL COM^aEECa- ia.l£7.301.000. '''"'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiummu'iiii I uuuii'iuiiniini imiuui n iiimiiimhii luii iiin i'ii"iiinMiiMiMiii'iiii,i,nMiiMmiiiiiiiHiini-rTTTT IRCBCASL OF IKCREASE, PERCEKTAbE OF INCREASE, TOTAL con.' laSTo ^hhhhhh^hi^hh IMPORTS -11 5*^0 H^H^^^I^^HH^ 'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii KHiiiiiiiiiiii 37 tenth that of Latin America. This comparison is not in any sense intended as a reflection on Japan, which is a wonderful and most progressive country, nor upon China, which has vast latent wealth and enormous potentialities, but simply and solely to em- phasize the remarkable importance and progress of Latin America. IRemarkable Increase of Foreign Trade Analyzing still further these instructive and even fascinating figures, we find that this grand total represents an almost ]5henomenal increase in one decade, as over the average foreign trade for the years 1896-7-8, of one billion, two hundred and three million, fiye hundred and sixteen thousand dollars ($1,- 203,516,000), or 128%. In other words, the foreign commerce of Latin America averaged for the three years 1896-7-8 nine hundred and twenty-three million, seven hundred and eighty-five thousand dollars ($923,785,000), in contrast to a total of two billion, one hundred and twenty-seven million, three hundred and one thousand dollars ($2,127,301,000) in 1909. Latin America can well be proud of such a record. It must convince the most hard headed doubter that the twenty nations which reach in grand array from Mexico and Cuba south to Argentina and Chile are indeed worthy of the admiration and study of the rest of the world and particularly of the United States, which always prides itself on its trade growth and material prosperity. The Figures for Exports and Imports This total for 1909 divided into exports and imports shows a notable balance of trade in favor of Latin America. The ex- ports were valued at one billion, two hundred and thirty-two million, one hundred and three thousand dollars ($1,232,103,000) ; the imports at eight hundred and ninety-five million, one hundred and ninety-eight thousand dollars ($895,198,000), or a favorable Imlance of three hundred and thirty-six million, nine hundred and five thousand dollars ($336,905,000). Exports, moreover, show an impressive increase in ten years of 143% and imports of 115fo. Latin America and the United States There is not space in this report to discuss in detail the foreign commerce of each one of the twenty-one American republics, but taking the United States, in view of its population and large commerce, as one grand division, and all Latin America as another, of the vast Pan-American field of the Bureau's activity, the data compiled especially for this report shows further re- 38 markable and interesting facts. The United States bought from and sold to Latin America in 1909 products valued at the large total of nearly six hundred million dollars ($600,000,000). The exact figures were five hundred and eighty-nine million, three hundred and two thousand dollars ($589,302,000). The average for the three years of 1907-8-9 was five hundred and thirty-eight million, five hundred and nine thousand dollars ($538,509,000). Now contrast this total with the average of a decade ago, or for 1896-7-8, and we find the latter was only two hundred and thirty-six million, two hundred and seventy-nine thousand dol- lars ($236,279,000). In other words, the exchange of trade be- tween the United States and her sister respublics more than doubled itself in approximately ten years ! That this commerce with the United States is a good thing beyond doubt for Latin America is established by the fact that the balance of trade averages nearly one hundred million dollars ($100,000,000) per annum in favor of the southern countries. On the assumption, however, that the raw products of Latin America are needed in vast quantities to keep the factories, labor and capital of the United States occupied and to supply food to her inhabitants, this balance works no hardship on the United States. Competition of United States and Europe Taking six hundred million dollars ($600,000,000) as high- water mark of what Latin America and the United States ex- changed in trade last year, what becomes of the complaint of the uninformed man that the United States is entirely neglectful of Latin America's commerce and is being outstripped rapidly by Germany and France? When the LTnited States buys, as she does, one-fourth of all Latin America sells to the world, and sells to it one-fourth of all it buys, no one can logically say that the United States and Latin America are losing their commerce with each other through the competition of Europe and that the In- ternational Bureau of the American Republics is failing in its work of making North and South America better known to each other. This suggests the thought that there is everything to be gained and nothing to be lost by the rivalry and competition of Europe for its share of the commerce of Latin America. The more Latin America can sell to Europe, the more it can buy not only of Europe, but of the United States. The more also that Europe can sell to it, the more Europe in turn can buy of it, and so in- crease the general prosperity and buying capacity of Latin America. It would be undignified and unwise for the Bureau, as an international institution, and unfair to Latin America, for it to oppose or interfere with the development of the closest trade relations between Latin America on the one hand and Europe 39 and Asia on the other. The broader and wider the export and import field of all America, the greater the reciprocal prosperity which will come to every American nation and people. The Foreign Trade of the Argentine Republic Inasmuch as the Conference is being held in the Argentine Republic, it is fitting to make specific reference to the extraor- dinary total of its foreign trade for 1909 as showing the present progress and commercial possibilities of a representative Latin- American country. Argentina bought from, and sold to, other countries in 1909 products valued at the great total of seven hun- dred million, one hundred and seven thousand dollars ($700,- 107,000). Of this her exports were no less than three hundred and ninety-seven million, three hundred and fifty-one thousand dol- lars ($397,351,000) and the imports three hundred and two mil- lion, seven hundred and fifty-six thousand dollars ($302,756,000). This gives a balance in favor of Argentina of approximately ninety-five million dollars ($95,000,000). Argentina's per capita of foreign commerce on a basis of seven million (7,000,000) in- habitants is most impressive, being an average of one hundred dollars ($100), a rate not surpassed by any other large country. Stated in another way, Argentina's seven millions of people con- ducted a larger foreign trade in 1909 than the fifty millions of progressive and powerful Japan or the three hundred millions of awakening and resourceful China. The average foreign trade of Argentina for the years 1896-7-8 was two hundred and twenty-three million, two hundred and twenty-eight thousand dollars ($223,228,000). As this grew to exceed seven hundred million dollars ($700,000,000) in ten or eleven years, there was an increase in that short period of four hundred and seventy-six million, eight hundred and seventy-nine thousand dollars ($476,879,000), or 214%— a record equaled by few, if any, other commercial countries. Other Countries Also Show Large Totals If it would not make this report too statistical, the Director would enjoy pointing out the great strides forward in the devel- opment of both foreign and home trade by the other republics. These have been brought constantly to the attention of the Bu- reau, and in turn made known by its agencies of publicity to the attention of the wide world. As a matter of record, however, it is interesting to note that the value of exports and imports of Brazil in 1909 amounted nearly to five hundred million dollars ($500,000,000) with every prospect of growing rapidly in the future. Next came Chile with a foreign commerce (in 1909) 41 of two hundred and ten million dollars ($210,000,000) ; Cuba (1909), with two hundred and four million ($204,000,000); Mexico (1909), with nearly two hundred million ($200,000,000) ; Uruguay (1909), with eighty million ($80,000,000); Peru (1907), with fifty-six milHon ($56,000,000) ; Bolivia (1909), with thirty-seven million ($37,000,000) ; Colombia (1908), with twen- ty-eight million ($28,000,000); Venezuela (1908), with twenty- four milHon ($24,000,000); Ecuador (1908), with fifteen mil- Hon ($15,000,000); Dominican Republic (1908), with fourteen million ($14,000,000); Costa Rica (1909), with fourteen mil- lion ($14,000,000); Guatemala (1908), with twelve milHon ($12,000,000) ; Panama n908), with nine milHon ($9,000,000) ; Salvador (1909), with eight miHion ($8,000,000) ; Haiti (1908), with eight million ($8,000,000); Paraguay (1908), with seven million ($7,000,000); Nicaragua (1908), with seven milHon ($7,000,000). and Honduras (1909), with four milHon ($4,- 000,000). The exact figures available are quoted in an accom- panying diagram which tells the story better than descriptive matter. Total Exports and Imports of the United States To have the record complete it is well to note that the United States conducted in 1909 a foreign commerce valued at three billion, two hundred and three million, eight hundred and fifteen thousand, eight hundred and fifty-one dollars ($3,203,815,851), of which exports were one billion, seven hundred and twenty- eight milHon, two hundred and three thousand, two hundred and seventy-one dollars ($1,728,203,271) and imports one billion, four hundred and seventy-five million, six hundred and twelve thou- sand, five hundred and eighty dollars ($1,475,612,580). The en- tire foreign commerce of the republics supporting the Bureau •could, therefore, be estimated approximately at five bilHon, three hundred milHon doHars ($5,300,000,000). This does not include prosperous Canada or a few other colonial possessions of European nations in the Western Hemisphere. Attention is caHed to the table in the Appendix and to the diagrams accompanying the text of this report. THE PANAMA CANAL AND PAN-AMERICAN COMMERCE. The Bureau has devoted much effort to awakening the world to an appreciation of the material development that must come directly to the west coast of South America, Central America, and Mexico, and indirectly to the east coasts of those parts of 42 the Western Hemisphere through the increased prosperity of the western section, when the Panama Canal is opened to general traffic. The Director believes that it is no exaggeration to state that the whole Pacific Coast line, reaching from northern Mexico south to southern Chile, will experience a growth and a nev/ prosperity, following the opening of the Canal, which will rival the development that took place in California and the west coast of the United States after the completion of the transcontinental railways. There is no more powerful agency for the advance- ment of a country's welfare than direct and first-class means of communication between it or its principal ports and otlier coun- tries or their principal entrepots of commerce and trade. The coast line reaching for 5,000 miles south from Panama to the Straits of Magellan, and the 3,000 miles reaching north- west from Panama to the United States, has been practically isolated, during the period in which the world generally has made its greatest material progress, from the principal commercial routes which have had such an influence on the phenomenal de- velopment of the United States, Europe, parts of Asia, and the east coast of South America. By the opening of the Canal this coast line and all the countries and ports debouching upon it will liave immediate and close steamship connections with the prin- cipal ports of the United States and Europe. Opportunities Should be Studied In view of these prospects, it is of the highest importance that the manufacturers, the exporters, the merchants, the investors, and the students of the United States should familiarize them- selves with the opportunities on the west coast of South and Cen- tral America, and that, in turn, the business men, the exporters, and the agriculturists living in these Latin- American countries should study the opportunities for developing their trade with the United States, Europe, and the Far East. The countries to be most directly benefited by the Panama Canal are the United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile ; but inafmuch as Brazil and Argentina have great western sec- tions which are in a sense tributary to the Pacific Coast or closely associated with it, and as they are, moreover, increasing their trade with the countries bordering on the Pacific, they will be helped by the increase in population and wealth of the western countries. The same quickening influence w^ill be felt by Uruguay, Paraguay and by Venezuela and the countries of the Caribbean, like Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti. All America, therefore, is vastly concerned with the completion of this water- way. It is interesting to note that the foreign commerce of the west coast of Central and South America, in its present isolated posi- tion, is valued approximately at $400,000,000 per annum. If it can conduct a trade as large as this without the Canal, there is every reason to believe that it will carry on a commerce valued at double or three times that amount within ten years after the first ship steams from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Celebration of the Opening of Canal In this connection, it is most fitting that there should be a sub- ject in the program of the Conference calling for a "Resolution instructing the Governing Board of the International Bureau of the American Republics to consider and recommend the manner in which the American Republics may see fit to celebrate the opening of the Panama Canal." This resolution involves a heavy responsibility, and it is to be hoped that some plan may be recom- mended which will meet with the hearty approval of all the countries. The Director has been urged by different cities of the United States and by different individuals of influence and authority to make some declaration of the attitude of the Interna- tional Bureau toward such a celebration or the place where it might be held, but of course he has carefully avoided any ex- pression of opinion which may indicate a preference. This is mentioned simply to show the interest which is being taken in re- gard to the celebration of the opening of the Canal. Believing that it will mark the beginning of a new era in the development of commercial relations of the whole Western Hemisphere, the Bureau has compiled and distributed a large amount of information treating of the material aspects of the completion of the Panama Canal, and it awaits with interest the action of the Conference on this subject of the program. IMPROVED STEAMSHIP AND MAIL FACILITIES. Recognizing that among the greatest helps to the development of trade are first-class mail facilities and rapid steamship con- nections, the International Bureau has done everything it con- sistently could, without committing itself to any particular pol- icy, for the improvement of the mail and steamship service be- tween North and South America. It is not for the Bureau or the Director, unless acting under instructions of the Governing Board, to discuss or recommend what are sometimes called "sub- sidies," but there are certain underlying conditions which must be followed if there are to be more, faster, and better steamers between North and South America, and more speedy dispatch of mails. 45 Conditions on Land and Sea the Same In order to build up commerce between countries which liave only water connection, it is just as necessary to have fast and commodious express steamers to carry mails and passengers as it is to have fast express and commodious railroad trains on land to develop trade between adjoining States or cities. As no State or city having only freight or slow-going trains connecting it with a great market can compete successfully with another State or city having fast express trains as well as those running slowly and carrying freight, correspondingly no country having slow- going and uncomfortable steamships can compete in the long run with countries provided with better steamship facilities. It is as imperative to carry business men and the mails back and forth quickly and comfortably as it is to provide an abundance of freight trains for the conveyance of cargo. Payment of Compensation for Service If the long distances to be covered, the amount of space re- quired for carrying coal, and the cost of up-keep are such that steamship companies cannot afford to put on fast steamers for carrying mails and passengers, they should be paid a wage, de- termined by competitive bids, for carrying the mails extreme dis- tances, which would give the service required. In view of the fact that the Latin-American countries as well as the United States might wish to put on steamships flying their flags, it might seem best that the authorities in each government should be au- thorized to pay to a steamship company flying any flag the amount which it, for the lowest figure, in competition with other lines, would carry the mails back and forth. In the true development of the Pan-American spirit of mutual interest and unity of ef- fort, it would not seem right for the United States to legislate by tonnage dues, or by discrimination against vessels flying the flag of a Latin-American country. If, therefore, the Pan-American Conference can recommend some plan bv which the governments of both North and South- America will pay a reasonable compensation or wage to any company of any nationality providing faster service for the mails and comfortable accommodations for .passengers, there is_ no doubt that shortly will come a great change in the present situa- tion and that mails and passengers will go back and forth between the principal ports of the United States and the principal ports of Latin America with the same rapidity and comfort that they now travel back and forth between Europe and Latin America. 46 Improved Facilities Already Established It gives the Director pleasure to call attention to the improved steamship service that is being established between New York and the principal ports of the east coast of South America. Sev- eral new boats with excellent passenger accommodations have already been put on and more are contemplated, and it would appear as if the time were at hand when it would not be necessary for the North American or South American visiting the other section of the Western Hemisphere to go via Europe. A sim- ilar improvement has been made at New Orleans in the Caribbean service. It is also a pleasure for the Director to state, as indi- cated at another point in this report, that negotiations are now going on between several governments and a number of respon- sible capitalists and shipbuilders for the establishment of a first- class service between the principal ports of the Ignited States and the west coast of South and Central America, to be ready for operation as soon as the Canal is opened. In this connection, credit should be given to some of the South American countries for the efforts they have already made for improved steamship facilities. If the other countries will supplement their efforts or unite with them, a great change will come over the conditions of trade and travel between North and South America. THE NEW BUILDING OF THE INTERNATIONAL BUREAU. There is nothing that gives the Director more pleasure than to report upon the completion and occupation of the new building. It is without doubt, considering its cost and size, one of the most beautiful structures in the world. It certainly is unique in the United States and in the Capital, Washington. It not only stands as a temple of a great principle, but as the home of a practical office. It is a physical demonstration to everybody who visits Washington that the International Union of American Republics has an actual force, and that its office is housed in an appropriate manner. It is, as Elihu Root said at its dedication, "A con- fession of faith, a covenant of fraternal duty, a declaration of allegiance to an ideal." In the same speech he also said. "This building is to be in its most manifest utilitarian service a convenient instrument for association and growth of mutual knowledge among the people of the different republics. The library maintained here, the books and journals accessible here, the useful and interesting 47 publications of the Bureau, the enormous correspondence carried on with seekers for knowledge about American countries, the opportunities now afforded for further growth in all those ac- tivities, justify the pains and the expense. The building is more important, however, as the symbol or ever present reminder of perpetual association of unity of common interest and purpose and hope among all the American republics." First Plans for a Building In 1903 the Governing Board of the Bureau recommended the erection of a new building in Washington, to cost $125,000, the amount to be apportioned among all the supporting countries in proportion to population. On this basis the Latin-American re- publics would contribute $50,000, and the United States $75,000. The proposition was received generally with favor, and some of the Latin-American countries soon after paid in their quotas. The Congress of the United States, by act approved June 30, 1906, upon the recommendation of the then Secretary of State, Mr. Root, decided to contribute a larger portion than originally intended, and appropriated $200,000 for the purpose. In the meantime the other republics paid in sums amounting approxi- mately to $50,000. The Gift of Mr. Andrew Carnegie On January 1, 1907, Mr. Andrew Carnegie, the distinguished philanthropist, addressed a letter to Mr. Root, then Secretary of State of the United States and ex officio Chairman of the Govern- ing Board, making an offer of v$750,000 for the erection of a new building as the home of the International Bureau of the Ameri- can Republics. This offer was accepted by the Board at a special meeting held on January 30, 1907, and the Director was instructed to proceed with the purchase of a site, the securing of a design through competition of architects, and, in due time, the letting of a contract for its erection. Negotiations under the supervision of Secretary Root were immediately begun for the purchase of what was known as the "Van Ness property," owned by George Washington University, and located on 17th Street between B and C Streets, facing the park south of the White House on one side and the new Potomac Park overlooking the Potomac River on the other side. No more beautiful location could be found in the Capital of the United States, situated as it is on the axis of the Mall, reaching from the National Capitol through to the Potomac River, with the Washington Monument near at hand, and the White House, the State Department, the Corcoran Art Gallery, and the principal park driveway of the city all in the vicinity. The Grand Foyer or Hall of Flags in the New Building, AS SEEN FROM THE OfFICE OF THE DIRECTOR. 49 The ground upon which it stands occupies five acres, or about two and a half hectares, and enables the building to have a hand- some setting of green lawn on every side. The $200,000 appro- priated by the United States was used for purchase of this ground, the offer for purchase being made by Secretary Root on February 16th, and accepted by the Board of Trustees of the University on April 29, 1907. The deed conveying the property was delivered June 6, 1907. The Architectural Competition In response to a competition, duly advertised, some seventy separate designs were submitted for the new building, and an award was finally unanimously made by the judges, consisting of three of the leading architects of the United States, Mr. Charles F. McKim, Mr. Henry Hornbostel, and Mr. Austin W. Lord, acting in co-operation with the Secretary of State of the United States and the Director. The successful architects selected were Messrs. Albert Kelsey and Paul P. Cret of Philadelphia, who had associated themselves together for the submission of plans. The competition was limited to the United States only be- cause of the great desire to push forward the beginning of work upon the building. A competition including the architects of Latin America would have meant a delay of eight months to a year, and it was the unanimous opinion of the Governing Board that the growth of the work of the Bureau, in view of its then exceedingly cramped quarters, would not permit of the delay. The contract was let April 1, 1908, to Norcross Brothers of Worcester, Massachusetts, as a result of competitive bids. James Berrall was appointed Superintendent of Construction and Will- iam Copeland Furber Consulting Engineer. Laying of the Corner-Stone May 11, 1908 The laying of the foundation began on April 13, 1908, and the corner-stone was laid May 11, 1908, with perhaps the most im- pressive ceremonies of the kind ever held in the city of Wash- ington. Nearly five thousand people, including all the leading officials and most of the distinguished private individuals of the Capital were present, together with many eminent visitors from other parts of the United States and foreign countries. The par- ticipants in the program included the President of the United States ; the Secretary of State of the United States ; the Ambassador of Brazil, Mr. Joaquim Nabuco, speak- ing, and also the correspondence covering the gift of Mr. Car- negie, Cardinal Gibbons, Bishop Cranston and the Director. Special cable messages from the Presidents of all the American republics were read and earnestly applauded, while the flag of each American nation was raised to the music of its national anthem. so The Dedication on April 26, 1910 Since then the work has gone forward without interruption, and the formal dedication took place on April 26th of this year, or about fifteen days less than two years after the corner-stone was laid. The dedicatory exercises were as impressive as those of the corner-stone laying, and the participants this time included the President of the United States ; the Secretary of State of the United States, wJio is Chairman ex officio of the Governing Board; the Ambassador of Mexico, Mr. Francisco Leon de la Barra, speaking on behalf of Latin America ; Senator Elihu Root, Mr. Andrew Carnegie, Cardinal Gibbons, Bishop Harding, Albert Kelsey and Director Barrett. Cable messages were again re- ceived and read from the Presidents of the Latin-American re- publics. In the evening, following the actual dedication, there was given in the grand salon, or "Hall of the American Repub- lics" as some have suggested it should be termed, a notable re- ception in which the President of the United States headed the receiving line and the members and their wives of the Govern- ing Board and Mr. and Mrs. Carnegie assisted. Over twenty- six hundred guests were invited, including the entire diplomatic corps, the Supreme Court, the members of the Cabinet, Senators and Congressmen, and other distinguished official and unofficial persons. Popular Interest in the Building On May 10, 1910, almost exactly two years after the corner- stone laying, the building was actually occupied by the office staff. Since that day it has been crowded by visitors from all parts of the world, averaging as many as several hundred in a day. All of these go away with a new idea as to the importance of the Pan-American L^nion and of the future of the Latin-American republics. The publicity which Latin America has received throughout the United States, and even in Europe, as a result of the construction of this new building, has had a most bene- ficial effect in awakening the world to a realization of their re- sources, progress, and possibilities. Brief Description of the Structure In order to give in a brief word a description of the building, which covers its principal features, I quote the following from the official program of the dedicatory exercises: ''This new edifice is a unique, practical office building, also adapted as a place for diplomatic functions, international conferences, and other kindred ceremonial uses. Two colossal marble groups typifying the spirit of modern progress in North and South America respectively flank the triple L-ntrances. Grilles of solid bronze form the outer doors and screen 51 the approach to the lofty vestibule which in turn opens wide upon a patio which is filled with rare tropical plants and is covered by a sliding glass roof which may be kept closed in the winter. A wide cornice shades a rich frieze on which the arms of the twenty-one republics and the names of distinguished patriots are emblazoned. In the center a pink marble fountain of archaic design plays water, light, and color. On either side of the patio grand marble stairs ascend to the open foyer of the main hall, where busts of distinguished men are displayed and the em- broidered silken (lags of the American Republics are gracefully sus- pended. "The Director's room, the Secretary's room and the Board Room are on this floor. Here is the large Hall of the Republics with the Board Room opening at one end and another of similar dimensions at the other — the three together forming a pleasing vista and climax. To this great hall also lead the monumental stairs from the marble terrace at the rear. The bronze frieze in the Board Room, above a wall-covering of yellow brocade, depicts decisive scenes and events in American history. The white mahogany table around which the Governing Board meets is surrounded by chairs carrying the names and escutcheons of the Re- publics represented. ■'The routine business of the Bureau is transacted on the first floor and in the bright and airy basement, and yet on the ground level there are, besides many offices, a public reading room of liberal dimensions and a modern stack room with accommodations for one hundred and seventy- five thousand volumes. A mail room, storeroom, vaults, service room, etc., have been conveniently and inconspicuously incorporated. The gen- eral reception room on the left of the entrance is finished in Oregon fir presented by the lumber manufacturers of that State as a personal tribute to the Director." Among the artists and sculptors whose work ornaments the building are Charpentier, Gutzon Borglum, Gertrude Vander- bilt Whitney, Isidore Konti, Herbert Adams, Sally James Farn- ham, Chester Beach, Robert Aitkin, Solon Borglum and Rudulph Evans. Statement of Building Accounts The accounts for the construction of the new building are now being closed up, and the final payment to the contractors will be made about the time this report goes to press. As soon as pos- sible after that date, a detailed statement will be submitted by the Director to the Governing Board covering the expenditure of all funds in his charge. It is most gratifying to the Director to be able to state to the Conference that the building has been erected entirely within the amount placed at the disposal of the Governing Board by Mr. Carnegie, through Mr. Elihu Root, but this result has only been accomplished by the greatest care and attention being given to every feature of the work, not only by the Director himself, but by the contractors and architects, aided by the constant advise and personal interest of Mr. Root. It is also pleasing to hear men experienced in the construction of large buildings express surprise that such an artistic and practical w f- t^ 53 structure has been built, furnished and occupied for the amount expended. The system of vouchers and auditin.s^ has been di- rected with so much care that not one cent has been wasted. The total amount practically at the disposal of the Governing Board and Director has been approximately one million dollars — seven hundred and fifty thousand contributed by Mr. Carnegie, two hundred thousand appropriated by the United States, and about fifty thousand received from the other American governments. The first amount was used entirely in the erection of the build- ing; the second in the purchase of the ground; and the last in the payment of contingent expenses and furnishings. Recommendation to the Conference In concluding this section of the report referring to the new building, I have the honor to make one or two recommenda- tions. Already in one of the grand corridors overlooking the central patio are draped the silken and embroidered flags of each repubHc, while provision is made for marble busts of a repre- sentative man in the history of each country. About one-half of the republics have made provision for such representation and it is respectfully urged that those governments which have not yet acted in this matter shall do so as soon as possible in order that the collection, which attracts much attention and has a his- torical and educational value, may be soon completed. The Direc- tor further expresses the hope that not only every member of the Conference, but every Latin American who may visit the United States or travel to foreign countries may find it possible to go to Washington and see with his own eyes this temple of Pan-Ameri- can peace, commerce and friendship. If he takes advantage of this invitation he will not only receive a cordial welcome from the Director and the staff of the Bureau, but he will return with new enthusiasm for the work of the institution and for the possibili- ties of the co-operation of the American nations for their mu- tual betterment. Attention is called to the official correspondence in regard to the gift of Mr. Carnegie, quoted in the Appendix. THE BUREAU AND GOVERNMENT EXHIBITIONS. The Bureau has unreservedly and actively co-operated with American govcnments which have been giving national or in- ternational exhibitions, and it has, through its Bulletin, its cor- 54 respondence, its notices to the press and other agents of pub- licity, done much to awaken interest in these exhibitions. When the National Exhibition of Brazil was held at Rio de Janeiro in 1908, the Bureau gave it extensive publicity in the United States and Europe, with the result that many travelers went to Brazil and others parts of South America who had never before visited that part of the world. Many large manufacturing firms which had not before realized the opportunity carefully instructed their representatives in Rio to make creditable exhibits. At the National Exhibition held at Quito, Ecuador, in 1909,. the Bureau itself made an exhibit and co-operated with Com- missioner General Wands of the United States in securing ex- hibits from that country. At the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition, held in the city of Seattle, State of Washington, United States, the Bureau main- tained an exhibit of its own which was visited by thousands of persons and attracted general attention. That exhibit has been described as largely responsible for first awakening the Pacific Coast of the United States to an appreciation of the importance of the Pacific Coast of Latin America. The Bureau has taken, moreover, much interest in the Inter- national Exhibitions of Agriculture, Transportation, and Fine Arts being held this year at Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic, and in the International Exhibition of Fine and Applied Arts, which will take place at Santiago, Chile, in September. Long^ before the United States and some of the European and other Latin-American countries had taken any steps toward representa- tion at these exhibitions, the Bureau had published much descrip- tive matter about them and their purposes, and had advised the agriculturalists, the manufacturers, and the artists of different countries to participate. The Director himself personally urged upon the United States Congress an appropriation for creditable representation of that Government at Buenos Aires and San- tiago. JUDGMENT PASSED UPON THE BUREAU. It is appropriate that there should be incorporated in this re- port a few quotations from the comment of men in public life,, from newspaper editorials and from public addresses, which give a little idea of how the work of the International Bureau of the American Republics is regarded. It is no exaggeration to state tliat the files of the Bureau's correspondence are crowded with letters from all classes of men and with cHppings from papers in many parts of the world commending the Bureau or express- ing appreciation of information supphed. There is given here- 55 just sufficient to show to those who are not entirely familiar with what the Bureau is doing how it is regarded by those who are competent to judge. In the message which President Taft of the United States sent to Congress on December 7, 1909, he said : "The International Bureau of the American Republics has carried on an important and increasing work during the last year. In the exer- cise of its peculiar functions as an international agency, maintained by all the American Republics for the development of Pan-American com- merce and friendship, it has accomplished a great practical good, which could be done in the same way by no individual department or bureau of one government, and is, therefore, deserving of your liberal support. The fact that it is about to enter a new building, erected through the munificence of an American philanthropist and the contributions of all the American nations, where both its efficiency of administration and ex- pense of maintenance will naturally be much augmented, further entitles it to special consideration." One of the last letters which Mr. Joaquim Nabuco, the dis- tinguished and lamented Ambassador of Brazil to the United States, wrote, was the following, under date of January 7, 1910: "Dear Mr. Barrett : I thank you for the New Year's issue of the Bulletin. You have made it the most interesting review for the two Americas. I congratulate you on your work, and I am glad that my term of service in Washington coincided with yours. "Hoping to continue some time longer to serve with you here the Pan-American cause, I am, "Very truly yours, "Joaquim Nabuco." In its issue of July 26, 1909, the "London Times," one of the most powerful papers of Great Britain, had the following quota- tion from its Washington corre jondent: "South America, through the Bureau of the American Republics here, with which twenty-one countries are affiliated, has been intently watching the course of the tariff bill. It has developed, through the efforts of Mr. John Barrett, its Director, into a considerable influence toward the development of both commerce and friendship between the United States and Latin America. The Bureau to some extent is responsible for the remission of the duty on coffee, in which Brazil is keenly interested, and is striving to prevent the duty on hides in the interests of Argentina, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Uruguay, and Cuba, as also to check an increased duty on other South American products. It is taking an active part in the movement for the creation of an international bank in South America, and it hopes to promote the passage next session in Congress of a bill providing for improved shipping facilities." The "New York Sun," one of the most influential newspapers of New York City, in an extended review of the Bulletin, said, in its issue of August 4, 1909, the following: Hon. Philander C. Knox Secretary of State of the United States and Chairman ex officio of the Governing Board of the Inter- national Bureau of American Re- publics. Mr. John Barrett Director of the International Bureau of American Republics. Mr. Francisco J. Yanes Secretary of the International Bureau of .American Republics. 57 "The Bureau of the American Republics has recently issued a very valuable publication in the form of an annual review of conditions in Latin America. The Bureau has published such reviews for a number of years, but in the matter and treatment thereof the latest issue is far ahead of any of its predecessors. The reviews of 1904, 1905, and 1906 made pamphlets of about 100 pages. The review of 1907 covered 175 pages. The story of 1908 runs up to nearly 300 pages, with maps, dia- grams, and illustrations. The commercial statements of all the coun- tries reported are as complete as it has been possible to make them. The omissions are due to the fact that some of the Republics do not keep elaborate and up-to-date records of their trade with other lands." * * * The El Paso "Herald," one of the principal newspapers of the State of Texas, published in the city where took place the famous meeting of the Presidents of the United States and Mexico, said in its issue of October 29, 1909 : "It doesn't cost much and it isn't very noisy, but the International Bureau of the American Republics at Washington brings us consider- ably nearer the day when there will be a federation of the world. The work that is being done under John Barrett's direction is so important and so far-reaching that it will take several decades for it to become generally understood or adequately acknowledged. "Through the distribution of the Monthly Bulletin, printed in four languages, the Bureau is helping to educate thousands of editors, public men, and business men in various parts of the world, especially through- out the Republics of this Hemisphere. "Every issue is like a trip of exploration into new and unknown regions. It may be that the school children nowadays are keeping up with the development of the three Americas better than was the case with the previous generations. It is to be hoped that they are. The greatest commercial opportunities of the future for the United States lie to the south of us. "The greatest barrier to closer and more profitable intercourse with the other American Republics is the lack of knowledge of each other's lan- guage. If the average American had easy command of the Spanish language, the truth about Latin America would come to him like a revelation. It seems absurd, and yet it is an undoubted fact, that Ameri- cans are apt to regard as inferior the people of every nation whose lan- guage they can not understand. The same attitude of mind that leads the housewife to shout louder and louder at the Mexican who can not un- derstand English, and finally to call him a dunce, leads the average American to depreciate the people of other nations and other tongues. "The Bureau of the American Republics prints a monthly magazine that seems to grow more interesting with every issue ; possibly the in- creasing interest is due in no small degree to the wider horizon and greater keenness of perception that come from associating through the printed word with the highly progressive nations of Latin America. "Europe knows more about South America than we do. Europe travels to South x\merica to learn how to do big things in many lines. The intelligent American can no longer afford to ignore the progress and development of the Latin Republics. The too prevalent disregard, which often seems tinged with a sort of contempt, is due not to real superiority but to ignorance. 58 "The Bureau of the American Republics, which is supported by ap- propriations by more than twenty different nations, is the most impor- tant agency of enlightenment that is at work just now to bring the American Republics to a better appreciation and understanding of each other's distinguishing merits and special opportunities. The Bureau is- a power for peace no less than for commercial expansion, inasmuch as strife is bred in suspicion and suspicion is bred in ignorance." "EI Diario," one of the newspapers of Santiago, the capital of Chile, in its issue of November 13, 1909, said: "The task undertaken by the International Bureau of the American Republics is a big as well as a laborious one. The institution is at prc?ent under the direction of Mr. John Barrett, whose name is well known to all ."Students of affairs in the southern republics. To develop- closer relations, to diffuse a better mutual knowledge among all the countries of the Continent, to prepare slowly but surely for the great fuure of America, to make this rapprochement practical, and to unite the republics in a double bond of confidence and support — such, in short, is the task of this International Bureau which, under favorable auspices, is carrying into practical application an idea of transcendent importance^ In order to appreciate the character of this gigantic enterprise, it is sufficient to run over the pages of the Bulletin published each month,, and which each month is more mteresting and suggestive. We have recently received the issue for September and have read it with the same enthusiasm as the preceding numbers for the current year. In it are embraced fully the essentially Americanist principles of the Inter- national Bureau at Washington. In it is collected information of the greatest value concerning each country, covering commercial transactions,, agricultural and industrial development, etc. From it the student may learn nuich of which he is now ignorant regarding the life and indi- vidual progress of each republic, and above all, and of greater importance than anything else, in this Bi.'LLKTIN is encountered that spirit of sin- cere and altruistic Americanism which arose in the United States some- years ago and which prevails with, such fervor throughout the nations- of America." Mr. W. W. Finley, President of the Southern Railway Com- pany, one of the largest railway corporations in the United States, at a meeting of the principal commercial organizations of New Orleans, State of Louisiana, on March 4, 1910, made the following reference to the International Bureau : "In my opinion, one of the most important things that has been ac- complished by these international conferences was the establishment by the first conference of the International Bureau of the American Re- pul)lics. Subsequent conferences have provided for the continuance of this Bureau and for the enlargement of its sphere of usefulness. It serves, in a general way, as the executive agency of the conferences, car- rying on their work in the intervals between meetings, and disseminating in each Republic information about all the others. This Bureau is now ably presided over by Hon. John Barrett, who is with us to-day, and who has recently addressed you so eloquently on the subject of the de- velopment f)f Latin-American trade." 59 Following the dedication of the new building, the "Washington Post," one of the principal newspapers of the National Capital of the United States, said in its issue of April 27, 1910: "Crowning the great work that has been done toward cementing the friendship between this country and the Republics of South America, the beautiful new home of the International Bureau of the American Republics was formally dedicated with impressive ceremonies yesterday in the presence of the President of the United States and other dis- tinguished ofificials. "The splendid edifice, which has been well described as a temple of international peace, should stand as an appropriate monument to the eflforts made by this country toward bringing commercial and political harmony throughout the Western Hemisphere. It supplies the need of a substantial and, at the same time, architecturally beautiful home for the International Bureau of the American Republics, and is a notable addition to the great group of public buildings in Washington. "No finer, higher, or more sensible aid toward preserving international peace than that contributed by the international bureau has been given by any of the world's peace societies. The international bureau, of which John Barrett is the capable director, has educated the nations of the Western Hemisphere to understand that a programme of friendship' and commercial reciprocity spells progress for all who participate in it. "This Bureau has wasted no time on Utopian theories of disarmament, and has not tried to preach the doctrine of a small navy. It has worked steadily toward a general understanding of mutual interest among all the nations, seeking to show them that there is commercial profit enough for the advantage of all, and that this may be enjoyed to the fullest extent if one nation will help another. "The President, the Secretary of State, the Mexican ambassador, Cardinal Gibbons, Senator Elihu Root, Bishop Harding, and Andrew Carnegie, whose money built the Bureau's new home, paid high tribute- to Director Barrett when they declared that to him, more than to any- other man, belonged the credit for the movement which led to the estab- lishment of this permanent abode of the International Bureau of the- American Republics." The "Washington Herald," another representative paper of Washington, said on April 27, 1910: "The new home of the Bureau of American Republics, just dedicated with notable ceremonies, is a magnificent addition to the public archi- tecture of the Capital. Its interior embellishments equal in beauty those of the Library of Congress, and, withal, the structure is an enduring monument to its founders. "Mr. Blaine's idea of bringing all the republics of this hemisphere intO' closer relationship and union is to-day realized — not in full measure, how- ever. It has developed steadily and borne fruit, but not as abundantly as it should. There have not yet come out of this Pan-Americanism all the beneficent and mutually advantageous results that are destined to come_ Its development has been slow, but sure. IliiUtUU Two OF THE Grand Corridors of the New Building. 61 "While the splendid home of the Bureau has been building, untoward conditions and events — impossible to forestall, of course — have tended in a degree to harnper, if not to check, the constructive work inaugurated by Hay and carried forward with such signal success under the pro- gressive statesmanship of Root; but the significant sentiments uttered at the dedication yesterday leave no loophole for doubt or misgivings as to the future. "President Taft and Secretary Knox are no less patriotically mindful than were their predecessors of the importance of the Latin-American problems to this country and of the common interests involved. "To Mr. Andrew Carnegie the Bureau owes a debt of gratitude for the practical, philanthropic, and statesmanlike part he is taking in the affairs of the several nations, and the genius of Director Barrett is like- wise worthy of more than passing recognition. The President's high compliment to him was richly deserved." Attention is also particularly invited to the addresses which were delivered on the occasion of the dedication of the new building, April 26, 1910, and are given in the Appendix. RATIFICATION OF CONVENTIONS. As the office of the Conferences, the International Bureau has endeavored to keep careful record of the ratification of the con- ventions signed at the Third Pan-American Conference in Rio de Janeiro. It has corresponded with each Government in this re- spect, and the Director begs to submit as complete a report as he has been able to obtain. Conventions 1. Naturalized Citizens. — Establishing status of such as again take up residence in country of origin. Ratified by Guatemala, April 20, 1907; Salvador, May 11, 1907; United States, January 13, 1908; Nicaragua, February 20. 1908 ; Colombia, August 29, 1908 ; Costa Rica, October 26, 1908. 2. Pecuniary Claims. — Confirming treaty at Mexico, January 30, 1902, with exception of third article which is abolished, and extending life of treaty to December 31, 1912. Article 3 of Treaty of Mexico reads : "The present Treaty shall not be obligatory except upon those States which have subscribed to the Convention for the Pacific settlement of the international disputes, signed at The Hague, July 29, 1899, and upon those which ratify the Protocol unanimously adopted by the Republics represented in the Second International Conference of American States, for their adherence to the Conventions signed at The Hague, July 29, 1899." 62 Ratified by United States, March 2, 1907 ; Guatemala, April 20, 1907; Salvador, May 11, 1907; Mexico, November 18, 1907; Nicaragua, February 20, 1908; Cuba, March 17, 1908; Colombia, August 29, 1908 ; Costa Rica, October 26, 1908. The United States, Guatemala, Salvador, Honduras, Peru, Mexico, Costa Rica, and Colombia approved the Treaty of Mexico. 3. International Law. — Establishing a commission of jurists to draft code ; meeting to be held in City of Rio de Janeiro. Ratified by Uruguay, March 27, 1907; Panama, April, 1907; Guatemala, April 19, 1907; Colombia, May 10, 1907; Salvador, May 11, 1907; Mexico, June 10, 1907; Dominican Republic, June 15, 1907; Brazil, December 27, 1907; United States, February 3, 1908; Nicaragua, February 20, 1908; Costa Rica, October 26, 1908 ; and Peru, , 1908. 4. Patents of Invention, Drawings and Industrial Models, Trade-Marks, and Literary and Artistic Property. Ratified by Guatemala, April 19, 1907; Salvador, May 11, 1907 ; Nicaragua, February 20, 1908 ; and Costa Rica, October 26, 1908. On February 15, 1909, Guatemala again ratified all four con- ventions. THE BUREAU AND THE RESOLUTIONS OF THE THIRD CONFERENCE. The Third Pan-American Conference, which was held at Rio de Janeiro in July, 1906, passed certain resolutions which directly or indirectly concerned the administration of the International Bureau of American Republics, and the Director now has the honor to state what has been done in the case of each resolution. The resolution under the head of "Reorganization of the Bureau of American Republics," assigned to it the following duties : 1. To compile and distribute commercial information and prepare commercial reports. — As other portions of this re- port will show, the Bureau has compiled and distributed an immense amount of commercial information, and has pre- pared, in the form of its Monthly Bulletin and special pamphlets, a very large number of commercial reports which have had a wide circulation in every part of the world. 2. To compile and classify inform.ation respecting the treaties and conventions between the American Republics, and between the latter and non-American States. — This duty has been followed in so far as the facilities, the income, and 63 the official information coming to the Bureau would permit, by publishing in the Monthly Bulletin from time to time any official reports it received in regard to treaties and conven- tions, but it has not been able to make a thorough study of this subject or to publish the material, because of the expe^ise that would be involved and of the impossibility of securing full data from the different countries although repeated ef- fort was made in this direction. If the recommendation of the Director that each government shall hereafter provide the Bureau with copies of all of its official acts is followed, it will then be feasible to execute satisfactorily this duty. 3. To supply information on educational matters. — The Bureau has done a vast amount of practical work in this direction, conducting a large correspondence with heads of educational institutions, professors, students, and writers, not only in the United States but throughout Latin America. It has been specially instrumental under this head in pro- moting the study of the Spanish and Portuguese languages and the history and development of the Latin-xA^merican countries, in the universities, colleges and secondary schools of the United States. The correspondence of the Bureau shows that, through its recommendations, there has been a large increase in the number of young men studying Span- ish and of professors and students who are visiting Latin- American countries. 4. To prepare reports on questions assigned to it by reso- lutions of the International American Conferences. — The Bureau has made an earnest effort to comply with this duty and has been repeatedly in correspondence with different governments in order to secure necessary data, although it has not been able to accomplish its purpose because the Pan- American Committees upon which it was to depend for this information have not compiled and forwarded the informa- tion required. If the recommendation of the Director, made elsewhere, is followed, providing for the detail of special men in each government to keep in touch with the Bureau and provide it with information, corresponding reports can be prepared for the next Conference. 5. To assist in obtaining the ratification of the resolutions and conventions adopted by the Conferences.— The Bureau has attended to this duty to the fullest extent possible, cor- responding with each government with reference to ratifi- cation and urging that the resolutions of the Conference should be given careful consideration. 6. To carry into effect all resolutions the execution of which may have been assigned or may hereafter be assigned to it by the International American Conferences. — The Bu- reau has executed this dutv in so far as it has been possible. 64 7. To act as a Permanent Committee of the International American Conferences, recommending topics to be included in the program of the next Conference, etc. — This duty has been executed as seen in the Report of the Committee on Program of the Governing Board. 8. To submit a report to the various governments of the work of the Bureau during the term covered since the meet- ing of the last Conference, etc. — This duty is executed in the Report of the Director of which this memorandum is a part. It was impossible to prepare this Report at an earlier date because the Director awaited the action of the Committee of the Governing Board on Program and Regulations, and also reports from the Pan-American Committees. The former have been attended to, but the latter have not been forth- coming except in the case of the United States, and this one was duly forwarded through the United States Department of State to the United States Delegation. 9. To keep the records of the International American Conference. — This duty has been carefully executed, and the records of the various Conferences are kept in the files of the Bureau. Resolution in re New Building In regard to the resolution entitled "Building for the Interna- tional Bureau of American Republics," it can be said that the recommendations of the Conference have been carried to com- pletion, and the Director includes elsewhere in this report a full statement in regard to the magnificent new building toward which Mr. Andrew Carnegie was the principal donor, and which was dedicated on April 26th of this year. Resolution re Pan-American Committees Under the head of the resolution "Recommending the creation of special divisions in the Departments of Foreign Affairs, and de- termining their functions," the Bureau has been informed that Pan-American Committees have been appointed by Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Salvador, Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and the United States. The govern- ments of Ecuador and Guatemala, the former in January. 1909, and the latter in June, 1909, announced that Pan-American Com- mittees would be appointed, but the Bureau has received no no- tice of such appointments. Resolution re Section of Commerce, etc. The resolution entitled "Section of commerce, customs, and commercial statistics" has had very careful consideration by the Director, and he has striven hard to carrv out the wishes of the 65 Conference, but he has been hampered by two important and al- most unsurmountable difficulties: First, the lack of sufficient funds to perfect the organization and employ the experts neces- sary for such a section; and second, the inability to secure from the Pan-American Committees, as defined in the resolution, the information and data necessary to carry out the intention of the resolution. While the Bureau has therefore been unable to take care of all the provisions of this resolution, it has done so much under the head of (C) in Article II that it cannot be said that the resolution was entirely neglected. (C) provides for "The greatest possible circulation of statistical and commercial data, and the greatest development and amplification of commercial re- lations between the American Republics." It can be truthfully asserted that great circulation of statistical and commercial data has been secured through the Monthly Bulletin, the special re- ports and the correspondence of the Bureau, which, in turn, have been a strong influence in amplifying the commercial relations among the American nations. Although, moreover, the techni- cal provisions of this resolution could not be carried out, the Director has established in the organization of the Bureau a division of compilation and statistics which is doing a most prac- tical work in the distribution of reliable information on commer- cial matters. Resolution re "Commercial Relations" Under the head of a resolution entitled "Commercial Rela- tions" the International Bureau is instructed to elaborate a project containing the definite bases of a contract which it may be advisable to conclude with one or more steamship companies for the establishment or maintenance of navigation lines connect- ing the principal ports of American Countries. The Bureau has made a strenuous effort in this direction, corresponding with the heads of steamship lines and others interested in improvement of conditions of communication, but it has been unable to secure any definite propositions upon which it could make recommenda- tions which would probably be approved by the American Gov- ernments. In view, moreover, of the attitude of the United States Congress on the question of subsidies, it has not been fea- sible for the Bureau to present a plan with which such attitude might be at variance, and therefore make any recommendation inoperative because of lack of government approval. The Direc- tor is glad to state, however, that at this very writing he has been in conference with various high officials of the United States, and with several capitalists, with reference to a plan for im- proved steamship facilities between North and South America^ which may result in greatly improving the present service, even though it does not come under the head of any subsidy law. 66 Resolution re "Natural Resources" Under tlie resolution entitled "Natural Resources" it is pro- vided that the Bureau should establish, as a part of its section of Commerce, Customs and Commercial Statistics, a special serv- ice division to facilitate the development of the natural resources, etc., of the American Republics, to gather in- formation to be regularly published in the Bulletins of the Bureau, and to submit a memoir under this reso- lution to the next Pan-American Conference. Although, as already stated, the section of Commerce, Customs and Com- mercial Statistics was not actually created, the Bureau has 'in a large measure carried out the first part of the provisions of this resolution. The Monthly Bulletin has been a very complete rec- ord of all trustworthy information obtainable on natural re- sources, projected public works and local conditions under which it is possible to obtain from the American Governments conces- sions of mines, lands, forests, etc. The Bureau has also provided much information on these subjects to the different governments. It has not prepared a memoir because in this respect again it did not have the experts, the income or the co-operation of the Com- mittees of the different governments necessary to get together sufficient data to submit a report that would have a comprehen- sive character. Resolution re "Fluctuations in Exchange" The resolution entitled "Fluctuations in Exchange" provided that the respective governments should make a study of this question and forward their reports to the International Bureau, which, in turn, would prepare a resume to be submitted to the next Conference. As none of the Governments complied with the provisions of this resolution, it was impossible for the Bureau to execute its duty. Recommendations to the Conference. In the light of the above statement, the Director begs to make certain recommendations to the Conference relative to duties that may be imposed upon the Bureau in the future. First: Some positive provision should be made by which the various governments will, without fail and as soon as possible after the adjournment of the Conference, begin to prepare the data for submission to the International Bureau which it must have in order to execute its duty. Second : There should be careful consideration of the ex- pense involved, and, if necessary, provision made that the governments will increase their quotas so that the work can 67 be cared for. A mere recommendation of the Conference on this point will not suffice, because, if the governments do not comply with the recommendation, the Bureau will not have the means to employ the expert labor. Third: It would seem advisable, in the case of each duty imposed on the Bureau, that some discretionary power as to its execution should be left with the Governing Board, con- sisting of the diplomatic representatives of the American Republics in Washington, upon whom rests the responsi- bility of the administration, through the Director, of the Bureau, and the making up of the budget of its expenses. After the Conference adjourns the delegates who sign the resolution have no more authority, and the obligation must rest with the Governing Board for the carrying out of the resolution. Fourth : In view, moreover, of all the responsibility rest- ing on the Governing Board, after the Conference adjourns, in caring for the administration of the Bureau, it is hoped that the Conference will not deem it advisable to recommend details in regard to the Bureau's administration, or the crea- tion of various sections and subdivisions, but rather leave anything of this kind to the Governing Board which \yill work out the problem of administration in the' best "way it can. If the Board and the Director are hampered and han- dicapped by-too m.any-prov-t&ion-s-of-thi^-natureT-t-lie-usef-u-lnes-s- of the Bureau will be greatly limited, and instead of being able to do certain important things well and thoroughly, it will be obliged to do many things without thoroughness. RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING THE CONFER- ENCE PROGRAM.* The first and second subjects expect no comment. Under the third subject the Director recommends that there shall be very careful consideration of the functions of the Pan- American Committees, and their practical relationship to their own foreign offices, and also to the International Bureau. This point is also touched upon elsewhere in this report in the con- sideration of the resolutions of the last Conference. The fourth subject is discussed elsewhere, under the head of "Organization of the International Bureau," and attention is par- ticularly and earnestly requested to its recommendations. In considering the fifth subject, the Conference is invited to read that section of this report which refers tothe new build- ing, and also the correspondence covering the gift of Mr. Car- negie, which is quoted in the Appendix. The official program is given in the Appendix. The Patio of the New Building as seen from the Entrance Corridor. Looking Down one or the Grand Stairways of the New Building. 69 The Pan-American Railway The Pan-American Railway, which is the sixth subject, has been carefully covered by a report of Honorable Henry G. Davis, Chairman of the Pan-American Railway Committee, and a delegate of the United States to the First and Second Pan- American Conferences. This report was submitted by him to the United States Delegation, which may see fit to lay it before the Conference. The correspondence of the Bureau shows that there is a remarkable growth of interest in the proposed Pan- American Railway, and that extensive new railroad construc- tion, now being planned or started in Mexico, Central America and Panama, will do much toward the achievement of some practical results in this great enterprise. The linking up of the Mexican with the Guatemalan system, the building of a road from David to Panama City in Panama, the construction of a short electric line at Cali in the Cauca Valley of Colombia, the extension of the Guayaquil-Quito road in Ecuador, the connect- ing of Cuzco in Peru with the line from Mollendo, the large amount of railroad building that has been done in Bolivia, the longitudinal line in Chile, and the extension of the Argentine system into Bolivia, supplemented by new construction in Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay on the south, and plans for roads in Venezuela, all point unmistakably to the uniting of the American Republics by railroads which in time will form a part of the Pan-American system. Reference is made under a separate head of this report to steamship and mail service, which is the seventh subject. Consular Invoices and Commercial Statistics The eighth topic, judging from the correspondence of the Bureau with all parts of the world, is entitled to the most serious attention of the Conference. Complaints are continually being filed with the Bureau by the exporters and importers of every one of the American nations against the differences in consular documents and in the technical requirements of customs regu- lations at the different ports of the countries. If there could be some agreement upon the form of a consular invoice, the busi- ness men of every country would applaud the work of the Con- ference. In respect to census and commercial statistics, it can be said that there is an urgent need of more uniformity in these. The International Bureau is probably in a better position than any one government to emphasize the need of this because it is con- stantly receiving not only from American but from European, and even Asiatic governments, as well as from officials, business 70 men, special investigators, writers and others, inquiries for com- parative information, which it is ahnost impossible to answer properly because of the wide difterences among the republics in census and commercial statistics. In this connection the Direc- tor has to state that it has been the custom of the Bureau for a number of years to publish in the July number of its Monthly Bulletin a careful resume of trade and commercial statistics of all of the countries for the preceding year, each one given separately. Despite every effort to secure the co-operation of different governments, their consular officers, and others, it has been a herculean task to get together in satisfactory form data which would be both useful and reliable. It is now the intention of the Director at the beginning of the year to address a circular letter to each of the governments, en- closing a blank form to be filled in by the proper statistical of- ficer and covering the main items of foreign trade and commerce, each under its appropriate head as set out in the blank form. Identical questions will be sent to each country. By this means the Bureau will be better able to meet the obligations imposed upon it by the Conferences in publishing complete data, and this data will be more valuable to investigators and as an advertise- ment of the progress of the countries, because it will be more uniform. It will be of special value to students of comparative statistics, and may furnish a starting point for making uniform the publication of the statistics of the different countries. Sanitary Police and Quarantine As for the ninth subject, it can be said that the future of com- mercial exchange along certain portions of the West Coast of South America, of the Caribbean shores, and of some points upon the East Coast of South America, depends largely upon the absolute elimination of diseases wliich put vessels in quaran- tine. The records and the correspondence of the International Bureau show how large numbers of investors, business men and travelers have kept away from countries and ports possessing large resources and offering great opportunities for capital and commerce, simply because the sanitary conditions are discourag- ing. Especially is it important now, with the approaching open- ing of the Panama Canal, that some practical results should be achieved for the successful sanitation of infected ports. No country or port can object to such sanitation, because it will pay for itself many times over in the additional trade and prosperity which will follow. In the collection of books and reports which the representative of the International Bureau has taken to the Pan-American Conference are the reports of the various Sani- tary Congresses with their recommendations on this subject. 71 Patents, Trade-Marks and Copyrights The tenth subject is one of present importance to every one of the repubHcs, and it is to be hoped that some convention can be drawn up and signed v^hich will be practical and therefore readily approved by the majority of the governments. The Bureau is overwhelmed with letters from manufacturers, inventors and writers, not only living in the United States and Europe but in different Latin-American countries, asking for the specific laws covering patents and trade-marks and copyrights in this or that republic. The eleventh subject requires no discussion on the part of the Director. Interchange of Professors and Students Referring to the twelfth subject, in the exercise of its broad responsibilities the International Bureau, through its correspond- ence and through the conferences of the Director with presidents of universities and colleges and the heads of student organiza- tions, both in the United States and Latin America, has en- deavored to awaken interest in some plan which will lead to the interchange of professors and students among the universities and secondary schools of the American republics. There is little doubt in the mind of the Director that good results can be ex- pected if the Conference will formulate some plan which is ca- pable of being successfully worked out. At least a score of presidents of universities in the United States have expressed to the Bureau their willingness to co-operate in this movement, and corresponding encouragement has been received from the heads of the principal high educational institutions of Latin America. The number of students already coming to the United States from Latin-American countries is considerable, and there is a growing desire among students of languages, governmental, economic and political questions, and historical subjects, in the universities of the United States, to continue their studies in Latin-American institutions where the environment will enable them to enjoy the best of training and to make special investiga- tions. Reference is made to the Pan-American Scientific Congress, the thirteenth subject, under the head of "Central American, Sanitary, and Scientific Conferences." The fourteenth subject is considered under the head of "The Panama Canal and the Pan-American Conference." The fifteenth subject requires no recommendation from the Director, beyond the observation that, if a future conference ever meets in Washington, it will find an ideal building, in the new home of the Bureau, specially adapted for its sessions. CENTRAL AMERICAN, SANITARY, AND SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES. One of the activities of the Bureau wliich at times during the last few years has demanded considerable attention on its part is that of co-operating in the arrangements for various confer- ences other than the International Conferences of American States. They have within their sphere much importance, and should be mentioned in a report of this kind. Central Amed-ican Conference In November, 1907, there met in Washington, and held its sessions in the rooms of the International Bureau, a Conference of the Central American States, attended by delegates from Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and El Salvador, and also having present representatives from the United States and Mexico. This Conference established the Central American Court of Justice, with headquarters at Cartago in Costa Rica, and provided for the organization of an International Central American Bureau, which was inaugurated at Guatemala City on September 16, 1908, with imposing ceremonies. The Court of Justice at Cartago had successfully performed the duties im- posed upon it, and was about to move into a beautiful new building, for which Mr. Andrew Carnegie generously gave $100,- 000, when it was destroyed. May 4, 1910, by the earthquake, which wrought extensive destruction in Costa Rica. The Inter- national Central American Bureau, while not conflicting with the older institution in Washington, was created on the same broad lines and principles as the International Bureau of the Ameri- can Republics, thus showing how the influence of this institution has been recognized in the development of Pan-American peace and friendship, and it is now doing a useful and practical work. International Sanitary Conferences The Third International Sanitary Conference of the Ameri- can Republics was held in the City of Mexico in the first week of December, 1907. There were present delegates from Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Hon- duras, Mexico, Nicaragua, El Salvador, United States, and Uru- guay. The International Bureau of the American Republics made most of the preliminary arrangements for this Conference, and had charge of publishing the report thereof, which has had a large circulation. The Fourth International Sanitary Con- ference was held in San Jose, the capital of Costa Rica, in the last week of December, 1909, and the first week of January, 1910. There were present delegates from Chile, Colombia, Costa 73 Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador, United States, and Venezuela. The report of this Conference is now being prepared and will soon be published. The Pan-American Scientific Congress The Pan-American Scientific Congress met in Santiago, the capital of Chile, in the latter part of December, 1908, and the early part of January, 1909. This was a most successful Con- gress, and was attended by delegates from the majority of the American republics. Its deliberations were considered so im- portant that the Governing Board deemed it wise to incorporate in the program of the Fourth International Conference of the American Republics the consideration of a resolution referring to the work accomplished by it. There have been other international congresses which have been attended by delegates from many of the American Repub- lics, but those mentioned above are the only ones with which the International Bureau had an intimate association. This re- capitulation does not include gatherings that met prior to the last International Conference of Rio de Janeiro in 1906, such as the Customs Congress held in New York in January, 1903, and the Coffee Congress held in the same city in October, 1902. THE COLUMBUS MEMORIAL LIBRARY. A most useful subdivision of the International Bureau of the American Republics is the Columbus Memorial Library. It is deserving of your special interest and of your efforts to awaken the co-operation of your governments in making it the most com- prehensive and useful collection of its kind in the world. The Second Pan-American Conference, held in Mexico in the winter of 1901-2, gave it its present name as a memorial to the great Columbus, but its size is as yet hardly worthy of that name, mainly because there has been a lack of funds to purchase books, and a lack of help from the various governments in adding to the volumes upon its shelves. The total number of books and pamphlets now in the library is 18,727, but the fireproof stack room provided in the new building has space for 175,000 volumes. Although it is made up largely of ofificial publications of the dif- ferent republics, works of history, description and travel relating to them, it is so far from being complete in these respects that a special efifort should be made during the next few years to en- large it alone these lines. 75 Report of the Librarian The acting librarian, in his annual report, says : "During the year just closed the library received, from all sources, 2,795 volumes and pamphlets, divided as f ollovirs : By gift and exchange (688 volumes and 663 pamphlets), 1,351; by purchase (122 volumes and 24 pamphlets), 146; peri- odicals bound during the year, 130; review books (from "Bul- letin") (54 volumes and 3 pamphlets), 57; duplicates (424 vol- umes and 687 pamphlets), 1,111; total receipts, volumes and pamphlets, 2,795. Number of volumes and pamphlets on the shelves at last re- port, 17,043. Additions during present year: 810 volumes, 687 pamphlets,. 130 bound periodicals, 57 review books. Total, 1,684. Total volumes and pamphlets now in the Library, 18,727. These volumes and pamphlets have all been accessioned, cata- logued, and classified. In addition we received 196 maps, mak- ing a total of 846 now on file, two atlases, making a total of 60 in the Library, 2,941 photographs from all parts of Latin Ameri- ca, 14 photographic albums, and 40,805 daily, weekly and monthly newspapers and magazines. In the cataloguing and indexing 6,084 cards were made, and 476 volumes were bound during the year. Some of these figures, when compared to the receipts of last year, make a very creditable showing. For instance, we received 9,261 more newspapers and magazines, over 2,CX)0 more photo- graphs, and 185 more publications were bound. The Library's subscription list now numbers 16. The loan collections of the Library were somewhat augment- ed by additions from Senator Elihu Root of several hundred volumes relating to Brazil and the Argentine Republic, and from Seiior Luis F. Corea, former Minister from Nicaragua, who de- posited 75 volumes of standard English works and reference books in the Libarary. During the year our supply of the list of books relating to the classifications of "History and description" became exhausted and a new edition was made. We also compiled a supplernent to this pamphlet, consisting of 34 pages, which included all titles under these headings received up to July 1st, 1909. The demand for both of these publications continues active. To enable the Columbus Memorial Library to properly fulfill the purpose for which it was established by the International American Conferences, it should contain all books published re- lating to Latin America. Even with ample funds it would neces- sarily take years to accumulate such a collection, but there are many publications which we do not have but which come within the present scope of the Library, are needed in the work of the 76 International Bureau, and might readily be obtained from second- hand book stores. As colleges, libraries, and private individuals are rapidly securing the available out-of-print publications so badly needed here, I have the honor to suggest that fifteen hun- dred dollars be set aside to be used in purchasing such books, and of initiating the work of making such a collection." Recommendation to the Conference I therefore have the honor to make the recommendation that the members of the Governing Board and the delegates to the Conference shall urge upon their respective governments to make special provision, either by statutory action or by order of the authorized official, which will cause each government to send duplicate copies of all of its official publications to the Interna- tional Bureau immediately upon their coming from the press. In that way the Columbus Memorial Library will not only become an international hall of records, but it will be the headquarters of the world for securing official and reliable information in re- gard to the laws, codes, statutes, and all governmental action of the American nations. The great possibilities of such a central collection are already indicated by the correspondence which the Bureau is receiving not only from every part of the United States, but from all sections of Latin America, Europe and even Asia, Africa and Australasia. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE BUREAU. The International Bureau of the American Republics is the creature of the three International Conferences held respectively in Washington, D. C, 1889-90, in Mexico City 1901-02, and in Rio de Janeiro, 1906. It does not exist in consequence of any direct legislative act of the United States of America, in which it is located, or of any other country contributing to its support ex- cept only as the budgets and appropriation bills of the dififerent countries have provided funds for its maintenance during a period of twenty years. In the First International Conference a resolution was unani- mously adopted, on March 29, 1890, in the following words: "That the governments here represented shall unite for the establish- ment of an American International Bureau for the collection, tabulation, and publication, in the English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages, of information as to the productions and commerce and as to the customs n laws and regulations of their respective countries ; such bureau to be maintained in one of the countries for the common benefit and at the common expense, and to furnish to all the other countries such com- mercial statistics and other useful information as may be contributed to it by any of the American republics. That the Committee on Customs Regulations be authorized and instructed to furnish to the Conference a plan of organization and a scheme for the practical work of the pro- posed bureau." Recommendations of the First Committee In accordance with this resolution the Committee considered the matter and made certain recommendations in a report of which the following is a brief resume : (a) That there shall be formed by the countries represented in this Conference an association under the title of "The International Union of the American Republics," for the prompt collection and distribution of commercial information. (b) This Union shall be represented by a bureau established in the city of Washington, under the supervision of the Secretary of State of the United States, which bureau shall be charged with the care of all transactions and publications and that of all correspondence pertaining to the International Union. (c) The bureau shall be called "The Commercial Bureau of the Ameri- can Republics," and its organ be a publication entitled "The Bulletin of the Commercial Bureau of the American Republics." The Bulletin shall be printed in the English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages. Its con- tents shall consist of: (a) Customs tariffs and changes; (b) Port regula- tions and customs procedure; (c) Commercial and parcel post treaties; (d) Statistics of commerce, production, and other information of special interest to merchants and shippers of the represented countries. (d) That the represented countries shall furnish to the Bureau official documents and laws, statistics, etc., for publication ; that the Bureau shall supply information upon the subjects mentioned, to interested parties. (e) The maximum expense to be incurred in the establishment of the Bureau, and its annual maintenance, shall be $36,000. The report fur- nished a detailed estimate for the personnel of the Bureau, consisting of a Director and nine other employees, at annual salaries aggregating: $22,000, and for office expenses and for the publication of the Bulletin, $14,000; the Government of the United States to advance to the Inter- national Union a fund of $36,000, or so much of that amount as may be required for the expense of the Bureau during its first year, and a like sum for each subsequent year of its existence. It was provided that the $36,000 cost of maintaining the Bureau should be apportioned among all of the countries in proportion to their population, and that the assess- ments upon this basis, due from the Latin-American countries, should be returned to the United States which was to advance the full amount. The total of assessments for the first year embodied in the report assessed the United States $18,806, and the Latin-American countries $17,194. (f) That the Secretary of State of the United States be requested to organize and establish the Bureau as soon as practicable after a majority of the countries represented had officially signified their consent to join the Union. That the Union shall continue in force for ten years, and,, unless denounced thereafter, for successive periods of ten years. 79 The Report of Committee Adopted and Director Named The report of the Committee was unanimously adopted by the Conference, and a majority of the countries represented soon after officially notified the Secretary of State of the United States of their adherence to the resolution. Subsequently, all of the eighteen countries represented in the Conference so notified the Secretary of State. These countries comprised all the then existing American republics with the exception of the Dominican Republic. Subsequently the Dominican Republic joined the Union, as did later Cuba and Panama. This report of the Com- mittee adopted by the First Conference is the original charter of the Bureau. On August 26, 1890, Mr. William E. Curtis was appointed the first Director and instructed to organize the Bureau. This was done by Mr. Curtis, and the publication of the Bulletin and of handbooks descriptive of the countries of the Union was imme- diately begun. Mr. Curtis continued as Director until May 18, 1893, when he was succeeded by Mr. Clinton Furbish, who held the office until March 29, 1897. The Bureau Made International In accordance with the report or fundamental charter the Bu- reau was under the direct control of the Secretary of State of the United States. In practice, it was found that this provision of the charter to a large extent nullified the international charac- ter intended to be stamped upon the Bureau by the First Con- ference. The Secretary of State of the United States, the Honorable Richard Olney, on April 1, 1896, called a meeting, of the diplo- matic representatives in Washington of the countries supporting the Bureau, for the purpose of a consultation regarding its af- fairs. At this meeting a Committee, consisting of Sehor Don Matias Romero, Minister of Mexico, Sefior Don Salvador Men- donca. Minister of Brazil, Sefior Don Jose Andrade, Minister of \''enezuela, Sefior Don Antonio Lazo, Minister of Guatemala, and Sehor Don Joaquin B. Calvo, then Charge d'Afifaires of Costa Rica, was appointed to draft a plan for the reorganization of the Bureau. On June 4, 1896, the Committee reported, recommend- ing the creation of an Executive Committee of five members, the chairman of which was to be the Secretary of State of the United States, and the other four members to be taken in rotation from the Latin-American countries. This Committe was to act as a board of supervision of the administration of the Bureau. The recommendations of this report were agreed upon, and thus be- came the first modification or change in the original charter. On March 18, 1899, at a meeting of the diplomatic represent- atives of the supporting countries, a further enlargement of the 80 plan of the original charter was agreed upon. The Executive Committee, consisting of the Secretary of State of the United States as ex officio chairman, and four representatives of the Latin-American countries (the four to be chosen in rotation from all the supporting countries), in addition to having advisory pow- ers was given the power to appoint the Director, Secretary and permanent translators of the Bureau, to fix their salaries and to dismiss them whenever it seemed advisable so to do. The method of appointment was provided by the plan then adopted and the duties of the Director and subordinates prescribed. The Executive Committee was, by the plan adopted, charged with the duty of general supervision and perfecting of the man- agement of the Bureau. This was the second change in the original charter and the one that, in truth, made the Bureau in- ternational in its character as was intended by the First Con- ference. Action of Second and Third Conferences At the Second Conference, which met in the city of Mexico on October 22, 1901, and adjourned January 31, 1902, a resolution was adopted on January 29, 1902, for the reorganization of the Bureau. In Article I of this resolution it is provided that the International Bureau of the American Republics shall be under the management of a Governing Board, which shall consist of the Secretary of State of the United States of America, who shall be its chairman, and of the diplomatic representatives of all the gov- ernments represented in the Bureau and accredited to the Gov- ernment of the United States of America. The resolution con- tained thirteen articles and provided in detail for the manage- ment of the Bureau, and conferred upon the Governing Board full power over its afifairs. The name of the Bureau was changed from "The Commercial Bureau of the American Republics" to "The International Bureau of the American Republics." The Third International Conference, which met in Rio de Janeiro on July 21st and adjourned August 26th, 1906, adopted on August 19th a resolution, signed by all of the delegates, for the reorganization of the Bureau. This resolution did not change in any particular the essentials of the resolution of Mexico City so far as the government, its character as an international insti- tution, and the work to be performed by it, was concerned. It did change many of the details of administration within the Bu- reau, and imposed upon it additional work. Financial Support of the Bureau A brief outline of the financial contributions to the Bureau by which it has been able to exist and continue its work, is as fol- lows: 81 In response to the resolution of the First Conference, the United States of America, on July 14, 1890, appropriated $36,000 for the maintenance of the Bureau for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1891. For the fiscal years ending June 30, 1892, 1893, and 1894, appropriations were made by the United States of $36,000, $30,000, and $30,000 respectively. All of these amounts, it will be understood, covered the proportion of the United States and also advances on account of the other countries. The quotas from these countries, when paid, reverted to the United States. Beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1905, the con- tributions of the United States assumed a different character and have since been for fixed amounts irrespective of the contribu- tions of the other countries, and have always been in excess of the proportion of the United States on the basis of population. For the year 1895-6 this contribution was $23,000, and for the three years following, for each year, $28,000. Beginning with 1898 and down to the fiscal year ending June 30, 1908, the United States' contribution was $36,000. For the year ending June 30, 1909, it was $54,000; for the year ending June 30, 1910, $56,000, and for the year to come, ending June 30, 1911, $75,000. The Quotas of Latin America Meanwhile, the contributions of the Latin-American countries have always remained from the beginning and down to the com- ing fiscal year, ending June 30, 1911, upon the basis of a total fixed amount apportioned according to population, always includ- ing the United States in the calculation. The quotas varied from year to year as in the calculation was included new population statistics. This contribution from the Latin-American countries has averaged about $16,000 a year down to the fiscal year ending June 30, 1908. For all of these years it was calculated on a basis of $36,000 for all the countries, including the United States. For . the two vears 1908-09, and 1909-10, the basis was raised to $54,000. 'This made the contributions from the Latin- American countries $23,774.46. For the coming year the basis is raised to $125,000, and the proportion of the Latin-American countries fixed at $50,000. The change in the amount of contributions, largely increasing the sum both from the United States and from the Latin-Ameri- can countries, has occurred during the administration of the pres- ent Director. In this connection attention is called to the table of present quotas given in the Appendix. 82 The Directors of the Bureau Since its establishment there have been in all seven Directors of the Bureau, as follows : William E. Curtis, 1890-1893. Clinton Furbish, 1893-1897. Joseph P. Smith, 1897-1898. Frederic Emory, 1898-1899. W. W. Rockhill, 1899-1905. Williams C. Fox, 1905-1907. John Barrett, 1907 . IVilliam E. Curtis (1890-1893) is one of the most distinguished newspaper correspondents in the world and has been for a long time connected with the editorial stafif of the Chicago Record- Herald. He was executive officer of the First Pan-American Conference, Special Commissioner of the United States to Latin America, Chief of the Latin-American Department at the Chicago Exposition, and is now a member of the permanent Pan-Ameri- can Committee of the United States. Clinton Furbish (1893-1897), Joseph P. Smith (1897-1898), and Frederick Emory (1898-1899), who are now dead, were emi- nent publicists and held high positions in the official life of Wash- ington. William W. Rockhill (1899-1905) is one of the most experi- enced and best-known members of the diplomatic service of the United States. He is now Ambassador of that country to Rus- sia, and before going to St. Petersburg had served as Minister in China and Greece. He was also once Assistant Secretary of State, and he is regarded as an authority on all things Chinese and Oriental. Williams C. Fox (1905-1907) is now United States Minister to Ecuador, where he has been in charge of most important and delicate negotiations. Before that he was Consul at Brunswick, Germany, and for a long time connected with the staff of the In- ternational Bureau, representing it at both the Second Pan-Amer- ican Conference in Mexico and Third Conference at Rio de ' Janeiro. John Barrett (1907 ), the present Director, has been United States Minister to Siam in Asia, and also to the countries of Argentina, Panama, and Colombia, respectively, in Latin America. He was a Delegate of the United States to the Second Pan-American Conference in Mexico, and Commissioner-Gen- eral to Foreign Nations of the St. Louis World's Fair. Mr. Bar- rett resigned his position as United States Minister to Colombia, after having been elected unanimously by the Governing Board of the International Bureau, to take the position of its Director 83 and to reorganize it in accordance with the plan adopted at the Third Pan-American Conference in Rio, and following the return -of Honorable Elihu Root, then Secretary of State, from his trip around South America. The Secretary of the Bureau, who is also Secretary of the Governing Board, is Mr. Francisco J. Yanes, a Venezuelan by birth, who has long been associated with the Bureau in respon- sible positions and before that had been in the diplomatic and consular service of Venezuela. Several other members of the staff holding responsible places are also Latin Americans. CONCLUSION. In bringing this report to a close the Director respectfully asks the indulgence of the delegates for omission of subjects which in their opinion should have been included, and for giving space ■or too much attention to other subjects which from their view- point required no discussion. He has done the best he could under the circumstances, and will be most grateful for sugges- tions that any member of the Conference may make to him, of- ficially or personally, for the good of the International Bureau of the American Republics and for the development of Pan- American commerce, friendship and good understanding. It is no small task to be an officer of twenty-one different gov- ■ernments and give due attention and consideration to the inter- ests of all. The most the Director can say is that he has labored, as never before in his life, in his efforts to reorganize and build up the Bureau so that every American Republic will not only be proud of it as it now exists, but desirous of continuing and im- proving its usefulness. Perfection of administration is an ideal which the Director does not expect to realize in the short time he may be allowed to direct the affairs of the Bureau, but he hopes, with the cooperation and support of all the American Republics, and with the official and personal concern of each member of his Governing Board and of each delegate of the Conference, to evolve such a degree of efficiency in the work of the Bureau that every American Republic will feel amply re- warded for its annual appropriation for its support and main- tenance. The directorship of the Bureau which came to the Director in a way which made him feel that it was his duty to accept in the face of other tempting opportunities in public and private life, and which he has continued to hold despite the fascination of more lucrative unofficial positions, has developed in him a respect and even affection for Latin-American peoples and resulted in 84 friendships with the members of the Governing Board and with other representative Latin Americans which far more than com- pensate any material sacrifice on his part. The Director, as a final word, wishes to emphasize the cordial co-operation, sympathy and support which he has always received from every Ambassador, Minister and Charge d'Affaires on the Governing Board. As, moreover, it is necessary for him to con- fer frequently in regard to the business of the Bureau with the Chairman of the Board, the Secretary of State of the United States, Mr. Knox, or, in his absence, with the Assistant Secretary of State, Mr. Huntington Wilson, the Director desires to mention the characteristic courtesy and patience with which they have always granted him interviews and the interest they have invari- ably manifested in Pan-American affairs. He also would specifically refer to the untiring devotion to his duties which the Secretary of the Bureau and of the Gov- erning Board, Mr. Francisco J. Yanes, has always shown, and to the loyalty of the other members of the staff who individual- ly and collectively have done their part towards its evolution into a powerful and practical international agency for the ad- vancement of Pan American peace, friendship and commerce. Respectfully submitted. John Barrett, Director. Washington, D. C, U. S. A., July 12, 1910. Old Building of the International Bureau of American Re- publics, CORNER Pennsylvania Avenue and Lafayette Square, Washington, D. C, Occupied for nearly Twenty Years. « APPENDIX 89 GOVERNING BOARD OF THE INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. June, 1910. United States Mexico Brazil Costa Rica Bolivia Argentine Republic Peru Ecuador Uruguay Guatemala Salvador Chile Honduras Mr. Philander C. Knox, Secretary of State, Chairman ex-ofUcio. Senor Don Francisco Leon de la Barra, Am- bassador. Mr. Joaquim Nabuco, Ambassador (died Jan- uary 13, 1910). Mr. R. de Lima E. Silva, Charge d' Affaires. Senor Don Joaquin Bernardo Calvo, Minister Senor Don Ignacio Calderon, Minister. Senor Don Epifanio Portela, Minister (absent). Senor Don Jacinto L. Villegas, Charge d' Af- faires ad interim. Senor Don Felipe Pardo, Minister. Senor Don Luis Feupe Carbo, Minister. Senor Doctor Luis Melian Lafinur, Minister. Senor Doctor Luis Toledo Herrarte, Minister (absent). Senor Don Francisco Sanchez Latour, Charge d'Affaires. Senor Don Fedp;rico Mejia, Minister (absent). Legation in charge of Minister of Costa Rica. Senor Don Anibal Cruz, Minister (absent). Senor Don Alberto Yoacham, Charge d'Affaires ad interim. Luis Lazo Arriaga, Minister E. Paredes, Minister on Panama Haiti Senor Doctor (absent). Senor General Juan Special Mission. Senor Don C. C. Arosemena, Minister. M. H. Pauleus Sannon, Minister (absent). M. Price-Mars, Charge d'Affaires ad interim. Venezuela Dominican Republic Colombia Cuba Senor Doctor Pedro Ezequiel Rojas, Minister. Senor Don Emilio C. Joubert, Minister. Senor Don Francisco de P. Borda, Minister. Senor Doctor Francisco Carrera Justiz, Min- ister. Paraguay Not represented. Nicaragua Not represented. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS. John Barrett, The Director of the International Bureau of the American Republics. Francisco J. Yanes, Secretary of the Interna- tional Bureau and of the Governing Board. 90 PROGRAM OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE AMERICAN STATES TO BE HELD AT Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic, July 10, 1910. I. The organization of the Conference. II. Commemoration of the Argentine National Centenary and of the Inde- pendence of the American Republics as suggested by the fact that many of those nations celebrate their national centenaries in 1910 and neigh- boring years. III. Submission and consideration of the reports of each delegation as to the action of their respective governments upon the Resolutions and Con- ventions of the Third Conference held at Rio de Janeiro in July, 1906, including a report upon the results accomplished by the Pan-American Committees and the consideration of the extension of their functions. IV. Submission and consideration of the report of the Director of the In- ternational Bureau of the American Republics, together with considera- tion of the present organization and of recommendations for the possible extension and improvement of its efficiency. V. Resolution expressing appreciation to Mr. Andrew Carnegie of his gen- erous gift for the construction of the new building of the American Re- publics in Washington. VI. Report on the progress which has been made on the Pan-American Railway since the Rio Conference, and consideration of the possibility of co-operative action among the American Republics to secure the com- pletion of the system. 91 VII. Consideration of the conditions under which the establishment of more rapid mail, passenger and express steamship service between the American Republics can be secured. VIII. Consideration of measures which will lead to uniformity among the American Republics in consular documents and the technical requirements of customs regulations, and also in census and commercial statistics. IX. Consideration of the recommendations of the Pan-American Sanitar> Congresses in regard to Sanitary Police and quarantine and of such ad« ditional recommendations as may tend to the elimination of preventable diseases. X. Consideration of a practicable arrangement between the American Re- publics covering patents, trade-marks and copyrights. XI. Consideration of the continuance of the treaties on Pecuniary Claims after their expiration. XII. Consideration of a plan to promote the interchange of professors and students among the universities and academies of the American Republics. XIII. Resolution in appreciation of the Pan-American Scientific Congress,, held in Santiago, Chile, December, 1908. XIV. Resolution instructing the Governing Board of the International Bureau of the American Republics to consider and recommend the manner in which the American Republics may see fit to celebrate the opening of the Panama Canal. XV. Future Conferences. Adopted by the Committee on Program November 6th and ap- proved by the Governing Board of the International Bureau of the American Republics at the meeting of November 10, 1909. (S) P. C. Knox, Chairman ex officio^ (S.) Francisco J. Yanes, Secretary. 92 BUDGET 1910-11. Estimated Receipts and Expenditures for the Fiscal Year be- ginning July 1, 1910, as Submitted by the Director and Approved by the Governing Board. Receipts. From appropriation, or quota, of the United States $75,000 From quotas of the Latin-American Republics 50,000 Total $125,000 Expenditures. Salaries and wages of official staff, including executive officers, translators, statistical experts, compilers, editors of Bul- letin, stenographers and typewriters, mail and file clerks, accountants, lilDrarians, and lesser employees, including messengers, doorkeepers, laborers, etc $52,000 Maintenance of new building, including engineers, firemen, clean- ers, coal, electric light, repairs and depreciation, based on careful estimate of cost of other buildings 14,500 *MonthIy Bulletin — expenses outside of United States Govern- ment Printing Office — engraving, lithographing, photo- graphs, paper, and preparation of articles, etc 14,000 Immediate and necessary additions to staff, including statistical experts, English-Spanish stenographers, and assistants in library 9,000 New equipment, including desks, tables, chairs, rugs, library shelves, file cases, typewriting machines, addressographs, mimeographs, horse or motor conveyance, etc 8,000 Publicity expenses, propaganda descriptive of the American re- publics, off.cial entertainment, etc 4,500 Traveling and general expenses of representatives of Bureau in different countries of Latin America and the United States 4,000 Printing outside of the United States Government Printing Office, covering handbooks, reports, maps, pamphlets, etc 3,500 Carrying out work imposed on the Bureau by the Pan-American Conference, and attendance of representative of the Bureau at same 3,000 Stationery and supplies 3,000 Library, purchase of books, binding of newspapers, card index- ing, etc 2,500 Cablegrams and telegrams 1,600 Expressage, drayage, carriage and automobile hire 1,500 Postage to foreign countries 750 Flags and escutcheons 500 Storage of exhibits, etc 150 Miscellaneous small expenses 2,500 Total $125,000 *Tt is hoped that several thousand dollars will be realized this ensuing year from paid subscriptions for the Bulletin now required, according to the new regulations, in order to pay for necessary improvements in paper and material, the collection of new and useful commercial data, illustrations, and statistical diagrams and drawings; otherwise the item or amount apportioned under this head will be much too small. 93 QUOTAS OF THE 21 AMERICAN REPUBLICS FOR THE SUPPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL BU- REAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1910-11 AS APPROVED BY THE GOVERNING BOARD. Population.* Quotas.f Argentina 5,026,913 $ 4,187.88 Bolivia 1,816,271 1,513.12 Brazil 16,330,216 13,604.55 Chile 3,500,000 2,915.82 Colombia 3,639,458 3,031.99 Costa Rica 334,297 278.49 Cuba 1,722,953 1,435.38 Ecuador 1,300,000 1,083.04 Guatemala 1,364,678 1,136.89 Haiti 1,400,000 1,166.34 Honduras 543,741 452.99 Mexico 13,607,259 11,336.09 Nicaragua 423,200 352.58 Panama 360,542 300.39 Paraguay 635,571 529.49 Peru 2,971,844 2,475.86 Repubiica Dominicana 610,000 508.19 Salvador 1,006,848 838.79 Uruguay 1,100,000 916.39 Venezuela 2,323,527 1,935.73 Total Latin America 60,017,318 $50,000,00 JUnited States of America 90,000,000 $75,000.00 Total Pan-America (approximate) 150,000,000 $125,000.00 *It was impossible when the Budget was approved to secure official statements covering the latest figures as to population. These must be revised for the year 1911-12. fAt the rate of $833.09 per million. ^Population estimated for 1910. 94 PAN-AMERICAN COMMERCE. Principal Latin-American Exports to the United States During the Calendar Year Ending December 31, 1909. Value, Articles. Dollars. Sugar and molasses 86,487,371 Coffee 83,109,390 India rubber, gutta-percha, and suljstitutes for, and manufac- tures of 52,696,872 Hides and skins, other than fur skins 28,692,491 Copper, and manufactures of 19,677,331 Tobacco, and manufactures of 18,758,767 Fruits and nuts 17,526,520 Fibers, vegetable, and textile grasses, and manufactures of.... 10,340,368 Wool, hair of the camel, goat, alpaca, and other like animals, and manufactures of 8,299,321 Cocoa or cacao 4,407,812 Lead, and manufactures of 3,850,261 Iron and steel, and manufactures of 2,681,028 Wood, and manufactures of 1,265,715 Cotton, and manufactures of 1,033,184 Furs, and manufactures of 94,693 Miscellaneous 30,104,876 Total exports 369,026,000 Principal Latin-American Imports From the United States During the Calendar Year Ending December 31, 1909. Value, Articles. Dollars. Iron and steel, and manufactures of 25,374,722 Breadstuffs 16,127,390 Wood, manufactures of 15,159,580 Oils 14,300,825 Meat and dairy products 12,453,390 Cotton, and manufactures of 10,668,504 Leather, and manufactures of 7,324,365 Agricultural implements and parts of 7,173,056 Instruments and apparatus for scientific purposes 4,220,683 Coal and coke 3,988,621 Cars, carriages, other vehicles, and parts of 3,634,293 Naval stores 1,910,451 Paper, and manufactures of 1,764,569 Fibers, vegetable, and textile grasses, manufactures of 1,266,211 Fruits and nuts 779,003 Copper, and manufactures of 741,412 Paraffin, and paraffin wax 730,485 Tobacco, and manufactures of 544,051 Clocks and watches, and parts of 273,274 Miscellaneous 91,841,115 Total imports 220,276,000 95 CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING MR. ANDREW CARNEGIE'S GIFT FOR THE NEW BUILDING. GOVERNING BOARD OF THE INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. Correspondence and resolutions relating to the gift of Mr. Andrew Carnegie for the building of the International Bureau of the American Republics and the Columbus Memorial Library. Resolution of the Governing Board and letter of the Secretary of State, Mr. Elihu Root, to Mr. Andrew Carnegie, approved at the meeting of December ig, igo6. Whereas the Chairman of the Governing Board of the International Bureau of the American Republics has laid before this, the said Board, the following letter sent by him as chairman to Mr. Andrew Carnegie and has asked for the approval thereof by the Board — that is to say: "Department of State, "Washington, December 4, 1906. "My Dear Mr. Carnegie : Your active and efifective co-operation in promoting better communication between the countries of America as a member of the commission authorized by the Second Pan-American Conference held in Mexico, your patriotic citizenship in the greatest of American Republics, your earnest and weighty advocacy of peace and good will among the nations of the earth, and your action in providing a suitable building for the International Tribunal at The Hague em- bolden me to ask your aid in promoting the beneficent work of the Union of American Republics, which was established bj^ the Conference of Washington in 1889, continued by the Conference of Mexico in 1902, and has now been made permanent by the Conference of Rio de Janeiro in 1906. There is a general feeling that the Rio Conference, the South American journey of the Secretary of State, and the expressions of courtesy and kindly feeling which accompanied them have given a power- ful impulse to the growth of a better acquaintance between the people of all the American countries, a better mutual understanding between them, the establishment of a common public opinion, and the reasonable and kindly treatment of international questions in the place of isolation, suspicion, irritation, strife, and war. "There is also a general opinion that while the action of the Bureau of American Republics, designed to carry on this work from conference to conference, has been excellent so far as it has gone, the scope of the Bureau's work ought to be enlarged and its activity and efficiency greatly increased. "To accomplish this, a building adequate to the magnitude and dignity of the great work to be done is indispensable. With this view the nations •constituting the Union have expressed their willingness to contribute and some of them have contributed, and the Congress of the United States has, at its last session, appropriated, to the extent of $200,000, funds available for the purchase of a suitable site in the city of Washington. With this view also the Conference at Rio de Janeiro, on the 13th "of August, 1906, adopted resolutions looking to the establishment of a 'permanent center of information and of interchange of ideas among the Republics of this Continent as well as a building suitable for the 96 library in memory of Columbus,' and expressed the hope that 'before the meeting of the next International American Conference the Interna- tional Bureau of American Republics shall be housed in such a way as to permit it to properly fulfill the important functions assigned to it by this conference.' "Those functions are, in brief, to give efifect to the work of the con- ference ; to carry out its resolutions ; to prepare the work of the future conferences; to disseminate through each American country a knowledge of the affairs, the sentiments and the progress of every other American country; to promote better communication and more constant intercourse; to increase the interaction among all the Republics of each upon the others in commerce, in education, in the arts and sciences, and in political and social life, and to maintain in the city of Washington a headquarters, a meeting place, a center of influence for the same peaceful and enlight- ened thought and conscience of all America. ''I feel sure of your hearty sympathy in the furtherance of this un- dertaking, so full of possibilities for the peace and the prosperity of America and of mankind, and I appeal to you in the same spirit that has actuated your great benefactions to humanity in the past to provide for the erection, upon the site thus to be supplied by governmental action, a suitable building for the work of the union, the direction and control of which has been imposed by our respective Governments upon the Gov- erning Board, of which I have the honor to be Chairman. "With great respect and esteem, I am, my dear Mr. Carnegie, "Very sincerely yours, "Elihu Root, "Secretary of State and cx-oMcio Chairman of the Governing Board of the Bureau of American Republics. "Andrew Carnegie, Esq., "New York City." Now, therefore, be it resolved that the action of the Secretary of State, as Chairman of this Board, in sending the aforesaid letter be, and it hereby is, approved. Mr. Carnegie to Mr. Root. New York, January 1, 1907. Hon. Elihu Root, Secretary of State and ex-oiRcio Chairman of the Governing Board of the Bureau of American Republics, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir : I am greatly pleased that you and your colleagues of the Latin-American Republics have done me the honor to suggest that I might furnish a suitable home in Washington for the Bureau of Ameri- can Republics. The approval of your application by the Governing Board of the In- ternational Bureau and President Roosevelt's hearty expressions of satis- faction are most gratifying. You very kindly mention my membership of the first Pan-American Conference and advocacy of the Pan-American Railway, the gaps of which are being slowly filled. The importance of this enterprise im- presses itself more and more upon me, and I hope to see it accomplished. I am happy, therefore, in stating that it will be one of the pleasures of my life to furnish to the Union of all the Republics of this hemisphere the necessary funds ($750,000) from time to time as may be needed for the construction of an international home in Washington. 97 The co-operation of our own Republic is seen in the appropriation of funds by Congress _ for the purchase of the site, and in the agreement between the Republics for the maintenance of the Bureau we have addi- tional evidence of co-operation, so that the forthcoming American Temple of Peace will be the joint work of all of the Republics. Every genera- tion should see them drawing closer together. It is a cheering thought that all these are for the first time to be represented at the forthcoming Hague Conference. Henceforth they are members of that body, whose aim is the settlement of international dis- putes by that "High Court of Nations" or other similar tribunal. I beg to express to each and all of them my heartfelt thanks for being permitted to make such a New Year's gift as this. I have never felt more keenly than I do this New Year's morning how much more blessed it is to give than to receive, and I consider myself highly honored by being considered worthy to provide the forthcoming union a home, where the accredited representatives of all the Republics are to meet and, I trust, to bind together their respective nations in the bonds of unbroken peace. Very truly, yours, Andrew Carnegie. The President to Mr. Carnegie. The White House, Washington, January 2, 1907. My Dear Mr. Carnegie: I am so much pleased at learning from Secretary Root what you are going to do for the Bureau of American Republics. You have already done substantially the same thing for the cause of peace at The Hague. This new gift of yours has an almost, or quite, equal significance as far as the cause of peace in the Western Hemisphere is concerned, for the Bureau of American Republics is striving to accomplish for this hemisphere what The Hague Peace Tri- bunal is striving to accomplish for both hemispheres. I thank you heartily. Wishing you many happy New Years, believe me, sincerely yours, Theodore Roosevelt. Resolutions approved by the Governing Board of the International Bureau of the American Republics at the meeting of January 30, 1907. Resolved, That the letter of Mr. Andrew Carnegie to the Chairman of the Board, dated January 1, 1907, be receievd and filed and spread upon the minutes of the Board. Resolved, That the Governing Board of the Bureau of American Re- publics express to Mr. Andrew Carnegie its acceptance and grateful appreciation of his generous and public-spirited engagement to supply the funds for the proposed new building for the Union of American Re- publics. The Board shares with Mr. Carnegie the hope that the insti- tution whose work will thus be promoted may further the cause of peace and justice among nations and the sincere and helpful friendship of all the American Republics for each other. Resolved, That the Chairman of the Board communicate a copy of the foregoing resolutions to Mr. Carnegie. The Governing Board of the International Bureau of the American Republics further resolves : 1. That the letter of the Honorable the Secretary of State, Mr. Elihu Root, to Mr. Andrew Carnegie ; the answer of this distinguished phi- lanthropist, and the resolution of the Governing board accepting this splen- did gift be kept on file with the important documents of the Bureau ; and 98 2. That the text of these letters and the resolutions thereon be ar- tistically engrossed under the title of "Carnegie's Gift to the Interna- tional Bureau of the American Republics," and, properly framed, to form a part of the exhibit of the Bureau at the Jamestown Tercentennial Exposition. *PROPOSED CONVENTION FOR BUREAU. Proposed or tentative articles for a convention (or resolution) covering the reorganization of the International Bureau of the American Republics under the name of "The Pan-American Union," as originally drafted for a working copy and given to the Director unofficially by the late Ambassador of Brazil, Mr. Joaquim Nabuco, and later revised by the Department of State of the United States. The Governments of the Argentine Republic, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Co- lombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Salvador, the United States, Uruguay and Venezuela desiring to put on a more per- manent basis the International Bureau of the American Republics created by the First International Conference of American States, and confirmed by the Second and Third Conferences, have resolved to conclude a con- vention to that end and for that purpose, having as their plenipotentiaries: (Here follow the names of the Governments and their plenipotentiaries.) Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed upon the following articles : Article I. The organization of the American Republics, holding from time to time international conferences, shall continue to be known as "The International Union of the American Republics." The office of the International Union of the American Republics, heretofore known as "The International Bureau of the American Republics," shall hereafter be styled "The Pan-American Union," and it shall continue to have its headquarters in the City of Washington, United States of America. Art. II. The duties of the Pan-American Union shall be: (a) To keep the records and archives of the conferences; (b) to assist in ob- taining the ratification of the resolutions and conventions of the confer- ences and to execute the obligations which are imposed upon it by such resolutions and conventions; (c) to prepare the programs and rules for future conference; (d) to compile and distribute information and reports concerning the commercial, industrial, agricultural, educational and gen- eral conditions and progress of the American countries; (e) to develop commerce and trade, to foster close acquaintance and association, and to promote the mutual welfare and peaceful relations of these nations; and (f) to perform such other duties as may be directed by the con- ferences, and by its Governing Board hereinafter described. Art. III. The control and direction of the affairs of the Pan-American Union shall rest in a Governing Board consisting of the duly accredited diplomatic representatives of the other American governments to the government of the United States at Washington and of the Secretary of State of the United States who shall be Chairman ex officio, provided, however, that, in case of breach of diplomatic relations between the United States of America and any other American government, the representa- tive of that government may authorize any other member of the Govern- ing Board to serve in his stead. *This proposed convention for the Bureau is given here as a possible basis of a convention and not as an official draft. 99 Art. IV. The Pan-American Union shall be maintained through an- nual quotas paid into its treasury, or placed to its credit or order, not later than July 1st of each year, each Government paying as its quota such a proportion of the estimated expenses of the Union as its popula- tion bears to the population of all the American countries. These quotas shall be fixed by the Governing Board in accordance with the estirAates to be submitted by its executive officer not later than November 1st of the preceding year, and approved for each Government by its representative on the Governing Board. Art. V. The officers of the Pan-American Union shall consist of a Director-General, an x\ssistant Director, who shall also serve as Secre- tary of the Governing Board, and such other officers as the Governing Board upon the recommendation of the Director-General shall deem necessary. The Director-General and the Assistant Director shall be elected by the Governing Board and the tenure of their office shall con- tinue at the pleasure of the Governing Board. The other officers and employees shall be appointed by the Director-General, subject to the ap- proval of the Governing Board, under such rules as the Governing Board shall adopt. The Director-General shall have the personal rank of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary and on ceremonial occasions may take precedence among the diplomatic officers of American Republics with, but after, chiefs of mission. The Assistant Director shall have cor- respondingly the personal rank of Secretary of Legation. Art. VI. The administrative and executive direction of the Pan- American Union shall rest in the Director-General who in turn shall be responsible to the Governing Board, and he shall formulate general rules for such administration which shall be subject to the approval of the Governing Board. All rules and regulations adopted by previous Con- ferences and inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed. Art. VIT. The Director-General shall annually, at such time as may be designated by the Board of Governors, submit at a regular session of the Board for the approval of the Board, a detailed budget of the estimated expenses of the following year; and the Governing Board shall elect from am.ong its members persons who shall constitute a committee to examine into and pass upon any expenditure other than those approved of in the annual budget, and upon their approval of such expenditures the Secre- tary of State of the United States of America as President e.v officio of the Board may, upon their recommendation, draw his requisition for the payment of the same, and the said Committee shall at stated periods to be fixed by the Board of Governors audit all accounts for the expenditure of money for the purpose of meeting the expenses of the Union and shall certify to their correctness. Art. VIII. All the official correspondence and publications of the Union shall be carried free of charge by the mails of the American Republics. Art. IX. The present Convention shall be ratified as soon as possible and the instrument of ratification in each case shall be deposited with the Secretary of State of the United States of America, who shall give in writing formal notification of such deposit to each of the signatory Gov- ernments. In the event of any Government wishing to withdraw from the Union and this Convention it may do so by giving formal notice of such intention to the Secretary of State of the United States of America two years in advance; and the Secretary of State of the United States of America shall communicate such notice to the Governments of the Union and to its Governing Board. Any American Government not sign- ing the Convention may adhere thereto at any time by notifying the Secre- tary of State of the United States of America and by depositing with the Government of the United States of America its act of adhesion. The Secretary of State of the United States of America shall duly forward to the Governments of the Union notification of such adhesion. Any signa- tory Government which may withdraw from the Union may be rein- stated therein by taking the course prescribed for adhering governments. 100 In witness whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed this Convention and afifixed thereto their seals. Done at the City of Buenos Aires this day of in one original in the languages, which shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the United States of America, and duly certified copies of which shall be sent by that Gov- ernment to all the Governments of the Union. DEDICATORY ADDRESSES. The following addresses given in order of speaking were de- livered by the President of the United States, the Secretary of State and Chairman ex-officio of the Governing Board, the Mexican Ambassador, Cardinal Gibbons, Senator Elihu Root, Mr. Andrew Carnegie, Bishop Harding, Director Barrett and Al- bert Kelsey, on the occasion of the dedication of the new build- ing of the International Bureau of American Republics, Wash- ington, D. C, U. S. A., April 26, 1910. Invocation of Cardinal Gibbons. Director Barrett first introduced Cardinal Gibbons who deliv- ered the following invocation: We pray Thee, O God of might, wisdom and justice, through whom authority is rightly administered, laws are enacted, and judgment decreed, assist with Thy Holy Spirit of counsel and fortitude the President of these United States, that his administration may be conducted in right- eousness and may be eminently useful to Thy people over whom he pre- sides, by encouraging due respect for virtue and religion,^ by a faithful execution of the laws in justice and mercy, and by restraining vice and immorality. Let the light of Thy divine wisdom direct the deliberations of Congress and shine forth in all their proceedings and laws framed for our rule and government, so that they may tend to the preservation of peace, the promotion of national happiness, the increase of industry, sobriety, and useful knowledge, and may perpetuate to us the blessings of equal liberty. We recommend likewise to Thy unbounded mercy all our brethren and fellow-citizens throughout the United States, that they may be blessed in the knovv'ledge and sanctified in the observance of Thy most holy law, that they may be preserved in tmion and in that peace which the world can not give, and after enjoying the blessings of this life, be admitted to those which are eternal. Grant, O Lord, that this temple, consecrated to international peace, may be an enduring monument of the concord and friendship that will subsist between our own beloved country and the sister Republics of the Western Hemisphere. And grant that the Gospel of the Prince of Peace may so far sway the minds and hearts of rulers and cabinets that henceforth all international disputes may be adjusted, not on the field of battle, but in the halls of conciliation, not by stand- ing armies, but by boards of arbitrators, not by the sword, but by the pen and voice of wisdom which are mightier than the sword. 101 Address of Secretary Knox. Hon. Philander C. Knox. Secretary of State of the United States and Chairman ex-officio of the Governing Board, said: Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : I feel that I am especially privileged in taking part in the auspicious ceremony of the dedication of the building to be devoted to the cause of peace and good will be- tween the Republics of America. It is more than a privilege, it is a duty incumbent on me to voice the sympathy of the United States in the great work which it is the mission of the International Bureau of the American Republics to accomplish, and to give renewed assurance, if such be needed, of the earnest and unselfish purpose of the Govern- ment and people of the United States to do all that lies within their power toward the fulfillment of the high task set before you. The great movements of the people of the earth looking to closer as- sociation and truer kinship are often slow of realization. Such move- ments spring from within. They are not arbitrarily imposed by outward forces. Their primary impulse is the growing conviction of neighbor- ing communities that the development and prosperity of each is in har- mony with the advancement of the rest and that between peoples of the same ideals, living under the same political conditions and sharing in a common environment, there is a certain sentiment of unity which moves them to closer intimacy. The growth and fruition of that senti- m.ent is the work of time, of centuries, perhaps. Rarely has the seed been sown and the tree matured within the lifetime of a single generation. The movement in whose confirmation we take part to-day has been exceptionally favored. The reason of its marvelous fertility of develop- ment is not far to seek. The soil was prepared a century ago when the colonists of Spanish America established free communities from the Rio Grande to Cape Horn, following their northern brethren of the United States, and the peoples of that vast domain, from being dependents of a common motherland, became fellow-workers in the building up of a scheme of kindred sovereignties. As historical eras are computed those sovereignties are yet young. It is a happy coincidence that at this very time they are commemorating the independence they won a hundred years ago. Many of those among tis were witnesses of the birth of the Pan- American idea in the First International Conference of American Re- publics held in this capital twenty years ago. We have watched its growth year by year with ardent solicitude. From the first the people of the United States, through their Government and Congress, have lent hearty and effective aid to the great enterprise. The representatives of all the Republics of the West have met, in cordial harmon3^ under the international Pan-American banner, as the honored guests of the Ameri- can Union ; and this nation, in turn, never unmindful of the sacred duties of a host, has taken part as a simple co-laborer in the tasks of the great body politic which has been created by the concurrent efforts of all. It is a logical consequence of that dual relationship that the home of the International Bureau, in which we are to-day assembled, is the gift in a large part of a citizen of the United States to all the peoples of the Western Republics, and that we of the United States, in common with our Pan-American brethren, accept that noble gift, firm in the con- viction that it will be a worthy instrument toward the attainment of the high aims of the International Bureau, and, with devout hearts, we sup- plicate the Giver of all Good that the efforts of our association may be thrice blessed and through its influence the nations of Pan-America may, year by year, be brought into closer accord and more benevolent com- munity of interests. 102 Address by Director Barrett. The Director of the International Bureau, Mr. John Barrett,, said: About three years ago the architects of the United States were invited to submit competitive plans for this structure. Seventy-seven individuals and firms responded. The Committee of Award, aside from Mr. Root, then Secretary of State, and hence chairman ex officio of the Governing: Board of the International Bureau, and myself as the Director, was elected by the competing architects, and consisted of Charles F. McKim,. Henry Hornbostle, and Austin W. Lord, three of the most eminent men in the profession. Mr. Robert Bacon, then Assistant Secretary of State, and Mr. F. D. Millet, also assisted in the discussion of plans. After three days of most painstaking study the jury unanimously selected the set of drawings of which the present building is the evolution. They found, on opening the accompanying sealed envelope, that the successful competitors were Albert Kelsey and Paul P. Cret, of Philadelphia. The contract with them was signed in June, 1907. They devoted the fol- lowing six or seven months to revision and improvement of their plans. In March, 190S, the contract for construction was awarded to Norcross Brothers, of Worcester, Massachusetts. The cornerstone was laid just two years ago on the 11th of next May by President Roosevelt, while the other participants in the programme included Secretary of State Elihu Root, Ambassador Nabuco, of Brazil, Cardinal Gibbons, Mr. Andrew Carnegie, and Bishop Cranston. Since then the work has proceeded without a day's cessation until now we ask your presence to assist in the dedication of the completed structure twenty-three months and fifteen days after the laying of the cornerstone. You are all aware of the generosity of Mr. Carnegie, who contributed' $750,000 for its erection and so made such an elaborate but practical struc- ture possible, but as a matter of record I would state that the United States Government appropriated $200,000 with which this beautiful and commanding site, covering five acres at the junction of the White Lot and Potomac Park, was purchased. The other 20 American Republics con- tributed a little over $50,000, which has been used in general expenses. The entire property therefore represents an invstment of $1,000,000 in the cause of Pan-American peace, friendship and commerce. With the responsibility, resting directly upon me as the executive officer of the Bureau to push forward the construction of the building, I wish to emphasize that my own efforts would have failed if I had not always been aided by the wise advice, warm support, and sincere co-operation of Mr. Root. This building is in a sense his child and I have acted as nurse. The members of the Governing Board, consisting of the Latin-American diplomats in Washington and the Secretary of State of the United States, have also shown an interest which has been encouraging and helpful. The architects, Mr. Kelsey and Mr. Cret, have given far more time and at- tention to the building than their contract demanded, and have always manifested a personal concern for its success as a temple of Pan-Ameri- canism. The contractors, Norcross Brothers, of Worcester, Massachu- setts, have shown a marked desire to comply with our wishes and to- respond to our suggestions for changes. They should have joint pride with us in its successful completion. The Superintendent of Construction, Mr. James Berrall, has given faithful and undivided attention to his duties. The sculptors, including Gutzon Borglum, Isidore Konti, Sally- James Farnham, Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, Solon Borglum, Herbert Adams, Chester Beach, Rudulph Evans, and Robert Aitken, have all givers 103 us the best of their skill, while we feel grateful to the principal subcon- tractors for always doing their best to make this a unique edifice of a great capital. Nor do I forget Mr. William R. Smith, Superintendent of the Botanical Garden, who has generously provided for our patio an abundance of rare varieties of tropical flora. While this building is admittedly beautiful and striking in architecture, the impression must not be carried away that it has not abundant and practical office space. It possesses large, well-lighted, and sanitary rooms for double the staff or working force which it now employs, and it is arranged and equipped with every modern convenience for the efficiency and health of its occupants and the dispatch of public business. It has all the facilities of a modern office building, set, however, in an unconven- tional and attractive environment. In short, it comprises, possibly more than all the public buildings in Washington, the useful and the pleasing — a most appropriate condition for housing an institution which has about it so much that is alike practical and sentimental. I will now mention a few facts not generally appreciated in regard to the actual scope and work of the institution. The International Bureau of the American Republics is the only official international organization upon the Western Hemisphere. It is in no sense a subordinate bureau of the United States or of any other iGovernment, except that it is equally subordinate to all. Its control rests in a Govern- ing Board composed of the diplomatic representatives in Washington of the American Republics, and having as its chairman ex oMcio the Secre- tary of State of the United States. Its chief administrative officer is the Director, who is elected by the vote of this Governing Board and not ap- pointed by the President of the United States. He is, therefore, in every respect, an international officer. The funds for the maintenance of the Bureau come from all the Governments, with each country appropriating or contributing a sum in the proportion that its population holds to the entire population of the American Republics. The chief object and purpose of the International Bureau, expressed most briefly, is, on the moral and sentimental side, to develop mutual ac- quaintance, better understanding, lasting friendship, peace, and good will, and, on the material side, to develop the largest possible exchange of commerce and trade, industrial prosperity, and economic progress among all the American Republics. In both respects it is accomplishing practical and far-reaching results, even though at times there may be some clouds upon the horizon of the vast field which it includes. It was established twenty years ago, at the First International Confer- ence of American Nations, called upon the initiative of James G. Blaine, and held in this city. It was reorganized, enlarged, and given new life by the Third Conference, held at Rio Janeiro and attended by Elihu Root in 1906. In the following January the present Director took charge and has therefore administered the affairs of the Bureau for a little more than three years. As illustrating the practical growth and useful work of the Bureau, a survey of these three years shows that its correspondence with all of the world has in that period increased nearly 600 per cent, while it distributed in 1909 some 450,000 pieces of printed matter, all in response to specific requests, in contrast to only 60,000 in 1906. Three years ago, only 10 per cent of the membership of both Houses of Congress utilized the Bureau in any form; last year 97 per cent made some use of it. In 1906 the United States Congress appropriated $36,000 as the United States quota for its support; this year it appropriated $75,000, and the other 20 Re- publics have made corresponding increases in their quotas; and yet every dollar is needed to care for the Bureau's growing tasks and broadening responsibilities. 104 Its Monthly Buixktin, devoted to receiving and spreading informa- tion about the progress, resources, possibilities, and characteristics of the American Nations, which had little bona fide actual circulation in 1906, is now experiencing such popularity that the demand for it can only be met in small part. The Bureau also issues from time to time special reports, handbooks, circulars, and maps for which there is a large and increasing call. Its library, numbering some 18,000 volumes and known as the Co- lumbus Memorial Library, contains an excellent collection of books, pam- phlets, official documents, newspapers, etc., descriptive and representative of the American peoples and nations. The stafif of the Bureau is made up of expert translators, statisticians, compilers, clerks and stenographers, all of whom are loyally interested in its broad international work; and the Director desires to take advantage of this opportunity to express his gratitude to all persons employed in the Bureau from the highest to the lowest position for the co-operation they have given him in his administration and in the extra work demanded by the rapid growth of the institution and the building of this new structure. Especially does he wish to thank Mr. Francisco J. Yanes, his scholarly and sympathetic first assistant, who is the efficient Secretary of the Interna- tional Bureau and of the Governing Board, and Mr. Franklin Adams, the Acting Chief Clerk, who has labored effectively for the improvement of the Monthly Bulletin. Address of Mr. Albert Kelsey. Mr. Kelsey, of the firm of Albert Kelsey and Paul P. Cret, associate architects, said : Mr. President, Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen : On behalf of my partner, Mr. Cret, and for myself, I wish first of all to acknowledge our deep sense of obligation to Director Barrett and Senator Root for their uniform courtesy and generous co-operation, since it is largely be- cause of their generous co-operation and patient courtesy that we can truthfully say that this building has been designed and executed under absolutely ideal conditions. They appreciated the advisability of giving us plenty of time in which to develop our design. They did not insist upon the employment of the low- est bidder, but accepted our recommendation, whereby Messrs. Norcross Brothers, of Worcester, Massachusetts, were employed as the contractors (whose honest work we take much pleasure in now testifying has since fully justified our faith in them) ; and lastly, Mr. Barrett and Mr. Root have been patient and sympathetic clients. In support of this assertion, I wish to repeat one of Senator Root's comments, and it can not be too often repeated, far and wide, for the advancement of architecture. I went to Director Barrett and Senator Root apologetically for that abomination of abominations, an extra; but before I had completely clinched my argument Senator Root interrupted me and said: "Mr. Kelsey, an architect who does not change and im- prove his work as it progresses, and who does not ask for extras for such changes and improvements, must be dead." It has been in this spirit that we have been encouraged and helped from start to finish. Now, just a few words about the building itself. After the general dis- position of parts had been settled, and after the proportions of the exterior and the interior had been determined, we set about to try and give ex- pression to the building, to make it significant and interesting. The front elevation was to interpret the two grand geographical divisions of the Pan-American Union, and in the carrving out of this 105 thought we have been ably seconded by Mr. Gutzon Borglum and Mr. Isidore Konti, who have depicted in their colossal groups the spirit of modern progress now animating North and South America, respectively; then, wherever we could find a chance we have tried to recall the Spanish, Portuguese, P>ench, and English origins of the people constituting this Union, while in the patio, pavement, and fountain we have attempted to recall something of the mystery of that strange twilight time in American history which still baffles the savants of the world. I refer to the ad- vanced civilizations of the early Peruvians, the Mayans, the Zapotecans, the Toltecs, and the Aztecs. And even here, in this spacious Hall of the Republics, up between the metopes, we have reproduced the feathered serpent of Uxmal — a symbol as familiar to archaeologists as the scarab of Egypt. But over and above all significant ornament and detail, on the front elevation, are the birds of North and South America regarding one another with expressions of mutual admiration, confidence, and respect. Address of Senator Root. Senator Elihu Root said : I am sure that this beautiful building must produce a lively sense of grateful appreciation from all who care for the growth of friendship among Americans ; to Mr. Carnegie, not merely for his generous gift, but for the large sympathy and far vision that prompted it; and to the as- sociate architects, Mr. Albert Kelsey and Mr. Paul Cret, who, not content with making this structure express their sense of artistic form and propor- tion, have entered with the devotion and self-absorption of true art into the spirit of the design for which their bricks and marble are to stand They have brought into happy companionship architectural suggestions of the North and of the South; and have wrought into construction and ornament in a hundred ways the art, the symbolism, the traditions, and the history of all the American Republics ; and they have made the building a true expression of the Pan-Americanism of open mind and open heart for all that is true and noble and worthy of respect from whatever race or religion or language or custom in the western continents. Nor should we forget the fine enthusiasm and understanding with which Mr. Borglum and Mr. Konti, and Mrs. Farnham, and Mrs. Whitney have brought sculpture to aid the architects' expression ; nor the honest and faithful work of Mr. Norcross, the builder; nor the kind help of Mr. William Smith, of the Botanical Garden, who has filled the patio with tropical plants rare and strange to northern eyes, but familiar friends to the Latin American ; nor the energy and unwearying labors of Mr. Barrett, the Director of the Bureau. The active interest of President Taft and Secretary Knox is evidence that the policy of Pan-American friendship reinaugurated by the sympa- thetic genius of Secretary Blaine is continuous and permanent in the United States; and the harmony in which the members of the Governing Board have worked to this end is a good omen for the future. This building is to be in its most manifest utilitarian service a con- venient instrument for association and growth of mutual knowledge among the people of the different Republics. The library maintained here, the books and journals accessible here, the useful and interesting publications of the Bureau, the enormous correspondence carried on with seekers for knowledge about American countries, the opportunities now afforded for further growth in all those activities, justify the pains and the expense. 106 The building is more important, however, as the symbol, the ever- present reminder, the perpetual assertion of unity of common interest and purpose and hope among all the Republics. This building is a con- fession of faith, a covenant of fraternal duty, a declaration of allegiance to an ideal. The members of The Hague Conference of 1907 described the Conference in the preamble of its great Arbitration Convention as — "Animated by the sincere desire to w^ork for the maintenance of general peace. "Resolved to promote by all the efforts in their power the friendly .settlement of international disputes. "Recognizing the solidarity uniting the members of the society of civilized nations. "Desirous of extending the empire of law and of strengthening the ap- preciation of international justice." That is the meaning of this building for the Republics of America. That sentiment which all the best in modern civilization is trying to live up to, we have written here in marble for the people of the American Continents. The process of civilization is by association. In isolation, men, com- munities, nations, tend back toward savagery. Repellant differences and dislikes separate them from mankind. In association, similarities and attractions are felt and differences are forgotten. There is so much more good than evil in men that liking comes by knowing. We havehere the product of mutual knowledge, co-operation, harmony, friendship. Here is an evidence of what these can accomplish. Here is an earnest of what may be done in the future. From these windows the Governing Board of tlie International Union will look down upon the noble river that flows by the home of Washington. They will sit beneath the shadow of the simple and majestic monument, which illustrates our conception of his character, the character that, beyond all others in human history, rises above jealousy and envy and ignoble strife. All the nations ac- knowledge his pre-eminent influence. He belongs to them all. No man lives in freedom anywhere on earth who is not his debtor and his fol- lower. We dedicate this place to the service of the political faith in which he lived and wrought. Long may this structure stand, while within its walls and under the influence of the benign purpose from which it sprang, the habit and the power of self-control, of mutual considera- tion and kindly judgment, more and more exclude the narrowness and selfishness and prejudice of ignorance and the hasty impulses of super- sensitive amour-propre. May men hereafter come to see that here_ is set a milestone in the path of American civilization toward the reign of that universal public opinion which shall condemn all who through contentious spirit or greed or selfish ambition or lust for power disturb the public peace, as enemies of the general good of the American Re- publics. One voice that should have spoken here to-day is silent, but many of us can not forget or cease to mourn and to honor our dear and noble friend, Joaquim Nabuco. Ambassador from Brazil, Dean of the Ameri- can Diplomatic Corps, respected, admired, trusted, loved, and followed by all of us, he was a commanding figure in the international movement of vv^hich the erection of this building is a part. The breadth of his political philosophy, the nobility of his idealism, the prophetic vision of his poetic imagination, were joined to wisdom, to the practical sagacity of statesmanship, to a sympathetic knowledge of men, and to a heart as sensitive and tender as a woman's. He followed the design and construc- tion of this building with the deepest interest. His beneficent influence impressed itself upon all of our actions. No benison can be pronounced upon this great institution so rich in promise for its future as the wish that his ennobling memory may endure and his civilizing spirit may con- trol, in the councils of the International Union of American Republics. 107 Address of the Mexican Ambassador. The Mexican Ambassador, Seiior Don Francisco L. de la Barra, said : This is a great day for our America, when the might of right, gather- ing its scattered forces, gives a tangible form to a noble ideal, strength- ens a useful institution, and tenders a new token of hope and encourage- ment to those who struggle for the mastery of peace, justice, and love. The presence on this solemn occasion of the illustrious President of the United States, who has had the kindness to accept the invitation that the Governing Board of the International Bureau of American Republics had the honor to send him, is significant of the importance which the American Government and people attach to the victory won this day, a victory whose high moral meaning makes us forget for a moment the disappointments in our daily strife and gives us courage to go on working, believing, and hoping, as though we lived in the midst of an ideal humanity, far above all destructive passions. The Latin Republics of this hemisphere who so cordially accepted the idea of erecting the building we dedicate to-day share — as shown by this act — in the fraternal sentiment of the American people who, while still giving ample proof of their splendid vigor and intensity of material life, proclaim at the same time their love for the lofty ideals of the higher standards of life. History, carrying on every page the imprint of the fierce struggle for life among individuals and among races — by many considered a fatal law — will record this ceremony, exemplifying as it does the common tendencies of the two principal races which people our hemisphere, des- tined to achieve great deeds in the life of mankind. Owing to the political and economical scope generally attributed to Pan-Americanism, its fundamental idea has been earnestly discussed; some have censured it, others have praised it, and the rest have con- sidered it as an impossible Utopia. But, when we mean by Pan-Americanism that community of senti- ment, of ideas and aspirations among the American Republics tending to foster cordiality in their friendly relations, tending to strengthen the ties of interests for mutual advantage, thus increasing the respect for the rights of others ; when these aspirations, in materializing, in no wise impair the essential right of self-preservation, liberty, independence, and equality before the law of the States — then, indeed, we should joyfully celebrate the completion of the home devoted to such principles. This is the sound Pan-Americanism which has inspired our Interna- tional Conferences in their work of harmony and has caused this mag- nificent palace to rise up, white as the flag of peace, beautiful, and filled with light like the minds of those who conceived the idea thus made a reality. It rests on its solid foundation, as firm as the love of the motherland and of justice existing in each of our countries. This Pan-Americanism which should be interpreted as a doctrine of love, can not be expounded in an aggressive form or with exasperating exclusiveness. The brotherly feeling which brings us together to-day is not antagonistic to our affections toward those nations who have con- tributed with their high standards of civilization, by their good example and with their live elements of progress to our material advancement and to the improvement of our intellectual faculties. Their blood is mixed with ours ; their capital, their industries, and their artistic culture have been and are elements of our own progress. One of the most practical forms of this idea has been the creation of the International Bureau of American Republics, a most useful institution devoted to promoting better mutual knowledge among the nations in our hemisphere. Its success is due in a large measure to the rare qualifica- tions of its distinguished Director, who has won the respect and affec- 108 tion of the representatives of the several Governments forming the Governing Board of the Bureau. This mutual understanding, ever increasing among the Republics of America, will contribute to reciprocal esteem and, at the same time, serve to overcome certain prejudices which still exist in some of our countries. You — Anglo-Saxons, who with your wonderful powers of assimila- tion have maintained and strengthened your national unity, not only through currents of immigration, which have brought from northern and western Europe elements like those brought to your shores by_ the first colonists of New England, but also with other elements of entirely dififerent races who come from other lands to your own rich, free country in search of a sure and happy future — you, Anglo-Saxons, and we, who have peopled the Latin-American Republics, have been separated, more than by geographical distances, by feelings that are bound completely to disappear, since they have been gradually doing so as commerce^ has brought the races nearer together. This has made it evident that, risiiig above certain inherent deficiencies of himian nature, there exist solid qualities in individuals and nations which are well worthy of esteem and admiration. In such pre-eminent and practical work the International Bureau of American Republics collaborates by means of a trustworthy, intelligent, and active propaganda. In praising this work of concord and justice which draws nearer to- gether two great races, not to antagonize and destroy each other but for their better mutual understanding and esteem, we can not forget the name of the great philanthropist who has so magnificently and practically contributed to its realization. It is needless to mention his name ; it is in our hearts and minds, and we well know how to appreciate the gen- erous impulse of a life devoted to the noblest of purposes. It is said of Michelangelo that, not finding Raphael in the Farncsian Palace where the mural decoration was being finished by the painter from Urbino, he took a piece of charcoal and drew on the wall a head, which showed his rival that the great artist had been there. This rnay be applied to the present case ; the powerful personality devoted to doing good has left its seal upon the ground of international peace-making, as shown in Cartago, Costa Rica, and in The Hague, and future genera- tions will acknowledge the stamp of a firmly directed and nobly in- spired will. The dedication of the Palace of the American Republics takes place in a year of special significance for Latin America. A century ago some of the Republics of this continent declared their independence, and to-day they hasten to celebrate the centennial of this glorious and transcendental event, showing with justifiable pride the moral and material progress they have attained. Allow me, therefore, as one of the representatives of the nations which commemorate that glorious deed, to evoke the memory of the great heroes whose effigies the guiding mind of this monument has gathered together in the principal gallery of this buildmg as in a grand and solemn assembly. May they be a perpetual example for the nations of America, whose rapid evolution in the sense of real progress clearly appears to the eye of those who study life from a lofty standpoint, per- mitting the great trail of their onward march to be followed, as it is said of the aeronaut, who on rising in the air views the great currents of the ocean. Let us earnestly hope, ladies and gentlemen, that the dedication of the Palace of the American Republics may be the starting point of a new era of greater mutual esteem, ever more and more hearty among the nations of this hemisphere, merging their differences in^ a common ideal 109 of peace, justice, and progress in the same manner in which the ar- chitects have so beautifully succeeded in harmonizing in this building, with exquisite art, the severity and grandeur of the American people with the grace and elegance of the Latin-American soul. Address of Mr. Carnegie. Mr. Andrew Carnegie said : As one of the remaining members of the First International Confer- ence of the American Republics, whose interest in the cause has in- creased with the years, no duty could be assigned me more pleasing than that I am now^ called upon to perform by the favor of the Governing Board of the International Bureau of the American Republics— that of participating in the dedication of this beautiful structure to its noble mission of promoting the reign of peace and good will, and of progress, moral and material, over the Republics of this vast continent. Nor would we exclude from friendly co-operation our growing neighbor of the North, who enjoys like ourselves government of, and for, and by the people, should she in the course of time decide, with the cordial ap- proval of her illustrious parent land, to enter the brotherhood, thus ex- tending it over the entire continent, an area nearly four times as large as Europe. Surely such a spectacle would soon lead the whole civilized world to follow. Upon such an occasion as this our thoughts naturally revert to the past services of Secretary Blaine, who stands forth pre-eminent, presiding as he did over the First Conference of the Republics held in Washington, which conference he had called into being. We rejoice that upon these walls a permanent tribute to his memory is soon to appear. His suc- cessor. Senator Root (then Secretary of State, and to whom we chiefly owe this beautiful structure), was an honorary president of the recent and Third Conference and was the pioneer among high officials in visiting our southern brethren in their own countries. Much has he done for the cause, and in due time a similar tribute to him will no doubt_ be erected. His successor, our chairman, Mr. Knox, is already to be credited with a notable success in suggesting that the International Prize Court, agreed to by the delegates of the eight leading naval powers, be con- verted into an arbitral court composed of the most eminent jurists of the respective countries, authorized to decide any international disputes brought before it. Should this pregnant suggestion be approved, of which there is strong hope, the world will have at last its greatest need supplied and the young Secretary of State's everlasting monument be thus provided bv one stroke of his pen. My neighbor in the first conference was Sefior Don Manuel Qumtana, of Argentina, afterwards elevated to the presidency of his country. He also fike Mr. Blaine, has passed away. We have to mourn also the untimely death of our chairman of the Pan-American Committee, Wil- liam I Buchanan, whose devotion to the work and the ability displayed had given him high place among those who rank as internationalists and whose fame is secure not only in his own country, but in all the Republics It was feared Mr. Buchanan's loss would be irremediable, but a o-reat, noble cause such as that of Pan-Americanism, in which we are engaged, inspires and develops unusual talents and earnest souls, whose hearts are in the work. I venture to speak of Director Barrett in this connection, whose ability to meet all emergencies has been truly surprising Three or four times what has been offered in other lines of opportunity has failed— as I happen to know— to shake his devotion to his mission. His heart and brain are in the cause. His reward lies m beholding its progress. no The last of our grievous losses still lingers in our hearts, that of the able, devoted, beloved Pan-American, Senhor Nabuco, Brazil's notable Ambassador. When shall we look upon his like again ? Would that all these leaders who have passed beyond were cognizant of the wonderful progress the Pan-American idea has made and is mak- ing in recent times. It occurs to me that this edifice may be destined to become the Pantheon of departed heroes in the cause of continental peace and brotherhood. I wish to congratulate the 20 Latin nations south of us upon their educational and intellectual progress, their vast resources, and growing prominence and international influence. Their expanding trade and com- merce are remarkable. The International Bureau of American Repub- lics is performing a great work in keeping the peoples of the world advised of these matters. I confess that the figures surprise me. These 20 Republics have already 70,000,000 of people, and their foreign trade, which has doubled in the last ten years, amounts to $2,000,000,000 (not millions, but billions). Trade between our own country and these has also doubled in that time and reaches $600,000,000. If the Bureau con- tinues keeping the world advised of the progress of Pan-American com- merce and Pan-American railways and continues to report such amazing progress and resources, it may soon be questioned whether this twentieth century is after all to be Canada's century. It may be captured, not by the northern, but by the southern, part of our continent. My recent visit to the West and the Pacific convinced me that the center nation, winner of the nineteenth century, is still in the race and is not to be regarded as a negligible quantity in the struggle for record progress in the twen- tieth. In any case, we of the middle portion will heartily congratulate our advancing sister nations, north or south. Mr. Chairman, fully am I persuaded that the rulers and statesmen of the earth, all of whom are to-day constantly proclaiming their earnest desire for peace, are sincere in their protestations. Why, then, is this universally desired peace not promptly secured? Equally am I persuaded that the true root of the failure lies in the fact that these rulers and statesmen know not each other well. They are strangers, and therefore naturally and mutually suspicious. When a difiference arises, they meet as strangers, knowing not the sincerity, the truthfulness, the keen sense of honor, and the earnest desire for peace of their fellow-statesmen. The French have a proverb — "We only hate those we do not know." The reverse is also self-evidently true — "We only love those we do know." Two men dififer ; if strangers, the probable result is strife. Two friends differ ; the probable result is peaceful settlement either by themselves, or, failing that, by arbitration of friends, and the two friends become dearer to each other than before. Why? Because neither has assumed to sit as judge in his own cause, which violates the first principles of natural justice. The greatest crime that either man or nation can com- mit is to insist upon doing that which would consign the judge upon the bench to infamy if he ever dared to sit in judgment upon a cause in which_ he was an interested party. In nations which still tolerate the duel, its practice is rapidly falling into disrepute, and a court of honor is coming into general use, first to determine whether the two foes are justified in breaking the peace. One of the chief missions of this palace should be, as their natural home, to draw together the diplomats and representative men of all our Republics and enable them to know each other and learn of the sterling virtues of their colleagues, and especially their earnest desire for the prosperity of all their neighbors and their anxious hope that peace shall ever reign between them. Thus these statesmen will become lifelong friends to whom may safely be intrusted the settlement of any interna- tional diflFrence that may arise. Above all, we may expect that between m such friends no one would insist upon sitting as judge upon his own cause, were the other to propose leaving the difference to a mutual friend. This, then, is one of the greatest missions of this international meeting ground in which we are assembled. Nor will its mission be fulfilled until every Republic, and, I fondly hope, Canada also included, shall have agreed to lay aside the sword. The most momentous declaration ever made upon this subject by the chief of a nation is that of our President recently in New York. He proclaimed that_ all international disputes should be settled by arbitra- tion ; no exceptions. A court of honor should decide whether any dis- pute involved that phantom of nations called honor. The independence and existing territorial limits of nations would, of course, be sacred and recognized as beyond dispute, He has given us the true solution of the problem of peace against war and placed our Republic in the van, and he is_ to rank in history with the greatest benefactors of his race. The crime of war is inherent — it gives victory not to the nation that is right but to that which is strong. As I speak there comes to me a new poem. The New Age. I quote two verses : When navies are forgotten And fleets are useless things. When the dove shall warm her bosom Beneath the eagle's wings. When memory of battles At last is strange and old, When nations have one banner And creeds have found one fold, Then hate's last note of discord In all God's worlds shall cease In the conquest which is service. In the victory which is peace. With the words of Washington, the father of our country, in my heart: "My first wish is to see the plague of mankind, war, banished from the earth," I now join in dedicating this home of the Bureau of the American Republics to the highest of all its missions, the abolition of the crime of killing man by man as a means of settling international disputes. Address of President Taft. The President of the United States said : It is now nearly two years since my predecessor, Mr. Roosevelt, laid the cornerstone of this building and there testified to his interest, and the interest of the people whom he represented, in its construction and in its meaning. He added something to the enjoyment and interest of the occasion by differing somewhat from him who had made the oc- casion possible, Mr. Carnegie, as to the method by which peace should be obtained. But that they both were earnest and strenuous and deter- mined to have peace, there was no doubt. I esteem it a great honor to the United States of America that the twenty other American republics have consented that the home of the Bureau of American Republics should be here and upon this soil. As the elder sister of our twenty sisters, we take pride in the primogeniture. 112 We are anxious to have each member of the family know that we be- lieve in absolute equality in the family, and that there is nothing^ of preference which we insist upon because we are older, and, for the time being, can count more noses. The Bureau of American Republics was established, or suggested at least and carried into being, by that great Secretary of State, James G. Blaine. It has been made most effective by another great Secretary of State, Elihu Root. I am entirely relieved from embarrassment in this presence and at this function by being innocent of any direct official as- sociation with the Bureau of American Republics or the magnificent organization that we are here to commemorate, and, therefore, 1 can be impartial and comment on the fitting things that this occasion suggests. Elihu Root believes in architecture and the preservation of all forms of beauty, and, as a lover of that, he went in with enthusiasm to persuade Mr. Carnegie that this was the method of promoting peace, and at the same time to erect here a beautiful monument to art. His speech to-day was as perfect in its way as the architecture of this building. It is further fitting that this building should have been made possible by that man who is the most conspicuous man out of official life in the bringing about of universal peace. I wish to congratulate our sister republics upon the marvelous prog- ress that they have made in the last two decades — in material advance- ment, and in that without which either spiritual or material advance- ment is impossible, in peace, in the stability of their government, in the consciousness that it is the annals of a peaceful, happy country that are tiresome. The few instances of disturbed countries that remain are being made less in number by the wonderful progress and prosperity of those who preserve the stability of their government by the peaceful rule of the majority. It goes without saying that in the foreign policy of the United States its greatest object is the preservation of peace among the American Republics. And it goes also without saying that the organization of the Bureau of American Republics, and the making of this family of Ameri- can Republics, are events that tend more than anything else to the preservation of that peace, for we twenty-one republics can not afford to have any two or any three of us quarrel. We must stop. And Mr. Carnegie and I will not be satisfied until all nineteen of us can inter- vene by proper measures to suppress a quarrel between any other two. Of course, we are not all philanthropists, as Mr. Carnegie is, and we have an additional interest in the Bureau of American Republics and in the cultivation of good will between the twenty-one republics in that we hope each of us may profit by the trade which will be promoted by our closer relations. This is the centennial year of many of the twenty-one republics, and it is very fitting that the building which represents their closer union should be dedicated in this year. There is only one other happy feature of the occasion to which I wish to refer, and that is the absolute fitness, for the making of this Bureau a success, of Mr. John Barrett. He was born for it, and I hope he will continue to make it more and more useful as the years go on. For the present Secretary of State, I want to say — and I speak with modesty, because he and I are in the same administration — there is nothing that this Government can do to promote the solidity of the union between the twenty-one republics that meet here in this building in joint ownership, that he is not willing and anxious to do. And, if I have any influence with the administration, T propose to back him to the full in carrying this policy out. 113 Benediction by Bishop Harding. Right Reverend Bishop Alfred Harding, of Washington, de- Hvered the following benediction : O Lord, our heavenly Father, the high and mighty Ruler of the Uni- verse, who dost from Thy throne behold all the dwellers upon earth, we invoke Thy blessing upon this temple of peace and upon the great pur- poses for which it has been builded, and upon those into whose hearts Thou didst put the thought, and to whom Thou hast given grace and power, faithfully to fulfill the same. We ask Thy blessing upon Thy servant, the President of the United States, and all others in authority in this land, and upon the Presidents and Rulers of our Sister Republics in this New World, that all their deliberations and actions may be guided to the promotion of unity, peace, and concord among the nations, and that the work of the Bureau of the American Republics may promote among the people of this continent and all nations "peace on earth, good will towards men." And may the God of peace, who brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus Christ, the great Shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the everlasting covenant, make you perfect in every good work to do His will, working in you that which is well pleasing in His sight. Through Jesus Christ, to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen. 114 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.* PUBIJSHED OR UISTRIIJUTEU BY THE INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF AMERICAN REPUBLICS, Washington, D. C, U. S. A. This list is prepared to assist in answering the numerous inquiries tliat come to the International Bureau, asking for books, pamphlets, and other printed matter regarding the American Republics. It includes — • First — Publications for Which a Charge is Made, Based on the actual cost and expense of printing, and, Second — Those Which Are Sent Out Free of Charge, Upon application made through, or with the approval of, Lhiited States Senators, Members of Congress, or foreign diplomatic representatives. 1. BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU. Published monthly in two sec- tions — one entirely in English, the other in Spanish, Portuguese and French. It is in magazine form, carefully illustrated, contain- ing the latest official and unofficial information relative to the commercial, material, and general progress and development of the twenty-one American Republics. A sample copy will be mailed free upon request. SUBSCRIPTION RATES. English section, $2 per year in all countries of the western hemisphere; in other countries, $2.50 per year. Single number, 25 cents. Spanish-Portuguese-French Section, $2 per year in all countries of the Western Hemisphere; in other countries $2.50 per year. Single number. 25 cents. Double number (Bulletin in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and French) ; $3 per year in all countries of the Western Hemisphere ; in other coun- tries, $4. Single number, 40 cents. 2. American Constitutions. A compilation of the political con- stitutions of the independent States of America, in the orig- inal text, with English and Spanish translations. Wash- ington, 1906, 2 vols., 8°, paper. Vol. I contains the constitutions of the Federal Republics of the LTnited States of America, of Mexico, of the Ar- gentine Republic, of Brazil, of Venezuela, and of the Republics of Central America ; Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama $2.00 3. Vol. II contains the constitutions of the Dominican Re- public, Flaiti, Cuba, Uruguay, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Co- lombia, Paraguay, and Bolivia 2.00 Same. Bound in cloth, per volume 3.00 4. Code of Commercial Nomenclature, 1897 (English, Spanish and Portuguese) . 670 pages, 4° 5.00 Note. — Designates in alphabetical order in equivalent terms in English, Portuguese, and Spanish the commodities of American nations on which import duties are levied. 9. Intercontinental Railway Reports. Reports of the inter- continental Railway Commission. Washington, 1898. 7 vols., 4°, three of maps and four of text, cloth. Nozv very rare, only fezv sets remaining. Set 15.00 *This list is given to show the practical and useful publicity work being done by the Bureau and is distributed in response to request for list of publications and subject to constant change. 115 10. International American Conference reports and recom- mendations, 1890. Includes reports of the Plan of Arbitra- tion, Reciprocity Treaties, Intercontinental Railway, Steam- ship Communication, Sanitary Regulations, Common Silver Coin, Patents and Trade-marks, Weights and Measures, Port Dues, International Law, Extradition Treaties, Inter- national Bank, Memorial Tablet, Columbian Exposition. Octavo, bound in paper $0.50 11. Patent and Trade-Mark Laws of the Spanish-American Re- publics, Brazil, and the Republic of Haiti. Revised to August, 1904. Washington, 1904. 343 pages, 8°, paper 50 Same, bound in one-half sheep. (English and Spanish.) 1 Vol 2.00 HANDBOOKS. (General description and statistics.) *13. (a) Argentine Republic— A geographical sketch, with special reference to economic conditions, actual development, and prospects of future growth. Washington, 1903. 28 illustrations, 3 maps, 366 pages, 8° 1-00 (b) Bolivia. — A geographical sketch, natural resources, laws, economic conditions, actual development, prospects of future growth. Washington, 1904. Illustrations, 214 pages, 8° 1-00 (c) Brazil..— A geographical sketch, with special reference to economic conditions, and prospects of future develop- ment. 1901. 233 pages, 8° 50 (j) Chile. — A geographical sketch, natural resources, laws, economic conditions, actual development, prospects of future growth. Washington, 1909. Illustrations, 11; map 6j4x33^ inches; pages, 267; cloth bound, 8°..... 1.00 (d) Cuba.— a' short sketch of physical and economic condi- tions, government laws, industries, finances, customs, tariff, etc., prepared by Senor Gonzalo de Quesada, Minister from Cuba, with bibliography and cartogra- phy of 198 pages. Washington, November, 1905. Map and 42 illustrations, 541 pages, 8° 1-00 *(e) Guatemala.— 1897. Illustrated, 119 pages, 8° 50 *(f) Honduras.— Geographical sketch, natural resources, laws, economic conditions, actual development, prospects of future growth. Washington, 1904. Illustrations, 252 pages, 8° 100 *(g) Mexico. — Geographical sketch, natural resources, laws, economic conditions, actual development, prospect of future growth. Washington, 1904. Illustrations, 454 pages, 8° .- • 1-00 (h) Paraguay. — Second edition, revised and enlarged, with chapter on the native races. 1902. Illustrations, map. 187 pages, 8° -50 (i) Venezuela.— Geographical sketch, natural resources, laws, economic conditions, actual development, prospects of future growth. Washington, 1904. Illustrated railway map, 608 pages, '8° 100 *Supply for distribution exhausted, but copies can be consulted in the library of the Bureau. 116 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL BULLETINS. 21. Latin American History and Description. List of books in the Colunihus Memorial Library of the International Bu- reau of American Republics. November 1, 1907. 98 pages, 8°. Same. Supplement No. 1. November 1, 1907, to ■$0.25 July 8, 1909. 34 pages, 8° , MAPS. 16. (a) Bolivia.^ — Mapa de la Republica de Bolivia, mandado or- ganizar v publicar por el Presidente Constitucional, General Jose Manuel Pando. Escala 1: 2,000,000. La Paz, 1901. Reprint International Bureau of American Republics, 1904 1.00 (b) Brazil. — From official and other sources, 1905. Scale of 75 miles to 1 inch. 1 : 4,752,000. In one sheet, 36i/^x38 inches 1 .50 Published by the International Bureau of American Re- publics, Washington, D. C. (g) Chile. — Published in London by Edward Stanford, 1907. In three colors. Size 6^x33^ inches 25 *(c) Costa Rica. — From official and other sources. 1903. Scale of 12.5 miles to 1 inch. 1:792,000 50 Published by the International Bureau of American Republics, Washington, D. C. (d) Guatemala. — From official and other sources. 1902. Scale of 12.5 miles to 1 inch. 1 : 792,000. In two sheets. Each sheet 28 x 30 inches. No. 1 General map } No. 2 Agricultural areas j Published by the International Bureau of American Republics. (e) Mexico. — From official Mexican and other sources. 1900. Scale of 50 miles to 1 inch. 1 : 3,168,000. In two sheets. Each sheet 32 x 42j4 inches. No. 1 General map } .. rr. No. 2 Agricultural areas ji Published by the International Bureau of American Republics. (f) Nicaragua. — From official and other sources. 1904. Scale of 12.5 miles to 1 inch. 1 : 792,000. In two sheets. Each sheet 32 x 32 inches. No. 1 General map } No. 2 Agricultural areas | Published by the International Bureau of American Republics. 1.00 1.00 BOOKS BY OTHER PUBLISHERS WHICH THE BUREAU HAS FOR SALE. Latin America. Practical guide to, including preparation, cost, routes, sightseeing. By Albert Hale, A. B., M. D., Boston. Small, Maynard & Co. 249 pages, 12°, cloth 1.00 Exporting. Elementary lessons in, to which is added an exporters' gazetteer of the world. Bv B. Olney Hough. New York. The Johnston Export Publishing Co., 1909. 427 pages, 8°, cloth. . 3.00 * Supply for distribution exhausted, but copies can be consulted in the library of the Bureau. 117 SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING ORDERS. Orders for publications should be addressed to the International Bureau of American Republics, Washington, D. C. Payment is required in ad- vance, to be made in cash, money orders, or by bank drafts on banks in New York City or Washington, D. C, payable to the order of the In- ternational Bureau of American Republics. Postage stamps of the United States of America will be accepted for amounts not exceeding one (1) dollar. FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION. (Under certain conditions.) The Bureau has for free distribution a limited supply of the following publications, but, in view of the growing demand for many of them and the small sum available for printing, it has been found necessary to make a new regulation that all requests for such matter must be made through, or with the approval of, a United States Senator or Af ember of Congress, except in the case of applications from foreign countries, which should be made through the Embassies or Legations in Washington or through the home Foreign Offices. SPECIAL REPORTS x\ND ARTICLES BY THE DIRECTOR, MR. JOHN BARRETT. *75. Latin America, the Land of Opportunity. A reprint of Official Reports and Special Magazine Articles, by John Barrett, Director of the International Bureau of American Republics, formerly U. S. Minister to Siam, Argentina, Colombia, and Panama. Contains the following articles : "Latin America as a Field for United States Capital and Enterprise," "Resourceful Central America," "Latin America : A Great Commercial Opportunity" ; "A Ready Aid in Foreign Trade." 104 pages and 62 illustrations. Wash- ington, 1909. 2.i. Latin America as a Field for United States Capital and Enter- prise, by John Barrett, Director International Bureau of American Republics. Reprint from "Bankers' Magazine," June, 1907. 29. United States and Latin America, Report on trade conditions and opportunities, by John Barrett, Director, International Bureau of American Republics. Republics of Latin America, Opportunities In. (Articles by Director Barrett, reprinted from the "Independent") : 1909. 78. Brazil; 8 pages, illustrations. 79. Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay; 8 pages, illustrations. 80. The Western Republics of South America ; 8 pages, il- lustrations. 81. The Northern Republics of South America; 8 pages, illustrations. 82. Panama, Central America and Mexico; 8 pages, illus- trations. 83. Cuba, Dominican Republic and Haiti; 8 pages, illustra- tions. 91. Special Report, descriptive of the work and scope of the International Bureau of American Republics, submitted to the Fourth Pan- American Conference, at Buenos Aires, by the Director, John Barrett, July, 1910. 118 72. General Descriptive Data, prepared in June, 1909. Giving geo- graphical sketch, historical sketch, constitution and government, also interior government and cabinet officials. Annual review in 1908 under the following heads : Foreign AfTairs, Finance, Com- merce. Production and Industry, Steamships and Waterways, Post and Telegraphs. (a) Argentine, 32 pages, 15 illustrations. (b) Bolivia, 13 pages, 1 illustration. (c) Brazil, Zl pages, 13 illustrations. (d) Chile, 24 pages, 12 illustrations. (e) Colombia, 26 pages, 7 illustrations. (f) Costa Rica, 19 pages, 8 illustrations. (g) Cuba, 16 pages, 8 illustrations. (h) Dominican Republic, 17 pages, 8 illustrations, (i) Ecuador, 15 pages, 3 illustrations, (j) Guatemala, 16 pages, 4 illustrations. (1) Haiti, 14 pages, 4 illustrations. (m) Honduras, 14 pages, 4 illustrations, (n) Mexico, 33 pages, 9 illustrations. (o) Nicaragua. 14 pages, 5 illustrations, (p) Panama, 15 pages, 4 illustrations, (q) Paraguay. 13 pages, 3 illustrations, (r) Peru, 18 pages, 6 illustrations, (s) Salvador, 11 pages, 2 illustrations, (t) Uruguay. 15 pages, 3 illustrations, (w) Venezuela. 16 pages, 5 illustrations. 2. American Republics, International Bureau of. A folder descriptive of the Bureau. 1909. 85. Argentine International Trade. A Few Figures on Its Develop- ment. Compiled liy Division of Commerce and Industry. 27 pages. Buenos Aires, 1909. 4. Argentine Republic. Mapa de los Ferrocarriles de la Repiiblica Argentina, 1900. (Railroads of the Argentine Republic.) Published by the Ministerio de Obras Publicas, Argentine Republic. 90. Bolivia, Economic Conditions of (with map), by Ignacio Calderon, Minister from Bolivia to the United States. A lecture delivered before the special class in commerce at Harvard University, March 17, 1910. 1?). Brazil in 1910, by J. C. Oakcnfull. Published under the auspices of the Brazilian Government Commission of Propaganda and Eco- nomic Expansion, Paris. Giving geographical sketch, historical sketch, laws, constitution and education, communications, finance and commerce. Bibliographical appendix. 280 pages, cloth bound; illustrations. 9. Central American Peace Conference, English and Spanish. 76. Chile. Great Nitrate Fields of. 19 pages; 22 illustrations. 1909. n. Consular Fees and Invoices of Latin-American Countries. 16 pages. 1909. 14. Conference, Third Pan-American. Acts, Minutes and Resolutions, English. 1908. 16. Cuba, Reports of Hon. Charles E. Magoon, Provisional Governor from October 13, 1906, to December 1, ^907; December 1, 1907, to De- cember 1, 1908. (English.) 17. Dominican Republic, published by direction of the Dominican Gov- ernment for the Jamestown Ter-Centennial Exposition, 1907. *Number to left of title indicates order number in files of mail room. 119 87. Fourth Pan-American Conference, Tentative Program. 36 pages. 1909. 23. Message from the President of the United States, transmitting a communication from the Secretary of State submitting the report, with accompanying papers, of the delegates of the United States to the Second International Conference of American States, held at City of Mexico from October 22, 1901, to January 22, 1902. Wash- ington, 1902. 243 pages, 8° (57th Congress, 1st Session, Senate Doc. No. 330). 24. Message from the President of the United States, transmitting a report from the Secretary of State, with accompanying papers, relative to the proceedings of the International Congress for the study and consumption of coffee, etc. Washington, 1903. 312 pages, 8° paper (57th Congress, 2d Session, Senate Doc. No. 35). 25. Message of the President of the United States, transmitting a report by the Secretary of State, with accompanying papers, relative to the proceedings of the First Customs Congress of the American Republics, held in New York in January, 1903. Washington, 1903. 195 pages, 8° paper. (57th Congress, 2d Session, Senate Doc. No. 180.) Note. — Senate Documents listed above, containing reports of the various International American Congresses, may also be ob- tained from the Senate Document Room through members of the United States Senate, and House of Representatives. 74. Municipal Organizations in Latin America. 1909. (a) Buenos Aires, 16 pages, 12 illustrations. (b) Havana, Cuba, 15 pages, 12 illustrations. (c) Lima, Peru, 17 pages, 14 illustrations. (d) Mexico City, 21 pages, 20 illustrations. (e) Rio de Janeiro, 22 pages, 16 illustrations. (f) Santiago de Chile, 14 pages, 10 illustrations. 86. Nicaragua, Commercial Index of Western. 1909. Issued by the American Consulate at Managua, Nicaragua, in the interest of American trade extension. 18 pages. 84. Products of Latin America. 1909. (a) Cacao, 12 pages, 12 illustrations. (b) Coffee, 12 pages, 11 illustrations. (c) Cotton, 15 pages, 12 illustrations. (d) Rubber and Its Relatives, 21 pages, 20 illustrations. (e) Tobacco, 21 pages, 18 illustrations. 88. Program and Rules of the International Agricultural Exhibi- tion, to be held at Palermo (Buenos Aires) by the Sociedad Rural Argentina (Argentine Rural Society) from 3d of June to 31st of July, 1910, under the auspices of the Government of the Argentine Republic in celebration of the First Centennial of the Argentine Emancipation, May 25, 1810. 94 pages. 26. Sanitary Convention of American Republics, Transactions of the Second International. 460 pages. Washington, 1906. 67. Sanitary Conference of the American Republics, Transactions of the Third International. Held at the National Palace, City of Mexico. December 2-7, 1907. 251 pages; illustrations. 89. Scientific Congress, Report of the Delegates of the United States to the Pan-American. Held at Santiago, Chile, December 25, 1908, to January 5, 1909. 65 pages. 120 TRADE REPORTS. Rkprints from U. S. Department of Commerce and Labor. 31. Argentina, Paragiav, and Uruguay, Trade conditions in, by Lincoln Hutchin.'^on, 1906. 32. Brazil, Trade Conditions in, by Lincoln Hutchinson, 1906. 23. Central America and on the West Coast of South America, Trade Conditions in, by Lincoln Hutchinson, 1906. 34. Colombia. A report by Charles M. Pepper, Special Agent of the Department of Commerce and Labor. 35. Cuba. Trade Conditions in (1906), l)y Charles M. Pepper, Special Agent, Department of Commerce and Labor. 36. Ecuador, Report on Trade Conditions in (1908). 37. Mexico, Trade Conditions in, by Charles M. Pepper. U. S. CONSULAR REPORTS— ANNUAL SERIES. Reprints from U. S. Department of Commerce and Labor. 40. Argentina, Trade for the year 1907. 41. Brazil, Trade for the year 1907. • 42. Chile, Trade for the year 1907. 43. Colombia, Venezuela, British and Dutch Guiana, Trade for the year 1907. 44. Cuba, Trade for the year 1907. 45. Haiti and Santo Domingo, Trade for the year 1907. 46. Mexico, Trade for the year 1907. 47. Panama, Trade for the year 1907. MISCELLANEOUS. 60. Charter and By-Laws of The Central American Fraternity, 1908. 66. Post Cards showing Flags of the Twenty-one American Republics. Indexes to Monthly Bulletin of The International Bureau of the American Republics. 63a. Same. Volume 28. January to June, 1909. 63b. Same. Volume 29. July to December, 1909. (Published in English, Spanish, Portuguese and French.) 68. The Restoration of National Government in Cuba. A speech by Mr. Joaquim Nabuco. 69. Lincoln's Centenary. A speech by Mr. Joaquim Nabuco, Ambas- sador of Brazil. 70. Mr. Root and Peace. A speech by Mr. Joaquim Nabuco, Ambas- sador of Brazil. 71. Winning Foreign Markets. Extracts referring to Latin America from Winning Foreign Markets containing suggestions for the extension of Trade bv American Manufacturers and Exporters. April, 1908. Pages, 244. Note. — The Bureau has published during the last tu'enty years hundreds of other reports and pamphlets mentioned under the head of other publications in this report. These can all be consulted in the library of the Bureau, but the supply for dis- tribution is exhausted. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 015 848 770 6