SF 429 ■ C6 S3 Copy 1 ^^^^l^,,^ THE USEFUL COLLIE AND HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. Y W. A. SARGENT A PRACTICAL BOOK - - ^ FOR PRACTICAL FARMERS AND OTHER OWNERS OF COLLIES. THE LIBRARY »f e&NGPtESS, Two COPIW flECEIVEO APR. 8 1902 ^COFYWIHT ENTRY CLASS ^^.XXc No. COPY B. COPYRIGHT 1902, BY W. A. SARGENT. PRELUDE, IT is not my intention in ])resenting this little booklet, to do anything more than take np and explain, as l)est I can, a few points that have come under my own observation and experience as a breeder of the Collie. The origin, history, and to the layman the un- interesting facts in regard to pedigrees, etc., etc., have nothing whatsoever to do with the aim of this booklet. There are several good and thorough books relating to the history of dogs, their origin, etc., etc., but I am trying to reach and assist the people who keep dogs for ordinary ])urposes, and with that hope I submit the following. MAN AND THE COLLIE. I do not say that the Collie bred in its purity, is the most intelligent sjiecies of the dog, but I do say that in my opinion, the Collie is the dog "par excellence," in point of intelligence, beauty, fidelity', companionship, comradeship, affection, its love for his master. Call it what 3'ou will, it is a wonder- ful and beautiful thing. I could enumerate numerous instances that are on record, and matters of history, showing the al- most human intelligence that has been brought into prominence and displa3-ed by some untoward event, or unforeseen circumstance, calling at once at an instant's notice for prompt action and heroic meas- ures. I firmly ])elieYe that a Collie can reason. I believe that without reasoning powers it would be impossible for him to have made such a record as he has left us, in past events, of his superior pow- ers. However this may he, it must be sufficiently plain to all who have ever given it a thought that the Collie is a most remarkable dog, and capable of absorbing and imitating to a very high degree. If w^e admit then that the Collie is so intelligent, which we must ])erforce do. we must also admit that it is only a matter of a little patience on the part of a teacher that will bring out these quali- ties. We must never lose sight of the fact, however, that even as intelligent as we admit him to be, the Collie cannot talk "United States." Thus, we labor b THE USEFUL COLLIE AND under a disadvantage at the start, in the matter of educating the Collie. As I look at it, the one great secret of a teach- er's success is absolute command of his passion, or temper, as we prefer to call it. On no occasion and under no exasperation, or transaction however vexatious, must this even gentleness be relaxed. Unless one is so constituted as to be able to possess himself in absolute patience, he is almost sure to make a miserable failure at teaching, and to make a "cur" of the dog. More than with any other breed of dogs, kindness, gentleness, and encouraging words and looks are necessary, understood and responded to by the Collie. The Collie is willing, is more than willing, is delighted in fact, if he can perchance do anything to please his master, and get his recommend. He is so happy about it that his eyes twinkle merrih^, his tail wags heartily, and his every movement indicates the greatest joy because he has been able to, assist his master and get a word of praise. It resolves itself to this fact, then. The dog is willing and anxious to please and do. The teacher must find or discover some way or method whereby he can convey his ideas, his wishes, and his desires to the dog. Here is the secret of the whole thing. So in reality, the responsibility nearh' all rests with the teacher or man, and but very little with the dog. It is hardh' advisable to lay down hard and fast rules for teaching. Everv successful teacher has dif- HOW TO make: him so. i ferent methods. The prineiples followed must be similar, but the results are reached often along widely different lines. As there are many different types of men in regard to character, disposition, etc., etc., there are also many different types of character in CoHies. A successful teacher must know^ the capabilities of his pupil. What, in some cases is required for one dog, would be f|uite wrong used in connection with another or different dog. Not all Collies are brilliant and show the extreme of intelligence. Some are dullards, some are morose, surly and ill-mannered. Some are actually almost "simples," or fools. But these the teacher knows very soon and it is hardly advisable to s])end time with this class. There are many things that a Collie learns l)\' observation and imitation. In fact, the ability of the Collie to absorb knowledge by observation and imitation is al)out all the teaching he requires in the way of manners, gentleness, affection and gen- eral deportment. His human companion or com- panions, the famih^ members with whom he associ- ates, b\^ going the even tenor of their ways, will show to the Collie what he should and should not do. This may seem absurd to some, but it is never- theless a fact. If a Collie has a gentle master or mistress, you will observe that as the dog reaches maturit3% he will be gentle, tractable, reliable and well-mannered. If on the other hand, he has a vicious and ill-tempered master or mistress, the dog- will be transformed into a "cur." 8 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND The Collie can be taught to do and perform, by- word of month or by motions of the hand or arm, or even by the movement and expression of the eye. It is a fact that a Collie will note the changes in his master's ty^, or the different inflections and intonations of his voice much quicker than will the human being. Collies can be trained to make perfect watch- dogs, but it is not a training that necessarily makes them vicious or treacherous. We have been told and have read of Collies that were treacherous or snappy. We think in the majorit^^ of cases, if they could be traced to the source, the original sin w^ould have been a kick or cuff or some cruelty inflicted on the dog b\^ man, and the treacherousness of the dog was merely a "getting even" spirit. We have bred and reared, bought and sold Collies for several years. Hundreds passing through our hands and under our observation, and we have 3'et to see the first naturally vicious or treacherous one. The true nature of a Collie is naturally exul)er- ant ajid playful to a most remarkable degree. In fact, we know of no specimens of the "dog tribe," that retains their puppyhood in the way of play- fulness so long as the Colhe. Age seems hardh^ to make any difference in this degree. Some isolated Collies perhaps, that have no in- centive to exercise and are confined more or less, no companions or playmates, and laying comparativeh' idle, lay on fat and become dull and lose their playfulness. now TO MAKE HIM SO. 'ti The fact that a great many Collies are purciiased by people to be used as playmates for children, is sufficient evidence of their usefulness in that direc- tion. Place a A^oung Collie pup with a child and let them grow up together and it almost always proves a success to both parties. The child learns to love and be kind to dumb animals, especially the dog, and the dog learns to love and care for the child. As a means of protection and comjianion- shi]T, the Collie takes high rank. We find that natural environment has a great deal to do with the formation of a Collie's charac- ter and ph3'sical well-being. If born and brought .up in a kennel in a small city lot, he will, more likely than not, be stunted in si;ce and also in mind. Witliout free range, and continually in confinement, he never attains the self-reliance, wide-awake and alert attentive manners of the country bred Collie. It is astonishing to note the diftercnce. Pups born and reared in the country, with never a moment's confinement, develop rare strength, muscle and bone. His bright eye shows perfect health and vigor. His expression indicates perfect poise and self-reliance, and shows aljility in all cases to grasp possibilities, and suffer severe hardships that would sadly tax the constitution of a kennel bred and reared Collie. There are many that think Collies Ijred solely for show purposes, are deficient in intelligence. I think so to a certain extent, and the reasons for it are these. The majority of Collies that are shown on the bench belonsf to gentlemen who are well able to 10 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND have and sustain large kennels. They breed for show points, and to show points. So far as I know about any show in this country, the Collie is given no chance to show his mental powers, beyond looking bright, attentive and attractive. I said the majority shown were "bench dogs" and do nothing but simply exist to be exhibited f(jr their good looks as ruled by the accepted standard. Now then as is seen, displayed intelligence does not count in the shows, who then, that shows Collies is going to the trouble to breed for it. Their exer- tions are put into "form" and appearance, and from lack of use, the brain of the ColHe is being neglected. I believe in shows and showing dogs, but as I claim intelligence is the strong point of the Collie, why then not show him in a way to exhibit that point or trait. That "like produces like," should not be lost sight of. I have Collies that I keep at work driving stock, almost up to the date of whelping. The offspring of such a bitch if she has been coupled with a good working dog is sure to develop into first-class workers, with but very little attention. It is in the blood. Bred into them. These Collies have brains. They are manifestly able to take care of themselves in any emergency, rapid and graceful in their work and movements, and constitute the true Collie. The training of dogs is of such importance, and there are so many that have made it a Hfe study, and have written long books on the subject that it HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 11 would be presiimpttious on m^- part to tr3' and add anything in this Hne, and it is not my intention to do so. If I can give a few hints and point out a few simple directions, my motive will be accom- plished, and in a 1)ooklet of this limited order is all that can be expected. After the pup has become "wonted," give him a name, and do not try to teach him anything else till he knows that, and will come to yon at the sound of it. The next thing, is to teach him to come to you at any time and every time you call him. I have found that a slight reward such as a little piece of meat or cheese or any tid-bit that the pup likes, is appreciated and remembered by him, and it is always best to reward him in some such substantial manner, and also by a gentle pat on the head and a few kind words, after he has obeyed 3'ou. Do not l)e too kind, too often. Do not caress too much. Do not above all things tease the pup. Never under any consideration kick a Collie. The whip must seldom be used, and never only in case of a flagrant and plain act of disobedience. A reprimand in a sharp, stern voice, not necessarily loud is nearly always effective. Yelling, screaming and loud voiced commands, unless the dog be at a distance are not to be tolerated. The little tricks that can be taught a dog are many and easy. All it requires is average intelli- gence on the part of the pup and a "whole lot" of patience on the part of the teacher. The first prin- ciple : Always have the one trick thoroughly learned 12 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND and established in the dog's mind before trying to teach him another. To learn him to sit down, hold him gently and press him gradually down from behind, saying all the time in a conversational tone of voice, yet firm- ly, "sit down," "sit down." If he does not readily do this, draw his hind legs under his body, gently, which will cause him of a necessity to assume a sitting posture. Keep at this a few moments at a time, at intervals when you may be at leisure, until he will sit down at command. When this step is accomplished, go a little further, and after you have ordered him to sit down, learn him to "lie dow^n." Say, "lie down, lie down," repeatedly, and with your hand on his head, gently force him to a recum- bent attitude. To make him sit up, put him against the wall and hold him up, repeating "sit up." By using patience, and not forgetting to reward the pup with some dainty he likes, he will soon learn to sit up. In nearly all cases each succeeding trick comes a little easier to the dog. As his education advances his brain broadens, I suppose, and his reasoning powers are given exercise, and a chance to expand. There are many more simple little tricks that will suggest themselves in the natural course of instruc- tion, and I will leave these for 3'our own invention. I have tried several ways of teaching a Colhe to drive stock, cows for instance, and where possible and convenient, have had fairly good success with the following plan. In this matter, one shotdd be HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 13 careful and not commence the dog's training when too young, for in some cases that have come under m}' observation, if the dog gets kicked over two or three times he will thereafter be lialile to go to the head, which is a bad habit and hard to cure. But at tlie age of from eight to ten or twelve m.onths, if the Collie is bright, trappy and alert, you can safe- ly' begin his education in driving. A])ropos of go- ing to the head of the creature and barking or driving, will say that some Collies have that in- stinct. Their Ijreeding has not been carefully con- ducted. Their ancestors, likely enough had formed this bad habit. I have seen Collies that had been allowed the run of the barns, (before being taught anything), that have developed the trait of snap- ping and barking at the heads of the cattle from the feeding alley. This should never be allowed, as it is annoying to the cattle and sets all the firmer a bad and ])ernicious habit. Rut I have digressed. In the winter I usually turn stock into the biirn yards for water. Now with the aid of a little en- couragement and patience, coupled with the Col- lies' power to observe and imitate, you can soon teach the dog to drive the cattle into the stable again. If he proves too headstrong, do not scold him Axry much, but put a line onto him and he is easily managed. It is well to have him accustomed to the collar and line, and always when you have him thus in hand, encourage him and play with him so to make him understand that being in sub- jection to restraint is in no wa\' a punishment, but 14 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND rather a novel way of playing. Let him under- stand that when he is in hand by the line, that it is then his part to be attentive, lively and general- Iv at his best. Do not jerk him about or hurt him in an^' way, for if you do the discipline of the line will be bvit a punishment. Have your yard arranged so that he can work the cows singly if you so desire. This is merely to teach him to recognize the different ones. Let one drink and then help him to drive her to the stable. Soon he will be doing this driving without 3'our assistance. Many times when cattle are together in the yard one will drink and then stand directly in front of the trough and lick herself all over, in the meantime obstructing the trough so that another and more timid cow will have to wait. A well trained Collie will not allow this monopoly. He will see that ever^^ cow has her chance. I do not consider it necessary for the cows that they should be driven in and out of the stable. They could drink and go to the barn without the aid of the dog, but it is not of the cattle I am thinking, it is the dog. You will find w4ien it comes summer and time to turn the cows out, the dog will have gotten a long way in his education and knowledge of driv- ing. A few trips to the pasture with 3'ou and more encouragement and patience, will show him what is expected, and he will gradualh' but surely take it up and become a valuable assistance. But one must have patience. The dog will not become per- HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 15 feet ill his duty in a week or a month. In fact, YOU may think sometimes that you are not succeed- ing at all, but if the Collie you may have is from a working strain, you have ever^' reason to sup- pose that sooner or later your hopes will be real- ized. In my experience with Collies have found them almost alwa^'s in too much of a hurry. The\' want the cattle to go fast. The onh' wa^- I can advise lo correct this, is the line. When the pasture is large and the cattle may be at the far end, and the dog goes and brings them to the gate on a run, it is of course an act for punishment. But just here is a nice point. Can you be sure that the dog will know what you are punishing him for? Has he not a right to think that you are punishing him for bringing the cattle at all? I think a better plan is to go with him a few times to the far end, and help him drive them in slowly. This plan will not work in all cases, but it is worth}' of a trial. A Collie cnn be taught to obc}' motion signals in the following way. Let the dog run ahead of you some distance, then whistle to him to return to j'ou, catch his eye, whistle again and motion with 3-our hand and arm, just the same as 3'ou would to a person. It will take but a few lessons, and the clog will come to you obedient to your motion as far as he can see you, and just as quick- ly and readih' as he will from your whistle. You can send him from you in the same manner. Say "go ahead," and motion accordingly. Also by 16 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND the same means, he can be taught to go to either side. 1 never practiced the idea of keeping a ColHe at "heel." It seems to me unnecessary, and not in keeping with the Collie nature, which is pre-emi- nently to romp and pla^-, run and jump and con- tinualh' make merry. 1 admit that in the cities in crowded thorough- fares it is a grand good thing to have a dog trained to "heel," but in the open country I never teach it. Among sporting dogs, to "heel" is about the first lesson. ^'BRINGING UP/' The following advice may be of benefit to one having a pup or dog for the first time. If the pup has been shipped from a distant point, it will reach you in a somewhat odiferous state. I do not as a rule advocate the promiscuous washing of Collies, for the reason that if not thoroughly dried out in a warm atmosphere, they are liable to catch cold, and the fur or coat of a Collie pup is so dense that you will find difficulty in the drying. In the summer time my Collies have access to river and pond daily, and take advantage of it voluntaril\\ In the winter they roll in the snow banks dozens of times in a day, and thus keep their coats "clean as a whistle." However, if the pup is in a filthy condition upon his arrival he should at once be washed, dried and disinfected. And be sure the whole performance is thoroughly done. Would H(}w ro MAKI-: HIM so. it advise using some good standard kennel soap and disinfectant. On arriving at a new place a young Collie is verv susceptible to first impressions and influences, so it is a vital and necessary point to start exactly right so that no bad habits ma^^ be formed. More pups are influenced in the v^rong direction through mistaken kindness, than through neglect. As a general thing, the pup on his arrival is made much of and has a nice place ])rovided for him behind the stove, or the children must have it sleep in their room. This is all kiiulness, but it is fatal to the proper upbringing. The young puji, knowing no better, will leave his voidings wherever and when- ever it happens. A young pup if kept in the house, must be put out of doors ever}- hour. As this is manifestly impossible, a jilace should be ])rovided where the pup can have free access to the 3'ard, or where he can go into another room in which there should be a box of dirt or sawdust. If one of the ]3up's droppings are kept in this box for a few nights, the pup will learn for what purpose it is there. The Collie is naturallv cleanh', and if started in the right direction no future trouble will result. A dog should never be allowed to stay in the house all night till it is at least a year old and has the habit of cleanliness thoroughly fixed. Of course the best and easiest way to bring up a [)up to be cleanly, is to get him in the spring or summer, if you live in a cold climate, and fix up a little kennel (a box with a hole in it for him to go in and out). 18 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND and the pup will soon learn of his own accord the proper method to pursue. When the pup arrives it is best to put him at once where his home is to be, that he may become accustomed to it and know that he belongs there. He will no doubt "howl," "bark" and "take on," but beyond seeing that he has water and refreshments, it is best to visit him but seldom for the first two or three days. Let him have it out with himself and he will be for- ever contented, barring cruelty. If the pup is con- stanth^ visited and petted by some members of the familj^ during his first two or three days, he will whine and howl all the more when left to himself and it will take longer to get him into a contented frame of mind. DISEASES. Diseases of dogs are many and varied, (but with two or three exceptions they are quite easily sub- dued), and more especially is this true where mau\' are kept together in one place. Large kennels have to be kept scrupulously clean. Not a cleaning now and then, but cleaning and disinfecting all the time. Where there is only one dog kept, the dangers from diseases are comparatively few. It is always best in case your dog is sick, to call in a veterinary at once, providing that you do not feel equal of taking charge of the case yourself. There are also several good books treating especially of diseases of dogs, and it would be well to have one or more of these to consult and refer to as occasion may demand. HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 19 A proper diagnosis of the case is of vital im- portance. If the dog has a tape worm and 3-011 are treating him for indigestion, you can form some idea of how efficacious the treatment will be. The more common diseases of dogs are distem- per, d3'senter\', indigestion and mange. All dogs, and pups especially, are afflicted with worms. Proli- ably worms have resulted in the death of more pups than all other causes combined. Fleas, also are a source of great anno\'ance, and must be reckoned with. There are man\' remedies on the market, put up b\' specialists in dog diseases, and I have had good results from all of them that I have tried, and I advise ever3' keeper of a dog to provide himself with a few of the well known and standard remedies, for the more ordinarv and com- mon diseases, as mentioned alcove. I will state, however, that I have used almost exclusively in my kennels, the remedies put up b3' Dr. H. Clay Glover, No. 1293 Broadway, New York Cit3', a specialist in dog diseases, and veter- inarian to the Westminster Kennel Club, and have found them in all cases the ''real thing." The3' come in convenient form, easv to give, and have proved their worth man3' times. HOW TO FEED. In more than half the instances where I have sold pups, the customers ask me for information in regard to the feeding the 3'oung animal. With that in view, I have prepared this brief legend. 20 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND A pup never should be shipped till he is eight weeks old, at least. At that age, he should be well weaned and read^^ to eat almost anything. Young pups should be fed at least four or five times a day till they are six months old. They should never be allowed to eat much at a time, (overeat, that is,) not enough so that they will appear inflated. A little at a time and often, is the best way to ke^p him growing and healthy. Whatever there may be left from your various meals during the day is good food for the pup with the exception of potato. Feed potatoes sparinglj^ Thick sour curdled milk is not a beneficial diet for more than three times in a week. Cooked meat and vegetables of all kinds, (potatoes excepted), are good, and this variety of food builds up all the different parts of the dog and makes him robust. There is an idea among some, that the feeding of meat to a pup or dog is entirely the wrong thing. That it will cause no end of diseases, mad- ness, etc., etc. This theory has long since been ex- ploded. Meat is the natural food or diet for a dog, and in his growing months of puppyhood, nothing will build him up like the right proportion of meat in his food. A reasonable amount is almost abso- lutely necessarj^ for his well-being and health. One must use a little judgment in the matter. If the dog is very small and kept as a toy or lap dog, and has practically no exercise, the meat diet must be light, and the cooling effect of the vegetable diet administered. But a Collie that is reasonably HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 21 active and free can hardly be fed too mucli meat when he has reached maturit}-. All pups and dogs should have bones to gnaw, as it keeps their teeth clean, and the particles gnawed oft" are a prominent factor in supph'ing nutrition to the bone structures. At the age of six months, the pup should be fed but three times a day until a year old, when it can be dropped to twice each day, feeding the heaviest meal at night. The making of big strong, lusty dogs, comes largely from plenty of nutritioxis food and exercise. There are prepared foods for dogs, known as dog- biscuits or dog bread. The}' are always in con- venient form for feeding, and mav be fed dr^- or soaked, singly, or mixed with other foods. I have always used them in my kennels, (whenusingcommer- cial foods,) and have found them extremely satisfac- tory. Many people have an idea, if they stop to think of it at all, that a dog can digest almost anything. Such is not the case, for a dog's stomach is a ver}- deHcate organ and will not stand aljuse. In mature dogs, indigestion is a ver^- common derangement, and gives rise to eczema, emaciation and various other infirmities, and the feeding of unwholesome and unnatural foods greath^ aggravates this dis- order. To sum up, I sa}-, give your dog good clean nutritious food, and plenty of it, and with plenty of exercise he will in almost all cases kec]) in condition. 22 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND WHERE TO BUY. In bii\nng- Collies, either pvips or mature dogs, it is always best and safest to obtain them of a reli- able and reputable breeder. Whether you wish the Collie for a companion, an amusement, a play-fellow for 3'our children, or as a worker, your judgment should tell 3'ou to bu}' where you are reasonabh' sure of getting square treatment, and also where you will be reasonably sure of getting what you pay for. Take for instance, a person who has been breeding Collies for years, and who has made it a successful business, it is only fair to suppose that he knows something about it. He knows what is required by the standard, and can breed closer to it than can a person who breeds indiscriminately. Simply coupling a male and a female Collie for the bringing forth of young, is not breeding, in much of any sense of the word. But that is the way many Collies are brought into the world, and when you see Collie pups sold for a little or noth- ing, and warranted to be pure blooded and all that, it is fair to say that the coupling has been made simply to get some pups to sell, regardless of the proper mating. To l3e a successful breeder, one must know for what he is breeding. Must have an ideal plainly developed in his mind. This gives something tangi- ble. Shows some evidence of responsibility and forethought. It should always be a source of satisfaction, whether you are keeping dogs for fun or profit, to HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 23 know that 3'ou have a good thing. And if yon do not know what the "real thing" is in Collies, von stand a better chance of getting full value for your money by buying from a long established and well known breeder, who can refer you to customers for a verification of his methods of breeding and deal- ing, than 3n)u will to buy from "any old mating" that may be proposed to you. Man3% in purchas- ing a Collie, do not stop to think that a highly bred one is more valuable to place on the market. The\" think of it, maybe, but not seriouslv. Cir- cumstances are such sometimes that it becomes ad- visable to dispose of 3'our dog. If he is a pure bred and registered animal, and a fair specimen of the breed, he has a standard and market value. If he is a mongrel or cur or the result of mismating, he will be hard to give away- I do not mean to be understood as saying that nothing but a registered Collie is an^-- good. What I mean is that a ver^^ much larger percentage of the carefully and scientificalh' bred dogs are nearer the ideal, than those mated carelessly with no thought but to get piips to sell cheap and a lot of them. Right here it is interesting to note the following from the pen of Mr. R. D. Bohannan in Field and Fanc\\ "If a man has a bitch by the dog that won everj'thing at the New York show" last year, he makes haste to breed her to the New York win- ner of this year, and in nine cases out of ten the whole litter is not worth the stud fee." Now, why 24 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND is this? It simply shows the man's lack of knowl- edge in the fundamental laws of breeding. It is not my intention to tire you with a long drawn out argument or exhaustive rehearsing of the " whj^s and wherefores" of breeding. The above quotation is made simplj^ to show 3'ou that successful breed- ing, whether it be of horses, cattle, sheep or dogs, must be accompanied with a thorough knowledge of the principles of heredit}'. Thus it is plainly seen that in buying from a long recognized and established breeder, 3^ou are getting the results of careful study and research, and not the promis- cuous offspring of careless or knowledgeless breeders. now TO MAKE HIM SO. 2o NOTICES FROM THE DAILY PRESS. THE BABY^S GUARDIAN. A g^entleman in Connectictit took not long ago a Collie from the Lothian kennels at Stepney. The dog, after the fashion of its kind, soon made himself one of the family, and assumed special responsibilities in connec- tion \vith the youngest child, a girl three years of age. It happened one day in November that the father was returning from a drive, and as he neared his house he noticed the dog in a pasture which \vas separated by a stone wall from the road. From behind this wall the Collie would spring up, bark and then jump down again, constantly repeating it. Leaving his horse and going to the spot, he found his little girl seated on a stone, with the Collie wagging his tail and keeping guard beside her. In the light snow their path could be plainly seen, and as he traced it back he saw where the little one had walked several times around an open well in the pasture. Very close to the brink ^vere the prints of the baby shoes, but still closer on the edge of the well were the tracks of the Collie, which had evidently kept between her and the well. I need not tell you the feelings of the father as he saw the fidelity of the duml) crcatiire, walking be- tween the child and what might otherwise have been a terrible death. — Our Dumb Animals. COLLIE SAVED A LIFE. Plunged Into the Icy Passaic and Brought a Drunken Man Ashore. Paterson, N. J., Dec. 1.— " Ricketts," a Collie belong- ing to Poormaster Jacob Ryerson, saved a drunken man from drowning last night. Mr. Ryerson lives on the bank of the Passaic at Totowa in this city, and last night about 9 o'clock he heard the dog barking furious- ly at the gate. He ran out, and noticing that the atten- tion of the animal was directed to the river, he opened the gate. The dog bounded out and plunged into the cold water. It was then that Mr. Rverson saw some- 26 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND thing floundering in the river. The dog soon reached the floating object and succeeded in returning to the shore with it. It proved to be a well-dressed young man who had been intoxicated, but whom the swim in the cold water had partly sobered. He satisfied the Poormaster that he had no intention of taking his own life. He promised Mr. Ryerson that he would never touch a drop of liquor again, but he refused to give his name. COLLIE SHEPHERDS. Dogs Show Their Sagacity and Faithfulness in the Care of Large Flocks. Hardly a winter passes but from the great sheep ranges of the northwest comes some story of the intelli- gence, faithfulness and endurance of a shepherd's only companion, his Collie dog. These sheep dogs came by their nature and training honestly, for either they or their ancestors came from the sheep dotted hills of Eng- land, Scotland or Wales, where for generations past, the supreme effort of the shepherd has been to produce a per- fect sheep dog. They have succeeded well, for no man could be as useful to the sheep owner, for man is neither so persistent nor agile, possesses siich endurance, or is so gentle under training and reproof. The dog does not reason as to the why and wherefore of his affection, for the worst sort of a brutal shepherd dog, one that will mind the sheep on the hills, patiently awaits his master's coming from the tavern to guide his reeling footsteps to his home. On the great plains of the west these dogs have made it possible for one man to care for 3,000 or 4,000 sheep in a flock. All they ask is a bite to eat, and once in awhile, when their feet are filled M^ith the sharp pines of the cactus, they will come to have them taken out. There is no value on a well trained sheep dog. The well bred Collie which takes the prizes at the bench show is beautiful to look at, but his homelier brother, the trained dog of the range, is worth more. HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. -^ i In the new country, the work of the sheep dog is hard. It is on a big scale. In the old country, the work is easier, lout it has its finer points. In the new conatry, the dog may drive 2,000 sheep; in the old country, a dog may have to drive 3,000 or 4-, 000, which takes more thotight and skill. In the old country, the feature of every country fair in a sheep district is the sheep dog trials. A trophy is the annual prize, and the shepherds and their dogs come from afar off to try for the cup. The field is cleared of the crowd. Three sheep are taken in a wagon to the far end, perhaps into a bit of wood, and there turned loose. The shepherd and his dog must get these sheep together, drive them the length of the field, through certain stalked walls, through gates and over bridges and finally into a pen biiilt in the open with no guiding fences on either side and with but nar- row oj^eniiigs. By word, gesture and whistle, the man directs the dog at long range. The dog keeps one eye on his master and one on the sheep. He slinks along close to the ground or covers it at lightning speed, as the need of the moment may demand. He \\'orks the sheep with human intelligence and a speed and energy of which no man is capable. The work of the trained sheep dog puts his kind at the head of the list of intelligent animals. These trials for the trophy are a great feature of life in the sheep coiintries. Rivalries are engendered and often neighborhoods divided over the respective merits of the dogs. The day of the trial is the great day of the country fair, and the betting is high between the fac- tions. Looks do not seem to count in this trial of skill, for the great long-haired Collie of the type known in America is not always the best. The dog that carries away the trophy may be a little, short-haired, homely and insignificant brute, which slinks to the heel of his master like a creattire of no spirit. But send him after the sheep, and his whole character seems to change. He is slow and gentle or quick and bold, as the sheep may require. 28 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND COLLIE CHARACTER. (FROM A CONTRIDUTOR. ) I believe the Collie character is handed down, and though latent for want of development, by rea- son of its not being exercised, that like a seed, left in its package for years, perhaps, when given the required conditions, earth, moisture and warmth, it will burst forth into life, expand and grow into a beautiful plant and bear the rich fruit of its species. So the Collie, though bred and reared under such circumstances that perchance he may never have seen a cloven-footed animal of an}' kind until he has become a dog of several years, he can then be aroused and prove the useful and helpful qualities to a great degree, which had for his whole life been dormant. In conjunction with the above I believe that these qualities are handed down, though a sire msix never have been out of city life, having no part in country aifairs, and that his offspring may take the good working qualities of a remoter ancestry. And I am firmly convinced that in breeding we may ex- pect and get just as good an average fine specimens in show qualities and native intelligence from the good vigorous son of a most noted and prize win- ning sire, as would result from the distinguished sire. If the children suffer for the sins of back gener- ations, why cannot we expect the good trait of character so prominent in a family line to con- tinually assert itself. Personal experience, in breed- ing to a particular Collie for several years, proves HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 29 this to me. He was a beautiful white, and being very anxious to get some white piq-ipies, their color being rare and in demand, my disappointment was the greater, but uo white puppies ever resulted from his use. Now, for this heredity idea, most of his sons and daughters throw at everv litter, at least one white pupp\% and often nearly the whole litter are white even when bred to one in no wav akin. MR. OSBORNE'S WAY. IC. E. OSBORNE, STEPNEY, CT. I The true Collie is by very nature a most per- sistent companion of man, looking to him for friend- shi]) and kind treatment, but he is distrustfid of the one who would offer ill usage, rough harsh hand- ling. Make your dog your friend, treat him as a friend, not altogether as a servant, to be used or abused at the mood of the master. When once \'ou have gained his full confidence and trust, the noble Collie wdll prove himself fulh' worthy of all that you can do for him; "Whatever sad mischance o'ertake ye, man, he's the dog will ne'er forsake _ve." It is also born in him to be interested in cattle and sheep, feeing just as pertinent to the handling of stock as the young hound is to the trail. Now to get the best aid and service from him, patience and thought must be exercised, and the more one has of these cpialifications so much the better helper he will have for his intelligent treatment of the dog. Train your Collie; l^reaking is not the right method as the gen- 30 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND eral term is understood. "Break" a dog of a bad trick, something which he has done that is wrong and bad in itself, not an error or mistake in his work, and to accompHsh this, whenever it may ap- pear necessary, having scolded or punished him, which should seldom be resorted to, then chain him up in some secluded place, alone, leaving him there for a number of hours — to think it over — and then as you return to him in a pleasant manner, he will be ready to receive you and be friends, while on the other hand if punished and not placed under re- straint he is very likely to skulk away and heed no call to return, resulting in harm, no good coming from the punishment, leaving him really worse as regards his obedience. Do not call him to you to receive punishment but go to him, so that he may not afterward distrust you and lose confidence in your call. Teaching and guiding by example is the proper method. The Collie naturally takes to one master, this is quite a settled fact and therefore it is much better for the one who will have the most use for the dog to feed him and bestow the kindly acts, especialh^ when he is first introduced into his nev^^ home. Teach the young puppy to come to you, awarding him with a caress and some trifle of food, following this course often, so he will come at once at a slight call or other hint. After he has become well accustomed to a collar and chain, take him out for a walk and at intervals, suddenly, while he is in advance of you, halt, speaking the HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 31 word, "whoa!" at same moment giving a slight pull upon the chain ; remain still for a minute or more, repeating this often, and 3'our puppy will soon stop quickly at the spoken word alone. This is a very important lesson as much depends upon his quickness to obey this command in his after work. The dog which obex's "whoa I" perfectly, is on a par with the boy who can sa^^ "no ; " both can be depended upon. If your dog is making "error" or "running wald " at his work, he can there be checked b^- this command and so give an oppor- tunity to start right again. While leading the puppy you can teach him to "heel," "keep back," causing him to follow closeh- at \'our heels and as he endeavors to advance, check him at once and give the word "back" or "heel." In like manner when driving the cattle or sheep, the puppy being held in restraint b}^ a cord allowing him to reach the heel of the cattle as they are gently hastened, and giving him no opportunitv to get to the head, he will soon learn that at the heel is the proper place to drive. To teach him to remain at a certain place at command, first drive a stake in the c^Den lot, place yovir coat close to it and then chain the dog to this stake, giving him the word "down" and after having waited a short time go to him and saying "all right," free him. This repeated a few times it will not be necessary to use the chain and he will "whoa" and " down " at your command. To guide him to the right and left b\' the motion of the hand 32 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND is easily accomplished. Take your position by the side of a low fence, and then by tossing a bit of food to the one side and then to the opposite, at the same moment giving a noticeable motion of the hand and calling to him "over." You can teach him to go to the right or left and at the same time jump the fence and go in the direction as indicated by your hand. To "go around." He can be sent to one side of a building and as you slip to the other out of his sight, give him the word "go round" he will go as told, thinking to meet you, and soon you can send him around the building without any movement on your own part. The beautiful Collie is endowed with great in- telligence and common sense, and can be so taught as to become a most useful and helpful companion if due thought and consideration is used in the early handling and management. To teach them to he cleanly in the house. In the first place always give them full opportunity to be neat by allowing them out-door freedom often. Through the dog it is an easy task to see to their manners. At night having given the dog a run out in the yard, then take a short chain, not over twenty or twenty-four inches long, and chain him to a staple in the extreme corner of a room, this gives him but small space in which to move about, he will not voluntarily make anj^ mistakes in such close quarters. The first thing in the morning at- tend to him and give him access to the open yard. Do not feed at night an3^ food liable to make him HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 33 trouble, neither feed a full meal at that time while he is being trained. 7'o teach him to be a good guard. Let some person with whom the dog^ is not familiar make boisterous noises about the door of the house while you are within, close to the door, and having the dog near to j'ou, when by your acts and encourage- ment he will be induced to take notice of the dis- turbance, and as he becomes aroused you will sanc- tion his bark, urging him on. Everybody's dog is a tiseless dog. No dog should be free to make friends at once w4th strangers. One reason is this. He may be easily stolen. Let some person, a stranger to him, as aljove, call the puppy or dog to him and when he has got him in hand, give the dog a good whipi)ing, and when he is re- leased tell him to "get out," this with considerable force. It will not take many lessons to keep him forever out of the hands of dishonest persons. Often caress your dog, he loves flattery from his master. Alake your dog your friend by being a true friend to him. Let every word have a meaning, he will learn them. Do not confuse by unnecessary words or motions. Often we command too much, which bewilders him. An impatient teacher seldom suc- ceeds. Hold your temper I If we are cross the dog- soon finds it out. We can err, so can the dog; have charit}'. A little run, before he receives his lesson, makes him more easily governed. Do not expect too much, in too brief a time. A pure bred dos' has distinctive characteristics which mav Ije 34 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND depended upon. A mongrel dog is a conglomerate of conflicting qualities. His development is a mat- ter of luck. It is much iDctter to teach the dog in the absence of other dogs and strangers. He ma}- learn from a well trained dog. If the dog forgets his lessons, revert to the cord or chain again, he wmII take the hint. A starved dog is of but little use, an over-fat one is no better. In shipping dogs by express, make the box or crate no larger than the dog can easily turn around in, and giving him room to lie down at full length (except in long distances). Make the crate of as light material as will stand the handling en route. Have the crate so made as to give as much seclusion as possible. One end and the sides should be com- paratively made close, the top and one end made of slats, this gives the dog both plenty of air and a hiding place, away from the many disturbances in the cars, and an opportunity to sleep. The noises will not disturb him nearh' as much as the constant changes, moving boxes, etc., which he would see in an open crate. The more quiet the better journey. A good supph^ of old-fashioned "johnny cake'' or "griddle cakes" will answer for food. Do not feed the dog immediately before he is to be crated. Let him have a short run in the yard after being fed. HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 35 OUR COLLIES OF THE PAST AND PRESENT. (BY C. C. PAI.NK, SOUTH RANDOLPH, VT. I Onr experience with Collies extends back to childhood, and nian\' are the fond recollections as- sociated with old "Trim" (my first dog) when a boy on my father's farm, driving the cows, hunting woodchucks, skunks, scjuirrels, etc. Old "Trim" I bought with my own hard-earned nickels and dimes when I was al)Out twelve years of age. He was a black, white and tan Collie, of good size but not ver3^ long haired. He was very intelligent and took to driving cows when less than three months old. He was past usefulness at about nine or ten years of age, having become deaf and lazy, and at this time 1 had a great desire to go into breeding Collies, and my parents consented to my buying a female pup if I would have old "Trim" laid away, so we made him a grave in the Pet Stock Cemetery on our old "Bunker Hill," and "thus endeth the first chapter." M3' first experience with pedigreed stock was the purchase of the black and tan bitch pup, Lark H, from a Connecticut breeder in 1884. She w^as a descendent of Old Sport and Shepherdess, winners of highest honors at the Centennial at Philadelphia in 1876. Lark was remarkably intelligent and aftec- tionate and an excellent driver. Her first litter by Felch's Imported Gaffa, were a handsome lot of blacks and tans and "Dand\^" was reserved as a stud dog and w^as kept by a neighbor for me through life, his dam Lark H was bred to him sev- 36 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND eral times with good results; one dog from this in- breeding became so noted for intelligence that an article appeared in regard to him in a local paper, in the town where he was owned b\' a postmaster, who had taught him to bring the U. S. mail from the railroad station, and although there were many trains daily, this dog knew the 'mail train every time and was onto his job like clock work. Lark was my constant companion in the wilds of Florida in the early '90s, and was the pet of all who knew her. When at church in a small Florida town (the doors being open). Lark would often come in and la3^ down on the carpet quietly and was never shown the door by any one; this dog was so near human that she contracted malaria while there and had chills at intervals for over a year after her return north. Lark's descendents to the present time are our most intelligent and best driving dogs. Another one of our Collies from way back was Fawn, purchased of I. K. Felch in 1885. She was a grand driver and left some good stock. Her first litter by "Imported Major" bred well with the " Lark stock." In 1894 we purchased for a stud dog Otterburn Hero 51,319; he was more of the modern type of Collies and had that bold bearing and was taller and longer headed than the ones we had previously been breeding. Hero was a grand driver and was of more help on the road driving stock than two boys or men. HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. rf< Hero died of distemper in liS99, leaving- no less than fifteen brood bitches in otn- kennels, and being much in need of a choicely bred stud dog we finalW se- cured "The Commodore" imported b_v E. S. Snow. He is of the present show t^'pe and a fair driver and a heeler, his only fault being a little too head- strong. I also have many bitches of the latest and most fashionable show^ strains, and from my experi- ence and observations, I must confess that I fear that the present fad for long heads and breeding onh' for show points are sacrificing driving quali- ties and intelligence, Imt I must not dwell on this deliciite subject, or I shall be getting into hot water, but I do hope the Collie is not coming to the point of there being two breeds, one to show and one for practical farm work. Now a few j^oints as to training the Collie. First, I will say that I am not a trainer. My best trained dogs (are "farmed" as the saying is). When 1 have a pup 1 wish to do extra well by, I get some of my farmer friends to take the pup at about eight or ten weeks of age, and let him come up by himself and you might say train himself, although of course much depends on the man who handles him ; if the pup can have an older dog of steady halDits and a good w^orker and quick to obe3' commands to associate with, all the better. In fact this is the best and about the only way I can work a pup on my own place. It is best not to allow a pup to drive cows until at least six months of age. If from ancestors that are heelers, he will be quite 38 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND sure to go to heels, unless he should have his cour- age spoiled by getting kicked. For this reason, it is not best to let them drive too young. If pup is too headstrong, use a long cord on him, calling him back and pulling, and at same time, never kick or abuse your dog in any way. One of the worst features in a dog is a sneaking, skulking habit. When called, your dog should have full confidence in you, and then \^ou will have confidence in him. If you allow him to go with 3'our team on the road, teach him to stay in or under the vehicle when waiting. There is no better place for the farm Collie to sleep than in the stable with the cows. Make him a good nest there and have him stay there at night. Feed him a little new milk at milking time, and he will be contented to remain there after getting accustomed to it. A well trained Collie is the most valuable and useful animal on the farm, and man^' a farmer would feel much worse to lose his Collie than his best cow or horse. HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 39 7\:> the kinrlncss of Dr. H. Liny Glover, veteriiui- rian to the Westminster Kennel Chih, Xew York, the author is indebted for the following remarks on Diseases of Dogs. DISTEMPER. The term distemper is particularly applied to animals of the brute creation, to the doti- when afflicted with that disease somewhat resembling^ tvphtis fever in the human race. Owing to more or less inbreeding that has been indulged in to intensify certain form and character- istics in dogs of most all l)reeds, constitution has to some extent been sacrificed. Animals bred in this way are, in consequence, less able to resist or com- bat disease than those with less pretentious claims to family distinction. Causes. — Bad sanitary' conditions, crowded or poorly drained kennels, exposure to damjiness, in- sufficient or over-feeding, improper diet, lack of 40 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND fresh air and exercise, all conduce to the develop- ment of distemper. It is contagious, infectious, and will frequently appear spontaneouslj^ without an\' apparent cause, in certain localities assuming an epidemic form. Age is no exemption from distem- per, though it more frequently attacks young ani- mals than adults. Very few dogs pass through life without having it at some period. Many people are of the belief that their dogs have contracted distemper while being exhibited at bench shows. This is doubtless the case in many instances where the same benching is used at more than one show, for if distemper develops at the first place the benching is used, it wall become infected, and carry the disease to other shows unless it be thoroughh^ disinfected before being used a second time. The exhibition of a j^oung dog for the first time is a great strain on his nervous sj-stem, which doubt- less tends toward the development of this much dreaded disease. If an}'- dog having attained the age of one year in vigorous health, is then attacked with distemper, I know of no reason why he should not recover, providing the proper methods are employed, though occasionally a case occurs in which numerous com- plications arise, such as inflammation of the bowels, fits, chorea, parah^sis, jaundice, pneumonia or broncho-pneumonia, that will resist all the science of the veterinary profession. Symptoms. — In early stages, dullness, loss of appetite, sneezing, chills, fever, undue moisture of HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. -il the nose, congestion of the eyes, nausea, a gagging cough accompanied by the act of vomition, though rarely anything is voided (if anything, it will be a little mucus), thirst, a desire to lie in a warm place, and rapid emaciation. This is (juickly followed by muco-purulent discharge from the eyes and nose, later, perhaps ulceration of either eyes or eyelids. Labored respiration, constipation or ol)stinate diarrhoea, usually the latter, which frequently runs into inflammation of the bowels. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the entire alimentary canal exists, all the organs in time becoming more or less involved. A pustulous eruption on the skin is l\v some authors considered a favoral)le sym]:)ton, but to me it is evidence of a vitiated condition of the blood. In some cases many of the above symptoms wdl be absent, the bowels being the first parts attacked. Treatment.— The animal should be placed in warm dry quarters, and hygienic conditions strictly observed. There should he sufficient ventilation without draughts. With puppies I would advise at the start giving Glover's Vermifuge, as nearly all have worms, which add greatly to the irritation of stomach, bowels and nervous system present in distemper. The bedding should be changed daily and the apart- ment disinfected two or three times a week. Feed frequently on easily digested, nutritious diet, such as beef tea or mutton broth, thickened with rice. Let all food be shghtly cool, and keep 42 THE USEFUL COLLIE AXD fresh, cold water at all times within reach of the animal. If constipation be present, give warm water and glycerine enemas, and an occasional dose of castor oil if necessary. Should the bowels be- come too much relaxed with any tendency to inflam- mation, feed entirely on farinaceous food, such as arrowroot, farina or corn starch with well boiled milk, as even Ijeef tea is somewhat of an irritant to the stomach and bowels. In case of persistent diarrhoea, with possibh' blood and mucus in the movements, with frequent desire to relieve the bowels, accompanied by straining, but a few drops being passed at a time, give Glover's Diarrhoea Cure which will allay irritation and heal. When symp- toms of distemper first appear, Glover's Distemper Cure should be given and persisted in for several days after all S3'mptoms have disappeared, to insure perfect recover\'. An animal may have so far recovered that the owner considers it unnecessary to give any further medicine, the suspension of which will often result in a relapse, recovery from which is uncertain. In the treatment of distemper, one great object is to keep up the general strength, so in case of extreme debility a little whiskey in milk or milk punches may be allowed. The e^'es should be bathed with warm water two or three times a day to keep them free of mucus, it will besides help to keep down inflamma- tion. Should film form over the e^'-es or ulceration of the eyes or eyelids occur. Glover's Eye Lotion mav be used with benefit. If at anv time the accu- HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 43 mnlation of mncus in the air passages shoitld l^e so great as to interfere with breathing, steaming the head will soften, detaeh and cause it to flow freeh', thus giving reHef, or in very urgent cases if the animal is comparativeK- strong, a mild emetic ma\' be administered. MANGE. The term mange as applied to animals is identi- cal with itch in the human race, in both of which parasitic life exists in the skin, and is purely a cutaneous disease. Sarcoptic MAX(iE may be recognized by the fol- lowing s\^mptoms, viz., intense itching, small red points appearing on the skin, which quickly develop into pustules, exuding a fluid which forms scabs. When from scratching or in other ways the scabs are removed, the hair will accompau}^ them leaving the parts nude. The parasite usually first attacks the skin where most exposed from shortness or absence of hair; under the shoulders and thighs, about the hock joints, feet and eyes, are favorite places. It is not long confined to these localities, but rapiclh' spreads until the entii'e body is covered, unless checked by some application that will effect- ually destroy the parasites. Follicular Mange though not causing the same amount of itching, is accompanied by a fetid bod^^ smell, the pustules sometimes discharging. The hair will be left standing firmly in places, while other parts may never again be as fidl in coat, owing to 44^ THE USEFUL COLLIE AND the hair folHcles being destro3^ed by the parasites. Though this form of mange is not so annoying to the animal as the first named varietj^, it does not yield as readih^ to treatment as sarcoptic mange, owing to the parasite being more deeply seated in the former. For the same reason it is not so easily transmitted. Trp:atment. — Many preparations are used in the treatment of mange into which enter largely differ- ent forms of mercurj', such as corrosive sublimate, red or white precipitate, or the ordinary mercurial ointment. The great objections to their use are that they are rapidly absorbed, and are productive of a form of eczema, termed eczema hydrargynia, or may cause salivation, besides rendering the ani- mal particular^ susceptible to colds or rheumatism. Again, it is necessar}^ to keep the animal muzzled during their use to prevent his licking the poison, and the muzzle to some dogs is simply torture. Carbolic acid has also been recommended, but if used suificiently strong to kill the parasites, will destroy the hair follicles. It is therefore desirable that something should be used that is harmless, and at the same time effective. Glover's Mange Cure is a positive remedy for any all cases of mange, effect- ually destroying the parasites, and contains no poison of any nature. It is so perfectly harmless that it might be given internally without any bad results. It would mereh^ purge the bowels, and have a beneficial effect on the blood. It should be thoroughly well applied over the HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 45 entire boch', rubbing it well into the skin, and allowing- it to remain on. Should a second appli- cation be necessary, it nia_Y be made three da\^s later. Usually one or two applications are sufficient to effect a radical cure. Any case of skin trouble that it fails to effectually cure, may positively be determined as not a true mange. And although the Mange Cure will usualh' correct all external troubles arising from causes heretofore mentioned, the ani- mal may continue to break out, in which case some form of ec;f:ema exists. WORMS. Worms, without doubt, cause the death, in various ways, of more pujjpies, and are more to be guarded against, than other diseases, from the fact that they may be destroying life when their pres- ence is not suspected, except to those who are quite familiar with the sjnnptoms. In discussing the sub- ject of these internal parasites, I will merely touch upon those with which dogs are most commonly affected. Foremost is the round worm, which in- habits the stomach and small intestines. The\' are of about the diameter of vermicelli, of a wax^^ color, from three to six inches in length, and pointed at each extremit^^ The\' will sometimes pass with the foeces or may be vomited up, though their presence may not be made known in either wa3'. Of all varieties the round worm is to be most feared, and is more fatal to the lives of puppies and 3'oung dogs than adults, though the latter are fre- 46 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND queiitly troubled with them. They cause great irri- tation of the stomach and intestines, giving rise to fits, indigestion, and obstinate diarrhoea, and are often present in such quantities as to cause obstruc- tion of the bowels. The maw worm is of a slightly- pinkish color from half an inch to one inch in length ; is located in the rectum, and though not dangerous, causes much irritation, and is the source of great annoy- ance. It will sometimes produce partial paralysis in puppies, the paralysis disappearing after the worms are expelled. This worm is spoken of by some authors as being a segment of the tape worm, but I am of the opinion that it is a distinct variety, as 1 have frequently found it present when there was no evidence of the existence of tape worm. The}' are passed adhering to the foeces, and are often seen sticking to the hair about the anus. Tape Worm. — There are a number of varieties of tape worm to which the dog is subject, but as they all affect the animal in a similar manner. I shall not enter into their classification, but advise the same treatment for all. The tape worm is formed in sections of from one-quarter to one-half inch in length, white, and about as large round as a coarse thread. It is the most difficult of all worms to thoroughly eradicate, as portions will pass away from time to time, but so long as the head remains it will continue to grow. It is therefore necessary to persist in the use of a vermifuge until the head has been passed, and HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 47 this can onh^ he positively determined Ijy a micro- scopic examination of the matter voided. Symptoms. — Restlessness, disturbed slumber, cough, unpleasant breath, nausea, colicky j^ains, irregularity^ of the bowels, persistent diarrhoea, mucus passed with or following an action of the bowels, caked nose, perverted appetite, the animal sw^allowing foreign substances, such as ashes, coal, straw, bits of wood, etc. Pallid visible membranes, es])ecially in puppies, and a bloated appearance of the abdomen wdiile thin elsewhere. Harsh, staring condition of the coat, dragging the hind part on the ground in a sitting position, all indicate the existence of some variety- of worms. Treatmp:nt. — Among the old-fashioned remedies for w^orms are powdered glass, tin fihngs, turpen- tine and Areca nut, all of which are extremeh' irri- tating to the mucous membrane lining the stomach and intestines. The most dangerous of these is Areca nut, which I have known to kill so many dogs that I am greatly opposed to its use. If fresh ground, I believe it will produce gastro-enteritis, if stale it is quite inert. As little or no action is derived from the use of vermifuge when there is food in the stomach, an animal should be fasted for at least twelve hours before administering it, and not fed sooner than two hours after. The advantages that I claim for Glover's Vermifuge over all others are, that while being eciualh' efficacious, it is perfecth^ harmless to use, that it does not irritate the alimentarv tract. 48 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND but alla^^s any irritation having been caused by worms, and that it does not require to be followed by a purgative, as is the case with others. As nine-tenths of all puppies have worms when born, I have always made it a rule to give those of my breeding some of the Vermifuge as soon as weaned, or even before, if I considered the case urgent. M^^ idea is to get rid of the worms before they have done damage. INDIGESTION IN DOGS. This is a subject that has been touched upon but lightly by other writers, and, as it is a trouble of such frequent occurrence, a few lines on the subject, I think, will be of value to dog owners. Many people are of the opinion that a dog can digest old boots, tin cans, etc., but such is far from being the case. A dog's digestive organs are a very delicate piece of mechanism, requiring judgment and care to keep in order, particularly those kept in confine- ment. The prevailing causes are improper or irreg- ular feeding and large meals after long fasting. The animal being very hungry, will bolt his food, giving rise to indigestion. Lack of exercise is also a factor in producing this trouble. Symptoms. — Frequent vomiting, deranged condi- tion of the bowels, constipation sometimes prevail- ing; at other times diarrhoea, vertigo, nervousness or stretching, the animal frequently- assuming the following position : Front paws extended with head placed on ground between them ; while stand- HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 4-9 ing erect on hitid legs, with back arched and belly tucked up; at other times U'ing flat, with abdomen pressed to the ground; swallowing foreign sub- stances, such as ashes, straw, sticks or grass, all of which increase the trouble. This the animal doul)t- less does owing to the inicomfortable feeling in the stomach, which he hopes to alla^^ or relieve. How frequentl}^ have you noticed a dog eating grass, but have \'ou ever stopped to think why he does so? He does it with the object of relieving the stomach, the grass acting as an emetic and mild purge. Of course, after the stomach is relieved of food, the indigestion is temporarily better, as there is then no food in the stomach to give it work which it cannot ])erform. When a dog's digestion is in per- fect order he has no craving or appetite for such matter, the bowels move regularly, the foeces nor- mal, and the food properly assimilated. An acute attack is frecjuently accompanied by convidsions; when such occur, \'our neighbor, who has probably at some time owned a dog, advises giving your dog salt, but, if asked why, he is un- able to explain. The reason is simph^ that the salt acts as an emetic, and, as previously mentioned in reference to grass eating, the stomach is relieved, and the dog returns to consciousness. Eczema is also a frequent symptom, and let me state right here, that I find more cases of eczema- tous eruptions arising from a disordered condition of the digestion than any other cause. Doubtless manv who will read this will recognize the fact that 50 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND at some time some certain dog has had some obsti- nate skin trouble, all kinds of which are by the la^^- man diagnosed as "mange," and that, after tr3'ing various mange cures to which the trouble has not yielded, the blood has then been treated with no better results. Having so many cases of indigestion in my daily practice, and being so frequently con- sulted by letter, it became imperative that I should put a remedy in the market for this ailment which dog owners could avail themselves of without the necessit3'^ of consulting me. This I have done in the form of a pill. To any who have, or maj^ have in the future, indigestion cases, let me advise the following treat- ment, viz. : Feed rather sparingly three times a day on raw or rare scraped beef, this being the most readily accepted and most easily digested of all foods when the digestion is disordered, allowing no other diet, and giving immediateh^ after each meal one of Glover's Digestive Pills. Add to the drinking- water lime water in the proportion of 1 to 30. By following this treatment as laid down many cases of eczema will disappear. Some, probably, may be accelerated by the use of a skin lotion in conjunction. Eczema in these instances is merely a S3^mptom appearing in evidence of disordered diges- tion. Indigestion may be considered as a mild form of gastritis which, if not corrected, will be followed b}^ true gastritis, the stomach then being in such condition that nothing is retained, even water being returned immediately after drinking. This will be HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 51 accompanied by fever, colic, emaciation, and only too often followed b}^ death. FLEAS. Fleas keep a dog so busily employed scratching and biting himself that he gets but little sleep or rest. Between fleas and scratching much irritation of the skin is produced which in time assumes an eczematous form. Besides the annoj'ance, the coat is gnawed oft^ or torn out b\' the nails, giving to what has been a Ijeautifully coated animal, a ragged, uidvcmpt and unthrifty appearance. Constant vigilance is the price of keeping dogs free of ileas in warm weather, particularly if a num])er are kennelled together. An animal ma}- be entirely rid of them one da}-, and have quantities the next, as they do not con- fine their homes for propagation to the dog's coat, but will breed in bedding, carpets or sand, or the ani- mal may get them from coming in contact with other dogs or cats harljoring the ever bus_v Pulex ivritans (Flea). In consequence of the rapid increase of these pests in sand, the dogs of California are much troubled with them. I might add the human race as well. Tre.vtment.— For the destruction of these exter- nal parasites, all mercurial preparations, though efficacious, should not be used for the reasons given in the treatment of mange. Carbolic soap, or a solution of carbolic acid, is recommended, but I am opposed to its use from the fact that anything con- taining carbolic acid is injurious to the skin and 52 THE USEFUL COLLIE. coat, drying up the natural oils, thus rendering tliem dry and harsh. I use carbolic acid on dogs only as an antiseptic in case of abscesses, ulcers, unhealthy sores, or after operating. Glover's Mange Cure is instant death to fleas, and will at the same time allay all irritation caused by scratching, etc. If applied once or twice a week and allowed to remain on, fleas will not approach an animal so treated. On house or pet dogs, it may be applied and -washed off immediately after, and not a flea will be left alive. For toy dogs and those with particularly delicate skins, Glover's Kennel Soap should be used, as it contains all the medicinal prop- erties of the mange cure, but necessarily considerably modified b3^ the body of the soap, which is of the finest of palm oil, olive oil and glycerine, avoiding even the use of alkalies as far as possible, as all alkalies are destructive to the coat, and common soaps are largely made up of them. THE BEST FOOD FOR DOGS. Old Grist Mill No other food required to keep the dogs healthy* Barrels, Bags, Boxes and Cartons. Potter & Wrightington, Old Grist Mill, CHARLESTOWN, MASS. The Pioneer American Dog Medicine. Glover^s Imperial Dog Remedies* THE RESULT OF TWENTY YEARS' EXPERIENCE IN THE TREATMENT OF SICK DOGS. COMPLETE LIST. Distemper Cure Mange Cure Vermifuge Blood Purifier Canker Wash Tonic . . . Cough Mixtui-e Fit Cure . . Eye Lotion . PRICE $1.00 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 PRICK Condition Pills . . $0.50 Digestive Pills . . . .50 Liver Pills 50 Com. Sulphur Tablets .50 Worm Capsules . . .50 Tape Worm Capsules .50 Diarrhoea Cure . . .50 Liniment 50 Kennel and Stable Soap .25 FOR SALE BY Druggists and Dealers in Sporting Goods REFUSE WORTHLESS SUBSTITUTES. Free Book on Dog Diseases and How^ to Feed ON APPLICATION TO H. Clay Glover, V. S. Veterinarian to the Westminster Kennel Club, 1293 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. In Cattle -^ -^ Mapleniont Stock Farm are breeding^ the RED POLLS, AYRSHIRES and JERSEYS, and tisiially have something: for sale in each of the above breeds. All cattle registered or eligible. In Sheep -^ -^ Have the CORSETS, only. All registered stock and the llock is comjiosed of fine specimens of the breed. Also have a small llock of registered .\n- gora Goats. In Swine -^ -^ The CHESHIRE is the main stay, although al- ways have specimens of the Imp. Small Yorkshire. Foundation stock of CHESHIRE came from the finest herd in this country. All Swine registered or eligible. In Poultry -^ -^ Have only the farmers' fowl, the LIGHT BRAHMA. Always a favorite and justly so. Our pens are always headed by pedigreed cocks and cockerels, and the use of trap nests have helped to more firmly establish the heavy laying finalities. Pure Maple Sugar .\nd SVRri* of our own make always on hand at reasonable jiriccs. MAPLEMONT STOCK FARM, Albany, Vermont. m 8 1902 MAPLEMONT STOCK ^ FARM Always has on hand • -^1 COl-I_IES^<*• • OF ALL AGES, COLORS, PRICES, BOTH SEXES, IMPORTED AND DOMESTIC BREEDING. If you wish a dog for a worker, companion, playmate for children, or if for breeding and show^ing, shall be glad to send you my catalogue and quotations. Free for the asking.