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AS I SJ ill , I DREAMED A DREAM, 
 
 
ALTEMUS' YOUNG PEOPLES LIBRARY 
 t 
 
 THE 
 
 Pilgrims Progress 
 
 BY 
 
 JOHN BUNYAN 
 
 WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS^ 
 
 3t*Zrk 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
 HENRY ALTEMUS 
 
 1895 
 

 I 
 
 IN 
 
 UNIFORM BINDING 
 
 
 PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED 
 
 ROBINSON 
 
 CRUSOE 
 
 BUNYAN'S 
 
 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 
 
 A CHILD'S 
 
 STORY OF THE BIBLE 
 
 A CHILD'S 
 
 LIFE OF CHRIST 
 
 ALICE'S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND 
 
 THROUGH 
 
 THE LOOKING-GLASS 
 
 Copyrighted, 1S95, by Henry Altemus 
 
 HENRY ALTEMUS, MANUFACTURER 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS is the most popular stoiy- 
 book in the world. With the exception of the Bible it has 
 been translated into more languages than any other book ever 
 
 printed. 
 
 John Bunyan is one of the two or three greatest writers of 
 pure English. His style is a perfect model of simple, straight, 
 plain and delightful writing. 
 
 A demand seems to exist for an edition of this established 
 work more suited to young people with our latter day tastes. 
 The story is here told in Bunyan' s precise words. In a very few 
 instances the text has been shortened but in no case mutilated; 
 and his teachings and all the doctrinal features of his marvellous 
 allegory are untouched. 
 
 The first edition of the book was issued in 1678, and more 
 than 100,000 copies were sold in the twenty years following its 
 
 appearance. 
 
 It is hoped that the present copiously illustrated edition may 
 lead young readers to an appreciation of the author, and a 
 further acquaintance with the facts in his eventful life. 
 
 He composed and published many other works, some of 
 great practical usefulness ; but these were eclipsed by the lasting 
 fame and popularity attained by this his greatest production. 
 
THE AUTHOR'S APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK. 
 
 WHEN at the first I took my pen in hand, 
 Thus for to write, I did not understand 
 That I at all should make a little book 
 In such a mode ; nay, I had undertook 
 To make another ; which, when almost done, 
 Before I was aware, I this begun. 
 
 And thus it was: I, writing of the way 
 And race of saints in this our gospel-day, 
 Fell suddenly into an allegory 
 About their journey and the way to glory, 
 In more than twenty things, which I set down: 
 This done. I twenty more had in my crown ; 
 And then again began to multiply, 
 Like sparks that from the coals of fire do fly. 
 Nay, then, thought I, if that you breed so fast, 
 I'll put you by yourselves, lest you at last 
 Should prove ad infinitum, and eat out 
 The book that I already am about. 
 
 Well, so I did; but yet I did not think 
 To show to all the world my pen and ink 
 In such a mode; I only thought to make 
 I knew not what ; nor did I undertake. 
 Thereby to please my neighbor ; no, not I ; 
 I did it mine own self to gratify. 
 
viii THE A UTHORS APOLOG Y FOR HIS BOOK. 
 
 Neither did I but vacant seasons spend 
 In this my scribble; nor did I intend 
 But to divert myself, in doing this, . 
 
 From worser thoughts, which make me do amiss. 
 
 Thus I set pen to paper with delight, 
 And quickly had my thoughts in black and white. 
 For having now my method by the end, 
 Still as I pull'd, it came; and so I penn d 
 It down ; until at last it came to be, 
 For length and breadth, the bigness which you see. 
 
 Well when I had thus put my ends together, 
 I showed them others, that I might see whether 
 They would condemn them, or them justify; 
 And some said, Let them live; some Let them die: 
 Some said, John, print it; others said, Not so: 
 Some said, It might do good; others said, No. 
 
 Now was I in a strait, and did not see 
 Which was the best thing to be done by me: 
 At last I thought, Since you are thus divided, 
 I print it will; and so the case decided. 
 
 For, thought I, some I see would have it done. 
 Though others in that channel do not run: 
 To prove, then, who advised for the best, 
 Thus I thought fit to put it to the test. 
 
 I further thought, if now I did deny 
 Those that would have it thus to gratify, 
 I did not know, but hinder them I might 
 Of that which would to them be great delight: 
 For those which were not for its coming forth, 
 I said to them, Offend you I am loath; 
 Yet since your brethren pleased with it be, 
 Forbear to judge, till you do further see. 
 
THE A UTHORS APOLOGY FOR HIS WOK. ix 
 
 If that thou wilt not read, let it alone ; 
 Some love the meat, some love to pick the bone ; 
 Yea, that I might them better moderate, 
 I did too with them thus expostulate : 
 
 May I not write in such a style as this ? 
 In such a method, too, and yet not miss 
 My end, thy good? Why may it not be done ? 
 Dark clouds bring waters, when the bright bring none. 
 Yea, dark or bright, if they their silver drops 
 Cause to descend, the earth, by yielding crops, 
 Gives praise to both, and carpeth not at either, 
 But treasures up the fruit they yield together ; 
 Yea, so commixes both, that in their fruit 
 None can distinguish this from that; they suit 
 Her well when hungry ; but if she be full, 
 She spews out both, and makes their blessing null. 
 
 You see the ways the fisherman doth take 
 To catch the fish ; what engines doth he make. 
 Behold ! how he engageth all his wits ; 
 Also his snares, lines, angles, hooks, and nets: 
 Yet fish there be that neither hook nor line, 
 Nor snare, nor net, nor engine, can make thine: 
 They must be groped for, and be tickled too, 
 Or they will not be catch' d, what e'er you do. 
 How does the fowler seek to catch his game ? 
 By divers means, all which one cannot name: 
 His guns, his nets, his lime-twigs, light, and bell; 
 He creeps, he goes, he stands ; yea, who can tell 
 Of all his postures? Yet there's none of these 
 Will make him master of what fowls he please. 
 Yea, he must pipe and whistle to catch this, 
 Yet, if he does so, that bird he will miss. 
 
 If that a pearl may in a toad's head dwell, 
 And may be found, too, in an oyster shell: 
 If things that promise nothing do contain 
 What better is than gold, who will disdain, 
 
THE A UTHORS APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK. 
 
 That have an inkling of it there to look, 
 That they may find it ? Now, my little book 
 (Though void of all these paintings that may make 
 It with this or the other man to take) 
 Is not without those things that do excel 
 What do in brave but empty notions dwell. 
 
 Well, yet I am not fully satisfied, 
 That this your book will stand when soundly tried. 
 
 Why, what's the matter? It is dark ! What though i 
 But it is feigned. What of that, I trow? 
 Some men, by feigned words, as dark as mine, 
 Make truth to spangle, and its rays to shine ! 
 But they want solidness. Speak, man, thy mind ! 
 They drown the weak ; metaphors make us blind. 
 
 Solidity, indeed, becomes the pen 
 Of him that writeth things divine to men : 
 But must I needs want solidness, because 
 By metaphors I speak? Were not God's laws, 
 His gospel laws, in olden time held forth 
 By shadows, types, and metaphors ? Yet loath 
 Will any sober man be to find fault 
 With them, lest he be found for to assault 
 The Highest Wisdom. No; he rather stoops. 
 And seeks to find out what by pins and loops, 
 By calves and sheep, by heifers and by rams, 
 By birds and herbs, and by the blood of lambs 
 God speaketh to him ; and happy is he 
 That finds the light and grace that in them be. 
 
 Be not too forward, therefore, to conclude 
 That I want solidness, that I am rude: 
 All things solid in show, not solid be: 
 All things in parable despise not we, 
 Lest things most hurtful lightly we receive, 
 And things that good are, of our souls bereave. 
 My dark and cloudy words, they do but hold 
 The truth, as cabinets enclose the gold. 
 
THE A UTHORS APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK. xi 
 
 The prophers used much by metaphors 
 To set forth truth ; yea whoso considers 
 Christ, His apostles too, shall plainly see 
 The truths to this day in such mantles be. 
 
 Am I afraid to say that Holy Writ, 
 Which for its style and phrase puts down all wit, 
 Is everywhere so full of all these things 
 (Dark figures, allegories) ? yet there springs 
 From that same book that lustre, and those rays 
 Of light, that turn our darkest nights to days. 
 
 Come, let my carper to his life now look, 
 And find there darker linest han in my book 
 He findeth any ; yea, and let him know, 
 • That in his best things there are worse lines too. 
 
 May we but stand before impartial men, 
 To his poor one I dare adventure ten 
 That they will take my meaning in these lines 
 Far better than his lies in silver shrines. 
 Come, Truth, although in swaddling-clouts I find, 
 Informs the judgment, rectifies the mind; 
 Pleases the understanding, makes the will 
 Submit; the memory, too, it doth fill 
 With what both our imagination please ; 
 Likewise it tends our troubles to appease. 
 
 Sound words, I know, Timothy is to use, 
 And old wives' fables he is to refuse ; 
 But yet grave Paul him nowhere did forbid 
 The use of parables, in which lay hid 
 That gold, those pearls, and precious stones that were 
 Worth digging for, and that with greatest care. 
 
 Let me add one word more: Oh, man of God! 
 Art thou offended ? Dost thou wish I had 
 Put forth my matter in another dress ? 
 Or that I had in things been more express ? 
 To those that are my betters, as is fit, 
 Three things let me propound, then I submit: 
 
xii THE A UTHORS APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK. 
 
 i. I find not that I am denied the use 
 Of this my method, so I no abuse 
 Put on the words, things, readers, or be rude 
 In handling figure or similitude 
 In application ; but all that I may- 
 Seek the advance of truth, this or that way. 
 Denied, did I say ? Nay, I have leave 
 (Examples too, and that from them that have 
 God better pleased, by their words or ways, 
 Than any man that breatheth nowadays) 
 Thus to express my mind, thus to declare 
 Things unto thee that excellentest are. 
 
 2. I find that men (as high as trees) will write 
 Dialogue-wise ; yet no man doth them slight 
 For writing so ; indeed, if they abuse 
 
 Truth, cursed be they, and the craft they use 
 To that intent ; but yet let truth be free 
 To make her sallies upon thee and me, 
 Which way it pleases God ; for who knows how 
 Better than He that taught us first to plough, 
 To guide our minds and pens for His design ? 
 And He makes base things usher in Divine. 
 
 3. I find that Holy Writ, in many places, 
 
 Hath semblance with this method, where the cases 
 Do call for one thing to set forth another: 
 Use it I may then, and yet nothing smother 
 Truth's golden beams: nay, by this method may 
 Make it cast forth its rays as light as day. 
 
 And now, before I do put up my pen, 
 I'll show the profit of my book, and then 
 Commit both me and it unto that Hand 
 That pulls the strong down, and makes weak ones stand. 
 
 This book, it chalketh out before thine eyes 
 The man that seeks the everlasting prize: 
 It shows yon whence he comes, whither he goes; 
 What he leaves undone ; also what he does ; 
 
THE A UTHORS APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK, xm 
 
 It also shows you how he runs and runs, 
 Till he unto the Gate of Glory comes. 
 It shows, too, who set out for life amain, 
 As if the lasting crown they would obtain. 
 Here also you may see the reason why 
 They lose their labor, and like fools do die. 
 
 This book will make a traveller of thee, 
 If by its counsel thou wilt ruled be ; 
 It will direct thee to the Holy Land, 
 If thou wilt its direction understand ; 
 Yea, it will make the slothful active be ; 
 The blind also delightful things to see. 
 
 Art thou for something rare and profitable, 
 Or wouldst thou see a truth within a fable ? 
 Art thou forgetful ? Wouldst thou remember 
 From New-year's day to the last of December ? 
 Then read my fancies; they will stick like burs, 
 And may be to the helpless comforters. 
 
 This book is writ in such a dialect 
 As may the minds of listless men affect ; 
 It seems a novelty, and yet contains 
 Nothing but sound and honest gospel strains. 
 
 Wouldst thou divert thyself from melancholy ? 
 Wouldst thou be pleasant, yet be far from folly ? 
 Wouldst thou read riddles and their explanation, 
 Or else be drowned in thy contemplation ? 
 Dost thou love picking meat ? Or wouldst thou see 
 A man i' the clouds, and hear him speak to thee ? 
 Wouldst thou be in a dream and yet not sleep ? 
 Or wouldst thou in a moment laugh and weep ? 
 Wouldst thou lose thyself and catch no harm, 
 And find thyself again without a charm ? 
 Wouldst read thyself, and read thou knowest not what, 
 And yet know whether thou art blest or not, 
 By reading the same lines? Oh, then, come hither, 
 And lay my book, thy head, and heart together. 
 
 JOHN BUN VAX. 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 AS I walked through the wilderness of this world, I 
 lighted on a certain place where was a Den, and I 
 laid me down in that place to sleep ; and, as I slept, I 
 dreamed a dream. I dreamed I saw a man clothed 
 with rags, standing in a certain place, with his face 
 from his own house, a book in his hand, and a great 
 burden upon his back. I looked, and saw him open 
 the book, and read therein ; and, as he read, he wept 
 and trembled ; and, not being able longer to contain he 
 brake out with a lamentable cry, saying, " What shall 
 I do?" 
 
 In this plight, therefore, -he went home and retrained 
 himself as long as he could, that his wife and children 
 should not perceive his distress ; but he could not be 
 silent long, because that his trouble increased. Where- 
 
12 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 fore at length he brake his mind to his wife and chil- 
 dren ; and thus he began to talk to them : O my dear 
 wife, said he, and you my children, I am undone by 
 reason of a burden that lieth hard upon me ; moreover, 
 I am for certain informed that this our city will be burned 
 with fire from heaven ; in which fearful overthrow, both 
 myself, with thee, my wife, and you, my sweet babes, 
 shall miserably come to ruin, except some way of 
 escape can be found. At this his relations were sore 
 amazed ; not for that they believed that what he said 
 to them was true, but because they thought that some 
 frenzy distemper had got into his head ; therefore, it 
 drawing towards night, and they hoping that sleep 
 might settle his brains, with all haste they got him to 
 bed. But the night w T as as troublesome to him as the 
 day ; wherefore, instead of sleeping, he spent it in 
 sighs and tears. So, when the morning was come, they 
 asked how he did. He told them, Worse and worse : 
 and set to talking to them again ; but they began to be 
 hardened. The also thought to drive away his dis- 
 temper by harsh and surly carriages to him ; some- 
 times they would deride, sometimes chide, and some- 
 times they would quite neglect him. Wherefore he 
 began to retire himself to his chamber, to pray for and 
 pity them, and also to condole his own misery ; he 
 would also walk solitarily in the fields, sometimes read- 
 ing and sometimes praying : and thus for some days he 
 spent his time. 
 
 Now, I saw, when he was walking in the fields, that 
 he was reading in his book, and greatly distressed in 
 his mind ; and, as he read, he burst out, as he had 
 done before, crying, " What shall I do to be saved ? " 
 
 I saw also that he looked this way and that way, as 
 if he would run ; yet he stood still, because, as I per- 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 *3 
 
 ceived, he could not tell in which way to go. I 
 looked then, and saw a man named Evangelist com- 
 ing to him, who asked, Wherefore dost thou cry ? 
 
 He answered, Sir, I 
 perceive by the book in 
 my hand, that I am con- 
 demned to die, and after 
 that to come to judg- 
 ment ; and I find that I 
 am not willing to do the 
 first, nor able to do the 
 second. 
 
 Then said Evangelist, 
 Why not willing to die, 
 since this life is attend- 
 ed with so many evils ? 
 The man answered, Be- 
 cause I fear that this 
 burden that is upon my 
 back will sink me lower 
 than the grave, and I 
 shall fall into Tophet. 
 And, Sir, if I be not fit 
 to go to prison, I am 
 not fit, I am sure, to go 
 to judgment, and from 
 thence to execution ; 
 and the thought of these 
 things make me cry. 
 
 Then said Evangelist, 
 If this be by condition, why standest thou still ? He 
 answered, Because I know not whither to go. Then 
 he gave him a parchment roll, and there was written 
 within, "Flee from the wrath to come. 
 
 HE BEGAN TO PRAY. 
 
H 
 
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 The man, therefore, read it, and looking upon 
 Evangelist very carefully, said, Whither must 1 fly ? 
 Then said Evangelist, pointing with his finger over 
 a very wide field, Do you see yon- 
 der wicket-gate ? The man said, 
 No. ' Then said the other, Do you 
 see yonder shining light ? He 
 said, I think I do. Then said 
 Evangelist, Keep that light in 
 your eye, and go up directly 
 thereto ; so shalt thou see the 
 gate ; at which, when thou knock- 
 est, it shall be told thee what 
 thou shalt do. So I saw in my 
 dream that the man began to run. 
 Now, he had not run far from his 
 own door, but his wife and chil- 
 dren, perceiving it, began to cry 
 after him to return ; but the man 
 put his fingers in his ears, and 
 ran on crying, Life ! life ! eternal 
 life ! So he looked not behind 
 him, but fled towards the middle 
 of the plain. 
 
 The neighbors also came out to 
 see him run, and, as he ran, some 
 mocked, others threatened, and 
 some cried after him to return ; 
 pliable. an d, among those that did so, 
 
 there ^were two that resolved to 
 fetch him back by force. The name of the one was 
 Obstinate, and the name of the other was Pliable. 
 Now, by this time, the man was a good distance from 
 them ; but they pursued him, and in a little time they 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 *5 
 
 overtook him. Then said the man, Neighbors, where- 
 fore are ye come ? They said, To persuade you to go 
 back with us. But he said, That can by no means be ; 
 you dwell in the City of 
 Destruction, the place 
 where I also was born ; 
 I see it to be so; and, 
 dying there, sooner or 
 later, you will sink lower 
 than the grave, into 
 a place that burns with 
 fire and brimstone ; be 
 content, good neigh- 
 bors, and go along with 
 me. 
 
 Obstinate. What ! 
 and leave our friends 
 and our comforts be- 
 hind us ? 
 
 Yes, said Christian, 
 for that was his name, 
 because that all which 
 you shall forsake is not 
 worthy to be compared 
 with a little of that 
 which I am seeking to 
 enjoy, and if you will 
 go along with me, you 
 shall fare as I myself; 
 for there where I go, is 
 enough and to spare. Come away and prove my words. 
 
 Obstinate. What are the things you seek, since 
 you leave all the world to find them? 
 
 Christian. I seek an inheritance incorruptible, un- 
 
 obstinate. 
 
1 6 THE PILGRnrS PROGRESS. 
 
 defiled, and that fadeth not away, and it is laid up safe 
 in heaven, to be bestowed, at the time appointed, on 
 them that dilig.L-: -eek it. Read it so, it you will, in 
 my book. 
 
 stinate. Tush! away with your book; will you 
 go back with us or no ? 
 
 Christian. No, no: I. because I have laid my hand 
 to the plough. 
 
 Obstinate. Come, then, neighbor Pliable, let us 
 turn and go home without him ; there is a company of 
 these crazy-headed coxcombs, that, when they take a 
 fancy, are wiser in their own eyes than seven men that 
 can render a reason. 
 
 Pliable. Then, don't revile; if what good Christian 
 is true, the things he looks after are better than 
 ours : my heart inclines to go with my neighbor. 
 
 Obstinate. What! mure fools still ! Be ruled by me, 
 and go back ; who knows whither such a brain-sick fel- 
 low will lead you ? Go back, go back, and be wise. 
 
 Christian. Nay, but do thou come with thy neigh- 
 bor Pliable; there are to be had such things as I spoke 
 of, and many more glories besides. If you believe me 
 not, read in this book; and for the truth of what is 
 pressed therein, behold, ail is confirmed by the blood of 
 Him that made it. 
 
 Pliable. Well, neighbor Obstinate, I begin to come 
 to a point; I intend to go along and ca^ t with 
 
 this good man; but, my good companion, do you know 
 the way to this desired pla. 
 
 Christian. I am directed by a man, whose name is 
 Evangelist, to speed me to a little gate that is before us, 
 where we shall receive instructions about the way. 
 
 Pliable. Come, then, good neighbor, let us be go- 
 ing. Then they went together. 
 
THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 1 7 
 
 Obstinate. And I will go back to my place. I will 
 be no companion of such misled, fantastical fellows. 
 
 Now, I saw in my dream, that, when Obstinate was 
 gone back, Christian and Pliable went talking over the 
 plain ; and thus they began their discourse. 
 
 Christian. Come, neighbor Pliable, how do you do? 
 I am glad you are persuaded to go along with me. Had 
 even Obstinate himself but felt what I have felt of the 
 powers and terrors of what is yet unseen, he would not 
 thus lightly have given us the back. 
 
 Pliable. Come, neighbor Christian, since there are 
 none but us two here, tell me now further what the 
 things are, and how to be enjoyed, whither we are 
 going. 
 
 Christian. I can better conceive of them with my 
 mind, than speak of them with my tongue, but yet, 
 since you are desirous to know, I will read of them in 
 my book. 
 
 Pliable. And do you think that the words of your 
 book are certainly true ? 
 
 Christian. Yes, verily; for it was made by Him that 
 cannot lie. 
 
 Pliable. Well said; what things are they ? 
 
 Christian. There is an endless kingdom to be in- 
 habited, and everlasting life to be given us, that we may 
 inhabit that kingdom forever. 
 
 Pliable. Well said; and what else ? 
 
 Christian. There are crowns of glory to be given 
 us, and garments that will make us shine like the sun 
 in the firmament of heaven. 
 
 Pliable. This is very pleasant; and what else ? 
 
 Christian. There shall be no more crying, nor sor- 
 row ; for he that is owner of the place will wipe all tears 
 from our eyes. 
 I* 
 
18 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 Pliable. And what company shall we have there ? 
 
 Christian. There we shall be with seraphims and 
 cherubims, creatures that will dazzle your eyes to look 
 on them. There also you shall meet with thousands 
 and ten thousands that have gone before us, none of 
 them are hurtful, but loving and holy; every one walk- 
 ing in the sight of God, and in his presence with accept- 
 ance for ever. In a word, there we shall see the elders 
 with their golden crowns; there we shall see the holy 
 virgins with their golden harps; there we shall see men 
 that by the world were cut in pieces, burnt in flames, 
 eaten of beasts, drowned in the seas, for the love that 
 they bare to the Lord of the place, all well, and clothed 
 with immorality as with a garment. 
 
 Pliable. The hearing of this is enough to ravish 
 one's heart. But are these things to be enjoyed ? How 
 shall we get to be sharers thereof ? 
 
 Christian. The Lord, the Governor of the country, 
 hath recorded that in this book ; the substance of which 
 is, If we be truly willing to have it, he will bestow it 
 upon us freely. 
 
 Pliable. Well, my good companion, glad am I to 
 hear of these things; come on, let us mend our pace. 
 
 Christian. I cannot go so fast as I would, by reason 
 of this burden that is on my back. 
 
 Now, I saw in my dream, that just as they had ended 
 this talk they drew near to a very miry slough, that 
 was in the midst of the plain; and they, being heedless, 
 did both fall suddenly into the bog. The name of the 
 slough was Despond. Here, therefore, they wallowed 
 for a time, being grievously bedaubed with dirt ; and 
 Christian, because of the burden that was on his back 
 began to sink in the mire. 
 
 Pliable. Ah ! neighbor Christian, where are you 
 now ? 
 
christian STRJJGQIWG in Tm<: si.oicii, 
 
20 THE PILGRIMS PROGRJ 
 
 Truly, said Christian, I do not know. 
 
 Pliable. At this Pliable began to be offended, and 
 
 angrily said to his fellow. Is this the happiness you 
 
 have told me all this while of ? If we have such ill 
 
 ed at our first setting out, what may ect be- 
 
 xt this and our journey's end ? V : out again 
 
 th my life, you shall possess the brave country alone. 
 And, with tha:. he a desperate struggle or r 
 
 and got out of the mire on the side next to his own 
 house : so away he went, and Christian saw him no 
 more. 
 
 Wherefore Christian was left :o tumble in the Slough 
 of I ] alone ; but still he endeavored to struggle to 
 
 tha: still further from his own house, and 
 
 next : the wicket-gate : the which he did, but could 
 net get out be. f the burden that was upon his 
 
 back ; but I beheld in my dream, that a man came to 
 him, whose name was Help, and asked him, What he 
 did there ? 
 
 Christian. Sir, I ^vas bid go this way by a man 
 called Evangelist, who directed me also to yonder ga 
 that I might escape the wrath to come ; and as I 
 going thither I fell in here. 
 
 Help. But why did not you look for the steps : 
 
 Christian. Fear followed me so hard, that I fled the 
 next way, and fell in. 
 
 Help then gave him his hand, and he drew him out, 
 and set him upon sound ground, and bid him go on his 
 way. 
 
 Then I stepped to him that plucked him out, and said, 
 Sir, since over this place is the way from the City of 
 Destruction to yonder gate, why is it :'":at this plat is 
 not mended, that poor travellers might go thither with 
 more security ? And he said unto me. This miry slough 
 
THE PIL GRIM' S PRO GRESS. 2 1 
 
 is such a place as cannot be mended ; it is the descent 
 whither the scum and filth that attends conviction for 
 sin doth continually run, and therefore it is called the 
 Slough of Despond ; for still, as the sinner is awakened 
 about his lost condition, there ariseth in his soul many 
 fears, and doubts and discouragements, all of which get 
 together, and settle in this place. And this is the rea- 
 son of the badness of this ground. It is not the pleas- 
 ure of the King that this place should remain so bad. 
 His laborers have, by the direction of His Majesty's 
 surveyors, been for over sixteen hundred years em- 
 ployed about this patch of ground, if perhaps it might 
 be mended : yea, and to my knowledge, here have been 
 swallowed up at least twenty thousand cartloads, yea, 
 millions of good instructions, that have been brought 
 from all places of the King's dominions, and they say 
 they are the best materials to make good ground of the 
 place, if so be it might have been mended ; but it is the 
 Slough of Despond still, and so will be when they have 
 done what they can. 
 
 True, there are, by the direction of the Lawgiver, 
 certain good and substantial steps, placed even through 
 the very midst of this slough; but as this place doth 
 much spew out its filth, as it doth at change of weather, 
 these steps are hardly seen ; and men, through the diz- 
 ziness of their heads, step beside, and are bemired not- 
 withstanding the steps be there ; but the ground is good 
 when they are once in the gate. 
 
 Now, I saw in my dream, that by this time Pliable 
 was got home to his house again, so that his neighbors 
 came to visit him ; and some of them called him wise 
 man for coming back, and some called him fool for haz- 
 arding himself with Christian ; others again did mock 
 at his cowardliness saying, Surely, since you began to 
 
22 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 venture, I would not have been so base to have given 
 out for a few difficulties. So Pliable sat sneaking among 
 them. But at last he got more confidence, and then 
 they all turned their tales, and began to deride poor 
 Christian behind his back. 
 
 Now, as Christian was walking by himself, he espied 
 one afar off, come crossing over the field to meet him ; 
 and their hap was to meet just as they were crossing the 
 way of each other. The gentleman's name was Mr. 
 Wordly Wiseman ; he dwelt in the town of Carnal 
 Policy, a very great town, hardby from whence Chris- 
 tian came. This man then, meeting with Christian, 
 and having heard of his setting forth from the City of 
 Destruction, as it was much noised abroad, not only 
 in the town where he dwelt, but, also it began to be 
 the town talk in some other places. Mr. Worldly 
 Wiseman, beholding his laborious going, and observing 
 his sighs and groans, and the like, began thus to enter 
 into some talk with Christian. 
 
 Worldly. How now, good fellow, whither away 
 after this burdened manner ? 
 
 Christian. A. burdened manner, indeed, as ever 
 poor creature had ! And whereas you ask me, Whither 
 away ? I tell you, Sir, I am going to yonder wicket- 
 gate before me ; for there, as I am informed, I shall be 
 put into a way to get rid of my heavy burden. 
 
 Worldly. Hast thou a wife and children ? 
 
 Christian. Yes ; but I am so ladden with this bur- 
 den, that I cannot take that pleasure in them as for- 
 merly ; methinks I am as if I had none. 
 
 Worldly. Wilt thou hearken unto me if I give thee 
 counsel ? 
 
 Christian. If it be good, I will ; for I stand in need 
 of good counsel. 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 23 
 
 Worldly. I would advise thee, then, that thou with 
 all speed get rid of thy burden ; for thou wilt never be 
 
 WORLDLY WISEMAN. 
 
 settled in thy mind till then ; nor canst thou enjoy the 
 benefits of the blessing which God has bestowed upon 
 thee till then. 
 
24 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 Christian. I seek to be rid of this heavy burden ; 
 but get it off myself, I cannot ; nor is there any man in 
 our country that can take it off my shoulders ; so I am 
 going this way, as I told you, that I may be rid of it. 
 
 Worldly. Who bid thee go this way to be rid of thy 
 burden ? 
 
 Christian. A man that appeared to me to be a very 
 great and honorable person ; his name, as I remember, 
 is Evangelist. 
 
 Worldly. I beshrew him for his counsel ! there is 
 not a more dangerous and troublesome way in the 
 world than is that unto which he hath directed thee ; 
 and that thou shalt find, if thou wilt be ruled by his 
 counsel. Thou hast met with something, as I perceive, 
 already ; for I see the dirt of the Slough of Despond is 
 upon thee ; but that slough is the beginning of the sor- 
 rows that do attend those that go on in that way. 
 Hear me, I am older than thou ; thou art like to meet 
 with, in the way which thou goest, weariness, pain, 
 hunger, perils, nakedness, sword, lions, dragons, dark- 
 ness, and death. These things are certainly true, hav- 
 ing been confirmed by many testimonies. And why 
 should a man so carelessly cast away himself, by giving 
 heed to a stranger ? 
 
 Christian. Why, Sir, this burden upon my back is 
 more terrible to me than are all these things which you 
 have mentioned ; nay, methinks I care not what I meet 
 with in the way, if so be I can also meet with deliver- 
 ance from my burden. 
 
 Worldly. How earnest thou by the burden at first ? 
 
 Christian. By reading this book in my hand. 
 
 Worldly. I thought so ; and it is happened unto 
 thee as to other weak men, who, meddling with things 
 too high for them, do suddenly fall into distractions, 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 25 
 
 which do not only unman men, as thine, I perceive has 
 done thee, but run them upon desperate ventures to ob- 
 tain they know not what. 
 
 Christian. I know what I would obtain • it is ea<e 
 from my heavy burden. 
 
 Worldly. Hadst thou but patience to hear me I 
 could direct thee to the obtaining of what thou desire'st 
 without the dangers thou wilt run thyself into • yea' 
 and the remedy is at hand. Besides, instead of 'those 
 dangers, tnou shalt meet with safety, friendship and 
 content. 
 
 Christian. Pray, Sir, open this secret to me 
 Worldly. Why, in yonder village, named Moral- 
 ity, there dwells a gentleman whose name is Legality 
 a very judicious man, and a man of a very good nam'-' 
 that has skill to help men off with such burdens as 
 thine ; yea, to my knowledge, he hath done a great 
 deal of good this way ; ay, and he hath skill to cure 
 those that are somewhat crazed in their wits with their 
 burdens. To him go and be helped presently His 
 house is not quite a mile from this place, and if he 
 should not be at home himself, he hath a pretty youno- 
 man to his son, whose name is Civility, that can do it as 
 well as the old gentleman himself ; there, I say thou 
 mayest be eased of thy burden ; and if thou art not 
 minded to go back to thy former habitation, as, indeed 
 I would not wish thee, thou mayest send for thy wife 
 and children to thee to this village, where there are 
 houses now empty, one of which thou mayest have at 
 reasonable rates ; provision is there also cheap and 
 good ; and that which will make thy life the more 
 happy is, to be sure, there thou shalt live by honest 
 neighbors, in credit and good fashion. 
 
 Now was Christian somewhat to a stand ; but pros- 
 
26 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 ently he concluded, If this be true, which this gentle- 
 man hath said, my wisest course is to take his advice; 
 and wtih that he thus further spoke, Sir, which is my 
 way to this honest man's house ? 
 
 Worldly.- Do you see yonder hill ? As you go by 
 it the first house you come to is his. 
 
 So Christian turned out of his way to go to Mr. 
 Legality's house for help ; but, behold, when he was 
 got now hard-by the hill, it seemed so high, and also 
 that side of it that was next the wayside, did hang so 
 much over, that Christian was afraid to venture further, 
 lest the hill should fall on his head ; wherefore there he 
 stood still, and knew not what to do. His burden now 
 seemed heavier to him than before. There came also 
 flashes of fire out of the hill, that made Christian sweat 
 and quake for fear that he should be burned. 
 
 And now he began to be sorry that he had taken 
 Worldly Wiseman's counsel. Then he saw Evangelist 
 coming to meet him ; at the sight of whom he began to 
 blush for shame. Evangelist drew nearer ; and com- 
 ing up to him, looked upon him with a severe coun- 
 tenance, and thus began to reason with Christian. 
 
 Evangelist. What dost thou here, Christian? Which 
 words Christian knew not what to answer, and stood 
 speechless before him. Then said Evangelist. Art 
 not thou the man that I found crying without the walls 
 of the City of Destruction ? 
 
 Christian. Yes, dear Sir, I am the man. 
 
 Evangelist. Did I not direct the way to the little 
 wicket-gate ? 
 
 Christian. Yes, dear Sir. 
 
 Evangelist. How is it then, that thou art so quick- 
 ly turned aside ? for thou art now out of the way. 
 
 Christian. I met with a gentleman so soon as I had 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 27 
 
 got over the Slough of Despond, who persuaded me 
 that I might, in yonder village, find a man that could 
 take off my burden. He looked like a gentleman, and 
 talked much to me, and got me at last to yield ; so I 
 came hither ; but when I beheld this hill, and how it 
 hangs over the way, I suddenly made a stand lest it 
 should fall on my head. 
 
 Evangelist. What said that gentleman to you ? 
 
 Christian. Why, he asked me whither I was going? 
 And I told him. He asked me if I had a family ? And 
 I told him. But, said I, I am so loaden with the bur- 
 den that is on my back, that I cannot take pleasure 
 in them as formerly. He also bid me with speed get 
 rid of my burden ; and I told him it was ease that I 
 sought. And, said I, I am therefore going to yonder 
 gate, to receive further direction how I may get to 
 the place of deliverance. So he said that he would 
 show me a better way, and short, not so attended with 
 difficulties as the way, Sir, that you set me in ; which 
 way, said he, will direct you to a gentleman's house 
 that hath skill to take off these burdens, so I believed 
 him, and turned out of that way into this. But when 
 I came to this place, and beheld things as they are, I 
 stopped for fear of danger; but I now know not what 
 to do. 
 
 Then, said Evangelist, stand still a little, that I may 
 show thee the words of God. So he stood trembling. 
 Then said Evangelist, " See that ye refuse not him that 
 speaketh. For if they escaped not who refused him 
 that spake on earth, much more sliall not we escape y if 
 we turn away from him that spcakctJi from heaven. 
 Now the just shall live by faith : but if any man draw- 
 back, my soul shall have no pleasure in him." He also 
 did thus apply them : Thou art the man that art run- 
 
28 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 ning into this misery ; thou hast begun to reject the 
 counsel of the Most High, and to draw back thy foot 
 from the way of peace, even almost to the hazarding 
 of thy perdition. 
 
 Then Christian fell down at his feet as dead, crying, 
 "Woe is me, for I am undone ! " At the sight of 
 which, Evangelist caught him by the right hand, say- 
 ing, * ' All manner of sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven 
 unto men. Be not faithless, but believing. " Then 
 Christian revived a little and stood up trembling as 
 before. 
 
 Then Evangelist said, Give more earnest heed to the 
 things that I tell thee of. I will now show thee who it 
 was that deluded thee, and who it was also to whom he 
 sent thee. The man that met thee is one Worldly 
 Wiseman, so called because he savoreth only the doc- 
 trine of this world, and because he loveth that doctrine 
 best, for it saveth him best from the cross. And as he 
 is of this carnal temper, he seeketh to prevent my ways 
 though right. Now, there are three things in this 
 man's counsel that thou must utterly abhor. 
 
 (i) His turning thee out of the way. (2) His 
 laboring to render the cross odious to thee. And 
 (3) His setting thy feet in that way that leadeth unto 
 death. 
 
 First, thou must abhor his turning thee out of the 
 way, and thine own consenting thereto ; because this 
 is to reject the counsel of God for the sake of the coun- 
 sel of a Worldly Wiseman. The Lord says, " Strive to 
 enter in at the strait gate," the gate to which I send 
 thee ; for "strait is the gate that leadeth unto life, and 
 few there be that find it. " From this little wicket-gate, 
 and from the way thereto, hath this wicked man turned 
 thee, to the bringing of thee almost to destruction ; 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 29 
 
 hate, therefore, his turning thee out of the way, and 
 abhor thyself for hearkening to him. 
 
 Secondly, thou must abhor his laboring to render the 
 cross odious unto thee ; for thou art to prefer it "be- 
 fore the treasures in Egypt." Besides, the King of 
 glory hath told thee, that he that "will save his life 
 shall lose it." And, "He that cometh after me, and 
 hateth not his father, and mother, and wife, and chil- 
 dren, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his own life 
 also, he cannot be my disciple." I say, therefore, if 
 man persuade thee, that that shall be thy death, with- 
 out which, the truth hath said, thou canst not have 
 eternal life ; this doctrine thou must abhor. 
 
 Thirdly, Thou must hate his setting of thy feet in the 
 way that leadeth to death. And for this thou must 
 consider to whom he. sent thee, and also how unable 
 that person was to deliver thee from thy burden. 
 
 He to whom thou was sent for ease, by name Legal- 
 ity, is the son of the bondwoman which now is in 
 bondage w T ith her children ; and is, in a mystery, this 
 Mount Sinai, which thou hast feared will fall on thy 
 head. Now, if she, with her children, are in bondage, 
 how canst thou expect by them to be made free ? This 
 Legality, therefore, is not able to set thee free from 
 thy burden. No man was as yet ever rid of his burden 
 by him ; no, nor ever is like to be : ye cannot be justi- 
 fied by the works of the law ; therefore, Worldly Wise- 
 man is an alien, and Legality is a cheat ; and his 
 son Civility is but a hypocrite and cannot help thee. 
 Believe me, there is nothing in all this noise, that thou 
 hast heard of these sottish men, but a design to beguile 
 thee of thy salvation, by turning thee from the way in 
 which I had set thee. After this, Evangelist called 
 aloud to the heavens for confirmation of what he had 
 
30 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 said : and with that there came words and fire out of 
 the mountain under which poor Christian stood, that 
 made his hair stand up. The words were thus pro- 
 nounced : " As many as are of the works of the law are 
 under the curse ; for it is written, Cursed is every one 
 that continueth not in all things which are written in 
 the book of the law to do them." 
 
 Now Christian looked for nothing but death, and 
 began to cry lamentably ; cursing the time he met 
 Worldly Wiseman, calling himself a thousand fools for 
 hearkening to his counsel ; he also was greatly ashamed 
 to think that this gentleman's arguments, flowing only 
 from the flesh, should cause him to forsake the right 
 way. This done, he applied himself again to Evan- 
 gelist. 
 
 Christian. Sir, what think you ? Is there hope ? 
 May I now go back to the wicket-gate ? Shall I not be 
 abandoned, and sent back ashamed ? I am sorry I have 
 hearkened to this man's counsel. But may my sin be 
 forgiven ? 
 
 Evangelist. Thy sin is very great, for thou hast 
 committed two evils : thou hast forsaken the way that 
 is good, to tread in forbidden paths ; yet will the man 
 at the gate receive thee, for he has good-will for men ; 
 only, take heed that thou turn not aside again, "lest 
 thou perish from the way, when his wrath is kindled 
 but a little." 
 
 Then did Christian decide to go back ; and Evan- 
 gelist kissed him, gave him one smile, and bid him 
 God-speed. So he went on with haste, neither spake 
 he to any man by the way ; nor, if any asked him, 
 would he vouchsafe them an answer. He went on 
 like one that was treading on forbidden ground, and 
 could by no means think himself safe, till again he was 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 3i 
 
 got into the way which he left. So Christian got up to 
 the gate. Now, over the gate was written, " Knock, 
 and it shall be opened unto you." He knocked, there- 
 fore, more than once 
 or twice. 
 
 At last there came 
 to the gate a grave 
 person named Good- 
 will, who asked who 
 was there? and 
 whence he came? and 
 what he would have ? 
 
 Christian. Here 
 is a poor burdened 
 sinner. I come from 
 the City of Destruc- 
 tion, but am going to 
 Mount Zion, that I 
 may be delivered 
 from the wrath to 
 come. I would there- 
 fore ask, Sir, since I 
 am informed that this 
 gate is the way 
 thither, if you are 
 willing to let me in ? 
 
 Good-will. I am 
 willing with all my 
 heart, said he ; and 
 with that he opened 
 the gate. 
 
 So when Christian 
 was stepping in, the other gave him a pull. Then 
 said Christian, What means that? The other told 
 
 CHRISTIAN GETS A PULL AS HE WAS 
 STEPPING IN. 
 
32 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 him. A little distance from the gate, there is a castle, 
 of which Beelzebub is the captain, and he and them 
 that are with him shoot arrows at those who come 
 up to this gate, if haply they may die before they can 
 enter in. 
 
 Then said Christian, I rejoice and tremble. When 
 he was got in, the man of the gate asked him who 
 directed him thither ? 
 
 Christian. Evangelist bid me come and knock ; and 
 that you, Sir, would tell me what I must do. 
 
 Good-will. But how is it that you came alone ? 
 
 Christian. Because none of my neighbors saw their 
 danger as I saw mine. 
 
 Good-will. Did any of them know of your coming ? 
 
 Christian. Yes ; my wife and children saw me at 
 the first, and called after me to turn again ; also some 
 of my neighbors stood crying after me to return ; but 
 I put my fingers in my ears, and came on my way. 
 
 Good-will. But did none of them follow you to 
 persuade you to go back ? 
 
 Christian. Yes, both Obstinate and Pliable ; but 
 when they saw that they could not prevail, Obstinate 
 went railing back, but Pliable came with me a little 
 way, until we came to the Slough of Despond, into the 
 which we suddenly fell. And then Pliable was dis- 
 couraged, and would not adventure further. Where- 
 fore, getting out again on that side next to his own 
 house, he told me I should possess the brave country 
 alone ; so he went his way, and I came mine. 
 
 Good-will. Alas, poor man ! is the celestial glory 
 of so small esteem with him, that he counteth it not 
 worth running the hazards of a few difficulties to obtain 
 it ? 
 
 Christian. Truly, I have said the truth of Pliable, 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 33 
 
 and if I should also say all the truth to myself, it will 
 appear there is no betterment betwixt him and myself. 
 It is true, he went back to his own house, but I also 
 turned aside to go in 
 the way of death, be- 
 ing persuaded there- 
 to by the carnal 
 arguments of one 
 Worldly Wiseman. 
 
 Good-will. Oh, 
 did he light upon 
 you and did you take 
 his counsel ? 
 
 Christian. Yes, 
 as far as I durst ; I 
 went to find out Le- 
 gality, until I thought 
 the mountain that 
 stands by his house 
 would have fallen 
 upon my head ; 
 wherefore I was 
 forced to stop. 
 
 Good-will. That 
 mountain has been 
 the death of many, 
 and will be the death 
 of many more ; it is 
 well you escaped be- 
 ing by it dashed in 
 pieces. 
 
 Christian. Why, truly, I do not know what had be- 
 come of me there, had not Evangelist happily met me 
 again, as I was musing in the midst of my dumps ; but 
 
 2 
 
 BEELZEBUB SHOOTING ARROWS. 
 
34 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 it was God's mercy that he came to me again, for else I 
 had never come hither. But now I am come, such a 
 one as I am; more fit, indeed, for death by that moun- 
 tain than thus to stand talking with my Lord ; but, oh, 
 what a favor is this to me, that yet I am admitted 
 here ! 
 
 Good-will. We make no objections against any, 
 notwithstanding all that they have done before they 
 eame hither. They are " in no wise cast out/' and 
 therefore, good Christian, come a little way with me, 
 and I will teach thee about the way thou must go. 
 Look before thee ; dost thou see this norrow way ? 
 That is the way thou must go ; it was cast up by patri- 
 archs, prophets, Christ and his apostles ; and it is as 
 straight as a rule can make it. This is the way thou 
 must go. 
 
 Christian. But, are there no turnings or windings, 
 by which a stranger may lose his way ? 
 
 Good-will. Yes, there are many wa}^s leading from 
 this, and they are crooked and wide. But thou mayest 
 distinguish the right from the wrong, the right only be- 
 ing straight and narrow. 
 
 Then I saw in my dream, that Christian asked him 
 further if he could not help him off with his burden 
 that was upon his back ; for as yet he had not got rid 
 thereof, nor could he by any means get it off without 
 help. He told him, As to thy burden be content to 
 bear it, until thou comest to the place of deliverance ; 
 for there it will fall from thy back of itself. 
 
 Then Christian girded up his loins, and prepared for 
 his journey. So the other told him, that some distance 
 from the gate he would come to the house of the Inter- 
 preter, at whose door he should knock, and he would 
 show him excellent things. Then Christian took leave 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 35 
 
 of his friend, bidding him God-speed. Then he went on 
 to the house of the Interpreter, where he knocked until 
 one came to the door, and asked who was there. 
 
 Christian. Sir, here is a traveller, who was bid by 
 an acquaintance of the good master of this house to call 
 here and speak with him. So the master of the house 
 after a little time came to Christian, and asked him 
 what he would have. Sir, said Christian, I am come 
 from the City of Destruction, and am going to the 
 Mount Zion. I was told that if I called here, you 
 would show me excellent things, such as would be a 
 help to me in my journey. 
 
 Interpreter. Come in ; I will show that which w T ill 
 be profitable to thee. So he commanded his man to 
 light the candle, and bid Christian follow him into a 
 private room where Christian saw the picture of a very 
 grave person hang up against the wall. It had eyes 
 lifted up to heaven, the best of books in his hands, the 
 law of truth was written upon his lips, the world was 
 behind his back. It stood as if it pleaded with men, 
 and a crown of gold did hang over his head. 
 
 Then said Christian, what meaneth this ? 
 
 Interpreter. This picture is to show thee that this 
 man's work is to know and unfold dark things to sin- 
 ners ; even as thou seest him stand as if he pleaded with 
 men ; and whereas thou seest the world as cast behind 
 him, and that a crown hangs over his head, that is to show 
 thee that, slighting and despising the things that are 
 present for the love that he hath to his Master's service, 
 he is sure in the world that comes next to have glory 
 for his reward. Now, I have showed thee this picture 
 first, because the man whose picture this is, is the only 
 man whom the Lord of the place, whither thou art go- 
 ing, hath authorized to be thy guide in all difficult 
 
36 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 places thou mayest meet with in the way ; wherefore 
 take good heed to what I have showed thee, and bear 
 well in thy mind what thou hast seen, lest in thy jour- 
 ney thou meet with some that pretend to lead thee 
 right, but their way goes down to death. 
 
 Then he took him by the hand, and led him into a 
 very large parlor that was full of dust, because never 
 swept ; the Interpreter called for a man to sweep. 
 Now, when he began to sweep, the dust began so abun- 
 dantly to fly about, that Christian had almost therewith 
 been choked. Then said the Interpreter to a damsel 
 that stood by, Bring hither the water and sprinkle the 
 room. When she had done this it was swept and 
 cleansed with pleasure. 
 
 Christian. What means this ? 
 
 The Interpreter answered, This parlor is the heart 
 of a man that was never sanctified by the sweet grace 
 of the gospel ; the dust is his original sin and inward 
 corruptions, that have defiled the w T hole man. He that 
 began to sweep at first, is the Law ; but she that 
 brought water, and did sprinkle it, is the Gospel. 
 Now, whereas thou sawest, that so soon as the first 
 began to sweep, the dust did so fly about that the room 
 by him could not be cleansed, but that thou wast 
 almost choked therewith ; this is to show thee, that 
 the law, instead of cleansing the heart (by its working) 
 from sin, doth revive, put strength into, and increase it 
 in the soul, even as it doth discover and forbid it, for it 
 doth not give power to subdue. 
 
 Again, as thou sawest the damsel sprinkle the room 
 w T ith water, upon w T hich it was cleansed with pleasure ; 
 this is to show thee, that when the gospel comes, in the 
 sweet and precious influences thereof, to the heart, then 
 as the damsel laid the dust by sprinkling the floor w r ith 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 37 
 
 water, so is sin vanquished and subdued', and the soul 
 made clean through the faith of it, and consequently fit 
 for the King- of glory to inhabit. 
 
 I saw, moreover, in my dream, that the Interpreter 
 took him by the hand, and had him into a little room, 
 where sat two little children, each one in his chair. 
 The name of the eldest was Passion, and the name of the 
 other Patience. Passion seemed to be much discon- 
 tented ; but Patience was very quiet. Then Christian 
 asked, What is the reason of the discontent of Passion ? 
 The Interpreter answered, The Governor would have 
 him stay for his best things till the beginning of the 
 next year ; but he will have all now ; but Patience is 
 willing to wait. Then I saw that one came to Passion, 
 and brought him a bag of treasure, and poured it down 
 at his feet, which he took up and rejoiced therein, and 
 withal laughed Patience to scorn. But I beheld but a 
 while, and he had lavished all away, and nothing left 
 him but rags. 
 
 Christian. Expound this matter more fully to me. 
 
 Interpreter. So he said, These two lads are sym- 
 bols. Passion, of the men of this world ; and Patience, 
 of the men of that which is to come ; for as here thou 
 seest, Passion will have his all this year, that is to say, 
 in this world ; so are the men of this world : they must 
 have all their good things now. The proverb, " A bird 
 in the hand is worth two in the bush/' is of more 
 authority with them than are all the Divine testimonies 
 of the good of the world to come. But as thou sawest 
 that he had quickly lavished all away, and had presently 
 left him nothing but rags ; so will it be with all such 
 men at the end of this world. 
 
 Christian. Now I see that Patience has the best 
 wisdom, and that upon many accounts. First, because 
 
3S THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 he stays for the best things. Second, because he will 
 have the glory of his when the other has nothing but 
 rags. 
 
 Interpreter. Nay, you may add another; to wit, 
 the glory of the next world will never wear out, but 
 these are suddenly gone. Therefore Passion had not so 
 much reason to laugh at Patience, because he had his 
 good things first, as Patience will have to laugh at Pas- 
 sion, because he had his best things last ; for first must 
 give place to last, because last must have his time to 
 come ; but last gives place to nothing ; for there is not 
 another to succeed. He, therefore, that hath his por- 
 
 D first, must needs have a time to spend it ; but he 
 that hath his portion last, must have it lastingly ; there- 
 fore it is said of Dives, k * Thou in thy lifetime receivedst 
 thy good things, and likewise Lazarus evil things ; but 
 now he is comforted, and thou art tormented." 
 
 Then I saw in my dream that the Interpreter took 
 Christian by the hand, and led him into a place where 
 was a fire burning against the wall, and one standing by 
 it, always casting much water upon it, to quench it ; 
 yet did the fire burn higher and hotter. 
 
 Then ?aid Christian, What means this ? 
 
 The Interpreter answered, This fire is the work of 
 grace that is wrought in the heart ; he that casts water 
 upon it to extinguish and put it out, is the Devil ; but 
 notwithstanding that the fire burns higher and hotter. 
 Thou shalt also see the reason of that. So he turned 
 about to the back side of the wall, where he saw a man 
 with a vessel of oil in his hand, which oil he did contin- 
 ually cast secretly into the fire. 
 
 Christian. What means this ? 
 
 Interpreter. This is Christ who continually, with 
 the oil of his grace, maintains the work already begun 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 39 
 
 m the heart ; by means of which, notwithstanding- what 
 the Devil can do, the souls of his people prove gracious 
 still. And the man that stood behind the wall to main- 
 tain the fire is to teach thee that it is hard for the 
 tempted to see how this work of grace is maintained in 
 the soul. 
 
 I saw also, that the Interpreter took him again by the 
 hand, and led him into a pleasant place, where was 
 builded a stately palace, beautiful to behold ; at the 
 sight of which Christian was greatly delighted. He saw 
 also on the top thereof, certain persons walking, who 
 were clothed all in gold. 
 
 Then said Christian, May we go in thither ? 
 
 Then the Interpreter took him, arid led him up to- 
 wards the palace; and behold at the door stood a 
 great company of men, as desirous to go in, but durst 
 not. There also sat a man at a little distance from the 
 door, at a tableside, with a book and his inkhorn before 
 him, to take the name of him that should enter therein ; 
 he saw also, that in the doorway stood many men in 
 armor to keep it, being resolved to do the men that 
 would enter what hurt and mischief they could. Now 
 was Christian somewhat in amaze. At last, when every 
 man started back for fear of the armed men, Christian 
 saw a man of a very stout countenance come up to the 
 man that sat there to write, saying, "Set down my 
 name, Sir ;" the which when he had done, he saw the 
 man draw his sword, and put an helmet upon his head, 
 and rush toward the door upon the armed men, who 
 laid upon him with deadly force ; but the man, not at 
 all discouraged, fell to cutting and hacking most fierce- 
 ly. So after he had received and given many wounds 
 to those that attempted to keep him out, he cut his 
 way through them all, and pressed forward into the 
 
40 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 palace, at which there was a pleasant voice heard 
 from those within, that walked upon the top of the 
 • palace, saying, "Come in, come in, Eternal glory thou 
 shalt win." 
 
 So he went in, and was clothed with such garments as 
 they. Then Christian smiled and said, I think verily I 
 know the meaning of this. 
 
 Xow, said Christian, let me go hence. Nay, stay, 
 said the Interpreter, till I have shown thee a little more, 
 and after that thou shalt go on thy way. So he took 
 him by the hand again, and led him into a very dark 
 room, where there sat a man in an iron cage. Now the 
 man, to look on, seemed very sad ; he sat with his eyes 
 looking down to the ground, his hands folded together, 
 and he sighed as if he would break his heart. Then 
 said Christian, What means this ? At which the Inter- 
 preter bid him talk with the man. Then said Christian 
 to the man, What art thou ? The man answered, I am 
 what I was not once. 
 
 Christian. What wast thou once ? 
 
 Man. I was once a fair and flourishing professor, 
 both in mine own eyes and also in the eyes of others ; I 
 once was, as I thought, fair for the Celestial City, and 
 1 had joy at the thoughts that I should get thither. 
 
 Christian. Well, but what art thou now ? 
 
 Man. I am now a man of despair, and am shut up 
 in it, as in this iron cage. I cannot get out. Oh, now 
 I cannot ! 
 
 Christian. But how earnest thou in this condition ? 
 
 Man. I left off to watch and be sober ; I laid the 
 reins upon the neck of my lusts ; I sinned against the 
 light of the World and the goodness of God ; I have 
 grieved the Spirit, and he is gone ; I tempted the devil, 
 and he is come to me ; I have provoked God to anger, 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 41 
 
 and he has left me ; I have so hardened my heart, that 
 I cannot repent. 
 
 Then said Christian to the Interpreter, But is there 
 no hope for such a man as this ! Ask him, said the 
 Interpreter. Nay, said Christian, pray Sir, do you. 
 
 Then said the Interpreter, Is there no hope, but you 
 must be kept in the iron cage of despair ? 
 
 Man. No, none at all. 
 
 Interpreter. Why, the Son of the blessed is very 
 pitiful. 
 
 Man. I have crucified him to myself afresh ; I have 
 despised his person ; I have despised his righteousness ; 
 I have "counted his blood an unholy thing; I have 
 done despite to the Spirit of grace. " Therefore I have 
 shut myself out of all the promises, and there now re- 
 mains to me nothing but threatenings, dreadful threat- 
 enings, fearful threatenings of certain judgment and 
 fiery indignation, which shall devour me as an adversary. 
 
 Interpreter. For what did you bring yourself into 
 this condition ? 
 
 Man. For the lusts, pleasures, and profits of this 
 world ; in the enjoyment of which I did then promise 
 myself much delight ; but now every one of those things 
 also bite me, and gnaw me like a burning worm. 
 
 Interpreter. But canst thou not now repent and 
 turn ? 
 
 Man. God hath denied me repentance. His Word 
 gives me no encouragement to believe ; yea, himself 
 hath shut me up in this iron cage ; nor can all the men 
 in the world let me out. O eternity, eternity ! how 
 shall I grapple with the misery that I must meet with 
 in eternity ! 
 
 Interpreter. Let this man's misery be remembered 
 by thee, and be an everlasting caution to thee. 
 
42 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 Christian. Well, this is fearful ! God help me to 
 watch and be sober, and to pray that I may shun the 
 cause of this man's misery ! Sir, is it not time for me 
 to go on my way now ? 
 
 Interpreter. Tarry till I shall show thee one thing 
 more, and then thou shalt go on thy way. 
 
 So he took Christian by the hand again, and led him 
 into a chamber, where there was one rising out of bed; 
 and as he put on his raiment, he shook and trembled. 
 Then said Christian, Why doth this man thus tremble ? 
 The Interpreter then bid him tell to Christian the 
 reason of his so doing. So he began and said, This 
 night, as I was in my sleep, I dreamed, and behold the 
 heavens grew exceedingly black ; also it thundered and 
 lightened in most fearful wise, that it put me into an 
 agony; so I looked up in my dream, and saw the clouds 
 rack at an unusual rate, upon which I heard a great sound 
 of a trumpet, and saw also a man sit upon a cloud, at- 
 tended with the thousands of heaven ; they were all in 
 flaming fire ; also the heavens were in a burning flame. 
 I heard then a voice, saying, " Arise, ye dead, and come 
 to judgment; " and with that the rocks rent, the graves 
 opened, and the dead that were therein came forth. 
 Some of them were exceeding glad, and looked upward ; 
 and some sought to hide themselves under the moun- 
 tains. Then I saw the man that sat upon the cloud 
 open the book, and bid the world draw near. Yet there 
 was, by reason of a fierce flame which issued out and 
 came from before him, a convenient distance betwixt 
 him and them, as betwixt the judge and the prisoners at 
 the bar. I heard it also proclaimed to them that at- 
 tended on the man that sat on the cloud, "Gather to- 
 gether the tares, the chaff, and stubble, and cast them 
 into the burning lake. " And with that the bottomless pit 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 43 
 
 opened, just whereabout I stood ; out of the mouth of 
 which there came, in 
 an abundant manner, 
 smoke and coals of 
 fire, with hideous 
 noises. It was also 
 said to the same per- 
 sons, " Gather my 
 wheat into the gar- 
 ner/' And with that 
 I saw many catched 
 up and carried away 
 into the clouds, but 
 I was left behind. I 
 also sought to hide 
 myself, but I could 
 not, for the man that 
 sat upon the cloud 
 still kept his eye upon 
 me ; my sins also 
 came into my mind ; 
 and my conscience 
 did accuse me on 
 every side. Upon 
 this I awaked from 
 my sleep. 
 
 Christian. But 
 what was it that made 
 you so afraid of this 
 sight ? 
 
 Man. Why, I 
 thought that the day 
 of judgment was come, and that I was not ready for it ; 
 but this frighted me most, that the angels gathered up 
 
 THE BOTTOMLESS TIT OPENED JUST 
 WHERE I STOOD. 
 
44 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRL 
 
 several and left me behind ; also the pit of hell opened 
 her mouth just where I stood. My conscience, too, 
 afflicted me ; and, as I thought, the Judge had always 
 his eye upon me, showing indignation in his coun- 
 tenance. 
 
 Then said the Interpreter to Christian, Hast thou 
 considered all these things ? 
 
 Christian. Yes, and they put me in hope and fear. 
 
 Interpreter. Well, keep all things so in thy mind 
 that they may be as a goad in thy sides, to prick thee 
 forward in the way thou must go. 
 
 Then Christian began to gird up his loins, and to 
 address himself to his journey. Then said the Inter- 
 preter, The Comforter be always with thee, good Chris- 
 tian, to guide thee in the way that leads to the City. 
 So Christian went on his way. 
 
 Xow I saw in my dream, that the highway up which 
 Christian was to go, was fenced on either side with a 
 wall, and that wall was called Salvation. Up this way, 
 therefore, did burdened Christian run, but not without 
 great difficulty, because of the load on his back. 
 
 He ran thus till he came to a place somewhat ascend- 
 ing, and upon that place stood a cross, and a little 
 below, in the bottom, a sepulchre. So I saw in my 
 dream, that just as Christian came up with the cross, 
 his burden loosed from off his shoulders, and fell from 
 off his back, and began to tumble, and so continued to 
 do till it came to the mouth of the sepulchre, where it 
 fell in, and I saw it no more. 
 
 Then was Christian glad and lightsome, and said 
 with a merry heart, "He hath given me rest by his 
 sorrow, and life by his death. " Then he stood still a 
 while to look and wonder ; for it was very surprising 
 to him, that the sight of the cross should thus ease him 
 
HIS BURDEN FELL OFF HIS HACK 
 
46 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 of his burden. He looked therefore, and looked again, 
 even till the springs that were in his head sent the 
 waters down his cheeks. Now, as he stood looking 
 and weeping, behold three Shining Ones came to him 
 and saluted him with, "Peace be to thee." So the 
 first said to him, "Thy sins be forgiven thee," the 
 second stripped him of his rags, and clothed him "with 
 change of raiment," the third also set a mark on his 
 forehead, and gave him a roll with a seal upon it, 
 which he bade him look on as he ran, and that he 
 should give it in at the Celestial gate. 
 
 Then Christian gave three leaps for joy, and went on 
 singing. 
 
 I saw then in my dream, that he went on thus until 
 he came at a bottom, where he saw, a little out of the 
 way, three men fast asleep, with fetters upon their heels. 
 The name of the one was Simple, another Sloth, and 
 the third Presumption. 
 
 Christian seeing them lie in this case went to them, 
 if peradventure he might awake them, and cried, You 
 are like them that sleep on the top of a mast, for the 
 Dead Sea is under you — a gulf that hath no bottom. 
 Awake, therefore, and come away ; be willing also, 
 and I will help you off with your irons. He also told 
 them, If he that " goeth about like a roaring lion " 
 comes by, will certainly become a pray to his teeth. 
 With that they looked upon him, and began to reply 
 in this sort : Simple said, "I see no danger ;" Sloth 
 said, "Yet a little more sleep;" and Presumption 
 said, "Every tub must stand upon its own bottom, 
 what is the answer else that I should give thee ?" And 
 so they lay down to sleep again, and Christian went on 
 his way. 
 
 Yet was he troubled to think that men in that danger 
 
THE THREE SHINING ONES 
 
48 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, 
 
 should so little esteem the kindness of him that so 
 freely offered to help them, by awakening them, coun- 
 selling them, and proffering to help them off with 
 their irons. And as he was troubled thereabout, he 
 espied two men come tumbling over the wall, on the 
 left hand of the narrow way ; and they made up apace 
 to him. The name of the one was Formalist, and the 
 name of the other Hypocrisy. Christian then entered 
 into discourse with them. 
 
 Christian. Gentlemen, whence came you, and 
 whither go you ? 
 
 Formalist and Hipocrisy. We were born in the 
 land of Vainglory, and are going for praise to Mount 
 Zion. 
 
 Christian. Why came you not in at the gate which 
 standeth at the beginning of the way ? Know you not 
 that it is written, that he that cometh not in by the 
 door, " but climbeth up some other way, the same is a 
 thief and a rohber ? " 
 
 Formalist and Hypocrisy said, That to go to the 
 gate for entrance was, by all their countrymen, counted 
 too far about ; and that, therefore, their usual way was 
 to make a short cut of it, and to climb over the wall, as 
 they had done. 
 
 Christian. But will it not be counted a trespass ? 
 
 Formalist and Hypocrisy told him then, That he 
 needed not to trouble his head thereabout ; what they 
 did they had custom for and could produce testimony 
 that would witness it for more than a thousand years. 
 
 Christian. But, will your practice stand a trial at 
 law ? 
 
 Formalist and Hypocrisy. That custom, being of so 
 long a standing as above a thousand years, would, 
 doubtless, now be admitted as a thing legal by any 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 49 
 
 besides, if we get into the way, 
 way we get in ? if we are in, 
 
 impartial judge ; and 
 what's matter which 
 we are in ; thou art but in 
 the way, who, as we per- 
 ceive, came in at the gate; 
 and we are also in the 
 way, that came tumbling 
 over the wall : wherein, 
 now, is thy condition bet- 
 ter than ours ? 
 
 Christian. I walk by 
 the rule of my Master ; 
 you walk by the rude 
 working of your fancies. 
 You are counted thieves 
 already by the Lord of the 
 way; therefore, I doubt 
 you will not be found true 
 men at the end. You come 
 in by yourselves, without 
 his direction ; and shall go 
 out by yourselves, without 
 his mercy. 
 
 To this they made him 
 but little answer ; only 
 they bid him look to him- 
 self. Then I saw that they 
 went on every man in his 
 way, without much con- 
 ference one with another ; 
 save that these two men 
 told Christian, that, as to 
 
 laws and ordinances, they doubted not but they should 
 as conscientiously do them as he ; therefore, said they, 
 
 FORMALIST. 
 
5° 
 
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRJ. 
 
 we see not wherein thou differest from us but by the 
 coat that is on thy back, which was, as we trow, given 
 
 thee by some of thy neigh- 
 bors, to hide the shame of thy 
 nakednes 
 
 By laws and ordinances you 
 will not be saved, since you 
 came not in by the door. 
 And as for this coat that is on 
 my back, it was given me by 
 the Lord of the place whither 
 I go; and that, as you say, 
 cover my nakedness with. 
 And I take it as a token of 
 kindness to me; for I had 
 nothing but rao-s before. 
 And besides, thus I comfort 
 myself as I go : Surely, think 
 I. when I come to the gate of 
 the city, the Lord thereof will 
 know me for good, since I 
 have his coat on my back — a 
 coat that he gave me frt 
 in the day that he stripped 
 me of my rags. I have, 
 moreover, a mark in my fore- 
 head, which one of my Lord's 
 most intimate associates 
 fixed there in the day that 
 my burden fell off my shoul- 
 ders. I had then given me 
 a roll, sealed, to comfort me by reading as I go on the 
 way; I was also bid to give it in at the Celestial Gate, 
 in token of my certain going in after it; all which 
 
 HYPOCRISY. 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 5i 
 
 things, I doubt, you want, and lack them because you 
 came not in at the gate. 
 
 To these things they gave him no answer ; only they 
 looked upon each other, _, 
 
 and laughed. Then I 1 rf^ 
 saw that they went on r*/^# 
 all, save that Christian 
 kept before, who had no 
 more talk but with him- 
 self, sometimes sighing- 
 ly and sometimes com- 
 fortably; also he would 
 be often reading in the 
 roll that one of the Shin- 
 ing Ones gave him, by 
 which he was refreshed. 
 
 I beheld, then, that 
 they all went on till 
 they came to the foot of 
 the Hill Difficulty; at 
 the bottom of which was 
 a spring. There were 
 also in the same place 
 two other ways besides 
 that which came 
 straight from the gate; 
 one turned to the left 
 hand, and the other to 
 the right, at the bottom 
 of the hill; but the nar- 
 row way lay right up the 
 
 hill, and the name of the going up the side of the hill 
 is called Difficulty. Christian now went to the spring, 
 and drank thereof, to refresh himself, and then began 
 to go up the hill 
 
52 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, 
 
 The other two also came to the foot of the hill ; but 
 when they saw that the hill was steep and high, and 
 that there were two other ways to go; and supposing 
 also that these two ways might meet again, with that 
 up which Christian went, on the other side of the hill ; 
 therefore they resolved to go in those ways. Now the 
 name of one of those ways was Danger, and the name 
 of the ohter Destruction. So the one took the way 
 which is called Danger, which led him into a great 
 wood, and the other took directly up the way to 
 Destruction, which led him into a wide field, full of 
 dark mountains, where he stumbled and fell, and rose 
 no more. 
 
 I looked, .then, after Christian, to see him go up the 
 hill, where I perceived he fell from running to going, 
 and from going to clambering upon his hands and his 
 knees, because of the steepness of the place. Now, 
 about the midway to the top of the hill was a pleasant 
 arbor, made bv the Lord of the hill for the refreshing of 
 weary travellers; thither, therefore, Christian got, and 
 sat down to rest. Then he pulled his roll out of his 
 bosom, and read therein to his comfort; he now began 
 afresh to take a review of the coat or garment that was 
 given him as he stood by the cross. Thus pleasing him- 
 self a while, he at last fell into a slumber, and thence 
 into a fast sleep, which detained him in that place until 
 it was almost night; and in his sleep his roll fell out 
 of his hand. Now, as he was sleeping, there came 
 one to him, and awaked him, saying, "Go to the 
 ant, thou sluggard; consider her ways, and be wise." 
 And with that Christian, started up, and sped him 
 on his way, and went apace, till he came to the top 
 of the hill. 
 
 Now, when he was got up to the top of the hill, there 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 53 
 
 came two men running- to meet him amain ; the name 
 of the one was Timorous, and of the other Mistrust ; to 
 whom Christian said, Sirs, what's the matter ? You run 
 the wrong way. Timo- 
 rous answered, that 
 they were going- to the 
 City of Zion, and had got 
 up that difficult place ; 
 but, said he, the further 
 we go, the more danger 
 we meet with ; where- 
 fore we turned, and are 
 going back again. 
 
 Yes, said Mistrust, 
 for just before us lie a 
 couple of lions in the 
 way, whether sleeping 
 or waiing we know not, 
 and we could not think, 
 if we came within reach, 
 but they would present- 
 ly pull us in pieces. 
 
 Christian. You 
 make me afraid, but 
 whither shall I fly to be 
 safe ? If I go back to 
 mine own country, that 
 is prepared for fire and 
 brimstone, and I shall 
 certainly perish there. 
 
 If I can get to the 
 Celestial City, I am 
 sure to be in safety there, 
 back is nothing but death 
 
 HE AT LAST FELL INTO A SLUMBER. 
 
 I must venture. 
 to go forward is 
 
 To 
 fear 
 
 go 
 of 
 
5 4 THE PIL GRIM* S PROGRESS. 
 
 death, and life everlasting beyond it. I will yet go 
 forward. So Mistrust and Timorous ran down the hill, 
 and Christian went on his way. But thinking again of 
 what he had heard from the men, he felt in his bosom 
 for his roll, that he might read therein, and be com- 
 forted ; but he felt, and found it not. Then was Chris- 
 tian in great distress, and knew not what to do; for he 
 wanted that which used to relieve him, and that which 
 should have been his pass into the Celestial City. Here, 
 therefore, he began to be much perplexed, and knew 
 not what to do. At last he bethought himself that he 
 had slept in the arbor that is on the side of the hill ; 
 and, falling down upon his knees, he asked God's for- 
 giveness for that his foolish act, and then went back 
 to look for his roll. But all the way he went back, 
 who can sufficiently set forth the sorrow of Christian's 
 heart ! Sometimes he sighed, sometimes he wept, and 
 oftentimes he chid himself for being so foolish to fall 
 asleep in that place, which was erected only for a little 
 refreshment for his weariness. Thus, therefore, he 
 went back, carefully, looking on this side and on that, 
 all the way as he went, if happily he might find his roll, 
 that had been his comfort so many times in his journey. 
 He went thus, till he came again within sight of the 
 arbor where he sat and slept ; but that sight renewed 
 his sorrow the more by bringing again, even afresh, 
 his evil of sleeping into his mind. Thus, therefore, he 
 now went on bewailing his sinful sleep, saying, "O 
 wretched man that I am !" that I should sleep in the 
 daytime ! that I should sleep in the midst of difficulty ! 
 that I should so indulge the flesh, as to use that rest for 
 ease to my flesh, which the Lord of the hill hath erected 
 only for the relief of the spirits of pilgrims ! 
 
 How many steps have I took in vain ! Thus it hap- 
 
MISTRUST, 
 
 [55] 
 
5 6 , THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 pened to Israel, for their sin ; they were sent back again 
 by the way of the Red Sea ; and I am made to tread 
 those steps with sorrow, which I might have trod with 
 delight, had it not been for this sinful sleep. How far 
 might I have been on my way by this time ! I am 
 made to tread those steps thrice over, which I needed 
 not to have trod but once ; yea, now also I am like to 
 be benighted, for the day is almost spent. Oh, that I 
 had not slept ! 
 
 Now, by this time he was come to the arbor again, 
 where for a while he sat down and wept ; but at last, as 
 Christian would have it, looking sorrowfully down un- 
 der the settle, there he espied his roll ; which with 
 trembling and haste he snatched up, and put it in his 
 bosom. But who can tell how joyful this man was 
 when he had gotten his roll again ! for this roll was the 
 assurance of his life and acceptance at the desired haven. 
 Therefore he laid it up in his bosom, gave thanks to 
 God for directing his eye to the place wiiere it lay, and 
 with joy and tears betook himself again to his journey. 
 But oh, how nimbly now did he go up the rest of the 
 hill ! Yet, before he got up the sun went down upon 
 Christian ; and this made him again recall the vanity 
 of his sleeping to his remembrance ; and thus he again 
 began to condole with himself. O thou sinful sleep: 
 how, for thy sake am I like to be benighted in my 
 journey. I must walk without the sun ; darkness must 
 cover the path of my feet ; and I must hear the noise 
 of the doleful creatures, because of my sinful sleep. 
 Now also he remembered the story that Mistrust and 
 Timorous told him of, how they were frighted with the 
 sight of the lions. Then said Christian to himself 
 again, These beasts range in the night for their prey ; 
 and if they should meet with me in the dark, how 
 
TIMOROUS 
 
58 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 should I shift them ? How should I escape being torn 
 in pieces ? Thus he went on his way. But while he 
 was thus bewailing his unhappy miscarriage, he lift up 
 his eyes, and behold there was a very stately palace 
 before him, the name of which was Beautiful ; and it 
 stood just by the highway side. 
 
 So I saw in my dream that he made haste and we at 
 forward, that if possible he might get lodging there. 
 Now, before he had gone far, he entered into a very 
 narrow passage, which was about a furlong from the 
 porter's lodge ; and looking very narrowly before him 
 as he went, he espied two lions in the way. Now, 
 thought he, I see the dangers that Mistrust and Timor- 
 ous were driven back by. (The lions were chained, 
 but he saw not the chains.) Then he was afraid, and 
 thought also himself to go back, for he feared nothing 
 but death was before him. But the porter at the lodge, 
 whose name is Watchful, perceiving that Christian 
 made a halt as if he would go back, cried unto him, 
 saying, Is thy strength so small ? Fear not the lions, 
 for they are chained, and are placed there for trial of 
 faith where it is, and for discovery of those that had 
 none. Keep in the midst of the path, and no hurt 
 shall come unto thee. 
 
 Then he went on, trembling for fear of the lions, but 
 taking good heed to the directions of the porter ; he 
 heard them roar, but they did him no harm. Then he 
 clapped his hands, and went on till he came and stood 
 before the gate where the porter was. Then said 
 Christian to the porter, Sir, what house is this ? And 
 may I lodge here to-night ? The porter answered, 
 This house was built by the Lord of the hill, and he 
 built it for the relief and security of pilgrims. The por- 
 ter also asked whence he was, and whither he was going. 
 
TilE LIONS WERE CHAINED, BUT HE SAW NOT THE CHAINS, 
 
60 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 Christian. I am come from the City of Destruction, 
 and am going to Mount Zion ; but because the sun is 
 now set, I desire, if I may, to lodge here to-night. 
 
 Porter. What is your name ? 
 
 My name is now Christian, but my name at the 
 first was Graceless ; I came of the race of Japheth, 
 whom God will persuade to dwell in the tents of Shem. 
 
 Porter. But how doth it happen that you come so 
 late ? The sun is set. 
 
 Christian. I had been here sooner, but "wretched 
 man that I am ! " — I slept in the arbor that stands on 
 the hill-side ; I had, notwithstanding that, been here 
 much sooner, but that, in my sleep, I lost my evidence, 
 and came without it to the brow of the hill ; and then 
 feeling for it, and finding it not, I was forced with sor- 
 row of heart to go back to the place where I slept my 
 sleep, where I found it, and now I am come. 
 
 Porter. Well, I will call out one of the virgins of 
 this place, who will, if she likes your talk, bring you in 
 to the rest of the family, according to the rules of the 
 house. So Watchful, the porter, rang a bell, at the 
 sound of which came out at the door of the house a 
 grave and beautiful damsel, named Discretion, and 
 asked why she was called. 
 
 The porter answered, This man is on a journey from 
 the City of Destruction to Mount Zion, but being weary 
 and benighted, he asked me if he might lodge here to- 
 night. 
 
 Then she asked him whence he was, and whither he 
 was going ; and he told her. She asked him also how 
 he got into the way ; and he told her. Then she asked 
 him what he had seen and met with in the way ; and 
 he told her. And last she asked his name ; so he said, 
 It is Christian, and I have so much the more a desire 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 61 
 
 to lodge here to-night, because by what I perceive, this 
 place was built by the Lord of the hill, for the relief 
 and security of pilgrims. 
 So she smiled, but the wa- 
 ter stood in her eyes; and 
 after a little pause, she said, 
 I will call forth two or three 
 more of the family. So she 
 ran to the door, and called 
 out Prudence, Piety, and 
 Charity, who, after a little 
 more discourse with him, 
 had him into the family; 
 and many of them, meeting 
 him at the threshold of the 
 house, said, "Come in, thou 
 blessed of the Lord;" this 
 house was built by the Lord 
 of the hill, on purpose to 
 entertain such pilgrims in. 
 Then he bowed his head, 
 and followed them into the 
 house. So w T hen he was 
 come in and set down, they 
 gave him something t o 
 drink, and consented to- 
 gether, that until supper 
 was ready, some of them 
 should have some particular 
 discourse with Christian, 
 for the best improvement 
 
 of time ; and they appointed Piety and Prudence and 
 Charity to discourse with him ; and thus they began : 
 PlETY, Come, good Christian, since we have been 
 
 WATCHFUL THE FOR 'U.K. 
 
62 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 so loving to you, to receive you in our house this night, 
 let us talk with you of all things that have happened 
 to you in your pilgrimage. What moved you at first 
 to betake yourself to a pilgrim's life ? 
 
 Christian. I was driven out of my native country 
 by a dreadful sound that was in mine ears ; to wit, that 
 unavoidable destruction did attend me, if 1 abode in 
 that place where I was. 
 
 Piety. But how did it happen that you came out of 
 your country this way ? 
 
 Christian. It was as God would have it ; for when 
 I was under the fears of destruction, I did not know 
 whither to go ; but by chance there came a man, as I 
 was trembling and weeping, whose name is Evangelist, 
 and he directed me to the wicket-gate, which else I 
 should never have found, and so set me into the way 
 that hath led me directly to this house. 
 
 Piety. But did you not come by the house of the 
 Interpreter ? 
 
 Christian. Yes, and did see such things there, the 
 remembrance of which will stick by me as long as I live. 
 The Interpreter took me and showed me a stately 
 palace, and how the people w T ere clad in gold that were 
 in it ; and how there came a venturous man, and cut 
 his way through the armed men that stood in the door 
 to keep him out ; and how he was bid to come in, and 
 win eternal glory. Methought those things, did ravish 
 my heart ! I would have stayed at that good man's 
 house a twelvemonth, but that I knew I had further to 
 go. 
 
 Piety. Why, did you hear him tell his dream ? 
 
 Christian. Yes, and a dreadful one it was, I 
 thought ; it made my heart ache as he was telling of it ; 
 but yet I am glad I heard it. 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 63 
 
 Piety. Was that all you saw at the house of the In- 
 terpreter ? And what saw you else in the way ? 
 
 Christian. Saw ! why, I went but a little further, 
 and I saw one, as I thought in my mind, hang bleeding 
 upon the tree ; and the very sight of him made my bur- 
 den fall off my back ( for I groaned under a very heavy 
 burden,) but then it fell down from off me. Yea, and 
 while I stood looking up, for then I could not forbear 
 looking, three Shining Ones came to me. One of them 
 testified that my sins were forgiven me ; another 
 stripped me of my rags, and gave me this broidered 
 coat which you see ; and the third set the mark which 
 you see in my forehead, and gave me this sealed roll. 
 ( And with that he plucked it out of his bosom.) 
 
 Piety, But you saw more than this, did you not ? 
 
 Christian. Some other matters I saw, as, namely : 
 three men, Simple, Sloth, and Presumption, lie asleep 
 a little out of the way, as I came, with irons upon their 
 heels ; but I could not awake them. Formalist and 
 Hypocrasy also tumbled over the wall, to go, as they 
 pretended, to Zion, but were quickly lost, as I myself 
 did tell them they w r ould be. I found it hard work to 
 get up this hill, and as hard to come by the lions' 
 mouths ; and truly if it had not been for the good man, 
 the porter that stands at the gate, I do not know but 
 that after all I might have gone back again ; but now, I 
 thank God I am here, and I thank you for receiving 
 me. 
 
 Then Prudence thought to ask him a few questions, 
 and desired his answer to them. 
 
 Prudence. Do you not think sometimes of the 
 country from whence you came ? 
 
 Christian. Yes, but with much shame and detesta- 
 tion. 
 
64 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 Prudence. Do you not yet bear away with you some 
 of the things that then you were conversant withal ? 
 
 Christian. Yes, but greatly against my will ; 
 especially my inward and carnal cogitations, with which 
 all my countrymen, as well as myself, were delighted ; 
 but now all those things are my grief. 
 
 Prudence. Do you not find sometimes, as if those 
 things were vanquished, which at other times are your 
 perplexity ? 
 
 Christian. Yes, but that is seldom ; but they are to 
 me golden hours in which such things happen to me. 
 
 Prudence. Can you remember by what ineans you 
 find your annoyances, at times, as if they were van- 
 quished ? 
 
 Christian. Yes, when I think what I saw at the 
 cross, that will do it ; and when I look upon my broi- 
 dered coat, that will do it ; also when I look into the 
 roll that I carry in my bosom, that will do it ; and when 
 my thoughts wax warm about whither I am going, that 
 will do it. 
 
 Prudence. And what is it that makes you so disir- 
 ous to go to Mount Zion ? 
 
 Christian. Why, there I hope to see him alive that 
 did hang dead on the cross ; and there I hope to be rid 
 of all those things that to this day are in me an annoy- 
 ance to me ; there, they say, there is no death ; and 
 there I shall dwell with such company as I like best. I 
 would fain be where I shall die no more, and with the com- 
 pany that shall continually cry, " Holy, Holy, Holy ! " 
 
 Then said Charity to Christian, Have you a family ? 
 Are you a married man ? 
 
 Christian. I have a wife and four small children. 
 
 Charity. And why did you not bring them along 
 with you ? 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 65 
 
 Christian. Then Christian wept, and said, Oh, how 
 willingly would I have done it ! but they were all of 
 them utterly averse to my going on pilgrimage. 
 
 Charity. But you should have talked to them, and 
 endeavored to have shown them the danger of being 
 behind. 
 
 Christian. So I did; and told them also what God 
 had shown to me of the destruction of our city ; "but 
 I seemed to them as one that mocked, " and they be- 
 lieved me not. 
 
 Charity. And did you pray to God that he would 
 bless your counsel to them ? 
 
 Christian. Yes, and that with such affection ; for you 
 must think that my wife and poor children were very 
 dear unto me. 
 
 Charity. But did you tell f hem of your own sorrow 
 and fear of destruction ? 
 
 Christian. Yes, over, and over, and over. They 
 might also see my fears in my countenance, in my tears, 
 and also in v&y trembling under the apprehension of the 
 judgment that did hang over our heads ; but all was 
 not sufficient to prevail with them to come with me. 
 My wife was afraid of losing this world, and my chil- 
 dren were given to the foolish delights of youth ; so 
 what by one thing, and what by another, they left me 
 to wander in this manner alone. 
 
 Charity. But did you not, with your vain life, damp 
 all that you by words used by way of persuasion to bring 
 them away with you ? 
 
 Christian. Indeed, I can not commend my life ; for 
 I am conscious to myself of many failings therein ; I 
 know also, that a man by his conversation may soon 
 overthrow, what by argument or persuasion he doth 
 labor to fasten upon others for their good. Yet this I 
 
 3 
 
66 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 can say, I was very wary of giving them occasion, by 
 any unseemly action, to make them averse to going on 
 pilgrimage. Yea, for this very thing they would tell 
 me I was too precise, and that I denied myself of things, 
 for their sakes, in which they saw no evil. Nay, I 
 think I may say that, if what they saw in me did hin- 
 der them, it was my great tenderness in sinning against 
 God, or of doing any wrong to my neighbor. 
 
 Now I saw in my dream, that thus they sat talking 
 together until supper was ready. So when they had 
 made ready, they sat down to meat. Now the table 
 was furnished " with fat things, and with wine that was 
 well refined ; " and all their talk at the table was about 
 the Lord of the hill ; about what he had done, where- 
 fore he did what he did, and why he had builded that 
 house. And by what they said, I perceived that he 
 had been a great warrior, and had fought with and slain 
 "him that had the power of death," but not without 
 great danger to himself, which made me love him the 
 more. For, as they said, he did it with the loss of much 
 blood ; but that which put glory of grace into all he 
 did, was, that he did it out of pure love to his country. 
 And besides, there were some of them of the household 
 that said they had been and spoke with him since he 
 did die on the cross ; and they have attested that they 
 had it from his own lips, that he is such a lover of poor 
 pilgrims, that the like is not to be found from the east 
 to the west. 
 
 They, moreover, gave an instance of what they af- 
 firmed, and that was, he had stripped himself of his 
 glory, that he might do this for the poor ; and that they 
 heard him say and affirm " that he would not dwell in 
 the mountain of Zion alone." They said, moreover, 
 that he had made many pilgrims princes, though by 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 67 
 
 nature they were beggars born, and their original had 
 been the dunghill. 
 
 Thus they discoursed together till late at night, and 
 after they had committed themselves to their Lord for 
 protection, they betook themselves to rest; the pilgrim 
 they laid in a large upper chamber, whose window 
 opened toward the sun-rising; the name of the cham- 
 ber was Peace. 
 
 So in the morning after some more discourse, they 
 told him that he should not depart till they had shown 
 him the rarities of that place. And first they had him 
 into the study, where they showed him records of the 
 greatest antiquity ; in which, as I remember my dream, 
 they showed him first the pedigree of the Lord of the 
 hill, that he was the son of the Ancient of Days, and 
 came by that eternal generation. Here also was more 
 fully recorded the acts that he had done, and the names 
 of many hundreds that he had taken into his service ; 
 and how he had placed them in such habitations, that 
 could neither by length of days, nor decays of nature, 
 be dissolved. 
 
 Then they read to him some of the worthy acts that 
 some of his servants had done : as, how they had "sub- 
 dued kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained pro- 
 mises, stopped the mouths of lions, quenched the 
 violence of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, out of 
 weakness were made strong, waxed valiant in fight, 
 and turned to flight the armies of the aliens. " 
 
 They then read again, in another part of the records 
 of the house, where it was showed how willing their 
 Lord was to receive into his favor any, even any though 
 they in time past had offered great affronts to his per- 
 son and proceedings. 
 
 The next day they took him into the armory, where 
 
6 8 THE PIL GRIM' S PROGRESS. 
 
 they showed him all manner of furniture, which their 
 Lord had provided for pilgrims, as sword, shield, hel- 
 met, breastplate, all-prayer, and shoes that would not 
 wear out. And there was here enough of this to har- 
 ness out as many men for the service of their Lord as 
 there be stars in the heaven for multitude. 
 
 They also showed him some of the engines with which 
 some of his servants had done wonderful things. They 
 showed him Moses' rod ; the hammer and nail with 
 which Jael slew Sisera ; the pitchers, trumpets, and 
 lamps too, with which Gideon put to flight the armies 
 of Midian. Then they showed him the ox's goad where- 
 with Shamgar slew six hundred men. They showed 
 him also the jaw-bone with which Samson did such 
 mighty feats. They showed him, moreover, the sling 
 and stone with which David slew Goliath of Gath ; and 
 the sword, also, with which their Lord will kill the Man 
 of Sin, in the day that he shall rise up to the prey. 
 They showed him, besides, many excellent things, with 
 which Christian was much delighted. 
 
 Then I saw in my dream, that on the morrow he got 
 up to go forward ; but they desired him to stay till the 
 next day also ; and then, said they, we will, if the day 
 be clear, show you the Delectable Mountains, which, 
 they said, would yet further add to his comfort, because 
 they were nearer the desired haven than the place 
 where at present he was ; so he consented and stayed. 
 When the morning was up, they had him to the top of 
 the house, and bid him look south ; so he did : and be- 
 hold, at a great distance, he saw a most pleasant moun- 
 tainous country, beautified with woods, vineyards, fruits 
 of all sorts, flowers also, with springs and fountains, 
 very delectable to behold. Then he asked the name of 
 the country. They said it was Immanuel's Land ; and 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 69 
 
 it is as free, said they, as this hill is, to and for all the 
 pilgrims. From thence, said they, thou mayest see to 
 the gate of the Celestial City. 
 
 Now he bethought himself of setting forward, and 
 they were willing he should. But first, said they, let 
 us go again into the armory. So they did ; and when 
 they came there, they harnessed him from head to foot 
 with what was of proof, lest, perhaps, he should meet 
 with assaults on the way. He being, therefore, thus 
 accoutred, walketh out with his friends to the gate and 
 there he asked the porter if he saw any pilgrim pass by. 
 Then the porter answered, Yes. I asked him his name, 
 and he told me it was Faithful. 
 
 Christian. Oh, said Christian, I know him ; he is 
 my townsman, my near neighbor. How far do you 
 think he may be before ? 
 
 Porter. He is got by this time below the hill. 
 
 Christian. Well, good Porter, the Lord be with 
 thee, and add to all thy blessings much increase, for the 
 kindness that thou hast showed to me. 
 
 Then he began to go forward ; but Discretion, Piety, 
 Charity, and Prudence, would accompany him down to 
 the foot of the hill. Then said Christian, As it was 
 difficult coming up, so, so far as I can see, it is danger- 
 ous going down. Yes, said Prudence, so it is, for it is 
 a hard matter for a man to go down into the Valley of 
 Humiliation, as thou art now, and to catch no slip by 
 the way ; therefore, said they, are we come out to ac- 
 company thee down the hill. So he began to go down 
 but very warily ; yet he caught a slip or two. 
 
 Then I saw in my dream that these good companions, 
 when Christian was gone to the bottom of the hill, gave 
 him a loaf of bread, a bottle of wine, and a cluster of 
 raisins ; and then he went on his way. 
 
70 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 But now, in this Valley of Humiliation, poor Chris- 
 tian had gone but a little way, before he espied a foul 
 fiend coming over the field to meet him ; his name was 
 Apollyon. Then did Christian begin to be afraid, and 
 undecided whether to go back or to stand his ground.' 
 But he considered again that he had no armor for his 
 back ; and to turn the back to him might give him the 
 greater advantage to pierce him with his darts ; so he 
 resolved to stand his ground ; for, thought he, had I no 
 more in mine eye than the saving of my life, it would 
 be the best way to stand. 
 
 So he went on, and Apollyon met him. Now the 
 monster was hideous to behold ; he was clothed with 
 scales, like a fish, he had wings like a dragon, feet like 
 a bear, and out of his belly came fire and smoke, and 
 his mouth was as the mouth of a lion. When he was 
 come up to Christian, he beheld him with a disdainful 
 countenance, and thus began to question with him. 
 
 Apollyon. Whence came you ? and whither are you 
 bound ? 
 
 Christian. I am come from the City of Destruction, 
 which is the place of all evil, and am going to the City 
 of Zion. 
 
 Apollyon. By this I perceive that thou art one of 
 my subjects, for all that country is mine, and I am the 
 prince and god of it. How is it, then, thou hast run 
 away from thy king ? Were it not that I hope thou 
 mayest do me more service, I would strike thee now 
 at one blow, to the ground. 
 
 Christian. I was born, indeed, in your dominions, but 
 your service was hard, and your wages such as a man 
 could not live on, ' ' for the wages of sin is death ; " there- 
 fore, when I was come to years, I did as other consider- 
 ate persons do, look out if perhaps I might mend myself. 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 71 
 
 Apollyon. There is no prince that will thus lightly 
 lose his subjects, neither will I as yet lose thee ; but 
 since thou complainest of thy service and wages, be 
 content to go back ; what our country will afford, I do 
 here promise to give thee. 
 
 Christian. But I have let myself to another, even 
 to the King of princes ; and how can I, with fairness, 
 go back with thee ? 
 
 Apollyon. Thou hast in this, "Changed a bad for 
 a worse ; " but it is ordinary for those that have pro- 
 fessed themselves his servants, after a while to give 
 him the slip, and return again to me. Do thou so too, 
 and all shall be well. 
 
 Christian. I have given him my faith, and sworn 
 my allegiance to him ; how, then, can I go back from 
 this, and not be hanged as a traitor ? 
 
 Apollyon. Thou didst the same to me, and yet I am 
 willing to pass by all, if now thou wilt yet turn again 
 and go back. 
 
 Christian. What I promised thee was in my non- 
 age ; and, besides, I count the Prince under whose ban- 
 ner now I stand is able to absolve me ; yea, and to 
 pardon also what I did as to my compliance with thee ; 
 and besides, O thou destroying Apollyon ! to speak 
 truth, I like his service, his wages, his servants, his 
 government, his company and country, better than 
 thine ; and, therefore, leave off to persuade me further ; 
 I am his servant and I will follow him. 
 
 Apollyon. Consider, again, when thou art in cool 
 blood, what thou art like to meet with in the way that 
 thou goest. Thou knowest that, for the most part, his 
 servants came to an ill end, because they are trans- 
 gressors against me and my ways. How many of them 
 have been put to shameful deaths ; and, besides, thou 
 
72 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 countest his service better than mine, whereas he never 
 came yet from the place where he is to deliver any that 
 | served him out of their hands ; but as for me, how 
 many times, as all the world very well knows, have I 
 delivered, either by power, or fraud, those that have 
 faithfully served me, from him and his, though taken 
 by them ; and so I will deliver thee. 
 
 Christian. His forebearing at present to deliver 
 them is on purpose to try their love, whether they will 
 cleave to him to the end ; and as for the ill end thou 
 sayest they come to, that is most glorious in their 
 account ; for, for present deliverance, they do not much 
 expect it, for they stay for their glory, and then they 
 shall have it, when their Prince comes in his and the 
 glory of the angles. 
 
 Apollyon. Thou hast already been unfaithful in 
 thy service to him ; and how dust thou think to receive 
 wages of him ? 
 
 Christian. Wherein, O Apollyon, have I been un- 
 faithful to him ? 
 
 Apollyon. Thou didst faint at first setting out, 
 when thou wast almost choked in the Gulf of Despond ; 
 thou didst attempt wrong ways to get rid of thy bur- 
 den, whereas thou shouldest have staved till thy Prince 
 had taken it of ; thou didst sinfully sleep and lose thy 
 choice thing ; thou wast, also, almost persuaded to go 
 back, at the sight of the lions ; and when thou talkest 
 of thy journey, and of what thou hast heard and seen, 
 thou art inwardly desirous of vainglory in all that thou 
 sayest or doest. 
 
 Christian. All this is true, and much more which 
 thou hast left out! but the Prince whom I serve and 
 honor is merciful, and ready to forgive ; but, besides, 
 these infirmities possessed me in thy country, for there 
 
THE PIL GRIM' S PRO GRESS. 7 3 
 
 I sucked them in ; and I have groaned under them, 
 been sorry for them, and have obtained pardon of my 
 Prince. 
 
 Then Apollyon broke out into a grievous rage, say- 
 ing, I am an enemy to this Prince ; I hate his person, 
 his laws, and people ; I am come out on purpose to 
 withstand thee. 
 
 Christian. Apollyon, beware what you do ; for I 
 am in the king's highway, the way of holiness ; there- 
 fore take heed to yourself. 
 
 Then Apollyon straddled quite over the whole 
 breadth of the way, and said, I am void of fear in this 
 matter ; prepare thyself to die, for I swear by my in- 
 fernal den, that thou shall go no further ; here will I 
 spill thy soul. 
 
 And with that he threw a flaming dart at his breast ; 
 but Christian had a shield in his hand, with which he 
 caught it, and so prevented the danger of that. 
 
 Then did Christian draw, for he saw it was time to 
 bestir him ; and Apollyon as fast made at him, throw- 
 ing darts as thick as hail, by the which, notwithstand- 
 ing all that Christian could do to avoid it, Apollyon 
 wounded him in his head, his hand, and foot. This 
 made Christian give a little back ; Apollyon, therefore, 
 followed his work amain, and Christian again took 
 courage, and resisted as manfully as he could. This 
 sore combat lasted for above half a day, even till 
 Christian was almost quite spent ; for you must know 
 that Christian, by reason of his wounds, must needs 
 grow weaker and weaker. 
 
 Then Apollyon, espying his opportunity, began to 
 gather up close to Christian, and wrestling with him, 
 gave him a dreadful fall ; and with that Christian's 
 sword flew out of his hand. Then said Apollyon, I am 
 
74 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 sure of thee now. And with that he had almost pressed 
 him to death, so that Christian began to despair of life: 
 but as God would have it, while Apollyon was fetching 
 of his last blow, thereby to make a full end of this good 
 man, Christian nimbly stretched out his hand for his 
 sword and caught it, saying, "Rejoice not against me, 
 O mine enemy : when I fall I shall arise ;" and with 
 that gave him a deadly thrust, which made him give 
 back ; as one that had received his mortal wound. 
 Christian perceiving that, made at him again, saying, 
 "Nay, in all these things we are more than conquerors 
 through him that loved us." And with that Apollyon 
 spread forth his dragon's wings and sped him away, 
 that Christian for a season, saw him no more. 
 
 In this combat no man can imagine, unless he had 
 seen and heard as I did, what yelling and hideous 
 roaring Apollyon made all the time of the fight — he 
 spake like a dragon ; and, on the other side, what sighs 
 and groans burst from Christian's heart. I never saw 
 him all the while give so much as one pleasant look, 
 till he perceived he had wounded Apollyon with his two- 
 edged sword ; then indeed, he did smile, and look up- 
 ward, but it was the dreadfullest sight that ever I saw. 
 
 So when the battle was over, Christian said, " I will 
 here give thanks to him that delivered me out of the 
 mouth of the lion, to him that did help me against 
 Apollyon." 
 
 Then there came to him a hand, with some of the 
 leaves of the tree of life, the which Christian took, and 
 applied to the wounds that he had received in the bat- 
 tle, and was healed immediately. He also sat down in 
 that place to eat bread, and to drink of the bottle that 
 was given him a little before ; so, being refreshed, he 
 addressed himself to his journey, with his sword drawn 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 75 
 
 in his hand ; for he said, I know not but some other 
 enemy may be at hand. But he met with no other 
 affront from Apollyon quite through this valley. 
 
 Now, at the end of this valley was another, called 
 the Valley of the Sha- 
 dow of Death, and 
 Christian must needs go 
 through it, because the 
 way to the Celestial City 
 lay through the midst 
 of it. Now, this valley 
 is a very solitary place, 
 and Christian was worse 
 put to it than in his fight 
 with Apollyon ; as you 
 shall see. 
 
 I saw th en in my 
 dream, that when Chris- 
 tian was got to the bor- 
 ders of the Shadow of 
 Death, there met him 
 two men, children of 
 them that brought up 
 an evil report of the 
 good land, making 
 haste to go back ; to 
 whom Christian spake 
 as follows: Whither 
 are you going ? 
 
 Men. Back ! back ! and we would have you to do 
 so too, if either life or peace is prized by you. 
 
 Christian. Why, what's the matter ? 
 
 Men. Matter ! we were going that way as you are 
 going, and went as far as we durst ; and indeed wc were 
 
 TO HIM LET ME GIVE LASTING PRAISE. 
 
76 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 almost past coming back; for had we gone a little fur- 
 ther we had not been here to bring the news to thee. 
 
 Christian. But what have you met with ? 
 
 Men. Why, we were almost in the Valley of the 
 Shadow of Death ; but that, by good hap, we looked 
 before us, and saw the danger before we came to it. 
 
 Christian. But what have you seen ? 
 
 Men. Seen ! Why, the valley itself, which is as 
 dark as pitch ; we also saw there the hobgoblins, satyrs, 
 and dragons of the pit ; we heard also in that Valley a 
 continual howling and yelling, as of a people under un- 
 utterable misery, who there sat bound in affliction and 
 irons ; and over that Valley hangs the discouraging 
 clouds of confusion. Death also doth always spread his 
 wings over it. 
 
 Then, said Christian, I perceive that this is my way 
 to the desired haven. 
 
 Men. Be it thy way ; we will not choose it for ours. 
 So they parted, and Christian went on his way, but still 
 with his sword drawn in his hand, for fear lest he should 
 be assaulted. 
 
 I saw then in my dream so far as this valley reached, 
 there was on the right hand a very deep ditch, into 
 which the blind have led the blind in all ages, and both 
 have there miserably perished. Again, behold on the 
 left hand, there was a very dangerous quag, into which, 
 if even a good man falls, he can find no bottom for his 
 foot to stand on. Into that quag king David once did 
 fall, and had no doubt therein been smothered, had not 
 he that is able plucked him out. 
 
 The pathway was here also exceedingly narrow, and 
 therefore good Christian was the more put to it ; for 
 when he sought, in the dark, to shun the ditch on the 
 one hand, he was ready to tip over into the mire on the 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 77 
 
 other ; also when he sought to escape the mire, with- 
 out great carefulness he would be ready to fall into the 
 ditch. Thus he went on, and I heard him here sigh 
 
 A COMPANY OF FIENDS. 
 
 bitterly ; for, besides the dangers mentioned above, the 
 pathway was here so dark, that oftimes when he lift 
 up his foot to set forward, he knew not where or upon 
 what he should set it next. 
 
78 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 About the midst of this valley, I perceived the mouth 
 of hell to be near by the way-side. Now, thought Chris- 
 tian, what shall I do ? And ever and anon the flame 
 and smoke would come out in such abundance, with 
 sparks and hideous noises, (things that cared not for 
 Christian's sword, as did Apollyon before,) that he was 
 forced to put up his sword, and betake himself to another 
 weapon, called All-prayer. So he cried in my hearing, 
 "O Lord, I beseech thee, deliver my soul!" Thus 
 he went on a great while, yet still the flames would be 
 reaching towards him. Also he heard doleful voices, 
 and rushings to and fro, so that sometimes he thought 
 he should be torn in pieces, or trodden down like mire 
 in the streets. This frightful sight was seen and these 
 dreadful noises were heard by him for several miles 
 together ; and coming to a place where he thought he 
 heard a company of fiends coming forward to meet him, 
 he stopped, and began to muse what he had best to do. 
 Sometimes he had half a thought to go back ; then 
 again he thought he might be half way through the 
 valley ; he remembered also how he had already van- 
 quished many a danger, and that the danger of going 
 back might be much more than for to go forward ; so 
 he resolved to go on. Yet the fiends seemed to come 
 nearer and nearer ; but when they were almost at him, 
 he cried out with a most vehement voice, " I will walk 
 in the strength of the Lord God ! " so they gave back 
 and came no further. 
 
 One thing I would not let slip ; I took notice that 
 now poor Christian was so confounded, that he did not 
 know his own voice ; and thus I perceived it. Just 
 when he was come o\ r er against the mouth of the burn- 
 ing pit, one of the wicked ones got behind him, and 
 stepped up softly to him, and whisperingly suggested 
 
OMi OF THE WICKED ONES cor BEHIND HIM, AND WH1SPERINGLY SUGGESTED 
 
 MANY GRIEVOUS U.ASHIEMIES TO HIM. 
 
 [79J 
 
80 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 many grievous blamphemies to him, which he verily 
 thought had proceeded from his own mind. This put 
 Christian more to it than anything that he met with 
 before, even to think that he should now blaspheme 
 him that he loved so much before ; yet if he could have 
 helped it, he would not have done it ; but he had not 
 the discretion either to stop his ears, or to know from 
 whence these blasphemies came. 
 
 When Christian had travelled in this disconsolate con- 
 dition some considerable time, he thought he heard the 
 voice of a man, as going before him, saving, " Though 
 I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I 
 will fear no evil, for thou art with me." 
 
 Then he was glad. 
 
 By-and-by the day broke ; then said Christian, He 
 hath turned " the shadow of death into the morning." 
 
 Now morning being come, he looked back, not out 
 of desire to return, but to see, by the light of the day, 
 what hazards he had gone through in the dark. So he 
 saw more perfectly the ditch that was on the one hand, 
 and the quag that was on the other ; also how narrow 
 the way was which led betwixt them both ; also now he 
 saw the hobgoblins, and satyrs, and dragons of the pit, 
 but all afar off — for after break of day, they came not 
 nigh. 
 
 Christian was now much affected with his deliverance 
 from all the dangers of his solitary way. About this 
 time the sun was rising, and this was another mercy to 
 Christian ; for though the first part of the Valley of 
 the Shadow of Death was dangerous, yet this second 
 part far more dangerous. From the place where he now 
 stood, even to the end of the valley, the way was all along 
 set so full of " snares, traps, gins, and nets here, and 
 so full of pits, pitfalls, deep holes, and shelvings down 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 81 
 
 there, that, had it now been dark, as it was when he came 
 the first part of the way, nad he had a thousand souls, 
 they had in reason been cast away." 
 
 Now I saw in my dream, that at the end of this val- 
 ley lay blood, bones, ashes, and mangled bodies of men, 
 even of pilgrims that had gone this way formerly ; and 
 while I was musing what should be the reason, I espied 
 a little before me a cave, where two giants, Pope and 
 Pagan, dwelt in old time ; by whose power and tyranny 
 the men whose bones, blood, ashes, etc., lay there, 
 were cruelly put to death. But by this place Christian 
 went without much danger, whereat I somewhat won- 
 dered; but I have learnt since that Pagan had been 
 dead many a day; and as for the other, though he be 
 yet alive, he is, by reason of age, and also of the many 
 shrewd brushes that he met with in his younger days, 
 grown so crazy and stiff in his joints, that he can now 
 do little more than sit in his cave's mouth, grinning at 
 pilgrims as they go by, and biting his nails because he 
 cannot come at them. But he held his peace, and set a 
 good face on it, and so went by and catched no hurt. 
 Then sang Christian: 
 
 "O world of wonders ! (I can see no less) 
 That I should be preserved in that distress 
 That I have met with here ! O blessed be 
 That hand that from it hath deliver' d me ! 
 Dangers in darkness, devils, hell, and sin, 
 Did compass me, while I this vale was in: 
 Yea, snares and pits, and traps, and nets, did lie 
 My path about, that worthless, silly I 
 Might have been catch' d, entangled, and cast down; 
 But since I live, let Jesus wear the crown." 
 
 Now, as Christian went on his way, he came to a 
 little ascent, which was cast up on purpose that pil- 
 grims might sec before them. Up there, therefore, 
 3* 
 
82 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 Christian went, and looking forward, he saw Faithful 
 before him, upon his journey. Then said Christian 
 aloud, " Ho ! ho ! Soho ! stay, and I will be your com- 
 panion ! " At that, Faithful looked behind him; to 
 whom Christian cried again, " Stay, stay, till I come up 
 to you." But Faithful answered, " No, I am upon my 
 life, and the avenger of blood is behind me." 
 
 At this Christian was somewhat moved, and putting 
 to all his strength, he quickly got up with Faithful, and 
 did also overrun him ; so the last was first. Then did 
 Christian vain-gloriously smile, because he had gotten 
 the start of his brother; but not taking good heed to 
 his feet, he suddenly stumbled and fell, and could not 
 rise again until Faithful came up to help him. 
 
 Then I saw in my dream they went very lovingly on 
 together, and had sweet discourse of all things that had 
 happened to them in their pilgrimage; and thus they 
 discoursed : 
 
 Christian. How long, dear friend, did you stay in 
 the City of Destruction, before you set out after me on 
 your pilgrimage ? 
 
 Faithful. Till I could stay no longer; for there 
 was great talk presently after you had gone out, that 
 our city would in a short time, with fire from heaven, 
 be burned down to the ground. I heard some of your 
 neighbors deridingly speak of you and your desperate 
 journey, but I do still believe that the end of our city 
 will be with fire and brimstone from above. 
 
 Christian. Did they speak of neighbor Pliable ! 
 
 Faithful. Oh yes ! Since he hath gone back he 
 hath been greatly derided among all sorts of people. 
 He is now seven times worse than if he had never gone 
 out of the city. They say, hang him, he is a turncoat, 
 he is not true to his profession. I think God has 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. S$ 
 
 stirred up even his enemies to hiss at him, and make 
 him a proverb because he hath forsaken the way. I 
 met him once in the streets, but he leered away on the 
 other side, as one ashamed of what he had done. 
 
 Christian. Wei, neighbor Faithful, let us leave him, 
 and talk of things that more immediately concern our- 
 selves. Tell me now what you have met with in the 
 way as you came. 
 
 Faithful. I escaped the Slough that I perceived 
 you fell into, and got up to the gate without that dan- 
 ger; only I met with one whose name was Wanton, who 
 had like to have done me a mischief. 
 
 Christian. It was well you escaped her net; Joseph 
 was hard put to it by her, and he escaped her as you 
 did ; but it had like to have cost him his life. But what 
 did she do to you ? 
 
 Faithful. You cannot think, but that you know 
 something, what a nattering tongue she had; she lay at 
 me hard to turn aside with her, promising me all man- 
 ner of content. 
 
 Christian. Nay, she did not promise you the con- 
 tent of a good conscience. 
 
 Faithful. You know what I mean. 
 
 Christian. Thank God, you have escaped her: "The 
 abhored of the Lord shall fall into her ditch." Did you 
 meet with no other assault as you came ? 
 
 Faithful. When I came to the foot of the hill called 
 Difficulty, I met with a very aged man, who asked me 
 what I was, and whither bound. I told him that I am 
 a pilgrim, going to the Celestial City. Then said the 
 old man, Thou lookest like an honest fellow; wilt thou 
 be content to dwell with me for the wages that I shall 
 give thee ? Then I asked him his name, and where he 
 dwelt. He said his name was Adam the First, and that 
 
84 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 he dwelt in the town of Deceit. He told me, that his 
 work was many delights; and his wages, that I should 
 be his heir at last. I further asked him what house he 
 kept, and what other servants he had. So he told me, 
 that his house was maintained with all the dainties in 
 the world ; and that his servants were those of his own 
 begetting. Then I asked if he had any children. He 
 said that he had but three daughters: the Lust of the 
 Flesh, the Lust of the Eyes, and the Pride of Life, and 
 that I should marry them all if I would. Then I asked 
 how long time he would have me live with him ? And 
 he told me, As long as he lived himself. At first, I 
 found myself somewhat inclinable to go with the man, 
 for I thought he spake very fair; but looking in his fore- 
 head, as I talked with him, I saw there written, " Put 
 off the old man with his deeds." 
 
 Christian. And how then ? 
 
 Faithful. Then it came burning hot into my mind, 
 whatever he said, and however he flattered, when he 
 got me home to his house he would sell me for a slave. 
 So I bid him forbear to talk, for I would not come near 
 the door of his house. Then he reviled me, and told 
 me that he would send such a one after me, that should 
 make my way bitter to my soul. So I turned to go 
 away from him; but just as I turned myself to go, I 
 felt him take hold of my flesh, and give me such a 
 deadly twitch back, that I thought he had pulled part of 
 me after himself. So I went on my way up the hill. 
 Xow when I had got about half way up, I looked behind, 
 and saw one coming after me, swift as the wind, so he 
 overtook me just^about the place where the settle stands. 
 
 Christian. Just there, said Christian, did I sit down 
 to rest me; but being overcome with sleep, I there lost 
 this roll out of my bosom, 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 Faithful. But, good Brother, hear me out. So 
 soon as the man overtook me, he was but a word and a 
 blow, for down he knocked me, and laid me for dead. 
 But when I was a little come 
 to myself again, I asked 
 him wherefore he served 
 rne so. He said, because of 
 my secret inclining to Adam 
 the First: and with that he 
 struck me another deadly 
 blow on the breast, and beat 
 me down backward ; so I lay 
 at his foot as dead as before. 
 So, when I came to myself 
 again I cried him mercy; 
 but he said, I know not 
 how to show mercy; and 
 with that knocked me down 
 again. He had doubtless 
 made an end of me, but that 
 one came by, and bid him 
 forbear. 
 
 Christian. Who was 
 that that bid him forbear? 
 
 Faithful. I did not 
 know him at first, but as 
 he went by, I perceived the 
 holes in his hands and in his 
 side; then I concluded that 
 he was our Lord. So I 
 went up the hill. 
 
 Christian. That man that overtook you was Moses. 
 He spareth none, neither knoweth he how to show 
 mercy to those that transgress his law. ■ 
 
 DISCONTENT. 
 
86 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 Faithful. I know it very well; it was not the first 
 time that he has met with me. It was he that came to 
 me when I dwelt securely at home, and that told me 
 he would burn my house over my head if I stayed 
 there. 
 
 Christian. But did you not see the house that stood 
 there on the top of the hill, on the side of which Moses 
 met you ? 
 
 Faithful. Yes, and the lions too, before I came at 
 it; but for the lions, I think they were asleep, for it was 
 about noon; and because I had so much of the day 
 before me, I passed by the porter, and came down the 
 hill. 
 
 Christian. He told me, indeed, that he saw you go 
 by, but I wished you had called at the house, for they 
 would have showed you so many rarities, that you would 
 scarce have forgot them to the day of your death. But 
 pray tell me, Did you meet nobody in the Valley of 
 Humility ? 
 
 Faithful. Yes, I met with one Discontent who 
 would willingly have persuaded me to go back again 
 with him, as the valley was altogether without honor, 
 and to go there was to disobey my friends. Pride, Arro- 
 gancy, Self-conceit, Worldly-glory, with others, who, he 
 knew, would be very much offended, if I made such a 
 fool of myself as to wade through this valley. 
 
 Christian. Well, and how did you answer him. 
 
 Faithful. I told him that although all these might 
 claim kindred of me, for indeed they were my relations 
 according to the flesh ; yet since I became a pilgrim, they 
 have disowned me, as I also have rejected them ; and 
 now were no more than if they had never been of my 
 lineage. I also met with Shame; but of all the men 
 that I met with in my pilgrimage, he, I think, bears 
 
SS THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 the wrong name. The others would be said nay, after 
 a little argumentation, and somewhat else; but this 
 bold-faced Shame would never have done. 
 
 Christian. Why, what did he say to you? 
 
 Faithful. What ! why, he objected against religion 
 itself; he said it was a pitiful, low, sneaking business, 
 for a man to mind religion; he said that a tender con- 
 science was an unmanly thing; and that for a man to 
 watch over his words and ways, so as to tie up himself 
 from that hectoring liberty that the brave spirits of the 
 times accustom themselves unto, would make him the 
 ridicule of the times. He objected also, that but few 
 of the mighty, rich, or wise, were ever of my opinion. 
 He, moreover, objected the base and low estate and 
 condition of those that were chiefly the pilgrims of the 
 times in which they lived, also their ignorance and 
 want of understanding in all natural science. Yea, he did 
 hold me to it at that rate also, about a great many more 
 things than here I relate; as, that it was a shame to sit 
 whining and mourning under a sermon, and a shame to 
 come sighing and groaning home; that it was a shame 
 to ask my neighbor forgiveness for petty faults, or to 
 make restitution where I have taken from any. He 
 said, also, that religion made a man grow strange to the 
 great, because of a few vices, which he called by finer 
 names ; and made him own and respect the base because 
 of the same religious fraternity. And is not this said 
 he, a shame ? 
 
 Christian. And what did you say to him ? 
 
 Faithful. Say ! I could not tell what to say at the 
 first. Yea, he put me so to it, that my blood came up 
 in my face; even this Shame fetched it up, and had 
 almost beat me quite off. But at last I began to con- 
 sider that "that which is highly esteemed among men, 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 89 
 
 is had in abomination with God." And I thought 
 again, this Shame tells me what men are, but it tells 
 me nothing what God or the Word of God is. And I 
 thought, moreover, that at the day of doom, we shall 
 not be doomed to death or life according to the hector- 
 ing spirits of the world, but according to the wisdom 
 and law of the Highest. Therefore, thought I, what 
 God says is best, indeed is best, though all the men in 
 the world are against it. Seeing, then, that God pre- 
 fers his religion; seeing God prefers a tender con- 
 science; seeing they that make themselves fools for the 
 kingdom of heaven are wisest; and that the poor man 
 that loveth Christ is richer than the greatest man in 
 the world that hates him; Shame, depart, thou art an 
 enemy to my salvation ! Shall I entertain thee against 
 my sovereign Lord ? How then shall I look him in the 
 face at his coming? Shame was a bold villain. He 
 would be haunting me, and continually whispering to 
 me some one or other of the infirmities that attend re- 
 ligion ; but at last I told him it was but in vain to at- 
 tempt further in this business; so I got past this im- 
 portunate one. 
 
 Christian. It was well for you. I am sure it fared 
 far otherwise with me; I had for a long season, as soon 
 almost as I entered into that valley, a dreadful combat 
 with that foul fiend Apollyon; yea, I thought verily he 
 would have killed me; especially when he got me down 
 and crushed me under him, as if he would have crushed 
 me to pieces; for as he threw me, my sword flew out of 
 my hand; nay, he told me he was sure of me: but I 
 cried to God, and he heard me, and delivered me out of 
 all my troubles. 
 
 Moreover, I saw in my dream, that as they went on, 
 Faithful, as he chanced to look on one side, saw a man 
 
90 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 whose name is Talkative, walking at a distance beside 
 them ; for in this place there was room enough for them 
 all to walk. He was a tall man, and something more 
 comely at a distance than at hand. To this man Faith- 
 ful addressed himself in this manner. 
 
 Faithful. Friend, whither away? Are you going 
 to the heavenly country ? 
 
 Talkative. I am going to the same place. 
 
 Faithful. That is well; then I hope we may have 
 your good company. 
 
 Talkative. With a very good will will I be your 
 companion. To talk of things that are good, to me is 
 very acceptable, with you or with any other; and I am 
 glad that I have met with those that incline to so good a 
 work ; for, to speak the truth, there are but few that care 
 thus to spend their time as they are in their travels, but 
 choose much rather to be speaking of things to no profit. 
 
 Faithful. That is indeed a thing to be lamented. 
 
 Talkative. I like you wonderful well, for your 
 sayings are full of conviction ; and I will add, what thing 
 is so pleasant, and what so profitable, as to talk of the 
 things of God ? For instance, if a man doth delight to 
 talk of the history or the mystery of things; or if a man 
 doth love to talk of miracles, wonders, or signs, where 
 shall he find things recorded so delightful, and so sweet- 
 ly penned, as in the Holy Scripture ? 
 
 Faithful. Well, then, what is that one thing that 
 we shall at this time found our discourse upon ? 
 
 Talkative. What you will. I will talk of things 
 heavenly, or things earthly; things moral, or things 
 evangelical; things sacred, or things profane; things 
 past, or things to come; things foreign, or things at 
 home; things more essential, or things circumstantial; 
 provided that all be done to our profit. 
 
THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 9 1 
 
 Faithful began to wonder ; and stepping to Christian, 
 i\2 said to him softly, What a brave companion have 
 we got I Surely this man will make a very excellent 
 pilgrim. 
 
 Christian modestly smiled, and said, This man, with 
 whom you are so taken, will beguile with that tongue 
 of his, twenty of them that know him not. 
 
 Faithful. Do you know him then ? 
 
 Christian. Know him ! Yes, better than he knows 
 himself. 
 
 Faithful. Pray, what is he ? 
 
 Christian. His name is Talkative; he dwelleth in 
 our town. I wonder that you should be a stranger to 
 him. He is the son of one Say-well, and is known of 
 all that are acquainted with him by the name of Talk- 
 ative in Prating Row. 
 
 Faithful. Well, he seems to be a very pretty man ? 
 
 Christian. That is to them who have not thorough 
 acquaintance with him ; for he is best abroad ; near home, 
 he is ugly enough. 
 
 Faithful. But I am ready to think that you but do 
 jest, because you smiled. 
 
 Christian. God forbid that I should jest in this mat- 
 ter, or that I should accuse any falsely ! I will tell you 
 further of him. This man is for any company, and for 
 any talk ; as he talketh now with you, so will he talk on 
 the ale-bench; and the more drink he hath in his crown 
 the more of these things he hath in his mouth ; religion 
 hath no place in his heart, or house, or conversation ; 
 all he hath, lieth in his tongue, and his religion is to 
 make a noise therewith. 
 
 Faithful. Say you so ! then am I in this man 
 greatly deceived. 
 
 Christian. Deceived ! you may be sure of it ; remem- 
 
92 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 ber the proverb, "They say and do not/' But the 
 "kingdom of God is not in word, but in power." He 
 talketh of prayer, of repentance, of faith, and of the 
 new birth; but he knows but only to talk of them. His 
 house is as empty of religion as the white of an egg is 
 of savor. There is neither prayer, nor sign of repent- 
 ance of sin there; yea, the brute in his kind serves 
 God far better than he. He is the very stain, reproach, 
 and shame of religion, to all who know him. Thus say 
 the common people that know him, A saint abroad, and 
 a devil at home. His poor family finds it so; he is such 
 a churl, such a railer at, and so unreasonable with his 
 servants, that they neither know how to do for or speak 
 to him. This Talkative will defraud and beguil. Be- 
 sides, he brings up his sons to follow his steps. I am 
 of the opinion that he has, by his wicked life, caused 
 many to stumble and fall ; and will be, if God prevent 
 not, the ruin of many more. 
 
 Faithful. Well, I was not so fond of his company 
 at first, but I am as sick of it now. What shall we do 
 to be rid of him ? 
 
 Christian. Take my advice, and do as I bid you, 
 and you shall find that he will soon be sick of your 
 company too, except God shall touch his heart and 
 turn it. 
 
 Faithful. What would you have me do ? 
 
 Christian. Why, go to him, and enter into some 
 serious discourse about the power of religion ; and ask 
 him plainly whether this thing be set up in his heart, 
 house, or conversation. 
 
 Faithful stepping forward again, said to Talkative, 
 Come, what cheer ? How is it now ? 
 
 Talkative. Thank you, well. I thought we should 
 have had a great deal of talk by this time. 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 93 
 
 Faithful. Well, if you will, we will fall to it now; 
 and since you leave it to me, I will tell you all the 
 truth. I have heard that you are a man whose religion 
 lies in talk, and that your conversation gives this your 
 mouth-profession the lie. They say, you are a spot 
 among Christians; and that religion fareth the worse 
 for your ungodly conversation ; that some have already 
 stumbled at your wicked ways, and that more are in 
 danger of being destroyed thereby; your religion, and 
 an ale-house, and covetousness, and uncleanness, and 
 swearing, and lying, and vain-company keeping, etc., 
 will stand together. You are a shame to all pro- 
 fessors. 
 
 Talkative. Since you are ready to take up reports 
 and to judge so rashly as you do, I cannot but conclude 
 you are some peevish or melancholy man, not fit to be 
 discoursed with ; and so adieu. 
 
 Christian then came up, and said to his brother, I 
 told you how it would happen; your words and his 
 lusts could not agree: he had rather leave your com- 
 pany than reform his life. But he is gone, as I said ; 
 let him go, the loss is no man's but his own; he has 
 saved us the trouble of going from him. You did well 
 to talk so plainly to him as you did; there is but little 
 of this faithful dealing with men nowadays, who make 
 religion stink in the nostrils of many, as it doth; for 
 they are these talkative fools whose religion is only in 
 word, and who are debauched and vain in their con- 
 versation. I wish that all men would deal with such 
 as you have done; then should they either be made 
 more conformable to religion, or the company of saints 
 would be too hot for them. 
 
 Thus they went on talking of what they had seen by 
 the way, and so made that way easy which would 
 
94 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 otherwise, no doubt, have been tedious to them; for 
 now they went through a wilderness. 
 
 Now, when they were got almost quite out of this 
 wilderness, Faithful chanced to cast his eye back, and 
 espied one coming after them, and he knew him. Oh ! 
 said Faithful to his brother, Who comes yonder ? Then 
 Christian looked and said, It is my good friend Evan- 
 gelist. Ay, and my good friend too, said Faithful, for 
 it was he that set me the way to the gate. Now was 
 Evangelist come up to them, and thus saluted them: 
 
 Evangelist. Peace be with you, dearly beloved; 
 and peace be to your helpers. 
 
 Then Christian and Faithful told him of all things 
 that had happened to them in the wa}^ ; and how, and 
 with what difficulty, they had arrived to that place. 
 Right glad am I, said Evangelist, not that you have 
 met with trials, but that you have been victors; and 
 for that you have, notwithstanding many weaknesses, 
 continued in the way to this very day. I say, right 
 glad am I of this thing, and that for mine own sake 
 and yours. I have sowed, and you have reaped; and 
 the day is coming, when both he that sowed and they 
 that reaped shall rejoice together; that is, if you hold 
 out: "for in due season ye shall reap, if ye faint not." 
 The crown is before you, and it is an incorruptible one; 
 "so run that you may obtain it." Some there be that 
 set out for this crown, and, after they have gone far for 
 it, another comes in, and takes it from them; holdfast, 
 therefore, that you have; let no man take your crown. 
 You are not yet out of the gun-shot of the devil; you 
 have not resisted unto blood, striving against sin; let 
 the kingdom be always before you, and believe stead- 
 fastly concerning things that are invisible. Let nothing 
 that is on this side the other world get within you; and 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 95 
 
 above all, look well to your own hearts and to the lusts 
 thereof, "for they are deceitful above all things, and 
 desperately wicked;" set your faces like a flint; you 
 have all power in heaven and earth on your side. 
 
 Then Christian thanked him for his exhortation. 
 
 Then I saw in my dream, that when they were got out 
 of the wilderness, they saw a town before them, and 
 the name of that town is Vanity; and at the town there 
 is a fair kept, called Vanity Fair; it is kept all the year 
 long; it is so called, because the town where it is kept 
 is lighter than vanity ; and also because all that is there 
 sold, or that cometh thither, is vanity. As is the say- 
 ing of the wise, "all that cometh is vanity." 
 
 This fair is no new-erected business, but a thing of 
 ancient standing; I will show you the original of it. 
 Almost five thousand years agone, there were pilgrims 
 walking to the Celestial City, as these two honest per- 
 sons are; and Beelzebub, Apollyon, and Legion, with 
 their companions, perceiving by the path that the pil- 
 grims made, that their way to the city lay through this 
 town of Vanity, they contrived here to set up a fair; a 
 fair wherein should be sold all sorts of vanity, and that 
 it should last all the year long; therefore at this fair are 
 all such merchandise sold, as houses, lands, trades, 
 places, honors, preferments, titles, countries, kingdoms, 
 lusts, pleasures, and delights of all sorts. 
 
 And at all times is to be seen juggling, cheats, games, 
 plays, fools, apes, knaves, and rogues, and that of every 
 kind. 
 
 Here are to be seen, too, and that for nothing, thefts, 
 murders, adulteries, false swearers, and that of a blood- 
 red color. 
 
 And as in other fairs of less moment, there are several 
 rows and streets, under their proper names, where such 
 
96 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 and such wares are vended ; so here likewise you have 
 the proper places, rows, streets, (viz., countries and 
 kingdoms,) where the wares of this fair are soonest to 
 be found. Here is the Britain Row, the French Row, 
 the Italian Row, the Spanish Row, the German Row, 
 where several sorts of vanities are to be sold. But, as 
 in other fairs, some one commodity is as the chief of 
 all the fair, so the ware of Rome and her merchandise 
 is greatly promoted in this fair; only our English 
 nation, with some others, have taken a dislike thereat. 
 Now, as I said, the way to the Celestial City lies just 
 through this town where this lusty fair is kept ; and he 
 that will go to the City, and yet not go through this 
 town, must needs "go out of the world." The Prince 
 of princes himself, when here, went through this town 
 to his own country, and that upon a fair day too; yea, 
 and as I think, it was Beelzebub, the chief lord of this 
 fair, that invited him to buy of his vanities ; yea, would 
 have made him lord of the fair, would he but have 
 done him reverence as he went through the town. 
 Yea, because he was such a person of honor, Beelzebub 
 had him from street to street, and showed him all the 
 kingdoms of the world in a little time, that he might, 
 if possible, allure the Blessed One to cheapen and buy 
 some of his vanities; but he had no mind to the mer- 
 chandise, and therefore left the town without laying 
 out so much as one farthing upon these vanities. This 
 fair, therefore, is an ancient thing of long standing, 
 and a very great fair. Now these pilgrims, as I said, 
 must needs go through this fair. Well, so they did; 
 but behold, even as they entered into the fair, all the 
 people in the fair were moved, and the town itself as it 
 were in a hubbub about them; and that for several 
 reasons; for. 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 97 
 
 The pilgrims were clothed with such kind of raiment 
 as was diverse from the raiment of any that traded in 
 that fair. The people, therefore, of the fair, made a 
 great gazing upon them; some said they were fools, 
 some they were bedlams, and some they were outland- 
 ish men. 
 
 And as they wondered at their apparel, so they did 
 likewise at their speech: for few could understand what 
 they said; they naturally spoke the language of Canaan, 
 but they that kept the fair were the men of this world; 
 so that, from one end of the fair to the other they 
 seemed barbarians each to the other. 
 
 But that which did not a little amuse the merchan- 
 disers was, that these pilgrims set very light by all their 
 wares; they cared not so much as to look upon them, 
 and if they called upon them to buy, they would put 
 their fingers in their ears and cry, "Turn away mine 
 eyes from beholding vanity," and look upwaids, signi- 
 fying that their trade and traffic was in heaven. 
 
 One chanced mockingly, beholding the carriage of the 
 men, to say unto them, What will ye buy ? But they, 
 looking upon him, answered, "We buy the truth." At 
 that there was an occasion taken to despise the men the 
 more; some mocking, some taunting, some speaking 
 reproachfully, and some calling upon others to smite 
 them. At last things came to a hubbub and a great 
 stir in the fair, insomuch that all order was confounded. 
 Now was word presently brought to the great one of 
 the fair, who quickly came down and deputed some of 
 his most trusty friends to take these men into examina- 
 tion, about whom the fair was almost overturned. So 
 the men were brought to examination; and they that 
 sat upon them, asked them whence they came, whither 
 they went, and what they did there, in such an unusual 
 4 
 
98 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 garb. The men told them that they were pilgrims and 
 strangers in the world, and that they were going to 
 their own country, which was the heavenly Jerusalem, 
 and that they had given no occasion to the men of the 
 town, nor yet to the merchandisers, thus to abuse them, 
 except it was for that, when one asked them what they 
 would buy, they said they would buy the truth. But 
 they that were appointed to examine them did not 
 believe them to be any other than bedlams and mad. 
 Therefore they took them and beat them, and besmeared 
 them with dirt, and put them into the cage, that they 
 might be made a spectacle to all the men of the fair. 
 
 There, therefore, they lay for some time, and were 
 made the objects of any man's sport, or malice, or 
 revenge, the great one of the fair laughing still at all 
 that befell them. But the men being patient, and not 
 rendering railing for railing, but contrariwise, blessing, 
 and giving good words for bad, and kindness for in- 
 juries done, some men in the fair that were more observ- 
 ing, and less prejudiced than the rest, began to check and 
 blame the baser sort for their continual abuses to the 
 men. They said that for aught they could see, the 
 men were quiet, and sober, and intented nobody any 
 harm ; and that there were many that traded in their 
 fair that were more worthy to be put into the cage, yea, 
 and pillory too, than were the men they had abused. 
 
 After words had passed on both sides, the men behav- 
 ing themselves all the while very wisely and soberly, 
 they fell to blows among themselves. Then were these 
 two poor men brought before their examiners again, 
 and there charged as being guilty of the hubbub. So 
 they beat them pitifully, and hanged irons upon them, 
 and led them in chains up and down the fair, for an 
 example and a terror to others, lest any should speak in 
 
LORD HATE-GOOD, 
 
i oo THE PILGRIM" S PROGRESS. 
 
 their behalf, or join themselves unto them. But Chris- 
 tian and Faithful behaved themselves with so much 
 meekness and patience, that it won to their side, though 
 but few in comparison of the rest, several of the men in 
 the fair. This put the other party yet into greater rage, 
 insomuch that they concluded the death of these two 
 men. Wherefore they threatened, that the cage nor 
 irons should serve their turn, but that they should die, 
 for the abuse they had done, and for deluding the men 
 of the fair. Then were they remanded to the cage 
 again, until further order should be taken with them. 
 So they put them in and made their feet fast in the 
 stocks. 
 
 Then a convenient time being appointed, they 
 brought them forth to their trial, in order to their con- 
 demnation. When the time was come, they were 
 brought before their enemies and arraigned. The 
 judge's. name was Lord Hate-good. Their indictment 
 was one and the same in substance, though somewhat 
 varying in form, the contents whereof were this: 
 
 "That they were enemies to and disturbers of their 
 trade; that they had made commotions and divisions 
 in the town, and had won a party to their own most 
 dangerous opinions, in contempt of the law of their 
 prince." 
 
 Then Faithful began to answer, that he had only set 
 himself against that which hath set itself against him 
 that is higher than the highest. And, said he, as for 
 disturbance, I make none, being myself a man of 
 peace; the parties that were won to us, were won by 
 beholding our truth and innocence, and they are only 
 turned from the worse to the better. And as to the 
 king you talk of, since he is Beelzebub, the enemy of 
 our Lord, I defy him and all his angels. 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 101 
 
 Then proclamation was made, that they that had aught 
 to say for their lord the king against the prisoner at the 
 bar, should forthwith appear "and give in their evidence. 
 So there came in three wit- 
 nesses, to wit, Envy, Super- 
 stition, and Pickthank. 
 They were then asked if 
 they knew the prisoner at 
 the bar ; and what they had 
 to say for their lord the king 
 against him. 
 
 Then stood forth Envy 
 and Superstition who gave 
 evidence against the pris- 
 oner. 
 
 Then was Pickthank 
 sworn, and bid say what he 
 knew, in behalf of their lord 
 the king, against the pris- 
 oner at the bar. 
 
 Pickthank. My Lord, 
 and you gentlemen all, this 
 fellow I have known of a 
 long time, and have heard 
 him speak things that ought 
 not to be spoke; for he hath 
 railed on our noble prince 
 Beelzebub, and hath spoken 
 contemptibly of his honor- 
 able friends, whose names are the Lord Old Man, 
 the Lord Carnal Delight, the Lord Luxurious, the 
 Lord Desire of Vain-Glory, my old Lord Lechery, Sir 
 Having Greedy, with all the rest of our nobility; and 
 he hath said, moreover, that if all men were of his 
 
 ENVY. 
 
102 
 
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 mind, if possible, there is not one of these noblemen 
 should have any longer a being in this town. Besides, 
 he hath not been afraid to rail on you, my Lord, who 
 
 are now appointed to be 
 •isaa his judge, calling you 
 an ungodly villain, with 
 many other such like 
 vilifying terms, with 
 which he hath bespat- 
 tered most of the gen- 
 try of our town 
 
 When this Pickthank 
 had told his tale, the 
 Judge directed his 
 speech to the prisoner 
 at the bar, saying, Thou 
 runagate, heretic, and 
 traitor, hast thou heard 
 what these honest gen- 
 tlemen have witnessed 
 against thee ? 
 
 Faithful. May I 
 speak a few words in 
 my own defence ? 
 
 Judge. Sirrah ! Sir- 
 rah ! thou deservest to 
 live no longer, but to be 
 slain immediately upon 
 the place; yet, that all 
 men may see our gentleness towards thee, let us hear 
 what thou, vile runagate, hast to say. 
 
 Faithful. Then, in answer to what Mr. Envy hath 
 spoken, I never said aught but this, That whatsoever 
 is flat against the Word of God, is diametrically oppo- 
 
 SUPERSTITIOX. 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 103 
 
 site to Christianity. If I have said amiss in this, con 
 vince me of my error, and I am ready here before 
 
 As to Mr. Superstition, 
 said only this, That in 
 
 you 
 and 
 the 
 
 to make my recantation, 
 his charge against me, 
 worship of God there is 
 required a Divine faith ; 
 but there can be no 
 Divine faith without a 
 Divine revelation of the 
 will of God. As to 
 what Mr. Pickthank 
 hath said, I say that the 
 prince of this town, with 
 all the rabblement, his 
 attendants, by this gen- 
 tleman named, are more 
 fit for being in hell than 
 in this town and coun- 
 try; and so, the Lord 
 have mercy upon me ! 
 
 Then the Judge called 
 to the jury (who all this 
 while stood by, to hear 
 and observe) : Gentle- 
 men of the jury, you see 
 this man about whom 
 so great an uproar hath 
 been made in this town. 
 You have also heard 
 
 what these worthy gentlemen have witnessed against 
 him. Also you have heard his reply and confession. It 
 lieth now in your breasts to hang him or save his life. 
 You see he disputeth against our religion; and for the 
 treason he hath confessed, he deserveth to die the death. 
 
 PICKTHANK. 
 
104 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 Then went the jury out, whose names were, Mr. 
 Blind-man, Mr. No-good, Mr. Malice, Mr. Love-lust, 
 Mr. Live-loose, Mr. Heady, Mr. High-mind, Mr. En- 
 mity, Mr. Liar, Mr. Cruelty, Mr. Hate-light, and Mr. 
 Implacable ; who every one gave in his private verdict 
 against him among themselves, and afterwards unani- 
 mously concluded to bring him in guilty before the 
 Judge. And first, among themselves, Mr. Blind-man, 
 the foreman, said, I see clearly that this man is a here- 
 tic. Then said Mr. No-good, Away with such a fel- 
 low from the earth. Ay, said Mr. Malice, for I hate the 
 very looks of him. Then said Mr. Love-lust, I could 
 never endure him. Nor I, said Mr. Live-loose, for he 
 would always be condemning my way. Hang him, 
 hang him, said Mr. Heady. A sorry scrub, said Mr. 
 High-mind. My heart riseth against him, said Mr. 
 Enmity. He is a rogue, said Mr. Liar. Hanging is 
 too good for him, said Mr. Cruelty. Let us despatch 
 him out of the way, said Mr. Hate-light. Then said 
 Mr. Implacable, Might I have all the world given me, 
 I could not be reconciled to him; therefore, let us 
 forthwith bring him in guilty of death. And so they 
 did; therefore he was presently condemned to be had 
 from the place where he was, to the place from whence 
 he came, and there to be put to the most cruel death 
 that could be invented. 
 
 They, therefore, brought him out first, they scourged 
 him, then they buffeted him, then they lanced his flesh 
 with knives; after that, they stoned him with stones, 
 then pricked him with their swords; and, last of all 
 they burned him to ashes at the stake. Thus came 
 Faithful to his end. 
 
 Now I saw that there stood behind the multitude a 
 chariot and a couple of horses, waiting for Faithful, 
 
106 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, 
 
 who (so soon as his adversaries had despatched him) 
 was taken up into it; and straightway was carried up 
 through the clouds, with sound of trumpet, the nearest 
 way to the celestial gate. 
 
 But Christian had some respite, and was remanded 
 back to prison. So he there remained for a space; 
 but he that overrules all things, having the power of 
 their rage in his own hand, so wrought it about, that 
 Christian for that time escaped them, and w r ent his 
 way. 
 
 Now I saw in my dream, that Christian went not 
 forth alone, for there was one whose name was Hope- 
 ful (being made so by the beholding of Christian and 
 Faithful in their words and behavior, in their sufferings 
 at the fair), who joined himself unto him, and, enter- 
 ing into a brotherly covenant, told him that he would 
 be his companion. Thus, one died to bear testimony 
 to the truth, and another rises out of his ashes, to be a 
 companion with Christian in his pilgrimage. This 
 Hopeful also told Christian, that there were many more 
 of the men in the fair, that would take their time and 
 follow after. 
 
 So I saw that quickly after they were got out of the 
 fair, they overtook one that was going before them, 
 whose name was By-ends: so they said to him, What 
 countryman, Sir? and how far go you this way? He 
 told them that he came from the town of Fair-speech, 
 and he was going to the Celestial City, but told them not 
 his name. 
 
 Christian. From Fair-speech ! Is there any good 
 that lives there ? 
 
 By-ends. Yes, I hope. 
 
 Christian. Pray, Sir, what may I call you ? 
 
 By-ends. I am a stranger to you, and you to me: 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 107 
 
 if you be going this way, I shall be glad of your com- 
 pany; if not, I must be content. 
 
 Christian. This 
 town of Fair-speech, 
 I have heard of; and, 
 they say, it is a wealthy 
 place. 
 
 By-ends. Yes, I 
 will assure you that it 
 is; and I have very 
 many rich kindred 
 there. 
 
 Christian. Pray, 
 who are your kindred 
 there ? if a man may 
 be so bold. 
 
 By-ends. Almost 
 the whole town; and 
 in particular, my Lord 
 Turn-about, my Lord 
 Time-server, my Lord 
 Fair-speech (from 
 whose ancestors that 
 town first took its 
 name), also Mr. 
 Smooth -man, Mr. Fac- 
 ing - both - ways, Mr. 
 Anything; and the 
 parson of our parish, 
 Mr. Two-tongues, was 
 my mother's own bro- 
 ther by father's side; and to tell you the truth, I am 
 become a gentleman of good quality, yet my great- 
 grandfather was but a waterman, looking one way and 
 
 BURNED TO ASHES AT THE SIAKE, 
 
108 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRE 
 
 rowing another, and I got most of my estate by the 
 same occupation. 
 
 Christian. Are you a married man. 
 
 By-ends. Yes, and my wife is a virtuous woman, 
 the daughter of a virtuous woman; she was my Lady 
 Feigning's daughter, therefore she came of a very hon- 
 orable family, and is arrived to such a pitch of breed- 
 ing, that she knows how to carry it to all, even to 
 prince and peasant. It is true we somewhat differ in 
 religion from those of the stricter sort, yet but in two 
 small points: first, we never strive against wind and 
 tide: secondly, we are always most zealous when reli- 
 gion goes in his silver slippers: we love much to walk 
 with him in the streets, if the sun shines, and the 
 people applaud him. 
 
 Then Christian stepped a little aside to his fellow, 
 Hopeful, saying. It runs in my mind that this is one 
 By-ends of Fair-speech; and if it be he, we have as 
 very a knave in our company as dwelleth in all these 
 parts. So Christian came up with him again, and said, 
 Sir, you talk as if you knew something more than all 
 the world doth; is not your name Mr. By-ends of Fair- 
 speech ? 
 
 By-ends. This is not my name, but indeed it is a 
 nickname that is given me by some that cannot abide 
 me: and I must be content to bear it as a reproach, as 
 other good men have borne theirs before me. 
 
 Christian. But did you never give an occasion to 
 men to call you by this name ? 
 
 By-ends. Never, never! The worst that ever I did 
 to give them an occasion to give me this name was, that 
 I had always the luck to jump in my judgment with 
 the present way of the times, whatever it was, and my 
 chance was to get thereby ; but if things are thus cast 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 109 
 
 upon me, let me count them a blessing; but let not the 
 malicious load me therefore with reproach. 
 
 Christian. If you will go with us, you must go 
 against wind and tide; the which, I perceive, is against 
 your opinion^ you must also own Religion in his rags, 
 as well as when in his silver slippers; and stand by him, 
 too, when bound in irons, as well as when he walketh 
 the streets with applause. 
 
 Then said By-ends, I shall never desert my old prin- 
 ciples, since they are harmless and profitable. 
 
 Now 1 saw in my dream, that Christian and Hopeful 
 forsook him, and kept their distance before him; but 
 one of them looking back, saw three men following by 
 Mr. By-ends, and behold, as they came up with him, he 
 made them a very low conge ; and they also gave him a 
 compliment. The men's names were Mr. Hold-the- 
 world, Mr. Money-love, and Mr. Save-all; men that Mr. 
 By-ends had formerly been acquainted with ; for in their 
 minority they were school-fellows, and were taught by 
 one Mr. Gripe-man, a schoolmaster in Love-gain, which 
 is a market town in the county of Coveting, in the 
 north. This schoolmaster taught them the art of get- 
 ting, either by violence, cozenage, flattery, lyitig, or by 
 putting on a guise of religion. 
 
 Well, when they had, as I said, thus saluted each 
 other, Mr. Money-love said to Mr. By-ends, Who are 
 they upon the road before us ? (for Christian and Hope- 
 ful were yet within view ) 
 
 By-ends. They are a couple of far countrymen, that, 
 after their mode, are going on pilgrimage. 
 
 Money-love. Alas! Why did they not stay, that 
 we might have their good company ? 
 
 By-ends. We are so, indeed; but the men before us 
 are so rigid, and love so much of their own notions, that 
 
no THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 if a man jumps not with them in all things, they thrust 
 him out of their company. 
 
 Save-all. That is bad, but we read of some that 
 are righteous overmuch; rigidness prevails with them 
 to judge and condemn all but themselves. 
 
 By-ends. They, after their headstrong manner, con- 
 clude that it is duty to rush on their journey all 
 weathers ; and I am for waiting for wind and tide. The}' 
 are for Religion when in rags and contempt; but I am 
 for him when he walks in his golden slippers, in the 
 sunshine, and with applause. 
 
 Mr. Hold-the-world. Ay, and hold you there still, 
 good Mr. By-ends; for, for my part, I can count him 
 but a fool, that, having the liberty to keep what he has, 
 shall be so unwise as to lose it. 
 
 Mr. Save-all. I think that we are all agreed in this 
 matter, and therefore there needs no more words about 
 it. 
 
 Christian and Hopeful the while went on till they 
 came at a delicate plain called Ease, where they went 
 with much content; but that plain was but narrow, so 
 they quickly got over it. Xow at the further side of 
 that plain was a hill called Lucre, and in that hill a sil- 
 ver mine, which some of them that had formerly gone 
 that way, because of the rarity of it, had turned aside 
 to see; but going too near the brink of the pit, the 
 ground being deceitful under them, broke, and they 
 were slain ; some also had been maimed there, and 
 could not, to their dying day, be themselves again. 
 
 Then I saw in my dream, that a little off the road, over 
 against the silver mine, stood Demas (gentleman-like) 
 to call to passengers to come and see; who said to 
 Christian and his fellow, Ho ! turn aside hither, and I 
 will show you a thing. 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 1 1 1 
 
 Christian. What thing so deserving- as to turn us 
 out of the way to see it ? 
 
 Demas. Here is a silver mine, and some digging 
 in it for treasure. If you will come, you may richly 
 provide for yourselves. 
 
 Hopeful then said, Let us go see. 
 
 Christian. No ! I have heard of this place before 
 now; and how many have there been slain; and besides 
 that, treasure is a snare to those that seek it; for it hin- 
 dereth them in their pilgrimage. 
 
 Demas. Not very dangerous, except to those that 
 are careless, but he blushed as he spake. 
 
 Christian then said to Hopeful, Let us not stir a 
 step, but still keep on our way. 
 
 Hopeful. I will warrant you, when By-ends comes 
 up, if he hath the same invitation as we, he will turn 
 in to see. 
 
 Christian. No doubt, for his principles lead him 
 that way, and a hundred to one but he dies there. 
 
 Demas called again, saying, But will you not come 
 over and see? Then Christian roundly answered, say- 
 ing, Demas, thou art an enemy to the right ways of the 
 Lord of this way, and hast been already condemned for 
 thine own turning aside, by one of his Majesty's judges. 
 Demas cried again, that he also was one of their fra- 
 ternity; and that if they would tarry a little, he also 
 himself would walk with them. 
 
 Christian then said, What is thy name ? Is it not the 
 same by the which I have called thee ? 
 
 Demas. Yes, my name is Demas; I am the son of 
 Abraham. 
 
 Christian. I know you; Gehazi was your great- 
 grandfather, and Judas your father; and you have trod 
 
1 1 2 THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 
 
 in their steps. Thy father was hanged for a traitor, 
 and thou deservest no better reward. 
 
 Thus they went their way. By this time By-ends 
 and his companions were come again within sight, and 
 they, at the first beck, went over to Demas. Now, 
 whether they fell into the pit or whether they went 
 down to dig, or whether they were smothered by the 
 damps that commonly arise, I am not certain; but I 
 observed, that they never were seen again. 
 
 Just on the other side of this plain, the pilgrims came 
 to a place where stood an old monument, at the sight 
 of which they were both concerned, it seemed to them 
 as if it had been a woman transformed into the shape 
 of a pillar. At last Hopeful espied, written above the 
 head thereof, a writing in an unusual hand. Christian, 
 after a little laying of letters together, found the same 
 to be this, "Remember Lot's wife/' So he read it to 
 his fellow; after which they both concluded that that 
 was the pillar of salt into which Lot's wife was turned, 
 for her looking back with a covetous heart, when she 
 was going from Sodom for safety. 
 
 I saw, then, that they went on their way to a pleasant 
 river; which David the king called "the river of God," 
 but John, "the river of the water of life." Now their 
 way lay just upon the bank of the river; here, therefore, 
 Christian and his companion walked with great delight; 
 they drank also of the water of the river, which was 
 pleasant and enlivening to their w T eary spirits; besides, 
 on the banks of this river, on either side, were green 
 trees, that bore all manner of fruit, and the leaves of 
 the trees were good for medicine; with the fruit of 
 these trees they were also much delighted, and the 
 leaves they ate to prevent surfeits and other diseases 
 that are incident to those that heat their blood by travels. 
 
THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 1 1 3 
 
 On either side of the river was also a meadow, curious- 
 ly beautified with lilies, and it was green all the year 
 long. In this meadow they lay down and slept ; for here 
 they might lie down safely. When they awoke, they 
 gathered again of the fruit of the trees, and drank again 
 of the water of the river, and then lay down again to 
 sleep. Thus they did several days and nights and 
 when they were disposed to go on, for they were not, 
 as yet, at their journey's end, they ate and drank, and 
 departed. 
 
 Now, I beheld in my dream, that they had not jour- 
 neyed far, but the river and the way for a time parted ; 
 at which they were not a little sorry ; yet they durst not 
 go out of the way. Now the way from the river was 
 rough, and their feet tender, by reason of their travels. 
 Still as they went on, they wished for a better way. 
 Now, a little before them, there was on the left hand 
 of the road a meadow, and a stile to go over into it; and 
 that meadow is called By-path Meadow. Then said 
 Christian, this meadow lieth along by our wayside, let 
 us go over into it. Then he went to the stile to see, 
 and behold, a path lay along by the way, on the other 
 side of the fence. It is according to my wish, said 
 Christian. Here is the easiest going; come, good Hope- 
 ful, and let us go over. 
 
 Hopeful. But how if this path should lead us out of 
 the way ? 
 
 Christian. That is not likely. Look, doth it not go 
 along by the wayside ? So, Hopeful, being persuaded, 
 went after him over the stile. When they were gone 
 over, and were got into the path, they found it very 
 easy for their feet; and they espied a man walking as 
 they did, and his name was Vain-confidence; so they 
 palled after him, and asked him whither that way led. 
 
ii4 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 He said, To the Celestial Gate. Look, said Christian, 
 did not I tell yon so ? By this yon may see we are right. 
 So they followed, and he went before them. But, 
 behold, the night came on, and it grew very dark; so 
 that they that were behind lost the sight of him that went 
 before. 
 
 He, therefore, that went before (Vain-confidence) not 
 seeing the way before him, fell into a deep pit, which 
 was on purpose there made by the Prince of those 
 grounds, to cath vain-glorious fools withal, and was 
 dashed in pieces with his fall. 
 
 Xow Christian and his fellow heard him fall. So 
 they called to know the matter, but there was none 
 to answer, only they heard a groaning. Then said 
 Hopeful, Where are we now ? Then was his fellow T 
 silent, as mistrusting that he had led him out of the 
 way; and now it began to rain, and thunder, and 
 lighten in a very dreadful manner ; and the water rose 
 amain. 
 
 Then Hopeful groaned, Oh, that I had kept on my 
 way ! 
 
 Christian. Who could have thought that this path 
 should have led us out of the way ? 
 
 Hopeful. I was afraid on it at the yery first, and 
 therefore gave you that gentle caution. I would have 
 spoken plainer, but that you are older than I. 
 
 Christian. Good brother, be not offended; I am 
 sorry I have brought thee out of the way, and that I 
 have put thee into such imminent danger; pray, my 
 brother, forgive me; I did not do it of an evil intent. 
 
 Hopeful. Be comforted, my brother, for I forgive 
 thee, and I believe, too, that this shall be for our 
 good. 
 
 Christian. I am glad I have with me a merciful 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 "5 
 
 brother; but we must not stand thus: let us try to go 
 back again. 
 
 Hopeful. But, good brother, let me go before. 
 
 Christian. No, if you 
 please, let me go first, that 
 if there be any danger, I 
 may be first therein, because 
 by my means we are both 
 gone out of the way. 
 
 Hopeful. No, you shall 
 not go first; for your mind 
 being troubled may lead you 
 out of the way again. But 
 by this time the waters 
 
 were greatly risen, by rea- 
 son of which the way back 
 was very dangerous. Yet 
 they adventured to go back, 
 but it was dark, and the 
 flood was so high, that in 
 their going back they had 
 like to have been drowned 
 nine or ten times. 
 
 Neither could they, with 
 all the skill they had, get 
 again to the stile that night. 
 Wherefore, at last, light- 
 ing under a little shelter, 
 they sat down there until 
 the day-break; but, being 
 weary, they fell alseep. Not 
 far from the place where they lay, was Doubting Cas- 
 tle, the owner whereof was Giant Despair; and it was 
 in his grounds they now were sleeping; wherefore he, 
 
 ^.^ 
 
 VAIN- CONFIDENCE. 
 
1 1 6 THE PIL GRIM' S PRO GRESS. 
 
 getting up in the morning early, and walking up 
 and down in his fields, caught Christian and Hope- 
 ful asleep in his grounds. Then, with a grim and surly 
 voice, he bid them awake; and asked them whence they 
 were, and what they did in his grounds. They told 
 him they were pilgrims, and that they had lost their 
 way. Then, said the Giant, You have this night tres- 
 passed on me, by trampling in, and lying on my 
 grounds, and therefore you must go along with me. 
 They also had but little to say, for they knew themselves 
 in a fault. The Giant therefore, drove them before him, 
 and put them into a very dark dungeon, nasty and 
 stinking to the spirits of these two men. Here, then, 
 they lay from Wednesday morning till Saturday night, 
 without one bit of bread, or drop of drink, or light ; 
 they were, therefore, here in evil case, and were 
 far from friends and acquaintance. Now in this place 
 Christian had double sorrow, because it was through 
 his unadvised counsel that they were brought into this 
 distress. 
 
 Now, Giant Despair had a wife, and her name was 
 Diffidence. So when he was gone to bed, he told his 
 wife that he had taken a couple of prisoners and cast 
 them into his dungeon, for trespassing on his grounds, 
 he asked her also what he had best to do further to 
 them. So she asked him what they were, whence they 
 came, and whither they were bound; and he told her. 
 Then she counselled him that when he arose, in the 
 morning he should beat them without any mercy. So, 
 when he arose, he getteth him a grievous crab-tree 
 cudgel, and goes down into the dungeon to them, and 
 there first falls to rating of them as if they were dogs, 
 although they never gave him a word of distaste. Then 
 he falls upon them, and beats them fearfully, in such 
 
THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS, 1 1 7 
 
 sort, that they were not able to help themselves, or to 
 turn them upon the floor. This done, he withdraws 
 and leaves them, there to condole their misery and to 
 mourn under their distress. So all that day they spent 
 the time in nothing but sighs and lamentations. The 
 next night, she, talking with her husband about them 
 further, and understanding they were yet alive, did 
 advice him to counsel them to make away with them- 
 selves. So when morning was come, he goes to them 
 in a surly manner as before, and perceiving them to be 
 very sore with the stripes that he had given them the 
 day before, he told them, that since they were never 
 likely to come out of that place, their only way would 
 be forthwith to make an end of themselves, either with 
 knife, halter, or poison, for why, said he, should you 
 choose life, seeing it is attended with so much bitter- 
 ness ? But they desired him to let them go. With 
 that he looked ugly upon them, and rushing to them, 
 had doubtless made an end of them himself, but that 
 he fell into a fit. Then did the prisoners consult be- 
 tween themselves, whether it was the best to take his 
 counsel or no; and thus they began to discourse: 
 
 Christian. Brother, what shall we do ? The life 
 that we now live is miserable. For my part I know 
 not whether it is best, to live thus, or to die out of hand. 
 Shall we be ruled by the Giant ? 
 
 Hopeful. Indeed, our present condition is dreadful, 
 and death would be far more welcome to me than thus 
 for ever to abide; but yet, let us consider, the Lord of 
 the country to which we are going hath said, Thou 
 shalt do no murder. Besides, he that kills another can 
 but commit murder upon his body; but for one to kill 
 himself is to kill body and soul at once. 
 
 Well, towards evening, the Giant goes down into the 
 
1 1 8 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 dungeon again, to see if his prisoners had taken his 
 counsel; but when he came there he found them alive; 
 and truly, alive was all; for now, what for want of 
 bread and water, and by reason of the wounds they 
 received when he beat them, they could do little but 
 breathe. 
 
 At this they trembled greatly, and I think that 
 Christian fell into a swoon; but, coming a little to him- 
 self again, they renewed their discourse about the 
 Giant's counsel; and whether yet they had best to take 
 it or no. 
 
 Hopeful. My brother, said he, rememberest thou 
 not how valiant thou hast been heretofore ? Apollyon 
 could not crush thee, nor could all that thou didst hear, 
 or see, or feel in the Vallev of the Shadow of Death. 
 Wherefore let us bear up with patience as well as we 
 can. 
 
 Now, night being come again, and the Giant and his 
 wife being in bed, she asked him concerning the pris- 
 oners, and if they had taken his counsel. To which he 
 replied, They are sturdy rogues, and choose rather to 
 bear all hardships, than to make away with themselves. 
 Then said she, Take them into the castle yard to-mor- 
 row, and show them the bones and skulls of those that 
 thou hast already despatched, and make them believe, 
 ere a week comes to an end, thou also will tear them in 
 pieces, as thou hast done their fellows before them. So 
 when the morning was come, the Giant goes to them 
 again, and takes them into the castle-yard. These, 
 said he, were once pilgrims as you are, and they tress- 
 passed in my grounds, as you have done; and when I 
 thought fit, I tore them in pieces, and so I will do you. 
 Go, get you down to your den again; and with that he 
 beat them all the way thither. They lay, therefore, all 
 
so THEY CONTINUED TOGETHER IN THE DARK THAT DAY, IN THEIR SAP 
 AM) DOLEFUL CONDITION. I • l,) ] 
 
1 20 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 day on Saturday in a lamentable case, as before. Now, 
 when night was come, and when Mrs. Diffidence and 
 her husband, the Giant, were got to bed, they began to 
 renew their discourse of their prisoners ; and withal the 
 old Giant wondered, that he could neither by blows nor 
 counsel bring them to an end. And with that his wife 
 replied, I fear, said she, that they live in hope that 
 some will come to relieve them, or that they have pick- 
 locks about them, by the means of which they hope to 
 escape. And sayest thou so, my dear? said the Giant; 
 I will, therefore, search them in the morning. 
 
 Well, on Saturday, about mid-night, they began to 
 pray, and continued in prayer till almost break of day. 
 Now, a little before it was day, good Christian, as one 
 half amazed, brake out in this passionate speech: What 
 a fool, quoth he, am I, thus to lie in a stinking dun- 
 geon, when I may as well walk at liberty ! I have a 
 key in my bosom, called Promise, that will, I am per- 
 suaded, open any lock in Doubting Castle. Then said 
 Hopeful, That is good news, good brother; pluck it 
 out of thy bosom, and try. 
 
 Then Christian pulled it out of his bosom and began 
 to try at the dungeon door, whose bolt gave back, and 
 the door flew open with ease, and Christian and Hope- 
 ful both came out. Then he went to the outward door 
 that leads into the castle-yard, and, with his key, 
 opened that door also. After, he went to the iron-gate, 
 for that must be opened too; but that lock went dam- 
 nable hard, yet the key did open it. Then they thrust 
 open the gate to make their escape with speed, but that 
 gate, as it opened, made such a cracking, that it waked 
 Giant Despair, who, hastily rising to pursue his prison- 
 ers, felt his limbs to fail, for his fits took him again, so 
 that he could by no means go after them. Then they 
 
THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 1 2 1 
 
 went on, and came to the King's highway, and so were 
 safe, because they were out of his jurisdiction. 
 
 Now, when they were gone over the stile, they began 
 to contrive with themselves what they should do at 
 that stile, to prevent those that should come after, from 
 falling into the hands of Giant Despair. So they con- 
 sented to erect there a pillar, and to engrave upon the 
 side thereof this sentence — "Over this stile is the way 
 to Doubting Castle, which is kept by Giant Despair, 
 who despiseth the King of the Celestial Country, and 
 seeks to destroy his holy Pilgrims." Many, therefore, 
 that followed after, read what was written, and es- 
 caped the danger. 
 
 They went then till they came to trie Delectable 
 Mountains, which belong to the Lord of that hill of 
 which we have spoken before; so they went up to 
 behold the gardens and orchards, the vineyards and 
 fountains, where also they drank and washed them- 
 selves, and did freely eat of the vineyards. Now there 
 were on the tops of these mountains shepherds feeding 
 their flocks. The Pilprims, therefore, went to them, 
 and, leaning upon their staves, they asked, Whose 
 Delectable Mountains are these ? and whose be the 
 sheep that feed upon them ? 
 
 Shepherds. These mountains are Immanuel's Land, 
 and they are within sight of his city; and the sheep 
 also are his, and he laid down his life for them. 
 
 Christian. Is this the way to the Celestial City ? 
 
 Shepherds. Your are just in your way. 
 
 Christian. How far is it thither ? 
 
 Shepherds. Too far for any but those that shall get 
 thither indeed. 
 
 Christian. Is there, in this place, any relief for 
 pilgrims that are weary and faint in the way ? 
 
1 2 2 THE PIT GRIM* S PROGRESS. 
 
 Shepherds. The Lord of these mountains hath 
 given us a charge not to be "forgetful to entertain 
 strangers," therefore the good of the place is before 
 you. 
 
 I saw also in my dream, that when the Shepherds 
 perceived that they were wayfaring men, also put 
 questions to them. When the Shepherds heard their 
 answers, being pleased therewith, they looked very 
 lovingly upon them. 
 
 The Shepherds, whose names were Knowledge, 
 Experience, Watchful, and Sincere, then welcomed the 
 pilgrims to the Delectable Mountains, took them by the 
 hand, and had them to their tents, and made them par- 
 take of that which was ready. 
 
 Then I saw in my dream, that in the morning the 
 Shepherds called up Christian and Hopeful to walk 
 with them upon the mountains and show them some 
 wonders. They first took them to the top of a hill 
 called Error, which was very deep on the furthest side, 
 and bid them look down to the bottom. So Christian 
 and Hopeful looked down, and saw at the bottom 
 several men dashed all to pieces. These you see, said 
 the Shepherds, erred concerning the faith of the resur- 
 rection of the body and they have continued to this day 
 unburied, as an example to others to take heed how 
 they clambor too high or too near the brink of this 
 mountain. 
 
 Then I saw that they had them to the top of another 
 mountain, and the name of that is Caution, where they 
 perceived, as they thought, several men walking up and 
 down among the tombs that were there; and they saw 
 that the men were blind, because they stumbled some- 
 times upon the tombs, and could not get out from 
 among them. 
 
THE PIL GRIM' S PRO GRESS. i 2 3 
 
 Then I saw in my dream, that the Shepherds had 
 them to another place, in a bottom, where was a door 
 in the side of a hill, and they opened the door. 
 Within it was very dark and smoky, and they heard 
 rumbling noise as of fire, and a cry of some tormented, 
 and they smelt the scent of brimstone. The Shepherds 
 told them, This is a byway to hell, a way that hypo- 
 crites go in at; namely, such as sell their birthright, 
 with Esau; such as sell their master, with Judas; such 
 as blaspheme the gospel, with Alexander; and that lie 
 and dissemble, with Ananias and Sapphira his wife. 
 Then said the pilgrims one to another, We have need 
 to cry to the Strong for strength. 
 
 By this time the pilgrims had a desire to go forward, 
 and the Shepherds a desire they should; so they walked 
 together towards the end of the mountains. Then said 
 the Shepherds one to another, Let us here show to the 
 pilgrims the gates of the Celestial City, if they have 
 skill to look through our perspective glass. They 
 looked and thought they saw something like the gate, 
 and also of the glory of the place. 
 
 When they were about to depart, one of the Shep- 
 herds gave them a note of the way. Another of them 
 bid them beware of the Flatterer. The third bid them 
 take heed that they sleep not upon the Enchanted 
 Ground. And the fourth bid them God-speed. So I 
 awoke from my dream. 
 
 And I slept, and dreamed again, and saw the same 
 two pilgrims going down the mountains along the high- 
 way towards the city. Now, a little below these moun- 
 tains, on the left hand, lieth the country of Conceit; 
 from which country there comes into the way in which 
 the pilgrims walked, a little crooked lane. Here, there- 
 fore, they met with a very brisk lad, that came out of 
 
1 2 4 THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 
 
 that country; and his name was Ignorance. So Chris- 
 tian asked him from what parts he came, and whither 
 he was going - . 
 
 Ignorance. Sir, I was born in the country thatlieth 
 off there a little on the left hand, and I am going to the 
 Celestial City. 
 
 Christian. But how do you think to get in at the 
 gate ? for you may find some difficulty there. 
 
 Ignorance. I know my Lord's will, and I have been 
 a good liver; I pay every man his own; I pray, fast, 
 pay tithes, and give alms, and have left my country for 
 whither I am going. 
 
 Christian. But thou earnest not in at the wicket- 
 gate that is at the head of this way; thou earnest in 
 hither through that same crooked lane, and therefore, I 
 fear, however thou mayest think of thyself, when the 
 reckoning day shall come, thou wilt have laid to thy 
 charge that thou art a thief and a robber, instead of 
 getting admittance into the city. 
 
 Ignorance. Gentlemen, ye be utter strangers to me, 
 I know you not; be content to follow the religion of 
 your country, and I will follow the religion of mine. I 
 hope all will be well. And as for the gate that you talk 
 of, all the world knows that that is a great way off of 
 our country. I cannot think that any man in all our 
 parts, doth so much as know the way to it, nor need 
 they matter whether they do or no, since we have, as 
 you see, a fine, pleasant green lane, that comes down 
 from our country, into the way. 
 
 When Christian saw that the man was "wise in his 
 own conceit," he said to Hopeful, .whisperingly, 
 "There is more hope of a fool than of him/' Let us 
 pass him by, if you will, and talk to him anon, even as 
 he is able to bear it. 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 I2 5 
 
 So they both went on, and Ignorance he came after. 
 Now when they had passed him a little way, they 
 entered into a very dark lane, where they met a man 
 whom seven devils had bound with seven strong cords, 
 and were carrying of 
 him back to the door 
 that they saw on the 
 side of the hill. As the 
 devils led away the man, 
 Christian looked to see 
 if he knew him; and he 
 thought it might be one 
 Turn-away, that dwelt 
 in the town of Apostasy. 
 But being once past, 
 Hopeful looked after 
 him, and espied on his 
 back a paper with this 
 inscription, "Wanton 
 professor and damnable 
 apostate. " 
 
 Now I call to remem- 
 brance, said Christian, 
 in this same place a 
 good man named Little 
 Faith who, while on a 
 pilgrimage, as we are 
 now, chanced to sit 
 down and slept. Now 
 
 there came down the lane, from Broadway Gate, three 
 sturdy rogues, and their names were Faint-heart, Mis- 
 trust, and Guilt. The good man was just awake from 
 his sleep, and was getting up to go on his journey. So 
 the three rogues with threatening language bid him 
 
 IGNORANCE. 
 
1 26 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 stand. Then said Faint-heart, Deliver thy purse. But 
 he making no haste to do it, Mistrust ran up to him, 
 and thrusting his hand into his pocket, pulled out 
 thence a bag of silver. Then he cried out, Thieves ! 
 Thieves ! With that Guilt, with a great club that was 
 in his hand, struck Little-faith on the head, and with 
 that blow felled him flat to the ground, where he lay 
 bleeding as one that would bleed to death. But, at 
 last, they hearing that some were upon the road, and 
 fearing lest it should be one Great-grace, that dwells 
 in the city of Good-confidence, they betook themselves 
 to their heels, and left this good man to shift for him- 
 self. 
 
 Xow, after a while, they perceived afar off, one com- 
 ing softly, and alone, all along the highway to meet 
 them. Yonder, said Christian, is a man with his back 
 towards Zion, and he is coming to meet us. So he drew 
 nearer and nearer, and at last came up unto them. 
 His name was Atheist, and he asked them whither they 
 were going. 
 
 Christian. We are going to Mount Zion. 
 
 Then Atheist fell into a very great laughter. 
 
 Christian. What is the meaning of your laughter ? 
 
 Atheist. I laugh to see what ignorant persons 
 you are, to take upon you so tedious a journey, and 
 you are like to have nothing but your travel for your 
 pains. 
 
 Christian. Why, man, do you think we shall not be 
 received ? 
 
 Atheist. Received! There is no such place as you 
 dream of in all this world. 
 
 Christian. But there is in the world to come. 
 
 Atheist. When I was at home in mine own country, 
 I heard as you now affirm, and from that hearing went 
 
THEN ATHEIST FELL INTO A VERY GREAT LAUGHTER 
 
128 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 out to see, and have been seeking this city this twenty- 
 years; but find no more of it than I did the first day I 
 set out. 
 
 Christian. We have both heard and believe that 
 there is such a place to be found. 
 
 Atheist. Had not I, when at home, believed, I had 
 not come thus far to seek; but finding none, I am go- 
 ing back again, and will seek to refresh myself with the 
 things that I then cast away, for hope of that which, I 
 now see is not. 
 
 Christian then said to Hopeful, Is it true which this 
 man hath said ? 
 
 Hopeful. Take heed, he is one of the flatterers; 
 remember what it hath cost us already for hearkening 
 to such fellows. What! no Mount Zion ? Did we not 
 see, from the Delectable Mountains, the gate of the city? 
 Also, are we not now to walk by faith ? Let us go on, 
 said Hopeful, lest the man with the whip overtake us 
 again. 
 
 Christian. My brother, I did not put the question 
 to thee for that I doubted of the truth of our belief my- 
 self, but to prove thee, and to fetch from thee a fruit of 
 the honesty of thy heart. As for this man, I know that 
 he is blinded by the god of this w T orld. Let thee and I 
 go on, knowing that we have belief of the truth, " and 
 no lie is of the truth." 
 
 Hopeful. Now do I rejoice in hope of the glory of 
 God. So they turned away from the man; and he, 
 laughing at them, went his way. 
 
 I saw then in my dream, that they went until they 
 came into a certain country whose air naturally tended 
 to make one drowsy, if he came a stranger into it. And 
 here Hopeful began to be very dull and heavy of sleep; 
 wherefore he said unto Christian, I do now begin to grow 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 129 
 
 so drowsy, that I can scarcely hold up mine eyes ; let us 
 lie down here and take one nap. 
 
 Christian. By no means, lest sleeping, we never 
 awake more. 
 
 Hopeful. Why, my brother ? Sleep is sweet to the 
 laboring man; we may be refreshed if we take a nap. 
 
 Christian. Do you not remember that one of the 
 Shepherds bid us beware of the Enchanted Ground ? 
 He meant by that, that we should beware of sleep- 
 ing. 
 
 Hopeful. I acknowledge myself in a fault; and had 
 I been here alone, I had by sleeping run the danger of 
 death. 
 
 I saw then in my dream that Hopeful looked back 
 and saw Ignorance, whom they had left behind, coming 
 after. Look, said he to Christian, how far yonder 
 youngster loitereth behind, let us tarry for him. So 
 they did. 
 
 Christian then said to him, Come away, man; why 
 do you stay so behind ? 
 
 Ignorance. I take my pleasure in walking alone, 
 even more a great deal than in company, unless I like 
 it the better. 
 
 Christian. Come, how do you ? How stands it be- 
 tween God and your soul now ? 
 
 Ignorance. I hope well; for I am always full of 
 good motions, that come into my mind, to comfort me 
 as I walk. 
 
 Christian. What good motions ? 
 
 Ignorance. Why, I think of God and heaven. 
 
 Christian. So do the devils and damned souls. 
 
 Ignorance. But I think of them and desire them. 
 
 Christian. So do many that are never like to come 
 there. 
 
 5 
 
130 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 Ignorance. But I think of them, and leave all for 
 them. 
 
 Christian. That I doubt; for leaving all is a hard 
 matter: yea, a harder matter than many are aware of. 
 But why, or by what, art thou persuaded that thou hast 
 left all for God and heaven ? 
 
 Ignorance. My heart tells me so. 
 
 Christian. The wise man says, "He that trusts his 
 own heart is a fool. " 
 
 Ignorance. This is spoken of an evil heart, but 
 mine is a good one. 
 
 Christian. But how dost thou prove that ? 
 
 Ignorance. It comforts me in hopes of heaven. 
 
 Christian. What dost thou believe ? 
 
 Ignorance. I believe that Christ died for sinners; 
 and that I shall be justified before God from the curse, 
 through his gracious acceptance of my obedience to his 
 law. 
 
 Christian. Let me give an answer to this confession 
 of thy faith. 
 
 i. Thou believest with a fantastical faith; for this 
 faith is nowhere described in the Word. 2. Thou 
 believest with a false faith; because it taketh justifica- 
 tion from the personal righteousness of Christ, and 
 applies it to thy own. 3. This faith maketh not Christ 
 a justifier of thy person, but of thy actions; and of thy 
 person for thy actions' sake, which is false. 4. There- 
 fore, this faith is deceitful, even such as will leave thee 
 under wrath, in the day of God Almighty. 
 
 Ignorance. What ! would you have us trust to 
 what Christ, in his own person, has done without us ? 
 This conceit would loosen the reins of our lust, and 
 tolerate us to live as we list; for what matter how we 
 
 
THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 1 3 1 
 
 live, if we may be justified by Christ's personal right- 
 eousness from all, when we believe it ? 
 
 Christian. Ignorance is thy name, and as thy name 
 is, so art thou; even this thy answer demonstrateth 
 
 I AM ALWAYS FULL OF GOOD MOTIONS. 
 
 what I say. Ignorant thou art of what justifying 
 righteousness is, and as ignorant how to secure thy 
 soul, through the faith of it, from the heavy wrath of 
 God. 
 
132 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 Hopeful. Ask him if ever he had Christ revealed to 
 him from heaven. 
 
 Ignorance. What ! you are a man for revelations ! 
 I believe that what both you say, is but the fruit of 
 distracted brains. 
 
 Hopeful. Why, man ! Christ is so hid in God from 
 the natural apprehensions of the flesh, that he cannot 
 by any man be savingly known, unless God the Father 
 reveals him to them. 
 
 Ignorance. That is your faith, but not mine; yet 
 mine, I doubt not, is as good as yours, though I have 
 not in my head so many whimsies as you. 
 
 Christian. You ought not so slightly to speak of 
 this matter; for this I will boldly affirm, that no man 
 can know Jesus Christ but by the revelation of the 
 Father, of which Faith, I perceive, poor Ignorance, 
 thou art ignorant of. Be awakened, then; see thine 
 own wretchedness, and fly to the Lord Jesus; and by his 
 righteousness, which is the righteousness of God, for 
 he himself is God, thou shalt be delivered from con- 
 demnation. 
 
 Ignorance. You go so fast, I cannot keep pace with 
 you. Do you go on before ; I must stay a while behind. 
 
 Christian. Well, good Hopeful, I perceive that 
 thou and I must walk by ourselves again. 
 
 So I saw in my dream that they went on apace be- 
 fore, and Ignorance he came hobbling after. 
 
 Christian then said, It pities me much for this poor 
 man ; it will certainly go ill with him at last. 
 
 Hopeful. Alas ! there are abundance in our town 
 in his condition; whole families, yea, whole streets, 
 and that of pilgrims, too; and if there be so many in 
 our parts, how many, think you, must there be in the 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 133 
 
 place where he was born ? Are we now almost got 
 past the Enchanted Ground ? 
 
 Christian. We have not now above two miles fur- 
 ther to go thereon. We will now leave, at this time 
 our neighbor Ignorance and fall upon another profit- 
 able question. 
 
 Hopeful. With all my heart, you shall begin. 
 
 Christian. About ten years ago, one Temporary 
 who was a forward man in religion, dwelt in Graceless, 
 a town about ten miles off Honesty, and his house was 
 next door to one Turnback. He told me once that he 
 was resolved to go on pilgrimage; but all of a sudden 
 he grew acquainted with one Save-self, and then he be- 
 came a stranger to me. 
 
 Hopeful. Now, since we are talking about him, let 
 us inquire into the reason of the sudden backsliding of 
 him and such others. There are in my judgment four 
 reasons for it : 1. Though the consciences of such men are 
 awakened, yet their minds are not changed; therefore 
 when the power of guilt wears away, that which pro- 
 voked them to be religious ceaseth, wherefore, they 
 naturally turn to their own course again. 2. They have 
 slavish fears that do overmaster them, though they seem 
 to be hot for heaven, so long as the names of hell are 
 about their ears, yet when that terror is a little over, 
 they betake themselves to second thoughts; and fall in 
 with the world again. 3. The shame that attends reli- 
 gion lies also as a block in their way; they are proud 
 and haughty, and religion in their eyes is low and con- 
 temptible. 4. Guilt, and to meditate terror, are griev- 
 ous to them. But because they shun the thoughts of 
 guilt and terror, when once they are rid of their awak- 
 ening about the terrors and wrath of God, they harden 
 
1 34 THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 
 
 their hearts gladly, and choose such ways as will harden 
 them more and more. 
 
 Christian. You are pretty near the business, for the 
 bottom of all is for want of a change in their mind and 
 will. 
 
 Hopeful. Xow I have showed you the reasons of 
 their going back, do you show me the manner thereof. 
 
 Christian. So I will willingly, i. They draw off 
 their thoughts, all that they may, from the remem- 
 brance of God, death, and judgment to come. 2. Then 
 they cast off by degrees private duties, as closet prayer, 
 curbing their lusts, watching, sorrow for sin, and the 
 like. 3. Then they shun the company of lively and 
 warm Christians. 4. After that they grow cold to pub- 
 lic duty, as hearing, reading, godly conference, and 
 the like. 5. Then they begin to pick holes, as we say, 
 in the coats of some of the godly; and that devilishly, 
 that they may have a seeming color to throw religion 
 behind their backs. 6. Ti.3n they begin to adhere to, 
 and associate themselves with, carnal, loose, and wanton 
 men. 7. Then they give way to carnal and wanton 
 discourses in secret. 8. After this they begin to play 
 with little sins openly. 9. And then, being hardened, 
 they show themselves as they are. Thus, being 
 launched again into the gulf of misery, unless a miracle 
 of grace prevent it, they everlastingly perish. 
 
 Xow I saw in my dream, that by this time the pil- 
 grims were got over the Enchanted Ground and enter- 
 ing into the country of Beulah, whose air was very 
 sweet and pleasant; the way lying directly through it, 
 they solaced themselves there for a season. Here they 
 heard continually the singing of birds, and saw every 
 day the flowers appear in the earth, and heard the voice 
 of the turtle in the land. In this country the sun 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 135 
 
 shineth night and day; wherefore this was beyond the 
 Valley of the Shadow of Death, and also out of the 
 reach of Giant Despair, neither could they from this 
 place so much as see Doubting Castle. Here they 
 were within sight of the city they were going to, also 
 here met them some of the inhabitants thereof, for in 
 this land the Shining Ones commonly walked, because 
 it was upon the borders of heaven. Here they had no 
 want of corn and wine; for in this place they met with 
 abundance of what they had sought for in all their 
 pilgrimage. Here all the inhabitants of the country 
 called them, "The holy people, The Redeemed of the 
 Lord, Sought out." 
 
 Now, as they walked ill this land, they had more 
 rejoicing than in parts more remote from the kingdom 
 to which they were bound ; and, drawing near to the 
 city, they had yet a more perfect view thereof. It was 
 builded of pearls and precious stones, also the street 
 thereof was paved with gold; so that by reason of the 
 natural glory of the city, and the reflection of the sun- 
 beams upon it, Christian with desire fell sick; Hopeful 
 also had a fit or two of the same disease. But, being 
 soon a little strengthened, and better able to bear their 
 sickness, they walked on, and came yet nearer and 
 nearer, where were orchards, vineyards, and gardens, 
 and their gates opened into the highway. Now, as 
 they came up to these places, behold the gardener 
 stood in the way, to whom the Pilgrims said, Whose 
 goodly vineyards and gardens are these ? He answered, 
 They are the king's, and are planted here for his own 
 delight, and also for the solace of pilgrims. So the gar- 
 dener had them in the vineyards, and bid them refresh 
 themselves with the dainties. He also showed them 
 
136 THE PILGRIMS PROGRESS. 
 
 there the King's walks, and the arbors where he de- 
 lighted to be; and here they tarried and slept. 
 
 Xow I beheld in my dream, that they talked more in 
 their sleep at this time than ever they did in all their 
 journey; and being in a muse thereabout, the gardener 
 said to me. Wherefore musest thou at the matter ? It is 
 the nature of the fruit of the grapes of these vineyards 
 to go down so sweetly as to cause the lips of them that 
 are asleep to speak. 
 
 So I saw that when they awoke, they addressed 
 themselves to go up to the city; but, as I said, the 
 reflection of the sun upon the city — for "the city was 
 pure gold " — was so extremely glorious, that they could 
 not, as yet, with open face behold it, but through an 
 instrument made for that purpose. So I saw, that as 
 they went on, there met them two men, in raiment 
 that shone like gold; also their faces shone as the light. 
 
 These men asked the Pilgrims whence they came; 
 and they told them. They also asked them where they 
 had lodged, what difficulties and dangers, what com- 
 forts and pleasures, they had met with in the way; and 
 they told them. Then said the men that met them. 
 You have but two difficulties more to meet with, and 
 then you are in the city. 
 
 Christian then, and his companion, asked the men to 
 
 along with them; so they told them they would. 
 
 But, said they, you must obtain it by your own faith. 
 
 So they went on together, until they came in sight of 
 
 the gate. 
 
 Xow, I further saw, that betwixt them and the gate 
 was a river, but there was no bridge to go over; the 
 river was very deep. At the sight, therefore, of this 
 river, the pilgrims were much stunned; but the men 
 
THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 1 3 7 
 
 that went with them said, You must go through, or you 
 cannot come at the gate. 
 
 The pilgrims then began to inquire if there was no 
 other way to the gate; to which they answered, Yes; 
 but there hath not any, save two, to wit, Enoch and 
 Elijah, been permitted to tread that path, since the 
 foundation of the world, nor shall, until the last trum- 
 pet shall sound. The pilgrims then, especially Chris- 
 tian, began to despond in their minds, and looked this 
 way and that, but no way could be found by them, by 
 which they might escape the river. Then they asked 
 the men if the waters were all of a depth. They said, 
 No; yet they could not help them in that case; for, 
 said they, you shall find it deeper or shallower as you 
 believe in the King of the place. 
 
 Then they addressed themselves to the water; and 
 entering, Christian began to sink, and crying out to his 
 good friend Hopeful, he said, I sink in deep waters; 
 the billows go over my head, all his waves go over me ! 
 
 Then said the other, Be of good cheer, my brother, 
 I feel the bottom, and it is good. Then said Christian, 
 Ah ! my friend, "the sorrows of death have compassed 
 me about ;" I shall not see the land that flows with 
 milk and honey; and with that a great darkness and 
 horror fell upon Christian, so that he could not see 
 before him. Also he in great measure lost his senses, 
 so that he could neither remember, nor orderly talk of 
 any of those sweet refreshments that he had met with 
 in the way of his pilgrimage. But all the words that lie 
 spake still tended to discover that he had horror of 
 mind, and heart fears that he should die in that river, 
 and never obtain entrance in at the gate. Here also, 
 he was much in the troublesome thoughts of the sins 
 that he had committed, both since and before he began 
 
1 38 THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 
 
 to be a pilgrim. It was also observed that he was 
 troubled with apparitions of hobgoblins and evil spir- 
 its, for ever and anon he would intimate so much 
 by words. Hopeful, therefore, here had much ado to 
 keep his brother's head above water; yea, sometimes 
 he would be quite gone down, and then, he would rise 
 up again half dead. Hopeful would endeavor to com- 
 fort him, saying, Brother, I see the gate, and men 
 standing by to receive us; but Christian would answer, 
 It is you, it is you they wait for; you have been Hope- 
 ful ever since I knew you. And so have you, said he 
 to Christian. Ah, brother ! said Christian, surely if I 
 was right he would now rise to help me ; but for my 
 sins he hath brought me into the snare, and hath left 
 me. Then said Hopeful, My brother, you have quite 
 forgot the text where it is said of the wicked, " There 
 are no bands in their death, but their strength is firm. 
 They are not in trouble as other men, neither are they 
 plagued like other men." These troubles and dis- 
 tresses that you go through in these waters are no sign 
 that God hath forsaken you; but are sent to try 
 you, whether you will call to mind that which hereto- 
 fore you have received of his goodness, and live upon 
 him in your distresses. 
 
 Then I saw in my dream that Christian was in a muse 
 a while. To whom also Hopeful added this word, Be 
 of good cheer. Jesus Christ maketh thee whole; and 
 with that Christian brake out with a loud voice, Oh ! I 
 see him again, and he tells me, "When thou passest 
 through the waters, I will be with thee ; and through 
 the rivers, they shall not overflow thee." Then they 
 both took courage, and the enemy was after that as still 
 as a stone, until they were gone over. Christian there- 
 fore presently found ground to stand upon, and so it fol- 
 
CHRISTIAN URAKE 01 T 
 
 W ITU A l.olT) 
 
 1 M E lll.M 
 
1 40 THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 
 
 lowed that the rest of the river was but shallow. Thus 
 they got over. Now, upon the bank of the river, on the 
 other side, they saw the two shining men again, who 
 there waited for them ; wherefore, being come out of the 
 river, they saluted them, saying, We are ministering 
 spirits, sent forth to minister for those that shall be 
 heirs of salvation. Thus they went along towards the 
 gate. 
 
 Now you must note that the.city stood upon a mighty 
 hill, but the pilgrims went up that hill with ease, be- 
 cause they had these two men to lead them up by the 
 arms; also, they had left their mortal garments behind 
 them in the river, for though they went in with them, 
 they came out without them. They, therefore, went up 
 here with much agility and speed, though the founda- 
 tion upon which the city was framed was higher than 
 the clouds. They went up through the regions of the 
 air, sweetly talking as they w T ent, being comforted, be- 
 cause they safely got over the river, and had such glori- 
 ous companions to attend them. 
 
 The talk they had with the Shining Ones was about 
 the glory of the place; who told them that the beauty 
 and glory of it was inexpressible. There, said they, is 
 ki Mount Zion, the heavenly Jerusalem, the innumera- 
 ble company of angels, and the spirits of just men 
 made perfect." You are going now, said they, to the 
 Paradise of God, wherein you shall see the tree of life, 
 and eat of the never-fading fruits thereof ; and when you 
 come there, you shall have white robes given you, and 
 your walk and talk shall be every day with the King, 
 even all the days of eternity. There you shall not see 
 again such things as you saw when you were in the 
 lower region upon the earth, to wit, sorrow, sickness, 
 affliction, and death, " for the former things are passed 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 141 
 
 
 away." You are now going to Abraham, to Isaac, and 
 Jacob, and to the prophets — men that God hath taken 
 away from the evil to 
 come, and that are now 
 resting upon their beds, 
 each one walking in his 
 righteousness. The 
 man then asked, What 
 must w r e do in the holy 
 place ? To whom it 
 was answered, You 
 must there receive the 
 comforts of all your toil, 
 and have joy for all your 
 sorrow; you must reap 
 what you have sown, 
 even the fruit of all your 
 prayers, and tears, and 
 sufferings for the King 
 by the way. In that 
 place you must wear 
 crowns of gold, and en- 
 joy the perpetual sight 
 of the Holy One, for 
 " there you shall see 
 him as he is." There 
 also you shall serve him 
 continually with praise, 
 with shouting, and 
 thanksgiving, whom you 
 desired to serve in the 
 world, though with 
 
 much difficulty, because of the infirmity of your flesh. 
 There your eyes shall be delighted with seeing, and 
 
 THUS THEY GOT OVER. 
 
142 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRL 
 
 your ears with hearing the pleasant voice of the Mighty 
 One. There you shall enjoy your friends again, that 
 are gone thither before you ; and there you shall with 
 joy receive every one that follows into the holy place 
 r you. There also shall you be clothed with glory 
 and majesty, and put into an equipage fit to ride out 
 with the King of Glory. When he shall come with 
 nd of trumpet in the clouds, as upon the wings 
 of the wind, you shall come him; and when he 
 
 shall sit upon the throne of judgment, you shall sit by 
 him; yea, and when he shall pass sentence upon 
 all the workers of iniquity, let them be angels or 
 men, you also shall have a voice in that judgment, 
 because they were his and your enemies. Also, when 
 he shall again return to the city, ; a shall go too. with 
 sound of trumpet, and be ever with him. 
 
 N . while they were thus drawing towards the gate, 
 behold a com: : the heave: st came out to 
 
 meet them ; to whom it was said, by the other two 
 Shining Ones, These are the men that have loved our 
 Lord when they were in the world, and that have left 
 all for his holy name ; and he hath sent us to fetch them, 
 and we have brought them thus far on their desired jour- 
 ney, that they may go in and look their Redeemer in 
 the face with joy. Then the heavenly host gave a 
 great shout, saying, lk Blessed are they which are called 
 unto the marriage supper of the Lamb." There came 
 out also at this time to meet them several of the King's 
 trumpeters, clothed in white and shining raiment, who, 
 with melodious noises, and loud, made even the heavens 
 to echo with their sound. These trumpeters saluted 
 Christian and his fellow with ten thousand welcomes, 
 and this they did with shouting, and sound of trumpet. 
 
 This done, they compassed them round on every side; 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 143 
 
 some went before, some behind, and some on the right 
 hand, some on the left (as it were to guard them 
 through the tipper re- 
 gions), continually 
 sounding as they went, 
 in notes on high: so 
 that it was to them that 
 could behold it, as if 
 heaven itself was come 
 down to meet them. 
 Thus, they walked on 
 together; and as they 
 walked, ever and anon 
 these trumpeters, with 
 joyful sound, would, by 
 mixing their music with 
 looks and gestures, still 
 signify to Christian and 
 his brother how wel- 
 come they were into 
 their company, and with 
 what gladness they came 
 to meet them; and now 
 were these two men, as 
 it were, in heaven before 
 they came at it, being 
 swallowed up with the 
 sights of angels, and 
 with hearing of their 
 melodious notes. Here 
 also they had the city one of the king's trumpeters. 
 
 itself in view, and they 
 
 thought they heard all the bells therein to ring, to wel- 
 come them thereto. But above all, the warm and joy- 
 
144 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 fill thoughts that they had about their own dwelling- 
 there, with such company, and that forever and ever. 
 Oh, by what tongue or pen can their glorious joy be 
 expressed ! And thus they came up to the gate, over 
 which was written in letters of gold, "Blessed are they 
 that do his commandments, that they may have right 
 to the tree of life, and may enter m through the gates 
 into the city." 
 
 Then I saw in my dream that the Shining Men bid 
 them call at the gate; the which, when they did, some 
 looked from above over the gate, to wit, Enoch, Moses, 
 and Elijah, etc., to whom it was said, These pilgrims 
 are come from the City of Destruction, for the love that 
 thev bear to the King of this place; and then the pil- 
 grims gave in unto them each man his certificate, 
 which they had received in the beginning; those, 
 therefore, were carried in to the King, who, when he 
 had read them, said, where are the men ? To whom it 
 was answered, They are standing without the gate. 
 The King then commanded to open the gate, "That 
 the righteous nation," said he, "which keepeth the 
 truth may enter in." 
 
 Xow I saw in my dream that these two men went in 
 at the gate; and lo, as they entered, they were trans- 
 figured, and they had raiment put on that shone like 
 gold. There were also that met them with harps and 
 crowns, and gave them to them — the harps to praise 
 withal, and the crowns in token of honor. Then I heard 
 in my dream that all the bells in the city rang again for 
 joy, and that it was said unto them, "Enter ye into the 
 of YnfR Lord." I also heard the men themselves, 
 that they sang with a loud voice, saying, "Blessing, 
 
 AND HONOR, AND GLORY, AND LOWER. BE UNTO HIM THAT 
 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 145 
 
 SITTETH UPON THE THRONE, AND UNTO THE LAMB, FOR 
 EVER AND EVER." 
 
 Now, just as the gates were opened to let in the men, 
 I looked in after them, and, behold, the City shone like 
 the sun; the streets also were paved with gold, and in 
 them walked many men, with crowns on their heads, 
 palms in their hands, and golden harps to sing praises 
 withal. 
 
 There were also of them that had wings, and they 
 answered one another without intermission, saying, 
 " Holy, holy, holy is the Lord/' And after that they 
 shut up the gates ; which, when I had seen, I wished 
 myself among them. 
 
 Now while I was gazing upon all these things, I 
 turned my head to look back, and saw Ignorance come 
 up to the river side ; but he soon got over, and that with- 
 out half the difficulty which the other two men met with. 
 For it happened that there was then in that place one 
 Vain-hope, a ferryman, that with his boat helped him 
 over; so he, as the other I saw, did ascend the hill, to 
 come up to the gate, only he came alone; neither did 
 any man meet him with the least encouragement. When 
 he was come up to the gate, he looked up to the writ- 
 ing that was above, and then began to knock, suppos- 
 ing that entrance should have been quickly administered 
 to him; but he was asked by the men that looked over 
 the top of the gate, Whence came you ? and what would 
 you have ? He answered, I have eat and drank in the 
 presence of the King, and he has taught in our streets. 
 Then they asked him for his certificate, that they might 
 go in and show it to the King; so he fumbled in his 
 bosom for one, and found none. Then they said, Have 
 you none ? But the man answered never a word. So 
 they told the King, but he would not come down to sec 
 
 5* 
 
146 
 
 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 him, but commanded the two Shining- Ones that con- 
 ducted Christian and Hopeful to the City, to go out and 
 take Ignorance, and bind him hand and foot, and have 
 him away. Then they took him up, and carried him, 
 through the air, to the door that I saw in the side of the 
 hill, and put him in there. Then I saw that there was 
 a way to hell, even from the gates of heaven, as well as 
 from the City of Destruction. 
 
 So I awoke, and behold it was a dream. 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 147 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 NOW, reader, I have told my dream to thee 
 See if thou canst interpret it to me, 
 Or to thyself or neighbor; but take heed 
 Of misinterpreting; for that, instead 
 Of doing good, will but thyself abuse : 
 By misinterpreting, evil ensues. 
 
 Take heed also that thou be not extreme 
 In playing with the outside of my dream ; 
 Nor let my figure or similitude 
 Put thee into a laughter or a feud. 
 Leave this for boys and fools; but as for thee, 
 Do thou the substance of my matter see. 
 
 Put by the curtains, look within my veil ; 
 Turn up my metaphors, and do not fail, 
 There, if thou seekest them, such things to find 
 As will be helpful to an honest mind. 
 
 What of my dross thou findest there, be bold 
 To throw away ; but yet preserve the gold. 
 What if my gold be wrapped up in ore ? — 
 None throws away the apple for the core. 
 But if thou shalt cast all away as vain, 
 I know not but 'twill make me dream again. 
 
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