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 1 
 
 Souvenir of the Dedicatory Ceremonies 
 ^^s"*" of the Iowa State Buildim 
 
 at Jackson Park, Chicago, Illinois, 
 October 22, A. D. 1892. 
 
 d 
 
 i 
 
 J4^i^ 
 
 f 
 
COPYRIGHT 1892, 
 By the Iowa Columbian Commission. 
 
 J 
 
 Press of Pettibone, Wells & Co., Chicago. 
 
 
FROM ' WONfirHFUl CHlCAGQi' AND THE W3ftL0'S FAIB 
 Cr GfU. W. MELVILLE. CHICA50, 
 
 IOWA STATE BUILDING 
 
 JACKSON PARK 
 
Program of Ceremonies of Dedication. 
 
 Overture, —Barber of Seville, — Rossini, . . . . . . . . Iowa State Band 
 
 Invocation, ........... Rev. T. E. Green 
 
 Presentation of the Building to the Goveknok oe Iowa, . James O. Crosby, Pres. Iowa Col. Commission 
 
 Dedication and Tender to the World's Exposition, ..... Governor Horace Boies 
 
 Response, .......... Director-General Geo. R. Davis 
 
 Music, — Reminiscences of all Nations, ........ Iowa State Band 
 
 Poem, — The Ballad of Columbus, — Maj. S. H. M. Byers, .... Mrs. Lucia Gale Barber 
 
 Song, — Star Spang-led Banner, ..... Mrs. Ida Norton, accompanied by Iowa State Band, 
 
 with Audience joining- in the Chorus 
 
 Oration, ............ Hon. E. P. Seeds 
 
 DoxoLOGY, . . . . . . . . Audience, accompanied by Iowa State Band 
 
 Benediction, . . . . . . . . . . . Rev. T. E. Green 
 
 Music, — Iowa Columbian March, — Prof. Phinney, ...... Iowa State Band 
 
 ' Commit 
 
 F. N. CHASE, , . 
 
 ' Committee 
 
 S. B. PACKARD, ) on 
 
 HENRY STIVERS, ' <^"eraoiiies. 
 
.noilsoibs^i to 83ifi€)rn3i93 lo msi^oi*^] 
 
 ! jTaavO 
 
 '/, "irr/lT I 
 
 -'r;;.;G ..... ,,Ha>io<iaH5rI 
 
 •"-.fr-j;a -; . -ifcfl f=>rfT— ,Mao*I 
 
 ..YOOvIOXL". ! 
 
 ol — .DiauM 
 
Iowa Officials of the World's Columbian Exposition. 
 
 Chief of the Bureau of Agriculture, W. I. Buchanan, Sioux City. 
 
 U. S. COMMISSIONERS FOR IOWA. 
 
 W. F. King, Mt. Vern.on. Joseph Eiboeck, Des Moines. 
 
 ALTERNATES. 
 
 John Hayes, Red Oak. Charles E. Whiting, Whiting-. 
 
 MEMBERS OF WOMAN'S BOARD OF U. S. COMMISSIONERS FOR IOWA. 
 
 Mrs. Whiting S. Clark, Des Moines. Miss Ora E. Miller, Cedar Rapids. 
 
 ALTERNATES. 
 
 Mrs. Ira F. Hendricks, Council BluflFs. Miss Mary B. Hancock, Dubuque. 
 
 IOWA COLUMBIAN COMMISSION. 
 
 Pres., J. O. Crosby, Ganiavillo. V.-Pres., J. F. Duncombe, Ft. Dodge. Sec3^, F. N. Chase, Cedar Falls. Trcas., Wm. H. Dent, LeMars. 
 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 
 
 S. H. Mallory, Chariton. H. W. Seaman, Clinton. S. B. Packard, Marshalltown. 
 
 AUDITING COMMITTEE. 
 
 Theo. Guelich, Burlington. S. B. Packard, Marshalltowu. Henry Stivers, Des Moines. 
 
 ON COMPILATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL, HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL INFORMATION. 
 
 Chas. Ashton, Guthrie Center. J. O. Crosby, Garnavillo. J. W. Jarnagin, Montezuma. 
 
 DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 "A" Live Stock, . 
 
 "B" Agricultural and Dair}', 
 
 "C" Horticultural, 
 
 "D" Mineral and Geology, 
 
 "E" Press .... 
 
 S. B. Packard "F" 
 
 P. N. Chase "G" 
 
 Wm. H. Dent "H" 
 
 J. P. Duncombe "I" 
 
 Henry Stivers 
 
 Woman's Work, 
 Manufactures and Machincrj', 
 Education and Fine Arts, 
 Forestry, .... 
 
 J. O. Crosby 
 
 H. W. Seaman 
 
 J. W. Jarnagin 
 
 Theo. Guelich 
 
 IOWA BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS. 
 
 Pres., Miss Ora E. Miller, Cedar Rapids. V.-Pres., Mrs. N. C. Deering, Osage. 
 
 Secy., Mrs. Eliza G. Rhodes, Mt. Pleasant. Treas., Miss Mary B. Hancock, Dubuque. 
 
 Mrs. Flora J. McAchran, Bloomfield. Mrs. Whiting S. Clark, Des Moines. Mrs. Orry H. Salts, Corning. 
 
 Mrs. E. O. Person, Council Bluffs. Mrs. John F. Duncombe, Ft. Dodge. Miss Jennie E. Rogers, Sioux City, 
 
 Mrs. Ellen K. Cook, Davenport. 
 
.fioiJieoqxH fiBidmuIoO gbhoW sriJ lo akioriiO £woI 
 
 AWOI flO^ ^HBHOteSIMMOO .8 U 
 
 ;3TAMn3TJA 
 .■i;/uJiHV/ .../. ., : .'. -. ^..:, .. J ^"- '^ - 
 
 .AWOI HO^ 8F3MO!88fMMOD .8 .U ^O QHAOS 8'MAMOV.^ -^aWPM 
 
 .?.biqj55i TtjsbaO .aajJlM ." .^yrtioM aaO 
 
 .33TAMfl3TJA 
 
 -TjiM'jvl .TViaO. .1 
 
 : ;ivuvi'-' _■ J '.'.■ i •' 
 .33TTIMMOO OMiTIOUA 
 .(■-iOITAiV-.HQ^Ml JAOlTSiTATS QkJA JAOiJ^OT3iri ,^AQ1DOJ03AHOHA -lO HOiTAjnTvlOO HC 
 
 .aT^aMTHAS-Civi: 
 
 itj^-ftioV/ 
 
 I>ii;>(0J5'I 
 
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 9«i5rrO . 
 
 
 
 uniM "<!•• 
 
 ,.-:-;niul»'I c'jCL .iiHAaO .ci 0>iiXln'7(' . . . ;->ajjJOOKa ,?iA;ii;jAaM .L AHOa'i .33M 
 
 .o-gboO: A'Z .:rfr'/:f.ox'T''T .1 tckoX ... .eTt/zIS fionnoO .TroaKal .O .J! .aaM 
 
Prayer by Rev. Thos. E. Green, D. D., 
 
 Chaplain of the First Regiment Iowa National Guard. 
 
 We praise Thee O I^ord: We acknowledge Thee to be the Lord. Thou art the ruler of the nations 
 and the King of Kings. B}^ Thy sovereign will have the bounds of the earth been set, and out of the 
 counsels of Thy wisdom have the nations been established. 
 
 We praise Thee for all Thy manifold mercies, and especially at this time for the Providence that called 
 into being this our western world, and has made and preserved for us our beloved nation. 
 
 And as we give Thee thanks so we supplicate Thy continued blessing. We pray for our land and 
 nation. Preserve it from peril, establish it in righteousness, and fill it with Thy fear and obedience to Thy 
 law. 
 
 Bless we beseech Thee the President of the United States; in this his hour of sore distress, manifest 
 to him the comforts of Thy grace. We pray for the Governor of our state, and for all who are over us in 
 authority. May they be men of clean hands and pure hearts, whose strength is in Thee and in Thy 
 righteousness. 
 
 Bless our Commonwealth. Save us from sin and iniquity and establish us in prosperity and peace. 
 
 Accept we beseech Thee the work which we now dedicate to humanity, and therefore to Thee. May 
 it serve its purpose in the advancement of Christian civilization, in the building up of the brotherhood of 
 humanity and the proclamation of the Fatherhood of our God. And so may Thy blessing be upon us, and 
 Thy mercy upon our children — and to Thee, Father, Son and Holy Ghost, shall be glory and honor, 
 now and evermore. Amen. 
 
,.Q .U ,n39iO .3 .duii f .vail yd i9Y£i4 
 
 snoiiBn f)ifi io islw^ ddi ii£ uojIT .bio J sili ed oi 99iIT a^bsIwonjIoB sW ibioyl O ssriT asisiq sY/" 
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 .bsrfgildijigs naad gnoiisn srfi avsrl mobaiw ^rlT io abgiruoD 
 baliBO ifiriJ 93nsJ3xvoi*I sril loi smii sirli is ^^IiBioaqga b«£ ^gaioism bloiinBm y;iiT IIb loiaari'T sgiBiq aW 
 
 .noiiBn bsvoIaJ ^^v^^g^^q buB sb&m e&d bn£ ,bhpw niaigsY/ luo grrii "gnisd o:trfi 
 
 bfrB ijiii^i ino loi Y^iq sW .•gniggsia Dsirrxiinoa ^rlT aiBoilqqag aw 08 gjlnfidi asrlT 9vi^ 3w 8£ bnA 
 yrlT '•^^ "'^"t'bado bcB ibo^ -■-^^'^ ■^'■— ■'' '"'^ "" • ■ - --:■ --■-):f-'- ?- rri H d?-^ :'-'■■:- '^-'t moii "' ■-■"9891*1 .noiifin 
 
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 rri 8ti fevo 91b oilv/ ffs foi bnB ,9i£i8 ijio io loniavoD 3di toi vBiq sY/ .gnrr-r-Q vrfT 'Jo gi-toimoo 9ffi mid o+ 
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 'fO"^ ' '•-'-' uj i> . ■'^Tbliii aoqix ^pisra ^flT 
 
Address of James O. Crosby, 
 
 President of the Iowa Columbian Commission. 
 
 National celebrations in great measure show forth the character 
 of the people constituting- the nation. 
 
 In early ages the conquests of arms were made the greatest occa- 
 sions for long- continued and enthusiastic celebrations, and the order 
 of exercises indicated what the people deemed best calculated to ex- 
 press their joy and admiration and to afford them their hig-hest 
 pleasure and g-ratification. 
 
 The savag-e chieftain celebrated his success upon the war path by 
 ' midnig-ht orgies with the weird war-dance and superstitious sacri- 
 fices. 
 
 In A. D. 70, a Roman army occupied Palestine menacing- Jerusa- 
 lem, because the Jews failed to pay to Rome the stipulated tribute 
 money. The presence of the army alone, was not enough to bring 
 the tribute, and Titus destroyed the city, razing its walls to the 
 ground. 
 
 He returned to Rome with 60,000 prisoners, and by the Senate was 
 accorded a triumphal procession. The prisoners built the Coliseum 
 with a seating- capacity of 87,000, and upon its completion in A. D. 
 80, One Hundred days were spent in celebrating- with g-ames and 
 shows, g-ladiatorial combats to the finish, and contests with wild 
 beasts. The triumphal arch of Titus and the Coliseum still stand 
 to perpetuate the fame and glory achieved in the destruction of 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 A few years later, when the emperor Trajan returned from the 
 Danube after his conquest of the Dacians, again the Coliseum was 
 thrown open, to celebrate his -victory, and for 120 days, for the en- 
 tertainment of the people, the Dacian prisoners were connielled to 
 fight with wild beasts and to butcher one another to make Roman 
 holiday. The statue of the Dying- Gladiator perpetuates the mem- 
 ory of that butchery, and the column of Trajan and the forum in 
 ruins, bearing- his name, are reminders of the history of the close 
 of the first, and the beg-inning- of the second centuries of the Chris- 
 tian Era. 
 
 The destructive wars of Napoleon Bonaparte are commemorated 
 in Paris by triumphal arches in Place du Carousel and Place de 
 I'Etoile ; and in Place Vendome rises a column modeled after the 
 column of Trajan. The galleries of France g-lare with hig-hly im- 
 ag-inative representations of the Napoleonic wars. A turn of the 
 kaleidoscope, and standing on the field of Waterloo, we see a mound 
 of earth ISO feet hig-h, on the summit of which the British Lion 
 triumphantly looks defiance over the site of Napoleon's headquarters 
 at Belle Alliance. 
 
 Pomp and glitter with the excitement and victories of war, have 
 educated men to hero worship of the military chieftain who throug-h 
 blood and carnage attains sig-nal victory ; and the sculptor's and 
 the painter's art are exhausted to cultivate admiration for militarj' 
 achievements ; and they are commemorated in song- and story. 
 
 In the prog-ress of the world's civilization, the cultivation of the 
 arts of peace is resulting in victories, which if not so g-littering-, are 
 more beneficial to mankind, lifting- them to a hig-her and better 
 plane of life. 
 
 Friendly contests among the nations in the arts, sciences and in- 
 dustries which benefit mankind, are celebrations that stimulate the 
 world to the building- up of all the nations, in those thing-s that 
 make a people great and prosperous and happy. Such are the con- 
 quests of peace. No ruined cities or devastated fields follow in the 
 jjath of such victories. From them some noble structures are left 
 as monuments to perpetuate their memory, like the beautiful Crystal 
 palace of Sydenham, the palaces of Industry and Trocadero in 
 Paris, and the Horticultural and Memorial Halls in Pairmount Park, 
 at Philadelphia. 
 
 When in 1876 our nation celebrated the centennial anniversary of 
 its birth by such an exhibition, the different sections of our Union 
 were drawn into closer relations of amit)', and our nation with the 
 other nations of the world ; while the central thoug-ht of Republi- 
 can Liberty, that "Mankind is capable of self government" was 
 sown like the seed of the sower that, in the parable, went forth to 
 sow. 
 
 Acts that are truly great and far-reaching in their influence, in 
 human estimation grow with the lapse of centuries. 
 
 Four hundred years ago, Christopher Columbus discovered 
 America, which in eft'ect was the discovery of a new world and join- 
 ing it to the old. For a brief period following his heroic discovery 
 he was treated with marked favor, but afterward, there were few to 
 do him honor, and neglected, he died in povert3^ After four centu- 
 ries his courage, skill, daring adventure and grand achievement 
 have come to be appreciated in the new world which he discovered, 
 and popular sentiment decreed that its fourth centennial must be 
 celebrated with a world's Fair. 
 
 The Congress of the United States recognized this decree in the 
 following words : " Whereas, it is fit and appropriate that the four 
 hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America be commemo- 
 rated by an exhibition of the resources of the United States of 
 America, their development, and of the progress of civilization in 
 
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the new world," and enacted that this commemoration shall be a 
 World's Columbian EJxposition to be inaug-urated in the j^ear 1892, in 
 the city of Chicagfo, in the state of Illinois. 
 
 The location was most happy, for its citizens, in leading- charac- 
 teristics, are like Columbus, energ-etic, courageous, daring and per- 
 severing. As the storm spirit was unable to deter the great naviga- 
 tor from pressing on in his voyage of discovery, so the fire fiend 
 spreading devastation through the heart of this city, sweeping away 
 its noblest structures like chaff before the wind, could not deter its 
 citizens from pressing forward in the building- of the finest and 
 greatest city that was ever constructed in so short a time, since the 
 creation of the world, and it has been truly said that one of the 
 greatest exhibits of the exhibition, will be the city of Chicago itself. 
 
 With characteristic energy and boldness they entered upon the 
 herculean task of preparing for the reception of the world upon a 
 scale of grandeur and magnificence never before equalled, and the 
 result of their labors is to-day before us. 
 
 While the bill was pending before Congress providing for the 
 Columbian Exposition, the 23rd General Assembly of the state of 
 Iowa, passed an act approved April 15th, 1890, making an appropria- 
 tion and providing for an Iowa Columbian Commission charged with 
 the duty of devising and executing plans to creditably represent at 
 such Exposition, the agricultural, mineral, mechanical, industrial, 
 educational and other resources and advantages of the state. 
 
 When the President of the United States in pursuance of the act 
 of Congress had issued his proclamation, our Commission issued an 
 address to the people of the state, invoking their aid to place Iowa 
 in her exhibit before the world in the position to which she is justly 
 entitled, that we might be enabled to compare with other states our 
 condition and capabilities, and our Nation with the other Nations, 
 and setting forth that this Exposition "will be a school of observa- 
 tion to the farmer, of technical education to the artisan, of design 
 to the manufacturer; it will stimulate progress in the sciences, arts 
 and industries that benefit mankind; it will advance knowledge, 
 dispel conceit and prejudice, and cultivate friendship between indi- 
 viduals. States and Nations." 
 
 " There is no other means of diffusing- knowledge in so short a 
 time, so wide and varied in its scope, to an extent so great and far 
 reaching in its refining- and elevating influence." 
 
 "It is desirable that the greatest possible number of our people 
 should attend the Exposition, and devote as much time as they can 
 give to the study of its mammoth collection of object lessons, for it 
 will be an opportunity the value of which is beyond computation." 
 
 It was deemed of first importance that a commodious building 
 should be erected as a headquarters for the numerous visitors from 
 our state that would avail themselves of the advantages here to be 
 gained, and an early application for a site on which to build, re- 
 sulted finally in the acquisition of this delightful location on the 
 
 shore washed by the waves of Michigan, the head of the great chain 
 of American lakes. 
 
 It is a fitting locality to serve as a headquarters for our beloved 
 state that lies within the embrace of the two great rivers of the 
 West, the Missouri and Mississippi, within that temperate zone that 
 gives health and vigor to its people;— and with a soil of great fer- 
 tility, irrigated by nature, seed time and harvest never fail. Prov- 
 idence has spread its gifts with bountiful hand throughout its 
 borders. 
 
 In 1854 when it became my home, there was not a mile of railway 
 within its limits, and the population numbered 326,000. Now, it is 
 enveloped in a network of 10,000 miles, extending into all of its 
 ninety-nine counties, affording railway facilities for its 2,000,000 in- 
 habitants and its $474,000,000 worth of annual products. This marks 
 the progress of Iowa. 
 
 Designed by Iowa Architects, Josselyn and Taylor of Cedar 
 Rapids, under the supervision of the Executive Committee, Commis- 
 sioners Mallory, Packard and Seaman, this structure has been pre- 
 pared in which to install a collective exhibit of Iowa products, not 
 for competition, but to show the wealth of the resourses of our 
 state. 
 
 Spacious apartments are provided, attractively decorated, in part 
 by the skill and labors of the ladies of our state generously con- 
 tributed, for the accommodation of Iowa visitors, where kindlj' 
 attention will be cheerfully bestowed to minister to their comfort 
 and make their stay pleasant ; a place to welcome friends, to greet 
 the stranger, to write and to receive letters, to read the home papers, 
 to gain information in general about the exposition ; a place where 
 weary ones can rest and be thankful that thej' are citizens of the 
 Hawkeye State ; in short, as complete a home as we can make it, 
 and from its highest pinnacle floats our National Banner ; 
 
 "As it floated long before us. 
 Be it ever floating o'er us. 
 
 O'er our land from shore to shore ; 
 There are freemen yet to wave it. 
 Millions who would die to save it. 
 
 Wave it, save it evermore." 
 
 In its constellation of states there will be no star that in patriot- 
 ism shall shine brighter than Iowa. 
 
 And now in behalf of the Iowa Columbian Commission, to you 
 Governor Boies, as the chief Executive Officer of the State of Iowa, 
 I present this structure, to be by you dedicated to the uses and pur- 
 poses for which it is designed. 
 
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Dedication by his Excellency, Horace Boies, Governor of Iowa. 
 
 Mr. President of the Iowa Columbian Commission : 
 
 I am assured by those who have perfected the arrangements for this occasion that the duty assigned 
 me is a purely formal one. 
 
 Before discharging this, permit me in behalf of the people of our state to express to you and those as- 
 sociated with you their gratitude for the faithful and efficient manner in which you have discharged your 
 duties as members of that Commission, and the pride we all feel in the work you have thus far accom- 
 plished. 
 
 And now, Mr. President, as the representative of the citizens of Iowa, I accept from your hands this 
 beautiful edifice and in their name dedicate it to the noble purposes for which it was constructed, hoping 
 it will largely assist in bringing to the attention of the world the many advantages of the state whose 
 munificent bounty has produced it. And to the President of the World's Columbian Kxposition, for and in 
 behalf of my people, I tender this building a contribution from their hands to the great work over which 
 he has been called to preside, believing it worthy of those who present it, and hoping it will prove of sub- 
 stantial assistance in the accomplishment of that grand success which we earnestly pray may crown his 
 efforts and make this the greatest and the best of all the World's Expositions. 
 
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The Ballad of Columbus, by Maj. S. H. M. Byers. 
 Read by Mrs. Lucia Gale Barber. 
 
 (Copyrighted) 
 
 It was fourteen hundred and ninety-two, 
 
 The close of the New Year's daj'. 
 When the armies of Catholic Ferdinand, 
 The flower of all the Spanish land, 
 At the sieg-e of Granada lay. 
 
 Ten thousand foot and ten thousand horse 
 
 And ten thousand men with bows 
 Were on the left, and as many more 
 Had stormed close up to the city's door. 
 Where the Darrow River flows. 
 
 And the king- held levee, for on that day 
 
 Great news had come to court — 
 How on the morrow the town would yield. 
 And the flajr of Spain, with the yellow field. 
 Would floa- from the Moorish fort. 
 
 There were princely nobles and hig'h grandees 
 
 That night in the royal tent ; 
 And the beautiful queen with the g-olden hair 
 And shining armor and sword was there — 
 
 On the king's right arm she leant. 
 
 It was nine, and the old Alhambra bells 
 
 Tolled out on the moonlit air ; 
 And over the battlements far there came 
 The murmuring- sound of Allah's name. 
 And the Moorish troops at prayer. 
 
 Then spake a guest at the king's right hand : 
 
 "To-morrow the end will be ; 
 Hast thou not said, when the war is done 
 And the Christ flag floats o'er the Moslem one, 
 
 Thou wouldst keep thy promise to rae ? 
 
 "Thou wouldst give rae ships, and wouldst give me men 
 
 Who would dare to follow me ? 
 Help thou this night with thy royal hand. 
 And I'll make thee king of a new-found land 
 
 And king of a new-found sea. 
 
 "For the world is round, and a ship may sail 
 
 Straight on with the setting Sun, 
 Beyond Atlantis a thousand miles. 
 Beyond the peaks of the golden isles. 
 
 To the Ophir of Solomon. 
 
 "So I'll find new roads to the golden isles. 
 
 To the gardens that bloom alway. 
 To the treasure-quarries of Ispahan, 
 The sunlit hills of the mighty Khan, 
 And the wonders of far Cathay. 
 
 "And gold I'll bring from the islands fair. 
 
 And riches of palm and fir 
 Thou Shalt have, my king ; and the lords of Spain 
 Shall march with the Christ flag once again. 
 
 And rescue the Sepulchre," 
 
 "And were it true that the world is round. 
 
 And not like an endless plain. 
 Were our good king's vessels the seas to ride 
 Adown the slope of the world's great side, 
 
 How would they get up again? 
 
 " And the land of the fabled antipodes 
 
 Was a wonderful land to see, 
 Where people stand with their heads on the ground. 
 And their feet in the air, while the world spins 
 round " — 
 
 And they all laughed merrily. 
 
 But the king- laughed not, though he scarce believed 
 
 The things that his ears had heard ; 
 And he thought full long of the promise fair. 
 And he knew that the day and the hour were there. 
 
 If a king were to keep his word. 
 
 So he said, "For a while, for a little while, 
 
 Let it bide, for the cost is great ; " 
 But the guest replied ; "Nay, seven years 
 I have waited on with ray hopes and fears ; 
 
 And soon it will be too late." 
 
 Then spake the queen, "Be it done for me. 
 
 Here are jewels for woe or weal ; " 
 And she took the gems from her shining hair. 
 And the priceless pearls she was wont to wear. 
 
 And she said, "For ray own Castile." 
 
 "Hark ! " said the king, as he heard the sound, 
 "Hark, hark ! to you bells refrain — 
 
 Five hundred years it has called the Moor ; 
 
 This night, and 'twill call him nevermore— 
 To-morrow 'twill ring for Spain ' " 
 
 But the nobles smiled and the prelates sneered. 
 
 With many a scornful fliug ; 
 "Had not the wisest already said 
 It was but the scheme of an empty head. 
 
 And no fit thing for a king V 
 
 There were three ships sailing from Palos town. 
 
 Ere the noon of a summer's day. 
 And the people looked at the ships and said, 
 "God pity their souls, for they all are dead ; " 
 
 But the ships went down the bay. 
 
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And an east wind blew, and the convent bells 
 Rang' out in sweet accord, 
 
 And the master stood on the deck and cried, 
 "We sail in the name of the Crucified, 
 With the flag of Christ our Lord'." 
 
 It was twelve that night when a breeze sprang fresh. 
 
 As if from a land close bj", 
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 "God only knows what next is ahead — 
 
 Or if to-morrow we die." 
 
 Twelve months have passed, and the king again 
 
 Holds levee with all his train. 
 And Columbus sits at the king's right hand. 
 And, whether on sea or upon the land. 
 
 Is the greatest man in Spain. 
 
 They were ten daj's out when a storm wind blew- 
 
 Ten days from the coast of Spain — 
 And the sailors shrived each other and said, 
 " God help us now, or we all are dead ! 
 
 We shall never see land again. " 
 
 It was two by the clock on the ship next morn. 
 
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 When, lo! there's aery of "A light, a light!" 
 
 And a shout of " The land, the land !" 
 
 And the queen has honored him most of all -— 
 
 She has taken him by the hand: 
 " Don Christopher thou shalt be called away: " 
 And a golden cross on his heart there lay. 
 
 And over his breast a band. 
 
 They were twelve days out when an ocean rock 
 
 Burst forth in a sea of fire. 
 As if each peak and each lava cliff 
 Of the red-hot sides of TenerifEe, 
 
 Where a sea-king's funeral pyre. 
 
 There were weeping eyes, there were pressing hands, 
 
 Till the dawn of that blessed day; 
 When the admiral, followed by all his train. 
 With the flag of Christ and the flag of Spain, 
 
 Rode proudly up the bay. 
 
 And ships she gave, and a thousand men. 
 
 With nobles and knights in train; 
 And again the convent bells they rung. 
 And the praise of his name was on every tongue. 
 
 And he sailed for the west again — 
 
 And the sailors crossed themselves and said, 
 
 "Alas, for the day we swore 
 To follow a reckless adventurer — 
 Though it be at last to the Sepulchre — 
 
 In search of an unknown shore. " 
 
 In robes of scarlet and princely gold. 
 
 On the New World's land the.v kneel; 
 In the name of Christ, whom all adore. 
 They christened the island San Salvador, 
 For the crown of their own Castile. 
 
 To the hundred islands and far away 
 
 In the heats of the torrid zone. 
 To gardens as fair as Hesperides, 
 To spice-grown forests, and scented seas 
 Where no sails had ever blown; 
 
 And they spoke of the terror that lay between. 
 
 Of the hurricanes born of hell. 
 Of the sunless seas that forever roar. 
 Where the moon had perished long years before. 
 
 When an evil spirit fell 
 
 And the simple islanders gazed in awe 
 On the •' gods from another sphere; " 
 And they brought them gifts of the Yuca bread. 
 And golden trinkets, and parrots red. 
 And showed them the islands near. 
 
 And up and down by the New World's coast. 
 
 And over the western main. 
 With but the arms of his own true word, 
 He lifted the flag of the blessed Lord 
 
 And the flag of the land of Spain. 
 
 And ever the winds blew west, blew west, 
 
 And the ships blew over the main. 
 "They are cursed winds," the mariners said, 
 "That blow us forever ahead — ahead; 
 They will never blow back to Spain." 
 
 They told of the lords of a golden house, 
 
 Of the mountains of Cibao, 
 The cavern where once the moon was born. 
 The hills that waken the sun at morn. 
 
 And the isles where the spices grow. 
 
 And he gave them all to the king and queen. 
 
 And riches of things untold; 
 And never a ship that crossed the sea 
 But brought them tokens from fruit and tree. 
 
 And gems from the land of gold. 
 
 But the master cited the Holy Writ; 
 
 And he told of a vision fair. 
 How a shining angel would show the way 
 To the Indus Isles and the sweet Cathay, 
 
 And he "knew they were almost there." 
 
 From isle to island the ships flew on. 
 
 Like white birds on the main. 
 Till the master said, " With my flags unfurled, 
 I have opened the gates of another world — 
 
 I will carry the news to Spain." 
 
 Three times he had sailed to his new-found world. 
 Five times he had crossed the main. 
 
 When, walking once by the sea, he heard. 
 
 By secret letter or secret word. 
 Of a murderous plot in Spain — 
 
 But a sea-calm came, and the ships stood still. 
 
 And the sails drooped idle and low, 
 And a seaweed covered the vasty deep 
 As darkness covers a world in sleep. 
 And they feared for the rocks below. 
 
 It was seven months since at Palos town. 
 
 Ere the noon of that summer's day. 
 The good ships sailed, with their flags unfurled. 
 In search of another and far-off world — 
 And again they are in the bay. 
 
 How that envious persons about the court 
 Had poisoned the mind of the king 
 
 By many a letter of false report, 
 
 By base suspicion of evil sort. 
 And words with a traitorous sting 
 
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And the king-, half eag-er to hear the worst. 
 
 For he never had been a friend, 
 Believed it all, and he rued the hour 
 He g^ave to the master rank and power. 
 And resolved it should have an end. 
 
 But little it helped, or the king-'s false smile. 
 
 As he sat in his robes of state; 
 For wrong- is wrong-, if in hut or hall. 
 And the right were as well not done at all. 
 
 If done, alas ! too late. 
 
 But alas for man, and alas for queen. 
 
 And alas for hopes so sped! 
 He had onl3- come to the castle g-ate. 
 When the warder said, " It is late — too late, 
 
 For the queen, she is lying dead. 
 
 So with cold pretence of the truth to hear. 
 
 And wilh heart that was false as base, 
 A ship was hurried across the main. 
 With Bobadilla. false knight of Spain, 
 To take the admiral's place. 
 
 And little it helped if, here and there, 
 
 The mantle of favor stole 
 Across his shoulders, to hide the stain 
 Of a broken heart or a broken chain — 
 
 They had burned too deep in his soul. 
 
 And the king- forg-ot what the fair, good queen 
 
 With her dj'ing- lips had said; 
 And he who had given a world to Spain 
 Had never a roof for himself again. 
 
 And he wished that he, too, were dead. 
 
 O that kings should ever unkingly be! 
 
 O that men should ever forget! 
 For that fatal hour the false knight came, 
 To the king's disgrace and the great world's shame 
 
 The star of Columbus set. 
 
 So the years crept by, and the cold neglect 
 
 Of kings, that will come the while; 
 Forever and ever 'lis still the same — 
 Short-lived's the glory of him whose fame. 
 Depends upon a prince's smile. 
 
 Slow tolled the bells of old Seville town. 
 
 At noon of a summer's daj; 
 For up in a chamber in 3-onder inn. 
 Close by the street, with its noise and din. 
 
 The heart of the New World lay. 
 
 They took the queen's cross from off his breast, 
 
 And chains thev gave him instead; 
 And iron gyves on his wrists tney put. 
 Vile fetters framed for each hand and foot — 
 " 'Twere better they left him dead." 
 
 And long- he thought, could he see the queen. 
 
 Could he speak with her face to face, 
 She would know the truth and would be again 
 What once she was, ere his hopes were slain; 
 And he sighed in his lonely place. 
 
 Perhaps the king, on his throne close by. 
 
 No thought to the tolling gave; 
 But over a world, far up and down. 
 They heard the bells of Seville town. 
 And they stood by an open grave. 
 
 For he who was first of the new-found world, 
 
 And bravest upon the main. 
 Who had found the isles of the fabled gold. 
 And the far-off lands that his faith foretold. 
 
 Was dragged like a felon to Spain. 
 
 Add on a day when he seemed forgot. 
 
 And darker the fates, and grim, 
 A letter came, 'twas the queen's command, 
 " Come straight to court," in her own fair hand. 
 
 And she would be true to him. 
 
 And the Seville bells, they are ringing still, 
 Through the centuries far and dim; 
 
 And though it is but the common lot 
 
 Of men to die, and to be forgot. 
 They will ring forever for him. 
 
 But the whole world heard the clank of his chains. 
 
 When he landed in Cadiz bay; 
 And fearing the taunt and the curse and scoff. 
 The false king hurried to take them off. 
 
 At the pier where the old ship lay. 
 
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Oration by Judge Edward P. Seeds. 
 
 As citizens of the Commonwealth of Iowa, we have gathered 
 here upon the shores of the ever-throbbing' lake, whose waves kiss a 
 landscape spreading away to the west in one long vista of grassy, 
 cultivated beauty; here in this wonderful city of Chicago, — the 
 most marvelous evolution of municipal growth, business energy and 
 unconquerable faith known in history, for the purpose of dedicating 
 this building to the services of the Columbian Exposition, in exhibit- 
 ing in material form the growth of our noble state. The purpose, 
 the place, the time are all filled with inspiration, and, let us hope, 
 prophetic of splendid victory for good government and individual 
 character. The States of our Union are here in no jealous rivalry. 
 Each glories in the garnered results of all the others. They were 
 born into the life of our Republic at different times and sprang from 
 various and dissimilar causes. They have not alike the same num- 
 ber of talents, but none, upon this occasion, brings her talents with- 
 out usury, or tarnished with the dirt of burial. Each commonwealth 
 pours into the lap of this wonderful city the richest productions of 
 her farms, the surprising creations of her workshops, the varied pro- 
 duct of her roaring furnaces and busy manufactories, the noblest 
 and best results of her intellectual efforts: in fact all that is truest 
 and best in her history. And this, that the citizenship of the world 
 may see and realize that our people have been blest, materially and 
 intellectually, and we hope spiritually, as no other people upon the 
 earth; that other nations as they study this wide-spread and far- 
 reaching expansion of life may take therefrom inspiration to utilize 
 and adopt all that is truly good and wise in our growth. Each state, 
 necessarily, from its geographical position, its climatic conditions, 
 and other physical environments, together with its historical devel- 
 opment, has an individuality peculiarly its own. Upon such occa- 
 sions as these, when for months the state will stand forth in the full 
 light of day, " to be seen and read of all men," that individuality 
 becomes dynamic in its expression; it prompts the state to spread a 
 wide canvass, and to paint her picture in grand relief; to lay the 
 colors on with a heavy brush, yet with the touch of a skilled artist; 
 to so arrange the background as to catch the light of history at 
 every coigne of vantage. The artist who paints this picture for 
 
 Iowa must not only be a master in technique, an adept in coloring, 
 and skilled with the brush, but beyond and above all, he must have 
 the inspiration of the poet, and the vision of the prophet in order 
 that the grace and charm which clings to such a subject, like the 
 perfume to the rose, may be caught and made to live. The speaker 
 is aware that he is not the artist which such a work of art demands; 
 but he trusts that he may gather into a general outline the promi- 
 nent facts of Iowa's short and luminous history, and so present 
 them that your loyal and loving imaginations may fill up the out- 
 line with beauty, and so be held in proud remembrance until the 
 artist shall come to paint our picture in elegant and charming prose 
 for the delight of the future. That such an artist will come admits 
 not of a doubt. A great occasion demands and will produce its in- 
 terpreter. 
 
 Geographically Iowa is centrally located in relation to the terri- 
 tory of our nation, and is located in fruitful embrace by two of the 
 mightiest rivers of the earth — the Mississippi and the Missouri. 
 While upon the north and south it is bounded by the two powerful 
 and growing states of Minnesota and Missouri respectively. Within 
 the area so circumscribed lies 55,000 square miles of the most pro- 
 ductive, well watered, undulating and beautiful land that the sun 
 enriches with its wealth of heat and light in all its yearly journey. 
 There is probably less waste land to the amount of arable land than 
 in any equal area of soil in the wide world. Its position too, as to 
 climatic conditions could not well be improved; in the winters the 
 cold is of that bracing, invigorating character, which locks and 
 conserves the productive elements of the soil, and at the same time 
 makes vigorous and vitally active the powers of the human body; 
 while the warmth of our summers brings into lavish activity all of 
 the productive forces of our protean soil. Our springs and autumns 
 are nature's poems; filled with the music of purling streams, the 
 anthems of rustling leaves and soughing- branches, the melody of 
 the sweet-voiced meadow-lark; made beauteous with the profusion 
 of prairie flowers — the butter-cup, the daisy, the violet and golden- 
 rod; and glory crowned with the yellow, rvisset, brown and red of 
 autumnal fruitage. A beautiful land indeed ! The seat of no fabled 
 
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Hesperides, but a present and visible paradise full of unnumbered 
 beauties. Historically our commonwealth has but recently become 
 a product of articulate Time. For three centuries after the discov- 
 ery of this continent our land slept in the bosom, of the great unknown, 
 with only an occasional whisper that there was a land " of pure de- 
 lig-ht " far beyond the towering- heig-hts of the AUeg-henies. When 
 the cruel and senseless edicts of king's and the fierce oppression of 
 big-otry in the old world was driving- the brave and true-hearted into 
 the rug-g-ed wilderness of our Atlantic coast, the land now known as 
 Iowa was the home of the buffalo and the Indian. The population 
 upon our eastern shores had become quite numerous; the first stir- 
 ringfs of National life were being felt; the prophecies of a New Nation 
 were being- uttered, when in 1673, Joliet and Marquette, two French 
 missionaries, floating- upon the placid waters of the Mississippi first 
 g-azed upon the flower-decked prairies of our Iowa. The white man 
 was now looking- upon a far-reaching- picture of Nature's loveliness, 
 and we may well believe that visions of future g-reatness, as to the 
 occupants of the land before him, began to take shape in his histor- 
 ical consciousness; a vision not unfolded in words, but handed down 
 from g-eneration to g-eneration, with the potency of unuttered 
 thought, until it burst into a reality in this century. The two mis- 
 sionaries must pass away, and a century sift its dust upon their 
 tombs, ere that vision begins to assume form and fashion; a cen- 
 tury of struggle and storm; a century in which freedom, emerging 
 from the pit of slavery, grapples in deadly strife with monarchical 
 pretension and aristocratic greed and triumphs. A century with- 
 out which the history of Iowa might have been one of darkness and 
 sorrow, instead of joy and gladness. During these years, slow 
 going the population upon the Atlantic coast increased greatly, 
 and pushed, amid multitudinous difiiculties, over the mountain wall, 
 and obtained a footing upon the eastern edge of the Mississippi 
 valley. Not until 1788 did any white man look again upon the soil of 
 Iowa. Then it was that Julien Dubuque, a French Canadian, staked 
 a claim upon the picturesque site of the present prosperous, wealthy 
 and enlightened city named for himself. The vision of the Frenchmen 
 of a century before had begun to take form. Iowa was to be. Be- 
 ginnings are proverbially slow. The inertia of great masses is not 
 easily overcome. The wider the room in which any given expansive 
 force is to act, the less effective the force; so it was onlj- when the 
 energy, hope and practical business activity of the people in the 
 eastern portion of our country became so confined as to need an out- 
 let, that the population rolled through and over the magnificent 
 
 states of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois and entered into the Promised 
 L,and. It was about the year 1833 that this onward moving tide of 
 civilization first made permanent settlement upon the eastern bor- 
 ders of our state. A j'ear or so on either side of that date is imma- 
 terial to the general fact. The places upon which they pitched their 
 tents were pleasant to look upon, but there was nothing about them 
 to suggest that in a few short years those sites would be occupied by 
 the energetic, progressive and handsome cities of Keokuk, Ft. 
 Madison, Burlington, Davenport, Muscatine and Dubuque. Gathered 
 at nightfall around their camp-fires, these pilgrims of the prairies, 
 tired, lonely and nodoubt homesick, their eyes may have been rested 
 and their souls exalted, by gazing upon a scene more enchanting 
 than any of the marvelous creations of a Michael Angelo; a scene 
 to them of passing beauty simply, but in truth a scene fresh from 
 the brush of the great Creator and carrying- in it a prophecy of the 
 future. At their feet moving in majestic grandeur were the blue 
 waters of the Mississippi; its waves, faintly breaking on the grassy 
 banks, seemed to the homeless pilgrims, to be chanting a requium 
 over their happy past, and yet its music entered into their unuttered 
 musings with that gentle touch of nature which soothes and at the 
 same time engenders courage. The wide, rolling, grass-covered 
 prairies stretched in unbroken loveliness, except where broken by 
 the rippling waters of the merry stream, far into the west; there 
 the great luminary of day was just sinking from sight, bathing the 
 earth and sky in one transcendent flood of golden light; just before 
 it sinks behind the golden-tipped line of our western boundary, there 
 might have been seen athwart its red disk the rushing, plunging 
 shadow of the buffalo, and closely following the dark, savage sil- 
 houette of a red warrior, his form erect and defiant, his visage stern 
 with wrath yet over it all the shadowed fear of final defeat; for one 
 moment he stands in haughty defiance, and then warrior and buf- 
 falo plunge in the Sun and are gone. As the myriad stars, in their 
 silvery splendor, swing out their lights in the dark vault of heaven, 
 the lonely pioneers on the margin of the river might have guessed 
 the prophecy in the scene — the dawn had risen upon Iowa, and its 
 ancient denizens must depart. 
 
 Let us for a moment consider who these pioneers were, and what 
 their character, as they stand upon our soil for the first time in 1833. 
 This is an initial point in our history — in truth, here and with these 
 men and women our history begins. Previous to this time Iowa is 
 mentioned only in connection with other large areas of land; its ex- 
 istence had been but a whispered one; it had no civilization, it had 
 
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no promise. But now we are in the presence of the genesis of a 
 commonwealth — and what it shall ^^ depends upon what those home- 
 less wanderers were. They were to be the fathers and mothers of a 
 people who now and here proudly and confidently challenge the ad- 
 miration of the world. Is our challeng-e justified ? Who were the 
 pioneers of 1833 ? They were the commonality from the states of 
 New England, New York, Ohio and Indiana; men and women who 
 thought that they could make more of life and its opportunity in the 
 far west. They had descended from a yeoman stock that had upon 
 innumerable battle fields in this and the old world defended the 
 rights of man. Were they a people blessed with an abundance of 
 material wealth ? Far from it. They may have had the bare neces- 
 sities of life, but that was all. But in their characters they had the 
 wealth of the ages; their souls were filled with that indomitable 
 courage which knows no moral fear; their minds were stored with 
 that wholesome knowledge which teaches one to grasp at Nature's 
 resources and transmute them into agencies for man's benefaction; 
 they possessed a faith that surmounted the things of time and sense, 
 and sa,w the completion of man's nature in the radiant beauty of a 
 higher life. They were not educated in the learned institutions of 
 the east; but they had studied deeply in the University of Nature 
 and had treasured up and made a part of themselves her lessons of 
 manhood and womanhood. They knew the value of education 
 though, and sacrificed much that those who came after them might 
 drink deep and long at the fountains of knowledge. They never 
 had rested in the lap of luxury, but they had learned well that les- 
 son, first taught by the Almighty, that labor is honorable in all 
 men; and that the sun-browned face and the calloused hand is the 
 best diploma man can possess. In the presence of such evidences of 
 graduation from God's University the dilettanteism of the 400, the 
 sensualism of the court, and the aristocracy of slavery alike shrink 
 away. Those women may not have graced the salons of the rich 
 and cultured; their forms may never have been robed with the silks 
 and satins of the orient; their days were probably spent in the hard 
 cares of household drudgery; but in nobility of soul, in sweetness of 
 disposition, earnestness of character and true courage they never had 
 superiors. Their kisses were inspirations, their smiles were bene- 
 dictions, while their words of love and instruction wrought miracles 
 in the human soul. Motherhood never found more lovely caskets 
 than in those lonely, unknown, immortal women who watched by 
 the river brink in 1833. From such women are born noble sons and 
 lovely daughters; sons and daughters who rear monuments more 
 
 durable than stone or brass to their memory as they build a com- 
 monwealth founded in courage, love and truth. Those men and 
 women have gone to their reward, but the soil of Iowa is sanctified 
 by the presence therein of their dust. May we hold them in sweet 
 and lasting remembrance ! 
 
 From this time forward our history becomes more marked and 
 important. In 1846, after various efforts, Iowa took her place in the 
 sisterhood of states. There she has taken an important place. In 
 every effort for the amelioration of the condition of humanity she 
 has been in the foremost ranks. She determinedly set her face like a 
 flint against the crime of slavery; and when that crime had brought 
 upon this Nation the mad passion of war, she sent to the front 
 75,000 of her sons to emphasize her protest against the wickedness 
 of that system; to aid in maintaining the integrity of the Union; to 
 uphold the nobility of manual labor. Into the varied character of 
 our history since we became a state, other than it is developed irx 
 our industrial, intellectual and moral growth, we can not enter to- 
 day. Industrially, our progress has been phenominal; and its direc- 
 tion and amount is the necessary outgrowth of our conditions and 
 personal characteristics. It is no easy undertaking to present in a 
 compact form, and j'et vividly, the many factors which go to make 
 up the industrial life of a people; to bring before your imagination 
 the thousands and thousands of acres of grain, waving in the sum- 
 mer's breeze; to present to you the equal or greater acreage of maize, 
 which stands like great banks of swajang emerald, until by the 
 alchemy of the Sun's rays it is transmuted into fields of gold; to 
 lead before you the countless herds of meek-eyed kine, and recite to 
 you the tales of their production of milk and butter — tales which 
 sound like stories of the Arabian Knights, but are true as Holy 
 Writ itself; to ask you to listen to the rolling thunder as it tells of 
 the approach of an army of horses which equal in speed, beauty and 
 power the far famed steeds of Araby the Blest; to summon from a 
 hundred thousand farms the innumerable concourse of Chicago 
 jewels, and hush their unmelodious voices in your presence; to take 
 you into our myriad workshops, and into the darkness of our mines 
 of coal and there show you our intelligent artisans turning the 
 crude material into articles of use and beauty; to take you along our 
 handsome streets, and broad highways and with conscious pride 
 point you to our palatial stores, our humming factories, our noble 
 public buildings, and tell you how they are all developed from the 
 crude, inartistic buildings of 1846 — in a word, to hang before you a 
 word-painting, even in faint outline, that would do justice to Iowa's 
 
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 -hr. o.'^if a-gnallijjia vlixiabftxtoo baji '^Ibuoiq aiari Jjns woa od'u afqooq 
 
 . 3w OffW 'i baftiiauj; a-gnalljsrfa too al .blio-w adi io noiifiitnt 
 
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 arii babtiaiab bltoyr bfo adi bnfi »idl ai ablaft afiisd otdsiotattnni 
 
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 iitsssd insibBt 3Ai ai & oiiaXqmoo jarfi wjsa bnjs 
 
 : - diioiiJJiiiant bairt^al arfi ni Hisia-j'jiJd ion. a-iaw ij^arlT .aiil lari^irf 
 
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present grandeur is for me impossible. I can only submit to you a 
 column of figures — the driest of facts — the indices simply of the 
 possible, for they can not, in truth, unfold to you the fact. Nor can 
 I give you the figures for a series of years, for it would be too volu- 
 minous, and make of this faint effort of an oration a catalogue of 
 names and figures, instead of an inspiration, as it ought to be. I 
 have chosen as years for comparison 1849-50 and the year 1891. In 
 so doing I have chosen the earlier year somewhat arbitrarily, and 
 with no idea of picking out one of less relative prosperity than 
 those immediately preceding it, but mainly because I have had 
 access to the statistics of that year and not to those preceding it. 
 The time which has elapsed from 1850 to last year is indeed short, it 
 is but a span, and yet what a marvelous growth is exhibited by this 
 small array of figures! To understand how incomprehensible these 
 figures are, you have but to ascertain the ratio of increase for any 
 given number of years, say five, and applj' that to the half century 
 of our existence as a state, and the result will surprise you by its 
 vastness. In 1850 our population was 192,124, or about one-sixth as 
 many as now inhabit this one city; at the present time our popula- 
 tion is at least 2,000,000. This represents the unity of our present 
 brain power. 
 
 In 1849-50 our industrial condition stood about as follows: 
 
 Wheat, bushels 1,530,581 
 
 Oats, " 1,524,345 
 
 Corn, " 8,656,799 
 
 Potatoes, " 282,368 
 
 Butter, pounds 2,171,188 
 
 Cheese, " 209,840 
 
 Horses 38,536 
 
 Cows 45,704 
 
 Swine 323,247 
 
 Other cattle 91,000 
 
 Sheep 149,%0 
 
 Value of live stock on farms $3,689,275 
 
 At the first glance these figures may seem large, and to the 
 average citizen, who has no occasion to hunt about in musty records 
 or to burden his mind with figures, it may seem that any enlarge- 
 ment of them to any great extent will be an attempt to impose upon 
 one's credulity. When we strike the million figure we have about 
 reached the limit of average computations, and anything above it 
 has the air of oriental exaggeration. However that may be the 
 following statement of production is substantially correct, and in- 
 
 dicates what Iowa citizens accomplished along one channel of their 
 activity in 1891. 
 
 Corn, bushels, 335,031,598 
 
 Wheat, " 27,586,000 
 
 Oats, " 115,810,800 
 
 Rye, " 2,051,400 
 
 Barley, " 4,528,669 
 
 Potatoes," 25,828,250 
 
 Hay, tons 5,582,800 
 
 Butter, pounds 168,690,715 
 
 Cheese, " , 5,000,000 
 
 Horses 1,095,300 
 
 Mules 42,739 
 
 Sheep 452,000 
 
 Hogs 5,921,100 
 
 Milch cows 1,278,612 
 
 Other cattle 2,680.247 
 
 These amounts, together with various smaller items, which be- 
 long to the part of our industry known as agricultural, aggregate 
 in money value the enormous sum of S474,097,710. Are 5'ou able to 
 comprehend it ? But this is not all there is of our industrial life. 
 Take our coal. Nearly one-half of our state is underlaid with this 
 heat producer. It is produced in 26 Counties. During the year 1889 
 there was mined 4,061,704 tons, valued at $5,392,220 ; and there was 
 distributed in wages among 9,198 emploj-ees $2,903,291. 
 
 It must not be forgotten that in 1850 the production of coal was 
 of little consequence ; and at the same time our manufactories 
 amounted to nothing. It is true that we are principally an agri- 
 cultural state, but that does not preclude the possibility of our 
 having a large capital in manufactories. The truth is that we have 
 over $100,000,000, invested in those institutions, and there is hardl3' a 
 town of three thousand inhabitants in our state, from which maj' not 
 be seen daily the smoke from a factory. This accumulation of ever- 
 changing forms of wealth is carried from place to place, from farm 
 to market by means of over 8,440 miles of rail waj's, the total earn- 
 ings of which in 1890 was $43,102,399. ; and the number of employees 
 was 27,580. 
 
 A fair index of the industrial standing of a people may readily 
 be gained by consulting the bank accounts. Last year in the sav- 
 ings banks (and thej' usuall5' represent the common laborer,) the 
 deposits aggregated $20,821,495. While in the state banks the de- 
 posits were $12,960,211. It is hardly possible that any citizen of this 
 
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proud Nation, whether his home be in Maine or Texas, or in our own 
 loved state, can be other than greatly pleased by such a showing of 
 the industrial forces of one of the Commonwealths of our land. But 
 if this was all that we had to bring- to this exhibition, if we only 
 had the material to call the world's attention to, I question if we 
 would have much worthy a noble people's consideration. Thank God 
 that our material is but the pedestal upon which is reared a char- 
 acter for true manhood and womanhood unsurpassed, as I believe, 
 in the whole world ! And that character has for its inner motive 
 the intellectual and m^oral life of our people. Our intellectual life is 
 represented principally by two factors ; the common school sys- 
 tem, together with its cognate system of higher education, and the 
 public press. In 1850 the number of schools were few indeed ; the 
 accommodations poor and the system of education crude and mechan- 
 ical in the extreme^ In 1891 the statistics of the common schools 
 were as follows: 
 
 Children of school age 668,541 
 
 Enrolled in public schools 503,755 
 
 No. of teachers 26.769 
 
 No. of school houses 13,129 
 
 Value of school houses $13,184,914 
 
 The total expenditure for school purposes is now over $6,000,000 
 annually. We have over 20 institutions entirely given to higher 
 education. The character of our instruction in these schools is of 
 the higfhest. Our teachers are in the front ranks as educa- 
 tors, and are ready and anxious to adopt all improved methods 
 whereby our children may obtain the requisite knowledge for 
 life's work in the most scientific manner. That our educa- 
 tional system is doing good work, and is entitled to our 
 most earnest praise and acknowledgement is shown in the fact, 
 that in 1880 and 1890 the census showed that our people had the least 
 amount of illiteracy among them of any state in the Union, and of a 
 consequence of any people on the earth. The greatest power to-day 
 for all purposes is the Press. Find the general character of that 
 instrument of progress and you can at once tell the general 
 character of the people. 
 
 The press takes up the ideas, the thoughts, the aspirations of a 
 people and spreads them broad cast. It makes possible the perma- 
 nent good accomplished bj' the schools, though, unfortunately, it 
 may be the active means of turning the rational product of the 
 school to bad ends. In our state in 1850 the press was of that crude 
 make that characterized all the instruments of progress of that day. 
 
 There were but a dozen or so of papers published in our wide domain, 
 and they were principally g-iven to the spreading of local news. 
 The telegraph and the railroad had not at that time made it possible 
 to bring daily to the editor's table the facts of the world, and hence 
 he did not see or feel the necessity of writing leaders which should 
 present the good or bad principles behind the daily facts for the 
 consideration of the people. Now that is all changed ; not alone do 
 the papers come to our homes laden with a multiplicity of fact but 
 there is with them the editorial, from which the newspaper takes a 
 large part of its character. In 1890 there were published in our 
 state 756 newspapers. Of these 47 were daily and 646 were weekly, 
 the balance being tri-weekly, monthlj' and fortnightly. Our daily 
 press is exceptionally free from the vice of some of the metropolitan 
 dailies, which find their g-reatest force in spreading, with g-reat 
 particularity the latest social scandal, the brutal action of things, 
 masquerading- as men, in their efforts to eclipse the dogs in fighting, 
 or in retailing fully the rascality of the previous day. Our dailies 
 seem to appreciate the fact that they enter pure homes, thej' are 
 read by noble boys and lovely girls, and that they are responsible 
 for their growing characters. The weekly press is unquestionably 
 the bulwark of our homes and of our morals. "With hardly an ex- 
 ception they are ably edited, carefullj' sifted that nothing impure 
 enters their columns, and filled with the character of general litera" 
 ture which aids in moulding good lives. Our state is too new to 
 have developed any great strengfth in the line of pure literature; 
 though a number of our citizens have become authors of very 
 creditable works. In the line of art our state has produced some 
 paintings and statuary, which couclusively demonstrate that the 
 artistic faculty is present with our people. But art in its highest 
 form can not be produced while a people are given over principally 
 to the accumulation of material wealth ; and j'Ct, that is necessarily 
 our present condition. Not that we choose the latter in preference 
 to the former, but because the conditions are such as to compel us to 
 take the direction which we do. But our intellectual development, 
 our moral growth are both in the direction which will, if not turned 
 aside by the lack of faith or religious aspiration, ultimately lead to 
 an artistic expression. Our moral life is shown in our homes and our 
 religious institutions And I believe that the power of our state is 
 found in this department of our life. Iowa is great and prosperous ; 
 Iowa has taken a foremost position in this Nation, not because she has 
 a broad and fruitful soil, not because she has the material elements 
 which enter into the activities of our modem life, not because she has 
 
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splendid schools and wide-awake newspapers, but because she has 
 pure and God fearing- homes, and the institutions in every hamlet 
 and town and upon her wide prairies, which stand for a hig-her and 
 a better power than is found in man alone. Iowa has never for- 
 gotten that there is a God. 
 
 Thus imperfectly, but in truthful effort, have I endeavored to 
 present to you in words, the political, material, intellectual and 
 moral history of one of the foremost Commonwealths of this Nation; 
 a Commonwealth of which we are all proud to be citizens. In a more 
 substantial, in a more concrete manner will the evidences of these 
 g-reat elements of our prosperity be presented to the admiring- g-aze 
 .of the peoples of the earth in the months which are to follow at this 
 Exposition. No true citizen of Iowa can feel insensible to the 
 splendid opportunity thus offered his state, and duty and pleasure 
 alike should move him to do all in his power to so present the evi- 
 dences of our marvelous growth, as to leave a lasting- impression for 
 good upon every individual who attends this Fair, and to advance to 
 a higher plane the already enviable reputation which we possess as 
 a people. But, my fellow-citizens, we will fail, and sadly fail of 
 seizing the supreme opportunity of this occasion, if we are simply satis- 
 fied with a magnificent display of our farm products, of our herds and 
 flocks, of the workmanship of cur shops and manufactories, of our 
 mines and railroads, of our school system, and the various evidences 
 of our intellectual productiveness. This must constitute the basis, 
 but it ought not to be the glory and truth of the impression which is 
 to be the permanent impression made by our state. Who now puts 
 his knowledge-seeking interrogation, as to Greece or Rome in this 
 form: " What did Greece do, or what did Rome do?" Who cares 
 for the simple fact, solely, that Greece conquered at Salamis, or that 
 three hundred patriots died at Thermopylae in defense of their 
 country ? Such facts have been repeated many times since, in their 
 essence. Why waste time reading of the victories of Caesar, or of 
 the stem, and oft-times barbarous rule of the City by the Tiber? 
 Who cares whether those ancient people had few or many cattle, 
 good roads or bad ones, one lyceum or a dozen, homes of luxury or of 
 poverty ? Not that all these things are not of interest and importance 
 to the historian or the sociologist, but they are of little importance 
 to the world at large. But our interrogation becomes instinct with 
 life, it is of importance to all men when nut in this fashion: "What 
 was the Greek, or what was the Roman ?" "I am a Roman citizen," 
 meant much, not of herds, and houses and schools, but as to char- 
 acter. That character stood for the supremacy of law, justice and 
 
 order; and that character is Rome's gift to the world. Rome's in- 
 fluence on earth to-day is through the power of that gift. The 
 Roman citizen, the man, the woman, were the authors of that gift. 
 To be a Greek meant, not to be identified with great battles, with 
 goat-raising, and with money-getting, but to be a lover of the 
 beautiful — whether in form, thought, or deed; and it is this charac- 
 ter of the Greek, not of Greece, which has saved that Nation from 
 being buried beneath the waters of oblivion. Out of the things 
 which are called material, out of the acts which make history, is 
 evolved that which characterizes a people and the individual; and 
 that character is the crowning gift of the people to posterity In a 
 few months all this wonderful aggregation of wealth will have been 
 dissipated to the four quarters of the globe. The multitudes of the 
 world's citizens will have returned to their respective homes with 
 generalized impressions of this Exposition. No brain is large 
 enough, no memory is strong enough, no imagination is vivid 
 enough to take into itself, call up and illumine the mj'riad facts 
 which will be here presented. Only general impressions, which the 
 individual is forming in his mind as he passes about among the ex- 
 hibits, can become permanent and of future importance to him. 
 What is to be the general impression that Iowa is to make as its per- 
 manent addition to the stock of the World's good? Shall it not be 
 that her men are honest, intelligent and noble; her women lovely, 
 true and queenly ? Each of our citizens while here, whatever be 
 your avocation in life, should endeavor to impress upon all with 
 whom j'ou come in contact that Iowa has none but gentlemen and 
 ladies, none but loyal and intelligent persons in all her broad 
 domain, none but men and women of broad culture, high thought 
 and noble aspiration. You should remember constantly that here 
 you are the walking, living epitome of all our history. Iowa has 
 made you what you are; show the world that her production is 
 almost an ideal one. 
 
 And, in conclusion, let us hope that when the world has given its 
 final verdict upon this wonderful Exposition, when it has formed its 
 supreme impression of the peoples represented here; that that ver- 
 dict, and that impression as to Iowa will be, her citizenship is the 
 true flower of righteous self-government, and then may we feel that 
 our history is justified by her supreme production— a citizen. 
 
 BENEDICTION. 
 
 The Blessing of God, the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost, be upon you 
 and remain with you alwaj-s. Amen. 
 
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