Glass Bool- DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR triftTED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director WATER-SuppiiY Paper 279 WATER RESOURCES OF THE PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN MAINE BY H. K. BARROWS and C. C. BABB PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE MAINE STATE SURVEY COMMISSION WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1912 •kmograph mmm^^ iii DEPARTMENT OF THE INTEEIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH. Dieector Water- SuppiiY Paper 279 WATER RESOURCES f if/ OF THE PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN MAINE BY H. K. BARROWS and C. C. BABB PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE MAISfE STATE SURVEY COMMISSION WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1912 ^ ^ ^ J Si CONTENTS, Page. Introduction 7 General features of the basin 8 Topography and drainage 8 Geology, by E. S. Bastin 11 Forests 13 Population 13 Industries 13 Transportation lines : 14 Precipitation 16 Stream flow 27 Field methods of measuring flow 27 Office methods of computing and studying discharge and run-off 29 Accuracy and reliability of field data and comparative results 30 Use of the data 31 Explanation of tables 31 Definition of terms 32 Location of stations 33 West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket 33 Penobscot River at West Enfield 42 Penobscot River at Sunkhaze Rips 55 East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone 56 Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag 68 Piscataquis River near Foxcroft 80 Cold Stream at Enfield 91 Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor 96 Phillips Lake and outlets in Holden and Dedham 99 Miscellaneous measurements in Penobscot River drainage basin 110 Relation of run-off to precipitation 110 Evaporation 113 Summary of observations 124 Floods on Penobscot River 129 Floods at Bangor 129 Flood of September 26 to 29, 1909 132 Low-water conditions 136 Water power 140 Developed water powers 140 Main stream 140 Piscataquis River 143 Sebec River 145 Pleasant River 145 Summary 145 Undeveloped water powers 145 Fall available 145 Penobscot River 146 Bangor to Oldtown 146 Oldtown to Shad Pond 147 3 4 CONTENTS. Water power — Continued. Undeveloped water powers — Continued. Page. West Branch of Penobscot River above Ambejejus Lake 148 • East Branch of Penobscot River 152 Medway to Grand Lake 152 Webster Brook and East Branch of Penobscot River. 156 Mattawamkeag River 158 Piscataquis River 161 Sebec River 163 Pleasant River 164 Passadumkeag River 165 Water storage 166 Natural facilities. 166 Storage on West Branch of Penobscot River 166 General conditions 166 Twin Lake system " 167 Ripogenus Lake . 169 Chesuncook Lake 170 Caucomgomuc Lake " 171 Umbazooksus Lake 1 72 Storage on East Branch of Penobscot River 172 General conditions 172 Grand and Second Grand lakes 173 Webster Lake ] 74 Telos Lake and Round Pond 175 , Chamberlain Lake - 176 AUagash Lake 177 Storage on Mattawamkeag River 178 Baskahegan Lake 178 Mattawamkeag Lake 179 Pleasant Lake 180 Storage on Piscataquis River 181 Schoodic Lake 181 Seboeis Lake and Northwest Pond 183 Endless Lake 184 Lower Ebeemee Lake 185 Sebec Lake 186 Silver Lake 187 Houston Pond 187 Additional storage basins ] 88 Cold Stream Pond 188 Nicatous Lake 188 Pushaw Lake 188 Phillips Lake 189 Summary of storage 189 Lake areas 190 Effect of present storage on flow ' 191 Base data 191 Water available on West Branch of Penobscot River 194 Mass curve for West Branch at Millinocket 194 Application of results of mass-curve computation 199 Water available on other tributaries of Penobscot River 200 Water available from storage 202 CONTENTS. 5 Effect of present storage on flow. — Continued. Page. Summary of effect of storage on flow 207 Lessening amount of water used for log driving 209 Effect of storage on navigation 210 Conclusions 210 Log driving and lumbering 211 Need of conserving forests 211 Method of driving 211 Time of dri ving 212 Water used in driving 213 Quantities of logs driven and cost of driving 213 Improvements in log-driving facilities 219 Gazetteer of rivers, lakes, and ponds 221 Index 281 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Peate I. Map of State of Maine 8 II. Millinocket mill of Great Northern Paper Co 14 III. Twenty-one million feet of logs at Millinocket mill of Great Northern Paper Co 16 IV. Discharge area and mean velocity curves of Mattawamkeag Kiver at Mattawamkeag 28 V. A, Quakish Lake dam, Great Northern Paper Co.; B, Grinder room in mill of Great Northern Paper Co. at Millinocket 34 VI. A, Penobscot River at West Enfield gaging station; B, Penobscot River at West Enfield, looking upstream from highway bridge, Feb. 8, 1906 42 VII. A, Evaporation station at Soldier Pond; view of raft, floating pan, etc. ; B, Nicatous Falls on Passadumkeag Stream 114 VIII. Penobscot River; plan and profile from Bangor to North Twin Lake . 146 IX. North Twin dam at outlet of North Twin Lake, West Branch of Penobscot River; A, Upstream view; B, Downstream view 168 X. Diagram showing storage mass of West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket 196 XI. Diagrams showing storage mass of various tributaries of Penobscot River 200 XII. Penobscot River at Bangor: A, Logs at tidewater ready for ship- ment; B, Lumber at tidewater ready for shipment 212 XIII. Plan and profile of Penobscot River from Bangor to North Twin Lake (five sheets, A-E) At end of volume. XIV. Plan and profile of West Branch of Penobscot River from Chesuncook Lake to Ambejejus Lake (three sheets, A-C) At end of volume. XV. Plan and profile of West Branch of Penobscot River from Chesun- cook Lake to Seeboomook (two sheets. A, B) At end of volume. XVI. Plan and profile East Branch of Penobscot River from First Grand Lake to Medway (three sheets, A-C) At end of volume. XVII. Plans of Chamberlain, Telos, and Webster lakes, Round Pond, Baskahegan, First and Second Grand, and Allagash lakes (two sheets. A, B) At end of volume. XVIII. Plan and profile of Mattawamkeag River from Penobscot River to North Bancroft (three sheets, A-C) At end of volume. XIX. Plan of Schoodic, Seboeis, Endless, and Mattawamkeag lakes and Pleasant Pond (one sheet) At end of volume. Figure 1. Diagram showing precipitation at Orono, 1869-1910 18 2. Mean annual precipitation and mass curve of precipitation at Orono . 19 3. Monthly and average evaporation, in inches, at Maine stations 128 4. Run-off of Penobscot River and tributaries during storm of Septem- ber, 1909 135 5. Minimum discharge of West Branch of Penobscot River at Milli- nocket for given storage in billion cubic feet 198 6 WATER EESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN, MAINE. By H. K. Barrows and C. C. Babb. INTRODUCTION. This report on the Penobscot Kiver drainage system, the largest and one of the most important in Maine, has been compiled chiefly from the records, reports, and maps of the United States Geological Survey and from the results of surveys made in cooperation with the Maine State Survey Commission. The report includes all data on precipitation, stream flow, water storage, and water power that were available at the end of the calendar year 1909 and is accompanied by plans and profiles of the principal rivers, Iptkes, and ponds in the basin (Pis. XIII-XIX, at end of volume). Stream-flow data for 1910 and 1911 will be published in Water-Supply Papers 281 and 301, respectively. The surveys for these plans and profiles were made in the years indicated below: Penobscot River: Bangor to North Twin Lake, 1904. Penobscot River, West Branch: Chesuncook Lake to Seeboomook, 1905; Che- suncook Lake to Ambejejus Lake, 1906. Mattawamkeag River: Mouth to North Bancroft, 1907. Various lakes and ponds in the East Branch, Mattawamkeag and Piscataquis basins, 1907. East Branch Penobscot: Grand Lake to Medway, 1908. Topographic maps and geologic folios ^ of a portion of the Penob- scot basin have been published by the United States Geological Survey. The unit of survey adopted is a rectangular area bounded by meridians and parallels and known as a quadrangle, and in Maine is 15 minutes in extent each way and one-sixteenth of a square degree in area. The quadrangles have no relation to political boundaries, such as those of States, counties, and townships. Each quadrangle is designated by the name of some well-known place or 1 These topographic maps may be obtained for 5 cents each by addressing the Director, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The geologic folios cost 25 cents each. An index map showing areas in Maine covered by maps and folios will be sent on application. 7 8 feature within its limits. The quadrangles surveyed in the vicinity of Penobscot River are listed below. Bangor. Orono. Bucksport. Orland. Castine. Bluehill. Vinalhaven. Deer Isle. Published also in one sheet called Penobscot Bay. Rockland. Tenants Harbor. Matinicus. Swan Island. Mount Desert. Geologic folios have also been published for Rockland and for Penobscot Bay (Bluehill, Castine, Vinalhaven, Deer Isle). Special acknowledgment is due H. S. Ferguson, engineer of the Great Northern Paper Co., for much valuable information regarding the West Branch of the Penobscot ; also to the West Branch Driving & Reservoir Dam Co. and the East Branch Driving Co. GENERAL FEATURES OF THE BASIN. TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE. The Penobscot River basin lies wholly in Maine and comprises about 8,500 square miles, or more than 25 per cent of the area of the State. It extends from the basin of the St. John on the north to the Atlantic Ocean on the south, and from the Kennebec basin on the west to the St. Croix, Machias, and Union River basins on the east. It is about 160 miles long and its extreme width is about 115 miles. (See PL I.) The Penobscot is formed by two principal branches, the West Branch and the East Branch. The West Branch, here considered the main stream, rises in the mountainous region near the Canadian boundary and flows in a general southeasterly direction for more than 100 miles to its junction with the East Branch at Med way. The East Branch formerly rose in small lakes and ponds lying about midway between the western and eastern boundaries of the State, but about 1840 the drainage area tributary to Chamberlain and Telos lakes, whose natural flow is into the St. John basin, was added to that of the East Branch. (See p. 172.) The headwaters of the East Branch flow eastward until they reach Grand Lakes, where the stream turns and flows southward to its junction with the West Branch. From the mouth of the East Branch to tidewater at Bangor is about 75 miles; from Bangor to the mouth of the river the distance is 27 miles. The river is therefore about 200 miles long. Two other important branches of the Penobscot are Mattawamkeag and Piscataquis rivers. The Mattawamkeag drains an area of 1,500 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MAP OF MAIXE. SHOWING PENOBSCOT DRAINACJK BASIN ixrATWT? T?T?finTTTfm?,s m? PTrisjORSnOT TJASTN. MAINE. / TOPOGRAPHY AND DEAINAGE. 9 square miles in the extreme eastern portion of the basin, including many swamps and much low land, and joins the main river from the east about 12 miles below Medway. Piscataquis River, whose head- waters adjoin those of the Kennebec, also drains an area of 1,500 square miles, lying to the southeast of Moosehead Lake, which is in general much higher than that of the Mattawamkeag basin. The Piscataquis joins the Penobscot just above West Enfield. The general elevation of the area drained by the Penobscot is somewhat less than that of the Kennebec basin, for the latter is nearer the summit mountain range which forms the western boundary of the State. As a whole its topography is rather uniform. Hills and low mountains extend backward from the coast and north of Bangor merge into an undulating plain, which to the west is more broken and diversified by hills, detached peaks, lakes, ponds, and swamps. At the south and west it merges into the Kennebec basin and at the north into that of the Allagash; on the northwest it terminates in a highland region interspersed with swamps and lagoons, w^hich furnish water to both the Penobscot and the St. John. A large part of the basin is what is known as ^'wild land," heavily timbered and known only to lumbermen and sportsmen. Mount Katahdin, the highest mountain in the State, lies in a detached range between the West and East branches. The highest of its three peaks is 5,273 feet above sea level. From its top may be seen the waters of both branches of the river, including many lakes and ponds, and toward the west Moosehead Lake at the head of the Kennebec. The Penobscot drainage system is remarkable for its large number of lakes and ponds, which assist markedly in equalizing the flow of the river, though no single lake or series of lakes in the system can compare with the Umbagog-Rangeley lakes of the Androscoggin basin or with Moosehead Lake in the Kennebec basin as a reservoir to tide over dry-weather flow, for the lakes and ponds tributary to the Penobspot are so widely scattered that they can not be com- manded by a few artificial structures. There are, however, so many opportunities for economical storage in this basin as a whole that it is destined, with proper development, to afford some of the best water power in the State. The table following, compiled from pubHcations of the United States Geological Survey and from the best maps obtainable, shows the drainage area at different points on the Penobscot River and its tributaries. 10 WATER RESOURCES OP PENOBSCOT BASIK, MAINE. Drainage areas of Penobscot River and principal tributaries. stream. Point of measurement. Drainage area (square miles). Penobscot, South Branch Above mouth of North Branch 186 Penobscot, North Branch Above mouth South Branch . . 272 Penobscot, West Branch Seeboomook dam, just below Nulhedus Stream 530 Do 825 Do Outlet of Chesuncook Lake . . 1,330 1,410 Do Outlet of Ripogenus Lake 'Do Abol Falls 1 550 Do Head of Ambejejus Lake 1,600 1,880 2,100 Do MilUnocket, dam at foot of Quakish Lake Do Above junction with East Branch o 3, 230 Do Above mouth of Mattawamkeag River o 3, 360 o 4, 860 5,100 Do Below and including Mattawamkeag River Do Above mouth of Piscataquis River Below and including Piscataquis River at West Enfield gaging station Do 6,600 7,210 7,270 7,400 o 7, 720 8,570 174 Do Below and including Sunkhaze Stream Do Do . . Below and including Pushaw Stream Do Bangor Water Works dam . . Do Mouth, at head of Penobscot Bay, opposite Sandy Point. . . Caucomgomuc Stream Do E n tra.n rein to Ch esi i n nook T /nke 230 "CJmbazooksus Stream do 50 Chesuncook Lake Exclusive of previous two rivers 225 AUagash Stream Outlet AUagash Lake 102 Do. Entra.nne into Chamherlain T^alce 124 Chamberlain Lake Telos dam 270 Penobscot, East Branch Webster Lake Outlet o288 Do Grand Lake dam o496 Do Grindstone gaging station a 1, 100 Do Mouth .:... a 1, 130 Mattawamkeag,West Branch. Outlet Mattawamkeag Lake 305 Above junction with East Branch of Mattawamkeag River. 352 Mattawamkeag, East Branch . Do 79 Abovejunctionwith West Branch of Mattawamkeag River. 158 Mattawamkeag 610 Do Below and including Baskahegan Stream. . 874 Do Below and including Molunkus Stream 1,370 Do. Gaging station, practically at mouth . 1,500 Baskahegan Stream Outlet of Baskahegan Lake 151 Do. Mouth 264 Molunkus Stream do 195 Piscataquis Lows Bridge, gaging station 286 Do Dover ^ ' -^ ^ ^ 369 Do 463 Do Below and including Sebec River 856 Do Below and including Pleasant River 1,200 Do 1,240 Do Below and including Schoodic Stream 1,300 1,350 Do. . Do Mouth 1,500 Sebee Outlet Sebec Lake 367 Do Mouth 393 Lower Ebeemee Lake Outlet 87 Pleasant Outlet Silver Lake 104 Do Mouth 334 Houston Pond . Outlet 21 Schoodic Lake ... .do 32 Schoodic Stream Mouth 58 Seboeis Lake Outlet 49 do 66 Seboeis Stream Mouth 150 Passadumkeag Stream Do 171 Mouth 383 Pushaw Stream Outlet Pushaw Lake 125 Do Mouth... 263 Kenduskeag Stream Above mouth of Black Stream 136 Do Near Bangor at gaging station b 191 Do Mouth 6 214 Souadabscook Stream 100 Do Mouth C203 Black Stream Total drainage 35 o Includes Chamberlain Lake drainage, 270 sq. b Includes all drainage area of Black Stream. c Not including any drainage area of Black Stream. GEOLOGY. 11 According to Wells ^ there are 1,604 streams in the Penobscot basin. The most important of these streams and ponds are listed in the following table and are described in the gazetteer, pages 221-279. GEOLOGY. By Edson S. Bastin. The rocks and soils of the Penobscot basin have an important influence on the course and fall of the river and its tributaries and on the composition of the waters; and certain events in the geologic history of the basin have determined the present positions of the streams and their associated lakes and swamps. By far the larger part of the rocks are shales, slates, and schists. Granite is found in the Mount Katahdin region and near the mouth of the river in the vicinity of Mount Waldo. Limestones, sandstones, and volcanic rocks are also present, but are comparatively of little importance. Where the rocks are relatively soft shales, slates, and schists, as in the stretch for many miles above Bangor, the valley is broad; where the stream traverses an area of granite and of schists intruded by granite, as between Hampden and Bucksport, it flows in a deep valley with steep walls. The prevalence of rocks of the clayey type and the scarcity of limestone undoubtedly have an important influence on the composition of the river water. In all humid climates the streams are the principal agents in shaping the land surface, gradually washing away the soil and carrying it to the sea. By this process the land may be flnally reduced to a plain surface sloping gently toward the sea, but upward movements of the earth's crust may interrupt or disturb the process and stimulate the streams to renewed activity. A stream once well established tends to maintain its original position, and some portions of its course may be of great antiquity. Parts of the channel of the Penobscot are doubt- less very old. It is certain that at a time immediately preceding the glacial period the river was well established; that in parts of its course, particularly those in soft rocks, it had excavated a broad valley through which it meandered, and that in other parts, where the rocks were harder, its valley was gorgelike. Its drainage basin at this period was undoubtedly smaller than at present, streams that are now its tributaries then flowing into neighboring drainage basins. Among these streams were probably the West Branch of the Penob- scot, west of Chesuncook Lake, which before the glacial period pre- sumably drained either northeastward to the St. John or southward to the Kennebec. The submerged portion of the river valley below Bangor and the deep submarine channels that extend for some dis- 1 Wells, Walter, Water powers of Maine. 12 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. tance seaward in prolongation of the river valley proper must have been formed mainly when the land stood higher than now, for the gentle current in this portion of the river and the scouring effect of the tide are entirely inadequate to produce the conditions observed. A second epoch in the history of the river basin was begun by the great continental glaciers which moved southward from the highlands of Labrador, covering the whole region with a thick mantle of ice to a line far beyond the present coast. This mass of ice carried below and within it great quantities of rock and soil, which it deposited chiefly on the lowlands. The ice mass also in many places lowered and reshaped the land surfaces, particularly the hills. At the same time, perhaps because of the weight of the ice, the land sank several hundred feet below its present level. As the ice melted the muddy waters flowing from it laid down deposits of coarse gravel in the depres- sions of the land surface and carried fine sand and clay into the great arms of the sea which indented the land. The results of these changes in the drainage basin are plainly apparent in its present surface features. The lakes and swamps so abundant throughout Maine are the result of the obstruction of stream valleys by the deposits laid down at this time. The glacial deposits also changed the courses of the river and its tributaries, diverting water from other river basins to that of the Penobscot and shifting the course of the stream. Many of these changes can still be traced. For example, what appears to be an old channel of Penobscot Eiver is now occupied by one of its small tribu- taries, Sunkhaze Stream, which enters the main river a short dis- tance north of Oldtown. The valley extending from North Bangor to Hammond Pond, now occupied by a chain of swamps and lakes, also represents probably the old valley of the Penobscot or of one of its important tributaries, as does also the depression occupied by Pushaw Lake and its neighboring swamps. The shifting of the streams from the old to the new courses has an important economic interest, for in excavating their new courses the streams in many places encountered ledges and ridges of rock and developed falls and rapids which now afford .great water powers. The development of the river is still in progress. Every day it is transporting material from land to sea and making changes in its course which, if long continued, must produce results as great as those heretofore recorded. INDUSTRIES. 13 FORESTS.i The area of the State of Maine is 29,895 square roiles. Of this area 21,000 square miles, or 13,440,000 acres, is forest land. Of this timber land more than 2,500,000 acres (about 3,900 square miles) lies in the Penobscot River basin. The timber now standing in this section consists mainly of spruce, although it includes also much cedar. In the Piscataquis Valley and in the lower West Branch region white birch is common. It is esti- mated that the so-called soft woods now standing in the whole Penob- scot drainage basin include 5,166,000,000 feet of spruce, 438,000,000 feet of cedar, and 153,000,000 feet of pine. The use of hardwoods is increasing in the many novelty mills throughout the State, but the hardwood most used is white birch. Forest growth in this basin is rapid, and if economically cut and properly guarded from forest fires the supply of available timber should last many years. POPULATION. The following table, based on the census of 1910, gives the popula- tion of the principal cities and towns in the Penobscot basin: Population of principal cities and towns in Penobscot basin. Bangor 24,803 Bradford 930 Brewer 5, 667 Brownville 1, 808 Bucksport 2, 216 Carmel 1, 050 Corinth 1, 034 Danf orth 1, 295 Dover 2, 091 East Millinocket 923 Enfield 970 Foxcrof t 1, 867 Frankfort 1, 157 Greenville 1, 474 Guilford 1, 680 Hampden 2, 380 210 Hermon Island Falls 1, 686 Kingman 741 Lincoln 1, 167 Millinocket 3, 368 Milo 2,556 Monroe 872 Monson 1, 243 Oldtown 6, 317 Orland 1, 224 Orono 3, 555 Orrington 1, 219 Patten 1, 406 Sangerville 1, 319 Sherman 1, 053 Winterport 1, 582 INDUSTRIES. The great forests of the basin and the water power afforded by the river and its tributaries have an important influence on the industries of the region. Long and short lumber, including shingles, boards, laths, etc., and pulp, paper, and woolen goods are extensively manu- factured. 1 Fourth Report Forest Commissioner of Maine, 1902. 14 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Bangor, Brewer, Dover, Foxcroft, Guilford, Orono, Oldtown, Milli- nocket. East Millinocket, and Lincoln are the most important manu- facturing centers. The manufacture of pulp and paper has during the last 10 years come to be one of the leading industries of the area. Conditions are ideal for this industry, which has probably not yet reached its maxi- mum development. The mills have a daily capacity of over 800 tons of pulp and about 550 tons of paper. The daily capacity of the plants of the Great Northern Paper Co. at Millinocket and East Millinocket is 480 tons of pulp and 430 tons of paper. (See Pis. II, III, and V.) Of the 725 million feet of logs cut in Maine during the winter of 1907-8 about 230 million feet were cut in the Penobscot basin. How much of this was for the use of pulp and paper mills is not definitely known, but it must have been a considerable part of the total. Of 115 million feet cut in the basin of the West Branch of the Penobscot, about 90 million feet were used by the Great Northern Paper Co., which used also 10 million feet more obtained by rail. The greater part of the territory north of Piscataquis and Matta- wamkeag rivers consists of wild lands, mostly covered with forests. A number of towns on the border of these wild lands having rail con- nections carry on a thriving business as depots of supply for the lum- bering interests. Many of the small towns and settlements scattered through the area support some local industry, but more are populated chiefly by those who raise crops in the summer and who work in the woods cutting and hauling logs in the winter. The northeastern section lies in the potato belt of Aroostook County, which has become famous over all the country for the quality and amount of its products. In some parts of the valley there are excellent farms, which raise profitable crops and excellent stock. Sweet corn is grown for canneries; poultry, eggs, butter, and milk are provided for the market ; and sheep are raised for wool. Ice cutting is also among the important industries. TRANSPORTATION LINES. Bangor, the principal city of the Penobscot basin, is located 40 miles from the coast, on tidewater, at the head of navigation. The port is open to navigation from about April 1 to December 15. The Maine Central Railroad, the direct route to Boston via the Boston & Maine Railroad, passes through Bangor and continues along Penobscot River as far as Mattawamkeag, then along the Mattawam- keag as far as Bancroft, where it leaves the Penobscot basin, con- tinuing to Vanceboro. A branch of this road continues down the river from Bangor for 20 miles to Bucksport, on Penobscot Bay. TBANSPORTATION LINES. 15 Another branch from Bangor passes into the Union River drainage basin to Ellsworth and Bar Harbor. Dover and Foxcroft, on the Piscataquis branch, are reached by a branch of the Maine Central starting from Newport Junction, a town about 25 miles west of Bangor. The Bangor & Aroostook Railroad connects with the Maine Central at Bangor, Oldtown, and Foxcroft, and extends from Searsport to Fort Kent and Van Buren, two towns in the St. John drainage basin, in the extreme northern part of the State. The line running to Van Buren parallels that connecting with Fort Kent at a di^iance of 15 to 25 miles farther east and extends very close to the eastern boundary of the State for the most of the distance north from Grand Lake on St. Croix River. This line is practically all outside the Penobscot basin. Another branch of the Bangor & Aroostook Railroad extends from Milo Junction, on Piscataquis River, about 18 miles above its con- fluence with the Penobscot at Howland, and along the Piscataquis to Greenville Junction on Moosehead Lake. Still another branch of this railroad has been partly surveyed from one of the southerly points on the main line along West Branch of Penobscot waters to the foot of Chesuncook Lake, and thence to Chamberlain Lake, on the East Branch, and along Allagash River to St. John River. If built this line will open up a large territory, rich in timber and water power, heretofore inaccessible except by team or waterways. The main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway from the west crosses the Penobscot basin in an easterly direction from Greenville to Mattawamkeag and Vanceboro, connecting with the Bangor & Aroostook Railroad at Greenville, Brownville Junction, and Lake View, and with the Maine Central Railroad at Mattawamkeag. The basin as a whole is fairly well equipped with facilities for trans- portation by rail, and this, with its two ports, Bangor and Searsport, should attract further industries to this part of the State. The northwestern part of the basin will, however, remain practically inac- cessible until some of the projected railroad lines are built. 16 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. PRECIPITATION. [Contributed by the U. S. Weather Bureau.] Precipitation stations have been maintained by the United States Weather Bureau at the following places in the Penobscot River drainage basin and its immediate vicinity : Weather Bureau stations in Penobscot River basin. Station. County. Approx- imate ele- vation above sea level, in feet. Period. Bar Harbor Belfast Carmel Chesuncook Dam Chesuncook (post office) . Danforth Debsconeag Fairfield Greenville Houlton Kineo Mayfield Millinocket Orono Patten , South Lagrange. The Forks Hancock Waldo Penobscot.. Piscataquis. do Washington. Piscataquis . Somerset Piscataquis. Aroostook.. Piscataquis. Somerset Penobscot.. do Aroostook . . , Penobscot . . Somerset 50 165 175 930 675 90 1,000 362 1,100 1,000 386 129 550 181 590 1885-1910 1891-1904 1900-1902 1905-1909 1904-1906 1902-1910- 1905-1909 1886-1908 1904-1910 r 1892-1896 [1902-1910 1895-1903 1885-1907 1899-1910 1869-1910 1902-1910 1903-1905 1901-1910 The earlier measurements of precipitation in the upper portion of the Penobscot basin are fragmentary, and few reliable data are available for determining the average fall in that part of the area. Over the central and southern parts of the basin, however, fairly continuous records have been maintained long enough to determine averages that may be considered sufficiently accurate for all practical purposes. The amount of precipitation at any given point varies greatly from year to year, and the records for even considerable periods may show marked variations from those for other periods, so that records for short periods can not without proper corrections be safely ac- cepted as indicating even approximately the average which would be determined from observations covering a long period. But however much the precipitation in a district may vary during certain periods from the average of a long period, there is a more or less constant ratio between the fall at different points in the region, some places receiving on the average more or less than other places, owing to the influence of local topography, the exposure of the gage, and other conditions. If this fact is borne in mind it is possible so to correct short-period records of stations that they will approximate what they would have shown had observations been made contin- uously throughout the entire period of observations in the district. PEECIPITATION. 17 This method of correction, known as the ^'Fournie method," is used for reducing meteorological observations to what is generally called the fundamental period. The fundamental period covered in this discussion is the 42-year period 1869 to 1910, inclusive, during which nearly continuous records of precipitation have been kept at the State college at Orono, and an effort has been made to reduce all the short-record observations to what they would have shown had observations been continuous at each station throughout the entire period. The record at each station in the tables following was therefore compared with the record for the same months and years at the Orono station, and such corrections applied as the ratio between the rainfall at the two stations indicated as necessary. In order, however, that investigators of the quantity of rainfall in that region may make their own deductions, the actual monthly averages for each station are given, together with the assuried cor- rection for each month, and the final corrected value for the funda- mental period. The precipitation for the region under discussion is fairly uniform for the several seasons of the year, and appears to diminish to some extent from the coast toward the interior. Considerable differences are shown in the average monthly and annual amounts at near-by stations, some of which are doubtless due to the natural influences of elevation and location, while others are probably due to the use of too short periods for determining the necessary corrections. During the winter months heavy snows often accumulate to a depth of several feet, especially in the wooded districts. With the advent of warm weather, often accompanied by copious rains, a large amount of water is frequently liberated in short periods of time, and floods are liable to occur. The rains in the basin are as a rule not excessive, and except in the spring, when the large accumulation of snow is melting, there are few floods in the streams. Despite the fact that this portion of Maine is directly in the course of nearly all the storms passing across the United States, the annual amounts of precipitation are subject to wide fluctuations, as shown by the records maintained at the Orono station. It is worthy of note also that these variations are largely similar for groups of years; thus from 1869 to 1879 the yearly amounts were almost continuously near or above the average; from 1880 to 1883 the amounts were continuously below the normal. Likewise from 1884 to 1891 the yearly amounts were again continuously above the normal, and from 1892 to 1897 they were equally below the normal, 15042°— wsp 279— 12 2 18 WATEB KESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. the difference between the means of the last two periods amounting to more than 14 inches with an extreme range of 30 inches. Dividing the period of 42 years into two groups we find that from 1869 to 1891, inclusive, 23 years, the precipitation was, as a rule, considerably above the average for the entire period, the total excess amounting to about 67 inches. During the period 1892 to 1910, inclusive, 19 years, the precipitation with few exceptions has been 50 43 47 4-6 45 f, 5fi 1 nc hi ?5 ^ 2 2 ir a ie s +1 6} nc hi ?5 43 42 4-1 40 39 38 37 36 -K ?/ 75. 3S\'rkheh 4, \ nc h ?s _ Figure 1.— Diagram showing precipitation at Orono, Me., 1869-1910. continuously below the average for the whole period, the total de- ficiency amounting to about 65 inches. The accompanying chart, figure 1, showing the periods of excess and deficiency, illustrates graphically the periodic variations that may be expected in, the rainfall of this region. Figure 2 shows the mean annual precipitation and mass curve of precipitation at Orono. PEECIPITATION, 19 INCHES 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 Figure 2.— Mean annual precipitation and mass curve of precipitation at Orono. 20 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Precipitation at stations in Maine, 1885-1910. BAR HARBOR, 1885-1910. Year. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June, July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual 1885. 1886. 1887. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895- 1896. 1897. 1900- 1901- 1902. 1903- 1904. 1905. 1906- 1907- 1908. 1909. 1910. Average & Correction c , Corrected average rf. 8.29 8.22 4.81 4.83 3.64 7.21 %6.65 3.34 3.46 6.25 1.47 4. 6.45 5.52 11.15 4. 4.05 5. 5.37 5.20 4.46 3.00 5.39 7.10 5.43 -.31 5.12 5. 7. 4.77 3. 3.64 4, 2.41 3. 1.47 1 5.50 2. 9.15 4.05 6.20 1.63 3.83 5.20 4.05 3.20 2.70 3.45 5 6.07 4.32 +.04 4.36 3. 5. 4.02 4.42 6.31 5.18 3.36 1.72 1.46 3.60 6.32 3.54 2.95 7.15 8.57 10.30 14.37 10.05 5.37 1.05 8.10 2.00 3.40 5.85 3.10 5.22 -.05 5.17 1.07 4.81 3.00 2.81 1.82 2.87 1.34 3.64 1.59 3.50 1.19 2.75 4.85 1, 3.15 5.81 3.07 3.65 5.02 0.95 4.33 5. 3.25 5.11 5.17 3.25 +.12 3.37 3.90 1.11 3.67 1.79 10.81 1.57 2.25 4.25 4. 1.59 2 6 2.45 2.25 6.07 2.74 2.52 1.65 4.62 3.20 4.78 2.90 3.75 4.28 1.75 3.50 +.01 3.51 L75 2.58 1.53 2.04 3.15 3.73 4.43 2.17 1.50 1.63 2.39 4.00 3.27 1.36 3.52 3.23 7, 3.23 1.40 4.54 2.25 4.48 1.65 1.15 4.15 2.91 -.01 2,90 1.51 3.48 3.24 2.07 0.99 4.36 1.01 3.57 1.99 1.79 6.05 5.62 1.70 6.55 1.65 1.63 1.75 3.25 1.72 3.35 2.28 3.05 3.50 2. 1.00 2.79 +.14 2, 1.44 6.61 4.29 1 17 5.93 2.45 5. 4.14 1.65 2.64 2.90 8.22 2.92 0.75 1.90 3.00 3.24 0.75 5.24 2.56 0.75 2.37 2.23 1.53 2.65 3 +.10 3.16 2.58 0.60 6.36 1 4.25 2.15 1.79 3.18 4.17 2.29 6.04 2.33 3.55 3.15 3.28 2.50 1.68 9.81 7.79 1.40 5.90 2.25 8.35 1.12 3. -.16 3.52 2.58 3.53 7.84 5.86 3.12 4.76 1.17 4.66 4.96 1.42 5.85 0.35 9.25 3.05 6.77 3.45 5.11 5.28 2.55 2.10 4.40 4.90 5.65 1.81 1.01 +.47 4.53 3.88 5.74 3.85 7.60 6.25 2.59 3.12 5.11 2.23 2.70 9.73 5.10 9.25 8.35 5.65 5.48 3.50 1.79 3.97 2.25 7.22 4.10 5.30 1, 5.77 2.00 4.97 +.22 5.19 4.20 3.30 5.11 5.98 5.92 6.13 4.40 2.33 7.19 3.2Jt 3. 2. 4.35 3.60 2.57 2.43 9.78 7.12 3.35 4.63 7.61 4.55 5.75 5.95 2.03 4.25 4. +. 4. BELFAST, 1891-1904. 1891- 1892. 1893. 1894- 1895- 1896- 1897- 1898. 1899- 1900- 1901. 1902- 1903- 1904. Average ^ Corrected c Corrected average d 3.33 4.50 4.16 1.62 3.32 5.38 1.55 2.70 2.97 1.26 3.02 4.86 5.10 1.70 5.65 2.61 2.77 0.93 2.71 3.99 4.84 2.05 3.21 5.29 2.73 2.99 3.82 4.35 4.48 2.46 7.45 4.37 3.65 1.58 1.63 5.86 1.98 ' 4.46 4.72 4.61 5.56 2.52 3.83 6.53 1.15 3.06 4.03 2.05 3.19 1.94 1.96 1.43 1.82 7.29 4.63 0.98 5.01 7.30 1.18 3.03 2.21 5.19 5.02 10.32 3.25 4.25 1.40 3.98 2.32 4.65 2.90 5.02 3. 08 3. It 3.92 2.09 0. 90 5.75 3.50 5.81 11.35 2.48 4.67 1.28 4.69 1.38 2.31 3.17 8.35 5.59 2.96 3.73 2.76 5.86 1.79 2.25 2.09 4.73 0.50 4.80 3.03 2.94 2.90 5.68 8.19 7.31 2.26 7.18 4.34 a 2.08 1.80 3.05 5.04 5.41 1.68 4.51 2.16 7.80 6.49 2.09 0.88 3.10 3.64 2.50 3.53 3.11 9.74 3.37 2.59 12.70 3.00 1.85 6.38 1.52 4.62 1.84 5.05 1.34 4.90 4.96 5.13 8.94 1.45 0.53 3.51 4.12 2.69 0.84 3.99 2.46 4.26 4.86 1.84 3.14 5.06 6.51 1.03 1.23 4.66 6.30 2.91 2.03 3.40 4.49 4.12 5.36 2.97 3.51 3.14 2.92 3.45 3.54 3.72 3.79 4.10 + .32 +.52 -.14 +.31 +.22 -.05 +.17 -.10 +.26 +.48 +.66 +.40 4.81 4.64 5.22 3.28 3.73 3.09 3.09 3.35 3.80 4.20 4.45 4.50 CARMEL, 1900-1903. 1900 1901 1902 Average & Corrected c Corrected average d a 5.75 5.01 7.10 1.91 7.25 3.62 3.14 1.46 3.10 4.« 3.36 1.99 6.67 1.90 3.75 4.92 2.95 1.95 3.00 2.91 3.58 3.56 2.40 7.H 3.05 2.42 10.97 2.51 2.94 5.57 4.02 3.08 2.06 3.71 2.02 2.45 5.16 3.11 7.27 3.11 4.38 3.71 3.39 2.48 2.91 3.81 2.59 4.13 -1.39 + .23 -2.67 -.55 -1.00 -.52 +.78 -.06 +.54 -.97 +.91 -1.22 3.77 3.34 4.60 2.56 3.38 3.19 4.17 2.42 3.45 2.84 3.50 2.91 a Interpolated values in italic. & Average for period. c Correction necessary to reduce record to the 42-year period from 1869 to 1910, inclusive, covered by the Orono record. d Corrected average for the 42-year period, 1869-1910. PEECIPITATION. 21 Precipitation at stations in Maine, 1885-1910 — Continued. CHESUNCOOK, 1904-1906. Year. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual. 1904 1.78 2.67 1.94 2.13 +.31 2.44 0.80 0.69 1.61 1.03 +1.38 2.41 2.11 1.32 4.94 2.79 +1.29 4.08 2.52 0.71 2.33 1.85 +.08 1.93 3.49 2.42 2.74 2,88 -1.03 1.85 Vi 3.10 2.50 +.64 3.14 4.23 1.52 0.60 2.12 +.78 2.90 5.44 1.28 0.91 2.54 + .61 3.15 7.71 1.18 3.10 4.00 -.15 3.85 1.70 0.77 2.25 1.57 +1.05 2.62 1.57 3.15 0.59 2.22 34.69 1905 19.58 1906 2.36 +1.02 3.38 1.40 +.93 2.33 27. 17 Corrected & Corrected average c +6.91 34.08 CHESUNCOOK DAM, 1905-1909. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909- Average a Corrected ^ Corrected average < 3.02 2.59 4.41 1.82 2.17 1.85 2.74 6.76 3.66 3.70 0.50 1.69 2.49 5.28 3.94 2.67 2.65 3.38 1.26 d9.84 0.92 6.06 3.96 2.40 dl.l8 2.38 2.29 3.36 1.67 3.20 3.02 3.45 3.24 1.45 1.93 2.44 2.06 2.16 3.02 2.14 1.41 3.02 2.98 5.79 2.10 1.85 3.63 2.56 3.77 1.94 3.23 3.28 2.39 4.58 2.42 -.11 2.31 2.39 +.02 2.41 3.44 +.39 3.83 2.88 -.68 2.20 3.05 -.14 2.91 2.80 +.32 3.12 3.74 +.48 4.22 2.78 +1.02 3.80 3.96 -.57 3.39 2.90 +.61 3.51 2.58 +.40 2.98 2.62 +.56 3.18 37.68 39.33 31.09 40.74 35.56 +2.30 37.86 DANFORTH, 1902-1910. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. Average a ... Corrected & . . Corrected average c 0.95 3.59 2.35 3.66 3.71 3.16 1.51 3.55 2 94 2.95 5.75 3.92 2.89 2.43 5.05 3.48 1.01 2.55 2.86 1.40 0.65 4.31 2.23 3.72 1.76 1.80 4.10 2.56 3.48 2.46 3.02 0.53 1.42 6.23 3.75 3.62 2.66 1.00 3.95 2.77 2.91 5.98 2.91 2.22 5.12 5.02 4.12 2.48 4.94 2.87 2.32 4.23 0.35 4.88 3.05 2.60 4.20 1.85 2.40 1.76 4.11 1.58 2.40 2.57 3.59 1.60 3.30 3.57 2.21 4.27 2.93 2.02 3.55 2.79 4.04 4.10 2.95 1.93 1.41 4.13 1.28 7.10 1.80 4.73 3.88 6.81 2.14 1.62 5.56 3.48 1.49 3.92 3.28 3.32 3.06 2.57 2.34 1.35 3.77 +.05 3.82 3.52 +.42 3.94 3.03 +.71 3.74 2.92 -.06 2.86 2.43 +.37 2.80 2.74 +.59 3.33 3.14 +.06 3.20 2.73 +.60 3.33 3.39 + .67 4.06 3.31 +.74 4.05 3.14 +1.10 4.24 2.73 +.53 3.26 37.18 36.58 30.59 40.98 42.02 37.74 43.88 27.09 36.85 +5.78 42.63 DEBSCONEAG, 1905-1909. 1905 4.80 3.25 5.85 1.10 3.16 2.30 2.92 2.89 6.10 1.31 7.43 4.50 4.28 2.87 3.75 e3.57 3.25 3.44 1906 2.71 2.85 2.20 1.75 5.55 2.80 3^80 3.53 1.30 2.38 7.57 42.91 1907 46.01 1908 1909 2.60 4.12 +.52 4.64 3.04 2.40 +1.61 4.01 10.27 5.54 -1.41 4.13 2.87 4.03 +1.28 5.31 2.78 + .42 3.20 1.98 +1.09 3.07 4.18 +.77 4.95 3.74 -.78 2.96 2.42 -.24 2.18 4.98 -.96 4.02 3.63 -.07 3.56 3.42 +.12 3.54 43.22 Corrected b Corrected average c +2.35 45.57 a Average for period. b Correction necessary to reduce record to the 42-year period from Orono record, c Corrected average of the 42-year period, 1869-1910. dr Record from Sept. 19 to Oct. 13 from Miliinocket. e Interpolated values in italic. to 1910, inclusive, covered by the 22 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Precipitation at stations in Maine, 1885-1910 — Continued. FAIRFIELD, 1886-1908. Year. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual. 1886. 1887. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. Average a Corrected 6 Corrected average < 2.39 1.91 2.91 2.55 6.12 3.38 1.62 2.43 2.23 0.31 3.31 5.07 2.76 5.89 2.74 2.25 3.94 3.21 3.78 3' 19 1.61 3.01 - 17 2.84 3.61 2.62 3.27 2.12 3.31 2.23 2.28 2.77 1.03 0.34 2.95 1.00 6.48 2.73 7.00 1.95 1.54 3.39 1.05 0.99 2.52 2.65 3.68 2.70 - .10 2.80 1.75 2.05 3.84 3.09 4.61 4.75 1.82 2.49 0.86 1.58 5.62 2.63 1.45 3 4.75 5.22 7.76 6.35 3.78 0.88 1.43 1.77 3.28 - .09 3.19 1.36 3.64 1.07 1.06 1.71 1.97 0.80 2.13 0.72 3.50 1.28 2.40 2.31 1.05 1.63 3.96 2.41 1.95 5.75 2.15 3^49 1.93 2.26 - .20 2.46 3.04 0.41 3.18 2.54 7.79 2.26 2.67 3.42 3.78 1.83 2.33 4.47 1.55 2.05 5.18 2.35 2.54 0.37 4.75 2.22 3.55 2.62 4.52 3.02 - .12 2.90 1.04 2.84 4.25 2.97 2.03 5.79 0.99 2.97 1.96 1.91 3.39 3.32 1.39 4.08 1.64 4.04 3.56 2.32 3.49 3.29 2.95 2.17 2.84 - .08 2.76 1.71 8.77 3.60 3.11 3.81 4.63 1.78 2.27 2.56 3.21 3.52 1.13 5.13 2.99 2.22 2.69 3.65 5.32 5.36 2.41 3.29 - .24 3.53 2.06 2.98 3.56 1.74 3.57 4.00 5.58 2.90 3.50 2. 3.83 2.82 3.71 0.46 1.76 3 4.06 4.76 1.11 6.75 1.95 3.85 2.06 3.27 2.12 3.82 1.11 5.10 2.54 2.37 3.58 2.55 3.79 1.86 4.; 1.43 4.78 1.32 3.05 3.07 - .01 5.58 2.45 1.55 5.23 0.56 3.04 - .07 2.97 1.83 1.93 5.44 3.57 3.45 1.38 1.37 4.89 2.41 1.58 2.00 0.53 4.33 1.11 4.05 2.77 4.01 2.05 0.38 5.38 2.34 3.64 2.75 + .37 3.12 5.08 3.40 "5.'i3 2.06 2.14 3.16 0.86 2.02 5.47 2.35 3.98 3.71 2.32 4.55 2.19 1.03 1.06 1.61 3. 2.63 3.66 1.15 2, + .35 3.23 2.26 3.44 3.11 4.26 3.39 4.56 1.10 2.36 1.82 3.77 1.17 3.06 1.42 1.93 2.19 7, 4.68 2.70 1.44 3.19 3.55 2.68 2.07 2.96 + .07 3.03 35.66 '35.73 43.07 38.13 33.00 28.82 27.92 29.04 32.06 33.65 36.85 28.17 47.03 40.97 38.40 39.22 28.41 36.92 28. 56 35.10 + 0.81 35.91 GREENVILLE, 1904-1910. 1904 5.27 3.22 4.72 2.54 5.50 2.72 4.65 4.09 + .05 4.14 3.60 3.99 3.43 6.90 2.83 3.60 5.31 4.24 + .49 4.73 6.85 2.52 6.28 5.81 5.18 3.34 4.18 4.88 + .54 5.42 4.09 1.43 2.88 2.68 7.96 3.00 3.69 3.68 + .52 4.20 7.63 2.82 2.73 5.64 1.90 10.12 2.77 4.80 - .71 4.09 2.44 0.86 5.80 4.^2 2.08 1.73 2.13 2.78 + .76 3.54 0.47 2.51 1.85 S.72 1.92 4.57 3.21 2.61 + .96 3.57 1905 1.91 2.20 3.78 2.14 4.22 2.51 2.79 - .35 2.44 1.22 3.75 3.12 2.59 2.59 2.64 2.65 + .52 3.17 1906 1.20 0.98 2.63 4.51 3.43 2.55 2.55 1.23 1.30 4.93 4.80 3.51 3.15 + .08 3.23 d 1^.58 2.56 2.95 4.76 2.18 3.41 + .74 4.15 40.65 43. 45 42.61 1907 1908 .... 1909 49.96 1910 40.21 41.63 Corrected b Corrected average c + 3.60 45.23 a Average for period. b Correction necessary to reduce this record to the 42-year period from 1869 to 1910, inclusive, covered by the Orono record. c Corrected average for the 42-year period, 1869-1910. d Interpolated values in italic. i^KECIPITATION. 23 Precipitation at stations in Maine, 1885-1910 — Continued. HOULTON, 1892-1910, Year. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual. 1892 1 74 3 49 1.75 L30 3.00 2.15 0.99 1.52 0.87 1.57 0.72 3.55 2.12 1.30 3.05 1.30 6.54 "i'o? 3.65 3.78 3.91 3.78 2.43 5.74 2 98 2.22 3.10 3.65 4.03 2.48 1.11 1.78 3.90 4.89 1.70 3.50 0.85 3.18 5.78 1.42 3.57 3.73 4.50 1893 - . 3-27 2.54 2.55 0.85 1894 33.93 1895 1896 1902 1.25 2.50 2.80 1.25 3.20 1.75 2.25 4.09 2.66 2.19 + .17 2.36 2.87 0.30 3.65 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.20 1.51^ 3.75 2.08 + .50 2.58 8.06 2.45 2.52 1.50 1.40 4.20 2.00 3.20 2. .50 3 51 + .16 3.67 3.28 2.78 2.58 1.45 2.55 a 3. 08 1.30 2.15 2.17 2.71 + .30 3.01 4.09 1.55 3.00 0.12 1.50 3.22 3.57 1.65 1.07 2.60 + .17 2.77 4.10 1.15 6.70 1.80 1.20 5.00 0.49 6.14 0.85 2.98 - .08 2.90 4.73 2.40 3.40 1.00 7.34 3.10 1.35 1.25 1.65 2.9'j + .76 3.72 1.88 2.62 2.20 2.25 1.20 2.10 1.07 2.34 1.42 2.34 +1.12 3.46 4.62 2.00 1.44 2.40 2.J^8 2.00 1.50 2.05 0.87 2.51 + .56 3.07 1903 3.14 3.55 2.70 1.90 1.89 3.64 0.95 2.63 + .75 3.38 2.68 2.35 1.60 2.10 1.50 4.75 3.70 2.00 2.46 + .73 3.19 5.49 2.60 0.70 3.20 1.70 2.51 2.95 1.40 2.29 +1.16 3.45 29.06 1904 37.84 1905 19.62 1906 30.87 1907 30.55 1908 24.88 1909 .... 3J!^.70 1910 21.29 Average 6 31.26 Corrected c Corrected averaged + 6.30 37.56 KINEO, 1895-1903. 1895 2.11 0.37 2.82 4.24 1.35 2.51 1.95 6.90 1. 22 4 49 2.43 0.82 2.03 2.24 3.27 2.22 2.58 2.46 3.96 3.20 2.47 2.59 4.07 4.02 8.37 0.90 7.37 5.21 1.95 4.03 4.90 2.00 3.11 3.30 1.45 3.27 2.62 4.50 0.87 3.61 1.52 5.47 1.95 2.69 2.99 0.90 2.25 32.30 1896 30.29 1897 37.58 1898 1899 . 3.20 3.49 0.75 4.67 3.94 3.24 6.55 6.15 2.79 3.87 + .17 4.04 1900 5.17 2.65 2.15 2.36 2.73 - .09 2.64 3.47 1.80 3.60 3.08 + .29 3.37 3.90 1.45 4.73 4.99 3.00 -.113 1.87 "'4.' 85 2.65 1.51 2.55 3.01 2.55 0.94 5.40 1901 2.26 2.70 0.81 7.40 2.01 35.85 1902 1903 2.88 - .57 2.31 3.02 - .43 2.59 4.49 + .46 4.95 2.91 - .19 2.72 2.97 + .27 3.24 2.06 +1.38 3.44 2.72 + .43 3.15 3.11 - .63 2.48 36.84 Correctedc Corrected average d - 0.04 36.80 a Interpolated values In italic. 6 Average for record entered on this sheet. c Correction necessary to reduce this record to the 42-year period from 18G9 to 1910, inclusive, covered by the Orono record. d Corrected average for the 42-year period, 1869-1910. e Average for period. 24 WATER RESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Precipitation at stations in Maine, 1885-1910 — Continued. MAYFIELD, 188JJ-1908. Year. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept.. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual. 1885 9.03 1.26 4.01 2.27 5.70 3.97 3.34 8.36 2.69 6.45 3.03 3.13 3.41 2,94 2.04 3.31 2.94 7.39 6.54 3.17 3.39 4.61 4.64 2.91 2.58 6.53 3.48 '4.98 3.45 5.11 2.73 3. 27 2.65 4.44 6.07 8.04 1.52 4.79 4.48 5.40 2.95 5.27 4.41 4.39 4.66 4.75 3.70 3.74 3.35 6-88 3.35 6.40 4.78 9.19 5.20 2.05 3.86 4.90 4.07 4 43 1.05 1.25 5.25 6.36 3.03 5.32 1.86 4.13 3.18 2 79 3.93 1 41 5.90 6.52 5.85 1.58 5 63 4.21 5.71 2.09 5.31 3.01 3.57 3.33 3.26 2.63 4.33 0.85 5.73 4.40 2.23 5.67 3.50 2.33 2.74 7.93 5.83 3.45 1,56 1.60 7.37 6.41 2,25 4.77 1.43 5.79 1 71 2.99 3.43 5.83 3.12 2.42 0.96 5.54 6.11 3.40 6.82 4.27 6.90 5.39 2.01 2.91 5.14 3.49 2.48 7.63 5.11 5.12 6.02 2.19 7.43 2.44 1.65 1 61 1.58 2.87 3.61 5.35 3.09 1886 . . . 8.06 4.12 2.85 1.40 5.91 1.42 2.09 2.42 3.75 3.76 2.08 3.17 3.66 10.29 2.37 1887 1888 3.25 1889 1890 1891 1892 4.80 2.47 3.15 2.31 0.94 3.99 4.22 2.50 6.27 2.60 3.21 5.48 3.07 4.25 2.69 1.40 3.64 3.61 + .14 3.75 2.14 1.83 1.61 1.08 3.58 2.07 7.99 4.00 7.39 1.20 3.60 3.27 1.81 al.ll 2.01 1.72 2.89 2.36 1.31 1.25 7.20 3.92 0.96 4.87 5.65 5.55 9.50 5.33 2.76 1.00 5.24 1.86 0.95 3.02 2.27 5=84 1.24 3.43 1.14 3.05 1.10 8.63 4.12 3.06 1.47 2.69 3.38 5.42 1893 i 86 1.17 6.21 2.34 4.56 2.26 0.99 1.57 6.33 4.16 1.56 3.42 2.17 2.70 4.04 5.65 4.83 3.83 3.02 5.04 1.88 3.02 5.84 2.26 3.40 0.58 6.86 3.29 3.90 2.40 43 42 1894 40.09 1895 43.82 1896 47.61 1897 48.09 1898 42.72 1899 33.54 1900 50.54 1901 48.66 1902 56.50 1903 39.70 1904 42.02 1905 32.38 1906 44.70 1907 46.54 1908... . 2.97 + .52 3.49 3.79 + .25 4.04 2.97 + .12 3.09 3.86 - .14 3.72 4.24 - .06 4.18 4.30 + .01 4.31 4.23 - .06 4.17 3.92 - .04 3.88 3.87 + .42 4.29 4.15 + .05 4.20 3.18 + .21 3.39 45.09 Corrected c Corrected average d + 1.42 46.51 MILLINOCKET, 1899-1910. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. Average & Corrrectedi; Corrected averaged 1.14 6.41 3.80 3.96 4.08 6.53 0.57 1.73 4.08 2.02 3.80 6.11 1.14 3.77 3.31 0.91 6.45 9.41 6.24 1.63 2.53 0.59 5.11 5.63 0.94 3.02 1.78 4.59 1.85 3.68 2.55 8.75 3.97 0.96 6.47 1.95 2.47 5.82 2.50 3.63 4.15 5.09 1.88 5.23 3.34 3.30 6.39 1.96 0.72 2.07 4.25 2.48 2.82 2.72 2.64 3.64 3.35 1.89 3.86 2.82 4.38 2.16 4.96 4.06 6.46 3.21 2.20 1.89 5.45 1.25 0.77 2.05 2.91 2.41 2.92 2.08 3.47 1.49 4.29 3.57 3.09 3.45 6.29 3.69 3.57 2.96 ■6.24 1.90 3.16 7.10 4.21 3.35 3.24 1.95 2.16 3.60 2.50 7.33 4.70 4.04 5.31 4.14 3.75 3.32 2.52 3.82 2.65 1.93 5.16 2.10 2.35 5.01 2.46 3.30 1.88 3.32 5.24 5.36 4.24 4.64 3.05 2.91 3.09 3.07 9.70 1.80 4.92 2.07 4.05 3.56 1.66 4.27 2.97 4.37 3.72 2.39 2.61 2.21 2.86 2.96 3.93 3.23 4.17 3.11 3.02 3.58 3.68 2.96 4.01 3.72 3.01 3.53 -.34 +.37 -.17 -.19 -.06 +.20 +.12 +.67 -.05 +.34 +1.03 +.23 3.59 3.60 4.00 2.92 2.96 3.78 3.80 3.63 3.96 4.06 4.04 3.76 55.17 41.02 44.02 36.33 41.24 32.66 46.01 46.04 36.50 50.09 37.63 41.95 +2.15 44.10 o Interpolated values in italic. 6 Average for period. c Correction necessary to reduce record to the 42-year period from 1869 to 1910, inclusive, covered by the Orono record, d Corrected average for the 42-year period, 1869-1910. PEEOIPITATION. 25 Precipitation at stations in Maine, 1885-1910 — Continued. ORONO, 1869-1910. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2.54 4.26 3.36 2.39 2.95 a 4. 00 1.62 1.91 3.67 9.57 3.36 a7.50 5.61 4.30 2.11 3.55 1.96 2.07 1.78 3.21 2.23 5.53 5.61 3.04 2.60 2.53 4.11 3.91 3.63 2.58 1.98 3.85 1.10 7.50 3.58 4.16 2.18 1.70 5.23 1.93 3.92 4.47 2.68 6.23 3.55 6.01 7.06 3.66 4.09 2.97 4.70 2.59 1.96 1.32 3.26 1.81 4.74 6.56 5.05 1.74 4.57 5.50 3.40 3.76 4.74 4.93 2.10 5.39 4.37 1.14 3.06 1.98 2.00 3.80 4.45 3.85 3.31 4.85 2.11 2.32 5.10 4.75 3.87 1.51 3.92 8.39 8.20 1.65 3.73 2.56 5.80 0.91 4.28 3.91 4.35 4.67 8.29 1.20 5. 67 3.18 1.94 1.98 1.64 5.28 1.11 4.78 7.95 2.15 5.08 2.41 2.73 3.40 2.14 5.42 4.77 3.00 2.00 4.73 4.91 7.92 3.28 3.56 3.40 3.51 1.80 4.73 5.79 5.66 4.93 3.49 2.98 3.60 2.83 2.83 2.86 4.15 2.17 0.73 3.32 1.54 3.84 4.15 3.52 1.90 2.08 3.35 3.64 1.28 4.85 3.38 2.72 5.89 2.35 3.57 2.81 6.88 4.19 3.96 5.20 2.05 4.52 4.44 3.10 1.64 6.44 1.09 1.78 2.85 2.44 2.34 1.89 3.80 5.10 3.66 6.90 0.53 2.23 4.97 3.75 2.99 4.44 6.85 4.37 3.38 5.42 1.37 2.38 3.12 2.19 2.70 3.99 4.74 4.73 4.45 2.78 2.34 3.38 4.60 4.70 7.36 2.52 5.12 5.37 5.64 6.64 5. 42 2.87 1.8C 4.67 2.74 1.05 2.27 4.11 1.42 8.67 6.38 7.56 5.89 5.88 5.08 1.25 3.36 7.11 4.60 0.95 3.00 3.48 4.72 4.97 6.11 6.48 1.78 2.82 3.65 2.47 4.59 6.97 7.51 6.43 4.96 5.37 5.20 4.62 1.93 1.86 4.93 3.23 1.65 2.21 4.04 4.50 3.40 3.33 4.52 5.81 2.02 10.52 3.84 3.84 4. 55 4.47 3.36 2.67 4.10 7.66 2.93 5.20 3.26 2.83 3.20 3.56 4.67 3.68 2.85 2.78 4.76 4.80 1.96 2.52 1.12 1.94 5.96 1.99 6.41 3.91 1.75 4.47 2.26 0.85 5.75 1. 45 2.18 2.55 2.69 3.25 3.90 6.02 3.34 1.43 4.21 3.01 1.73 1.23 1.18 3.84 2.90 2.41 2.01 3.40 4.33 1.24 1.75 a 2. 75 0.83 2.39 3.88 2. 13 1.35 2.85 2.14 1.05 1.51 3.61 a 4. 00 a 0.7 5 2.20 6.95 1.35 2.09 2.62 2.58 4.26 8.00 3.75 4.23 1.30 3. 03 2. 38 3.96 3. 03 4.49 3. 71 2.02 5. 09 2.65 1.01 5.04 3.58 6.32 8.05 2.23 4.95 1.02 5.28 2.44 3.14 2.29 6.19 6.84 1.27 2.75 2.27 4.76 0.66 4.12 4.10 4.49 T. 3.20 2.92 2.01 3.09 8.14 6.75 5.47 2.01 8.24 3.83 2.53 1.58 2.94 5.70 4.59 2.02 4.33 1.95 5.45 5.12 2.07 1.79 2.75 3.76 4.22 4.12 2.54 7.94 3. 65 1.80 8.89 2.94 2.77 6.03 1.81 4.96 1.94 5.04 1.76 4.77 3.62 3.48 6.22 1.71 0.73 2.09 6.49 2.22 1.21 3.44 2.79 3.14 3.63 2.57 3.18 2.31 4.26 2.17 2.43 4.46 6.47 3.10 1.62 2.00 4.28 2.20 0.83 2.22 3.47 3.13 2.19 2.13 3.19 0.78 4.08 3.51 3.11 2.27 4.34 3.65 5.44 2.86 2.47 1.69 1.51 4.90 3.52 3.37 4.01 3.01 2.25 3.53 1.77 5.77 3.44 1.41 6.12 2.71 4.22 3.84 3.36 4.23 2.90 2.37 4.59 1.35 2.85 4.69 0.81 6.03 1.39 2.94 5.87 5.32 5.23 4.41 2. 21 2.11 2.37 1.82 9.09 2.43 4.14 1.98 3.57 3.42 1.91 2.76 1.42 2.70 2.43 3.72 2.79 2.56 1.42 2.88 3.98 3.73 4.07 2.81 3.36 3.36 3.14 3.37 3.57 3.98 3.87 3.69 Annual PATTEN, 1902-1910. Average & Corrected c Corrected average d 1.60 2.90 4.20 3.50 1.00 5.80 3.10 3.16 -.03 3.13 a 2. 05 0.90 3.80 2.40 4.75 3.34 2.87 ■f.55 3.42 3.02 1.02 0.90 5.90 1.40 4.16 0.93 2.48 +.65 3.13 1.00 a 2. 03 2.90 2.50 2.40 1.50 5.14 5.35 2.85 -.13 2.72 3.52 0.12 4.25 2.15 1.30 2.05 1.79 2.73 +.60 3.33 6.20 2.29 4.15 5.25 1.84 10.04 2.50 4.28 3.00 4.03 4.30 2.00 5.26 4.21 1.51 6.42 4.27 3.89 +.20 4.09 3. 2.64 2.49 0.06 1.57 5.00 5.00 3.91 2.28 2.97 +.36 3.33 4.30 0.69 10.42 3.96 1.52 6.04 0.30 9.71 4.63 4.62 -.11 4.51 4.80 2.58 3.10 1.38 10.10 5.70 2.38 2.98 4.13 +.86 4.99 2.88 +.93 3.81 2.20 3.40 1.50 2.00 2.73 4.00 1.55 1.95 2.73 2.45 +.53 2.98 a Interpolated values in italic. 6 Average for period. c Correction necessary to reduce record to the 42-year period from 1869 to 1910, inclusive, covered by the Orono record, d Corrected average for the 42-year period, 1869-1910. 26 WATER RESOURCES OF PEKOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Precipitation at stations in Maine, 1885-1910 — Continued. SOUTH LAGRANGE, 1903-1905. Year. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual. 1903 2.99 2.40 1.85 1.92 2.51 1.75 1904 2.10 3.76 2.93 + .02 2.95 1.50 1.22 1.36 +1.35 2.71 3.60 0.56 2.08 +2.07 4.15 3.03 4.85 2.62 4.77 5.10 5.93 39.57 1905 3.03 +.50 3.53 4.85 -.90 3.95 2.62 +1.19 3.81 4.77 +.71 5.48 5.10 -1.09 4.01 5.93 -2.90 3.03 2.70 +.71 3.41 1.88 +1.67 3.55 2.13 +1.12 3.25 39.38 Corrected & Corrected average c +4.45 43. 83 THE FORKS, 1901-1910. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1&04. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. Averagea Corrected & Corrected average <■ 3.31 3.40 2.60 2.30 8.65 3.10 3.50 3.35 5.29 3.20 4.62 6.42 2.92 3.43 5.39 2.30 3.63 4.42 1.35 0.61 4.36 4.58 3.24 0.91 1.60 1.73 2.97 2.95 1.40 1.95 3.70 5.08 4.64 7.53 2 69 6.82 2.23 1.34 1.58 3.39 1.11 1.30 1.68 3.58 4.33 3.37 1.86 3.47 1.24 2.90 2.40 2.24 2.05 4.20 2.18 3.13 3.07 4.56 2.57 3.79 5.98 2.61 2.82 1.78 2.15 2.96 5.23 2.42 4.21 8.08 2.62 5.75 4.63 4.76 2.02 2.02 3.74 2.10 2.22 4.42 2.80 4.61 3.01 1.00 2.28 2.22 2.00 4.36 4.04 3.85 4.65 3.14 2.22 3.50 3.35 7.56 1.00 4.34 2.05 2.98 3.32 2.23 2.85 5.35 3.40 5.10 1.85 2.16 2.35 2.50 1.70 2.84 2.75 3.14 3.01 3.59 3.94 4.92 2.74 4.09 2.80 2.73 2.99 +0.08 +0.59 +0.10 -0.07 +0.40 +0. 23 +0.20 +0. 3d -0.11 +0.47 +1.12 +0.05 2.92 3.34 3.24 2.94 3.99 4.17 5.12 3.10 3.98 3.27 3.85 3.04 46.92 31.70 41.91 30.63 39.20 46.61 33.02 44.06 35.79 39.54 +3.42 42.96 o Average for period. b Correction necessary to reduce record to the 42-year period from Oron,o record, c Corrected average for the 42-year period, 1869-1910. to 1910, inclusive, covered by the Average precipitation in the Penobscot River drainage area, Maine, corrected to the period 1869 to 1910, inclusive. Station. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual. Bar Harbor Belfast 5.12 4.81 3.77 2.44 2.31 3.82 3.20 2.84 2.55 3.38 2.64 3.75 3.59 3.98 3.13 2.95 2.92 4.36 4.64 3.34 2.41 2.41 3.94 3.07 2.80 3.23 3.19 3.37 3.49 3.60 3.73 3.42 2.71 3.34 5.17 5.22 4.60 4.08 3.83 3.74 4.95 3.19 4.15 3.45 1.87 4.04 4.00 4.07 3.13 4.15 3.24 3.37 3.28 2.56 1.93 2.20 2.86 2.96 2.46 2.44 2.36 2.31 3.09 2.92 2.81 2.72 3.53 2.94 3.51 3.73 3.38 1.85 2.91 2.80 2.18 2.90 4.14 2.58 2.59 3.72 2.96 3.36 3.33 3.95 3.99 2.90 3.09 3.19 3.14 3.12 3.33 4.02 2.76 4.73 3.67 4.04 4.18 3.78 3.36 4.65 3.81 4.17 2.93 3.09 4.17 2.90 4.22 3.20 4.64 3.53 5.42 3.01 4.95 4.31 3.80 3.14 4.09 5.48 5.12 3.16 3.35 2.42 3.15 3.80 3.33 4.01 3.08 4.20 2.77 2.72 4.17 3.63 3.37 3.33 4.01 3.10 3.52 3.80 3.45 3.85 3.39 4.06 4.13 2.97 4.09 2.90 3.24 3.88 3.96 3.57 4.51 3.03 3.98 4.53 4.20 2.84 2.62 3.51 4.05 5.31 3.12 3.54 3.72 3.44 4.29 4.06 3.98 4.99 3.41 3.27 5.19 4.45 3.50 3.38 2.98 4.24 3.56 3.23 3.57 3.46 3.15 4.20 4.04 3.87 3.81 3.55 3.85 4.94 4.50 2.91 2.33 3.18 3.26 3.54 3.03 3.17 3.07 2.48 3.39 3.76 2! 98 3.25 3.04 48.70 48.16 Carmel 40.13 Chesuncook Chesuncook Dam. . Danforth 34.08 37.86 42.63 Debsconeag Fairfield 45.57 35.91 Greenville 45.23 37.56 Kineo 36.80 Mayfield 46.51 Millinocket 44.10 42.93 Patten 44.09 South Lagrange . . . The Forks 43.83 42.96 Mean 3.36 3.36 3.93 2.75 3.17 3.64 4.00 3.39 3.67 3.82 3.77 3.32 42.18 STEEAM FLOW. 27 STREAM FLOW. FIELD METHODS OF MEASURING STREAM FLOW.i The flow of streams in open channels may be determined (1) by measurements of slope and cross section and the use of Chezy's and Kutter's formulas, (2) by means of a weir or dam, and (3) by meas- urements of the velocity of the current and of the area of the cross section. The method chosen depends on the physical conditions of the stream, on the degree of accuracy desired, on the funds available, and on the length of time that the record is to be continued. In the Penobscot River drainage basin the velocity method has been used for determining the discharge of all streams except the West Branch at MilUnocket.^ ^ A gaging station consists essentially of a gage for determining the daily fluctuations of stage of the river and some structure or apparatus from which discharge measurements are made, commonly a bridge or cable. The stations in the Penobscot River basin are selected and equipped with great care, in order that the data may have the required degree of accuracy. The two factors required to determine the discharge of a stream past a section perpendicular to the mean direction of the current are the area of the cross section and the mean velocity of flow normal to that section. Depths for the determination of the area are usually measured by sounding with the current meter and cable. The Price current meter is used by the United States Geological Survey almost to the exclusion of meters of other types to determine the velocity of flow of water in open channels. The meter consists of six cups attached to a vertical shaft which revolves on a conical hardened-steel point when immersed in moving water. The number of revolutions is indicated electrically. The relation between the velocity of the moving water and the revo- lutions of the wheel is determined for each meter by drawing it through still water for a given distance at different speeds and noting the number of revolutions for each run. These data form the basis of a rating table which gives the velocity of moving water per second for any number of revolutions in a given period of time. In using a current meter the engineer marks, on the structure from which observations of depth and velocity are to be made, a number of points above and in the plane of the selected section, spacing these points equally for parts of the section in which the flow is uniform and smooth and unequally for other parts. In general, the points should not be farther apart than 5 per cent of the distance between 1 For more complete information regarding the methods of gaging streams, see Water-Supply Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 261, pp. 18-23. 2 For description of this station, which is located at a dam, and the methods of computing discharge, see page 33. 28 WATER RESOURCES OE PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. piers, nor farther apart than the approximate mean depth at the time of measurement. The measuring points divide the total cross section into elementary strips, at each end of which depth and velocity are observed. The discharge of any elementary strip is the product of the average of the depths at the two ends times the width of the strip times the average of the mean velocities at the two ends of the strip. The sum of the discharges of the elementary strips is the total discharge of the stream. The two classes of methods of measuring velocity with current jneters in most general use are the multiple point and single point. The two principal multiple-point methods in general use are the ver- tical velocity curve and 0.2 and 0.8 depth. In the vertical velocity curve method a series of velocity determi- nations are made in each vertical at regular intervals, usually about 10 to 20 per cent of the depth apart. These velocities are plotted as abscissas and their depths as ordinates and a smooth curve is drawn among resulting points. The mean velocity in the vertical is then obtained by dividing the area bounded by this velocity curve and its axis by the depth. This method of obtaining the mean velocity in the vertical is probably best known, but on account of the length of time required to make a complete measurement its use is largely Hm- ited to the determination of coefficients for purposes of comparison and to measurements under ice. In the second multiple-point method the meter is held successively at 0.2 and 0.8 depth, and the mean of the velocities at these two points is taken as the mean velocity for that vertical. Observations under a wide range of conditions show that this multiple-point method gives the mean velocity very closely for open-water flow, and that in a completed measurement it seldom varies as much as 1 per cent from the value given by the vertical velocity-curve method. Moreover, experience indicates that it holds nearly as well for ice-covered rivers. During the last two or three years it has been extensively used in the regular practice of the United States Geological Survey. In the single-point method the meter is held either at the depth of the thread of mean velocity or at an arbitrary depth for which the coefficient for reducing to mean velocity has been determined or must be assumed. In general practice the thread of mean velocity has been found to be located at about 0.6 depth, and almost all measure- ments made prior to 1907 were made by this method. In the other principal single-point method the meter is held near the surface, usually 1 foot below, or low enough to be out of the effect of the wind or other disturbing influence. This is known as the sub- surface method. The coefficient for reducing the velocity taken at the subsurface to the mean has been found in general to be from about 0.85 to 0.95, depending on the stage, the velocity, and the condition ) 2.0 3.0 K) 2750 3000 3250 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 KEAG. WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 279 PLATE IV / 7 ' ^--- n A ^ *- J6o / MEASUREMENTS Year Numbers 1902 1 — 4- 1903 5-13 1904 14—16 1905 17—22 1906 23 1907 26, 27 1908 30, 31 1909 •34 ^ / -^ / -^ IS .°4^| '^^ — 5°, ^ \jji^ fe '7 /s °J .^ / '' ,9^=^ ^ ^ ^/ / / c ^ '^ \ f / > / /6 ^°> ^ '^A 18 7o ^ ^ ^ / 4^ X \ / /4+ °4/J. X ^ 'r- 3^,,e 7^ " ?./6 hS / ^1 / t / ^' ^ /o / L X 23 J bll L ^o/'^ ,3/ /<20 Nean vel^ City i„fU, ers scon d DISCHARGE, AREA, AND Area in square feet o i.o 2.0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 Discharge in second-feet VELOCITY CURVES OF MATTAWAMKEAG RIVER AT MATTAW^AMKEAG. STEEAM FLOW. 29 of the channel. This method is especially adapted for measurements during floods or when the velocity is so great that the meter can not be kept in the correct position for the other methods. The determination of the flow of an ice-covered stream is difiicult, owing to diversity and instability of conditions during the winter period and also to lack of definite information in regard to the laws of flow of water under ice. The method now employed is to make frequent discharge measurements by the 0.2 and 0.8 and the vertical velocity curve methods during the ice periods, and to keep record accurately of the gage height to the surface of the water as it rises in a hole cut in the ice and the thickness and character of the ice. From these data the daily flow can be estimated approximately by constructing a rating curve (really a series of curves) similar to that used for flow in open channels, but considering, in addition to gauge heights and discharge, the varying thickness of ice.^ OFFICE METHODS OF COMPUTING AND STUDYING DISCHARGE AND RUN-OFF. The discharge measurements are plotted on cross-section paper and rating curves are drawn. (See PL IV. ) The rating tables prepared from these curves are then applied to the tables of daily gage heights to obtain the daily discharges, and from these applications the tables of monthly discharge and run-off are computed. The stations in the Penobscot River basin present the most favor- able conditions for accurate determinations of discharge. The stream bed is, as a rule, composed of rock, and is not subject to change by deposits of sediment and loose material. Discharge measurements made at these stations usually plot within 2 or 3 per cent or less of the mean discharge curve, and the rating tables developed from the curves represent a high degree of accuracy. Estimates have been made of the monthly discharge during winter months for 1907, 1908, and 1909. These estimates are based on available measurements under ice conditions, on daily records of tem- perature and precipitation obtained from the climate and crop reports of the United States Weather Bureau, on observers' notes, and on a careful and thorough intercomparison of results with those obtained on adjacent streams. Although every care possible is used in making these estimates, many of them are very rough, the data for some of them being so poor that the estimates are liable to as much as 50 per cent error. It is believed, however, that estimates of this character are better than none at all, and that they indicate in a relative way the proportionate amount of flow during the frozen period. These esti- mates are included in the annual discharge. The large error of the 1 For information in regard to flow of streams under ice see Water-Supply Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 187. 30 WATER RESOUBCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. individual months has a relatively small effect on the annual total, and it is for many purposes desirable to have the yearly discharge computed, even though it involves some error. ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPARATIVE RESULTS. Practically all current-meter measurements made under fair ccfndi- tions are well within 5 per cent of the true discharge at the time of observation. Inasmuch as the errors of meter measurements are largely compensating, the mean rating curve, when well defined, is nluch more accurate than the individual measurements. Numerous experiments made especially to test the accuracy of current-meter work show that it compares very favorably with the results from standard weirs, and, owing to simplicity of methods, usually gives results that are much more reliable than those from stations at dams, where uncertainty regarding the coefficient and complicated condi- tions of flow prevail. The work is, of course, dependent on the reliability of the observers. With relatively few exceptions, the observers perform their work honestly. Care is taken, however, to watch them closely and to inquire into any discrepancies. It is, of course, obvious that one gage reading a day does not always give the mean height for that day. As an almost invariable rule, however, errors from this source are com- pensating and virtually negligible in a period of one month, although a single day's reading may, when taken by itself, be considerably in error. In order to give engineers and others information regarding the probable accuracy of the computed results, footnotes are added to the rating tables and an accuracy column is inserted in the monthly-dis- charge table. In the rating tables ^'well defined" indicates that the rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; '^fairly well defined," within 10 per cent; '^ poorly defined" or '^ approximate," within 15 to 25 per cent. These notes are very general and are based on the plotting of the individual measurements with reference to the mean rating curve. The accuracy column in the monthly-discharge table does not apply to the maximum or minimum, nor to any individual day, but to the monthly mean. It is based on the accuracy of the rating, the proba- ble reliability of the observer, and knowledge of local conditions. In this column, A indicates that the mean monthly flow is probably accu- rate within 5 per cent; B, within 10 per cent; C, within 15 per cent; D, within 25 per cent. Special conditions are covered by footnotes. STEEAM FLOW. 31 USE OF THE DATA. In general, the policy is followed of making available for the public the base data which are collected in the field each year by the survey engineers. This is done not only to comply with the law, but also for the express purpose of giving to any engineer the opportunity of exam- ining the computed results and of changing and adjusting them as may seem best to him. Although it is believed that the rating tables and revised monthly discharges are as good as the base data up to and including the current year will warrant, it should be borne in mind that additional data collected at these stations from year to year in the future will throw new light on data already collected and pub- lished, and hence allow more or less improvement in the computed results of earlier years. The values in the table of monthly discharge are so arranged as to give only a general idea of the conditions of flow at the station, and it is not expected that they will be used for other than preliminary esti- mates. This is particularly true of the maximum and minimum fig-' ures, which, owing to the method of collecting these data, are liable to large errors. The maximum value should be increased considerably for many stations in considering designs for spillways, and the mini- mum value should be considered for a group of, say, seven days and not for one day. The rating table is published primarily to allow the engineer to apply it directly to the daily gage heights and rearrange the daily discharges in order of magnitude or by some other method. EXPLANATION OF TABLES. For the Penobscot River drainage basin there is given a brief gen- eral description covering such subjects as area, source, tributaries, topography, geology, forests, rainfall, ice conditions, storage, power sites, and other special features of importance or interest. For each regular current-meter gaging station are given the follow- ing data: Description of station, list of discharge measurements, table of daily gage heights, rating table, table of daily discharges, and table of monthly and yearly discharges and run-off. For the Millinocket station, the gage heights and rating tables are omitted and a table of daily discharge is substituted. In addition to statements regarding the location and installation of current-meter stations, the descriptions give information in regard to any conditions which may affect the constancy of the relation be- tween gage height and discharge, covering such points as ice, logging, and backwater. Statements are also made regarding the accuracy and reliability of the data. 32 WATER EESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. The discharge-measurement table gives the results of the discharge measurements made during the year, including the date, gage height, and discharge in second-feet. The table of daily gage heights gives the daily fluctuations of the surface of the river as found from the mean of the gage readings taken each day. The gage height given in the table represents the elevation of the surface of the water above the zero of the gage. All gage heights during ice periods, backwater from obstructions, etc., are published as recorded, with suitable footnotes. The rating is not applicable for such periods unless the proper correction to the gage heights is known and applied. The discharge measurements and gage heights are the base data from which the rating tables and monthly discharge tables are com- puted. The rating table gives, either directly or by interpolation, the dis- charge in second-feet corresponding to every stage of the river recorded during the period for which it is applicable. It is published to enable engineers to determine the daily discharge by its appli- cation to the table of gage heights or to check results in the table of monthly discharge. In the table of monthly discharge the column headed '^ Maximum '* gives the mean flow, as determined from the rating table, for the day when the mean gage height was highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day, it does not indicate correctly the period when the water surface was at crest height and the corresponding discharge consequently larger than given in this column. Likewise, in the column headed ''Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when the mean gage hetght was lowest. The column headed ''Mean" is the average flow in cubic feet for each second during the month. On this the computations for the remaining col- umns, which are defined on pages 32-33, are based. DEFINITION OF TERMS. The volume of water flowing in a stream — the "run-off" or "dis- charge" — is expressed in various terms, each of which has become associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided into two groups: (1) Those which represent a rate of flow, as second- feet, and run-off in second-feet per square mile, and (2) those which represent the actual quantity of water, as run-off in depth in inches. They may be defined as follows: "Second-foot" is an abbreviation for cubic foot per second and is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a stream 1 foot wide, 1 foot deep, at a rate of 1 foot per second. "Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, STREAM FLOW. 33 on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as regards time and area. '^Run-off in inches" is the depth to which the drainage area would be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were con- served and uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for com- paring run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth in inches. LOCATION OF STATIONS. The location of the various gaging stations for which data regard- ing flow are here given is indicated on Plate I by letters, and in the following table: Gaging stations in Penobscot basin. Letter on Plate I. River. Location. Date estab- Ushed. EstabUshed by- A West Branch of Penob- scot. Penobscot MilUnocket Jan. 11,1901 Nov. 5,1901 Oct. 23,1902 Aug. 26,1902 Aug. 17,1902 June 14,1904 Sept. 15,1908 July 7, 1904 July 19,1904 do Great Northern Paper Co. furnish records. U. S. Geol. Survey. Do. B West Enfield East Branch of Penob- scot. Mattawamkeag D E Mattawamkeag Do. Do. F Cold Stream * Enfield U. S. Geol. Survey. Discon- tinued Dec. 31, 1906. U. S. Geol. Survey. U. S. Geol. Survey. Discon- tinued July 1, 1908. Do. Do. G Kenduskeag Near Bangor H PhilUps Lake, north outlet. Phillips Lake, south- east outlet.o Phillips Lake East Holden H H Near Lake House Near East Holden a Read only at times of visits of the hydrographers. WEST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER AT MILLINOCKET. The discharge of Penobscot River at the Millinocket mill of the Great Northern Paper Co. has been computed and the data have been furnished since 1901 by H. S. Ferguson, engineer for the company. The Millinocket site was developed by placing a concrete dam on the Penobscot at the outlet of Quakish Lake (see PL V), a little over a mile from the mill site on Millinocket Stream, which enters the Penob- scot about 4J miles below Quakish Lake. Millinocket Stream has only a slight fall but the main river drops some 112 feet in this vicinity, and by utilizing the stream for a tailrace a head of about 110 feet has been obtained. About 3 miles above Quakish Lake dam is the comparatively new North Twin Lake storage dam, affording about 14.5 billion cubic feet of storage. Quakish Lake dam is at an elevation of 456.3 feet above sea level, as determined by the Penobscot River survey of 1904. Records are obtained by considering the flow through the wheels, the flow over the Quakish Lake dam, and water used from time to time by the log sluice, filters, etc. The wheels were rated at Hol- yoke, Mass., before being placed in position. As the head under which they work, averaging about 110 feet, is much greater than the 15042°— wsp 279—12 3 34 WATER RESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. head under which they were tested, numerous tube-float measure- ments of flow in the canal leading to the mill have been made by Mr. Ferguson in order to determine just how much water the mill used under different gate openings. In addition to this, during 1904 a series of current-meter measurements were made by the United States Geological Survey to check results obtained by the floats and to obtain a suitable coefficient for use with the float measurements. It is believed that these various checks on the measurements insure a good estimate of the flow through the wheels. . An automatic recording gage of the Friez type is installed at Quakish Lake dam and flow is computed by the formula Q = chJi^ in which c is a variable coefficient obtained (1) from the results of weir measurements made by Mr. Ferguson on a 10-foot portion of the dam, and (2) from a study of the results of experiments made by George W. Rafter at the Cornell testing flume. When the flow of the river is less than 2,500 second-feet all the water is generally used through the mill; flow over the flashboards, which are used much of the time, is computed by use of the formula Q=3.33&R Several storage dams, including the North Twin dam previously mentioned, which have been constructed at points in the basin above this mill, store water on a surface of about 65 square miles, with a capacity of about 30 billion cubic feet. Except during the time (usually in August) that excess water has to be applied for log driv- ing on the river below Millinocket and for a short time in the spring the run-off is regulated by storage. Further storage sufficient to practically control the run-off from the drained area above Milli- nocket is contemplated by the Great Northern Paper Co. Milli- nocket Lake is now being used for power storage at the new mills of the company at East Millinocket and Dolby. It has been utilized for log driving for many years. The records of the discharge at Millinocket are under the personal supervision of Mr. Ferguson, are carefully kept, and are rated as excellent. No difficulty is experienced in winter on account of ice affecting the estimates of discharge or the running of the wheels. Ferguson Pond, just above the entrance to the canal, eliminates effect from anchor ice. The maximum daily discharge — 24,250 second-feet — since the beginning of the records occurred April 1 and 2, 1903; the minimum weekly discharge, not considering periods when water was not in use at the mill, was 291 second-feet from January 28 to February 3, 1904. The Millinocket mill of the Great Northern Paper Co,, with nearly 25,000 horsepower of wheel installation, has a daily output of about 300 tons of pulp and 300 tons of paper, and is doubtless the largest mill in the world. At East Millinocket and Dolby, about 10 miles U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 279 PLATE V A. QUAKISH LAKE DAM OF GREAT NORTHERN PAPER CO., NEAR MILLINOCKET. B. GRINDER ROOM IN MILLINOCKET MILL OF GREAT NORTHERN PAPER CO. STEEAM FLOW. 35 down river, are other mills of this company, constructed during 1907. utilizing over 15,000 horsepower of wheels, with a daily capacity of about 180 tons of pulp and 130 tons of paper. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinochet, 1901-1909. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Get. Nov. 1,310 960 a 1,200 1,500 1,460 1,310 1,260 1,430 1,450 al,390 1,500 1,780 1,000 1,700 1,410 2,060 al,560 1,590 1,390 1,170 1,600 2,230 2,860 2,160 2,160 o2, 130 2,010 2,040 2,010 2,020 1,950 1,740 a2,030 2,030 2,030 2,020 2,190 2,030 1,910 a2,560 1,980 1,950 1,970 2,070 1,960 2,080 o2,660 1,950 1,800 3,270 2,170 2,160 1,580 1,670 a2,250 1,410 1,840 1,630 1,210 1,660 1,910 al, 480 1,050 1,740 2,360 1,890 1,860 2,000 ai,230 1,650 1,440 1,550 1,390 1,760 1.450 al,60U 1,640 1,330 1,420 1,600 1,930 a2,630 2,180 2,090 2,110 2,040 2,100 1,940 03,440 2,120 2,020 2,000 2,060 1,970 1,870 f73,090 3,370 2,060 2,110 2,120 2,130 2,020 a3,440 2,110 2,120 2,130 2,140 2,120 1,740 1,510 al,450 1,680 1,930 1,510 1,410 1,300 1,160 al,470 1,710 1,370 1,680 2,000 1,920 2,180 02,800 3,210 1,93 1,510 1,510 1,720 1,510 2,030 al,450 1,610 1,770 1,830 1,410 1,370 1,420 ol,480 1,780 1,910 1,510 1,940 1,940 1,990 ol,350 2,140 a2,110 2,110 2,110 2,110 2,100 2,180 2,340 a2,350 2,530 2,320 2,820 2,820 2,700 2,690 o2,500 5,500 5,390 6,430 6,960 8,760 8,580 08,190 9,950 9,910 9,790 9,820 9,790 9,840 09,970 9,970 01^ 4,420 5,430 6,030 5,920 06,400 8,610 8,880 9,860 12,390 12,320 14,020 ol5,770 17,230 19,210 11,360 10,410 10,650 20,040 022,110 20,360 20,240 13,150 14,110 13,820 13,380 14,050 014,050 15,030 14, 120 13,240 13,180 13,170 13,070 013,340 13,210 12,310 12,400 12,390 12,010 6,770 08,380 9,030 7,840 7,940 7,950 9,740 10,180 011,330 11,740 11,190 11,200 20,220 19,360 18,030 17,240 016,280 15,030 14,000 9,240 6,130 5,280 3,410 02,740 2,790 2,930 3,130 3,320 4,130 3,830 04,650 4,750 3,250 2,260 2,010 1,520 1,780 ol,890 3,440 2,690 2,980 2,570 3,050 11,180 11,180 11,190 011,070 11,420 12,600 12,580 15,030 13,380 12,960 014,840 12,140 12,150 10,470 16,920 6,350 6,220 o9,590 9,050 7,680 5,880 8,820 8,920 8,800 06,220 5,940 8,260 3,090 3,120 3,110 3,110 2,580 o2,680 2,760 2,440 2,550 2,430 2,550 2,680 o2, 540 2,770 2,770 2,480 2,780 2,960 3,200 o3,370 3,370 2,350 2,240 2,450 2,390 2,360 o2,570 2,400 2,800 2,710 2,560 2,280 2,760 o2,860 o4, 130 2,890 5,430 6,300 11,600 11,600 12,440 017,240 20,040 19,370 20,590 20,230 17,510 15,590 011,860 11,600 10,870 10,980 7,710 9,560 3,210 03,930 3,930 3,570 3,290 3,290 3,270 3,900 o2,970 2,870 2,580 2,490 2,680 3,310 1,540 1,930 02,420 2,710 2,390 2,600 2,450 2,630 3,450 o2,830 6,790 3,820 4,010 3,520 7,600 8,140 o3,850 6,880 3,310 2,270 2,380 2,120 2,860 c2,260 6,250 6,250 3,240 3,040 2,820 2,580 460 330 ol,420 2,560 2,570 2,570 2,560 2,560 2,560 02,380 2,550 2,570 2,550 2,560 2,500 2,540 o2,290 2,550 2,550 2,550 2,560 2,550 2,530 02,370 2,560 2,800 2,590 2,700 1,800 1,980 1,690 12,830 1,760 2,000 1,910 2,860 3,960 3,930 f6,500 6,440 2,030 1,940 2,060 2,200 1,980 o2,910 2,160 2,040 2,040 1,990 1,970 1,980 o2,020 4,880 2,700 1,910 1,950 1,790 1,910 2,520 2,520 a, 570 2,540 2,440 2,540 2,560 2,510 2,980 02,820 2,250 2,450 2,430 2,410 2,500 2,430 o2,010 2,220 2,260 4,380 4,330 4,310 3,870 ol,890 2,480 2,280 2,460 2,410 2,330 2,450 ol,930 o2,310 3,600 3,280 2,130 1,940 1,930 1,810 03,750 3,110 1,940 1,880 1,970 1,940 1.820 o3,860 3,880 1,950 3,010 3,980 3,360 3,150 o4,470 4,050 1,930 1,910 1,920 1,960 1,830 ol,360 1,960 2,300 2,640 2,160 2,540 2,190 2,150 ol,790 2,420 2,180 2,420 2,380 2,170 2,070 ol,780 2,100 2,110 2,520 2,110 2,070 2,060 ol,910 2,120 2,080 2,120 2,130 2,140 2,110 ol,870 2,090 2,480 2,000 1,960 1,960 1,950 1,540 ol,740 1,990 1,940 1,960 1,950 1,600 1,240 O980 1,530 1,320 1,250 1,130 1,470 1,650 ol,420 1,020 990 1,120 790 1,060 1,010 0610 840 730 750 780 2,140 2,030 2,070 2,090 o2,330 2,540 2,410 2,200 2,250 2,290 2,140 ol,940 2,110 2,450 2,150 2,770 2,420 2,640 o2,330 2,460 2,180 760 690 O570 710 760 700 510 490 330 ol,090 1,020 760 630 1,230 760 750 o380 790 720 440 450 450 360 O390 400 450 450 810 2,240 o2,090 4,800 2,410 2,410 2,530 2,580 2,220 o2,220 2,510 2,470 2,480 2,090 2,520 2,440 o2, 540 2,650 2,570 2,500 2,540 2,410 2,390 ol,350 150 2,570 2,590 2,160 2,520 ol,440 a Sunday. 36 WATER RESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinochet, 1901-1909— Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1903.a 1.... 1,740 61,210 6 890 24,250 10,340 1,680 2,670 2,330 2,500 1,380 6 50 50 2.... 1,750 1,140 1,130 24,250 11,060 2,290 2,540 6 5,800 3,060 1,410 510 50 3.... 1,740 2,280 2,040 22,050 610,610 2,160 2,440 1,410 3,340 1,350 510 50 4 6 740 2,310 1,810 20,930 11,670 2,510 1,570 2,520 2,430 6 830 520 50 5.... 1,240 2,020 1,960 620,470 12,290 2,440 61,020 2,550 2,480 1,190 510 50 6.... 1,780 2,120 2,160 19,630 10,330 2,370 1,910 2,520 61,500 400 520 650 7.... 1,720 2,220 2,130 21,710 9,790 6 1,230 2,380 2,350 410 990 580 50 8.... 1,690 61,460 a 750 17,850 9,290 1,220 2,160 2,460 1,120 990 6 240 230 a.... 1,770 1,130 1,210 12,590 10,490 2,350 3,190 6 6,550 2,330 980 530 550 10.... 1,820 2,140 1,790 10,960 610,650 2,350 3,260 1,340 2,390 990 510 650 11.... 6 810 2,220 1,690 9,730 9,860 2,420 2,490 6,750 2,450 6 400 550 840 12.... 1,190 2,240 1,680 610,130 10,360 2,460 6 2,210 2,560 2,260 970 540 570 13.... 1,990 2,200 1,900 9,120 9,390 2,510 1,360 2,550 6 1,970 960 680 6 360 14.... 1,690 2,210 4,400 9,760 6,930 6 1,280 3,340 5,050 1,790 950 550 540 15.... 1,660 61,070 61,830 9,800 5,940 1,610 2,450 5,430 2,460 860 6 50 560 16.... 1,720 1,100 1,440 9,680 5,940 2,450 2,540 6 4,430 1,840 900 580 750 17.... 1,720 2,160 2,780 9,760 6 8,310 2,410 2,480 4,800 2,310 750 960 670 18.... 6 790 2,180 2,210 9,700 4,970 2,520 2,540 6,100 2,120 6 460 570 530 19.... 1,050 2,080 2,490 6 9,470 5,370 2,550 6 2,290 5,500 2,200 720 750 570 20.-.. 2,050 2,120 2,890 9,600 2,430 2,560 2,360 5,910 6 1,410 730 730 6 550 21.... 2,070 2,190 2,960 10,920 2,430 6 1,900 1,400 3,780 1,240 740 570 560 22. . . . 1,980 61,000 6 5,680 10,900 2,280 750 2,500 2,240 2,430 730 6 50 890 23.... 1,720 1,190 4,460 10,870 2,410 2,610 2,550 6 1,300 2,090 630 50 960 24.... 1,640 2,140 6,150 10,820 6 1,670 2,5^0 2,550 1,830 1,790 640 50 510 25. . . . 6 460 1,900 10,390 10,520 1,520 2,470 2,500 2,470 1,750 6 230 50 50 26.... 1,220 1,940 14,960 6 9,100 2,410 2,530 6 5,170 2,650 1,780 630 50 50 27.... 2,220 1,850 17,030 12,340 2,360 2,420 2,000 2,720 6 690 600 60 6 400 28.... 2,160 2,170 17,810 10,780 2,470 6 1,220 2,460 2,610 760 570 180 430 29.... 2,330 619,580 11,030 2,390 1,290 2,580 2,380 1,160 490 650 600 30.... 2,330 19,790 10,340 2,480 2,400 2,410 6 1,720 1,390 510 50 570 31.... 1,610 20,960 6 1,610 1,990 660 520 560 1904. 1.... 237 413 403 315 6(2,036) 4,705 4,088 2,366 2,027 3,005 2,255 (2,136) 2.... 141 360 407 284 2,266 4,566 4,894 4.977 2,389 (2,596) 2,261 2,261 3.... 6159 410 416 6 560 2,294 4,247 6 4,490 4,988 2,020 2,186 2,251 2,292 4.... 417 401 389 338 2,150 4,151 4,520 4,982 6 2,653 (2,242) 2,326 6 2,204 5.... 405 409 414 221 2,297 6 4,844 4,247 4,958 2,420 2,298 2,336 2,285 6.... 421 403 6109 582 2,332 4,746 4,309 2,424 2,014 2,026 6 2,298 2,250 7....- 436 6 200 368 1,013 2,326 5,345 4,330 6 2,077 2,018 2,313 2,271 2,002 8.... 392 436 404 681 6 2,116 4,900 2,^48 2,308 2,026 2,363 2,347 2,359 9.... 398 415 392 702 (2, 176) 4,353 6 4,535 4,913 1,996 6 2,350 2,367 2.366 10.... 6 385 448 397 6 436 2,235 4,353 2,031 4,936 2,024 2,437 2,331 (2,338) 11.... 430 423 391 639 2,306 4,209 3,386 4,936 6 2,390 2,077 2,318 6(2,310) 12.... 393 438 492 1,019 2,332 6 4,197 3,076 4,939 2,331 2,062 2,355 (2,283) 13.... 345 430 6 467 995 2,315 4,730 3,068 4,924 2,041 2,341 6 2,394 (2, 256) 14.... 244 6198 737 1,087 2,384 3,848 2,219 ^4,659 2,400 2,048 2,310 (2,228) (2,200) 15. - . . 362 411 724 973 6 5,100 3,193 2,010 4,789 2,019 2,005 (2,307) 16.... 438 433 828 859 5,010 2,433 2,007 4,937 2,023 6 2,311 (2,305) 2,000 17.... 6 216 434 799 61,095 10,255 2,415 6 3,093 4,959 (2,092) 2,015 (2,302) 2,250 18.. . 376 434 421 1,056 11,314 2,417 2,031 4,921 6 2,162 2,026 (2,300) 6 2,005 19.... 332 433 793 1,094 11,682 6 2,277 2,392 2,347 2,339 2,423 (2,297) 2,010 20. . . . 205 403 6 488 1,112 11,673 2,418 2,906 2,014 2,025 2,042 (2,295) (2,009) 21.... 428 6188 788 1,108 10,671 2,434 4,097 6 2,027 2,018 2,059 2,293 (2,008) (2,005) 22.... 414 200 814 1,473 6 7,043 2,454 2,420 2,178 2,327 2,049 2,291 23.... 297 200 462 1,457 7,324 2,433 2,037 2,008 (2,289) 6 2,015 2.289 (2,004) 24. . . . 6149 275 470 6 1,072 9,276 2,424 6 3,658 2,378 (2,250) 2,310 2,255 2.003 25. . . . 450 426 453 1,473 8,645 3,125 2,005 2,017 6 2,212 2,403 (2, .355) 6 2,000 26.... 416 415 818 1,463 5,266 6 5,028 2,019 2,002 2,005 2,055 (2,455) 22,549 27. . . . 431 404 6 615 1,469 4,737 4,757 3,663 2,000 2,002 2,067 6 2,555 2,003 28. . . . 214 6189 623 1,807 3,710 4,171 (3,676) 6 2,312 2,023 2,077 2,302 2,012 29.... 238 368 408 1,802 6 3,831 3,106 (3,690) 2,022 2,003 2,027 2,003 C2,150) JO.... 249 444 1,805 5,142 2,488 3,703 2,035 2,010 (2,103) 2,010 2,287 n.... 6 150 420 5,448 6 2,005 2,119 (2,179) 2,002 a Mill shut down Nov. 1, 5, and 22 to Dec. 6 Sunday. Note.— Values in parentheses interpolated. 5, inclusive, and Dec. 25 and 26, 1903. STREAM FLOW. 37 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinochet, 1901-1909— Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1905. 1.... a2,235 2,122 2,577 1,299 2,504 8,906 2,063 4,712 2,395 o2,235 428 452 2...- 2,396 2,132 2,108 o 1,018 2,548 7,372 3,922 4,817 2,392 2,510 453 451 3.... 2,143 2,137 2,119 1,278 2,521 2,553 2,627 4,971 2,300 2,505 437 0332 4 2,125 1,970 2,181 1,287 2,519 o2,448 2,300 4,981 2,207 2,420 437 452 5...- 2,145 02,355 o2,266 1,282 2,532 2,088 2,738 4,607 2,200 1,993 348 453 6.... 2,161 2,142 2,190 1,685 2,536 2,109 2,677 04, 077 2,352 2,080 439 448 7-.-. 2,163 2,150 2,129 2,106 02, 329 2,094 2,046 4,294 2,356 2,088 437 457 8.-.. a2,186 2,151 2,020 2,119 2,523 ■2,110 2,044 4,766 2,381 1,965 438 456 9.... 2,165 2,151 1,965 o2,152 2,529 2,105 02, 054 5,297 2,086 2,081 444 445 10.... 2,174 2,063 1,972 2,138 2,524 2,093 2,058 4,393 02, 063 2,091 440 0315 11.... 2,595 2,524 1,987 2,426 2,527 02, 463 3,599 2,232 2,068 2,095 456 435 12.... 2,155 a2,465 o 1,883 2,544 6,185 2,416 2,063 2,028 2,075 2,090 0359 408 13.... 2,145 2,158 1,968 2,545 6,658 2,094 2,066 02,111 2,072 2,098 470 440 14.... 2,140 2,169 1,960 2,540 05, 646 2,524 2,061 2,234 2,068 2,090 465 444 15.... o2,254 2,160 1,198 2,542 7,187 2,111 2,061 2,074 2,070 1,970 455 436 16.... 2,318 2,174 2,201 o2,625 7,186 2,104 o2,855 2,358 2,072 2,070 462 427 17.... 2,113 2,157 2,039 2,575 7,107 2,085 2,322 3,285 1,944 1,661 424 O303 18.... 2,165 2,032 1,728 2,528 7,660 02, 367 2,045 3,159 2,415 1,656 450 425 19.... 2,165 a2,232 o 1,125 2,535 8,492 2,092 2,035 3,170 2,420 1,663 0343 431 20.... 2,191 2,143 1,368 2,516 8,378 2,088 2,015 02,595 2,090 1,411 470 432 21.... 2,169 2,163 1,266 2,526 08, 844 2,058 2,058 2,253 2,500 716 453 432 22. . . . a2,463 2,169 1,279 2,482 8,181 2,066 2,048 2,051 2,488 0358 464 428 23.... 2,475 2,164 1,264 o2,376 7,619 2,078 02,343 2,064 2,495 430 456 425 24. . . . 2,169 2,192 1,290 2,460 7,800 2,477 2,348 2,048 02, 505 421 443 0I73 25.... 2,141 2,163 1,787 2,530 8,006 02,477 2,084 2,037 2,510 422 445 140 26.... 2,137 02,273 o 1,038 2,521 9,078 2,070 2,068 2,050 2,508 429 364 428 27.... 2,545 2,191 1,305 2,516 8,862 3,570 2,053 02, 042 2,522 430 424 438 28.... 2,066 2,164 1,296 2,509 09,435 1,973 2,038 2,180 2,520 441 356 444 29.... rt2,165 1,308 2,527 9,330 2,476 2,057 2,034 2,522 0355 448 444 30.... 2,425 1,280 o2,429 9,171 2,491 03, 283 2,036 2,510 435 441 449 31.... 2,133 1,299 9,059 4,184 2,227 438 0444 1906. 1.... 342 992 656 o548 2,541 5,071 07, 619 5,830 2,042 2,054 2,075 2,041 2.... 363 833 643 634 2,511 5,051 7,708 6,329 0(2,020) 2,041 2,071 0(2,044) 3.... 351 943 674 636 2,511 04, 836 2,431 4,015 1,999 2,043 2,059 0(2,048) 4.... 364 o480 571 636 2,511 4,579 3,554 3,641 0(1,996) 2,039 0(2,034) 2,051 5.... 349 998 791 616 2,508 4,236 4,062 03, 699 1,994 2,042 2,009 2,044 6.... 368 918 782 637 o(2,495) 6,047 2,752 3,983 1,983 2,028 2,055 2,043 7.... ol95 843 784 628 2,482 2,944 2,531 4,015 1,984 0(2,006) 1,983 2,025 2,027 8.... 349 607 821 556 2,493 2,911 05,155 4,104 2,035 2,082 2,044 9.... 343 686 785 644 2,493 3,328 4,882 4,614 0(2,037) 2,043 2,083 1,988 10.... 355 835 776 624 2,702 05,973 2,534 4,540 2,039 2,034 2,078 2,044 11.... 360 o554 549 641 2,516 6,155 2,521 4,270 2,036 2,031 0(2,068) 1,993 12.... 358 800 789 636 2,671 6,028 3,927 04,027 2,034 0(2,036) 2,057 2,019 13.... 355 802 792 640 04, 138 4,797 5,402 4,062 2,039 2,042 2,075 2,030 14.... o259 763 704 637 5,422 2,753 4,588 3,334 2,055 0(2,040) 2,074 2,025 15.... 374 634 551 O520 9,400 3,510 o2,893 2,575 2,032 2,038 2,075 2,022 16.... 373 645 795 1,122 15,769 6,551 2,479 2,575 o2,030 2,040 2,074 a(2,027) 17.... 374 791 618 1,061 17,972 03,667 2,504 2,575 2,041 2,030 2,062 2,032 18.... 363 0516 o634 1,030 18,635 3,737 2,502 2,575 2,039 2,045 0(2,056) 2,032 19.... 357 811 802 1,198 18,110 4,781 2,492 02, 618 2,035 2,042 2,050 2,030 20.... 363 640 801 1,202 ol5,819 4,573 2,494 2,575 2,044 .2,034 2,054 2,033 21.... a 230 657 651 1,249 11,154 6,230 2,492 2,575 2,024 0(2,034) 2,063 2,047 22.... 343 818 646 ol,055 4,068 6,694 03,322 2,575 2,032 2,033 2,056 2,004 23.... 347 647 654 2,036 6,815 5,313 2,502 2,299 0(2,030) 2,037 2,055 o2,024 24. . . . 350 825 653 2,044 11,800 03,495 2,421 2,030 2,029 2,032 2,056 2,030 25.... 352 483 557 2,372 9,376 6,062 2,493 2,043 2,031 2,038 0(2,052) 2,035 26. . . . 360 795 652 2,494 6,655 6,380 2,513 o2,039 2,052 2,039 (2,049) 2,040 27.... 356 790 636 2,490 05,505 6,314 2,690 2,035 2,040 2,045 (2,046) 2,045 28.... a 256 786 637 2.502 5,885 4,250 4,188 2,037 2,045 o2,055 2,043 2,051 29.... 726 635 0(2; 499) 5,379 5,428 03, 692 2,030 2,025 2,065 2,039 2,063 30.... 1,075 643 2,495 6,319 2,887 5,556 2,031 0(2,040) 2,032 2,031 o2,055 31.... 1,195 635 5,098 5,578 2,028 2,032 2,057 Note.— Values in parentheses interpolated. a Sunday. 38 WATER RESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinochet, 1901-1909— Qont\miQ&. Day. 1907. 1908. Jan. 2,067 2,064 2,068 2,068 2,066 {ah) 2,075 2,066 2,070 2,067 2,055 2,049 {ah) 2,002 2,000 2,000 (^) (^) 2,052 {ah) 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,002 {ah) 2,018 2,023 2,029 2,019 3,570 3,545 3,400 3,435 a2,482 3.144 3,160 3,455 3,367 3,474 3,427 a2, 878 3,231 3,449 3,519 3,524 3,487 3,408 a2, 772 2,437 3,072 3,117 3,147 3,094 3,034 «1,160 2,395 3,039 3,112 3,126 3,120 Feb. 2,018 2,033 {ah) 2,000 2,000 2,008 2,005 2,014 2,006 {ah) 2,007 2,000 2,007 1,741 1,235 1,252 al,008 1,241 1,241 1,231 1,244 1,252 1,255 a 753 819 825 3,115 al,650 2,341 3,030 3,104 3,093 3,119 al,660 2,346 3,052 3,042 3,081 2,945 2,949 a2,505 2,722 2,937 2,934 2,961 3,101 3,146 ''2, 635 2,852 3,098 3,102 3,103 3,117 3,195 Mar. 849 812 o475 804 807 488 328 328 326 a 202 337 324 328 333 320 333 200 337 277 314 325 321 316 a 193 317 323 318 320 319 317 al97 a 2, 803 3,049 2,925 2,244 2,517 3,164 3,157 2,685 2,899 3,111 3,169 3,160 3,135 3,126 a 2, 686 2,965 3,129 3,096 3,167 3,184 3,060 a 2, 851 2,954 3,135 3,096 3,106 3,151 3,147 a 2, 683 2,938 3,125 Apr. 324 451 657 644 1,028 1,228 682 1,124 1,241 960 824 1,096 1,258 a 747 1,497 1,674 1,668 1,659 1,656 1,661 o832 1,847 2,420 2,518 2,523 2,450 2,435 {ah) 2,340 2,331 3,130 3,105 2,997 2,753 a 2, 556 3,212 3,692 3,778 3,689 3,497 3,421 a 3, 158 3,470 3,551 3,363 2,649 2,595 2,550 a 2, 190 2,577 2,686 2,869 2,581 2,421 2,443 2,201 2,712 2,821 2,621 2,619 May. 2,507 2,519 2,523 2,740 o3,486 4,470 4,718 4,713 5,110 4,378 04,459 4,184 4,819 5,563 7,727 6,840 7,778 07,732 7,355 7,801 7,376 7,528 7,943 ol2,208 14, 255 12, 952 13,163 13, 671 15,205 2,680 2,550 02, 376 2,431 2,923 3,049 2,545 2,575 2,593 ol0,835 14,928 17,370 17,393 17,396 17,587 18,705 018,350 16,831 16,253 16,299 14,757 13,501 13,002 0I2, 794 8,840 6,472 8,516 8,434 7,476 7,272 08,223 June. 13,220 olO, 573 8,443 7,787 7,616 9,916 8,567 7,763 07,393 7,986 6,077 5,705 5,699 5,915 6,131 05,907 6,280 6,173 6,273 6,374 4,704 5,607 02,743 3,205 6,815 6,955 6,943 7,307 06, 824 10,533 12,498 12,864 12,326 10,329 9,626 09,237 8,926 9,193 9,326 9,481 9,462 8,724 07,030 6,890 4,061 4,640 4,510 4,490 4,505 04,331 3,600 4,841 4,449 2,885 3,170 3,123 a 3, 482 5,228 4,498 July. 6,923 7,076 7,323 6,102 6,146 6,964 06, 425 6,264 6,852 6,210 4,868 2,853 4,260 06, 408 6,401 7,225 6,895 6,756 5,674 4,559 04,936 4,521 4,458 4,406 4,607 3,939 2,575 a2, 210 2,433 2,575 2,575 4,015 2,945 2,870 3,350 03, 387 3,781 3,475 2,935 3,950 5,005 3,917 03,605 3,430 3,994 3,975 4,065 4,767 4,721 05, 060 4,334 4,651 3,120 3,072 2,485 2,610 o2,632 2,955 4,078 4,370 4,873 5,100 Aug. 2,900 3,825 3,555 (a 6) 4,300 5,696 5,476 5,143 5,031 4,618 04,119 3,914 3,465 3,060 3,015 3,191 3,750 03,755 3,389 3,138 3,225 3,205 2,855 2,800 02, 107 3,233 2,610 2,620 2,110 2,110 2,160 5,172 05,070 2,489 2,117 2,179 2,325 2,619 2,305 02,250 1,857 2,095 2,140 2,387 2,085 2,193 o2, 425 2,370 2,312 2,362 2,365 2,425 2,430 02,490 2,310 2,568 2,508 2,535 2,678 2,232 02, 145 1,753 Sept. o2,014 2,008 2,243 2,197 2,198 2,182 2,181 02, 000 2,114 2,192 2,186 2,180 2,157 2,182 02,027 2,043 2,165 2,170 2,165 2,164 2,165 o2, 000 2,082 2,170 2,175 2,259 2,222 2,173 02,000 2,105 2,150 2,175 2,155 2,178 2,175 a2, 165 1,991 2,067 2,205 2,200 2,025 2,143 02,077 2,102 2,048 2,081 1,623 1,590 1,659 ol,940 1,930 1,945 1,945 2,015 1,935 1,975 ol,925 1,945 1,755 1,912 Oct. 2,160 2,149 2,154 2,154 2,164 02,001 2,011 2,185 2,173 2,179 2,190 2,185 {ah) 2,000 2,155 2,165 2,164 2,171 2,175 03,061 7,726 8,113 4,755 2,172 2,162 2,174 {ah) 2,218 2,537 2,447 Nov. 2,179 2,171 {ah) 3,088 2,880 3,370 2,917 3,682 6,641 07,318 7,787 8,671 8,454 8,434 8,508 8,518 08,373 9,006 9,066 9,057 9,057 9,030 8,796 08, 886 9,201 &8,976 9,018 9,000 8,415 8,068 o Sunday. Note.— Owing to Incompleteness computed. h Records incomplete, of records on missing days during 1907-8 the discharge could not be STEEAM FLOW. 39 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinochet, 1901-1909— QontimiQd . Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 2,005 447 1,150 1,455 6,445 6,740 3,310^ 03, 925 2,270 2,270 2,000 1,957 568 1,453 1,460 a 6, 400 6,760 3,340 2,720 2,265 2,270 2,265 o2,011 563 1,453 1,458 5,350 6,780 3,925 3,570 2,240 02, 280 2,280 1,527 563 1,449 a 1,458 3,060 6,770 03, 190 3,210 2,320 2,120 2,280 1,920 564 1,420 1,130 2,700 6,760 2,000 2,875 02, 285 2,275 2,275 1,875 569 1,440 1,455 2,700 6,730 2,235 2,375 1,755 2,240 2,270 1,938 a545 "1,440 1,462 2,720 6,005 3,159 2,450 1,862 2,218 02,275 1,955 486 1,177 1,840 2,730 5,895 3,259 02,120 2,248 2,228 1,950 1,960 543 1,460 1,861 a 3, 254 5,890 3,049 1,540 2,270 2,220 2,280 ol,910 537 1,298 1,861 2,970 5,850 2,701 2,130 2,460 02,220 2,275 1,775 489 1,430 a 1,875 3,338 5,060 03,223 1,920 2,685 2,090 2,230 1,910 533 1,430 1,393 3,590 4,355 2,600 2,100 o2,570 2,220 2,280 1,980 510 1,460 1,860 3,740 o3,235 3,350 2,670 1,550 2,220 2,220 1,867 a 540 a 1,460 1,857 3,870 3,465 3,380 2,315 2,455 2,220 02, 270 1,700 415 1,137 2,120 5,305 3,598 3,140 02, 625 2,750 2,230 2,020 1,802 813 1,380 2,270 013,430 3,695 3,166 1,735 2,340 2,275 2,270 ol,730 987 975 2,275 16,230 3,506 3,105 2,240 2,305 02, 340 2,265 1,412 1,009 1,466 a 2, 630 18,070 4,275 02, 788 2,110 2,365 2,250 2,270 1,568 1,011 1,463 1,917 19,075 6,115 3,145 2,180 02, 480 2,275 2,270 1,485 990 1,460 2,660 20,200 03,757 3,000 2,210 2,120 2,275 2,270 1,020 O890 a 1,485 2,660 21,000 3,560 3,240 2,213 2,445 2,275 02,270 687 1,040 1,167 2,640 19,432 3,830 3,200 02,220 2,260 2,255 1,985 635 1,360 1,497 2,600 ol6,775 3,600 3,130 1,870 2,245 2,270 2,270 a 545 1,358 1,485 2,640 15,840 3,510 3,345 2,065 2,240 02,275 2,200 447 1,302 1,460 a 2, 645 14,585 3,440 04,050 2,200 2,245 2,395 2,190 576 1,400 1,198 1,920 12,705 3,150 4,334 2,175 02,155 2,275 2,280 556 1,365 1,203 3,665 11,095 03, 260 5,280 2,150 2,015 2,260 2,240 531 al,375 o 1,500 5,515 10, 450 3,015 4,288 2,190 2,278 2,275 o2, 245 564 892 6,130 8,355 2,990 3,500 02, 230 2,265 2,275 1,960 572 1,450 6,380 7,090 3,400 3,460 1,300 2,255 2,260 2,275 570 1,455 7,045 3,635 2,195 02,245 Dec. 1909. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 , 25 26 27 29 29 30 31 2,290 2,295 2,280 2,230 02,280 2,090 2,260 2,210 2,250 2,275 2,230 o2,090 2,075 2,255 2,255 2,270 2,260 2,265 02,275 2,090 2,250 2,245 2,210 2,280 1,740 ol,570 2,060 2,245 2,215 2,230 2,230 o Sunday. Monthly discharge of West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinochet, 1901-1909. [Drainage area, 1,880 square miles.] Month. 1901 January 11-31 February March April May June July August September October November December The year Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. 2,060 2,360 2,030 22,100 20,200 3,370 8,140 6,500 4,470 2,000 1,230 2,000 22, 100 Minimum . 960 1,050 1,160 1,370 1,520 2,240 1,540 1,690 1,360 610 330 410 330 Mean. ,430 ,630 ,620 ,450 ,580 ,650 2, 3,600 2,580 2,600 1,360 656 1,160 2,940 Per square mile. 0.761 .867 .862 5.03 3.50 1.41 1.91 37 38 723 349 617 1.56 Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). 0.59 .90 .99 5.61 4.04 1.57 2.20 1.58 1.54 .83 .71 20.95 40 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Monthly discharge of West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket, 1901-1909 — Con. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). 1902. January February March April May June Jiily August September October November December The year 1903. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 1904. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 1905. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 3,270 3,440 9,970 15,000 16,900 20, 600 3,040 4,380 2,640 2,770 4,860 5,390 20,600 2,330 2,310 21,000 24,200 12,300 .2,610 5,170 6,750 3,340 1,410 960 960 24,200 450 448 828 1,810 11,700 5,340 4,890 4,990 2,650 3,000 2,560 2,550 11,700 2,600 2,520 2,580 2,620 9,440 8,910 4,180 5,300 2,520 2,510 470 457 1,740 1,870 2,100 6,770 3,090 2,870 330 1,570 1,780 1,940 1,350 570 2,130 2,270 5,380 11,800 9,460 9,390 2,400 2,620 2,170 2,290 2,450 2,600 1.13 1.21 2.86 6.28 5.03 4.99 1.28 1.39 1.15 1.22 1.30 1.41 330 4,580 460 1,000 750 9,100 1,520 750 1,020 660 410 230 50 50 50 141 188. 109 221 2,040 2,280 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 109 2,070 1,970 1,040 1,020 2,230 1,970 2,020 2,030 1,940 355 343 140 1,630 1,860 5,770 13,300 6,450 2,120 2,430 3,330 1,920 790 387 429 3,370 328 365 527 1,000 5,090 3,690 3,200 3,400 2,150 2,210 2,300 2,160 2,200 2,230 2,180 1,720 2,220 6,050 2,660 2,400 3,070 2,300 1,470 432 409 2.44 .867 .989 3.07 7.07 3.43 1.13 1.29 1.77 1.02 .420 .206 1.79 .174 .194 .280 .532 2.71 1.96 1.70 1.81 1.14 1.18 1.22 1.15 1.17 1.19 1.16 .915 1.18 3.22 1.41 1.28 1.63 1.22 .782 .230 .218 ,440 140 1.20 STKEAM FLOW. 41 Monthly discharge of West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinochet, 1901-1909 — Con. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). 1906. January... February. . March April May June July August September. October... November. December. The year. January (25 days) . . February (26 days) . . March April (29 days) May June July August (30 days) September October (28 days) . . . November (29 days) . December 1907.O The year. January... February.. March April May June July August September. October... November. December. The year . January . . . February . . March April May June July August September. October... November. December. The year. 1,200 998 821 2,500 18,600 6,690 7,710 6,330 2,060 2,060 2,080 2,060 18,600 2,080 2,030 849 2,520 15, 200 13,200 7,320 5,700 2,260 8,110 9,200 7,940 15,200 3,570 3,200 3,180 3,780 18,700 12,900 5,100 5,170 2,200 18,700 2,010 1,400 1,500 6,380 21,000 6,780 5,280 3,920 2,750 2,395 2,280 2,300 21,000 195 480 549 520 2,480 2,750 2,420 2,030 1,980 1,980 2,010 1,990 403 746 688 1,200 6,900 4,820 3,630 3,220 2,030 2,040 2,060 2,030 0.214 .397 .366 .638 3.67 2.56 1.93 1.71 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.08 195 2,480 1.32 2,000 753 193 324 2,510 2,740 2,210 2,110 2,000 2,000 2,170 2,490 2,030 1,510 380 1,440 7,060 6,930 5,210 3,480 2,140 2,710 7,190 4,510 1.08 .803 .202 .766 3.76 3.69 2.77 1.85 1.14 1.44 3.83 2.40 193 3.720 1,600 1,850 2,240 2,190 2,380 2,880 2,480 1,750 1,590 3,130 2,860 2,990 2,930 10,200 6,910 3,790 2,490 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1.66 1.52 1.59 1.56 5.43 3.68 2.02 1.32 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06 3,610 1.92 447 415 892 1,130 2,700 2,990 2,000 1,300 1,550 2,090 1,950 1,570 415 1,390 813 1,360 2,440 9,340 4,630 3,310 2,320 2,270 2,250 2,210 2,190 .739 .432 .723 1.30 4.97 2.46 1.76 1.23 1.21 1.20 1.18 1.16 2,880 1.53 a For purposes of comparison with other stations, the annual discharge for 1907 has been computed on the assumption that no difference exists between the mean discharge for partial months as given above and the true mean discharge for the same months with full number of days. The mean discharge for the partial months as given above is in most cases in excess of the actual dis- charge for the fuU month, owing to storage of water during the days when the records were incomplete. The annual discharge is probably about 1 or 2 per cent in excess from this cause. b Owing to inaccurate records the discharge is only approximate during October, November, and Decem- ber, 1908. Note'. — Discharges for missing have been interpolated. 42 WATEK RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. PENOBSCOT RIVER AT WEST ENFIELD. This station was established November 5, 1901, and prior to 1904 was designated as being at Montague, Me. In 1904 the name of the village was changed to West Enfield. It is located at the steel highway bridge about 1,000 feet below the mouth of Piscataquis River. (See PL VI.) There is a dam on Piscataquis River near its entrance into the Penobscot, and about a mile above the station is the dam of the International Paper Co., on the main river. During low water gage heights show considerable daily fluctuations, owing to the variations in gate openings at the mills above. The datum of the gage has remained the same during the main- tenance of the station. It is 125.38 feet above sea level, as determined by the Penobscot River survey of 1904. During the winter months the discharge is affected by ice. Conditions for obtaining accurate discharge data are good and a fairly good rating curve has been developed. Discharge measurements of Penobscot River at West Enfield, 1901-1909. Date. 1901. Nov.5 1902. Mar.28 Apr. 8 July 15 Aug. 28 Sept. 15 Oct. 11 1903. May 14 May 25 June 11 Aug. 7 Oct. 15 Oct. 23 1904. Apr. 26 Mavis May 27 June 14 Oct. 17 Oct. 20 Oct. 25 Oct. 31 1905. Apr. 17 May 1 Sept. 29 Sept. 30 Oct. 3 Oct. 5 Oct. 18 Oct. 19 Oct. 24 Oct. 25 Gage height. Feet. 2.00 12.80 10.90 5.10 8.80 3.90 3.75 6.65 4.10 3.21 3.22 1.54 1.58 9.70 12.06 8.01 5.82 4.23 3.90 5.25 4.73 9.00 6.40 2.70 2.65 2.40 2.12 1.90 1.90 1.30 1.25 Discharge. Second-feet. 3,030 57,400 43,900 11,300 7,580 7.450 17,600 8,410 5,910 6,140 2,070 2,370 32,200 49,200 22, 100 13, 400 8,100 7,200 10,800 9,600 27,200 15,900 4,050 4,060 3,960 3,3«0 2,7^0 2,840 1,900 1,870 Date. 1906. Sept. 22ffl Sept. 26o Sept. 29a Oct.4a Oct.6a Oct. llai!> Oct. 13 c Oct. 24 Oct. 31c 1907. Sept. 25 c Sept. 28 Oct. 3 c Oct.5c Oct. lie Oct. 21 1908. Sept. 26 c Sept. 30o Oct.3o Oct, 7a Oct. 15a Oct.21c Nov.3 Nov.3 1909. May 25 Sept. 25 a Oct.lcd Oct. 2cd Oct. 7cd Oct. 9 c Oct. 28 c Gage height. Feet. 2.60 2.40 2.30 2.10 2.05 6.80 5.60 4.15 5.65 4.60 4.25 4.00 4.85 6.55 3.50 2.20 1.52 2.30 2.50 2.30 2.14 2.96 2.99 10.02 2.45 13.07 11.07 7.66 6.73 4.70 Discharge. Second-feet. 4,130 3,640 3,590 3,210 2,940 18,600 12,600 8,320 12,800 9,470 8,360 7,260 10,000 17,000 7,040 3,440 2,160 3,630 3,980 3,650 3,250 5,380 5,370 33,500 4,230 52,900 40,000 21,400 17,200 10,100 a Average of three measurements. b Gage height at beginning 6.5 feet; at end, 7.1 feet; poor measurement. c Average of two measurements. d Center of meter held 2.0 feet below surface and coefficient of 0.9 applied to obtain mean velocity. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 279 PLATE VI A. PENOBSCOT RIVER AT WEST ENFIEL.D GAGING STATION. B. PENOBSCOT RIVER AT WEST ENFIELD. Looking upstream from highway bridge February 8, 1906. STEEAM FLOW. 43 Daily gage height, in feet, of Penobscot River at West Enfield, 1901-1909. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1901. 1...- 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 1901. 11. 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.5 3.3 3.8 4.5 6.2 14.0 14.5 11.8 8.75 7.8 1901. 21. .. 2.0 2.0 2.35 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 7.1 2 12 22 6.45 3 13 23 . . . .... 6.0 4 14 24 5.85 5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.15 2.3 2.4 15 25 5.95 6 16 26 6.2 7.-.. 17 27. . 5.9 8 18 28 5.45 9 ..... 19 29 5.1 10 20 30 5.3 31 5.4 Note. — Discharge probably afiected by ice after December 20. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1902. 1903. 5.20 3.95 4.35 4.50 4.30 4.10 4.05 3.60 3.65 3.50 3.00 2,90 2.80 2.85 2.70 2.60 2.45 2.20 2.45 2.20 2.55 2.60 3.80 6.20 6.55 5.55 5.75 6.10 6.25 5.55 5.65 5.05 5.05 5.25 5.10 4.95 4.90 4.80 4.70 (a) 12.70 12.70 14.45 15.00 (&) 17.55 13.30 13.10 11.80 14.50 13.95 13.35 12.80 12.25 11.40 11.05 10.85 10.65 10.80 11.05 11.15 9.95 10.70 10.35 10.30 10.15 9.95 9.45 8.65 8.75 9.00 8.90 8.80 8.90 9.00 9.05 9.25 9.25 9.20 11.15 10.90 10.75 10.90 11.45 11.15 10.80 10.80 11.45 12.05 11.80 11.20 10.75 10.40 10.15 9.70 10.65 10.20 9.95 9.70 9.50 9 40 9.30 9.40 9.00 8.65 8.30 8.00 7.60 7.25 6.90 6.60 6.50 6.50 6.25 5.95 6.15 6.35 6.70 6.70 6.85 6.75 6.70 7.00 6.95 8.25 7.80 7.35 7.35 7.40 7.15 7.05 6.70 6.85 6.85 6.75 6.80 6.70 6.65 6.10 6.25 6.10 6.15 7.45 9.20 10.05 10.15 10.00 11.90 12.20 11.45 10.90 10.40 10.00 9.60 9.05 8.40 8.05 7.65 7.05 6.40 6.35 7.60 7.50 7.15 7.10 9.45 9.75 8.55 7.95 3.60 3.90 3.70 3.40 3.15 3.15 2.80 2.60 2.55 3.10 3.05 3.20 3.65 4.75 5.55 7.40 7 30 7.35 7.40 7.30 6.55 6.10 6.05 5.85 5.60 5.05 5.20 5.95 5.10 4.60 4.70 4.75 4.90 5.05 5.70 5.90 5.65 4.75 4.50 4.60 4.35 4.85 5.65 5.70 5.60 3.25 3.30 3.30 3.20 3.35 3.65 3.25 3.45 3.85 4.45 4.65 4.10 3.65 3.45 3.80 5.25 5.15 4.95 4.80 5.05 5.00 4.90 5.00 5.10 4.95 4.80 5.20 6.05 6.25 6.40 4.80 4.45 3.65 3.55 4.20 4.55 4.50 4.30 4.15 3.40 3.50 3.75 3.80 3.50 3.25 2.75 4.35 3.95 3.70 3.45 3.35 3.25 3.20 3.10 3.15 3.20 3.25 3.75 3.60 3.40 3.50 2.15 2.25 2.90 3.25 3.10 3.00 2.95 2.70 2.25 2.90 3.45 3.65 3.45 3.55 3.80 3.65 3.50 3.40 3.30 3.15 3.15 3.20 3.15 3.10 3.05 3.00 2.90 2.75 2.60 2.75 3.15 3.20 3.10 3.25 2.95 2.70 3.00 3.05 2.90 3.00 2.75 2.60 2.70 2.60 2.65 2.90 3.00 2.85 2.85 2.75 2.55 3.10 3.70 3.95 3.85 3.65 3.10 3.05 2.85 3.10 2.95 3.00 2.95 2.80 2.75 3.30 3.90 3.70 3.30 3.05 2.85 2.85 3.70 7.70 8.00 7.40 1.70 1.60 1.50 1.55 1.50 1.40 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.30 1.30 1.20 1.40 1.50 1.50 6.60 5.90 5.20 4.95 5.05 4.80 4.35 4.15 3.95 3.70 3.85 3.90 3.95 4.00 4.10 4.20 4.05 4.10 4.25 4.20 4.10 4.10 4.10 3.85 3.85 4.05 3.80 3.85 4.30 4.20 1.40 1.50 1.55 1.45 1.40 1.30 1.30 1.45 1.70 1.60 1.60 1.75 2.20 2.55 2.60 o Frozen Feb. 9 to Mar. 27, and Dec. 9 to 31, 1902. b River frozen Jan. 1 to Mar. 11, 1903. c Readings through ice Dec. 15 to 31, 44 WATER EESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily gage height, in feet, of Penobscot River at West Enfield, 1901-1909 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1903. 11.90 11.25 10.80 10.30 10.90 11.40 11.60 11.85 12.40 13.50 13.40 13.00 12.45 11.80 11.30 11.15 1904. 3.50 2.70 2.60 3.30 ,90 2.40 3.40 4.70 3.20 6.00 2.40 9.90 9.65 9.30 9.15 9.00 8.60 8.30 8.15 8.15 8.05 8.15 8.25 8.15 8.25 8.25 6.15 6.25 6.50 6.75 7.60 8.70 9.65 10.75 11.20 11.00 10.40 9.85 9.05 8.30 7.90 7.80 7.90 7.80 7.75 7.90 8.20 8.60 9.85 10.15 10.25 10.35 11.10 5.90 5.70 5.55 5.35 5.00 4.80 4.75 4.60 4.30 4.05 4.05 4.00 4.00 3.85 3.70 3.45 12.30 12.00 11.60 11.20 11.15 10.65 10.10 9.10 8.45 8.45 10.10 11.60 11.80 10.90 10.25 10.70 11.85 11.90 11.55 11.80 12.00 11.20 10.60 10.45 9.90 8.80 8.05 7.95 7.60 7.30 7.35 4.25 4.10 3.90 3.85 3.70 3.55 3.20 2.80 3.15 3.25 3.10 3.15 3.25 3.30 3.15 7.20 6.80 7.75 7.15 6.50 6.90 7.20 7.55 6.95 6.60 6.50 6.40 6.20 5.90 5.50 5.05 4.90 5.20 5.85 5.50 5.15 5.00 4.95 4.75 4.55 4.65 4.90 4.75 4.15 3.75 3.60 4.20 4.20 3.80 3.95 3.65 3.60 3.75 3.70 3.60 3.30 3.65 4.20 4.90 4.25 5.15 5.90 6.20 5.75 5.45 5.10 4.70 4.45 4.35 5.00 4.35 4.25 4.50 4.75 4.25 3.85 4.50 3.80 3.90 4.05 4.20 3.50 3.40 3.65 3.35 3.80 4.15 3.45 3.25 3.30 3.60 3.55 3.55 3.65 3.95 4.25 4.30 3.70 3.30 3.40 3.30 3.20 3.10 3.20 3.15 3.10 4.05 3.70 4.30 4.70 4.55 4.40 4.15 4.05 4.15 4.10 4.20 4.30 4.20 4.10 4.00 4.10 3.95 3.75 3.50 3.15 3.45 3.85 3.55 3.40 3.30 3.15 2.95 2.70 2.80 2.80 2.75 2.80 2.65 2.65 2.55 2.50 2.60 3.45 3.20 2.35 2.55 2.20 1.90 1.95 2.00 1.75 2.80 2.70 2.80 2.80 3.55 3.70. 3.65 3.35 3.20 3.20 3.10 3.00 3.05 2.75 3.05 4.35 4.80 4.50 4.15 4.25 4.10 4.20 4.10 4.15 4.75 5.30 5.10 4.65 4.85 5.45 1.50 1.60 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.65 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.80 1.70 1.60 1.50 1.50 1.40 7.05 6.90 6.30 5.65 5.30 5.05 4.75 4.65 4.55 4.35 4.20 4.15 4.10 4.20 4.20 4.15 4.15 4.10 4.05 4.00 3.90 4.55 5.80 5.65 5.25 5.05 5.45 5.65 5.45 5.10 4.70 2.60 2.50 2.45 2.25 2.10 2.00 1.90 1.80 1.80 1.70 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.70 1.80 4.65 4.45 4.45 4.30 4.20 4.10 4.15 4.50 4.40 4.30 4.20 4.10 4.05 4.05 3.95 3.70 3.60 3.50 3.60 3.55 3.55 3.90 3.85 3.85 3.80 3.70 3.65 3.40 3.30 3.20 3.30 3.10 3.20 3.15 3.40 3.45 3.50 3.50 3.45 3.70 3.85 4.25 4.25 4.15 4.30 4.30 Note.— Gage heights affected by ice Jan. 1 to Apr. 9 and Dec. 13 to 31. are to surface of water in hole cut in the ice. The following thicknesses of ice were measured: Feet. Jan. 4 1.0 Feb. 29 Jan. 11 1.1 Mar. 7 Jan. 18 1.15 Mar. 14 Jan. 25 1.15 Mar. 21 Feb. 1 1. 15 Mar. 28 Feb. 8 1. 25 Dec. 19 Feb. 15 1.35 Dec. 26 Feb. 22 1.5 During frozen season readings Feet. . 1.65 . 1.6 . 1.5 . 1.4 . 1.15 . .65 . .75 STEEAM FLOW. 45 Daily gage height, in feet, of Penobscot River at West Enfield, 1901-1909 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1905. 12.1 12.45 11.85 10.55 10.05 10.0 10.7 11.45 10.8 10.15 9.75 9.8 9.75 9.45 9.25 9.1 8.9 8.55 8.0 7.65 7.6 7.95 8.1 8.1 7.85 7.65 7.35 7.4 7.1 6.85 6.65 6.7 6.6 6.65 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.45 6.2 6.05 6.35 6.4 6.8 7.4 8.05 7.85 7.55 7.35 7.05 7.1 7.1 7.05 6.9 6.7 6.45 6.1 6.15 5.85 5.45 5.1 4.9 4.65 4.9 4.7 4.35 4.1 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.65 4.65 4.6 4.6 4.25 3.95 4.0 3.85 3.75 3.65 3.4 3.25 3.15 3.35 3.35 3.05 2.95 2.6 2.85 3.55 3.75 4.0 3.6 3.25 2.95 2.75 2.95 3.2 3.7 3.2 3.1 2.95 2.65 3.35 3.45 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.15 3.35 3.2 3.15 3.25 3.3 3.45 3.8 3.65 3.5 3.45 3.65 3.7 3.1 3.15 3.3 3.7 3.45 2.75 2.55 2.8 2.65 2.55 2.95 3.2 3.2 3.05 3.1 2.65 2.45 2.25 2.05 2.05 2.45 2.65 2.7 2.55 2.8 3.05 2.95 3.05 3.0 3.05 3.05 2.8 2.55 2.4 2.35 2.3 2.2 2.45 2.1 2.25 2.2 2.15 2.35 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.45 2.35 2.65 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.65 2.55 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.35 2.15 2.15 1.95 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.15 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.65 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.25 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.45 1.85 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.95 1.8 1.95 1.8 1.7 1.35 1.65 1.7 1.35 1.3 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.25 2.05 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.15 1.7 2.15 1.8 2.0 3.1 2 5.35 2.25 3 1.9 4 2.4 5 2.9 6 4.95 4.85 2.85 7 2.8 8 2.7 9 5.75 2.7 10 2.95 11 12 13 4.85 4.55 14 15. 16 5.65 17 18 19 20 4.75 4.28 4.35 4.5 4.45 4.6 4.75 5.35 5.75 6.35 7.5 8.8 10.65 21 22. 23 5.65 5.65 5.55 5.65 5.55 ■"5.' is" 24. 25 26 2.4 27.. 28 29.". 30 5.45 31. Note. — River was frozen Jan. 1-21, open Jan. 22-25, frozen Jan. 26 to Mar. 19, and open at the gage Mar. 20 to Apr. 10. The ice broke up at the bridge Mar. 31. Jam of ice below the gage Apr. 1-10. River clear of ice Apr. 11. River frozen Dee. 1-31, but open at the gage untU Dec. 11. During frozen periods gage heights are to the surface of the water in a hole cut in the ice. The following thicknesses of ice were measured: Foot. Jan. 2 0.8 Jan. 9 75 Jan. 16 6 Jan. 27 3 Jan. 30 5 Feb. 6 7 Foot. Feb. 13 0.75 Feb. 20 8 Feb. 27 7 Mar. 6 4 Mar. 13 3 Dec. 26 (gage height to top of ice 2.6 feet) 8 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1906. 1. 11.45 11.95 12.35 12.5 12.4 12.35 12.25 12.3 12.1 12.25 13.4 12.2 11.45 11.35 11.65 11.2 11.6 11.3 11.4 10.75 7.65 7.5 7.45 7.55 7.3 7.2 7.7 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.65 6.65 6.4 5.4 4.5 4.05 4.25 4.7 4.7 4.75 4.25 3.75 4.55 4.25 4.5 4.7 4.25 4.4 5.15 4.85 4.25 3.75 4.65 5.5 5.2 4.5 4.15 4.15 4.05 4.0 4.5 4.4 4.25 4.0 3.9 3.75 3.65 3.85 3.95 4.05 3.9 3.95 3.7 3.6 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.4 3.05 3.3 3.45 3.0 2.95 3.15 3.4 3.25 3.1 3.0 2.75 2.6 2.6 2.65 2.5 2.6 2.55 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.35 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.8 6.3 6.6 5.55 5.0 4.5 4.35 4.15 3.9 3.75 3.55 5.45 5.4 5.85 6.15 5.95 5.65 5.4 5.1 5.0 4.75 4.7 "4.7 4.8 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.25 5.25 5.25 5.5 4.2 2 2.3 4.35 3. 15.8 5.9 6.05 6.25 6.6 6.7 6.65 6.7 6.75 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.85 9.4 11.45 12.15 12.05 11.95 4.7 4 5.1 5 6.0 6. 4.9 3.9 6.0 7 6.0 8 5.9 9 2.2 5 9 10 5.9 11 5.7 12. 13 4.6 "'l[l' 14. 15....:::::::;::: 16 2.8 17.... 5.0 18. 19 4.1 20 46 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily gage height, in feet, of Penobscot River at West Enfield, 1901-1909 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jiine. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1906. 21 11.6 11.65 11.65 11.25 10.8 10.8 10.85 10.9 11.1 11.25 10.0 8.85 7.8 8.35 8.75 8.2 7.75 7.65 7.8 8.0 8.15 4.9 5.55 5.85 5.4 5.05 5.45 5.05 4.7 4.35 4.7 4.0 4.05 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.05 3.85 3.75 4.0 3.5 4.2 3.4 3.5 3.55 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.45 3.65 3.8 3.9 4.1 2.6 2.55 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.35 2.35 2.3 2.3 2.2 3.45 3.5 3.75 4.15 4.4 5.4 6.0 6.05 6.2 6.15 5.6 5.4' 5.5 5.35 5.25 4.75 4.5 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.25 22 3.8 23 3.8 5.2 6.6 7.3 24 6.0 25 26. 4.1 4.0 4.2 27 28 29 39 6.0 31 5 5 Note. — The following ice conditions prevailed during 1906: River frozen from Jan. 1 to Apr. 15, except that narrow channel remained open near the right bank; river again frozen Dec. 4-31, inclusive. During frozen period gage heights were taken to water surface through a hole in the ice. The following comparative readings were taken: Date. Water surface. Top of ice. Thick- ness of ice. Date. Water surface. Top of ice. Thick- ness of ice. Jan. 2 Feet. 2.3 2.2 2.8 3.8 6.6 6.0 4.65 4.6 3.8 4.1 Feet. """"4.'6" 6.8 6.2 4.7 4.7 3.9 4.2 Feet. 0.9 1.0 .9 .8 .6 .6 1.2 1.3 1.0 (a) Mar. 6 Feet. 3.9 4.4 4.1 4.0 Feet. 4.0 4.0 4.2 3.9 5.8 5.7 5.1 6.1 5.6 Feet. (a) (a) 1.8 Jan. 9 Mar. 14 Jan. 16 Mar. 19 Jan. 23 Mar. 26 1 7 Jan. 25 Apr. 3 6 Jan. 30 Dec. 10 5.9 5.0 6.0 5.5 c .6 Feb 8 Dec 17 c 8 Feb. 13 Dec. 24 c .8 Feb 22 Dec. 31 c 6 Feb. 27 a Open water in places and water on ice; misafe to b River open on east side under gage. • c River not entirely frozen over. upon. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1907.O 7.2 7.05 7.05 7.25 7.55 8.0 8.2 8.25 8.15 7.75 7.6 7.5 7.65 7.85 8.3 8.5 8.0 8.1 8.05 8.3 8.3 8.55 10.15 12.25 16.6 17.1 16.25 14.65 13.85 12.95 12.15 11.7 11.35 10.85 10.0 9.45 9.1 8.85 8.7 8.75 9.25 9.75 10.15 9.65 9.15 8.55 8.35 8.0 7.75 7.55 7.6 8.75 8.55 8.45 8.2 7.5 6.9 6.5 6.25 6.05 5.9 5.95 5.85 5.7 5.6 5.35 4.9 5.05 5.85 9.3 9.45 8.85 8.45 8.45 7.65 7.2 7.1 7.05 6.85 6.55 6.35 6.2 6.15 6.45 6.45 5.9 5.45 5.15 5.15 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.55 5.7 5.85 6.1 5.6 5.35 6.15 7.0 7.1 6.6 5.85 5.4 5.1 5.05 4.95 4.8 4.7 4.65 4.6 4.55 4.5 4.4 4.2 3.95 4.3 4.05 3.45 3.3 3.4 3.55 4.05 5.15 5.35 4.9 4.5 4.35 3.95 4.05 4.25 4.0 3.75 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.45 3.25 3.15 3.55 4.45 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.65 4.4 4.25 4.45 6.65 7.0 6.45 5.65 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.1 4.95 4.65 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.45 3.75 3.65 3.9 6.1 5.9 6.65 7.35 7.45 7.0 7.45 11.2 10.95 10.2 9.8 9.4 9.1 8.75 8.5 8.1 7.75 7.45 7.25 7.1 7.0 6.85 6.75 6.7 6.55 6.55 6.3 6.1 6.1 5.9 5.35 4.45 4.25 4.1 4.7 8.35 10.6 9.45 8.25 7.25 7.6 7.7 7.65 7.35 6.5 5.9 5.65 5.35 6.55 6.7 a River frozen Jan. 1 to Apr. 22, 1907, and from Jan. 20 to Mar. 27, and Dec. 4 to 31, 1908. River open at the gage Apr. 1 to 22, 1907. Gage readings Dec. 7 to 31, 1908, to water surface in a hole cut in the ice. STEEAM FLOW. 47 Daily gage height, in feet, of Penobscot River at West Enfield, 1901-1909 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1907.O 26 12.9 13.3 13.7 15.05 15.75 8.05 7.85 8.5 8.85 9.15 8.8 13.15 14.4 14.0 13.45 12.5 12.0 11.25 10.6 10.3 11.0 11.6 11.8 12.2 11.75 11.2 10.8 10.8 10.9 10.6 10.2 9.6 8.8 8.5 8.25 7.9 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.6 7.5 7.85 10.65 10.5 10.45 10.45 10.85 10.85 10.9 11.0 11.2 11.7 12.3 12.4 11.95 11.6 11.5 11.95 12.35 11.95 12.0 11.8 11.45 10.85 10.45 10.15 10.2 9.8 9.1 8.8 8.65 8.55 7.7 6,8 7.25 9.25 9.35 9.15 9.75 10.95 10.5 10.2 9.6 8.65 8.2 7.75 7.4 7.2 7.05 6.85 6.45 5.8 5.65 5.5 5.45 5.4 5.25 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.25 4.95 4.8 4.9 4.75 4.4 4.15 4.45 7.5 7.25 6.9 6.65 6.3 5.7 5.6 5.9 6.4 6.15 5.9 5.6 5.25 4.65 4.45 4.25 4.35 5.25 6.95 6.65 5.75 5.4 5.3 5.2 4.9 4.75 4.6 4.4 4.35 4.6 5.9 6.35 6.5 6.15 5.85 5.8 4.4 4.25 3.7 3.4 3.15 3.35 - 3.5 3.65 4.2 4.6 4.3 4.15 4.0 4.25 4.0 4.35 4.45 4.55 4.5 4.6 4.9 4.55 4.35 4.15 4.0 3.85 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.85 4.55 4.65 4.5 4.4 4.35 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.45 4.25 4.15 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.2 3.95 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.25 4.2 4.0 3.95 4.2 4.35 3.9 3.55 3.45 3.95 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.75 3.65 3.85 3.7 3.3 3.05 2.8 2.85 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.35 3.25 3.15 3.05 2.95 3.25 3.45 3.7 3.75 3.95 4.05 3.8 3.75 3.5 3.25 3.4 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.25 3.2 3.15 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.35 2.45 2.55 2.7 2.55 2.45 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.85 2.95 3.05 2.95 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.1 2.95 2.85 4.8 4.7 4.25 3.85 3.95 3.25 3.25 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.45 3.25 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.75 2.6 2.7 2.75 2.75 2.85 2.7 2.6 2.45 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.15 1.45 1.05 1.25 2.8 2.9 3.15 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.65 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.62 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.68 3.68 3.6 3.52 3.38 3.05 2.58 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 6.5 14.35 16.6 3.95 4.15 4.25 4.35 6.6 6.8 1.5 2.15 2.3 2.45 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.15 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.95 1.55 1.4 1.9 2.54 2.88 2.74 2.78 12.86 11.05 10.05 9.2 8.4 8.18 7.62 7.28 6.68 6.1 5.7 5.45 5.12 4.78 4.7 4.7 4.65 4.65 4.45 4.28 4.21 4.2 4.14 4.12 4.28 4.66 4.7 4.64 4.41 4.22 4.12 6.75 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.7 2.78 2.66 2.72 2.66 2.76 2.70 2.55 2.40 2.11 2.14 2.46 2.51 2.56 2.57 2.62 2.37 2.45 2.66 2.66 2.71 2.64 2.38 2.03 2.35 2.40 2.37 2.67 2.94 2.86 2.77 3.99 3.98 4.16 5.22 5.78 5.68 5.65 5.18 5.10 5.09 4.95 4.75 4.48 4.44 4.40 4.38 4.32 4.38 4.40 4.28 4.15 4.02 4.10 4.24 4.38 5.10 8.12 7.85 7.48 6.80 6.85 27 6.9 28 6.55 29 5.75 30 6.2 5.45 31 5.1 1908.O 1 6.1 6.1 5.85 5.65 5.45 5.2 4.85 4.7 4.75 5.4 5.15 4.85 4.55 4.5 4.95 5.25 5.5 5.85 5.85 8.4 8.1 7.55 7.8 7.4 6.7 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.4 6.5 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.7 7.0 6.9 6.75 6.55 6.5 6.4 6.55 7.25 8.1 8.6 9.75 11.7 13.3 13.25 9.55 9.45 9.35 9.00 9.35 9.7 10.2 11.5 11.7 11.9 11. 25 10.35 10.8 12.55 13.6 15.0 15.2 14.35 14.0 14.35 14.3 14.25 14.05 13.75 13.5 12.45 12.0 11.65 11.6 11.4 2.85 2 2.96 3 2.64 4 2.90 5 6 7 3.1 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 3.3 15 16 3.9 17 3.8 18 3.9 19 3.8 20 3.8 21 3.9 22 3.8 23 3.7 24 3.6 25 3.6 26 3.5 27 3.6 28 8.8 8.9 8.85 8.45 7.4 7.3 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.65 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.8 5.7 6.4 7.0 7.7 9.0 9.4 3.7 29 3.6 30- 3.6 31 3.7 1909.& 1 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 4.2 5.1 7.7 7.3 6.6 6.3 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.7 5.0 5.3 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.7 5.4 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.3 5.6 6.6 7.1 7.3 7.8 7.9 7.6 6.3 2 6.0 3 5.88 4 5.78 5 5.74 6 5.72 7 5.78 8 5.62 9 5.45 10 5.74 11 4.30 12 4.0 13 3.6 14 4.15 15 4.42 16 4.45 17 4.4 18 4.48 19 4.25 20. 4.0 21 3.85 22 3.82 23 3.8 24 3.72 25 26. 3.5 3.48 27 3.65 28... 3.32 29 4.52 30 5.0 31 5.38 o River frozen Jan. 1 to Apr. 22, 1907, and from Jan. 20 to Mar. 27, and Dec. 4 to 31, 1908. River open at the gage Apr. 1 to 22, 1907. Gage readings Dec. 7 to 31, 1908, to water surface in a hole cut in the ice. ^ Gage heights affected t>y ice from Jan. 1 to about Apr. 23, 1909, also during the last few days of De- cember, 1909. " 48 WATER RESOURCES OE PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Rating tables for Penobscot River at West Enfield. 1901-1908. Gage Dis- Gage height. Dis- Gage height. Dis- Gage height. Dis- height. charge. eharge. charge. charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 1.00 1,630 2.50 3,920 3.90 7,330 6.60 16,550 1.10 1,710 2.60 4,130 4.00 7,620 6.80 17,390 1.20 1,810 2.70 4,340 4.20 8,210 7.00 18, 260 1.30 1,930 2.80 4,560 4.40 8,810 8.00 23,200 1.40 2,060 2.90 4,790 4.60 9,430 9.00 29,000 1.50 2,200 3.00 5,020 4.80 10,070 10.00 35, 450 1.60 2,350 3.10 5,260 5.00 10,720 11.00 42,350 1.70 2.500 3.20 5,500 5.20 11,380 12.00 49,750 1.80 2,660 3.30 5,740 5.40 12,060 13.00 57,600 1.90 2,830 3.40 5,990 5.60 12,750 14.00 65,600 2.00 3,000 3.50 6,240 5.80 13, 460 15.00 73, 800 2.10 3,170 3.60 6,500 6.00 14, 200 16.00 82, 100 2.20 3,350 3.70 6,770 6.20 14,960 17.00 90,500 2.30 3,530 3.80 7,050 6.40 15,740 18.00 99,000 2.40 3,720 Note. — The above table is not applicable for ice or obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on discharge measurements made during 1901-1908, and is well defined. Gage Dis- Gage height. Dis- Gage height. Dis- Gage height. Dis- height. charge. charge. charge. charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 2.20 3,790 3.80 7,440 5.40 12,310 7.80 21,990 2.30 3,970 3.90 7,710 5.50 12,650 8.00 22,950 2.40 4,160 4.00 7,980 5.60 13,000 8.20 23,940 2.50 4,350 4.10 8,260 5.70 13,350 8.40 24,960 2.60 4,550 4.20 8,540 5.80 13,710 8.60 26,010 2.70 4,760 4.30 8,830 5.90 14,070 8.80 27,080 2.80 4,970 4.40 9,120 6.00 14,440 9.00 28, 180 2.90 5,190 4.50 9,420 6.20 15, 190 10.00 33,850 3.00 5,420 4.60 9,720 6.40 15,970 11.00 39,850 3.10 5,650 4.70 10,030 6.60 16,770 12.00 46,050 3.20 5,890 4.80 10,340 6.80 17,. 590 13.00 52,400 3.30 6,140 4.90 10, 660 7.00 18,420 14.00 58,900 3.40 6,390 5.00 10,980 7.20 19,270 15.00 65,500 3.50 6,650 5.10 11,310 7.40 20, 150 16.00 72,200 3.60 6,910 5.20 11,640 7.60 21,060 17.00 79,000 3.70 7,170 5.30 11,970 Note. — The above table is not applicable for ice or obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on 14 discharge measurements made during 1909, and is well defined. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Penobscot River at West Enfield, 1901-1909. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. Day. Nov. Dec. 1901. 1 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,170 1901. 11 3,920 3,920 3,920 3,530 3,350 3,350 3,170 3,350 3,350 3,350 3,920 5,740 7,050 9,120 15,000 65,600 69, 700 48,200 27,500 22, 100 1901. 21 3,000 3,000 3,620 3,350 3,350 3,350 3,170 3,000 3,000 3,000 2 12 22 3 13 23 4 14 24 5 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,260 3,530 3,720 15 25 . 6 16 26 7 17 27 8 18 28 9.. . . 19 29 10 20 30 31 STKEAM FLOW. 49 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Penobscot River at West Enfield, 1901-1909 — Continued. Jan. Feb. Mar, Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 11,400 7,480 8, 9,120 8,510 7,910 7,760 6,500 6,630 6,240 5,020 4,790 4,560 4, 4,340 4,130 3,820 3,350 3,820 3,350 4,020 4,130 7,050 15,000 16,300 12, 600 13, 300 14, 600 15, 200 12,600 12,900 10,900 10,900 11, 600 11, 000 10, 600 10,400 10, 100 9,750 55, 300 55, 300 69, 000 73,400 93,400 60,000 58, 400 48, 200 49, 000 44,100 41,000 37,500 41, 600 45,200 46, 100 48, 600 52, 900 61, 600 60, 800 57, 600 53,300 48,200 44,500 43,400 69,400 65, 100 60, 400 56, 100 51, 800 45,200 42,700 41, 300 39,900 41,000 42,700 43,400 35, 100 40,200 37, 800 37,500 36,500 35, 100 31,800 26, 900 27, 500 29, 000 28, 400 27,800 28,400 29,000 29, 300 30, 600 30. 600 30, 200 43,400 41,600 40,600 41, 600 45, 43,400 41, 000 41, 000 45, 600 50, 200 48, 200 43, 800 40,600 38, 200 36,500 34, 800 33, 100 30, 900 29, 900 29, 000 26,1 24, 800 24,000 24,000 23,500 24,000 24,600 24,000 24,600 24, 600 33, 500 39, 900 36, 800 35,100 33,500 32, 200 31,500 30,900 31,500 29, 000 26,900 24,800 23, 200 21, 100 19,400 17, 800 16, 600 16, 100 16, 100 15, 200 14,000 14, 800 15, 500 17,000 17, 000 17, 17, 200 17, 000 18,300 18.000 16, 600 24, 600 22, 100 19, 900 19, 900 20, 100 18, 900 18, 500 17, 000 17, 600 17, 600 17, 200 17,400 17,000 16, 800 14, 600 13, 800 13, 100 12, 600 11,900 10,700 10, 100 9,910 9,430 8,510 7,760 7,760 7,620 7.620 7,190 6,770 6,120 52, 200 49,800 46, 700 43,800 43,400 15, 200 14, 600 14, 800 20,400 30, 200 35,800 36,500 35,400 49,000 51,400 45, 41, 600 38, 200 35,400 32,800 29,300 25,400 23, 500 21,400 18, 500 15,700 15,500 21, 100 20, 600 18,900 18,700 31,800 33,800 26, 300 22, 900 6,500 7,330 6,770 5,990 5,380 5,380 4,560 4,130 4,020 5,260 5,140 5,500 6,630 9,910 12, 600 8,360 7,910 7,330 7,190 6,770 6,370 5,500 4,560 5,380 5,620 5,260 5,380 5,620 5,740 5,380 19,200 17, 400 21,900 21,900 16, 100 20,100 19, 600 19,900 20, 100 19,600 18,000 16, 300 14, 600 14,400 13, 600 12,800 10, 900 11,400 14,000 11,000 9,430 9,750 9,910 10, 400 10, 900 13, 100 13, 800 12, 900 9,910 9,120 9,430 8,660 10, 200 12, 900 13, 100 12,800 5,620 5,740 5,740 5,500 5,860 6,630 5,620 6,120 7,190 9,590 7,910 6,630 6,120 7,050 6,500 8,210 8,210 7,050 7,480 7,050 6,500 6,630 6,500 6,910 6,770 6,500 5,740 6,630 8,210 10,400 8,360 11,200 13,800 15,000 13,300 11; 11, 200 10, 600 10, 100 10, 900 10,700 10,400 10,700 11,000 10, 600 10, 100 11,400 14,400 15, 200 15,700 10, 100 8,960 6,630 6,370 8,210 9,280 9,120 8,510 8,060 5, 6,240 6, 910 7,050 6,240 5,620 4,450 8,660 7, 6,770 6,120 5, 5,620 5,500 5,260 5,380 5,500 5,620 6,910 6,500 5,990 6,240 6,500 6,370 6,370 6,630 7, 8,360 8,510 6,770 5,740 5,990 5,740 5,500 5,260 5,500 5,380 5,260 7,760 6,770 8, 510 9,750 3,260 3,440 4,790 5,620 5,260 5,020 4,900 4,340 3,440 4,790 6,120 6,630 6,120 6,370 7,050 6,630 6,240 5,990 5,740 5.380 5,380 5,500 5,380 5,260 5,140 5,020 4,790 4,450 4,130 4,450 5,380 5,500 5,260 5,620 4,900 4,340 5,020 5,140 4,790 5,020 4,450 4,130 4,340 4,130 4,230 4,560 4,230 4,230 4,020 3,920 4,130 6,120 5,500 3,620 4,020 3,350 2,830 2,920 3,000 2,580 4,790 5,020 4,680 4,450 4,020 5,260 6,770 7,190 6,630 5,260 5,140 5,260 4,900 5,020 4,900 4,560 4,450 5,740 7,330 6,770 5,740 5,140 4,1 4,1 6.770 21, 600 23, 200 20, 100 2,500 2.350 2,200 2,280 2,200 2,060 2,130 2,130 1,1 1,930 1,810 2,060 2,200 2,200 2,200 2,350 2,280 2,350 2,430 2,500 2,430 2,350 2,430 2,500 2,660 2,500 2,350 2.200 2,200 2,060 16, 600 13, i 11,400 10, 600 10, 900 10, 100 8,660 8,060 !,■ 6,770 7,190 7,330 !,■ 7,620 7,910 8,210 7,760 7,910 8,360 8,210 7,910 7,910 7,910 7,190 7,190 7,760 7,050 7,190 8,510 8,210 6,500 6,240 10,100 2,060 2,200 2,280 2,130 2,060 1,930 1,930 2,130 2,500 2,350 2,350 2,580 3,350 4,020 4,130 4,130 3,920 3,820 3,440 3,170 3,000 2,830 2,660 2,660 2,500 2,660 2,660 2,660 2,500 2,660 4,560 4,340 4,560 4,560 6,370 18,500 17,800 15,400 12,900 11,700 9,590 8,960 8,960 8,510 8,210 15042°— wsp 279—12- 50 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Penobscot River at West Enfield, 1901-1909 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1904. 6 39,900 43,100 29,600 25,700 25,700 36, 100 46, 700 48,200 41,600 37, 200 40,200 48, 600 49,000 46,300 48, 200 49,800 43,800 39, 600 38,500 34,800 27,800 23,500 22,900 21, 100 19, 600 19,900 16,800 17,000 16, 600 16,800 16,600 15,700 15,000 14, 600 15, 400 15,400 15, 000 14,600 15,900 15,000 14,400 15.500 15, 700 17,400 20, 100 23,500 22.400 20,900 19,900 18,500 18,700 18,700 18,500 17, 800 17,000 15,900 14, 600 45,600 49, 400 52,400 53,600 52,800 52,400 51,700 52, 100 50,500 51,700 17,800 19,200 20,900 18,000 16, 600 16, 100 15, 700 15,000 13,800 12,400 10,900 10, 400 11,400 13, 600 12, 400 11,200 10,700 10, 600 9,910 9,280 9,590 10,400 9,910 8,060 6,910 14, 800 13, 600 12,200 11, 000 10,400 9,590 10,400 9,750 8,660 7,910 7,620 8,510 9,120 9,590 9,590 9,430 9,430 8,360 7,480 7,620 7,190 6,910 6,630 5,990 5,620 6,380 5,860 5,860 5,140 4,900 21,400 20,600 20, 400 20,900 19,600 19, 200 21,600 17,800 17,400 17,000 12,200 11,000 9,750 8,960 8,660 10,700 8,660 8,360 9,120 9,910 8,360 7,190 9,120 7,050 7,330 7,760 8,210 6,240 5.990 6,630 5,860 7,050 8,060 6,120 5,620 5,740 4,130 4,680 6,370 6,910 7,620 6,500 5,620 4,900 4,450 4,900 5,500 6,770 5,500 5,260 4,900 4,230 5,860 6,120 5,500 5,260 5,020 4,790 4,790 5,500 5,380 5,860 5,500 5,380 5,620 5,740 6,120 8,360 6,910 9,280 8,360 9,120 9,750 8,360 8,810 11,200 10,200 8,810 8,060 7,760 8,060 7,910 8,210 8,510 8,210 7,910 7,620 7,910 7,480 6,910 6,240 5,380 6,120 7,190 6,370 5,990 5,740 5,380 4,900 4,340 4,560 4,560 4,450 7,050 6,630 6,240 6,120 6,630 6,770 5,260 5,380 5,740 6,770 6,120 4,450 4,020 4,560 4,230 4,020 4,900 5,500 5,500 5,140 5,260 4,230 3,820 3,440 3,080 3,080 3,820 4,230 4,340 4,020 4,560 9,120 8,810 8,360 7,620 7,330 6,910 6,630 7,190 7,480 7,760 6,770 6,630 5,860 5,500 5,500 5,260 5,020 5,140 4,450 5,140 8,660 io;ioo 9,120 8,060 8,360 7,910 8,210 7,910 8,060 9,910 11. 700 11,000 9,590 10,200 12,200 5,140 4,900 5,140 5,020 5,140 5,140 4,560 4,020 3,720 3,620 3,530 3,350 3,820 3,170 3,440 3,350 3,260 3,620 3,920 4.130 4,130 4,130 3,820 3,620 4,230 3,920 3,920 4,130 4,230 4,020 6,120 5,020 4.900 5,380 5,990 5,620 5,260 5,020 4,450 4,130 10,900 9,910 9,590 9,280 8,660 8,210 8,060 7,910 8,210 8,210 8,060 8,060 7,910 7,760 7,620 7,330 9,280 13,500 12,900 11, 600 10,900 12,200 12,900 12,200 11,000 9,750 3,530 3,720 3,720 3,620 3,260 3,260 2,920 3,170 3,000 2,830 3.000 3,000 3,170 3,170 3,350 3,260 3,000 2,830 2,830 2,830 2,430 1,930 2,350 1,930 1,870 1,810 1,930 1,930 1,630 1,810 1,930 3,170 3,350 3,350 3,170 3,000 3,170 3,170 3,530 3,530 4,560 7,910 8,060 9,120 8,810 8,510 8,210 7,910 7,760 7,760 7,480 6,770 6,500 6,240 6,500 6,370 6,370 7,330 7,190 7,190 7,050 6,770 6,630 5,990 5,740 5,500 6,240 6,120 6,770 7 8 9 27,200 33, 100 40, 600 43, 800 42,400 38,200 34,400 29,300 24,800 22, 700 22, 100 22, 700 22, 100 21,900 22,700 24,300 26, 600 34,400 36,500 37,200 37,800 43, 100 7,190 10 8,360 11 8,360 12 8,060 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21... 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 ■ 1905. 1 1,930 2,130 2,740 3,000 2,660 2,830 2,920 2,660 2,920 2,660 2,500 2,000 2,430 2,500 2,000 1,930 2,830 3,000 3,170 3,440 3,080 2,830 2,660 2.660 2,200 1,760 2,500 3,260 2,660 3,000 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 33, 800 34, 100 33, 800 31,800 30, 600 29, 600 28, 400 26,300 23,200 21,400 21, 100 22, 900 23,700 23,700 22,400 21,400 19. 900 20, 100 18, 700 17,600 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20. . . 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1906. 1 12,200 12,100 13,600 14,800 14,000 12,900 12, 100 11,000 10,700 9,910 2 3 4 5. 6 7 8 9... 10 STEEAM FLOW. 51 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Penobscot River at West Enfield, 1901-1909 — Continued. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 14,600 14,600 13,600 12,900 12,200 11,400 10, 200 9,750 9,910 12,100 11,200 10,200 9,280 9,120 10,600 31,500 45, 600 50,900 50, 100 49,400 46,700 47,100 47, 100 44,200 40,900 40,900 41,300 41,600 43, 100 44, 200 26,300 36, 500 51,800 56,900 60,000 63,100 74,200 80,000 25,400 23,700 20, 900 22, 100 20,100 17,000 15,700 15, 700 16,100 15,700 16,100 15,700 16,100 16, 100 16,100 51,300 45,600 44,900 47, 100 43,800 46,700 44, 500 45, 200 40,600 35,400 28,100 22, 100 25, 100 27,500 24,300 21,900 21,400 22, 100 23, 200 24,000 87,100 91,400 84,200 70,900 64,300 57,200 61,000 47,400 44, 900 41,300 35, 400 31,800 29, 600 28, 100 27, 200 27,800 27, 500 30, 600 33,800 36,500 33, 100 29,900 26, 900 25,100 25,100 23,500 22, 400 26,000 28,100 29,900 27,800 58,800 68,900 65, 600 61,200 53,600 49,800 44, 200 39, 500 37,500 42,400 46,700 48,200 51,300 47,900 16,800 16,800 15,700 12, 100 9,120 7,760 8,360 9,750 9,750 9,910 10,400 12,600 13,600 12, 100 10,900 12,200 10,900 9,750 8,660 9,750 26,300 25,100 23, 200 21,900 20,900 21,100 27, 500 26,300 25,700 26,600 24,300 20, 600 17,800 16, 100 15,200 14,400 13,800 14,000 13,600 13,100 12,800 11,900 10,400 10,900 13,600 17,400 19, 400 30, i 31,200 29,900 33,; 42,000 38,800 36,800 32,800 26,900 24,300 21,900 20,100 19,200 18,500 17,600 15,900 13,500 12,900 8,360 6,910 9,590 12, 400 11,400 9,120 8,060 8,060 7,760 7,620 7,620 7,760 9,120 8,810 8,510 7,760 7,190 6,910 7,620 6,240 8,210 28, 400 30,900 31 ! 28'ioO 25,700 25.700 21,400 19, 200 18,700 18,500 17,600 16,300 15, 500 15,000 14,800 15,900 15,900 13,800 12, 200 11,200 11,200 12, 400 12,100 12,400 12,600 13,800 15,500 16,100 14,800 13,600 13,500 8,810 8,360 6,770 5,990 5,380 5,860 6,240 6,640 8,210 9,430 8,510 8,060 7,620 8,360 7,620 7,330 7,480 6,770 6,500 5,860 5,860 5,860 5,990 5,140 5,740 5,990 6,240 6,370 7,050 6,240 5,740 6,120 6,630 7.050 7; 330 7,910 13. 100 13, 600 14, 600 12,800 11,900 14,800 18,300 18, 700 16, 600 13,600 12,100 11,000 10,900 10,600 10,100 9,750 9,590 9, 430 9,280 9,120 8,810 8,210 7,480 8,510 7,760 7,480 7,620 7,330 7,050 6,910 6,630 7,190 6,770 5,740 5,140 4,560 5, 6,240 5,990 5,: 5,620 5, 5,140 4,900 5,620 4,130 4,230 3,920 4,130 4,020 3,720 3,720 3,530 3,530 3,620 4,130 4,020 3,530 3,720 3,720 3,620 3,620 3,530 3,530 3,350 6,120 5,740 5,990 6,370 7,760 11,200 11,900 10,400 9,120 8,660 7,480 7,760 8,360 7,620 6,910 6,500 6,240 6,240 5,990 5,740 6,120 5,620 5,380 6,370 8,960 10,100 9,750 8,360 7,190 7,480 5,620 5,620 5, 5,: 5,; 6,120 5, 5,020 5,020 4,790 4,450 4,130 4,340 4,450 4,450 15,400 16, 600 12,600 10,700 9,120 8,060 7,330 6,910 6,370 6,120 6,240 6,910 8,060 8,810 12,100 14, 200 14, 400 15, 000 14,; 12,800 8,210 7,910 7,910 8,810 9,590 8,810 8,360 8,960 16,800 18,300 15,900 12,900 11,700 11,400 11,000 11,000 10,600 9,590 7,910 6,770 6,240 6,120 6,910 6,630 7,330 16,600 17,400 2,200 3, 3,530 3,820 4,130 4,130 3,920 3,720 3,530 3,350 3,170 3,350 3,350 3,530 3,350 9,750 9,750 10, 100 9,750 10,400 10,700 11,600 11,600 11, 600 12,400 12, 100 12,400 11,900 11,600 9,910 9,120 8,810 7,620 7,620 8,360 14,600 13,800 16,800 19,900 20,400 18,300 20, 400 43,800 42,000 36,800 34, 100 31,500 29, 600 27,500 26,000 23,700 21,900 20, 400 19, 18,700 18,300 17,600 17,200 17,000 16,300 17,200 17,800 17, 17,400 17,000 4,520 4, 4,380 4, 4,470 4,340 4,020 3,720 3,190 3,240 3,840 3,940 4,050 4,070 4,170 16,300 15,400 14,600 14,600 13,800 11,900 8,960 8.360 7; 910 9,750 25,100 39,600 31,800 24,600 19,400 21,100 21,600 21,400 19,900 16,100 13,800 12,900 11,900 16,300 17,000 17,600 17,800 16,300 13,300 12,200 11,000 4,680 4,930 4,210 4,790 52 WATER EESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Penobscot River at West Enfield, 1901-1909 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1908. 11,600 12,400 13, 600 13,600 27,800 28, 400 28, 100 25, 700 17,000 18,300 17,800 17,200 16,300 16, 100 15, 700 16,300 19,400 23,700 33, i 47, 500 60,000 59,600 1909. 62,000 57,100 55,000 57, 100 56,700 56, 500 55. 300 56, 500 55,000 48,900 46,000 43,900 43, 42,300 40,900 40,900 41,600 39,500 36,800 32,800 27,800 26,000 24,600 22, 700 21,100 21,600 22,100 21, 100 20, 600 22, 400 37,1 36,800 36,600 30,600 39,000 39,000 39, 200 39,800 41,100 44,200 48,000 48,600 45,700 43,600 43,000 45,700 48,: 45,700 46, 000 42, 600 39,000 36,600 34, 800 35,000 32,700 28,700 27, 100 26, 300 25,700 21,500 12, 400 12, 200 12, 100 11,600 10,700 11,000 11,400 11,600 10,600 10,100 10, 400 9,910 8,810 8,060 20,600 19,500 18,000 17,000 15,600 13, 400 13,000 14, 100 16,000 15,000 14, 100 13,000 11,800 9,880 9,270 11, 18,200 17,000 13,500 12,300 12,000 11,600 10,700 10,200 9,720 9,120 8,980 9,720 10 570 6,120 6,770 6,910 7,480 7,' 7,050 6,910 6,240 5,620 5,990 5,; 5,; 5,: 5,740 5,500 5,500 6,140 6,020 5,770 5,650 4,970 4,350 3,970 3,790 4,060 4,260 4,450 4,760 4,450 4,160 3,970 4,350 4,760 5, ' 5,300 5,540 5,300 5,650 5,890 6,390 6,910 6,390 5,650 5,300 5, 4,340 4,130 3,820 3,920 3,720 3,530 3,350 3,350 3,530 3,260 2,130 1,670 1,870 2,200 4,970 5,190 5,770 5,. 6,140 6,140 7,440 7,040 6,650 6,390 6,910 6,960 7,170 7,170 7,170 7,120 7,120 6,910 6,700 6,340 5,540 4,510 4,350 4,160 4,160 4,160 4,550 16, 400 61,200 76,300 3,530 3,530 3,350 3,260 3,350 3,350 3,170 3,170 2,920 2,280 2,060 2,830 4,000 4,740 4,430 4,520 51,500 40,200 34, 200 29,300 25,000 23,; 21,200 19, 17, 100 14,; 13,400 12, 500 11,400 10,300 10,000 10,000 9,880 9, 9,270 8,770 8,570 8,540 8,370 8,320 8,770 9,910 10,000 9,840 9,150 8,600 8,320 3,660 3,820 4,260 4,260 4,360 4,210 8, 680 3,050 3,620 3,720 3,660 4,280 4,880 4,700 4,490 7,950 7,930 8,430 11,700 13,600 13,300 13,200 11,600 11,300 11,300 10,800 10,200 9,360 9,240 9,120 9,060 8,890 9,060 9,120 8,770 8,400 8,040 8,260 8,660 9,060 11,300 23, 500 22, 200 20,500 17,600 15, 600 14,400 14,009 13,600 13,500 13,400 13, 600 13, 100 12,500 13,500 8,830 7,980 6,910 8,400 9,180 9,270 9,120 9,360 7,580 7,490 7,440 7,220 6,650 7,040 6,190 5,800 5,500 5,200 STREAM FLOW. 63 Monthly discharge of Penobscot River at West Enfield, 1901-1909. [Drainage area, 6,600 square miles.*] Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area).' 1901. Nov.5-30 Dec. 1-20 1902. January Feb. 1-8 Mar. 28-31 April May June July August September October November Dec. 1-8 1903. Mar. 12-31 April May June July August September October November Dec. 1-14 1904. Apr. 9-30 May June July August September October November Dec. 1-12 1905. Apr. 11-30 May June July August September October November 1906. Apr. 16-30 May June July August. September October November 3,920 69, 007 16,300 11, 600 73,400 69,400 39,900 51,400 20, 100 15, 700 7,050 23, 200 16, 600 10, 100 93,400 50, 200 24, 600 12, 600 10,400 8,660 6,120 2,660 4,130 3,920 34, 100 23,500 14,800 7,620 7,050 5,140 3,720 3,440 50, 3,000 3,000 3,350 9,750 55,300 26,900 14,000 14,600 8,660 4,450 3,260 4,020 6,770 5,860 37,500 23,500 6,120 4,020 5,500 5,260 2,580 1,810 1,930 2,350 21,900 19,600 6,910 5,620 4,340 4,340 7,330 5,500 5,380 17,600 14,400 4,900 4,130 3,080 3,170 1,630 1,760 31,500 21,400 7,760 6,240 5,140 3,350 3,000 7,620 3,100 15, 200 8,060 10, 700 63,200 39,000 22,900 28,000 13,300 9,430 5,220 7,000 8,640 7,240 51,800 34,800 13,900 6,250 6,950 6,280 4,380 2,260 2,780 2,680 31,300 38, 200 13,900 8,750 6,990 7,360 10, 600 7,460 25, 200 17, 100 8,480 5,510 5,000 4,070 2,740 2,630 44,300 40,600 14, 100 8,560 6,850 4,240 8,230 11, 000 0.470 2.30 1.22 1.62 9.58 5.91 3.47 4.24 2.02 1.43 .791 1.06 1.31 1.10 7.85 5.27 2.11 .947 1.05 .952 .664 .340 .421 .406 4.74 5.79 2.11 1.33 1.06 1.12 1.61 1.13 1.01 3.82 2.59 1.28 .835 .758 .617 .415 6.71 6.15 2.14 1.30 1.04 .643 1.25 1.67 0.45 1.71 1.41 .48 1.43 6.59 4.00 4.73 2.33 1.65 .88 1.22 1.46 .33 5.84 5.88 2.43 1.06 1.21 1.10 .74 .39 .47 .21 6.68 2.35 1.53 1.22 1.25 1.86 1.26 .45 2.84 2.99 1.43 .96 .87 3.74 7.09 2.39 1.50 1.20 .72 1.44 1.86 a Includes Chamberlain Lake basin, 270 square miles. 54 WATER EESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Monthly discharge of Penobscot River at West Enfield, 1901-1909 — Continued. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum, Miiimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-ofl (depth in inches on drainage area). Accu- racy. January February . . March April May June July August September . October November. December. . 1907. The year. January February . . March April May June July August (September. October November . December. . 1908. The year. January February . . March . . . . . April May June July August September. October November. December. . The year. 80,000 91,400 31,200 31,800 18, 700 11,900 18,300 43,800 39,600 91,400 14, ( 28, 400 60, 000 68, 900 42, 000 10, 400 7,760 6,120 4,740 4,880 68, 900 62, 000 48, 600 20,600 10,000 6,910 76,300 51,500 23,500 15, 600 76,300 22,400 10, 400 11, 200 6,630 5,380 6,120 13,800 7,910 6,820 3,960 2,930 17,600 40,200 19,900 17,600 10,800 7,580 10, 100 22, 400 16,800 1.03 .600 .444 2.67 6.10 3.02 2.67 1.64 1.15 1.53 3.39 2.55 14, 700 2.23 15,700 20, 600 8,060 5,380 4,560 1,670 2,060 3,050 11,300 10,400 11, 200 22, 600 39,400 17, 800 7,900 6,000 4,220 3,450 4,040 3,960 1.71 1.58 1.70 3.42 5.97 2.70 1.20 .909 .639 .523 .612 .600 11, 900 21,500 8,680 6,520 3,790 4,160 8,320 7,930 4,740 3,290 7,290 37,000 38, 700 13, 100 8,520 5,110 10, 600 15, 500 11,400 9,540 0.718 .498 1.10 5.61 5.86 1.98 1.29 .774 1.61 2.35 1.73 1.45 3,790 13,700 1.19 .62 .51 2.98 7.03 3.37 3.08 1.89 1.28 1.76 3.78 2.94 30.43 1.97 1.70 1.96 3.82 6.88 3.01 1.38 1.05 .71 .60 .68 24. 0.83 .52 1.27 6.26 6.76 2.21 1.49 .89 1.80 2.71 1.93 1.67 28.34 Note. — Estimates of discharge during winter periods 1907-8 taken as the sum of the four stations above West Enfield, viz: Millinocket, Grindstone, Mattawamkeag, and Foxcroft, plus an inflow below these four stations and above West E nfleld . The rate of inflow per square mile was assumed to be about equivalent to the average rate of Foxcroft and Mattawamkeag for the period in question. Note. — Discharge for the frozen periods based on studies of climatologic data and comparisons with other stations. Mean discharge Apr. 1-16 estimated 23,300 second-feet. STEEAM FLOW. 65 PENOBSCOT RIVER AT SUNKHAZE RIPS, NEAR COSTIGAN. A record of the flow at Sunkhaze Rips, near Costigan, Me., was kept from September 15, 1899, to September 22, 1900. The rating curve was constructed from tube-float measurements made by George F. Hardy and reported to the Supreme Court of Maine on October 23, 1901. The drainage basin at Sunkhaze Rips has an area of 7,260 square miles. The results of the measurements at this point are given in the following table: Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Penobscot River at Sunkhaze Rips, near Costigan, 1899-1900. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1899. 1 3,450 4,250 5,100 3,900 3,550 3,360 3,190 3,300 3,200 3,100 3,100 2,950 2,750 2,630 2,630 3,300 5,600 10,800 12,200 11,000 10,800 10,500 14,000 9,090 8,300 7,620 7,300 6,020 6,240 6,100 4,800 5,100 5,950 8,000 8,750 8,650 8,650 7,700 8,500 7,900 7,440 7,230 9,400 11,500 11,500 1899. 16 2,640 2,600 2,350 2,900 2,380 2,450 2,750 2,670 2,850 2,450 a3,410 a 3, 300 3,140 3,020 3,190 2,330 2,410 2,330 2,330 2,390 2,430 2,350 2,100 2,670 2,420 2,320 2,100 2,330 2,160 «2,000 2,550 6,100 5,800 4,400 5,100 5,250 5,950 6,240 6,700 6,800 6,450 5,600 5,100 5,250 5,600 5,800 10,000 9,750 10,200 10,200 10,500 11,000 2 17 3 18 4 19 5 . ... 20 6 21 7 22 11,200 8 23 11,200 9 24 10,300 10 25 9,850 11 26 9,750 12 27 9,200 8,850 13 28 29 14 8,570 8,400 15 2,830 30 31 9,430 a Shut down at Montague. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. 1900 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 9,500 10,000 10,500 11,700 11,900 11,200 11,000 10,000 10, 200 10,200 10,200 12, 600 13 600 13, 200 12,800 12,200 12,000 12, 400 12, 200 11,800 11,800 12, 600 13, 600 14,800 15,600 16,300 19,000 27,500 32,000 33,500 35,400 36,000 35,800 33, 700 32,200 31,700 31,800 31,500 31,000 30,000 29,200 27, 200 26,200 27,200 29,800 43,000 51,000 52, 400 49, 900 47,300 45,000 43,000 39, 700 38, 300 35,700 34,800 38,300 44, 400 47,300 47, 600 47,500 45, 600 44, 400 42,300 41,400 39,400 37, 700 36, 500 35, 100 33, 600 32, 600 31,100 30,500 29,800 29,200 34,800 44,100 33, 200 32,500 62, 700 62, 500 61,300 59, 500 58,000 55,500 54,800 57,500 48, 100 44,500 41,300 40,300 39, 690 41,300 44,500 46,600 43, 800 42, 600 45, 300 48,800 44,500 48,800 36, 600 38,000 42,600 44,500 46, 100 48, 100 49,400 54, 800 62,400 62,000 75, 100 74, 700 71, 400 69,600 67,500 65,300 61,700 59,500 56,800 59, 400 54, 800 54, 100 61,200 72,500 74,700 69,900 66,900 63,600 63,000 61,700 58,000 53, 400 49,400 50, 100 54, 100 50, 700 50,800 48, 800 54, 100 62,400 55, 700 61,700 60,000 57,800 55,000 50,800 49,800 47, 100 44, 200 39,900 34,300 30,300 36,300 41,600 38,200 34,700 32,300 30, 300 27,400 24,200 24, 200 23, 900 22. 300 22,000 18,400 19,000 17,500 14, 600 13,600 12,600 10,500 9,700 12, 200 10, 200 9,400 8,300 8,150 7,800 9,000 10, 200 11,900 12, 200 11,900 11,300 11,700 12,500 12, 800 12,800 13, 200 14,100 14, 100 14, 100 14, 400 13,900 14,600 14,000 11,900 13,200 16,900 21,400 18,700 14, 400 12, 900 11,300 11,300 12,200 15, 100 15, 100 14,800 14,600 13,600 14, 100 13,600 12, 900 12,700 12,400 12,400 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 13, 400 13,200 12, 700 12,400 13,400 12, 400 12,000 11,900 11, 700 11,200 10,400 9,000 7,650 6,350 4,850 6,600 6,450 6,150 5,950 6,200 56 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Monthly discharge of Penobscot River at SunJchaze Rips, near Costigan, 1899-1900. [Drainage area, 7,260 square miles.] Month. Discharge in second-feet. Per Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square mile. 3,410 2,350 2,810 0.387 5,100 2,000 2,760 .380 14,000 3,300 7,170 .988 11,500 4,800 9,020 1.24 35, 400 9,500 14,900 2.05 52, 400 26,200 37,300 5.14 62,700 29, 200 43,800 6.03 75, 100 36, 600 52,400 7.22 74,700 39,900 56,600 7.80 41, 600 7,800 20, 400 2.81 21, 400 11,300 13,800 1.90 14, 100 4,850 10,700 1.47 6,950 2,620 4,520 .623 Run-ofif (depth in inches on drainage area). 1899. Sept. 15-30 October November December 1900. January February March April May June July August Sept. 1-21 0.23 .44 1.10 1.43 2.36 5.35 6.95 8.06 8.99 3.14 2.19 1.70 .49 EAST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVEH AT GRINDSTONE. The East Branch of the Penobscot originally had its headwaters in Webster and East Branch streams in the north-central part of the State. Prior to 1845 a canal was cut from Telos Lake, in the AUagash basin, to Webster Lake, in the Penobscot basin, and a dam was con- structed between Chamberlain and Eagle lakes. Thus, by means of these artificial structures. Chamberlain Lake, with its drainage basin of 270 square miles, was made tributary to the Penobscot. This diversion of St. John water is still continued. During the log-driving season nearly all of the run-off from this area is thrown to the Penob- scot, and during the remainder of the year the gates in the dam at Chamberlain Lake are opened and water is allowed to flow both ways. On account of the fact that the gates in the dam at the outlet of Chamberlain Lake are about 2 feet lower than those in the dam at Telos Lake, the flow from this basin to the St. John is greater than that to the Penobscot when the gates in both are open. As the surface of the lake is lowered the proportion flowing to the St. John increases until at extreme low water none flows to^the Penobscot. The basin of the East Branch, which, including the 270 square miles of the St. John area, comprises an area of 1,100 square miles, is completely forested and largely wild, has much undeveloped water power, and affords excellent opportunities for water storage. The gaging station was established October 23, 1902, at the Bangor & Aroostook Railroad bridge, one-half mile south of the railroad station at Grindstone. It is about 8 miles above the junction of the East Branch with the Penobscot at Medway. No water power is STREAM FLOW. 57 used on the river above the station, but dams are maintained at the outlet of several of the lakes and ponds near the source of the river, and the impounded water is used for log driving. The datum of the gage has remained the same during the main- tenance of the station. The discharge is affected by ice during the winter months, and in the log-driving season jams at the station and at Grindstone Falls immediately below are liable to materially vitiate the published estimates of discharge. Conditions for obtaining accurate discharge data are good except at low stages, when the current becomes very sluggish. A good rating curve has been developed, although more measurements are required at extreme low and extreme high stages. Discharge measurements of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone^ 1902-1906 and 1908-9. Date. 1902, Oct. 23 Nov. 26 1903, Apr. 9 Apr. 14 Apr. 22 May 23 Sept. 9 Sept. 26 Oct. 28a 1904, Apr. 29 Oct. 24 Gage height. Feet. 5 15 5.41 7.85 8.10 7.20 6.64 4.32 5.36 4. .58 9.13 6.32 Discharge. Second-feet. 706 921 4,670 5,350 3,230 2,580 223 824 474 8,180 2,230 Date. 1905 Apr. 14 Oct. 17 1908 Feb. 21^ Apr. 23 Oct. 5 Oct. 31 Dec. 2 1909 Apr. 29c Oct. 27 Gage height. Feet. 7.45 3.96 6.83 6.16 4.56 4.69 5.13 8.72 6.06 Discharge. Second-feet. 4,080 122 1,340 1,950 393 433 733 5,530 1,770 a Measurement made from boat. b Gage height to top of ice, 6.83. Average thickness of ice, 1.6 feet. c Jam of logs on pier. Daily gage height, in feet, of East Branch of Penobscot River, at Grindstone, 1902-1909. Day. Oct. Nov- Dec. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1. 1902. 6.15 6.05 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.80 5.80 5.70 5.65 5.70 5.50 5.50 5.40 5.20 5.20 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 1902. 11 5.60 5.65 5.80 5.55 5.50 5.50 5.70 5.60 5.55 5.50 5.30 5.30 5.30 (a) 1902. 21 5.55 5.60 5.60 5.60 5.55 5.50 5.60 5.70 5.55 5.50 2 12 22 3 13 23 5.15 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.50 7.65 7.05 6.45 4 14 24 . . 5 15 25 6 16 26 7 17 27 8 18 28 9 19 29 10 20 30 31 o Frozen from Dec. 14 to 31. 58 WATER EESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily gage height, in feet, of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, 1902-1909 — Con. Day. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1903. 1 7.85 7.55 7.60 8.25 8.30 7.90 7.65 7.50 7.90 8.40 8.40 8.30 8.20 8.10 8.10 8.30 8.20 7.55 7.30 7.00 6.90 7.00 7.15 7.10 7.30 7.50 7.80 7.90 8.05 8.20 8.20 8.05 7.85 7.70 7.15 6.70 6.45 6.75 7.45 7.20 7.20 7.10 7.20 7.50 8.10 8.20 8.35 8.40 8.20 7.10 7.10 6.85 6.60 5.90 5.40 5.20 5.20 5.30 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.70 5.65 5.70 5.65 5.60 5.60 5.60 5.50 5.50 5.50 4.90 5.40 6.00 6.80 6.20 5.60 5.40 5.25 5.40 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.20 5.10 5.10 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.05 6.20 6.50 6.35 6.70 7.40 6.25 5.40 5.40 . 5.90 7.40 7.90 7.85 7.80 7.90 7.90 7.80 7.45 6.30 6.05 6.15 7.20 7.70 7.70 7.70 7.60 7.60 7.40 7.45 7.40 7.25 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.15 7.05 6.70 6.15 6.00 5.85 5.70 5.55 4.90 4.70 4.60 4.90 5.70 5.25 5.05 4.80 4.70 4.60 4.70 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.40 4.30 4.30 4.30 4.30 4.30 4.30 4.40 4.40 4.40 4.50 - 4.50 4.50 6.20 6.20 6.10 5.95 5.80 5.60 5.45 5.20 5.05 4.90 4.80 4.80 4.65 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.40 4.25 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.40 4.40 4.30 4.30 4.20 4.50 4.90 4.75 4.55 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.55 4.75 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.90 5.10 5.45 5.40 5.25 5.20 5.10 5.10 4.95 4.75 4.60 4.00 4.45 4.35 4.30 4.30 4.20 4.15 2 3 4. 3 70 5 6.. 7 3.70 8 9 10 11 12 13 3 90 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 4 21 22 23 24 (a) 10.00 10.00 9.85 9.30 8.70 8.40 8.25 25 28 27 4.30 28 29 30 31 a Frozen Jan. 1 to Mar. 24. & Readings Nov. 29 to Dec. 31 through ice. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1904. 1 10.30 10.80 10.25 9.60 9.60 9.40 8.40 7.65 7.30 7.75 8.30 9.05 9.50 8.65 8.60 7.30 8.70 8.15 8.40 8.75 9.00 7. 05 7.95 7.90 7.45 8.70 8.60 8.20 7.25 7.35 8.20 7.90 7.90 8.05 8.20 8.20 8.20 8.05 8.05 6.30 6.40 6.50 6.60 6.15 5.30 5.50 5.40 5.10 5.10 5.10 6.10 6.30 6.60 6.80 6.80 6.40 6.20 6.20 6.20 6.20 6.20 6.20 6.20 6.05 5.65 5.60 6.10 6.40 6.55 6.60 6.80 6.80 6.95 7.20 7.20 7.00 6.80 6.60 6.60 6.70 6.80 6.95 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 6.80 6.80 5.40 5.80 5.80 5.55 5.45 6.25 5.20 5.50 5.30 5.30 5.40 5.20 4.60 4.60 4.70 5.40 5.60 5.40 5.05 5.00 5.00 4.80 4.70 4.70 4.70 4.70 5.10 6.20 5.25 5.60 5.65 5.70 5.55 5.35 5.30 5.30 5.80 7.15 7.30 7.30 6.90 6.55 6.30 6.10 6.05 5.90 5.80 5.80 5.85 5.60 5.60 5.60 5.60 5.60 5.50 5.50 5.40 5.40 6.90 7.15 6.35 6,30 5.60 5.60 5.60 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.20 5.20 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 2 3 - 4.20 4.30 4 4.80 5 6 3.40 7 3.30 8 9 10 3.50 6.50 4.10 11 12 13 3.40 14 3.30 15 16 17. 3.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.70 7.00 7.20 7.20 7.75 18 8.00 19 20 3.60 21 3.30 22 23 24 3.50 25 8.00 STREAM FLOW. 59 Daily gage height, in feet, of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, 1902-1909 — Con. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. 26 1904. 8.30 9.00 9.20 9.20 9.90 7.20 7.90 8.70 8.90 8.70 8.70 5.20 5.20 5.20 5.20 5.90 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.10 5.20 5.20 4.90 4.85 4.70 4.60 6.05 6.10 6.10 6.55 6.90 6.20 6.10 6.00 6.00 5.75 5.60 5.30 27 4.40 28 3.20 29 5.30 30 31 3.50 3 80 Note. — River frozen Jan. 1 to Apr. 16 and Nov. 26 to Dec. 31. During frozen season readings are to surface of water in liole cut in ice. The following measurements of the thickness of the ice were made: Feet. Jan. 10 1. 15 Jan. 17, 24, 31 1. 35 Feb. 7, 14,21 1.7 Feb . 28 1. 85 Mar. 6 2. 15 Mar. 13 2. 1 Mar. 20 2. Mar. 27 1. 85 Feet. Apr. 4 1. 35 Nov. 29 85 Dec. 3 -•-.. .85 Dec. 10 1. Dec. 18 1. 15 Dec. 25 1.4 Dec. 31 1.6 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jime. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1905. 1 7.35 7.25 7.1 6.95 6.4 5.85 5.95 5.9 5.85 5.85 5.85 5.85 5.85 6.1 6.2 6.35 6.5 7.0 7.4 7.55 7.5 7.25 7.25 7.25 7.45 7.55 7.55 7.25 7.15 6.6 6.35 6.25 5.95 6.05 6.45 7.15 7.35 7.05 7.05 7.05 7.15 7.1 7.05 7.05 7.05 7.05 7.05 6.8 6.25 5.35 5.4 5.15 5.05 5.05 5.05 5.1 5.25 5.25 5.3 5.35 5.35 5.35 5.4 5.55 5.55 5.55 5.6 5.35 5.3 5.35 5.4 6.35 6.15 6.05 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.15 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.85 6.8 7.0 7.35 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 5.4 5.05 4.9 4.75 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.65 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.4 5.85 6.2 6.35 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.05 6.25 6.1 5.85 5.3 5.15 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.15 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.05 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.2 2 7.15 3 4 5.55 5 6 5.55 7 5.65 8.95 8.55 8.4 7.85 7.45 7.45 7.45 7.2 6.95 6.95 6.7 6.25 6.15 6.15 6.85 7.25 7.75 7.85 7.9 7.35 7.0 7.05 7.05 7.15 8 9 4.4 10 11 5.55 12 5.55 13 14 15 16 ... 5.65 4.4 17 18 5.55 5.25 19 20 21 5.55 22 23 4.9 24 25 26 5.55 5.55 4.4 27 28 29 30 5.6 4.4 31 Note. — River frozen Jan. 1 to Apr. 7 and Nov. 19 to Dec. 31. Diuing frozen period gage heights were read to the surface of the ice. The following measurements of the thickness of the ice were made: Feet. Jan. 7 1.8 Jan . 16 2.0 Jan. 21 2.0 Jan. 30 2. Feb. 6 2.3 Feb. 12 2.3 Feb. 18 2.3 Feb. 26 2.4 Mar. 4 2. 4 Mar. 11 2. 4 Mar. 18. Mar. 26. Apr. 2.. Nov. 23. Dec. 1.. Dec. 9.. Dee. 16., Dee. 26., Dec. 30., Feet. .. 2.3 ..1.8 ..1.0 .. .2 .. .5 .. .5 .. .7 -. .7 .. .7 60 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily gage height, in feet, of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, 1902-1909 — Con. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. .May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1906. 1 9.4 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.85 9.9 10.25 10.4 9.9 9.6 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.0 9.0 9.0 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.55 9.3 9.0 8.7 8.9 8.75 8.8 8.4 8.35 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.9 7.1 8.4 8.25 8.65 8.7 8.65 8.65 8.7 8.65 7.35 7.75 7.25 6.85 6.55 7.8 6.55 6.45 6.4 6.5 5.6 5.85 5.75 5.45 5.25 5.4 4.85 4.85 4.85 5.45 6.2 6.85 6.65 6.7 7.85 7.8 7.85 7.5 7.45 7.4 7.7 7.85 7.65 7.65 7.6 7.5 7.3 7.35 7.35 7.1 7.3 6.9 6.55 6.4 6.2 6.15 5.75 5.25 4.85 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.35 4.35 4.2 4.25 4.3 t\ 4.4 4.35 4.3 4.25 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.65 4.9 5.3 5.45 5.75 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.45 5.3 5.15 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.85 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.05 5.0 5.0 4.95 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 5.05 5.85 6.4 6.8 6.7 6.5 6.4 6.15 6.1 5.8 5.55 5.45 5.4 5.2 5.15 5.1 5.0 5.05 5.15 5.05 4.9 4.8 4.75 4.9 5.05 5.2 5.35 5.45 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.3 6.25 6.1 6.0 6.0 5.95 5.9 5.9 5.85 5.9 5.95 6.15 6.25 6.2 6.1 5.9 5.85 5.75 5.7 5.6 5.5 5 3 2 5.4 5.3 3 5.6 5.2 4 5 15 5 5.1 5.1 6 4.5 5.15 6.3 5.0 7 • 4.95 8 4 9 9 4.85 10 5.1 4.85 11 4.8 12 5.7 4 8 13 5.2 4.7 14 4.7 15 4 7 16 4.5 8.3 4 6 17 4.5 18 5.2 8.7 4.5 19 4.45 20 5.0 4.4 21 8.7 8.7 8.7 7.8 8.05 8.4 8.7 8.9 9.1 9.35 4.4 22 5.0 4.4 23 4.4 24 4.4 25 6.3 4 4 26 ... 4 4 27 4.3 28 4.3 29 4 3 30 4.3 31. . 4 3 Note. — River frozen Jan. 1 to Apr. 21 and Nov. 25 to Dec. 31, 1906, inclusive. During the frozen period gage heights were taken to water surface through a hole in the ice. The following comparative readings were taken: Date. Jan. 6.. Jan. 16. Jan. 22. Feb. 2. Feb. 5. Feb. 10 Feb. 20 Mar. 3. Mar. 6. Mar. 13 Mar. 18 Water Top of Thick- surface. ice. of ice. Feet. Feet. Feet. 4.5 4.5 0.8 4.5 4.5 .9 5.0 5.0 .9 5.4 5.4 .9 5.1 5.1 1.2 5.1 5.1 1.4 5.0 5.0 1.8 5.6 5.6 2.1 5.15 5.15 1.9 5.2 5.2 2.0 5.2 5.2 2.0 Date. Mar. 25. Apr. 6.. Apr. 12. Apr. 16. Nov. 25 Dec. 2.. Dec. 9.. Dec. 16. Dec. 23. Dec. 30. Water Top of surface. ice. Feet. Feet. 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 5.7 5.7 8.3 8.3 5.85 5.3 4.85 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.3 ^ Thick- ness of ice. Feet. 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.2 .1 .2 .3 .8 1.0 1.2 Note. — Gage heights were probably affected by log jams on Grindstone Falls during June and up to July 26, when the river was reported clear. From Aug. 27 to Oct. 16, inclusive, a jam of poles and ties at the bridge was reported. STREAM FLOW. 61 Daily gage height, infeet,ofEast Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, 1902-1909 — Con. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 4.4 4.4 4.35 4.35 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.35 6.05 6.3 6.5 6.55 6.45 6.35 6.25 6.2 5.95 5.95 5.95 5.95 5.85 5.85 5.85 5.85 5.85 5.85 5.5 5.35 5.25 5.05 4.95 4.95 4.95 4.95 4 95 4.95 4.95 4 95 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4 4 4 4 4.4 4.4 4 4 4.95 4.9 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.95 5.15 5.35 5.75 5.95 6.25 6.45 6.7 6.85 6.85 6.85 6.85 6.85 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.45 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4 5 4 5 4.5 4.6 4 6 4.6 4.6 4.6 6.65 6.4 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.45 6.6 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.85 6.85 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.25 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.45 5.5 5.75 6 4 7.9 9.0 9.55 10.1 11.6 6.85 6.8 6.45 6.35 6.45 6.45 6.55 6.55 6.6 6.65 6.65 6.15 6.1 5.85 5.85 5.85 6.05 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.75 6.75 6.45 6.5 7.0 8.75 8.95 9.55 10.05 9.8 12.05 12.15 11.4 10.5 9.95 9.65 9.3 9.5 9.6 9.65 9.75 9.85 9.8 9.75 10.0 9.95 10.45 10.7 10.5 9.95 ).45 ).5 ).35 ).l ).0 ).15 ).15 9.4 11.05 10.6 10.0 9.85 9.2 9.05 9.25 9.35 9.2 8.0 7.9 8.25 8.3 8.35 8.2 8.2 8.25 8.2 7.25 7.7 7.3 6.95 7.7 8.4 8.2 8.45 8.25 80.5 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.45 9.45 9.25 8.5 8.25 7.95 7.85 7.65 7.8 7.8 7.5 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.0 7.3 7.45 7.5 8.05 8.45 9.75 8.5 8.15 8.0 7.55 7.5 7.05 6.75 6.7 6.65 6.55 6.35 6.15 6.4 6.05 5.95 6.15 6.35 6.3 6.05 5.9 5.6 6.4 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.75 9.0 8.95 8.75 8.6 8.55 8.3 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.9 7.6 7.45 7.55 7.4 7.2 6.95 6.7 6.55 6.15 5.5 5.1 4.9 5.85 6.25 6.1 6.0 5.8 6.25 6.7 7.0 6.75 6.2 5.55 4.9 4.9 4.95 5.05 5.95 7.2 7.2 5.8 7.1 7.2 6.55 5.75 7.3 7.45 7.35 7.35 7.3 7.15 7.05 7.5 7.55 6.9 6.3 6.15 6.0 5.8 5.75 5.65 5.6 6.55 6.25 5.95 5.7 5.55 5.1 4.95 5.1 5.3 5.45 5.75 5.9 5.95 6.25 6.45 6.55 6.65 6.4 6.15 5.9 5.65 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.9 5.95 5.75 5.6 5.35 5.55 5.45 5.35 5.3 5.25 5.5 5.5 5.35 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.6 5.7 5.45 5.1 4.95 5.15 5.55 5.2 5.0 4.85 4.9 5.45 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.65 5 25 4.85 4.55 5.25 5.1 5.25 5.65 6.05 5.8 5.65 5.45 5.35 5.2 5.15 5.15 5.05 5.05 5.1 4.95 4.95 5.05 5.1 5.15 5.25 5.25 5.25 5.2 4.9 4.55 4.5 4.55 4.45 4.45 4.45 4.45 4.45 4.35 4.35 5.3 5.55 5.45 5.4 5.2 5.1 4.95 5.05 5.05 4.75 4.65 4.55 4.45 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.25 5.75 4.85 4.75 4.75 4.8 4.85 5.0 5.15 5.35 5.65 5.7 5.65 5.55 5.3 5.1 4.95 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.9 5.05 5.15 5.1 5.0 4.95 4.95 4.95 4.85 4.9 4.95 5.65 5.5 4.7 4.85 4.65 4.6 4.45 4.4 4.3 4.25 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.35 4.25 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.4 5.1 4.75 4.7 4.6 4.95 4.95 5.5 6.65 7.4 8.1 8.85 9.15 9.45 9.4 8.95 8.7 8.2 7.45 6.65 6.05 5.8 5.95 6.05 6.15 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.45 6.55 6.55 6.35 6.35 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4 3 4.4 4.35 4.45 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.65 4.65 11.1 a River frozen Jan. 1 to Apr. 23, 1907, about Jan. 3 to Apr. 22, Nov. 17 to 25, and Dec. 3 to 31, 1908.. Dur- ing 1907 gage heights are to the top of the ice, except during March, when there was a considerable depth of water on the ice. During 1908 gage heights were taken to water surface in a hole cut in the ice. Dviring May and June, 1907, the gage heights were affected by accumulations of logs at the bridge and below. 62 WATER KESOUKCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily gage height, in feet, of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, 1902-1909— Con. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1909.a 1 5.3 8.0 7.95 8.25 8.3 8.65 8.5 8.9 9.35 9.7 10.2 11.4 11.2 10.7 10.25 9.75 9.5 9.25 8.95 8.8 8.4 8.4 8.15 8.15 8.4 8.3 8.15 7.7 7.6 8.0 8.3 8.2 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.9 7.7 6.1 6.6 7.3 7.75 7.66 7.7 7.35 7.2 7.7 7.7 7.65 7.6 8.0 9.1 7.55 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.45 6.4 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.75 7.0 7.2 7.0 6.7 6.2 5.95 5.9 6.1 6.5 6.7 6.4 5.65 6.2 6.05 5.65 5.6 5.55 5.5 5.5 5.35 5.3 5.2 5.05 5.0 5.0 4.95 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.85 4.75 4.7 4.7 4.65 4.6 5.05 5.2 5.25 6.1 6.05 5.25 6.7 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.75 5.6 6.6 5.8 5.75 6.6 5.65 6.75 6.3 6.95 5.75 5.45 5.4 5.4 5.3 6.15 6.1 6.0 6.0 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.76 4.7 4.66 4.66 6.3 9.5 13.4 12.0 9.5 8.35 7.65 7.35 7.4 7.55 7.7 7.85 7.85 7.66 7.46 7.3 7.05 6.75 6.5 6.35 6.16 6.05 6.9 6.76 5.7 5.7 5.86 6.9 6.9 6.06 6.1 6.96 6.76 6.66 6.6 6.5 6.6 5.55 6.65 6.7 6.45 6.15 6.0 5.95 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.8 6.76 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.5 6.6 5.5 5.6 6.0 6.25 7.96 7.8 7.4 7.1 7.7 6.9 2 4.6 6.6 --■-■ 6.75 3 6.65 4 4.6 5.3 6.5 6.4 5 6.4 6.., 5.3 6.3 7.1 6.35 7 7.1 6.3 8 -- . 6.25 9 6.1 5.3 6.1 "s.'o" 6.15 10 6.1 11 5.8 ""5.'2' 6.2 5.95 12 6.9 13 6.1 7.8 5.9 14 6.15 15 6.5 5.2 6.15 16 6.1 10.5 10.1 9.3 9.2 9.5 9.8 10.4 9.85 9.75 9.6 9.2 9.0 9.0 8.6 8.2 6.1 17 6.06 18 5.4 5.2 ""'e.'o' 6.0 19 5.95 20 6.9 21 5.3 6.85 22 ... 6.9 6.9 6.7 23 24 25 6.3 6.9 5.9 26 .... 27 6.8 ""'7.'6" 5.8 28 . = 5.3 6.8 29 30 5.8 31 7.4 o Gage heights affected by ice Jan. 1 to Apr. 15 and Dec. 1 to 31, 1909. Gage heights Jan. 1 to Apr. 10 and Dec. 27 to 31, 1909, are to top of ice. Logs jammed on bridge pier Apr. 28 to 30, 1909. Rating table for East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, 1902-1909 fl Gage height. Dis- Gage Dis- Gage Dis- Gage Dis- charge, height. charge. height. charge. height. charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 3.80 140 6.40 940 7.00 3,130 9.20 8,380 3.90 160 5.50 1,030 7.10 3,310 9.40 8,980 4.00 185 5.60 1,130 7.20 3,496 9.60 9,580 4.10 210 5.70 1,235 7.30 3,686 9.80 10,180 4.20 240 5.80 1,345 7.40 3,880 10.00 10,780 4.30 275 6.90 1,460 7.50 4,080 10.20 11,380 4.40 315 6.00 1,680 7.60 4,285 10.40 12,000 4.50 360 6.10 1,705 7.70 4,495 10.60 12,620 4.60 406 6.20 1,840 7.80 4,710 10.80 13,240 4.70 456 6.30 1,980 7.90 4,930 11.00 13,860 4.80 510 6.40 2,130 8.00 6,155 12.00 16,960 4.90 570 6.50 2,285 8.20 5,620 13.00 20, 160 5.00 630 6.60 2,446 8.40 6,110 14.00 23,360 5.10 700 6.70 2,610 8.60 6,630 6.20 775 6.80 2,780 8.80 7,190 6.30 865 6.90 2,956 9.00 7,780 a The above rating supersedes all ratings previously published for this station. Note.— The above table is not applicable for ice or obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on dis- charge measurements made dxiring 1902-1909, and is well defined between gage heights 4.5 and 10 feet. STKEAM FLOW. 63 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, 1902-1909. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 1,770 1,640 1,460 1,460 1,460 1,340 1,340 1,240 1,180 1,240 1,030 1,030 940 775 775 855 855 855 855 855 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Ig 19 2C 1,130 1,180 1,340 1,080 1,030 1,030 1,240 1,130 1,080 1,030 855 855 855 21.. 1,080 1,130 1,130 1,130 1,080 1,030 1,130 1,240 1,080 1,030 2 22 z 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 735 700 700 700 700 1,030 4,390 3,220 2,200 4 . ... 5 6 7 8 9 10.. . . Day. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1903. 1 4,820 4,180 4,280 5,740 5,860 4,930 4,390 4,080 4,930 6,110 6,110 5,860 5,620 5,380 5,380 5,860 5,620 4,180 3,680 3,130 2,960 3,130 3,400 3,310 3,680 4,080 4,710 4,930 5,270 5,620 5,620 5,270 4,820 4,500 3,400 2,610 2,200 2,700 3,980 3,500 3,500 3,310 3,500 4,080 5,380 5,620 5,980 6,110 5,620 3,310 3,310 2,860 2,440 1,460 940 775 775 855 700 700 700 11, 700 13, 200 11,300 9,580 9,580 8,980 6,110 4,390 3,680 4,600 5,860 7,930 9,280 6,770 6,630 3,680 6,910 5,500 6,110 7,050 1,240 1,180 1,240 1,180 1,130 1,130 1,130 1,030 1,030 1,030 570 940 1,580 2,780 1,840 1,130 940 815 940 855 855 855 855 855 855 775 700 700 630 630 6,910 6, 630 5,620 3,590 3,780 5,620 4,930 4,930 5,27a 5,620 5,620 5,620 5,270 5,270 1,980 2,130 2,280 2,440 1,770 855 630 630 630 630 630 665 1,840 2,280 2,060 2,610 3,880 1,910 940 940 1,460 3,880 4,930 4,820 4,710 4,930 4,930 4,710 3,980 1,980 1,640 1,770 3,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,280 1,700 1,980 2,440 2,780 2,780 2,130 1,840 1,840 1,840 1,840 1,840 1,840 1,840 1,640 1,180 1,130 1,700 2,130 2,360 2,440 4,280 3,880 3,980 3,880 3,590 3,310 3,310 3,310 3,400 3,220 2,610 1,770 1,580 1,400 1,240 1,080 570 455 405 570 1,240 815 665 510 455 405 455 360 360 360 360 3,130 2,780 2,440 2,440 2,610 2,780 3,040 3,130 3,130 3,130 3,130 2,780 2,780 940 1,340 1,340 1,080 985 815 775 460 360 360 360 360 360 315 275 275 275 275 275 275 315 315 315 360 360 360 1,840 1,840 1,700 1,520 1,340 1,130 985 775 665 550 510 405 405 455 940 1,130 940 665 630 630 510 455 453 455 455 700 1,840 815 1,130 1,180 1,240 510 430 360 360 360 360 315 255 210 210 210 210 315 315 275 275 240 360 570 480 380 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 3,400 3,680 3,680 2,960 2,360 1,980 1,700 1,640 1,460 1,340 1,340 1,400 1,130 1,130 1,130 1,130 1,130 1,030 1,030 940 360 360 360 360 380 480 510 510 510 510 570 700 985 940 815 775 700 700 600 480 405 405 335 295 275 275 240 225 2 3 4 5 6 • 7 8 9 10 . . .. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 - - 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 10,800 10,800 10,300 8,680 6,910 6,110 5,740 26 27 28 29 30 31 1904. 1 1,130 1,130 1,130 855 855 855 855 855 855 855 775 775 855 855 855 855 855 855 855 855 2 3 4 5 6 7 8. 9 10 11 12 13 14.. . . 15 16 17 2,280 2,280 2,280 2,280 18.. 19 20 64 WATER EESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, 1902-1909— Continued. Day. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1904. 31. 1905. 1906. 2,610 3,130 3,500 3,500 4,600 5,860 7,780 8,380 8,380 10,500 7,630 6,500 6,110 4,820 3,980 3,980 3,980 3,500 3,040 3,040 2,610 1,910 1,770 1,770 2,860 3,590 4,600 4,820 4,930 3,780 3,130 3,220 3,220 3,400 7,780 4,390 5,040 4,930 3,980 3,500 4,930 6,910 7,480 6,910 6,910 3,780 3,590 3,310 3,040 2,130 1,400 1,520 1,460 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,700 1,840 2,060 2,280 3,130 3,880 4,180 4,080 3,590 3,590 3,590 3,980 4,180 4,180 3,590 3,400 2,440 2,060 9,580 9,880 10,200 10,300 10,500 11,500 12,000 10, 500 9,580 8,680 8,680 8,680 8,680 7,780 7,780 7,780 7,190 6,910 6,630 1,030 940 700 700 700 775 775 775 775 1,910 1,520 1,640 2,200 3,400 3,780 3,220 3,220 3,220 3,400 3,310 3,220 3,220 3,220 3,220 3,220 2,780 1,910 895 940 735 665 665 665 700 815 815 855 895 3,310 3,500 4,930 3,310 6,110 5,740 6,770 6,910 6,770 6,770 6,910 6,770 3,780 4,600 3,590 2,860 2,360 4,710 2,360 2,200 2,780 2,780 3,040 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,310 1,080 1,080 1,080 1,130 895 855 895 940 2,060 1,770 1,640 1,580 1,460 1,460 1,460 1,770 2,610 2,960 2,960 2,960 2,800 2,780 3,130 3,780 3,880 3,880 3,880 3,880 3,880 540 985 1,840 2,860 2,580 2,610 4,820 4,710 4,820 4,500 4,820 4,390 4,390 4,280 4,080 3,680 3,780 1,030 855 855 940 775 775 775 570 540 455 405 940 665 570 480 455 510 570 570 570 430 405 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 315 315 315 1,400 1,840 2,060 2,780 2,960 3,310 405 360 405 360 360 315 295 295 240 255 275 315 315 315 295 275 255 240 240 210 1,080 895 855 855 1,340 1,640 1,700 1,700 2,360 2,960 3,680 3,680 3,680 3,220 1,910 1,700 1,400 855 735 510 405 315 240 240 315 315 360 380 360 360 360 360 275 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 1,580 1,460 1,240 1,130 985 855 735 700 630 670 570 510 510 455 455 455 455 510 540 570 940 2,960 3,400 2,060 1,980 1,840 1,700 1,580 1,580 1,290 1,130 240 225 210 210 210 210 210 210 315 275 210 210 210 210 210 210 240 275 275 275 275 275 275 275 195 160 160 140 140 140 570 570 510 510 455 405 405 455 455 665 1,400 2,130 2, 780 2,610 2,280 2,130 1,770 1,700 1,340 1,080 855 855 855 855 855 360 360 360 360 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 360 455 455 455 455 455 455 480 570 665 775 985 1,240 1,340 1,460 1,910 1,700 1,580 1,580 1,520 1,460 1,460 1,400 1,460 1,520 STBEAM FLOW. 65 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, 1902-1909— Continued . Day. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1906. 21 6,910 6,910 6,910 4,710 5,270 6,110 6,910 7,480 8,080 8,830 6,500 8,680 7,780 6,910 7,480 7,050 7,190 6,110 5,980 3,680 3,500 17, 100 17,400 15, 100 12,300 2,130 2,280 1,130 1,400 1,290 985 815 940 540 540 3,780 3,310 3,680 2,960 2,360 2,130 1,840 1,770 1,290 815 540 7,780 7,630 7,050 6,630 6,500 5,860 5,160 4,930 4,710 4,930 4,280 3,980 4,180 3,880 3,500 3,040 2,610 2,360 1,770 1,030 700 570 1,400 1,910 1,700 1,580 1,340 1,910 2,610 3,130 2,700 1,840 1,080 570 570 600 665 1,520 3,500 3,500 1,340 3,310 3,500 2,360 1,290 3,680 3,980 3,780 3,780 3,680 3,400 210 240 240 240 240 360 430 570 855 985 1,290 2,610 2,440 2,360 1,910 1,520 1,240 1,080 700 600 700 855 985 1,290 1,460 1,520 1,910 2,210 2,360 2,530 2,130 1,770 1,460 1,180 1,030 1,130 1,240 1,460 1,520 1,290 1,130 898 1,080 985 898 855 815 1,030 1,030 898 630 455 405 360 405 1,240 985 700 600 738 1,080 775 630 700 700 700 665 630 630 600 570 510 815 700 815 1,180 1,640 1,340 1,180 985 898 775 738 738 665 665 700 665 600 540 570 600 600 600 665 700 738 815 815 815 775 570 382 360 382 338 338 338 338 338 295 295 855 1,080 985 940 775 700 600 665 665 482 985 940 775 735 700 630 665 735 665 570 510 540 482 482 510 540 570 630 738 898 1,180 1,240 1,180 1,080 855 700 600 540 540 540 540 570 665 738 700 630 600 600 600 540 570 600 1,180 1,030 455 430 430 405 338 315 275 258 315 455 405 360 295 258 240 240 240 240 1,770 1,910 1,840 1,700 a 1,460 1,400 1,290 1,240 1,130 1,030 600 600 1,030 2,530 3,880 5,380 7,340 8,230 9,130 8,980 7,630 6,900 5,620 3,980 2,530 1,640 1,340 1,520 1,640 1,770 2,060 2,060 2,060 2,060 2,060 2,210 2,360 2,360 2,060 2,060 405 360 360 360 315 315 275 275 315 295 338 405 455 405 405 430 430 315 22 315 23 315 24 315 25 315 26 815 27 275 28 275 29 275 30 275 31 275 1907. 1 2,060 2 2,060 3 2,210 4 2,210 5 2,210 6 2,360 7 2,360 8 2,360 9. 2,530 10 2,700 11 3,590 12 8,980 13 7,930 14 7,050 15 6,770 16 5,270 17 4,390 18 2,960 19 2,870 20 2,440 21 2,360 22 2,280 23 2,210 24 1,290 2,130 4,930 7,780 9,430 11, 100 15,700 1,700 25 1,520 26 1,400 27 1,180 28 1,080 29 1,030 30 985 31 940 1908. 1 8,980 14,000 12,600 10,800 10,300 8,980 8,380 7,930 8,530 8,830 8,380 5,160 4,930 5,740 5,860 5,980 5,620 5,620 5,740 5,620 10,000 6,360 5,500 5,160 4,180 4,080 3,220 2,780 2,870 2,780 2,700 2,610 2,530 2,360 2,060 1,770 2,130 1,640 1,520 1,770 600 2 630 3 6..... 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19. 20 a Although the river was frozen over Nov. 25 to Dec. 31, an inspection of the gage heights and ice notes for that period seems to warrant the application of the open-channel rating with a fair degree of accuracy. 15042°— wsp 279—12 ^5 66 WATER RESOURCES OE PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone^ 1 902-1909— Qontimie^ . Day. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1908. 21 3,590 4,500 3,680 3,040 4,500 6,110 5,620 6,240 5,740 5,270 8,680 5,160 5,040 5,740 5,860 6,500 6,360 7,480 8,830 9,880 11,400 15,100 14,500 12,900 11,500 10,000 9,280 8,530 7,630 7,190 6,110 6,110 5,500 6,500 6,110 5,860 5,500 4,500 4,280 5,160 5,860 5,620 2,060 1,980 1,640 1,460 1,130 2,130 2,610 2,610 2,610 2,700 4,930 4,930 4,710 4,930 4,500 1,700 2,440 3,680 4,600 4,390 4,500 3,780 3,500 4,500 4,500 4,390 4,280 . 5,160 8,080 4,180 3,310 3,130 3,130 3,310 3,130 2,960 2,780 2,610 2,610 2,610 3,220 4,080 4,180 2,960 1,980 1,770 1,580 1,340 1,290 1,180 1,130 2,440 2,210 2,130 2,960 2,780 2,610 2,700 3,130 3,500 3,130 2,610 1,840 1,520 1,460 1,700 2,280 2,610 2,130 1,180 1,840 1,640 1,180 1,130 1,080 1,030 1,030 898 855 775 665 630 630 540 670 985 1,580 1,460 1,340 1,180 816 640 382 630 600 670 570 670 510 510 510 610 510 570 570 540 482 466 465 430 406 665 775 816 700 666 816 1,240 1,680 1,580 1,580 1,460 1,290 1,130 430 382 338 296 295 295 295 296 258 1,290 1,130 1,340 1,290 1,130 1,180 2,700 1,980 1,520 1,290 986 940 940 855 738 700 630 630 670 510 610 610 510 482 455 430 430 1,980 9,280 21,400 17,000 210 210 210 210 210 210 316 700 482 465 405 9,280 5,980 4,390 3,780 3,880 4,180 4,600 4,820 4,820 4,390 3,980 3,680 3,220 2,700 2,280 2,060 1,770 1,640 1,460 1,290 1,240 1,240 1,400 1,460 1,460 1,640 1,700 1,620 1,290 1,180 1,130 22 23 2,210 2,280 3,130 7,050 7,630 9,430 10,900 10,200 24 25 26 815 940 1,180 856 700 27 28 29 30 31 1909. 1 1,030 1,030 1,080 2,520 2,610 2,210 1,770 1,580 1,520 1,680 1,680 1,460 1,460 1,460 1,340 1,290 1,240 1,130 1,030 1,030 1,030 1,030 1,030 1,580 1,910 6,040 4,710 3,880 3,310 4,500 2,960 2 2,700 3 2,360 4 2,130 5 2,130 6.. 2,060 7 1,980 8 . 1,910 9 1,770 1,700 1,620 10 11 12. ... 1,460 1,460 1,770 1,770 1,700 1,640 1,680 1,520 1,460 1 400 13 14.. 15 16 12,300 11, 100 8,680 8,380 9,280 10,200 12,000 10,300 10,000 9,580 8,380 7,780 a 6, 230 5,300 4,500 17 18 19 20.. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 .... 31 a Jam of logs on pier. Coeflacient of 80 per cent vised. STEBAM FLOW. 67 Monthly discharge of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone^ 1902-1909. [Drainage area, 1,100 square miles. a\ Month Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). Oct. 23-31.. November. Dec. 1-13... Mar. 25-31. April May June July August September. October Nov. 1-28.. Apr. 17-30. May June.. July August September. October Nov. 1-25.. Apr. 7-30.. May June July August September. October Nov. 1-18.. Apr. 21-30 &. May June July August September.. October November. . December. . . January February. . March April. . May June July August September . October November. December. . 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907 The year. 4,390 1,770 1,030 10,800 6,110 6,110 2,780 4,930 4,280 1,840 570 10,500 13,200 6,910 3,500 3,130 2,960 3,680 1,130 7,630 4,180 3,780 3,880 3,310 3,680 315 455 8,830 12,000 6,910 4,820 1,290 1,580 2,780 1,980 855 15,700 17,400 7,780 2,610 1,640 1,240 9,130 700 1,030 775 5,740 2,960 700 570 630 360 275 210 225 2,280 3,500 700 1,130 405 405 940 775 1,770 1,400 665 855 315 240 140 315 4,710 3,500 540 540 210 455 405 480 275 1,600 1,220 876 4,710 3,240 1,050 .2,750 1,740 634 342 502 4,810 6,830 3,160 2,440 1,700 1,030 1,810 882 3,840 2,740 2,040 2,140 820 910 220 374 6,810 8,150 3,540 3,100 377 708 1,040 1,360 459 1.45 1.11 .796 7.71 4.28 2.95 .955 2.50 1.58 .576 .311 .456 4.37 6.21 2.87 2.22 1.55 .936 1.65 .802 3.49 2.49 1.84 1.95 .745 .827 .200 .340 6.20 7.41 3.22 2.82 .343 .644 .945 1.24 .417 570 540 482 940 800 350 300 1,970 8,000 5,000 3,590 1,500 797 684 3,450 2,970 0.727 .318 .273 1.79 7.27 4.55 3.26 1.36 .725 .622 3.14 2.70 17,400 2,450 2.23 0.49 1.24 2.00 4.78 3.40 1.07 2.88 1.82 .63 .36 .47 2.28 7.16 3.20 2.56 1.79 1.04 1.90 .74 3.12 2.87 2.05 2.25 .86 .92 .23 .23 2.30 8.54 3.59 3.25 .40 .72 1.09 1.38 .48 0.84 .33 .31 2.00 8.38 5.08 3.76 1.57 .81 .72 3.50 3.11 .41 a Includes Chamberlain Lake drainage, 270 square miles. & A monthly mean for April of 3,180 second-feet has been obtained by estimating the discharge for Apr. 1 to 20. c Discharge during the frozen period, 1907, based largely on the natural flow of North Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket. Discharges for May and June, 1907, are rough estimates to allow as nearly as possible for the effect of log jams. Discharge Apr. 1 to 23, 1907, 600 second-feet. 68 WATEE KESOUEOES OF PENOESCOT BASIN, MAINE. Monthly discharge of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, 1902-1909 — Contd. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Eun-ofE (depth in inches on drainage area). Accu- racy. January. . . •February. , March April May June July August September. October.... November. December. 1908.O 1,980 1,340 10,900 14,000 10,000 4,180 1,580 1,290 1,180 1,180 630 928 688 1,040 2,710 6,930 2,960 2,340 838 511 380 434 175 0.844 .625 .945 2.46 6.30 2.69 2.13 .762 .464 .345 .395 .159 0.97 .67 1.09 2.74 7.26 3.00 2.46 .88 .52 .40 .44 .18 The year. 14,000 1.51 20.61 January February March April May June July August September... October November. .. December — 12,300 15, 100 8,080 3,500 1,580 21,400 9,280 5,040 2.960 4,280 1,700 630 405 430 1,130 1,030 440 770 5,070 7,580 3,910 1,860 764 2,470 2,880 1,930 1,470 0.600 .400 .700 4.61 6.89 3.56 1.69 .695 2.25 2.62 1.75 1.34 0.69 .42 .81 5.14 7.94 3.97 1.95 .80 2.51 3.02 1.95 1.54 The year. 21,400 105 2,490 2.26 30.73 a Discharge during the frozen periods, 1908, based on climatologic reports, the discharge of adjacent drainages, and one discharge measurement made under ice conditions. Second-feet. Discharge Apr. 1 to 22, 1908 1, 300 Discharge Nov. 18 to 25, 1908 300 b Discharge estimated for periods of ice conditions, 1909, based on studies of climatologic data and comparisons with other stations. Second-feet. Mean discharge Apr. 1 to 15, 1909, estimated 1,200 Mean discharge Dec. 22 to 31, 1909, estimated 660 MATTAWAMKEAG RIVER AT MATTAWAMKEAG. Mattawamkeag River rises near the eastern boundary of Maine and drains a country that is generally low and swampy, although there are on the river a few good sites for power development, none of which have been utilized. Dams are maintained at the outlets of several large lakes and ponds in this drainage basin, but the stored water is used only for log driving. The total area of the basin is about 1,500 square miles. The gaging station, which was established August 26, 1902, is located at the Maine Central Railroad bridge in the village of Mat- tawamkeag, about half a mile from the mouth of the river. The datum of the gage has remained the same during the mainte- nance of the station. It is 85.93 feet above mean sea level, as deter- mined by the Penobscot River survey of 1904. The discharge is STREAM FLOW. 69 affected by ice during the winter and is also occasionally affected by log jams for short periods in the log-driving season. When the chan- nel is unobstructed conditions are good for obtaining accurate dis- charge data. A very good rating curve has been developed. (See PI. IV.) Discharge measurements of Mattawamheag River at Mattawamheag , 1902-19C9. Date. 1902, July 31 Aug. 27 Sept. 16 Nov. 8 •.... 1903. Apr. 4 Apr. 25 May 18 May 25 June 11 Aug. 8 Sept. 11 Oct. 14 Oct. 230 1904. Apr. 15 Apr. 27 Oct. 20 1905. Apr. 13 May 5 height. Feet. 4.40 4.70 5.00 5.89 9.15 7.15 4.58 4.45 4.02 3.87 3.39 2.75 3.32 9.85 9.50 5.07 Discharge Second-feet. 1,170 1,600 1,680 3,050 9,780 5,410 1,260 1,110 742 558 340 121 300 12,600 11,400 1,760 10,740 4,150 Date. 1905 Jtme23 Oct. 24 Oct.25& Nov. 15 & 1906 Aug. 23 1907 Mar. 6 Mar. 26 May 8 June 4 1908 Mar. 20 Mar. 21 Apr. 15 N0V.2 Dec. IOC Dec. 23 1909 Apr. 30d Gage height. Feet. 4.91 2.65 2.62 3.61 5.94 10.84 6.54 8.58 8.46 6.70 5.03 5.38 5.40 Discharge. Second-feet. 1,460 117 104 250 482 752 15,000 4,180 2,270 2,970 4,380 1,670 1,100 640 12,400 a Measurement by wading. b Measurement by wading about 1 mile above gage. c Discharge affected by anchor ice. d Meter held at 1 foot depth and coefficient of 0.9 used to obtain mean velocity. Daily gage height, in feet, of Mattawamheag River at Mattawamheag, 1902-1909. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1902. 1 4.10 4.05 4.40 4.70 4.60 4.60 4.50 4.40 4.30 4.45 4.50 4.60 4.70 4.80 4.80 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.55 4.40 4.45 4.75 5.25 5.45 .5.40 5.20 5.10 4.95 4.90 4.80 7.85 7.40 7.00 6.65 6.35 6.10 6.00 5.90 5.75 5.65 5.45 5.30 5.25 5.20 5.30 5.65 5.45 5.45 5.25 5.35 5.30 5.35 7.25 7.05 6.70 6.45 6.40 (a) 1902. 16 5.00 5.00 4.90 4.85 4.70 4.50 4.40 4.40 4.40 4.35 4.40 4.40 4.25 4.30 4.35 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.85 5.05 5.20 5.15 5.00 4.85 4.70 4.65 5.05 6.80 7.80 8.00 5.40 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.40 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.45 5.35 5.40 5.55 5.70 2 17 7.00 3 18 7.45 4 19 7.80 5 20 (a) 6 21 7 22 8 23 9 24 10 25 11 26 27 28 29 30 31 4.60 4.70 4.60 4.50 4.40 4.25 12 13 14 15 a Frozen Dec. 13 to 16 and 20 to 31, 1902. 70 WATER RESOUE.CES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily gage height, in feet, of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag , 1902-1909 — Contd. Day. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1903. 1 9.65 9.35 9.05 9.15 9.15 9.00 9.05 9.05 9.45 9.90 10.10 10.00 9.85 9.60 9.45 9.10 9.00 8.85 8.60 8.45 7.90 7.40 7.20 7.10 V.15 7.25 7.50 7.55 7.45 7.30 7.25 7.00 6.80 6.70 6.75 6.65 6.70 6.85 6.70 6.40 6.35 6.20 6.15 6.40 6.15 5.80 5.30 5.20 5.10 5.15 5.20 5.20 5.20 5.20 4.95 4.90 4.95 4.85 4.75 4.55 4.25 4.00 3.95 4.00 3:95 4.00 4.00 3.95 4.00 3.90 4.10 4.10 . 4.30 4.60 4.55 4.55 4.55 4,60 4.45 4.30 4.20 4.20 4.15 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.35 4.55 4.50 4.40 4.40 4.35 4.20 4.25 4.40 4.40 4.25 3.95 3.80 3.65 3.60 3.75 3.95 4.35 4.70 4.70 4.65 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.45 4.25 4.20 4.10 4.35 4.60 4.45 4.25 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.90 3.90 3.80 3.70 3.60 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.70 3.60 3.80 3.90 4.00 4.00 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.00 3.90 3.80 3.70 3.70 3.60 3.50 3.40 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.40 3.40 3.50 3.50 3.40 3.30 3.30 3.20 3.20 3.40 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.40 3.30 3.20 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3 30 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.10 2.90 2.90 3.00 3.00 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.80 3.00 3.25 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.50 3.70 3.60 3.50 3.40 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.60 3.70 3.80 3.80 3.90 4.05 4.10 4.15 4.35 4.60 4.80 4.80 4.70 4.70 4.70 4.70 4.40 4.40 4.30 4.20 4.50 4.60 4.50 4.40 4.40 4.30 4.20 2. 4.10 3 4.00 4 3.90 5 3.90 6/. 4.00 7 4.10 8 4.10 g (a) 10.05 11.90 12.70 12.90 10.30 10.50 10.25 10.20 10.15 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.20 10.60 11.25 11.25 11.15 11.00 10.80 10.30 9.95 4.10 10 4.10 11 4.10 12 4.10 13 4.20 14 4.60 15 4.70 16 4.80 17 4.90 18 (&) 19 20 4.90 21 22. 23 24 . .... 25 26. 27 5.50 28 29 30 31 a Frozen Jan. 1 to Mar. 9. b Readings Dec. 18 to 31 through ice. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1904. 1 10.70 11.00 11.10 11.00 10.75 10.40 10.10 9.95 9.45 9.40 9.15 9.65 10.85 11.40 11.70 11.55 11.30 10.75 9.65 9.35 9.35 8.75 8.60 8.55 8.35 6.40 6.30 6.20 6.20 6.25 6.50 6.95 7 05 6.80 6.70 6.60 6.50 6.20 6.10 6.05 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 5.85 5.45 5.15 4.95 4.80 4.65 4.50 4.50 4.75 4.90 4.90 4.90 4.90 4.85 4.70 4.70 4.30 4.20 4.30 4.30 4.40 4.50 4.45 4.35 4.10 4.20 4.10 4.05 4.00 3.90 3.85 3.75 3.50 3.65 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.55 3.40 3.55 3.70 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.75 3.55 3.60 3.80 3.90 3.90 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.50 3.40 3.45 3.60 3.75 4.10 4.40 4.30 4.20 4.05 4.00 3.90 3.90 3.80 4.25 4.55 4.90 5.05 5.00 5.10 5.20 5.10 5.20 5.20 5.35 6.10 6.45 6.60 6.45 6.25 6.05 5.85 5.65 5.45 5.30 5.30 5.20 5.10 5.25 5.40 5.40 5.30 5.20 5.20 5.10 5.00 5.15 5.45 5.50 5.60 5.40 5.30 5.20 4.95 4.85 5.15 5.15 5.10 5.10 5.05 4.90 4.80 4.80 4.75 4.65 4.40 4.40 4.55 4.80 5.10 4.80 4.70 4.75 5.00 4.95 5.20 2 5.10 3 4.60 5.00 4 5.10 5 5.20 6 5.00 5.30 7 4.20 5.50 8 8.20 7.60 8.20 9.00 9.75 9.95 10.05 9.90 9.65 9.50 9.10 8.90 8.80 8.70 8.70 8.70 8.75 9.05 5 80 9 5.80 10 4.40 5 70 11 5 70 12 5.70 13 . . . 6.30 5 70 14 4.20 5.60 15. 5 50 16 5.40 17 4.10 5 30 18 5.20 19.. 5 10 20 6.30 5.00 21. 4.30 22 23. 24 4.00 25 STEEAM FLOW. 71 Daily gage height, in feet, of Mattawamheag River at Mattawamkeag , 1902-1909 — Contd. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 26 9.35 9.55 9.75 9.95 10.30 7.80 7.55 7.50 7.20 6.75 6.50 4.45 4.35 4.45 4.60 4.60 3.60 3.70 3.80 3.80 3.90 3.90 4.00 3.85 3.70 3.70 3.65 3.65 5.65 5.80 5.80 5.70 5.75 5.75 5.90 5.90 6.00 5.85 5.65 5.15 5.30 5.20 5.20 5.20 4.30 27 6.30 28 4.50 29 30 31 4.20 Note.— River frozen Jan. 1 to Apr. 7 and Dec. 21 to 31, 1904. surface in hole cut in ice. The following thicknesses of ice were measured: Feet. Jan. 3 1.2 Jan. 10 1.6 Jan. 17, 24, 31 1.7 Feb. 7, 14, 21, 28 1.7 During frozen season readings are to water Feet, Mar. 6, 13, 20 1.7 Mar. 27 1.4 Dec. 26 4 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1905.O 4.0 4.7 4.9 4.2 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 11.4 8.85 8.6 8.45 8.65 9.2 9.8 10.0 10.0 9.9 9.6 9.45 9.15 8.8 8.4 8.15 7.9 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.7 7.35 7.1 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.65 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.15 6.1 5.95 5.65 5.65 5.9 6.1 6.5 6.75 7.35 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.15 6.45 6.0 5.6 5.45 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.1 4.95 4.85 4.7 4.65 4.8 4.95 5.2 5.55 5.25 5.35 5.7 5.6 5.1 4.95 4.75 4.55 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.55 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.45 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.25 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.25 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.15 3.0 2.9 2.85 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.35 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.0 2.95 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.95 4.25 4.6 4.3 4.05 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.15 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.05 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.65 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.55 4.9 4.85 4.75 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 a River frozen Jan. 1 to Apr. 1, and Dec. 17-31, 1905. For the first of these periods the gage-height read- ings were taken to the surface of the water in a hole cut in the ice. The following comparative readings were taken: Date. Water surface. Top of ice. Thick- ness of ice. Feet. 4.0 4.2 Feet. Feet. 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.6 5.0 4.9 4.9 Date. Water Top of surface. ice. Feet. Feet. 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.1 Thick- ness of ice. Jan. 1.. Jan. 9.. Jan. 16. Jan. 22, Jan. 29. Feb. 5. Feb. 12 Feb. 20 Feb. 26 Mar. 5 . Mar. 12 Mar. 19 Mar. 26 FeeU Apr. 6, river clear of ice. May 8-9 and Nov. 3, no record; gage heights estimated* frozen over, but not safe to go upon; gage heights to top of ice 0.6 foot thick Dec. 31. Dec. 17-31, river 72 WATEK RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily gage height, in feet, of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag , 1902-1909 — Contd. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jime. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1906.O 1 8.7 8.4 8;o 7.7 9.7 10.4 10.6 10.7 10.8 11.05 11.1 11.1 11.1 10.9 10.7 10.7 10.4 10.1 9.9 9.95 9.55 9.25 8.9 8.8 8.25 7.5 7.2 7.05 7.4 7.2 6.55 6.5 6.4 6.45 6.8 6.8 7.2 7.05 6.7 6.8 7.35 7.1 6.9 6.7 6.6 6.2 5.8 5.4 4.9 4.6 4.45 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.05 4.65 5.05 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.2 4.9 4.8 4.55 4.45 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.35 4.4 4.25 3.95 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.85 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.75 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.65 3.6 3.45 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.35 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.05 3.15 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.45 3.5 3.35 3.25 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.65 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.65 4.4 5.75 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.65 5.45 5.2 4.85 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.55 5.95 6.15 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.05 5.9 5.8 5.85 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.3 5 4 2 5.45 3. 5 5 4 9.2 5 6.: 7 3.7 8 ... 9.5 9 5.7 10 11 12 8.5 13.... 9.5 14 3.7 8.6 8.6 9.8 9.6 9.75 10.1 10.55 10.65 10.7 10.7 10.75 10.8 10.6 10.6 10.4 10.4 10.3 15 16 6.6 17 18 8.6 19 20 8.8 21 22 3.8 23 6.9 24 25. . . 11.6 11.6 11.4 11.05 11.0 10.75 9.0 9.3 8.4 26 27 28 29 30 6.7 31... . 1 a The following ice condition prevailed during 1906: River frozen over Jan. 1 to 24; open Jan. 25 to Feb. 3; frozen Feb. 4 to Apr. 13; clear of ice Apr. 17. River frozen Dec. 4 to 31. During the frozen period gage heights were taken to water svirface through a hole in the ice. The following comparative readings were Date. Water surface. Top of ice. Thick- ness of ice. Date. Water surface. Top of ice. Thick- ness of ice. Jan. 7 Feet. 3.7 3.7 3.8 7.7 9.5 9.5 8.8 9.3 9.2 Feet. 3.7 3.7 3.8 7.7 9.7 9.3 8.6 9.5 9.4 Feet. 1.1 . 1.3 1.5 .6 .8 .8 1.1 .9 1.0 Mar. 12 Feet. 8.5 8.6 8.4 9.7 Feet. 8.7 8.7 8.5 9.8 9.9 5.8 6.7 7.0 6.8 Feet. 1.2 Jan. 14 Mar. 18 1.5 Jan. 22 Mar. 25 1.4 Feb. 4 Apr. 1 1.2 Feb. 8 Apr. 8 .... Feb. 13 Dec.9 5.7 6.6 6.9 6.7 .5 Feb. 20 Dec. 16 .7 Feb. 25 . Dec 23 .9 Mar. 4 Dec. 30 1.0 STREAM FLOW. 73 Daily gage height^ in feet, of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamheag, 1902-1909 — Contd. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1907.O 1 13.7 13.9 13.6 5.75 5.75 6.05 6.55 6.6 6.85 7.05 7.2 7.75 7.75 7.55 7.35 7.15 6.9 6.55 6.3 5.85 5.35 5.3 5.15 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.25 5.55 5.9 6.75 7.85 8.35 7.35 8.5 "s.ls" 7.85 7.3 6.9 6.7 6.45 6.45 6.3 6.15 5.95 5.4 5.4 5.95 6.05 5.95 5.95 5.85 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.05 4.95 4.6 4.25 4.15 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.1 7.85 7.4 7.05 6.85 6.65 6.4 6.2 6.05 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 6.0 4.25 4.15 4.05 3.95 3.95 3.85 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.65 3.55 3.55 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.55 3.55 3.55 3.55 3.55 3.6 3.65 3.55 3.45 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.35 6.45 6.75 6.8 6.65 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.3 6.05 5.75 5.55 5.4 5.35 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.85 4.75 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.55 4.6 4.6 4.55 4.4 4.3 4.4 3.35 3.35 3.25 3.15 3.05 3.15 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.75 3.45 3.75 3.8 3.95 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 4.25 3.95 3.8 3.9 4.6 5.0 5.55 5.65 5.45 5.3 5.15 5.0 5.1 5.05 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.55 4.4 4.4 4.7 5.15 5.6 5.2 4.85 4.8 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.55 4.75 5.15 5.8 6.45 6.85 7.0 6.75 6.55 6.4 6.3 6.05 5.85 5.7 5.55 5.4 5.3 5.15 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.95 5.45 5.6 5.7 5.7 2.65 3.05 3.7 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.75 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.95 3.3 3.4 3.55 3.8 4.35 5.6 5.6 5.65 6.05 6.2 6,25 6.6 7 3 7.65 7.8 7.6 7.25 6.9 6.6 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.05 5.85 5.65 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 4.8 5.15 4.9 4.45 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.25 4.45 4.55 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.05 4.2 4.3 4.4 5.8 2 5.9 5 8 3 6.6 5.9 4 6.0 5 7.2 6.1 6 5.95 8.3 'io.'es' 10.3 9.8 9.2 8.75 8.35 8.15 7.85 7.25 7.05 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.55 6.7 6.85 6.9 6.5 6.05 5.9 5.85 6.25 6.4 6.3 6.15 11.2 11.55 11.5 11.35 11.1 10.65 10.2 9.85 9.7 9.75 9.9 9.9 9.65 9.3 9.05 8.9 8.75 8.45 7.95 7.65 7.25 6.75 6.6 6.4 6.2 5.95 5.8 5.95 5.95 5.95 6.35 6.2 7 6.3 8 6 3 9 6.8 10 6.0 6.4 11 6.7 12 7.4 7 7 13 8.5 14 9.0 8.6 15 80 35 16 7.9 17 6.2 9.1 8.85 7.9 8.15 8.2 8.65 9.1 9.35 9.95 11.05 11.6 12.15 12.5 13.05 7.45 18 7 15 19 6.7 20 6.4 6.4 21 6.4 22 6.3 23 6.1 24 6.6 6 25 6.2 26 5.8 6.4 6.4 27 6.5 6.5 28 6.45 29 6.3 30 6.15 31 7.0 8.5 6.0 1908.& 1 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.5 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.6 4.6 2 4.7 3 8.0 4.9 4 5.0 5 4.75 6 4.8 7 7.8 "9." 65" 9.2 9.1 9.1 4.8 8 4.9 9 5.15 lo: 7.5 5.3 11 5.3 12 .... 5.4 13 5.4 14 : 5.4 15 7.3 6.7 6.9 7.0 7.05 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.55 8.15 9.05 9.7 9.85 10.45 5.4 16 8.5 8.5 5.4 17 5.5 18 5.6 19 5.6 20 . ... 8.0 8.6 8.5 8.3 5.1 21 22 23 8.5 5.4 24. 25 26. . 8.0 27 5.0 28. .. 29 30 31 a River frozen Jan. 1 to Apr. 18, 1907. During the frozen season gage heights were taken to water surface In a hole cut ia tlie ice. June 14, 1907, all logs out of the river. 6 River frozen from about Jan. 5 to Apr. 7, and from about Dec. 1 to 31, 1908. During the frozen season gage heights were taken to water surface in a hole cut in the Ice. Gage heights afiEected by log jams from about June 2 to 14, 1908. 74 WATEE RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily gage height, in feet, of Mattawamheag River at Mattawamheag, 1902-1909 — Contd. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. JTine. Jiily. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1909.a 1 9.45 9.35 9.1 9.1 9.35 9.5 9.6 9.45 9.45 9.7 9.8 9.95 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.15 9.85 9.75 9.45 9.2 8.6 8.2 7.95 7.8 7.55 7.0 6.65 6.45 6.3 6.3 6.15 5.85 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.55 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 4.85 4.55 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.65 5.05 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.55 4.4 4.3 4.15 4.0 3.95 4.25 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.45 4.7 4.85 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.15 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.55 4.4 4.3 4.15 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.65 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.55 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.55 3.75 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.95 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.75 3.6 3.65 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.35 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.45 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.65 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.55 6.35 9.0 10.15 9.9 10.0 9.85 9.4 9.05 8.6 8.05 7.4 6.95 6.55 6.1 6.0 5.85 5.65 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.85 5.1 5.45 5.75 6.05 6.4 6.5 6.45 6.2 6.3 6.1 5.7 5.45 5.55 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.45 5.8 6.8 7.9 8.25 7.95 7.55 7.3 2 7 05 3 4.2 6.75 4 11.3 6.7 5 6.8 6 7.0 7 6.9 9.1 6.9 8 6.85 9 6.45 10 8.3 6.15 11 9.65 9.05 8.9 9.4 11.2 12.3 12.65 12.7 12.75 12.8 12.8 12.6 12.5 12.25 11.9 11.5 il.05 10.65 10.25 9.8 5.85 12 5.7 13 5.6 14 7.1 7.8 5.6 15 5.5 16 5.5 17 7.0 5.6 18 5.6 19 5.6 20 5.6 21 7.2 7.4 5.6 22 5.7 23 5.7 24 6.3 5.8 25 5.8 26 5.9 27.. 5.8 28 8.9 8.4 29 30 31. 6.2 a Gage heights affected by ice Jan. 1 to Apr. 10, and Dec. 28 to 31, 1909. Gage heights are to water surface during periods of ice cover except' Mar. 28 and Apr. 4, which are to top of ice. Anchor ice was running Dec. 1 and 12. Logs cleared the bridge June 13. Rating table for Mattawamheag River at Mattawamkeag, 1902-1909. Gage Dis- height. Dis- Gage Dis- Gage height. Dis- height. charge. charge. height. charge. charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 2.50 86 3.90 590 5.30 2,080 7.40 5,920 2.60 100 4.00 660 5.40 2,220 7.60 6,360 2.70 114 4.10 736 5.50 2,360 7.80 6,810 2.80 134 4.20 818 5.60 2.500 8.00 7,270 2.90 160 4.30 906 5.70 2,660 8.20 7,750 3.00 190 4.40 1,000 5.80 2,820 8.40 8,230 3.10 223 4.50 1,100 5.90 2,980 8.60 8,730 3.20 258 4.60 1,210 6.00 3,160 8.80 9,230 3.30 295 4.70 1,320 6.20 3,520 9.00 9,750 3.40 334 4.80 1,440 6.40 3,900 10.00 12,520 3.50 375 4.90 1,560 6.60 4,280 11.00 15,570 3.60 420 5.00 1,690 6.80 4,680 12.00 18, 620 3.70 470 5.10 1,820 7.00 5,080 13.00 21, 670 3.80 525 5.20 1,950 7.20 5,490 14.00 24, 720 Note.— The above tabte supersedes all ratings . ble for ice or obstructed channel conditions. It is to 1909 and is well defined below gage height 12 feet, ublished for this station. It is not applica- ased on' 27 discharge measurements made diiring 1902 STEEAM FLOW. 75 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamheag , 1902-1909. Day. 1902. Aug. Sept. 736 698 1,000 1,320 1,210 1,210 1,100 1,000 906 1,050 1,100 1,210 1,320 1,440 1,440 Oct. 1,210 1,210 1,210 1,150 1,000 1,050 1,380 2,020 2,290 2,220 1,950 1,820 1,620 1,560 1,440 Nov. 6,920 5,920 5,080 4,380 3,800 3,340 3,160 2,980 2,740 2,580 2,290 2,080 2,020 1,950 2,080 Dec. 2,580 2,290 2,290 2,020 2,150 2,080 2,150 5,600 5,180 4,480 4,000 3,900 Day. 1902. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24. . .. 25 26 1,210 27 1,320 28 1,210 29 1,100 30 1,000 31 862 Aug. Sept. 1,690 1,690 1,560 1,500 1,320 1,100 1,000 1,000 1,000 953 1,000 1,000 862 906 953 Oct. 1,440 1,440 1,440 1,440 1,500 1,750 1,950 1,880 1,690 1,500 1,320 1,260 1,750 4,680 6,810 7,280 Nov. 2,220 2,360 2,360 2,360 2,360 2,220 2,360 2,360 2,360 2,360 2,290 2,150 2,220 2,430 2,660 Dec. 5,080 6,030 6,810 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1903. 1904. 12,700 18,300 20, 700 21,300 13, 400 14,000 13,300 13, 100 13,000 12, 500 12,500 12,500 12,500 13, 100 14,300 16,300 16,300 16,000 15,600 14,900 13,400 12,400 11,500 10,700 9,880 10, 100 10,100 9,750 10,900 12,200 12,800 12,500 12, 100 11,400 10,900 10,000 9,750 9,360 8,730 8,360 7,040 5,920 5,500 5,280 5,390 5,600 6,140 6,250 6,030 5,700 7,750 6,360 7,750 9,750 11,800 12,400 12,700 12,^ 5,600 5,080 4,680 4,480 4,580 4,380 4,480 4,780 4,480 3,900 3,800 3,520 3,430 3,900 3,430 2,820 2,080 1,950 1,820 1,950 1,950 1,950 1,950 1,620 1,560 1,620 1,500 1,380 1,150 14,600 15,600 15,900 15,600 14,800 13,700 12,800 12,400 10,900 10,800 10, 100 11,500 15, 100 16,800 17,700 660 625 660 625 660 660 625 660 590 736 736 906 1,210 1,150 1,150 1,150 1,210 1,050 906 818 818 777 660 660 953 3,900 3,710 3,520 3,520 3,620 4,090 4,980 5,180 4,680 4,480 4,280 4,090 3,520 3,340 3,250 1,150 1,100 1,000 1,000 953 818 862 1,000 1,000 862 625 525 445 420 498 625 953 1,320 1,320 1,260 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,210 1,210 1,270 1,050 862 818 736 953 1,100 1,100 1,380 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,500 1,320 1,320 906 818 906 906 1,000 1,210 1,050 660 660 590 590 525 470 420 525 525 525 525 525 470 420 525 590 736 736 736 660 590 525 470 470 420 498 375 445 470 470 470 470 398 334 470 525 525 525 498 375 334 375 375 375 375 375 334 334 375 375 334 295 295 258 258 334 375 375 375 334 295 258 295 395 295 295 295 295 258 375 334 354 420 736 1,000 906 818 590 590 525 258 258 258 258 223 160 160 190 190 134 134 134 114 114 114 114 114 134 190 276 334 334 334 334 334 334 375 470 420 375 334 3,340 4,000 4,280 4,000 3,620 3,250 2,900 2,580 2,290 2,080 2,080 1,950 1,820 2,020 2,220 375 375 375 375 420 470 525 525 590 736 777 953 1,210 1,440 1,440 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,000 1,000 906 818 1,100 1,210 1,100 1,000 1,000 2,220 2,080 1,950 1,620 1,500 1,880 1,880 1,820 1,820 1,750 1,560 1,440 1,440 1,380 1.260 818 736 660 590 590 736 736 736 736 736 736 818 ,210 ,320 1,440 1,560 1,950 1,820 1,690 1,820 1,950 2,080 2,360 2,820 2,820 2,660 2,660 2,660 2,660 2,500 2,360 76 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mattawamheag River at Mattawamkeag , 1902-1909 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1904. 16 11,500 11, 100 10,000 9,490 9,240 8,980 8,980 8,980 9,110 9,880 10,700 11,200 11,800 12,400 13,400 17,300 16,500 14,800 11,500 10,700 10,700 9,110 8,730 8,600 8,110 6,810 6,250 6,140 5,500 4,580 4,090 4,880 4,680 4,480 4,480 4,380 4,090 3,710 3,520 3,340 3,340 3,340 3,430 3,340 3,070 2,580 2,580 2,980 3,340 4,090 4,580 5,810 5,500 5,500 5,700 5,390 4,680 4,000 3,160 2,500 2,290 2,080 13,700 14,300 14,600 14,900 15,800 15,900 15,900 15,900 15,300 14,600 14,600 13,700 12,800 12,200 12,400 11,200 10,400 9,490 9,240 7,870 3,160 3,160 3,160 3,160 2,900 2,290 1,880 1,620 1,440 1,260 1,050 953 1,050 1,210 1,210 2,080 2,080 2,080 1,950 1,950 1,950 1,950 1,820 1,820 1,620 1,500 1,320 1,260 1,440 1,620 1,950 2,430 2,020 2,150 2,660 2,500 1,820 1,620 1,380 1,150 1,000 906 1,000 906 906 5,500 5,180 4,480 4,680 5,810 5,280 4,880 4,480 4,280 3,520 2,820 2,220 1,560 1,210 1,050 906 736 590 525 698 1,100 1,050 953 736 818 736 698 660 590 557 420 470 525 525 590 590 818 818 818 818 818 818 818 818 818 818 736 736 660 660 590 590 525 470 470 470 470 470 470 398 334 420 470 420 354 375 375 1,050 818 660 818 1,100 953 1,000 862 625 818 736 818 906 1,000 1,100 1,000 906 906 818 818 398 420 525 590 590 660 660 660 660 660 660 557 470 470 445 445 375 375 375 354 295 295 295 258 258 276 334 334 334 276 223 223 190 258 258 258 240 190 160 147 190 223 190 160 160 114 134 420 525 525 498 470 470 470 445 420 354 334 334 334 314 295 295 295 295 295 258 1,150 1,560 1,750 1,690 1,820 1,950 1,820 1,950 1,950 2,150 2,580 2,820 2,820 2,660 2,740 134 134 134 134 160 223 223 258 258 258 223 190 190 258 334 314 295 258 258 295 258 258 223 190 175 134 134 114 114 114 314 276 258 295 420 420 470 420 375 375 334 334 258 223 190 190 134 100 86 100 2,220 2,080 1,950 1,950 1,820 1,690 1,880 2,290 2,360 2,500 2,740 2,980 2,980 3,160 2,900 2,580 114 100 100 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 100 100 100 100 86 86 100 100 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 100 100 100 100 114 100 100 100 100 86 114 190 295 445 1,000 2,740 3,160 3,160 2,980 2,820 2,580 2,290 1,950 1,500 1,000 1,000 1,150 1,440 1,820 1,440 1,320 1,380 1,690 1,620 1,880 2,080 1,950 1,950 1,950 2,220 2,080 17 18 1,950 1,820 19 ^0 1,690 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1905. 1 100 114 114 334 375 420 420 420 420 420 470 470 470 470 420 420 470 625 862 1,210 906 698 590 590 660 660 660 660 777 1000 1,560 2 16,800 9,360 8,730 8,360 8,860 10,300 11,900 12,500 12,500 12,200 11,400 10,900 10,500 10,500 10,500 10,100 9,240 8,240 7,630 7,040 7,040 7,280 7,280 7,280 7,040 6,580 5,810 5,280 5,080 1,560 1,320 3 4 1,440 5 1,560 6 1,750 7 1,690 1,560 8 9 1,440 10 1,260 11 1,100 12 1,000 1,000 1,150 13 14 15 1,440 1,560 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 . . 30 31 1906. 1. . 8,980 8,230 7,270 3,520 3,340 3,160 3,160 3,340 3,520 3,250 2,980 2,820 2,900 3,160 3,160 2,980 2,820 2,820 2,820 2,980 2,980 3,160 3,520 2,220 2,290 2 3 2,360 4 5 6 7 8 9. . 10 11 12 L3 14 15 L6 L7 11,400 11,800 12,800 14,200 L8 L9 JO STEEAM FU3-W. 77 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mattawamkeag River at MattawamTceag, 1902-1909 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1906. 17,400 17,400 16,800 15,800 15,600 14,800 9,750 1907. 1908. 14,500 14,600 14, 600 14,800 14,900 14,300 14,300 13, 700 13,700 13,400 7,040 7,630 7,750 8,860 10,000 10,700 12,400 15,800 17,400 19, 100 20, 100 21,900 9,880 10,300 10,000 10,000 68,000 6,000 5,000 4,480 4,880 5,080 5,180 5,080 4,880 6,140 5,500 5,180 5,920 5,500 4,190 4,090 3,900 4,000 4,680 4,680 23,800 24,400 23,500 a21,300 «19,000 al6,800 14,500 13,400 11,900 10,300 9,110 8,110 7,630 6,920 5,600 5,180 4,680 4,480 4,280 4,1«0 4,480 4,780 4,880 4,090 3,250 2,980 2,900 3,620 3,900 3,710 3,430 16,200 17,200 17,100 16,600 15,900 14,500 13, 100 12, 100 11,700 11,800 12,200 12,200 11,500 10,500 9,490 9,100 8,360 7,160 6,470 1,260 1,750 2,360 2,500 2,500 2,500 1,950 1,560 1,440 1,150 2,740 2,740 3,250 4,190 4,280 4,780 5,180 5,500 6,700 6,700 6,250 5,810 5,390 4,880 4,190 3,710 2,900 2,150 2,080 1,880 1,820 1,690 1,560 1,690 2,020 2,430 2,980 4,580 6,920 8,110 5,810 8,000 7,500 7,000 6,500 6,000 5,000 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,500 3,000 3,000 2,500 2,220 2,220 3,070 3,250 3,070 3,070 1,100 818 818 818 818 818 818 736 736 557 470 8,480 8,730 8,730 8,480 7,510 6,920 5,920 5,180 4,780 4,380 3,900 3,520 3,2o0 3,160 3,160 2,980 2,980 2,980 2,820 2,660 2,980 2,980 2,980 2,980 2,820 2,820 2,660 2,820 2,820 2,820 3,160 862 777 698 625 625 558 498 498 498 498 498 445 398 398 354 354 354 354 398 223 258 258 258 258 295 334 354 375 4,000 4,580 4,680 4,380 4,090 4,090 4,280 4,090 3,710 3,250 2,740 2,430 2,220 2,150 1,950 1,820 1,690 1,500 1,380 1,320 1,320 1,210 1,210 1,100 1,150 1,210 1,210 1,150 1,000 906 1,000 314 314 276 240 240 295 375 420 470 525 525 354 498 525 625 660 736 100 100 107 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 625 525 590 1,210 1,690 2,430 2,580 2,290 2,080 1,880 1,690 1,820 1,700 1,560 1,440 1,320 1,210 1,210 1,210 1,210 1,150 1,000 1,000 1,320 1,880 2,500 1,950 1,500 1,440 223 190 223 223 223 223 258 334 375 375 334 334 295 258 190 160 160 134 134 134 1,440 1,320 1,440 1,690 1,820 2,430 3,070 3,430 3,710 3,520 3,520 1,440 1,440 1,320 1,210 1,100 1,150 1,380 1,880 2,820 4,000 4,780 5,080 4,580 4,190 3,900 3,710 3,250 2,900 2,660 2,430 2,220 2,080 1,880 1,820 1,690 1,560 1,620 2,290 2,500 2,660 2,660 107 206 470 906 L,000 690 498 420 420 470 470 470 420 420 375 334 295 258 3,710 3,710 3,520 3,340 3,160 2,820 2,660 2,660 2,360 2,080 2,500 2,500 2,580 3,2o0 3,520 3,620 4,280 5,700 6,470 6,810 6,360 5,600 4,830 4,230 4,090 4,090 3,900 3,710 3,250 2,900 2,580 2,360 2,360 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,980 2,820 2,820 2,820 1,440 1,880 1,560 1,050 1,000 1,000 906 818 736 736 736 660 736 818 862 1,050 1,160 1,000 906 818 a Record missing. Discharge interpolated. 6 Discharge estimated for Apr. 12 to 14, when there was no record. Also estimated for June 2 to 14, logs were running and jammed under gage. when 78 WATER EESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamheag , 1902-1909- Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May, June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1908. 1909. 4,680 4,680 4,880 5,080 6,250 7,630 9,880 11,700 12, 100 13, 900 9,490 10,800 16,200 19,500 20,600 20,800 20,900 21, 100 21,100 20,400 20, 100 19,400 18,300 17, 100 15, 700 14,500 13,300 11,900 5,600 4,580 4,280 3,900 3,520 3,070 2,820 3,070 3,070 3,070 3,800 11,000 10, 700 10,000 10,000 10, 700 11,100 11, 400 11,000 11,000 11,700 11,900 12, 400 13,100 13, 100 13, 100 13, 100 13,000 12, 100 11,800 11,000 10,300 8,730 7,750 7,160 6,810 6,250 5,080 4,380 4,000 3,710 3,710 2,900 2,660 2,220 2,220 1,950 1,760 1,620 1,210 862 777 3,430 2.900 2,820 2,660 2,500 2,430 2,360 2,360 2,360 2,360 2,360 2,360 al, 500 1,160 1,100 1,100 1,000 1,100 1,260 1,760 1,440 1,320 1,210 1,160 1,000 906 777 660 625 420 445 354 314 314 314 314 1,210 1,210 1,210 1,100 1,000 906 1,050 1,320 1,500 1,690 1,820 1,690 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,690 1,690 1,820 1,950 2,080 2,080 1,880 1,690 1,560 1,440 1,320 1,160 1,000 736 660 590 525 470 420 375 375 334 295 258 906 777 660 590 525 525 525 445 375 375 420 398 375 334 334 398 498 525 590 590 590 590 660 736 625 525 470 114 114 100 86 100 525 525 498 420 445 525 525 736 818 953 736 818 906 1,050 1,320 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,260 1,100 906 818 818 736 660 1,160 3,800 9,750 13,000 223 223 190 160 134 175 295 334 398 525 953 12,230 12,500 12,100 10,800 8,730 7,390 5,920 4,980 4i,180 3,340 3,160 2,900 2,580 2,360 2,220 2.220 2,220 2,080 2,080 1,950 1,820 1,820 1,820 1,820 1,950 2,080 2,080 1,950 1,820 1,690 736 736 660 818 736 590 698 818 906 1,000 1,500 1,820 2,290 2,740 3,250 3,900 4,090 4,000 3,520 3,710 3,340 2,660 2,290 2,430 2,820 2,660 2,660 2,660 2,660 2,500 2,360 2,220 2,080 2,290 2,820 4,680 7,040 7,870 7,160 6,250 5,700 5,180 4,580 4,480 4,680 5,080 4,880 4,780 4,000 3,430 2,900 2,660 2,500 2,500 2,360 2,360 o Discharge probably affected by logging for some days previous to June 13. STEEAM FLOW. 79 Monthly discharge of Mattawamheag River at Mattawamheag , 1902-1909. [Drainage area, 1,500 square miles.] Discharge in second-feet. . Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Accu- racy. 1902. Aug. 26-31 1,320 1,690 7,280 6,920 6,810 21,300 12,800 5,600 1,210 1,320 1,210 375 470 1,440 1,560 13,400 17,700 5,180 1,560 660 2,820 4,280 2,220 2,820 16,800 5,810 2,660 818 375 334 114 1,210 1,750 14,900 15,900 5,810 1,100 525 470 3,710 3,710 862 698 1,000 1,950 2,020 12,400 5,280 862 590 420 420 258 114 375 590 6,360 4,090 953 420 334 334 1,690 1,000 1,690 5,080 2,080 906 334 114 114 86 100 1,000 11,400 3,900 525 470 206 86 86 2,080 1,120 1,140 2,010 2,880 3,780 14,600 8,990 2,990 798 938 613 327 242 887 872 10,300 11,500 2,990 952 508 1,360 2.600 1,640 2.230 9,180 3,900 1,690 601 250 208 98.7 541 1,400 13,800 10,300 2,650 846 345 224 1,720 3,080 0:747 .760 1.34 1.92 2.52 9.73 5.99 1.99 .532 .625 .409 .218 .161 .591 .581 6.87 7.67 1.99 .635 .339 .907 1.73 1.09 1.49 6.12 2.60 1.13 .401 .167 .139 .0658 .361 .933 9.20 6.87 1.77 .564 .230 .149 1.15 2.05 0.17 .85 1.54 2.14 1.41 7.96 6.68 2.29 .59 .72 .47 .24 .19 .66 .37 5.88 8.84 2.22 .73 .39 1.01 1.99 1.22 1.11 6.60 3.00 1.26 .46 .19 .16 .08 .40 .56 4.79 7.92 1.98 .65 .26 .17 1.33 2.29 A. September A. October A. November .... A. December (15 days) B. 1903. Mar. 10-31 A. April A. May...... A. A. July A. A. September A. October A. November A. Dec. 1-17 A. 1904. Apr. g-30 A. Mav . . A. A. Julv A. A. September . . A. October A. November ... . . ... A. Dec. 1-20 A. 1905. Apr. 2-30 B. Mav A. June A. July A. August A. A. October B. A. Dec. 1-16 B. 1906.O Apr. 17-30 B. Mav B. June A. July A. August . .. A. A. October . . A. A. 1907. & January 1,850 1,000 1,290 21,900 24,400 8,110 8,730 4,680 2,580 5,080 6,810 8,730 880 480 470 1,290 2,900 1,560 2,660 906 525 1,100 2,360 2,820 1,330 740 694 6,690 9,070 3,970 4,260 2,350 1,500 2, 520 3,680 4,410 .887 .493 .463 4.46 6.05 2.65 2.84 1.57 1.00 1.68 2.45 2.94 1.02 .51 .53 4.98 6.98 2.96 3.27 1.81 1.12 1.94 2.73 3.39 D. D. March . . B. April A. May ■•■::•• •.: A. A. July . A. A. September A. October A. November A. December A. The year 24,400 470 3,430 2.29 31.24 a An estimate of 6,440 second-feet per day for Apr. 1 to 16 gives a monthly mean of 9,870 second-feet. A monthly mean of 1,740 second-feet has been estimated for December. b Discharge during the frozen period 1907 determined from an approximate ice rating. Discharge May 4 to 6, 1907, interpolated. Discharge Apr. 1 to 18, 1907, 2,330 second-feet. Discharge probably not affected by ice conditions during December, 1907, 80 WATER EESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Monthly discharge of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, 1902-1909 — Continued. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). Accu- racy. January... February.. March April May June July August September. October November. December. . 1908.a The year. January... February . . March April May June July August September. October November. December. . 1909. b The year. 13, 900 17,200 8,000 862 736 • 375 1,000 1,880 1,100 2,820 777 314 206 86 107 590 400 2,980 2,510 2,280 6,780 9,160 3,500 457 443 191 429 919 722 1.99 1.67 1.52 4.52 6.11 2.33 .305 .295 .127 .286 .613 .481 2.29 1.80 1.75 5.04 7.04 2.60 .35 .34 .14 .33 .68 .55 17,200 2,530 22.91 21,100 13,100 3,430 2,080 906 13,000 12,500 7,870 5,700 3,710 625 906 334 420 1,690 1,500 928 888 1,910 12,400 9,710 1,690 1,408 548 1,670 4,340 3,410 3,310 .619 .592 1.27 8.27 6.47 1.13 .987 .365 1.11 2.89 2.27 2.21 .71 .62 1.46 9.23 7.46 1.26 1.14 .42 1.24 3.33 2.53 2.55 21, 100 334 3,490 2.33 31.56 a Discharge during the frozen periods 1908 based on the 1907 ice rating climatological reports and on four discharge measurements made under ic3 conditions. Discharge Apr. 12 to 14 and June 2 to 14, estimated. Second-feet. Discharge Apr. 1 to 14, 1908 6, 660 Discharge June 2 to 14, 1908 4, 920 ?) Discharge for frozen periods estimated by study of climatologic data and comparisons with other stations. Second-feet. Mean discharge, Apr. 1 to 11 , estimated 4, 730 Mean discharge, Dec. 17 to 31, estimated 1, 670 PISCATAQUIS RIVER NEAR FOXCROFT. Piscataquis River rises in the hilly and mountainous region south and east of Moosehead Lake, flows for about 50 miles in an easterly direction, and enters the Penobscot at Rowland. Its slopes and valleys are generally steep, and the regimen of flow is therefore variable. Sebec, Schoodic, and Seboois streams, all outlets of large lakes having the same names, are the principal tributaries. The gaging station, which was established August 17, 1902, is located at Low's bridge, about halfway between the villages of Guilford and Foxcroft, and is just above the mouths of Black and Salmon streams. Water power is used at several manufacturing plants within a few miles above the station, and the river fluctuates considerably at the gage during low stages. The little storage on the river above this point is used solely for log driving. STREAM FLOW. 81 The gage datum has remained the same during the maintenance of the station. During the winter the discharge is affected by ice. Conditions for obtaining accurate discharge data are good, and a very good rating curve has been developed for medium stages. At high and low stages the curve is not yet accurately defined. Discharge measurements' of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, 1902-1906 and 1908-9, Date. 1902. Aug. 13 , Aug. 16 Sept. 10 Oct. 18 1903. Apr. 6 May 14 Do June 12 Do Do Sept. 16 Oct. 3a 0ct.31a Do Do Nov. 24a Gage height. Feet. 3.70 2.80 2.75 2.00 4.30 2.80 2.79 2.48 2.64 2.47 2.19 1.52 1.78 1.94 1.78 2.50 Discharge. Second-feet. 1,000 332 288 61 1,490 370 368 160 208 169 112 22 31 79 37 181 Date. 1904. Apr, 22 May 13 Do June 2 1905. Apr. 15 June 20 1906. Aug. 22 Aug. 31 1908. Apr. 6 Oct. 30 1909. Oct. 28 Gage height. Feet. 4.00 5.92 5.98 2.90 5.35 3.04 2.73 2.81 3.19 2.69 3.14 Discharge. Second-feet. 1,190 3,850 3,910 415 425 320 330 550 499 a Measurement by wading. Daily gage height, in feet, of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, 1902-1909. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1902. 1 2.45 2.35 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.35 2.55 2.55 3.3 3.6 3.25 2.45 2.7 2.95 3.15 2.05 2.65 2.55 2.45 2.4 2.3 2.9 3.15 3.1 2.95 2.75 2.5 2.7 2.35 2.1 2.15 3.9 3.55 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.35 3.1 3.15 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.25 3.85 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.05 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 (a) 1902. 17 18 19 20 21..- 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 2.45 2.75 2.55 2.5 2.85 2. 65 2.4 2.35 2.65 2.7 2.75 2.7 2.5 2.45 1.75 3.15 2.85 2.75 2.75 2.7 2.65 2.55 2.7 2.6 2.6 2. 55 2.2 2. .35 2.65 2.6 2.25 2.0 2.9 3.35 3.1 2.95 2.95 2.9 2.7 2.75 4.0 6.25 5.1 4.25 3.5 3.35 3.05 3.25 3.25 3.15 3.05 3.05 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.05 3.0 2.95 (a) 2 3 4 5 () 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 a Frozen Dec 6 to 31. 15042°— wsp 279—12- -6 82 AVATEE KESOURCES OE PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily gage height, in feet, of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, 1902-1909 — Continued. Day. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. ' Oct. Nov. Dec. 1903. 1 a3.9 4.05 4.25 4.25 4.5 4.05 3.9 3.75 4.5 5.4 8.45 10.9 9.6 8.95 7.8 7.05 5.8 6.1 5.5 6.55 6.75 6.55 6.8 7.25 7.05 6.15 5.8 5.3 5.0 4.65 4.4 5.05 4.85 4.75 5.0 5.35 5.05 4.3 4.6 5.8 5.7 5.6 4.85 4.55 4.45 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.55 4.45 4.4 4.45 4.1 4.05 3.8 3.75 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.25 3.1 2.95 2.9 2.9 2.85 2.9 2.85 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.55 2.55 2.55 2.55 2.55 2.55 2.55 2.6 2.75 3.15 3.15 2.95 2.35 2.45 2.35 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.35 2.3 2.25 2.2 2.2 2.05 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.15 2.15 2.25 4.7 6.95 4.8 4.25 4.25 4.05 4.0 3.7 3.8 2.95 2.75 2.75 2.7 2.7 2.55 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.25 2.35 2.25 2.25 2.35 2.45 2.55 2.55 2.45 2.4 2.45 2.45 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.35 2.35 2.6 3.05 2.9 3.15 3.15 2.5 2.45 2.65 3.8 3.65 2.7 2.55 2.55 2.45 2.45 2.25 2.25 2.1 2.35 2.55 2.85 2.85 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.25 2.3 2.85 3.0 2.75 2.6 2.4 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.3 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.05 2.05 1.85 2.35 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.75 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.75 1.8 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.55 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.05 2.1 1.5 1.7 1.75 1.75 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.7 1.95 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.95 1.65 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.75 1.75 2 1.75 3 1.65 4 1.65 5 1.75 6 1.6 7 1.75 8 1.75 9 1.75 10 1.75 11 1.7 12 1.7 13 . . 1.85 14 2.05 15 .... 2.15 16 2.35 17 2.05 18 ■ 2.0 19 2.0 20 2.15 21 3.75 22 .... 4.4 23 4.1 24 .... 3.85 25 3.35 26 3.3 27 2.9 28 3.2 29 3.2 30 3.1 31 3.05 o Frozen Jan. 1 to Feb. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July, Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1904. 1. 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14.. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 81 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.2 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.8 4.4 4.9 5.2 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.6 4.3 4.4 4.6 5.1 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.2 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.8 7.0 10.2 8.6 6.2 4.6 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.8 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.4 6.0 6.7 7.0 5.6 5.2 5.5 4.9 4.8 4.6 3.8 4.0 6.4 6.9 8.2 6.2 5.4 4.4 5.8 6.6 5.6 4.8 5.0 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.0 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.7 3.4 4.2 3.6 3.3 3.2 2.6 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.6 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.''7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.6 2,6 2.6 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.2 3.6 3.3 2.2 2.3 3.5 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 '2.7 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 3.0 4.5 3.9 3.5 3.2 3.4 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.6 3.0 3.1 3.6 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.4 STREAM FLOW. 83 Daily gage height, in feet, of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, 1902-1909 — Continued. Jan. 2.0 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.4 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.6 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.4 2.8 3.2 3.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.8 Feb. 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.7 2.8 3.2 3.7 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.2 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.2 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.4 2.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.4 Mar. 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 4.8 5.4 6.5 a 6. 6 8.0 3.5 3.2 3.2 2.8 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.8 4.0 Apr. 8.3 6.5 6.5 4.8 4.3 5.2 8.2 5.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.8 5.2 5.0 4.6 4.3 4.4 3.9 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.8 8.0 10.0 7.6 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.5 6.0 4.2 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.6 5.4 May. 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.7 4.1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.3 .3.3 2.9 2.9 2.9 5.8 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.5 5.2 8.1 6.5 5.1 4.6 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.5 June. 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.6 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.6 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.5 3.3 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 4.8 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.1 July. 2.4 2.8 3.7 3=3 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.2 3.4 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.6 Aug. 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 .8 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.7 Sept. 2.1 2.3 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.4 3.2 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.2 1.7 Oct. 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.8 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.7 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.3 2.8 2.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 2.2 2.2 3.8 4.2 3.5 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.3 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.4 3.4 Nov. 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.0 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 a Ice in river broke up Mar. 30; river clear of ice Apr. 7. River did not freeze at section near gage during 1905. b River frozen over through February and probably through January. Gage heights are to water surface in hole cut in ice. River open on Apr. 7. The following thicknesses of ice were obtained: Feb. 17, 1.4; Feb. 24, 1.1; Mar. 3, 1.2; Mar. 10, 1,0; Mar. 17, 1.5; Mar. 24, 1.7; Mar. 31, 1.5. 84 WATER SESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily gage height, in feet, of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, 1902-1909— Qoniimxed. Dav. 1908.6 Jan. 3.6 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.65 3.65 4.05 4.1 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.25 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.55 3.55 3.65 3.6 3.6 Feb. 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.25 3.85 3.85 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.9 4.7 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.0 3.6 3.6 3.55 3.55 3.4 3.4 3.4 Mar. 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.-2 3.2 3.5 3.5 4.4 4.4 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.4 3.55 3.55 3.55 3.55 3.55 3.55 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.3 3.4 3.4 4.4 4.35 3.85 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.35 3.5 3.9 4.25 4.1 3.85 3.7 3.6 3.6 Apr. 4.5 4.5 4.3 6.3 4.2 4.4 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.6 4.8 3.9 3.7 4.2 4.7 7.3 8.4 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.0 7.6 3.65 3.75 4.05 4.35 3.8 3.25 3.5 3.65 3.75 3.9 3.75 4.1 3.95 3.75 3.7 4.1 4.2 3.8 3.55 4.0 4.0 3.95 4.3 4.95 5.35 6.35 7.9 8.1 8.6 7.2 May. 9.4 8.6 7.0 5.5 5.5 5.9 4.9 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.7 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.0 4.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.5 4.4 4.0 3.6 8.1 6.75 6.7 5.7 5.55 5.35 4.55 5.25 5.55 5.25 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.1 3.95 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.35 3.3 3.3 June. 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.1 3.2 3! 2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.8 3.1 4.2 6.0 4.4 3.9 5.1 4.5 4.15 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.05 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.25 2.25 July. 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.0 4.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.5 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.8 4.0 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.2 2.1 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.8 1.8 1.75 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.65 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.15 2.2 2.25 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 Aug, 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.2 4.2 3.9 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.6 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.3 Sept. 2.3 2.3 2.7 3.0 4.3 4.5 3.9 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.6 Oct. 2.05 2.25 2.1 2.25 2.3 2.15 2.2 2.1 2.45 2.1 2.95 2.1 2.95 2.1 2.95 2.25 2.95 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.85 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.45 2.4 2.45 2.3 2.45 2.15 2.5 2.15 2.5 2.0 2»5 2.0 2.4 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.2 1.95 2.2 1.95 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.95 1.9 1.95 1.9 4.0 3.7 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.8 5.2 4.4 4.4 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 2.9 3.0 5.4 6.2 4.8 2.2 2.5 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.35 2.1 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.7 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.6 1.95 2.45 2.75 2.5 2.35 2.25 a River frozen over more or less completely from about Jan. 10 to Apr. 7, 1907. During the frozen season gage heights were taken to water surface in a hole in the ice. ^ Ice conditions prevailed from about Feb. 1 to 15, 1908, and it is probable that the discharge may have been more or less affected by ice conditions for short periods during the remainder of the winter months. STKEAM FLOW. 85 Daily gage height, in feet, of Piscataquis River near F oxer oft, 1902-1909 — Continued. Day. 1909.a 1 2 3 4 5 7 8. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 - 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 2.2 3.5 5.0 4.2 4.45 3.15 2.15 1.55 2.25 4.65 2.65 2.2 3.25 4.95 4.05 4.3 3.0 2.15 1 55 2 25 4.25 2.65 2.2 3.2 4.7 4.0 4.75 2.85 2.15 1.55 2.25 3.95 2.65 2.25 3.2 4.7 3.75 5.55 2.85 2.7 1.55 2.25 3.75 3.5 2.25 3.2 4.7 3.8" 5.6 2.85 2.7 1.55 2.5 3.75 3.5 3.4 3.35 4.7 4.25 5.45 2.5 2.55 1.55 2.45 3.6 3.1 5.25 3.25 4.5 5.1 5.45 2.7 2.4 1.55 2.3 2.7 2.9 4.25 3.25 4.5 5.9 5.45 2.7 2.3 1.55 2.3 2.7 3.0 4.25 3.25 4.4 6.05 5.3 2.65 2.2 1.55 2.25 2.5 2.95 3.9 3.25 4.4 4.7 5.45 2.55 2.2 1.55 2.25 2.45 2.95 3.75 2.G5 4.4 4.4 5.45 2.5 1.8 1.55 2.25 2.45 2.95 3.25 2.95 4.25 4.4 6.25 2.5 2.2 1.55 1.8 2.45 2.65 3.25 3.1 4.25 4.55 6.4 2.2 2.2 1.55 2.1 2.9 2.65 3.25 2.95 4.25 6.65 6.0 2.1 1.95 1.55 2.0 3.7 2.5 3.25 2.95 4.25 9.65 5.7 2.1 1.95 1.2 1.95 3.7 2.65 3.25 2.95 4.0 9.2 5.6 2.05 1.95 1.7 1.95 3.7 2.65 3.15 3.2 4.0 7.5 5.1 2.05 1.95 2.05 1.95 2.95 2.7 3.75 3.3 4.1 6.45 4.8 2.95 1.9 2.25 2.0 2.95 2.7 3.75 3.3 4.1 6.35 4.8 3.35 1.^5 2.15 1.8 3.05 2.7 3.2 3.5 4.1 7.15 4.35 3.7 2.3 2.2 1.95 3.1 2.7 3.0 3.5 3.8 7 3.85 2.8 2.3 2.2 2.0 3.1 2.6 3.0 5.3 4.05 6.5 3.25 2.8 2.3 1.8 2.0 3.2 2.8 2.95 5.5 4 05 6.4 3.0 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.0 3.2 2.65 2 5.65 4.05 6.0 2 95 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.9 2.65 2.95 5.8 4.05 5.6 2.95 2.3 2.0 2.15 2.0 3.05 2.65 2.95 5.75 4.15 5.6 2.95 2.3 1.95 2.15 1.7 3.1 4.1 3.2 5.7 4.75 5.6 2.95 2.0 1.95 2.15 2.3 3.1 3.9 3.25 5.6 4.8 5.6 2.95 2.2 1.95 2.15 4.7 3.15 3.7 3 25 4.8 5.45 2.95 2.15 1.95 1.8 12.75 3.05 3.7 3.25 4.85 4.95 2.7 2.15 1.95 2.15 6.1 2 85 3.55 2.75 4.6 2.7 1.95 2.15 2.65 Dec. 3.55 3.45 3.35 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.8 4.0 3.35 3.0 2.9 3.05 3.05 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.85 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.55 2.5 2.65 2.65 2.65 3.0 3.0 a No ice conditions were reported for 1909, yet it is believed that ice was present during the winter months. Rating table for Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, 1902-1909.^ Gage Dis- Gage Dis- Gage Dis- Gage Dis- he.ght. charge. he.ght. charge. : height. 1 Feet. charge. hexght. charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 1.00 5 2.30 123 '■ 3.00 868 5.80 3,610 1.10 7 2.40 U8 i 3.70 938 G. 00 3,970 1 20 9 2.50 180 3.80 1,023 0.20 4,335 1.30 12 2. GO 220 3.90 1,113 6.40 4,705 1.40 15 2.70 267 4.00 1,208 6.60 5,080 1.50 19 2.80 318 4.20 1,*03 G.80 5. 460 1.60 24 2.90 374 4.40 1,015 7.00 6,840 1.70 31 3.00 437 4.60 1,840 8.00 7,810 1.80 40 .3.10 502 4.80 2,085 9.00 9,860 1.90 51 3.20 569 5.00 2,350 10.00 11,960 2.00 64 3.30 G38 5.20 2,635 11.00 14, 160 2.10 81 3.40 709 5.40 2,940 12.00 16,360 2.20 100 3.50 782 i 5.60 3,2G5 13.00 18,660 a The above table supersedes all ratings previously published for this station. It is not applicable for ice or obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on discharge measurements made during 1902 to 1909 and is well defined between gage heights 1.5 feet and 7 feet. 86 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, 1902-1909. Day. Aug. Sept. 148 148 148 148 180 148 148 220 220 638 858 569 148 267 437 Oct. 220 220 220 148 148 123 374 569 502 437 318 180 267 148 81 Nov. 1,110 858 782 782 709 502 569 437 502 374 569 1,020 . 782 Dec. 437 437 374 318 267 Day. 1902. 17 148 18 318 19 220 20 180 21 318 22 220 23 148 24 148 25 220 26 267 27....... 318 28 267 29 180 30 148 31 90 Aug. Sept. 569 569 318 318 318 267 220 220 267 220 220 220 100 148 220 Oct. 100 220 100 64 374 502 437 437 374 267 318 1,210 4,340 2,490 1,400 Nov. 437 569 569 437 437 437 318 437 437 437 Dec. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Juno. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1903. 437 437 437 502 437 569 569 437 374 180 569 709 709 1,020 709 437 374 318 318 100 318 318 318 318 220 180 220 318 1,110 1,210 1,400 1,400 1,720 1,210 1,110 1,020 1,720 2,940 8,610 13,800 11,100 9,860 7,410 5,840 3,610 4,150 3,100 5,080 5,460 5,080 5,460 6,230 5,840 4,340 3,610 2,790 2,350 1,840 1,620 437 437 437 502 1,020 1,620 2,220 2,640 2,350 1,840 1,840 1,720 2,350 2,080 2,080 2,350 2,940 2,350 1,510 1,840 3,610 3,440 3,260 2,080 1,840 1,620 1,400 1,620 2,080 1,840 1,620 1,620 1,620 1,300 1,210 1,020 1,020 709 638 709 638 638 1,960 1,840 1,720 1,510 1,400 2,350 2,350 3,100 3,610 5,840 12, 400 9,020 4,340 1,840 1,400 502 437 374 374 318 374 318 267 318 267 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 318 569 569 437 148 148 148 123 123 64 123 5,840 3,260 2,640 3,100 2,220 2,080 1,840 1,020 1,210 4,700 5,650 8,210 4,340 2,940 1,620 148 123 100 100 100 64 64 64 180 100 100 100 1,960 5,840 2,080 1,400 1,400 1,210 1,210 938 1,020 437 318 318 , 267 267 220 180 148 148 148 123 123 123 267 709 ,400 858 638 220 64 64 123 123 48 48 180 148 220 1,020 569 709 569 437 437 374 374 374 437 267 220 220 148 148 100 100 81 148 220 318 318 374 220 180 123 123 100 123 318 437 318 220 148 100 100 100 123 51 100 123 148 100 81 81 81 81 81 100 100 148 148 148 148 267 81 64 64 40 148 64 51 31 64 51 31 31 19 24 31 64 51 31 51 24 40 40 40 31 24 19 19 19 19 19 64 64 64 180 220 220 220 220 220 100 858 638 100 123 318 19 19 19 19 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 31 24 19 19 24 180 148 123 123 64 81 19 31 40 40 40 40 40 1,210 1,210 858 782 569 569 437 437 148 100 220 220 220 220 267 40 40 40 40 40 31 64 64 51 81 123 148 100 148 81 100 64 40 64 24 40 81 64 51 40 40 40 40 569 569 437 437 437 318 437 437 437 437 437 437 220 437 502 40 40 24 24 40 24 40 40 40 40 31 31 40 64 100 148 64 64 64 100 1,020 1,620 1,300 1,020 709 374 569 569 502 437 148 318 318 220 318 267 220 220 220 220 267 220 267 180 148 STREAM FLOW. 87 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Piscataguis River near Foxcroft, 1902-1909 — Contd. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. 1904. 16 782 782 938 1,110 709 569 569 638 569 938 569 709 569 374 437 437 64 782 782 569 569 502 437 437 709 1,210 1,210 1,210 1,210 1,210 858 1,210 858 938 1,020 938 709 709 858 858 858 709 858 709 318 569 569 318 318 318 267 148 64 148 318 437 569 437 437 437 374 502 502 569 938 318 569 938 938 569 569 569 569 569 569 638 709 638 569 318 437 437 502 569 638 709 1,400 1,400 1,210 1,620 1,400 1,400 1,110 1,020 1,020 1,020 858 1,510 1,620 1,840 2,4Q0 2,6^0 2,350 2,080 1,840 1,020 1,020 1,020 1,020 858 782 437 220 220 180 148 148 180 180 220 220 220 220 148 318 437 437 502 569 569 569 2,080 2,940 4,890 5,080 7,810 1,210 1,020 858 1,020 1,210 1,300 1,210 1,210 2,080 2,640 2,940 2,940 2,940 3,970 5,270 8,410 4,890 4,890 2,080 1,510 2,640 8,210 3,440 1,960 1,960 1,960 2,220 2,350 2,080 2,6i0 2,350 1,840 1,510 1,620 858 1,110 1,840 1,960 1,510 1,400 1,510 1,620 1,620 1,020 782 3,610 5,080 3,260 2,080 2,350 1,620 1,400 1,510 1,210 938 437 858 782 638 709 709 782 1,020 1,210 1,720 1,620 1,620 1,400 1,210 1,110 1,110 502 502 638 938 1,300 638 638 638 638 1,020 1,020 709 569 569 569 502 638 638 374 374 374 3,610 4,340 4,150 4,160 4,340 4,340 3,790 3,100 2,640 8,010 4,890 2,490 1,840 2,490 2,080 1,960 1,840 1,720 782 782 180 267 267 267 267 267 220 220 220 220 180 502 437 267 220 374 318 • 318 318 220 437 437 318 318 267 148 220 502 502 437 437 318 374 638 782 709 569 502 374 437 318 374 374 318 180 638 437 709 709 709 782 2,080 1,400 1,020 782 437 437 437 318 318 220 220 220 220 123 437 318 318 267 267 267 220 180 148 123 123 123 148 123 123 123 148 318 938 638 437 318 318 318 220 220 220 220 180 180 64 64 100 64 64 81 81 64 64 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 180 64 148 148 148 123 100 100 40 81 81 100 709 318 318 180 220 220 220 220 180 220 220 220 220 220 374 437 374 267 220 220 123 100 148 100 782 437 318 437 437 318 318 318 267 220 220 267 267 318 1,210 220 220 220 220 220 437 1,720 1,110 782 569 709 1,210 1,020 782 709 569 64 100 123 123 123 100 64 40 123 123 123 123 123 123 31 100 100 100 64 51 51 24 51 51 51 51 51 51 19 19 19 123 318 318 51 51 40 24 100 100 1,020 1,400 782 638 318 318 267 148 148 148 64 858 569 437 318 220 318 374 437 318 374 318 180 220 220 148 64 64 64 64 31 64 64 64 123 100 64 31 64 100 64 51 100 148 220 100 100 100 81 64 51 40 123 100 100 64 782 858 858 858 858 709 709 569 569 437 437 502 502 502 502 437 638 709 709 148 17 148 18 81 19 318 20 437 21 318 22 318 23 318 24 318 25 220 26 318 27 318 28 569 29 437 30 318 31 318 1905. 1 148 148 148 148 148 5 64 81 81 100 100 100 19 123 123 123 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 40 64 64 81 81 220 220 180 148 123 123 100 81 64 100 100 100 123 123 100 100 100 100 267 148 81 123 40 100 123 220 220 267 100 64 123 148 148 148 148 123 64 64 31 31 40 100 100 51 64 64 100 100 51 51 220 220 267 267 267 267 220 180 148 180 180 180 148 220 180 64 64 148 148 569 81 2 100 3 100 4 148 5 148 6 148 7 148 8 148 9 100 10 64 11 100 12 180 13 . 220 14 220 15 220 16 220 17 100 18 81 19 100 20 64 21 64 22 64 23 64 24 64 25 64 26 64 27 64 28 64 29 51 30 51 31 51 1906. 1.- 569 2 1,020 3 1,020 4 1,020 5 938 6. 938 7 1,210 1,020 1,020 858 709 638 569 569 1,020 7,810 12,000 7,010 4,700 4,520 782 8 709 9 709 10 569 11 569 12 569 13 569 14 709 15 1,020 16 858 17 569 18 709 19 709 20 709 1 709 88 Daily dii WATEK EESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. in second-feet, of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, 1902-1909 — Contd. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1906. 21 4,520 4,890 4,890 3,970 1,400 1,840 2,080 3,260 3, 260 2,940 858 858 858 437 437 569 569 1.020 i;020 1,020 782 10,700 9,020 5,840 4,890 3,100 3,790 2,220 3,440 3,610 3,440 3,440 1,840 1,840 1,720 1,720 1,720 2,220 2,350 2,640 2,350 1,620' 782 709 709 709 569 709 782 1,620 1,210 858 9,040 8,020 5,360 5,270 3,440 3,180 2,860 1,780 2,710 3,180 2,710 1,620 1,720 1,720 1,720 1,620 1,510 1,300 1,160 1,110 1,020 858 782 674 638 04 123 123 220 374 220 220 100 100 81 858 509 569 437 437 437 318 502 569 569 569 569 569 437 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 180 267 220 318 502 1,400 3,970 1,620 1,110 2,490 1,720 1,350 1,020 709 709 569 569 470 318 148 148 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 100 123 111 111 111 148 569 374 374 374 220 220 220 148 220 220 3,260 ,3,260 3,100 2,350 1,620 709 709 782 709 502 569 569 638 638 502 374 318 318 318 318 318 180 437 502 502 1,020 1,210 782 638 509 569 81 58 58 58 40 40 36 31 31 31 31 28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 111 81 148 148 180 267 220 180 437 569 374 318 267 569 569 437 437 569 858 1,400 1,400 1,110 782 569 502 437 374 180 148 220 569 502 437 180 148 148 123 123 148 220 267 180 123 123 72 81 123 100 163 405 405 405 405 >374 345 267 267 163 163 163 180 180 180 148 123 64 64 64 64 437 220 148 100 318 267 318 148 100 31 123 123 267 437 1,510 1,720 1,110 709 709 638 709 709 569 569 569 569 569 569 569 569 437 374 374 374 502 502 437 437 318 858 111 111 90 81 81 81 81 111 123 123 148 148 148 148 123 90 90 64 64 64 100 100 100 100 100 318 374 437 437 638 1,400 1,020 938 1,020 709 709 1,210 938 782 1,210 1,210 858 782 1,020 2,640 1,620 1,620 1,210 1,110 1,020 858 1,020 1,210 1,020 709 709 709 709 709 638 638 569 374 437 2,940 4.340 2; 080 100 180 100 51 100 100 100 100 100 100 51 135 81 58 58 58 58 31 58 58 58 58 58 58 24 709 638 569 502 502 638 638 638 569 569 1,400 1,210 2,080 2,940 2,350 1,720 10,500 9,860 5,650 2,940 1,960 1,620 1,300 1,020 858 709 569 709 709 709 569 502 502 437 569 709 709 638 502 502 51 58 58 72 58 40 40 24 40 40 40 40 40 40 24 24 24 24 19 15 9 5 17 24 46 827 22 588 23 983 24 938 25 858 26 858 27 709 28 709 29..- 709 30 709 31 709 1907. 1 437 2 502 3 502 4 502 5 502 6 502 7 502 8 1,110 1,110 1,110 1,020 858 782 709 1,110 1,400 1,510 1,840 2,080 1,110 938 1,400 1,960 6,420 8,610 6,230 6,230 6,230 5,840 7,010 267 9 374 10 3,100 11 10, 100 12 3,260 13 1,020 14 1,400 15 1,020 16 938 17 858 18 709 19 709 20 709 21 709 22 709 23 858 24 852 25 888 26 858 27 858 28 858 29 .... 858 30 502 31 502 1908. 1 1,020 1,020 1,020 1,020 898 898 1,260 1,300 1,720 1,210 782 782 709 709 638 569 569 569 600 638 569 569 569 569 569 1,840 2,220 1,960 1,460 1,460 1,460 1,210 858 838 820 820 820 820 820 820 820 674 674 674 674 674 674 674 638 709 709 1,620 1,560 1,070 858 709 709 674 782 1.110 898 980 1,260 1,560 1,020 604 782 898 980 1,110 980 1,300 1,100 980 938 1,300 1,400 1,020 820 1,210 1,210 1, 160 1,510 2,280 2.860 100 2 163 3 220 4 180 5 148 6 111 7 111 8 111 9 180 10 180 11 180 12 180 13 40 14 148 15 148 16 148 17 148 18 180 19 180 20 31 21 163 22 148 23 148 24 163 25 148 STREAM FLOW. 89 Daily discharge^ in second-feet, of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, 1902-1909 — Contd. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1908. 26 437 820 820 898 858 858 100 100 100 111 111 709 2,710 1,460 820 709 709 709 1,460 1,300 1,070 938 858 858 4,610 7,610 8,020 9,040 6,230 1,400 1,2C0 1,210 980 1,020 1,460 2,490 3,790 4,060 1,960 1,620 1,020 1,780 5,180 11,200 10,300 6,820 4,800 4,610 6,130 5,840 4,890 4,700 3,970 3,260 3,260 3,260 3, 260 3,020 2,280 638 820 938 820 2,869 2,490 1,670 1,510 2,020 3,180 3,260 3,020 3,020 3,020 2,780 3,020 3,020 4,430 4,700 3,970 3,440 3,260 2,490 2,080 2,080 1,560 1,070 604 437 405 405 405 405 405 405 267 267 81 81 81 111 111 536 437 345 345 345 180 267 267 243 199 180 180 100 81 81 72 72 405 674 938 318 318 180 123 123 123 64 100 90 90 51 51 51 51 51 51 90 90 90 267 267 199 148 123 100 100 40 100 100 58 58 58 58 51 58 123 123 123 123 123 64 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 51 51 51 51 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 9 31 72 111 90 100 100 40 81 81 90 90 90 90 40 90 90 100 15 40 58 58 Ill 111 111 111 180 163 123 123 111 111 111 40 81 64 58 58 58 64 40 58 64 64 64 64 51 31 123 1,960 18,100 4,150 58 163 292 180 135 111 1,900 1,460 1,160 980 980 858 267 267 180 163 163 374 938 938 938 938 405 405 470 502 502 569 569 374 470 502 502 536 470 345 243 100 220 437 199 199 243 243 243 782 782 502 374 437 405 405 405 243 243 180 243 243 267 267 267 267 220 318 243 243 243 1,300 1,110 938 938 820 148 27 163 28 163 29 163 30 163 31 135 1909. 1 820 2 746 3 674 4 . . 569 5 569 6 569 7 638 8 638 9 638 10 . . 1,020 11 * 1,210 12 674 13 437 14 374 15 470 16 470 17 374 18 19 20 21 22.. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Monthly discharge of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, 1902-1909. [Drainage area, 286 square miles.] Discharge in second-feet. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Accu- racy. 1902. Aug. 17-31 . 318 858 4,340 1,110 437 13,800 3,610 569 5,840 1,020 858 148 180 148 1,620 40 100 64 318 207 1,020 638 64 64 100 51 19 19 24 24 209 287 558 600 367 4,260 1,770 286 687 228 207 42.8 49.1 62 317 0.730 1.00 1.95 2.10 1.28 14.9 6.19 1.00 2.40 .797 .724 .150 .172 .217 1.11 0.41 1.12 2.25 2.34 .24 17.2 6.91 1.15 2.68 .92 .83 .17 .20 .24 1.28 A. September A, October November Dec. 1-5 A. A. A. 1903. March... C. April B. May.... A. June A. July.... A. August A. September . B. October B. November B. December. B 90 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Monthly discharge of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, 1902-1909 — Continued. Discharge in second-feet. Run-Off (depth in inches on drainage area). Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Accu- racy. 1904. January 1,110 1,020 2,640 12,400 8,210 1,400 938 437 1,210 1,720 858 569 180 64 437 858 437 64 123 81 64 100 148 81 587 347 1,460 2,880 2,510 318 388 174 325 587 396 273 2.05 1.21 5.10 10.1 8.78 1.11 1.36 .608 1.13 2.05 1.38 .955 2.36 1.30 5.88 11.27 10.12 1.24 1.57 .70 1.26 2.36 1.54 1.10 B. February c March c April B. May.... A June A. July.... A. August A. September A. October A. November A. December. . B. The year 12,400 64 854 2.99 40.70 1905. January 1,210 1,400 7,810 8,410 1,720 782 938 148 267 123 220 220 64 318 148 782 374 148 64 5 31 19 31 51 788 674 1,120 2,460 858 394 200 96.4 103 76.1 82.2 108 2.76 2.36 3.92 8.60 3.00 1.38 .599 .337 .360 .266 .287 .378 3.18 2.46 4.52 9.60 3.46 1.54 .81 .39 .40 .31 .32 .44 B. February C. March C. April B. May.... A. June A. July.. . A. August B. September . . . B. October B. B. December. B. The year 8,410 5 579 2.02 27.38 1906. Apr. 7-30O 12,000 8,010 2,080 709 569 569 1,400 858 1,020 569 437 64 40 64 31 24 437 569 3,200 2,320 461 220 185 207 464 627 776 11.2 8.11 1.61 .769 .647 .724 1.62 2.19 2.71 10.00 9.35 1.80 .87 .75 .81 1.87 2.44 3.12 B. May . . A. June A. July.... A. August A. September A. October A. A. December A. 1907.6 January 1,300 499 250 300 2,400 2,650 618 913 447 598 1,190 1,880 1,190 1.75 .874 1.05 8.39 9.27 2.16 3.19 1.56 2.09 4.16 6.57 4.16 2.02 .91 1.21 9.36 10.69 2.41 3.68 1.80 2.33 4.80 7.33 4.80 D. D. March D. April.. 8,610 10, 700 3,970 3,260 1,400 1,720 4,340 10,500 10, 100 A. May 569 180 180 123 123 374 437 267 A. A. July A. A. September A. October A. November A. December A. 10, 700 1,080 3.77 51.34 1908. 1,720 2,220 1,620 9,040 9,040 2,490 100 405 148 292 437 220 437 822 796 880 2,190 2,370 408 68.1 171 95 92.6 67.6 148 2.87 2.78 3.08 7.66 8.29 1.43 .238 .598 .332 .324 .236 .518 3.31 3.00 3.55 8.55 9.56 1.60 .27 .69 .37 .37 .26 .60 D, February D. March 638 604 638 81 28 51 16 24 5 31 D. April... A. May A. June . . A. July B. A. September B. October B. November B. December C. The year 9,040 5 676 2.36 32.13 a An estimate of 550 second-feet per day for Apr. 1 to 6 gives a monthi jr mean of 2,670 second-feet for April. b Estimates of discharge during the frozen periods 1907-8, based on chmatological reports and the discharge of adjacent drainages. STEEAM FLOW. 91 Monthly discharge of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, i90^-^909^Continued. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage Accu- racy. January — February . . March April May June July August September. October. . . . November. 1909.a The year. 2,710 11,200 4,700 938 267 111 18, 100 1,900 1,300 1,210 267 64 40 9 31 163 180 150 500 3,710 2,020 249 99.4 51.7 885 600 447 449 1.03 .524 1.75 13.00 7.06 .871 .348 .181 3.09 2.10 1.56 1.57 1.19 .55 2.02 14.50 8.14 .97 .40 .21 3.45 2.42 1.74 1.81 18, 100 788 2.76 37.40 a Discharge for periods of probable ice conditions has been estimated from study of climatologie data and comparisons with other stations. Second-feet. Mean discharge, Jan. 9 to 31, estimated 164 Mean discharge, Dec. 18 to 31, estimated 217 COLD STREAM AT ENFIELD. Cold Stream is the outlet from Cold Stream Pond — really a series of ponds comprising a total area of water surface of about 10 square miles, the largest, which is mostly in the town of Enfield, having about 8 square miles area. Cold Stream flows into Passadumkeag Stream, a tributary of the Penobscot, at a distance of some 4 J miles from Cold Stream Pond, and drains a total area comprising about 37 square miles. Its basin is for the most part wooded and only sparsely settled. During the first half mile the stream falls rapidly, but for the rest of its course it traverses a great swamp, through which it winds with sluggish cur- rent. Near the village of Enfield a fall of perhaps 10 to 12 feet has in the past been developed for power for a sawmill and shingle mill but is not now in use. This drainage basin has been considered as a source of water supply for the district which includes Bangor and some other adjacent towns. This station, which was established June 14, 1904, and discontinued December 31, 1906, was located at the highway bridge about three- fourths of a mile south of Enfield on the road to Passadumkeag. During the summer it was found that the gage was within the influ- ence of backwater from Passadumkeag Stream, and consequently, on September 12, 1904, the gage was removed to a point about 200 feet below the old mill, near Enfield post office. The drainage area at this point is about 26 square miles. 92 WATER RESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Discharge measurements of Cold Stream at Enfield, 1904-1906. Date. 1904. Sept. 9 Oct. 12 Oct. 21 Nov. 4 1905. Apr. 28 Mays Mays May 2G Gage height. Feet. 2.72 'ilb 2.92 2.90 2.68 3.33 2.63 2.78 Discharge. Sec.-ft. 36 37 56 54 22.6 168 29.3 52 Date. 1905— Continued. May 26 Do June 24 Oct. 23 Nov. 28 1906. Feb. 24 Apr. 13 Apr. 30 Gage height. Feet. 2.78 2.78 2.80 2.68 2.64 2.66 3.04 3.10 Discharge. Sec.-ft. 55 42 52 21.3 15.9 Daily gage height, in feet, of Cold Stream at Enfield, 1904-1906. Day. 1904. Sept. 2.4 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9 Oct. 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 Nov. 2.9 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 Dee. 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 Day. 1904. 17 2.9 18 2.9 19 2.8 20 2.8 21 2.8 22 2.8 23 2.8 24 2.9 25 . - 2.9 26 2.8 27 2.8 28 2.8 29 2.8 30 3.0 31 Sept. Oct. 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Nov. 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 Dec. 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 Day. 1905 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.0 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 a 2. 9 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 a River was frozen Dec. 11-13; ice reached a thickness of 0.3 foot. STEEAM FLOW. 93 Daily gage height^ in feet, of Cold Stream at Enfield, 1904-1906 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1905. 26 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.6 3.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 27 2.6 28 2.6 29 2.6 30 2.6 31 2.6 1906. 1 2.6 2 2.6 3 2.6 4 2.6 5 04.0 6 a 2. 9 7 2,7 8 2.7 9 2.6 10 2.6 11 2.7 12 2.7 13 2.6 14:: 2.7 15 2.7 16 2.7 17 2.7 18 2.7 19 2.6 20 . .. 2.6 21 2.6 22 2.8 23 2.8 24 2.8 25 2.7 26 2.7 27 2.6 28 2.6 29 2.7 30 2.7 31 2.8 1 1 a Backwater from anchor ice on riffles below station. Note.— Ice does not usually form at this station. It sometimes forms to a thickness of 0.2 foot during the night but invariably goes out during the day. The folio-wing thicknesses of ice were obtained: Feb. 3, 2 inches; Feb. 15, 2 inches; Mar. 12, 2 inches; Mar. 13, 1 inch; Mar. 23, 2 inches. Rating table for Cold Stream at Enfield, 1904-1906. Gage Dis- Gage Dis- Gage Dis- Gage Dis- height. charge. height. charge. height. charge. height. charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 2.40 2 2.90 52 3.40 158 3.90 316 2.50 6 3.00 69 3.50 186 4.00 353 2.60 12 3.10 88 3.60 216 2.70 24 3.20 109 3.70 248 2.80 37 3.30 132 3.80 281 Note.— The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on 8 discharge measurements made during 1904-1906 and is fairly well defined between gage heights 2.6 feet and 3.2 feet. Below gage height 2.6 feet it is very uncertaia. 94 WATEK KESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cold Stream at Enfield, 1904-1906. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1904. 1 52 52 52 52 69 37 37 37 52 37 6 24 24 24 •24 37 52 37 37 69 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 24 24 24 24 12 24 24 24 37 37 24 24 24 37 24 37 37 24 12 12 1904. 17 52 52 37 37 37 37 37 52 52 37 37 37 37 69 69 69 69 69 37 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 24 52 37 24 37 37 24 12 24 37 37 37 24 12 o^ 2 18 24 3 4 19 12 20 24 5 21 12 6 22 24 7 23 24 3 24 24 9 25 12 10 2 37 37 24 24 52 52 26 12 11 27 24 12 28 24 13 29 12 14 30 24 15 31 12 16 Day. 1905. 1906. Jan. Feb. Mar. I Apr. 12 24 2 24 12 12 12 12 12 12 6 12 12 12 12 6 12 24 12 24 12 24 24 24 24 12 ! 24 24 1 24 24 37 24 24 24 24 24 12 24 24 24 12 12 24 12 12 24 12 12 12 24 37 216 248 52 52 132 69 69 May. 316 216 158 158 88 52 24 12 12 109 109 69 June. 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 158 316 281 281 281 248 ly. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 24 24 6 24 12 24 12 6 24 12 37 12 12 24 24 37 6 12 12 24 37 6 24 12 24 37 6 12 24 24 24 6 12 24 24 24 6 37 12 12 37 6 37 12 12 37 6 37 12 12 37 6 37 12 24 37 2 37 24 24 37 2 37 24 12 52 2 37 24 12 52 2 24 24 24 37 6 24 24 24 24 6 24 12 24 37 6 24 12 24 37 6 37 12 12 37 6 37 12 12 37 6 37 24 12 52 6 24N 12 12 37 6 24 12 12 37 6 24 12 12 52 6 24 24 12 37 6 24 24 12 37 12 37 12 12 52 6 37 24 24 37 6 37 24 24 24 6 37 24 24 12 6 24 69 37 24 37 12 69 37 24 37 12 69 37 24 52 12 88 37 37 37 12 88 52 37 37 12 88 52 24 24 24 69 52 24 24 24 69 37 24 24 24 69 37 24 24 24 69 37 24 37 24 69 37 24 24 12 69 37 24 24 12 69 37 24 24 24 69 37 24 24 24 69 37 24 24 24 Dec. 24 12 12 12 12 12 24 24 24 12 a 10 a 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 24 24 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 &12 6 24 24 24 12 12 24 24 12 24 24 a River frozen . D ischarge estimated . b Discharge corrected for backwater effect. STREAM FLOW. 95 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cold Stream at Enfield, 1904-1906 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1906. 16 12 24 24 12 12 24 24 24 12 12 24 24 12 12 12 12 24 24 24 24 24 12 24 24 24 24 24 12 12 6 6 24 24 24 24 6 12 24 24 24 12 12 37 24 24 69 132 88 52 52 52 52 132 132 132 88 88 88 88 88 109 132 132 158 158 158 132 132 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 88 216 248 248 216 216 158 88 69 69 88 88 88 109 109 88 88 88 69 69 69 69 69 69 52 52 52 52 37 37 37 37 24 24 24 24 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 24 24 37 37 24 37 24 24 37 24 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 12 37 37 37 24 24 12 12 24 24 12 24 37 24 24 ol8 24 24 24 24 24 37 37 37 37 24 24 24 24 24 12 24 17 24 18 24 19 12 20 12 21 12 22 37 23 37 24 37 25 - - 24 26 24 27 12 28 12 29 24 30 24 31 37 a No record; discharge interpolated. Monthly discharge of Cold Stream at Enfield, 1904-1906. [Drainage area, 26 square miles.] Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). 1904 Sept. 10-30 October November December 1905, January February March April May June July August September October November December a The year 1906 January February March April May June July August September October November December & The year 52 37 37 248 316 52 52 24 37 24 24 24 316 24 24 37 132 158 316 88 52 37 52 37 37 316 39.9 53.2 33.5 22.6 1.53 2.05 1.29 22.8 24.1 26.3 42.2 66.5 35.9 36.1 6.65 27.3 19.0 17.6 13.7 .877 .927 1.01 1.62 2.56 1.38 1.39 .256 1.05 .731 .677 .527 28.2 15.7 19.5 11.8 72.4 107 153 65.7 35.9 29.6 26.9 22.5 20.6 .604 .750 .454 2.78 4.12 5.88 2.53 1.38 1.14 1.03 .865 .792 48.4 1.19 2.36 1.44 1.00 1.01 .97 1.16 1.81 2.95 1.54 1.60 .30 1.17 .84 .76 .61 14.72 .70 .78 .52 3.10 4.75 6.56 2.92 1.59 1.27 1.19 .97 .91 25.26 a River frozen Dec. 11 to 13, 1905; discharge estimated 10 second-feet. ^ Backwater Dec. 5 and 6; discharge corrected. Note.— Values 1904 to 1906 approximated, owing to local changes in control which could not be covered by meter measurements. 96 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. KENDXJSKEAG STREAM NEAR BANGOR. This station, which was estabhshed September 15, 1908, is located at the wooden highway bridge about 6 miles northwest of Bangor. It is just below Sixmile Falls, which affords the best unutilized power site on the lower stretch of the river. The discharge at the station does not represent the actual discharge from the natural drainage basin of Kenduskeag Stream. A number of years ago an artificial cut for log driving was made through a low divide between Souadabscook Stream and Black Stream, the latter tributary to the Kenduskeag about 7 miles above the gaging station. During high stages in the Souadabscook a part of its water passes through the artificial cut into Kenduskeag; at low stages in the Souadabscook all of the flow continues down its own channel. It is believed that all of the flow of, Black Stream is into the Kenduskeag and none into the Souadabscook. The drainage area of Kenduskeag Stream above the mouth of Black Stream is 136 square miles; at the gaging station, including all of Black Stream but none of Souadabs- cook, it is 191 square miles; at the mouth under the same conditions, it is 214 square miles. The drainage area of Black Stream itself is 40 square miles. The monthly discharge data show the condi- tions actually existing at the station. The estimates of discharge per square mile and the depth in inches on the drainage area are not abso- lutely accurate because of the conditions outlined above. The part of the area of the Souadabscook Basin that contributes to the flow of the Kenduskeag can not be determined. The datum of the gage has remained unchanged during the maintenance of the station. During the winter months the flow of the stream is somewhat affected by ice. Conditions for obtaining accurate discharge data are good and a good rating curve has been developed, although more measurements are needed at higher stages. Discharge measurements of Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, 1908-9. Apr. 25.. Do.o July 9 o . July 9... Sept. 4.. Sept. 15. Dec. 11.. Dec. 24.. Date. 1908. Gage height. Discharge. Feet. Second-feet. 4.13 656 (») 770 {^) 28.6 1.71 29.8 1.52 21.3 1.31 7.2 2.98 94.9 d2.08 40.1 Apr. 21.. May 24., Sept. 20. Date. Gage height. Feet. 6.42 2.40 1.45 Discharge. Second-feet. 1,420 148 13.5 a Gaging made from upstream side of highway bridge at East Bangor. ft Distance to water surface from the top of floor beam, 100 feet; from left abutment, 15.19 feet, c Distance to water surface from the top of floor beam, 100 feet; from left abutment, 16.77 feet, d Gage height to top of ice, 2.14 feet; average thickness of ice, 0.58 foot. STKEAM FLOW. Daily gage height, in feet, of Kendusheag Stream near Bangor, 1908-9. 97 Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1908. 1 1.3 1.5 1.55 1.55 1.45 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.65 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.5 2.6 2.65 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 a 2. 65 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.95 3.0 1908. 16 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.55 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.85 2.15 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.9 2.9 2.65 2.35 2.05 1.95 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.35 3.05 2 17 3.25 3 18 3.2 4 19 . 3 25 5 20 6 21 7 22 2.1 8 23 2.0 9 24 2.0 10 25 2.2 11 26 2.25 12 27 2.1 13 28. ... 2.1 14 29 2.1 15 1.3 30 . 2.1 31 2.2 alee conditions prevailed from about Dec. 9 to 26. Day. Jan. 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.45 6.65 6.6 6.05 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.45 4.4 4.4 a 3. 3.6 Feb. 3.7 6.0 Mar. 5.5 5.3 6.4 6.0 6.0 6.45 6.8 6.85 7.0 7.75 8.4 8.9 Apr. 8.3 6.9 6.4 6.3 6.85 7.35 8.1 8.1 7.4 6.4 6.3 7.7 8.6 9.65 10.0 9.3 7.75 6.8 6.55 5.9 5.4 5.8 5.8 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.7 May. 4.8 4.95 5.2 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.55 4.25 4.2 4.25 4.65 4.8 4.6 4.3 3.9 3.45 3.2 3.15 3.15 3.3 3.25 3.05 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.55 2.9 2.65 2.9 2.75 2.6 June. 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.35 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.85 1.9 2.05 2.25 2.35 2.5 2.6 2.55 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 July. 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.75 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.35 2.25 2.05 1.9 1.85 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.65 Aug. 1.65 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.65 1.65 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.65 1.65 1.55 1.55 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.35 Sept. 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.45 1.55 1.55 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.55 1.55 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.55 1.55 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 3.1 5.15 7.8 9.2 Oct. 8.2 5.8 4.65 4.1 3.75 3.55 3.3 3.05 2.75 2.55 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.35 2.65 2.55 2.4 2.25 2.15 2.25 2.35 2.6 2.7 3.15 3.45 3.5 3.7 3.55 3.15 Nov. 2.85 2.7 3.85 4.7 4.5 4.1 3.65 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.35 3.25 3.05 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.95 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.05 2.85 3.0 3.0 3.35 4.8 5.6 5.3 4.9 4.55 Dec. 4.2 4.05 4.0 3.95 3.75 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.4 2.95 3.05 3.3 3.45 3.4 3.3 3.75 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.45 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.65 2.55 2.5 Note.— Ice conditions existed from Jan. 15 to Apr. 2. affected by backwater from ice jams below. 15042°— wsp 279—12 7 a Gage height to top of ice. Gage heights Mar. 21 to Apr. 2 were probably 98 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Rating table for Kendusheag Stream near Bangor, 1908-9. Gage Dis- Gage Dis- Gage Dis- Gage Dis- height. charge. height. charge. height. charge. height. charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 1.30 7 2.70 214 4.10 665 6.00 1,820 1.40 12 2.80 239 4.20 707 6.20 1,985 1.50 18 2.90 265 4.30 751 6.40 2,155 1.60 2 3.00 292 4.40 797 6.60 2,330 1.70 34 3.10 320 4.50 845 6.80 2,510 1.80 45 3.20 349 4.60 895 7.00 2,690 1.90 58 3.30 379 4.70 945 7.20 2,880 1.00 72 3.40 410 4.80 1,000 7.40 3,070 2.10 88 3.50 442 4.90 1,055 7.60 3,265 2.20 105 3.60 476 5.00 1,115 7.80 3,465 2.30 124 3.70 511 5.20 1,240 8.00 3,665 2.40 145 3.80 547 5.40 1,370 9.00 4,705 2.50 167 3.90 585 5.60 1,510 10.00 5,805 2.60 190 4.00 624 5.80 1,660 Note. — The above table is not applicable for ice or obstructed channel conditions. It is based on 6 dis- charge measurements made during 1908-9 and is well defined between gage heights 0.3 feet and 6.0 foot. Daily , in second-feet, of Kendusheag Stream near Bangor, 1908-9. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1908. 1. . 7 18 22 22 15 12 12 12 18 18 30 18 12 12 12 167 190 202 190 167 145 124 105 72 72 72 72 58 58 58 105 105 88 105 105 124 145 145 ol20 100 95 90 90 90 90 16 18 18 25 22 18 18 25 25 25 25 25 52 96 105 105 167 145 265 265 202 134 80 65 88 105 105 145 145 145 145 134 80 2 17 80 3 18 80 4 . 19 - 80 5 20 60 6 21 60 7 22. 60 8 23 40 9 24 40 10. . . 25 60 11.. 26. 114 12 27 88 13 28. . 88 14. 29 88 15 7 30. .. . 88 31 105 a Discharge for period of ice conditions, Dec. 9 to 26, estimated on basis of two measurements during that period. Day. Jan. xeb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1909.ffl 1 105 105 105 105 105 156 2,380 2,330 1,860 1,120 1,000 895 821 797 1,000 1,080 1,240 1,240 1,120 1,000 870 729 707 729 920 1,000 895 751 585 190 145 145 124 134 105 105 88 72 58 58 58 45 52 58 58 58 58 58 45 45 45 45 45 58 45 45 45 40 34 30 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 15 22 30 30 30 30 30 30 22 22 15 3,860 1,660 920 665 529 459 379 306 226 178 167 190 190 167 145 252 214 566 945 845 665 494 379 349 349 394 364 306 292 292 707 2 644 3 2,600 2,160 2,070 2,560 3,020 3,760 3,760 3,070 1,160 2,070 3,360 4,280 5,420 624 4 604 5.. 529 6.. 511 7 547 8 585 9 410 10 278 11 306 12 379 13 426 14. 410 15 379 aAssumed that backwater conditions existed from Mar. 29 to Apr. 2, 1909. Mar. 21 to 28 may have been affected also. Discharge Mar. 21 to Apr. 2 estimated to be about 85 per cent of the normal flow for period Mar. 21 to 28. Estimates Jan, 15 to Mar. 20 are very approximate. STREAM FLOW. 99 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, 1908-9 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1909. 16 5,800 5,040 3,420 2,510 2,280 1,740 1,370 1,660 1,660 1,060 • 895 845 707 845 945 426 349 334 334 379 364 306 292 190 190 178 265 202 265 226 190 45 80 114 134 167 190 178 145 124 105 88 72 72 58 58 34 45 58 145 167 167 134 114 80 58 52 40 40 40 40 30 22 30 30 40 40 40 40 30 30 22 22 15 15 15 15 9.5 15 15 15 22 22 18 18 18 18 18 34 320 1,210 3,460 4,920 134 202 178 145 114 96 114 134 190 214 334 426 442 511 459 334 265 278 379 379 349 306 252 292 292 394 1,000 1,510 1,300 1,060 870 529 17 547 18 511 19 511 20 547 21 511 22 426 23 265 24 292 25 292 26 226 27 226 28 226 29 202 30 178 31 167 Monthly discharge of Kenduskeag River near Bangor, 1908-9. [Drainage area, 191 square miles.o] Month. Discharge in second-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-ofE (depth in inches on drainage area). Accu- racy. Sept. 15-30. October November. December. . 7 167 265 145 7 32.5 131 90.6 0.037 .170 475 0.01 .20 .77 .55 January . . . February . . March April May June July , August September. October November. December. . 1909. 2,380 707 178 45 30 9. 9. 96 214 167 538 2.72 984 2,500 592 102 63.5 24.3 348 454 521 419 2.82 1.42 5.15 13.1 3.10 .534 .332 .127 1.82 2.38 2.73 2.19 3.25 1.48 5.94 14.62 3.57 .60 .38 .15 2.03 2.74 3.05 2.52 The year. 5,800 568 2.97 40.33 o Does not include any of the Souadabscook drainage area. Note. — Discharge estimated for periods of ice conditions in December, 1908, and January to April, 1909. Discharge estimated for Dec. 9 to 26, 1908. is equivalent to 77 second-feet per day. For Jan. 15 to 31, 1909, equivalent to 282 second-feet per day. PHILLIPS LAKE AND OUTLETS IN HOLDEN AND DEDHAM. Phillips Lake, situated about 10 miles southeast of Bangor, receives the drainage from an area 11.5 square miles in extent and has a water surface of about 1.4 square miles. The shores of the lake are in most places rocky, and most of the adjacent country is wooded and but sparsely settled. The lake has two outlets. The greater flow is from the north end of the lake northward through the village of East Holden, thence southward through Long Pond and into Penobscot River below 100 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Bucksport, a total length of 18 miles. The other stream flows from the southeast end of the lake, in the town of Dedham, into Green Lake and thence into Union River; this outlet carries water only during medium and high stages. Gages have been maintained at the outlets of the lake and on the lake itself for the purpose of deter- mining the quantity of water available for public use, as the lake was for some time under consideration as a source of water supply for the city of Bangor. The gage at the northern outlet was established July 7, 1904, and discontinued July 1, 1908. It is located about 1| miles from the lake, one-quarter mile south of the village of East Holden, and 175 feet south of an old mill. The drainage area at this point is 12.3 square miles. The gage at the southeast outlet was established July 19, 1904, and was read only at the time of visits by the hydrographers. It is located at the highway bridge about 1 J miles southeast of Lake House railroad station and is about 700 feet southeast of the Maine Central Eailroad crossing. The flow through this outlet is proportional to the lake height. The gage on Phillips Lake was established July 19, 1904, and dis- continued July 1, 1908. It was originally located at a point on the east shore of the lake about 300 feet northwest of Dr. L. S. Chilcott's cottage. On December 6, 1904, its location was changed to the Maine Central Railroad bridge over the north end of Phillips Lake, being still referred to the same datum. The respective gage datums have remained the same during the maintenance of the stations. Conditions for obtaining accurate data at the two outlets are rather poor and the results are only approximate. The discharge is probably not materially affected by ice. Discharge measurements of Phillips Lake outlet, at East Holden, 1904-1908. Date. 1904 July 19 Aug. 18 Oct.l7 1905 Apr. 17 Apr, 29 « May 25 o June 17 Aug. 11 Aug. 15 Sept. 2 Oct. 21 height. Discharge. Feet. Sec.-ft. 1.55 9.66 1.45 6.29 1.46 5.64 1.84 24.2 1.90 27.2 1.90 30.7 1.82 21.5 1.77 15.0 1.67 11.0 1.74 12.6 1.41 1.8 Date. 1906. Feb. 23 Mar. 5 Apr. 14 Apr. 27 May 23 Aug. 24 1907, Dec. 16 1908, Apr. 24 Discharge. a From log across stream 100 feet below gauge. b Gage height varied from 2.18 feet to 2.68 feet during the measurement. Sec.-ft. 59 46 44 40 52 17.2 18.7 37.7 STREAM FLOW. 101 Discharge measurements of Phillips Lake, southeast outlet, near Lake House railroad station, 1904-1908. Gage height. Dis- charge. Date. Gage height. Dis- charge. Date. Outlet. Phillips Lake. Outlet. Phillips Lake. 1904. July 19 Feet. 1.42 1.14 1.49 2.80 2.28 2.20 1.62 1.38 1.35 1.06 1.10 Feet. 7-. 05 6.40 7.34 9.40 8.94 8.97 8.48 7.37 7.20 6.40 6.00 Sec.-ft. 1.09 .07 1.48 42.7 12.2 11.9 3.3 1.25 1.04 .05 .03 1906. Feb. 23 Feet. 1.50 1.94 2.90 2.20 1.15 2.50 1.92 Feet. 7.55 7.25 9.35 8.80 6.05 9.05 8.65 Sec.-ft. 1 69 Aug 18 Mar. 5 1.21 Oct. 17 Apr. 27 44.2 May 23 13.5 1905. Aug. 24 .01 Apr 17 . . . . 1907. Dec. 16 Apr. 29 May 25 24.5 June 17 1908. Apr. 24 Aug. 11 Aug 15 5.2 Sept. 2 Oct. 21 Daily gage height, in feet, of Phillips Lake, north outlet, at East Holden, 1904-1908. Day. 1904. 2 3 4 5 6 7 1.60 8 1.60 9 L60 10 L60 11 1.60 12 1.60 13 1.60 14 1.55 15 1. 50 July. Aug. L70 L70 L65 1.65 L65 1.60 LOO L60 L60 L55 L55 L55 L48 L45 1.40 Sept. L45 L50 L48 L45 L45 L45 L45 L45 L45 L42 L40 L40 L40 1.40 1.40 Oct. (a) Nov. L45 L45 L45 L45 L45 L45 L45 L45 L45 L45 L45 1.45 1.45 L45 L45 Dec. L80 L90 2.00 L80 L70 L70 L70 L70 L70 L65 L65 L65 L70 L70 L65 Day. 1904 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. L50 L40 L40 L45 1.50 L40 L40 L45 L45 L50 L40 L40 L45 L45 L52 L40 L40 L45 L4.5 L55 L40 L40 L45 L45 L52 L62 1.40 L45 1.50 L50 L50 L40 L45 1. 50 L50 L48 L40 L45 L50 L50 L45 L40 L45 1. .55 L50 L45 L40 L45 LOO L50 L45 L40 L45 L65 L55 L45 1.40 1.45 1.70 L70 1.45 L40 L45 L75 L70 L48 L40 L45 L75 L70 L45 L40 1.45 1.75 L70 L45 L45 Dec. 1.65 1.65 L65 L70 L65 L70 L75 L70 LOO L65 1.65 1.65 L70 L65 L65 L65 a No gage readings Oct. 1-16. Day. 1905.a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Jan. L6 L6 L6 L6 L7 L7 L7 2.7 2.55 2.15 2.05 L95 L95 L9 L9 L9 L85 L85 1.85 1.8 Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec L75 L75 L75 L75 L75 L7 L7 L7 L7 L7 L7 L7 L7 L7 L7 L7 L65 L65 L65 L65 L6 L6 L6 L6 L6 L6 L6 L55 L55 L55 L5 L5 L5 L5 L5 L5 L5 L5 L55 L6 2.05 L8 L8 L85 L9 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 L9 L9 L9 L8 L8 L8 L85 L85 L8 L9 1.9 L9 L9 L85 L95 L9 L95 L9 L9 L9 L9 L9 L95 L95 L95 L95 2.0 2.05 2.0 2.0 2.0 L9 L9 L9 L9 L9 2.0 L9 L9 L9 L9 L9 L85 L9 L85 L85 L85 L85 L85 L9 L95 L85 L9 L9 L9 L7 L7 L5 L5 L5 L5 L5 L5 L55 L55 L55 L55 L55 L55 L55 L55 L8 is L8 L8 L8 L6 L5 L45 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L4 L8 L5 L4 L4 L4 L4 L7 L5 L5 L5 L5 L5 L5 L55 L6 L55 L5 L5 L5 L5 L5 L6 L6 L55 L5 L5 L5 L5 L7 L7 L55 1.55 L55 L55 L6 L75 L9 L7 L6 1.6 L6 L6 L6 L6 L9 L9 a River did not freeze near gage during 1905. 102 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily gage height, in feet, of Phillips Lake, north outlet, at East Holden, 1904-1908 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1.8 i.a5 1.55 1.85 2.0 1.95 1.55 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.95 1.55 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.55 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.55 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.95 1.9 1.55 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.95 1.95 1.85 1.55 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.95 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.55 1.85 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.85 1.55 1.85 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.85 1.55 1.85 1.4 1.5 1.45 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.85 1.55 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.75 2.3 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 1.8 1.65 1.8 1.55 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.45 2.45 2.2 2.35 2.45 1.65 1.8 1.55 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.0 1.8 1.65 1.8 1.55 2.3 1.85 2.2 2.5 2.15 2.2 2.45 2.3 1.65 1.8 1.55 2.3 1.85 2.2 2.35 1.8 2.2 2.4 2.3 1.65 1.8 1.55 2.3 1.85 2.2 2.3 2.45 2.2 2.5 2.35 1.65 1.75 1.55 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.05 2.5 2.5 2.55 2.2 1.65 1.7 1.55 2.3 2.2 2.05 2.05 1.8 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.65 1.7 1.55 2.4 1.85 2.05 2.3 2.3 2.25 2.0 1.7 1.65 1.65 1.55 2.4 2.6 2.05 2.4 2.35 2.5 2.0 1.7 1.65 1.6 1.55 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.4 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.55 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.45 2.3 2.2 2.3 1.7 1.65 1.6 1.55 2.4 1.8 2.05 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.4 1.7 1.65 1.6 1.55 2.4 1.8 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.25 2.25 1.7 1.65 1.6 1.55 2.4 1.8 2.5 2.45 2.15 2.45 2.4 1.7 1.65 1.6 1.6 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.55 2.3 2.4 1.7 1.65 1.6 1.55 2.25 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.32 2.05 2.0 1.7 1.65 1.6 1.55 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.38 2.05 2.3 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.55 1.9 2.1 2.35 2.3 2.38 2.05 2.4 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.55 2.5 2.1 2.5 2.25 2.42 2.0 2.35 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.55 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.42 2.0 2.4 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.55 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.05 2.4 1.7 1.9 1.55 1.55 2.4 2.1 2.35 2.3 2.4 2.25 2.45 1.7 1.9 1.55 1.5 2.4 2.55 2.4 2.2 2.15 2.4 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.55 1.45 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.3 1.65 1.9 1.55 1.5 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 1.65 1.9 1.55 1.95 1.7 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.3 1.65 1.85 1.55 1.95 1.7 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.05 2.4 1.65 1.85 1.55 1.6 1.7 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.55 1.65 1.8 1.55 1.75 1.7 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.15 1.65 1.8 1.55 1.6 1.7 2.4 2.55 2.4 1.65 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 4.9 2.5 1.7 1.8 1.95 2.1 1.8 2.25 1.7 1.9 1.9 3.8 2.1 2.6 2.0 2.5 2.1 1.75 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.05 2.1 1.7 1.85 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.05 1.7 1.8 1.95 1.9 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.0 2.4 1.9 2.05 1.75 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.55 2.0 1.9 2.05 1.75 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.2 1.7 2.55 2.0 1.8 2.05 1.8 2.2 2.4 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.0 1.8 2.05 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.05 1.95 2.05 2.2 1.9 2.9 2.1 2.5 2.0 2.4 1.95 2.05 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.5 3.5 2.1 2.55 2.1 2.0 1.95 2.05 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 3.0 2.05 2.3 2.45 2.0 2.5 2.05 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.1 3.0 2.0 2.3 2.45 2.4 2.55 2.05 1.9 1.8 2.2 1.85 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.2 1.9 2.45 2.0 2.3 2.45 2.5 1.8 1.85 1.9 1.8 2.2 1.85 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.0 2.2 1.9 2.7 2.45 2.55 1.8 1.75 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.7 2.45 2.5 1.8 1.75 1.9 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.65 2.15 2.4 1.8 1.75 1.9 1.9 2.4 1.95 2.15 2.2 2.65 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.4 1906. a 1907. a The outlet does not freeze over near the gage, but during short periods the gage height may be affected by ice conditions downstream. STKEAM PLOW. 103 Daily gage height, in feet, of Phillips Lake, north outlet, at East Holden, 1904-1908 — Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1907. 21 1.95 1.9 1.95 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.15 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.7 2.0 2.5 2.45 2.5 2.45 2.4 1.8 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.0 2.6 2.4 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.35 2.3 1.95 1.8 1.9 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.1 1.7 IJ 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.95 2.0 2.2 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.2 2.25 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.85 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.6 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.25 2.2 1.95 22 2.1 23 2.1 24 2.7 25 1.95 26 1.9 27 2.2 28 2.2 29 2.2 30 2.1 31 2.2 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jxine. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. 1908. 1 2.2 2.1 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.1 2.15 2.75 2.15 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.15 2.1 2.1 .2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.15 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.05 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.05 2.05 2.75 2.55 2.55 2.3 2.3 2.75 2.2 2.7 2.05 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.9 2.35 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.75 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.85 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.45 2.35 2.75 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.75 2.1 2.3 2.7 1.95 2.9 1908. 16 2.1 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.2 2.25 2.45 2.15 2.15 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.15 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.3 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.8 2.3 2.75 2.9 2.8 2.45 2.1 2.65 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.7 2.75 2.7 2.15 2.0 1.95 2.1 2.15 2.7 2 17 2 3 3 18 2.75 4 19 . . 2.75 5 . 20 1.95 6 21 2.3 7 22 1.9 8 23 . 2 9 24 2.0 10 25 1.95 11 26 1.9 12 27 1.9 13 28 1.9 14 29 2.75 15 30 2.75 31 Daily gage height, in feet , of Phillips Lake, at East Holden , 1904-1908. Day. July. Aug. Oct. Dec. Day. July. Aug. Oct. Dec. 1904. 6 6.50 6.37 8.30 1904. 19 21 7.05 14 6.62 6.70 17 7.34 22 18 6.40 31 6.70 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1905. a 1 9.5 8.1 2 6.4 6.5 3 8.7 4 8.8 8.3 6.0 5 7.6 6 8.9 7 6.3 8 9.7 8.0 9 6.4 7.4 10 . 8.6 11 8.8 8.3 6.2 12 7.4 13 8.8 14 6.2 15 9.6 7.9 7.2 16 . 6.4 7.6 17 9.4 8.5 18 8.3 8.2 6.3 19. 7.1 20 1 9.1 .... a Feb. 4, 11, gage height to top of ice; ice 4 inches thick. Feb, ice left lake. Dec. 16, 2 inches ice at gage. Dec. 23, 30, no ice . 18, 25, and Mar. 4, no ice at gauge. Apr. 22, at gage. 104 WATER EESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily gage height, in feet, of Phillips Lake, north outlet, at East Ilolden, 1904-1908- Con tinned. 1 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1905. 21 6.1 22 9.3 7.7 23 6.4 7 6 24 1 8.2 25 8.4 8.5 9.0 6.3 26 6.7 27 8.9 28 i 6.0 29 9.0 7.6 30 6.3 7:6 31 1906.a 1 5.8 5.9 2 :::::::;::;:: 9.3 3 8.7 7.1 5.35 4 ... 6.7 5 9.4 6 7.8 5.35 7 6.8 7.2 8 5.7 6 1 9 9.1 10 8.4 7.4 5.3 11 6.6 12 9.4 13 7.9 5.35 14 7.3 7.1 15 5.5 6.1 16 8.6 17 8.1 6.8 5.35 18 6.4 19 9.1 20 8.3 5.3 21 9.2 6.9 22 5.4 6.4 23 7.6 7.5 8.8 8.1 24 .. . .. 6.4 5.7 25 6.2 26 8.7 27 8.8 4.1 28 9.4 6.9 29 5.35 6.8 30 7.6 31 6.4 1907.6 1. 8.4 2 7.9 7.2 6.0 3 6.8 4 9.6 5 7.2 5.9 6 7.2 7.9 7 6.1 8 6 8 8.5 9 7.9 6.8 8.1 10 6-5 11 9.0 12 7.5 6.2 13 7.7 7.6 14... 6.0 9.0 15 8.4 16 7.6 6.5 8.4 17 6.3 18 8.8 19 7.6 6.1 20 8.3 7.4 o The lake did not freeze over '' The lake did not freeze over Dec. 21, 1907. at the gage during 1906. at the gage during 1907. Ice left the lake Apr. 30, 1907. Lake frozen over STREAM FLOW. 105 Daily gage height, in feet, of Phillips Lake, north outlet, at East Holden, 1904-1908 — Continued, Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1907. 21 5.9 9.0 22 8.3 23 7.5 6.3 8.4 24 6.2 25 8.5 26 7.8 6.0 27 9.6 7.1 28 5.7 1 9.0 29 8.0 30 6.3 8.6 31 6.1 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. 1908.a 1 8.9 1908.O 16 8.8 2 8.7 17 3 18. 9.2 8.8 4 9.1 9.1 19 5 20 8,1 6 8.7 21 9.0 7 9.0 22 9.1 8 8.9 23 8,5 '' 9 9.0 24 10 25 8.9 8.7 11 9.2 8.9 26 ! ! 12 27. 8.0 13 8.3 28 9.0 14 8.8 29.. 9.1 15 9.0 30 8.4 31 a The lake did not freeze over at the gage during 1908. Ice went out of lake, except from coves, Apr. 22, 1908, Rating table for Phillips Lake, north outlet, at East Holden, 1904-1908. height Dis- Gage Dis- charge. height. charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 1.40 1.3 2.20 36.5 1.50 3.6 2.30 42 1.60 7.2 2.40 47.5 1.70 11.3 2.50 53 1.80 15.8 2.60 59 1.90 20.5 2.70 65 2.00 25.5 2.80 71 2.10 31 2.90 77 Note.— The above table is not applicable for ice or obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on 10 dis- charge measurements made during 1904-1906 and is fairly well defined. Discharges for gage heights 3 feet and over, estimated. 106 WATEB RESOURCES OF PEKOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Rating table for Phillips Lake, southeast outlet, near Lake House railroad station, 1904- 1908. Gage Dis- Gage Dis- Gage Dis- height. charge. height. charge. height. charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 5.90 0.01 7.10 0.95 8.30 3.2 6.00 .02 7.20 1.10 8.40 3.6 6.10 .03 7.30 1.25 8.50 4.2 6.20 .04 7.40 1.40 8.60 5.3 6.30 .05 7.50 1.55 8.70 7.0 6.40 .07 7.60 1.70 8.80 9.5 6.50 .10 7.70 1.85 8.90 13 6.60 .20 7.80 2.0 9.00 17 6.70 .35 7.90 2.2 9.20 29 6.80 .50 8.00 2.4 9.40 46 6.90 .65 8.10 2.6 9.60 65 7.00 .80 8.20 2.9 Note. — The above table is not applicable for ice or obstructed channel conditions. It is based on 18 discharge measurements made during 1904-1908 and is fairly well defined. It apphes to Phillips Lake gage heights. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Phillips Lake, north outlet, at East Holden, 1904-1908. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1904. 1 11.3 11.3 9.2 9.2 9.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 5.4 5.4 5.4 3.1 2.4 1.3 2.4 3.6 3.1 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 (a) 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 15.8 20.5 25.5 15.8 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 9.2 9.2 9.2 11.3 11.3 9.2 1904. 16 3.6 3.6 3.6 4.3 5.4 4.3 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 5.4 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 8.0 3.6 3.1 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 3.1 2.4 2.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 "2.4' 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 5.4 7.2 9.2 11.3 13.5 13.5 13.5 9.2 2 17 9.2 3 18 9.2 4 19 11.3 5 .. 20 9.2 6 21 11.3 7 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 5.4 3.6 22 13.5 8 23 11.3 9 24 7.2 10 25 9.2 11 26 9.2 12 27 9.2 13...-. .... 28 11.3 14 29 9.2 15 30 9.2 31 9.2 a No record Oct. 1 to 16. Daily discharge estimated at 1.8 second-feet. Day. 1905, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Jan. 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 11.3 11.3 11.3 65.0 56.0 33.8 28.2 23.0 23.0 20.5 20.5 20.5 18.1 18.1 18.1 15.8 Feb. 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 Mar. 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 5.4 5.4 5.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 5.4 7.2 Apr. 28.2 15.8 15.8 18.2 20.5 36.5 36.5 31.0 25.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 15.8 15.8 15.8 18.2 18.2 15.8 20.5 20.5 May. 20.5 20.5 18.2 23.0 20.5 23.0 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 25.5 28.2 25.5 25.5 25.5 June. 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 25.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 18.2 20.5 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 20.5 July. 18.2 20.5 20.5 20.5 11.3 11.3 3.6 3.6 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 Aug. 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 15.8 18.2 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 13.6 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 Sept. 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 7.2 3.6 2.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Oct. 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 3.6 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Nov. 11.3 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 5.4 7.2 5.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 7.2 7.2 5.4 3.6 3.6 Dec. 3.6 3.6 11.3 11.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 7.2 13.6 20.5 11.3 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 20.5 20.5 STKEAM FLOW. 107 Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Phillips LaJce, north outlet, at East Holden, 1904-1908- Continued. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 13.6 15.8 25.5 20.5 15.8 15.8 15.8 36.5 42 31 31 31 31 31 31 56 47.5 47.5 53 47.5 47.5 47.5 47.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 53 36.5 31 18.2 20.5 18.2 25.5 25.5 20.5 23 9.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.^ 7.2 7.2 7.2 42 42 53 36.5 36.5 36.5 31 28.2 28.2 28.2 25.5 25.5 28.2 53 53 36.5 53 42 44.8 53 36.5 53 44.8 47.5 36.5 42 53 53 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 25.5 25.5 77 113 83 83 53 50.2 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 33.8 5.4 7.2 7.2 7.2 11.3 20.5 23.0 25.5 31.0 31.0 42.0 47.5 5.02 47.5 53 50.2 47.5 53 50.2 42 42 42 42 39.2 42 36.5 36.5 42 42 53 53 53 56 197 131 25.5 25.5 47.5 47.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 31 31 28.2 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 20.5 25.5 36.5 36.5 18.2 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 23.0 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 47.5 50.2 47.5 33.8 15.8 50.2 53 15.8 42 44.8 42 42 47.5 42 33.8 56 43.1 46.4 46.4 48.6 36.5 47.5 33.8 47.5 53 42 36. 36. 5 5 47.5 53 31 15.8 15.8 53 53 11.3 47.5 47.5 53 56 42 42 25.5 42 42 65 65 62 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 23.0 23.0 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 53 36.5 53 36.5 36.5 42 28.2 28.2 28.2 25.5 25.5 28.2 39.2 47.5 53 11.3 59 25.5 53 25.5 56 56 53 36.5 25.5 31 50.2 50.2 53 50.2 47.5 50.2 50.2 33.8 15.8 23.0 23.0 23.0 20.5 20.5 18.2 20.5 18.2 18.2 18.2 47.5 25.5 42 47.5 44.8 47.5 42 47.5 56 33.8 15.8 25.5 53 53 47.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 15.8 47.5 25.5 25.5 47.5 53 53 20.5 56 53 47.5 20.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 7.2 36.5 15.8 11.3 11.3 15.8 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 9.2 23 53 28.2 25.5 20.5 20.5 15.8 15.8 20.5 23 23 53 56 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.9 a 15. 9 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 18.2 18.2 18.2 15.8 15.8 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 11.3 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 11.3 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 18.2 18.2 15.8 15.8 15.8 31 31 31 28.2 28.2 28.2 28.2 28.2 28.2 28.2 15.8 14.1 14.1 14.1 11.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 13.6 11.3 11.3 9.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 15.8 14.1 11.3 11.3 14.1 14.1 15.8 25.5 23 15.8 15.8 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 1.3 15.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 7.2 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 23 23 7.2 13.5 7.2 20.5 39.2 20.5 18.2 15.8 15.8 15.8 36.5 31 28.2 25.5 20.5 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 20.5 20.5 20.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 2.4 3.6 20.5 31 42 42 42 42 42 47.5 47.5 47.5 20.5 47.5 47.5 47.5 47.5 39.2 47.5 20.5 53 53 47.5 47.5 47.5 47.5 20.5 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 31 23 20.5 20.5 47.5 36.5 36.5 31 31 31 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 47.5 47.5 a Discharge interpolated. 108 WATER RESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Phillips Lake, north outlet, at East Hadden, 1904-190S- Continued. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. 1907. 21 23 20.5 23 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 33.8 31 31 31 31 31 31 25.5 36.5 25.5 25.5 20.5 20.5 36.5 36.5 53 53 53 36.5 25.5 59. 59. 59 59. 36.5 36.5 42 65 25.5 53 50.2 53 50.2 47.5 15.8 47.5 42 42 59 25.5 59 47.5 15.8 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 44.8 42 23 15.8 20.5 59 59 59 59. 59 59 59 59 31 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.8 20.5 20.5 23 25.5 36.5 33.8 33.8 33.8 36.5 39.2 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 18:2 15.8 15.8 15.8 11.3 11.3 20.5 59 47.5 31 42 42 42 42 39.2 36.5 23 22 31 23 31 24 65 25 23 26. 20.5 27 36.5 28 36.5 29 36.5 30 31 31 36.5 Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. 1908. 1 36.5 31 28.2 28.2 28.2 31 33.8 68 33.8 31 31 31 33.8 31 31 42 42 42 36.5 25.5 36.5 25.5 25.5 31 33.8 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 31 31 28.2 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 28.2 28.2 68 56 56 42 42 68 36.5 65 28.2 65 65 47.5 77 44.8 65 77 47.5 53 71 68 71 77 71 74 73 71 71 71 71 50.2 44.8 68 65 65 65 59 42 53 42 68 31 42 65 23 77 1908. 16.. 31 28.2 28.2 28.2 28.2 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 28.2 28.2 28.2 36.5 39.2 50.2 33.8 33.8 42 42 31 31 31 31 31 36.5 33.8 31 42 42 31 31 31 28.2 28.2 28.2 77 53 65 71 42 65 59 a64 71 31 31 31 71 47.5 ?7 47.5 71 42 68 77 71 50.2 31 62 65 53 65 42 65 68 65 33.8 25.5 23 31 33.8 65 2 17 42 3 18 68 4 19 68 5 20 23 6 21 42 7 22 ... 20.5 8 23 25.5 9 . 24 25.5 10 25 23 11 26 20.5 12 27 20.5 13 ... 28 20.5 14 29 68 15 30 68 31 ... a Interpolated. Note. — Daily discharges for Phillips Lake, southeast outlet, can be determined approximately by using the rating table and the weekly lake gage heights. Monthly discharge of Phillips Lake outlets in Holden and Dedham, 1904-1908. [Drainage area, 12.3 square miles.] Discharge in second-feet. Month. Northern outlet. South- eastern outlet. Total. Per square mile. Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area). Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Mean. 1904.a July 7-31 11.3 11.3 3.6 2.4 13.5 25.5 3.6 1.3 1.3 1.8 2.4 7.2 6.11 4.62 1.71 2.09 4.41 11.3 60.61 C.14 August September October (d) Novembe''.. . December («) o Values for both stations, 1904-1906, are approximate, owing to local changes in conditions of flow, which could not be covered by meter measurements. b July 19-31. c August 1-22. d Discharge Oct. 17, 1.31 second-feet, c Discharge Dec. 6, 3.2 second-feet. STREAM FLOW. 109 Monthly discharge of Phillips Lake outlets in Holden and Dedham, 1904-1908— Contd. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Northern outlet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean South- eastern outlet. Total. Per square mile. Run-oflf (depth in inches on drainage area). 1905.a January February March April May June July August September October November December The year.. 1906.a January February March April May June July August September October November December The year.. 1907. «> January February March April May June July August September , October November December The year.. 1908.& January February March April May June 65.0 13.6 42 36.5 28.2 25.5 20.5 20.5 15.8 15.8 11.3 42.0 65.0 59.0 53.0 56.0 56.0 53.0 56.0 50.2 20.5 15.8 23.0 53.0 15.8 59.0 53 113 197 65 31 39.2 39.2 59 65 1.97 50.2 77 77 77 77 7.2 7.2 3.6 15.8 18.2 18.2 3.6 5.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 3.6 19.2 10.3 10.3 21.8 22.6 20.2 7.36 14.1 4.03 2.98 4.05 14.9 6.44 8.38 50.1 14.6 4.59 2.18 1.04 .069 .036 .044 16.7 18.7 71.9 37.2 24.8 9.54 15.1 4.10 3.02 4.09 16.4 12.7 15.8 25.5 28.2 15.8 25.5 20.5 9.2 9.2 5.4 2.4 11.3 11.3 33.2 40.8 44.8 42.6 39.6 43.0 16.8 13.5 8.65 7.25 36.5 13.4 4.22 3.70 .60 19.2 30.8 13.9 .84 .15 .13 37.4 44.5 45.4 61.8 70.4 56.9 17.6 13.7 8.65 7.25 36.5 13.5 2.4 28.3 13 34.5 18.2 20.5 20.5 11.3 11.3 15.8 15.8 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 20.5 22.8 38.5 41.7 45.0 42.6 35.7 32.2 20.5 22.1 19.8 34.9 35.4 1.58 1.83 , -34 J.VJ. 6 22.0 3.45 1.58 .15 .02 .02 3.0 13.4 24.4 40.3 42.0 61.6 64.6 39.2 33.8 20.6 22.1 19.8 37.9 48.8 11.3 32. 5.33 37.9 25.5 25.5 25.5 28.2 23.0 20.5 30.7 33.3 37.4 56.4 57.5 47.0 22.3 17.8 16.1 12.3 8.66 3.77 53.0 51.1 53.5 68.7 66.2 50.8 1.36 1.52 5.85 3.02 2.02 .776 1.23 .333 .246 .333 1.33 3.04 3.62 5^02 5.72 4.63 1.43 1.11 .703 .589 2.97 1.10 2.80 1.98 3.28 3.41 5.01 5.25 3.19 2.75 1.67 1.80 1.61 3.08 3.97 3.08 4.31 4.15 4.35 5.59 5.38 4.13 1.42 1.75 6.53 3.48 2.25 .89 1.42 .37 .28 .37 1.53 3.50 3.77 4.25 5.60 6.60 5.17 1.65 1.28 .78 .68 3.31 1.27 2.28 3.42 3.93 5.59 6.05 3.56 3.17 1.92 2.01 1.86 3.44 4.58 41.81 4.97 4.48 5.02 6.24 6.20 4.61 o Values for both stations, 1904-1906, are approximate, owing to local changes in conditions of flow, which could not be co v^ered by meter measurements. b Values for both stations are classed as D, or approximate, owing to local changes in conditions of flow, which could not be covered by meter measurements. 110 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS IN PENOBSCOT RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. In 1884 and in 1886 two discharge measurements were made of Penobscot River near Orono by Prof. George H. Hamlin, of Maine State College, as follows: September 20, 22, and 23, 1884, a discharge of 3,480 second-feet was obtained by subsurface floats. September 7 and October 23, 1886, with the river at practically the same stage on both dates, a total discharge of 2,470 second-feet was' obtained by use of an Ellis current meter. These measurements were considered as giving the low-water flow for their respective seasons. The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made in Penobscot River drainage basin during 1908: Miscellaneous discharge measurements in Penobscot River basin in 1908. Date. Stream. Locahty. Width. Area of section. Gauge height. Dis- charge. Apr. 27 July 10 10 Souadabscook Stream do.... do Emersons Mills, Hampden . . do do. Feet. 67 56.5 18 24 57 68.5 9.0 34 60 6.2 Feet. a 10. 13 olO. 99 a 10. 99 66.82 oil. 14 oil. 14 Sec.-jt. 359 15.7 14 8 Aug. 11 Sept. 8 do do . do do.. .. 17.5 10 8 do do 6.9 o Bench mark is top of floor of highway bridge, 10 feet from left abutment. b Measurement made 100 feet upstream from remains of old highway bridge in Hampden, from timbers across the stream. Bench mark is on top of a log in cribwork on downstream side of left abutment of bridge. Note. — Gage height is distance from bench mark to water surface. RELATION OF RUN- OFF TO PRECIPITATION. In the following table the records of precipitation and discharge at Millinocket have been utilized to estimate the ratio of run-off to precipitation by months for the period of 1901-1909, inclusive. The record of discharge at Millinocket has been corrected for storage in the lakes above Millinocket, as explained on page 194, so that it shows approximately the natural flow of the West Branch during the period, and the table gives the ratios based on the observed flow and on the flow as corrected for storage. EELATION OF RUN-OFF TO PRECIPITATION. Ill Run-off and precipitation in Penobscot River basin above Millinochet, 1901-1909, inclu- sive, by months. Month. Run-otf , in inches, on Ratio of run-off to Precipita- drainage, area. precipitation. tion, in E.stiraated For observed run-off. For esti- inches. Observed run-off mated run- run-off. without off without storage. storage. 2.53 0.59 0.33 0.23 0.13 .59 .90 .47 1.53 .80 5.12 .99 .45 .19 .09 5.63 5.61 7.31 1.00 1.30 .95 4.04 5.02 4.25 5.28 3.03 1.57 1.43 .52 .47 1.78 2.20 .86 1.24 .48 4.59 1.58 1.13 .34 .25 1.85 1.54 .42 .83 .23 3.68 .83 .25 .23 .07 2.55 .39 .38 .15 .15 8.75 .71 1.92 .08 .22 41.05 20.95 19.97 .51 .44 3.97 1.30 1.59 .33 .40 .86 1.26 1.20 1.47 1.40 6.47 3.30 2.87 .51 .44 1.95 7.01 8.67 3.59 4.45 2.47 5.80 6.26 2.35 2.54 5.82 5.57 5.58 .96 .96 2.50 1.48 .53 .59 .21 3.63 1.60 .70 .44 .19 4.15 1.28 .83 .31 .20 5.09 1.41 1.83 .28 .36 1.88 1.45 2.20 .77 1.17 5.23 1.63 1.41 .31 .27 44.02 33.09 33.67 .75 .76 2.66 1.00 .58 .38 .22 2.82 1.03 .48 .37 .17 5.78 3.54 3.16 .61 .55 1.62 7.89 10.21 4.87 6.30 .64 3.95 5.07 6.17 7.93 2.22 1.26 .95 .57 .43 3.91 1.49 .54 .38 .14 2.66 2.04 .78 .77 .29 2.04 1.14 .06 .56 .03 2.24 .48 .15 .21 .07 2.12 .23 .25 .11 .12 3.33 .26 .31 .08 .09 32.04 24.31 22.54 .76 .70 2.56 .20 .21 .08 .08 1.34 .21 .17 .16 .13 2.98 .32 .28 .11 .09 2.67 .59 1.70 .22 .06 3.94 3.12 7.55 .79 1.93 2.46 2.19 1.73 .89 .70 4.60 1.96 .89 .43 .19 4.75 2.09 .68 .44 .14 5.95 1.27 1.23 .21 .21 2.46 1.36 2.65 .55 1.08 1.56 1.36 1.07 .87 .69 1.24 1.33 .45 1.07 .36 36.51 16.00 18.61 .44 .51 4.06 1.37 .43 .34 .11 .97 1.21 .19 1.25 .20 1.05 1.05 .23 1.00 .22 1.38 1.32 3.51 .96 2.54 2.66 3.71 5.35 1.39 2.02 2.03 1.57 2.32 .77 1.14 2.22 1.48 1.00 .67 .45 1.50 1.88 .20 1.25 .13 2.32 1.36 .06 .59 .03 1.13 .90 .06 .80 .05 3.72 .26 .17 .07 .05 2.90 .25 .17 .09 .06 25.94 16.36 13.69 .63 .53 1901 January — February Marcb April May Jime July August September October November December The year 1902 January February March April May Jime July August September October November December The year 1903, January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 1904 January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 1905 January February March April May June July August September October November December The year, ., 112 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Run-off and precipitation in Penobscot River basin above Millinocket, 1901-1909, inclu- sive, by months — Continued. Month. Kun-oflf, in inches, on Ratio of run-off to Precipita- drainage area. precipitation. tion, in inches. Observed Estimated run-off For observed run-off. For esti- mated run- run-ofl. without oil' without storage. storage. 2.76 0.25 0.27 0.09 0.10 2.80 .41 .41 .15 .15 6.04 .42 .44 .07 .07 3.12 .71 1.58 .23 .52 3.42 4.23 8.69 1.24 2.52 2.78 2.86 2.93 1.03 1.05 2.99 2.22 1.00 .74 .34 1.80 1.97 .32 1.09 .18 2.90 1.20 .16 .41 .06 6.62 1.26 .97 .19 .15 3.25 1.23 1.07 .38 .33 3.40 1.24 .61 .36 .18 41.88 18.00 18.35 .43 .44 2.65 1.24 .77 .47 .29 1.68 .84 .32 .51 .19 2.13 .23 .24 .11 .11 3.68 .85 1.70 .24 .46 2.44 4.34 9.93 1.78 4.07 5.30 4.12 3.85 .78 .73 5.70 3.19 3.74 .56 .66 3.27 2.13 1.84 .66 .56 4.34 1.27 .96 .29 .22 4.05 1.66 1.76 .41 .44 3.56 4.27 4.14 1.17 1.16 3.28 2.77 2.20 .84 .67 42.08 26.91 31.45 .64 .75 2.52 1.91 1.49 .76 .59 3.82 1.64 .93 .43 .24 2.65 1.83 .93 .69 .35 1.93 1.74 2.39 .90 1.24 5.16 6.26 9.68 1.21 1.88 2.10 4.11 3.80 1.96 1.81 2.35 2.33 .87 .99 .37 5.01 1.52 .63 .30 .13 2.46 1.18 .15 .48 .06 3.30 1.22 .19 .37 .06 1.88 1.18 .14 .63 .07 3.32 1.22 .20 .37 .06 36.50 26.14 21.40 .72 .59 5.24 .85 .50 .16 .10 5.36 .45 .42 .08 .08 4.24 .83 .65 .20 .15 4.64 1.45 4.90 .31 1.06 3.05 5.73 9.34 1.88 3.06 2.91 2.74 2.14 .94 .74 3.09 2.03 1.41 .66 .46 3.07 1.42 .57 .46 .19 9.70 1.35 1.15 .14 .12 1.80 1.38 2.61 .77 1.45 4.92 1.32 1.53 .27 .31 2.07 1.34 1.18 .65 .57 50.09 20.89 26.40 .42 .53 350.11 38.90 202.65 22.52 206.08 22.90 .58 .59 50.09 33.09 33.67 .76 .76 25.94 16.00 13.69 .42 Ai 1906. January February March , April May June July August September October November December The year 1907. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 1908 January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 1909 January February March April M!ay Jtme July August September October November December The year The period (1901-1909): Total Mean Yearly maximum . Yearly minimum. . E.VAPOKATTON. 113 The subjoined table shows the average monthly precipitation from 1901 to 1909 in the Penobscot River basin above Millinocket; the observed average monthly discharge at Millinocket from 1901 to 1909; the estimated average monthly discharge, as corrected for storage, from 1901 to 1909, and the ratios of these discharges to the precipitation. The effect of storage on the distribution of the seasonal run-off is clearly shown by a comparison of the third and fourth columns of the table. Under the present conditions (column 3), during April, May, and occasionally in June, water is being stored; during the remainder of the year, except for a short time in the summer, during the log- driving season, stored water is used as required and the regimen of flow is a very even one — in marked contrast to the average conditions of low water existing under natural conditions of flow (column 4) for the fall and winter months. Mean ratios of run-off to precipitation, West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket, 1901-1909. Month. Precipita- tion in inches. Run-ofE in inches on drainage area. Observed run-ofl. Estimated run-off without storage. Mean ratio of run-off to precipitation, 1901-1909. For observed ran-off. For esti- mated run -off withoiit January February March April May June July August September October November December The year 3.22 2.25 4.05 2.96 2.75 3.18 3.24 3.36 3.97 3.37 2.86 3.72 0.97 .88 1.39 3.02 4.57 2.89 2.04 1.80 1.29 1.17 1.30 1.19 0.69 .51 1.03 4.66 7.42 2.75 1.20 .76 .56 1.16 1.22 .94 38.90 22.52 22.90 0.30 .39 .34 1.02 1.67 .91 .63 .54 .32 .35 .45 .32 .58 0.21 .23 .25 1.58 2.70 .86 .37 .23 .14 .34 .43 .25 EVAPORATION. The rate of evaporation from water surfaces varies with the temper- ature of the water, the velocity of the wind at the water surface, and the dryness of the air, and consequently varies widely in different localities and in the same locality at different seasons. The method adopted for measuring the evaporation from a body of water consists in measuring the loss of water from a pan which is so placed that the contained water has as nearly as possible the same temperature and exposure as that of the water which it is intended to represent. The rate of evaporation has been measured in Maine by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with private parties at four 15042°— wsp 279— 12 8 114 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. places, one of which, Ferguson Pond, Mihinocket, is in the Penob- scot drainage basin. The records at these stations show approxi- mately the ratio of evaporation from water surface in this State, but the data for the winter months are rather incomplete. Evaporation stations in Maine station. Location. Date estab- lished. Date discon- tinued. Soldier Pond Millinocket.. Lewiston Upper Dam . Soldier Pond Ferguson Pond Androscoggin River Mooselucmeguntic Lake. July 1,1905 do , do Aug. 19,1905 Nov. 7,1908 Oct. 31,1907 Do. Oct. 29,1907 A skeleton log raft about 15 feet square is arranged to float with its surface just out of the water. A clear opening 6 feet square is left in the center and in this opening the evaporation pan floats, its top being kept perhaps 2 or 3 inches above the water surface by means of cylindrical galvanized-iron pontons. The evaporation pan is 3 feet square and 18 inches deep, and is constructed of galvanized iron braced with iron straps. A spindle with sharp point is fixed vertically in the middle of the pan, with its point 1 or 2 inches below the top. The spindle is surrounded by a thin iron cylinder about 3 inches in diameter, with its axis parallel to the spindle, and closed with the exception of some small holes near the bottom. The spindle is originally so set that its point is just submerged by the water and at the time of each subsequent observation the quantity of water required to restore the water surface to the level of the spindle point is meas- ured. For pouring in the water (or dipping it out if rainfall has exceeded the evaporation) the cup used is of such capacity that it represents 0.01 inch depth of water in the pan, so that the number of cupfuls shows the change in depth in hundredths of inches — the evaporation if there has been no rainfall. A rain gage is maintained on the raft so that correction can be made for any rainfall. The evaporation raft on Soldier Pond is shown in Plate VII. At this station the temperature of the water in the pan and outside of the pan, the precipitation, and the evaporation are recorded. At the other three stations in Maine the temperature of the air, relative humidity, and velocity of the wind are also observed. In general the results obtained have been very satisfactory. The cylinder surrounding the spindle point prevents the water surface from moving rapidly even when the pan is being considerably shaken by waves. A difference of half a cupful (0.005 inch) can readily be detected. Some data regarding evaporation from ice were obtained at Mil- linocket and Lewiston. At Lewiston an iron dish was filled with U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 279 PLATE VII A. EVAPORATION STATION AT SOLDIER POND. Showing raft and floating pan. B. NICATOUS FALLS, ON PASSADUMKEAG STREAM. EVAPORATION. 115 water which was allowed to freeze solid and then exposed. The loss by evaporation was determined by recording the weight of the pan from time to time. During rain and sleet storms observations had to be discontinued and the record was therefore interrupted. Owing to the fact that the evaporation was not measured for the stormy days it seems probable that the estimates made of the monthly evaporation are slightly large. As there is usually some snow during the winter months, serving to protect the lake ice cover, the actual rate of evaporation from the lakes and reservoirs is probably sm^aller than the figure given. The rate of evaporation from snow is, how- ever, an undetermined quantity. The following tables show the results in weekly and monthly periods, of the daily determinations of temperature, precipitations, and evaporation.^ Evaporation of Soldier Pond at Soldier Pond, 1905-1908. Period. Average tempera- ture of water in degrees F. Total precipi- tation in inches. Evaporation in inches. Outside pan. In pan. Total. Average. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. 1905. julv 1-8 70.5 70.9 67.7 69.2 72.8 71.9 68.0 69.6 1.02 .17 .72 .69 0.72 1.38 1.25 .95 0.090 .172 .156 .136 0.15 .25 .23 .28 0.01 July 9-16 11 July 17-24 .10 July 25-31 05 Mean, 1-31 69.6 70.6 2.60 4.30 .139 .28 01 Aug. 1-8 70.1 70.6 66.6 64.7 70.2 70.1 66.8 64.9 .46 .78 .10 .03 1.36 1.44 1.35 1.10 .170 .180 .169 .157 .21 .29 .20 .21 13 Aug. 9-16 .09 Aug. 17-24 . .15 Aug. 25-31 ,10 Mean, 1-31 68.0 68.0 1.37 5.25 .169 .29 .09 Sept. 1-8 62.0 63.0 61.6 51.9 62.2 63.0 62.0 52.3 1.06 .07 .73 .20 .63 .95 .48 .59 .079 .136 .060 .084 .15 .21 .13 .18 .01 Sept. 9-15 . . . .08 Sept. 16-23 .01 Sept. 24-30 .01 Mean, 1-30... 59.6 59.9 2.06 2.65 .088 .21 .01 Oct. 1-8 55.0 48.4 44.4 37.4 55.1 49.0 43.8 36.6 .22 ^31 1.10 .56 .53 a. 30 .12 .070 .066 a. 060 .017 .13 .11 .08 .04 .01 Oct. 9-16 04 Oct. 17-24 .04 Oct. 25-31 00 Mean, 1-31 46.3 46.1 1.63 n.bi .054 .13 .00 Nov. 1-7 35.4 35.8 34.7 35.0 1.48 .29 .11 .05 .016 .008 .03 .03 .01 Nov. 8-13 .00 1906. May 3-8 . 39.3 39.9 45.1 44.1 44.7 42.2 49.5 47.3 .10 .85 .51 .51 .33 .35 .52 .47 .055 .044 .065 .067 .07 .12 .10 .17 .04 May 9-16 .00 May 17-24 .04 May 25-31 .01 Mean, 3-31 C42. 1 C45.9 cl.97 cl.67 C.058 C.17 c 00 5 days. & 28 days. c 29 days. 1 At some of the stations, especially Millinocket, waves during occasional high winds caused the : several days' records. 116 WATER EESOUROES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Evaporation of Soldier Pond at Soldier Pond, 1905-1908 — Continued. Period. Average tempera- ture of water in degrees F. Total precipi- Evaporation in inches. Outside pan. In pan. inches. Total. Average. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. 1906. June 1-8 53.9 57.7 68.0 62.4 57.9 60.9 70.9 63.6 1.30 .34 .30 1.01 0.42 .77 1.10 .59 0.052 .110 .138 .084 0.08 .18 .18 .17 0.02 June 9-15 .04 June 16-23 .06 June 24-30 .02 Mean, 1-30 60.5 63.4 2.95 2.88 .096 .18 .02 July 1-8 65.4 70.4 73.6 75.2 65.8 71.6 74.0 75.3 .17 .24 .94 .14 .97 .87 1.20 1.30 .121 .109 .150 .186 .15 .14 .25 .23 .04 July 9-16 .07 July 17-24 .05 July 25-31 .14 Mean, 1-31 71.2 71.7 1.49 4.34 .140 .25 .04 Aug. 1-8 76.5 72.0 70.2 66.1 77.2 72.5 70.9 66.4 .27 .66 1.06 .24 1.60 1.52 1.25 .97 .200 .190 .156 .139 .27 .25 .26 .22 .13 Aug. 9-16 .09 Aug. 17-24 .10 Aug. 25-31 .09 Mean, 1-31 71.2 71.8 2.23 5.34 .172 .27 .09 Sept. 1-8 60.0 58.4 59.1 53.7 59.9 59.0 59.6 52.5 1.23 .46 .56 .47 .81 .85 .85 .59 .101 .106 .106 .098 .17 .21 .16 .14 .05 Sept. 9-16 .04 Sept. 17-24 .06 Sept. 25-30 .06 Mean, 1-30 57.8 57.8 2.72 3.10 .103 .21 .04 Oct. 1-8 51.5 48.2 49.0 47.0 50.3 47.5 48.5 45.1 .62 2.98 .64 .75 .70 .50 .44 .35 .088 .062 .055 .050 .12 .10 .09 .09 .02 Oct. 9-16 .04 Oct. 17-24 .03 Oct. 25-31 .02 Mean, 1-31 48.9 47.8 4.99 1.99 .064 .12 .02 Nov. 1-8 40.5 37.0 38.9 34.6 .12 .23 .57 .15 .071 .050 .11 .08 .04 Nov. 9-11 .02 1907. May 1-8 37.2 39.6 41.7 43.0 39.2 41.2 44.9 44.9 .49 .18 .47 1.11 .26 .34 .39 ,41 .032 .042 .049 .059 .08 .08 .08 .11 .01 May 9-16 .02 May 17-24 .02 May 25-31 .00 Mean, 1-31 40.4 42.6 2.25 1.40 .045 .11 .00 June 1-8 48.6 54.3 57.8 61.4 52.0 59.4 63.9 63.8 .98 .23 L41 .40 .64 .68 .38 .050 .092 .085 .054 .08 .13 .14 .09 .02 June 9-15 .03 June 16-23 .06 June 24-30 .01 Mean, 1-30 55.5 59.8 4.31 2.10 .070 .14 .01 July 1-8 63.9 64.0 67.7 64.2 67.0 66.5 69.2 64.9 .81 .90 .55 4.47 .70 .80 .64 .18 .088 .100 .080 .026 .17 .19 .11 .05 .02 July 9-16 .01 July 17-24 .03 July 25-31 .00 Mean, 1-31 65.0 66.9 6.73 2.32 .075 .19 .00 Aug. 1-8 65.0 65.5 64.6 63.0 67.3 66.9 66.5 63.3 • .53 2.18 .20 .36 .69 .80 .95 .72 .086 .100 .119 .103 .14 .20 .19 .15 .02 Aug. 9-16 .00 Aug. 17-24 .05 Aug. 25-31 .07 Mean, 1-31 64.5 66.0 3.27 3.16 .102 .20 .00 Sept. 1-8 60.2 59.6 59.5 55.9 61.2 61.0 61.0 56.9 !73 1.42 .87 .48 .49 .67 .39 .060 .070 .084 .056 .10 .14 .16 .08 .02 Sept. 9-15 .02 Sept 16-23 .04 Sept. 24-30 .02 Mean, 1-30 58.8 60.0 4.00 2.03 .068 .16 .02 EVAPOKATION. 117 Evaporation of Soldier Pond at Soldier Pond, 1905-1908— Contmued. Period. Average tempera- ture of water in degrees F. Total precipi- tation in inches. Evaporation in inches Outside pan. In pan. Total. Average. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. 1907. Oct. 1-8 50.6 49.0 47.2 43.4 50.7 48.8 45.8 42.5 2.26 .37 .01 1.82 0.53 .57 .67 .29 0.066 .071 .084 .041 0.09 .10 .10 .10 0.01 Oct. 9-16 .02 Oct. 17-24 .06 Oct. 25-31 .00 Mean, 1-31 47.6 47.0 4.46 2.06 .066 .10 .00 Nov. 1-8 40.6 40.0 39.9 38.7 1.03 .25 .34 .13 .042 .019 .07 .04 .00 Nov. 9-15 .00 Mean, 1-15 40.3 39.3 1.28 .47 .031 .07 .00 1908. May 12-16 40.2 43.7 45.9 45.8 51.1 48.9 .28 .09 1.80 .22 .41 .23 .044 .051 .033 .08 .06 .05 .00 May 17-24 .03 May 25-31 .02 Mean, 12-31 43.3 48.6 2.17 a.m a. 043 .08 .00 June 1-8 49.6 59.5 63.5 70.1 53.6 64.5 66.9 72.6 .15 .08 2.34 .11 .53 .62 !80 .066 .088 .085 .114 .11 .14 .19 .19 .02 June 9-15 .. .02 June 16-23 .02 June24r-30 .03 Mean, 1-30 60.7 64.4 2.68 2.63 .088 .19 .02 July 1-8 79.0 75.6 75.0 67.2 80.6 77.8 77.3 79.5 1.05 1.00 1.61 1.07 1.01 .125 .202 .134 .144 .18 .26 .18 .20 .07 July 9-16 .15 July 17-24 .44 .20 .04 July 25-31.. .10 Mean, 1-31. 74.2 78.8 1.69 4.69 .151 .26 .04 Aug. 1-8 72.9 74.0 68.0 66.5 74.8 75.9 69.0 68.5 1.52 1.15 1.10 1.33 1.17 1.08 1.06 .166 .146 .135 .152 .28 .22 .18 .17 .05 Aug. 9-16 .08 Aug. 17-24 .08 Aug 25-31 .14 Mean, 1-31 70.4 72.0 3.77 4.64 .150 .28 .05 Sept. 1-8 Sept. 9-15 65.7 66.9 64.4 65.7 67.0 68.8 67.0 68.3 .12 .98 1.05 .84 .79 .122 .150 .105 .113 .18 .22 .16 .19 .07 .09 Sept. 16-23 .12 .16 .07 Sept. 24-30 .02 Mean, 1-30 65.7 67.8 .40 3.66 .122 .22 .02 Oct. 1-8 57.8 56.3 54.1 49.0 59.8 57.7 56.1 50.4 1.20 .32 1.06 .75 .83 .33 .132 .094 .104 .047 .16 .14 .17 .09 .09 Oct. 9-16 .04 Oct. 17-24 .07 Oct. 25-31.. .40 .02 Mean, 1-31 54.3 56.0 1.92 2.97 .096 .17 .02 Nov. 1-7 35.7 36.6 .32 .21 .030 .05 .02 a 20 days. 118 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE; Evaporation of Ferguson Lake at Millinocket, 1905-1907. Aver- age tem- pera- ture of air in degrees Temperature of water, degrees F. Aver- age rela- tive humid- ity (per cent). Aver- age ane- mom- eter reading (miles daily). Total precipi- tation in inches. Evaporation in inches. Period . Out- side pan. In pan. Total. Aver- age. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. 1905. July 1-8 70.4 74.5 64.9 64.5 70.8 72.9 72.0 69.9 72.0 73.3 71.5 69.6 67.7 69.6 65.4 140 144 114 113 1.16 .07 .44 1.44 1.01 1.50 1.82 1.22 0.126 .188 .228 .175 0.09 .37 .37 .25 0.02 July 9-16 04 July 17-24 .11 July 25-31 .10 Mean, 1-31.... 68.6 71.4 71.6 68.0 128 3.11 5.55 .179 .37 .02 Aug. 1-8 67.9 67.6 62.7 56.5 69.3 70.7 68.8 66.4 69.1 70.6 68.5 65.9 67.8 69.0 69.8 67.0 113 115 114 101 .19 1.54 .27 .03 1.27 1.56 1.59 1.38 .159 .195 .199 .197 .28 .41 .26 .24 .08 Aug. 9-16 08 Aug. 17-24 Aug. 25-31 . .10 .13 Mean, 1-31 .... 63.7 68.8 68.5 68.4 111 2.03 5.80 .187 .41 .08 Sept. 1-8 59.4 56.6 58.6 46.9 64.5 64.0 60.8 56.0 64.0 64.1 60.6 55.1 82.1 73.7 82.2 72.7 80.8 122 130 130 2.40 ..36 .62 .16 .70 1.00 .60 1.02 .088 .143 .075 .146 .24 .22 !l9 .28 .00 Sept. 9-15 .07 Sept. 16-23 .00 Sept. 24-30 06 Mean, 1-30.... 55.4 61.3 61.0 77.7 116 3.54 3.32 .111 .28 .00 Oct 1-8 52.6 47.1 42.1 32.8 54.9 51.9 48.0 43.0 54.6 51.2 47.9 40.8 66.5 70.5 68.6 64.1 128 160 160 85.0 .02 .63 .90 .00 .92 .69 .74 .59 .115 .086 .092 .084 .20 .15 .18 .16 .06 Oct. 9-16 .00 Oct. 17-24 .04 Oct. 25-31 .05 Mean, 1-31 .... 43.6 49.4 48.6 67.4 133 1.55 2.94 .095 .20 .00 Nov. 1-8 33.5 28.9 39.1 37.1 38.6 35.6 84.8 83.4 124 139 2.12 """■.08" .30 .24 .355 .038 .034 .044 .11 .07 .12 .00 Nov. 9-15 .01 Nov 20-27 — .005 Dec 15-20 .08 .12 .013 .024 .03 .03 .00 Dec. 23-27. ... .01 .02 1906. Feb 13-16 1.00 2.29 .11 .21 .028 .026 .07 .06 .00 Feb.27-Mar.6. . .. .01 Mar. 7-15 1.83 2.07 .29 .36 .032 .036 .06 .07 .01 Mar. 16-'>5 — .04 July 1-8 65.8 69.4 70.4 69.6 65.4 67.3 70.9 71.3 66.4 67.6 71.2 71.3 56.8 76.8 78.9 68.9 100 83.7 114 95 .34 1.49 1.53 .33 1.49 .93 1.15 1.23 .186 .116 .144 .176 .22 .17 .27 .24 .14 July 9-16 .02 July 17-24 .04 July 25-31 .11 Mean, 1-31 .... 68.8 68.7 69.1 70.3 98.2 3.69 4.80 .155 .27 .02 Aug 1-8 71.8 65.6 73.8 63.6 72.2 71.4 70.8 72.3 70.6 71.3 69.0 68.0 65.8 70.0 75.6 91.2 127 93.2 121 .01 .40 .58 .91 1.43 2.10 1.19 1.19 .179 .262 .149 .170 .26 .41 .22 .27 .06 Aug. 9-16. . .12 Aug 17-24 .04 Aug. 25-31 . - .09 Mean, 1-31.... 68.7 71.0 70.8 69.8 108 1.90 5.91 .191 .41 .04 Sept. 1-8 56.4 60.9 59.4 52.1 62.6 62.6 62.2 58.1 61.9 61.9 61.2 56.8 76.6 84.5 88.9 76.5 146 121 88.8 1.50 .64 .40 .54 1.61 1.23 1.11 .55 .201 .154 .139 .092 .39 .32 .22 .15 .07 Sept. 9-16 .05 Sept. 17-24 .03 Sept. 25-30 .02 Mean, 1-30 57.2 61.4 60.4 81.6 3.08 4.50 .150 .39 .02 Oct. 1-8 52.2 47.6 45.0 42.2 56.7 51.0 50.4 47.9 55.0 49.4 49.2 46.4 89.3 89.4 86.0 86.3 ""l05'"" 69.8 1.36 1.00 3.20 1.05 1.90 a. 47 a. 53 .47 .35 «.094 a. 106 .059 .050 .14 .19 .09 .09 .05 Oct. 9-16 .05 Oct. 17-24. .01 Oct. 25-31 .02 Mean, 1-31 46.7 51.5 50.0 87.8 7.15 61.82 .073 .19 .01 '' 5 days. 1 25 days. E V APOK ATIO N . 119 Evaporation of Ferguson Lake at Millinocket, 1905-1907 — Continued. Period. 1906. Nov. 1-8 Nov. 9-16 Nov. 17-24 Nov. 25-30 1907. May 1-8 May 9-16 May 17-24 May 25-31 Mean, 1-31 June 1-8 June 9-15 June 16-23 June 24-30 Mean, 1-30 July 1-8 July 9-16 July 17-24 July 25-31 Mean, 1-31 Aug. 1-8 Aug. 9-16 Aug. 17-24 Aug. 26-31 Mean, 1-31 Sept. 1-8 Sept. 9-15 Sept. 16-23 Sept. 24-30 Mean, 1-30 Oct. 1-8 Oct. 9-16 Oct. 17-24 Oct. 25-31 Mean, 1-31 a 4 days. Aver- age tem- pera- ture of air in degrees F. 36.7 32.2 35.8 24.5 43.8 49.8 53.2 49.6 49.1 56.0 58.9 69.0 68.8 63.2 68.2 68.8 74.0 64.8 ).0 67.4 70.5 65.5 61.0 60.2 58.5 52.6 58.0 49.2 46.1 41.1 39.4 44.0 Temperature of water, degrees F. Out- side pan. 40.5 36.7 35.2 33.1 40.0 42.2 48.5 47.9 44. 50.9 54.0 60.0 64.3 57.3 64.1 65.3 68.5 65.4 65.1 66.8 67.8 66.2 63.5 61.1 57.2 60.7 53.0 49.8 46.3 41.6 47.7 In pan. 39.4 35.8 34.5 32.1 40.2 42.6 49.1 48.5 45.1 51.5 54.3 60.6 64.9 57.8 64.5 65.5 65! 9 66.9 68.3 65.6 63.0 66.0 61.4 62.0 60.5 55.2 59.8 51.6 48.2 44.3 40.5 Aver- age rela- tive humid- ity (per cent). 71.6 83.3 74.4 79.6 Aver- age ane- mom- eter reading (miles daily). 152 153 74.3 68.0 70.8 78.1 72.8 76.5 80.0 87.4 85.5 82.4 90.6 89.7 84.8 93.8 95.0 90.5 95.7 92.8 91.0 71.2 81.7 72.6 82.7 78.6 62.0 73.5 74.2 133 161 174 144 153 79. 110 33.6 74. i 28.7 67.1 117 102 78.7 143 126 171 132 80.5 106 90 116 122 78.6 136 136 118 Total pi-efipi- tation in inches. 1.41 1.59 .23 .58 .04 .73 1.01 2.36 .45 .37 .02 4.76 5.60 1.16 1.09 .95 1.47 4.67 2.91 .15 .22 .76 4.04 2.58 .05 1.94 5.16 .93 1.37 Evaporation in inches. Total. 0.61 .31 0.10 6.31 C.57 d.51 .76 «2.15 Aver- age. 0.076 .039 a. 025 b.C62 C.081 d.085 .109 2.85 .85 1.19 1.28 3.94 .85 1.69 1.46 1.39 5.39 .94 .74 1.16 3.72 .079 .110 .105 .087 ,095 ,106 ,149 ,160 ,089 .127 .106 .211 ,182 118 106 145 126 124 .112 .095 .112 .060 ,096 Maxi- mum. 0.13 ,20 .20 25 28 .27 Mini- mum. 0.00 .02 .02 .04 ,00 ,04 .00 .02 b 5 days. : 7 days. d 6 days. 25 days. 120 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Evaporation of Androscoggin River at Lewiston, 1905-1907. Period. Aver- age tem- pera- ture of air in degrees Average tem- perature of wa- ter, degrees F. Aver- rela- tive humid- ity (per cent). Aver- age ane- mom- eter reading (mUes daily). Total precipi- tation in inches. Evaporation in inches. Out- side pan. In pan. Total. Aver- age. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. 1905. July 1-8 66.5 72.2 67.5 63.8 69.9 78.1 76.4 72.0 70.4 78.1 76.2 71.9 64.9 68.4 66.8 62.6 49.8 67.0 0.64 .11 .59 2.95 0.96 1.88 2.09 1.06 0.120 .235 .261 .151 0.21 .37 .33 .23 0.01 July 9-16 .12 July 17-24 .16 July 25-31 .02 Mean 1-31 67.5 74.1 74.2 67.0 61.6 4.29 5.99 .193 .37 .01 Aug. 1-8 Aug. 9-16 68.4 70.8 65.2 63.5 67.0 74.6 69.3 68.9 67.6 74.3 69.3 68.6 69.9 71.5 67.0 65.4 47.0 49.2 42.8 49.7 .72 1.16 """.'19' .82 1.20 1.16 1.14 .102 .150 .145 .163 .14 .29 .18 .20 .02 .07 Aug. 17-24 .10 Aug. 25-31 .07 Mean 1-31..... 67.0 70.0 70.0 68.4 47.2 2.07 4.32 .139 .29 .02 Sept. 1-8 62.2 61.2 60.6 51.9 64.4 64.1 60.1 57.2 64.5 64.1 60.0 56.9 79.0 71.1 78.8 66.3 41.9 68.7 39.6 87.0 3.28 .94 1.26 .02 .54 .94 .52 1.02 .068 .134 .065 .146 .15 .31 .13 .28 .00 Sept. 9-15 .05 Sept. 16-23 Sept. 24-30 .00 .05 Mean 1-30 59.0 62.4 61.4 73.8 59.3 5.50 3.02 .101 .31 .00 Oct. 1-8 58.2 52.6 48.6 38.6 57.4 54.2 50.3 43.3 57.6 54.1 50.2 43.0 65.7 62.7 61.6 54.4 74.7 87.6 75.0 58.4 .04 .75 .23 T. .83 .76 .56 .39 .104 .095 .070 .056 .28 .16 .14 .09 .02 Oct. 9-16 .01 Oct. 17-24 - .01 Oct. 25-31 .02 Mean 1-31 49.5 51.3 51.2 61.1 73.9 1.02 2.54 .082 .28 - .01 Nov. 1-8 38.0 33.4 34.8 34.8 36.9 38.7 35.4 33.4 38.4 34.9 33.4 78.6 69.0 69.9 39.3 59.5 83.4 80.9 122 66.2 114 2.41 .10 .49 '"'".'94" .25 0.13 .02 .51 c.lO .031 a. 021 .12 .04 .00 Nov. 9-15 .00 Nov. 16-18 Nov. 19-24. .085 .15 .03 Nov 25-30 b Dec 4-12 27.2 22.2 28.0 66.8 61.2 65.2 88.7 42.8 43.2 .73 .05 .06 .25 .12 .12 .028 .015 .024 .08 .03 .05 .00 Dec. 13-20 . .01 Dec 23-27 .01 Mean 1-31 27.2 67.3 63.4 3.65 d.eo d.025 .09 .00 1906. Jan. 4-9 24.3 28.8 28.3 29.7 65.8 77 38.0 59.5 78.0 75 81.3 74.9 ;27 .24 .34 .24 .16 .16 .23 .040 .053 .053 .029 .09 .08 .11 .07 .01 Jan. 12-14 .04 Jan. 17-19 .02 Jan 24-31 .00 Mean 1-31 27.3 67.7 72.1 3.15 e.90 .041 .11 .00 Feb. 1-8 20.0 20.1 26.2 31.7 69.2 75.7 67.0 58.7 97.8 72.6 65.3 136 .09 1.13 .12 .25 .22 .10 .30 /.43 .028 .014 .043 /.086 .05 .04 .11 .13 .00 Feb. 9-15 - .01 Feb. 16-22 .01 Feb. 23-28 .02 Mean 1-28 .... 24.5 67.6 92.9 1.59 ^1.05 g.039 .13 — .01 Mar. 1-8 25.0 22.0 22.4 31.1 52.3 63.7 59.0 54.1 103 137 103 77.6 1.31 .58 .99 .45 .36 .49 .53 /.49 .045 .070 .088 /.098 .09 .12 .16 .18 .01 Mar. 11-17 - .02 Mar. 18-23 .01 Mar. 24-31 .01 Mean 1-31 26.1 58.5 116 4.51 A 1.87 A. 072 .18 — .02 a 6 days. b Evaporation from water, Nov. 1-18; evaporation from ice, Nov. 19-30. c 1 day. d 24 days. e 22 days. / 5 days. g 27 days. h 26 days. EVAPORATION. 121 JEvaporation of Androscoggin River at Lewiston, 1905-1907- — Continued. Period. Aver- age tem- pera- ture of air in degrees Average tem- perature of wa- ter, degrees F. Aver- rela- tive humid- ity (per cent). Aver- age ane- mom- eter reading (miles daUy). Total precipi- tation in inches. Evaporation in inches. Out- side pan. In pan. Total. Aver- age. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. 1906. Apr. 1-8 36.5 41.5 47.9 44.7 32.4 63.6 46.1 71.9 84.2 73.7 89.0 98.3 0.05 2.36 .03 .48 0.87 a .38 51.24 .41 0.109 a. 127 &.177 .059 0.18 .16 .26 .13 0.04 Apr. 9-15 .10 Apr. 16-23 .11 Apr. 24-30 41.9 43.6 .00 Mean 1-30 42.6 52.5 86.3 2.92 C2.90 C.116 .26 .00 May 1-8 50.1 50.4 58.7 52.9 45.9 47.2 55.5 56.3 46.9 47.9 56.4 56.6 68.9 62.2 64.6 73.6 86.0 87.6 92.8 84.9 .28 .28 .24 3.33 .28 .49 .95 .42 .035 .061 .119 .060 .08 .11 .22 .15 .00 May 9-16 ... .02 May 17-24 .03 May 25-31 . .00 Mean 1-31 53.0 51.2 52.0 67.3 87.9 4.13 2.14 .069 .22 .00 June 1-8 ; . 62.1 64.6 62.6 68.6 59.3 62.2 65.8 67.1 60.1 63.4 66.0 67.7 74.4 56.2 "'65.'4" 65.2 100 71.1 56.5 1.07 .03 4.46 2.11 .40 1.13 .86 .47 .050 .161 .108 .067 .10 .29 .19 .12 .00 June 9-15 .05 June 16-23.. .06 June 24-30 .01 Mean 1-30 64.3 63.5 64.2 66.2 73.5 7.67 2.86 .095 .29 .00 July 1-8 67.8 71.6 74.6 71.8 70.9 72.8 76.7 75.2 71.4 73.2 76.7 75.4 62.5 72.3 73.7 70.9 "■■68.'2' 1.18 1.29 2.44 .59 1.26 1.07 1.32 1.14 .158 .134 .165 .163 .23 .22 .25 .24 .01 July 9-16 .. .07 July 17-24 .07 July 25-31 .05 Mean 1-31 69.2 71.6 71.8 67.7 5.50 4.79 .154 .25 .01 Aug. 1-8.. 73.7 72'. 6 68.2 76.4 76.5 77.2 74.3 76.6 76.3 77.5 74.1 72.6 60.4 70.1 69.8 62.0 87.0 60.0 94.0 .07 .30 .29 .15 1.29 2.04 1.30 1.33 .161 .255 .162 .190 .20 .34 .36 .29 .14 Aug. 9-16 .16 Aug. 17-24 07 Aug. 25-31 .10 Mean 1-31 71.0 76.1 76.1 68.2 75.8 .81 5.96 .192 .36 .07 Sept. 1-8 62.0 63.8 63.5 55.6 66.8 67.5 67.0 61.3 66.4 67.5 66.8 61.4 66.0 63.5 67.8 65.3 99.3 85.9 75.6 87.3 .05 .41 .24 .26 1.58 1.11 1.14 .90 .198 .139 .142 .150 .39 .25 .33 .22 .10 Sept. 9-16 04 Sept. 17-24.. .05 Sept. 25-30 .08 Mean 1-30 61.2 65.6 65.5 65.6 87.0 .96 4.73 .158 .39 .04 Oct. 1-8 54.5 47.9 50.0 38.4 58.2 52.5 51.6 42.8 58.6 52.2 51.4 42.5 66.1 75.3 81.1 79.9 78.1 81.3 53.5 46.1 .54 1.85 .59 1.99 .92 .64 .33 .41 .115 .080 .041 .059 .16 .13 .07 .12 .03 Oct. 9-16. . . 00 Oct. 17-24 .00 Oct. 25-31.. 00 Mean 1-31 47.7 51.3 51.2 75.7 64.8 4.97 2.30 .074 .16 .00 Nov. 1-8 40.4 32.8 38.0 30.6 40.9 37.1 40.6 36.7 52.6 74.9 61.5 87.9 158 85.5 82.2 77.3 .47 2.28 .19 .44 .62 .09 .078 .011 .12 .03 00 Nov. 9-16 .00 Nov. 17-24 Nov. 25-30 Mean 1-30 . . . 35.4 15.3 14.0 20.2 25.0 69.2 101 3.38 Dec. 1-8 65.8 74.0 77.6 78.6 147 59.3 77.2 67.3 .76 .96 .98 1.20 d.04 C.08 /.08 ^.08 Dec. 9-16 e 013 /.020 9 .027 .03 .04 .04 00 Dec. 17-24 .01 Dec. 25-31 00 Mean 1-31 18.6 74.0 87.7 3.90 ^.28 9.020 1907. Jaa.1-8 30.5 15.0 9.9 11.1 68.7 70.7 69.0 68.7 68.8 108 100 66.1 .77 .44 .92 .32 /.13 ft. 16 A. 08 .10 f .032 ft. 032 ft. 016 .014 .06 .06 .04 .03 01 Jan. 9-16 01 Jan. 17-24 00 Jan. 25-31 00 Mean 1-31 16.6 69.3 85.7 2.45 i.47 *.022 .06 .00 a 3 days. 6 7 days. c2 dl 5 days, day. c6day /4da3 s. 91 AS 4 days, days. i 21 daj rs. 122 WATEB EESOITKCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Evaporation of Androscoggin River at Lewiston, 1905-1907— Continued. Period. Aver- age tem- pera- ture of air in degrees Average tem- perature of wa- ter, degrees F. Aver- rela- tive humid- ity (per cent). Aver- age ane- mom- eter reading (miles daily). Total precipi- tation in inches. Evaporation in inches. Out- side pan. In pan. Total. Aver- age. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. 1907. Feb. 1 8 14.7 18.1 15.2 11.6 70.0 68.6 66.9 59.2 99.0 86.0 118 141 0.76 .23 .55 .75 0.14 a. 19 a. 23 .13 0.018 1 J 1 Feet 500 400 300 200 100 s A/brtft Twin Luke Norcross^\ ^^j^^t? Qiiakish ^^^^"W^-ai^^^^et \/i^hMP(md ^ ftj fe/NTcliatou Island y^ ^ fMedway Winn \ ^ \ gS5/ 1 UJ UJ . Miles 2 80, 82 g ck Island , VMattanaw Ni 86 £ cook Islan 18 9 V d land -^C^ ^ ■ sey IS NCH). 5 1 1 ^ Feet \ North Twin Lake ^1 I I: i s 2§ iJi 31) a2 34 36 38 PLAN AND PROFILE OF PENOBSCOT RIVER FROM BANGOR TO NORTH TWIN LAKE (WEST BRANCH WATEE POWER. 147 From the point of view of the engineer the work presents no serious difficulties, but the power developments below the proposed diversion and many other conflicting property interests bring up many serious problems. It is proposed to increase greatly the storage upon the various branches in connection with the project. The cost is esti- mated at $3,000,000 to $7,000,000, depending upon the plans adopted. Oldtown to Shad Pond. — From Oldtown to Shad Pond, near Milli- nocket, the river consists of many rapids separated by stretches of quick water and some comparatively slack water. The following table gives the name, location, elevation, and differences in elevation of a number of controlling points in this distance : Distances and elevations along Penobscot River between Oldtown and Shad Pond. Locality. Distance above Oldtown. Distance between points. Eleva- tion above sea level. Differ- ence in eleva- tions. Crest of Oldtown dam Olamon Stream, outlet Passadumkeag Rapids, head (crib) West Enfield dam: Foot Crest i Mohawk Rapids, foot Brown Islands Five Island Rapids: Foot Head Mattaseunk Stream Bartlett Brook, head of Mattaseunk Rapids Joe Mary Rapids Medway, East Branch Rockaliema Rapids, head Burnt Land Rapids, head Shad Pond Miles. 12.25 25.5 30.75 36.7 36.7 42.4 58.6 60.0 60.6 65.0 67.3 70.7 73.6 74.7 75.8 Miles. 13.25 5.25 5.95 0.00 5.70 16.20 1.40 .60 4.40 2.30 3.40 2.90 1.10 LIO 6.80 Feet. Feet. Ill 128 131 152 154 169 175 182 189 203 224 230 245 260 343 Note. — The river from Burnt Land Rapids to Shad Pond is practically all developed. Between the slack water above Oldtov/n dam and the outlet of Olamon Stream, a distance of 13.25 miles, the difference in elevation is but 12 feet. The river is wide, contains many islands, and is bor- dered by much low land. Power sites are practically lacking. From Olamon Stream to a crib dam (used to divert logs) at the head of Pas- sadumkeag Rapids, a distance of 5.25 miles, the banks become higher, the river is narrower, and although islands are still numerous, they are much smaller. In this stretch there is a gradual fall of nearly 17 feet. Between the head of Passadumkeag Rapids and the foot of West Enfield dam, a distance of 5.95 miles, the difference in elevation is only 3 feet. The West Enfield dam gives a head of 19 to 21 feet. In the 5.7 miles between the dam and the foot of Mohawk Rapids the fall is but 2 feet. The foot of Mohawk Rapids is at elevation 154 feet above sea level. If a 16-foot dam should be constructed there, the slack- water limit would reach the lower end of Brown Islands, 16 miles up river. Only a small area of lateral land would be submerged, although some dam- 148 age would be created at Lincoln. The minimum flow with present storage at Mohawk Rapids is about 3,400 second-feet. Maximum pri- mary development over the 16-foot dam would be equivalent to about 4,700 horsepower; with increased storage as suggested in the table on page 208 the primary power would be about 5,700 horsepower. Between the foot of Five Island Rapids and the mouth of Mattawam- keag River, a distance of 2.3 miles, the fall is about 11 feet. A dam constructed on Five Islands Rapids, with its crest at elevation 200 feet above sea level, would control a head of about 25 feet. The pondage would extend about 2i miles up Mattawamkeag River, flood ing out a part of Stratton Rips but apparently causing little damage to the town of Mattawamkeag. The roadbed of the Maine Central Railroad would, however, be somewhat damaged, and perhaps also the Canadian Pacific Railway bridge across the main river. The backwater would extend up the main river about 6^ miles from the dam site, per- haps causing some damage at Jordan Mills. The available primary power developed over a head of 25 feet is about 7,700 horsepower; that available under increased storage is 9,100 horsepower. Another plan would be to build a dam near Jordan Mills, 4.4 miles from Five Island Rapids. A dam constructed here to elevation 220 feet above sea level would afl^ord a head of 31 feet, and the 220-foot contour would intersect' the present water surface 5 miles up river, be- tween Salmon Stream Rapids and Joe Mary Rapids. Apparently the pondage would cause little damage except in places to the highway. In the 5.8 miles between this point and the head of Burnt Land Rips the fall is 40 feet. The East Branch joins the main river about li miles below the rips at Medway. A part of this fall could probably be developed by a dam near the head of the Joe Mary Rapids, but the pondage created by a high dam would cause damage at Medway on the East Branch, a rise of 25 feet at the mouth backing the water up- stream over 7 miles. Between Burnt Land Rips and Shad Pond, a distance of about 6J miles, the fall is about 83 feet, of which 75 feet is developed. From Shad Pond to Quakish Lake, a distance of about 4 miles, the fall is more than 90 feet, all included in the development at Millinocket. (See p. 142.) WEST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER ABOVE AMBEJEJUS LAKE. The valley of the West Branch of Penobscot River from Twin Lakes to Chesuncook Lake is rugged and picturesque. The total fall in this distance of 25 miles, measured from the sill of the deep gates of Chesuncook dam to the elevation of the sill of the deep gates of North Twin dam, is 444 feet. Chesuncook dam will hold a head of about 22 feet, and the level of the lower lakes may be raised 25 feet WATER POWER. 149 by North Twin dam. Of this 444 feet, 310 feet occurs in the first 10 miles, and 240 in the first 5 J miles below Chesuncook dam. A number of abrupt falls occur in this stretch of river. The follow- ing table gives the name, location, elevation, and differences of eleva- tion of the several falls: Distances and elevations along West Branch of Penobscot River from Ambejejus Lake to Chesuncook Lake. [Elevation of Ambejejus Lake above sea level, 465 to 490 feet.] Locality. Distance from lake. Distance between points. Eleva- tion above sea level. Differ- ence in eleva- tion. Ambejejus Falls: Foot Head Passagormuc Falls: Foot Head Debsconeag Falls: Foot Head Pockwockomus Falls: Foot Head Abol Falls: Foot Head Sourdnahunk Falls: Foot Head Big Ambejamackamus Falls: Foot Head Big Eddy Sill Ripogenus dam, foot of lake Head of Ripogenus Lake (mean low-water surface) Sill of Chesuncook dam Miles. 0.00 0.40 L87 2.10 5.35 5.60 8.50 8.95 9.65 10.15 13.30 13.70 16.98 17.65 19.60 22.00 24.53 25.10 Miles. 0.40 L47 .23 3.25 .25 2.90 .45 .70 .50 . 3.15 .40 3.28 .67 1.95 2.40 2.53 .57 Feet. o478 488 499 527 528 549 551 564 573 Feet. 624 653 883 909 10 00 10 1 28 1 21 2 13 9 25 26 29 15 214 1 26 aTbe elevation of Ambejejus Lake is controlled by North Twin dam. Elevation of deep gates =465 E le vation of flashb oards = 490 . Mean = 478 . b The elevation of the water surface above Sourdnahunk Falls is controlled by the dam at head of main pitch. Elevation of water surface at mean low water under natural conditions is about 590. Elevation of spillway of dam = 606. Mean = 598. Ambejejus and Passamagormuc falls, the first two met in going up the river from Ambejejus Lake, are comparatively unimportant as power sites on account of the backwater from the Twin Lakes system. Ambejejus Falls have been submerged by the erection of Twin dam. With water at dam crest elevation (484.6 feet above sea level) only about 2 feet of the faU remains unsubmerged. The extreme flashboard elevation on these lakes is 489.62 feet. With flashboards raised submergence of these faUs is complete and slack water extends up beyond the foot of Passamagormuc Falls. The elevation of the foot of Passamagormuc Falls is 488 feet above sea level. If additional storage should be provided for the Twin Lakes system, the 8-foot fall at Passamagormuc would also be largely submerged. At Debsconeag Falls, about 5 J miles above the lower lakes, the river descends about 28 feet in one-fourth mile. The upper portion of the faU is over solid ledge, the lower over rocks and bowlders. The land is high on both sides, and affords an excellent dam site. The available head could easily be increased 5 feet. The distance to the 150 WATEE RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. next fall above is nearly 3 miles, and the river affords considerable natural pondage. A 5-foot vertical increase would create much more. A few sporting camps are located within this area, which would probably be damaged by any considerable rise, but otherwise the only damage would be to timber. In the stretch between the head of Debsconeag and the foot of Pockwockomus falls the river is practically level, but at Pock- wockomus it descends about 21 feet in one-half mile, making two pitches. The right bank is high, but the left slopes gradually. The locality affords a very good dam site, and but little pondage would be caused by raising the level of the water above the falls. About 0.7 mile farther upstream, or 9.65 miles above the lower lakes, is Abol Falls. This fall is about one-half mile long and is composed of two pitches, the total descent being about 13 feet. The bed is rough, with many rocks and bowlders, and the banks are fairly high on both sides. Dam sites are available, though the conditions are not so favorable as at the two previous sites. The raising of the water surface to any great extent above the falls would create con- siderable pondage and would flood out numerous lagoons. Abol and Katahdin streams enter just above the head of Abol Falls, their waters coming from the vicinity of Mount Katahdin. Between this point and the foot of Sourdnahunk Falls, a distance of 2.75 miles, the current is stronger and there are occasional rips. Sourdnahunk Falls is nearly 13 miles above the lower lakes, is about 0.4 mile long, and makes a natural descent of about 17 feet. At the head of the upper pitch is a log-driving dam, the spillway of which is at elevation 606 feet above sea level; as the elevation of the water surface at foot of lower pitch is 573 feet, the difference is 33 feet. The fall is crooked, rough, and rocky, the upper portion being over and through the solid ledge. The natural upper pitch is abrupt and about 9 feet high; it affords an excellent dam site between ledge abutments. The present dam forms a pond, called Sourdnahunk dead water, which stretches back 2.2 miles, and in places is of considerable width and depth. From the head of Sourdnahunk dead water to the foot of Big Ambejamackamus Falls, 1 mile farther upstream, extends what is known as the Horserace. The elevation of the water surface at the head of the Horserace is 624 feet above sea level; the level of the foot is controlled by Sourdnahunk dead water, which, as previously explained, is in turn controlled by the dam below. The fall of 15 to 30 feet is over a rocky bed, between gradually sloping banks, and is distributed very evenly through the entire distance. Immediately above the Horserace commences Big Ambejamack- amus Falls. The elevation of the foot of the falls is 624 feet; that WATER POWER. l5l of the head is 653 feet above sea level; the fall is therefore 29 feet in 0.67 mile. Through most of this distance the stream flows over the solid ledge between high banks and is very crooked. The locality affords an excellent dam site. Between Big Ambejamackamus and the Big Eddy, a distance of 1.95 miles, the fall is about 15 feet. It is made up of several pitches and considerable reaches of rapid water. In the 2.4 miles between the Big Eddy and Ripogenus dam, at the foot of Ripogenus Lake, the fall is 214 feet. In this stretch the river is a torrent, flowing through ledges with almost vertical sides, 40 to 75 feet high. In many places it is very narrow and affords excellent dam sites. The drainage area at the outlet of Ripogenus Lake is 1,410 square miles. Under natural conditions this should provide an extreme low-water flow of perhaps 400 second-feet, which would give, under a fall of 214 feet, nearly 10,000 gross horsepower. Under fuUy developed storage, as indicated on page 208, this could be increased to upward of 40,000 horsepower. The difference in elevation between the mean low-water surface of Ripogenus Lake and the sill of the deep gates of Chesuncook dam is about 26 feet; the fall is made in about 0.57 mile, with most of it, however, in less than half this distance. The dam at the outlet of Chesuncook is a timber crib structure, about 1,500 feet long, and controls a head of about 22 feet; it is used for storage for log driving and power. This dam is 25.1 miles above the lower lakes. From Chesuncook dam to the head of Chesuncook Lake the dis- tance is about 16 miles, and that from the head of the lake to See- boomook dam is 29 miles. The elevation of the water surface of Seeboomook dam, with gates open, is 1,041.5 feet above sea level. As the elevation of the water of Chesuncook Lake when full is 930.6 feet, the total fall in the 29 miles is 111 feet. Within 4 J miles from Chesuncook are Pine Stream Falls and Rocky Rips. The former is entirely and the latter partly submerged when the lake surface is at elevation 930.6 feet, the pondage under this condition extending 4.3 miles up the river. At ordinary stages Rocky Rips affords a fall of about 7 feet, but high water in the lake reduces it to about 2 feet. The head of Rocky Rips is 4.6 miles from the lake at elevation 932.6 feet. Between Rocky Rips and the foot of Fox Hole Rips, about 7 miles from Chesuncook, the fall is about 1.4 feet. The head of Fox Hole Rips is about 8.65 miles above the lake and is at elevation 952 feet (approximately), giving a fall of about 18 feet in a distance of 1.65 miles. The best dam site is probably just below the island near the head of the rips. At this point the elevation of the water surface is about 945 feet above sea level and a dam raising the water 20 feet, or to elevation 965 feet, would afford a total head of about 30 feet 152 WATEE RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. by means of a canal and penstock on the right bank. The 965-foot contour would meet the present water surface of the river at a dis- tance of 25.25 miles from Chesuncook, forming a pond 17 miles long. This would do no especial harm in the vicinity of Joe Smith's Half- way House, as the banks at this place are quite high and his main buildings are situated at elevation about 980 feet. Such a pond would probably raise Lobster Lake slightly, the elevation of the river at Lobster Stream inlet being about 962 feet above sea level. No data are available as to the width of this pond in the low stretch of river between the rips and a point some distance above Northeast Carry, but it would undoubtedly be considerable. The natural stretch of slack water ends about 4.65 miles above Northeast Carry, or 24.9 miles from Chesuncook. In the IJ miles between Northeast Carry and the foot of the Roll dam the fall is about 14 feet. The elevation of the top of the Roll dam is 985 feet and the fall is about 9 feet. In the next three- quarters of a mile above, the fall is 27 feet, the shores are fairly steep, and the bed rough and rocky. This 27-foot fall may be said to consti- tute the lower pitch of Seeboomook Falls; another pitch of about 4 feet is made 28 miles from Chesuncook, but the upper pitch is located 28.9 miles from the lake, or about 2J miles above the Roll dam, the foot of this pitch being at elevation 1,019 feet above sea level. The water surface above the dam at this point, when the gates are open, is at elevation 1,041.5, giving a fall of 22 J feet; the elevation of the crest of the dam is at 1,050.6. This dam is of rough timber con- struction and is used for log driving. EAST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER. MEDWAY TO GRAND LAKE. The East Branch differs from the West Branch in having a steadier fall and fewer abrupt pitches, and it is therefore less attractive for power development than the West Branch. The adjacent country, like that bordering the West Branch, is largely timber and wild land, and power can be developed without damage to property. Between Medway, at the mouth of the East Branch, and Grand Lake, about 47.5 miles, the fall is 408 feet, it is wholly undeveloped, and is quite evenly distributed. The following table gives the name, location, elevation, and differ- ences of elevation of the falls between Medway and Grand Lake: WATER POWER. 153 Falls on East Branch of Penobscot River between Medway and Grand Lahe. Locality. Distance above Medway. Distance between points. Eleva- tion above sea level. Differ- ence in eleva- tion. Medway Ledge Falls: Foot Head Rocky Rips: Foot Head Grindstone Falls: Foot Head Crowfoot Falls: Foot Head Whetstone Falls: Foot Head Matagamon House Wessataquoik Stream East Branch crossing Little Seboeis River Seboeis River Lower Monument line Little Spring Brook Big Spring Brook The Grand Falls: Bowlin Pitch: Foot Head Hulling Machine: Foot Head . . . Grand Pitch: Foot Head Pond Pitch: Foot Head Haskell Rock Pitch: Foot. Head Stair Falls: Foot Head Sill of Grand Lake dam ... Miles. 0.0 2.1 2.4 7.1 7.4 8.3 9.4 11.2 11.3 20.5 20.9 22.6 23.5 24.3 24.8 26.8 27.7 33.7 36.1 37.1 37.2 38.1 38.3 39.0 39.1 39.7 39.8 40.1 40.8 41.7 42.5 47.5 Miles. 2.1 .3 4.7 .3 .5 2.0 .9 6.0 2.4 1.0 .1 .9 .2 .7 .1 .6 .1 .3 .7 Feet. 233 241 247 258 265 271 301 301 303 330 341 342 345 347 347 348 351 396 425 433 438 446 468 482 501 520 531 537 580 587 605 641.2 Feet. In the 2.1 miles between Medway and Ledge Falls the fall is about 8 feet, the most of this occurring in the upper half of the distance. At Ledge Falls the river makes a descent of 6 feet in 0.3 mile. About 1,000 feet from the mouth of the East Branch is an excellent dam site; a head of about 20 feet could be obtained at this point and the pondage would cause damage only to a newly constructed railroad and to farming lands. At Ledge Falls a dam 700 to 1,000 feet long would afford a head of about 20 feet; the pond would extend about 5 miles up river, would damage farming lands, and in places would overflow the highway. Ledge Falls is about 5.9 miles below the foot of Grindstone Falls, which is 8.3 miles above Medway. At Grindstone the river makes a descent of 30 feet in a distance of 1.1 miles, the head of the falls being located only a short distance below the Bangor & Aroostook Railroad bridge. Grindstone Falls probably affords the best power site on the East Branch, taking into consideration the available head, flow, and proximity to the railroad. Near the foot of the upper pitch is an excellent site for dam about 800 feet long between solid ledge abutments and very high banks. The fall is, for the most part, over ledge, the stratification planes of which are almost perpendicu- 154 WATEB RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. lar to the current. The head might possibly be increased 8 to 10 feet without creating much damage; an increase of about 20 feet, however, would submerge most of the buildings near the railroad station, and would require railing the railroad track several feet. The regular gaging station of the United States Geological Survey is located at this bridge, the drainage area at this point being 1,100 square miles. Between the head of Grindstone Falls and the foot of Whetstone Falls, a distance of 11.2 miles, the fall is about 29 feet. At Whetstone Falls a descent of 11 feet in 0.4 mile is made in two pitches with a short stretch of slack water between. The bed is rough and is similar to that at Grindstone Falls. The shores are ledgy, with compara- tively low banks, and little increase in head over the natural fall could be gained by constructing a dam. On the whole this power site is not attractive. From the head of Whetstone Falls to a point about one-half mile below the mouth of Wessataquoik River, a distance of 2 miles, the land is very low. Above this point the banks are higher, especially the left, up to Seboeis River, where low land again begins, the fall in about 6 miles being OJ feet. This low stretch continues to and above ' 'Monument Line,'' about 1 mile above Seboeis River, where a large expanse of meadow is entirely under water during the spring freshets. In the 9.4 miles between Monument Line and the foot of Bowlin Falls the fall is about 82 feet, or nearly 9 feet per mile, rather uniformly distributed. In this stretch the stream flows over gravel and bowlders and between comparatively low banks; not more than from 10 to 15 feet of the fall could be utilized at any one point and there would be much overflowed land. A dam about three-quarters of a mile below the ^'Devils Hole" would afford from 12 to 15 feet head, and would back the water about IJ miles upstream. The dam would probably need to be at least 1,000 feet long to obtain this head. A head of 15 to 20 feet could be obtained by building a 600-foot dam about 0.9 mile below the Hatchery, but with a head of 20 feet the water would flow out the Hatchery and would meet the present water surface 1.3 miles above; the only other damage done would be to standing timber and would probably be small. Bowlin Falls, the lowest pitch of the Grand FaUs, is 37.1 miles above Medway; the fall is 5 feet in 0.1 mile. A dam built about 1,500 feet below the faUs could obtain a head of 20 feet; the pond would flood the lower pitch of the ^'Hulling Machine," but would cause little damage. The banks are in general high, the shores are rough and rocky, with ledge outcropping in many places, and several excellent sites for a dam 300 to 400 feet long are available. WATER POWER. 155 The foot of Hulling Machine is 0.9 mile above the head of Bowlin Falls. The river takes a crooked course between precipitous ledge banks, and ,the fall is about 22 feet in 0.2 mile. The locality affords many excellent dam sites, and a head of 25 feet is obtainable without difficulty. By building a dam near the head of the Hulling Machine and using a penstock below, 35 to 40 feet head could be utilized. Under the latter conditions the dam would be about 400 feet long, with a wing for a short distance on the left banli. Backwater would extend nearly to the foot of Grand Pitch, a distance of 0.6 mile. The banks are so high throughout this distance that no pond of any considerable width would be created. At Grand Pitch, 39 miles above Medway, and 0.7 mile above the head of Hulling Machine, the river makes an almost sheer drop through the solid ledge, descending about 19 feet in a distance of about 500 feet. A 28 to 30 foot fall could be obtained by building a dam at this point; the backwater would extend about 1,800 feet upstream and would cause little overflow. The cost of construction would probably be less here than at any other site on the river. Haskell Rock Pitch, 1 mile above the head of Grand Pitch, is com- posed of two separate falls, with slack water between; the total fall is 43 feet in 0.7 mile. The upper pitch — about 36 feet in a distance of about 1,900 feet — is made through a solid ledge; the lower 7 feet, in a distance of about 1,500 feet, through banks composed of rocks and earth. The water boils through this fall over rocks and bowl- ders, the banks being rather low. Probably not more than the nat- ural fall could be readily developed, and that only by placing a dam near the head of the first pitch and using a penstock below. The country above is wide and swampy, any rise in the natural water surface flooding large areas. Under a 5-foot rise the pondage would extend back very nearly to the foot of Stair Falls. Stair Falls, the last pitch of the Grand Falls, is located 41.7 miles from Medway, and 0.9 mile from the head of Haskell Rock. Through- out its length the fall is made over the same peculiar ledge formation observed at Grindstone. The total fall is about 18 feet in a distance of 0.8 mile. The shores are low for the entire distance and good dam sites are lacking. A short distance above Stair Falls the river is very crooked, flowing through a very low country; the fall for about 3 miles is about 7 feet. In the 5 miles between the head of Stair FaUs and the sill of the gates of Grand Lake dam the total faU is about 36 feet. Of this amount 16 feet occurs in the first one-half mile below the dam, and 18 feet in the first mile. The head held by the present dam, which is used entirely for log driving, is about 14 feet. A dam 200 to 300 feet long and of any reasonable height could be built at this point between 156 WATER EESOUKCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. ledge abutments, except for several small chamiels now closed by cribwork and piling. The present dam, although founded between excellent ledge abutments, is a rather frail timber-crib structure about 185 feet long, having 5 gates 8 feet wide and 1 sluice gate 17 feet wide. WEBSTER BROOK AND EAST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER. As previously stated, Webster Brook has now become the con- necting link between the East Branch and its main headwaters. The distance from Telos dam to the head of Second Lake is 12.5 miles, and the fall in this distance is 294.2 feet, measured from the sill of the gates of Telos to the sill of Grand Lake dam, the latter holding a head of 14 feet and the former a head of 13 feet, of which only 10 feet can be used. Webster Brook and East Branch unite a short distance from the head of Second Grand Lake, the distance of Third Lake from the point of junction being about 5.9 miles, and the fall in this distance being about 95 feet. In the lower part of its course Webster Brook flows over a gravel bed, which soon becomes rough and rocky, and one-half mile above its mouth its elevation is 678 feet above sea level, or 37 feet higher than the elevation of the sill of Grand Lake dam. From this point to a point about 250 feet above Grand Pitch the distance is about 0.1 mile and the fall is 35 feet, of which 16 feet is made at Grand Pitch in a nearly sheer drop and 7 feet in the 250 feet above the falls. From the head of Grand Pitch to the dam at Indian Pitch is about 2.1 miles, and the fall is this distance, measured from the sill of the dam, is about 62 feet. This dam is built of logs, is about 75 feet long, is controlled by two 12-foot gates, and will hold a head of about 8 feet. It is used simply for ^ 'flushing,'^ is about 3 years old, and is in good repair. In the 6 miles between Indian Pitch and Webster Lake the ^fall is about 116 feet, considered from the sill of Webster dam to that of Indian Pitch dam. Webster Lake is 3 miles long, the remaining fall of 44 feet being in the 0.9 mile from its head to the sill of Telos dam. This distance is rough and rocky, with high banks and shores on each side. Through- out its entire course the brook is for the most part a boiling torrent, although there are stretches where the current is simply strong and short stretches of slack water. The banks are low first on one side and then on the other, although as a rule they hold good. Many excellent dam sites are found along this stream from Second Grand Lake to Telos, and although surveys were not made to determine the topography, it is probable that heads of 15 to 40 feet could be WATER POWER. 157 developed. The drainage area at the mouth of Webster Brook comprises only about 295 square miles, although excellent storage facilities exist above. Between the sill of Grand Lake and that of the dam located at the outlet of Third Lake on East Branch the fall is about 110 feet, the elevation of the latter sill being about 751 feet above sea level. The fall is fairly uniform, with some abrupt pitches, and strong water separated by stretches of dead water. About 0.8 mile above the mouth is an old dam, the elevation of the water surface just above being 671 feet above sea level, or 30 feet above the elevation of the sill of Grand Lake dam. There is a fall here of about 7 feet. About 0.4 mile farther upstream is a fall of about 3 feet, at the foot of about a mile of dead water. Bog Brook comes in on the left bank about 3.1 miles from mouth; at this point there is a 4-foot fall, the elevation of water surface above being about 690 feet above sea level. Brayley Brook enters on the right bank 4.3 miles from mouth, the elevation of the water surface here being about 705 feet above sea level. Between the mouth of Brayley Brook and the outlet of Third Lake the fall is nearly uniform, the amount being about 46 feet in the remaining 1.6 miles. The timber crib dam at the outlet, used for log driving, is 225 feet long, holds 9.7 feet head, and is in good condition; it is about 5 years old. Owing to low land in the vicinity of the dam, it is probable that not much more head could be held than at present. The following table shows the relative elevations of each stream : Elevations along Webster Brook and East Branch of Penobscot River. Webster Brook. Locality. Distance. Elevation. Water surface at junction of two streams Miles. .5 Feet. 657 Foot of Roll dam 678 Head of Roll dam (250 feet farther up) 690 Head of Grand Pitch .... . .... .6 706 250 feet above Grand Pitch 713 Sill of Indian Pitch dam 2.7 2.7 8.7 12.5 775 Crest of Indian Pitch dam 683 Sill of Webster Lake dam 891 Sill of Telos Lake dam* 935.4 East Branch of Penobscot River. .8 657 Old dam 500 feet below 664 Just above 671 Falls 1.2 2.2 3.1 4.3 5.9 674 Head of dead water 674 Bog Brook 690 Brayley Brook 705 Sill of Third Lake dam 751 158 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. MATTAWAMKEAG RIVER. The Mattawamkeag, which joins the Penobscot at the town of Mat- tawamkeag, 62.25 miles above Bangor dam, drains an area comprising 1,500 square miles. Though the available fall on the Mattawamkeag is not so large as on the tributaries previously discussed, much of it is capable of economic development, and it is all within easy reach of the Maine Central Railroad. Between the mouth of the Mattawamkeag River and the mouth of Baskahegan Stream the distance is about 35 miles and the total fall is 150 feet. Dead water occurs in only two places, but one of these is more than 11 miles long; in the other part of the course the current is swift and in some places rapids are formed. For the purpose of this general discussion the river will be divided into five stretches: 1. From Penobscot River to the mouth of Carlisle Brook, which is located near the Mattawamkeag-Kingman town line; this stretch is 8 miles long and the total fall is 108.5 feet, two-thirds of which occurs in about 2 miles. This is the largest proportionate fall on the river. The shores in general are of gravel or ledge, rise high above the river, ^ and are wooded most of the way. 2. From the mouth of CarHsle Brook to the canoe landing at Kingman village. This stretch is 3.1 miles long and is known as Kingman deadwater. Quick water begins just above the canoe landing. The river banks are low and wooded and the country is more or less swampy in the vicinity of the river. 3. Between the foot of the swift water at Kingman village and Grants Mills, the distance is 2 miles, and the fall is 19.3 feet. The banks are fairly high nearly to Grants Mills, where they are rather low. The shores are wooded on the left bank and open on the right; they are composed of gravel, with many large bowlders. 4. Between Grants Mills and the Wytopitlock highway bridge is a stretch known as the Drew dead water; it is 11.2 miles long, and in this distance the total fall is only 0.2 feet. The shores are low and wooded. The surrounding country is low and swampy, especially in the vicinity of Mud Lake and the Oxbow. 5. Between Wytopitlock highway bridge and the mouth of Bask- hegan Stream at North Bancroft, a distance of 9.6 miles, the fall is 22 feet. The banks are in most places high, especially where the greatest fall occurs. Some areas are under cultivation, but most of the country is wooded. The first well-defined rapids on the river occur at Stratton Rips, about IJ miles above the Maine Central Railroad bridge at Matta- WATER POWEE. 159 wamkeag. Below this point there is a fall of 8 feet to the junction of the Mattawamkeag with the main river — not enough to be of value for development. Beginning with Stratton Rips, there are, in the next 2J miles above, a number of important falls. At Stratton Rips the river falls 4 feet in a distance of 1,500 feet. Both banks are high at this point. Ledge exists for several hundred feet along the right bank, outcropping to a height of 20 feet above the river, and doubtless underlies the high land farther back from the river. The right bank is of gravel, rises steeply, and is wooded. The water surface has an elevation of 197 feet above sea level where the ledge occurs; not over 400 feet from either bank, the elevation is 250 feet above sea level. At Ledge Falls, If miles above Stratton Rips, the stream makes a descent of 3 feet in a distance of 300 feet. On both banks are ledges? those on the left being about 10 feet high and those on the right bank higher. The banks are steep back of the ledges. Less than one-half mile above Ledge Falls are the largest falls on the river. Here the river makes two distinct pitches about 700 feet apart, called Lower and Upper Gordon Falls. At the lower pitch the fall is 6 feet in a distance of 500 feet; at the upper the fall is 13 feet in a distance of 700 feet. Both banks consist of ledge, which shows for a distance of 10 feet above the river. Back of this ledge the right bank rises very steeply, but on the left the rise is more gradual. From the head of Upper Gordon Falls to the foot of Stratton Rips there is a total fall of 48 feet, all occurring in a distance of about 2J miles. The banks are high through the entire distance, except near the mouth of Mattakeunk Brook, which drains an area that rises rapidly back from the Mattawamkeag. Dams that would provide a good head could be built at any of the places mentioned. It would be feasible to construct a dam at Stratton Rips, flooding back to the foot of Lower Gordon Falls and giving a head of about 24 feet, and a second dam at Lower Gordon Falls flooding out Upper Gordon Falls, giving an additional 24-foot head. Or it would be entirely feasible to erect the dam at Stratton Rips, wliich would flood out Upper Gor- don Falls and give a head of about 50 feet. Either of these dams would aid materially in log driving by making slack water over a por- tion of the river which is now difficult to drive. Formerly some sort of a structure existed at Lower Gordon Falls, designed to flood out the rocks, but only the shore ends of the structure now remain. About 1 mile above upper Gordon Falls is the beginning of a stretch of very quick water. The lower end of this stretch is called Slew- gundy, and the upper part Scatterack. The total length is about 1^ 160 miles, and the total fall in this distance is 40 feet. The bed is very rough and the banks are ledges, in some places 50 feet high. The river is about 200 feet wide in the Slewgundy. All or nearly all of this fall could be developed by a dam built near the lower end. One mile above the Scatterack is Rams Head Falls, which is made up of two short stretches of quick water about 1,000 feet apart. At the lower stretch the fall is 5 feet in 1,000 feet, at the upper the fall is 2 feet in 100 feet. Kingman deadwater begins at this point. A dam built at the foot of the quick water just above Scatterack would provide a head of about 10 feet; it would flood out Kingman dead- water to some extent. The current is swift from Kingman village to Grants Mills, and in two places there is a decided pitch. One is at Kingman highway bridge, where there is a fall of 3 feet in 500 feet, and the other at the head of the quick water, near an island just below Grants Mills, where a fall of 8 feet occurs in a distance of 1,800 feet. The right bank is high and steep all the way; the left bank rises gradually to a height of 20 to 30 feet above the river within a few hundred feet from the shore. Mills at Kingman formerly utilized part of the power, but they have long since been burned, and nothing remains but the crib wing walls on each side. At the site of this old dam both the banks are steep, and ledge outcrops on the left. The site could be utiUzed for a dam designed to flood out the falls up to the slack water at Grants Mills and obtain a head of about 15 feet. Under these conditions the water surface would be about 5 feet below the Kingman Bridge. Probably the Drew deadwater could not be flooded out to any extent, as the land is low on both sides of the river, and, although data are not at hand to verify the statement, such flowage would doubtless cause much damage. No decided falls occur in the upper section of the river, but at a number of places the river falls about a foot or two in a short distance. The most favorable dam site is at the village of Bancroft. The cur- rent is swift from the Maine Central Railroad bridge down to a point near the Reed-Bancroft town line, a distance of about 1,500 feet. The banks are extremely high and are of shale ledge. The river is narrow, and it would be possible to develop from 10 to 15 feet head, as in most places the shores are either steep or rise gradually from the river. WATER POWER. 161 The following table shows distances from the mouth and elevations of controlling features along the Mattawamkeag River: Distances and elevations along Mattawamkeag River. Locality. Distance Distance Elevation from between above mouth. points. sea level. Miles. Miles. Feet. 187 0.6 0.6 186 2.1 1.5 195 2.5 .4 199 3.4 .9 210 3.85 .45 215 3.90 .05 218 4.3 .4 221 4.4 .1 227 4.5 .1 229 4.7 .2 242 4.9 .2 243 5.2 .3 244 5.6 .4 247 6.3 .7 271 7.2 .9 280 7.3 .1 287 8.1 .8 288 8.2 .1 288 8.4 .2 293 8.9 .5 295 10.1 1.2 295 10.4 .3 295 12.2 1.8 299 12.5 .3 301 12.6 .1 304 13.1 .5 307 13.5 .4 314 13.8 .3 314 13.9 .1 314 14.2 .3 314 15.3 1.1 314 16.3 1.0 314 17.4 1.1 314 19.1 1.7 314 19.5 .4 314 20.5 1.0 314 23.3 2.8 315 25.3 2.0 315 25.6 .3 315 26.6 1.0 316 27.7 1.1 318 28.1 .4 320 29.1 1.0 325 29.6 .5 328 30.0 .4 330 30.5 .5 333 33.2 2.7 337 Differ- ence in elevation Mouth United States Geological Survey gage zero, Michigan Central Railroad bridge Stratton Rips: Foot Head Mattakeunk Brook Ledge Falls: Foot Head Gordon Lower Falls: Foot Head Gordon Upper Falls: Foot Head Little Gordon Brook Gordon Brook Slewgundy: Foot Head Scatterack: Foot Head Whitton Brook Rams Head Falls: Foot Head Carlisle Brook Sly Pond Outlet Molunkus Stream Old dam at Kingman Kingman Bridge Rips: Foot Head Rips: Foot Head Grants Mills Cross Honey Brook Mattagoneas Brook Spragues Mill Mud Brook Oxbow Big Meadow Brook Jenkins Cove Libby Meadow Brook Wytopitlock Stream Do Flinn Brook Hawkins Brook Bog Brook Woodchuck Island Bancroft, Michigan Central Railroad bridge Smith Brook Seths Islands: Foot Head Baskahegan Stream, mouth Feet. PISCATAQUIS RIVER. Data relating to undeveloped water-power sites on Piscataquis River were obtained by a quick reconnaissance trip and from a study of the plane table sheets of the 1910 survey. The territory covered extends from the mouth of the river at Howland to a point within 2 miles of Blanchard, a distance of 59.8 miles. In this distance the total fall is 398 feet, of which only 92 feet have been developed. The elevation of the river at its mouth is 127 feet above sea level; the top of the dam of the Howland Pulp & Paper Co. is 140 feet above sea level, and the pondage extends nearly 2 miles upstream. Seboeis 15042°— wsp 279—12 11 162 WATER EESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Stream enters on the left side 2.4 miles above the mouth, and the elevation of the water surface here is 142 feet. At Swallowtail Island, 4 miles from the mouth, the elevation of the water surface is 146 feet above sea level. Seven miles from the mouth, at the entrance of Hardy Brook or the foot of the Mcintosh Rips, the elevation is 161 feet above sea level. At Mcintosh Rips the river falls 6 feet in 0.3 mile, and in 0.5 mile drops 8 feet. At the mouth of Roberts Run, a mile farther upstream, the elevation of the water surface is 175 feet above sea level; and 0.3 mile above Roberts Run is the foot of Clapps Rips which continue upstream for just 1 mile; the fall through the rips is 14 feet. At the foot of Schootarza Rips, 10.3 miles above the mouth of the river, the elevation is 194 feet above sea level; in the 0.7 mile up to the mouth of Schootarza Stream the fall is 16 feet, of which 3 feet is concentrated at the falls in a distance of 500 feet. A series of falls and rips, known as Schoodic Falls extend from this point up to the mouth of Schoodic Stream 12.3 miles from the mouth, where the elevation is 228 feet above' sea level. The banks of the river are high throughout this stretch and for some distance above the mouth of Schoodic Stream. It is probable that a dam of any reasonable height could be constructed 1 to 14 miles below the mouth of Schoodic Stream. Some ledge appears, but for the most part the banks appear to be gravel and loam. The river at this point is perhaps 300 feet wide and the site is probably the best remaining undeveloped on the river. At Campbells Rips, 15.7 miles above the mouth of the river, a fall of 5 feet is made in 0.1 mile. In the 2.3 miles between the rips and Upper Ferry, where the elevation is 257 feet above sea level, the slope is comparatively gradual, and the total fall is 8 feet. In the next stretch of 4.5 miles, or to within 0.2 mile of the mouth of Sebec River, the Piscataquis is practical ponded, as the fall is only 1 foot in this distance. Immediately above the mouth of Sebec River, a 5-foot fall is made by rips in a distance of 0.2 mile. Between this point and the foot of the dam of the Dover & Foxcroft Light & Heat Co., 36.7 miles from the mouth, where the Bangor & Aroostook Railroad crosses the Piscataquis, and in the next stretch above, or to the foot of the rips about one-half mile below Foxcroft, the slope of the river is gradual. At the rips the river drops 6 feet in a distance of 0.3 mile, but not much backwater could be created, on account of the dam of the American Woolen Co., immediately above. Just above the mouth of Salmon Stream a fall of 2 feet occurs in about 400 feet. The river is practically all developed as far as Abbot village, where the elevation of the top of the dam is 421 feet. The distance from the mouth of the river to this place is 54 miles. WATER POWEE. 163 In the next 5.8 miles above to the head of Barrows Falls, about 2 miles below Blanchard, the fall is 104 feet. The entire stretch is a succession of rips and quick water. \ The following table gives the distances and elevations of the several controlling points along the main river. Elevations along Piscataquis River. Locality. Mouth, of river Top of dam of Howland Pulp & Paper Co Mouth of Seboois Stream Swallowtail Island Hardy Brook: Foot of Mcintosh Rips Head of Mcintosh Rips Roberts Run Clapps Rips: Foot Head Schootarza Rips: Foot Head Schootarza Stream Schoodic Falls, head Schoodic Stream, mouth Little Schoodic Stream, mouth Campbells Rips: Foot Head Alder Brook, mouth Upper Ferry Pleasant River, mouth Sebec River, mouth Rips Dover & Foxcroft Light & Heat Co., dam: Foot Top. Rips Rips American Woolen Co., Dover, dam: Foot Top Mayo & Son, dam: Foot Top Dover & Foxcroft Water Co., dam: Foot Top Salmon Stream, mouth Salmon Rips, head Guilford Dam: Foot Top South Branch or Kingsbury Stream, mouth Abbot village bridge Upper Abbot Dam: Foot Top Barrow Falls, head Distance from mouth. Miles. 2. 4. 7. 7. Distance between points. Mies. 0.1 2.3 1.6 3.0 .5 1.0 .3 1.0 .5 .7 1.2 .1 1.8 L6 .1 L3 .9 1.1 3.6 .2 13.8 2.4 .3 ,3 .5 1.6 L9 .1 4.9 3.2 .8 L3 5.8 Eleva- tion above sea level. Feet. 127 140 142 146 161 169 175 177 191 194 210 210 228 228 234 244 249 253 257 257 259 264 283.8 295.3 297 303 305 327 327 339 342 353.5 357 359 372 382 385 390 408 421 525 Differ- ence in eleva- tion. Feet. 13 2 4 15 8 6 2 14 3 16 18 6 10 5 4 4 2 5 19.8 11.5 1.7 6 2 22.0 12.0 3.0 11.5 3.5 2.0 13.0 10.0 3.0 5 18 13 104 SEBEC RIVER. On Sebec River two power sites are undeveloped. At Sebec Falls, 6.2 miles from the mouth, a fall of 10 feet is made in a distance of 0.3 mile. Immediately below the dam at the outlet of Sebec Lake are undeveloped rips, through which the fall is 9 feet in a distance of about 700 feet. By the construction of a dam at Sebec Falls, flood- ing to an elevation of 316 feet above sea level or to the foot of the present dam at the outlet of the lake, a head of 36 feet can be obtained. This site is now held by parties contemplating power development, and detailed surveys of it have already been made. It should make a good project, as besides Sebec Lake there are a number of other 164 WATER EESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. important lakes in the drainage area above that can be utihzed as storage reservoirs. The following table shows distances and elevations at certain points on this stream: Elevations along Sehec River. Locality. Distance Elevation from above mouth. sea level. Miles. Feet. 259 1.9 267 1.9 278.7 6.2 280 6.5 290 9.75 316 9.75 327.3 Mouth Milo: Foot of dam Top of dam Sebec Falls: Foot Top Sebec village: Foot of dam Top of dam. PLEASANT RIVER. Pleasant Eiver, an important tributary of the Piscataquis, rises in Bowdoin College grant immediately south of the Roach Eiver drain- age basin. The area contains a number of small lakes that could be utilized for storage reservoirs. The elevation at the mouth of the river is 257 feet above sea level; 5.7 miles above the mouth is the foot of rips, the head of which is a short distance below Snows bridge. By these rips the river falls 4 feet in about 1,100 feet. From the rips to a point 7.8 miles above the mouth the slope is steep, then comes a 9-foot fall in a distance of 0.4 mile. The next important fall Hes in the stretch between a point 9.5 miles above the mouth and the foot of the dam at Brownville; in this mile the fall is 12 feet. The Brownville dam backs water above the mouth of Whetstone Brook at a distance of 1.5 miles. A good dam site exists about halfway between Brownville and Brownville Junction, where a head of about 12 feet might be obtained, but a dam at this point would cause considerable pondage, as the land is some- what low in the vicinity of Brownville Junction. The foot of the next important fall is 0.8 mile above the mouth of the East Branch, where the river drops 10 feet in a distance of about 1,000 feet. The slope increases to an elevation of 390 feet above sea level at the junction of Roaring Brook, 17.7 miles from the mouth of Pleasant River, to elevation 434 feet at the junction of Houston Stream, 20 miles from the mouth. Houston Stream, in the 6J miles from the outlet of Houston Pond to the mouth, has a fall of 388 feet. In the 3} miles between Houston Stream and the foot of the dam at the outlet of Silver Lake at the Katahdin Iron Works, the fall is 158 feet. WATER POWER. 165 The following table gives the distances and elevations of the con- trolling points along this stream: Elevations along Pleasant River. Locality. Distance above mouth. Distance between points. Elevation above sea level Differ- ence in elevation. Mouth of river Snows Bridge Rips: Foot Head Rips: Foot Head Foot Brownville dam: Foot Top Bridge, Brownville Jimction East Branch, mouth Falls: Foot Head Roaring Brook, mouth Houston Stream, mouth Houston Pond Houston Pond Dam, top Silver Lake Dam: Foot Top Silver Lake, water surface, September, 1910 Miles. 5.9 6.1 7.8 8.2 9.5 10.5 10.5 13.7 14.9 15.7 15.9 17.7 20.0 26.5 26.5 23.75 23.75 23.75 Miles. 5.9 .2 .7 .4 1.3 1.0 3.2 1.2 .8 .2 1.8 2.3 6.5 3.75 Feet. 257 267 271 291 300 308 320 337 343 350 362 372 390 434 588 593.1 592.3 Feet. 8.3 154 5.1 PASSADUMKEAG RIVER. Passadumkeag Eiver receives the waters of Nicatous Lake and several brooks and ponds lying west of the St. Croix and Machias basins, the waters of the three systems lying in many places very near together; it unites with the Penobscot at the village of Passa- dumkeag, 5 miles below the mouth of the Piscataquis. Its length is about 35 miles. A short distance above its mouth it is joined by Cold Stream, which flows from Cold Stream Pond. The drainage area of the river at its mouth, including the 37 or 40 square miles tributary to Cold Stream, is not far from 350 square miles. A dam at the outlet of Nicatous Lake, holding a head of about 8 feet, provides a means of flushing for log driving. From this point to Nicatous Falls, located about 2 miles farther down, the current is strong. At Nicatous Falls there is a drop of perhaps 10 or 15 feet in a distance of IJ miles (see PI. VII, B), and thence to the mouth of Pistol Brook the current is again strong. Dead water, caused by a dam located at Grand Falls near the point where the highway crosses the stream, extends up the main stream as far as Taylor Brook. Surveys have not been made to determine the fall on Passadumkeag River, but the available information indicates that the drop at Grand Falls is about 25 feet in a distance of about 1 mile. These are prac- tically the only falls worthy of note on the river, though between Grand Falls and the mouth slight falls and much quick water are found. Notable among these are White Horse Rips below Saponic Pond^ Lightening Rips below Page's mill at Lowell, and Rocky Rips farther down. 166 WATEB EESOUEOES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Much of the country drained by the Passadumkeag is low and flat, and bogs and ponds are numerous. Dams are located at several of these ponds. WATER STORAGE. NATURAL FACILITIES. The Penobscot basin affords excellent sites for water storage. The natural storage effected by ponds and lakes is large, the ratio of ponded area to total drainage area being about 1 to 21. In this respect the basin ranks next to the Kennebec, in which the ratio is 1 to 14. Though the Penobscot basin does not include any single natural reservoir as large as Moosehead Lake, it has many smaller lakes, like Chesuncook, Chamberlain, and the Twin Lakes system, which afford an enormous aggregate capacity. The importance of utilizing stored water in an effective manner has not been as generally realized in the Penobscot basin as in the Ken- nebec, except on the West Branch of the Penobscot, where the Great Northern Paper Co. has, at its own expense, improved the storage facilities afforded by Chesuncook Lake and the Twin Lakes system. The log-driving companies on the Penobscot have not worked as harmoniously with power users as those on the Kennebec, and the result has been much waste of stored water. Maps and plans of several lakes and ponds in the Penobscot drain- age, surveyed by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the State Survey Commission and the State Water Storage Com- mission, are appended to this paper (Pis. XIII-XIX). STORAGE ON WEST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER. GENERAL CONDITIONS. The West Branch of the Penobscot is formed by the union of North and South branches and many brooks and small streams, nearly all rising in the mountainous country forming the western boundary between Maine and Quebec. Much of the area drained by these streams is timber country, and during the spring freshets various brooks and streams that are nearly dry for the remainder of the year are used to ''drive" the logs into the main West Branch. At the outlets of many of the ponds on the headwaters are timber crib dams, which hold back the water until it is needed to obtain a ' ' flush ' ' for driving logs. As a rule all of the stored water is required for the drive. After the drive is out of these streams the gates are usually left open so that during the remainder of the year the flow is natural. At Seboomook Falls, 29 miles from Chesuncook Lake, is a timber crib dam used only for log driving; the drainage area at this WATIiB STORAGiE. 167 point is 530 square miles. Above this point the West Branch is a small stream; a short distance below it begins to widen. Several streams, all of which drain small ponds, join the river between Seboomook Falls and Chesuncook Lake, the most important being Russell Brook, and Lobster and Pine streams. The largest of the ponds is Lobster Lake, which has an area of about 4 square miles. Between the head of Chesuncook Lake and the junction of West and East branches, a distance of about 69 miles, are two large natural storage basins in which lie Chesuncook and Ripogenus lakes, and the so-called ''Lower Lakes" comprising North and South Twin, Pema- dumcook and Ambejejus. Several other lakes about equal in area to South Twin Lake discharge their waters into the West Branch. The largest are Lower, Middle, and Upper Joe Mary, First, Second, and Third Debsconeag, Nahmakanta, Rainbow, Harrington, and Millinocket. The last named, although the largest of the detached lakes, is not available for storage in the Lower Lake system except at high water. (See p. 168.) The storage on the West Branch is controlled by the West Branch Driving & Reservoir Dam Co., a corporation closely affihated with the Great Northern Paper Co. Some of the dams hold water not only for power development but for a temporary '^ flush" for driving. At least two serve only for flushing, one located at the outlet of Ripogenus Lake, the other at Sourdnahunk Falls, 8.4 miles below. TWIN LAKE SYSTEM. Ambejejus and Pemadumcook lakes, and North and South Twin lakes, the first important lakes reached in traveling up the West Branch, are situated in townships Indian Nos. 3 and 4, T. 1, R. 9, T. 1, R. 10, and T. 2, R. 10. They form a natural reservoir, which the river enters at the head of Ambejejus Lake, and leaves at the foot of North Twin Lake. Their shore lines are very irregular, forming many points and coves, and their banks are commonly steep, although in many places low land borders the shores. They contain many islands. The water stands at the same level in all of the lakes except during low water, when the surface of Pemadumcook and Ambejejus is slightly higher than that of the Twin Lakes. At the outlet of the system is a concrete dam in excellent condition. (See PI. IX.) The lowest level of the lakes during the period of record occurred during April, 1906. The elevation of the water surface at that time was 466.75 feet above mean sea level, and the area of the water surface 17 square miles. The top of the flash- boards of the dam is at elevation 489.6, at which height the area of the water surface is 24.6 square miles. 168 About a mile below North Twin dam the river widens out into Quakish Lake, which has an area of about 1 square mile. At the foot of this lake is a concrete dam used to divert the water of the West Branch through Ferguson Lake (which has been largely created by pondage) and thence through a canal about a mile long, into the penstock of the Great Northern Paper Co. at Millinocket. (See PI. V.) After passing through the wheels the tail-race water flows into Milli- nocket Stream, and returns to the West Branch at Shad Pond. In this way the channel of the main West Branch between Quakish Lake and Shad Pond — a stretch about 4 miles long — is left nearly dry except during those periods when water is wasted over the dam at Milli- nocket. The drainage area above Quakish Lake dam comprises 1,880 square miles. Millinocket Lake, situated principally in T. 1, E. 8, and T. 2, R. 8, lies northeast of Ambejejus Lake and at high water overflows into it. It is fed by several smaU streams, the principal one being Sandy Stream, which rises near Mount Katahdin. The natural outlet of MiUinocket Lake is Millinocket Stream. At very high water, how- ever, its water overflows into the Twin Lakes system. The area of Millinocket Lake is about 14 square miles. When the surface of the Twin Lakes system reaches elevation 492 feet above sea level datum, ^ this being the top of the flashboards on the dam at the outlet, the water backs up for about 5J miles above the head of Ambejejus Lake to Debsconeag FaUs, fiUing numerous lagoons and flowing back into First Debsconeag Lake. Although this backwater covers a considerable area its value for storage is com- paratively small, because the increase in depth of stored water is not large, owing to the falls at Ambejejus and Passamagormuc. The dam at the outlet of North Twin Lake gives a head of about 25 feet (including 5 feet of flashboards) available for storage. It is probable that this head can be only slightly increased without a con- siderable outlay for '^runarounds," etc.; and it is also probable that any great increase in head would result in flooding large areas, al- though the damage done would be restricted almost wholly to stand- ing timber, as no important tracts of improved land lie within the flowed area. The table foUowing gives the area and capacity of the Twin Lakes system at different elevations. 1 See note in following table. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 279 PLATE IX A. UPSTREAM SIDE. B. DOWNSTREAM SIDE. NORTH TWIN DAM AT OUTLET OF NORTH TWIN LAKE, WEST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER. WATER STORAGE. 169 Area and storage capacity above North Twin dam at different elevations.^' Elevation. Area of water stir- face. Capacity of sec- tion. Total capacity above elevation 469 feet. Remarks. Feet. 467 469 469. 13 471 473 475 477 479 481 482 483 485 487 489 491 492 Sq. miles. Cubic feet. Cubic feet. Bottom of deep gates. Lowest level of lake April, 1906. Bottom of shallow gates. Bottom of log sluice. Crest of spillway. Highest level of lake (top of flash, boards). 17.0 17.0 21.3 23.0 23.0 23.3 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.4 24.6 24.9 24.9 24.9 60,000,000 950,000,000 2,140,000,000 3,420,000,000 4,700,000,000 6,000,000,000 7,340,000,000 8,010,000,000 8,680,000,000 10,040,000,000 11,410,000,000 12,800,000,000 14,190,000,000 14,880,000,000 950,000,000 1,190,000,000 1,280,000,000 1,280,000,000 1,300,000,000 1,340,000,000 1,340,000,000 1,360,000,000 1,370,000,000 1,390,000,000 1,390,000,000 o Elevations refer to Bangor & Aroostook R. R. datum; to obtain mean sea level subtract 2.38 feet. RIPOGENUS LAKE. The first important lake above Ambejejus Lake is Ripogenus Lake, the outlet of which is 22 miles above Ambejejus Falls. This lake, which is more like an enlargement of the river than a lake, is about 2 J miles long and from one-half to three-quarters mile wide. Its banks are high except in the upper portion where Harrington Stream enters; here they are low and marshy for a considerable distance inland. The drainage area at the outlet of Ripogenus Lake is 1,410 square miles. At the outlet of the lake is a timber crib dam, used principally to obtain a flush to carry logs through Ripogenus Gorge to the Big Eddy, a distance of 2.4 miles, in which the fall is 215 feet. The river here flows between high, almost perpendicular, ledge banks and is very narrow. The elevation of the sills of the gates is about 879 feet above sea level; the dam will hold a head of about 10 feet and is in fair condition. The area of the lake at elevation 883.3 feet above sea level is 1.07 square miles. At the crest of the dam, 889 feet above sea level, the area of the water surface is 1.27 square miles. The total capacity of the lake above the dam sills is 301,100,000 cubic feet. There is an excellent site for a dam of any reasonable height near the location of the present one, and it is understood that the West Branch Driving & Reservoir Co. has already received authority from the State to construct a concrete dam here, the crest of which is to be about 4 feet higher than the spillway of the present Chesuncook (lam. As the latter is at elevation 930.6 feet above sea level, the height of the dam at the outlet of Ripogenus wiU be about 50 feet. It is estimated that the increased storage afforded by this dam will amount to 8 to 10 bilHon cubic feet. The principal damage caused by 170 WATEE HESOtJECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. increased flowage would be restricted to standing timber and to the flooding of a set of camps on the right shore. chesuncgoe: lake. Chesuncook Lake is situated in townships 3, E. 12, 4, E. 12, 4, E. 13, and 5, E. 13. Its outlet is separated from the head of Eipogenus Lake by only 0.57 mile of river. The lake is about 17.7 miles long and from three-fourths mile to 1 mile wide. It is comparatively free from islands, has a fairly regular shore line, and the banks are for the most part fairly high, but in a few places the backwater from the dam covers a considerable area. The dam is a timber crib structure, built during the winter of 1903-4, and is in good condition. Its length is about 1,500 feet, and it contains six pairs of deep 8-foot by 8-foot gates, three pairs of shallow 8-foot by 12-foot gates, and one log sluice 25 feet wide. The dam controls a head of about 20 feet. The elevation of Chesuncook when drawn down to the deep-gate sills of the dam is 908.6 feet above mean sea level; ^ the elevation of the mean low water surface of Eipogenus Lake is about 883 feet, giving a difference in lake levels of about 25.6 feet. When Chesuncook is at full height high water is assumed to be at elevation 930.6 feet, although for a short time during the spring freshets it may exceed this figure. About 5 J miles above the dam a deep inlet, known as Caribou Cove, connects with a lake of the same name lying west of Chesuncook. This lake is from 6f to 7 miles long, is about 1.4 miles broad in its center or widest part, and narrows to less than one-half mile near each end. It is fed by brooks and streams, the principal one, Eagged Stream, having its rise in Eagged Lake, which is about three-quarters the size of Caribou Lake. Numerous brooks and streams flow into Chesuncook. Umbazooksus and Caucomgomoc, the most important except West Branch, drain the lakes for which they are named. The headwaters of both are very near East Branch waters, Caucomgomoc Pond lying within a few miles of AUagash Lake, and Umbazooksus Lake being separated from Mud Pond, which drains into Chamber- lain Lake by only 1.7 miles. The elevation of mean low water on Umbazooksus Lake is about 941 feet above sea level, that of Mud Pond is about 955, and that of Chamberlain is about 938 feet above sea level. The area of Chesuncook at mean low water is about 18 square miles; when the lake is filled to the crest of the spillway of the dam (930.6 feet above sea level) the area is 32.1 square miles. When the water level in Chesuncook reaches its extreme elevation of 930.6 feet above sea level the backwater extends about 4.3 miles up the river, 1 See note In following table. WATER STOEAGE. 171 flooding out Pine Stream Falls and a part of Rocky Rips. Its effect is evident on Umbazooksus Stream for a distance of about 5 miles from its mouth, and, as the bordering country is chiefly low meadow land, the stream increases to a width of one-quarter to one-half mile. The backwater also extends up Cuxabexis Stream into Moose Pond and joins that of Umbazooksus. The drainage area at the entrance to Chesuncook Lake is 825 square miles; at the outlet the drainage area is 1,330 square miles. The only damage to be caused by increased storage, other than that to standing timber, would be to the settlement at the upper end of the lake, and it is probable that this would be comparatively small. The following table gives the area and capacity of Chesuncook Lake at different elevations: Area and capacity of Chesuncook Lake at different elevations. Eleva- tion.a Area of water sur- face. Capacity of sec- tion. Total capacity above elevation 913 feet. Remarks. Feet. 911 912. 61 913 915 917 919 921 923 924 925 927 929 931 933 935 937 Sq. miles. Cubic feet. Cubic feet. Bottom of deep gates. Lowest level of lake, December, 1905. Bottom of shallow gates. Bottom of log sluice. Crest of spillway. Flashboards. 18.1 18.3 18.5 19.7 22.2 23.9 25.6 28.0 29.8 31.6 32.1 35.9 35.9 1,010,000,000 1,020,000,000 1,030,000,000 1,100,000,000 1,240,000,000 1,010,000,000 2,030,000,000 3,060,000,000 4,160,000,000 5,400,000,000 6,100,000,000 6,830,000,000 8,390,000,000 10,050,000,000 11,810,000,000 13,600,000,000 15,600,000,000 17,600,000,000 1,430,000,000 1,560,000,000 1,660,000,000 1,760,000,000 1,790,000,000 2,000,000,000 2,000,000,000 a Elevations refer to Bangor & Aroostook R. R. datum; to obtain mean sea level subtract 2.38 feet. CAUCOMGOMOC LAKE. Oaucomgomoc Lake is situated in Tps. 6, R. 14; 6, R. 15; 7, R. 14; and 7, R, 15. Its area is about 7 square miles (with water at crest of dam), and it is fed by several brooks and streams, some of which are connected with fair sized ponds. Its outlet, a stream about 12 miles long, flows into Chesuncook Lake at a point very near the inlet of the West Branch. The elevation of the lake is not known, but it is considerably higher than Chesuncook. Wadleigh Stream, a tribu- tary of the lake, heads near AUagash Stream in the East Branch system. An old timber dam at the outlet, used for driving, controls a head of about 8 feet. It is estimated that about 7 feet additional head could be obtained by proper development, giving about 8 or 9 square miles of water surface. 172 WATER EESOTJRCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Area and capacity of Caucomgomoc Lake at different elevations. Elevation above sill of dam. Area of water sur- face. Capacity of sec- tion. Total capacity above sill of dam. Remarks. Feet. 5 8 10 15 Sq. miles. 5.15 6.33 7.00 7.45 8.50 Cubic feet. Cubic feet. Sill of dam. Crest of dam. 800,110,000 557,8^0.000 4'^2.6'^0.000 1,112,300,000 8^0,110.000 l,357,Q50,fi00 1,760,550 000 2,872,850,000 UMBAZOOKSUS LAKE. Umbazooksus Lake is situated in T. 6, R. 13, and is only 1.7 miles from Mud Pond in the East Branch system. It covers an area of 1 to IJ square miles and is very shallow. The flow of its out- let, a stream of the same name, is controlled by a timber dam (in poor repair) which gives a head of 5 or 6 feet. The elevation of the mean low water is about 942 feet above sea level. STORAGE ON EAST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER. GENERAL CONDITIONS. The East Branch of the Penobscot was originally formed by two branches. East Branch Stream, rising in the vicinity of Sink Pond, and Webster Brook, rising in Webster Lake. The chain of lakes lying just northwest of Webster Lake, Telos, Chamberlain, and Allagash lakes and Round Pond, flowed naturally into Eagle Lake and thence down Allagash River to the St. John. At high water, however, an overflow channel at the east end of Telos Lake carried water into a small brook tributary to Webster Lake. About 1840, in order to provide means for transporting logs over the divide between Telos and Webster lakes, a dam was built at the natural outlet of Chamberlain Lake toward Eagle Lake, and a canal cut from the east end of Telos Lake a distance of about 800 feet to connect with Webster Lake. As Chamberlain and Telos lakes had the same elevation and were connected, the flow from this series of lakes was thus turned into the East Branch of the Penobscot. This dam and canal made it possible to lumber on Chamberlain Lake territory and drive logs directly down the Penobscot. Later, to permit of lumbering around Eagle Lake and driving down the Penobscot, a second dam was built at the natural outlet of Chamberlain Lake below the first dam, the two dams forming a lock into which logs could be driven and raised to the level of Chamberlain Lake. This lock was utilized for a number of years but was finally abandoned, and only the ruins of the original '^lock dam" are now WATER STORAGE. 173 visible. The present dam at the natural outlet of Chamberlain is now known as the Lock dam. The sills of the gates of the present lock dam are about 0.6 foot lower than those of the dam at the artificial outlet of Telos Lake, so that in very low water nearly or quite all the flow from Chamberlain Lake is into Eagle Lake. About 1893, Marsh & Ayer, of Bangor, built a log carry called the ''Tramway" from Eagle to Chamberlain Lake at a point near the north end of Chamberlain Lake, where the distance between the two lakes is only about three-fourths of a mile. This carry consists of an endless chain driven by steam power and is the means by which logs are now taken from the region about Eagle Lake and driven down the Penobscot. It should be noted that under present conditions the drainage area tributary to Chamberlain and Telos lakes has become the principal headwaters of the East Branch of the Penobscot, the drain- age area above the outlet of Telos Lake comprising 270 square miles and that between Telos Lake outlet and Grand Lake dam only about 226 square miles. GRAND AND SECOND GRAND LAKES. Grand and Second Grand lakes are situated in T. 6, Rs. 8 and 9, and are the first important lakes on the East Branch above its mouth. They are very irregular in shape, with many ragged points and deep coves, and are separated by a ''thoroughfare" about 2 miles long. At low stages the elevation of the water surface is about 645 feet above sea level; at extreme low water Grand Lake is slightly lower than Second Grand Lake. From Grand Lake dam at its lower end to the head of Second Grand Lake the distance is about 8 miles. Their total area at mean low water is about 4.4 square miles. The drainage area at the mouth of Grand Lake is 496 square miles, including the Chamberlain Lake drainage area of 270 square miles. The south shore of each lake is very rough and the banks are high, especially on Grand Lake, from the shores of which Trout Brook Mountains and the Traveler Range extend southward. The other portions of these two lakes have in general steep banks except in the vicinity of the "thoroughfare," where Trout Brook enters from the west, near the upper end of Grand Lake, and Hay Brook from the north, near the lower end of Second Grand Lake. At about the middle of the "thoroughfare," extending eastward about IJ miles, is the "Big Lagoon," which is about 1,500 feet in maximum width and has low banks on its northern and eastern shores. At the outlet of Grand Lake is a timber crib dam — a frail structure in need of repairs. The dam is about 185 feet long between ledge 174 abutments and affords a head of 14 feet, the elevation of the gate sills being about 641.2 feet above sea level. There are five gates 8 feet wide and one sluice gate 17 feet wide. Several channels a short distance west of the dam, through which water would run at ordinary and high stages, are closed by cribwork and piling. A dam of any reasonable height could be built at the outlet. Little or no damage would be caused by raising the lake level to an eleva- tion of 665 feet above sea level or 20 feet above the ordinary low- water level. The following table gives the areas and capacity of Grand and Sec- ond Grand lakes at different elevations : Area and storage capacity of Grand and Second Grand lakes at different elevations. Elevation above mean sea level. Area of water surface. Capacity of section. Total capacity above elevation 641.2 feet. Remarks. Feet. 641.2 645 650 655 660 665 670 Sq. miles. 3.30 4.40 5.60 6.63 7.52 8.36 9.17 Cubic feet. Cubic feet. Gate sills, present dam. Ordinary low water. Crest of present dam. 407,900,000 697,000,000 854,100,000 990,900,000 1,106,800,000 1,221,100,000 407,900,000 1,104,900,000 1,959,000,000 2,949,900,000 4,056,700,000 5,277,800,000 WEBSTER LAKE. Webster Lake is situated in Rs. 10 and 11 of T. 6, and, as pre- viously noted, at its upper end is connected by an artificial canal with Telos Lake. It extends approximately east and west about 3 miles, is 2,000 feet in maximum width, and is fairly regular in shape. At low water, corresponding to an elevation of about 891 feet above sea level, the area of its water surface is 0.82 square mile. The shores are high and steep. Coffeelost Stream, entering from the north, and ThisseH Brook, from the south, are small tributaries. A timber crib dam with earth abutments affords a head of 7 to 9 feet. The dam is about 125 feet long with a wing of piling backed with earth about 250 feet long, and is in poor condition. The right bank at the dam is high and steep, but the left bank is low. The dam is used solely for log driving down Webster Brook, and the gates are usually raised after the drive has reached Indian Pitch dam, some 6 miles below Webster Brook. The surface of this lake could readily be raised by a higher dam at the outlet. It is probable, too, that it could be drawn down at least 2 feet lower than at present, but the area of the lake is so small that it is not of much importance for storage except for log driving. The following table gives its area and capacity at different eleva- tions : WATER STORAGE. Area and- capacity of Webster Lake at different elevations. 175 Elevation above mean sea level. Area of water surface; Capacity of section. Total capacity above elevation 891 feet. Remarks. Feet. 886 891 896 899 901 906 911 916 Sq. miles. 0.72 .82 .91 .96 1.00 1.08 1.16 1.23 Cubic feet. Cubic feet. Gate sills, present dam, andordi- low water. Crest of present dam. 107,300,000 119,900,000 78,620,000 133,800,000 145,000,000 156,100,000 167,300,000 119,900,000 198,500,000 253,700,000 398,700,000 554,800,000 722,100,000 TELOS LAKE AND ROUND POND. Telos Lake and Round Pond, situated mostly in T. 6, R. 11, are at the same level as Chamberlain Lake, to which they are connected by a ''thoroughfare" about 4,000 feet long, extending northward from Round Pond. Telos Lake and Round Pond trend in a general northwest to southeast direction, are irregular in form, and are con- nected by a narrow passage; their combined area at low water is 3.7 square miles. Their total length is about 3 miles and the maximum width about a half mile. The shores are as a rule high and steep and thickly wooded. Telos Brook, entering Telos Lake from the west, and Bog Stream, entering Round Pond from the east, are small streams with some low land near their outlets. The gate siUs of the timber crib dam at the outlet of Telos Lake are at elevation 935.4 feet above sea level. The dam is capable of storing a head of about 13 feet, but at this elevation water would flow over the ''lock dam" at Chamberlain Lake. The area and stor- age capacity of Telos Lake and Round Pond at different elevations are shown in the following table : Area and storage capacity of Telos Lake and Round Pond at different elevations. Elevation Area of Total capacity above elevation above mean water Capacity of section. Remarks. sea level. surface. 935.4 feet. Feet. Sq. miles. Cubic feet. Cubic feet. 932.9 2.82 934.8 3.00 154,100,000 Gate sills, Lock dam. 935.4 3.04 50,520,000 Gate sills, Telos dam. 937.9 3.24 218,800,000 218,800,000 Ordinary low water. 942.9 3.64 479,500,000 698,300,000 945. 8 3.85 302,400,000 1,000,700,000 Crest of Lock dam, which is about 2^ feet lower than Telos Lake. 947.9 3.97 529,700,000 1,228,000,000 952.9 4 28 574,300,000 1,802,300,000 957.9 4.52 613,300,000 2,415,600,000 962.9 4.76 646,800,000 3,062,400,000 176 WATER BESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. CHAMBERLAIN LAKE. 4 Chamberlain Lake, the largest lake now tributary to the East Branch of the Penobscot, is a long and comparatively narrow body of water resembling Chesuncook Lake, except that it is wider and more irregular in shape. It extends from northwest to southeast through several townships and is about 14 miles long; its maximum width is about 2 miles and the average width is about 1 mile. At low stage its water surface is about 938 feet above sea level (the same elevation as that of Round Pond and Telos Lake) and its area is 15.4 square miles. The shores of the lake are in most places high and steep except at the entrance of Allagash Stream at the northwestern end and the outlet from Mud Pond on the south. Ellis Stream, on the west, and Leadbetter Stream, on the east, are other small tributaries. There are a few small islands, mostly in the half toward Round Pond. This lake is noted for its rough water, as the prevailing winds sweep from end to end and frequently for days at a time no ordinary boat or canoe will stay afloat. As previously explained (see p. 172), the natural outlet of Chamber- lain Lake is eastward toward Eagle Lake; but there is now an arti- ficial outlet through Round Pond and Telos Lake controlled by the dam at the outlet of the latter. The Lock dam at the outlet of Chamberlain Lake toward Eagle Lake is a timber crib structure, with earth abutments reenf orced by sheet piling, is some two or three years old, and is in excellent condition. There are two gates for letting water into Eagle Lake, but these gates are kept closed and calked nearly all the time. The dam is very tight and there is little or no leakage. It affords a head of about 11 feet, although with this amount there is an overflow about 1 foot deep for a short distance through the woods beyond one wing. It is stated that the channel from the lake to the dam has been blasted out so that at present the sills of the gates, which are at about elevation 934.8 feet above sea level, hold back about 3 feet of dead water. The dam controlling flow by way of Round Pond and Telos Lake has been described previously (p. 172). It will be noted that the Lock dam has lower gate sills and also a lower crest elevation, so that if desired all flow from Chamberlain Lake can be turned via the Lock dam toward Eagle Lake. Chamberlain Lake (with Round Pond and Telos Lake) constitutes an excellent storage basin and is capable of still further development. In all probability its surface could be maintained 15 or 20 feet higher than at present without great difficulty. The Chamberlain Farm set- tlement, situated on the north side of the lake, would be somewhat affected by such a change of lake level, but otherwise damage would WATEE STOKAGE. 177 be restricted to timber land only and would not be of material con- sequences. No surveys were made to determine the effect of flooding the coun- try around Mud Pond, which would occur if the surface of Chamber- lain Lake were raised above elevation 956 feet above sea level (a rise of 20 feet above present low-water level), but it is probable that 2 or 3 square miles in the vicinity of Mud Pond could be flooded to a depth of 2 feet. The drainage area tributary to these lakes, including their water surface, is 270 square miles. The area and storage capacity of Cham- berlain and Telos lakes and Round Pond at different elevations is given in the following table : Area and storage capacity of Chamberlain Lake at different elevations. Elevation above mean sea level. Area of water surface. Capacity of section. Total capacity above elevation 935.4 feet. Remarks. Feet. 932.9 934.8 935.4 937.9 942.9 945.8 947.9 952.9 957.9 962.9 Sg. wiles. 13.65 14. 33 14.52 15.38 16.92 Cubic feet. Cubic feet. Gate sills, Lock dam. Gate sills, Telos dam. Ordinary low water. Crest of present dam. 741,000,000 241,300,000 1,042,000,000 2,251,000,000 1,435,000,000 2,452,000,000 2,626,000,000 2,780,000,000 2,914,000,000 1,042,000,000 3,293,000,000 4,728,000,000 5,745,000,000 8,371,000,000 11,151,000,000 14,065,000,000 18.26 19.42 20.45 21.37 Including Mad Pond (approximate) 957.9 962.9 23. 0± 26. 0± 2,956,000,000 3,415,000,000 11,327,000,000 14,742,000,000 ALLAGASH LAKE. AUagash Lake, in Tps. 7 and 8, R. 14, is situated about 5§ miles northwest of Chamberlain Lake, to which it is connected by Allagash Stream. It is in general rectangular but rather irregular in shape and contains many islands. At ordinary low water, when its area is 6.85 square miles, its elevation is 1,041.5 feet above sea level. Its eleva- tion is higher than that of any other body of water of considerable size on the headwaters of the East Branch. Its shores are steep and wooded except near the principal inlet, Allagash Stream, on the west, where some lowland exists. There are no other important inflowing streams. The drainage area at the outlet of Allagash Lake is 102 square miles. A timber crib dam, 40 feet long, with a wing of sheet piling reen- forced with earth, controls a head of 7 or 8 feet at the outlet of the lake. It is in rather poor condition. The waterway consists of three gates about 9 feet wide, the sills of which are at elevation 1,037 feet 15042°— wsp 279—12 12 178 above sea level. The dam is used solely for log driving, and the gates are left open after the driving season is over. Allagash Lake affords a good opportunity for additional storage, as there are no settlements near by and only standing timber would be damaged. A dam could be built to any reasonable height a short dis- tance above the present dam, where a high ledge bank appears on one shore. The following table gives the area and capacity of Allagash Lake at different elevations: Area and storage capacity of Allegash Lake at different elevations. Elevation above mean sea level. Area of water surface. Capacity of section. Total capacity above elevation 1,037 feet. Remarks. Feet. 1,036.5 1,037 1,041.5 1,044 1,046.5 1,051.5 1,056.5 1,061.5 1,066.5 1,071.5 Sq. miles. 6.40 6.46 6.85 7.05 7.22 7.55 7.81 8.05 8.27 8.47 Cubic feet. Cubic feet. Gate sills, present dam. Ordinary low water. Crest of present dam, approximate. 89,630,000 835,500,000 835,500,000 1,320,000,000 1,815,400,000 2,844,400,000 3,915,400,000 5,020,400,000 6,158,400,000 7,325,400,000 979,900,000 1,029,000,000 1,071,000,000 1,105,000,000 1,138,000,000 1,167,000,000 STORAGE ON MATTAWAMKEAG RIVER. BASKAHEGAN LAKE. Baskahegan Lake is located in the towns of Brookton and Tops- field. It is about 5 miles long from southwest to northeast and is very irregular in shape. At ordinary low water its surface is prob- ably about 450 feet above sea level and its area is about 12.5 square miles. It is a shallow lake, the greatest depth, about in the middle, being 35 feet. The shores rise rather gradually as a rule, and there are large tracts of low land near the outlet brook and Dead Brook Inlet on the north. The most important inlet is Alder Brook, which enters near the southwestern part of the lake. Baskahegan Stream, the outlet of Baskahegan Lake into Mattawamkeag River, flows in a general northerly direction and reaches the river in the town of Bancroft, falling about 110 feet in some 18 miles. The drainage area at the outlet of the lake is 151 square miles. At the outlet of the lake a dam with 6 gates, making with timber crib piers a length of 103 feet and with additional wings of concrete aggregating 175 feet, controls a head of 7 feet. There is also a low dike or wall of loose rock and gravel about 800 feet long, mostly on the east side of the dam. This dam is used solely for log driving, and the gates are left open after the drive is over. By placing a dam at the sharp bend in the outlet stream known as ''Weber WATER STORAGE. 179 Place," about 1.5 miles below the present dam, where the bed of the river is of gravel and the banks are high, and by building an earth dam or dike at the low area near "Dung Fork Points," at the northeast corner of the lake, an increased storage depth of 10 to 12 feet could readily be provided. As the shores are practically wild flooding could cause little damage. The areas and storage capacity of Baskahegan Lake at different elevations are given in the following table: Area and storage capacity of Baskahegan Lake at different elevations. Elevation above crest of present dam. Area of water surface. Capacity of section. Total capacity- above elevation of lowest gate sill. Remarks. Feet. -7 5 10 15 20 Sq. r.iiles. 8.6 16.4 20.4 23.0 25.2 27.1 Cubic feet. Cubic feet. Lowest gate sill. Crest of present dam. 2,468,000,000 2,565,000,000 3,025,000 000 3,360,000,000 3,652,000,000 2,468,000,000 5,033,000,000 8,058,000,000 11,418,000,000 15,070,000,000 MATTAWAMKEAG LAKE. Mattawamkeag Lake, the largest lake on the West Branch of Mattawamkeag River, lies in the town of Island Falls and T. 4, R. 3. It is about 7.2 miles long, 2.4 miles in maximum width, trends in general northwest to southeast, and is very irregular in shape. It is approximately 464 feet above sea level and about 6 square miles in area. It is comparatively shallow, the maximum depth, about 50 feet, occurring north of Big Island, near the south end of the lake. The shores are low and fiat at the northwest and southeast ends of the lake and high elsewhere. The drainage area at the outlet of Mattawamkeag Lake is 305 square miles. A number of small, unimportant brooks enter the lake along the eastern shore. The West Branch of Mattawamkeag Eiver, the principal inflowing stream, enters on the western shore. Its mouth is about 2 miles from the head of the lake, but its course parallels the lake for nearly a mile, and a cut-off connection is used for log driving at high water. The present dam is a timber-crib structure, built about 1862, two previous dams at this place having been washed out soon after they were built. The dam is in rather poor condition and has been repaired many times. It is about 375 feet long, of which 145 feet consists of wasteways and sluice gates, and affords a head of about 8.5 feet. On the right bank the ground rises gradually and is about 10 feet higher 150 feet from the end of the existing wing wall; on 180 WATER RESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. the east side the rise is rather more abrupt for a short distance and then gradual. High water on this lake causes much flooding of low lands, and though the height of the present dam could be increased without difficulty, it is probable that damages by pondage would be extensive, as they would include the partial flooding out of a 9-foot fall at the village of Island Falls, about 7 miles upstream, utilized by the Emerson Lumber Co. The present maximum height could, how- ever, be maintained most of the year and would afford considerable storage, and cause damage only to timber land. The following table gives the area and capacity of Mattawamkeag Lake at different elevations: Area and storage capacity of Mattawamkeag Lake at different elevations. Elevation above mean sea level. Area of water surface. Capacity of section. Total capacity above elevation 455 feet. Remarks. Feet. 455 457 460 462 464 465 Sq. miles. 4.52 4.90 5.41 5.72 6.02 6.19 Cubic feet. Cubicjeet. Gate sills, present dam. Crest, present dam. Probable limit of high water without excessive damage at Island Falls. 262, 600, 000 431,600,000 310, 000, 000 327,300,000 170,100,000 262,600,000 694,200,000 1,004,200,000 1,331,500,000 1,501,600,000 PLEASANT LAKE. Pleasant Lake, situated in the town of Island Falls and T. 4, E. 3, trends approximately northwest to southeast, and discharges into the East Branch of Mattawamkeag Kiver by an outlet about half a mile long. It is fairly regular in shape, about 4 miles long, 1 mile in maximum width, and 2} square miles in area, and lies approxi- mately 600 feet above sea level. Its water is very clear and is deep, the maximum being 65 feet. There are a few small islands. The shores are wooded and rise abruptly from the water's edge, the western shore being somewhat steeper than the eastern. At the head of the pond there is some low land. No large streams enter this pond, and it seems probable that much of its water comes from springs, as the elevation of the pond surface is very nearly constant, having an extreme range of only about 2 feet. An old dam, the ruins of which still exist, formerly controlled the flow of this pond, but the pond is not utilized at present for storage. At this old site the water surface could be raised about 7 feet by means of a dam, with a total length of 650 feet, all but 30 feet of this being wing walls; or the pond could be lowered 3 feet by dredging the channel for a few hundred feet. A higher dam might be built at this site (a height of 20 feet above present pond level requiring a total length of dam of about 1 800 WATER STORAGE. 181 feet), but the drainage area directly tributary to Pleasant Lake comprises only a few square miles, and the pond would be useful for storage only by diverting flow from the East Branch of the Mat- tawamkeag. This might be done by a dam just below the junction of Pleasant Lake outlet with the East Branch (about half a mile from the pond and some 30 feet lower) or by a diversion dam and canal farther up the East Branch. It should also be noted that Pleasant Lake is nearly 140 feet higher than Mattawamkeag Lake, and it is therefore possible to divert water to Mattawamkeag Lake by cutting through the dividing low land at the west side of Pleasant Lake. This distance is said to be about half a mile, and the maximum depth of the canal would be about 10 feet. The drainage area of the East Branch of Mattawamkeag Hiver just below Pleasant Lake outlet is 79 square miles. The area and storage capacity of Pleasant Lake at different elevations are shown in the following table: Area and storage capacity of Pleasant Lake at different elevations. Elevation above mean sea level. Area of water surface. Capacity of section. Total capacity above elevation 595 feet. Remarks. Feet. 595 598 600 602 602.5 605 607.5 610 620 Sq. miles. 2.08 2.20 2.27 2.34 2.35 2.42 2.50 2.55 2.75 Cubic feet. Cubic feet. Proposed elevation of outlet; to be obtained by dredging. Present elevation of outlet. Present elevation of crest of old dam. Probable limit of high water without excessive expense for dam, etc. 178,980,000 124,900,000 178,980,000 303,880,000 161,000,000 165,900,000 171,500,000 175,600,000 738,800,000 464,880,000 630,780,000 802,280,000 977,880,000 1,716,680,000 STORAGE ON PISCATAQUIS RIVER. SCHOODIC LAKE. Schoodic Lake, Piscataquis County, lies mostly in T. 4, R. 8 N.W.P. It trends in a general north-south direction, is about 8| miles long, and opposite Howard Cove, on the west shore, about 5.5 miles from the upper end, is 2.5 miles wide. The lake is rather irregular in shape, and contains a number of small islands, a group near the east shore being known as Five Islands. The lake as a whole is deep, the maximum depth above Five Islands being 75 feet, and south of this point 155 feet. In the vicinity of Norway Point, toward the lower end of the lake, is an extensive area more than 100 feet deep. At ordinary level Schoodic Lake is about 430 feet above sea level, and the area of water surface is 10.75 square miles. The shores are in general high, and the banks steep except in the vicinity of Howard 182 WATER EESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Cove, an area on the west shore near the northern end of the lake, and a portion of the east shore near Five Islands. No streams of any mag- nitude enter the lake, and the tributary drainage area is small (32 square miles). The outlet, Schoodic Stream, enters Piscataquis River in the town of Medford, about 4 miles from the lake, in which distance it falls some 200 feet. There are three lines of railroad in the vicinity of Schoodic Lake. The main line of the Bangor & Aroostook Railroad passes about 500 feet west of the head of the lake some 50 feet above ordinary water level. The Medford extension of this railroad (built during 1907) skirts the eastern shore and is in places only 5 feet above ordinary lake surface. The Canadian Pacific Railway runs by the south end of the lake and along its west shore for a short distance. At its lowest portion it is about 12 feet above lake surface. At the outlet of Schoodic Lake, about 600 feet downstream from the Bangor & Aroos- took Railroad bridge, is a broken-down and decaying timber dam, owned by the American Spool Co. The dam is very irregular in shape, about 250 feet long, and controls a 3-foot head. Originally, there were two sluice gates, each about 7 feet wide, but one gate is now entirely gone, and the other leaks badly. The depth of water could be increased 8 to 10 feet above ordinary level by placing a dam some 700 feet above the old dam and 100 feet above the Bangor & Aroostook Railroad bridge, but such a change of lake level would entail considerable damage. Schoodic Lake is rapidly becoming a popular summer camping place, and its shores are dotted with numerous public and private camps. Further, the settlement at Ijakeview, mostly the buildings of the American Spool Co., would be damaged by a rise of more than 5 feet, as would also the new Medford extension of the Bangor & Aroostook Railroad. It is doubtful, therefore, whether any elevation of water surface greater than 2 or 3 feet above the present level is feasible. If prop- erly repaired, the present dam would probably control the run-off from the drainage area. The area and capacity of Schoodic Lake at different elevations are given in the following table: Area and capacity of Schoodic Lake at different elevations. Elevation above mean sea level. Area of water surface. Capacity of section. Total capacity- above elevation 428.5 feet. Remarks. Feet. 428.5 430 432.5 435 437.5 440 Sq. miles. 10.65 10.75 10.92 11.07 11.18 11.29 Cubic feet. Cubic feet. Probable elevation of outlet. Probable present limit of storage. Probable limit of storage on ac- count of damage. 447,500,000 754,800,000 766,700,000 775,000,000 782,700,000 447,500,000 1,202,300,000 1,969,000,000 2,744,000,000 3,526,700,000 WATER STORAGE. l8S Seboeis lake and northwest pond. Seboeis Lake lies in T. 4, Rs. 8 and 9, N. W. P., the largerpart being in T. 8. It trends in a general north-south direction, is 6.8 miles long, 1.4 miles in maximum width (near its north end), and its water surface comprises 6.2 square miles at an elevation about 440 feet above sea level. From about the middle of its eastern shore a bay leads to the outlet stream; on the western shore a bay leads to the ^thoroughfare" to Northwest Pond. Of the numerous islands in the lake, Leyford Island, the largest, situated near the western shore and about midway of the lake, is over a mile long and about a half mile wide. North of Leyford Island the average depth of the lake is 50 feet, and the maximum depth, 80 feet, is found just northeast of the island. South of Leyford Island the lake is rather shallow. All of the northern shore is low. The lowland extends back for a mile or more to the vicinity of the Bangor & Aroostook Railroad and the northeastern inlet flows through a long narrow swamp stretching back several miles. Other low areas exist near the east outlet and in the vicinity of the '^ thoroughfare " to Northwest Pond. The remaining shores are in general rough and rise fairly steep from the water's edge. The inflowing streams are Northeast Inlet and one or two smaller brooks. The outlet bay of the lake is a long, gradually narrowing and winding arm, about a mile long, from which Seboeis Stream flows into Endless Lake, about L5 miles distant, and thence to Piscataquis River. Northwest Pond, or Little Seboeis Lake, as it is often called, is situated in T. 4, R. 9 N. W. P., and is practically a part of Seboeis Lake, with which it is connected by a short "thoroughfare." It lies west of the northern portion of Seboeis Lake. Northwest Pond trends northwest to southeast, is 1.4 miles long and about half a mile in maximum width, and its pond area is about one-half square mile. It is at the same elevation as Seboeis Lake. The ''Tongue," which separates it from Seboeis, is about half a mile in average width. The Medford extension of the Bangor & Aroostook Railroad passes about 800 feet west of the pond and joins the main Hne of the railroad in the vicinity of the Northwest Pond station. The railroad at its lowest point is about 4.5 feet above pond surface. The eastern shore of the lake rises gradually, but the other shores of the pond are in general low. At the northern end a large swamp extends back to the railroad and swings around toward the lowland at the head of Seboeis Lake. The only important inflov/ing stream enters at the northeastern end and drains a very small area. 184 WATER RESOURCES OF PEl^OBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. The drainage area at the outlet of Seboeis Lake is 49 square miles. The outlet of Seboeis Lake is controlled by a timber crib dam about 40 feet long in the main portion and with wings aggregating 250 feet. The dam affords a head of about 8 feet and is regulated by two gates. No ledge appears at the dam and it is probable that the foundation is gravel. The contour of the ground at the present dam controlling the outlet of Seboeis Lake, and consequently of Northwest Pond, would admit of an increase in height of dam from 5 to 8 feet without greatly increasing its length. A 10-foot rise, however, would require a dam about 1,700 feet long, and a dam built to reach the 20-foot level above ordinary water surface would be more than 2,000 feet long. On both Seboeis Lake and Northwest Pond are several camps which would be affected by any considerable increase in height of water level, and the railroad near Northwest Pond would be affected by any rise exceeding 4 or 5 feet. Considering the small drainage area tributary to the lake, it seems probable that little increase in height of water level at this point would be practicable. The area and capacity of Seboeis Lake, including Northwest Pond, at different elevations are given in the following table: Area and capacity of Seboeis Lake and Northwest Pond at different elevations. Elevation Area of Total capacity above mean water Capacity of section. above elevation Remarks. sea level. surface. 432 feet. Feet. Sq. miles. Cubic feet. Cubic feet. 432 432.5 5.63 5.69 Probable elevation of outlet. 78,900,000 78,900,000 435 5.93 404,900,000 483,800,000 437.5 6.19 422,400,000 906,200,000 440 6.4 439,100,000 1,345,300,000 Probable present limit of storage. 442.5 6.63 454,400,000 1,799,700,000 445 6.82 468,400,000 2,268,100,000 Limit of storage on accoimt of ex- cessive damage. ENDLESS LAKE. Endless Lake, or Trout Pond, as it is sometimes called, situated in T. 3, E. 9, N. W. P., trends in general north and south. It is fairly regular in shape, the eastern shore being almost a straight line, is 4.3 miles long and about 1.25 miles in maximum width, and is 400 feet above sea level, at which elevation the area of water surface is 2.57 square miles. Its depth is fairly uniform, the maximum being 35 feet near the middle and toward the southern end of the lake. There are several small islands. The shores are in general steep and the lake is surrounded on all sides by high hills either at or a little back from the shore. Seboeis Stream, flowing from Seboeis Lake, enters WATER STORAGE. 186 from the west. Near its northeastern end the lake receives the outlet of Flat Iron Pond, which lies about three-eighths of a mile from End- less Lake and some 40 feet above it. The drainage area at the outlet of Endless Lake is 66 square miles, of which about 10 square miles is water surface (principally Seboeis and Endless lakes and Northwest Pond). A timber crib dam, 77 feet long, with additional wings increasing the aggregate to 130 feet, controls the outlet of the southern end of the lake, is regulated by three gates, and affords a head of about 8 feet. The contour of the shores in the vicinity of this dam is very favorable for an increased elevation of water surface. An additional depth of 20 or 30 feet could doubtless be maintained without especial difficulty, but, in view of the small tributary drainage area, it is prob- able that a greater height of dam is not warranted. The area and storage capacity of Endless Lake at different elevations are given in the following table: Area and capacity of Endless Lake at different elevations. Elevation above mean sea level. Area of water sur- face. Capacity of sec- tion. Total capacity above elevation 392 feet. Remarks. Feet. 392 395 397.5 400 402.5 405 407. 5 410 Sq. miles. 1.86 2.16 2.38 2.57 2.75 2.90 3.05 3.18 Cubic feet. Cubic feet. Sill of dam. Crest of dam. 168,100,000 158,200,000 172,800,000 185,400,000 193,500,000 207,700,000 217,500,000 168,100,000 326,300,000 499,100,000 684,500,000 881,000,000 1,088,700,000 1,306,200,000 LOWER EBEEMEE LAKE. Lower Ebeemee Lake is situated principally in the southeastern part of T. 5, R. 9. It is very irregular in shape, consisting practically of three ponds joined by narrow channels. The most easterly of these channels has been examined with reference to diversion of water to Schoodic Lake. At the time of the observation (July, 1907) the water surface of Ebeemee Lake was at about elevation 425 feet above sea level, or 5 feet lower than that of Schoodic Lake. The divide between the lakes rises perhaps 30 to 40 feet above Ebeemee Lake. The outlet of Ebeemee Lake is said to be controlled by a dam about 50 feet long, affording a head of 8 feet and used for log driving. This dam could be raised sufficiently to effect diversion. The dis- tance across the divide between the tv/o lakes is between 1.5 and 2 miles, and the diversion would add to the drainage area of Schoodic Lake some 87 square miles. Considering the large fall of Schoodic Stream (over 200 feet in about 4 miles), this project may sometime be executed. 186 WATER RESOITECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. SEBEC LAKE. Sebec Lake, Piscataquis County, lies in the towns of Willimantic, Foxcroft, Sebec, and T. 7, R. 8, and its waters join Piscataquis River, in the town of Milo, about 7 miles from the mouth of the lake at Sebec village. The lake trends in general east and west, and its eastern end is narrow and elongated. The northern shore is rather steep, but the southern is lower. On the north the drainage area extends nearly to Moosehead Lake; on the south it adjoins that of the Piscataquis. Sebec Lake is fed by many ponds and lakes, the most important being Onawa Lake, Long Pond, Bear Pond, the three Buttermilk ponds, and Benson, Monson, Hebron, Spectacle, Grindstone, Davis, Little Bennet, and Big Bennet, Beaver, and Wilson ponds. Many of these water bodies could be made to afford increased storage, and the outlets of some of them are already dammed. The combined area of these ponds is estimated to be about equal to the area of Sebec Lake. The drainage area tributary to the outlet at Sebec village embraces about 367 square miles. It is for the most part thickly wooded with mixed growth. A dam at the outlet of Sebec Lake formerly furnished power to run several mills, but very little power is being used at the present time. The dam is a timber crib structure in poor repair. The head obtained by this dam averages perhaps 11 J feet. With a 12-foot head the water is at the top of gates and flowing 4 feet deep over the wasteway. It is estimated that an additional head of 3 feet, or a total of 15 feet, would flood many cottages on the south shore of the lake, but other than this an additional 5-foot head, or a total of 17 feet, would not do excessive damage to cultivated land or timber. Only a part of the fall at the outlet has been developed, and for some distance below the stream has considerable fall, at least a part of which could be utilized. The flow is said to be fairly steady, even in dry years, and little difficulty arises from freshets. The following table gives the area and capacity of Sebec Lake at different elevations: Area and capacity of Sebec Lake for different elevations. Elevation above mean sea level. Area of water sur- face. Capacity of sec- tion. Total capacity above elevation 315.3 feet. Remarks. Feet. 315.3 316. 7 321.7 326.7 327. 3 331.7 Sq. miles. 9.08 9.32 10.19 10. 83 10. 93 11.68 Cubic feet. 359,074,000 1,360,466,000 .1,465,010,000 181,990,000 1,386,114,000 Cubic feet. Sill of gates. Water surface, Sept. 4, 1910. Top of dam. 359,074,000 1,719,540,000 3,184,550,000 3,366,540,000 4,752,654,000 WATER STOEAGE. 187 SILVER LAKE. Silver Lake, the source of Pleasant River, is located in Katahdin Iron Works Township, at the terminal of a branch railroad. The remains of the old iron furnaces that were formerly operated are at the outlet of the lake. The dam at the outlet is a timber structure in fair repair, and is now used chiefly for log driving. Little damage except to standing timber would arise from increasing the height of the dam and enlarg- ing the capacity. The additional storage would benefit the power developments below. The drainage area embraces 104 square miles and is a heavily wooded, mountainous country. The following table gives the areas and capacities of this lake at various elevations: Area and capacity of Silver Lake for different elevations. Elevation above mean sea level. Area of water sur- face. Capacity of sec- tion. Total capacity above elevation 587.3 feet. Remarks. Feet. 587.3 587.6 592.3 593.1 597.3 606.3 611.3 Sq. miles. 0.29 . .31 .57 .70 1.37 2.10 2.63 Cubicfeet. 2,509,000 57,653,000 14,274,000 121,773,000 242. .542, 000 328,965,000 Cubicfeet. Sill of gates. Water surface, Aug. 15, 1910. Top of dam. 2.509,000 60.162,000 74, 436, 000 196,209,000 438,751.000 767,716,000 HOUSTON POND. Houston Pond is located in T. 7, R. 9, 4 miles southwest of Silver Lake. • The dam is a crib structure in poor repair. Raising the level of the lake would cause damage only to a few summer cottages and to the timber land that would be flooded. The area drained comprises 21 square miles. The foUowing table gives the areas and capacities of this pond for various elevations: Area and capacity of Houston Pond for different elevations. Elevation above mean sea level. Area of water sur- face. Capacity of sec- tion. Total capaci ty above elevation 817.2 feet. Remarks. Feet. 817.2 819.3 822.2 827.2 830.3 832.2 837.2 Sq. miles. 0.99 1.02 1.07 1.14 1.19 1.22 1.30 Cubicfeet. 58,545,000 84,081,000 153,331,000 100,251,000 63.563,000 175,634,000 Cubicfeet. Sill of gates. Water surface Aug. 11, 1910. Top of dam. 58, 545, 000 142.626,000 295,957,000 396, 208, 000 459,771,000 635,405,000 188 WATEE EESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. ADDITIONAL STORAGE BASINS. COLD STREAM POND. Cold Stream Pond is really a series of ponds, situated principally in the towns of Enfield and Lincoln and having a total water surface of about 10 square miles. The ponds are irregular in shape, the largest being of about 8 square miles in area. The outlet, a stream of the same name, is about 4^ miles long and flows into Passadumkeag Stream about one-half mile above its junction with the Penobscot. The drainage area at the junction with Passadumkeag embraces about 37 square miles. The basin is for the most part wooded and but sparsely settled. This pond would afford an excellent source of water supply for some town or city. NICATOUS LAKE. Nicatous Lake is situated in Tps. 3 N. D. and 40 and 41 M. D. The outlet of the lake, Nicatous Stream, is tributary to Passadumkeag Stream. The waters of Nicatous approach very close to those of Machias Kiver. The area of this lake is 8.82 square miles. It is probable that the water surface can be raised, so that about 10 feet would be available for storage. A dam already exists at the outlet. The lake is fed by several brooks, some of which rise in small ponds, the three principal ones being Duck Pond and Gassabias Lake and West Lake, with a total water surface of perhaps 3 or 4 square miles. Though dammed at their outlet Gassabias and West lakes would doubtless be flooded by a not excessive rise of Nicatous, but the drop between Duck Pond and Nicatous is probably sufficiently great to prevent overflow to the former. PUSH AW LAKE. Pushaw Lake is in the towns of Hudson, Glenburn, Oldtown, and Orono. Its greatest length is about 74 miles, and its greatest width about 2 J miles. The average width of the northerly three-quarters is one-half to three-fourths of a mile. Several islands and ledges appear. The lake Hes nearly north and south. Its area is about 7i square miles. It is fed chiefly by springs and bogs. Its one inlet, Pushaw Stream, has several branches and drains very low country until it reaches the town of Hudson, about 2J miles from the lake, where it flows between higher banks, but it passes into marsh again before reaching the lake. WATEK STOEAGE. 189 Pushaw stream leaves the lake at the north end, IJ miles from the point of inflow and joins the Penobscot a short distance above the city of Oldtown. The drainage area at this point embraces about 263 square miles, including that of Dead Stream, which joins Pushaw Stream about 1^ miles below the lake and which rises in a small lake, called Boyd Lake, situated about 2 J miles south of Piscataquis River. The western shores of the lake are bordered by much high land, but to the south and east is low country, which, during the spring, is entirely overflowed. This territory includes a pond of perhaps one- half square mile, called Mud Pond, which is merely a bog hole drain- ing into the stream. The elevation of the lake is 117 feet above sea level. If the surface should be raised 3 feet, its area would be more than 22 square miles and its aggregate storage capacity would be 1,233,600,000 cubic feet. This estimate does not include the pondage likely to occur north of that part of Pushaw Stream flowing through the town of Alton. ' The shores of the lake are only thinly settled, but along the south- ern half are many summer cottages. The higher land to the west is farmed, but most of that to the east for 1 to IJ miles is unfit for agriculture. PHILLIPS LAKE. PhilUps Lake, which Hes wholly in the town of Dedham, about 10 miles southeast of Bangor, receives drainage from a basin comprising about 11.5 square miles. Its area is about 1.4 square miles. Its shores are as a rule rocky, the adjacent country mostly wooded and but sparsely settled, and its water is apparently of excellent quahty and of considerable depth. The lake has two outlets. The greater part of the outflow passes from the north end of the lake northward through the village of East Holden, thence southward through Long Pond, and into Penobscot Eiver below Eucksport; the total length of this outlet is 18 miles. The other outflowing stream flows from the southeast end of the lake into Green Lake and thence into Union River; this outlet carries water only during medium and high stages. SUMMARY OF STORAGE. The preceding descriptions show that the present more important developed storage area amounts to 156.4 square miles, and that the area available for storage is 202.4 square miles. 190 WATER RESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. The following summary takes account of the more important lakes, but there are many smaller, widely scattered ponds which are capable of increased storage : Summary of storage. Present storage. Available storage. West Branch of Penobscot River: Chesuncook Lake Ripogenas LaJse Twin LaKes system Caucomgomac LaKe East Branch of Penoo&cot River: AUagasn Lajie CnamDerlain Lake leius Lauie ana Round Pond Webster LaKe Second and Grand laij:es Mattawamlieag Riv^er: Mattawamkeag Lake Baskahegan Lake , . . Pleasant Pond Piscataquis River: Sebec Lake. Schoodic Lake Seboes Lake and Northwest Pond. Endless Lake Silver Lake Houston Pond Main River: Pushaw Lake Cubic feet. 15,600,000,000 301,100,000 14,880,000,000 1,357,950,000 1,320,000,000 4,728,000,000 1,000,700,000 198,500,000 1,959,000,000 1,331,500,000 2,468,000,000 253,100,000 3,366.540,000 1,202,300,000 1,345,300.000 499,100,000 74,440,000 396,210,000 62,281,740,000 Cubic feet. 22,901,100,000 14,880,000,000 2,872,850,000 6,158,400,000 11,327,000,000 2,415,600,000 554,800,000 4,056,700,000 1,501,600,000 10,000,000,000 802,280,000 4,752,650,000 1,969,000.000 2,268,100,000 881.000,000 767,720,000 635,410,000 1,233, ),000 89,977,810.000 LAKE AREAS. The State Water Storage Commission has computed from plani- meter measurements lake and pond areas in the Penobscot basin. The maps used for this purpose included the special lake survey maps previously described, the topographic sheets of the United States Geo- logical Survey, the series of township maps in the office of the State board of assessors, and recent private reservoir and township maps. The results of these area measurements of the ponds and lakes which bear names are included in the gazetteer, pages 221 to 279. In addi- tion to this there are 214 other ponds which, because they are un- named, are not described in the gazetteer. Their location and areas may be ascertained by application to the State Water Storage Com- mission at Augusta, Me. The general facts concerning both named and unnamed lakes and ponds are given in the following table. Summary of areas of lakes and ponds in Penobscot basin. Tributary to— Drainage area. Number. Lake sur- face area. Ratio water surface to drainage West Branch. . . East Branch... Mattawamkeag. Piscataquis Passadumkeag. Main River So. miles. 2,100 1,130 1,500 1,500 383 1,957 8,570 230 105 51 119 28 77 610 Sq. miles. 172.4 61.6 44.8 65.3 29.4 40.0 413.5 12.2 18.4 33.5 23.0 13.0 49.0- 20.7 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE 191 EFFECT OF PRESENT STORAGE ON FLOW. BASE DATA. The only complete set of data available for the study of the regi- men of flow of the Penobscot is furnished by the 9-year record of discharge of the West Branch at Millinocket. This record is espe- cially valuable because it covers observations during a very dry period (1903-4), and therefore affords an excellent basis for the study of the effect of storage in this basin. The river above Milhnocket is largely controlled by the Twin Lakes and Chesuncook Lake reservoir systems, so that the discharge at Milhnocket is artificial for the greater part of the time. Occa- sionally in the spring some waste water passes Millinocket, and during the summer months, especially July and August, some excess of water has to be let out for log driving. Normally the discharge is kept at about 2,000 to 2,500 second-feet. A careful record of the level of Twin Lakes and Chesuncook Lake has been kept by the Great Northern Paper Co. during this period, and the discharge at Milhnocket corrected for storage in these lakes has been computed and the results have been furnished to the United States Geological Survey by Mr. H. S. Ferguson, engineer for the company. The following table gives the discharge at Millinocket, both as observed and as corrected for storage, and also similar figures for the gaging station at West Enfield, well down on the main river. The correction for storage does not take account of the increased amount of evaporation due to raising the level (and increasing the area) of these lakes, but as this is only a small percentage increase when compared to the total water-surface area above Milhnocket, no error of consequence can result. Effect of storage of water on West Branch of Penobscot River above Millinocket onflow at Millinocket and at West Enfield. Discharge at Milliaocket. Discharge at West Enfield. As observed. As corrected for storage. As observed. As corrected for storage. Month. Second- feet. Second- feet per square mile of drainage area. Second- feet. Second- feet per square mile of drainage area. Second- feet. Second- feet per square mile of drainage area. Second- feet. Second- feet per square mile of drainage area. 1901. January 1,430 1,630 1,620 9,450 6,580 2,650 3,600 2,580 2,600 1,360 656 1,160 0.76 .87 .86 5.03 3.50 1.41 1.91 1.37 1.38 .72 .35 .63 800 842 727 12,300 8,160 2,400 1,400 1,840 707 410 640 3,140 0.42 .45 .39 6.55 4.35 1.28 .75 .98 .38 .22 .34 1.67 March April. May July Septemher October November Pecember., ........,, ..., 192 Effect of storage of water on West Branch of Penobscot River above Millinochet onflow at Millinocket and at West Enfield — Continued. Month. Discharge at Millinocket. As observed. Second- feet. Second- feet per square mile of drainage area. As corrected for storage. Second- feet. Second- feet per square mile of drainage area. Discharge at West Enfield. As observed. Second- feet. Second- feet per square mile of drainage As corrected for storage. Second- feet. 1902. January February March April May June July August September... October November. . . December 1903. January February March April May June July August September... October November... December 1904. January February March April May June July August September... October November... December 1905. January February March April May June July August September.., October November... December 1906. January February March April May June July August , September.. October November. . . December 2,130 2,270 5,380 11,800 9,460 9,390 2,400 2,620 2,170 2,290 2,450 2,660 1,630 1,860 5,770 13,300 6,450 2,120 2,430 3,330 1,920 790 430 527 1,000 5,090 3,690 3,200 3,400 2,160 2,210 2,300 2,160 2,230 2,180 1,720 2,220 6,050 2,660 2,400 3,070 2,300 1,470 432 403 746 688 1,200 6,900 4,820 3,630 3,220 2,030 2,040 2,060 2,030 1.13 1.21 2.86 6.28 5.03 5.00 1.28 1.39 1.15 1.22 1.30 1.41 .87 .99 3.07 7.07 3.43 1.13 1.29 1.77 1.02 .42 .21 .23 .17 .19 .28 .53 2.71 1 96 1.70 1.81 1.15 1.18 1.22 1.15 1.19 1.16 .91 1.18 3.22 1.41 1.28 1.63 1.22 .78 .23 .22 .21 .40 .37 .64 3.67 2.56 1.93 1.71 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.08 2,600 2,160 4,680 14,600 10,200 9,400 860 1,150 1,400 2,980 3,700 2,300 951 872 5,140 17,200 8,290 1,600 871 1,270 110 238 413 502 344 304 449 2,860 12,300 2,910 1,450 1,110 2,060 4,310 1,810 740 700 342 370 5,910 8,700 3,900 1,630 330 100 100 294 278 436 740 713 2,670 14,000 4,940 1,630 516 266 1,590 1,800 1,000 1.38 1.15 2.49 7.77 5.43 5.00 .46 .61 .74 1.59 1.97 1.22 .51 .46 2.74 9.15 4.40 .85 .47 .13 .22 .27 .18 .16 .24 1.52 6.55 1 55 .77 .59 1.10 2.30 .37 .18 .20 3.15 4.64 2.08 .87 .18 .05 .05 .16 .15 .23 .39 .38 1.42 7.45 2.63 .87 .28 .14 .53 8,060 39,000 22,900 28,000 13,300 9,430 5,220 7,000 8,640 34,800 13,900 6,250 6,950 6,280 4,380 2,260 2,780 38,200 13,900 8,750 6,990 7,360 10,600 7,460 17,100 8,480 5,510 5,000 4,070 2,740 2,630 41,600 14,100 8,560 6,850 4,240 8,230 11,000 1.22 8,530 5.91 3.47 4.24 2.02 1.43 .79 1.06 1.31 41,800 23,600 28,000 11,800 7,960 4,450 7,690 5.27 2.11 .95 1.05 .95 .66 .34 .42 38,700 15,740 5,730 5,390 4,220 2,570 1,710 2,810 5.79 2.11 1.33 1.06 1.12 1.61 1.13 45,400 13,100 7,000 4,-^00 7,260 12,500 6,970 2.59 1.28 .84 .76 .62 .42 .40 19,750 9,720 4,740 2,260 1,870 1,370 2,490 48,700 14,180 6,560 4,150 2,480 7,780 10,740 EFFECT OF PEESENT STOKAGE ON FLOW. 193 Effect of storage of water on West Branch of Penobscot River above MillinocTcet on flow at MillinocTcet and at West Enfield — Continued. Discharge at Millinocket. As observed. Second- feet. Second- feet per square mile of drainage area. As corrected for storage. Second- feet. Second- feet per square mile of drainage Discharge at West Enfield. As observed. Second- feet! Second- feet per square mile of drainage As corrected for storage. Second- feet. Second- feet per square mile of area. 0.20 396 7,060 6,930 5,210 3,480 2,140 3.76 2^77 1.85 1.14 16,200 6,490 3,000 1,610 4,510 3,130 2,860 2,990 2,930 10,200 6,910 3,790 2,490 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1,390 813 1,360 2,440 9,340 4,630 3,310 2,320 2,270 2,330 2,210 2,190 2,130 4,070 4,050 2,510 5,700 5,380 2,850 2,300 2,350 2,210 2,150 2,140 2.40 1.66 1.52 1.59 1.56 5.43 3.68 2.02 1.32 1.06 1.06 1. 06 1.06 .74 .43 .72 1.30 4.96 2.46 1.76 1.23 1.21 1.24 1.18 1.16 1.14 2.16 2.16 1.34 3.03 2.86 1,52 1.23 1.25 1.18 1.14 1.14 3,580 2,420 1,620 1,520 4,030 15,800 6,420 1,420 1,020 250 310 240 330 810 750 1,060 8,250 15,200 3,600 2,300 930 1,940 4,240 2,570 1,910 1,430 1,620 1,450 9,320 6,320 4,800 2,240 1,050 400 350 1,050 650 0.21 8.61 3.45 3.24 1.60 1.91 1.29 .86 .81 2.14 8.40 3.41 .76 .54 .13 .17 .13 .18 .43 .40 .56 4.39 8.10 1.92 1.22 .50 1.03 2.26 1.37 1.02 .76 ,86 .77 4.96 3.36 2.56 1.19 .56 .21 .19 .55 .35 6,820 3,960 2,930 17,600 40,200 19,900 17,600 10,800 7,580 10,100 22,400 16,800 11,300 10,400 11,200 22,600 39,400 17,800 7,900 6,000 4,220 3,450 4,040 3,960 8,170 10,000 43,000 38,700 13,100 8,520 5,110 10,600 15,500 11,400 7,400 8,600 11,800 27.800 19,800 16,800 8,380 6,140 4,260 3,370 4,070 4,000 1.03 .60 .44 2.67 6.10 3.02 2.67 1.64 1.15 1.53 3.39 2.55 1.71 1.58 1.70 3.42 5.97 2.70 1.20 .91 .64 .52 .61 .60 1.35 1.24 1.52 6.52 5.86 1.98 1.29 .77 1.61 2.35 1.73 1.47 1.12 1.30 1.78 4.19 2.99 2.53 1.26 .93 .64 .51 .61 .60 2,950 49,340 19,460 18,470 10,320 7,050 15,870 10,590 9,160 9,730 23,700 45,000 17,310 5,530 4,530 2,470 1,760 2,280 2,290 8,350 8,110 9,700 48,800 44,550 12,070 7,510 3,720 10,270 17,410 11,760 9,400 6,700 6,150 9,200 34,600 20,400 16,200 7,770 4,890 2,310 1,510 2,970 2,510 0.45 7.48 2.95 2.80 1.56 1.07 2.40 1.60 1.39 1.47 3.59 6.82 2.62 .84 .69 .37 .27 .35 .36 1.27 1.23 1.47 7.40 6.75 1.83 1.14 .56 1.55 2.64 1.78 1.42 1.01 .93 1.39 5.24 3.09 2.45 1.18 .74 .35 .23 .45 .38 1504! -wsp 279—12- -13 194 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. The table clearly shows the effect of the present storage above Millinocket. It is especially noticeable during the fall months of I the dry years— 1903, 1905, 1906, 1908, and 1910— when the flow past" ^MiUinocket formed a large part of the total flow at West Enfield, and the effect would be even better shown if data of discharge were available at West Enfield for the winter months following and dur- ing these periods of drought. The storage of water for log driving on the East Branch, the Mat- tawamkeag, and a few other tributaries has no lasting effect on the regimen of flow, but this temporary storage serves to lessen the tendency to high water during the spring and to maintain rather more than the normal river stage during April, May, and June on the smaller streams, and perhaps through July on the large tribu- taries. WATER AVAILABLE ON WEST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER. MASS CURVE FOR WEST BRANCH AT MILLINOCKET. The estimated monthly discharge at MiUinocket, corrected for storage, as given in the previous table, has been used in investigating the amount of water available for storage on the West Branch. The method used is that of the mass curve, described in the report on the water resources of the Kennebec River basin.^ The base data for this mass curve are embodied in the following table. Column 2 shows the mean monthly discharge of the West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket, corrected for storage, as pre- viously explained; column 3 indicates the surplus ( + ) or deficit (— ) of the discharge figures in column 2, relative to an assumed constant discharge of 2,500 second-feet at Millinocket; column 4 is the equivalent of column 3 expressed in bilhons of cubic feet; and column 5 shows the total surplus water, in billions of cubic feet, available for storage during any given month, beginning with Janu- ary, 1901, under the assumption of 2,500 second-feet minimum flow, and the values are obtained by adding or subtracting, respectively, the surplus or deficit shown in column 4. The values in this column are used in plotting the ''mass curve" (PL X). » Water-supply Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 198, pp. 150-153. EFFECT OF PEESENT STOKAGE ON FLOW. Mass curve for Millinocket. 195 January... February . . March April May June July August September. October — November. December. . January . . February. March April, lay. Apr Maj June. July August September. October — November. December. . January... February . . March April May June July August September. October November. December., January . . . February.. March April May June July August September. October November. December. . January . . . February . . March April May June July August September. October — November . December. . Month. 1901. 1902. Discharge of West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket, corrected for storage. 1903. 1904. 1905. Second-feet. 800 842 727 12,300 8,160 2,400 1,400 1,840 707 410 640 3,140 2,600 2,160 4,680 14, 600 10,200 9,400 860 1,150 1,400 2,980 3,700 2,300 951 872 5,140 17,200 8,290 1,600 871 1,270 110 238 413 502 344 304 449 2,860 12, 300 2,910 1,450 1,110 2,060 4,310 1,810 740 330 100 100 294 278 Surplus (+) or deficit ( — ) for a discharge of 2,500 second-feet at Millinocket. Second- feet. - 1,700 - 1,658 - 1,773 5,660 100 1,100 660 1,793 2,090 1,860 640 + 100 - 340 + 2, 180 -}-12,100 + 7,700 + 6,900 - 1,640 - 1,350 - 1,100 + 480 + 1,200 - 200 - 1,549 - 1,628 + 2,640 -M4,700 + 5,790 - 900 - 1,629 - 1,230 - 2,390 - 2,262 - 2,087 - 1,998 - 2,156 - 2, 196 - 2,051 360 9,800 410 1,050 1,390 440 1,810 690 1,760 - 1,800 - 2,158 - 2, 130 + 3,410 + 6,200 + 1,400 - 870 - 2,170 - 2,400 - 2,400 - 2,206 - 2,222 Billion cubic feet. - 4.55 - 4.01 - 4.75 -f25. 40 -fl5.16 - .26 - 2.94 - 1.77 - 4.65 - 5.60 - 4.82 -f 1.71 + .27 - .82 -<- 5.84 +31.36 +20. 62 +17.88 - 4.39 - 3.62 - 2.85 + 1.29 + 3.11 - .54 - 4.15 - 3.94 + 7.07 +38. 10 + 15.51 - 2.33 - 4.36 - 3.29 - 6.19 - 6.06 - 5.41 - 5.35 - 5.77 - 5.50 - 5.49 + .93 +26.24 + 1.06 - 2.81 - 3.72 - 1.14 + 4.85 - 1.79 - 4.71 - 4.82 - 5.22 - 5.70 + 8.84 + 16.60 + 3.63 - 2.33 - 5.81 - 6.22 - 6.43 - 5.72 - 5.95 Water available for storage. Billion cubic feet. - 4.55 - 8.56 -13.31 + 12.09 27.25 26.99 24.05 22.28 17.63 12.03 7.21 196 WATEK HESOUKCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Mass curve for Milinocket — Continued. Month. Discharge of West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket, corrected for Surplus (+) or deficit (— ) for a discharge of 2,500 second -feet at MOlinocket. Second- feet. BiUion cubic feet. 1906. January February March April May Jiine July August September October November December 1907. January February March April May June July August September October November December 1908. January February March April May June July August September October November December 1909. January February March April May June July August September October November December 1910. January February March April May June July August September October November December Second-feet. 436 740 713 2,670 14,000 4,940 1,630 516 266 1,590 1,800 1,000 1,260 571 396 2,860 16,200 6,490 6,080 3,000 1,610 2,880 6,970 3,580 2,420 1,620 1,520 4,030 15,800 6,420 1,420 1,020 250 310 240 330 810 750 1,060 8,250 15,200 3,600 2,300 930 1,940 4,240 2,570 1,910 1,430 1,620 1,450 9,320 6,320 4,800 2,240 1,050 400 350 1,050 650 - 2,064 - 1,760 - 1,787 + 170 +11,500 + 2,440 - 870 - 1,984 - 2,234 - 910 - 700 - 1,500 - 1,240 - 1,929 - 2, 104 + 360 +13,700 + 3,990 + 3,580 + 500 - 890 4,470 1,080 + 1,530 +13,300 + 3,920 - 1,080 - 1,480 - 2,250 - 2,190 - 2,260 - 2,170 - 1,690 - 1,750 - 1,440 + 5,750 +12,700 + 1,100 1,570 560 1,740 70 590 - 1,070 - 880 - 1,050 + 6,820 + 8,820 + 2,300 - 260 - 1,450 - 2,100 - 2,160 - 1,460 - 1,850 - 5.53 - 4.26 - 4.79 + .44 +30.80 + 6.32 - 2.33 - 5.31 - 5.79 - 2.44 - 1.81 - 4.02 - 3.32 - 4.67 - 5.63 + .93 +36.69 +10.34 + 9.59 + 1.34 - 2.31 + 1.02 +11.59 + 2.89 - .20 - 2.21 - 2.62 + 3.97 +35. 62 +10. 16 - 2.89 - 3.96 - 5.83 - 5.86 - 5.86 - 5.81 - 4.53 - 4.23 -3.86 +14.90 +34.01 + 2.85 - .54 - 4.20 - 1.45 + 4.66 + .18 - 1.58 - 2.87 - 2.13 - 2.81 +17.67 +10.22 + 5.96 - .70 -3.88 - 5.44 - 6.76 - 3.76 - 4.95 DIAGRAM SHOWING STORAGE MASS OF WEST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER AT MILUINOCKET. EFFECT OF PRESENT STOBAGE ON FLOW. 19Y Plate X shows a ^'mass diagram'' for the period embraced by the MiUinocket records (1901-1909) made up from the foregoing table by plotting the values given in column 5 as ordinates and the time in months as abscissas. Plate X was engraved before the data for 1910 in the foregoing table were available. The features of this dia- gram of especial importance are as follows : 1. For the interval of time between any two dates represented on the axis of abscissas, the surplus or deficiency is obtained by sub- tracting the ordinate corresponding to the earlier date from the ordi- nate corresponding to the later date; if this difference is positive it represents a surplus; if it is negative it represents a deficiency. An ascending part of the curve, therefore, shows a period during which the quantity of available water is increasing, and a descending part of the curve indicates a period in which the quantity of available water is decreasing. 2. The crests and hoUows of the curve indicate those instants of time when supply and demand are equal. 3. If a horizontal fine is drawn from any of the low points of the curve back to a rising line, the maximum ordinate scaled from the horizontal line to the curve will show the amount in billions of cubic feet that would have to be stored to provide the assumed flow during the period of drought covered by the horizontal line. 4. The period during which this greatest ordinate occurs is there- fore the critical one, and all the surplus of supply over demand during parts of this period must be stored to meet the deficiency during the remainder of it. Plate X shows that the period which includes the maximum ordi- nate extends from about May, 1902, to March, 1906, and that the maximum ordinate falls in May, 1903. This maximum ordinate (A-B, PI. X) corresponds to 64.55 billion cubic feet, which is the amount of storage required to provide at all times from May, 1903, to March, 1906, a minimum flow of 2,500 second-feet at MiUinocket. The effect of modifying the assumed conditions of minimum flow at MiUinocket is obtained by means of the intercepts of the dotted lines radiating from the various low points in the mass curve (C, D, and E, PL X), measured upon the vertical ordinate A-B, with regard to point A. Thus, for an assumed minimum flow of 2,400 second-feet at MiUi- nocket, the fine D F is drawn at a slope with the horizontal corre- sponding to a continuous discharge of 100 second-feet, so that F B represents 8.94 bilHon cubic feet (the equivalent of 100 second-feet for the 34-month period between B and D, or May, 1903, to March, 1906). The storage required to produce a minimum flow of 2,400 second-feet will therefore be 8.94 billion cubic feet less than the 64.55 bilHon cubic feet required for a minimum flow of 2,500 second- feet, or 55.61 billion cubic feet, or the distance A-F. 198 The dotted line marked 2,265 passes through the point C, and for values of minimum flow less than 2,265 second-feet the sloping lines will start from point C and the period during which storage is being utilized is the 10 months from May, 1903, to March, 1904. The ordinates of required storage are measured on the Hne A B until the point G is reached, corresponding to a minimum flow of 1,238 second- feet, the ordinate A-G being equal to the ordinate H-M. Below a minimum flow of 1,238 second-feet the ordinates of required storage are measured from H on the Hne H M. For a minimum flow greater than 2,500 second-feet the ordinates of required storage are greater than A B and are defined by the slant- 3000 500 20 40 60 80 100 120 2 MINIMUM STORAGE REQUIRED IN BILLION CUBIC FEET ^ Figure 5.— Minimum discharge of West Branch of Penobscot River at MlUinocket for given storage in billion cubic feet. ing lines 2,600, 2,700, etc. It will be noted that the line marked 2,571 passes through T> and E, and for minimum flow greater than 2,571 the dotted lines radiate from E, corresponding to a time of 46 months (March, 1903, to March, 1907), during which water stored prior to March, 1903, will be used. The probable upper hmit of storage is indicated by the average discharge at Milhnocket during the period 1901-1909, inclusive, which was 3,160 second-feet, or 1.68 second-feet per square mile of drain- age. It seems best to set the limit somewhat below this figure and therefore 1.60 second-feet per square mile of drainage (or about 3,000 second-feet at Milhnocket) will be assumed as the limiting quantity of water to be considered in these storage investigations. EfFECT OF PEESENT STORAGE OF FLOW. 199 In the following table are given in condensed form the results from the mass curve (PI. X), showing the amounts of storage required to give various minimum discharges at MilHnocket: Storage required for different minimum discharges at MilHnocket. [Drainage area, 1,880 square miles.] Discharge at MUU- Storage nocket. required. Second-feet Billion Second-feet. per square cubic feet. 500 0.27 3.00 1,000 .53 12.17 1,238 .66 16.45 1,500 .80 23.46 2,000 1.06 36.61 2,265 1.20 43.58 2,500 1.33 64.55 2,571 1.37 70.90 3,000 1.60 122. 88 This is also shown more completely, in graphic form, in figure 5, where values of necessary storage in bilHon cobic feet are plotted as abscissas and values of minimum discharge at Millinocket as ordi- nates. The latter values are also shown as second-feet per square mile of drainage by means of an auxiliary scale at the right of the figure. APPLICATION OF RESULTS OF MASS-CURVE COMPUTATION. To render the results of the mass-curve computations, as shown in figure 5, applicable for drainage areas adjacent to that of the West Branch of the Penobscot at Millinocket, the following table has been prepared, in which the minimum discharge is expressed as second- feet per square mile of drainage area and the required storage in billion cubic feet per 100 square miles of drainage area. Storage required to produce various discharges, based on the records of West Branch at Millinocket. Required Recorded storage per Discharge. storage at 100 square Millinocket. miles of drainage area. Sec.-ft. per sq. mile. Billion cu.ft. Billion cu.ft. 0.3 4.17 0.222 .4 7.59 .404 .5 11.0 .586 .6 14.5 .771 .66 16.4 .874 .7 18.5 .984 .8 23.5 1.25 .9 28.4 1.51 1.0 33.4 1.78 1.1 38.4 2.04 1.2 . 43.3 2.31 1.3 59.6 3.17 1.37 70.9 3.77 1.4 78.3 4.17 1.5 101.1 5.38 1.6 123.8 6.58 200 WATER EESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. WATER AVAILABLE ON OTHER TRIBUTARIES OF PENOBSCOT RIVER. The relative yield of other tributaries of the Penobscot as com- pared with that of the West Branch at Millinocket, covering the years 1906-1909 for the Mattawamkeag at Mattawamkeag, the East Branch at Grindstone, and the Piscataquis at Foxcroft, is shown on Plate XI. The years 1906-1909 have been selected because they constitute the only years of complete records of discharge. On this plate each year has been considered in two portions, one includ- ing the months April to June, inclusive, which are generally the months when most of the water is available for storage, and the second portion the months July to March, inclusive, which in tliis latitude are generally months when stored water would have to be utilized. All the diagrams on Plate XI are mass curves showing the total discharge in second-feet per square mile of drainage area per month, all curves being assumed to start at the same point, at the beginning of the period in question, and the relative position of the curves at any time indicating the relative total discharge of these different tributaries up to that time. Comparing these results, first for the period April to June, inclu- sive, it will be noted that the mass curves for the West Branch, East Branch, and Mattawamkeag are in general similar, and the total amount of water available for storage on these different rivers is about the same. In general the discharge of the Mattawamkeag is slightly greater than that of the East Branch, the latter slightly exceeding that of the West Branch. This is in accordance with the relative amounts of precipitation on the drainage areas of these branches. It must be kept in mind that the run-off during April and May usually includes the greater part of the precipitation stored in the form of snow, beginning about the middle of November. The record shows a considerably higher discharge for the Piscata- quis than for the other tributaries, partly because the gaging station is much nearer the source of the river than are the gaging stations on the other tributaries. The precipitation on the upper part of the Piscataquis basin is undoubtedly considerably greater than the mean precipitation on the whole basin, and the unit discharge at Foxcroft is correspondingly greater than at the mouth of the Piscata- quis. The records for the Foxcroft gaging station are probably not as reliable as those for the other tributaries, on account of the variable use of water at the mills above Foxcroft, and the estimates of flow during the winter months at Foxcroft are probably subject to considerable error. Hence, though it may be inferred that the 3 cr m y m (£ \ CK-^ a iv±oj. »- <0 3 5 -o o: nr cc O D ai N -1 O O H C) h -) (f) OS c UJ Mat 1 r^ ^Wa f A /^ ^-^- 1 '// J^ A ^ r lattawann, ea, 14.5 /: _^^ / ^ ;/ 7 /^ Malta wamkeag East Branch West Branch i l/. y A h ^w. b -^ ^ ■ DIAGRAM SHOWING STORAGE MASS OF SEVERAL TRIBUTARIES OF PENOBSCOT Rl\ discharge for West Branch of the Penobscot has been corrected for storage; other figures are as obsi EFFECT OF PRESENT STOEAGE OK PLOW. 201 unit discharge of the Piscataquis at Foxcroft is greater than that of the other tributaries of the Penobscot here considered, it is probable that the results shown by the mass curves (PL XI) are somewhat too large. The July to March curves for the three seasons considered on Plate XI indicate that the discharge in 1907-8 was considerably above the normal, the other two seasons being characterized as drier. During July of each year the flow of the East Branch is liable to be somewhat affected by storage, but it will be noted that after July the East and West branches show very similar discharge until the following April. The discharge of the Mattawamkeag is also similar to that of the East and West branches for the summer and fall months, but from November of each year it shows a well-defined tendency toward increase, doubtless owing to the fact that the Mattawamkeag drain- age basin lies relatively nearer the coast and farther east than the areas drained by other tributaries, so that occasional winter thaws contribute to the run-off. The Mattawamkeag is therefore less subject to the low-water stages during January and February than the other rivers — an important factor in the storage problem, for it will be noted that these winter months frequently show very low discharge rates on the East and West branches of the Penobscot and thus materially extend the time required for using stored water. (See PL XI.) The Piscataquis curve shows a slightly greater discharge rate than is shown by the curves for the other tributaries during the summer months, considerable more during the fall, and very much more during the winter. The explanation is in part indicated on page 200. The relative yield of the four tributaries may be summarized as follows: The amount of water generally available for storage from April to June, inclusive, is slightly greater on the East Branch and Matta- wamkeag than on the West Branch, and is probably still greater on the Piscataquis, so that the upper limit of storage corresponding to a unit discharge of 1.60 second-feet per square mile of drainage, as used in the table on page 199, is conservative for all these tributaries. For the part of the year when storage must generally be utilized, July to March, inclusive, the East and West branches are substan- tially alike in regimen, and the table, page 199, is applicable to either drainage area. For the Mattawamkeag this table is conservative, and somewhat less storage would be required to produce the various assumed discharges, especially the lower ones. For the Piscataquis above Foxcroft this table is very conserva- tive, but as most of the available storage in the Piscataquis drainage 202 WATER EESOtJKCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. is in the lakes northeast of Foxcroft and adjacent to the West Branch drainage area, the table is fairly well applicable for these storage sites. WATER AVAILABLE FROM STORAGE. The table on page 199 affords a basis for the following estimates of discharge probably available from the various storage reservoirs: Discharge available from storage reservoirs on West Branch of Penobscot River. Twin Lake system. [Drainage area, 1,880 square miles.] Elevation of water surface above Bangor and Aroostook datum (feet). Total storage ca- pacity (cubic feet) above ele- vation 469 feet. Minimum discharge available from this storage. Remarks. Second-feet per square mile. Second- feet. 487 489 491 492 11,410,000,000 12,800,000,000 14,190,000,000 14,880,000,000 0.51 .55 .59 .61 960 1,030 1,110 1,140 Crest of spillway, present dam. Top of flashboards, present dam (highest level of lake). Ripogenus Lake. [Drainage area, 1,410 square miles.] Elevation of water surface above sea level (feet). Total storage ca- pacity (cubic feet) above ele- vation 879 feet. Minimxmi discharge available from this storage. Remarks. Second-feet per square mile. Second- feet. 889 930.6 301,100,000 21,600,000,000± Crest of present dam. Crest of proposed dam, which will include Che- suncook Lake. 0.91± 1,310± Chesuncook Lake. [Drainage area, 1,330 square miles.] Elevation of water sur- face above Bangor and Aroostook datum (feet). Total storage ca- pacity (cubic feet) above ele- vation 913. Minimum discharge available from this storage. Remarks. Second-feet per square mile. Second- feet. 933 935 937 13,600,000,000 15,600,000,000 17,600,000,000 0.72 .77 .83 958 1,024 1,104 Crest of spillway, present dam. See Ripogenus Lake, above. EFFECT OF PKESENT STOEAGE ON FLOW. 203 Discharge available from storage reservoirs on West Branch of Penobscot River — Contd. Caucomgomuc Lake. [Drainage area, 174 square miles.] Elevation of water surface above sill of present dam (feet). Total storage ca- pacity (cubic feet) above sill of dam. 800, 100. 000 1,358,000,000 1,760,600,000 2,872,800,000 Minimum discharge available from this storage. Second-feet per square mile. 0.43 .61 .71 .95 Second- feet. 75 106 124 165 Remarks. Sill of present dam. Crest of present dam. Summary for V/est Branch of Penobscot River. Twin Lake system Ripogenus and Chesuncook lakes Caucomgomuc Total second-feet per square mile at outlet of Twin Lakes system Discharge available with present storage. Second-feet. 1,140 9&S 106 2,204 1.17 Discharge available with additional storage. Second-feet. 1,140 1,310± 165 2,615 Even with the additional storage indicated above the West Branch would not be developed to the limit of 1.60 second-feet per square mile, and would still be capable of utilizing more storage capacity. Discharge available from storage reservoirs on East Branch of Penobscot River. Grand and Second Grand lakes. [Drainage area, 496 square miles.] Elevation of water surface above sea level (feet). Total storage ca- pacity (cubic feet) above ele- vation 641.2. Minimum discharge available from this storage. Remarks. Second-feet per square Second- feet. 645 650 655 660 665 670 407,900,000 1,104,900.000 1,959,000,000 2,949,900,000 4,056.700,000 5,277,800.000 Ordinary low water. Crest of present dam. 0.30 .40 .51 .63 .73 149 199 253 313 363 204 WATEE EESOUECES OF PEKOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Discharge available from storage reservoirs on East Branch of Penobscot River — Contd. Chamberlain and Telos lakes and Round Pond. [Drainage area, 270 square miles.] Elevation of water surface above sea level (feet). Total storage ca- pacity (cubic feet) above ele- vation 935.4, Minimum discharge available from this storage. Second-feet per square mile. Second- feet, 937.9 942.9 945.8 947.9 952.9 957.9 962.9 1,261,000,000 3,991,000,000 5,729,000,000 6,973,000,000 10,173.000,000 13, 743; 000, 000 17,804,000,000 0.43 .89 1.13 1.23 1.37 1.48 1.6 116 240 305 332 370 400 432 Ordinary low water. Crest of present Lock Dam. 10 feet above ordinary low water. 20 feet above ordinary low water. Limit of desirable storage. Allagash Lake. [Drainage area, 102 square miles.] Elevation of water surface above sea level (feet). Total storage ca- pacity (cubic feet) above ele- vation 1,037. Minimum discharge available from this storage. Remarks, Second-feet per square Second- feet. 1,041.5 1,044 1,051.5 1,061.5 1, 068. 9 835,500,000 1,320,000,000 2,844,400,000 5,020,400,000 6,710,000,000 0.63 .81 1.25 1.45 1.60 64 83 127 148 163 Ordinary low water. Crest of present dam. 10 feet above ordinary low water. 20 feet above ordinary low water. Limit of desirable storage. Summary for East Branch of Penobscot River, Lake. Discharge available with present storage. Discharge available with additional storage. Second Grand Second-feet. 199 305 84 Second-feet. 363 432 163 Chamberla n and Telos and Rn and Pond . . . . . . Allagash 588 a 795 Total second-feet ner snuare mile at outlet of Crrand !>,? ike. 1.19 1,60 a Omitting Allagash Lake, as entire drainage area will be required for Chamberlain Lake. The discharge indicated in the summary above would include com- plete development of the East Branch above Grand Lake outlet to a discharge of not less than 1.60 second-feet per square mile, or the practical limit of available water. EFFECT OF PEESElirT STORAGE ON FLOW. 205 Discharge available from storage reservoirs on Mattawarrikeag River. Baskahegan Lake. [Drainage area, 151 square miles.] Elevation of water surface above crest of present dam (feet). Total storage ca- pacity (cubic feet) above ele- vation of pres- ent gate sills. Minimum discharge available from this storage. Remarks. Second-feet per square mile. Second- feet. 5 10 12.8 2,468,000,000 5,033,000,000 8,058,000,000 9,950,000,000 0.95 1.32 1.50 1.60 143 199 227 242 Crest of present dam. Limit of desirable storage. Mattawamkeag Lake. [Drainage area, 305 square miles.] Elevation of water surface above sea level (feet). Total Storage ca- pacity (cubic feet) above ele- vation 455. Minimum discharge available from this storage. Remarks. Second-feet persguare Second- feet. 455 457 460 462 464 465 Gate sills, present dam. Crest of present dam. Probable limit due to excessive damage. 262,600,000 694,200,000 1,004,200,000 1,331,500,000 1,501,600,000 0.30 .36 .42 .45 91 110 128 137 Pleasant Lake. [Drainage area possibly tributary, 79 square miles.] Elevation of water surface above sea level (feet). Total storage ca- pacity (cubic feet) above ele- vation 595. Minimum discharge available from this storage. Remarks. Second-feet per square Second- feet. 595 598 600 602.5 605 607.5 610 620 Proposed elevation of outlet; to be obtained by dredging. Present elevation of outlet. Probable limit of high water without excessive expense for dam, etc. 179,000,000 303,900,000 464,900,000 630,800,000 802,300,000 977,900,000 1,716,700,000 0.30 .39 .50 .62 .72 .80 1.15 23.7 30.8 39.5 49.0 59.0 63.0 91.0 206 WATER EESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE Discharge available from storage reservoirs on Mattawamkeag River — Continued. Summary for Mattawamkeag River. Lake. Discharge available with present storage. ... Discharge available with additional storage. Second-feet. 143 128 Second-feet. 242 137 59 Mattawamkeag Pleasant Lake Total second-feet per square mile for 535 square miles total drainage area 271 438 0.51 0.82 Discharge available from reservoirs on Piscataquis River. Schoodic Lake. [Drainage area, 32 square miles.] Elevation of water surface above sea level (feet). Total storage ca- pacity (cubic feet) above ele- vation 428.5. Minimum discharge available from this storage. Remarks. Second-feet per square mile. Second- feet. 428.5 430 432.5 435 435.4 Probable elevation of outlet. Probable present limit of storage. Probable limit of storage on account of damage. Probable limit of storage on account of lack of drainage area. 447,500,000 1,202,300,000 1,969,000,000 2,110,000,000 0.86 1.37 1.56 1.60 28 43 50 51 Seboeis Lake and Northwest Pond. [Drainage area, 49 square miles.] Elevation of water surface above sea level (feet). Total storage ca- pacity (cubic feet) above ele- vation 432. Minimum discharge available from this storage. Remarks. Second-feet per square mile. Second- feet. 432 432.5 435 437.5 440 442.5 445 P*robable elevation of outlet. Probable present limit of storage. Limit of storage on accoxmt of excessive damage. 78,900,000 483,800,000 906,200,000 1,345,300,000 1,799,700,000 2,268,100,000 0.22 .70 1.03 1.27 1.36 1.44 11 34 50 62 67 71 EFFECT OF PEESEITT STOKAGE ON FLOW. Discharge available from reservoirs on Piscataquis River — Continued. Endless Lake. [Drainage area, 66 square miles.] 207 Elevation of water surface above sea level (feet). Total storage ca- pacity (cubic feet) above ele- vation 392. Minimum discharge available from this storage. Second-feet per square Second- feet. 392 395 397.5 400 402.5 405 407.5 410 Sill of present dam. Crest of present dam. 168,100,000 326,300,000 499,100,000 684,500,000 881,000,000 1,088,700,000 1,306,200,000 0.32 .45 .59 .72 .83 .95 1.08 21 30 39 48 55 63 71 Sebec Lake. [Drainage area, 367 square miles.] Elevation of water surface above sea level (feet). Total storage ca- pacity (cubic feet) above sill of dam. Minimum discharge available from this storage. Remarks. Second-feet per square mile. Second- feet. 5 8 10 12 15 17 Sill of dam. Top of wasteway. Top of gates. Probable limit of storage on account of excessive damage. 1,393,900,000 2,240,300,000 2,809,000,000 3,381,100,000 4,245,100,000 4,824,900,000 0.39 .51 .60 .68 .77 .83 143 187 220 250 282 304 Summary for Piscataquis River. Lake. Discharge available with present storage. Discharge available with additional storage. Schoodic Second-feet. 43 62 39 250 Second-feet. 51 («) 105 304 Seboeis Endless Sebec . . 394 460 Total in s( jcond-feet per square mile for 465 square mi es total drainage area. . . 0.85 0.99 a Included in discharge for Endless Lake. SUMMARY OF EFFECT OF STORAGE ON FLOW. The foregoing tables of suminaries, comprising the more important reservoir sites for which data are available, are especially striking when considered in respect to the minimum discharge that should be obtained with the present developed storage (about 49 billion 208 WATEB RESOTJKCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. cubic feet), and show that, even on the West Branch, with its splen- did storage facilities, water is not used as it should be to obtain the best results for power development. On the West Branch this loss is occasioned by the use of water for log driving during the summer months ; on the East Branch, the Mattawamkeag, the Piscataquis, and other smaller tributaries no effort is made to store water except for log driving, and as a rule the gates at the dams are opened when the driving season is completed and any remaining stored water is allowed to waste. The following table presents an estimate of minimum flow obtainable at West Enfield and points below on the main river by efficient operation of the storage basins. For the portions of the drainage area not included in the storage basins considered the run- off used is that for the minimum month, as given on pages 136-139. Yield of the Penobscot River at West Enfield and points below with present and addi- tional storage. Drainage area (square miles). Minimum discharge in second-feet. River and point. With present storage (total 49 billion cubic feet). With additional storage (total 85 billion cubic feet). Second- feet. Second- feet per square mile. Second- feet. Second- feet per square mile. West Branch: At Millinocket 1,800 220 2,204 37 1.17 .17 2,615 37 1.39 Below Millinocket . . . .17 2,100 2,241 1.07 2,652 1.26 East Branch: 496 634 588 196 1.19 .31 795 196 1.60 Below Grand Lake .31 1,130 784 .69 991 .88 Mattawamkeag: Stored 535 965 271 68 0.51 .07 438 68 0.82 .07 1,500 339 .23 506 .34 Piscataquis: Stored - 465 1,035 394 155 0.85 .15 460 155 0.99 Remainder .15 1,500 549 .37 615 .41 Penobscot: Remainder above West Enfield Total at West Enfield 370 6,600 7,210 7,720 55 3,968 4,059 o4,136 0.15 .60 .56 .54 55 4,819 14,910 14,987 0.15 .73 Total near Oldtown, just below Sunkhaze .68 .64 o Assuming discharge from intermediate drainage at 0.15 second-foot per square mile. The foregoing table covers a period of drought as severe as is likely to occur in the Penobscot drainage basin, as can be seen by comparing the storage-mass curve (PL X) with that for the Kennebec at Moosehead Lake.^ The Kennebec curve covers the 14 years, 1893 to » See Water-Supply Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 198, PI. VI. EFFECT OF PEESENT STOKAGE ON FLOW. 209 1906, inclusive, and, like Plate X, shows that the period of most severe drought was 1903-4. The table indicates that if the present developed storage of 49 billion cubic feet were efficiently operated the discharge of the main river at and below West Enfield would never fall below a monthly mean discharge of about 4,000 second-feet, whereas it actually reached 2,260 second-feet in October, 1903. With additional storage, making a total of 85 billion cubic feet, the minimum discharge at West Enfield would be increased some 800 second-feet and would reach nearly 5,000 second-feet at the lower power sites on the river near Bangor, or about double the present extreme low-water flow. Lessening amount of water used for log driving. — The quantity of water at present used in log driving is approximately estimated on page 213. The most serious waste occurs on the East Branch, where 2,000 to 3,000 second-feet are required for driving. On the West Branch 4,000 second-feet is used between Chesuncook and Ambejejus lakes. This water is not necessarily all lost, as the Twin Lakes system below will handle at least a portion of it. Between the Twin Lakes outlet and the mouth of the West Branch, Quakish Lake and the large pond at the Dolby plant of the Great Northern Paper Co. enable the use without loss of any excess water used for driving during the daytime. Further, Mllinocket Lake dam was reconstructed during 1909 epecially for the purpose of storing water for driving, and the stored water will be of especial help on the lower part of the West Branch. Data in regard to water used for driving on the Mattawamkeag and Piscataquis are not available, but in a general way these tributaries are not so important for log driving as the East and West branches, nor are their facilities for storage so great at present. Unquestionably much of the waste of water in driving can be eliminated, and that without a great burden of expense. The future demands for driving should not require any excess flow on the West Branch over that actually in use for power at Millinocket. On the East Branch the channel below Grand Lakes will require improvement. The development of some of the good power sites in this part of the river would be of much assistance in this respect. The main river can undoubtedly be driven with the quantities that would be contributed from the East and West branches and other tributaries under the improved regulation of storage. In considering this matter it must be kept in mind that the log-driving season is usually not a period of drought, so that the run-off in the table (p. 208) for parts of the drain- age area not controlled by storage would be considerably greater than that estimated. 15042°— wsp 279— 12 14 210 WATEE EESOUKCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Effect of storage on navigation. — The navigable portion of the Penob- scot, being entirely within tidal limits, the effect of regulating and increasing storage of water in the basin would not be of great impor- tance except perhaps in the upper part of the river near Bangor. The efficient use of the present available storage would, as has been shown, increase the extreme low-water flow of the river by some 1,800 second-feet. This would probably mean an increase in stage of between 1 and 2 feet at Bangor at low tide of a dry year, an increase which would be of considerable value to the large boats plying between Bangor and Boston. With the increased storage the low-water discharge at Bangor would be some 2,800 second-feet greater than at present, which would raise the low- tide stage during the dry year perhaps 2 to 3 feet over the present height. CONCLUSIONS. The estimates of storage here presented are not necessarily final and may be changed in the light of later and more complete data, but they are based on the run-off of the West Branch during a series of very dry years and are believed to represent the practical extreme of low water to be expected on the Penobscot. The data for tributaries other than the West Branch are not as complete or as conclusive, and it is likely that the estimates are, if anything, too conservative for these portions of the drainage basin. The basin contains numerous storage sites that have not been investigated, and eventually the estimated amount of available additional storage can probably be greatly increased. This is especially true of the Mattawamkeag and Passadumkeag drainage basins, for which storage data are less com- plete than for the other tributaries. The Piscataquis above Sebec River may also afford one or more small reservoir sites. Some excel- lent opportunities have been indicated for obtaining additional storage with economy. Of the 49 billion cubic feet of storage afforded by the dams in the Penobscot basin for which data are available, only about 30 billion cubic feet — that on the West Branch — is operated with any approach to efficiency as regards the use of water for power development, and even on the West Branch the predominance of the log-driving inter- ests during certain months of the year causes considerable waste of water. In the past log driving and lumbering have been of greatest impor- tance, but the constantly growing power interests require a much more economical use of water than is necessary in log driving. The present dams should be kept tight and in good repair and care should be taken not to waste water either in log driving or by careless hand- ling of gates. Systematic efforts should be made to keep all reser- LOG DKIVING AND LUMBERING. 211 voirs as full and to retain the water as far upstream in the storage system as possible. Care in operation with even the present reservoir system would greatly increase the value of the power privileges, and the development of the additional storage sites described in this report would establish a minimum discharge limit that would make the Penobscot one of the best power streams in the United States. LOG DRIVING AND LUMBERING. NEED OF CONSERVING FORESTS. Whether or not the forests of the country are being cut at a rate so rapid as to threaten their early extermination is a question that has gained serious recognition. Years ago white pine was abundant in the Maine forests; to-day comparatively little can be found, and it is believed that the practical exhaustion of the white pine in this State has had an important effect in directing public attention to a proper care of the remaining forests. Many large operators are endeavoring to acquire sufficient forest land to produce a yearly growth equivalent to their yearly requirements. The cut of timber in the entire State of Maine in the winter of 1907-8 was about 725,000,000 feet board measure. Of this quantity about 230,000,000 feet were cut in the Penobscot basin. The princi- pal commercial wood is now spruce, but hemlock and cedar are also cut. METHOD OF DRIVING. There are five principal ''drives" in the Penobscot basin, namely, the West Branch, East Branch, Mattawamkeag, Piscataquis, and Passadumkeag. Some of these drives are united at certain points, others are independent from the starting point to the Penobscot boom, near Greenbush, where all drives are held up to be sorted. Log-cutting operations are begun much earlier now than formerly. During August many men are in the woods building camps, swamping roads, and getting ready for the winter's cut, which is to be begun in the early fall. After the logs are cut they are ' 'yarded" in convenient places, and when the snow comes they are hauled to the "landing," located on the shore of some tributary of the river down which they are ultimately to find their way. When the ice breaks up in the spring, the logs are rolled into the stream and float down on the high stage. In this way many small streams are driven which are almost dry after the first spring freshets. At the outlet of many of the ponds are dams which hold the spring waters back until the logs are ready, when, by a series of flushes, the logs are floated down the smaller streams to the larger stream below. If the first freshet fails to be of sufficient volume to flush the drive down stream, a part of it is held up and may have to remain over until the following spring. 212 After the drive is out of these small streams it is customary to allow the gates of dams at their headwaters to remain open until the next fall, so that during the summer their flow is natural. The method used on the small streams is similar to that employed on the main river. On many streams, reservoirs are formed for the purpose of storing water to be used in carrying the main drive through the crooked and rocky sections and to float the logs over the otherwise shallow places. Chamberlain and Telos lakes, at the headwaters of the East Branch, form such a reservoir, nearly all of the stored water during the average year being used for the drive. Chesuncook Lake also was formerly used for this purpose, but power developments and improvements during the last few years have brought about a much more economical use of the water, although some of the water is still required for driving logs. It is of interest to note that the largest operator on the Penobscot — the Great Northern Paper Co. — has employed during the winter of 1907-8 in the Penobscot Valley 2,700 men and more than 800 horses. The location of the booms often mentioned in connection with the drives, is as follows: Penobscot boom begins at head of Hemlock Island and ends near Pea Cove; Great Northern Paper Co.'s boom, at North Twin Dam; Gellerson boom at Hainesville. TIME OF DRIVING. The different main drives are in general controlled by companies incorporated for the purpose and having certain powers from the State. The separate drives are usually "bid in" by some responsible person who has direct charge of operations. Previous to the 1903 drive, the Penobscot Log Driving Co. drove from the head of West Branch to Penobscot boom. Beginning with the drive of 1903, the West Branch Drive & Reservoir Dam Co., affiliated with the Great Northern Paper Co., took control, their lower limit being Shad Pond, where the Penobscot Log Driving Co. assumed control, driving to the Penobscot boom. By far the larger part of the West Branch drive is for the Great Northern Paper Co. and consequently does not go below Millinocket. The West Branch drive leaves Chesuncook Lake sometime in June, arriving in Shad Pond on or about July 5 and at Penobscot boom about the 1st of September. The East Branch Drive Co. drives the East Branch from Grand Lake. Ordinarily West Branch logs are held in Shad Pond until the East Branch drive passes into the main river, so that the two drives will not become mixed. At Lincoln the East Branch logs are sorted, and here the West Branch drive usually overtakes that from the East Branch so that both drives go into the Penobscot boom together, arriving there about the 1st of September. U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 279 PLATE XII A. LOGS AT TIDEWATER, READY FOR SHIPMENT. B. LUMBER AT TIDEWATER, READY FOR SHIPMENT. PENOBSCOT RIVER AT BANGOR. LOG DKIVING AND LUMBEKING. 213 The logs are sold in the Penobscot boom, whence they are driven to their destination (see PL XII). As a rule the drives of the Mattawamkeag, Piscataquis, and Passa- dumkeag branches arrive in Penobscot boom sometime in June. WATER USED IN DRIVING. It is evident that the water is required for driving at just the time that it should be stored to meet the needs of power plants, and that more or less water is required for the drives during the greater part of the summer. The following quantities of w^ter are required to drive from Chesun- cook Lake to the Penobscot boom: From Chesuncook to Ambejejus, about 4,000 second-feet. North Twin to Quakish, probably less than 3,000 second-feet. There is really no excess used in this distance, however, as day pitch of about 3,500 second-feet is used which is held at Quakish Lake and used through the wheels at Millinocket, about 2,500 second-feet being required here day and night. From Quakish Lake to Shad Pond, about 3,500 second-feet. It was customary for the Penobscot Log Driving Co. to require 4,000 second-feet from the time their drive left Shad Pond until it arrived below Medway, where the quantity was reduced to about 3,500 second-feet, water being taken from Millinocket Lake and an additional amount being furnished by the East Branch. It is probable that at the present time 3,000 second-feet, used in heads, together with the water supplied by East Branch and lower tribu- taries, will drive this part of the river. The amount of water necessary to drive the East Branch is not definitely known, but it is probably between 2,000 and 3,000 second- feet. At the end of the average year the Chamberlain-Telos and Grand-Second Grand lakes storage reservoirs are drawn down to a very low stage, many years flowing with all gates up at the end of the driving season. QUANTITIES OF LOGS DRIVEN AND COST OF DRIVING. The following tables show the amount and cost of the principal drives for a series of years. Figures are given for the West Branch drive from 1898 to 1902, inclusive, covering the entire distance from the head of Chesuncook Lake to Penobscot boom. Since 1902 the drive above Shad Pond has been handled by a different company, and figures for this portion of the drive are not available after that date. It will be noticed that with the year 1903 there was an appar- ent falling off in the amount driven down West Branch. This is explained by the fact that beginning with 1903 the logs of the Great Northern Paper Co. have not entered Shad Pond. 214 WATEE RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. The table relating to the West Branch from Shad Pond to Penobscot boom gives directly the tax per thousand or the charge per thousand made by the driving company against the owners of the logs. The tax per thousand is derived for the remaining tributaries from aver- ages of the cost over the partial distances for which information is available. Amount and cost of log driving on Penobscot River and tributaries. West Branch of Penobscot River from head of Chesuncook Lake to Penobscot boom. Year. Amount driven (thousand feet). Cost. Tax per thousand. 1898. . 22,406,330 47,970,890 48,439,010 82,451,920 78,499,380 $21,431.99 50,623.39 48,603.32 63,387.98 63,796.44 1899 1900. . 1901 1902. . West Branch of Penobscot River from Shad Pond to Penobscot boom. 1903 27,026,000 37,281,740 37,207,320 41,970,715 18,201,930 22,625,590 33,812,930 41,041,800 $25,674.70 23,487.50 25, 128. 70 29,379.50 12,741.40 13,122.86 19,379.51 25,445.91 $0.95 1904 .63 1905 .68 1906 .70 1907 .70 1908 .58 1909 .58 1910 .62 West Branch of Penobscot River from Shad Pond to Dolby. 1908 4,621,860 30,000,000 7,849,180 $462. 19 3,600.00 941. 90 $0.10 1909 .12 1910 .12 East Branch of Penobscot River from Grand Lake to Penobscot boom. 1898 23,208,290 37,796,810 37,010,810 40,952,230 40,461,920 42,444,200 72,908,580 44,859,460 61,299,690 46,149,700 $9,496.88 21,246.45 18,789.34 25,570.82 30, 199. 07 31,996.36 61, 161. 11 45,918.04 40, 179. 02 54,244.36 1899 1900 1901 . 1902 1903 . 1904 1905. . 1906 1907 . . Mattawamkeag River from Gellerson boom to Penobscot boom. 1903 14,095,490 36,606,720 15,729,320 11.056,820 10,807,570 13,046,730 10,230,110 10,616,970 11,429,820 $7,690.55 23,447.85 10,403.54 8, 513. 75 7, 500. 93 4,273.77 3,829.05 5,722.23 4,302.00 1904 . 1905 1906.. 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 . . .. Passadumkeag River from Nicatous Lake to Penobscot boom. 1903 . 17,374,470 20,534,459 7,696,755 14,254,370 13,186,760 $10,399.17 15,643.93 4,614.23 6,654.75 6,056.88 1904 1905. . 1906 . 1907 . LOG DKIVING AND LUMBEKING. 215 Amount and cost of log driving on Penobscot River and tributaries— Continued, East Branch, tax for partial distances. FROM GRAND LAKE DAM TO PENOBSCOT BOOM. Year. Amount driven (thousand feet). Tax per thousand. Remarks. 1898. . . 12,671,930 10,764,510 10,237,060 3,844,911 9,251,530 8,505,860 9,262,850 3,306,150 14,830,810 6,657,930 22,845,900 3,265,600 12,196,930 30,928,510 12,707,800 9,608,520 24,528,840 8,000,000 10, 633, 555 13,381,420 $0.50 .64 .83 .71 .78 .79 .81 .91 .91 .79 .831 .831 .921 .92i .921 1.38 .90 .90 1.24 1.37§ 1899 First drive. 1900 Second drive. First drive. 1901. Second drive. First drive. 1902.. ... ... Second drive. First drive. 1903 Second drive. First drive. 1904 Second drive. Rafted out in spring of 1904. First drive. 1905O Second drive. Rafted out in spring of 1905. 1906 1907. .. Rafted out in spring of 1907. Second drive. Third drive. Average .897 FROM GRAND LAKE DAM TO LINCOLN. 1905 10,495,060 13,076,320 1,613,560 3,348,760 $L18 .70 1.06 L19^ 1906 1907 Third drive. Average . . L034 FROM HASKELL ROCK TO PENOBSCOT BOOM. 1901. 1905. Average. 1,071,400 1,631,800 1,088,960 $0.54 .71 1.21 ,82 FROM HULLING MACHINE TO PENOBSCOT BOOM. 1900. 1901. 1902. Average. 426,280 1,073,890 116, 480 1,692,250 $0.44 .51 .63 .73 578 FROM SEBOEIS AND WASSATAQUOIK STREAMS TO LINCOLN. 1905. . . 6,249,830 1,514,000 1,850,250 $0.78 .50 .70 1906 1907 Average . . .66 o Previous to 1905 the logs were driven from the various points up the river to Lincoln for the same price that they were driven from the corresponding points to the Penobscot boom. 216 WATER RESOURCES OE PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Amount and cost of log driving on Penobscot River and tributaries — Continued, East Branch, tax for partial distances— Continued. FROM SEBOEIS AND WASSATAQUOIK STREAMS TO PENOBSCOT BOOM. Year. Amount driven (thousand feet). Tax per thousand. Remarks. 1898 10, 536, 360 8,402,150 6, 082, 140 19,621,090 12,845,680 5,485,480 16,947,270 2,035,560 5,150,810 300, 000 11,478,080 2,968,000 4,686,350 14, 180, 530 3,998,235 $0.30 .51 .61 .49 .53i .53f . 62J .62i .98 .70 .88 1899 First drive. 1900. . Second drive. 1901 First drive. 1902 Second drive. 1903 1904 Second drive. Rafted out spring 1904. 1905 Second drive. 1906 1907.. Average .555 FROM WHETSTONE FALLS TO PENOBSCOT BOOM. 1902.. 1,148,490 6,362,420 2, 197, 520 $0.61 .77 1.65 Second drive. 1905. First drive. 1907 . . Average . . 1.01 FROM SOLDIER BROOK TO PENOBSCOT BOOM. 1902. 1904. 1905. Average . . 2,536,950 2,629,180 3, 104, 810 $0.56 .56i .74 .622 FROM MUD BROOK TO PENOBSCOT BOOM. 1900 3,219,390 2,188,350 858, 470 $0. 351 .43 .78 1903. . 1907 Average .522 PROM GRINDSTONE TO PENOBSCOT BOOM. 1899 813,270 3,104,080 3,263,510 3, 496, 190 $0. 33i .33 .73 1.15 1901 ... 1905 1907 . . .636 FROM MEDWAY TO PENOBSCOT BOOM. 1907. 4,771,740 $0.80 LOG DRIVING AND LUMBERING. 217 Amount and cost of log driving on Penobscot River and tributaries — Continued. Mattawamkeag River, tax for partial distances. Year. From— To Lincoln. To Montague. To Penobscot boom. 1903 Gellerson boom $0.58 .701 .601 $0.58 .701 .60f .68 .68 .77 .75 $0.58 1904 do .701 do .601 1905 .. do .68* do . .68 1906 .do .77 .75 .77 1907 do. .75 .68 .69 .69 Wy topitlock 1903 .53 .53 .53 1904 do .651 1904 do .551 1905 . . do .63 .53 .53 .59 Baskahegan 1904 .591 do .691 .65 Molunkus 1903 .51 1904 do .631 1905 do .61 .59 Mattakeunk ... 1904 .63i .61 1905 do .62 Passadumkeag River, tax for partial distances. To Penobscot boom from— Year. Nicatous. Pistol. Mada- gascal. Grand Falls. Saponic. 1903 $0. 80* $0. 32^ .481 .6O2 .77 .77 $0. 32| '.m .52 .62 .62 .31J .32 .28 .25 1903 . . 1903 . . . 1904. .. LOO 1.00 $0.52 1904 1904.. 1905 .74^ .56 .45 i6.'47' 1906 1906 1907 .83 .50 .37 1907 Average .78 .54 .42 .47 .52 1908 { { .46 .66i .511 .61f .46^ .58 .75 .33 .31 a. 46 1910, mouth of Nicatous Stream 1910, Nicatous Lake a Foot of Grand Falls. 218 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. The following table, giving the cost of driving per mile-thousand and per ton-mile, is compiled from the above data; it is assumed that 1,000 feet board measure weigh 3,500 pounds: Cost of log driving on Penobscot River and tributaries. West Branch of Penobscot River from head of Chesuncook Lake to Penobscot boom, 1898-1902. Location of drive. Distance in miles. Average tax per thousand. 53 $0.79 94 1.24 106 1.29 120 1.17 37 .63 78 1.04 90 1.09 104 .98 25 .53i 67 1.06 78 1.06 92 1.01 10 .47 68 .82 J 77 .68 54 .65i 65 .65i 78 .60 42 .56 66 .52 34 .31i 46 .48i 59 .40 Cost of driving. Per mile- thousand. Per ton- mile. Head of Chesuncook Lake to boom of Great Northern Paper Co Lincoln Montague Penobscot boom Foot of Chesuncook Lake to boom of Great Northern Paper Co Lincoln Montague Penobscot boom Sourdnahuiik Stream to North Twin Dam Lincoln , . . Montague Penobscot boom Ambejejus Lake to boom of Great Northern Paper Co Montague Penobscot boom Pemadumcook Lake to Lincoln Montague Penobscot boom North Twin dam to Lincoln Penobscot boom Shad Pond to Lincoln Montague Penobscot boom $0.0149 .0132 .0122 .0170 .0134 .0121 .0094 .0214 .0158 .0136 .0110 .0470 .0131 .0088 .0121 .0101 .0077 .0133 .0079 .0093 .0105 $0. 0085 .0075 .0070 .0056 .0097 .0077 .0069 .0054 .0122 .0090 .0078 .0063 .0268 .0075 .0050 .0069 .0058 .0044 .0076 .0045 .0053 .0060 .0039 West Branch of Penobscot River from Shad Pond to Penobscot boom, 1903-1907. Shad Pond to Lincoln Penobscot boom. $0. 0226 .0131 $0. 0129 .0075 Head of Chesuncook Lake to Shad Pond, 1903-1912.a Head of Chesuncook Lake to Shad Pond. . . Foot of Chesuncook Lake to Shad Pond Sourdnahunk Stream to Shad Pond Head of Ambejejus Lake to Shad Pond Foot of Pemadvuncook Lake to Shad Pond. North Twin dam to Shad Pond 60 $0.70 44 .53 32 .50 19 .30 12 .m 7 .11 $0. 0117 .0120 .0156 .0158 .0135 .0157 $0. 00678 .0077 East Branch of Penobscot River from Grand Lake Dam to Penobscot boom. J-1907. Grand Lake dam to Penobscot boom Lincoln Haskell Rock to Penobscot boom Hulling Machine to Penobscot boom . Seboeis River to Lincoln Penobscot boom Whetstone Falls to Penobscot boom.. Soldier Brook to Penobscot boom Mud Brook to Penobscot boom Grindstone Falls to Penobscot boom. Medway to Penobscot boom 89 $0.90 63 1.03 84 .82 82 .58 47 .66 72 .56 67 1.01 62 .62 61 .52 59 .64 51 .80 $0. 0101 .0164 .0098 .0071 .0140 .0078 .0151 .0100 .0085 .0108 .0157 $0. 0058 .0094 .0056 .0041 .0080 .0045 .0086 .0057 .0049 .0062 .0090 a Tax fixed by act of State legislature. LOG DKIVING AKD LUMBERING. 219 Cost of log driving on Penobscot River and tributaries — Continued. Mattawamkeag River from Gellerson boom to Penobscot boom, 1903-1907. Location of drive. Gellerson boom to Lincoln Montague Penobscot boom Baskahegan Stream to Penobscot boom. Wytopitlock Stream to Lincoln Montague Penobscot boom. Molunkus Stream to Penobscot boom — Mattakeunk Stream to Penobscot boom. Distance in mUes. Average tax per thousand. Cost of driving. Per mUe- thousand. Per ton- mUe. $0.0131 .0110 .0090 .0097 .0156 .0115 .0100 .0120 .0144 $0. 0075 .0063 .0051 .0051 .0089 .0066 .0057 .0069 .0082 Passadumkeag River from Nicatous Lake to Penobscot boom, 1903-1907. Saponic Lake to Penobscot boom Madagascal Stream to Penobscot boom. Grand Falls to Penobscot boom Pistol Lake to Penobscot boom Nicatous Lake to Penobscot boom 20 $0.52 $0.0260 24 .42 .0175 26 .47 .0177 30 .54 .0180 34 .78 .0229 $0.0149 .0100 .0101 .0103 .0131 It will be observed from the above table that the value for the average tax per mile varies greatly with the difference in length of distance driven and the difficulties encountered, but apparently the average cost of driving per ton-mile is 0.85 cent; the highest is 2.68 cents and the lowest 0.4 cent. IMPROVEMENTS IN LOG-DRIVING FACILITIES. Many things may be done to improve the facilities for driving logs and thereby effect economy in cost of driving and in the amount of water required to float the logs. Dams may be built for the storage of water to be used during the driving season, or for the purpose of creating backwater, thus making smooth an otherwise rough stretch of the river. The whole pond storage may be let out at one time, so as to furnish a '^ flush" which will float the logs over the shallow and rough places. Rocks and ledges may be blasted out of the channel. Abutments and wings may be built at some of the abrupt turns in the river. Piers and booms may be constructed. A considerable outlay is needed to maintain the booms and existing dams in proper repair.' Although much money has been spent on improvements, there is a pressing need for additional expenditure, for with the increased storage for power development should come also improved facilities for log driving, so that the water shall not be wasted when the logs are driven. It will be noted that wherever a dam has been built for power devel- opment the conditions have, in general, been improved for log driving. Notable among these improvements are the dams at East Millinocket 220 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. i and Dolby, on the main river a short distance above the mouth of East Branch, which have flooded a considerable stretch of rough water and thereby greatly improved conditions for log driving. The following table indicates some of the expenses occasioned by improve- ments during recent years : Expenses for improvements on West Branch of Penobscot River from Chesuncooh Lake to Medwayfor the years 1898-1902.^ Year. Repairs on main dams. Repairs on steamers. Repairs on dams and piors. Blasting on river. 1893 $1,525.54 678. 11 1,235.78 1,224.30 2,263.74 3,779.95 10,527.78 6,744.62 5,975.16 4,862.11 $13,322.48 $158.44 1894 1895 350. 17 367. 89 1896 1897 1898 141. 37 1899 728. 55 $25. 00 1900 1,049.82 1901 1902 9,928.20 1,282.35 38,817.09 24,747.29 2,631.98 25.00 3,881.71 2,474.73 263. 20 2.50 a These expenses include in some years the building and care of dams. Expenses for improvements on the main river from Medway to the Penobscot boom by the Penobscot River Dam & Improvement Co., 1898-1907} 1898 $1,721.00 1899 2,535.00 1900 2,946.00 1901 2,450.00 1902 3,000.00 1903 1,900.00 1904 1,800.00 1905 $2, 373. 00 1906 1,700.00 1907 2,900.00 23, 325. 00 Average yearly expense . . 2, 332. 50 Expenses for improvements on East Branch of Penobscot River from Grand Lake dam to Medway, 1898-1906} 1898 1774.00 1899 1,939.25 1900 875.00 1901 610.00 1902 375.00 1903 $786.00 1904 1,758.00 1905 1,962.12 1906 500.00 1 These expenses include blasting out rocks and ledge in the river, repairs to dams, hanging and taking care of the booms, and manning them, and executive expense. 2 Some of the amounts here shown include the building of several piers, but for the most part they are for blasting out ledges and rocks in the river. GAZETTEER OF RIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS IN THE PENOBSCOT RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. By Gertrude E. Schulz. The streams, lakes, and ponds described in the following pages comprise all that are named on the BluehiU, Orono, Orland, Bucksport, Bangor, and Penobscot Bay sheets of the United States topographic atlas and on an 8-sheet manuscript map of Maine (scale 1 inch = 3 miles) compiled by C. C. Babb from the best data available. Abaconetie Bog, Somerset County, T. 6, R. 17; the Northeast Branch of Penobscot River enters the bog from the northwest and passes from its southern end to join the North Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); a small unnamed stream flows into the bog from the east; length (approximate), about one-fourth mile; width, maximum, about one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.08 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Abol Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 9; inlets, two unnamed streams from the north; outlet, a short stream from the west, entering West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), IJ miles; maximum width, two-thirds mile; area of water surface, 0.19 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Adams Farm Pond, Penobscot County, northwestern Howland Township; outlet, through an unnamed stream, about 3 miles long, to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1| miles; maximum width, three-fourths mile; area of water surface, 0.85 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Alamoosook Lake, Hancock County, west-central Orland Township; inlets, Meadow Brook, Gulch Brook, streams from Toddy and Craig ponds. Dead River, and one small unnamed stream; outlet, Orland River (to Penobscot River); elevation, 20 feet; length (approximate), 2 miles; maximum width, 1 mile; area of water surface, 1.51 square miles; Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Alder Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in Harriman Pond in western Sebec Town- ship; flows generally southeastward to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); has no tributaries; length (approximate), 7 miles; drainage area not meas- ured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Alder Brook, Somerset County; rises in Fish Pond in south-central T. 3, R. 3; flows northeastward to its junction with South Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); receives the flow of two small unnamed ponds; length, about 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Alder Brook, Washington County; rises in an unnamed pond in central T. 8, R. 3; flows northwestward for about 1 mile, then turns and flows generally southward for about 9 miles, turning again and flowing east and northeastward into Baskahegan Lake (tributary through Baskahegan Stream to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); receives the flow of about 15 short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 21 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. 221 222 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Alder Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in Western Dover Township; flows generally eastward and northeastward to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of about 10 short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 16 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map, Allagash Lake, Piscataquis County, Tps. 7, R. 14, and 8 R. 14; inlets, one short unnamed stream from the southeast and Allagash stream which flows through the lake, forming its outlet into Chamberlain I.ake (tributary through Round Pond and Telos Lake to Webster Brook, which flows through Grand Lakes to East Branch of Penob- scot River); length (approximate), 4 miles; maximum width, 2f miles; approximate area of water surface (wells), 7 square miles; present storage, 8 feet; drainage area at outlet, 102 square miles. See pages 177 of this report. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Allagash Stream, Somerset County; rises in an unnamed pond in extreme north- eastern part of T. 8, R. 16; flows generally southeastward through Allagash Lake into Chamberlain Lake (tributary through Round Pond and Telos Lake to Webster Brook, which flows through Grand Lakes, to East Branch of Penobscot River); receives the overflow of Crescent, Mud, Narrow, and Mile ponds, and about eight unnamed streams, ranging in length from 2 to 5 miles; length (approximate), 18 miles; drainage area at its entrance into Chamberlain Lake, 124 square miles. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Ambejejus Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 1, R. 9; inlets, overflow of Millinocket Lake at highwater stage and West Branch of Penobscot River, which flows through it into Pemadumcook Lake; length, approximate, 4 miles; maximum width, about 1| miles; approximate area of water surface (wells), including North and South Twin Lakes and Pemadumcook Lake, 24.9 square miles; present storage, 25 feet; drainage area, including all of West Branch of the Penobscot up to head of Ambejejus Lake, 1,600 square miles. See page 167 of this report. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Avery Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 15; inlets, two small unnamed streams from the north and south, each about 4 miles long and receiving the flow of a number of smaller streams; outlet, a short stream from the southeast to Caucogomuc Lake (tributary to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approxi- mate), one-half mile; maximum width, about one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.06 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. B. Pond, Piscataquis County, T. B, R. 11; inlets, an unnamed stream from the south, about 3 miles long, and Gurnsey Brook from the west, which flows through the pond, forming its outlet to East Branch of Pleasant River, whose junction with the West Branch in T. 5, R. 8, forms Pleasant River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 2 miles; maximum width, three-fourths mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.97 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7, Maine State map. Babcock Brook, Aroostook County, rises in T. 3, R. 4; flows generally southeast- ward to West Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Mattawamkeag, which joins Penobscot River in Mattawamkeag Township, Washington County); receives the flow of two short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 8 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Bailey Brook, Piscataquis County, rises in extreme northeastern part of T. 6, R. 11; flows generally eastward through Grand Lake to East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 7 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Baker Brook, Penobscot County; rises in central Bradley Township, at an eleva- tion of about 200 feet; flows slightly northwestward to Sunkhaze Stream, thence to Penobscot River; receives the flow of two short unnamed streams in the extreme upper part of its course; length (approximate), 6^ miles; total fall, 80 feet; drainage area not measured. Orono sheet, U. S. G. S. GAZETTEER OF RIVEES, LAKES, AND PONDS. 223 Baker Brook, Penobscot County; rises in southeastern Corinth Township, at an elevation of 180 feet; flows generally southeastward and southward to its junction with Kenduskeag River (tributary to Penobscot River), in Kenduskeag Township, receives the flow of two short unnamed streams from the east; length (approximate), 6| miles; total fall, 60 feet; drainage area not measured. Bangor sheet, U. S. G. S. Bald Brook, Somerset County; rises in central Sandy Bay Township; flows gener- ally westward to its junction with South Branch of the Penobscot (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River) in Hammond Township; receives the overflow of Duncan Pond from the north and Jones Pond from the south, besides about six unnamed small streams; length, about 14 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Bald Mountain Pond, Somerset County, eastern Bald Mountain Township; inlet, an unnamed stream from the west; outlet, through Marble Pond and Marble Brook to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), almost 2 miles; maximum width, three-fourths mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.81 square miles; present storage, 4 feet; additional available storage, 7 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Bank Brook, Penobscot County; rises on the line between Tps. 2 and 3, R. 7; flows in a circuitous course, but in general westerly to the East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 2^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Baskahegan Lake, Washington County, Brookton and Topsfield townships, inlets, overflow from Jackson Brook Lake and Pickerel Lake, Alder, Jenkins, and Dead brooks, besides the flow of several small unnamed streams; outlet, Baskahegan Stream to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approxi- mate), 5 miles; maximum width, nearly 4 miles; approximate area of water surface; 16.40 square miles; present storage, 7 feet; additional available storage, 10 to 12 feet; drainage area not measured. See page 178 of this report. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Baskahegan Stream, Washington County; rises in Baskahegan Lake, in Brook- ton Township, flows generally northward to Aroostook County, thence turns and flows northwestward to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the overflow of Hot Brook Lake, besides that of innumerable small unnamed streams; length (approximate), 18 miles; drainage area at outlet Baskahegan Lake, 151 square miles. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Battle Brook; see Big Battle Brook. Bean Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 2, R. 11; flows slightly southwest- ward for about 3 miles, when it turns southeastward to its entrance into Nahmakanta Lake (tributary through Pemadumcook Lake and Twin Lakes to West Branch of Penob- scot River); receives the flow of Bear Brook from the west; length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Bear Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in an unnamed pond in T. 1, R. 12; flows almost due north to its junction with Ragged Stream, which flows through Caribou Lake to Chesuncook Lake (on West Branch of Penobscot River); has no tributaries; length (approximate), 3 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Bear Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 2, R. 12; flows southward for about 3 miles, thence westward to Bean Brook, which flows to Nahmakanta Lake (tributary to Pemadumcook Lake and Twin Lakes on West Branch of Penobscot River); receives the flow of an unnamed stream about 2 miles long and the overflow of a small pond from the west; length, about 4| miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Bear Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 8 N. W. P.; inlet, short stream from east; outlet by short stream into Sebec Lake, thence through Sebec River to Piscataquis 224 WATER RESOUKCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. Beaver Bog, Somerset County, T. 5, R. 20 W. E. L. S.; inlet, Roberts Brook from the west; outlet, by Roberts Brook to North Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.03 square mile; drainage area not measured. Beaver Brook, Aroostook County; rises in a small unnamed pond in southwestern Linneus Township; flows in a rather circuitous course southward and southeastward to join the East Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which discharges into Penobscot River); receives the overflow of Tenmile Lake; length (approximate), 12 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Beaver Brook Lake, Aroostook County, Linneus; inlets, small stream from north, one from east, and one from west; outlet, by Beaver Brook to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.08 square mile; drainage area not measured. Beaver Pond, Penobscot County, T. 7, Rs. 6 and 7 W. E. L. S.; outlet by short stream to Grand Lake, thence through Snowshoe Lake and Whitehorse Lake to Seboeis Stream (tributary to East Branch of Penobscot River) ; area of water surface, 0.22 square mile; drainage area not measured. Beaver Pond, Penobscot County, Springfield; outlet by short stream through Mattagoudas Stream to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.06 square mile; drainage area not measured. Beaver Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 11 W. E. L. S. ; inlet, one short unnamed stream from the northeast; outlet, through small stream into Sourdnahunk Stream (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.02 square mile; drainage area not measured. Beaver Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 13 W. E. L. S.; outlet through small stream to Pine Stream (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.06 square mile; drainage area not measured. Ben Annis Pond, Penobscot County; about three-sixteenths' mile south of Hermon Pond in southwestern Hermon Township; inlet, overflow of Patten Pond; outlet, to Hermon Pond (tributary through Souadabscook Stream to Penobscot River); eleva- tion, 122 feet; area of water surface, 0.08 square mile; drainage area not measured. Bangor and Bucksport sheets, U. S. G. S. Bennett Pond, Piscataquis County, Parkman; outlet by short stream into Pis- cataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. Benson Pond, Piscataquis County, Willimantic; outlet by short stream into Onawa Stream, thence through Sebec Lake and Sebec Stream into Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.24 square mile; drainage area not measured. Benson Ponds (3 connected), Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 9; outlet, through Houston Pond and Houston Brook to West Branch of Pleasant River (tributary to Pleas- ant River, which flows to a branch of Penobscot River); the largest of the ponds is about one-eighth mile long and less than one-eighth mile wide; area of water sur- face, 0.65 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7, Maine State map. Big Battle Brook, Aroostook County; rises in northern Glen wood Township; flows southeastward to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of 2 short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 9 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Big Lane Brook, Somerset County; rises in T. 4, R. 18; flows southward to its junction with North Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot GAZETTEEK OF RIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 225 River); receives the flow of about 5 small unnamed streams; length, about 4^ miles; drainage area not measured. See also Lane Brook. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Big Lyford Pond, Piscataquis County, T. A, R. 12; outlet, through West Branch of Pleasant River to Pleasant River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which in turn flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.17 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7, Maine State map. Big Lyford Pond, Piscataquis County, Tps. 7 and 8, R. 10 N. W. P.; outlet by small stream to West Branch of Pleasant River, thence through Pleasant River to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. Big Marsh Brook, Penobscot County; rises in T. 2, R. 8; flows in a general south- westerly direction to Mattamiscontis Stream (tributary to Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of a short unnamed stream from the east; length (approximate), 7 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Big Mud Brook, Penobscot County; rises in T. 3, R. 8; flows southward to Mil- linocket Lake, which discharges through Shad Pond to West Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of two small streams from the west; length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. I Big Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 4, R. 9; outlet, through Turner Brook to Was- sataquoik Stream (tributary to East Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), seven-eighths mile; maximum width, about one-half mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.19 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Big Smith Brook Pond, Penobscot County, Millinocket; inlet, small stream from the northeast; outlet, by Smith Brook into Millinocket Stream (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.24 square mile; drainage area not measured. Billfish Pond, on the Piscataquis-Penobscot County line, between T. 6, R. 8, and T. 6, R. 9; inlet, a small unnamed stream from the northeast; outlet, to East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), one-half mile; maximum width, about one- third mile; area of water surface, 0.09 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Birch Stream, Hancock County; rises in northwestern part of T. 32 M. D.; flows northwestward to Sunkhaze Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approxi- mate), 7^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map, and Orono sheet U.S.G.S. Birch Stream, Penobscot County; rises in west-central Lagrange Township; flows generally southeastward to Penobscot River in northeastern Oldtown Township; receives the flow of a short unnamed stream in the extreme upper part of its course, besides the overflow of two unnamed ponds from the west; length (approximate), 15 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Black Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 1, R. 12; inlet, a small stream from the south; outlet. Black Stream to Ragged Stream (tributary to Caribou Lake, which discharges to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), one- half mile; maximum width, one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.46 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Black Pond, Piscataquis County, on line between T. 6, R. 14, and T. 6, R. 13; inlet, one short unnamed stream and Caucomgomuc Stream, which flows through the pond to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1^ miles; maximum width, about three-fourths mile; area of water surface, 0.60 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Black Stream, Penobscot County; rises in northwestern Levant Township; flows slightly southeastward for about 5 miles to boundary between Carmel and Hermon 15042°— wsp 279—12 15 226 WATEE KESOUKCES OE PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. townships, thence northeastward to its junction with Kenduskeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of perhaps six short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 15 miles; drainage area, 40 square miles. See page 96 of this report. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Black Stream, Penobscot County; rises in northern Garland Township; flows gen- erally northwestward to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of two short unnamed streams, besides the overflow of Man Pond; length (approximate), 12 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Black Stream, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 12; rises in Black Pond, T. 1, R. 12; flows northwestward to its junction with Ragged Stream (tributary to Caribou Lake, which discharges to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of two unnamed streams and the overflow from Mud and Black ponds; length (approximate), about 4 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Blackberry Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 13; outlet, through a small unnamed lake to Ragged Stream (tributary to Caribou Lake, which discharges to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), one- half mile; maximum width, one-sixteenth mile; area of water surface, 0.22 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Blackmail Brook, Penobscot County; rises in central Eddington Township, at an elevation of about 200 feet; flows generally northwestward to Penobscot River in extreme northern Eddington Township; length (approximate), 5 miles; total fall, 120 feet; drainage area not measured, Orono sheet, U.S.G.S. Blackmail Brook, Penobscot County; rises in central T. 3, R. 1; flows generally northwestward through an unnamed pond to Coffee Brook (tributary to Madagascal Pond, which discharges to Madagascal Stream into the Passadumkeag, a tributary of the Penobscot River); has no tributaries; length (approximate), 4 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. . Blackman Stream, Penobscot County; rises in Chemo Pond in southern Bradley Township, at an elevation of 126 feet above sea level; flows northwestward to Penob- scot River in western Bradley Township; length (approximate), 6 miles; total fall, 80 feet, mostly in the lower part of its course; drainage area not measured. Orono sheet, U.S.G.S. Blunder Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 10 W. E. L. S.; outlet by Wadleigh Brook to Trout Stream, thence to Grand Lake, East Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.09 square mile; drainage area not measured. Bog Brook, Washington County; rises in T. 8, R. 4; flows northward and north- westward to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of one short unnamed stream from the south; length (approximate), 4 J miles; drain- age area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Bog Brook, Penobscot County; rises in northwestern Kingsbury Township; flows eastward to Thorn Brook, thence to South Branch of Piscataquis River, which joins the Piscataquis (tributary to Penobscot River) in southern Abbot Township; length (approximate), 3 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Bog Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in southern Little Squaw Township; flows generally southward to Marble Brook (tributary Piscataquis River, which flows to the Penobscot); receives the flow of four short unnamed streams, besides the overflow of an unnamed pond on the west about 1^ miles long and one-half mile wide; length (approximate), 9 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, and 7, Maine State map. Bog Stream, Somerset County; rises in northwestern part of Soldiertown; flows northeastward to its junction with South Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of the Penobscot) in Pittston Township; receives from the west one LAKES, AND PONDS. 227 unnamed stream about three-fourths mile long; length, about 3 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Boody Brook, Penobscot County; rises in T. 8, R. 8; flows northeastward through Seboeis Lake and Grand Lakes to East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approxi- mate), 3 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Boody Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 6, R. 10; flows generally northeast- ward through Second Grand Lake to East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approxi- mate), about 4 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Bottle Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 9; outlet, a short stream about one-half mile long flowing to Millinocket Lake (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River) ; length (approximate), two-thirds mile; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Bowlin Pond, Penobscot County, T. 5, R. 8; inlets, 4 small unnamed streams, ranging in length from 1| to 4| miles; outlet, through East Branch of Penobscot River to Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, about one-half mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.52 square mile; present storage, 4 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Boyd Lake, Piscataquis County, central Ornville Township; outlet, through Dead Stream to Pushaw Stream (tributary to Stillwater River — the west channel of Penob- scot River at Orson and Marsh islands); length (approximate), 2 miles; maximum width, about three-fourths mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.14 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Boynton Brook, Penobscot County; rises in west-central Bradley Township, at an elevation of about 110 feet above sea level; flows slightly northwestward to Great Works Stream (tributary Penobscot River); length (approximate), 2| miles; total fall, about 35 feet; drainage area not measured. Orono sheet, U.S.G.S. Brandy Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 5, R. 14; flows westward to its junction with Caucomgomuc Stream, which empties into Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; no tributaries; length (approximate), 3 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Brayley Brook, Aroostook County; rises in Brayley Lake in T. 3, R. 4; flows slightly southeastward to Wytopitlock Stream (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); receives the flow of two short unnamed streams; length, about 7 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Brayley Lake, Aroostook County, T. 3, R. 4; inlets, 3 short unnamed streams; outlet, Brayley Brook to Wytopitlock Stream (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, less than one-half mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.38 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Brewer Pond, Penobscot County, Orrington and Holden townships, and Hancock County, Bucksport Township; elevation, 107 feet; inlets, three short unnamed streams and the overflow of Mud Pond to the south; outlet, through Fields Pond to Sedgeunke- dunk Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 2| miles; maxi- mum width, two-thirds mile; area of water surface, 1.38 square miles; drainage area not measured. Orland, Bucksport, and Bangor sheets, U.S.G.S. Brown Brook, Penobscot County; rises in T. 3, R. 1; flows generally southeast- ward to join the Passadum.keag (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of one short unnamed stream about 1 mile from its source; length (approximate), 3 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Brown Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 8, R. 10 N. W. P.; inlets, two small streams from north; outlet through Hedgehog Pond, Trout Pond, and Long Pond into Onawa Stream, thence through Sebec Lake and Sebec River to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.06 square mile; drainage area not measured. 228 WATER KESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Browns Pond, Hancock County, west-central Bucksport Township; elevation, 226 feet; inlets, two short unnamed streams from the northwest, and the overflow of Trout Pond; outlet, through Mud, Brewer, and Fields ponds to Sedgeunkedunk River (trib- utary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, one-fourth mile; between point of outlet and entrance to Mud Pond, a distance of about 1 mile, there is a fall of about 50 feet; area of water surface, 0.20 square mile; drainage area not measured. Orland, Bucksport, and Bangor sheets, U.S.G.S. Burden Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 8 N. W. P.; inlets, three streams from north; outlet, by Crooked Pond, Long Pond, and Sebec Lake to Sebec River (tributary to Piscataquis River which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.32 square mile; drainage area not measured. Bumham Pond, Piscataquis County, Sebec; inlet, short stream from west; outlet, "by short stream into Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River) ; area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. Burnt Pond, Penobscot County, T. 2, R. 6; inlets, a number of small unnamed streams; outlet, through Salmon Stream Ponds to Salmon Stream (tributary to Penob- scot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, one-half mile ; area of water surface, 0.36 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Burnt Land Pond, Penobscot County, T. 2, R. 7; inlet, Soldier Brook, which flows through the pond to East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, less than one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.14 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Cambolasse Pond, Penobscot County, Lincoln; inlet, stream from Long Pond from east; outlet, by Cambolasse Stream into Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.39 square mile; drainage area not measured. Caribou Lake, Aroostook County, on boundary between T. 3, R. 4, and Island Falls townships; inlet, the overflow of Otter Pond; outlet, through Sly Brook to West Branch Mattawamkeag (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, one-half mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.76 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Caribou Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 3, Rs. 12 and 13, and T. 2, R, 12; inlets, Ragged Stream and overflow of Deer, Bear, Fisher, and Green ponds; outlet to Che- Buncook Lake, on West Branch Penobscot River; length (approximate), 6^ miles; maximum width, about 1 mile; area of water surface, 5.86 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Caribou Pond, Penobscot County, northeastern Lincoln Township; inlet, the over- flow of a small unnamed pond about one-half mile to the northwest; outlet, through Long Pond and a number of small unnamed ponds to Penobscot River; length (approx- imate), li miles; maximum width, one-half mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.85 square mile; controlled by a dam; area of water surface, 0.39 square mile; drain- age area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Carlton Brook, Penobscot County; rises in T. 1, R. 5; flows generally southward through Mattaseunk Lake to Mattaseunk Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of about 6 short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 4 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Carleton Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in southern Kingsbury Township; flows southeastward, then northeastward to South Branch of Piscataquis River, which joins the Piscataquis (tributary to Penobscot River) in southern Abbot Township; receives the flow of a short unnamed stream from the west; length (approximate), 7 miles^ drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Caucomgomuc Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 7, Rs. 14 and 15, T. 6, Rs. 14 and 15; inlets, Ciss and Loon streams and overflow from Avery and Rose ponds; outlet, Cau- KES, AND PONDS. 229 comgomuc Stream to Chesuncook Lake, on West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 6 miles; maximum width, 1|^ miles; approximate area of water surface, 7 square miles; present storage, 8 feet; additional storage available, 8 feet; drainage area, 114 square miles. See pages 171-172 of this report. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Caucomgomuc Stream, Piscataquis County, rises in Caucomgomuc Lake, in T. 6, R. 14; flows southeastward through Black Pond into Chesuncook Lake, on West Branch Penobscot River; tributaries, Little Scot Branch and Brandy Stream from the west and an unnamed stream about 1^ miles long from the east; length, about 10 miles. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Cedar Pond, Penobscot County, on boundary line between Tps. Long. A and 3, R. 9; outlet. East Branch Seboeis Stream to Seboeis Stream (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1| miles; maximum width, three-fourths mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.10 square miles; drain- age area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Chain Pond, Somerset County, Ts. 3 and 4, R. 4 N. B. K. P.; inlet, short stream from the west; outlet, by Penobscot Brook into South Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.35 square mile; drainage area not measured. Chamberlain Lake, Penobscot County, T. 6, Rs. 11 and 12, T. 7, Rs. 11, 12, and 13, and T. 8, R. 13; inlets, overflow from Mud, Lost, Little, and Leadbetter ponds, Ellis Stream from the west, and AUagash Stream from the northwest; outlet, through Round Pond and Telos Lake to Webster Brook, which discharges through Grand Lake to East Branch of Penobscot River; approximate length, 13 miles; maximum width, 2 miles; approximate area of water surface, 17.48 square miles; present stor- age, 10 feet; additional available storage, 15 to 20 feet; drainage area not measured. See page 176 of this report. Maine State map, sheets 2 and 6. Chemo Pond, Penobscot County, Bradley, Eddington, and Clifton townships; elevation, 126 feet; inlets, Parks Pond (western outlet) and Davis Pond; outlet, through Blackman Stream to Penobscot River; length (approximate), 2^ miles; max- imum width, 1 mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.80 square miles; drainage area not measured. Orono sheet, U.S.G.S. Chesuncook Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 5, Rs. 12 and 13, T. 4, Rs. 12 and 13, and T, 3, R. 12; inlets, Caucomgomuc and Umbazooksus streams, Quaker and Red brooks, overflow of Moose and Mud ponds and Caribou Lake, and West Branch of Penobscot River, which flows through it; length (approximate), 18 miles; maximum width, 2 miles; approximate area of water surface, 35.9 square miles; present storage, 22 feet; additional available storage, 4 feet; drainage area, exclusive of Caucomgo- muc Lake, 174 square miles. See page 170 of this report. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Chesuncook Pond, Piscataquis County, on boundary, between T. 3, R. 11, and T. 2, R. 11; outlet, a small unnamed stream about 2| miles long emptying into Chesun- cook Lake, on West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), two-thirds mile; maximum width, about one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.22 mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Ciss Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in Round Pond, in southern T. 7, R. 14, flows southward to Caucogomuc Lake (discharging to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); no tributaries; length (approximate), 1^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Coffeelos Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 11; outlet, through Webster Lake and Grand Lakes to East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), two-thirds mile; maximum width, about one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.22 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Co£fee Brook, Penobscot County; rises in central T. 3, R. 1; flows generally northwestward to Madagascal Pond, which has outlet by Madagascal Stream to 230 WATER EESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives two short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 4 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Cold Brook, Aroostook County, rises in an unnamed pond in T. 3, R. 4; flows north- ward and northwestward through Fish Stream to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of an unnamed stream from the west and over- flow of a small pond near its source; length (approximate), 8 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Cold Stream, Penobscot County, rises in the lower of the Cold Stream Ponds in Enfield Township; flows generally southward to Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of a short unnamed stream from the east; length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Gaging station at Enfield. See pages 91-95 of this report. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Cold Stream Ponds (3 connected), Penobscot County, Enfield and Lincoln town- ships; outlet through Cold Stream to Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate) of upper pond, 3 miles; maximum width, one-third mile; length (approximate) of middle pond, 2^ miles; maximum width, IJ miles; length (approximate) of lower pond, 3 miles; maximum width, 1^ miles; area of water surface, of Upper or Second Pond 1.14 square miles; combined water-surface area of middle and lower ponds 7.38 square miles; controlled by a dam; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Compass Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 9; inlet, overflow from Katahdin Pond on the northeast; outlet from the west to River Pond, which discharges to West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate) one-half mile; maximum width, less than one-fourth mile; area of water surface 0.14 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Cooper Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in Crawford Pond in T. A, R. 11; flows in a generally northeasterly direction to its junction with Pratt Brook (tributary to Middle Joe Mary Lake, which has outlet through Lower Joe Mary Lake to Pema- dumcook Lake, on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of about four unnamed streams and the overflow of two ponds; length (approximately), 7^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Cooper Pond, Piscataquis County, T. A, R. 10; inlet, Cooper Brook, which flows through the pond from east to west, forming its outlet to Pratt Brook (tributary to Middle Joe Mary Lake, which discharges to Pemadumcook Lake, on West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), one-half mile; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.49 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Copeland Brook, Penobscot County, rises in southern Holden Township, at an elevation of about 450 feet above sea level; flows south westward into Long Pond, which has outlet by Moosehorn Creek to Dead River (tributary to Orland River, which flows to the Penobscot); receives one tributary, an unnamed stream about 1 mile long, which has its source in McGann Bog; length, about 5 miles; total fall (approximate), 380 feet; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U. S.G. S. Craig Pond, Hancock County, central Orland Township; outlet, through Alamoo- Book Lake to Orland River (tributary to Penobscot River); elevation, 213 feet; between point of outlet and entrance to Alamoosook Lake, a distance of about 1 mile, there is a fall of approximately 190 feet; length, about 1^ miles; maximum width, about three- fourths mile; area of water surface, 0.33 square mile; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Cranberry Pond, Penobscot County, Lowell; outlet by short stream into Cold Stream Pond, thence by Cold Stream to Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. GAZETTEEK OP.EIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 231 Cranberry Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 14; outlet, a short stream about one- half mile long, flowing from its southern end into an unnamed tributary of Lobster Lake (outlet to West Branch of the Penobscot); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, about one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.12 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Crawford Pond, Piscataquis County, T. AR. 11; inlets, from Yoke and Rocky ponds and one other unnamed stream; outlet, by Cooper Brook to Pratt Brook, which flows to Middle Joe Mary Lake (outlet through Lower Joe Mary to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1^ miles; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.82 square mile; drainage area not meas- ured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Crescent Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 9, R. 15; outlet, through Mud Pond to Allagash Stream, which flows through Allagash Lake to Chamberlain Lake (tributary through Round Pond, and Telos Lake to Webster Brook, tributary through Grand Lake to East Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.34 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Crooked Pond, Penobscot County, Lincoln Township; outlet, through an unnamed pond which overflows into Mattanacook Pond (outlet to Penobscot River); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, one-half mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.26 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Crooked Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 8 N. W. P.; inlets, three streams from north through Burden Pond ; outlet through .Long Pond and Sebec Lake to Sebec River (tributary to Piscataquis River which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.21 square mile; drainage area not measured. Crystal Stream, Penobscot County; rises in northeastern Mount Chase Township; flows generally southeastward to Fish Stream (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which joins Penobscot River in Mattawamkeag County); receives from the west an unnamed stream about 6 miles long; length (approximate), 10 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Cunningham Pond, Somerset County, T. 2, R. 4 N. B. K. P.; inlets, short streams from west and north; outlet, by Cunningham Brook into South Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.03 square mile; drainage area not measured. Cuxabexis Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 5, R. 12; inlets, two unnamed streams (from the north and southeast); outlet, through a small unnamed pond to Moose Pond, which overflows into Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 2 miles; maximum width, about 1 mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.54 square mile; present storage, 2 feet; additional storage, 5 to 6 feet; drain- age area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Daggett Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 14; inlet, from Shallow Lake; outlet, a small unnamed stream to Round Pond (outlet by way of Caucomgomuc Lake to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, about one-half mile; approximate area of water surface, .76 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Daisy Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 10 W. E. L. S.; outlet, by short unnamed stream into Sourdnahunk Stream (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.01 square mile; drainage area not measured. Davidson Pond, Penobscot County, T. 2, R. 6; outlet, through Salmon Stream Ponds to Salmon Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), one- half mile; maximum width, one-eighth mile; area of water surface, 0.15 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. 232 WATEK EESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Davis Pond, Penobscot County, T. 5, R. 7 W. E. L. S.; outlet, by short stream about 4 miles long to Seboeis Stream (tributary to East Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.08 square mile; drainage area not measured. Davis Pond, Piscataquis County, southern Willimantic Township; outlet, Davis Stream to Wilson Stream (tributary through Sebec Lake to Sebec River, which joins Piscataquis River, tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.34 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Davis Pond, Penobscot County, Holden and Eddington townships; elevation, 200 feet; inlets, Holbrook Pond and several unnamed streams; outlet, through Chemo Pond and Blackman Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); between the point of outlet and its entrance to Chemo Pond, a distance of about 2^ miles,- there is a fall of about 75 feet; approximate area of water surface, 0.68 square mile; controlled by a dam; drainage area not measured. Orono sheet, U.S.G.S. Davis Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in Davis Pond in southwestern Willi- mantic Township; flows generally northeastward to Wilson Stream (tributary by way of Sebec Lake to Sebec River, which flows to the Piscataquis, a branch of the Penob- scot); receives the overflow of Poverty, Hebron, and Monson ponds, besides two short unnamed streams from the west; length (approximate), 8 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Dead Brook, Washington County; rises near the boundary between Brookton and T. 8, R. 3; flows southeastward to Baskahegan Lake (tributary through Baskahegan Stream to Mattawamkeag River, which flows to Penobscot River); length (approxi- mate), 2 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Dead River, Hancock County; rises in Hothole Pond, northern Orland Township, at an elevation of 35 feet above sea level; flows northwestward through a bog for about three-fourths mile to its junction with Moosehorn Creek, then almost directly south- ward into Alamoosook Lake, where it joins Orland River (tributary to Penobscot River); principal tributaries, Moosehorn Creek and three unnamed streams; length, about 3^ miles; total fall, approximately 15 feet; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Dead Stream, Penobscot County; rises near boundary between Lincoln and Lee townships; flows generally*" westward to Mattanacook Pond, which discharges through the stream of the same name to Penobscot River; receives the flow of a short unnamed stream about 2 miles from its source; length (approximately), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Dead Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in Boyd Lake in central Omville Town- ship; flows generally southeastward to Pushaw Stream (tributary to Stillwater River, which flows into the Penobscot) in Alton Township, Penobscot County; besides the flow of three short unnamed streams from the west, it receives the flow of a stream about 14 miles long, also known as Dead Stream; length (approximate), 17 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Dead Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in extreme southern Atkinson Township; flows slightly northeastward for about 3 miles, then turns and flows generally south- eastward, joining a stream of the same name in west Alton Township, Penobscot County; receives the flow of a number of short unnamed streams and the overflow of an unnamed pond in the upper part of its course; length (approximate), 14 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Debsconeag Lakes (5, connected), Piscataquis County, T. 2, Rs. 10 and 11, T. 1, Rs. 10 and 11; inlets, a number of small unnamed streams; outlet to West Branch Penobscot River; approximate length of largest lake, 3 miles; maximum width, about one-half mile; area of water surface. First Lake, 0.51 square mile. Second Lake, 0.34 square mile, Third Lake, 1.54 square miles. Fourth Lake 0.52 square mile; drain- age area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. GAZETTEEK OF EIVEKS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 233 Deer Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 13; inlet, a small stream from the west about 1 mile long; outlet, an unnamed stream about 3 miles long to Caribou Lake (tributary to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; length (approxi- mate), one-half mile; maximum width, one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.25 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Deer Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 13; inlet, a small unnamed stream from the south ; outlet, a small stream about 1 mile long to Caribou Lake (outlet to Chesun- cook Lake, on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; length (approximate), 1^ miles; maxi- mum width, about one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.45 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Dole Brook, Somerset County; rises in Dole Pond, in Dole Township; flows east- ward to its junction with North Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); receives the flow of Hurricane Brook, Roberts Brook, and overflow of Long Pond, besides several other small unnamed streams; length, about 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Dole Pond, Somerset County, northwestern Dole Township ; inlets, two small streams from the west, Roberts Brook from the north, and from the south a small stream from Long Pond; outlet, by Dole Brook to North Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), IJ miles; maximum width, about one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.56 square mile; drainage area not meas- ured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Dow Pond, Piscataquis County, central Sebec Township; outlet, through an unnamed stream about 4 miles long to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.06 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Draper Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 10 W. E. L. S.; outlet, by small stream into Sourdnahunk Stream (tributary to West Branch Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.01 square mile; drainage area not measured. Duck Lake, Penobscot County, T. 4, N. D.; inlets, two short unnamed streams from the north; outlet, through Duck Stream and Nicatous Lake to Nicatous Stream (tributary to Passadumkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), 2^ miles; maximum width, 1^ miles; approximate area of water sur- face, 2.13 square miles; present storage, 9 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Duck Pond (Smyrna), Aroostook County, north-central Smyrna Township; inlet, a short unnamed stream from the north; outlet, through East Branch of Mattawamkeag River to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate) one-third mile; maximum width, one-fourth mile; area of water 0.10 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Duck Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 5, R. 12; outlet, a small stream about 1 mile long flowing northward into Moose Pond (outlet to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 2 miles; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.99 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Duck Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 13; inlet, a small unnamed stream rising in southwestern part of T. 2, R. 13, and flowing through the pond to Lobster Lake (outlet to West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), one-fourth mile; maximum width, one-eighth mile; area of water surface, 0.10 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Duck Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 8 N. W. P.; inlet, short stream from west; outlet by short stream into Burden Pond, thence through Crooked Pond, Long Pond, and Sebec Lake to Sebec River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows 234 into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.10 square mile; drainage area not measured. Duck Stream, Penobscot County; rises in Duck Pond in T. 4, N. D.; flows gen- erally westward through Nicatous Lake to Nicatous Stream (tributary to Passadum- keag River, which flows to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 2^ miles; drain- age area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Dudley Brook, Aroostook County; rises in T. 7, R. 4; flows southeastward to East Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); receives the flow of an unnamed stream from the north; length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Duncan Pond, Somerset County, central Prentiss Township (T, 4, R. 4); inlet, a short unnamed stream from the north; outlet, a stream about 1^ miles long, flowing southward into Bald Brook (tributary South Branch of Penobscot River, which flows into West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, about one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.38 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Dyer Brook, Aroostook County; rises in an unnamed pond in eastern Dyer Brook Township; flows south westward to Fish Stream (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of a number of small unnamed streams; length, about 6^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. East Branch. Lake, Penobscot County, T. 3, R. 9; outlet, through East Branch of Seboeis Stream to Seboeis Stream (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), IJ miles; maximum width, 1^ miles; approximate area of water surface, 1.08 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. East Branch of Mattawamkeag River, Aroostook and Washington counties; rises in northern Smyrna Township, Aroostook County; flows generally southward to its junction with West Branch in Haynesville Township to form the Mattawamkeag (trib- utary to Penobscot River in Mattawamkeag Township, Washington County); receives the flow of Dudley Brook, Duck and Pleasant ponds, Skiticook Lake, and Beaver Brook; length (approximate), 27 miles; drainage area above junction with West Branch Mattawamkeag River, 158 square miles. Sheet 6, Maine State map. East Branch of Penobscot Biver, Piscataquis and Penobscot counties; rises in Sink Pond, in T. 7, R. 11, Piscataquis County, at an elevation of about 850 feet above sea level; for the first half of its course it flows southeastward, but in the lower half takes an almost direct southerly course to its junction with Penobscot River in Med- way Township, Penobscot County; receives the flow of Chamberlain Lake, Round Pond, Telos Lake, Webster and Bailey brooks, the overflow of the Grand Lakes, Seboeis River, and Wassataquoik Stream, besides the flow of innumerable smaller streams and ponds; length (approximate), 60 miles; drainage area at its junction with the Penobscot River in Medway Township, including Chamberlain Lake drain- age area, 1,130 square miles. Gaging station at Grindstone. See page 56 of this report. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. East Branch of Pleasant River^ Piscataquis County; rises in T. 4, R 12, flows southeastward for the first two-thirds of its course, then turns and flows slightly south- westward to its junction with the West Branch (in T. 5, R. 8) to form Pleasant River, which empties into the Piscataquis (tributary to Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of Gurnsey Brook, the overflow of Gauntlet Pond, Upper Ebeemee Lake, Ebeemee Lake, and Middle Brook; length (approximate), 28 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, and 7, Maine State map. East Branch of Seboeis Stream, Penobscot County; rises in East Branch Lake in T. 3, R. 9; flows slightly south westward through Seboeis Stream to Piscataquis River 235 (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the overjfiow of Cedar Pond besides that of an unnamed pond on the east and an unnamed stream on the west; length (approxi- mate), 8 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. East Chair Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 9 N. W. P.; outlet, by short stream into Long Pond, thence by Long Pond Stream through Onawa Lake, Onawa Stream, Sebec Lake, into Sebec River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penob- scot River); area of water siu-face, 0.12 square mile; drainage area not measured. East Messer Pond, Penobscot County, T. 5, R. 8 W. E. L. S.; outlet, by short stream into Little Spring Brook and Big Spring Brook (tributary to East Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. Eaton Brook, Penobscot County; rises in northern Holden Township, at an eleva- tion of about 180 feet; flows in a rather circuitous course westward and northwestward to Penobscot River in northern Brewer Township; receives the flow of perhaps six unnamed streams; length (approximate), 4^ miles; total fall, about 160 feet; drain- age area not measured. Orland and Orono sheets, U.S.G.S. Ebeemee Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 5, R. 9 and Brownville; inlet. East Branch of Pleasant River, which flows through the lake also to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River) ; length (approximate), 1| miles; maximum width, one-half mile; approximate area of water surface, 2.04 square miles; drainage area, 87 square miles. Sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7, Maine State map. Egg Pond, Penobscot County, Lincoln; outlet, by short stream through Caribou Pond, Long Pond, Cambolasse Pond, into Cambolasse Stream and Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.13 square mile; drainage area not measured. Elbow Lake, Penobscot County, Purchase 4 Township; inlet, overflow from North Twin Lake; outlet, through Quakish Lake and Shad Pond to West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), less than 1 mile; maximum width, about three-fourths mile; dam at outlet of lake; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Elbow Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 10 W. E. L. S.; inlets, small stream from north and outlet from Tracy Pond; outlet by short stream into Katahdin Stream (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River) ; area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. Ellis Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 7, R. 14; flows eastward through second and first ponds to Chamberlain Lake (tributary through Round Pond and Telos Lake to Webster Brook, which flows through Grand Lakes to East Branch of Penobscot River); no tributaries; length (approximate), 10 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Elm Pond, Somerset County, T. 4, R. 16; inlet, Elm Stream, which flows through the pond to Seboomook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, about two-thirds mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.90 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Elm Stream, Somerset County; rises in T. 5, R. 18; flows southward and south- eastward through Elm Pond in T. 4, R. 16 to Seboomook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of four small unnamed streams; length, about 16 J miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Endless Lake, Penobscot County, T. 3, R. 9; inlet, from Seboois Lake; outlet, through Seboeis Stream to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 4 miles; maximum width, IJ miles; approximate area of water sur- face, 2.57 square miles; present storage, 8 feet; additional available storage, 5 feet; drainage area at outlet, 66.5 miles. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Eskatassis Pond, Penobscot County, Lowell and Burlington townships; inlets, two short unnamed streams; outlet, through a small unnamed pond to Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 2 miles; maximum width. If miles; approximate area of water surface, 1.36 square miles; present storage, 8 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. 236 Etna Pond, Penobscot County, Stetson, Etna, and Carmel townships; inlets, two unnamed streams; outlet, Souadabscook Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); length, about If miles; maximum width, three-fourths mile; area of water surface, 0.91 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Farrar Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 1, R. 12; flows northeastward into Rainbow Pond (outlet through Nahmakanta Pond and Stream to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of three short unnamed streams and the overflow of Female Pond; length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Felts Brook, Penobscot County; rises in western Holden Township, at an eleva- tion of about 130 feet; flows northwestward to Penobscot River in Brewer Township; receives the flow of two short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 4^ miles; total fall, about 160 feet; drainage area not measured. Orono sheet, U.S.G.S. Female Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 1, R. 12; inlet, from a small pond on the west; outlet, through Farrar Brook to Rainbow Pond (tributary through Nahmakanta Pond and Stream to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; length (approximate), two-thirds mile; maximum width, one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.22 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Ferguson Lake, Penobscot County, Millinocket; inlet, water is diverted from West Branch Penobscot River by a dam at the outlet of Quakish Lake into Ferguson Lake, thence through the mill of the Great Northern Paper Co. into Millinocket Stream (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.42 square mile; drainage area not measured. Fields Pond, Penobscot County, northeastern Orrington Township; elevation, 105 feet; inlet, the overflow from Brewer Pond on the south; outlet, through Sedgeunke- dunk Stream to Penobscot River in Brewer Township; length (approximate), two- thirds mile; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.29 square mile; drainage area not measured. Orland Bucksport, and Bangor sheets, U.S.G.S. Finn Brook, Aroostook County; rises in northern Reed Township; flows generally southeastward to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); no tributaries; length (approximate), 9 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. First Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 14; inlet, Ellis Stream, which flows through the pond to Chamberlain Lake (tributary through Round Pond and Telos Lake to Webster Brook, which flows through Grand Lake to East Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.27 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Fish Pond, Somerset County, T. 3, R. 3; inlet, a small stream about 2^ miles png from the west; outlet, into Alder Brook (tributary to South Branch of the Penob- scot, which flows into West Branch of the Penobscot); maximum width, one-half mile; length (approximate), 1| miles; area of water surface, 0,09 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Fish Pond, Somerset County, east-central Bald Mountain Township; outlet to Hale Brook and South Branch Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Penob- scot River); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, about three- fourths mile; area of water surface, 0.48 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Fish Pond, Somerset County, T. 5, R. 20 W. E. L. S.; inlets, two small streams from the north; outlet, by Fish Pond Stream into Foss Pond, thence by Dole Brook into North Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. GAZETTEEK OF EIVEES, LAKES, AND PONDS. 237 Fish Stream, Penobscot County; rises in southern Mount Chase Township; flows southeastward and eastward to West Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Mat- tawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of Crystal Stream and Cold Brook, besides that of several other small streams and an unnamed pond in Patten Township; length (approximate), 15 miles; drainage area not meas- ured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Fisher Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 12; outlet, a small stream on the south to Caribou Lake (tributary to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; length (approximate), one-half mile; maximum width, about one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.05 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Fitts Pond, Penobscot County, southeastern Clifton Township; elevation, 320 feet; inlets, two short unnamed streams from the south; outlet, through an unnamed stream to Chemo Pond (outlet through Blackman Stream to Penobscot River); between point of outlet and entrance to Chemo Pond, a distance of about 3^ miles, there is a fall of about 195 feet; area of water surface, 0.17 square mile; drainage area not measured. Orland and Orono sheets, U. S. G. S. Flinn Pond, Aroostook County, on boundary between Benedicta Township and T. 1, R. 5; outlet, through Hersey Brook to Molunkus Stream (tributary to Mattawam- keag River, which flows into the Penobscot); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.27 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Foley Pond, Somerset County, T. 4, R. 18; inlet, a small stream from an unnamed pond to the north; outlet, a stream about 1^ miles long flowing southeastward to Lane Brook (tributary to North Branch of Penobscot River, which in turn is tributary to West Branch of the Penobscot); length, about 1 mile; maximum width, one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.38 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Folsom Pond, Penobscot County, central Lincoln Township; inlet, the overflow of Upper Pond from the south and a small unnamed pond on the northwest; outlet, through a small unnamed pond to Mattanacook Pond (outlet by stream of same name into Penobscot River); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, less than one-half mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.26 square mile; controlled by a dam; drainage area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Foss Pond, Penobscot County, north-central Kingsbury Township; outlet, through Thorn Brook to South Branch of Piscataquis River (tributary to the Piscataquis, which flows into the Penobscot); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, about one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.14 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Fourth Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 11; outlet, to Third Lake, Grand Lake, and East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1^ miles; maximum width, a little over one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.32 quare mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Fourth Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 8 N. W. P.; inlet, stream from east; outlet, through Burden Pond, Crooked Pond, Long Pond, and Sebec Lake, into Sebec River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.33 square mile; drainage area not measm-ed. Fowler Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 9 W. E. L. S.; inlet, short stream from south; outlet, short stream into Trout Stream, thence into Grand Lake, East Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.10 square mile; drainage area not measured. Frost Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 9; outlet, through Second Grand Lake to East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maxi- mum width, one-fourth mile; area of water surface 0.05 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. 238 WATER RESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Frost Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 11; inlet, a small unnamed tributary from the northeast; outlet, an unnamed stream from the southeast to Ripogenus Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), seven-eighths mile; maximum width, about one-half mile; area of water surface 0.34 square mile; drain- age area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Garland Pond, Piscataquis County, western Sebec Township; outlet, through a short unnamed stream to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, less than one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Gassabias Lake, Penobscot County, T. 41, M. D.; outlet, through Nicatous Lake to the stream of the same name (tributary through Passadumkeag River to Penobscot River); length (approximate), If miles; maximum width, 1^ miles; approximate area of water surface, 1.34 square miles; present storage, 6 feet; drainage area not meas- ured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Gauntlet Pond, Piscataquis County, T. B, R. 10; outlet, East Branch of Pleasant River (tributary to Pleasant River, which joins the Piscataquis, a branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1| miles; maximum width, less than 1 mile; area of water surface, 0.11 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7, Maine State map. George Pond, Penobscot County, Hermon Township; inlet, Wheeler Stream, which passes through the pond to Souadabscook Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); elevation, 125 feet; the outlet has practically no fall, since it flows through a bog; length (approximate), one-half mile; maximum width, less than one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.08 square mile; drainage area not measured. Bangor sheet, U.S.G.S. George Pond, Penobscot County, Holden Township, one-fourth mile west of East Holden; inlet, an unnamed stream about IJ miles long; outlet, to Phillips Lake outlet (northern), (tributary to Long Pond, which has outlet through Moosehorn Creek, Dead River, and Orland River to Penobscot River); elevation, 170 feet; between point of outlet and junction with Phillips Lake Outlet (northern), a distance of perhaps one-fourth mile, there is a fall of about 10 feet; length, about one-fourth mile; width, about one-eighth mile; area of water surface, 0.03 square mile; drain- age area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Gordon Brook, Penobscot County, Webster Township; flows northeastward for about 2 miles, then turns and flows northwestward to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); no tributaries; length (approximate), 6} miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Gould Brook, Penobscot County; rises in western Mattamiscontis Township; flows southward and southeastward to Penobscot River; no tributaries; length (approxi- mate), 4 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Grand Lake, Penobscot County, T. 7, R. 7; inlets, Seboeis Lake and a small unnamed pond; outlet, through Whitehouse and Snowshoe lakes to Seboeis River (tributary to East Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maxi- mum width, 1 mile; area of water surface, 2.44 square miles; drainage area not meas- ured. See Whitehouse Lake and Snowshoe Lake. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Grand Lake, Penobscot County, T. 6, R. 8, and Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 9; inlets, the overflow of Second Grand Lake, Trout Brook, and several small unnamed streams; outlet. East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 3^ miles; maximum width, 1^ miles; approximate area of water surface, including Second Grand Lake, 6.63 square miles; present storage, 14 feet; additional available storage, 10 feet; drainage area at dam at outlet, includes Chamberlain Lake drainage area, 496 square miles. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Grand Lakes; see Snowshoe Lake, Whitehouse Lake. GAZETTEEE OF KIVEES, LAKES, AND PONDS. 239 Grant Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in Rat Pond in T. 2, R. 9; flows westward and southward to Millinocket Lake and Shad Pond (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 3 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Grapevine Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 8 N. W. P.; inlet, stream from east through Upper Grapevine Pond; outlet, by small stream to Sebec Lake and Sebec River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.14 square mile; drainage area not measured. Grass Pond, Aroostook County, Moro Plantation; inlet, small stream through Picked Mountain Pond from the south; outlet, by West Branch of Mattawamkeag River, through Rockabema Lake to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.10 square mile; drainage area not measured. Great Works Stream, Penobscot County; rises in eastern Clifton Township; flows generally northwestward to Penobscot River in northwestern Bradley Township; receives the overflow of Parks Pond (through its northern outlet), Boynton Brook, and a number of short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 12 miles; drainage area not measured. Orono sheet, U.S.G.S., and sheet 7, Maine State map. Green Pond, Aroostook County, Moro Plantation; inlet, small stream from south- west; outlet, by Alder Brook through Hale Lake to West Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Mattwamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. Green Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 12; outlet, a small stream on the west to Caribou Lake (tributary to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; length (approximate), one-half mile; maximum width, about one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.03 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Green Pond, Piscataquis County, on boundary between Tps. 7, R. 10, and B, R. 11; outlet, through an unnamed stream about 2J miles long to White Brook (tributary to West Branch of Pleasant River, which in turn is tributary to Pleasant River, a tribu- tary of the Piscataquis, and which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, less than one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.06 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7, Maine State map. Greenleaf Pond, Piscataquis County, eastern Abbot Township; inlet, two short unnamed streams and the overflow of an unnamed pond; outlet, through Piscataquis River to Penobscot River; length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.12 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Greenwood Ponds, Piscataquis County, on the town line between Elliottsville and Willimantic townships; outlet, through Onawa Lake to Long Pond Stream (tributary through Sebec Lake to Sebec River, which flows to Piscataquis River, a branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, one- fourth mile; area of water surface, 0,64 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, and 7, Maine State map. Grindstone Pond, Piscataquis County,- northern Willimantic Township; outlet through Wilson Stream to Sebec Lake; outlet to Sebec River, which flows into the Piscataquis, a branch of the Penobscot); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, and 7, Maine State map. Gulch. Brook, Hancock County; rises in southern Orland Township, at an elevation of 390 feet; flows northwestward into Alamoosook Lake (outlet, Orland River to Penob- scot River); receives the flow of one small unnamed stream; length, about 3 miles; total fall, 370 feet; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Gulliver Brook, Somerset County; rises in northern part of T. 4, R. 17; flows south- eastward to its junction with West Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of four 240 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. small unnamed streams from the east; length, about 7 miles; drainage area not meas- ured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Gumsey Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in T. B, R. 11; flows westward through B Pond to East Branch of Pleasant River (tributary to Pleasant River, which flows into the Piscataquis, a branch of the Penobscot); besides the overflow of B Pond, it receives the flow of 2 short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 7^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7, Maine State map. Hale Brook, Somerset County; rises in Fish Pond, T. 4, R. 3; flows in a northeast- ward direction to its junction with South Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of Hale Pond from the north and several unnamed small ponds and streams; length, about 9 miles; drainage area not meas- ured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Hale Lake, Aroostook County, Moro Plantation; inlets, stream from west through Green Pond and short stream from north; outlet, by Alder Brook to West Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.11 square mile; drainage area not measured. Hale Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 10 W. E. L. S.; inlets, two small streams from the west; outlet, by short stream into West Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.19 square mile; drainage area not measured. Hale Pond, Somerset County, T. 3, R. 3; outlet, a small unnamed stream flowing into Hale Brook (tributary to South Branch of Penobscot River, a tributary of the West Branch of the Penobscot); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width; about one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.07 square mile; drainage area not meas- ured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Half Moon Pond, Waldo County, extreme northeastern Searsport Township, inlet, a small unnamed stream from the north; outlet, an unnamed stream about 2^ miles long, flowing into Marsh River and Marsh Bay (tributary to Penobscot River) ; elevation, 328 feet; between point of outlet and junction with Marsh River, a distance of approximately 2J miles, there is a fall of 248 feet; length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, about one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.26 square mile; drain- age area not measured. Bucksport sheet, U.S.G.S. Hammond Pond, Penobscot County, northwestern Hampden Township; this pond is formed by the junction of the Souadabscook with its western branch, flowing into Penobscot River; elevation, 121 feet; length, about one-half mile; maximum width, one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.16 square mile; drainage area no measured. Bucksport and Bangor sheets, U.S.G.S. Hancock Pond, Hancock County, east-central Bucksport Township; inlets, two small unnamed streams; outlet, to Moosehom Creek (tributary to Dead River, which flows to Orland River, a branch of the Penobscot River); elevation, 99 feet; between point of outlet and junction with Moosehorn Creek, a distance of perhaps one-half mile, there is a fall of approximately 35 feet; length, little more than one-half mile; maximum width, less than one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.09 square mile; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Hanson Pond, Hancock County, near the western boundary line of Dedham Town- ship; inlet, from Saulter Pond; outlet, to Phillips Lake outlet (northern) (tributary to Long Pond, which has outlet through Moosehorn Creek to Dead River and Orland .River and thus to Penobscot River); elevation, 240 feet; between point of outlet and junction with Phillips Lake outlet (northern), a distance of less than 1 mile, there is a fall of approximately 120 feet; length, about one-eighth mile; width (approximate), one-sixteenth mile; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Hardy Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 4, R. 8 N. W. P.; inlets, two streams from north and one from west; outlet, by Schoodic Stream to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.28 square mile; drainage area not measured. GAZETTEER OF EIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 241 ^ Harlow Pond, Piscataquis County, northeastern Parkman Township; inlets Mill Stream, which flows through the pond and through North West Pond to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, one-third mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.16 square mile; present storage, 6 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Harriman Pond, Piscataquis County, western Sebec Township; outlet, through Alder Brook to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approxi- mate), less than three-fourths mile; maximum width, about one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.11 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Harrington Lake, Piscataquis County, on the boundary between T. 4, R. 11, and T. 3, R. 11; inlets, Soper and Sandy brooks and overflow from an unnaftied pond on the southeast; outlet, Ripogenus Stream to Ripogenus Lake on West Branch Penob- scot River; length (approximate), 3 miles; maximum width, one-half mile; approxi- mate area of water surf ce, 1.84 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Hathorn Pond, Penobscot County, T. 4, R. 8 W. E. L. S.; outlet, by Little Spring Brook into East Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.06 square mile; drainage area not measured . Hawkins Brook, Washington County; rises in T. 8, R. 4; flows northward to Matta- wamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); no tributaries; length (approximate), 6^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Hay Brook, Penobscot County; rises in T. 1, R. 6; flows northwestward to Mill Brook (tributary to East Branch of Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of one short stream in the upper part of its course; length (approximate), 4| miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Hay Brook, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 10; flows almost directly southward to West Branch of Pleasant River (tributary to Pleasant River, which flows into the Pisca- taquis, a branch of Penobscot River); no tributaries; length (approximate), 2 J miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7, Maine State map. Hay Brook, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 9; flows generally southward through Sec- ond Grand Lake to East Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of a short unnamed stream from the west; length, about 2^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Hay Lake, Penobscot County, T. 6, R. 8; inlets, two small unnamed streams from the south and southwest; outlet, through Sawtelle Brook to Seboeis River (tributary to East Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 2 miles; maximum width, three-fourths mile; area of water surface, 0.91 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. "^ Hay Pond, Penobscot County, T. 6, R. 8; outlet, through Sawtelle Brook to Seboeis River (tributary to East Branch Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1^ miles; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.22 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Hayden Pond, Somerset County, eastern Mayfield Township; outlet, through Kingsbury Pond to South Branch Piscataquis River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), five-eighths mile; maxi- mum width, about one-half mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Heart Pond, Hancock County, central Orland Township; about one-fourth mile south of Craig Pond; inlet, a small unnamed brook; outlet, into Toddy Pond (outlet to Orland River, which flows into Penobscot River); elevation, 174 feet; between point of outlet and its junction with Toddy Pond, a distance of less than one-fourth mile, there is a fall of about 15 feet; length, about one-half mile; maximum width, 15042°— wsp 279—12 16 242 WATEK RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. less than one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.12 square mile; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S, Hebron Pond, Piscataquis County, central Monson Township; outlet, to Davie Stream (tributary to Wilson Stream, which flows through Sebec Lake to Sebec River, a branch of the Piscataquis, a tributary of the Penobscot); length (approximate), a little less than 3 miles; maximum width, three-fourths mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.13 square miles, controlled by dam; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Hedgehog Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 8, R. 10; inlet, the overflow of Trout Pond; outlet, through Long Pond to Long Pond Stream (tributary through Onawa and Sebec Lakes to Sebec River, a tributary of the Piscataquis, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), IJ miles; maximum width, 1 mile; area of water surface, 0.08 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, and 7, Maine State map. Hemlock Stream, Penobscot County; rises in north-central Lagrange Township; flows southeastward to Penobscot River in Argyle Township; no tributaries; length (approximate), 12 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Henderson Pond, Piscataquis County, on boundary between Tps, 1, R. 11, and' A, R. 11; outlet, Pratt Brook to Middle Joe Mary Lake (tributary through Lower Joe Mary Lake to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, little less than 1 mile; area of water surface, 0.37 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Hermon Pond, Penobscot County, southwestern Hermon Township; inlets, over- flow from Tracy, Patten, and Ben Annis ponds; outlet, Souadabscook Stream which enters the pond from the west, flowing through it to Hammond Pond, from which it flows eastward to Penobscot River; elevation, 122 feet; length, about IJ miles; maxi- mum width, about three-fourths mile; area of water surface, 0.72 square mile; drainage area not measured. Bangor sheet, U.S.G.S. Hersey Brook, Aroostook County; rises on boundary between Tps. Benedicta and 1, R. 5; flows southeastward through Molunkus Lake to Mattawamkeag River (tribu- tary to Penobscot River); receives the overflow of Finn Pond and several short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 6| miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Hilton Ponds, Piscataquis County, Kingsbury; inlet, one short stream from south- west; outlet, by short stream Bog Brook, thence into Thorn Brook and South Branch of Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.08 square mile; drainage area not measured. Holbrook Pond, Piscataquis County, on boundary between Tps. 3, R. 11, and 2, R. 11; inlets, two small unnamed streams from the south; outlet, a short unnamed stream from the north about 1 mile long flowing to West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, three-fourths mile; area of water surface, 0.25 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Holbrook Pond, Penobscot County, eastern Holden Township; elevation, 200 feet; inlets, three short unnamed streams; outlet, through Davis and Chemo ponds to Blackman Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1^ miles; maximum width, one-third mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.46 square mile; drainage area not measured. Orono and Orland sheets, U.S.G.S. Holland Pond, Penobscot County, Alton; outlet, by McKechnie Brook into Birch Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.12 square mile; drain- age area not measured. Horseshoe Pond, Hancock County, T. 35 M. D.; inlet, one short stream from north; outlet, Nicatous Stream through Nicatous Lake to Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.39 square mile; drainage area not measured. GAZETTEER OF RIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 243 Horseshoe Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 8, R. 10; outlet, through Little Wilson and Wilson ponds to Wilson Stream (tributary through Sebec Lake to Sebec River, a tributary of Piscataquis River, which in turn flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1| miles; maximum width, less than one-half mile; area of water sur- face, 0.31 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, and 7, Maine State map. Hot Pond, on the Penobscot-Piscataquis County line, between T. 6, R. 7, and T. 6, R. 6; outlet, through Seboeis River to East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, two-thirds mile; area of water surface, 0.30 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Hot Brook Lake, Washington County, T. 8, R. 4, and Aroostook County, Bancroft Township; inlets, 2 short unnamed streams from the south; outlet, through Baskahe- gan Stream to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River) ; length (approxi- mate), 4 miles; maximum width, 1 mile; area of water surface, 2.53 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Ho thole Brook, Hancock County; rises in central Orland Township, at an eleva- tion of 320 feet; flows northwestward into Hothole Pond (outlet to Dead River, which flows into Orland River, a tributary of Penobscot River); tributaries, several unnamed streams from the east; length (approximate), 3 miles; total fall, about 285 feet; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Hothole Pond, Hancock County, northern Orland Township; inlets, Hothole Brook and an unnamed stream on the north about 2 miles long; outlet, Dead River to Orland River (tributary to Penobscot River); elevation, 35 feet; length, about one- half mile; maximum width, one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.09 square mile; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Hot Pistol Pond, Penobscot County, T. 3, N. D.; inlet, the overflow of Second Pistol Pond; outlet, through Passadumkeag River to Penobscot River; length (approx- imate). If miles; maximum width, 1 mile; area of water surface, 1.34 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Houston Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in Houston Pond in T. 7, R. 9; flows eastward to West Branch of Pleasant River (tributary to Pleasant River, which is tribu- tary to the Piscataquis, a branch of Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of an unnamed stream from the south; length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7, Maine State map. Houston Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 9; inlet, the overflow of Benson Ponds and one short unnamed stream from the north; outlet, through Houston Brook to West Branch of Pleasant River (tributary to Pleasant River, which is tributary to the Piscat- aquis, a branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 2 miles; maximum width, about 1| miles; approximate area of water surface, 1.19 square miles; present storage, 13 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7, Maine State map. Hoyt Brook, Penobscot County; rises in northern Lagrange Township; flows south- eastward to Penobscot River; no tributaries; length (approximate), 12 miles; drain- age area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Hudson Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 10 W. E. L. S.; inlets, two small streams from north; dam at outlet; outlet, by short stream into Webster Brook (tribu- tary to East Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.16 square mile; drainage area not measured . Hurd Pond, Hancock County, northwestern Dedham Township; inlet, an unnamed stream 2 miles long, the outlet of Moulton Pond; outlet, to Phillips Lake (outlet to Long Pond, which has outlet through Moosehorn Creek to Dead River, a tributary of Orland River, which flows to the Penobscot); elevation, 274 feet; between the point of outlet and its entrance to Phillips Lake, a distance of less than one-half mile, the fall is 51 feet; length (approximate), one-half mile; maximum width, less than 244 WATEE EESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. one-fourth mile; area of "water surface, 0.06 square mile; drainage area not m'^asured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Hurd Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 10 W. E. L. S.; inlets, two small streams from the northwest and two small streams from the southwest; dam at outlet; outlet, by small stream into West Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 1.05 Square miles; drainage area not measured. Hurd Pond Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 15; inlets, two small unnamed streams from the north and east; outlet, to Loon Lake, to Caucomgomuc Lake (tributary to Ches- uncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), two-thirds mile; maximum width, about one-half mile; area of water surface, 0l76 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Hurricane Brook, Somerset County; rises in T. 5, R. 20; flows southeastward to its junction with Dole Brook (tributary of North Branch of Penobscot River, a tribu- tary of West Branch of the Penobscot); no tributaries; length, about 3 miles; drain- age area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Hurricane Pond, Somerset County, T. 5, R. 20 W. E. L, S, ; inlets, two short streams from the north, one from -the east, and one from the west; outlet, by Hurricane Brook into Dole Brook, thence into North Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0,5 square mile; drainage areas are not measured. Hussey Pond, Piscataquis County, Blanchard; outlet, by short stream into Thorn Brook and South Branch of Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River) ; area of water surface, 0.06 square mile; drainage area not measured. Jackson Brook Lake, Aroostook County, on boundary between Brookton Town- ship and T. 10, R. 3; outlet, to Baskahegan Lake (outlet through Baskahegan Stream to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), 2 miles; maximum width, less than 1 mile; area of water surface, 1.08 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Jackson Pond, Piscataquis County, on boundary between T. 3, R. 10, and T. 3, R. 11; inlet, an unnamed stream from the west; outlet, to Kidney Pond (outlet to Sourd- nahunk Stream, which flows to West Branch of Penobscot River) ; length (approxi- mate), one-fourth mile; maximum width, one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.03 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Jacob Buck Pond, Hancock County, north-central Bucksport Township; inlet, a brook less than one-fourth mile long from the north; outlet, a stream about 2^ miles long, whose junction with the outlet of Williams Pond forms an unnamed tributary flowing into Orland River (tributary to Penobscot River); elevation, 205 feet; between point of outlet and junction with Williams Pond outlet, a distance of 2^ miles, there is a fall of about 155 feet; length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, less than three-fourths mile; area of water surface, 0.29 square mile; drainage area not measured, Orland and Bucksport sheets, U.S.G.S, Jenkins Brook, Washington County; rises in T. 8, R. 3; flows southward and south- eastward to Baskahegan Lake (outlet through Baskahegan Stream to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of four short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map, Jerry Pond, Penobscot County, Millinocket, T. 1 N., R. 7, and T. A, R. 7; outlet, an unnamed stream about 2^ miles long, which receives the flow of Schoodic Stream and which joins the West Branch of Penobscot River in the pond (about 1^ miles long), formed by the dam about IJ miles below the outlet of Shad Pond; length (approxi- mate), li miles; maximum width, about one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.12 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Joe Mary Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in a small unnamed pond in south- western part of T. A, R. 10; flows eastward and northeastward to Uj^per Joe Mary GAZETTEER OP RIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 245 Lake (outlet through Middle and Lower Joe Mary to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of perhaps five unnamed streams ; length (approximate), 3| miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Joe Mary Lakes; see Upper Joe Mary Lake, Middle Joe Mary Lake, and Lower Joe Mary Lake. Jones Pond, Penobscot County, Ts. 7 and 8, R. 8; outlet, through Seboeis Lake and Grand Lakes to Seboeia River (tributary to East Branch of Penobscot River) ; re- ceives the flow of several unnamed streams; length (approximate), five-eighths mile; maximum width, about one-half mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Jones Pond, Somerset County, central Bald Mountain Township (T. 4, R. 3); outlet a small stream about 3^ miles long, flowing north to Bald Brook (tributary to South Branch of Penobscot, which flows into the West Branch of Penobscot River) ; length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.62 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Katahdin Lake, Penobscot County, T. 3, R. 8; inlets, three small unnamed streams; outlet, through Katahdin Stream to Wassataquoik Stream (tributary to East Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1^ miles; maximum width, about seven-eighths mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.02 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Katahdin Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 9; outlet, to Compass and River Ponds, which discharge to West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 2 miles; maximum width, less than 1 mile; approximate area of water surface, 0,64 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Katahdin Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 10 W. E. L. S.; inlets, short stream from the north, which is outlet of Elbow Pond, stream from east and one from south; outlet, by Katahdin Stream to West Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.03 square mile; drainage area not measured. Katahdin Stream, Penobscot County; rises in Katahdin Lake in T. 3, R. 8; flows westward to Wassataquoik Stream (tributary to East Branch of Penobscot River); receives the flow of an unnamed stream from the south; length (approximate), 3 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Kelly Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 12 W. E. L. S.; inlet, small stream from southeast; outlet, by Caribou Stream to Caribou Lake, thence by Chesuncook Lake to West Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.08 square mile; drainage area not measured. Kenduskeag River, Penobscot County; rises in eastern Dexter Township; flows southeastward through Pleasant and Mill ponds in Garland township, and through Corinth, Kenduskeag, Glenbury, and Bangor townships to Penobscot River; besides the overflow of Pleasant and Mill ponds, it receives the flow of Baker and Lancaster brooks. Black Stream, and innumerable short unnamed streams; length (approxi- mate), 35 miles. Drainage area at mouth and including all of the drainage of Black Stream, 214 square miles. A number of years ago an artificial cut was made for log driving through a low divide between Souadabscook Stream and Black Stream, entering the Kenduskeag about 7 miles above Bangor. During high stages in the Souadabs- cook a portion of its waters finds its way through the artificial cut into the Kenduskeag. At low stages in the Souadabscook all the flow continues down its own channel. It is behoved that all of the flow of the Black Stream is into the Kenduskeag and none into the Souadabscook. Gaging station near Bangor. See page 96 of this report. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Kidney Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 10; inlet, from Rocky Pond; outlet, to Sourdnahunk Stream (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River) ; length (approx- 246 WATER RESOtJRCES OE PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. imate), one-fourth mile; maximum width, one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.03 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Kingsbury Pond, Somerset County, Mayfield and Brighton Place townships; inlets, the overflow of Hayden Pond from the north, besides three short unnamed streams and a small unnamed pond ; outlet, through South Branch of Piscataquis River to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 2^ miles; maximum width, three-fourths mile ; approximate area of water surface, 0.91 square mile; present storage, 10 feet; more storage available; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Kingsley Stream, Penobscot County; rises in extreme southern Etna Township; flows with two sharp bends in a general northeasterly course to its junction with Souadabscook Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of three unnamed streams; length, about 2 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets Nos. 3 and 7, Maine State map. Knowlton Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 10 W. E. L. S.; inlets, three streams from the north; outlet, by Foss Brook into West Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.06 square mile; drainage area not measured. ■'"''^•ncaster Brook, Penobscot County; rises in extreme southern part of Hudson '^>i'^"'.''.^hip, at an elevation of 150 feet; flows southeastward to Kenduskeag Stream ^ "^"bdtary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of a short unnamed stream from the east; length (approximate), 4^ miles; total fall, 50 feet; drainage area not measured. Bangor sheet, U.S.G.S. Lane Brook, Somerset County; rises in east-central Hammond Township; flows south westward to its junction with South Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); in the upper part of its course it flows through two small unnamed ponds; length, about 7 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Lane Brook, Somerset County; rises in a small unnamed pond in T. 4, R. 18; flows southward and eastward to its junction with North Branch of Penobscot River, whose union with the South Branch forms the West Branch of Penobscot River; receives the overflow of Foley Pond from the northwest and a short unnamed stream in the upper part of its course; length (approximate), 3| miles; drainage area not measured. See also Big Lane Brook. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Leadbetter Ponds (2), Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 11, and T. 7, R. 12; outlets, two short unnamed streams which join, forming a stream about 3 miles long that enters Chamberlain Lake (outlet through Round Pond and Telos Lake to Webster Brook, which flows through Grand Lakes to East Branch of Penobscot River); each pond is about three-fourths mile long and one-half mile wide ; area of water sur- face of pond in R. 11, 0.28 square mile; of pond in R. 12, 0.07 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Leavitt Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 1, R. 11 W. E. L. S.; inlet, short stream from the northwest; outlet, by Pratt Brook into Mud Pond, thence by Cooper Brook through Jo-Mary and Pemadumcook Lakes into West Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.08 square mile; drainage area not measured. Lilly Pond, Aroostook County, Moro Plantation; outlet, by small stream to Alder # Brook and West Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.02 square mile; drainage area not measured. Lily Pad Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 10 W. E. L. S.; inlets, one short stream from west and outlet stream of Beaver Pond; outlet, by short stream into Sourdnahunk Stream (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River) ; area of water surface, 0.01 square mile; drainage area not measured. GAZETTEER OF RIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 247 Little Birch Stream, Penobscot County; rises in eastern Bradley Township; flows northwestward to Sunkhaze Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of a short unnamed stream from the east about 1^ miles from its mouth; length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Orono sheet, U.S.G.S., and sheet 7, Maine State map. Little Eskatassis Pond, Penobscot County, Burlington; inlet, short stream from north; outlet, by short stream to Eskatassis Pond, thence by short stream to Passa- dumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.13 square mile; drainage area not measured. Littlefield Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 9 W. E. L. S.; outlet, by short stream into Trout Stream, thence into Grand Lake, East Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.02 square mile; drainage area not measured. Little Hastings Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 9 N. W. P.; outlet, by short brook into Hastings Brook (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River) ; area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. Little Lane Brook, Somerset County; rises in T. 4, R. 17; flows southeastward to its junction with North Branch Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Peno^ scot River) ; receive^ the flow of an unnamed stream about 3 miles long from the length about 5 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Little Lane Stream, Somerset County; rises in T. 4, R. 18; flows southward to North Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); receives in the upper part of its course the flow of two small streams; length, about 7^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Little Lobster Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 14; inlets, two small streams from the north and northeast; outlet, a short stream about IJ miles long emptying into Lobster Lake (outlet to West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.38 square mile; drain- age area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Little Lyford Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 10 N. W. P.; outlet, by small stream through Big Lyford Pond to West Branch of Pleasant River, thence through Pleasant River to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.02 square mile; drainage area not measured. Little Madagascal Pond, Penobscot County, Lee and T. 3, R. 1 N. B. P. P.; inlet, short stream from southeast; outlet, by short stream through Madagascal Pond to Madagascal Stream and Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.2 square mile; drainage area not measured. Little Pine Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 14; outlet, a small unnamed stream to West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), one-half mile; maximum width, about one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.13 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Little Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 12; outlet to Chamberlain Lake, which has outlet through Round Pond and Telos Lake to Webster Brook, which flows through Grand Lakes to East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width three-fourths mile; area of water surface, 0.49 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Little Pond, Hancock County, southwestern Orland Township; outlet to Meadow Brook, which flows through Alamoosook Lake to Orland River (tributary to Penobscot River); elevation, 80 feet; practically no difference in elevation between point of outlet and junction with Meadow Brook; length, about three-eighths mile; width (approximate), one-eighth mile; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Little Pushaw Pond, Penobscot County, on boundary between Corinth and Hud- son townships; inlet, Pushaw Stream, which flows through the pond to Stillwater River (west channel of Penobscot River); maximum width, 1 mile; approximate 248 WATER RESOURCES OE PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. area of water surface, 0.68 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Little Round Pond, Penobscot County, Lincoln; outlet, by short stream to Cold Stream Pond, thence through Cold Stream to Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penob- scot River); area of water surface, 0.14 square mile; drainage area not measured. Little Scot Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 5, R. 14; flows northeastward to its junction with Caucomgomuc Stream (tributary to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of the Penobscot) ; receives the flow of several short unnamed streams from the west* length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Little Seboeis River, Penobscot County; rises in T. 4, R. 7; flows southwestward to East Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of several unnamed streams; length (approximate), 7 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Little Wilson Pond, Piscataquis County, Greenville; outlet, by short stream through Wilson Pond into Wilson Stream, Sebec Lake, into Sebec River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.08 square mile ; drainage area not measured . Little Wilson Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in central Shirley Township; flows eastward to Wilson Stream (tributary through Sebec Lake to Sebec River, a trib- utary of the Piscataquis, which in turn flows into Penobscot River); no tributaries; length (approximate), 7 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, and 7, Maine State map. Lobster Lake, Piscataquis County, Northeast Carry, T. 3, R. 14, East Middlesex, and X towns; inlets, streams from Little Lobster Lake and Cranberry and Duck ponds; outlet, a small stream on the north about 2 miles long flowing into West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 4| miles; maximum width, about 2 miles; approximate area of water surface, 4.80 square miles; an island about IJ miles long and three-fourths mile wide lies in the center of this lake; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Logan Brook, Somerset County; rises in T. 4, R. 17; flows southeastward into Seboomook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; no tributaries; length (approxi- mate), 6^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Long Lake, Aroostook County, Oakfield; inlets, small streams through Spaulding Lake on the east; outlet, through short stream to East Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.24 square mile; drainage area not measured. Long Pond, Hancock County, northeastern Bucksport Township; inlets, Phillips Lake outlet (northern), Copeland Brook, and several small unnamed streams; outlet, Moosehorn Creek to Dead River (tributary to Orland River, which flows to Penobscot River); elevation, 66 feet; length, about 2^ miles; maximum width, less than one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.41 square mile; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Long Pond, Penobscot County, extreme northern part of Lincoln Township; inlet, the overflow of Caribou Pond; outlet, through a number of unnamed ponds to Penob- scot River; length (approximate), 1^ miles; maximum width, one-half mile; approxi- mate area of water surface, 0.69 square mile; controlled by a dam; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Long Pond, Piscataquis County, Bowdoin College grant, EUiottsville (T. 8, R 9), and T. 7, R. 9; inlets, the overflow of Hedgehog Pond from the west and an unnamed pond from the east; outlet, through Long Pond Stream, Onawa Lake to Sebec Lake (outlet by Sebec River to the Piscataquis, a tributary of the Penobscot); length (approximate), a little less than 3 miles; maximum width, about 1 mile; approximate GAZETTEER OF RIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 249 area of water surface, 3.08 square miles; about 4 feet storage available; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, and 7, Maine State map. Long Pond, Piscataquis County, on boundary between T. 1, R. 11, and T. A, R. 11; inlet, the overflow of a small pond from the north; outlet, from the west, through Wadleigh and Rainbow ponds into Nahmakanta Lake (outlet to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; length (approximate), 2 miles; maximum width, about one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.50 square mile; drainage area not meas- ured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Long Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 9 W. E. L, S.; inlet, short stream from north; outlet, short stream into Trout Stream, thence into Grand Lake, East Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.06 square mile; drainage area not measured. Long Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 8, R. 10 N. W. P.; inlet, stream from Brown, Fourth, Burden, and Crooked Ponds; outlet, by Onawa Stream to Sebec Lake and Sebec River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.62 square mile; drainage area not measured. Long Pond, Somerset County, central Dole Township (T. 3, R. 5); outlet, from the north to Dole Pond, to Dole Brook, which empties into North Branch of Penob- scot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1| miles; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.46 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Long Pond Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in Long Pond in northeastern Elliottsville Township; flows south westward for about 5 miles, then turns and flows southeastward through Onawa and Sebec lakes to Sebec River (tributary to the Pis- cataquis, a branch of Penobscot River) ; receives the overflow of Onawa Lake and two or three unnamed streams; length (approximate), 15 miles; drainage area not meas- ured. Sheets 2, 3, and 7, Maine State map. Longley Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 6, R. 13; flows southeastward to its junction with Umbazooksus Stream (tributary to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); no tributaries; length (approximate), about 1^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Longley Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 13; inlet, a small unnamed stream about 1 mile long from the west; outlet, to Umbazooksus Lake (outlet, Umbazooksus Stream to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; length (approxi- mate), 1^ miles; maximum width, little less than 1 mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.80 square mile; present storage, 7 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Loon Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 15; inlets, Whitney Brook, from the east, the overflow of Hurd Pond from the north, and two short unnamed streams from the south; outlet. Loon Stream to Caucomgomuc Lake (outlet to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 5 miles; maximum width, about three-fourths mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.59 square miles; dam feasible; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Loon Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in Loon Lake, T. 6, R. 15; flows northeast- ward and northward into Caucomgomuc Lake (outlet to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); receives the flow of Scott Brook from the south; length (approximate), 3 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, ]V[aine State map. Lord Brook, Hancock County; rises in T. 3, N. D.; flows southwestward about 1 mile, then turns and flows northward to Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of a short unnamed stream about 1 mile from its source; length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Lords Brook, Penobscot County, southeastern Summit Township; flows northwest- ward to Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of 250 WATER RESOtTKCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. several short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 5^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Lost Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 10; inlet, a small unnamed stream from the north; outlet, to West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), one- fourth mile; maximum width, one-eighth mile; area of water surface, 0.03 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Lost Pond, Piscataquis County, on boundary between T. 7, R. 12, T. 7, R. 13, and T. 6, R. 13; outlet to Chamberlain Lake (outlet through Round Pond, Telos Lake to Webster Brook, which flows through Grand Lakes to East Branch of Penobscot River); approximate length, one-third mile; maximum width, one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.07 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Lower Hastings Brook, Aroostook County; rises in T. 7, R. 4; flows southward and south westward to West Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Mattawam- keag River, which flows into Penobscot River); receives the flow of an unnamed stream from the west about 5| miles long; length (approximate), 7 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Lower Joe Mary Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 1, R. 10, T. 1, R. 9, and T. A, R. 10; inlet, the overflow of Middle Joe Mary Lake; outlet, to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 3^ miles; maximum width, three-fourths mile; approximate area of water surface, 3.56 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Lunksoos Brook, Penobscot County; rises in an unnamed pond in T. 4, R. 7; flows southeastward to East Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of a short unnamed stream; length (approximate), 2^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Lunksoos Pond, Penobscot County, T. 4, R. 7 W. E. L. S.; outlet, by short stream into East Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.72 square mile; drainage area not measured. Lyf ord Pond; see Big Lyford Pond. McGann Bog, Hancock County, northern Bucksport Township; a small pond; inlet, the drainage of the bog in which it lies; outlet, Copeland Brook to Long Pond (outlet through Moosehorn Creek to Dead River, which flows into Orland River, a branch of Penobscot River); elevation, 180 feet; between point of outlet and junction with Long Pond, a distance of about three-fourths mile, the fall is about 60 feet; length, about one-eighth mile; width (approximate), one-eighth mile; area of water surface, 0.02 square mile; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Macwahoc Lake, Aroostook County, Shermand and T. 3, R. 4 W. E. L. S.; inlets, two small streams from north; outlet, by Macwahoc Stream to Molunkus Stream (tributary to Mattawamkeag River which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.59 square mile; drainage area not measured. Madagascal Pond, Penobscot County, northeastern Burlington Township; inlet, Coffee Brook; outlet, through Madagascal Stream to Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1^ miles; maximum width, 1 mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.99 square mile; present storage, 7 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Madagascal Stream, Penobscot County; rises in Madagascal Pond in northeastern Burlington Township; flows generally southward to its junction with Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of a short unnamed stream about 4 miles from its source; length (approximate), 9 miles; drainage area not meas- ured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. ManseU Pond, Penobscot County, Alton; outlet, by short stream into McKechnie Brook and Birch Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.08 square mile; drainage area not measured. GAZETTEER OF RIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 251 Marble Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in Marble Pond in central Blanchard Township; flows southeastward to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of Bog Stream from the north, besides that of an unnamed pond from the south and a short unnamed stream from the northwest; length (approximate), 5 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Marble Pond, Penobscot County, T. 5, R. 8 W. E. L. S.; outlet, short stream into Bowlin Pond, thence by Bowlin Stream into East Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.06 square mile; drainage area not measured. Marble Pond, Piscataquis County, western Blanchard Township; inlet, from Bald Mountain Pond; outlet, through Marble Brook to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), one-third mile; maximum width, one-third mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Marr Pond, Piscataquis County, north-central Sangerville Township; inlet, a short unnamed stream from the west; outlet, through Black Stream to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, less than one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.14 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Marsh Brook; see Big Marsh Brook. Marsh River, Waldo County; rises in central Searsport Township, at an elevation of 580 feet; flows southeastward for 3 miles of its course, then turns abruptly and flows northwestward for about 6 miles with numerous bends and sharp turns, thence almost due north (with the exception of one great bend) for about 4 miles through a stretch of swamp land to its junction with Marsh Creek (tributary to Marsh Bay on Penobscot River); receives the flow of about 9 unnamed streams; length (approximate), 13 miles; total fall, 580 feet; drainage area not measured. Bucksport sheet, U.S.G.S. Marsh Stream, Waldo County; rises in northern Jackson Township; flows south- westward with numerous bends through Jackson, Monroe, Frankfort, and Winterport Townships to its junction with Marsh River in Marsh Bay, on Penobscot River; tribu- taries, Moulton Stream, North Branch, the outlet of Toddy Pond (Swanville Town- ship) and perhaps five unnamed streams; length, about 19^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets Nos. 3 and 7, Maine State map. Mattagondas Stream, Penobscot County; rises in north -central Carroll Township; flows in a rather circuitous course generally northwestward to Mattawamkeag Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); receives about four unnamed streams; length (approx- imate), 17 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Mattakeunk Pond, Penobscot County, southwestern Lee Township; inlets, two short unnamed streams; outlet, through Mattakeunk Stream to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 2 miles; maximum width, 1^ miles; approximate area of water surface, 0.81 square mile; controlled by a dam; drainage area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Mattakeunk Stream, Penobscot County; rises in a small unnamed pond in east- ern Springfield Township ; flows northwestward to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives three unnamed streams; length (approximate), 15 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Mattamiscontis Lakes (2 connected), Penobscot County, T. 3, R. 9; each pond receives the flow of a short stream about 1^ miles long; outlet, Mattamiscontis Stream to Penobscot River; length (approximate) of lake farthest north, 2 miles; maximum width, 1 mile; length (approximate) of southernmost lake, 1^ miles; maximum width, 1 mile; area of water surface, upper pond, 2.95 square miles; lower pond, 1.18 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map, Mattamiscontis Stream, Penobscot County; rises in Mattamiscontis Lakes in T. 3, R. 9; flows slightly southeastward into Penobscot River in Mattamiscontis Township; tributaries, Sam Ayers Stream and Big Marsh Brook and stream from 252 South Branch Lake; length (approximate), 10 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Mattanacook Pond, Penobscot County, western Lincoln Township; inlets. Dead Stream from the east and the overflow from Crooked, Folson, and Upper ponds from the southeast; outlet, Mattanacook Stream to Penobscot River in northwestern Ches- ter Township; length (approximate), IJ miles; maximum width, three-fourths mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.54 square mile; controlled by a dam; drainage area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Mattanacook Stream, Penobscot County; rises in the pond of the same name; flows northwestward to Penobscot River; no tributaries; length (approximate), 1^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Mattaseunk Lake, Aroostook County, Molunkus Township (T, A, R. 5); inlets, Whyman and Carlton brooks from the north; outlet, Mattaseunk Stream to Penobscot River; length (approximate), 3 miles; maximum width, less than 1 mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.51 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Mattaseunk Stream, Aroostook County; rises in Mattaseunk Lake; flows south- ward and south westward to Penobscot River; one tributary, unnamed stream from the east; length (approximate), 4 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Mattawamkeag Lake, Aroostook County, Island Falls and T. 4, R. 3; inlet, West Branch Mattawamkeag River, which flows through the lake to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 6^ miles; maximum width, 2 J miles; approximate area of water surface, 6.02 square miles; present stor- age, 9 feet; additional available storage, 1 foot; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Mattawamkeag River is formed by the junction of its East and west branches in Haynesville Township, Aroostook County; flows southeastward through Aroostook and Washington counties to Penobscot River; receives the flow of Scraggrook and Big Battle brooks, Baskahegan Stream, Smith, Bog, Hawkins, and Finn brooks, Wytopit- lock Stream, Mud Brook, Mattagondas and Molunkus streams, Gordon Brook and Mattakeunk Stream; length (approximate), from the junction of its East and West branches, 45 miles; drainage area, about 1,500 square miles. Gaging station at Mat- tawamkeag. See pages 68 and 158 of this report. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Mattawamkeag River, East Branch; see East Branch of Mattawamkeag. Mattawamkeag River, West Branch; see West Branch of Mattamawkeag . Meadow Brook, Hancock County; rises in northern Penobscot Township, at an elevation of 160 feet; flows northwestward through a stretch of swamp land and enters Alamoosook Lake (outlet to Orland River, which flows to Penobscot River); tributa- ries, six unnamed streams and stream from Little Pond; length, about 5^ miles; total fall, about 140 feet; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Meadow Brook, Penobscot County; rises in T. 2, R. 7; flows southeastward to East Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of three small unnamed streams; length (approximate), 5^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Messer Pond, Penobscot County, T. 5, R. 8 W. E. L. S.; outlet, by Little Spring Brook into Big Spring Brook (tributary to East Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.07 square mile; drainage area not measured. Medunkeunk Lake, Penobscot County, T. 2, R. 9; outlet, Medunkeunk Stream to Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1\ miles; maximum width, a little more than 1 mile; approximate area of water sufrace, 0.46 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Medunkeunk Stream, Penobscot County; rises in Nedunkeunk Lake in T. 2, R. 9; flows southward to Penobscot River in southwestern Chester Township; receives GAZETTEER OF RIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 253 the flow of perhaps four unnamed streams ranging in length from 3 to 8 miles; length (approximate), 12 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Middle Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 5, R. 9; flows southward to East Branch of Pleasant River (tributary to Pleasant River, which flows into Piscataquis River, a branch of the Penobscot) ; receives from the west an unnamed stream about 8 miles long; length (approximate), 4 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7, Maine State map. Middle Joe Mary Lake, Penobscot County, Indian 3 Township; inlets, Pratt Brook and overflow of Upper Joe Mary Lake; outlet, through Lower Joe Mary Lake to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch Penobscot River; length (approximate), 3 miles; maximum width, about 1 mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.65 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Mile Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 8, R. 14; outlet, through AUagash Stream and AUagash Lake to Chamberlain Lake (outlet through Round Pond and Telos Lake to Webster Brook, which flows through Grand Lakes to East Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.20 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. MiU Brook, Penobscot County; rises in T. 3, R. 7; flows southward to East Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of Swift and Hay brooks, besides that of nine unnamed streams; length, about 12 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Mill Creek, Penobscot County; rises in Sweets Pond in southern Orrington Town- ship, at an elevation of 188 feet; flows northwestward for about 1 mile, then south- westward to Penobscot River; receives the flow of about 5 unnamed streams; length (approximate), 5 miles; total fall, 127 feet; drainage area not measured. Bucksport sheet, U.S.G.S. Mill Pond, Penobscot County, south-central Garland Township; inlet, a short unnamed stream from the north and Kenduskeag River, which flows through it to Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.15 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Mill Stream, Hancock County; rises in west-central Bucksport Township, at an elevation of 200 feet; flows southeastward about 1^ miles, thence almost directly south through about 1 mile of swamp land, entering Silver Lake, through which it flows to its junction with Penobscot River at the town of Bucksport; before passing through Silver Lake it receives the flow of two small unnamed streams; length (approximate), 5 miles; total fall, 200 feet; drainage area not measured. Bucksport sheet, U.S.G.S, Mill Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in western Parkman Township; flows north- eastward through Harlow and North West ponds to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of about five short unnamed streams and the over- flow of North West and Harlow ponds; length (approximate), 10 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Millinocket Lake, Piscataquis County, Tps. 1 and 2, R. 9, and Penobscot County, Tps. 1 and 2, R. 8; inlets. Big Mud Brook, Sandy Stream, Grant Brook, and overflow of Bottle Pond; outlet, Millinocket Stream to Shad Pond on West Branch of Penobscot River; at extreme high water overflows into Ambejejus Lake. This lake is extremely irregular in shape and rugged in outline; average length, about 4^ miles; maximum width, about 4 miles; approximate area of water surface, 13.95 square miles; controlled by a dam; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Millinocket Stream, Penobscot County; rises in Millinocket Lake in T. 1, R. 8; flows in a slight southeasterly direction to Shad Pond on West Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of Smith Brook and several unnamed streams from the west, besides 254 a large part of the flow of Quakish Lake when the canal is in operation (see p. 33 of this report); length (approximate), 7^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Mink Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 9 W. E. L. S.; inlet, one short stream from the north; outlet, by Katahdin Pond, thence by Sandy Stream through Milli- nocket Lake and Millinocket Stream into West Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. Mitchell Pond, Hancock County, southwestern Dedham Township; outlet, to Phillips Lake (outlet through Phillips Lake outlet to Long Pond, which has outlet through Moosehorn Creek to Dead River, a tributary of Orland River, which flows into Penobscot River); elevation, 587 feet; between point of outlet and entrance to Phil- lips Lake, a distance of about 2 miles, there is a fall of 364 feet; length, about one- eighth mile; width (approximate), about one-eighth mile; area of water surface, 0.02 square mile; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Mohawk Brook, Penobscot County; rises in northeastern Charleston Township, flows southeastward to Pushaw Stream (tributary to Stillwater River, the west channel of Penobscot River at Orson and Marsh islands); receives two short unnamed streams in the extreme upper part of its course; length (approximate), 12 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Molunkus Lake, Aroostook County, Tps. 1, R. 5, and A, R. 5 (Molunkus); inlets; Hersey Brook and several short unnamed streams; outlet, a stream 1 mile long flowing southeastward to Molunkus Stream (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, .which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), S^ miles; maximum width, 1 mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.59 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Molunkus Stream, Penobscot County; rises in southeastern Patten Township; flows southeastward through Aroostook County to its junction with Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River) in Washington County; receives the overflow of Plunket Pond and Molunkus Lake, besides that of many short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 35 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Monson Pond, Piscataquis County, north-central Monson Township; inlet from Spectacle Pond; outlet to Davis Stream (tributary to Wilson Stream, which flows thence through Sebec Lake to Sebec River, a tributary of Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, three- fourths mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.51 square mile; several feet of stor- age available; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Moose Pond, Piscataquis County; on boundary between T. 5, R. 13, and T. 5, R. 12; inlets, overflow from Cuxabexis Lake and Duck Pond; outlet, to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), about 1| miles; max- imum width, about two-thirds mile; area of water surface, 0.54 square miles; drain- age area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Moosehorn Creek, Hancock County; rises in Long Pond, in northeastern Bucks- port Township, at an elevation of 66 feet; flows southward through a bog to its junction with Dead River (tributary to Orland River, which flows into Penobscot River); tributaries, two unnamed streams and stream from Hancock Pond; length, about 2^ miles; total fall, approximately 31 feet; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Moosehorn Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in a small unnamed pond in T. 3, R. 14; flows north and northwestward to its junction with West Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of two small unnamed streams from the east; length (approxi- mate), 3^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Mortson Brook, Penobscot County; rises in southeastern Summit Township; flows west of south to Olamon Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the GAZETTEER OF RIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 255 flow of a short unnamed stream from the east; length (approximate), 5 miles; drain- age area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Moulton Pond, Hancock County, Bucksport and Dedham Townships; outlet, to Hurd Pond (outlet to Phillips Lake and through north outlet of Phillips Lake to Long Pond, which has outlet through Moosehorn Creek to Dead River, a tributary of Orland River, which in turn flows into Penobscot River); elevation, 473 feet; between the point of outlet and entrance to Hurd Pond, a distance of about 2 miles, there is a fall of about 200 feet; length (approximate), one-half mile; maximum width, less than one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.07 square mile; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Moulton Stream, Waldo County; rises in west-central Jackson Township; flows southwestward about 2^ miles to its junction with Marsh Stream (tributary to Penob- scot River); receives the flow of two unnamed streams; length (approximate), 4 J miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets Nos. 3 and 7, Maine State map. Mountain Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 8, R. 10 N. W. P. and T. A. R. 13 W. E. L. S.; outlet, by short stream into Upper Wilson Pond, Wilson Stream, Sebec Lake and Sebec River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.20 square mile; drainage area not measured. Mountain Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 8, R. 10 N. W. P.; inlet, short stream from north; outlet, by short stream to West Branch of Pleasant River (tributary to Piscataquis River, 'which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.05 square mile; drainage area not measured. Mud Brook, Penobscot County; rises in central Prentiss Township; flows north- westward about 3 miles, thence turns and flows northeastward through Mud Lake to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of two unnamed streams; length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Mud Brook. See Big Mud Brook. Mud Lake, Penobscot County, southern Drew Township (T. 7, R. 4); inlet. Mud Brook, which flows through the lake to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, three-fourths mile; approxi- mate area of water surface, 0.21 square mile; present storage, 8 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Mud Pond, Aroostook County, Oakfield, and T. 4, R. 3; inlet, a very small unnamed stream from the south; outlet, through Skiticook Lake to East Branch of Mattawam- keag River (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River) ; length (approximate), one-fourth mile; maximum width, one-eighth mile; area of water surface, 0.24 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Mud Pond, Aroostook and Penobscot Counties, Moro PI. and T. 6, R. 6 W. E. L. S.; inlet, small stream through Pleasant Pond on west; outlet, by West Branch of Matta- wamkeag River through Rockabema Lake to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Pen- obscot River); area of water surface, 0.16 square mile; drainage area not measured. Mud Pond, Hancock County, Bucksport Township; elevation, 173 feet; inlet, from Browns Pond to the south; outlet, through Brewer and Fields ponds to Sedge- unkedunk River (tributary to Penobscot River); between point of outlet and entrance to Brewer Pond, a distance less than three-fourths mile, there is a fall of 66 feet; area of water surface, 0.05 rquare mile; drainage area not measured. Orland, Bucks- port, and Bangor sheets, U.S.G.S. Mud Pond, Hancock County, Dedham Township; outlet, to Second Pond (outlet to Phillips Lake, whose north outlet passes to Long Pond, which has outlet through Moosehorn Creek to Dead River, a tributary of Orland River, which flows into Pe- nobscot River); elevation, 420 feet; between its outlet and the point where it enters 256 WATEK KESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Second Pond, a distance of approximately one-fourth mile, there is a fall of 45 feet; length (approximate), one-fourth mile; width, about one-sixteenth mile; area of water surface, 0.02 square mile; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Mud Pond, Penobscot County, T. 7, R. 8; outlet, through Second Lake to East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.06 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Mud Pond, Penobscot County, T. 6, R. 8; inlets, three small unnamed streams from the west; outlet, through Sawtelle Brook to Seboeis River (tributary to East Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 2 miles; maximum width, about three-fourths mile; area af water surface, 0.58 square mile; drainage area not meas- ured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Mud Pond, Penobscot County, west-central Oldtown Township; elevation, 117 feet; outlet, a short unnamed stream to Pushaw Stream (tributary to Stillwater River, the west channel of Penobscot River); length (approximate), IJ miles; maximum width, three-fourths mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.54 square mile; drain- age area not measured. Bangor and Orono sheets, U.S.G.S. Mud Pond, Piscataquis County, Ts. 1 and 2, R. 13; inlet, a small unnamed stream from the south about one-half mile long; outlet, an unnamed stream about 1^ miles long from the north, flowing into Black Stream (tributary through Ragged Stream to Caribou Lake, which discharges to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; length (approximate), one-half mile; maximum width, about one- eighth mile; area of water surface, 0.08 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Mud Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 4, R. 12; inlets, three small unnamed streams from the north, southeast, and south; outlet, a small unnamed stream about 2 miles long, flowing into Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), IJ miles; maximum width, about 1 mile; area of water surface, 0,90 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Mud Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 12; inlets, two short unnamed streams; outlet, to Chamberlain Lake (outlet through Round Pond and Telos Lake to Webster Brook, which flows through Grand Lakes to East Branch of Penobscot River) ; approxi- mate length, 1 mile; maximum width, three-fourths mile; area of water surface, 0.97 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Mud Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 8 N. W. P.; outlet, by short stream into Long Pond through Sebec Lake into Sebec River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.10 square mile; drainage area not measured. Mud Pond, Piscataquis County, Ts. A and 1, R. 10 W. E. L. S.; inlets, short stream from north, short stream from west, and Pratt Brook from west; outlet, by short stream into Cooper Brook through Middle Joe Mary Lake, Lower Joe Mary Lake, Pemadumcook Lake, into West Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.46 square mile; drainage area not measured. Mud Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 9, R. 15; inlet, the overflow of Crescent Pond; outlet, a short unnamed stream emptying into Allagash Stream (tributary through AUagash Lake to Chamberlain Lake, which has outlet through Round Pond and Teloa Lake to Webster Brook, which flows through Grand Lakes to East Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, three-fourths mile; approxi- mate area of water surface, 0.26 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Muskrat Ponds, Piscataquis County, T. 1, R. 11 W. E. L. S.; inlets, short stream from west and outlet stream of Penobscot Pond from south; outlet, through Wadleigh Pond, PoUywog Pond. Nahmakanta Stream into Pemadumcook Lake and West I KES, AND PONDS. 257 Branch Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.14 square mile; drainage area not measured. Nahmakanta Lake, Piscataquis County, Tps. 1 and 2, R. 11; inlets, Bean Brook and overflow from Rainbow Lake, besides the flow of several small unnamed streams; outlet, Nahmakanta Stream to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 3^ miles; maximum width, about seven-eighths mile; approximate area of water surface, 2.32 square miles; present storage, 8 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Nahmakanta Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in Nahmakanta Lake, in T. 1, R, 11; flows westward to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch Penobscot River; receives the flow of Tumble Down Dick Stream from the south; length (approximate), 3i miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Narrow Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 8, R. 14; outlet to Allagash Stream (tribu- tary through Allagash Lake to Chamberlain Lake, which has outlet through Round Pond and Telos Lake to Webster Brook, and thence through Grand Lake to East Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), IJ miles; maximum width, one- third mile; area of water surface, 0.32 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State naap. Nicatous Lake, Penobscot County, Tps. 3 N. D., 40 M. D., and 41 M. D.; inlets. Duck Stream and streams from West and Gassabias lakes and Porter Pond; outlet, through Nicatous Stream to Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 7^ miles; approximate area of water surface, 8.82 square miles; present storage, 10 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Nicatous Stream, Penobscot County; rises in Nicatous Lake in T. 3 N. D.; flows northwestward to Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); no tributa- ries; length (approximate), 4^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Niger Stream, Somerset County; rises in T. 4, R. 16; flows southeastward to Seboo- mook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; no tributaries; length, about 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. No. 3 Pond, Penobscot County, T. 3, R. 1; outlet, through Passadumkeag River to Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1^ miles; maximum width, three-fourths mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.76 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. No. 4 Pond, Piscataquis County, Willimantic; outlet, by short stream through Davis Pond and Wilson Stream to Sebec Lake and Sebec River (tributary to Pis- cataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. NoUesemic Lake, Penobscot County, Hopkins Academy and Long A towns; outlet, an unnamed stream about 3 miles long flowing to Shad Pond on West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 2^ miles; maximum width, one-half mile at its northern end; approximate area of water surface, 1.10 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. North Branch of Marsh Stream, Waldo County; rises in southern Knox Town- ship; flows northwest through Knox, Brooks, Monroe, and Frankfort Townships to its junction with Marsh Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); in addition to the flow of perhaps six small unnamed streams, it receives the^ overflow from Round, Thistle, and Toddy (Swansville Township) ponds; length, about 15 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. North Branch of Penobscot River, Somerset County; rises in T. 6, R. 19; flows southeastward to its junction with South Branch of Penobscot River to form the West Branch of Penobscot River; principal tributaries. Northeast Branch of Penobscot River, Norris Brook, Truesdale Pond, Dole Brook, and Lane Brook; length, about 26 15042°— wsp 279—12 17 258 WATEK EESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. miles; drainage area above junction with South Branch, 272 square miles. Sheet 2, Maine State map. North Branch of Sunkhaze Stream, Hancock County; rises near boundary between Amherst and 32 MD. townships; flows northwestward to Sunkhaze Stream (tributary to Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of a short unnamed stream about 1 mile from its source; length (approximate), 12 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Northeast Branch of Penobscot River, Somerset County; rises in T. 6, R. 18; for the first 6 miles of its course flows in an easterly direction, and after passing through Abaconetie Bog flows in a general southwesterly direction to its junction with North Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of the Penobscot) in T. 5, R. 18; it receives the flow of about 12 unnamed streams ranging in length from 1 mile to 4 miles; length, about 15 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Northwest Pond, Piscataquis County, on boundary between Parkman and Sangerville townships; inlet. Mill Stream, which flows through the pond to Pisca- taquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), If miles; maxi- mum width, li miles; area of water surface, 0.67 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Northwest Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 4, R. 9; connected by a "thoroughfare" with Seboeis Lake (outlet through Seboeis Stream and Endless Lake to Piscataquis River, which flows into the Penobscot); area of water surface included in Seboeis Lake. See page 183 of this report. Nulhedus Brook, Somerset County; rises in Nulhedus Pond, in T. 4, R. 16; flows southward into Seboomook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of an unnamed stream about 5 miles long from the west; length, about 4| miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Nulhedus Pond, Somerset County, T. 4, R. 16; inlets, two small unnamed streams from the west; outlet, Nulhedus Brook to Seboomook Lake on West Branch of Penob- scot River; length (approximate), 1 J miles; maximum width, one-half mile; approxi- mate area of water surface, 0.72 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Nutupsemic Brook, Penobscot County; rises in T. 7, R. 6; flows southwesterly to the outlet of Hot Pond, entering Seboeis River (tributary to East Branch of Penob- scot River); receives the flow of one unnamed stream about 5 miles long from the east; length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Oakes Bog, Piscataquis County, Shirley; outlet, by short stream into Bog Stream, Bald" Mountain Stream, North Branch of Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.08 square mile; drainage area not measured. Olamon Stream, Penobscot County; rises in southern Greenfield Township; flows northwestward to Penobscot River in northern Greenwich Township; receives the flow of Mortson Brook about 1^ miles from its source, besides that of several short unnamed streams; length, about 15 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Onawa Lake, Piscataquis County, southeastern EUiottsville Township; inlets, Long Pond Stream and overflow from Greenwood Pond, besides a short unnamed stream from the north; outlet,* Long Pond Stream to Sebec Lake (outlet to Sebec River, which is tributary to the Piscataquis, a branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 3| miles; maximum width, 11 miles; approximate area of water sur- face, 2.22 square miles; controlled by a dam; additional storage available, 10 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, and 7, Maine State map. Orland River, Hancock County; rises in Toddy Pond, Orland Township, at an elevation of 158 feet; flows northwestward about 3 miles, passing through Alamoo- eook Lake, and 1 mile below turns abruptly and flows southward to Penobscot River; GAZETTEER OF RIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 259 principal tributaries, Meadow Brook and Dead River, both of which enter Alamoo- eook Lake, and Phillips Lake outlet (northern); length, about 8 miles; total fall, about 108 feet; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Otter Chain Ponds, Penobscot County, southwestern Milford Township; eleva- tion, 100 feet; inlet, a short unnamed stream from the east; outlet, through a short unnamed stream to Penobscot River in northwestern Bradley Township; largest pond is a little less than 1 mile long and less than one-sixteenth mile wide; drainage area not measured. Orono sheet, U.S.G.S. Otter Pond, Aroostook County, T. 3, R. 4; inlet, a small unnamed stream on the south; outlet, through Caribou Lake and Sly Brook to West Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into the Penobscot); length (approximate), two-thirds mile; area of water surface, 0.16 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Otter Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 8, R. 14 W. E. L. S.; outlet, by short stream into Allagash Stream, thence through Allagash Lake into Chesuncook Lake (tribu- tary to East Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.02 square mile; drainage area not measured. Parks Pond, Penobscot County, central Clifton Township; elevation, 255 feet; has two outlets, the northern passing through Great Works Stream to Penobscot River and the western through Chemo Pond to Blackman Stream, and thence to Penobscot River; length (approximate), one-half mile; maximum width, one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.10 square mile; drainage area not measured. Oronos heet, U.S.G.S., and sheet 7, Maine State map. Passadumkeag River, Penobscot County; rises in southeastern Lee Township; flows in an extremely circuitous course, generally southward, and thence westward to join the Penobscot in Passadumkeag Township; receives the waters of No. 3 Pond, Brown Brook, Taylor Brook, Spring Pond, and Hot Pistol Pond, Nicatous Stream, Trout Brook, Lord Brook, Madagascal Stream, of Eskatassis Ponds, Lords Brook, and Cold Stream; length (approximate), 38 miles; drainage area, 383 square miles. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Passamagormuc Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 1, Rs. 9 and 10 W. E. L. S.; inlets, four short streams from west; outlet, by short stream into West Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.44 square mile; drainage area not measured. Patten Pond, Penobscot County, Newburg and Hampden townships; inlet, a small unnamed stream from the south; outlet, an unnamed stream about 1| miles long, flowing to Ben Annis Pond (outlet to Hermon Pond and Souadabscook River, which flows into Penobscot River); elevation, 130 feet above sea level; between point of outlet and Ben Annis Pond, a distance of about 1^ miles through a bog, there is about 8 feet fall; maximum width, about one-third mile; length (approximate), one-third mile; area of water surface^ 0.06 square mile; drainage area not measured. Bucksport and Bangor sheets, U.S.G.S. Peaked Mountain Pond, Penobscot County, T. 4, R. 7 W. E. L. S.; outlet, by short stream into Seboeis River (tributary East Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.05 square mile; drainage area not measured. Pemadumcook Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 1, Rs. 9 and 10, and Penobscot County, Indian 3 Township; inlets, Nahmakanta Stream, Joe Mary Lake outlet, and West Branch of the Penobscot, through Ambejejus Lake; outlet, West Branch of Penobscot River, through North and South Twin lakes; length (approximate), about 4 miles; maximum width, about 1| miles; approximate area of water surface, including North and South Twin and Ambejejus lakes, 24.9 square miles; present storage, 25 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Penobscot Lake, Somerset County, Hammond, Prentiss, and Dole townships and T. 4, R. 5; inlet, a small stream about two-thirds mile long from an unnamed pond in 260 WATEK EESOUKCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. T. 4, R. 5; outlet, to South Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); maximum width, about 1 mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.96 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Penobscot Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 1, R. 11, and T. 1, R. 12; inlets, two small unnamed streams from the northwest and southwest; outlet, through Wadleigh and Rainbow ponds to Nahmakanta Lake (outlet to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), IJ miles; maximum width, about one-half mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.62 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Penobscot River, formed at Medway, Penobscot County, by union of East and West Branches; the West Branch, which may be considered the continuation of the main stream, is formed by the union of the North and South Branches in T. 2, R. 4, Somerset county, flows in a general northeasterly direction to the head of Chesuncook Lake, then takes a general southeasterly course to its junction with the East Branch; the length of the West Branch above the junction is about 100 miles, and in this dis- tance it traverses Seeboomook, Chesuncook, and Pemadumcook lakes and receives the waters of numerous smaller lakes and streams; below Medway the course of the river is southward to Penobscot Bay; principal tributaries, Kenduskeag, Pushaw, Piscataquis, Passadumkeag, and East Branch of Penobscot River, besides the over- flow of almost 500 lakes, most of which are small; length (approximate), about 200 miles; total fall, from source to mouth, about 2,000 feet; drainage area, above its mouth to Sandy Point, about 8,785 square miles. . Gaging stations at Millinocket, West Enfield, and Sunkhaze Rip. Orland, Orono, Bucksport, Bangor, and Penob- scot Bay sheets, U.S.G.S., and Maine State map (sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7). Penobscot River, East Branch; see East Branch of Penobscot River. Penobscot River, North Branch; see North Branch of Penobscot River. Penobscot River, South Branch; see South Branch of Penobscot River. Perry Pond, Penobscot County, T. 5, R. 7 W, E. L. S.; inlets, two short streams from west, one from north; outlet, by short stream into Seboeis River (tributary East Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.59 square mile; drainage area not measured. Phillips Lake, Hancock County, west-central Dedham Township; inlets, overflow from Mitchell, Moulton, Hurd, Mud, and Second ponds, and several small unnamed streams; two outlets; the greater part of the water flows from the north end of the lake northward as far as East Holden, thence southward through Long Pond, which has outlet through Moosehorn Creek to Dead River, which flows into Orland River, which is tributary to Penobscot River; the length of this outlet is 18 miles; the outlet at the southeast end of the lake carries water during medium and high stages into Green Lake, which discharges thence into Union River; elevation, 223 feet; dimen- sions of lake, about 1 mile wide by 1^ miles long; area of water surface of lake, 1.41 square miles; drainage area, 11.5 square miles. Gaging stations in Holden and Ded- ham. See pages 99 and 145 of this report. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Phillips Lake outlet (northern), Hancock County, in northwestern Dedham Town- ship; rises in Phillips Lake, at an elevation of 223 feet; flows from a point about 1 mile south of East Holden northwestward through Dedham Township, along the county line between Hancock and Penobscot counties, crossing into Holden Township, then makes a very abrupt bend and flows southwesterly nearly parallel to the Penobscot- Hancock County line, recrossing it and passing through the extreme western portion of Dedham Township into Bucksport Township, and entering Long Pond (outlet through Moosehorn Creek to Dead River, which is tributary to Orland River, which flows into the Penobscot); from Phillips Lake to the point where it enters Long Pond, the stream measures about 6 miles, and along this distance receives the flow of George, Hanson, and Saulter Ponds and several unnamed streams: total fall between the GAZETTEEK OF KIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 261 points above mentioned, about 157 feet; for drainage area, see Phillips Lake, pages 99 and 145 of this report. Gaging station at Dedham. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Picked Mountain Pond, on the Penobscot-Aroostook County line between T. 6, R. 6, and Moro Township; inlet, a small unnamed stream; outlet, through Rockabema Lake to West Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.21 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Pickerel Lake, Penobscot County, Lowell; outlet, by Eskatassis Stream into Passa- dumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. . Pickerel Lake, Washington County, northern Topsfield Township; outlet to Bas- kahegan Lake (outlet through Baskahegan Stream to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), one-half mile; maximum width, one-half mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Pickerel Pond, Penobscot County, Alton; inlet, short stream from south; outlet, by Ten Mile Brook to Birch Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water .surface, 0.10 square mile; drainage area not measured. Pine Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 13; inlet, a small unnamed stream from the west; outlet, Pine Stream to West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approxi- mate), less than 1 mile; maximum width, about two-thirds mile; area of water surface, 0,22 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Pine Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in Pine Pond in T. 3, R. 13; flows north- ward to its junction with West Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of Round and Little Pine ponds, besides that of perhaps nine other small unnamed streams; length (approximate), 12 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Piper Pond, Piscataquis County, western Abbot Township; inlet, a short stream from the north; outlet, through Thorn Brook to South Branch of Piscataquis River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approxi- mate), 2| miles; maximum width, IJ miles; approximate area of water surface, 0.79 square miles; dam feasible; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Piscataquis River, Piscataquis County; rises in Little Squaw Township; flows southeastward for about 25 miles, then turns and flows somewhat east of north to its junction with Penobscot River in Howland Township, Penobscot County; tributaries, Marble Brook, South Branch of the Piscataquis, Mill Stream, Black Stream, Alder Brook, Alder Stream, Sebec River, Pleasant River, Schoodic Stream, and Seboeis Stream, and the overflow of Greenleaf, Garland, Dow, and Adams Farm ponds; length (approximate), 65 miles; drainage area, at mouth, 1,500 square miles. Gaging station near Foxcroft." See pages 80, 143, 161, and 181 of this report. Sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7, Maine State map. Pistol Ponds; see Hot Pistol Pond, Side Pistol Pond, Second Pistol Pond, and Third Pistol Pond. Pleasant Lake, Aroostook County, Island Falls Township and T. 4, R. 3; outlet to East Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), 4 miles; maximum width, about 1 mile; approximate area of water surface, 2.20 square miles; present storage, 4 feet; additional available storage, 8| feet; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Pleasant Pond, Penobscot County, T. 6, R. 6; outlet, through Rockabema Lake to West Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), 2 miles; maximum width, one-half 262 WATEK RESOURCES OE PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. mile; area of water surface, 0.28 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Pleasant Pond, Penobscot County, southwestern Garland Township; inlets, a short unnamed stream from the north and Kenduskeag River, which flows through the pond to Penobscot River in Bangor Township; length (approximate), one-fourth mile; maximum width, one-eighth mile; area of water surface, 0.11 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Pleasant Pond, Piscataquis County, Orneville; inlet, short stream from north; outlet, by Dead Stream into Pushaw Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.14 square mile; drainage area not measured. Pleasant River, Piscataquis County; formed by the junction of its East and West branches in T. 5, R. 8; flows generally southeastward to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River) in Milo Township; no tributaries below junction of East and West branches; length (approximate), 11 miles; drainage area, at mouth, 263 square miles. Sheets 2, 3, and 7, Maine State map. Pliinket Pond, Aroostook County, on boundary between Silver Ridge and Benedicta townships; inlet, a short stream from the northwest; outlet, through Molunkus Stream to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1^ miles; maximum width, one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.62 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Poland Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 14; inlets, from an unnamed pond on the north and an unnamed stream from the west; outlet, an unnamed stream about 2 miles long on the south to Round Pond (outlet by way of Caucomgomuc Lake to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1| miles; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.46 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Pollard Brook, Penobscot County; rises in extreme northeastern Lagrange Town- ship; flows southeastward to Penobscot River; receives the flow of a short unnamed stream from the northeast; length (approximate), 9 miles; drainage area not meas- ured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Polljrwog Pond, Piscataquis County, Ts. 1 and 2, R. 11 and T. 1, R. 12 inlets, Pollywog Stream, Farrar Brook, and overflow of Wadleigh Pond; outlet, through Nahmakanta Stream to Nahmakanta Lake (outlet to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), IJ miles; maximum width, about one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.70 square mile; drainage area not measm-ed. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Porter Pond, Penobscot County, T. 3 ND.; outlet, through Nicatous Lake to Nicatous Stream (tributary to Passadumkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, one-eighth mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.15 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Poverty Pond, Piscataquis County, southwestern Willimantic Township; outlet to Davis Stream (tributary to Wilson Stream, which flows through Sebec Lake to Sebec Stream, which joins the Piscataquis, a tributary of the Penobscot); length (approximate), one-third mile; maximum width, about one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.05 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Pratt Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in Henderson Pond in T. 1, R. 11; flows westward through an unnamed pond in T. 1, R. 10, to Middle Joe Mary Lake (outlet through Lower Joe Mary Lake to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); receives the flow of Cooper Brook from the southwest; length (approximate), 7 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Pudding Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 8 N. W. P.; outlet, by short stream into Bear Brook, thence to Sebec Lake and Sebec River (tributary to Piscataquis GAZETTEER OF RIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 263 River, which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.05 square mile; drainage area not measured. Pug Pond, Penobscot County, Alton; outlet, by Pug Brook into Pushaw Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.10 square mile; drainage area not measured. Pushaw Lake, Penobscot County, Hudson, Glenburn, Oldtown, and Orono town- ships; elevation, 117 feet; inlets, three short unnamed streams from the west and Pushaw Stream from the north, which flows through the pond to Stillwater River, the west channel of the Penobscot near Oldtown; length (approximate), 8 miles; maximum width, 2^ miles; approximate area of water surface, 7.25 square miles; available storage, 3 to 5 feet; drainage area at outlet of lake, 125 square miles. See also Little Pushaw Pond. Bangor and Orono sheets, U.S.G.S., and sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Pushaw Stream, Penobscot County; rises in northern Charleston Township; flows southeastward through Little Pushaw and Pushaw ponds to Stillwater River, the west channel of Penobscot River at Marsh Island; receives the flow of Mohawk Brook and Dead Stream, besides the overflow of Little Pushaw, Pushaw, and Mud ponds; length (approximate), 24 miles; drainage area at mouth, 263 square miles. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Quaker Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 4, R. 13; flows southeastward to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of two small unnamed streams from the southwest; length (approximate), 3 J miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Quakish Lake, Penobscot County, central Purchase 4 Township; inlet, overflow from Elbow Lake; outlet, through Shad Pond to West Branch of Penobscot River (to Penobscot River) ; a canal constructed about 1909 leads most of the flow to Millinocket Stream, and thence to Shad Pond; when this canal is in operation the natural outlet of Quakish Lake is almost dry; length (approximate), about 2 miles; maximum width, less than 1 mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.70 square miles; drainage area, including all of West Branch down to dam at outlet of Quakish Lake, 1,880 square miles. Sheet 6, Maine State map. E-agged Lake, Piscataquis County, Tps. 2 and 3, R. 13; inlet, a short stream less than one-half mile long from the north; outlet, Ragged Stream to Caribou Lake (outlet to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 4^ miles; maximum width, IJ miles; approximate area of water sur- face, 3.24 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Ragged Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in Ragged Lake (see above); flows westward and northward to Caribou Lake (outlet to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; principal tributaries, Ragged Stream, Bear Brook, and overflow from Blackberry Pond; length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Ragmuff Stream., Piscataquis County; rises in T. 4, R. 15; flows westward to its junction with West Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of two unnamed streams from the north, about 2^ and 3 miles long, respectively; length (approximate), 5 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Rainbow Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 11; inlets, four small unnamed streams; outlet, an unnamed stream about 4 miles long entering Nahmakanta Lake (outlet to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch of Penobspot River) ; length (approxi- mate), a little more than 3 miles; maximum width, about three-fourths mile; approxi- mate area of water surface, 2.30 square miles; present storage, 4 to 6 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Rainbow Stream, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 12; flows southeastward to Rainbow Pond (outlet to Nahmakanta Lake, which has outlet to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); receives the flow of one small tributary from the north- 264 WATEB EESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. west; length, about 4 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Rat Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 9; outlet Grant Brook to Millinocket Lake (outlet to Shad Pond on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; length (approximate), one- half mile; maximum width, about one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.09 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Red Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 5, R. 12; flows southwestward to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of perhaps four unnamed streams; length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Reeds Brook, Penobscot County; rises in southwestern Hampden Township, at an elevation of 200 feet; flows northwestward and westward into Penobscot River; receives the flow of two small unnamed streams; length (approximate), 2| miles; total fall, 180 feet; drainage area not measured. Bucksport sheet, U.S.G.S. Ripogenus Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 3, Rs. 11 and 12; inlets, Ripogenus Stream and overflow from Frost Pond and West Branch of Penobscot River, length (approximate), about 2^ miles; maximum width, one-half mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.27 square miles; present storage, 10 feet; additional available storage, 40 feet; drainage area, including outlet, 1,410 square miles. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Ripogenus Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in Harrington Lake in T. 4, R. 11; flows southwestward and then southeastward to Ripogenus Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of a number of unnamed streams from the west; length (approximate), about 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. River Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 9; inlet, from Compass and Katahdin ponds; outlet, to West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), one-third mile; maximum width, about one-fifth mile; area of water surface, 0.22 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Roaring Brook Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 9 N. W. P.; outlet, by Roaring Brook into Pleasant River and Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.19 square mile; drainage area not measured. Roberts Brook, Somerset County; rises in a small pond in T. 5, R. 20; flows southeastward to Dole Pond (outlet to North Branch of Penobscot River, which flows into West Branch of Penobscot River); length, about 4 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map, Roberts Pond, Somerset County, T, 5, R. 20 W. E. L. S.; inlet, short stream from north; outlet, by Roberts Brook to Dole Brook into North Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.07 square mile; drainage area not measured. Rocky Pond, Piscataquis County, just south of boundary between T. 3, R. 11, and T. 2, R. 11; inlet, a short unnamed stream from the west; outlet, an unnamed stream about 2^ miles long flowing to West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), one-half mile; maximum width, less than one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.10 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Rockabema Lake, Aroostook County, Moro Township; inlets, overflow of Pleasant and Picked Mountain ponds from the west; outlet, to West Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into the Penobscot); length (approximate), 1^ miles; maximum width, about five-eighths mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.64 square mile; present storage, 5 feet; several feet additional storage available; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Rocky Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 10 W. E. L. S.; outlet, by short brook into Sourdnahunk Stream (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0,03 square mile; drainage area not measured. GAZETTEEE OF KIVEBS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 265 E-ocky Pond, Piscataquis County, T. A, R. 11; inlets, two short unnamed streams from the north; outlet, to Crawford Pond (outlet to Cooper and Pratt brooks, which flow through Middle and Lower Joe Mary lakes to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; length (approximate), seven-eighths mile; maximum width, about one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.28 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map, E.OSS Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 15; outlet, a short stream about three- fourths mile long flowing from the southeast into Caucomgomuc Lake (outlet to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; length (approximate), IJ miles; maximum width, about one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.52 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Round Pond, Piscataquis County, on boundary between T. 3, R. 13, and T. 3, R. 14; outlet, a small stream about one-half mile long flowing into West Branch of Pen- obscot River; length (approximate), one-half mile; maximum width, about one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.18 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Round Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 11; inlets, from Chamberlain Lake and one short unnamed stream from the west; outlet, to Telos Lake (outlet to Webster Brook, which flows through Grand Lakes to East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, 1 mile; approximate area of water surface, including Telos Lake, 3.85 square miles; present storage, 10 feet; additional storage available, 15 to 20 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. • Round Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 14; inlets, overflow from Poland and Daggett ponds; outlet, Ciss Stream to Caucomgomuc I^ake (outlet to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, about three-fourths mile; area of water surface, 0.71 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Round Pond, Waldo County, southwestern Monroe Township; outlet, into North Branch of Marsh River (tributary to Marsh River, which flows to Penobscot River); length (approximate), one-fourth mile; maximum width, about one-fourth mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets Nos. 3 and 7, Maine State map. Rum Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 8, R. 10; inlet, a short unnamed stream from the north; outlet to Wilson Pond (outlet, Wilson Stream to Sebec Lake and Sebec River, which flows into Piscataquis River, a branch of the Penobscot) ; length (approx- imate), li miles; maximum width, 1 mile; area of water surface, 0.20 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, and 7, Maine State map. Russell Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in southern part of T. 5, R. 15; flows southeastward to Russell Pond (outlet to West Branch of Penobscot River) ; one tribu- tary — an unnamed stream about 1 mile long from the west in the extreme upper part of its course; length, about 4^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Russell Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 4, R. 15; inlets, Russell Brook from the north, an unnamed stream about 4| miles long from the east, and Russell Stream from the west, which flows through the pond to West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 2 miles; maximum width, a little less than 1 mile; area of water sur- face, 0.89 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Russell Pond, Somerset County, T. 5, R. 16; inlets, two small unnamed streams from the north and northeast; outlet, Russell Stream, from its southern end to West Branch of Penobscot River (to Penobscot River); length (approximate), about 1 mile; maximum width, about one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.26 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Russell Stream, Somerset County; rises in Russell Pond in west-central T. 5, R. 16; flows southeastward through Russell Pond in T. 4, R. 15, Piscataquis County, and 266 WATER EESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE thence southward to West Branch Penobscot River; receives the flow of four unnamed streams from the east, ranging from 2 to 6 miles in length, and one small unnamed stream from the west about 1 mile below Russell Pond (T. 5, R. 16); length, about 18 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Salmon Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in an unnamed pond in central Guil- ford Township; flows almost directly south through a small unnamed pond to Pisca- taquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of a small unnamed stream from the west; length (approximate), 4 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Salmon Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in an unnamed pond in Barnard Town- ship; flows southward to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); no trib- utaries; length (approximate), 2| miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Salmon Stream, Penobscot County; rises in Salmon Stream Ponds in T. 1, R. 6; fl.ows southward to Penobscot River; receives the overflow of Davidson and Burnt ponds, besides that of many small unnamed streams; length (approximate), 11 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Salmon Stream Pond, Piscataquis County, Guilford; outlet, by Salmon Stream into Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.18 square mile; drainage area not measured. Salmon Stream Ponds (3 connected), Penobscot County, T. 1, R. 6; inlets, a number of small unnamed streams; outlet, through Salmon Stream to Penobscot River; length (approximate) of largest pond, 2 miles; maximum width, two-thirds mile; approximate area of water surface, upper pond, 0.12 square mile; middle pond, 0.86 square mile; lower pond, 0.17 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Sam Ayers Stream, Penobscot County; rises in T. 2, R. 9; flows southward and southwestward to Mattamiscontis Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of about four short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 12 miles; drain- age area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Sandy Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 4, R. 11; flows southwestward and southward to Harrington Lake (outlet to Ripogenus Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); receives the flow of two unnamed streams from the east; length (approxi- mate), 3^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Sandy Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 3, R. 9; flows southeastward to Millinocket Lake (outlet to Shad Pond on West Branch of Penobscot River); receives the flow of Togue Stream and an unnamed stream about 4| miles long from the west; length (approximate), 9^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Saponic Pond, Penobscot County, Burlington Township and T. 2, N. D.; inlet, from a small unnamed pond to the south and Passadumkeag River, which flows through the pond to Penobscot River; length (approximate), IJ miles; maximum width. If miles; approximate area of water surface, 1.05 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Saulter Pond, Hancock County, near the western boundary line of Dedham Town- ship; outlet, to Hanson Pond (outlet through Phillips Lake outlet (northern) to Long Pond, which has outlet through Moosehorn Creek to Dead River, a tributary of Orland River, which flows into Penobscot River); elevation, 253 feet; between point of out- let and entrance to Hanson Pond, a distance of about three-eighths mile, there is a fall of approximately 13 feet; length, about three-eighths mile; width (approximate), one-eighth mile; area of water surface, 0.02 square mile; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Sawtelle Brook, Penobscot County; rises in T. 7, R. 8; flows southeastward into Seboeis River (tributary to East Branch of Penobscot River); receives the overflow of r GAZETTEER OF RIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 267 Scraggley, Mud, and Hay ponds and Hay Lake, besides a number of small unnamed streams from the east; length (approximate), 12 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Schoodic Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 4, R. 8, and Medford Townships; outlet, through Schoodic Stream to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River) ; length (approximate), 8^ miles; maximum width, 2f miles; approximate area of water sur- face, 10.92 square miles; present storage, 4 feet; additional available storage, 3 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Schoodic Stream, Penobscot County; rises in T. 1, R. 7; flows slightly southeast- ward, joining an unnamed stream, the outlet of Jerry Pond, which flows into West Branch of Penobscot River through the pond (about 1^ miles in extent) formed by the dam about 1^ miles below the outlet of Shad Pond; receives the flow of one small unnamed stream from the northeast; length (approximate), 4| miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Schoodic Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in Schoodic Lake in southern Med- ford Township; flows southeastward to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of two short unnamed streams from the northeast; length (approximate), 3^ miles; drainage area at mouth, 58 square miles. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Scott Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 5, R. 15; flows northward to its junc- tion with Loon Stream (tributary to Caucomgomuc Lake, which has outlet to Chesun- cook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); in the upper part of its course it receives the flow of two unnamed streams from the east and west, respectively; length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Scraggly Lake, Penobscot County, T. 7, R. 8; outlet, through Sawtelle Brook to Seboeis River (tributary to East Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1^ miles; maximum width, three-fourths mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.96 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Scraggrook Brook, Aroostook County; rises in southern Amity Township; flows southward, then northwestward to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of a number of short unnamed streams; length (approxi- mate), 9 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Sebec Lake, Piscataquis County, Willimantic, Bowerbank, Foxcroft, and Sebec townships; inlets, Wilson and Long Pond streams, besides about four short unnamed streams ranging in length from 2^ to 8 miles; outlet, Sebec River to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 11 miles; maximum width, 3 miles; approximate area of water surface, 10.93 square miles; present storage, 8 feet; additional available storage, 9 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, and 7. Maine State map. Sebec River, Piscataquis County; rises in Sebec Lake; flows eastward and south- eastward to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of Salmon Brook, besides that of two unnamed streams from the north, each about 6 miles long; length (approximate), 10 miles; drainage area at mouth, 393 square miles. Sheets 2, 3, and 7, Maine State map. Seboeis Lake, Penobscot County, T. 8, R. 7; inlets, Wadleigh and Boody brooks and overflow of Jones Pond, besides the flow of several unnamed streams; outlet, through the Grand Lakes and Seboeis River to East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, 1| miles; approximate area of water surface, 2.30 square miles; present storage, 5 to 6 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Seboeis Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 4, Rs. 8 and 9; inlets, the overflow of Tutie Pond, besides that of two short unnamed streams from the north; outlet, Seboeis Stream and Endless Lake to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 6 miles; maximum width, 1^ miles; approximate area of water 268 WATER RESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE surface, 6.40 square miles; present storage, 8 feet; additional available storage, 5 feet; drainage area at outlet, 49 square miles. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Seboeis River, Penobscot County; rises in Seboeis Lake in T. 8, R. 7; flows south- ward to its junction with East Branch of Penobscot River; principal tributaries, Saw- telle and Nutupsemic brooks and overflow of Grand Lakes and Shin ponds; length (approximate), 28 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Seboeis Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in Seboeis Lake, T. 4, Rs. 8 and 9; flows southeastward through Endless Lake into Piscataquis River (tributary to Pen- obscot River); tributaries. East Branch of Seboeis Stream and about four short un- named streams; length (approximate), 18 miles; drainage area at mouth, 150 square miles. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Seboomook Lake, Somerset County, Plymouth and Seboomook Townships; inlets, Logan Brook, Nulhedus Brook, Niger Stream, Elm Stream, and West Branch of Penob- scot River, which flows through it; length (approximate), 7 miles; maximum width, 1^ miles; area of water surface, 8.52 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Second Grand Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 9; inlets, Bailey, Webster, Boody, and Hay brooks and the overflow from Third, Frost, and Mud ponds, besides several small unnamed streams; outlet, through Grand Lake to East Branch of Penob- scot River; length (approximate), 4 miles; maximum width, about 1^ miles; approxi- mate area of water surface, including Grand Lake, 6.63 square miles; present storage, 14 feet; additional available storage, 10 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Second Houston Ponds, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 9 N. W. P.; inlets, short stream from west and one from north; outlet, by short stream into Big Houston Pond, thence through Houston Stream and Pleasant River to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.28 square mile; drainage area not measured. Second Pistol Pond, Penobscot County, on boundary between Tps. 3 N. D. and 4 N. D.; inlets, from Third Pistol and Side Pistol ponds; outlet, through Hot Pistol Pond to Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.42 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Second Pond, Hancock County, Dedham Township; inlet, from Mud Pond; out- let, to Phillips Lake (outlet to Long Pond, which has outlet through Moosehorn Creek to Dead River, a tributary of Orland River, which flows into Penobscot River); ele- vation, 375 feet; between the point of outlet of Second Pond and where it enters Phillips Lake, a distance of about 1 mile, there is a fall of approximately 152 feet; length, about one-half mile; maximum width, less than one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.08 square mile; drainage area not measured. Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Second Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 14; inlet, Ellis Stream, which flows through First and Second ponds to Chamberlain Lake (outlet through Round Pond and Telos Lake to Webster Brook, which flows through Grand Lake to East Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, one- half mile; area of water surface, 0,32 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Sedgeunkedunk Stream, Penobscot County; rises in Fields Pond in eastern Orrington Township, at an elevation of 105 feet; flows northwestward, then south- westward, then again slightly northwestward to its junction with Penobscot River; tributaries, two short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 5 miles; total fall, 100 feet; drainage area not measured. Bangor, Bucksport, and Orland sheets, U.S.G.S. Shad Pond, Penobscot County, Purchase 4 and T. A., R. 7, on West Branch Penob- scot; inlets, the natural outlet of Quakish Lake, Millinocket Stream, and overflow of Nollesemic Lake; outlet, West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), less GAZETTEER OF RIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 269 than 3 miles; maximum width, less than one-half mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.36 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Shallow Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 14; inlet, from Shirley Pond; outlet, to Daggett Pond (outlet to Caucogomuc Lake, which has outlet to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1^ miles; maximum width, two-thirds mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.72 square miles; present stor- age, 6 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Shin Ponds (three connected), Penobscot County, T. 6, R. 6, T. 5, R. 7, and Mount Chase; inlets, a number of small unnamed streams; outlet to Seboeis River (tributary to East Branch Penobscot River); length of largest pond (approximate). If miles; maximum width, 1 mile; area of water surface, 1.56 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Shirley Bog, Piscataquis County, Shirley; inlet, stream from the north; outlet, by Bog Stream into Bald Mountain Stream and North Branch Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 2 square miles; drainage area not measured. Shirley Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 14; outlet to Shallow Lake (outlet to Caucogomuc Lake, which has outlet to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, about one-half mile; approx- imate area of water surface, 0.52 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Side Pistol Pond, Penobscot County, on boundary between Tps. 3 and 4 N. D.; outlet, through Second Pistol Pond to Hot Pistol Pond (outlet to Passadumkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), five-eighths mile; maxi- mum width, one-half mile; area of water surface included in Second Pistol Pond; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Silver Lake, Hancock County, southern Bucksport Township; inlets, one small unnamed brook and Mill Stream, which flows through Silver Lake to Penobscot River; elevation, 114 feet; length, about three-fourths mile; maximum width, less than one- fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.08 square mile; drainage area not measured. Bucksport sheet, U.S.G.S. Silver Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 9; inlets. White Brook from the north and West Branch of Pleasant River, which flows through the pond to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), seven-eighths mile; maximum width, three-fourths mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.70 square mile; pres- ent storage, 6 feet; additional available storage, 8 feet; drainage area at outlet, 104 square miles. Sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7, Maine State map. Sink Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 11; outlet, to Third Lake, which has out- let to Grand Lakes on East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), two- thirds mile; maximum width, about one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.10 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Skiticook Lake, Aroostook County, on boundary between Oakfield Township and T. 4, R. 3; inlets, the overflow of Mud Pond and one short unnamed stream; outlet, to East Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1^ miles; maximum width, two-thirds mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.04 square miles; drainage area not meas- ured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Slaughter Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 11; outlet, an unnamed stream about 3 miles long to Sourdnahunk Stream (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), one-third mile; maximum width, about one-fourth mile; drain- age area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Sly Brook, Aroostook County; rises in Caribou Lake, in Island Falls Township; flows northwestward and northeastward to West Branch of Mattawamkeag (tributary to 270 Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); no tributaries; length, about 5 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Sly Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in a small unnamed pond in T. 7, R. 11; flows eastward to its entrance into Third Lake (outlet through Grand Lakes to East Branch of Penobscot River); length, about 2| miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Smith Brook, Aroostook County; rises in southern Glenwood Township; flows southeastward to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of two short unnamed streams; length, about 9 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Smith Brook, Penobscot County; rises in an unnamed pond in Purchase 4 Town; flows northeastward to its junction with Millinocket Stream (tributary to Shad Pond on West Branch of Penobscot River); receives the flow of an unnamed stream from the south; length (approximate), 3^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Smith Brook, Somerset County; rises in T. 5, R. 16; flows eastward and northward to its junction with Whitney Brook in T. 6, R. 15, Piscataquis County (tributary to Loon Lake, which has outlet by way of Caucomgomuc Lake to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; receives the two unnamed streams and the over- flow of a small pond from the west; length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Snake Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 11; outlet, through Third Lake to Grand Lakes on East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, less than one-half mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.38 square mile; present storage, 7 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Snowshoe Lake, Penobscot County, T. 7, R. 7; inlets, from Grand and Seboeis lakes; outlet, through Whitehouse Lake and Seboeis River to East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1^ miles; maximum width, 1 mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.1 square miles; present storage, 5 to 6 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Snowshoe Pond, Penobscot County, Clifton; outlet, by short stream into Chemo Lake, Chemo Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.01 square mile; drainage area not measured. Soldier Brook, Penobscot County; rises in T. 3, R. 8; flows southeastward through Burnt Land Pond to East Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of three small unnamed streams; length (approximate), 8 J miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Soper Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 5, R. 11; flows south westward and southward to its entrance into Harrington Lake (outlet to Ripogenus Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of 10 or 11 unnamed streams in approxi- mately 7 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Souadabscook Stream, Penobscot County; rises in Etna Pond in Stetson, Etna, and Carmel townships; flows slightly southeastward through Carmel, Hermon, and Hampden townships to its junction with Penobscot River; passes through Hermon and Hammond ponds; tributaries, Kingsley, West Branch of Souadabscook, Wheeler, and several unnamed streams and stream from George Pond; length, about 18 miles; drainage area at mouth, 203 square miles. See Kenduskeag Stream. Sheets Nos. 3 and 7, Maine State map. Soiirdnahunk Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 5, Rs. 10 and 11, and T. 4, R, 10; inlets, four small unnamed streams; outlet, Sourdnahunk Stream to West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 3 miles; maximum width, about three- fourths mile; approximate area of water surface, 3.84 square miles; available storage, 4 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. GAZETTEEB OF EIVEKS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 271 Soiirdnahunk Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in Sourdnahunk Lake in T. 4, R. 10; flows southeastward to its junction with West Branch of Penobscot River; re- ceives the flow of about nine unnamed streams and the overflow from Slaughter, Rocky, Kidney, and Pitch ponds from the west; length (approximate), 14 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. South Branch Lake, Penobscot County, on boundary between Tps. 2 and 3, R. 8; inlets, two short unnamed streams on the north; outlet, through Mattamiscontis Stream to Penobscot River; length (approximate), 3 miles; maximum width, about 1^ miles; area of water surface, 3.06 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. South Branch of Penobscot River, Somerset County ; rises in Penobscot Lake in T. 4, R. 5, Dole, Hammond, and Prentiss townships; flows eastward for about 10 miles to its junction with the North Branch, in Pittston Township, where it forms the West Branch of the Penobscot; principal tributaries. Bald, Alder, and Lane brooks; drainage area above junction with the North Branch, 186 square miles. Sheet 2, Maine State map. South Branch of Piscataquis River, Piscataquis County; rises in Kingsbury Pond, in southwestern Kingsbury Township; flows northeastward for about 9 miles, then turns and flows southeastward for 3 miles, then again northeastward to its junction with the Piscataquis River (tributary to the Penobscot); receives the flow of Thorn and Carle ton brooks and many short unnamed streams; length (approxi- mate), 15 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Spaulding Lake, Aroostook County, northern Oakfield Township; inlet, a small unnamed stream on the north; outlet, to East Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tribu- tary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River) ; length (approxi- mate), 1 mile; maximum width, one-third mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.24 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Spectacle Pond, Piscataquis County, southwestern Blanchard Township; outlet, through Thorn Brook to South Branch of Piscataquis River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, three-fourths mile; area of water surface, 0.22 square mile; drain- age area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Spectacle Pond, Piscataquis County, northwestern Monson Township; outlet, through Monson Pond to Davis Stream (tributary to Wilson Stream, which flows through Sebec Lake and Sebec River into the Piscataquis, which in turn flows into the Penobscot); length (approximate), 1^ miles; maximum width, a little less than one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.24 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Spencer Pond, Penobscot County, T. 3 N. D.; outlet, through Duck Stream to Nicatous Lake (outlet through Nicatous Stream to Passadumkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), one-half mile; maximum width, about one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.06 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Spencer Pond, Somerset County, T. 4, R. 18 W. E. L. S.; inlets, two short streams from north; outlet, by stream about 4 miles long into North Branch of Penob- scot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. Spring Pond, Penobscot County, T. 3 N. D. ; outlet, to Passadumkeag River (tribu- tary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, one-third mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.62 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Spruce Pond, Somerset County, T. 2, R. 4 N. B. K. P.; inlet, short stream from north; outlet, by short stream into South Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to 272 West Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.03 square mile; drainage area not measured. Stillwater River. At Orson and Marsh islands, Penobscot County, the Penobscot flows in two channels, the channel to the east retaining the name of Penobscot River, that to the west being called Stillwater River; in the upper part of its course it receives the flow of Pushaw Stream; length (approximate), 7 miles; the total fall in this distance is about 25 feet; drainage area not measured. Orono sheet, U.S.G.S, Sucker Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 9 N. W. P.; outlet, by Sucker Brook into Pleasant River and Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.16 square mile; drainage area not measiu*ed. Sunkhaze Stream, Penobscot County; rises on boundary between Greenbush and Milford townships; flows southwestward and then northwestward to its junction with Penobscot River, in Milford Township; tributaries, North and South branches and several unnamed streams from 4 to 6 miles long: length (approximate), 8 miles; drain- age area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Sweets Pond, Penobscot County, south-central Orrington Township; inlets, three email unnamed streams; outlet, by Mill Stream to Penobscot River; elevation, 188 feet; length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, less than one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.20 square mile; drainage area not measured. Bucksport sheet, U.S.G.S. Swift Brook, Penobscot County; rises in western Patten Township, flows south- ward to its junction with Mill Brook (tributary to East Branch of Penobscot River); tributaries, three small unnamed streams; length (approximate), 9 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map, Taylor Brook, Penobscot County; rises in southern Lakeville Township; flows slightly southwestward to Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of an unnamed stream from the north about 3 miles long; length (approximate), 3| miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Tea Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 2, R. 9 W. E. L. S.; inlet, short stream from north; outlet, by short stream into Sandy Stream through Millinocket Lake and Millinocket Stream to West Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.05 square mile; drainage area not measured. Telos Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 6, R. 12; flows southward, then north- eastward to Telos Lake (outlet through Webster Brook to Grand Lake, which flows through East Branch of Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of three short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 5 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Telos canal; previous to 1845 a canal was cut from Telos Lake in the Allagash Basin to Webster Lake, and by means of a dam constructed between Chamberlain and Eagle lakes the water is rendered in part tributary to the Penobscot, its general effect is to supply water to the Penobscot during the log-driving season, but after the gates at the dams are opened more water flows toward the St. John, as the gate sills are about 2 feet lower than those at Telos Lake. Telos Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 6, R. 11, and T. 5, R. 11; inlets, Telos Brook and overflow from Chamberlain Lake through Round Pond, besides a short unnamed stream from the southeast; outlet, through Telos Canal (see above) to Webster Brook (tributary through Grand Lakes to East Branch of Penobscot River) ; length (approxi- mate), 3 miles; maximum width, about seven-eighths mile; approximate area of water surface, including Round Pond, 3.85 square miles; present storage, 10 feet; additional available storage, 15 to 20 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Tenmile Lake, Aroostook County, northern Leavitt Township; inlet, a small unnamed stream on the south; outlet, to Beaver Brook (tributary through East Branch of Mattawamkeag River to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into the Penobscot); GAZETTEER OF RIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 273 length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, about one-eighth mile; area of water surface, 0.16 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Third Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 10; inlets, the overflow from Sink, Fourth, and Snake Ponds and Sly Brook; outlet, through Grand Lakes to East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), If miles; maximum width, about 1 mile; area of water surface, 0.77 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Third Pistol Pond, Penobscot County, T. 4 N. D.; inlet, a short unnamed stream from the northwest; outlet, through Second Pistol and Hot Pistol ponds to Passa- dumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maxi- mum width, one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.20 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Thissell Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in an unnamed pond in T. 5, R. 11; flows northward to Webster Lake (outlet, Webster Brook through Grand Lakes to East Branch of Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of two short unnamed streams from the west; length (approximate), 5 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Thissell Pond, Piscataquis Coimty, T. 5, R. 11 W. E. L. S.; outlet, Thissell Brook to Webster Lake, thence by Webster Brook (tributary to East Branch of Penob- scot River); area of water surface, 0.09 square mile; drainage area not measured. Thistle Pond, Waldo County, southern Monroe Township; inlet, a small unnamed stream from the southwest; outlet, to North Branch of Marsh River (tributary to Marsh River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), one-fourth mile; maximum width, about one-fourth mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets Nos. 3 and 7, Maine State map. Thorn Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in Spectacle Pond, in southwestern Blan- chard Township; flows southeastward to South Branch of Piscataquis River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); receives the overflow of Spectacle, Foss, Whetstone, and Piper ponds and the flow of Bog Brook; length (approximate), 11 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. Toddy Pond, Hancock County; Orland, Surrey, Penobscot, and Bluehill town- ships; inlets, stream from Heart Pond and nine other unnamed streams; outlet, to Alamoosook Lake on Orland River (tributary to Penobscot River); elevation, 158 feet; length (approximate), 8 miles; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water surface, 3.13 square miles; drainage area not measured. Orland and Bluehill sheets, U.S.G.S. Toddy Pond, Waldo County, northwestern Swansville Township; outlet, an un- named stream about 3 miles long entering North Branch of Marsh River (tributary to Marsh River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), three-fourths; mile; maximum width, about three-fourths mile; area of water surface, 0.25 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets Nos. 3 and 7, Maine State map. Toddy Pond Outlet, Hancock County; rises in Toddy Pond, in central Orland Township, at an elevation of about 160 feet; flows northwestward to Alamoosook Lake on Orland River (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of an unnamed stream less than one-half mile long; length, about three-fourths mile; total fall, 140 feet; drainage area not measured; Orland sheet, U.S.G.S. Togue Stream, Penobscot County; rises in an unnamed pond in T. 3, R. 9; flows southeastward to Sandy Stream (tributary to Millinocket Lake, which has outlet to Shad Pond on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of two unnamed streams from the north; length (approximate), 2 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. 15042°— wsp 279— 12 18 274 WATER KESOUECES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Tracy Pond, Penobscot County; one-fourth mile northeast of Hermon Pond, in southwestern Hermon Township; outlet, to Hermon Pond (outlet Souadabscook Stream to Penobscot River); length less than one-half mile; maximum width, about one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.06 square mile; drainage area not measured. Bangor and Bucksport sheets, U.S.G.S. Tracy Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 10 W. E. L. S.; inlet, short stream from north; outlet, short stream into Elbow Pond, thence through Katahdin Pond and Katahdin Stream to West Branch of Penobscot River; area of water surface, 0.01 square mile; drainage area not measured. Trout Brook, Penobscot County, southeastern Burlington Township; flows south, eastward to Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); no tributaries; length (approximate), S^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Trout Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in western T. 5, R. 10; flows northeastward to Grand Lake on East Branch of Penobscot River; receives the overflow of Littlefield Pond and Wadleigh Brook, besides the flow of several small unnamed streams; length (approximate), 14 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Trout Brook Ponds, Penobscot County, T. 5, R. 9; inlets, the overflow of two small unnamed ponds; outlet, through Trout Brook and Grand Lakes to East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1| miles; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water surface, central pond, 0.11 square mile; north pond 0.48 square mile; south pond, 0.08 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Trout Pond, Aroostook Coimty, Moro Plantation; inlets, short stream on north and one on west; outlet, through small stream to West Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.06 square mile; drainage area not measured. Trout Pond, Penobscot County, T. 2 N. D.; outlet, by short stream through Saponic Pond into Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. Trout Pond, Penobscot County, extreme southern Orrington Township; eleva- tion, 435 feet; outlet, through Browns, Mud, Brewer, and Fields ponds to Sedgeunke- dunk Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), one-fourth mile; maximum width, one-eighth mile; area of water surface, 0.03 square mile; between point of outlet and entrance to Browns Pond, a distance of about 1 mile, there is a fall of about 210 feet; drainage area not measured. Orland, Bucksport, and Bangor sheets, U.S.G.S. Trout Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 8, R. 10; outlet, through Hedgehog and Lrag ponds to Long Pond Stream (tributary through Onawa and Sebec lakes to Sebec River, which flows into Piscataquis River, a branch of the Penobscot); length (approx- imate), 1 mile; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, and 7, Maine State map. Trout Pond, Piscataquis County, T. A 2 Gore; inlet, an unnamed stream from the northeast; outlet, through Prong and Wilson ponds to Wilson Stream (tributary through Sebec Lake and Sebec Stream to the Piscataquis, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, three-fourths mile; area of water surface, 0.12 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, and 7, Maine State map. Truesdell Pond, Somerset County, T. 4, R. 18 W. E. L. S.; outlet, by short stream into North Branch of Penobscot River (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.06 square mile; drainage area not measured. Trueworthy Ponds, Hancock County, T. 3 N. D.; outlet, by short stream to Nicatous Stream and Passadumkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.07 square mile; drainage area not measm'ed. GAZETTEER OF RIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 275 Tumble Down Dick Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 1, R. 11; flows northeastward to Nahmakanta Stream (tributary to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); receives the flow of two unnamed streams; length, about 4^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Turner Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in Big Pond in T. 4, R. 9; flows southeast- ward to Wassataquoik Stream (tributary to East Branch of Penobscot River); receives the flow of an unnamed stream from the west about 3 miles long; length (approximate), 3^ miles; drainage area not measured- Sheet 6, Maine State map. Turtle Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 4, R. 8; outlet, through Seboeis and Endless lakes and Seboeis Stream to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water sur- face, 0.20 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Twin Lakes, North and South, Penobscot County, Indian 3 Township; treated as one body of water, as the connecting channel is as wide as either of the lakes; inlets, from Pemadumcook Lake and several small unnamed streams; outlet, through Elbow and Quakish lakes and Shad Pond on West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 4 miles; width ranges from less than 1 mile to about 4 miles; approxi- mate area of water surface, including Pemadumcook and Ambejejus lakes, 24.9 square miles; present storage, 25 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Twin Pond, Piscataquis Coimty, T. 2, R. 9 W. E, L. S.; outlet, by short stream into Millinocket Lake, thence into Millinocket Stream (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River) ; area of water surface, 0.09 square mile; drainage area not measiu-ed. XJmbazooksus Lake, Piscataquis County, central T. 6, R. 13; inlets, overflow from Longley Pond on the west and an unnamed stream about 4 miles long from the northwest; outlet, XJmbazooksus Stream to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penob- scot River; length (approximate), 3 miles; maximum width, about 1 mile; approxi- mate area of water surface, 1.45 square miles; present storage, 4 feet; drainage area not measured. See page 172 of this report. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Umbazooksus Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in XJmbazooksus Lake in 6, R. 13; flows southward and south westward to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; receives the flow of Longley Brook from the west; length (approxi- mate), about 5 miles; after the first IJ miles of its course it suddenly broadens, and for the remainder of its course the width of its channel varies from one-half to 1 mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Upper Ebeemee Lake, Piscataquis County, on boundary between T. B, R. 10, and T. 4, R. 9; inlet, East Branch of Pleasant River, which flows through the lake also to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1^ miles; maximum width, one-third mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.36 square mile; drainage area not measiu-ed. See also Eheemee Lake. Sheets 2, 3," 6, and 7, Maine State map. Upper Grapevine Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 8 N. W. P.; inlet, short stream from north; outlet, through Grapevine Pond by small stream to Sebec Lake and Sebec River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.13 square mile; drainage area not measured. Upper Greenwood Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 8, R. 9 N. W. P.; outlet, short stream through Greenwood Pond, Onawa Lake, Onawa Stream, Sebec Lake to Sebec River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); area of water sin-face, 0.14 square mile; drainage area not measured. Upper Hastings Brook, rises on the Penobscot-Aroostook County line between T. 7, R. 6, and T. 7, R. 5; flows southeastward to West Branch of Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Mattawamkeag River, which flows into Penobscot River); tributaries, three short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not meas- ured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. 276 Upper Joe Mary Lake, Piscataquis County, T. A, R. 10, and Penobscot County, Long A Township; inlet, Joe Mary Brook from the southwest; outlet, through Middle and Lower Joe Mary lakes to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 3 miles; maximum width, 1 .mile; approximate area of water surface, 2.98 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Upper Pond, Penobscot County, southern Lincoln Township; outlet, through Folson Pond to Mattanacook Pond (outlet, Mattanacook Stream to Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, about 1 mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.79 square mile; controlled by a dam; drainage area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Upper Wilson Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 8, R. 10 N. W. P. and Greenwood; inlets, two short streams from east. Horseshoe Stream from east, and outlet of Mountain Pond from north; outlet, by short stream to Wilson Pond, Wilson Stream, Sebec Lake to Sebec River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.60 square mile; drainage area not measm-ed. Wadleigh Brook, Penobscot County, T. 8, R. 6; flows in a rather circuitous course south westward through Grand Lakes to Seboeis River (tributary to East Branch of Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of several small unnamed streams ; length (approxi- mate), 4| miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Wadleigh Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in a small unnamed pond in T. 6, R. 10; flows eastward to Trout Brook (tributary through Grand Lake to East Branch of Penobscot River); receives the flow of a small unnamed stream from the north; length (approximate), about 5J miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Wadleigh Pond, Penobscot County, T. 4, Indian Purchase, W. E. L. S.; outlet, by short stream into North Twin Lake, West Branch of Penobscot River; area of water sm-face, 0.08 square mile; drainage area not measured. Wadleigh Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 1, R. 11; inlet, overflow of Penobscot and Long ponds; outlet, through Rainbow Pond to Nahmakanta Lake (outlet to Pema- dumcook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 2J miles; maximum width, three-fourths mile; area of water surface, 0.42 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Wadleigh Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 8, R. 15; inlet, a small unnamed stream from the west; outlet, Wadleigh Stream to Poland Pond (outlet to Caucomgomuc Lake, which discharges to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River) ; length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.16 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Wadleigh Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in Wadleigh Pond in T. 8, R. 15; flows eastward and southeastward to an unnamed pond, which flows into Poland Pond inT. 7, R. 14 (outlet to Caucomgomuc Lake and thence to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), 6 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Ware Pond, Penobscot County, southeastern Lee Township; inlets, two small unnamed streams on the north; outlet, through Passadumkeag River to Penobscot River; length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, three-fourths mile; approxi- mate area of water surface, 0.8 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 6 and 7, Maine State map. Wassataquoik Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 3, R. 10; flows northeast- ward, thence southeastward to East Branch of Penobscot River; receives Turner Brook and Katahdin Stream and several unnamed streams; length (approximate), 26 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Webster Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in Webster Lake in T. 6, R. 10; flows northeastward through Grand Lake to East Branch of Penobscot River; receives three GAZETTEEE OF EIVERS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 277 unnamed streams from the northwest and the overflow of a small pond to the south; length (approximate), 8 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. Webster Lake, Piscataquis County, T. 6, Rs. 10 and 11; inlets, the overflow of Coffalos Lake and Thissell Brook; outlet, Webster Brook through Grand Lake to East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), 4 miles; maximum width, about one-half mile; approximate area of water surface, 1 square mile; present storage, 8 feet; additional available storage, 10 feet; drainage area not measured. (See Telos canal). Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. West Branch of Mattawamkeag River, Aroostook County; rises in Rockabema Lake, in Moro Township; flows southeastward through Mattawamkeag Lake to its junction with the East Branch, in Haynesville Township, to form the Mattawamkeag (tributary to Penobscot River, in Mattawamkeag Township, Washington County); tributaries. Upper and Lower Hastings brooks, Fish Stream, Dyer, Sly, and Babcock brooks, and the overflow of Mattawamkeag Lake; length (approximate), 33 miles; drainage area above junction with East Branch of Mattawamkeag River, 352 square miles. Sheet 6, Maine State map. West Branch of Penobscot; see Penobscot River. West Branch of Pleasant River, Piscataquis County; rises in West Branch Ponds in T. A, R. 12; flows westward for about 4 miles, then turns and flows generally south- eastward to its junction with East Branch of Pleasant River in T. 5, R, 8, to form Pleasant River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); receives the overflow of Big Lyford Pond, the flow of Hay Brook, White Brook (T. 7, R. 10), White Brook (T. B, R. 11), the overflow of Silver Lake and Houston Brook; length (approximate), 30 miles; drainage area at outlet of Silver Lake, 104 square miles. Sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7, Maine State map. West Branch Ponds (2), Piscataquis County, T, A, R. 12; inlet of westernmost pond, an unnamed stream from the south and overflow of West Branch Ponds to the east; outlet, West Branch of Pleasant River to Pleasant River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), of westernmost pond, seven-eighths mile; maximum width, one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.78-square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7, Maine State map, West Branch of Souadabscook Stream, Penobscot County; rises in southwestern llewburg Township; flows northeastward to Hammond Pond, where it unites with the Souadabscook (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of two unnamed streams from the south; length, about 2| miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets Nos. 3 and 7, Maine State map. West Chair Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 7, R. 9 N. W. P.; outlet, by short stream into Long Pond, thence by Long Pond Stream through Onawa Lake, Onawa Stream, Sebec Lake into Sebec River (tributary to Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.10 square mile; drainage area not measured. West Lake, Hancock County, Tps. 3 N. D. and 40 M. D; outlet, through Nicatous Lake to Nicatous Stream (tributary to Passadumkeag River, which flows to Penobscot River; length (approximate), 2 miles; maximum width. If miles; area of water sur- face included in Nicatous Lake; present storage, 7 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheet 7, Maine State map. Wheeler Stream, Penobscot County; rises in extreme northeastern Hermon Town- ship, at an elevation of 240 feet; flows southwesterly through George Pond into Soua- dabscook Stream (tributary to Penobscot River); receives the flow of two unnamed streams in the upper part of its course; length (approximate), 7 miles; total fall, 115 feet; drainage area not measured. Bangor and Bucksport sheets, U.S.G.S. Whetstone Pond, Piscataquis County, extreme southeastern Blanchard Town- ship; outlet, through Thorn Brook to South Branch of Piscataquis River (tributary to 278 WATER EESOURCES OF PENOBSCOT BASIN, MAINE. Piscataquis River, which flows into Penobscot River); length (approximate), 1 mile; maximum width, one-third mile; area of water surface, 0.14 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheets 3 and 7, Maine State map. White Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in T. B, R. 11; flows generally southwest- ward to Silver Lake, thence to West Branch of Pleasant River (tributary to Pleasant River, which flows to the Piscataquis, which in turn is tributary to the Penobscot); receives the flow of five short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 5 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7, Maine State map. White Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 7, R. 10; flows slightly southeast- ward to West Branch of Pleasant River (tributary to Pleasant River, which flows to Piscataquis River, a branch of Penobscot River); receives the overflow from Green Pond from the northeast; length (approximate), 6^ miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, 6, and 7, Maine State map. Whitehouse Lake, Penobscot County, T. 7, R. 7; inlet, the overflow of Snow- shoe, Grand, and Seboeis lakes; outlet, through Seboeis River to East Branch of Penobscot River; length (approximate), IJ miles; maximum width, eeven-eighths mile; approximate area of water surface, 0.84 square mile; present storage, 5 to 6 feet; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map.- Whitney Brook, Piscataquis County; rises in T. 5, R. 15; flows in a rather circuit- ous course northward and eastward to Loon Lake (outlet to Caucomgomuc Lake, which has outlet to Chesuncook Lake on West Branch of Penobscot River); receives the flow of Smith Brook and two unnamed streams; length (approximate), about 7 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Wilder Pond, Piscataquis County, Tps. 7 and 8, R. 9; outlet, Long Pond Stream through Onawa Lake, Onawa Stream, Sebec Lake, and Sebec River to Piscataquis River (tributary to Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.02 square mile; drainage area not measured. Williams Pond, Hancock County, northern Bucksport Township near the Penob- scot-Hancock county line; inlet, a small stream about IJ miles long from the north- west; outlet, an unnamed stream flowing southeastward to the outlet of Jacob Buck Pond to form an unnamed tributary of Orland River (tributary to Penobscot River); elevation, 263 feet; between point of outlet and its junction with the outlet of Jacob Buck Pond, a distance of about 4J miles, there is a fall of approximately 223 feet; length, about three-fourths mile; maximum width, one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.T9 square mile; drainage area not measured. Bucksport sheet, U.S.G.S. Williams Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 4, R. 11 W. E, L. S.; outlet, by short stream into Sourdnahunk Stream (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); area of water surface, 0.04 square mile; drainage area not measured. Wilson Pond; Piscataquis County, eastern Greenville Township; inlets, the over- flow of Prong and Rum ponds and a short unnamed stream from the west; outlet, Wilson Stream (outlet through Sebec Lake to Sebec River, which flows into Piscata- quis River, a tributary of the Penobscot); length (approximate), 2^ miles; maximum width, 1^ miles; approximate area of water surface, 1.52 square miles; present storage, 7 feet; several feet more storage available; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, and 7, Maine State map. Wilson Stream, Piscataquis County; rises in Wilson Pond, in northeastern Green- ville Township; flows southeastward to Sebec Lake (outlet Sebec River to Piscata- quis River, which flows into Penobscot River) ; receives the flow of Little Wilson and Davis Streams and the overflow of Grindstone Pond, besides about four short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 20 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheets 2, 3, and 7, Maine State map. Windy Pitch Pond, Piscataquis County, T. 3, R. 10; outlet to Sourdnahunk Stream (tributary to West Branch of Penobscot River); length (approximate), one-third mile; GAZETTEER OP RIVEKS, LAKES, AND PONDS. 279 maximum width, one-fourth mile; area of water surface, 0.01 square mile; drainage area not measured. Sheet 2, Maine State map. Wyman Brook, Aroostook County; rises in T. 1, R. 5; flows southward to Matta- seunk Lake (outlet, Mattaseunk Stream to Penobscot River;) receives the flow of about seven short unnamed streams; length (approximate), 5 J miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Wytopitlock Lake, Aroostook County, on boundary between T. 2, R. 4, and Glen- wood Township; inlets, two unnamed streams from the north and east, respectively; outlet, through Wytopitlock Stream to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River;) length (approximate), 2^ miles; maximum width, 1 mile; approximate area of water surface, 1.63 square miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Wytopitlock Stream, Aroostook County; rises in Wytopitlock Lake, in Glenwood Township; flows southeastward to Mattawamkeag River (tributary to Penobscot River); about 2 miles from its source it receives the flow of Brayley Brook; length (approximate), 14 miles; drainage area not measured. Sheet 6, Maine State map. Yoke Pond, Piscataquis County, T. A, R. 11; inlet, overflow of a small unnamed pond to the northwest; outlet, to Crawford Pond (outlet by Cooper and Pratt brooks to Middle and Lower Joe Mary lakes, which have outlet to Pemadumcook Lake on West Branch Penobscot River); length (approximate), three-fourths mile; maximum width, about one-half mile; area of water surface, 0.38 square mile; drainage area not meas- ured. Sheets 2 and 6, Maine State map. INDEX. A. Page. Abbot Village, water power at 144 Accuracy of field measurements 30 AUagash Lake, storage capacity and possi- bilities of 177-178 water available from storage in 204 AUagash Stream, drainage area of 10 Ambejejus Lake, undeveloped power of West Branch of Penobscot above 148-152 Androscoggin River at Lewiston, evapora- tion of 120-122, 124-127, 129 B. Bangor, floods at 12&-132 Xenduskeag Stream near: description 96 discharge 96 discharge, daily 98-99 discharge, monthly 99 gage heights 97 low-water flow 138 rating table. 98 municipal water power at 140 Penobscot River at, comparative flood flowof 134 in flood, gage heights of 130 ■ maximum discharge of 131 rating table for dam at 130 Bar Harbor, precipitation at, tables showing. 20, 26 Basin Mills, water power at 141 Baskahegan Lake, storage capacity and possi- biUties of . . . , 178-179 water available from storage in 205 Baskahegan Stream, drainage area of 10 Bastin, E. S., on geology 11-12 Belfast, precipitation at, tables showing 20, 26 Black Stream, drainage area of 10 Boston, Mass., evaporation at, data regard- ing 128-129 Brownville, water power at 145 C. Carmel, precipitation at, tables showing 20, 26 Caucomgomoc Lake, storage capacity and possibilities of . . . . — • 171-172 water available from storage in 2a3 Caucomgomuc Stream, drainage area of 10 Chamberlain Lake, drainage area of 10 storage capacity and possibilities of — 176-177 water available from storage in 204 Chesuncook, precipitation at, tables showing. 21, 26 Chesuncook dam, precipitation at, tables showing 21, 26 Chesuncook Lake, drainage area of 10 storage capacity and possibilities of 170-171 water available from storage in 202 Cold Stream at — Enfield: Page. description 91 discharge 92 discharge, daily 94-95 discharge, monthly 95 gage heights 92-93 low-water flow 138 rating table 93 Cold Stream Pond, storage possibilities of 188 Cost of log driving, figures regarding 213-219 Costigan, Penobscot River near: description 55 discharge, daily 55 discharge, monthly. 56 D. Danforth, rainfall at 21, 26, 133 Data, use of 31 Debsconeag, rainfall at 21, 26, 133 Discharge, definition of 32 office methods of computing 29-30 Drainage, general features of 8-11 Dover, water power at 144 E. East Branch of Penobscot River. See Penob- scot River, East Branch of. East Dover, water power at 143 East Holden, Phillips Lake outlet at: description 99-100 discharge 100 discharge, daily •. . 106-108 gage heights 101-105 rating table 105 East Branch Stream, elevations along 157 undeveloped power of 156-157 Ebeemee Lake. See Lower Ebeemee Lake. Emersons Mills, Souadabscook River at: discharge 110 Endless Lake, drainage area of 10 storage capacity and possibilities of 184-185 water available from 'Jtorage in 207 Enfield, Cold Stream at: description 91 discharge 92 discharge, daily 94-95 discharge, monthly 95 gage heights 92-93 low- water flow 138 rating table 93 Enfield, water power at 142 Evaporation, comparison of records of, by months... 127,129 monthly and average, at Maine stations, diagram showing 128 281 282 INDEX. Page. Evaporation, statistics regarding 113-129 summary of data regarding, by months . 126-127 by weeks 124-126 Evaporation stations, list of 114 Fairfield, precipitation at, tables showing 22,26 Fall, available for water power development, data regarding 145-146 Farming, development of 14 Ferguson Lake, at Millinocket, evaporation of 118-119, 124-127, 129 Field measurements, accuracy of 30 Field methods of measuring stream flow, de- scription of 27-29 Floods, on Penobscot River, data regarding 129-136 Forests, character and extent of 13 need of conserving 211 Foxcroft, Piscataquis River at or near: comparative flood flow 133 description 80-81 discharge , 81 discharge, daily 86-89 discharge, during flood 136 figure showing 135 discharge, monthly 89-91 gage heights 81-85 low- water flow 137, 138 maximum discharge 131 rating table 85 water powers at and near 144 G. Gaging stations, location of 33 Geology, general features of 11-12 Grand Lake, storage capacity and possibilities of 173-174 water available from storage in 203 Great Works, water power at 141 Greenville, rainfall at .' 22, 26, 133 Grindstone, Penobscot River, East Branch of, at: comparative flood flow 133 description 56-57 discharge 57 discharge, daily , 63-66 discharge, during flood 136 figure showing 135 discharge, monthly 67-68 gage heights 57-62 low-water flow 137,138 maximum discharge 131 rating table 62 Guilford, water power at 144 H. Hamlin, G . H . , measurements by 110 Hampden, Soudabascook River at: discharge 110 Holden, Phillips Lake at, low-water discharge of 137 Houlton, rainfall at 23,26, 133 Houston Pond, drainage area of 10 storage capacity and possibilities of 187 Howland, water power at 143 I. Page. 14 Ice cutting, development of. Improvements, to facilitate log driving, cost of 220 Industries, character and development of 13-14 K. 10 96 Kenduskeag Stream, drainage area of Kenduskeag Stream, near — Bangor: description discharge discharge, daily discharge, monthly 99 gage height s 97 rating table 98 low-water flow 138 Kineo, precipitation at, tables showing 23, 26 Lake areas, total extent of 190 Lake House — Phillips Lake outlet at: description 99-100 discharge 101 rating table 106 Lewiston, Androscoggin River at, evapora- tion of 120-122, 124-127, 129 Log driving, data regarding 211-220 figures regarding cost of 213-219 improvement in facilities for 219-220 cost of 220 lessened amount of water used for 209 methods of 211-212 quantity of logs in and cost of 213-219 time of : 212-213 water used in 213 Logs, quantity driven 213-219 Lower Ebeemee Lake, drainage area of 10 storage possibilities of 185 Low water, eflect of and data regarding — 136-139 Lumbering, data regarding 211-220 development of 13-14 Mass curve, for West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket, computa- tion of and application of 194-199 Mattawamkeag— Mattawamkeag River at: comparative flood fiow 133 description 68-69 discharge 69 discharge, daily 75-78 discharge,- during flood 136 figure showing 135 discharge, monthly 79-80 gage heights 69-74 low-water flow 137,138 maximum discharge 131 rating table 74 Mattawamkeag Lake, storage capacity and possibilities of 179-180 water available from storage in 205 Mattawamkeag River at— Mattawamkeag: comparative flood flow 133 description INDEX. 283 Page. Mattawamkeag River at— Mattawamkeag — Continued . discharge 69 discharge, daily 75-78 discharge, during flood 136 figure showing 135 discharge, monthly 79-80 gage heights 69-74 low-water flow 137, 138 maximum discharge 131 rating table 74 Mattawamkeag River, cost of log driving on 214,217,219 drainage area of 10 East Branch of, drainage area of 10 elevations along 161 storage possibilities of 178-181 undeveloped power of 158-161 water available from storage in basin of. 205-206 West Branch of, drainage area of 10 Mayfield, precipitation at, tables showing 24,26 Millinocket, Ferguson Lake at, evaporation of 118-119, 124-127, 129 Penobscot River, West Branch, at: comparative flood flow 133 description 33-35 discharge, daily 35-39 discharge, during flood 136 figure showing 135 discharge, monthly 39-41 effect of storage on flow 191-194 low water flow 136, 139 mass curve 194-199 application of 199 mass diagram 198 maximum discharge ^ 131 mean ratio of run-off to precipitation, 1 13 rainfall at 24,26, 133 run-off and precipitation in Penobscot River basin above, tables show- ing 111-112 water powers at- 142 Milo, water power at 145 Molunkus Stream, drainage area of 10 Mooselookmeguntic Lake, evaporation of 123- 124, 124-127, 129 Mud Pond, storage capacity of 176-177 Navigation, effect of storage on 210 Nicatous Lake, storage possibilities of 188 Northwest Pond, storage capacity and pos- sibilities of 183-184 water available from storage in 206 Office methods of computing and studying discharge, account of 29-30 Old town, water power at 141-142 Orono, mean annual precipitation and mass curves, figure showing 19 precipitation at 25, 26, 133 figure showing 18 water powers at 140, 141 P. Paper making, development of 13-14 Passadumkeag Stream, drainage area of 10 log driving on, cost of. 214,217,219 undeveloped power of 165-166 Page. Patten, rainfall at 25, 26, 133 Penobscot River and tributaries, run-off of, in storm of September, 1909, dia- gram showing 135 Penobscot River at— Bangor, maximum discharge of 131 Bangor dam, comparative flood flow of. . 134 Svmkhaze Rips: description 55 discharge, daily 55 discharge, monthly 56 West Enfield: comparative flood flow 133 description 42 discharge 42 discharge, daffy 48-52 discharge, during flood 136 figure showing 135 discharge, monthly 53-54 gage heights 43-47 low-water flow 137, 138 maximum discharge 131 rating table 48 Penobscot River, cost of log driving on and of improvements on 214-220 drainage area of 10 East Branch of, at Grindstone: comparative flood flow 133 description 56-57 discharge 57 discharge, daily 63-66 discharge, during flood 136 figure showing 135 discharge, monthly 67-68 gage heights 57-62 low-water flow 137,138 maximum discharge 131 rating table 62 cost of improvements for log driving on 220 cost of log driving on 214, 215-216 drainage area of 10 elevations along 153 possibilities of storage on 172-178 undeveloped power of 152-156 water available from storage in basin of 203-204 elevations along 147 floods on, data regarding 129-136 North Branch of, drainage area of 10 run-off and precipitation in basin of, above MiUinocket, tables show- ing 111-112 South Branch of, drainage area of 10 tributaries of, exclusive of West Branch, water available on 200-202 undeveloped power of 146-148 water powers along 140-143 water powers of tributaries of 143-145 West Branch of, above Ambejejus Lake, undeveloped power of 148-152 at Millinocket: comparative flood flow 133 description 33-35 discharge, daily 35-39 discharge, during flood 136 diagram showing 135 discharge, monthly 39-41 284 INDEX. Penobscot River — West Branch of, Page. at Millinocket— Continued. low-water flow 136, 139 maximum discharge 131 cost of improvements for log driving on 220 cost of log driving on 214, 218 drainage area of 10 effect of storage on flow of 191-194 elevations along 149 mean ratios of run-off to precipitation on, table showing 113 possibilities of storage on 166-172 water available from storage in basin of 202-203 water available on 194-199 Penobscot River basin, miscellaneous meas- lu-ements in 110 streams of, comparative flood flow of 133 maximum discharge of 131 Phillips Lake and outlets in— Holden and Dedham: description 99-100 discharge 100-101 discharge, daily. 106-108 discharge, monthly 108-109 gage heights 101-105 rating tables 105, 106 Phillips Lake at Holden, low water discharge of 137 storage possibilities of 189 Pleasant Lake, storage capacity and possi- bilities of 180-181 water available from storage in 205 Pleasant River, drainage area of 10 elevations along 165 imdeveloped power of 164-165 water power on 145 Piscataquis River at or near— Foxcroft: comparative flood flow 133 description 80-81 discharge 81 discharge, daily 86-89 discharge, during flood 136 figure showing 135 discharge, monthly 89-91 gage heights 81-85 low water flow 137, 138 maximum discharge 131 rating table 85 Piscataquis River, drainage area of 10 elevations along 163 storage possibilities of 181-187 undeveloped power of 161-163 water available from storage in basia of. 205-206 water powers on 143-144 Population, statistics regarding 13 Precipitation, amoimt of, tables and figures showing 16 average for period 1869-1910, table show- ing 26 correction of figures for 16-17 relation of run-off to 110-113 Pulp making, development of 13-14 Page. Pushaw Lake, storage possibilities of 188-189 Pushaw Stream, drainage area of 10 Q. Quakish Lake, water power at outlet of 143 R. Railroads, character and number of 1^15 Ripogenus Lake, storage possibilities of 169-170 water available from storage in 202 Roimd Pond, storage capacity and possibil- ities of 175 water available from storage in 204 Run-off, definition of 32 relation of, to precipitation 110-113 Run-off in inches, definition of 33 S. Schoodic Lake, drainage area of 10 storage capacity and possibilities of 181-182 water available from storage in 206 Schoodic Stream, drainage area of 10 water power at mouth of 143 Scope of the report 7 Sebec Lake, storage capacity and possibilities of 186 water available from storage in 207 water power at outlet of 145 Sebec River, drainage area of 10 elevations along 164 imdeveloped power of 163-164 water powers on 145 Seboeis Lake, drainage area of 10 storage capacity and possibilities of 183-184 water available from storage in 206 Seboeis Stream, drainage area of 10 Second-feet per square mile, definition of 32 Second-foot, definition of 32 Second Grand Lake- water available from storage in 203 storage capacity and possibilities of 173-174 September 26-29, 1909, storm of, data regard- ing ". 132-136 Silver Lake, storage capacity and possibilities of 187 Soldier Pond at Soldier Pond, evaporation of. 115- 117, 124-127, 129 Souadabscook Stream, drainage area of 10 at Hampden: discharge 110 South Lagrange, precipitation at, tables show- ing 26 Stations, locations of 33 Stillwater, water power at 141 Storage, effect of, on flow 191-211 facilities for and possibilities of 166-190 present data regarding 191-194 summary of data regarding 189-190 summary of effect of, on flow 207-211 water available from 202-207 Stream flow, data on 27-110 field methods of measuring 27-29 Sunkhaze Rips, Penobscot River at: description 55 discharge, daily 55 discharge, monthly 66 INDEX. 285 T. Page. Tables, explanation of 31-32 Telos Lake, storage capacity and possibilities of 175 Telos Lake, water available from storage in. . 204 Terms, definitions of 32-33 The Forks, rainfall at 26, 133 Topographic maps of Penobscot basin, list of. 7-8 Topography, general features of 8-9 Transportation lines, character and munber of 14-15 Twin Lake system, storage capacity and pos- sibilities of 167-169 water available from storage in 202 U. Umbazooksus Lake, storage possibilities of. . 172 Umbazooksus Stream, drainage area of 10 Upper Abbot, water power at 144 V. Veazie, water power at 140 W. Page. Water, use of, in log driving 213 Water power, data regarding , . . 140-166 developed, detailed statement of 140-145 summary of 145 undeveloped, statement regarding 145-166 Water storage, facilities for 166-190 Weather Bureau stations, list of 16 Webster Brook, elevations along 157 undeveloped power of 156-157 Webster Lake, storage capacity and possi- bilities of 174-175 West Enfield, Penobscot River at: comparative flood flow 133 description 42 discharge 42 discharge, daily .48-52 discharge, during flood 136 diagram showing 135 discharge, monthly 53-54 effect of storage on flow 191-194 gage heights 43-47 low-water flow 137, 138 maximum discharge 131 rating table 48 O MAI o.^>m LAI 1/ PLAN AND F 'RC)FI'-E PENOBSCOT Rl\ 'EB, MAINE BANGOR TO NORTh TWIN LAKE ILE {, MA WIN LAN "^^ PUN AND PROFILE PENOBSCOT RIVER, MAINE BANGOR TO NORTH TWIN LAKE i J 1 fti 1 _J 1 1 1 3 35 " Dalum IS mean sea level PUN AND PROFILE PENOBSCOT RIVER, MAINE BANGOR TO NORTH TWIN LAKE 1 t ^ i 1^1 i ■ MILES 36 3 " .i Sidnaij Clapp. Chiel ol Parly )Fll rJ PLAN AND PROFILE PENOBSCOT RIVER, MAINE BANGOR TO NORTH TWIN LAKE Smtioa Clapp. Chief ol Porta .E W IN U PUN AND PROFILE PENOBSCOT RIVER, MAINE BANGOR TO NORTH TWIN LAKE NOH-m ■nviN LAKE II -__:l— ■ — — 1 PLAN AND PROFILE WEST BRANCH PENOBSCOT RIVER MAINE CHESUNCOOK LAKE TO AMBEJEJUS LAKE ilVER JUS LA PLAN AND PROFILE WEST BRANCH PENOBSCOT RIVER MAINE CHESUNCOOK LAKE TO AMBEJEJUS LAKE If 1 1 ! 1 1 ! 1 \ 1 1 1^ ! ; 1 \ \ 1 \ "^^ 1 \ 5 — '>— ®-j.\-r Conlou, .mental on I^nd 20 1^ WE JUS i PLAN AND PROFILE WEST BRANCH PENOBSCOT RIVER MAINE CHESUNCOOK LAKE TO AMBEJEJUS LAKE [ 4S0 ^! If les \ V Amiycjus Lake 1 R BOO J %- PLAN AND PROFILE WEST BRANCH PENOBSCOT RIVER, MAINE CHESUNCOOK LAKE TO SEBOOMOOK 1 _,,x'-^ 1 fox/«i£-fi£^-"' 1 . 1 i "1 PLAN AND PROFILE WEST BRANCH PENOBSCOT RIVER, MAINE CHESUNCOOK UKE TO SEBOOMOOK L I *'° ^ ■^ 1 iii ii- 1= 1 1 / f r t r J J- ' - ^ _/ ^ ^ — ' i^ 1 — — ' 1 i aeoncE oris smith, director PLAN AND PROFILE EAST BRANCH PENOBSCOT RIVER, MAINE FIRST GRAND LAKE TO MEDWAY •3" jOFIL toT^iv 0^10 £DV n PLAN AND PR EAST BRANCH PENOBSC RIVER, MAINE FIRST GRAND LAKE 1EDWAY PLAN AND PROFILE EAST BRANCH PENOBSCOT RIVER, MAINE FIRST GRAND LAKE TO MEDWAY 1 1 1 g 1 I - 4 === _ i 1 T^ — f- 1 i^ Similes J3 ss J6 1 t^ ^-^1 ^ // 4 1 7 1 J m> r1 ATT AW A.MK EAG ■' Yiesf 3f Sffffions I and Z3 i /— ^ i_^ -^ / ^ — ..^- Bultejiield, Chiel ol Party PLAN AND PROFILE MATTAWAMKEAG RIVER, MAINE PENOBSCOT RIVER TO NORTH BANCROFT II n PLAN AND PROFILE MATTAWAMKEAG RIVER, MAINE PENOBSCOT RIVER TO NORTH BANCROFT } 1 4 Sethi Islands 1 — '' — ' — 1 r ^1.,^ 1 1 1 t 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 dch«ck Island ■— * \ 1 I i ^ 1 : 1 i 1 : 1 1 i 1 . D. Bulteriield.Chiel of Parly Dalum i; DRAINAGE BASIN^ VIKEAG, AND PLEASANT PAPER 279 PLATE XIX MATTAWAMKEAG AND PISCATAQUIS DRAINAGE BASINS, MAINE SCHOODIC, SEBOEIS, ENDLESS, MATTAWAMKEAG, AND PLEASANT LAKES BROWNwa|-|-#iv^ SCHOODIC ^ND SEBOEIS LW<,E5 :N T.4.R.e. AND T4. R.9. PLEASANT LAKE NEAR ISLAND FALLS / MATTAWAMKEAG LAKE NEAR ISLAND FALLS I