DA ,H63& lass. DA3 Sook_y DP 32 .H632 Copy 1 QUESTIONS DESIGNED TO ACCOMPANY THE GENEALOGICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL CHART OF ENGLAND AND SCOTLAN MRS. MARY W. B. HICKS. jackson, snssissirri. ROBERT H. PURDOM 1860. QUESTIONS DESIGNED TO ACCOMPANY THE ALOGICAL AND CURONOLOMOAL HURT OP ) AND SCOTLAND, BY as. MART W. B: HICKS. JACKSON, MIf- ROBERT H. PURDOM 1860, THE LIBRARY OF CONGRES WASHINGTON!, INTRODUCTION. This small book of questions and references has boen prepared to accompany the C4enealogical and Chronological Chart of England and Scotland. The design of the Questions is, to enable the young pupil consecutively and connectedly to learn the leading events in the chain of history, as laid < down on the Chart. The references are for the benefit of the scholar, who would wish to read a definite account of any particular incident mentioned on the Chart. There are some typographical errors on the Chart, which are all noticed and corrected in the Book of Questions; and, where two authors are found to vary in the date of any event, attention has been called to the fact, and tho different dates and authorities specified. The authoress has confidence in the utility of the work, as an assistant in impressing the memory with the connection of events laid down, and as this i3 emphatically the day of utilitarianism, she submits it to tho consideration of a discerning public. Woodlawn, lxankin county, Miss., May 30, I860." PREFATORY NOTE. It is probably necessary to state that the Charts are all colored by han in some instances a Queen has been given the wrong color ; to avoid any vital efi e hist mica! information, in connection ;orn Queen, I have given the nrrme of he; mntry. Although coloring of the Chai - • kind. ■ tive to the mind to have the Queens pain 1 . rent colors, for the sam* ?<■ t the circler, change color when a new race of \ throi. eemwe.; it would have no more distinctive im] nponthe than i tame in a book. By , * the different colors, the impression o ^ve counl / • I to impress this on the memory has been considered a matter of some importance, as the d of the I sovereigns led to important results. 1 ofEthelred to Emma of Normandy led to the Norman conquest; the marriage, I iet sovereigns with princess the French provinces led E into many Continental wars, and the cause of introducing improvements in the arts and sciences. The marriage of Henry Tudor to Elizabeth of York united the claims of the long-contending "Rival Roses." The Sc< ish ended the En throne in consequence of the marriage of James IV. of ! land to Margaret of England. Charles II. and James II. < raised Protestants, and became Catholics after marrying Catholic princesses, and the adherence of James to the Catholic faith led to his dethronement, &c, &c. Intiae Questions on the Scottish Chart, some reference, i given to Miss Strickland's Queens of England. From th< volumes many incidents in the early Scottish History have been collated. QUESTIONS ON ENGLISH CHAR1 CHAPTER L jtrom the time the romans landed in britain until the establishment of the monarchy in 827. When did the Romans under Julius Caesar land in Britain? [Thftler's Chronological Tables. When was Caractacus, the British King, carried prisoner to Eoi . [Ibid. When was "Adrian's Wall built across the island? U When did Cymbeline live? [Mrs. HaWs Queens of England, ;■• What was the name of his Queen? [Ibid p. 28. Note.— Mrs. Matthew Hali, in her "Queen. 'and befor. i Conquest," has given many ' : particular.-; of the royal ladies who lived in the -i of Britain. , irited account of Carti the British princess, whose father, Afarwy, \ a 3d of >y the Bom I ium- seif a to Rome. She and her cousin Cyrnbeline were raised and educated in Rome. They received from that politic Government all the advantages of a princely education, and at a proper age, Cymbeline received an appointment suitable to his rank. These Roman educated British princes were sent back by the Romans, to rule over the family dignities in Britain, upon the death of their uncle, Tenantius, who seems to have been more submissive to the Roman rule than Afarwy, the father of Cartismandua, and had been put in possession of the family estates, when Afarwy was deprived of them, and carried prisoner to Rome with hia family; but upon the death of Tenantius, Cymbeline and his consort Catamandua, were by the Romans restored to the 6 Qi BE family dignities. Cymbeline remained the firm friend of Um Romans onring hie life. He died A. D. 2. [Mr: . //"W. <>'■< ens /. • ■ ...... 2 r >. Note.— " Boadicia, the warti "The British warrior Qi Ble< ding from the Roman rods, Who ght with ;tn Indignanl mien. ( lounsel oi her country ' Alternately excites our admiration and sympathy. "This princess has the highest claims upon British sympathy, from the fact thai she was horn, nun i d and bi ed among her coun- trymen. She had no leaning to the Roman fi 1 1 the soil. Britain alone had her heart, and the freedom of ber country, for which women as well as men in her time lived and (Ik d, ambition." I noble ><>, atfU r a br 1 n i her rights, had been defeated and doomed to th- lio 1 ol gri a Roman triumph. B< , had .iik arid dignity of 1 Ity or happiness being the att< I hon 1 . She dhv played on all -• pirit, worthy < 1 brity 1 );f; obtained. Aft r i ed in battle hy th<: Bomans, and, in accords to hei pi opl< ither in bond (amy ; «he would neither stoop to be th will nor grace a Soman triumph. termined hy )■ to terminate hei defeated but unyielding Quc':ii was interred with honors by her di British ■objects, while the Roman urned in triumph to 1 for his brillii d to the ) lignity. He was aftei • ; .. He subdued all the south* rn pi • garri ons along the northern frontier, to prevent th< of the barbarians, and sent oul the Roman 6< .1 firwt. dj .. 1 d that Britain 1 an I and. [ Mr. . Ha Englwrtd \ e4&, Nor;.. One of the racthoi 1 by th 1 fi'ii, of the Briti ih pi i is tod Ide their Interests. With this vie <■, the E nperoi Claudi Britain, propo ied to K ng :■. 1 . born but noblc-minde pt In man iage the hand of . the dau \XiU r ol 1 This mai 1 iage, though \> : a with , on hy the Britons. To the young I . obad ENGLISH CHART. peen brought from her luxurious southern home to sever the matrimonial ties existing between two native Britons, nil seemed fair, and she proposed to her father to erect anew city upon the BCene of their espousals, as eoinmemorative of the occasion. Claudius willingly assented, and in person laid the foundation of a city, to which he gave his own name— Claudiocester, now Gloucester. Arviragus seemed at first fascinated w : .ili the beauty of his gentle bride. Tliis prince seems to have been imperious, haughty and unstable. He broke faith with his allies, the Romans, which Gwinissa, in her character of "winner of peace" once settled amicably between the parties; but on the Becond occasion of the kind, Arviragus finally deserted his young Roman wife and returned to Boadi- Bia. i rtionofher caused her death; maternal anguish Was prematurely brought on, and she expired in giving birth to a bob. " IMrs. Hal Notk. — '• Where," Bays Mrs. Hall, "is there a page to bo found in tlir whole history of any country more glorious than that, devoted t > the British St. Helena, the Empress Mother of Constantino the Great, the self-devoted wife, the patron Christianity, the discoverer oi' the true cross, the builder of churches, the mother oi' the oppressed, the glorious career of whose influences has in a thousand ways, directly and indir descended to our own times, with her name and history." This Empress was a native-born Briton, whose rather, by a train of circumstances, had become the enemy of the Romans. Canstantiua, a Roman general, fi the rebel Briton to order, li id him in his capi Colchester. The Briton bn i I himself for three years. bu1 \>.:> a1 l< gth relieved by I aeral entering into a treat; for the hand of his daughter, '• th Helena.*' > Express and mothi Great. She is sup- posed to have attended the celebrate 1 Council A. D. S25, and to have then been about aigfa j j The place of her deattt is unoertain. [Mrs. HcUPs Que . brilli tut mil at Aqu t and bo d QUESTIONS ON THE headed without the knowledge of the Emperor Theodosius the at, 'who had become Emperor of the West. This generous sovereign settled a pension upon Helena and her sons, and sent them back to Britain. Ityrs. HalVs Queens of England, p. 176. When was Britain evacuated by the Eomans? Ans. Anno Domini 426. _., ^ [Ty tier's Chronological Table. When did Queen Boadicia live ? Ans. In the first century. [Mrs. Ha IPs Lives of English Queens. When did Grwenissa? Ans. In the first century. [Ibid. What two illustrious females lived in the fourth %™y\ [ibid. l»y whom was roads constructed in Roman Britain? [Ibid. When was Britain overrun by the Picts and SC ht! ? , [Ty tier's Chronological Table. What British King lived in the fifth century? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 53. What was the name of Vortigern's Queen? [Mrs. Hall's Queens of England, page 39. Note.— The Saxon princess Eowena, the daughter of Hen- gist, the first leader of the Saxons into Britain, is celebrated in history as being the means of introducing the Saxon sway over the British kingdom. Vortimer and Voriigern were two brothers, joint sovereign, of Britain. Hengist used the beauty ol his daughter to ensnare the affections of Vortigern. Al- though he had been previously married to a British lady of royal birth this la dy orced to ma Ice way for the Saxon beauty. Mrs. Hall The ill treatment of a woman introduced the enen. er country. Vortigern's first wife wis much beloved ople, more particularly because she was a Christian, while Rowena was a pagan. Moreover V ortigern had promised her full liberty in the exercise of her ?i Wa ^ e l lg,or V c1 The T comi ng of Hengist to assist them against the Ficts and Scots hid been welcomed by the heloless Britona as a deliverance from threatened bondage, nut the advance- ment of a foreigner and a pagan to the position of Queen Con- ENGLISH CHART. 9 -Mid the consequent divorce of their Christian country- woman, pointed out the necessity of expostulation. Th« de commenced between the two parties, which resulted in the death of Vortimer, who headed the Britons, and who had defeated the Saxons and expelled them from the island. He was poisoned by the artifice of his sister-in-law Rowena. To this step she was led by the instigations of her father, and itis thought the connivance oi her husband, whom she soon contrived to have r iod upov •, by flattering the nobility. Hengist reappeared in England with his Si followers, invited Vortigern to a banquet at Ambresbury, with about three hundred noble Britons. The nobles were treach- erously slain, Vortigen ied prisoner, and the Saxon sway commenced. [M Queens of England, p. 179. What important event occurred in the fifth cen- tury? [Russell's Modern Europe. When did the Sax in Britain? [Ibid, p. 54. When did iElla, the Saxon, conquer nearly all Britain? [Bid. When was Arthur King of the Cu tnbrian Britons? [ Tytler and Lyme What wore the names of the three Queens of Ar- thur? [Mrs. Hall's i >fEng.,pp. 189, 198,205. Arthur, King of the Cumbrian Britons, with his " Kn of the Round Table, has been the theme of history ^ind legend, of minstrel and poet, for many ages, though we have but authentic infi treer. Mrs. Hall tells us of his three Guenevers. The *rst and second she pai' gentle and noble, b • share the throne with Arthur. It was on ofhisnupt 'juenever second, very soon after the battle of Bannesdown Hill, in 511, when Arthur, flushed with victory, instituted the famous of knighthood whose members were designated the " Knigbta of the Round Table." The motto assigned to the order was, " Spread be my board, round as the horizon and ample a? rr.y heart, that there may be no first or last ; for odious is distinc- tion, where merit is equal."' Of Guenever third, nothing commendable is said by Mrs. Hall, who represent:} her character in the same light as Sir Walter Scott gives in his "Bridal of Thierma biographer r.nd the poet agree. [Mrs. Rall,vp. 130, t 1* 10 ENGLISH CHART. What is the date of the final subjugation of the island by the Saxons? [ Worcester's Chart of History, How many kingdoms did the Saxons establish in Britain ? [ Russell's Modern Europe, vol.1, p. 55. By what title arc these seven kingdoms distin- guished? [Ibid. What are the names of the seven kingdoms which constituted the Saxon Heptarchy? [Ibid. By whom and at what date were each <»f these established? [Lyman's Historical Chart. At what periocl did the Saxons embrace Chris- tianity? [Tytler** Chronological Table. Under whoso preaching were they converted to Christianity? [Ibid. What two distinguished men lived during the time of the Sax barchy? [Lyman' 1 s Chart. Who was the first Christian princess of Saxon Britain, and of what country was she a native? [Mrs. Hail's Queens of England, page 219. i ha, of Fj I , , 'i;ime can hut excite peculiar intere of posterity as hav- ing fir-t introdua aity among the Saxons. Her accompli hearts, and her irreproachable conduct their esteem. She was zealous for the propagation of her faith. She made use of every Legitimate means to recon- cile her husband (Ethelbert, King of Kent) to the principles of Christianity. It was mainly duo to this princess that Pope Gregory the Great sent St. Augustine on his celebrated missien to Britain, which resulted in the Saxons embracing Chris- tianity. Augustine was hospitably entertained at the Court of Ethelred and Bertha, and every facility which they could r-i\e to forward hifl mission, ■• tly and freely accorded him. [Mrs. HaW, } ens of England, page 221. Who united the Saxon Heptarchy into one king- dom? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. \,p. 55. Of whicn one of the seven kingdoms was Egbert King by inheritance? [Ibid. At what date did he subdue the other kingdoms of the Heptarchy? [Ibid. ENGLISH HISTORY. CHAPTER II. THE SAXON DYNASTY. When was the Monarchy established in England, and who was the first King ? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 55. What was the name and native country of the Queen of Egbert ? [Mrs. Hall's Q;<(:cns of England, page 309. By whom was Egbert succeeded, and what rela- tionship existed between them? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 55. What was the name and native country of the first Queen of Ethelwolf ? [Mrs. Hall's Queens of England, page 309. What relationship existed between Ethelwolf and his successors, and what were their names? [RusselVs Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 77. What princess is mentioned as the consort both of Ethelwolf and his son Ethelbald, and of what country was she a native? [Mrs. HaWs Queens of England, page 324. Of the two brothers, Ethelbert and Ethelbald, who succeeded their father in 857, which of them longest survived, and at what date did he reign alone? [Russell's Modern Europe, page 77. By whom was Ethelbert succeeded, and what re- lationship existed between them? [ibid. What event is noticed in this reign, and what is the date of tb ' [ Ty tier's Chronological Table. 12 ENGLISH HISTORY. By whom was Ethelred succeeded, and what rela- tionship existed between them? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. I,page77. What was the name and native country of the Queen Consort of Alfred the Gr<- [Mrs. Hall's Queens of England, page 336. What are 1 •<•<] in connection with the reign of Alfred the Great? [Russell's Modern Euro^ ? 79, 80, 81. What are the dates of each of these events? [Lyman's Chart and Tytler's Tables. What appellation was bestowed upon Alfred by his people? Note. — The appellatioi pon Alfred byh' ful p( - more pleasing to such a mind a than the title of "Gi - been tmivei awarded : ; l after hi Hume that perfect chari :, under . the delineating rather ■ . • ipes of e [II • i ■ and - .. ■ ■: Ill |g : in which he lived. [ Wi J 70. ] gave every i rnent to the cultivation *f letters, a:s the best means of eradicating barbarism. H« invited from every quarter of Europe the learned to resile \m lominions; established school 1 the University »f Oxford, and was hi :aroftho age in which he lived, as appears from the works whi< composed — Poetical Apologues, the translation • tories vol. 1, page 101. What is the name of the Danish conqueror who mounted the throne of England in 1017 ? [Ibid. What is said of the power of Canute the Great ? [Lyman's Historical Chart. What was the name of the first consort of Cai. the Great, and what was her native coun [RussclVs Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 106. Who was Lis second consort-. native country? [Airs. HaW s Queens of J \ge 395. What relationship did tain to four sovereigns of England, viz: Athel Canute the Great, Hardic* Confessor! [RussclVs Mode p. 106. By whom was Canute the Great led, and what relationship existed between them? [Ibid. Who was the mother of Harold Harefoot? [lb By whom was Harold Harefoot succeeded, and what relationship existed between them? [Ibid. Who was the mother of Hardic [Mrs. HalVs Queens of I ige 425. Whateventis noticedin the reign of Hardicanute? [ Lym ici's Ch art. How many of the Danish race of Kings swayed the sceptre of England? Give the date and length of each reign in the order in which they occurred. Who ascended the throne of Ecgland in IG4J ENGLISH HISTORY. what race of Kings was he, and what claim did ho advance to the crown of England ? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 10(L Who was the mother of Edward the Confessor? [Mrs. Hall's Queens of England, page 428. What was the name, character and native country of the Queen of Edward the Confessor? [Ibid, page 440. What great work did he do for the better regula- tion of the interest of his subjects in 1044? [Lyman's Historical Chart. What other particular is mentioned of him? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 106. By whom was he succeeded ? [Ibid, page 108. By what authority did Harold, Earl Godwin, ascend the throne? [Lyman's Historical Chart. What was the name andnative country of Harold's consort ? [Mrs. Hall's Queens of England, p. 458. How many Kings of Saxon origin reigned over England after the Danish conquest ? Note.— Emma, of Normandy, was the first princess of for- eign birth who had intermarried with an English sovereign since Bertha of France, had shared the throne first with Ethel- wolf, and then with his 3on Eihelbald, Like Bertha, she too shared the throne with two sovereigns ; but her two royal husbands were not related to each other, as were the hus- bands of Bertha. Yet, notwithstanding the able defence of Queen Emma by Mrs, Hall, we would conjecture she was fond of the state a»d title of Queen, She married the mortal foe of her first husbands and the conqueror of his realm whose power sent forth her Saxon children to seek an asylum at the Court of her brother, the Duke of Normandy, The marriage of Etbslred with this "Pearl of Normandy/' as Bhe was styled in her father's Court, was the remote cause of tna conquest of England by the Normans, Edward the Confessor having been protected and educated at the Court of his uncle, carried with him, to the throne of England, Norrnzm manners and feelings, and thronged his Court with Norman noblee ; and although this so far disgusted his Saxon subjecti o 18 ENGLISH HISTORY. as to cause them upon his death to advance the Saxon Harold to the throne, the ambition of William of Normandy was not to be restrained by the election of Harold to the vacant throne. Pretending to lay great stress upon a promise given him by Edward the Confessor, while a guest at the Court of his father, and also upon a will made by the deceased monarch in his favor, he landed in England with an army, and by the right of conquest took possession of the crown. King Harold was killed at the battle of Hastings, and none other arose to dis- pute the title of William of Normandy to the vacant throne. Under his government the English suffered many of the evils of a conquered people ; for although William took the usual oath administered to the Anglo-Saxon Kings, when he was crowned at Westminster Abbey, and confirmed the nobility and gentry in the possession of their lands and dignities, and London and the other cities in the enjoyment of their liberties and immunities, he very soon disarmed the natives, placed all real power in the hands of the Normans, among whom he divided the forfeited estates of Harold and his adherents. The Saxons were excluded from every road to riches or prefer- ment, and it became a crime in an Englishman to be opulent, noble or powerful. He caused the Norman language to be adopted in the service of the Church, as well as in the courts of justice ; he introduced the feudal system, and he compelled the people to extinguish their fires at the sound of the curfew bell, or "the fire covering bell," which was rung at eight o'clock in the evening. Says Dr. Russell: "He laid waste the fertile country between the Humber and the Tees, reduced the houses to ashes, destroyed the implements of husbandry, and the lives of a hundred thousand persons are computed to have been sacrificed to this one stroke of his barbarous policy." One of the most useful acts of his reign was his compiling the celebrated " Doomsday Book," which contained a register of all the estates of the kingdom. [Russell and Worcester. ENGLISH HISTORY. CHAPTER IV. THE NORMAN DYNASTY. What decisive battle was fought in 1066, and what was the result of that battle? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 111. Who succeeded to the throne of England in 1066? [Ibid. Read the note appended to Chapter III., and tell by what title William the Conqueror ascended the throne of England? What law did William the Conqueror introduce into England, and at what date did he introduce it? [RusselVs Modem Europe, vol. 1, page 140. What was the name and native country of the Queen consort of William the Conqueror? [Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. l,p. 17. By whom was William the Conqueror succeeded, and what relationship existed between them ? [RusselVs Modem Europe, vol. 1, page 143. By whom was William Rufus succeeded, and what relationship existed between them? [Ibid, 146. What bloody contest is recorded in the reign of Henry Beauclerck, and what cruel deed did the King perpetrate upon the person of his brother Robert/ [Lyman's Chart. What were the names of the two Queens of Henry Beauclerck, and what was the native country of each of them? [Miss Strickland 1 s QueensofEng., vol. l,p. 79, 119. 20 ENGLISH HISTORY. Who was his successor upon the throne, and what relationship existed between them? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 160. Through whom did Stephen, Earl of Blois, claim a right to ascend the throne of England? [Ibid. What was the name and native country of the Queen of Stephen? [Miss Strickland's Queens of England, p. 142. When was astronomy introduced into England, and from what people ? [Lyman's Table of Discoveries and Inventions. When was geometry introduced, and from what source? [Ibid. When were glass windows first used? [Ibid. When was canon law introduced into England? [Ty tier's Chronological Table. How many Norman Kings reigned over England* and what was the date and length of each reign? Note. — By examining the explanations and references on the Chart, it will be seen that the bright scarlet circles denote usurpers, or those who attained supreme power by subverting the hereditary rights of others. Thus it will be seen that the whole race of Norman Kings ascended the throne by violence. William Rufus and Henry Beauclerck both invaded the heredi- tary rights of their eldest brother Robert, and Henry finally put out his eyes, and kept him a prisoner for twenty-eight years. It seemed a just retribution when the proud heir of this cruel and unnatural brother was lost at sea. Miss Strick- land says : * ' Henry was so thunder-struck with the disastrous tidings that he sank upon the floor in a deep swoon, and remained in that condition for several hours ; and the chroni- clers all agree that he was never again seen to smile." The loss of the young prince caused the nephew of King Henry to aspire to the throne ; thus invading the hereditary rights of the daughter of Henry— the Empress Matilda, or Maude. So it will be seen that Stephen, the last of the Norman Kings, is also represented on the Chart as a usurper. ENGLISH HISTORY. CHAPTER Y. THE PLANTAGENET DYNASTY. What succession ascended the throne on the death of Stephen, Earl of Blois ? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 162. Who was the first sovereign of the House of Plan- tagenet? [Ibid. Did Henry II. ascend the throne by the right of •conquest or by hereditary right? [Ibid. Through whom did he claim his right to sway the sceptre of England? [Ibid* Who was his father? [Ibid. What was the name and native country of the Queen of Henry II? [Miss Strickland' s Queens of England, vol. I,pl66. What events are noticed in this reign ? Give the date of each event. [Russell 1 s Modern Europe, vol. 1, pp. 168, 170. Who succeeded Henry II., and what relationship existed between them? [Ibid, page 172. What important expedition did Richard I. under- takeas soon as he ascended the throne? [Ibid, p. 178. What was the name and native country of the Queen Consort of Richard I? [Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. 2,_p.9. Note. — It is a singular fact that Berengaria, although the consort of one of England's most renowned sovereigns, and a patron of every genuine and conjugal virtue, was never on the shores of England. [Ibid, page 27. 22 BNGLI8H HISTORY. By whom was Richard I. succeeded, and what relationship existed between them? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 183. What events are noticed in this reign, and what 16 the date of each event? [Ibid, pages 186, 187. Note. — On the death of Richard I., John Lackland disputed the succession with his nephew r Arthur, Duke of Britany or Bretagne, the son of Geoffrey, the elder brother of John. Every thing promised success to the young Duke Arthur, when he was unfortunately taken prisoner by his ambitious uncle John, and inhumanly murdered. The fate of this un- happy youns: prince, says Dr. Russell, " is differently related, but the following seems the most probable account: After having employed unsuccessfully different assassins, John went himself in a boat, by night, to the Castle of Rouen, where Arthur was confined, and ordered him to be brought forth. Aware of his danger, and subdued by the continuance of his misfortunes and by the approach of death, the brave youth who had before gallantly maintained the justice of his cause, threw himself upon his knees before his uncle, and begged for mercy. But the barbarous tyrant, making no reply, stabbed his nephew to the heart, and fastening a stone to the dead body, threw it into the Seine. John's misfortunes commenced with his crime. The whole world was struck with horror at the barbarity of his conduct, and he was from that moment detested by his subjects, both in England and on the Conti- nent." It was from this wieked and despicable tyrant that the English Barons extorted that great palladium ©f English liberty, the Magna Charta. [Russell's Modem Europe, vol. I, pages 183, 187. What are the names of the two consorts of John Lackland, and what the native country of each? [Miss Strickland 1 s Queens of England,vol. 2, pp. 28, 30. Note. — Notwithstanding the civil troubles in England for the last century and a half, many foreign improvements were introduced into the kingdom; and a great advance was made in civilization, commerce and power. [Lyman's Chart, and Russell, page 172. Note, —The Piantagenets all married foreign princesses, which not only brought them an acquisition of Continental ENGLISH HISTORY. 23 power, but was the means of introducing many improvements in the arts, sciences, manufactures, &c, &c. One of the con- sorts of King John was native born, but she died before he ascended the throne. By whom was Jolm Lackland succeeded, and what relationship existed between them? [RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 198. What two important political events are noticed in connection with the reign of Henry III? [Ibid, pages 199, 202. What important inventions in the reign of Henry III? [Lyman's Table of Inventions. Who was the mother of Henry III ? [Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. 2, p. 36. What was the name and native country of his consort? [Ibid, page 47. By whom was Henry succeeded, and what rela- tionship existed between them? [RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 243. What are the events noticed in the reign of Ed- ward I. of England, and what is the date of each event? [Lyman's Chart and Russell, pp. 220, 221. Note. — By a most palpable error imaginable, one which is subject to detection by the veriest tyro in history — one which can be corrected by any child who has ever read the shortest abridgment of English history — the appellation of English Justinian, which has been awarded to Edward I. by all English historians, has on the Chart been bestowed upon Edward III. The events noticed on the Chart in connection with the reign of Edward I. are sufficiently indicative of his character as a warrior and politician ; but, says Dr. Russell : " His merits as a legislator obtained for him the honorable appellation of ' Eng- lish Justinian.' The numerous statutes passed during his reign, settled the chief points of jurisprudence, and deserve the name, says Sir Edward Coke, of establishments; because they have been more constantly standing and durable than any made since. * * * But although Edward took so much care that his subjects should do justice to each other, we cannot ascribe it to his love of equity ; for in all his trans- 24 ENGLISH HISTORY. actions, either with them or with his neighbors, he alwavs desired to have his own hands free ; and his violences upon both were not few." [BusseWs Mod. Europe, vol. I, p. 223. What were the names and native countries of the two consorts of Edward I? [Miss Strickland's Queens Eng., vol. 2, pp. 89,109. Who succeeded Edward II., and what relation- ship existed between them ? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 223. What celebrated battle was fought, in which the English were defeated in 1314? [Ibid, 225. What befell the King in 1326? [Ibid, 228. What was the name of the Queen Consort of Ed- ward II., and what was her native country? [Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., page 122. Who was the mother of Edward II ? [Ibid, 99. By whom was Edward II. succeeded on the throne, and what relationship existed between them ? [Russell's Modern Europe, page 240. What events are noticed in the reign of Edward III? [Ibid, 241. Where and when were cannon first used by the English? [Lyman's Chart. When were muskets first used? [Lyman's Table of Inventions. What was the name and native country of the Queen Consort of Edward II? [Miss Strickland' s Queens of Eng., page 187. By whom was Edward III. succeeded, and what relationship existed between them ? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 258. Through whom did Richard II. claim the crown of England ? [Ibid. What was the name and native country of the mother of Richard II? [Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. 2, p. 198. ENGLISH HISTORY. 25 What were the names of his two Queens, and what was the native country of each ? [Ibid, page 296; vol. 3, 2iage ( J. Note. — To Anne of Bohemia is attributed the honor of being the first in that illustrious band of princesses who were the nursing mothers of the Reformation; and Fox, the Martyrolo- gist, declares that the Bohemians who attended Anne to Eng- land, first introduced the works of Wickliffe to John Huss ; and Count Valerian Krasinski, in his valuable History of the Reformation in Poland, confirms this assertion, from the records of his country. [Miss Strickland's Queens of England, vol. 2, p. 211. What two great events are mentioned in connec- tion with the reign of Richard II., which have had a prominent influence upon the national character of England? \ Lyman's Chart. When did Wickliffe die? [Ibid. Which of the Plantagenet Kings ascended the throne by violence ? [RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. \,page 18U. How many kings of this race of sovereigns reigned over England, and what is the date and length of each reign ? ENGLISH HISTORY. CHAPTER VI. LANCASTERIAN DYNASTY. What battle was fought in 1399, and what was the result of that battle? [Lyman's Chart. What befell King Richard II. the same year? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page%£fil. Who ascended the throne the same year? [Ibid. Note. — Read the third paragraph in the second column on the Chart, and state the cause of the civil war denominated the " War of the Roses," which desolated England so long a period, and tell by what authority Henry IV. ascended the throne, and whose hereditary rights he invaded. What were the names of the two consorts of Henry IV., and what was the native country of each? [Miss Strickland's Queens o/Eng, vol. 3,pp. 38, 54. What battle was fought in 1403 ? [Ty tier's Chronological Table. What important law was passed in 1410, which attaches a stigma to this reign? [Russell's Mod. Europe, p. 262. By whom was Henry IV. succeeded, and what relationship existed between them? [Ibid, 264. What are the two events noticed in the reign of Henry V., and what is the date of one of them? [Ibid, pages 274, 276. lenry V ? Who was the mother of Henry [Miss Strickland's Queens o/Eng., vol. 3, p. 54.. ENGLISH HISTORY. 27 What was the name and native country of his Queen Consort? [Ibid, page 82. Who succeeded Henry V. upon the throne, and what relationship existed between them? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 277 . What events are noticed in this reign, and what are the dates of each? Who was the Queen of Henry VI., and what was her native country ? [Miss Strickland's Queens ofEng., vol. 3, p. 123. How many sovereigns of the Lancasterian Dy- nasty reigned over England ? Give the date of each reign, and the length of each. How many of the Lancasterian Kings ascended the throne by violence ? Give the name or namea of those who did so. Whom did Henry IV. dethrone ? Note. — Henry IV. had been one of the most popular noble- men in England. He had been educated in the doctrines of Wickliffe, whom his father " John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancas- ter," had protected and favored. He had seen his aged sire, " Old John of Gaunt, time-honored Lancaster," dragged from a retirement which he loved, before the court tribunal of Richard II., to clear himself of the accusation of treason, which had no other foundation than the favor and protection which he had bestowed upon the great Wickliffe, the first translator of the Bible into English. He himself had been banished from England, on an unfounded charge of treason, originating in his father's expressed opinions in favor of the reformer, and in which the courtiers implicated Henry. But after he ascended the throne, says Worcester, " he needed the support of the clergy, to sustain him in^ his usurped posses- sions. He yielded his faith to his political interest. He per- secuted and endeavored to suppress the faith his father loved ; and has the unenviable distinction of being the first English sovereign who favored the burning of their subjects for their religious opinions. He became a very unpopular monarch. His peace of mind was destroyed by jealousy and remorse. He was an object of pity, even when seated on a throne, and he felt the truth of the language which Shakspeare puts into his mouth : " ' Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown^' " ENGLISH HISTORY. CHAPTER VII. HOUSE OF YORK. What battle was fought in 1471? [Lyman's Chart. Note Read the second paragraph in the last column on the Chart, and tell why there is an apparent anachronism in placing the battle of Tcwksbury between Henry VI. and Ed- ward IV. When was the first sovereign of the House of York proclaimed King? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 289. Who was the first King of this House? (Ibid. Note.— Trace the genealogy and tell by what claim Edward IV. ascended the throne of England. According to hereditary rights, who had the best •claim to the crown of England, Henry VI. or Ed- ward IV? What are the events noticed in connection with the reign of Edward IV ? [Sir Edward Bulwer and Russell. What was the name and native country of the •Queen of Edward IV? Who succeeded Edward IV. upon the throne, and what relationship existed between them? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page293. What were the events of the reign of Edward V., and what was the result of those events ? [Ibid, page 295. ENGLISH HISTORY. 29 Who succeeded Edward V. upon the throne, and tvhat relationship existed between them ? [Ibid, page 295. What event is noticed as ending with the reign of Richard III? [Ibid, 297. With what battle did the reign of Hi chard III. :dose, and what is the date of that battle? [Ibid 297. What was the name of the Queen of Richard III., md what was her native country ? [Miss Strickland's Queens ofEng., vol.S, p. 243. How many sovereigns of the House of York wore the crown of England ? Give the date and length ijf each reign. How many of these ascended the throne by sub- verting the rights of others ? Note. — Look on the Chart and see whose rights Richard III. invaded when he ascended the throne. Note.— "The multiplied and detestable crimes of Richard III, who had waded to the throne through the blood of his nearest relations,*' says Worcester, " found anavengerin Henry, Earl of Richmond, the only surviving heir to the House of Lancas- ter." On the bloody field of Bosworth the crown of England was again lost and won, Richard was slain, lighting bravely to the last. "A life so infamous," says Hume, "did not merit so glorious a death." Dr. Russell says: "His bravery and talents earned him such a death, and it would have been a matter of regret had he died in his bed, after disturbing so cruelly the repose of mankind ; but his death was sufficiently violent to prevent his life from becoming an object of imita^ tion." ENGLISH HISTORY. CHAPTER VIII. HOUSE OF TUDOR. What house or dynasty ascended the throne in 1485, the same date as the battle of Bosworth? (RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 311. What was the name of the first King of the House of Tudor? (Ibid. What was the name of the Queen of Henry VII., and what was her native country? (Ibid. Note. — Trace the genealogy of Henry VII., and also the genealogy of his Queen, Elizabeth of York, and read the rival claims united by the marriage of these heirs of the long con- tending factions of the "Red and White Roses," and we must conclude that this marriage gave universal satisfaction to the nation. But Dr. Russell says that "although Henry was in many respects a prudent and politic prince, he had unhappily imbibed a violent antipathy against the adherents of the House of York, which no time or experience was ever able to efface; and as he carried to the throne all the partialities that belong to the leader of a faction, his reign did not give that universal satisfaction to his subjects, which they had anticipated, and which a more liberal policy would have done. He, neverthe- less, availed himself of the situation in which he was placed — holding the balance of power between the two factions which had so long distracted England — to suppress, in a great measure, the feudal system. Wko succeeded Henry VII., and what relation- ship existed between them? (RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 319, How many Queens did Henry VIII. have? ENGLISH HISTORY. iVi What were their names, and what the native oountry of each? {Miss Strickland's Queens of England, vol. i, pp. 63, 122, 216, 236, 271); vol. 5, page 9. Note. — Henry VIII. divorced his first Queen, Catharine of Arragon : beheaded Anne Boleyn; Jane Seymour died, at the birth of her son, Edward VI.; Anne of Cleves was divorced ; Katharine Howard beheaded ; Katharine Parr outlived tho " regal ruffian," who has the unenviable distinction of being the first English monarch who ever brought a female to the block. Never before the legal murder of Anne Boleyn had the blood of woman flowed from a scaffold in England. Miss Strickland says : li Even in the Norman reigns of terror, wo- man's life had been held sacred ; and the most merciless of the Plantagenet sovereigns had been too manly, tinder any provocation or pretence, to butcher ladies. But the age of chivalry was over, and not one spark of its ennobling spirit lingered in the breast of the sensual tyrant who gave th« first example of sending Queens and Princesses to the block, like sheep to the shambles. * * * * "On the 19th of May, 1536, Henry VTn., attired for the chase, with his huntsmen and hounds around ho», was stand- ing under a spreading oak, breathlessly awaiting the signal gun from the tower, which was to announce that the axe had fallen upon the neck of his once entirely beloved Anne Bo- leyn. At last, when the bright summer sun rode high towards its meridian, the sullen sound of the death-gun boomed along the windings of the Thames. Henry started with ferocious joy . ' Ha ! ha !' he cried, with satisfaetion, ' the deed is done ; un- couple the bounds and away.' * * * * At nightfall he was in Wiltshire, telling the news to his bride elect, Jane Seymour." The next morning he married this beautiful but treacherous maid of honor of his murdered Queen, Anne Boleyn. It seemed a kind of retributive justice on this Queen, that she should be supplanted in the affections of her fickle consort by one of her own maids of honor. She had occupied the same office in the household of the noble-minded Katharine of Arragon, and by her coquetry had estranged the heart of Henry from his admirable consort. After she found she had captivated the roving fancy of the monarch, she set her heart upon obtaining the crown matrimonial of England. She won the stake for which she played, but it proved a perilous game. The divorce from Katharine of Arragon had been pronounced, 32 ENGLISH HISTORY. and Anne Boleyn crowned Queen Consort of Henry VIII.; yet when the ill-treated Katharine expired, the joy of Anne Avas unbounded, and she exclaimed : "Now I am indeed a Queen." Could she have seen coming events, she would have found small cause for joy. In a few short months, the crown matri- monial was wrested from her brow, by the hands of her beau- tiful maid of honor, and her neck consigned to the merciless olow of the headsman of Calais, who had been brought to England to perform this dastardly deed of royal butchery. {Miss Strickland's Queens of England, vol. 4. When were hats first made in London ? [Lyman 1 s Tables of Inventions. What foreign luxuries were introduced into Eng- land in the reign of Henry VIII ; from what country, and what date? [Ibid. By whom was Henry VIII. succeeded, and what relationship existed between them? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 410. Which one of the Queens of Henry VIII. was the mother of Edward VI ? [Ibid. What is said of the disposition of Edward towards the Reformation? [Lyman's Chart. When did the great trading companies take their rise in England? [Lyman's Table of Improvements. By whom was Edward VI. succeeded, and what relationship existed between them ? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 410. What was the name of Queen Mary's mother, and what was her native country ? [Ibid, What was the event noticed in the reign of Queen Mary? [Ibid, 119. Who was the consort of Queen Mary, and what was his native country? [Ibid, 118. By whom was Mary succeeded, and what rela« iship existed between them? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. I, page 410, ENGLISH HISTORY. 33 Who was the mother of Queen Elizabeth, and what was her native country? [Ibid. When was the Church of England established? [Lyman's Chart. When were post letters first used in England, and for what purpose ? Lyman'' s Tabic of Improvements. When were coaches first used? [Ibid. When was the East India Company established? [Ibid. When did Sir Francis Drake circumnavigate the globe? [Ibid; Ty 'tier says 1580. W T hen did Sir Walter Kaleigh discover Virginia? [Tytler's Table. When was Mary Queen of Scots beheaded? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, pdgc 48G, What was the name of the first newspaper estab- lished in England, and what was the date of its establishment? [Lyman's Table of Improvements. When was the first paper mill for making linen paper established in England? [Ibid. When was stocking wearing invented in England? When was the University of Dublin established? [Tytler's Table. When was the Bank of England incorporated ? Ans. Tytler says 1594; Lyman says 1694. How many sovereigns of the house of Tudor swayed the sceptre of England, and what is the date and length of each reign? Note. — After a long and eventful reign, glorious in the annals of England, Queen Elizabeth, the proud inheritor of all the "iron will" of the Tudors, the treacherous relative of Mary Queen of Scots, who had planted so many thorns in the pillow of that most beautiful but hapless sovereign, was succeeded upon the throne of her successors by the son of her long- imprisoned kinswoman. Look at the Chart and compare the date of the ascension of James VI. to the throne of Scotland 3 34 ENGLISH HISTORY. with the date of the event " Mary Queen of Scots beheaded," annexed to the reign of Elizabeth, and you will find an interval of twenty years. Eighteen years of this period was spent by this much maligned sovereign in the prisons of Elizabeth Tudor. Queen Elizabeth had always been jealous of Mary Stuart's near proximity to the throne of England, and also of her attractions as a woman, and had ever refused, upon the most urgent solicitation of her council, to name any successor to her crown. But when the Royal Tudor Lioness, as she has been styled, was laid upon her dying couch, and her Ministers insisted on her naming a successor, she replied : " I have held a Regal Sceptre; I desire no other than a Royal Successor." Even in that moment she seemed averse to explicitly naming the son of her persecuted kinswoman as the heir of the crown which she was about to leave ; but Cecil, wishing her to be more definite in her answer, asked her to explain herself. She then said : " Who should that be but my nearest kinsman, the young King of Scots." " And thus," says Dr. Russell, " the crown of England passed from the House of Tudor to the House of Stuart with as much tranquility as it was ever trans- mitted from father to son;" thus realizing the prophetic remark of Henry VII. , when his daughter Margaret was de- manded in marriage by James IY. of Scotland. When some of his Council objected to the Scottish marriage, that at a future day it might result in a foreigner's inheriting the crown of England, quoth the sagacious monarch : " It would only be that Scotland would give England a King. Were such an event to occur, it would be the easiest way to conquer our sister kingdom. The Scots are proud, and would feel the dignity of giving a king to England, and submit without a murmur to a native prince of Scotland." SCOTTISH HISTORY. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER I. OF SCOTTISH HISTORY. "When is it supposed that Furgus I. of Scotland established the Monarchy, and began to reign? Ans. B. C. 330. [Lyman's Chart. What interval of time elapsed between the reigns of Furgus I. and Furgus II., and what is said of the Kings who reigned during this period? [Ibid. Under whose preaching, and at what date, were the Scots converted to Christianity? [Ty tier's Table. What interval elapsed between the reigns of Fur- gus II. and Kenneth McAlpin, ard what is said of the Kings who reigned during this period ? [Ibid. Under whose preaching, and at what date, were the Picts converted to Christianity? [Ibid. Give the names of the Scottish Kings from Ken- neth McAlpin until Malcolm II, in 1004, and the date kf each reign. v t ote. — These names and dates are given by Tytler and Lyman. The genealogy is not given by either author. What event is noticed in the reign of Malcolm I., and what is the date of that event ? Ans. Anno Domini 946. [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. \,p. 95. Note. — By a typographical error on the Chart, giving 920 for 946, it causes an anachronism in this event, which is cor- rected in the above answer. What event is noticed in connection with the reign of Kenneth III ? [Tytler' s Chronological Table, 36 SCOTTISH HISTORY. At what date were the Britons of Strathcluyd annexed to the Scottish Kingdom? [Ibid. Who succeeded Kenneth the Grim upon the throne of Scotland? [Lyman s Chart. At what date did Malcolm II. publish a new code of laws ? [Ibid. _ What powerful sovereign invaded Scotland in 1030 ? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, p. 106. How do you know Canute was a powerful sovereign? (Look on the English Chart, reign of Canute, for an answer to the above question.) By whom was Malcolm II. succeeded, and what relationship existed between them? [Mrs. HalVs Life of Emma of Normandy. What was the native country of the consort of King Duncan I., and whose daughter was she? [RusselVs Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 107. By whom was Duncan murdered, and when ? [Ibid. Note. — When Duncan I. was murdered by Macbeth, bis sons fled into England and sought the protection of their grand father, Siward, Duke of Northumberland. This nobleman, sc celebrated for his loyalty and bravery, undertook, by the orders of Edward the Confessor, to restore the fugitive heirs o the Scottish crown to their rightful inheritance. He marchec into Scotland with an English army, defeated and killed Mac beth in battle, and restored Malcolm Cranmore to the throne of his ancestors. [RusselVs Mod. Europe, vol. I, p. 1G7. When was Malcolm Cranmore restored to the throne of his ancestors ? [Ibid. What was the name and native country of the consort of Malcolm Cranmore? [Miss Strickland's Queens ofEng., vol. 1 , p. 80. What is tho event noticed in this reign, and wha' is the date of that event? [Tytlcr's Table. Who succeeded Malcolm Cranmore upon th< throne, and in what manner did he attain the crown ' [Miss Strickland's Queens ofEng., vol. I, p. 85. SCOTTISH HISTORY. 37 What is said of the state of Scotland during the reign of Donald Bane? [Lyman* s Chart. By whom was Donald Bane succeeded? [Tytler's Table. What is the event noticed in the reign of Duncan II? [Miss Strickland" 1 s Matilda of Scotland. By whom was Duncan II. succeeded, and what relationship existed between them ? [Ibid, p. 93. By whose agency was Edgar restored to the throne of his ancestors ? [Ibid. Note. — It Will appear, by giving attention to the events noticed in connection with the last three reigns, that Duncan II. was but little more than a titular King of Scotland. His father and eldest brother, Prince Edward, had both been slain in a disastrous expedition into England, and the Queen, who was an English princess by birth — a grand-daughter of Ed- mund Ironside of England — dying a few days after the King aud Prince Edward were slain, Donald Bane took advantage* of the death of his sovereign aud prince to grasp the crown : and the reign of Duncan was one continued contest with this usurper of his rights. Edgar Atherling, the brother of Queen Margaret, escaped into England with the younger children of his sister; one of whom, the Princess Matilda, was afterwards the first Queen Consort of Henry Beauclerck of England. It was to the Court of William Rufus that Edgar Atherling fled with the royal children of his sister, in this their time of trouble and need; and Dr. Russell says: " The most liberal measure of the reign of William Rufus was his sending an English army, under the command of Edgar Atheling, into Scotland, to restore Prince Edgar, the true heir to the Scottish crown, to the throne of his ancestors." By whom was Edgar succeeded, and what rela- tionship existed between them? [Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng, vol. 1, p. 108. By whom was Alexander the Fierce succeeded, and what relationship existed between them ? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 160. What battle was fought in 1138 ? [Ibid. Note. — " The battle of the standard" was fought by King David of Scotland, in defence of the rights of his niece, the 33 SCOTTISH HISTORY. Empress Maude, or Matilda, wlio at this time was engaged in a warm contest against Stephen, Earl of Blois, who had usurped the throne of England, on the death of Henry Beau- clerck, the father of Matilda. The treaty of Winchester secured the succession to the son of the Empress, afterwards Henry II.; and by the same treaty, Stephen was allowed to retain possession of the throne during his life. There is much interest attached to King David I. of Scotland, as the ancestor of the great and immortal Robert Bruce; and I have sought diligently to find the name and native country of his Queen, as being the ancestor of the same renowned character, but have sought in vain. By whom was David I. succeeded, and what rela- tionship existed between them? [Tytler. &k ; What is the event noticed in the reign of Mal- colm IV? [Tytler. [Miss Strickland's Eleanora of Aquetaine. By whom was Malcolm IV. succeeded, and what was the relationship between them? [Tytler. What is said of the Scottish institutions, both in Church and State, in the reign of Alexander II ? [Lyman's Historical Chart. What was the name and native country of the Queen of Alexander II? [Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. 2, p. 43. By whom was Alexander II. succeeeed, and what was the relationship between them? [Lyman's Chart. What was the name and native country of the Queen Consort of Alexander III? [Miss Strickland' 's Queens of Eng., vol. 2, p. 61. By whom was Alexander III. succeeded, and what relationship existed between them? [Ibid, p. 87. Through whom did Margaret, Princess of Nor- way, claim the right to ascend the throne of Scot- land? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, p. 216. To whom was Margaret, Princess of Norway, be- trothed in 1385 ? [Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. 1, p. 87. SCOTTISH HISTORY. 39 Who succeeded Margaret of Norway on the throne of Scotland, and what claim did he advance to the crown? [llusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 1, p. 216. Who usurped supreme power in Scotland in 1300? [Ibid, p. 116. In what year did Edward I. of England proceed to burn the Scottish records? [Ibid, p. 218. In what year did Edward I. have Sir William Wallace beheaded? [Ibid, p. 221. Note. — It will be seen by a note connected with the reign of Malcolm I. of Scotland, which event is also noticed on the Chart, that Malcolm rendered homage in 946 to the then King of England, Edmund the Pious, for the District of Cumberland. Dr. Russell aays : " The Scuts, during the reigns of the Norman Kings of England, made many incursions into the bordering counties of England. This race of English sovereigns had as much to attend to in the southern part of the island, and in their Continental dominions, as fully occupied their time and means. The first incursion made by the Scots into England, under the Plantagenet Kings, proved more disastrous to them than former ones had done. Their King, William the Lion, was taken prisoner, and Henry II., as the price of his liberty, extorted from him not only an exorbitant ransom and the promise to surrender the places of the greatest strength in Scotland, but compelled him to render homage for his whole kingdom. Richard I. of England, more generous than his father, solemnly renounced his claims of homage, and absolved the Scottish King from the other hard conditions which Henry U. had imposed— requiring his Scottish Majesty only to render homage for the fiefs which he enjoyed in England." But. on. the death of Alexander III. of Scotland, and the loss at sea,. on her voyage from Norway to Scotland, of the Prin- cess Margaret, near a century after the death of William the Lion, Edward I. of England availed himself of the situation of affairs in Scotland to revive the claim of sovereignty renounced by Richard I. He dethroned Edward Baliol, and usurped the supreme power of the realm, gave orders to destroy all the Scottish records, and every monument of antiquity which might preserve the memory of the independence of the King- dom of Scotland and refute the English claims of supremacy. After having swayed Scotland with the strong arm of military power for many years; after causing the scaffold to stream 40 SCOTTISH HISTORY. with the blood of patriotic Scots, male and female ; after the rights of Scotland had been championed by Wallace and Brnce ; after he had, with most insulting accompaniments, beheaded the one and defeated the other, Edward was ad- vancing with a mighty force, determined to make the now defenceless Scots the victims of his severity, when he was arrested in his remorseless purpose by a power which he could not evade. A mighty Conqueror met him at Carisle. He died with all his hostility te Scotland unappeased. His dying injunctions to his son and successor were to prosecute the Scot- tish war, and, to use a poetical quotation from Sir Walter Scott, " Such hate was his on Solway'a strand, When vengeance clenched his palsied hand, That pointed yet to Scotland's land, As his last accents prayed Disgrace and curse upon his heir, If he one Scottish head should spare, Till stretched upon the bloody lair Each rebel corpse was laid ; Such hate was his, when his last breath Eenounced the peaceful house of death, And bade his bones to Scotland's coast Be borne by his remorseless host, As if his dead and stony eye Could still enjoy her misery." [ The lord of the Isles. His son little regarded his injunctions. H§ was more engaged in sensual pleasures than in prosecuting the ambitious designs of his warlike sire. Robert Bruce soon raised an army in defence of Scotland. He was crowned King at Scone , the same year that Edward II. ascended the throne of Eng- land, but the decisive battle of Bannockburn was not fought until 1314. In after years, no less than three sovereigns of Scotland were prisoners in England, viz: David Bruce, the son and successor of the great Robert, was prisoner of Ed- ward III. for ten years ; James I. of Scotland was prisoner of Henry IV. of England nineteen j^ears ; Mary Queen of Scots was the prisoner of Elizabeth of England for eighteen years. Who succeeded to the throne of Scotland in 1307, and what claim did he advance to the throne? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, p. 225. What was the name and native country of the Queen of Robert Bruce ? [Miss J. Porter's Scottish Chiefs. SCOTTISH HISTORY. 41 What decisive battle was fought in 1314 ? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 225. By whom was Robert Bruce succeeded upon the throne of Scotland, and what relationship existed between them ? [Ibid, 240. What was the name and native country of the Queen Consort of David II? [Ibid. [Miss Strickland's Q. o/Eng., vol. 2, pp. 171, 172. How long, and between what dates, was David II. prisoner in England / [Miss Strickland's Philippa Hainault. What King reigned over England at the time that David II. was a prisoner there/ [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 24G. Who mounted the throne of Scotland during the imprisonment of David II? [Ibid, 248. . What battle was fought in 1346 ? [Ibid, 246. How many Kings have reigned over Scotland since Kenneth III. annexed the Britons of Strath- cluyd to the Scottish Kingdom, in 985? Give tb« date and length of each reign. How many ascended the throne by violence/ Whom did Macbeth murder when he ascended the throne/ Whose rights did Donald Bane subvert when lie usurped the throne of Scotland/ At what date was David II. restored to the throne of Scotland/ Whose rights did Edward I. of England subvert when he usurped the supreme power over Scotland/ Note. — There was a disputed succession to the crown of Scotland, between the elder Robert Bruce and John Baliol, when Edward usurped supreme power. By reading the note in this chapter, on pages 39 and 40, you will find that Edward I. subverted the rights of prince and people when he usurped supreme power in Scotland. 1* SCOTTISH HISTORY. CHAPTER X. CHAPTER II. OF SCOTTISH HISTORY. HOUSE OF STUART. What house or line of sovereigns ascended the throne of Scotland in 1370? [Lyman's Chart. Who "was the first sovereign of the house of Stuart who sat upon the throne of Scotland, and what rela- tionship existed between him and David II? [Tytter's History, page 157. Through whom did Robert II. claim the crown of Scotland? [Sir Walter ScoWs Notes. Who was the father of Robert II? [Ibid. What was the name and native country of the Queen of Robert II? [Ibid. By whom was Robert II. succeeded on the throne of Scotland, and what relationship existed between them? [Tytler's History, page 157. What was the name and native country of the Queen of Robert III? [Miss Strickland's Scottish Queens, vol. 5, p. 95. By whom was Robert III, succeeded, and what relationship existed between them? [Ty tier's History, page 157. What University was founded by James I. of Scotland, and at what date? [Ty tier's Table. What important court did he establish, and when? [Ibid: SCOTTISH HISTORY. 43 How long was James I. of Scotland a prisoner in England? [Chambers' Enc. Eng. Lit., vol.1, p. 37. Who was King of England at this time? (Look to the English Chart for answer.) Who was the Queen Consort of James I., and what was her native country ? [Irving 9 s Sketch Book, page 125. By whom was James I. succeeded, and what relationship existed between them? [Ty tier's History, page 158. What was the name and native country of the Queen Consort of James II? [Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol.3, p. 179. What is said of the manner in which James II. governed his subjects? [Ty tier's History, p. 158; Lyman's Chart. Note. — Compare the dote of the efforts* of James II. to sub- due the power of the nobles with the "suppression of the feudal power" In England by Henry VII., and tell which was in advance in this important movement. By whom was James II. succeeded, and what relationship existed between them? [Ty tier's History, page 158. What was the name and native country of the Queen of James III? [Miss Strickland's Queens of Scot., vol. 3,^.12. What did Margaret of Denmark bring as her dower to the crown of Scotland? [Ty tier's Table. Note. — There is a typographical error on the Chart, in the date of " Annexation of the Orkney and Shetland Isles as the dower of Queen Margaret." The proper date, according to Tytler, is 1468. By whom was James III. succeeded, and what relationship existed between them? [ Tytler' s History, page 158* 44 SCOTTISH HISTORY. What was the name and native country of the Queen of James IV? [Miss Strickland' s Queens of Scot., vol. 1, p. 2. What battle was fought, in which the King was killed, and what was the date of that battle? [Tytler's History, page 158. "Who succeeded James IV. upon the throne of Scotland, and what relationship existed between them? [Ibid. Did Scotland give England a King, or did Eng- the native country of each? [Miss Strickland' s Queens of Scot., vol.1, pp. 161, 318. What important measure was adopted by James V., in 1534? [Ty tier's Table. By whom was James V. succeeded, and what relationship existed between them? [Russell's Modem Europe, vol. 1, page 392. Who was the mother of Mary Queen of Scots? [Miss Strickland's Queens of Scot., vol. 3,p. 10. What were the names of the consorts of Mary Queen of Scots? [Miss Strickland's Mary Stuart. What two great and important events, which have had a j)ermanent influence upon the destiny of Scot- land, occurred in 1560? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 444. Who was the successor of Mary Queen of Scots, and what relationship existed between them ? [Ibid, 450. Who was the father of James VI. of Scotland, and what was his native country ? [Miss Strickland's Queens of Scot., vol. 4,^>.309. What was the name of the Queen of James VI., and what was her native country? [Miss Strickland's Queens En g., vol. 7, p. 234. What institution of learning was founded by SCOTTISH HISTORY. 45 James VI., in Edinburg, before he ascended the English throne? [Lyman's Chart. How many sovereigns of the house of Stuart sat upon the throne of Scotland before the two king- doms were united under one King? What was the date and length of each reign ? I have given the name of the second consort of Margaret of England, the Queen of James IV., and also the consort of her daughter, the Lady Margaret Douglas, because of their near proximity by marriage to the thrones both of England and Scotland. "Mathew Stuart" was first prince of "the blood in Scotland. The near proximity to the throne of these noble- men, combined with their natural ambition, caused much of the trouble of Mary Queen of Scots. Her marriage with the son of Lenox, Henry Lord Darnley, only brought her more under the political machinations of his power-loving father ; and, according to Miss Strickland, Avho has investigated many inedited manuscripts of that period, the parents of Darnley are chargeable with many of the troubles of this hapless pair Lenox instigated his son to join in a conspiracy to snatch the reins of government from the hands of his royal wife, and although Darnley repented in time to make good his escape with her from the hands of the conspiritors, and would never confide in them again, and used every effort to prevent her placing any confidence in them, he did not have the mag- nanimity honestly to tell her of his complicity in then' conspi- racy ; and, therefore, of the solid grounds he had for doubting their political honesty of purpose. Thus her bitterest foe, whom Darnley knew had been the hidden though main spring of the conspiracy from which he had saved her by a long mid- night ride, continued to sit in her councils as one of her chief Ministers. Darnley continued to oppose the Ministers, and they recriminated en him by proving his full knowledge of the whole conspiracy. All confidence being destroyed between them, they fell easy victims to the insidious foes by whom they were surrounded. Darnley was slain, and his hapless Queen was made to bear the aspersion of having murdered him, while the real murderers seized upon the infant prince, and in his name carried out their traitorous designs. BRITISH HISTORY. CHAPTER XI. CHAPTER I. OF BRITISH HISTORY. Note. — Trace the genealogy of James T. of England back to Henry VII., and learn by what right lie ascended the throne of England. Note.— As James VI. of Scotland, trace the genealogy of this same monarch, viz : James VI. of Scotland and I. of Eng- land, back to Margaret of England, the Queen of James IV. of Scotland, whose second husband yon will (hid was Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus. This English Qneen of James IV. is the "same personage as Margaret Tudor, the intervening ancestor between Homy VII. and James I. of England. Vou will find, by examining the genealogy, that James I. of Eng- land is third generation from Margaret Tudor, who is first generation from Henry MI. Examine the genealogy of James VI., in the Scottish line of sovereigns, and you will find the two intervening ancestors between him aucl Queen Margaret on the maternal side, were : First, his grandfather, James V. of Scotland ; second, his mother, Mary Queen of Scots : third, the said James VI. On the paternal side were, first, his grand- mother, Lady Margaret Douglass; second, his father. Henry Lord Darnley : third, the said James VI. We are told it was one of the favorite amusements of the leisure hours of this prince to employ himself in examining his genealogical tree, and frequently made it a matter of congratulation that he was descended from every royal family who had ever sat upon the thrones of England or Scotland. From St. Margaret of Eng- land, who was the Queen of Malcolm Cranmore of Scotland, both the Scottish Kings and the Plantagenet Kings of England claimed descent, and through her claimed to have descended from the ancient line of Saxon sovereigns. Matilda of Scotland, Queen of Henry Beauclerck of England, was the daughter of St. Margaret of England, the Queen of Malcolm Cranmore of Scot- land. Attention to the nativity of the consorts of the sovereigns will establish the fact that it was no unusual thing for a Scottish sovereign to marry an English princess. But there was only one English sovereign who ever married a Scottish princess. BRITISH HISTORY. 47 Note — To judge from the marriages of the English sovereigns, there seems to be an instinctive turning towards the " father- land," when matrimonial tics are to be formed. The native Saxon sovereigns all married natives of the Island; the Norman and Plantagenet Kings turned towards Normandy, Anjouand the provinces around, where their native French language was spoken. The present ruling dynasty on the throne of Britain are of German descent, and have every one married Germans. The Stuart race of sovereigns, from the lirst one who ascended the throne to the last one of the line, seemed at- tached to no particular nation. They intermarried with Danish, English, Italians, Portuguese, French and Scottish princesses. When were the crowns of England and Scotland united, and under what King were they united? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 2, prtge 41. What were the names of his two Queens, and what land give a King to Scotland? [Ibid. In the short space of eight years after James I. ascended the throne of England, what two important events occurred, which have had a prominent influ- ence upon the destiny of the world? [Lyman's Chart. What were introduced into England from Italy in 1608? [Lyman's Table of Inventions. What invention in Scotland in the reign of James I.; by whom, and at what date? [Ibid. By whom was James I. of Great Britain suc- ceeded, and what relationship existed between them? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 2, page 65. What important political petition bill passed in 1628? [Ibid, page 72. What disastrous occurrence in Ireland in 1641 ? [Ibid, page 96. Who was beheaded the same year ? [Ibid, 93. When did civil war begin? [Ibid. What important scientific discovery was published, and by whom was it made, in 1628? [Lyman's Chart. land hat foreign luxuries were introduced into Eng- Win the reign of Charles I? [Ibid. 48 BRITISH HISTORY. What was the name and native country of the Queen Consort of Charles I? [Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. 2, p. 5. What battle was fought, in 1G45 ? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 2, page 124. When was the Commonwealth of England estab- lished? [Ibid, 146. What two events are mentioned in connection with the Commonwealth of England? [Ibid, 137, 155. Who usurped supreme power in England in 1654? [Ibid, 161. By what title was Oliver Cromwell recognised as the chief executive magistrate of the English Gov- ernment? [ Tytler's Table. What prominent events are noticed in connection with the period when Oliver Cromwell held the reins of Government in Great Britain? [RusselVs Modem Europe, vol. 2, pp. 162, 164. Who was declared Lord Protector, on the death of Oliver Cromwell ? [Und, page 167. What is the only event noticed in connection with the name of Richard Cromwell as Lord Pro- tector of England? [Ibid, 167. What relationship existed between the two Crom- wells? [Ibid. Note. — By reading the events connected with the exercise of supreme power in England by Oliver Cromwell, it will be discovered that the arms of Britain must have been triumphant in every quarter. The talents of Cromwell as a sagacious politician and an able commander, remains unquestioned by all writers. The ambition which led him to usurp supreme power over the host of patriots who had contended for their civil rights against the unlawful prerogative claimed by Charles I., has placed his character in a light which cannot command the admiration of Americans. We who have seen our Military Chieftain lead us through a seven years' bloody contest — who was the idol of the army when the struggle was over — resign his military power and retire to privacy, and BRITISH HISTORY. 49 when called by his fellow-citizens to (ill the highest civil offic« in the Govern] again to privacy, without ever haying broken either tary or civil law of the land. We, 1 Bay, can b trd • in seizing the reins of G in. a: those liberties for which the pali I died. His apolo- gists say that anarchy ] >n of power by Cromwell w have been the spirit to still the tumult, and in the exercise f the power vested in him b apeers, he might have taken steps t<> perpetuate the Com may all be speculation; but when we read of the peac sable i m of the mon- archy in li r the death of Cromwell, we conclude that Englishmen found il as pleasant to be ruled \>j a lawful sovereign as by a military tyrant ; and but for the second revolution, which dethroned James [I. in loss than thirty years after the monarchy ,■ we might have supposed that Oliver had taught them a le submission. Cromwell was a splendid genii'-, but he subverted the liber- ties of his country, after the blood of England's bravest and best sons had been shed— after the head of the King had been offered as a sacrifice to appease the broken Constitution of Britain ; and we must reverse the exclamation of Brutus, in uk case — for he loved Cromwell more than he loved England- At what date was the Monarchy peaceably restored in Britain? Who was the first King who ascended the throne after the restoration of the Monarchy.' What hereditary claim did Charles II. have to the «rown of England? [Russ. Mud. Europe, vol. 2, p. 182. What was the name and native country of the Queen Consort of Charles II / [Miss Strickland' 1 s Queens of En g., vol. 8, p. 199. What are the political events noticed in the reign of Charles II., and what is the date of each ? [RussclVs Mod. Europe, vol. 2, pp. 193, 228, 234. What are the scientific events noticed in the reign of Charles II, and the date of each event? [Ty tier's Table and Lyman's Table. When was the great plague and fire in London? [lb . 30 BRITISH HISTORY. Ans. The plague was in 1655, and the fire in 1666. X typographical error places both of these eventi it 1662, on the Chart. When was the penny post established? [Ibid. By whom was Charles II. succeeded, and what relationship existed between them? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 3, page 241. What were the names of the two consorts of Jamei II., and what the native country of each? [Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. 9, p. 12,20. Whose celebrated philosophy was published in 1686? [Ty tier's Table. What great event occurred in England in 1688, and what befell King James II? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 2, page 258. By whom was James II. succeeded, and what relationship existed between them? Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. 10, p. 184. What event is noticed as having occurred in Scot- land the year that William and Mary ascended the throne of Great Britain? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 2,page261. When did the massacre of Glencoe occur in Scot- land? [Ibid, 267. Ans. 1692. (Typographical error on the Chart.) When did Queen Mary die? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 2, page 270. How long did William survive his consort, Queen Mary? [Ibid, 308. Who was the mother of Queen Mary, and what was her native country? [Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol.10, p. ISA. By whom was William and Mary succeeded on the tbrone, and what relationship existed between them? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 2, page 309. URITISH HISTORY. 5J What was the name and native country of th* consort of Queen Anne? [Miss Sir irk! < i nil/ $ Queens of England, vol. 10, p. 2-44. Who was the mother of Anne, Queen of England, and what her native country? [Ibid, 184; vol. 9, p. 10» What is the date of the treaty between England and Scotland? [Russell's Mod. Europe, p. 327. When was Gibraltar taken from Spain? [RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 2, page, 315* What is the date of the peace of Utrecht? [Ibid, 361 v Note. — Look back and see how many years have elapsed since the first sovereign of the house of Stuart mounted the throne of Scotland. Tell how many of this number sat upon the Scottish throne, and how many have reigned over the United Kingdom of Great Britain, with the length and date of each reign. Examine the dates, and see how long a time elapsed from the commencement of the civil war, in the reigD of Charles I. until James II. was dethroned by William, Prince of Orange, and his consort Mary, who was the daughter of James II. Note.— The reign of the Stuart Kings of Scotland was one continued struggle with the nobles iu favor of the rights of the people. James V. was styled " The King of the Commons." But after they ascended the throne of England, the contest commenced to extend the prerogative of the crown ; but the English were too much determined upon having some guar« antee for their civil rights, quietly to submit to any unlawful exercise of kingly prerogative. The days of the Tudors had passed, and in the grave of Elizabe Ji was buried all disposition of the English people to trust their liberties to the will and caprices of the sovereign. They succeeded in passing the celebrated bill called the "Petition of Rights;" then the Haheas Corpus Act. But still, when James II. ascended th» throne, he seemed resolved to profit nothing by the fate of hift father, or the determination evinced by the people in the reign of his brother to contend for their constitutional rights. Hii inclination to despotism cost him his throne ; and when the English Parliament conferred the crown upon William and Mary, it was with the limited prerogative now exercised fcj the sovereigns of England. BRITISH HISTORY. CHAPTER XII. CHAPTER II. OF BRITISH HISTORY. Note. — Elizabeth Stuart, Duchess Palatinate, daughter of James I. of England, w: the unfortunate and houseless sovei • been raised and edu- cated a .Protests in. at i < larriage by the Pro- testant Elector Pal [n 1619, when Ferdinand II. "was raised to the imperial throne of Germany, his Protestant sub- jects of Bohemia refused to submit t< mnical edicts. They elected Fr V., the Protestant Elector Palatinate, who was the hi " Elizabeth Stuart, King of Bohemia. From this time forth, I lives of this royal coupl# were one continued verse fortune. Frederick was totally defeat Electoral dignity and dominions, and 1 I in the list of fugitive sovereigns who, . nee of th eould scarcely find a place to ■ ds. All th essionsof Frederick V. were nee to the Protest- ant cause ; and il I of retributive justice when, iu 1689, the Pa, i of Groat Britain vested the right to the crown in the nearest Protestant heir of James I., that it should have fallen upon -ow of the grandson of Elizabeth Stuart and her Protestant c< orge I. of Great Britain. Her daughter, the i' Sophia, E • Hanover, had she lived only a fev, fvould have ascended the British throne', Si : a , months before Queen Anne, and her son I to her rights, and was the first King of the house of Hanover. HOUSE OF BRUNSWICK, OR HANOVERIAN SUCCESSION. When did the Hanoverian succession occur? Who was the first sovereign of this dynasty that ascended the throne of England? [Russell's Modern- Europe, vol. 2, page 365. What hereditary claim did George I. advance to the throne of Great Britain? [Lyman' 's Chart. Trace the genealogy of George I. back to James L, and give the names of his intermediate ancestors? [Miss Strickland'* Qrcen. Mary II. and Queen Anne. {Life of Sophie of Zell, by Dr. Doran, BRITISH HISTORY. 58 What was the name and native country of th* consort of George I? [Dr. Doran's Queens of the House of Hanover, vol. I, p. 6. What important bill passed in 1715? [RusseWs Mod. Europe, vol, 2, p. 391. What is the date of the rebellion in Scotland in the reign of George I? [Ibid, page 371. When did the South Sea scheme explode? [ U>. 397. What important discovery was made in 1725, by Ged of Edinburg? [Lyman's Table of Inv. and Imp. Note. — It is rather a singular fact that the consort of George I. was kept in prison many years by the tyrannical King ; and, though entitled to all the privileges and immunities of a Queen Consort of England, her husband never allowed her to set her foot upon the soil of his British dominions. By whom was George I. succeeded, and what rela- tionship existed between them? [RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 2, p. 399. What was the name and native country of th« Queen Consort of George II? [Dr. Doran's English Queens, vol. l,p. 194. What event of importance occurred in Scotland in 1745? [RusseWs Mod. Europe, vol. 2, page 445. When was New Style introduced into England? [Ty tier's Chronological Table. When was the British Museum established? [Lyman's Table of Improvements, fyc. By whom was George II. succeeded, and what relationship existed between him and his prede- cessor? [Lyman's Chart. Through whom did George III. claim a right to ascend the throne of England? [Dr. Doran's Life of Queen Caroline, p. 407. When did England take possession of Bengal? [Lyman's Chart. When was the stamp act passed? [Ibid. When and by what Government was Canada ceded 4o England? [Ibid. 54 BRITISH HiSToRf . When wa9 the Royal Academy of Arts established in London? [ Ty tier's Table. When was the independence of the United States acknowledged? [Ibid. When and by whom was vaccination discovered In England? [Lyman's Table of Improvements. What occurred in Ireland in 1798? [RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 3, page 408. When was the planet Herschel discovered? [Lyman's Table. What improvement was made in the streets of London in 1804? [Ibid. What is the date of the treaty of union between England and Ireland? [Lyman's Chart. What was the name and native country of the Queen Consort of George III? [Dr. Doran's Liven of English Queens, Vol 2, page 10. By whom was George III. succeeded, and what relationship existed between them? [RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 3, page 047. On what occasion was George IV. proclaimed Prince Regent, and at what time? [RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. Z,page 582. What was the name and native country of his Queen Consort? [Dr. Doran's Queen Caroline, p. 210. What occurred to this unfortunate princess in 1821? [RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 3, page 659. Note. — The Prince of Wales had been induced to marry, after having declared his intention to die a bachelor King. The dia* reputable motive which governed him in changing his previous* ly expressed determination, was the offer by his father, and acquiesced in by Parliament, to have his debts paid. His disso- lute life rendered him unwilling to trammel himself with the ties of matrimony. He treated his wife first with coldness and neglect, then with harshness and contempt; and as soon as his father died, who had always proved a friend to his persecuted daughter-in-law, he closed his chapter of ill-treatment of his long forsaken wife, by bringing her to a public trial, which broke her heart and closed her troublous career. Lord Brough* *a'f defence of this Queen against the accusations of her po w< BRITISH HISTORY. 55 erful husband, will always stand as a monument of the native independence of his character, as also of his brilliant talent*. When did the Princess Charlotte die? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 3, page 647* What is the date of the treaty of Ghent? [Tyt. Tab. What decisive battle was fought in 1815, and what great warrior was prisoner after the battle? [RusselVs Modern Europe, vol. 3, pp. 633, 735. What invention in England in 1816, and by whom? [Lyman's Chart. By whom was George III. succeeded, and what relationship existed between them ? [Ibid. What was the name and native country of his con- tort? [Blake" 1 's Biographical Dictionary, page 1095. j^What important bills passed in 1832? [British Eloquence, page 957. When were the Liverpool and Manchester rail- roads completed? [Lyman' $ Table of Imp., fyc. When and by whom was the course of the Niger discovered ? [Ibid. Who succeeded William IV. on the throne of England, and what relationship existed between them? [Lyman's Chart. Through whom did Queen Victoria claim the throne of England? [Ibid. What is the name and native oountry of her consort? [London Times. When did the Canadian rebellion occur? [Lyman* s Chart. When was the disastrous massacre of the English in Afghanistan? [London Times. What is the date of the treaty of Washington? [Statesman's Manual, page 1240. When was the rebellion in India? [London 2 t ime$. When was the Atlantic Telegraph laid? [ The Newspapers of the Day. Look back and see how many sovereigns of the house of Hanover have wielded the sceptre over the British dominion*. Give the date and length of each reign. 56 ENGLISH HISTORY. Note. — Since Parliament established the Protestant succes- sion upon the throne of England in 1689, with the royal pre- rogative limited and well defined, great progress has been made by the British nation in wealth, commerce and the arts. The first two sovereigns of the house of Hanover were foreign born, and carried with them to the throne of the Island realm many German peculiarities and predilections. The interest which they had in their Electoral dominions engaged England in Continental wars, by which she was not in the least benefited; and, upon the whole, Hanover proved rather an expensive ap- pendage to the British crown. But this line of sovereigns has adhered faithfully to the Protestant cause, and the course of England has been upward and onward, in one continued march of progression, in all that is useful in the arts and sciences. On the death of William IV., he was succeeded in his Con- tinental dominions by his brother, Ernest. The laws of Hanover prohibiting the rule of a female, led to the separation of Hanover from the British dominions ; and when Queen Vic- toria ascended the English throne, the Electorate of Hanover, which Napoleon I. had erected into a kingdom, ceased to b«. ruled by the British sovereign. If the student will look back over the Chart and consider the small, unimportant political position of England when a far distant Roman province: then co iquered by the Sax- ons ; ravaged and conquered by the Danes ; subjected to the •tern rule of the conquering Normans ; and, in after years, another race of foreign kings, the Scottish Stuarts, ascended the throne, and then the German Brunswicks; and still see the continued upward tendency of English institutions, in all things civil and religious, we must conclude that this admix- ture of foreigners with the native Brit< i ren to England energy and vitality, strength and a lore ol liberty which see-ma to set at nought the opinion often advanced, that nations, like individuals, attain a maturity which must result in feeble and imbecile old age. England can count; years now with the Roman Empire ; and, instead of evincing symptoms of decay, her strength, morally and politically, is still increasing ; and though she is sometimes arrogant in her pretensions, she car- ries in her train, to all parts of the world where commerc* finds an anchor, the seeds of her own strength and greatness. The Gospel Missionary sits in safety beneath hor banner, wherever it waves upon the breeze, and the Bible, with its accompanying influences, are her traveling companions ; and we can but hope that the day is far distant when Protestant Britain shall begin to wane in the political firmament. FINIS. ERRATA. In note on page 10, one line from bottom, for " Rthelred," read Ethelbei-t. In note on page 17, three several times, for " Bertha," read Judith. In note on page 21, bottom line, for " patron," read pattern, and for "genuine," read feminine. In note on page 33, sixth line, for "successors," read an- cestors. By inadvertence of the printer, the first lines of the fourth question on page 44, and the second question on pnge 47, be. came transposed. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 021 933 784 A LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 021 933 784 ft