i''Wi>'i il \ ]« '" ' lis *'!< 4 Wf P' !' I il I i)ir(l I r Nf^li :,'ri''7!],' llVi k^^\ll4 i' Ml 111 iiis lis III ' 'I ^^ ^ Set:- f fe!; a ,.jlM.fiS,.i!!!l,!j!l.i Book -C{C?4- < H (J H I— I Mayor Edward W. Quinn James T. Barrett, President of City Council CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 1846-1921 A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE INTERESTING EVENTS IN CONNECTION WITH THE CELEBRATION OF THE SEVENTY- FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE CITY OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS OCTOBER 9-11-12, 1921 CAMBRIDGE ^tinteb unber tfje birection of tfie Citp Council Committee 1922 Vt^ E. L. Grimes Company, Printers, Bostoa NOV 2 81922 jForetoorb Civic virtue is like a diamond with many facets, each contributing to the general effect of light and brilliancy. Wheye interest in the public welfare is laggard, where the co-operative spirit is but feebly expressed, a city is drifting into a state of decadence, dulling the edge of the high purpose of community life — which is progress. The anniversary of the seventy-fifth year of municipal existence found Cam- bridge ready, responsive and virile in sound com- munity interest. The people sensed the value of a celebration which purposed to arouse public thought on Cambridge, rich in the possession of a storied past, a thriving present and an auspicious future. The exercises herein recorded, which took place on Sunday, Tuesday and Wednesday, October 9th, 11th and 12th, 1921, were a series of great events in local history, significant milestones in the march of civic progress and sure to stand out as calendar days on the tablets of memory. ^rosram October Ninth SiDecial exercises in all the churches of the city. Public Meeting Cambridge Common at 3:00 P. M. His Honor Mayor Edward W. Quinn presiding Addresses by His Excellency Channing Cox, Gov- ernor of Massachusetts ; The Honorable Freder- ick W. Dallinger, Congressman from the 8th District; President James T. Barrett of the City Council. Invocation by Rev. Patrick H. Callanan, Pastor of St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church. Benediction by Rev. Raymond Calkins, D. D., Pastor of First Church in Cam- bridge (Congregational). Music by Common- wealth Band. October Eleventh Exercises in the schools. Addresses during the day on the significance of the celebration by the following persons: Warren F. Spalding, Agassis School Edmund J. Brandon, Ellis School Mrs. William F. Brooks, Fletcher School T. Harrison Cummings, Haggerty School Hon. Frederick W. Dallinger, Harvard School 9 10 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FI^^E YEARS A CITY Hon. John P. Brennan^ Houghton School Michael E. Fitzgerald, Kelley School Arthur A. Peyear, Morse School Rev. Raymond Calkins, Peabody School Ex-Mayor Walter C. Wardwell, Putnam School Ernest J. Dennen, Roberts School George Saunders, Russell School Edward A. Sullivan, Thorndike School George L. Dow, Webster School Henry J. Mahoney, Wellington School John W. Wood, Rindge Technical School Prof. Henry W. Holmes ) tt- 7 j r ^- 07 7 Hon. F. W. Dai.lingeb \ ^'^^ """^ ^«''" ^'^'""^ Grand Ball at the Armory Concert by the Letter Carriers' Band. Grand March at 9 o'clock. Dancing until 12 o'clock. The public invited. Pageant at Sanders Theatre At 8 P. M. Under the direction of T. Harrison Cummings October Twelfth Grand Parade at 10:30 A. M. Address by Vice-President Calvin Coolidge at Tech- nology at 3 P. M. Banquet at Riverbank Court at 3 :30 P. M. Senior and Junior Road Race start in front of City Hall at 3:30 P.M. CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 11 Band Concerts at Central Square, Cambridge Field, Rindge Field, 3:30 P. M.; Inman Square at 7.30 P. M. Reception at City Hall, 7:30 P. M. Illumination City Hall flood-lighted for three days before and three days after celebration. trfje Celebration Sunday^ October 9, 1921 Americans, more perhaps than any other people, are prone to celebrate at timely intervals the progress of the many communities that throb with teeming life in this great nation of ours. There is a noble purpose in this because it stimulates the people to think about their duties as citizens, and thinking, as has been well said, is the very cornerstone of democracy. Where, as in the instance of Cambridge, a storied past lends both point and glamor to the purpose, such a celebra- tion is most significant as a milestone in the upward journey towards the highest promise of American life. The seventy-fifth birth period of Cambridge as a city was observed in a manner most fitting on the days of October 9th, 11th and 12th, 1921. The sug- gestion that the third-quarter century mark should be celebrated, as a measure of public education (with more than a passing glance at the vital duty of the community to educate in no condescending spirit but in friendly democratic fashion our large alien popula- tion), was made by the Cambridge Sentinel and the hint was taken with characteristic vigor by President James T. Barrett of the City Council and an order was presented in that body on January 18, 1921, couched in the following language : 12 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 13 City of Cambridge, In City Council, January 18, 1921. Whereas : By an Act of the Great and General Court of Massachusetts, with the approval of the Governor, the Town of Cambridge was incorporated as a City on March 17, 1846, and will therefore pass its seventy- fifth year of existence as a City on March 17, 1921, be it therefore Ordered : That a Committee, consisting of tl;e entire mem- bership of this City Council, with His Honor the Mayor, be and hereby is appointed to make the neces- sary arrangements for a suitable observance, to the end that so important an event shall be properly celebrated. It was thought proper and especially advisable, in view of the interest it was hoped would be taken by the citizens of foreign birth, to make the event dis- tinctly one of government direction. The citizenry were asked to co-operate, for the honor of Cambridge, with the Mayor and City Council as the apex of the pyramid of patriotic effort. The response was splendid. All the people were aroused to join in making the demonstration worthy of the city and her place of glory in the American world. The act of incorporation of Cambridge as a city was passed by the legislature and later was signed by the Governor, March 17, 1846. Mayor Edward W. Quinn, having ih mind the uncertainty of weather conditions of a three days' celebration in 14 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY that blustering month, proposed Columbus Day, October 12th, as a date answerable to every purpose including economy in the matter of extra holidays. It was proposed to start the observance in the fine old traditional way of invoking Divine blessing by meetings held Sunday, October 9th, in all the churches in the city. The following communication was sent to every resident divine : Office of the Mayor, Cambridge, Mass. September 23, 1921. Reverend Dear Sir: The Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the Incorpora- tion of the City of Cambridge will take place on Oc- tober 12, 1921. The committee in charge of the celebration feel that this event would be auspiciously opened by holding services in the churches of the city on Sunday, October 9, 1921, and respectfully request your co-operation on this occasion. Yours, (Signed) Edward W. Quinn^ Mayor. Every pastor rose to the occasion and the people of every creed were admonished to take a deep interest in the demonstration because the expression of com- munity virtue was a recognition of the law of God. Of especial note in the Sabbath observance was the invocation delivered by Mayor Quinn at the Third Universalist Church, Porter Square, North Cambridge, where the Mayor, Professor Wilham Roscoe Thayer, and the pastor. Rev. Lucius R. Paige, made addresses. In introducing Mayor Quinn, Rev. Mr. Paige said: "As the first mayor of Cambridge was a minister, it was but appropriate that the Mayor should be pres- ent with us today. Each and all of us have a part in our city and we all should love our city." He then presented the Mayor who spoke as follows : "There is an inspiration to high thoughts in the very name of Cambridge. Of the myriad cities and towns that dot the expansive map of our great country, which has a nobler history, a finer tradition to stir emulation and to cherish renown? She shares with Boston, Philadelphia, New York, the signal honor of having had a glorious hand in the birth of that great- est of experiments in the upward struggle of human- ity — that which is embodied in Jefferson's words that all men in a social-political sense are created equal, and that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. "The flag that was to be the bloody symbol of this imperishable idea was first unfurled on yonder com- mon when Washington risked life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness — everything, but his sacred honor, to show a dogmatic, despotic and grossly ma- 15 16 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY- FIVE YEARS A CITY terial England that the new world could redress the balance of the old. "Although Englishmen saw it not, even when Burke the seer pointed it out to them in the glowing elo- quence that every Cambridge High School pupil knows, Magna Charta, the Puritan Revolution, the Revolution of 1688, were all at stake in the grim con- flict of 1776. "Our beloved city, then a staunch little village, clustering about Harvard College, was among the first in sympathy and never second when sacrifices were asked of the faithful. Townsmen fell before the red coat bullets at Lexington and Concord, and Cam- bridge blood reddened the summit of Bunker Hill, and every man fell with his face toward the invader. "In '61 the spirit of the fathers was nobly alive in Cambridge when Father Abraham called for volun- teers to preserve the structure that their wisdom, character and devotion to an ordered liberty had reared. The world knows and cherishes the story of the First Volunteers of Cambridge, Massachusetts. "In '98 the torch of altruism still burned high in Cambridge, and the wrongs of Cuba were redressed, with many a hand helping in the work. It might be construed as o'erweening pride to talk of Cambridge's share in the recent world conflict. All that need be said is that Cambridge men and women were found true to a splendid tradition. "Yet peace hath her victories no less than war, and the growth of Cambridge up to this significant year of the 75th anniversary of our city as a municipality, indicates that character is still a strong asset in our people. May we hope that when we pass the torch of progress along to the next generation the verdict 'weU done' will be extended to us as a measure of justice." CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 17 In presenting Professor Thayer, Mr. Paige said: "The principal product of Cambridge is culture, notwithstanding the great number of industries and manufactories that are located here. Our universities have established that fact, known not alone in our city but all over the world." Professor Thayer gave an excellent address show- ing the historical growth of the city. Rev. Mr. Paige, in closing, said : "The city will be just what the sum total of its citi- zens have made it. Citizenship is a vital part of religion. Officials need praise as well as blame. Let them know they have our moral support in all good matters. Citizenship means a great deal more than going to the polls on election day. It is an all the year round affair." The musical portion of the service consisted of se- lections by the Oakley Quartet, with Francis R. Hagar at the organ. Cxercigeg on Cambribge Common Sunday^ October 9, 1921 The spirit of Washington and the Minute-Men of '75 impinged upon the scene an element of historic grandeur as the good people of Cambridge gathered on Cambridge Common Sunday afternoon for the last observance of the day. The pathetic remnant of the once great oak under whose expanse of shade Washington took command of the American Army of freedom, towered in the background, an eloquent reminder of the mutability of all that is physical in nature, yet glowing as a symbol of the imperishable- ness of the things of the spirit. Great events had oc- curred on this hallowed spot, the bivouac of brave men, led by one of God's noblest characters, had made of this little pasturage one of America's shrines, and now Cambridge was to carry on the great tradition. The assemblage numbered about eight thousand, the presence of so many children, round-eyed with interest, indicated how clearly their parents sensed the significance of the occasion. The weather was of that cloudy rawness so peculiar to the uncertain glory of New England climate, nurse of hardy and liberty loving men and women. The speakers were Hon. Edward W. Quinn, Mayor of Cambridge, Chairman; His Excellency Channing Cox, Governor of Massachusetts; Honor- able Frederick W. Dallinger, Congressman from the 8th District ; James T. Barrett, President of the City Council and the Reverend Patrick H. Callanan, Pas- is CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 19 tor of St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church and Rever- end Raymond Calkins, Pastor of the Shepard Memorial Church. The Mayor requested Reverend Father Callanan to invoke the Divine blessing on Cambridge and the event. He said: "Our Father Who art in heaven ! In opening these exercises, commemorating the 75th year of the found- ing of this, our beloved city of Cambridge — we raise our hearts to You, the God of Nations — and we pour forth our gratitude, our joy and our hope to You. Our gratitude, because Thy Providence which hov- ered over the birth and the cradle daj'^s of our beloved city, has continued with us through the youth and manhood of our municipality — until today by the blessing of God our beloved city of Cambridge, pass- ing through the vicissitudes of three quarters of a cen- tury, stands out sturdy and strong with its thousands of citizens enjoying the blessings of freedom and reaping the fruits of democracy in a model govern- ment of the people, for the people and by the people. "Not only do we raise our hearts in gratitude for Thy protection through the passing years, but our hearts send forth to Thee sentiments of joy and glad- ness today. In this great cosmopolitan city of Cam- bridge all our citizens meet today in a true Brother- hood of Man and Fatherhood of God. Our citizenry is made up of men and women of many races and many climes — of many varying religious tenets — of many varying national characteristics — and yet, in the multiplicity of opinions and ideas and beliefs we are still one people, joyful and glad to be living today in peace and harmony — e pluribus unum — one dominant desire among all men, to live in peace with one another and to be proud of our birthright of 20 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FI\^ YEARS A CITY freedom under the stars and stripes. But there is more than gratitude and joy; our hearts are filled with hope today. Gratitude for the past — joy for the present, hope for the future. And we beg of Thee, Almighty God, that our hope may be well founded. "As Thou hast held Thy sheltering hand over us in the past seventy-five years so hold the shield of Thy Providence over our beloved city in the days and in the years to come. Crush the spirit of insubordination and anarchy that would dare raise its head in our community; implant in the hearts of all our citizens a spirit of peace to all men, a spirit of brotherly love, an honesty of purpose and a public and political con- science in the heart of every man and woman who wields the ballot to direct our governors and governed to take up their civic and political duties under Thy Divine laws, that they may be good men, true men, honest men, proud of their city, their nation and their flag. Help us, O Lord, to direct all our actions bj^ Thy holy inspiration, and enable us to carry them on by Thy gracious assistance that every word and work of ours may begin from Thee and by Thee be happily ended through Christ Our Lord. Amen." The Mayor followed with a brief introductory address, replete with a modest yet effective simplicity. He said: "How fortunate are we of Cambridge to be in a position to hold our civic celebrations on this spot hal- lowed by the glorious memories of that distant day when the dauntless men of America, with the im- mortal Washington at their head, threw down the gauntlet before the haughtiest empire of the eigh- teenth century. "Can we not in imagination picture these hardy, serious men gathered about their stern visaged leader, CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 21 himself about the only scientifically trained soldier among them, and listening to his diffident and halting words of welcome — for Washington was ever a doer rather than a talker. The steel in his nature struck responsive sparks in the metal of high quality resident in these fighting common men of a most uncommon breed, and the spirit that later was to create the United States of America, now the moral and mate- rial leader of the world, was organized on the spot where now we stand. "What a heritage is ours ! Almost to the year when Burns, the Scottish bard, wrote with glowing quill that *a man's a man for a'that,' Washington and the men of Cambridge were pledging their lives to defend the human proposition that 'all governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed.' Twin chapters in the golden book of democracy and liberty, may we ever prove by our conduct that we are true heirs to the vision and ideals of the spiritual heritage of our country as well as to its material blessings." Governor Cox followed the Mayor, asking indul- gence in his amiable way for keeping on his hat as a bulwark against the penetrating rigor of the season. His address was worthy of the man, his office and the occasion. He said : "I count it an unusual privilege to come here today and greet you in behalf of the Commonwealth. I am glad to come here and meet the citizens of Cambridge as they are about to begin their 75th anniversary celebration. I am glad to rejoice with you on the splendid record that has been written since the in- corporation of the city. I believe that there is still more in store for this great city, that there is still much more we may expect from this great com- munity. Let us pay tribute to those men who fell, 22 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY and felt it an honor to make that sacrifice, and thus contributed to the welfare of the Nation. "Seventy-five years is a long span of time and I glory with you in your seventy-five years of useful- ness, in your seventy-five years which have been well lived. I hope that in the strength of your purpose you may press forward to even better things in the future. This famous Washington Elm where Wash- ington took command of his troops should be an in- spiration to all of you. You have the oldest and greatest university in the country here in Cambridge. You may walk the streets where Lowell and Long- fellow trod. Men of science and noted inventors have come from Cambridge. My famous predecessor, the late William E. Russell, was a citizen of Cambridge. "The men of Cambridge have proudly borne their share in the country's wars in the past. In the days of the Revolution, in the days of '61, when the Union was threatened, they were the first to answer Lin- coln's call. In 1898, they answered with the strength and power of their youth. In the last great war, eight thousand young men went forth to do battle for their country. I rejoice with you in the great background that is yours. May I ask you to remember the hard- ships and the sacrifices made by the men who lived here and have gone before us. Remember the ob- stacles they overcame that this great city might en- dure. Remember these things when we hear today the wails of despair. Have we any right to complain when you consider what these men have done? Let us not join in these lamentations. May we see in the present a glorious opportunity. There is a fine opportunity for those who want to work and deserve it. Let us rejoice that we are living today in the greatest country in the world, that it is our lot to be living in the present day. Let us strive for a greater opportunity, for greater glory for old Cambridge." CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 23 Congressman Dallinger gave a brief and pithy his- torical resume of Cambridge from that hardy group of colonists that founded Newtowne in 1631, through the various crises of succeeding generations to the great city of today, as great in her ideals as in her material resources. He said : "Mr. Mayor and Fellow Citizens : Once when that great Cambridge poet, Oliver Wendell Holmes, was abroad, the sight of the Stars and Stripes inspired one of his beautiful poems entitled : 'Home,' the clos- ing verse of which comes to my mind on this occasion. 'And still in Memory's holiest shrine I read with pride and joy For me those stars of empire shine; That empire's dearest home is mine; I am a Cambridge boy!' "I count it a great privilege that upon this eventful occasion I, too, can say with the poet that this coun- try's dearest home is mine, and that I also am a Cam- bridge boy. For to every patriotic American throughout the length and breadth of the land, Cam- bridge is a sacred shrine and the spot on which we stand is holy ground. "No place in the whole country is so full of historic associations running back to the very beginning of the Republic. In the old meeting house formerly sit- uated on the eastern side of Harvard Square was held the fiifst provisional legislature which provided for the organization of the Minute Men and for the es- tablishment of the Committee of Safety. From the birthplace of Oliver Wendell Holmes, which formerly stood opposite the Harvard Law School, was issued the order for the fortifying of Bunker Hill and in front of it, now marked by an appropriate stone. 24 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY President Langdon of Harvard College offered prayer before the patriot troops started on their epoch-making march to Charlestown. On this his- toric common was the first organized camp of Ameri- can troops and beneath this historic Elm, Washing-' ton took command of the American army. Here also was raised the first flag with its thirteen stripes. What is now known as Cambridge Street was originally a military road constructed by General Washington, leading from Cambridge Common to East Cambridge, where at the corner of Otis and Fourth Streets was erected a battery which was nearest to the British troops in Boston and which did the most effective service in causing the evacuation of the city by the enemy. "The part which Cambridge played in the great struggle for independence is known to all men and is a vital part of the history of the United States. Yon- der beautiful flag staff, erected by the Daughters of the American Revolution, commemorates the sacri- fices and heroism of the men and women of the Revo- lution. Looking in the opposite direction on this same historic common, we see the statue commem- orating the heroes of the Civil War in which great struggle Cambridge had the distinction and honor of having sent the first company of volunteers to pre- serve the Union. In the last gi'eat war, in commem- oration of which no memorial has as yet been erected, Cambridge fully sustained the traditions of her glorious past and more than eight thousand of her sons were enlisted in the service of their country while the students and teachers of both Harvard and Technology rendered invaluable service to the Fed- eral Government in every field of activity. Again the sacred soil of Cambridge Common became a camp for the training of our country's defenders, and not only in the supplying of men, but also in every other CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 25 respect, Cambridge did its full share in that great struggle. "Two hundred and ninety-one years ago, the 28th of next December, a handful of men left the newly-estabhshed town of Boston, rowed up the Charles River and landed on the shght elevation now known as Harvard Square, and built a fortified town. "These early settlers were poor, hard-working farmers, and little did they dream of the famous city which was to be the result of their labors on that winter's day so many years ago. "Their purpose was a three-fold one. In the first place, the underlying and impelling motive of their lives was a religious one. Next to the stockade built for the purpose of defense against the Indians, was erected the church or meeting-house. Then came the school, and this was followed after a few years by the establishment of a college founded for the express purpose of preventing the danger of an illiterate ministry. Lastly, the early settlers were impelled by the same laudable purpose that actuates all settlers in a new country, viz. : the economic development of what was then an unbroken wilderness. "It is fitting that on this anniversary we should stop and take an account of stock in order to ascer- tain how far the successors of these early founders of Cambridge have carried on the work commenced so many generations ago. "Considering first the least important of these three phases of development we find that on the material side our city has grown rich and prosperous. From a handful of poor farmers it has become a city of over a hundred and ten thousand people, with a large and varied manufacturing industry. Cambridge to- day is one of the leading manufacturing cities of New England, and although surpassed by some of its sister cities in the value of its products and in the number 26 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY of its industrial workers — in the reputation of its products it is second to none. Quality rather than quantity has always been the watchword of Cam- bridge industry. "As is fitting for the oldest university city in the new world and the one in which was located the first printing press in the western hemisphere — over there on Dunster Street — the name of Cambridge as a book center has spread throughout the country and the world. The products of the University Press, the Riverside Press and Little & Brown's bindery are admittedly the last word in the art of bookmaking, while the school books of Ginn & Company go wher- ever the English language is spoken. "Closely akin to the art of printing is the manu- facture of musical instruments, and Mason and Hamlin's organs and pianos are known the world over. In a small establishment on Brookline Street lenses for the greatest telescopes have been ground. Here were first made Kennedy's crackers, the nucleus upon which has been built the reputation of the Na- tional Biscuit Company. Cambridge is famous everywhere as a place where the best soap is manu- factured and the names of Lever Brothers, John Rear- don & Son and Lysander Kemp are household words in thousands of American homes. Cambridge candy, Cambridge salted peanuts, Cambridge hams, are known the country over. The products of Blake & Knowles Steam Pump Works, Peter Gray and Sons' lantern factory; of Irving & Casson's and Doten and Dunton's furniture factories; of the American Rubber Company, and the Boston Woven Hose & Rubber Company, of the Reversible Collar Company, and of Hews' Pottery Company, are known everywhere for their superior quality. Truly it can be said that in the variety and superiority of its manufactures, Cambridge is second to no city in the hemisphere. CAMBEIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 27 "From the founding of Harvard College in 1636 down to the present time, Cambridge has been one of the educational and literary centers of the western hemisphere. What splendid use of the talents en- trusted to her by our pious ancestors is well attested by the present enviable position which she holds in the field of education and literature. From a weak, and struggling college has developed the famous university which has made the City of Cambridge known throughout the world. To its law school and to its graduate schools come men and women from every educational institution in the country and from all parts of the globe. Ai-ound the university have sprung up Radcliffe College and three theological seminaries — all famous in their several denomina- tions. Today, in addition to these famous schools of learning, we have in our midst the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with its wonderfully equipped plant — the largest and most famous en- gineering school in the civilized world. "Here in our city was established the first manual training school — the progenitor of hundreds and thousands of similar schools throughout the land. Our system of public education starting from small beginnings, has steadily developed with the progress of the times, and all our citizens are proud of its record and achievement. "In the domain of literature and science, Cam- bridge has steadily maintained its pre-eminence. Holmes, Longfellow and Lowell have set the stand- ards of American poetry; while Sparks, Fiske, Hig- ginson, Lowell, Channing, Hart and Thayer have en- riched the field of historical writings. Here lived and toiled the author of that immortal work, 'Storey's Commentaries on the Constitution,' and the law in all its branches has been enriched by the labors of Lang- dell, Parsons, Bishop, Gray, Ames, Thayer, Smith, 28 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY Wambaugh, Williston, Beale, Pound, Wilson and Warren. "In the field of science, Louis and Alexander Agassiz, Shaler, Davis, Pickering, Trowbridge, Hall, Goodale, Cook, Jackson and Mark and a host of others have rendered lasting service to mankind; while in the domain of economics and government, Dunbar, Taussig, Bullock, Carver, Sprague, Hart, Munroe and Holcombe are recognized authorities in their respective fields. "At the head of the great university in our midst, there has been a long line of illustrious men and the IDresident-emeritus, who is still with us, vigorous in mind and body, and the present president, are worthy successors of those who have gone before. Truly it can be said that in the fields of education, science and letters, Cambridge has maintained its proud pre- eminence. "As has already been pointed out the early settlers of Cambridge were deeply religious. To them reli- gion was the one important thing which overshadowed everything else. It was a rehgious motive that led to the founding of the great university of which we are so proud, and on its shield is blazoned the word 'Veritas' — Truth — and the Inscription 'For Christ and the Church.' From that day to this, Cam- bridge has been a city of churches and a community of law-abiding, God-fearing, home-loving men and women, who have taken a pride in their municipality and in the welfare of their fellow citizens. Moreover, from the commencement of its history Cambridge has been blessed with a constant line of devoted clergymen who have ministered to a loyal and grateful citizen- ship. The labors of Shepard, Langdon and Sparks of the earlier time have in our day and generation been equalled by the devoted service to the com- munity of Paige, McKenzie, Peabody, Abbott, Ap- CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 29 sey, Scully, Campbell, O'Brien, Bicknell, Crowe and a host of others who have inspired our citizenship to high ideals of living, and who have gone to their ever- lasting reward. "And the people of our city have not only had high ideals but they have put their rehgion into practice as is witnessed by the City Home, the City Hospital, the Cambridge Hospital, the Holy Ghost Hospital, the Emergency Hospital, the Avon Home, the Young Men's Christian Association, the Young Women's Christian Association, St. Mary's Catholic Association, the Young Men's Hebrew Association, the Columbus and Moore Street Day Nurseries, the Margaret Fuller House, the East End Christian Union, and other noble philanthropic institutions which have been of blessed helpfulness to countless thousands. "And so, my fellow citizens, as we gather here to celebrate this anniversary, we can justly claim that in its devotion to the Republic ; in its economic develop- ment, in the intellectual field and in the things of the spirit, Cambridge has throughout its history proved true to the traditions of its founders and stands before the world today famous in industry, foremost in edu- cational, literary and scientific achievements, a pro- gressive community of industrious, intelligent and clean living American citizens, loyal to their country and its glorious flag — a city set on a hill whose light cannot be hid, but which shines forth as an inspira- tion and a blessing to mankind. Let us of this day and generation see to it that that light fade not, but that it may shine on and on ever brighter and brighter unto the perfect day. " 'Forget not ; but here in the Charles' lovely valley Let Cambridge her halls and her studies renew. And, like that old mother, her sons round her rally. To learning, to manhood, to Christ ever true. 30 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 'Then, when London's rich commerce shall fade from the water, When Warwick's proud castle is sunk in the flame, When Rome bows to ruin and Paris to slaughter, New glory shall cover our town's peaceful President Barrett of the City Council voiced the impulses to finer aspiration in civic progress in an address that was packed with thought, and delivered with characteristic clarity and vehemence. He said: "Mr. Mayor and Fellow Citizens : I am pleased to be with you this afternoon and to bring to you the greetings of the Legislative Branch of our City Gov- ernment. I am also pleased that my efforts of a year ago were responsible for the bringing about of this celebration which is now well underway and that Cambridge is to celebrate in a fitting manner her 75th anniversary as a city. "I received a very interesting love letter a few days ago — not a love letter of the kind that is sought for and so eagerly read in our daily and weekly papers — but one from a dearly beloved father and mother, both having passed their seventy-fifth birth- days, each of them being born before that memorable St. Patrick's Day, 1846, when the then Governor Briggs of the State of Massachusetts affixed his sig- nature to the bill creating Cambridge a city. The inspiration I received from the letter referred to con- tained such endearments of love and friendliness from the old land to the new, that it leads me to be- lieve that if God will be as kind to me as He has been to my dear parents — to whom I owe so much — I may expect to be an active participant when Cam- CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY 31 bridge celebrates her one hundredth anniversary as a city. "Cambridge, in the words of one of her many dis- tinguished poets, 'Is no mean city' and, judging by her progress for the past seventy-five years, the poet's opinion has been amply verified. In our prog- ress along civic, industrial, political and religious lines, we have made remarkable strides, especially with the religious side. At a remote period of time before our incorporation as a city, Elizabeth Horton, a leading Quakeress in her day, was publicly flogged in the streets of Cambridge for announcing her religious faith. Within one hundred yards of where we now stand, Benamuel Bowers, who in those days had the temerity to declare himself a Bap- tist, was for that crime and for the still more serious crime of giving a glass of milk to the Elizabeth Hor- ton, already referred to, found guilty by the Judicial Department which meted out what passed for justice to the residents of Cambridge, and fined the sum of five pounds or twenty-five dollars in our present rate of currency. "A few weeks after the occasion referred to, the irrepressible Benamuel was forcibly ejected as being an unworthy person to enter a public place of wor- ship, situated in the now famous Harvard Square, necessitating the combined force of the then town constables to stifle the piety and privileges of the would-be repentant. To quote the words of our dis- tinguished historian, John Fiske, 'May all of us who hate oppression and love independence do honor to the memory of the sturdy Benamuel Bowers.' "Those in our community who would remind us of the greatness and glories of the passengers on the *Mayflower' — and their descendants are perfectly justified in emulating the virtues of those sturdy 32 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY pioneers — should also remember that emigrants who came on ships of a more recent date, and their descend- ants, contributed in no small way to make our be- loved city what it is and what it stands for. *'I entirely agree with His Excellency Governor Cox who a few moments ago reminded us of the spirit of discord and unrest rampant throughout our land, which is to be deplored; but that spirit and condition are by no means confined to the foreigners or the re- cent arrivals to our Republic or our City, for, sad to note, we find it in places where one would be justified in expecting a high degree of excellence in culture. "The increase in our population, 12,490 in 1846, to on or about 110,000 in 1921, is one to be proud of and also typifies our liberal spirit of brotherly love that has grown with the city's growth. Happily the same apphes to every large municipahty throughout our beloved land, giving hope and encouragement to those who aspire to become our citizens of the future. This country doubtless appeals to them as it did to my distinguished fellow-countryman and champion of America's cause, Edmund Burke, when in 1773, admiration for the young, hardy, self-reliant and highly-intelligent American people, inspired him to say, *When I contemplate these things — when I know that the Colonies in general owe little or noth- ing to any care of ours, and that they are not squeezed into that happy form by the constraints of watchful and suspicious government, but that through a wise and salutary neglect a generous nature has been suf- fered to take her own way to perfection — when I reflect upon these effects I feel all the pride of power sink and all presumption in the wisdom of human contrivance melt and die within me, my rigor relents, I pardon something to the spirit of liberty.' " Chief Marshal Ralph W. Ro.art Police Iiscort Chief Marshal and Staff CAMBEIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAKS A CITY 33 Reverend Raymond Calkins, Pastor of the Shepard Memorial Church, closed the meeting with the following words : "His Honor the Mayor has asked me to make a few concluding remarks. The church of which I am pastor is nearly as old as this town. Only eight or nine other settlements existed in New England when in 1630, this spot was occupied by about eight fami- lies, foremost among whom was that of Thomas Dud- ley, Deputy Governor of the Province of Massachu- setts. Four years later, the First Church in Cam- bridge assembled here under the leadership of the Reverend Thomas Hooker, who afterward migrated to Hartford, Connecticut, and in 1636, the present church organization was formed with the Reverend Thomas Shepard as pastor. That church has con- tinued until this day, and its life and the life of this community have gone on together ever since. The Congregation branch of this church has given nine mayors to the city, incorporated seventy-five years ago. Only a few short years ago, there sat in the pews of this church its mayor, four ex-mayors, and a governor of the Comomnwealth. My immediate pre- decessor. Dr. Alexander McKenzie, took the greatest interest in the life of this community. For years, he was a member of the school board. He was a prom- inent figure at the 25th and 50th anniversaries of the city's incorporation. Were he alive today, he would be one of our most honored guests. "The growth of this city has been very rapid. To- day it is noted not only as the seat of Harvard Col- lege, and as the home of some of America's greatest men of letters, and as the scene of some of the most important historical events connected with the history of this Republic, but it is also one of the greatest 34 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY industrial centres in New England. In the year 1800, Dr. Abiel Holmes, pastor of this church, wrote of Cambridge that 'it is generally conceded that this town combines the tranquility of philosophic solitude with the choicest pleasures and advantages of refined society.' No one would think of thus characterizing our modern Cambridge of 1920. There may be those who can here enjoy a philosophic solitude, but the space in which this enjoyment can be theirs is more and more restricted. And we recall today — and not with regret, but with a kind of pride — that there is not a ward in this city today in which the foreign- born or children of the foreign-born do not exceed in numbers the native stock, and that more races and languages today are gathered within the precincts of Cambridge than old Dr. Holmes knew the existence of when he wrote those words. At the 250th celebra- tion of the founding of this town in 1880, President Eliot said: *I see that Cambridge is becoming a man- ufacturing centre'; but as late as 1896, Professor Hart at the 50th anniversary of the incorporation of Cambridge as a city remarked : *A reputation for the manufacture of useful goods is well worth having, but Cambridge can never compete as a manufactur- ing city with Lowell or Lawrence or Manchester or Fall River or Worcester.' But today, Cambridge is in the same rank with those cities as a centre of in- dustry, and the time is not distant when she will com- pete with Boston itself. "It is this new and last wonderful chapter in the evolution of the city which we love which has laid its special task and duty obligation on every one of us. The transformation of our town from a quiet aca- demic community to a great industrial centre has put into our hands the gravest problems and the most serious responsibilities. For the first time in the nearly 200 years of the life of this community, we CAMBEIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAKS A CITY 35 have to wrestle with what is called the city problem. It is to the making of our Cambridge a city of which we shall not be ashamed, with a government that is both honest and just, with a community life that is clean and wholesome, and with brotherhood as the watchword of all who dwell therein, irrespective of race, or language, or color or religion — it is to this task that we, who love our city for what she has been and what she is, must dedicate ourselves. "In the old city of Siena in Italy stands the Palazzo Publico — that most beautiful city building. If you would understand the spirit of the proud citi- zens of Siena, you must go into the Sala della Pace where the Council of Nine used to meet. They em- ployed the great master Lorenzetti to decorate the walls of this Hall with allegorical frescoes to illustrate Good and Bad Government. On the right wall is the pictui'e of Good Government: the Rule of Justice. Within the city are dancing and feasting; the shops are full and trade flourishes. Beyond the walls un- armed traffic passes out ; the fields are cultivated and the peasants are bringing their produce into the city. And over all this is the inscription: 'Without fear may everyone travel freely and each man work or sow.' On the left wall is portrayed Evil Government and the fruits of injustice. Tyranny, a hideous horned monster with dagger and cup of poison is enthroned. Around him are his ministers: Cruelty, torturing a child. Treason and Fraud, Strife and War. At his feet lies Justice dishevelled and bound ; murder and outrage wanton inside and outside the walls; the smiling fields are devastated. And the demon of Fear enrolls this scroll: 'Through selfish ambition in this city has Justice been subjected to Tyranny, wherefore by this way no one passes without fear of death ; for within and without the gates, they plunder.' 36 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY *' These frescoes are now dim and indistinct with age, but the truth they teach — older than the ancient city of Siena but as true for the city of today — shines as clear as the light. The lesson of Good and of Bad Government is that Justice is the basis of the social order, and that Respect for Law is the condi- tion of good order, prosperity, and the social welfare." ®f)e Celebration Tuesday, October 11, 1921 The ringing of bells ushered in the second day with the beauty of a mild October sun disclosing the per- fection of the autumn season. The daylight hours were dedicated to the children. The day, its purpose, the lesson it should give to the young who in a few flowing years will take their places in the lead of city affairs, was the special work of a group of citizens. They visited the various schools where exercises were held and spoke briefly in simple and effective words about Cambridge, what it means in the daily lives of all, both young and old, the treasury of a grand his- toric past, the ripe employment of a fruitful present, and the earnest hopes of a useful future. The chil- dren listened with rapt attention and the promise of a half holiday to close the school day was welcomed with that ecstasy of joy which childhood alone can experience. The following speakers contributed to this fascina- ting and useful service : Waeren F. Spalding^ Agassiz School Edmund J. Brandon^ Ellis School Mrs. William F. Brooks^ Fletcher School T. Harrison Cummings, Haggerty School Hon. Frederick W. D^^lLlinger, Harvard School Hon. John P. Brennan^ Houghton School Michael E. Fitzgerald^ Kelley School Aethur a. Peaver, Morse School Rev. Raymond Calkins^ Peabody School 38 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY Ex-Mayor Walter C. Ward well, Putnam School Ernest J. Dennen, Roberts School George Saunders, Russell School Edward A. Sullivan, Thorndike School George L. Dow, Webster School Henry J. Mahoney, Wellington School John W. Wood, Rindge Technical School Prof. Henry W. Holmes | rr- i, j t ^- o 7 7 Hon. F. W. Dallinger [ ^'^^' ^^^ ^«^^^ ^^^^^^ AN EPISODE OF HISTORY The evening of Tuesday was devoted to the his- torical aspect of Cambridge. Sanders Theatre was the scene, with T. Harrison Cummings, Librarian of the Cambridge Public Library, as director of the episode. It was a stirring presentation, the pomp of pageantry and the eloquence of human lips conjoined to record the glory of the city's place in the nation's story. THE PROGRAM: His Honor Mayor Edward W. Quinn, Presiding Anthem Harvard Glee Club Prayer of Thanksgiving: A Netherlands Folksong Address William Roscoe Thayer President Cambridge Historical Society "Cambridge Old and New" Cavalier Song (Stanford) . . . .Harvard Glee Club Address Albert Bushnell Hart *' Cambridge in History" CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 39 Selection Harvard Glee Club "Now is the Month of Maying." — Morley Address Hon. Frederick W. DalUnger Address Hon. Frank Leveroni Representing the Italian People Address T. Harrison Cummings "Cambridge's Most Valuable Asset: Birth of the Flag in Cambridge" OUR FLAG IN HISTORY Written and Directed by Miss Lillian R. Hartigan First Episode Presented by the Pupils of C. H. L. S. "The Cambridge Flag" (The First Real Flag of the Colonies — January 2, 1775.) This flag, known as the Cambridge Flag, was designed probably by Professor Winthrop of Hai*vard College and raised by Washington at Cambridge, Massachusetts, January 2, 1776. Flag Bearers George Forbes, Fred Johnson George Washington William Anderson Professor Winthrop Thomas Gibson Mrs. Winthrop Helen Coolidge John Paul Jones Charles Leddy 40 cambridge seventy-five years a city Second Episode Presented by the Pupils of C. H. L. S. "The Committee from Continental Congress" — Cambridge, October 17, 1775. Benjamin Franklin, Chairman Henry Shea Thomas Lynch, South Carolina. . . .Robert Bennick Benjamin Harrison, Virginia. .Robert Le Normand Third Episode Presented by the Pupils of R. T. S. "The Birth of the Stars and Stripes" — June 14, 1777. Flag Bearers . Bartholomew Turbot, Edward Lennon SPIRIT OF 1776: Grandfather Melvin Hunt Son L. Aaron Grandson G. Carlin Fourth Episode Presented by the Pupils of R. T. S. "The Star Spangled Banner" — January 13, 1794. (Fifteen Stars and Stripes) Flag Bearers Thomas Lally, Waldorf Nelson The Victories of the Star Spangled Banner. 1. Naval War with France — 1798. President John Adams Albert Gracia Napoleon Bonaparte W. G. Hodden 2. War with the Barbary States— 1801-1805. President Thomas Jefferson A. Vaughan Pasha of Tripoli Chester Swenson CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 41 3. War With England— 1812. Two American Soldiers, Lawrence O'Brien, T. Franklin McDermott Francis Scott Key Cornelius Cronin Author of "Star Spangled Banner" — 1814. (This flag of 1794, known as the Star Spangled Banner, was the first American Flag to be raised over a Pubhc Schoolhouse at Cobram on Catamont Hill, Massachusetts.) Song — "Star Spangled Banner" . Community Chorus Fifth Episode Presented by the Pupils of C. H. L. S. ''Old Glory"— A^vW 4, 1818. (Congress by Act, decreed a return to the original thirteen stripes and a star for every State in the Union to be added to the flag on the July 4th following a State's admission to the Union. This is the present law in relation to the flag.) Flag Bearers Frank Thomas, Philip Smith Monroe Doctrine — 1823. Columbia Guarding for America the American Idea of Government. Columbia Janet Clark The First Raising of the "Stars and Stripes" over the State House on Beacon Hill on the occasion of the visit of Lafayette to Boston, April 24, 1824. WilHam Eustis, Governor of Massachusetts, Bernard Duffy Lafayette Frank Fessenden 42 cambridge seventy-five years a city Sixth Episode Presented by the Pupils of R. T. S. "National Flag-Period of Meocicaii ^ar-1846-4.7." Flag Bearers E. Hall, L. Lovett President James K. Polk Robert Lake General Winfield Scott Robert Fay General Zachary Taylor J. McLean Seventh Episode Presented by the Grand Army Men "National Flag — Period of the Civil War" Flag Bearer William Howe Cambridge Post, No. 5Q, G. A. R. Guard of Grand Army Men Eighth Episode Presented by the Pupils of C. H. L. S. "The Builders of the Flag." Indian Harold Vucassovich Columbus Alexander Clyde Sailors John Mahoney, Charlton Batchelor Miles Standish Paul Barry Priscilla Ellen Leonard John Alden William Rivinius Washington William Anderson Soldiers William Baker, Gidden Forbes Lincoln Louis Novak Columbias — Barbara Brown, Helen Chase, Elizabeth Putnam, Helen Lorenzen, Margaret Bacon, Caro- lyn Brine, Rose Manning. CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAKS A CITY 43 Escort of Grand Army Men: World War Soldier and Sailor. Two Members from the Cambridge Post, No. 27, of American Legion. Reader Edward A. Sullivan Song — "America" Community Chorus ADDRESS OF PROF. A. B. HART Professor Albert Bushnell Hart was greatly in the vein, and his witticisms frequently amused the audi- ence. He said : "Cambridge is one of the most distinguished of all American places. Americans do not brag enough nor does any Cambridge person do justice to his city. He is quite content to say 'I am from Cambridge and the world will understand.' When Cambridge was organized it was a rough frontier camp for the first few years. Then came the days when those wonder- ful Colonial houses began to appear in the city, for these men were not only good men, and godly men, but they were also mighty good carpenters. Cam- bridge had a great disappointment once. She ex- pected to be the capital of the little colony. People came here and bought corner lots and put up houses as if they expected to board the members of the great and general court. Then there was an election which was held on the common where the chairman of the meeting, believing that his man could not be elected, refused to open the meeting. A man in a tree called out to those present to start the meeting and they did. The chairman's friends were defeated. This was the first exhibition of free popular government in Cambridge. "There were trying times in Cambridge in the early days when the food ran short and people talked of 44 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY moving out where their cattle could have more pas- ture lands. The cattle business all but determined the fate of Cambridge. People felt that Cambridge was too far from the sea to be a successful city. Why, the man today who lives in a two-flat house and has gas, electricity, bath tubs and other modern conveniences has more today than the richest men had in those days. Mr. Flint, a tutor at Harvard, who was also speaker of the House, had to get up early to make that eight- mile journey when the legislature was in session. Sp he set his lectures at Harvard for 5 :00 A. M., and the records say that the students objected. "Harvard College was the mainstay of the place in those days. The truth is that the college was a de- lightful place in olden days. On one occasion the president stopped a student as the latter was crossing the campus. The student hesitated and considered rapidly what he had done in the past few hours that might cause the president to stop and talk with him. Much to his surprise, and also his relief, the president asked him for a 'chaw' of tobacco. I doubt if there has been since a president of Harvard College who has had that same ingratiating manner. Then there were the commons where the students dined. If the food was not good, there were no letters dropped to the stewards, there were no letters left in boxes at the clubs, but complaints were made by the students ris- ing and throwing the food at the steward, who no doubt hoped that it would not reach him. "Outside the windows were the swine whose food increased with the complaints made. When the first men came to Harvard College they all came to enter the ministry. They all had to study Hebrew, I said study, not learn. In the middle of the seventeenth century we became a more highly provincial town, existing for the benefit of Harvard College. Then came a highly fashionable set, the Vassals, who built CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 45 great homes along the river front and who were described as 'damnably rich people.' 'Tory Row' came to light through these folk, who quarreled fre- quently and were not infrequently in the courts of law both as plaintiffs and defendants. When the Revolution came, they took the wrong side, and they never have come back. Cambridge was the center of Revolutionary agitation. In 1765, a party of four thousand men called on one Oliver, who lived in a house later occupied by James Russell Lowell and urged him to cease the sale of stamps. He accom- modated himself to their wishes. Cambridge played a large part in this civil war. The president of Har- vard College knelt and asked the blessing of Al- mighty God when a little body of men marched to Charlestown to take Bunker Hill. The Revolution was really won at the Battle of Bunker Hill and this was doubtless due to the prayers of the president of Harvard College. For, if green men, armed with various weapons could hold charge after charge of the British regulars the end of British rule was coming. "There were two headquarters used by Washington here, the Wadsworth house and the Craigie house. These are two shrines of original American liberty. Then there is the glorious elm and the church where Washington attended. The story is told how the wife of General Putnam, the Revolutionary leader, drove out in a four-horse coach and how the soldiers turned her back. If she had used but two horses to the coach she would have been all right, but four horses was too much display and back she went. "Then came a great awakening. In 1867, Eliot became president of Harvard College. His mind was attuned to great things. Cambridge began to change from a village and transportation has accom- phshed this fact. I recall the old horse cars. One 46 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY night there was a bad snowstorm and on the car that was supposed to hold twenty-two people, there came out from Boston two hundred people who were on, in, on top of, around and adjacent to the car — and we all got home to Cambridge. "The Texas steer and the Kansas hog for years have looked forward to their coming to Cambridge to give up their lives in this city. They had much rather be slaughtered in Squires than in those dis- agreeable and smelly Chicago places. "The history of Cambridge is a history of conscious effort to make the world better than a people who lived from age to age had found it. The college owes its extended life to Cambridge. Has not Har- vard College done something for the city, too?" ADDRESS OF HON. FRANK LEVERONI Hon. Frank Leveroni, representing the Italian people, said: "I am very pleased indeed and feel greatly hon- ored to be invited to address you this evening on this memorable occasion as the representative of the lar- gest single foreign element in the City of Cambridge. The entire world during the past year has been com- memorating the greatness of the greatest Italian — Dante. The prophet, the poet of the mystic, the symbol of Italian struggle for unity, the exponent of a national language. The prototype of the modern pacifist, but a firm believer in liberty, freedom of thought and of action, all governed by laws for the general good. For six hundred years the Italians had continually before them the passionate appeal of Dante — 'Ah ! enslaved Italy, dwelling place of wars! Thy inhabitants cannot exist without war and those enclosed by one city wall gnaw each other. Search around thy shores, wretched one, and then CAMBKIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 47 within thy bosom and see if any part of these enjoy peace.' This man whom Longfellow asserts that 'Among a thousand proofs let one suffice, That as his exile hath no parallel Ne'er walked the earth a greater man than he.' "Finally peace has come ; Italy has reunited to her- self all her lost provinces — but alas, there still lies outside of its mother folds — Fiume. "Tomorrow, the world, especially the North and South American continents, will commemorate the 429th anniversary of the discovery of America by another great Italian, in whose native city I was born, Christopher Columbus. This great genius suc- ceeded in bringing to light the existence of the Western continent. The discovery of America was the greatest single event in the history of civilization. It is easy now for men to criticise and belittle the greatness of his work. Charles Francis Adams might well say that the discovery of America by Columbus was an event which was bound to come because of the number of converging events set in motion eventually leading to the one which he accomplished. But to understand history aright one must consider it from the point of view of the particular period. No man had the foresight, the intelligence, the learning, the dauntless courage and the superhuman perseverance that had Columbus. He was scorned, abused and derided by most everybody. He knocked at the gates of every king of Europe for aid. He finally suc- ceeded. His discovery enabled Europe to regenerate itself. While Columbus did not know the greatness of his work, all Europe took advantage of his great leadership. This continent soon became the battlefield between the natives and the Europeans. Columbus' discovery enabled the establishment of the greatest Republic. America discovered by Colum- 48 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY bus, a Genoese, named after Americus, a Tuscan, its continent discovered by Cabot, a Venetian, and ex- plored by Verrazano, a Florentine. And so down the ages to the present time there has appeared other great Italians who have contributed to the world's happiness, culture and learning. "It would be idle for me to present to this intelli- gent audience in this great seat of learning other evi- dences of the greatness of this people, were it not for the impression spread broadcast that the Italy of to- day is a decadent nation. How entirely false! Per- mit me to quote from Draj^er's 'Intellectual Develop- ment of Europe' : 'It was in Italy that Columbus was born; in Venice newspapers were first issued; it was in Italy that the laws of the descent of bodies to the earth and of the equilibrium of fluids were first dis- covered by Galileo. In the Cathedral of Pisa that illustrious philosopher watched the swinging of the chandelier and, observing that its vibrations, large and small, were made in equal time, eventually dis- covered the pendulum. He also invented the first practical telescope for the study of the sky. It was in Italy that Sanctorio discovered the thermometer, that Torricelli discovered the barometer and demon- strated the pressure of the air; it was there that Cas- telli laid the foundation of hydraulics and discovered the laws of the flowing of water; there, too, was the first Christian astronomical observatory set up, and there Stancari counted the number of vibrations of a string emitting musical notes; there Grimaldi dis- covered the defractions of light, and the Florentine Academicians showed that dark heat may be reflected by mirrors across space. In our own times Melloni furnished the means of proving that it may be polar- ized. The first philosophical societies were the Italians ; the first botanical garden was established at Pisa; the first classification of plants given by HoNoKAKv Staff 2ND Battalion ioist Infantry, M. N. G. Vice President, Mayor and Legion Guard of Honor Leslie F. Hunting Camp, Spanish War Veterans AIasskd Colors and Kiflk C"lui! Escort, 1'he American J-^egion j ' ^ ^ iff T fl^ ImmII 11 J,~n fe&v- • lSMM99SKl^^SK^^.^i^'^^^^^^^ JMIi^Ss^^^^^E^SHr^i ^^^IM^^Q^^ Mf»-4'-%%p t^^*«w ii^AMt^m ■ % E^^ , ^^^V<■■>•'SilS fe.^'^j .l*''" .u- ll^.V!' ,«4-v "^'j^u^^^B t ^ CAiMi'.RiDGE Post Xo. 2/, The American Legion Evolution of America, CambridgI': Post No. 2y, The Ameetcan Lecuon Balance of Justice^ Cambridge Post No. 27, The American Li^gion CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 49 Caessalpinus ; the first geological museum was founded at Verona ; the first who cultivated the study of fossil were Leonardo da Vinci and Fracasta. The great chemical discoveries were made by the instru- ments of Galvani and Volta. Who will dispute with that illustrious people the palm of music and paint- ing, of statuary and architecture? The names of the great men — Michelangelo, Correggio, Bellini, Gior- gione, Tintoretto, Giotto in the realm of painting and architecture, and Donizetti, Verdi, Boito, Puccini, Giordano, and Mascagni in the production of the most beautiful and most enjoyable works of music. The greatest artist today is the product of Italian conservatories — Duse, and the late great lamented Enrico Caruso. "In literature, Italy boasts of the divine Dante, Pet- rarch, Boccaccio, Alfieri, Macchiavelli, Cellini, Gol- doni, Manzoni, Leopardi, Carducci, and d'Annunzio. Side by side with the Roman Catholic Church, Italy has preserved the greatness of ancient Rome, its liter- ature, its laws, and its mode of government, which in time spread broadcast among the peoples of the world. And what of her renowned holy men? Of Gregory the Great, of St. Francis of Assisi? Of her great philosophers from Vico to Benedetto Croce? Of her great statesmen Cavour and Mazzini? Her universities at Ravenna, Pavia and Bologna are worldwide known as seats of great learning, espe- cially in the studies of law. Criminal law was greatly influenced by the treatise of Beccaria and in our own time by the writings of Lombroso and of Ferri. Indeed, the whole world is indebted to Italy, for there is no department of human knowledge from which she has not extracted glory. "I will not speak of Italy's contribution to the World War; history will record that she had the longest battlefront, the most difficult and dangerous 50 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY territory to carry on operations of war; she fought single-handed the Germanic empires, suffered the most and received the least. "It is most fitting for this renowned city to com- memorate its Diamond jubilee, and wise and proper for its officials to consider the component parts of its citizenship. The Italian of today is the same sincere, laborious, intelligent individual of the past. He has the same artistic, spiritual, and intense ideals of his ancestors. Witness the wonderful discoveries of Marconi and wireless telegraphy; of Alfani in seismology; of Caproni in the navigation of the air. All he requires is a fair show, proper surroundings, and a sympathetic understanding. Like the ancient Egyptians the first and second generations in this country have been 'the hewer of stone and the drawer of Avater.' He has built our subways, our trenches, and other works requiring brawn and labor ; he has given of his best — yes, of his body, and at times, of his life. He has been imposed upon, maltreated, and disregarded, and yet withal has been most loyal. Of their loyalty George Creel stated in 1919, that 'during the war about four per cent, of the whole population were Italians, but the casualty lists show a full ten per cent, of Italian names. More than 300,000 Italians figured in the army list in defence of the inner lines, as well as the firing lines, and proved their devotion to their adopted country.' They generously bought all issues of lib- erty bonds and rarely, if ever, were found guilty of violating the manual of war. Another illustration that the Italian is the best type of citizenship is shown during the policemen's strike in Boston. In the north end part of Boston, occupied most densely by Italians, there were no uprisings and no arrests. Unfortunately, he is careless in the carrying of fire- arms and combined with his temperamental impetu- CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 51 osity, he sometimes gets himself into trouble. But this condition will be remedied by education and by the regulation of the sale of firearms. The younger generation is free from this trouble. "We are all in hearty sympathy with the efforts of Americanization. But, as President Eliot well says, by this we should not urge upon the foreign- born to forget his language and traditions. Indeed, the Italian ought to be encouraged to develop those qualities of human endeavor in which his ancestors were pre-eminent and thus add to the prosaic life of America the beautiful in art, music, sculpture and the sciences. The ideal system is to blend and adapt the best that all nationalities can contribute to Ameri- can life, but all ideals must be moulded and con- trolled by the principles enunciated in the Declaration of Independence and in the Constitution of the United States. "The town of Cambridge was founded at the same time as the town of Boston. It was selected by Gov- ernor Winthrop as the capital of the Massachusetts Bay colony, but as Boston was better situated for commercial development and for defense against the Indian, Cambridge lost its dominating position. 'It is one of the few American towns,' in the words of T. W. Higginson, 'that may be said to have owed its very name and existence to the pursuit of letters.' This noble city with its far-famed institutions of learning has done most in spreading broadcast a bet- ter and friendlier conception of Italy, for her people are known best wherever culture and learning flour- ish. Here in Cambridge was printed the first book in the United States. Here was established the first and greatest college in the United States, and here today is the greatest educational center. Italy has had no better friends than the distinguished men of letters — Longfellow, Norton, Lowell, Holmes, and 52 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY Newell of the past, and of Ford, Grandgent, Thayer and Eliot of the present day. "We are all Americans endowed with the same opportunities and animated with the desire to serve our common country at all times. This cloistered and majestic hall brings to my mind the noble sentiments quoted by President Eliot of Thomas Carlyle when, on being installed as rector of the University of Edinburgh in 1866, he told the students 'what a man was born to in all epochs — he is born to expend every particle of strength that God Almighty has given him in doing the work he is fitted for; to stand up to it to the last breath of his life and to do his best.' So may we all in like manner serve our city, our state and our country." ADDRESS OF PROFESSOR WILLIAM R. THAYER "Few of us remember how short a time has passed since Cambridge was an insignificant town. In the year 1800, for instance, nearly two centuries and three-quarters after its founding, it counted only twelve hundred inhabitants, and seventy-five years ago, when the legislature created it a city, the popu- lation numbered barely 12,000. The real growth began, however, after the Civil War. In 1874, the population had risen to 50,336. From that time for- ward the increase was rapid and steady. The great tide of inmiigration to this country, which the steam- ship lines encouraged by cheap transportation, brought larger and larger deposits of foreign-born strangers here, until certain sections of our city have come to be more foreign than native. This is a very important fact in the development of Cambridge, be- cause until recent years Cambridge was one of the most Yankee of all the towns in this region. CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY 53 "At the celebration of the semi-centennial of Cam- bridge in 1896, the various speakers emphasized par- ticularly the historical glories of Cambridge; they noted with satisfaction and hope the transformation into an industrial centre, and they evidently felt proud of the vogue which the so-called 'Cambridge Idea' already enjoyed. It seemed to them evidence that the city, while growing materially, still promoted ideals. Local option in the sale of liquors, which was part of the 'Cambridge Idea' resulted in no license here, but I suspect that it would not have been so popular had not all the saloons of Boston remained wide open to welcome thirsty visitors from Cam- bridge. The fare on the street cars, which were then replacing horses by electricity, was only five cents. 'Wet goods' could be delivered in Cambridge at a very low charge by the express companies. Now the 18th amendment for good or for ill has made no hcense obsolete. The second part of the 'Cambridge Idea' — non-partisan local politics — which we believed would be permanent, has also disappeared during the past quarter of a century, but let us hope that, like the seventeen-year locust, it will return so that its disappearance may not mean its extinction. "I spoke just now of the street railroads; they have been one of the chief causes of the rapid growth ; they have made Cambridge the most accessible of the im- mediate suburbs of Boston, with the result that many business men with offices in Boston reside in Cam- bridge. Meanwhile, the estabhshing of large indus- tries, of the packing houses, the factories and other 'plants,' has brought in a large proletarian popula- tion. The expansion of Harvard College has been a third and very important cause of the city's growth. Harvard College opened its first building for pupils in 1638, only eight years after the settlement of 'Newtowne,' as the pioneers called Cambridge, and 54 CAMBEIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY for nearly three hundred years the town and the col- lege have grown together, usually in friendship, and with a deep sense of their inter-dependence. At times, of course, demagogues have sprung up to pro- test against allowing the College to fatten on the town, but wiser Cantabrigians have always seen that the benefit was mutual, and persons who know how very obvious the predominance of the English Cam- bridge and Oxford Universities and of Continental universities, has been over their towns, have won- dered rather that Harvard has refrained from at- tempting to secure undue control in purely town affairs. From generation to generation many of our citizens have been proud to hail from the seat of the chief American university. "I do not attempt to give a detailed account of the expansion of Cambridge in buildings and industries during the past twenty-five years. I wish merely to indicate that this expansion has taken place and has brought radical changes not only in the aspect of the city, but in the character of the citizens themselves. As soon as a community numbers a hundred thousand or more persons, it needs and acquires traits which did not belong to its youth. True, 'the child is father of the man,' but that does not imply that the man wears boy's clothes. What we wish to know is whether the man perpetuates on a higher scale, the noble and attractive qualities of the child. "The fame of a city often rests on the fame of two or three of its inhabitants, and no doubt, we commonly imagine that the fellow citizens of a celebrity are celebrities themselves. Of course, this is not true, but we usually find that the celebrity's neighbors understood his value. I do not suppose that any dweller in Cambridge who met Mr. Longfellow failed to perceive that he was a very remarkable man. Cambridge during the third quarter of the last cen- CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 55 tury rejoiced in having several remarkable men in different fields. Eeside our chief poet Longfellow, there was James Russell Lowell, himself a rare poet, a satirist better than any other America has produced, a literary critic and an essayist, and an Ambassador. Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, a native of Cambridge, never forgot his affection for his birthplace after he transplanted himself to Boston. There was Agassiz, the elder, foremost among our men of science, and Benjamin Pierce, who dwelt in the loneliness of his mathematical isolation, and Jeffries Wyman, and Charles Eliot Norton — and Asa Gray, who com- manded botany as if it were a kingdom. And there were others — but I do not pretend to make a com- plete catalogue. "To you, of the younger generation, most of these persons are names, but we who saw them and knew them still miss them in our social intercourse, and we think of them as perpetual inhabitants of Cambridge. Without them we feel instinctively that we have fallen on a commonplace time — that the race here- abouts has dwindled, but this is a frequent illusion of age, for President Eliot, after his amazing career of primacy still survives, and William James, who, as I believe, will be ranked by posterity among the great- est of Americans, died only a short time ago, and among our present fellow citizens there may be some destined to be long remembered. "But while the possession of a few men of genius gives glory and imperishable interest to a city, the continuance of a population of high average intelli- gence and conduct is of most importance. A com- munity could not survive if it had only two or three persons of temperament. "Each of you can judge as well as I whether our average standard of citizenship has been kept up. Of course, the problem everywhere in America, here not 56 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY less than elsewhere, is how to assimilate large num- bers of foreigners who settle here. In the case of the native there is the keeping alive and the handing on of the traditions which belong to his stock. But the foreigner, the immigrant, has to learn a strange language and to fit himself into strange customs, and it is presumably harder for him to become a real American than for one who is a native. But nothing is more certain than that unless our immigrant popu- lation is truly Americanized the American Republic, both as a fact and an ideal, will cease to exist. Num- bers of men do not make a republic or any other last- ing govermnent; it is the principles behind the men. Do those of you who can look back to 1880, for in- stance, believe that our population is as firmly loyal to American ideals as it was then? If it be not, the blame must fall on us who have neglected our duty. We must teach the newcomers what America is and what it hojics to be. We must show them that the promise of America lies open to them also, j)rovided that they train themselves to receive it. "We must make it clear that the principles of the founders are to be the guides in our government, not because they are old, nor because they were adopted by our ancestors, but because in hundreds of years of experience they have been proved the best for our purposes. They may be modified, and in fact, they are modified from generation to generation in some detail, but in essence they endure, and woe unto us if we let them go. During the last few years we have been confused by almost numberless proposals to throw over our principles and to substitute for them the unproved doctrines of half-civilized or more than half-crazy fanatics. We must always be on our guard against such seductions. "Our experiences in the war inevitably threw us into the great stream of national policy and not only CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY 57 our soldiers and sailors were thrown among the volun- teers in regiments from all parts of the country, but our civilians, who saw service in Washington and other places, got a wider view of life. From all of which let us hope our city will benefit. This, too, will make for a more soUd civic unity. "And unity, I repeat, should be the goal of every human aggregation, whether of family, town, city, state or nation. Unity begets harmony, friendship, goodwill, the application of the common strength to the common purpose. I said earlier that perhaps the most marked characteristic of the past thirty years has been the immense expansion of transportation. The electric street cars have not only brought Cam- bridge within a few minutes, in time, from Boston, but have joined the sections of the city which used to be somewhat remote from each other. Still, I wonder whether East Cambridge and Mt. Auburn, or North Cambridge and Magazine Street have really much more social and civic intercourse than they had before the trolleys came. The subway tunnels serve to sim- ply shorten the trip to Boston, and the passengers who use them only may never even see Cambridge- port, or even Harvard Square, for instance. On the whole, we feel, however, that the expanded system of transportation must be an agent of civic unity. "But real unity springs not from externals, but from within. We must do the best we can in spite of unfavorable conditions, feeling assured that if civic friendliness exists in the heart no outward obstacle will prevent us from exercising it. We cannot exag- gerate its importance. We can never exceed in civic loyalty. In travelling, we come to a little town, or village even, whose natives boast of it as if it were the scene of all beauty and perfection. We smile, perhaps, but it is home to them, and a healthy instinct tells them that home is a part of paradise. So I wish 58 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY that it may be with every man, woman and child in Cambridge, and that each of them will have it in mind to improve the outward Cambridge and to cultivate high ideals which shall make the inner spiritual Cam- bridge more and more lovely. "Distance lends enchantment to the view, when we look back over the past not less than when we gaze on landscape, and yet it is not merely the glamor of retrospect which makes old days in Cambridge seem so alluring. A hundred years ago the place was un- like any other in this part of the country. There w^is much comfort, but hardly any excessive wealth. In Harvard Square stood the old court house, and nearby the old jail, and a stone's throw away, at the corner of tlie college yard, the old First Church lifted its spire. These three buildings typified the three primitive concerns of every community — rehgion, justice and punishment. Into the square from time to time jogged a C-spring chaise, or rumbled a rig- ging loaded with hay or vegetables from the farms beyond the village. That rather venerable looking old gentleman who crosses the square with conscious dignity is Professor X. That other who is ahnost equally old, but has an impulsive gait and an ex- plosive way of talking is Professor Popkin, going regularly to the tobacconists to buy his cigar. Down on Boylston Street, on the old road which led to Brighton and Brookline, is located the famous tav- ern which purveyed a brand of flip unequalled in Cambridge so long as any fli}) was allowed to be pur- veyed at all. You remember how President Kirk- land, that amiable and open-minded gentleman, went to the tavern one day and ordered a glass of this flip. They gave him of their best, which he drank with great gusto. 'I am told,' he said, 'that the college students spend much time here drinking this,' and he added good- naturedly, ' and I don't wonder.' Dear CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 59 old Kirkland! Was there in the century that has elapsed since him a president of Harvard of whom a similar story could be told ? "The college had the lion's share of attention in those days, and throughout the nineteenth century, and the persons quaint or eminent, who are for the most part remembered, belonged to the college. You will find a delightful account of many of them in James Russell Lowell's sketch, 'Cambridge Thirty Years Ago.' There you will encounter Sales, the French and Spanish tutor, 'whose resounding "Haw, haw by George," positively enlarged the income of every dweller in Cambridge,' as Lowell says. And there, too, are Snow, the oyster man, and dear, pa- tient John Holmes in his younger days. How many of you, as you walk across Cambridge Common at night recall that John Holmes spent many a solitary evening there? "Coming down a generation, those of us who are not yet decrepit see in our mind's eye the celebrities and characters whom we saw in the flesh when we roamed around Cambridge as boys. By one of those tricks of memory, which we can hardly account for, I often have a vision of Brian McMann, the stout, red- faced gentleman, once a champion of the ring, I be- lieve, who used to bring buckets of water to refresh the car horses as they jingled into Harvard Square. And having drank, they would jingle on their way to Mt. Auburn or to North Cambridge. The tall elm, which stood in the center of the square, and gave shade to McMann, vanished long ago. So did he, and yet they are fixed in my memory as indelibly as that of the president of Harvard University. "In like manner, every Cantabrigian carries with him his own store of recollections of Cambridge, which was described by one of the first writers upon it as a place 'very pleasant and accommodate.' Today, 60 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY far more than three centuries ago, those words are appropriate. What son of the town can forget the beauties of Fresh Pond, especially in the autumn days when the leaves begin to turn, and a soft haze mellows the hills which surround it? Or the valley of the Charles, with the river like a burnished inverted S lingering through it as if unwilling to depart? Or the college yard, with its fantastic jumble of build- ings over which the Japanese Ivy, kind as charity, throws its screening mantle to hide the multitude of architectural sins? Wherever the Cantabrigian looks, he is reminded that he is a citizen of no mean city, and when he searches the past he is confirmed by the annals of three hundred years. And there must rise in his heart a feeling of great satisfaction and of admiration and not only of admiration, but of deep affection, for to be linked into such a place by birth or by adoption is surely a great proof of good fortune. There comes over him the recognition that he must not only enjoy his inheritance, but hand it on untarnished and improved to those who come after him." ADDRESS OF T. HARRISON CUMMINGS "Cambridge in the early days was in a sense vir- tually the first capital of the infant republic. The opening scenes of the great drama of the revolution were first enacted here. The stage was set in Cam- bridge, and the annals of Cambridge in 1775, are part of our national history. The Adamses, Otises, Quincys, Hancocks, Coolidges and Winthrops were here. The cause of liberty was to them a precious inheritance and a sacred trust, handed down to them from their fathers of a former generation. It was no longer a dream with them but a living reality, and they pledged their lives and sacred honor to win it CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 61 and make it secure for them and their posterity. The first decisive act in the struggle was the choice of General Washington as commander-in-chief of the American Army assembled here on Cambridge Common. "This act consolidated the Colonial forces, estab- lished confidence, and made them a united people. The next act in the drama was the choice of a flag that symbolized their ideals and cemented together all their hopes and aspirations, and Cambridge became the cradle and birthplace of the first American flag. A committee from the Continental Congress was delegated to wait upon General Washington regard- ing the needs of his army. His greatest need was a national standard and the committee reported his se^- lection of the Cambridge flag with the crosses of St. George and St. Andrew on a big union in the corner. On January 1, 1776, this flag was first unfurled over his headquarters in Cambridge, the veiy day that his army came into official existence here. "One hundred forty-five years have rolled around and we meet today to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the incorporation of the City of Cambridge. Cam- bridge is still here and glad to welcome you within its borders. After the lapse of all these years, the world is still in a turmoil and the times are still troubled, but let us say the conditions are never hope- less. While God reigns and the heavens still shine above us there is no reason for despair. "World history is still in the making. The process of righting things may be slow, but if so the fault must be charged to the people themselves. The rem- edies are simple enough, yet there is an inclination to look for some extraordinary thing to happen before there can be a readjustment. Some people talk of passing more laws, while others discuss the repeal of the laws that we already have on the statute books. 62 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY The only laws that will cure the evil of the times in which we live have already been in existence 1900 years. They are found between the covers of the one great book recognized by all civil governments. The nearer individuals come to abiding by these laws the easier it will be to reach a solution of their problems. The simpler men live the greater they will become. The nearer they come to being unselfish and practice the Golden Rule, the closer will they come to the ful- filling of the purposes of God. We need strong, un- selfish, purposeful political leadership. Our people are great as their leaders are great. They thrill and rise to great heights only as they are inspired by their leaders to do great things. "But since the late war they have been floundering around in an avaricious struggle to get rich, with no hand to restrain them. Instead of making the least effort to observe the Golden Rule, they have been yoked with the Golden Calf and no genuine effort has yet been made to head them off. Under the folds of the American flag, the revolutionary fathers have opened for us a new road to freedom. The flag for which our heroes fought guarantees equal rights for all before the law. It means that all distinctions based on birth or blood have perished from the earth ; that our government shall stand between labor and capital; between poverty and wealth; between the corporation and the individual ; between the weak and the strong. It guarantees simple justice to each and beneath its stars the weakest must be protected and the strongest obey the law. Our task is to keep this road to greatness, freedom, and security, an open highway. Every year two million young men and women celebrate their 21st birthday and enter the full duties and rights of citizens. What can we do for them? "The average citizen must be a good citizen if our CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 63 republics are to succeed. The stream will not per- manently rise higher than the main source; and the main source of national greatness is found in the average citizenship of the nation. Therefore, it be- hooves us to do our best to see that the standard of the average citizen is kept high. "The name of Cambridge should be engraved high upon the sculptured pillar of Civic greatness. And in the years to come, we may point with pride to the fact that our national banner first saw the light of day in this city, and was Washington's flag as well as the first and only American flag until it was super- seded by the stars and stripes." Cije Celebration pall Tuesday, October 11, 1921 While the more sedate among the populace were edified hy the historical aspect of the celebration pre- sented in the exercises held in Sanders Theatre, Tues- day night, the younger element followed a native and equally healthy bent by attending in great numbers the ball held in the city's most spacious hall, the State Armory. The great area was aglow with the beauty of colorful decoration and the presence of fair women. The march presented a spectacle wherein public dig- nitaries were eclipsed for once in attraction by the matrons and daughters of the city. The event was directed by President James T. Barrett of the City Council, his associates of thef Council as aids, namely, Hugh G. Anderson, Roland E. Brown, Arthur Drinkwater, William M. Hogan, Frank J. Lehan, John J. McCarthy, Horace A. Skilton, Harold M. Bradbury, Francis D. Coady, John P. Good, Daniel P. Leahy, James E. Mahler, Charles H. Shea, Franklin H. Wright and a group of citizens, namely, M. Dolan, William Connerty, T. Connerty, E. Maloney, R. Walsh, Walter Rear- don, J. Landry, J. Murphy, E. J. Tobin, Jr., Wil- liam Lynch, William McCarthy, W. Duddy, T. Reardon. 64 Cambridge Fire Department Cambridge Lodge of Elks Cambridge (_)dd Fe'llows and Rebekahs Rebekahs Combined Councils, Knights of Columbus Knights of Columbus, Santa Maria Pocahontas Lodge, Elks of the' World Knights of Pythias Columbus Day, October 12, 1921 The spectacular event of the celebration, the one which focussed the interest and attention of the whole people was the parade of Wednesday, October 12th, the closing day of a memorable series. Herein was shown the sagacity of Mayor Quinn in proposing that the climax of the celebration should take place on the holiday dedicated to the man of Genoa whose vision, courage and determination opened a new world tq civihzation. Many races of men and women participated in a demonstration that should mark the beginning of an enlightened program of Americanism and civics. All were animated — those who are native here with the many others who came from elsewhere — with the true spirit of community glory and service. Enthu- siasm prevailed all along the lengthened route. For a brief period at the beginning it looked as though the sky was not attuned to harmonize with the occasion, but a friendly sun fought with lowering rain clouds and, after a brief and spirited battle, wherein feminine raiment designed to decorate the many floats was damaged just a little, the day was serene and clear until the close. Building owners, merchants and residents joined in decorative effects to recognize the significance of the celebration. With over 30,000 men, women and chil- dren in line and a state holiday providing ample op- portunity, it was not unexpected that thousands out- 66 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY side of the city would make Cambridge a patriotic mecca for the day. A careful estimate discloses that the paraders marched by living walls numbering 500,000 people. The school children equalled the many floats in attraction as they plodded the long trail with the persistency and seriousness that denoted the traditional Cambridge spirit. The route of parade was as follows: Starting point, Dover Street and Massachusetts Avenue; Massachusetts Avenue to Columbia Street ; Columbia Street to Cambridge Street; Cambridge Street to Sixth Street; Sixth Street to Main Street; Main Street to Charles River Road. Never before in the history of outdoor celebrations in this section of the state was held a procession so varied and significant in its features calculated in every detail to teach the lesson of community pride and service. The eye was dazzled and observation confused by the rapid succession of marching groups, interwoven with floats descriptive of the ideals of the many different races resident in Cambridge, all mov- ing in harmony towards the common goal of Ameri- can citizenship. ROSTER OF PARADE, OCTOBER 12 Police Detail Chief McBride, Captain Canney, Captain Leahy Platoon of Police Chief Marshal Captain Ralph W. Robart Chief of Staff George W. Cole, U. S. W. V. cambridge seventy-five years a city 67 Honorary Chief of Staff Warren F. Spalding, G. A. R. assistant chiefs of staff Lieutenant E. Gilmore Shepherd, Joseph F. Scott, Captain Francis J. Good sergeant bugler Simon Touchette bugler Carleton F. Walcott AIDES Ehner C. Coolbrith Lieut. Eliot E. McDowell Lieut. Winthrop Adams Lieut. Francis J. Roche Francis E. Ford Daniel J. O'Brien Major Simon B. Kelleher Francis P. Powers Comdr. William W. Ramsey Sgt. Edward M. Kelleher Lieut. Bradford H. Pierce A. Frank Montgomery Joseph J. Gannon Jeremiah F. Downey William J. Foley Raymond L. Bedard Edwin A. Rich, Jr. Lieut. David C. Dow Arthur T. Browne Daniel J. Toomey Albert T. Doyle Edward F. Sullivan Edward A. Counihan Leo J. Cooper Ginn & Co. Band, 30 Pieces HONORARY Thomas F. Atkinson James F. Aylward Hon. Charles Almy Charles R. Apted Philip R. Ammidon Albert S. Apsey Dr. William G. Brousseau Prof. Joseph H. Beale AIDES John B. Byrne James F. Black Stoughton Bell Alexander H. Bill Herbert M. Bridey Elmer H. Bright Albert M. Barnes Thomas H. Batt 68 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY Otis S. Brown Leopold Bartel Hon. John P. Brennan Hon. James W. Bean Dr. Francis J. Barnes Nathaniel W. Bunker Robert Burns Dr. T. F. Brassil Dr. J. J. Boyle John H. Corcoran Dr. H. A. Chase Francis J. Carney Walter I. Cowlishaw Dr. Charles S. Cahill Francis A. Countway Thomas H. Cummings George Howland Cox David F. Corcoran Henry J. Cunningham James J. Conley Edward J. Conley G. E. Carstein Hon. Edw. A. Counihan, Jr. Edward Cohen James G. Cassedy John F. Danskin Joseph E. Doherty Thomas A. Dewire William W. Davis William R. Davis Walter G. Davis Dr. John E. Dwyer Dr. Thomas H. Heaton Dr. J. Robert McKenzie Stephen H. Harrington George F. McKellegett James A. Montgomery Austin de Guglielmo John B. Dore Frank T. Evans Eliot Emerson John R. Fairbairn J. Frank Facey J. Joseph Foley A. T. Gutheim, John L. G. Glynn George F. Giles Charles E. Gordon John P. Gately Harris Ginsburg James J. Hill Arthur R. Henderson Richard H. Dana Harry F. R. Dolan Robert O. Dalton Michael J. Harty Prof. W. F. Harris John H. Hurley Thos. M. B. Hicks Thomas Hadley John J. Harrington William Hennessey John E. Hannigan Harry Joel H. D. Litchfield David E. Lonergan George W. Long Albert E. Lynch William H. Lewis Joseph W. Monahan Frank X. Masse Dr. E. A. McCarthy Dr. Leo T. Myles William B. McCoy CAMBEIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 69 C. F. J. McCue Henry J. Mahoney Dr. William Milligan John B. McCloskey Clement G. Morgan James F. O'Brien Michael A. O'Leary William P. O'Connor Michael M. O'Connor Dr. George F. Norton Harry A. Penniman Hyman Pill Gilbert A. A. Pevey C. Fred Pierce Forris W. Norris Walter L. Potter Samuel W. Prussian Edward M. Parker Joseph P. Quilty John J. Quinlan Herbert L. Rose J. Lee Robinson Andrew J. Rady Theodore H. Raymond Edmund Reardon J. Henry Russell Frank F. Rogers George E. Saunders Jeremiah F. Sullivan James J. Scully C. Burnside Seagrave William F. Shine Richard W. Sutton Edward J. Sennott Joseph G. Thorp Samuel Usher George B. Wasson WiUiam M. Wadden Henry J. Winslow Robert Walcott Edmund A. Whitman Thomas E. WilHams James Walsh H. Whiting 2nd Battahon, 101st Infantry, M. N. G., Major George S. Penney, Commanding Company G, Capt. Crawford J. Ferguson Company E, Lieut. Frederick Goulding Company F, Capt. Edward Fitzgerald Lieutenant Bartholomew J. Hally and Ensign Edmund J. Brandon, Personal Aides to Guests Guard of Honor to Invited Guests, All Decorated Veterans of the World War Mayor Quinn, City Council and Invited Guests 70 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY FIRST DIVISION Military Francis J. O'Reilly, G. A. R., Commanding AIDE Frank L. Zelck, Spanish War Veterans 1st Coast Artillery Band, 20 pieces Leslie F. Hunting Camp, United Spanish War Veterans, Commander Edward C. Doland, Commanding 101st Infantry Band, Twenty Pieces Cambridge Post No. 27 American Legion Vice- Commander John D. Crowley, Commanding Corporal RusseU E. Hoyt Post V. F. W. Vice-Commander William Proctor, Commanding Mclnnes' Band Post 30, G. A. R., Commander William Gallagher Post 186, G. A. R., Commander Warren F. Spalding Post 5Q, G. A. R., Commander W. H. H. Howe Post 57, G. A. R., Commander Eben Pratt J. C. Wellington Camp, No. 14, S. of V. Post 56 Camp, S. of V. Daughters of Veterans Women's Relief Corps Ladies of G. A. R. S. of V. Auxiliary Cambridge Fire Department CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 71 SECOND DIVISION Fraternal William J. Fitzgerald, Marshal AIDES Captain Joseph M. Stokes John P. Ryan O'Neil's Band, 20 Pieces Knights of Pythias St. Joseph's Fife and Drum Corps Cambridge Aerie of Eagles Ives' Band Cambridge Lodge of Elks Oriental Band Cambridge Odd Fellows and Rebekahs Alhambra Band Combined Councils Cambridge Knights of Columbus Second Separate National Guard Band Pocahontas Lodge and Waneta Temple, Elks of the World Harvard Lodge, 1542, G. U. O. O. F. Climax Lodge, Knights of Pythias Blessed Sacrament Fife and Drum Corps Blessed Sacrament Cadets Division 31, Ancient Order of Hibernians and Auxiliary Royal Arcanum Cambridge True Blue Orange Lodge Knights of Malta Franco- American Societies 72 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY THIRD DIVISION Civic Harry M. Gerry, Marshal AIDE Lieut. Robert J. McLaughlin 101st Engineers' Band, 20 Pieces Massachusetts Institute of Technology Fr. Mathew Total Abstinence Society Y. M. C. A. Float Salvation Army Band Swedish Societies with Floats and Band Massachusetts Division of Blind Diazz Band Italian Societies White Eagle Pohsh Band United Polish Societies Sons and Daughters of Liberty Liberty and Portuguese Bands United Portuguese Societies The Lithuanian Liberty Band United Lithuanian Societies Lafayette Band Armenian Society Chinese Float Boy Scouts of America Inman Sq. Catholic Society CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 73 FOURTH DIVISION Women's Mrs. Wayland M. Minot, Marshal AIDES Miss Gladys Hanna Captain James B. Casey Boston Fusilier Band Sargent School Girls Radcliffe College Girls Estella Hatch Auxiliary No. 27 United Spanish War Veterans Women's Auxihary, Cambridge Post, No. 27, American Legion American Chapter, Bed Cross St. Omar Temple, Pythian Sisters Court Louise, Cathohc Daughters of America Court La Rabida, Catholic Daughters of America Cambridge Training School for Nurses Barry's Band, 20 Pieces Girl Scouts of America Y. W. C. A. and the Margaret Fuller House Branch, Y. W. C. A. New England Order of Protection Twelfth Lincoln Lodge, No. 43, Home Benefit Association Cambridge Women's Club Ruth Fielding Child Players' League Nellie Ferguson's Pupils St. Mary's Branch, I. N. F. Charlesgate Hospital Nurses 74 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY FIFTH DIVISION Municipal Michael E. Fitzgerald, Marshal AIDES Lieut. Elmer Tapley James Dugan Waltham Watch Band, 20 Pieces School Children of City of Cambridge Charles F. Hurley, of School Committee, in charge High and Latin School Rindge Technical Continuation School Wellington School Kelley School Thorndike School Morse School Harvard School Haggerty School Agassiz School Russell School Elhs School Strachan's Band, 20 Pieces Houghton School Peabody School Fletcher School Putnam School Webster School Roberts School Parochial Schools of City of Cambridge Cambridge City Home Float City Departments Teachers' Club Float Cambridge Public Library Float CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 75 SIXTH DIVISION Industries and Trades Mr. George M. Gray, Marshal aides Nathaniel F. P. Nichols Ernest F. Stockwell Howard Stockwell Warren's Post No. 68 G. A. R. Band, 20 Pieces W. A. Mason & Sons, Surveyors, Float Inman Trust, Float Cambridge Electric Light Co., Float Cambridge Gas Light Co., Float Boston Structural Steel, Truck with Riveter NeapoKtan Ice Cream, Float N. E. Telephone, Float General Motors Service Company, Automobile Worthington Pump (Blake & Knowles), Two Trucks Cunningham Bros., Float Barbour- Stockwell, Decorated Teams John P. Squire & Co. John Boggs, Grocers, Decorated Team C. F. Hathaway Co., Float and Band C. Brigham, Decorated Truck and Horse-Drawn Team Mason & Hamlin, Two Decorated Trucks 76 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY Dover Stamping Company, Decorated Trucks Nelson's Department Store, Float Standard Oil Company, Four Decorated Trucks Representing Four Classes of Industry Peter Gray & Sons Company, Float E. & R. Laundry, Decorated Truck Ward Baking Company, Decorated Delivery Trucks Wilson & Company, Three-Horse Display Wagon Flash Chemical Company Ernest Flentje Ford Motor Company Coleman Bros., Two Horse-Drawn Decorated Wagons Eliot Addressograph Company Irving & Casson & A. H. Davenport Company Swift & Company, Trucks Boston Confectionery Company Carr Fastener Company Penn Metal Company Fleischmann Company Cambridge Laundry Potter Confectionery Company New England Confectionery Company Gold Medal Flour Judges of Parade Alfred F. Burke, Director of Art, Cambridge Public Schools Prof. Charles E. Bellatty, Boston University Col. Thomas F. Brown, Faneuil CAMBKIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 77 THE PRIZE WINNERS It was a difficult and embarrassing task for the judges to select prize winners out of the many excel- lent displays in line. Comment was universal in ad- miration of their judgment. It may be here oppor- tunely said, by way of parenthesis, that a most happy occasion took place on Thursday evening of the fol- lowing week when Mayor Quinn, at City Hall, before a large gathering, presented the prizes to rep- resentatives of the various winning organizations. First Division Best Float, Spanish War Veterans. Cup accepted by Ehner C. Coolbrith. Best Showing, American Legion. Cup accepted by Vice-Commander John D. Crowley. Honorable Mention, Cambridge Fire Department. Second Division Best Float, Knights of Columbus. Cup accepted by District Deputy John C. Haverty. Best Showing, Blessed Sacrament Cadets. Cup accepted by Rev. John A. Butler. Best Showing, Pocahontas Lodge, Colored Elks. Cup accepted by Exalted Ruler John W. Jackson. Honorable Mention, Cambridge Lodge of Elks. Third Division Best Float, Swedish Societies. Cup accepted by Herbert W. Ekmark. Best Showing, Swedish Societies. Cup accepted by Herbert W. Ekmark. Honorable Mention, Itahan Float Dante. 78 cambridge seventy-five years a city Fourth Division Best Float, Cambridge Training School for Nurses. Cup accepted by their Superintendent, Miss Jenness Hall. Best Showing, Sargent School Girls. Cup accepted by Miss Mary C. Dillon. Honorable Mention, St. Omar Temple, Pythian Sisters. Honorable Mention, Court Louise, CathoHc Daugh- ters of America. Honorable Mention, New England Order of Protection. Fifth Division Best Float, Cambridge Continuation School. Cup accepted by Director James Dugan. Best Showing, Bindge Technical School. Cup accepted by Principal John W. Wood. Honorable Mention, Harvard School. Honorable Mention, St. Mary's Parochial School. Honorable Mention, Teachers' Club Float. Honorable Mention, Americanization Section. Sixth Division Best Float, N. E. Tel. & Tel. Co. Cup accepted by George A. Gore. Best Showing, Ward Baking Co. Cup accepted by A. M. Gibson. Honorable Mention, Inman Trust Co. Float. SPECIAL PRIZE (Silver Shield) Awarded to the Combined Lodges of Odd Fellows, the Organization Having the Largest Number in Line. "^ice#resibent^peakg at tKecijnologp It was a tired but satisfied army that marched proudly by the Vice-President of the United States, Calvin Coolidge, as he stood surrounded by digni- taries of state and city, including the popular pres- ence of the army in the person of Major General Edwards, with the stately pile of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a background and the flowing Charles in the foreground of the picture. The Vice-President had shown a pleased interest in the events of the day and his scholarly address spoken to the multitude which stood in the broad parkway was couched in strong, simple and moving language, so excellent a quality in the equipment of the man. Address of Vice-President Following Parade "This is a day well set apart for remembering that Cambridge has been a city for three-quarters of a century. It is a day on which we well may mark humble beginnings, made in sacrifice and uncertainty, which have run a triumphant course. This is Colum- bus Day. It may be that other Europeans had been here before the tiny fleet that bore the great admiral, but he was the first in making a true voyage of dis- covery, the first in definitely and permanently reveal- ing to civilization the existence of a new world, a high purpose, daringly executed, which has set its im- perishable mark on more than half of the western hemisphere. Those who followed in his wake one hundred and thirty-eight years later were likewise discoverers, who have given to the world the revela- tion of a greater country, a mightier empire, which lay within the soul of man. It was a people with this 79 80 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY purpose who founded Cambridge, nourished and sup- ported it with their devotion, saw it grow in strength and finally become merged in the great expression of their inspired efforts, the American nation. The development of that romance which we call history entered a new phase on that October day in 1492 over which the City of Cambridge was to cast a mighty and enduring influence. "This city is the result of that greater Puritan exodus which began in 1630 which first brought the company of which John Winthrop was Governor to the shores of Massachusetts Bay. They were no ordinary men who agreed at Cambridge, England, on August 26, 1629, to engage in this great adven- ture. Into it they put their fortunes and their lives. They proposed to inhabit and continue in New Eng- land and further stipulated that the whole govern- ment ... be legally transferred and established to remain with us and others which shall inhabit said plantation. Under this charter the colony remained an independent republic for fifty-four years. When the conditions around the first settlement at Charles- town were found inadequate, and the location too exposed to attack from sea, in the dispersal which followed in 1631, a settlement (intended to be the seat of the government), was made within the limits of the present city under the name of Newtowne. Here the Governor, John Winthrop, Deputy Gov- ernor Thomas Dudley and one of the assistants, Simon Bradstreet, built houses and the general court met here and in Boston for some years. But a higher power than the agreement of men had decreed that the chief authority to be vested here in the years to come should be not over the political domain of a colony but over the mightier domain of science, letters, and of arts. "The following year there came to the town the I f^M2 ¥.A h n J J -^ Blessed Sacrament Cadets Young Men's Christian Association Massachusetts Division of Blind Italian Societies vSwEDisH Societies Float, Swedish Societies Chinese Float Spanish War Veterans' Auxiliary CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 81 Braintree congregation, soon to be joined by their great minister, Thomas Hooker. When this congre- gation removed to Hartford soon after, their places were taken by Thomas Shepard, a minister, who was to exercise great influence, and his comrades who had lately come across the seas. The settlement was firmly established now with four or five hundred people, the church organized and town ordinances in effect. "This year was a memorable one. An early report states one of the next things we longed for and looked after was to advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity, dreading to have an illiterate ministry to the churches when our present ministers shall lie in dust. Therefore, under the governorship of Sir Harry Vane — soon to be displaced by Winthrop for his sympathy with Mrs. Hutchinson — at a most im- portant election held on Newtowne Common, in order that 'the Commonwealth be furnished with knowing and understanding men and the churches with an able ministry,' on October 28, 1636, the general court 'agrees to give 400 pounds toward a school or college — whereof 200 pounds shall be paid the next year and 200 pounds when the work is finished.' The next year the general court voted that the college 'is or- dered to be at Newtowne and that ISTewtowne shall henceforth be called Cambridge.' When the effort seemed likely to fail, John Winthrop relates that it pleased God to stir up the heart of one John Harvard, a godly gentleman and lover of learning then living among us, to bequeath the one half of his estate, in all about 700 pounds, toward the erection of the college, and all his library. In recognition of this gift, in 1638 the general court provided that the col- lege at Cambridge be called Harvard College. In the same year a printing press arrived, which was soon to be an appendage to Harvard College, where 82 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY the first book printed in America was struck off, a metrical version of the Psalms for religious use. In 1640 Henry Dunster became president and in '42 Governor Winthrop recorded that 'Nine bachelors commenced at college . . . and . . . gave good proof of their proficiency in the tongues and arts.' "These were a people with a great genius for civil and religious government. The First General Coun- cil of Churches was held in Cambridge in 1637 and here in 1646 met the synod which adopted the Cam- bridge platform. Under it the churches were gov- erned for a long time to come. The Massachusetts Body of Liberties, being the code of laws of the colony, was adopted in 1641. This was followed in two years by the New England Confederation. One of the Massachusetts commissioners who negotiated and signed it was Thomas Dudley of Cambridge. This was the first step toward a federal constitution. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, often called the first written constitution that created a government, were not without a Cambridge tinge, for it owed its being to the teachings of that Thomas Hooker who went from here with his congregation to Hartford. If we include with these the Mayflower compact of 1620, here are six New England produc- tions of the fundamental principles of government within a space of twenty-six years which rank with all the great charters of history. They were not yet in the form of finished product, but they embody the principles of freedom, of independence, of personal security, and of confederated government, under the protection of constitution and public law. The im- portant influence of Cambridge went into this great work. "When we consider that all this was accomplished by a little handful of men, beset by hostile savages CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 83 on one hand and by a hostile home government on the other, burdened by the necessity of hewing out a* home in a wilderness of severe climate and difficult soil, their achievement rises into one of the great heroisms of history. "They were not only a great people, they were greatly led. The principal citizen of Cambridge was Thomas Dudley, who came at a mature age as deputy governor. He had fought at the siege of Amiens under King Henry of Navarre. He was a man of the world, experienced in the management of large business enterprises, in public office more than twenty years and four times Governor. The charter of Harvard College granted in 1650 is signed Thomas Dudley, Governor. Simon Bradstreet was another one of the founders of the town who rose to be Gov- ernor. But the life of the colony was influenced by the clergy in a way difficult for us to comprehend. The religious life of these days was much more promi- nent than it has since been. It was the main reason which had driven these people across the sea. One of the first ministers of Cambridge was Thomas Hooker. The term of his ministry was not long, but of an intensity which reached into the centuries. Here and at Hartford he was the foremost expounder of Congregationalism in the church and democracy in the state. Preaching before the General Court at Hart- ford in 1638 he brought out with great strength and clearness the principles which have guided the mak- ing of the American nation. He was followed by Thomas Shepard, who preached for twelve years. A man of piety, tact and grace, if Hooker has set his mark on church and state, Shepard has set his on education. It was his presence in this town that caused it to be the location of the college and he was one of the committee of six magistrates and six clergymen who were chosen to establish it. The moral 84 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAKS A CITY power of these two men still teaches in every school- house, speaks in every town meeting, sits in every legislative assembly, and inspires all who seek for freedom through a knowledge of the truth. "There is added to these a fourth, not a clergyman but a scholar and an associate of clergymen, not a resident of Cambridge, but its greatest benefactor, the promoter of learning, John Harvard. His figure is at once a romance and a reality. Connected witlj Stratford-on-Avon, he links the college with Shake- speare, who certainly knew his family both in the Warwickshire village and in London town. Edu- cated at Emmanuel, he connects the college with Milton, who was with him in the university. He emigrated to Charlesto^vn in 1637 and died the next year. The legacy which he left gave to the college both a local habitation and a name. To him it gave immortality. He estabhshed on this continent the commonwealth of letters. The Puritan laid the foundation of the state in righteousness and the foun- dation of democracy in learning. "Resting on these never to be shaken principles, the college, the town and the colony increased in strength together, preparing for those days which were to determine whether the civilization of the new world had the strength and the determination to go forward or whether it should fall back into the easy ways of dependence and of servitude. A considerable number of fine residences were built here where men in the business and professional world of the day made their homes. Some of these most stately man- sions were afterwards to bear the unsavory name of Tory Row. In 1720 Massachusetts Hall, which is still standing, was built by the province, another stronghold of freedom in an institution which in the coming years was to find that being loyal to the truth was being rebel to the king. CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY 85 "When the test came Cambridge joined Boston in resisting the unlawful impositions of the home gov- ernment. When General Gage removed the powder and cannon belonging to the province from Somer- ville the militia of the countryside came into Cam- bridge and forced Lieutenant-Governor Oliver and Councillors Danforth and Lee to resign the offices which they held under a royal warrant in September, 1774. The following month saw the first provincial congress assembled in the Cambridge meeting house. This congress withdrew the colony from the royal authority and set up a government of its own. They provided for raising and equipping a military force. This Massachusetts declaration was made in October, 1774. "It was these preparations that made the colony ready for the reception which was to be given the British at Lexington and Concord on the 19th of the next April. Their way lay through Cambridge on that memorable day and the severest fighting took place within her borders. It has been estimated that within forty-eight hours there were ten thousand militiamen in Cambridge. As the patriots came in the Tory population went out. Their jQne residences were soon occupied by the commanding officers. It was from Cambridge camp on the night of June 16th that fifteen hundred of these men, carrying the bless- ing of the venerable President Langdon, set forth for Bunker Hill and immortality. In the meantime, the Continental Congress had declared these forces in the field to be a Continental army and made Wash- ington its commander-in-chief. Here on the 3rd of July, under the elm which has since borne his name, he not only took command of the army, but took direction of the revolution which was to be won, but won only by his determination, his courage and his unerring judgment. His residence here with Mrs. 86 CAMBEIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY Washington at Craigie house until the following spring is distinction enough for any American city. "Here he organized an army. He held the British forces closer and closer in Boston until General Knox, bringing on sleds the cannon which Ethan Allen had captured at Ticonderoga, suppHed the artillery with which he fortified Dorchester Heights, compelling the evacuation of Boston on the 17th of March, 1776. "Before the fate of the Revolution had been deter- mined there convened in the Cambridge meeting house in September, 1779, as a worthy successor of the Provincial Congress the convention which was to adopt the Declaration of Rights and the Frame of Government which has since been the constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It is a most notable document demonstrating that what had been planned and hoped under the leadership of men from Emmanuel College in the old Cambridge in the early days of the 17th century, would be realized and per- formed under the leadership of men from Harvard College in the new Cambridge in the latter days of the 18th century. "The war swept over Cambridge, leaving on it for many a day the stern imprint of a military camp. The outward signs have been swept away. Fort Washing- ton remains, part of the fortification, and at Soldiers' Monument are two of the cannon brought from Ticonderoga. The great company are gone, soldiers and statesmen of the Revolution. The nest of sedi- tion which had bred patriots in war bred leaders in peace. The mansions of the Tories now held Amer- icans. The Vassall house, where Washington had headquarters, was the home of Longfellow. The Oliver house, where a hospital was provided during the siege, became the home of Elbridge Gerry, a signer of the Declaration, Governor and Vice-Presi- CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 87 dent, and here was born and lived James Russell Lowell. While in the old Hastings house, the head- quarters of General Ward, where Bunker Hill was planned, where Warren spent his last night on earth, from whose door went forth President Langdon to bless the patriot cause, was born Oliver Wendell Holmes. The list of great men grew with the growth of Cambridge. "Such was the background of that old town which became a new city in 1846. This was the beginning of a new era. The ways of the eighteenth century were gone. One of your native sons. Colonel Thomas Wentworth Higginson, tells us that Mr. Sales, the Franco- Spanish teacher who lived till 1854, had cue and hair powder; Dr. Popkin, who died in 1852, wore the last of the cocked hats. There was a new spirit of science and of literature, a new age of invention and of commerce. But commerciahsm did not overwhelm this city. It prospered, but it kept its ideals. Where the regicides, Whalley and Goffe, had found a re- fuge, where was reared that son of Harvard, John Russell, who harbored them so long at Hadley, the fires of freedom still burned, the rights of man were not regarded as a vision but as a practical reality. Here it was still believed that justice between man and man was to be not merely a sentimental dream but a rule of action by which to live. They knew that freedom was only for those who were always alert to maintain it by their sacrifices. "It was from this city there came the first company enrolled in response to Lincoln's call. The summons came late in the night. The next morning Captain Richardson's company reported at the State House to Governor Andrew, — great grandson of another captain who was on the staff of General Wolfe when he fell on the plains of Abraham and who was him- self to fall on the glorious 19th of April. Through 88 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY Moses Richardson to James P. Richardson the im- mortal flame came down from sire to son. "While that generous commercial and industrial development which has marked all New England cities has not been wanting here, with it has gone educational development. In response to the demand for higher education for women, Radcliffe College, now closely related to the University, was established and ranks in scholarship and attainments with the best institutions in the land. Here also has lately been located the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology, whose great plant rises from the shores of the Charles, a temple of science and a living monument to the spirit of the Commonwealth. "Cambridge has become more than a city. As the college became a university, the town has become a metropolis. The pursuit of learning predominates, but the multitude of worthy actions which support modern civilization are all represented here. The ancient spirit lives. That same loyalty to truth which sent the Puritan into the wilderness, supported the Revolution and destroyed slavery, emptied alike her houses of industry and the halls of learning in the last great conflict between freedom and despotism. "They followed the truth. In what other words could we better tell the story of Columbus and his mariners, what more accurately describes the Puri- tans, what prouder designation could be borne by Americans? True discoverers have been coming all the time since 1492, true Puritans all the time since 1630. Cambridge is not merely a place and a name, it is an ideal. Colmnbus did not discover it. The Puritan did not found it. None can exclusively ap- propriate it. It has been from everlasting to ever- lasting. The City of Cambridge means that the people within her borders have lived by it. They CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 89 have followed the truth. That is science. That is art. That is learning. That alone is civilization." Preceding this great feature, Mayor Quinn had opened the meeting with an introductory speech, brief and felicitous. Congressman Frederick W. Dallinger expressed the pleasure and inspiration of the day in words of eloquence. President of the Council, James T. Barrett closed the session with a spirited speech which covered in pointed epitome the philosophy of the day and the occasion. Ci)c panquet Wednesday^ October 12, 1921 Riverbank Court, picturesque and admirably placed on the Charles, now became the scene where Cambridge showed her hospitality and grasped the opportunity to thank all who collaborated to make the event so enduring a success. At the close of the parade a banquet was held at which were present the guests of the day and a group of citizens representing all the varied elements in a cosmopolitan community. The affair was informal and, with Vice-President Coolidge on his right and Congressman Dallinger on his left. Mayor Quinn presented the aspect of a most gracious host. He said in opening: "Mr. Vice-President, Ladies and Gentlemen: This is an occasion for me both rare and fraught with unforgettable memories. It is not given to every chief executive of a city to play a leading role in a celebra- tion so significant as this which is just about to close. What a milestone in the onward march of community progress have we here; of what immeasurable value are the lessons of citizenship involved in this brief pause in the hurly-burly of every day existence, to take an account of stock, to scrutinize ourselves and our community, to discover whether or not we are carrying along the torch of progress so that the next generation may profit by the quality and purpose of our stewardship. "The presence here of the second highest officer of our country happily so placed that in greeting so high an official we welcome a friend, comrade and neigh- bor, enhances the pleasure as it heightens the dignity and significance of the moment. Truly, as you have so simply and eloquently said in your address of an 90 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 91 hour ago, Mr. Vice-President, Cambridge has a high place in the national honor roll. We are citizens of no mean city and the inspiration to do great things lies treasured in the traditions of this compact and cosmopolitan community. If we are inchned to falter in our course, such an occasion as this will re- animate our spirits and put a tongue in the very stones of our streets to cry out upon us to keep the faith of the fathers. The tendency of the times is ever in the drift towards material things and we are often forgetful of the scriptural message that men do not live by bread alone. Things of spiritual appeal are ever held aloft like a banner of the ideal where men and women look upon their duties as members of a community with the same interest and respect with which they contemplate their privileges. Others resident in places less renowned for past worthiness envy us our priceless heritage, and let us see to it that they may have no true occasion to say that we are careless and indifferent in appreciation of the privi- leges we enjoy as members of this historic community." The Vice-President spoke briefly in response to the Mayor, felicitating the city upon a most estimable occasion. In like language of point and brevity, Congressman Dallinger expressed his pleasure in be- ing thought worthy as a son of Cambridge and repre- senting her interests in the national hall of Congress, to be included in so splendid a demonstration of civic pride. President James T. Barrett of the City Council, a man of active mind and exuberant temperament, created a stir (which the Vice-President in his quiet 92 CAMBKIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY way was observed to enjoy with keen zest) in a characteristic address as hereinunder: "Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen: It was most inspir- ing today to witness the parade which brought our 75th anniversary as a city to a close. All the more so when we realize that the vast majority who parti- cipated in our memorable celebration are those who are unable to trace their lineage in this country farther back than a generation or two, yet, from their manifestations today, who will question that they are willing to be numbered as patriots or who more zeal- ous in displaying their ardent love for our country, its institutions and our beloved city. "We ought to feel proud of a municipality that turns out such a high type of citizenship for, aftep all, in the words of one of our distinguished philoso- phers, 'A nation is not measured by the size of cities, the fertiUty of its soil, by the wealth of its harvest or its bountiful crops, but by the citizens that the nation turns out.' And what is applicable to nations and states the same may justly apply to cities. In the line of parade today we have witnessed in the makeup of that vast procession, the sons and daughters of every clime in God's great universe, all hving to- gether as brothers and sisters in amity and peace. "In Cambridge, since its inception as a city, the greatest charity between Catholics and Protestants, Jews and Gentiles, has ever been observed. We have sat side by side in the same schools and universities, entered into friendly competition in commercial pur- suits and fought side by side in battle and political CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 93 strife, have gone hand in hand in the noble work of charity, patriotism, good government and citizenship, good- will and toleration, each justly granting to the other perfect freedom of conscience and of worship according to each, his inherited belief. "This example is one of which the citizens of om* beloved municipality are proud, and you, Mr. Vice-President, holding the second highest office within the gift of the people, you who have honored us by your presence this afternoon, will, I know, be pleased to impart and inculcate what we regard our highest civic virtue to other cities which I know you intend to honor by your presence and advice. "From a patriotic standpoint Cambridge has been foremost in fighting for freedom; from the over- throwing of the yoke of our original oppressors, to the glorious days when we purged our Southern breth- ren from the sin of slavery, clipping the last remnant of European oppression from the grateful Isle of Cuba, to the victory of the late World War, she stands as an inspiring figure for justice and righteousness. "I think one of the finest tributes paid to the multifold blood of our citizenship fused in the great crucible of American ideals, and one which will be entirely in keeping with the celebration that we are now bringing to a close, was written by James W. Foley of New York. It has pith, wit, truth and com- prehension and it is couched in serviceable poetry. Will you indulge me in its recital? It is entitled: 94 CAMBKIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY YANKS "O'Leary from Chicago, and a first-class fighting man Born in County Clare or Kerry where the gentle art began, Sergeant Denis P. O'Leary from somewhere on Archie Road Dodging shells and smelling powder while the battle ebbed and flowed. "And the captain says : 'O'Leary, from your fighting company Pick a dozen fighting yankees and come skirmishing with me ; Pick a dozen fighting devils, for I know it's you who can.' And, O'Leary, he saluted like a first-class fighting man. "O'Leary's eye was piercing, and O'Leary's voice was clear; 'Dimetri Georgeoupoulos !' and Dimetri answered 'here.' Then 'Viadimir Slaminsky' step three paces to the front. For we're wanting you to join us in a little Heinie hunt !' " 'Garibaldi Ravioli,' Garabaldi was to share And 'Ole Axel Kettelson' and 'Thomas Scalp-the-Bear' ! Who was a Choctaw by inheritance, bred in the blood and bones But set down in army records by the name of Thomas Jones. " 'Van Winkle Schulyer Stuyvesant' ! Van Winkle was a bud From the ancient tree Stuyvesant and had it in his blood ! 'Don Miguel de Colombo!' Don Miguel's next of kin Were across the Rio Grande when Don Miguel went in. " 'Ulysses Grant O'Sheridan !' 'Ulysses' sire you see Had been at Appomattox near the famous apple tree; And 'Patrick Michael Casey!' Patrick Michael you can tell Was a fighting man by nature with three fighting names as well. " 'Joe Wheeler Lee I' and Joseph had a pair of fighting eyes And his grand-dad was a Johnny as perhaps you might surmise ; Then 'Robert Bruce MacPherson' and the Yankee squad was done, With 'Isaac Abie Cohen' once a lightweight champion. "Then O'Leary paced them forward and says he : 'You Yanks fall in.' And he marched them to the Captain, 'Let the skirmishing begin.' Says he 'The Yanks are coming!' and you beat them if you can, And saluted like a soldier and a first-class fighting man." CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY 95 Captain Ralph Robart, soldier and citizen, decor- ated on the fields of France for bravery in action and who was Chief Marshal of the parade, was called upon to voice the soldier sentiment. He spoke diffi- dently and with a hesitant modesty, words that indi- cated less the glib orator than the true soldier. The staunch Cambridge spirit of an elder day shone in the brief address of Mrs. Famiie Hazen who served in the Civil War as a nurse. Wednesday^ October 12, 1921 Among the episodes of the 75th Anniversary of the City of Cambridge were the two road races. The first one, for boys under eighteen years of age, was over the following course: Start City Hall, to Putnam Square, Mt. Auburn Street to Boylston Street, to Parkway, to Magazine Street, to Massachusetts Avenue, to City Hall, a distance of about three miles. Thirty-eight boys entered, 22 took part, and the best time was made by John Murphy, 18 minutes, ISVs seconds. The first sixteen finished in the following order: 1. John Murphy 2. B. J. Starr 3. Douglas Whitehouse 4. Leslie Southard 5. Charles Anthony 6. R. J. Sullivan 7. John Skotz 8. James Forsythe 9. Anthony Magro 10. Theodore Neale 11. George Lordan 12. William Squires 13. Ernest Kaye 14. Samuel Skotz 15. Frank Scott 16. Walter Clayton 96 Sargent School Girls Radcliffl College Girls Cambridge Training School for Nurses Girl Scouts of America Erin to Columbia Cambridge Chapter of Red Cross Home Benefit Association and Young Women's Christian Assoclation New England Order of Protection CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 97 The big race of the afternoon was the handicap road race under the sanction of the New England A. A. U. The course of this race was as follows: Start at City Hall, Massachusetts Avenue, to North Cambridge Car Barns, to Harvard Square, to Boyl- ston Street and Parkway, to Parkway and Massa- chusetts Avenue, at Harvard Bridge, up Massachu- setts Avenue, finish at City Hall. Thirty-three men entered, 27 men took part. The best time was made by A. L. Flanders of M. I. T., 43 minutes, 50 sec- onds. The distance was 8j miles. The first sixteen men finished in the following order: 1. W. F. Brooks, St. A. A. A. 2. M. J. Daley, St. A. A. A. 3. C. H. Reycroft, Camb. Y. 4. G. W. Lyons, St. A. A. A. 5. A. L. Flanders, M. I. T. 6. Elbridge Stevens, St. A. A. A. 7. G. Salamme, D. C. 8. C. W. A. Linder, B. A. A. 9. A. Dewhurst, Lawrence Y. 10. J. Dacey, St. A. A. A. 11. Ed. Lyons, D. C. 12. S. Mirangeas, Boston Y. 13. J. Mclver, D. C. 14. F. W. Boohower, Camb. Y. 15. G. Costarakis, D. C. 16. Stanley P. Davee The Committee in charge of the races were J. Frank Facey and J. W. Waters, representmg the New England A. A. U. The men reported and dressed at the Cambridge Y. M. C. A. The road races furnished much interest, as the route was lined 98 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY with people all along the way, particularly Massachu- setts Avenue, from M. I. T. to City Hall. Prizes were given as follows: In the boys' race, a handsome silver cup to 1st, 2nd and 3rd, and a souvenir medal with the Cambridge city seal to the next ten boys. In the men's race, the first three prizes were gold watches; the next three prizes, beautiful silver cups with the city seal on each, and to the next ten men, medals with the city seal on them. deception at Citp ?|aU The celebration closed Wednesday evening with a public reception held at City Hall, which was attended by thousands of citizens and their families. Mayor Quinn, Congressman Dallinger, President of the City Council Barrett and other dignitaries stood in line interchanging felicitations with their fellow- citizens. Satisfaction over the event was the univer- sal theme and not a discordant note had been struck to mar the symphonic harmony of a celebration that reflected credit on all concerned in its management. The higher value will be appraised in the aftermath. The spectacle is over; the curtain has fallen; the audience dispersed. Has the lesson of the celebration been brought home to the minds and bosoms of the people? Are they any stronger in devotion to the cause of civic righteousness? Will Cambridge men and women give to a larger extent serious thought to community business as a vital concern to all? Are the alien residents here more interested to take an ac- tive part in city life than formerly because of the inspiration engendered by the celebration? Will those who are native here take a renewed interest in the home city animated by a latent and laudable pride in keeping Cambridge in the vanguard? If not, the celebration just closed lacks body, inspiration, spirit; is a thing of naught, the Dead Sea fruit of dust and ashes, futile for good, a thing that crumbles at the touch. Time alone will tell and the children of this gener- 99 100 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY ation, when observing the 100th anniversary of Cam- bridge as a city, in 1946, will place a truer estimate on the stewardship of the present era than it is pos- sible to gather at this time. The duty of the hour is to so live and labor for Cambridge in the year 1921 and the years that are to follow as to merit the applause of 1946. SUumination of Citp ^all Not the least in originality among the celebration features was the illumination of the City Hall front which, for fine effect and simplicity of method, was the theme of much admiring comment. Powerful reflectors were secreted in the lawn shrubbery which threw a steady flood of light upon the brownstone face of the Hall enhancing the unusual coloring of the stone to a remarkable degree. City Electrician Timothy C. O'Hearn was respon- sible for this unique display. Through the courtesy of D. E. Cogan, a lighting expert of the General Electric Company, he was enabled to obtain a suffi- cient number of projectors, searchlights and other necessary equipment. The volume of illumination was equivalent to about 11,500,000 candle power. The intensity of light is about 550 foot candles. A conception of what this intensity means may be ob- tained from the fact that ordinary lighting in build- ings ranges from 2 to 5 foot candles. Sntiiteir (iuesfts in tfje ^arabe Automobile containing Vice-President Calvin Coo- lidge. Mayor Edward W. Quinn and City Messenger Frank Montgomery. Automobile containing Congressman Frederick W. Dallinger, President James T. Barrett and Ex- Mayor Walter C. Ward well. Automobile containing General Clarence R. Ed- wards, Chaplain Michael J. O'Connor, Major Hyatt, Aide to General Edwards, and Secretary Daniel J. Toomey. Automobile containing Major Walker, representing Gov. Channing Cox; Col. Edward Gihon, Richard R. Flynn and Mayor's Secretary,. Edward A. Counihan. Automobile containing Councillor William M. Hogan, Senator George H. Carrick, Rep. Julius Myers and Ex-Mayor William F. Brooks. Automobile containing Councillor Frank J. Lehan, Rep. James H. Kelleher and Ex-Mayor Charles H. Thurston. Automobile containing Councillor John P. Good and Rep. Clarence P. Kidder. Automobile containing Councillor John J. Mc- Carthy, Mayor Philip E. Brady of Attleboro, Rep. Ralph R. Stratton and Ex-Mayor Timothy W. Good. Automobile containing Councillor Harold M. Brad- bury, Mayor Walter H. Creamer of Lynn, Rep. Arthur K. Reading and Frank M. Stearns. Automobile containing Councillor Charles H. Shea, Hon. Edward A. Counihan, Jr., and Sheriff John R. Fairbairn. 101 102 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY Automobile containing Councillor James E. Mahler, Rev. Thomas Coughlin, Ex-City Solicitor Gil- bert A. A. Pevey and George B. Williams. Automobile containing Councillor Arthur Drink- water, Rev. RajTnond Calkins and Assistant Clerk of Committees Albert T. Doyle. Automobile containing Councillor Daniel P. Leahy ,i Edmund Reardon and Albert M. Barnes. Automobile containing Councillor Hugh G. Ander- son and Rev. William F. Dussault, Chaplain House of Representatives. Automobile containing Councillor Roland E. Brown, Charles A. Flanagan and Walter W. McMeni- men. Automobile containing Councillor Franklin H. Wright and Warren F. Spalding. Automobile containing Frederick H. Burke, City Clerk; Hon. Frank Leveroni, Mrs. Fanny T. Hazen and Hon. Camillo Camera. Automobile containing Thomas Conrick, Assistant City Clerk; Colonel Thomas F. Brown, Prof. Charles E. Bellatty and Alfred E. Burke. appreciations That the significance of Cambridge's 75th civic an- niversary was felt in a keenly appreciative way in high quarters, was indicated in the number of hearty, re- sponsive letters received by His Honor Mayor Ed- ward W. Quinn after the celebration from many of the distinguished guests. Sincerity and verbal apt- ness is disclosed in all, none less so than that from the chief guest of the event. His Excellency Vice-Presi- dent Calvin Coolidge. The following communications make an excellent contribution to the literature of the celebration, en- hancing in a personal way the historical interest of the occasion. Not alone are these epistles readable, but as a mat- ter of historical record, the public letter of thanks to the people of Cambridge sent out by His Honor Mayor Edward W. Quinn, and the editorial utter- ances by the newspapers following the exercises, are worthy a place in the official volume. THE VICE-PRESIDENT'S CHAMBER Washington October 14, 1921. Hon. Edward W. Quinn, City Hall, Cambridge, Mass. My dear Mr. Mayor: For the very great hospitality extended to me by you, in behalf of the citizens of Cambridge, I wish to express my very great appreciation. I feel very con- fident that the civic pride awakened by your splendid celebration will have a most desirable effect on the welfare of your famous City. 103 104 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY Be sure and let us know when you are in Washing- ton, in order that Mrs. Coohdge and I may be sure to see you. Very truly yours, Calvin Coolidge. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts executive department State House, Boston October 14, 1921. Hon. Edward W. Quinn, Mayor of Cambridge, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dear Mr. Mayor: After your busy week it is good of you to -svrite your kind letter of October 13th, which you may be sure I appreciate. I enjoyed my visit to Cambridge on Sunday and my only regret arises from the fact that I could not see your wonderful demonstration of civic pride on Wednesday. I was kept in Boston until half past twelve and thought it would be useless to come to Cambridge at that time. Please accept my congratulations upon your suc- cessful celebration and believe me. Sincerely yours, Channing H. Cox. Cambridge, Mass., October 14, 1921. Dear Mr. Mayor : I want to thank you for the delightful afternoon and a very good dinner last Wednesday. We all re- joiced that the Parade was of such a high class and thoroughly successful. Best wishes. Yours sincerely, Ernest M. Paddock. CAMBKIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 105 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U. S. Committee on Elections No. 1 Washington, D. C. October 14, 1921. Hon. Edward W. Quinn, Mayor, Cambridge, Mass. Dear Mr. Mayor : On my return to Washington from attending the 75th Anniversary Celebration of incorporation of Cambridge as a City I find your kind favor of the 13th instant. Please permit me to congratulate you most sin- cerely for the splendid way in which the celebration was conducted. I think, also, that the citizens of Cambridge are to be congratulated for the interest taken in the celebra- tion, without which its success would have been impossible. May we hope that this anniversary may tend to give to the good citizens of Cambridge a fitting appre- ciation of her glorious past, and may it urge them to continue to strive to keep her in the enviable place she holds among American citizens in the arts, the sciences, and in business. Yours very sincerely, Frederick W. Dallinger. Cambridge, Mass., October 12, 1921. My dear Mayor Quinn : I am writing to congratulate you on the entire suc- cess of your plans for the celebration of the Cam- bridge 75th Anniversary, and to thank you for your personal courtesies to me. Yours cordially, Raymond Calkins. 106 CAMBKIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH Central Square Cambridge, Mass. Rev. William D. Goblle, Pastor 16 EUery Street October 13, 1921. Mayor Edward W. Quinn, My dear Mr. Mayor : This is just a line to tell you how much impressed I was over the celebration yesterday. As a recent citizen of Cambridge, I was deeply interested in the entire day. As I saw the Italians, the Polanders, the Armenians, the Lithuanians and others, it seemed to me that we should all do everything we can to induce these peoples to become genuine Americans. I congratulate you on the success of the day. If at any time there is any way I can serve the City, or lead my church in any helpful way for the good of the City, I wish you to know that I am ready. Cordially, William D. Goble. THE SARGENT SCHOOL FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION Cambridge 38, Mass. October 18, 1921. Hon. Edward W. Quinn, Mayor, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dear Mr. Quinn: On behalf of the Sargent School girls, I want to thank you very much for your appreciative letter of October 14th. I enjoyed the anniversary parade very much, and was very glad to render this service to the city. Very sincerely yours, D. A. Sargent. CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 107 UNITED STATES STEEL PRODUCTS CO. 120 Franklin Street Boston 9, Mass. October 20, 1921. Hon. Edward W. Quinn, City Hall, Cambridge, Mass. My dear Mayor : It was mighty nice of you to write me on the 13th instant, especially when reahzing how busy you un- doubtedly are in cleaning up after the very successful Seventy-fifth Anniversary celebration of your city, and I hasten to assure you that it was a pleasure to be with you that day as the representative of the Gover- nor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Assuring you that I will be very glad, indeed, to see you in my office any time you can conveniently call, I remain. Yours very truly, A. F. Walker. F. W. STEAKNS 140 Tremont Street Boston October 14, 1921. Hon. Edward W. Quinn, Mayor's Office, Cambridge, Mass. My dear Mayor Quinn: You got the start of me. Instead of thanking me for any little thing I was able to do, I had meant to write you, thanking you for a very pleasant day, not the least part of which was making your acquain- tance and that of several other Cambridge gentlemen. I certainly enjoyed myself and I am sure the Vice- President did. Sincerely, F. W. Stearns. 108 CAMBEIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY THE COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION OF BOSTON UNIVERSITY 525 Boylston Street Boston October 17, 1921. Honorable Edward W. Quinn, Mayor of Cambridge, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dear Sir: Thank you for your courteous and thoughtful letter. Please accept my assurance that it was a pleasure to be with you and to try to help make your celebra- tion a success. I heard nothing but praise of the day's events, and I am sure that you and your friends deserve a great deal of credit. Yours very truly, Charles E. Bellatty. CHARLES RIVER ENCAMPMENT, NO. 22 L O. O. F. Friendship Hall, 536 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, Mass. October 14, 1921. Hon. Edward W. Quinn, Dear Mr. Mayor: I am in receipt of your letter of the 13th inst., ex- pressing your thanks to the members of the Odd Fellows of Cambridge. I shall take pleasure in con- veying the same to each Lodge of our Brotherhood. I might add that we are glad of the opportunity to CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 109 express in an humble way our appreciation of the benefits of living in the City of Cambridge. I also wish to express to you and to all in control of the Parade, our pleasure at the very courteous treatment received upon all occasions in connection with the Celebration. I am very sincerely yours, Albert E. Fenety. FRANK LEVERONI SAMUEL L. BAILEN DAVID J. COHEN ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS-AT-LAW 814, 815, 816 Tremont Building Boston 9, Massachusetts October 14, 1921. Hon. Edward W. Quinn, Cambridge, Mass. My dear Mr. Mayor: I have your very kind letter of October 13th. It was indeed a pleasure for me to be with you on the 75th Anniversary of the incorporation of Cambridge as a city. It was a wonderful day and you are to be congratulated on its success. If there is anything that I may be able to assist you in, please command me at any time. Yours very truly, Frank Leveroni. 110 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY MAYOR QUINN ON THE CELEBRATION The celebration in observance of the 75th anniver- sary of the incorporation of Cambridge as a city is over, and has exceeded our fondest expectations. We recognize how materially the newspaper press of Cambridge aided us in every way possible to make the occasion what it was from beginning to end. The celebration, starting as it did with a grand meeting on historic Cambridge Common, under the shade of the Washington Elm, on Sunday, October 9th, addressed by the Governor of the Commonwealth, the Congressman from the 8th District and the Presi- dent of the City Council, was an important event. The historic meeting in Sanders Theatre on Tuesday evening, addressed by eminent historians setting forth the glorious achievements of our city from an historic point of view was an important occasion. The public entertainment, attended by thousands of our people, in the State Armory, where all were permitted to participate in dancing, etc., was very much enjoyed. The climax of the celebration, however, came on Wednesday, October 12th (Columbus Day), when a monster military, civic and industrial parade took place, participated in by the Vice-President of the United States, the Congressman from the District, a representative of the Governor of the Commonwealth, Major-General Clarence R. Edwards, commanding general, First Corps Area; the mayors of many of our neighboring cities and many others prominent in public life. This parade, in which nearly 30,000 took part, was viewed by approximately 500,000 spectators. What a great spectacle this was and what a beneficent effect it must have had on foreign-born citizens, conveying to them in many ways the lessons in loyalty, patriot- ism and enthusiasm because they were part and parcel CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAKS A CITY 111 of it. The big reception given by the Mayor, City Council and heads of departments on Wednesday evening, October 12th, was a grand success. I recognize, too, the great part that the people of Cambridge took in making the celebration the splen- did occasion that it was, and I want to thank them for their participation. Respectfully yours, Edward W. Quinn^ Mayor, THE CELEBRATION (Cambridge Chronicle, October 15, 1921.) The success of the great celebration was due to the hearty co-operation of many organizations and many individuals. There was a time when there seemed to be a lack of interest, and doubts of the result were expressed, but at the end everybody took hold, zea- lously, and the occasion became one of great brilliancy, rarely surpassed by other cities. The rep- resentatives of the city heartily appreciate the re- sponse of the people to their appeal. It reflects great credit upon them as a whole. The transformation of a town into a city is a small event, compared with the founding of a city. It is merely a change in the form of government, and it was made in 1846, as such changes usually are made, because the town had become so large that it was not convenient to have the voters together in one hall to decide what the town should do. Town government, by direct vote of the people, is the ideal form. Gov- ernment by representatives is far less desirable, but necessary when a municipality outgrows the other method. Our celebration called attention to the fact that seventy-five years ago, in advance of most of the other Massachusetts towns, we had outgrown our ability to 112 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY govern ourselves directly, and had been obliged to re- sort to representative government. The real cele- bration was of the subsequent growth — of what we have become. The parade revealed this. It was not a "See Us Grow" advertisement, like that of "boom" cities, but a "See What We Are" spectacle. It was well to have the celebration — that we should see ourselves. The crowds which lined the sidewalks from beginning to end of the route of the procession showed an interest in the affair, not merely as a spec- tacle, but as revelation of the Cambridge of today. Our people do not know themselves. We are busy. We live in our own lives, and few Cambridge people know much of the city as a whole. Even the "neigh- borhood" interest of other days has almost dis- appeared. But everybody took interest in the cele- bration, and went home with a realization of the greatness of Cambridge — and of its bigness, also. CELEBRATION WAS CREDITABLE (Cambridge Tribune, October 15, 1921.) Because of the hearty manner in which the citizens of Cambridge, irrespective of political or other con- siderations, co-operated in their participation of the celebration of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the city, the observance was a grand success and reflected much credit upon the city and her citizens. The speaking on the common on Sunday, the ball in the armory on Tuesday evening, the parade, sports, dinner and reception on Wednesday — tliese nnd all other details passed off smoothly. We were honored and assisted by the presence of such distinguished guests as our vice-president, our governor and our congressman, and they all seemed to sense the real meaning of the occasion. The Sanders Theatre exer- cises, under the auspices of Librarian Cummings and RiNDGE Technical School Jjoys Cambridge Puulic Library School Children Polish Degree Staffs Cambridge Gas Light Co.; Cambridge Electric Light Co. Boston Structural Steel Company R. H. RotiioN New Eng. Tet.. & Tel. Co. Ward Baking Company CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 113 the Cambridge Historical Society, were fitting and played their proper part in the celebration. From a spectacular point of view — as well as from an educational one — the parade was easily the most impressive. The manner in which the different ele- ments in the city rose to the occasion and participated was most encouraging. Special mention can be made of the foreign-born residents, marshaled under the direction of H. M. Gerry, of the Y. M. C. A. But celebrations of anniversaries are, of themselves, of little value. They deal largely with the past, or, at best, somewhat with the present, while it is the future that really counts. As a city, our past is se- cure; our present is not nearly as secure; but the future lies in our own hands. Let us rise to our civic responsibilities and make this future one of which we may be proud! THE CELEBRATION (Cambridge Sentinel, October 15, 1921.) Quite up to the standard of former episodes of a like nature, was the 75th anniversary celebration of Cambridge as a city, which has occupied public inter- est this passing week. Rarely do we of Cambridge realize the significance of our community among the family of cities that dot the map of this broad land. Distance lends enchantment to the view and near- ness dulls the edge of appreciation. , The Bostonian plods his concentrated way from the cradle to the grave and never thinks of climbing the granite stairs of the Bunker Hill Monument. The Athenian busies himself in the market place at the foot of the Acropolis with only an occasional thought, and rarer visit to that world renowned hill, crowned by the Parthenon. 114 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY The modern Roman doubtless takes for granted, like his daily bread, the Forum, St. Peter's, the Sis- tine Chapel, and the countless glories that renown his wonderful city — and most Cambridge folk walk by the Washington Ehn without picturing the great event the old tree commemorates over which hovered the spirit of American nationality. The good that these celebrations do cannot be overestimated. Education is there, the stimulus to think, the intel- lectual urge, to comprehend which men and women have been divinely gifted with the power of reason. The mind was not given to man to be permitted "to hang the rusty armor upon the wall in monumental mockery," but to be exercised wisely for the social progress of the human race. If we will but reflect on this and translate into beneficent action the inspiration to higher community life this passing event should stimulate in the public mind — then may we truly and deservedly say "We are citizens of no mean city," because we shall have risen ourselves to such a rarefied height that the dull, the petty, and the sordid must melt and die away within us. THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY (Cambridge Recorder, October 15, 1921.) Most successful in every detail, as well as finely impressive, studied as a whole, was the city's celebra- tion of its 75th birthday as a municipality, which closed with the great parade of Columbus Day. Within the memory of men and women living took place the civic birthday of Cambridge, which occurred l3y a strange coincidence on March 17, 1846, the same day that Washington forced the evacuation of the British from Boston, just seventy years before. CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 115 Cambridge town in 1776, patriotic to the core, hav- ing driven within the British lines in Boston her tory minority, rejoiced with her brethren across the Charles as the English squadron faded away upon the horizon off Nantasket Roads, just as Boston extended the hand of fellowship to the infant municipality to the west across the river, on that blustering day in March, 1846. What a progressive material change from these two neighboring towns, to the great cosmopolitan com- munities of 1921, and yet spiritually, there is no change, for the forefathers' faith in nationality, law, and democracy still endures. The spirit of " '76" struck the high keynote of the American philosophy of freedom, and the flowing years will see duty nobly done if the flame is ever kept burning. The celebration just observed, is in the nature of a stimulus to this high obligation. (Boston Advertiser, October 13, 1921.) "Of the many beautiful displays seen in the parade yesterday, when Cambridge celebrated her 75th anni- versary as a city, was the float of the Irish section representing the 'Spirit of Robert Emmet to Uncle Sam' and that of 'Erin to Columbia.' 'Uncle Sam' was represented by John P., 'Robert Emmet' by James T., Jr.; 'Erin' by Ehzabeth Clare, and 'Co- lumbia, by Julia Eileen Barrett, the charming chil- dren of the Hon. James T. Barrett of Otis Street, Cambridge. Mr. Barrett is the President of the Cambridge City Council, and one of the leading spirits who was responsible for the success of the celebration. "If applause from the multitude who witnessed the great procession is any criterion his was the most popular display in the entire line of march. In re- sponse to many inquiries, we would state that the in- 116 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY scription on the shield of 'Erin to Columbia' is taken from the poem of John Boyle O'Reilly, 'The Exile of the Gael', which says : "No treason we bring from Erin, nor bring we shame nor guilt ! The sword we hold may be broken, but we have not dropped the hilt! The wreath we bear to Columbia is twisted of thorns, not bays. And the songs we sing are saddened by the thoughts of desolate days ; But the hearts we bring for Freedom are washed in the surge of tears ; And we claim our right by a People's fight outliving a thousand years." Citj> of Camtiribse 30epartmentsi anb poarbs 1921 Executive Department Edward W. Quinn, Mayor. Edward A. Counihan, Mayor's Clerk. City Clerk Department Frederick H. Burke, City Clerk. Thomas J. Conrick, Assistant City Clerk. Treasury Department Henry F. Lehan, City Treasurer and Collector of Taxes. Auditing Department Charles H. Thurston, City Auditor. Clerk of Committees Department Daniel J. Toomey, Clerk of Committees. Albert T. Doyle, Assistant. City Messenger Department A. Frank Montgomery, City Messenger. Henry P. Conroy, Assistant. Law Department Peter J. Nelligan, City Solicitor. Engineering Department Lewis M. Hastings, City Engineer. Thomas P. O'Neil, Superintendent of Sewers. 117 118 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY Building Department Jeremiah F. Downey, Superintendent of Public Buildings and Inspector of Buildings. William D. Collins and William J. O'Connor, Building Inspectors. William A. Ford, Inspector of Plumbing. William J. Stanger, Inspector of Gas Fitting. Daniel F. Owens, Inspector of Elevators. Street Department Edward J. Dunphy, Superintendent of Streets. John H. Holt, Clerk. Health Department BOARD OF HEALTH Elie H. La Pierre, Chairman. Term, three years. Jeremiah S. Sullivan Joseph M. Wadden, M. D. Elie H. La Pierre Simon B. Kelleher, M. D., Medical Inspector. John D. Crowley, Clerk. Walter C. Feeley, M. D., Bacteriologist. William A. ISToonan, M. D., Inspector of Milk and Vinegar. Joseph L. Johnson, Inspector of Provisions. Police Department : John J. McBride, Chief. Fire Department James M. Casey, Chief. City Electrical Department Timothy C. O'Hearn, City Electrician. CAMBKIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 119 Assessors' Department Bernard F. Fallon, Chairman. John C. Haverty, Secretary. Bernard F. Fallon John C. Haverty James J. Casey Inspector of Animals Department David L. Bolger, M. D. V., Inspector of Animals. Bridge Department Francis J. Smith, Bridge Commissioner. Sealer of Weights and Measures Department Felix C. McBride, Sealer. Hugh H. Healey, Deputy Sealer and Inspector. Emery T. Morris, Joseph O'Neil, Deputy Sealers. City Physician William G. Brousseau. Cambridge Planning Board William F. Harris, Chairman Benjamin Roseman Helen Cabot Almy Walter F. Earle Joseph O. Outhier Arthur C. Comey, Consultant. School Committee Mayor Edward W. Quinn, Chairman. Charles F. J. McCue, Vice- Chairman. Charles F. J. McCue Mrs. Jessie W. Brooks Nora J. Driscoll Charles F. Hurley James S. Cassedy Arthur L. Miles Constantine J. Church, Business Agent. Michael E. Fitzgerald, Superintendent of Schools. James Dugan, Assistant Superintendent and Director of Continuation School. 120 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY Fence Viewers Lewis M. Hastings, City Hall. Jeremiah F. Downey, City Hall. Cemetery Department CEMETERY COMMISSIONERS Thomas E. Williams, Chairman. Term, three years. Jeremiah J. Sullivan Eben H. Googins Timothy F. McCarthy John McKenzie Thomas E. Williams George T. Quinn Edward F. Sullivan, Clerk of the Board. Thomas J. Cavanagh, Supt. of the Cemetery. Edward F. Sullivan, Person to Cause to be Properly Interred the Bodies of Soldiers and Sailors. Public Library Department TRUSTEES OF CAMBRIDGE PUBLIC LIBRARY John A. Butler, President. Charles F. J. McCue of School Committee. Citizens at Large: Nellie F. Crowley Edward Redstone Robert E. Young Albert E. Lynch Edward P. Collier John A. Butler Nellie F. Crowley, Secretary. Albert E. Lynch, Treasurer. T. Harrison Cummings, Librarian. City Hospital Department TRUSTEES OF CAMBRIDGE CITY HOSPITAL Charles S. Cahill, Chairman. John J. Quinlan John H. Hurley Charles S. Cahill Isaac McLean Frank F. Rogers. CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 121 Water Works Department CAMBRIDGE WATER BOARD James J. Scully, President. Term, five years. John F. O'Brien John P. Conroy James J. Scully Joseph E. Doherty Bernard E. McDermott Walter H. Harding, Clerk of the Board. Timothy W. Good, Supt. of Water Works. Walter H. Harding, Water Registrar. Park Department PARK COMMISSIONERS John F. Sullivan, President. Term, five years. Stephen H. Harrington AUen W. Jackson Carroll W. Doten John F. Sullivan Dennis F. McCarthy. John F. Donnelly, General Superintendent. Rose E. Manning, Secretary. Sinking Fund Department COMMISSIONERS OF THE SINKING FUND George G. Wright, Chairman. Term, three years. George G. Wright Francis J. Carney Gustavus Goepper Herbert M. Bridey Daniel Cronin Robert S. Knowles William J. Hopkins, Secretary. Henry F. Lehan, Treasurer. 122 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY Election Commission J. Frank Facey, Chairman. J. Frank Facey John P. McCormick Charles J. Wood Harry A. Penniman Harry A. Penniman, Clerk. Overseers of the Poor Department OVERSEERS OF THE POOR John R. McCool, Chairman. Term, five years. Edmund A. Whitman George D. Colgan Leopold Bartel Charles J. Williams Bernard B. Welch George P. O'Brien John R. McCool James E. Finnegan, Secretary. John T. Shea, Superintendent of City Home. Board of Appeal Clarence H. Blackall, Chairman. Term, three years. Clarence H. Blackall (Architect). John B. Byrne (Master Builder). Harry N. Stearns. Board of License Commissioners William F. Brooks, Chairman. James M. Casey, Chief of Fire Department. John J. McBride, Chief of Police Department. City Missionary Bernard J. Brogan. Agent for Committee on Soldiers^ Aid Edward F. Sullivan. Investigators— William F. Boyle, James T. Cox. CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 123 Trustees of the Dowse Institute Francis G. Peabody, President. Edward W. Quinn, Mayor, ex-oficio. James T. Barrett, Pres. of City Council, ecc-oficio. George Howland Cox. Joseph H. Beale, Jr. Francis G. Peabody. Joseph H. Beale, Jr., Secretary and Treasurer. Trustees of the Sanders Temperance Fund Edward W. Quinn, Mayor. James T. Barrett, President of City Council. Frederick H. Burke, City Clerk. Ex-officiis. Trustees of the Bridge Charitable Fund Edward W. Quinn, Mayor. James T. Barrett, President of City Council. John R. McCool, Chairman of Overseers of Poor. Ex-officiis. Civil Service — Labor Division. Harry L. Lincoln, Registration Clerk. Camtiribge Citp Council, 1921 JAMES T. BARRETT President Hugh G. Andekson James T. Barrett Harold M. Bradbury Roland E. Brown Francis D. Coady . Arthur Drink water John P. Good William M. Hogan Daniel P. Leahy . Frank J. Lehan . James P. Mahler John J. McCarthy Charles H. Shea . Horace A. Skilton Franklin H. Wright At Large At Large Ward 6 Ward 5 Ward 3 Ward 9 At Large Ward 2 Ward 11 Ward 1 Ward 4 At Large Ward 8 Ward 10 Ward 7 Frederick H. Burke, City Clerk Daniel J. Toomey, Clerk of Committees A. Frank Montgomery, City Messenger 124 OTagfjinston Communications COPY The White House, Washington. September 9, 1921. My deae Mayor Quinn : Mr. James T. Barrett, President of the City Coun- cil of Cambridge, called upon me yesterday and presented your letter, and he extended to me a very cordial invitation to be present on the occasion of the observance of the Seventy-fifth anniversary of the Incorporation of Cambridge as a city. I very greatly appreciate the thoughtful courtesy which the invitation expresses, and I wish it were possible for me to have the satisfaction of joining the citizenship of Cambridge on this notable occasion. My engagements are such, however, that it is quite out of the question for me to come, and I can therefore do no more than to thank you most sincerely for the con- sideration which you have shown me and to wish that the celebration will be a notably memorable success. Very sincerely yours, (Signed) Waeren G. Harding. COPY WESTERN UNION TELEGRAM Washington, D. C, October 4, 1921. Mayor Edward W. Quinn^ Cambridge, Mass. Telegram received. It will be impossible for me without great inconvenience to be in Cambridge Sun- day. I would appreciate your not pressing my attendance. (Signed) Senator David I. Walsh. 125 126 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY COPY The Vice-President's Chamber, Washington. September 16, 1921. Hon. Edward W. Quinn, Mayor, Cambridge, Mass. My DEAR Mr. Mayor: I have before me your invitation to come to your celebration between October 9th and 12th. I cannot tell yet whether it will be possible for me to come. I ought to know some time next week. I am sorry I did not see Mr. Barrett when he was in Washington and learn more of your plans. Very truly yours, (Signed) Calvin Coolidge. COPY WESTERN UNION TELEGRAM Washington, D. C. October 3, 1921. Hon. Edward W. Quinn^ Mayor. Cambridge, Mass. Shall leave here Saturday night to attend Celebra- tion and shall be at Cambridge, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. Please call me on phone at my father's house Sunday morning at 9 :00 o'clock so that I can get details. (Signed) Frederick W. Dallinger, Member of Congress. CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 127 COPY United States Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations. Nahant, Mass., September 10, 1921. Hon. Edward W. Quinn, Mayor of Cambridge, Cambridge, Massachusetts. My dear Mr. Mayor: I was not in Washington when Mr. Barrett called and, therefore, unfortunately missed seeing him. I am very much indebted to you for your kind invita- tion and appreciate the compliment you pay me in desiring me to speak at the Cambridge celebration. I wish very much that I could accept it and if it were a possible thing for me to go anywhere or make any outside speeches I should certainly wish to come tg Cambridge, but I regret to say that it is out of the question for me to make any outside engagements. I must return to Washington on the 20th, as the recess is then over, and it will be impossible for me to leave Washington again for some time. With renewed thanks and much regret that I can- not avail myself of your kindness, I am, Very truly yours, (Signed) H. C. Lodge. 128 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY FINANCIAL STATEMENT Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Br, City of Cambridge $8,565.25 Subscriptions 1,458.75 $10,024.00 Cr, Ball at Armory $341.94 Sanders Theatre 884.25 Athletic Games 172.09 Parade 4,326.10 Banquet 588.00 Reception (City Hall) 343.50 Band Concerts 462.00 City Hall Illumination 317.40 Decorations 661.50 Printing and Mailing 353.34 Advertising 26.94 Miscellaneous 1,546.94 $10,024.00 .'^1 ' f J tf ''iVtifPiiilf 'mm