/fl / Class j_l_ Book i^ \^V\ '.'B.-^KLES S. f'R_YI.-CI! THE LAY Oh THE LAST MINSTREL ; 31 f3oem. BY SIR WALTER SCOTT. Dura relego, scripsisse pudet; quia piurima cerno, Me quoque, qui feci, judice, digna lirii. A NEW EDITION, WITH THE AUTHOR'S LATEST CORRECTIONS. NEW YORK : C. S. FRANCIS & CO., 252 BROADWAY. BOSTON : JOSEPH H. FRANCIS, 128 WASHINGTON STREET. 1849. 1R US' INTRODUCTION LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL ADVERTISEMENT. [The Introduction to The Lay of the Last Min- strel, written in April, 1830, was revised by the author in the autumn of 1831, when he also made some cor- rections in the text of the poem, and several additions to the notes. The work is now printed from his inter- leaved copy. — Ed.] INTRODUCTION TO THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. A poem of nearly thirty years' standing may be sup- posed hardly to need an Introduction, since, without one, it has been able to keep itself afloat through the best part of a generation. Nevertheless, as, in the edition of the Waverley Novels now in course of pub- lication, I have imposed on myself the task of saying something concerning the purpose and history of each, in their turn, I am desirous that the Poems for which I first received some marks of the public favour, should also be accompanied with such scraps of their literary history as may be supposed to carry interest along with them. Even if I should be mistaken in thinking that the secret history of what was once so popular, may still attract public attention and curiosity, it seems to me not without its use to record the manner and cir- cumstances under which the present, and other Poems on the same plan, attained for a season an extensive reputation. I must resume the story of my literary labours at the period at which I broke oflf in the Essay on the Imitation of Popular Poetry, when I had enjoyed the first gleam of public favour, by the success of the first edition of the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border. The second edition of that work, published in 1891, proved, 10 INTRODUCTION TO THE in the language of the trade, rather a heavy concern. The demand in Scotland had been supplied by the first edition, and the curiosity of the English was not much awakened by poems in the rude garb of antiquity, ac- companied with notes referring to the obscure feuds of barbarous clans, of whose very names civilized history was ignorant. It was, on the whole, one of those books which are more praised than they are read. At this time I stood personally in a different position from that which I occupied when I first dipt my des- perate pen in ink for other purposes than those of my profession. In 1796, when I first published the trans- lations from Burger, I was an insulated individual, with only my own wants to provide for, and having, in a great measure, my own inclinations alone to consult. In 1803, when the second edition of the Minstrelsy appeared, I had arrived at a period of life when men, however thoughtless, encounter duties and circumstances w r hich press consideration and plans of life upon the most careless minds. I had been for some time married — was the father of a rising family, and, though fully enabled to meet the consequent demands upon me, it was my duty and desire to place myself in a situation which would enable me to make honourable provision against the various contingencies of life. It may be readily supposed that the attempts which I had made in literature had been unfavourable to my success at the bar. The goddess Themis is, at Edin- burgh, and I suppose everywhere else, of a peculiarly jealous disposition. She will not readily consent to share her authority, and sternly demands from her votaries, not only that real duty be carefully attended to and discharged, but that a certain air of business LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. ll shall be observed even in the midst of total idleness. It is prudent, if not absolutely necessary, in a young barrister, to appear completely engrossed by his profes- sion ; however destitute of employment he may in reality be, he ought to preserve, if possible, the appear- ance of full occupation. He should, therefore, seem perpetually engaged among his law-papers, dusting them, as it were ; and, as Ovid advises the fair, " Si nullus erit pulvis, tamen excute nullum." 1 Perhaps such extremity of attention is more especially required, considering the great number of counsellors who are called to the bar, and how very small a pro- portion of them are finally disposed, or find encourage- ment, to follow the law as a profession. Hence the number of deserters is so great, that the least linger- ing look behind occasions a young novice to be set down as one of the intending fugitives. Certain it is, that the Scottish Themis was at this time peculiarly jealous of any flirtation with the Muses, on the part of those who had ranged themselves under her banners. This was probably owing to her consciousness of the superior attractions of her rivals. Of late, however, she has relaxed in some instances in this particular, an eminent example of which has been shown in the case of my friend, Mr. Jeffrey, who, after long conducting one of the most influential literary periodicals of the age, with unquestionable ability, has been, by the general con- sent of his brethren, recently elected to be their Dean of Faculty, or President, — being the highest acknow- ledgment of his professional talents which they had ic 1 [If dust be none, yet brush that none away.] 12 INTRODUCTION TO THE in their power to offer. l But this is an incident much beyond the ideas of a period of thirty years' distance, when a barrister who really possessed any turn for lighter literature, was at as much pains to conceal it, as if it had in reality been something to be ashamed of; and I could mention more than one instance in which literature and society have suffered much loss, that jurisprudence might be enriched. Such, however, was not my case; for the reader will not wonder that my open interference with matters of light literature diminished my employment in the weightier matters of the law. Nor did the solicitors, upon whose choice the counsel takes rank in his pro- fession, do me less than justice, by regarding others among my contemporaries as fitter to discharge the duty due to their clients, than a young man who was taken up with running after ballads, whether Teutonic or national. My profession and I, therefore, came to stand nearly upon the footing which honest Slender consoled himself on having established with Mistress Anne Page ; " There was no great love between us at the beginning, and it pleased Heaven to decrease it on farther ac- quaintance." I became sensible that the time was come when I must either buckle myself resolutely to the " toil by day, the lamp by night," renouncing all the Delilahs of my imagination, or bid adieu to the profession of the law, and hold another course. I confess my own inclination revolted from the more severe choice, which might have been deemed by many 1 [Mr. Jeffrey, after conducting the Edinburgh Review for twenty-seven years, withdrew from that office in 1829, on being elected Dean of the Faculty of Advocates. — Ed.] LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 13 the wiser alternative. As my transgressions had been numerous, my repentance must have been signalized by unusual sacrifices. I ought to have mentioned, that since my fourteenth or fifteenth year, my health, ori- ginally delicate, had become extremely robust. From infancy I had laboured under the infirmity of a severe lameness, but, as I believe is usually the case with men of spirit who suffer under personal inconveniences of this nature, I had, since the improvement of my health, in defiance of this incapacitating circumstance, distin- guished myself by the endurance of toil on foot or horseback, having often walked thirty miles a-day, and rode upwards of a hundred, without resting. In this manner I made many pleasant journeys through parts of the country then not very accessible, gaining more amusement and instruction than I have been able to acquire since I have travelled in a more commodious manner. I practised most sylvan sports also, with some success, and with great delight. But these pleasures must have been all resigned, or used with great moder- ation, had I determined to regain my station at the bar. It was even doubtful whether I could, with perfect character as a jurisconsult, retain a situation in a vol- unteer corps of cavalry, which I then held. The threats of invasion were at this time instant and mena- cing ; the call by Britain on her children was universal, and was answered by some, who, like myself, consulted rather their desire than their ability to bear arms. My services, however, were found useful in assisting to main- tain the discipline of the corps, being the point on which their constitution rendered them most amenable to military criticism. In other respects, the squadron was a fine one, consisting chiefly of handsome men, well Vol. I. 2 14 INTRODUCTION TO THE mounted and armed at their own expense. My attention to the corps took up a good deal of time ; and while it occupied many of the happiest hours of my life, it fur- nished an additional reason for my reluctance again to encounter the severe course of study indispensable to success in the juridical profession. On the other hand, my father, whose feelings might have been hurt by my quitting the bar, had been for two or three years dead, so that I had no control to thwart my own inclination ; and my income being equal to all the comforts, and some of the elegancies, of life, I was not pressed to an irksome labour by ne- cessity, that most powerful of motives; consequently, I was the more easily seduced to choose the employ- ment which was most agreeable to me. This was yet the easier, that in 1800 I had obtained the preferment of Sheriff of Selkirkshire, about £300 a year in value, and which was the more agreeable to me, as in that county I had several friends and relations. But I did not abandon the profession to which I had been edu- cated, without certain prudential resolutions, which, at the risk of some egotism, I will here mention ; not without the hope that they may be useful to young per- sons who may stand in circumstances similar to those in which I then stood. In the first place, upon considering the lives and for- tunes of persons who had given themselves up to liter- ature, or to the task of pleasing the public, it seemed to me, that the circumstances which chiefly affected their happiness and character, were those from which Horace has bestowed upon authors the epithet of the Irritable Race. It requires no depth of philosophic reflection to perceive, that the petty warfare of Pope LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. ] 5 with the Dunces of his period could not have been carried on without his suffering the most acute torture, such as a man must endure from musquitoes, by whose stings he suffers agony, although he can crush them in his grasp by myriads. Nor is it necessary to call to memory the many humiliating instances in which men of the greatest genius have, to avenge some piti- ful quarrel, made themselves ridiculous during their lives, to become the still more degraded objects of pitv to future times. Upon the whole, as I had no pretension to the ge- nius of the distinguished persons who had fallen into such errors, I concluded there could be no occasion for imitating them in their mistakes, or what I considered as such ; and, in adopting literary pursuits as the prin- cipal occupation of my future life, I resolved, if possi- ble, to avoid those weaknesses of temper which seemed to have most easily beset my more celebrated prede- cessors. With this view, it was my first resolution to keep as far as was in my power abreast of society, continuing to maintain my place in general company, without yielding to the very natural temptation of narrowing myself to what is called literary society. By doing so, I imagined I should escape the besetting sin of listening to language, which, from one motive or other, is apt to ascribe a very undue degree of consequence to literary pursuits, as if they were, indeed, the business, rather than the amusement, of life. The opposite course can only be compared to the injudicious conduct of one who pampers himself with cordial and luscious draughts, until he is unable to endure wholesome bitters. Like Gil Bias, therefore, I resolved to stick by the society of 16 INTRODUCTION TO THE my commis, instead of seeking that of a more literary cast, and to maintain my general interest in what was going on around me, reserving the man of letters for the desk and the library. My second resolution was a corollary from the first. I determined that, without shutting my ears to the voice of true criticism, I would pay no regard to that which assumes the form of satire. I therefore resolved to arm myself with that triple brass of Horace, of which those of my profession are seldom held deficient, against all the roving warfare of satire, parody, and sarcasm ; to laugh if the jest was a good one, or, if otherwise, to let it hum and buzz itself to sleep. It is to the observance of these rules, (according to my best belief,) that, after a life of thirty years engaged in literary labours of various kinds, I attribute my never having been entangled in any literary quarrel or con- troversy; and, which is a still more pleasing result, that I have been distinguished by the personal friendship of my most approved contemporaries of all parties. I adopted, at the same time, another resolution, on which it may doubtless be remarked, that it was well for me that I had it in my power to do so, and that, therefore, it is a line of conduct which, depending upon accident, can be less generally applicable in other cases. Yet I fail not to record this part of my plan, convinced that, though it may not be in every one's power to adopt exactly the same resolution, he may nevertheless, by his own exertions, in some shape or other, attain the object on which it was founded, namely, to secure the means of subsistence, without relying exclusively on literary talents. In this respect, I determined that literature should be my staff, but not my crutch, and LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 17 that the profits of my literary labour, however conve- nient otherwise, should not, if I could help it, become necessary to my ordinary expenses. With this purpose I resolved, if the interest of my friends could so far favour me, to retire upon any of the respectable offices of the law, in which persons of that profession are glad to take refuge, when they feel themselves, or are judged by others, incompetent to aspire to its higher honours. Upon such a post an author might hope to retreat, without any perceptible alteration of circumstances, whenever the time should arrive that the public grew weary of his endeavours to please, or he himself should tire of the pen. At this period of my life, I possessed so many friends capable of assisting me in this object of ambition, that I could hardly over-rate my own prospects of obtaining the preferment to which I limited my wishes ; and, in fact, I obtained in no long period the reversion of a situation which completely met them. Thus far all was well, and the Author had been guilty, perhaps, of no great imprudence, when he relin- quished his forensic practice with the hope of making some figure in the field of literature. But an estab- lished character with the public, in my new capacity, still remained to be acquired. I have noticed, that the translations from Burger had been unsuccessful, nor had the original poetry which appeared under the aus- pices of Mr. Lewis, in the " Tales of Wonder," in any great degree raised my reputation. It is true, I had private friends disposed to second me in my efforts to obtain popularity. But I was sportsman enough to know, that if the greyhound does not run well, the hal- loos of his patrons will not obtain the prize for him. 2* 18 INTRODUCTION TO THE Neither was I ignorant that the practice of ballad- writing was for the present out of fashion, and that any attempt to revive it, or to found a poetical character upon it, would certainly fail of success. The ballad measure itself, which was once listened to as to an en- chanting melody, had become hackneyed and sickening, from its being the accompaniment of every grinding hand-organ ; and besides, a long work in quatrains, whether those of the common ballad, or such as are termed elegiac, has an effect upon the mind like that of the bed of Procrustes upon the human body ; for, as it must be both awkward and difficult to carry on a long sentence from one stanza to another, it follows, that the meaning of each period must be comprehended within four lines, and equally so that it must be extend- ed so as to fill that space. The alternate dilation and contraction thus rendered necessary is singularly unfa- vourable to narrative composition; and the "Gondibert" of Sir William D'Avenant, though containing many striking passages, has never become popular, owing chiefly to its being told in this species of elegiac verse. In the dilemma occasioned by this objection, the idea occurred to the Author of using the measured short line, which forms the structure of so much minstrel poetry, that it may be properly termed the Romantic stanza, by way of distinction ; and which appears so natural to our language, that the very best of our poets have not been able to protract it into the verse properly called Heroic, without the use of epithets which are, to say the least, unnecessary. 1 But, on the other hand, 1 Thus it has been often remarked, that, in the opening cou- plets of Pope's translation of the Iliad, there are two syllables LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 19 the extreme facility of the short couplet, which seems congenial to our language, and was, doubtless for that reason, so popular with our old minstrels, is, for the same reason, apt to prove a snare to the composer who uses it in more modern days, by encouraging him in a habit of slovenly composition. The necessity of occa- sional pauses often forces the young poet to pay more attention to sense, as the boy's kite rises highest when the train is loaded by a due counterpoise. The Author was therefore intimidated by what Byron calls the " fatal facility" of the octo-syllabic verse, which was otherwise better adapted to his purpose of imitating the more ancient poetry. I was not less at a loss for a subject which might admit of being treated with the simplicity and wildness of the ancient ballad. But accident dictated both a theme and measure, which decided the subject, as well as the structure of the poem. The lovely young Countess of Dalkeith, afterwards Harriet Duchess of Buccleuch, had come to the land of her husband with the desire of making herself ac- quainted with its traditions and customs, as well as its manners and history. All who remember this lady will agree, that the intellectual character of her extreme beauty, the amenity and courtesy of her manners, the soundness of her understanding, and her unbounded forming a superfluous word in each line, as may be observed by attending to such words as are printed in Italics. " Achilles' wrath to Greece the direful spring Of woes unnumber'd, heavenly goddess, sing; That wrath which sent to Pluto's gloomy reign, The souls of mighty chiefs in battle slain, Whose bones, unburied on the desert shore, Devouring dogs and hungry vultures tore." 20 INTRODUCTION TO THE benevolence, gave more the idea of an angelic visitant, than of a being belonging to this nether world ; and such a thought was but too consistent with the short space she was permitted to tarry among us.' Of course, where all made it a pride and pleasure to gratify her wishes, she soon heard enough of Border lore ; among others, an aged gentleman of property, 2 near Langholm, communicated to her ladyship the story of Gilpin Hor- ner, a tradition in which the narrator, and many more of that country, were firm believers. The young Countess, much delighted with the legend, and the gravity and full confidence with which it was told, en- joined on me as a task to compose a ballad on the sub- ject. Of course, to hear was to obey ; and thus the goblin story, objected to by several critics as an excres- cence upon the poem, was, in fact, the occasion of its being written. A chance similar to that which dictated the subject, 1 [The Duchess died in August 1814. Sir Walter Scott's lines on her death will be found in a subsequent volume of this Col- lection. — Ed.] 2 This was Mr. Beattie of Mickledale, a man then considerably upwards of eighty, of a shrewd and sarcastic temper, which he did not at all times suppress, as the following anecdote will show : A worthy clergyman, now deceased, with better good-will than tact, was endeavouring to push the senior forward in his recollec- tion of Border ballads and legends, by expressing reiterated sur- prise at his wonderful memory. " No, sir," said old Mickledale ; " my memory is good for little, for it cannot retain what ought to be preserved. I can remember all these stories about the auld riding days, which are of no earthly importance ; but were you, reverend sir, to repeat your best sermon in this drawing-room, I could not tell you half an hour afterwards what you had been speaking about." LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 21 gave me also the hint of a new mode of treating it. We had at that time the lease of a pleasant cottage, near Lasswade, on the romantic banks of the Esk, to which we escaped when the vacations of the Court permitted me so much leisure. Here I had the plea- sure to receive a visit from Mr. Stoddart, (now Sir John Stoddart, Judge-Advocate at Malta,) who was at that time collecting the particulars which he afterwards embodied in his Remarks on Local Scenery in Scot- land. 1 I was of some use to him in procuring the information which he desired, and guiding him to the scenes which he wished to see. In return, he made me better acquainted than I had hitherto been with the poetic effusions which have since made the Lakes of Westmoreland, and the authors by whom they have been sung, so famous wherever the English tongue is spoken. I was already acquainted with the " Joan of Arc," the "Thalaba," and the "Metrical Ballads" cf Mr. Southey, which had found their way to Scotland, and were generally admired. But Mr. Stoddart, who had the advantage of personal friendship with the authors, and who possessed a strong memory with an excellent taste, was able to repeat to me many long specimens of their poetry, which had not yet appeared in print. Amongst others, was the striking fragment called Chris- tabel, by Mr. Coleridge, which, from the singularly irregular structure of the stanzas, and the liberty which it allowed the author to adapt the sound to the sense, seemed to be exactly suited to such an extrava- ganza as I meditated on the subject of Gilpin Horner. 1 Two volumes, royal octavo. 1801. 22 INTRODUCTION TO THE As applied to comic and humorous poetry, this mesco lanza of measures had been already used by- Anthony Hall, Anstey, Dr. Wolcott, and others ; but it was in Christabel that I first found it used in serious poetry, and it is to Mr. Coleridge that I am bound to make the acknowledgment due from the pupil to his master. 1 observe that Lord Byron, in noticing my obligations to Mr. Coleridge, which I have been always most ready to acknowledge, expressed, or was understood to ex- press, a hope, that I did not write an unfriendly review on Mr. Coleridge's productions. 1 On this subject I have only to say, that I do not even know the review which is alluded to; and were I ever to take the unbe- coming freedom of censuring a man of Mr. Coleridge's extraordinary talents, it would be on account of the caprice and indolence with which he has thrown from him, as if in mere wantonness, those unfinished scraps of poetry, which, like the Torso of antiquity, defy the skill of his poetical brethren to complete them. The charming fragments which the author abandons to their fate, are surely too valuable to be treated like the proofs of careless engravers, the sweepings of whose studios often make the fortune of some pains-taking collector. I did not immediately proceed upon my projected labour, though I was now furnished with a subject, and with a structure of verse which might have the effect of novelty to the public ear, and afford the author an opportunity of varying his measure with the variations of a romantic theme. On the contrary, it was, to the best of my recollection, more than a year after Mr. 1 Medwin's Conversations of Lord Byron, p. 309. LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 23 Stoddart's visit, that, by way of experiment, I composed the first two or three stanzas of " The Lay of the Last Minstrel." I was shortly afterwards visited by two intimate friends, one of whom still survives. They were men whose talents might have raised them to the highest station in literature, had they not preferred exerting them in their own profession of the law, in which they attained equal preferment. I was in the habit of consulting them on my attempts at composition, having equal confidence in their sound taste and friendly sincerity. 1 In this specimen I had, in the phrase of the Highland servant, packed all that was my own at least, for I had also included a line of invocation, a little softened, from Coleridge — " Mary, mother, shield as well." As neither of my friends said much to me on the sub- ject of the stanzas I showed them before their depar- ture, I had no doubt that their disgust had been greater than their good-nature chose to express. Looking upon them, therefore, as a failure, I threw the manuscript into the fire, and thought as little more as I could of the matter. Some time afterwards I met one of my two counsellors, who enquired, with considerable ap- pearance of interest, about the progress of the romance I had commenced, and was greatly surprised at learn- ing its fate. He confessed that neither he nor our mu- tual friend had been at first able to give a precise 1 One of these, William Erskine, Esq. (Lord KinnedJer), I have often had occasion to mention, and though I may hardly be thanked for disclosing the name of the other, yet I cannot but state that the second is George Cranstoun, Esq., now a Senator of the College of Justice by the title of Lord Corehouse. 1831. 24 INTRODUCTION TO THE opinion on a poem so much out of the common road, but that as they walked home together to the city, they had talked much on the subject, and the result was an earnest desire that I would proceed with the composi- tion. He also added, that some sort of prologue might be necessary, to place the mind of the hearers in the situation to understand and enjoy the poem, and recom- mended the adoption of such quaint mottoes as Spenser has used to announce the contents of the chapters of the Faery Queen, such as — " Babe's bloody hands may not be cleansed. The face of golden Mean : Her sisters two, Extremities, Her strive to banish clean." I entirely agreed with my friendly critic in the neces- sity of having some sort of pitch-pipe, which might make readers aware of the object, or rather the tone, of the publication. But I doubted whether, in assuming the oracular style of Spenser's mottoes, the interpreter might not be censured as the harder to be understood of the two. I therefore introduced the Old Minstrel, as an appropriate prolocutor, by whom the lay might be sung, or spoken, and the introduction of whom betwixt the cantos might remind the reader, at intervals, of the time, place, and circumstances of the recitation. This species of cadre, or frame, afterwards afforded the poem its name of " The Lay of the Last Minstrel." The work was subsequently shown to other friends during its progress, and received the imprimatur of Mr. Francis Jeffrey, who had been already for some time distinguished by his critical talent. The poem, being once licensed by the critics as fit for the market, was soon finished, proceeding at about LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 25 tht rate of a canto per week. There was, indeed, little occasion for pause or hesitation, when a trouble- some rhyme might be accommodated by an alteration of the stanza, or where an incorrect measure might be remedied by a variation in the rhyme. It was finally published in 1805, and may be regarded as the first work in which the writer, who has been since so volu- minous, laid his claim to be considered as an original author. The book was published by Longman and Company, and Archibald Constable and Company. The principal of the latter firm was then commencing that course of bold and liberal industry which was of so much advan- tage to his country, and might have been so to himself, but for causes which it is needless to enter into here. The work, brought out on the usual terms of division of profits between the author and publishers, was not long after purchased by them for £500, to which Messrs. Longman and Company afterwards added £100, in their own unsolicited kindness, in consequence of the uncommon success of the work. It was handsomely given to supply the loss of a fine horse, which broke down suddenly while the author was riding with one of the worthy publishers. 1 It would be great affectation not to own frankly, that the author expected some success from " The Lay of the Last Minstrel." The attempt to return to a more simple and natural style of poetry was likely to be welcomed, at a time when the public had become tired of heroic hexameters, with all the buckram and bind- ing which belong to them of later days. But whatever 1 [Mr. Owen Rees. — Ed.] Vol.1. 3 26 INTRODUCTION TO THE LAY. might have been his expectations, whether moderate or unreasonable, the result left them far behind, for among those who smiled on the adventurous Minstrel, were numbered the great names of William Pitt and Charles Fox. Neither was the extent of the sale inferior to the character of the judges who received the poem with approbation. Upwards of thirty thou- sand copies of the Lay were disposed of by the trade ; and the author had to perform a task difficult to human vanity, when called upon to make the necessary deductions from his own merits, in a calm attempt to account for his popularity. A few additional remarks on the author's literary attempts after this period, will be found in the Intro- duction to the Poem of Marmion. Abbotsford, April, 1830. THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL, A POEM; IN SIX CANTOS. Bum relego, scripsisse pudet ; quia plurima cerno Me quoque, qui feci, judice, digna lini TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE CHARLES, EARL OF DALKEITH, THIS POEM IS INSCRIBED BY THE AUTHOR. 31 The Poem, now offered to the Public, is intended to illustrate the customs and manners, which anciently prevailed on the Borders of England and Scotland. The inhabitants, living in a state partly pastoral, and partly warlike, and combining habits of constant de- predation with the influence of a rude spirit of chiv- alry, were often engaged in scenes, highly susceptible of poetical ornament. As the description of scenery and manners was more the object of the Author than a combined and regular narrative, the plan of the Ancient Metrical Romance was adopted, which allows greater latitude, in this respect, than would be consistent with the dignity of a regular Poem. The same model offered other facilities, as it permits an occasional alteration of measure, which, in some degree, authorizes the change of rhythm in the text. The machinery also, adopted from popular belief, would have seemed puerile in a Poem, which did not partake of the rudeness of the old Ballad, or Metrical Romance. For these reasons, the Poem was put into the mouth of an ancient Minstrel, the last of the race, who, as he is supposed to have survived the Revolution, might have caught somewhat of the refinement of modern poetry, without losing the simplicity of his original model. The date of the Tale itself is about the mid- dle of the sixteenth century, when most of the person- ages actually flourished. The time occupied by the action is three Nights and Three Days. THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. CANTO FIRST. 35 INTRODUCTION. The way was long, the wind was cold, The Minstrel was infirm and old; His wither'd cheek, and tresses gray, Seem'd to have known a better day; The harp, his sole remaining joy, Was carried by an orphan boy. The last of all the Bards was he, Who sung of Border chivalry ; For, welladay ! their date was fled, His tuneful brethren all were dead; And he, neglected and oppress'd, Wish'd to be with them, and at rest. No more on prancing palfrey borne, He caroll'd, light as lark at morn ; No longer courted and caress'd, High placed in hall, a welcome guest, He pour'd, to lord and lady gay, The unpremeditated lay: Old times were changed, old manners gone ; A stranger fill'd the Stuart's throne; The bigots of the iron time Had call'd his harmless art a crime. A wandering Harper, scorn'd and poor, He begg'd his bread from door to door, And tuned, to please a peasant's ear, The harp, a king had loved to hear. 36 LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. He pass'd where Newark's 1 stately tower Looks out from Yarrow's birchen bower: 1 [" This is a massive square tower, now unroofed and ruinous, surrounded by an outward wall, defended by round flanking tur- rets. It is most beautifully situated, about three miles from Sel- kirk, upon the banks of the Yarrow, a fierce and precipitous stream, which unites with the Ettricke about a mile beneath the castle. " Newark Castle was built by James II. The royal arms, with the unicorn, are engraved on a stone in the western side of the tower. There was a much more ancient castle in its immediate vicinity, called Auldwark, founded, it is said, by Alexander III. Both were designed for the royal residence when the King was disposed to take his pleasure in the extensive forest of Ettricke. Various grants occur in the records of the Privy Seal, bestowing the keeping of the Castle of Newark upon different barons. There is a popular tradition, that it was once seized, and held out by the outlaw Murray, a noted character in song, who only sur- rendered Newark upon condition of being made hereditary sheriff of the forest. A long ballad, containing an account of this trans- action, is preserved in the * Border Minstrelsy.' Upon the mar- riage of James IV. with Margaret, sister of Henry VIII., the Castle of Newark, with the whole Forest of Ettricke, was assigned to her as a part of her jointure lands. But of this she could make little advantage ; for, after the death of her husband, she is found complaining heavily, that Buccleuch had seized upon these lands. Indeed, the office of keeper was latterly held by the family of Buccleuch, and with so firm a grasp, that when the Forest of Ettricke was disparked, they obtained a grant of the Castle of Newark in property. It was within the court-yard of this Castle that General Lesly did military execution upon the prisoners whom he had taken at the battle of Philiphaugh. The castle continued to be an occasional seat of the Buccleuch family for more than a century; and here, it is said, the Duchess of Monmouth and Buccleuch was brought up. For this reason, probably, Mr. Scott has chosen to make it the scene in which the Lay of the Last Minstrel' is recited in her presence, and for her PRINTED FOR CHAJtUfifl S.FiftANCIS &C9 INTRODUCTION. 37 The Minstrel gazed with wishful eye — No humbler resting-place was nigh. With hesitating step at last, The embattled portal arch he pass'd, Whose ponderous grate and massy bar Had oft roll'd back the tide of war, But never closed the iron door Against the desolate and poor. The Duchess 1 marked his weary pace, His timid mien, and reverend face, And bade her page the menials tell, That they should tend the old man well: For she had known adversity, Though born in such a high degree; In pride of power, in beauty's bloom, Had wept o'er Monmouth's bloody tomb ! When kindness had his wants supplied, And the old man was gratified, Began to rise his minstrel pride: amusement." — Schetky's Illustrations of the Lay of the Last Minstrel. It may be added that Bowhill was the favourite residence of Lord and Lady Dalkeith, (afterwards Duke and Duchess of Buc- cleuch,) at the time when the poem was composed ; the ruins of Newark are all but included in the park attached to that modern seat of the family ; and Sir Walter Scott, no doubt, was influ- enced in his choice of the locality, by the predilection of the charming lady who suggested the subject of his "Lay" for the scenery of the Yarrow — a beautiful walk on whose banks, lead- ing from the house to the old castle, is called, in memory of her, the Duchess's Walk. — Ed.] 1 Anne, Duchess of Buccleuch and Monmouth, representative of the ancient Lords of Buccleuch, and widow of the unfortunate James, Duke of Monmouth, who was beheaded in 1685. Vol. I. 4 0& LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. And he began to talk anon, Of good Earl Francis, 1 dead and gone, And of Earl Walter, 2 rest him, God ! A braver ne'er to battle rode ; And how full many a tale he knew, Of the old warriors of Buccleuch : And, would the noble Duchess deign To listen to an old man's strain, Though stiff his hand, his voice though weak, He thought even yet, the sooth to speak, That, if she loved the harp to hear, He could make music to her ear. The humble boon was soon obtain'd ; The Aged Minstrel audience gain'd. But, when he reach'd the room of state, Where she, with all her ladies, sate, Perchance he wish'd his boon denied : For, when to tune his harp he tried, His trembling hand had lost the ease, Which marks security to please ; And scenes, long past, of joy and pain, Came wildering o'er his aged brain — He tried to tune his harp in vain ! The pitying Duchess praised its chime, And gave him heart, and gave him time, Till every string's according glee Was blended into harmony. 1 Francis Scott, Earl of Buccleuch, father of the Duchess. 2 Walter, Earl of Buccleuch, grandfather of the Duchess, ana a celebrated warrior. INTRODUCTION. 3D And then, he said, lie would full fain He could recall an ancient strain, He never thought to sing again. It was not framed for village churls, But for high dames and mighty earls; He had play'd it to King Charles the Good, When he kept court in Holyrood ; And much he wish'd, yet fear'd, to try The long-forgotten melody. Amid the strings his fingers stray'd, And an uncertain warbling made, And oft he shook his hoary head. But when he caught the measure wild, The old man raised his face, and smiled ; And lighten'd up his faded eye, With all a poet's ecstasy ! In varying cadence, soft or strong, He swept the sounding chords along: The present scene, the future lot, His toils, his wants, were all forgot : Cold diffidence, and age's frost, In the full tide of song were lost ; Each blank, in faithless memory void, The poet's glowing thought supplied ; And, while his harp responsive rung, 'Twas thus the Latest Minstrel sung. 41 the LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. CANTO FIRST. I. The feast was over in Branksome tower, 1 And the Ladye had gone to her secret bower; Her bower that was guarded by word and by spell Deadly to hear, and deadly to tell — Jesu Maria, shield us well ! No living wight, save the Ladye alone, Had dared to cross the threshold stone. II. The tables were drawn, it was idlesse all ; Knight, nnd page, and household squire, Loiter'd through the lofty hall, Or crowded round the ample fire : The stag-hounds, weary with the chase, Lay stretch'd upon the rushy floor, And urged, in dreams, the forest race, From Teviot-stone to Eskdale-moor. 1 See Appendix, Note A. 4* 42 THE LAV OF Canto I III. Nine-and-twenty knights of fame Hung their shields in Branksome-Hall ; x Nine-and-twenty squires of name Brought them their steeds to bower from stall; Nine-and-twenty yeomen tall Waited, duteous, on them all : They were all knights of mettle true, Kinsmen to the bold Buccleugh. IV. Ten of them were sheathed in steel, With belted sword, and spur on heel : They quitted not their harness bright, Neither by day, nor yet by night : They lay down to rest, With corselet laced, Pillow'd on buckler cold and hard; They carved at the meal With gloves of steel, And they drank the red wine through the helmet barr'd. V. Ten squires, ten yeomen, mail-clad men, Waited the beck of the warders ten; Thirty steeds, both fleet and wight, Stood saddled in stable day and night, Barbed with frontlet of steel, I trow, And with Jed wood-axe at saddle-bow; 2 1 See Appendix, Note B. 2 u Of a truth," says Froissart, " the Scottish cannot boast great skill with the bow, but rather bear axes, with which, in time of Oznfo I. THE LAST MINSTREL. 43 A hundred more fed free in stall : Such was the custom of Branksome-HalL VI. Why do these steeds stand ready dight! Why watch these warriors, arm'd, by night ? They watch to hear the bloodhound baying; They watch, to hear the war-horn braying; To see Saint George's red cross streaming; To see the midnight beacon gleaming; They watch against Southron force and guile, Lest Scrope, or Howard, or Percy's powers, Threaten Branksome's lordly towers, From Warkworth, or Naworth, or merry Carlisle. 1 VIL Such is the custom of Branksome-HalL — Many a valiant knight is here; But he, the chieftain of them all, His sword hangs rusting on the wall, Beside his broken spear. Bards long shall tell, How Lord Walter fell ! 2 When startled burghers fled, afar, The furies of the Border war; When the streets of high Dunedin 3 Saw lances gleam, and falchions redden, need, they give heavy strokes," The Jed wood-axe was a sort of partisan, used by horsemen, as appears from the arms of Jed- burgh, which bear a cavalier mounted, and armed with this wea. pon. It is also called a Jedwood or Jeddart staff. J See Appendix, Note C. 8 See Appendix, Note D. 3 Edinburgh. f I THE LAY OF Canto I And heard the slogan's l deadly yell — Then the Chief of Branksorne felL VIIL Can piety the discord heal, Or stanch the death-feud's enmity I Can Christian lore, can patriot zeal, Can love of blessed charity 1 No ! vainly to each holy shrine, In mutual pilgrimage, they drew; Implored, in vain, the grace divine For chiefs, their own red falchions slew : While Cessford owns the rule of Carr, While Ettrick boasts the line of Scott, The slaughter'd chiefs, the mortal jar, The havoc of the feudal war, Shall never, never be forgot ! 2 1 The war-cry or gathering word of a Border clan. 2 Among other expedients resorted to for stanching the feud betwixt the Scotts and the Kerrs, there was a bond executed in 1529, between the heads of each clan, binding themselves to perform reciprocally the four principal pilgrimages, of Scotland, for the benefit of the souls of those of the opposite name who had fallen in the quarrel. This indenture is printed in the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, vol. i. But either it never took effect, or else the feud was renewed shortly afterwards. Such pactions were not uncommon in feudal times ; and, as might be expected, they were often, as in the present case, void of the effect desired. When Sir Walter Mauny, the renowned follower of Edward III., had taken the town of Ryol in Gascony, he remembered to have heard that his father lay there buried, and offered a hundred crowns to any who could show him his grave. A very old man appeared before Sir Walter, and informed him of the manner of his father's death, and the place of his sepulture. It seems that the Lord of Mauny had, at a great Canto I. THE LAST MINSTREL. 45 IX. In sorrow o'er Lord Walter's bier The warlike foresters had bent; And many a flower, and many a tear, Old Teviot's maids and matrons lent: But o'er her warrior's bloody bier The Ladye dropp'd nor flower nor tearl Vengeance, deep brooding o'er the slain, Had lock'd the source of softer woe; And burning pride, and high disdain, Forbade the rising tear to flow; Until, amid his sorrowing clan, Her son lisp'd from the nurse's knee — " And if I live to be a man, " My father's death revenged shall be !" — Then fast the mother's tears did seek To dew the infant's kindling cheek. X. All loose her negligent attire, All loose her golden hair, tournament, unhorsed, and wounded to the death, a Gascon knight, of the house of Mirepoix, whose kinsman was Bishop of Cambray. For this deed he was held at feud by the relations of the knight, until he agreed to undertake a pilgrimage to the shrine of St. James of Compostella, for the benefit of the soul of the deceased. But as he returned through the town of Ryol, fter accomplishment of his vow, he was beset and treacherously slain, by the kindred of the knight whom he had killed. Sir Walter, guided by the old man, visited the lowly tomb of his father; and, having read the inscription, which was in Latin, he caused the body to be raised, and transported to his native city of Valenciennes, where masses were, in the days of Froissart, duly said for the soul of the unfortunate pilgrim. — Chronycle of Faoiss4ET. vol. i. p. 1*23. 46 THE LAY OF Canlo I. Hung Margaret o'er her slaughter'd sire, And wept in wild despair. But not alone the hitter tear Had filial grief supplied ; For hopeless love, and anxious fear, Had lent their mingled tide: Nor in her mother's alter'd eye Dared she to look for sympathy. Her lover, 'gainst her father's clan, With Carr in arms had stood, 1 When Mathouse-burn to Melrose ran, All purple with their blood; And well she knew, her mother dread, Before Lord Cranstoun she should wed, z Would see her on her dying bed. 1 The family of Ker, Kerr, or Carr, 3 was very powerful on the Border. Fynes Morrison remarks, in his Travels, that their in- fluence extended from the village of Preston-Grange in Lothian, to the limits of England. Cessford Castle, the ancient baronia^ residence of the family, is situated near the village of Morebattle, within two or three miles of the Cheviot Hills. It has been a place of great strength and consequence, but is now ruinous. Tradition affirms, that it was founded by Halbert, or Habby Kerr, a gigantic warrior, concerning whom many stories are current in Roxburghshire. The Duke of Roxburghe represents Kerr of Cessford. A distinct and powerful branch of the same name own the Marquis of Lothian as their chief. Hence the distinction betwixt Kerrs of Cessford and Fairnihirst. 2 The Cranstouns, Lord Cranstoun, are an ancient Border family, whose ehief seat was at Crailing, in Teviotdale. They were at this time at feud with the clan of Scott •, for it appears that the Lady of Buccleuch, in 1557, beset the Laird of Crans- toun, seeking his life. Nevertheless, the same Cranstoun, or perhaps his son, was married to a daughter of the same lady. s The name is spelt differently by the various families who bear it. Carl is selected, not as the most correct,, but as the most poetical reading. Canto I. THE LAST MINSTREL. 47 XL Of noble race the Ladye came, Her father was a clerk of fame, Of Bethune's line of Picardie: 1 He learn'd the art that none may name, In Padua, far beyond the sea. 2 Men said, he changed his mortal frame By feat of magic mystery ; For when, in studious mood, he paced St. Andrew's cloister'd hall, His form no darkening shadow traced Upon the sunny wall ! 3 XII. And of his skill, as bards avow, He taught that Ladye fair, 1 See Appendix, Note E. 2 Padua was long supposed, by the Scottish peasants, to be the principal school of necromancy. The Earl of Govvrie, slain at Perth, in 1600, pretended, during his studies in Italy, to have ac- quired some knowledge of the cabala, by which, he said, he could charm snakes, and work other miracles ; and, in particular, could produce children without the intercourse of the sexes. — See the Examination of Wemyss of Bogie before the Privy Council, con- cerning Gowrie's Conspiracy. 3 The shadow of a necromancer is independent of the sun. Glycas informs us, that Simon Magus caused his shadow to go before him, making people believe it was an attendant spirit. — Hey wood's Hier archie, p. 475. The vulgar conceive, that when a class of students have made a certain progress in their mystic studies, they are obliged to run through a subterraneous hall, where the devil literally catches the hindmost in the race, unless he crosses the hall so speedily, that the arch-enemy can only ap- prehend his shadow. In the latter case, the person of the sage never after throws any shade ; and those, who have thus lost their shadow, always prove the best magicians. 48 THE LAY OF Canto 1. Till to her bidding she could bow The viewless forms of air. 1 And now v she sits in secret bower, In old Lord David's western tower, And listens to a heavy sound. That moans the mossy turrets round. Is it the roar of Teviot's tide, That chafes against the scaur's 2 red side'? Is it the wind, that swings the oaks 1 Is it the echo from the rocks ? What may it be, the heavy sound, That moans old Branksome's turrets round? XIIL At the sullen, moaning sound, The ban-dogs bay and howl ; And, from the turrets round, Loud whoops the startled owl. In the hall, both squire and knight Swore that a storm was near, And looked forth to view the night; But the night was still and clear ! XIV. From the sound of Teviot's tide, Chafing with the mountain's side, From the groan of the wind-swung oak, From the sullen echo of the rock, From the voice of the coming storm, The Ladye knew it well ! It was the Spirit of the Flood that spoke, And he call'd on the Spirit of the Fell. 1 See Appendix, Note F. 2 Scaur, a precipitous bank of earth. Canto I. THE LAST MINSTREL. 411 XV. RIVER SPIRIT. "Sleep'st thou, brother ?" — MOUNTAIN SPIRIT. — " Brother, nay — On my hills the moon-beams play. From Craik-cross to Skelf hill-pen, By every rill, in every glen, Merry elves their morris pacing, To aerial minstrelsy, Emerald rings on brown heath tracing, Trip it deft and merrily. Up, and mark their nimble feet! Up, and list their music sweet!" — XVI. RIVER SPIRIT. " Tears of an imprison'd maiden Mix with my polluted stream; Margaret of Branksome, sorrow-laden, Mourns beneath the moon's pale beam. Tell me, thou, who view'st the stars, When shall cease these feudal jars? What shall be the maiden's fate? Who shall be the maiden's mate?"— XVII. MOUNTAIN SPIRIT. "Arthur's slow wain his course doth roll, In utter darkness round the pole ; The Northern Bear lowers black and grim; Orion's studded belt is dim ; Twinkling faint, and distant far, Shimmers through mist each planet star; Vol. I. 5 50 THE LAY OF Canto I. Ill may I read their high decree ! But no kind influence deign they shower On Teviot's tide, and Branksome's tower, Till pride be quell'd, and love be free." XVIII. The unearthly voices ceast, And the heavy sound was still ; It died on the river's breast, It died on the side of the hill. But round Lord David's tower The sound still floated near; For it rung in the Ladye's bower, And it rung in the Ladye's ear. She raised her stately head, And her heart throbb'd high with pride: — "Your mountains shall bend, And your streams ascend, Ere Margaret be our foeman's bride ! " XIX. The Ladye sought the lofty hall, Where many a bold retainer lay, And, with jocund din, among them all, Her son pursued his infant play. A fancied moss-trooper, 1 the boy The truncheon of a spear bestrode, And round the hall, right merrily, In mimic foray 2 rode. Even bearded knights, in arms grown old, Share in his frolic gambols bore, 1 See Appendix, Note G. 2 Foray, a predatory inroad. Canto I. THE LAST MINSTREL. 51 Albeit their hearts of rugged mould, Were stubborn as the steel they wore. For the grey warriors prophesied, How the brave boy, in future war, Should tame the Unicorn's pride, 1 Exalt the Crescent and the Star. 2 XX. The Ladye forgot her purpose high, One moment, and no more ; One moment gazed with a mother's eye, As she paused at the arched door: Then from amid the armed train, She call'd to her William of Deloraine. 3 XXI. A stark moss-trooping Scott was he, As e'er couch'd Border lance by knee : Through Solway sands, through Tarras moss, Blindfold he knew the paths to cross; By wily turns, by desperate bounds, Had baffled Percy's best blood-hounds. 1 In Eske, or Liddel, fords were none, But he would ride them, one by one; 1 [This line, of which the metre appears defective, would have its full complement of feet according to the pronunciation of the poet himself — as all who were familiar with his utterance of the letter r will bear testimony. — Ed.] 2 The arms of the Kerrs of Cessford were, Vert on a cheveron, betwixt three unicorns' heads erased argent, three mullets sable , crest, a unicorn's head erased proper. The Scotts of Buccleuch bore, Or, on a bend azure ; a star of six points betwixt two cres- cents of the first. 3 See Appendix, Note H. 4 See Appendix, Note L 52 THE LAY OF Canto I. Alike to him was time or tide, December's snow, or July's pride; Alike to him was tide or time, Moonless midnight, or matin prime: Steady of heart, and stout of hand, As ever drove prey from Cumberland ; Five times outlawed had he been, By England's King, and Scotland's Queen. XXII. " Sir William of Deloraine, good at need, Mount thee on the wightest steed; Spare not to spur, nor stint to ride, Until thou come to fair Tweedside; And in Melrose's holy pile Seek thou the Monk of St. Mary's aisle. Greet the Father well from me; Say that the fated hour is come, And to-night he shall watch with thee, To win the treasure of the tomb : For this will be St. Michael's night, And, though stars be dim, the moon is bright And .the Cross, of bloody red, Will point to the grave of the mighty dead. XXIII. " What he gives thee, see thou keep ; Stay not thou for food or sleep: Be it scroll, or be it book, Into it, Knight, thou must not look ; If thou readest, thou art lorn ! Better had'st thou ne'er been born." — Canlo I. THE LAST MINSTREL. 53 XXIV. " O swiftly can speed my dapple-grey steed, Which drinks of the Teviot clear; Ere hreak of day," the Warrior 'gan say, " Again will I be here : And safer by none may thy errand be done, Than, noble dame, by me ; Letter nor line know I never a one, Were 't my neck- verse at Hairibee." ! XXV. Soon in his saddle sate he fast, And soon the steep descent he past, Soon cross'd the sounding barbican, 2 And soon the Teviot side he won. Eastward the wooded path he rode, Green hazels o'er his basnet nod ; He pass'd the Peel 3 of Goldiland, And cross'd old Borthwick's roaring strand; Dimly he view'd the Moat-hill's mound, Where Druid shades still flitted round: 4 In Hawick twinkled many a light ; Behind him soon they set in night ; 1 Hairibee, the place of executing- the Border marauders at Carlisle. The neck-verse is the beginning of the 51st Psalm, Miserere mei, &c, anciently read by criminals claiming the benefit of clergy. 2 Barbican, the defence of the outer gate of a feudal castle. 3 Peel, a Border tower. 4 This is a round artificial mount near Hawick, which, from its name, (33M. Ang. Sax. Concilium, Conventus,) was probably anciently used as a place for assembling a national council of the adjacent tribes. There are many such mounds in Scotland, and they are sometimes, but rarely, of a square form. C 5* 54 THE LAY OF Canto I And soon he spurr'd his courser keen Beneath the tower of Hazeldean. 1 XXVI. The clattering hoofs the watchmen mark ; — " Stand, ho ! thou courier of the dark." — " For Branksome, ho !" the knight rejoin'd, And left the friendly tower behind. He turn'd him now from Teviotside, And, guided by the tinkling rill, Northward the dark ascent did ride, And gained the moor at Horsliehill ; Broad on the left before him lay, For many a mile, the Roman way. 2 _ XXVII. A moment now he slack'd his speed, A moment breathed his panting steed ; Drew saddle-girth and corslet-band, And loosen'd in the sheath his brand. On Minto-crags the moonbeams glint, 3 Where Barnhill hew'd his bed of flint; Who flung his outlaw'd limbs to rest, Where falcons hang their giddy nest, Mid cliffs, from whence his eagle eye For many a league his prey could spy ; J The estate of Hazeldean, corruptly Hassendean, belonged formerly to a family of Scotts, thus commemorated by Satch- ells:— " Hassendean came without a call, The ancientest house among them all." 2 An ancient Roman road, crossing through part of Roxburgh shire. 3 See Appendix, Note K. Canto 1. THE LAST MINSTREL. 55 Clifls, doubling, on their echoes borne, The terrors of the robber's horn ; Clifls, which, for many a later year, The warbling Doric reed shall hear, When some sad swain shall teach the grove, Ambition is no cure for love ! XXVIII. Unchallenged, thence pass'd Deloraine, To ancient Riddel's fair domain, 1 Where Aill, from mountains freed, Down from the lakes did raving come ; Each wave was crested with tawny foam, Like the mane of a chestnut steed. In vain ! no torrent, deep or broad, Might bar the bold moss-trooper's road. XXIX. At the first plunge the horse sunk low, And the water broke o'er the saddlebow ; Above the foaming tide, I ween, Scarce half the charger's neck was seen ; For he was barded 2 from counter to tail, And the rider was armed complete in mail ; Never heavier man and horse Stemm'd a midnight torrent's force. The warrior's very plume, I say, Was daggled by the dashing spray : Yet, through good heart, and Our Ladye's grace, At length he gain'd the landing place. 1 See Appendix, Note L. 2 Barded, or barbed, — applied to a horse accoutred with defen Bive armour. 56 THE LAY OF Canlo I XXX. Now Bowden Moor the march-man won, And sternly shook his plumed head, As glanced his eye o'er Halidon ; l For on his soul the slaughter red Of that unhallow'd morn arose, When first the Scott and Carr were foes; When royal James beheld the fray, Prize to the victor of the day ; When Home and Douglas, in the van, Bore down Buccleuch's retiring clan, Till gallant Cessford's heart-blood dear Reek'd on dark Elliot's Border spear. XXXI. In bitter mood he spurred fast, And soon the hated heath was past; And far beneath, in lustre wan, Old Melros' rose, and fair Tweed ran : Like some tall rock with lichens gray, Seem'd dimly huge, the dark Abbaye. When Hawick he pass'd, had curfew rung, Now midnight lauds 2 were in Melrose sung. The sound, upon the fitful gale, In solemn wise did rise and fail, Like that wild harp,j whose magic tone Is waken'd by the winds alone. 4 v( 1 Halidon was an ancient seat of the Kerrs of Cessford, now demolished. About a quarter of a mile to the northward lay the field of battle betwixt Buccleuch and Angus, which is called to this day the Skirmish Field. — See Appendix, Note C. 2 Lauds, the midnight service of the Catholic church. 'Canto I. THE LAST MINSTREL. 57 But when Melrose he reach'd, 'twas silence all; He meetly stabled his steed in stall, And sought the convent's lonely wall. 1 Here paused the harp ; and with its swell The Master's fire and courage fell: Dejectedly, and low, he bow'd, And, gazing timid on the crowd, He seem'd to seek, in every eye, If they approved his minstrelsy; And, diffident of present praise, Somewhat he spoke of former days, 1 The ancient and beautiful monastery of Melrose was founded by King David I. Its ruins afford the finest specimen of Gothic architecture and Gothic sculpture which Scotland can boast. The stone of which it is built, though it has resisted the weather for so many ages, retains perfect sharpness, so that even the most minute ornaments seem as entire as when newly wrought. In some of the cloisters, as is hinted in the next Canto, there are representations of flowers, vegetables, &c. carved in stone, with accuracy and precision so delicate, that we almost distrust our senses, when we consider the difficulty of subjecting so hard a substance to such intricate and exquisite modulation. This superb convent was dedicated to St. Mary, and the monks were of the Cistertian order. At the time of the Reformation, they shared in the general reproach of sensuality and irregularity, thrown upon the Roman churchmen. The old words of Gala- shiels, a favourite Scottish air, ran thus : — O the monks of Melrose made gude kale 2 On Fridays when they fasted : They wanted neither beef nor ale, As long as their neighbours' lasted, a Kale, Bruth. 58 THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. Canto I. And how old age, and wand'ring long, Had done his hand and harp some wrong. The Duchess, and her daughters fair, And every gentle lady there, Each after each, in due degree, (rave praises to his melody ; His hand was true, his voice was clear, And much they long'd the rest to hear. Encouraged thus, the Aged Man, After meet rest, again began. THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. CANTO SECOND. til THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. CANTO SECOND, I. If thou would'st view fair Melrose aright, Go visit it by the pale moonlight; For the gay beams of lightsome day Gild, but to flout, the ruins grey. When the broken arches are black in night, And each shafted oriel glimmers white ; When the cold light's uncertain shower Streams on the ruin'd central tower; When buttress and buttress, alternately, Seem framed of ebon and ivory; When silver edges the imagery, And the scrolls that teach thee to live and die ; l When distant Tweed is heard to rave, And the owlet to hoot o'er the dead man's grave, 1 The buttresses, ranged along the sides of the ruins of Melrose Abbey, are, according to the Gothic style, richly carved and fret- ted, containing niches for the statues of saints, and labelled with scrolls, bearing appropriate texts of Scripture. Most of these statues have been demolished. Vol. I. (3 62 THE LAY OF Canto I) Then go — but go alone the while— Then view St. David's ruin'd pile; 1 And, home returning, soothly swear, Was never scene so sad and fair ! II. Short halt did Deloraine make there; Little reck'd he of the scene so fair : With dagger's hilt, on the wicket strong, He struck full loud, and struck full long. The porter hurried to the gate — " Who knocks so loud, and knocks so late ?" — " From Branksome I," the warrior cried ; And straight the wicket open'd wide : For Branksome's Chiefs had in battle stood. To fence the rights of fair Melrose ; And lands and livings, many a rood, Had gifted the shrine for their souls' repose. 2 III. Bold Deloraine his errand said; The porter bent his humble head; With torch in hand, and feet unshod, And noiseless step, the path he trod : 1 David I. of Scotland, purchased the reputation of sanctity, by founding, and liberally endowing, not only the monastery of Melrose, but those of Kelso, Jedburgh, and many others ; which led to the well-known observation of his successor, that he was a sore saint for the crown. 2 The Buccleuch family were great benefactors to the Abbey " Melrose. As early as the reign of Robert II., Robert Scott, Won of Murdieston and Rankleburn, (now Bfaccleuch,) gave to "he monks the lands of Hinkery, in Ettrick Forest, pro salute .nimce sua. — Chartulary of Melrose, 28th May, 1415. V&nlO II. THE LAST MINSTREL. 63 The arched cloister, far and wide, Rang to the warriors clanking stride, Till, stooping low his lofty crest, He enter'd the cell of the ancient priest, And lifted his barred aventayle, 1 To hail the monk of St. Mary's aisle, IV. " The Ladye of Branksome greets thee by me; Says, that the fated hour is come, And that to-night I shall watch with thee, To win the treasure of the tomb." — From sackcloth couch the Monk arose, With toil his stifFen'd limbs he rear'd ; A hundred years had flung their snows On his thin locks and floating beard. V. And strangely on the Knight looked he, And his blue eyes gleam'd wild and wide: * And, darest thou, Warrior ! seek to see What heaven and hell alike would hide? My breast, in belt of iron pent, With shirt of hair and scourge of thorn ; For threescore years, in penance spent, My knees those flinty stones have worn; Yet all too little to atone For knowing what should ne'er be known. Would'st thou thy every future year In ceaseless prayer and penance drie, Yet wait thy latter end with fear — Then, daring Warrior, follow me !" — 1 Aventayle, visor of the helmet G t TJIE LAY OF Canto II VI. "Penance, father, will I none; Prayer know I hardly one; For mass or prayer can I rarely tarry. Save to patter an Ave Mary, When I ride on a Border foray. 1 Other prayer can I none ; So speed me my errand, and let me be gone."* — VIL Again on the Knight look'd the Churchman old, And again he sighed heavily; For he had himself been a warrior bold, And fought in Spain and Italy. And he thought on the days that were long since "6y, When his limbs were strong, and his courage was high :— Now, slow and faint, he led the way, Where, cloistered round, the garden lay ; The pillared arches were over their head, And beneath their feet were the bones of the dead. 2 1 The Borderers were, as may "be supposed, very ignorant about religious matters. Colville, in his Paranesis, or Admonitioii^. states, that the reformed divines were so far from undertaking- distant journeys to- convert the Heathen, "as I wold wis at God that ye woH only go bot to the Hieknds and Borders of our own realm, to gain our awin countreymen, who, for lack of preching- and ministration of the sacraments, must, with tyme, becum either infidells, or atheists." But we learn, from Lesley, that, however deficient in real religion, they regularly told their beads, and never with more zeal than when going on a plundering expedition. 2 The cloisters were frequently used as places of sepulture. Are instance occurs in Dryburgh Abbey, where the cloister 1ms an inscription, bearing, Hicjacet fratet Arekibaldu&* Canto II. THE LAST MINSTREL. 65 VIII. Spreading herbs, and flowerets bright, Glisten'd with the dew of night ; Nor herb, nor floweret, glisten'd there, But was carved in the cloister-arches as fair. The Monk gazed long on the lovely moon, Then into the night he looked forth; And red and bright the streamers light Were dancing in the glowing north. So had he seen, in fair Castile, The youth in glittering squadrons start; 1 Sudden the flying jennet wheel, And hurl the unexpected dart. He knew, by the streamers that shot so bright, That spirits were riding the northern light. IX. By a steel-clenched postern door, They enter'd now the chancel tall ; The darken'd roof rose high aloof On pillars lofty and light and small : The key -stone, that lock'd each ribbed aisle, Was a fleur-de-lys, or a quartre-feuille ; The corbells 2 were carved grotesque and grim; /^*And the pillars, with cluster'd shafts so trim, With base and with capital flourish'd around, Seem'd bundles of lances which garlands had bound. 1 See Appendix, Note M. 3 Corbells, the projections from which the arches spring, usually cut in a fantastic face, or mask. 6* 66 THE LAV OF Canto II X. Full many a scutcheon and banner riven, Shook to the cold night-wind of heaven. Around the screened altar's pale ; And there the dying lamps did burn, ^Before thy low and lonely urn, O gallant Chief of Otterburne I 1 And thine, dark Knight of Liddesdale! 2 O fading honours of the dead I O high ambition^ lowly laid ! XL The moon on the east oriel shone* Through slender shafts of shapely stone, 1 The famous and desperate battle of Otterburne was fought 15th August, 1388, betwixt Henry Percy, called Hotspur, and James, Earl of Douglas. Both these renowned champions were at the head of a chosen body of troops, and they were rivals in military fame; so that Froissart affirms, " Of all the battayles and encounteryngs that I have made mencion of here before in all this hystory, great or smalle, this battayle that I treat of nowe was one of the sorest and best foughten, without cowards or faynte hertes : for there was neyther knyghte nor squyer but that dyde his devoyre, and foughte hande to hande. This batayle was lyke the batayle of Becherell, the which was valiauntly fought and endured." The issue of the conflict is well known : — Percy was made prisoner, and the Scots won the day, dearly purchased by the death of their gallant general, the Earl of Douglas, who was slain in the action. He was buried at Melrose, beneath the high altar. "His obsequye was done reverently, and on his bodye layde a tombe of stone, and his baner hangyng over hym." — Froissart, vol. ii. p. 165. 2 See Appendix, Note N. 3 It is impossible to conceive a more beautiful specimen of the lightness and elegance of Gothic architecture, when in its purity, Canto 11. THE LAST MINSTREL. 67 By foliaged tracery combined ; Thou would'st have thought some fairy's hand 'Twixt poplars straight the ozier wand, In many a freakish knot, had twined?' Then framed a spell, when the work was done, And changed the willow-wreaths to stone. The silver light, so pale and faint, Show'd many a prophet, and many a saint, Whose image on the glass was dyed ; Full in the midst, his Cross of Red Triumphant Michael brandished, And trampled the Apostate's pride. The moon-beam kiss'd the holy pane, And threw on the pavement a bloody stain. XII. They sate them down on a marble stone, 1 — (A Scottish monarch slept below ;) than the eastern window of Melrose Abbey. Sir James Hall of Dunglas, Bart, has, with great ingenuity and plausibility, traced the Gothic order through its various forms and seemingly eccen- tric ornaments, to an architectural imitation of wicker-work ; of which, as we learn from some of the legends, the earliest Chris- tian churches were constructed. In such an edifice, the original of the clustered pillars is traced to a set of round posts, begirt with slender rods of willow, whose loose summits were brought to meet from all quarters, and bound together artificially, so as to produce the frame-work of the roof: and the tracery of our Gothic windows is displayed in the meeting and interlacing of rods and hoops, affording an inexhaustible variety of beautiful forms of open work. This ingenious system is alluded to in the romance. Sir James Hall's Essay on Gothic Architecture is published in The Edinburgh Philosophical Transactions. 1 A large marble stone, in the chancel of Melrose, is pointed out as the monument of Alexander II., one of the greatest of our early kings ; others say, it is the resting-place of Waldeve, one of the early abbots, who died in the odour of sanctity. D l\8 THE LAY OF Canto II Thus spoke the Monk, in solemn tone : — " I was not always a man of woe ; For Paynim countries I have trod, And fought beneath the Cross of God : Now, strange to my eyes thine arms appear, And their iron clang sounds strange to my ear. XIII. " In these far climes it was my lot To meet the wondrous Michael Scott ; l A wizard, of such dreaded fame, That when, in Salamanca's cave, 2 Him listed his magic wand to wave, The bells would ring in Notre Dame ! 3 Some of his skill he taught to me; And, Warrior, I could say to thee The words that cleft Eildon hills in three,* And bridled the Tweed with a curb of stone: But to speak them were a deadly sin ; And for having but thought them my heart within, A treble penance must be done. 1 See Appendix, Note O. 2 Ibid. Note P. 3 Ibid. Note Q. 4 Michael Scott was, once upon a time, much embarrassed by a spirit, for whom he was under the necessity of finding constant employment. He commanded him to build a cauld, or dam-head, across the Tweed at Kelso; it was accomplished in one night, and still does honour to the infernal architect. Michael next ordered, that Eildon hill, which was then a uniform cone, should be divided into three. Another right was sufficient to part its summit into the three picturesque peaks which it now bears. At length the enchanter conquered this indefatigable demon, by employing him in the hopeless and endless task of making ropes out of sea-sand. Canto II. TUB LAST MINSTREL. 613 XIV. "When Michael lay on his dying bed, His conscience was awakened : He bethought him of his sinful deed, And he gave me a sign to come with speed : I was in Spain when the morning rose, But I stood by his bed ere evening close. The words may not again be said, That he spoke to me, on death-bed laid; They would rend this Abbaye's massy nave, And pile it in heaps above his grave. XV. "I swore to bury his Mighty Book, That never mortal might therein look ; And never to tell where it was hid, Save at his Chief of Branksome's need : And when that need was past and o'er, Again the volume to restore. I buried him on St. Michael's night, When the bell toll'd one, and the moon was bright, And I dug his chamber among the dead, When the floor of the chancel was stained red, That his patron's cross might over him wave, And scare the fiends from the Wizard's grave. XVI. " It was a night of woe and dread, When Michael in the tomb I laid! Strange sounds along the chancel pass'd, The banners waved without a blast" — —Still spoke the Monk, when the bell toll'd one!— I tell you, that a braver man 70 THE LAY OF Canto II Than William of Deloraine, good at need, Against a foe ne'er spurr'd a steed ; Yet somewhat was he chill'd with dread, And his hair did bristle upon his head. XVII. " Lo, Warrior ! now, the Cross of Red Points to the grave of the mighty dead ; Within it burns a wondrous light, To chase the spirits that love the night: That lamp shall burn unquenchably, Until the eternal doom shall be." — l Slow moved the Monk to the broad flag-stone, Which the bloody Cross was traced upon : He pointed to a secret nook ; An iron bar the Warrior took ; And the Monk made a sign with his withered hand, The grave's huge portal to expand. XVIII. With beating heart to the task he went; His sinewy frame o'er the grave-stone bent; With bar of iron heaved amain, Till the toil-drops fell from his brows, like rain. It was by dint of passing strength, That he moved the massy stone at length. I would you had been there, to see J How the light broke forth so gloriously, Stream'd upward to the chancel roof, And through the galleries far aloof! No earthly flame blazed e'er so bright : ^ It shone like heaven's own blessed light, 1 See Appendix, Note R. Canto II. THE LAST MINSTREL. 71 And, issuing from the tomb, Show'd the Monk's cowl, and visage pale, Danced on the dark-brow'd Warrior's mail, And kiss'd his waving plume. XIX. Before their eyes the Wizard lay, As if he had not been dead a day. His hoary beard in silver roll'd, He seem'd some seventy winters old ; A palmer's amice wrapp'd him round, With a wrought Spanish baldric bound, * — Like a pilgrim from beyond the sea : His left hand held his Book of Might; A silver cross was in his right; The lamp was placed beside his knee: High and majestic was his look, At which the fellest fiends had shook, And all unruffled was his face : They trusted his soul had gotten grace. XX. Often had William of Deloraine Rode through the battle's bloody plain, And trampled down the warriors slain, And neither knew remorse nor awe ; Yet now remorse and awe he own'd ; His breath came thick, his head swam round, When this strange scene of death he saw. Bewilder'd and unnerved he stood, And the priest pray'd fervently and loud : With eyes averted prayed he; He might not endure the sight to see, Of the man he had loved so brotherly. 72 THE LAY OF Canto II XXI. And when the priest his death-prayer had pray'd, Thus unto Deloraine he said: — " Now, speed thee what thou hast to do, Or, Warrior, we may dearly rue; For those, thou may'st not look upon, Are gathering fast round the yawning stone !" — Then Deloraine, in terror, took From the cold hand the Mighty Book, With iron clasp'd, and with iron bound: He thought, as he took it, the dead man frown'd ; l But the glare of the sepulchral light, Perchance, had dazzled the Warrior's sight. XXII. When the huge stone sunk o'er the tomb, The night return'd in double gloom ; For the moon had gone down, and the stars were few; And, as the Knight and Priest withdrew, With wavering steps and dizzy brain, They hardly might the postern gain. 'Tis said, as through the aisles they pass'd, They heard strange noises on the blast; 1 William of Deloraine might be strengthened in this belief by the well-known story of the Cid Ruy Diaz. When the body of' that famous Christian champion was sitting in state by the high altar of the cathedral church of Toledo, where it remained for ten years, a certain malicious Jew attempted to pull him by the beard ; but he had no sooner touched the formidable whiskers, than the corpse started up, and half unsheathed his sword. The Israelite fled ; and so permanent was the effect of his terror, that he became Christian. — Heywood's Hierarchie, p. 470, quoted from Sebastian Cobarruvias Crozee. I •unto 11. THE LAST MINSTREL. 73 And through the cloister-galleries small, Which at mid-height thread the chancel wall, / Loud sobs, and laughter louder, ran, ^\And voices unlike the voice of man; As if the fiends kept holiday, Because these spells were brought to day. I cannot tell how the truth may be; I say the tale as 'twas said to me, XXIII. f< Now, hie thee hence," the Father said, "And when we are on death-bed laid, O may our dear Ladye, and sweet St. John, Forgive our souls for the deed we have done !" — The Monk return'd him to his cell, And many a prayer and penance sped; When the convent met at the noontide bell — The Monk of St. Mary's aisle was dead ! Before the cross was the body laid, With hands clasp'd fast, as if still he pray'd. XXIV. The Knight breathed free in the morning wind, And strove his hardihood to find : He was glad when he pass'd the tombstones grey, Which girdle round the fair Abbaye ; S / For the mystic Book, to his bosom prest, ^-Felt like a load upon his breast; /And his joints, with nerves of iron twined, ( Shook, like the aspen leaves in wind. Full fain was he when the dawn of day Began to brighten Cheviot grey ; He joy'd to see the cheerful light, And he said Ave Marv, as well as he might. Vor.. I. — 7 v/ 7i THE LAY Of Canto II XXV. The sun had brighten'd Cheviot grey, The sun had brighten'd the Carter's 1 side; And soon beneath the rising day- Smiled Branksome Towers and Teviot's tide. The wild birds told their warbling tale, And waken'd every flower that blows; And peeped forth the violet pale, And spread her breast the mountain rose. And lovelier than the rose so red, Yet paler than the violet pale, She early left her sleepless bed, The fairest maid of Teviotdale. XXVI. Why does- fair Margaret so early awake, And don her kirtle so hastilie ; And the silken knots, which in hurry she would make. Why tremble her slender fingers to tie ; Why does she stop, and look often around, As she glides down the secret stair; And why does she pat the shaggy blood-hound, As he rouses him up from his lair ; And, though she passes the postern alone, Why is not the watchman's bugle blown? XXVII. The ladye steps in doubt and dread, Lest her watchful mother hear her tread; The ladye caresses the rough blood-hound, Lest his voice should waken the castle round; 1 A mountain on the Border of England, above Jedburgh. '■'■"Ho II. THE LAST MINSTREL. 75 The watchman's bugle is not blown, For he was her foster-father's son ; And she glides through the greenwood at dawn of light, To meet Baron Henry, her own true knight XXVIII. The Knight and ladye fair are met, And under the hawthorn's boughs are set. A fairer pair were never seen To meet beneath the hawthorn green. He was stately, and young, and tall ; Dreaded in battle, and loved in hall : And she, when love, scarce told, scarce hid, Lent to her cheek a livelier red ; When the half sigh her swelling breast Against the silken ribbon prest ; When her blue eyes their secret told, Though shaded by her locks of gold — Where would you find the peerless fair, With Margaret of Branksome might compare? XXIX. And now, fair dames, methinks I see You listening to my minstrelsy ; Your waving locks ye backward throw, And sidelong bend your necks of snow : Ye ween to hear a melting tale, Of two true lovers in a dale; And how the Knight, with tender fire, To paint his faithful passion strove ; Swore he might at her feet expire, But never, never cease to love; 3 THE LAY OF Canto 11. And how she hlush'd, and how she sigh'd, And, half consenting, half denied, And said that she would die a maid; — Yet, might the bloody feud be stay'd, Henry of Cranstoun, and only he, Margaret of Branksome's choice should be. XXX. Alas ! fair dames, your hopes are vain ! My harp has lost the enchanting strain ; Its lightness would my age reprove : My hairs are grey, my limbs are old, My heart is dead, my veins are cold: I may not, must not, sing of love. xixi. Beneath an oak, moss'd o'er by eld, The Baion's Dwarf his courser held, 1 And held his crested helm and spear: That Dwarf was scarce an earthly man, If the tales were true that of him ran Through all the Border, far and near. 'Twas said, when the Baron a-hunting rode Through Reedsdale's glens, but rarely trod, He heard a voice cry, " Lost ! lost ! lost !" I And, like tennis-ball by racket toss'd, °**"A leap, of thirty {eet and three, rMade from the gorse this elfin shape, Distorted like some dwarfish ape, And lighted at Lord Cranstoun's knee. Lord Cranstoun was some whit dismay'd; 'Tis said that five good miles he rade, 1 See Appendix, Note S. Canto II. THE LAST MINSTREL. 77 To rid him of his company; But where he rode one mile, the Dwarf ran four, And the Dwarf was first at the castle door. XXXII. Use lessens marvel, it is said: This elvish Dwarf with the Baron staid; Little he ate, and less he spoke, Nor mingled with the menial flock: And oft apart his arms he toss'd, And often mutter'd "Lost! lost! lost!" He was waspish, arch, and litherlie, 1 But well Lord Cranstoun served he: 1 [The idea of the imp domesticating himself with the first person he met, and subjecting himself to that one's authority, is perfectly consonant to old opinions. Ben Jonson, in his play of " The Devil is an Ass," has founded the leading incident of that comedy upon this article of the popular creed. A fiend, styled Pug, is ambitious of figuring in the world, and petitions his superior for permission to exhibit himself upon earth. The devil grants him a day-rule, but clogs it with this condition, — "Satan — Only thus more, I bind you To serve the first man that you meet; and him I'll show you now ; observe him, follow him ; But, once engaged, there you must stay and fir." It is observable that in the same play, Pug alludes to the spare ness of his diet. Mr. Scott's goblin, though " waspish, arch, and litherlie," proves a faithful and honest retainer to the lord, into whose service he had introduced himself. This sort of inconsis- tency seems also to form a prominent part of the diabolic character. Thus, in the romances of the Round Table, we find Merlin, the 6on of a devil, exerting himself most zealously in the cause of virtue and of religion, the friend and counsellor of King Arthur, the chastiser of wrongs, and the scourge of the infidels.] 7* 78 THE LAY OF Canto II And he of his service was full fain; For once he had been ta'en or slain, An it had not been for his ministry. All between Home and Hermitage, Talk'd of Lord Cranstoun's Goblin-Page. XXXIII. For the Baron went on Pilgrimage, And took with him this elvish Page, To Mary's Chapel of the Lowes: For there, beside our Ladye's lake, An offering he had sworn to make, And he would pay his vows. But the Ladye of Branksome gather'd a band Of the best that would ride at her command: 1 The trysting place was Newark Lee. Wat of Harden came thither amain, And thither came John of Thirlestane, And thither came William of Deloraine; --They were three hundred spears and three. Through Douglas-burn, up Yarrow stream, Their horses prance, their lances gleam. They came to St. Mary's lake ere day ; But the chapel was void, and the Baron away. They burn'd the chapel for very rage, And cursed Lord Cranstoun's Goblin-Page. XXXIV. And now, in Branksome's good green wood, As under the aged oak he stood, The Baron's courser pricks his ears, As if a distant noise he hears. 1 See Appendix, Note T. Canto II. THE LAST MINSTREL. 79 The Dwarf waves his long lean arm on high, And signs to the lovers to part and fly; No time was then to vow or sigh. Fair Margaret, through the hazel grove, Flew like the startled cushat-dove: 1 The Dwarf the stirrup held and rein; Vaulted the Knight on his steed amain, And, pondering deep that morning's scene, Rode eastward through the hawthorns green. ( While thus he pour'd the lengthen'd tale, The Minstrel's voice began to fail : • Full slyly smiled the observant page, And gave the wither'd hand of age A goblet, crown'd with mighty wine, The blood of Velez' scorched vine. He raised the silver cup on high, And, while the big drop fill'd his eye, Pray'd God to bless the Duchess long, And all who cheer'd a son of song. The attending maidens smiled to see How long, how deep, how zealously, The precious juice the Minstrel quafPd ; And he, embolden'd by the draught, Look'd gaily back to them, and laugh'd. The cordial nectar of the bowl Swell'd his old veins, and cheer'd his soul; A lighter, livelier prelude ran, Ere thus his tale again began. Wood pigeon THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. CANTO THIRD 83 THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. CANTO THIRD. I. And said I that my limbs were old, And said I that my blood was cold, And that my kindly fire was fled, And my poor wither'd heart was dead, And that I might not sing of love? — How could I to the dearest theme, That ever warm'd a minstrel's dream, So foul, so false a recreant prove ! How could I name love's very name, Nor wake my heart to notes of flame ! II. In peace, Love tunes the shepherd's reed; In war, he mounts the warrior's steed; In halls, in gay attire is seen ; In hamlets, dances on the green. Love rules the court, the camp, the grove, And men below, and saints above ; For love is heaven, and heaven is love. 84 THE LAY OF Canto III. III. So thought Lord Cranstoun, as I ween, While, pondering deep the tender scene, He rode through Branksome's hawthorn green. But the page shouted wild and shrill, And scarce his helmet could he don, When downward from the shady hill A stately knight came pricking on. That warrior's steed, so dapple-grey, Was dark with sweat, and splash'd with clay; His armour red with many a stain : He seem'd in such a weary plight, As if he had ridden the live-long night ; For it was William of Deloraine. IV. But no whit weary did he seem, When, dancing in the sunny beam, He mark'd the crane on the Baron's crest; 1 For his ready spear was in his rest. Few were the words, and stern and high, That mark'd the foemen's feudal hate; For question fierce, and proud reply, Gave signal soon of dire debate. Their very coursers seem'd to know That each was other's mortal foe, And snorted fire, when wheel'd around, To give each knight his vantage-ground. 1 The crest of the Cranstouns, in allusion to their name, is a crane dormant, holding a stone in his foot, with an emphatic Border motto, Thuu shalt want ere I want. Vanto III THE LAST MINSTREL. 85 V. In rapid round the Baron bent ; He sigh'd a sigh, and pray'd a prayer ; The prayer was to his patron saint, The sigh was to his ladye fair. Stout Deloraine nor sigh'd nor pray'd, Nor saint, nor ladye, call'd to aid ; But he stoop'd his head, and couch'd his spear, And spurr'd his steed to full career. / The meeting of these champions proud ^ V Seem'd like the bursting thunder-cloud. VI. Stern was the dint the Borderer lent ! The stately Baron backwards bent ; Bent backwards to his horse's tail, And his plumes went scattering on the gale ; The tough ash spear, so stout and true, Into a thousand flinders flew. But Cranstoun's lance, of more avail, Pierced through, like silk, the Borderer's mail , Through shield, and jack, and acton, past, Deep in his bosom broke at last. — Still sate the warrior saddle-fast, Till, stumbling in the mortal shock, Down went the steed, the girthing broke, Hurl'd on a heap lay man and horse. The Baron onward pass'd his course ; Nor knew — so giddy roll'd his brain — His foe lay stretch'd upon the plain. VII. But when he rein'd his courser round, And saw his foeman on the ground Vol. I. SG THE LAY OF Canlo III. *—~ -Lie senseless as the bloody clay, He bade his page to stanch the wound, And there beside the warrior stay, And tend him in his doubtful state, And lead him to Branksome castle-gate : His noble mind was inly moved For the kinsman of the maid he loved. "This shalt thou do without delay: No longer here myself may stay ; Unless the swifter I speed away, Short shrift will be at my dying day." VIII. Away in speed Lord Cranstoun rode ; The Goblin-Page behind abode ; His lord's command he ne'er withstood, Though small his pleasure to do good. As the corslet off he took, The dwarf espied the Mighty Book ! Much he marvell'd a knight of pride, V (^ Like a book-bosom'd priest should ride : ' He thought not to search nor stanch the wound, Until the secret he had found. 1 " At Unthank, two miles N. E. from the church (of Ewes) there are the ruins of a chapel for divine service, in time of Popery. There is a tradition, that friars were wont to come from Melrose, or Jedburgh, to baptise and marry in this parish ; and from being- in use to carry the mass-book in their bosoms, they were called, by the inhabitants, Book-a-bosomes. There is a man yet alive, who knew old men who had been baptised by these Book-a-bosomes, and who says one of them, called Hair, used this parish for a very long- tim3." — Account of Parish of Eioes, apud Macfarlane's MSS. ■Y Canto HI. tjib last minstrel. 8? IX. The iron band, the iron clasp, Resisted long the elfin grasp: For when the first he had undone, It closed as he the next begun. Those iron clasps, that iron band, Would not yield to unchristen'd hand, Till he smear'd the cover o'er With the Borderer's curdled gore : A moment then the volume spread, And one short spell therein he read, ^ /It had much of glamour 1 might, I Could make a ladye seem a knight ; The cobwebs on a dungeon wall Seem tapestry in lordly hall ; i- -A nut-shell seem a gilded barge, A sheeling 2 seem a palace large, u v And youth seem age, and age seem youth — All was delusion, nought was truth. 3 X. He had not read another spell, When on his cheek a buffet fell, So fierce, it stretch'd him on the plain, Beside the wounded Deloraine. From the ground he rose dismay'd, And shook his huge and matted head ; One word he mutter'd, and no more — " Man of age, thou smitest sore !*' — No more the Elfin Page durst try Into the wondrous Book to pry ; 1 Magical delusion. s A shepherd's hut. b See Appendix, Note U. S3 THE LAY OF Canto HI The clasps, though smear'd with Christian gore, Shut faster than they were before. He hid it underneath his cloak. — Now, if you ask who gave the stroke, I cannot tell, so mot I thrive ; It was not given by man alive. ■ XL Unwillingly himself he address'd, To do his master's high behest: He lifted up the living corse, And laid it on the weary horse ; He led him into Branksome Hall, Before the beards of the warders all; And each did after swear and say, There only pass'd a wain of hay. He took him to Lord David's tower, Even to the Ladye's secret bower; And, but that stronger spells were spread, And the door might not be opened, He had laid him on her very bed. Whate'er he did of gramarye, 2 Was always done maliciously; He flung the warrior on the ground, And the blood well'd freshly from the wound. XII. As he repass'd the outer court, He spied the fair young child at sport: He thought to train him to the wood ; For, at a word, be it understood, See Appendix, Note V. 2 Magic Canto III THE LAST MINSTREL. 89 He was always for ill, and never for good. / Seem'd to the boy, some comrade gay Led him forth to the woods to play ; On the drawbridge the warders stout Saw a terrier and lurcher passing out. XI II. He led the boy o'er bank and fell, Until they came to a woodland brook ; The running stream dissolved the spell, 1 And his own elvish shape he took. Could he have had his pleasure vilde, He had crippled the joints of the noble child ; Or, with his fingers long and lean, Had strangled him in fiendish spleen : But his awful mother he had in dread, And also his power was limited ; So he but scowl'd on the startled child, And darted through the forest wild; The woodland brook he bounding cross'd, And laugh'd, and shouted, "Lost! lost! lost!*' — 1 It is a firm article of popular faith, that no enchantment can subsist in a living stream. Nay, if you can interpose a brook hetwixt you and witches, spectres, or even fiends, you are in per- fect safety. Burns's inimitable Tarn o' Shanter turns entirely upon such a circumstance. The belief seems to be of antiquity. Brompton informs us, that certain Irish wizards could, by spells, convert earthen clods, or stones, into fat pigs, which they sold in the market ; but which always reassumed their proper form, when driven by the deceived purchaser across a running stream. But Brompton is severe on the Irish for a very good reason. " Gens ista spurcissima non solvunt decimas." — Chronicon Johannis Brompton apud decern Scriptores, p. 1076. 90 THE LAY OF Canto III XIV. Full sore amazed at the wondrous change, And frighten'd as a child might be, At the wild yell and visage strange, And the dark words of gramarye, /The child, amidst the forest bower, ' Stood rooted like a lily flower ; And when at length, with trembling pace, He sought to find where Branksome lay, He fear'd to see that grisly face Glare from some thicket on his way. Thus, starting oft, he journey'd on, And deeper in the wood is gone, — For aye the more he sought his way, The farther still he went astray, — Until he heard the mountains round Ring to the baying of a hound. XV. And hark ! and hark ! the deep-mouth'd bark Comes nigher still, and nigher: Bursts on the path a dark blood-hound, His tawny muzzle track'd the ground, And his red eye shot fire. Soon as the wilderd child saw he, He flew at him right furiouslie. I ween you would have seen with joy The bearing of the gallant boy, When, worthy of his noble sire, [lis wet cheek glow'd 'twixt fear and ire ! He faced the blood-hound manfully, And held his little bat on high ; Canto III. THE LAST MINSTREL. 91 So fierce he struck, the dog, afraid, At cautious distance hoarsely bay'd, But still in act to spring; When dash'd an archer through the glade, And when he saw the hound was stay'd, He drew his tough bow-string; But a rough voice cried, " Shoot not, hoy ! Ho! shoot not, Edward— -'T is a boy!" XVI. The speaker issued from the wood, And check'd his fellow's surly mood, And quell'd the ban-dog's ire: He was an English yeoman good, And born in Lancashire. Well could he hit a fallow-deer Five hundred feet him fro; With hand more true, and eye more clear, No archer bended bow. His coal-black hair, shorn round and close, Set off his sun-burn'd face : Old England's sign, St. George's cross, His barret-cap did grace; His bugle-horn hung by his side, All in a wolf-skin baldric tied; And his short falchion, sharp and clear, Had pierced the throat of many a deer. XVII. His kirtle, made of forest green, Reach'd scantly to his knee; And, at his belt, of arrows keen A furbish'd sheaf bore he ; 92 THE LAY OF Canto III His buckler scarce in breadth a span, No larger fence had he; He never counted him a man, Would strike below the knee : l 1 Imitated from Drayton's account of Robin Hood and his fol- lowers : — "A hundred valiant men had this brave Robin Hood, Still ready at his call, that bowmen were right good : All clad in Lincoln green, with caps of red and blue, His fellow's winded horn not one of them but knew. When setting to their lips their bugles shrill, The warbling echoes waked from every dale and hill ; Their bauldrics set with studs athwart their shoulders cast, To which under their arms their sheafs were buckled fast, A short sword at their belt, a buckler scarce a span, Who struck below the knee not counted then a man. All made of Spanish yew, their bows were wondrous strong, They not an arrow drew but was a clothyard long. Of archery they had the very perfect craft, With broad arrow, or but, or prick, or roving shaft." Poly-Albion, Song 26. To wound an antagonist in the thigh, or leg, was reckoned contrary to the law of arms. In a tilt betwixt Gavvain Michael, an English squire, and Joachim Cathore, a Frenchman, "they met at the speare poyntes rudely : the French squyer justed right pleasantly; the Englishman ran too lowe, for he strak the Frenchman depe into the thigh. Wherewith the Erie of Buck- ingham was right sore displeased, and so were all the other lords, and sayde how it was shamefully done." Froissart, vol. i. chap. ',\66. — Upon a similar occasion, " the two knyghts came a fote eche against other rudely, with their speares low couched, to stryke eche other within the foure quarters. Johan of Castell- Morant strake the English squyer on the brest in such wyse, that Syr Wyllyam Fermetone stombled and bowed, for his fote a lyttel fayled him. He helde his speare lowe with both his handes, and coude nat amende it, and strake Syr Johan of the Castell-Morant in the thighe, so that the speare went clene throughe, that the heed was sene a handfull on the other syde. And Syr Johan with the stroke reled, but he fell nat. Than the Can/o III. THE LAST MINSTREL. 93 His slacken'd bow was in his hand, And the leash, that was his blood-hound's band. XVI1L He would not do the fair child harm, But held him with his povycrful arm, That he might neither tight nor flee ; For when the Red-Cross spied he, The boy strove long and violently. " Now, by St. George," the archer cries, ■" Edward, methinks we have a prize ! This boy's fair face, and courage free, Show he is come of high degree." — XIX. " Yes ! I am come of high degree, For I am the heir of bold Buccleuch; And, if thou dost not set me free, False Southron, thou shalt dearly rue! For Walter of Harden shall come with speed, And William of Deloraine, good at need, And every Scott, from Esk to Tweed; And, if thou dost not let me go, Despite thy arrows, and thy bow, I'll have thee hang'd to feed the crow !" — Englyshe knyghtes and squyers were ryghte sore displeased, and sayde how it was a foule stroke. Syr Wyllyam Fermetone ex- cused himselfe, and sayde how he was sorie of that adventure, and howe that yf he had knowen that it shulde have bene so, he wolde never have begon it ; sayenge how he could nat amende it, by cause of glaunsing of his fote by constraynt of the great stroke that Syr Johan of the Castell-Morant had given him." — Froissart, vol. i. chap. 373. F 04 THE LAY OF Canto ILL XX. " Gramercy, for thy good- will, fair boy ! My mind was never set so high ; But if thou art chief of such a clan, And art the son of such a man, And ever comest to thy command, Our wardens had need to keep good order; V My bow of yew to a hazel wand, Thou 'It make them work upon the Border Meantime, be pleased to come with me, For good Lord Dacre shalt thou see ; I think our work is well begun, When we have taken thy father's son," XXI. Although the child was led away, In Branksome still he scem'd to stay, For so the Dwarf his part did play ; And, in the shape of that young boy,. He wrought the castle much annoy. The comrades of the young Buccleucb He pinch'd, and beat, and overthrew; Nay, some of them he wellnigh slew. He tore Dame Maudlin's silken tire, And, as Sym Hall stood by the fire, . He lighted the match of his bandelier,* And wofully scorch'd the hackbuteer.* It may be hardly thought or said, The mischief that the urchin made, Till many of the castle guess'd, That the young Baron was possess' d ! 1 Bandelier, belt for carrying ammunition. 2 Hackbuteei\ musketeer. < 'auto Ml THE LAST MINSTREL. £5 XXII. Well I ween the charm he held The noble Ladye had soon dispell'd; But she was deeply busied then To tend the wounded Deloraine. Much she wonder'd to find him lie, On the stone threshold stretch'd along; She thought some spirit of the sky Had done the bold moss-trooper wrong ; Because, despite her precept dread, Perchance he in the Book had read ; But the broken lance in his bosom stood, And it was earthly steel and wood. XXIII. She drew the splinter from the wound, And with a charm she stanch'd the blood; 1 She bade the gash be cleansed and bound : No longer by his couch she stood ; But she has ta'en the broken lance, And washed it from the clotted gore, And salved the splinter o'er and o'er. 3 William of Deloraine in trance, Whene'er she turn'd it round and round, ^* Twisted as if she gall'd his wound. Then to her maidens she did say, 1 See several charms for this purpose in Reginald Scott's /)/. They were not arm'd like England's sons, But bore the levin-darting guns; Buff coats, all frounced and 'broider'd o'er, And morsing-horns 1 and scarfs they wore; Each better knee was bared, to aid The warriors in the escalade ; All, as they march'd, in rugged tongue, Songs of Teutonic feuds they sung. XIX. But louder still the clamour grew, And louder still the minstrels blew, When, from beneath the greenwood tree, Rode forth Lord Howard's chivalry ; His men-at-arms, with glaive and spear, Brought up the battle's glittering rear. There many a youthful knight, full keen To gain his spurs, in arms was seen ; bly of their leaders, Sir John Soltier, a natural son of Edward the Black Prince, thus addressed them : " ' I counsayle, let us be alle of one alliance, and of one accorde, and let us among' ourselves reyse up the baner of St. George, and let us be frendes to God, and enemyes to alle the worlde ; for without we make ourselfe to be feared, we gette nothynge.' " ' By my fayth,' quod Sir William Helmon, ' ye save right well, and so let us do.' They all agreed with one voyce, and so regarded among them who shulde be their capitayne. Then they odvysed in the case how they coude nat have a better capi- tayne than Sir John Soltier. For they sulde than have good leyser to do yvel, and they thought he was more metelyer thereto than any other. Then they raised up the penon of St. George, and cried, • A Soltier ! a Soltier ! the valyaunt bastarde ! frendes to God, and enemies to all the worlde!' " — Froissart, vol. i. ch. 393. 1 Powder-flasks. H 120 THE LAY OF Canto IV, With favour in his crest, or glove, Memorial of his ladye-love. So rode they forth in fair array, Till full their lengthen'd lines display ; Then call'd a halt, and made a stand, And cried, " St. George, for merry England !" XX. Now every English eye, intent, On Rranksome's armed towers was bent ; So near they were, that they might know The straining harsh of each cross-bow ; On battlement and bartizan Gleam'd axe, and spear, and partisan ; Falcon and culver, on each tower, Stood prompt their deadly hail to shower; And flashing armour frequent broke From eddying whirls of sable smoke, Where upon tower and turret head, The seething pitch and molten lead Reek'd, like a witch's caldron red. While yet they gaze, the bridges fall, The wicket opes, and from the wall Rides forth the hoary Seneschal. XXI. Armed he rode, all save the head, His white beard o'er his breast-plate spread , Unbroke by age, erect his seat, He ruled his eager courser's gait ; Forced him, with chasten'd fire, to prance, And, high curvetting, slow advance : In sign of truce, his better hand Display'd a peeled willow wand ; Canto IV. THE LAST MINSTREL. 12J His squire, attending in the rear, Bore high a gauntlet on a spear. 1 When they espied him riding out, Lord Howard and Lord Dacrc stout Sped to the front of their array, To hear what this old knight should say. XXII. " Ye English warden lords, of you Demands the Ladye of Buccleuch, Why, 'gainst the truce of Border tide, [n hostile guise ye dare to ride, With Kendal bow, and Gilsland brand, And all yon mercenary band, Upon the bounds of fair Scotland? My Ladye reads you swith return ; And, if but one poor straw you burn, Or do our towers so much molest, As scare one swallow from her nest, St. Mary! but we'll light a brand Shall warm your hearths in Cumberland." — XXIII. A wrathful man was Dacre's lord, But calmer Howard took the word : " May 't please thy Dame, Sir Seneschal, To seek the castle's outward wall, Our pursuivant-at-arms shall show Both why we came, and when we go." — 1 A glove upon a lance was the emblem of faith among the tncient Borderers, who were wont, when any one broke his word, to expose this emblem, and proclaim him a faithless villain at the first Border meeting. This ceremony was much dreaded. See Lesley. Vol.. I. 11 1^2 THE LAY OF Canto IV, The message sped, the noble Dame To the wall's outward circle came; Each chief around lean'd on his spear, To see the pursuivant appear. All in Lord Howard's livery dress'd, The lion argent deck'd his breast; He led a boy of blooming hue — sight to meet a mother's view ! It was the heir of great Buccleugh. Obeisance meet the herald made, And thus his master's will he said. XXIV. "It irks, high Dame, my noble Lords, 'Gainst ladye fair to draw their swords; But yet they may not tamely see, All through the Western Wardenry, Your law-contemning kinsmen ride, And burn and spoil the Border-side; And ill beseems your rank and birth To make your towers a flemens-firth. 1 We claim from thee William of Deloraine, That he may suffer march-treason 2 pain. It was but last St. Cuthbert's even He prick'd to Stapleton on Leven, 1 An asylum for outlaws. 2 Several species of offences, peculiar to the Border, constituted what was called march-treason. Among others, was the crime of riding, or causing to ride, against the opposite country during the time of truce. Thus, in an indenture made at the water of Eske, beside Salom, on the 25th day of March, 1334, betwixt noble lords and mighty, Sirs Henry Percy, Earl of Northumber- land, and Archibald Douglas, Lord of Galloway, a truce is*agreed upon until the 1st day of July ; and it is expressly accorded "Gif Canlo IV THE LAST MINSTREL. 123 Harried 1 the lands of Richard Musgrave, And slew his brother by dint of glaive. Then, since a lone and widow'd Dame These restless riders may not tame, Either receive within thy towers Two hundred of my master's powers, Or straight they sound their warrison, 2 And storm and spoil thy garrison : iVnd this fair boy, to London led, Shall good King Edward's page be bred." XXV. He ceased — and loud the boy did cry, And stretch'd his little arms on high ; Implored for aid each well-known face, And strove to seek the Dame's embrace. A moment changed that Ladye's cheer, Gush'd to her eye the unbidden tear ; She gazed upon the leaders round, And dark and sad each warrior frown'd ; Then, deep within her sobbing breast She lock'd the struggling sigh to rest; Unaltcr'd and collected stood, And thus replied, in dauntless mood: — XXVI. " Say to your Lords of high emprize, Who war on women and on boys, ony stellis authir on the ta part, or on the tothyr, that he shall be hanget or heofdit ; and gif ony company stellis any gudes within the trieux beforesayd, ane of that company sail be hanget or heofdit, and the remnant sail restore thegudys stolen in the dab- ble." — History of Westmoreland and Cumberland, Introd. p. xxxix. ' Plundered. 2 Note of assault 121 THE LAY OF Canto IV. That either William of Deloraine Will cleanse him, by oath, of march-treason stain, 1 Or else he will the combat take 'Gainst Musgrave, for his honour's sake. No knight in Cumberland so good, But William may count with him kin and blood. Knighthood he took of Douglas' sword, 2 When English blood swell'd Ancram's ford; 3 And but Lord Dacre's steed was wight, And bare him ably in the flight, Himself had seen him dubb'd a knight. For the young heir of Branksome's line, God be his aid, and God be mine ; Through me no friend shall meet his doom ; Here, while I live, no foe finds room. Then, if thy Lords their purpose urge, Take our defiance loud and high ; Our slogan is their lyke-wake 4 dirge, Our moat, the grave where they shall lie." 1 In dubious cases, the innocence of Border criminals was occasionally referred to their own oath. The form of excusing bills, or indictments, by Border-oath, ran thus: "You shall swear by heaven above you, hell beneath you, by your part of Paradise, by all that God made in six days and seven nights, and by God himself, you are whart out sackless of art, part, way, witting, ridd, kenning, having, or recetting of any of the goods and cat- tels named in this bill. So help you God." — History of Cum- berland, Introd. p. xxv. • See Appendix, Note E 2. 3 The battle of Ancram Moor, or Penielheuch, was fought A. D. 1545. The English, commanded by Sir Ralph Evers, and Sir Brian Latoun, wera totally routed, and both their leaders slain in the action. The Scottish army was commanded by Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, assisted by the Laird of Buc- clench and Norman Lesley. 4 Lyke-wake, li.e watching a corpse previous to interment Cavtn IV. THE LAST MINSTREL. 125 XXVII. Proud she look'd round, applause to claim — Then lighten'd Thirlestane's eye of flame ; His bugle Wat of Harden blew; Pensils and pennons wide were flung, To heaven the Border slogan rung, " St. Mary for the young Buccleuch !" The English war-cry answer'd wide, And forward bent each southern spear ; Each Kenda) archer made a stride, And drew the bowstring to his ear ; Each minstrel's war-note loud was blown ; — But, ere a gray-goose shaft had flown, A horseman gallop'd from the rear. XXVIII. " Ah ! noble Lords !" he breathless said, " What treason has your march betray'd 1 What make you here, from aid so far, Before you walls, around you war? Your foemen triumph in the thought, That in the toils the lion 's caught. Already on dark Ituberslaw The Douglas holds his weapon-schaw ; l The lances, waving in his train, Clothe the dun heath like autumn grain ; And on the Liddel's northern strand, To bar retreat to Cumberland, Lord Maxwell ranks his merry-men good, Beneath the eagle and the rood ; 1 Weapon-schaw, the military array of a county. 11* 126 THE LAY OF Canto IV. And Jedwood, Eske, and Teviotdale, Have to proud Angus come ; And all the Merse and Lauderdale Have risen with haughty Home. An exile from Northumberland, In Liddesdale I 've wander'd long ; But still my heart was with merry England, And cannot brook my country's wrong ; And hard I've spurr'd all night, to show The mustering of the coming foe." — XXIX. "And let them come!" fierce Dacre cried; " For soon yon crest, my father's pride, That swept the shores of Judah's sea, And waved in gales of Galilee, From Branksome's highest towers display'd, Shall mock the rescue's lingering aid! — Level each harquebuss on row; Draw, merry archers, draw the bow; Up, bill-men, to the walls, and cry, Dacre for England, win or die!" — XXX. " Yet hear," quoth Howard, " calmly hear, Nor deem my words the words of fear: For who, in field or foray slack, Saw the blanche lion e'er fall back ? 1 1 This was the cognizance of the noble house of Howard in all 'ts branches. The crest, or bearing, of a warrior, was often used as a nomme de guerre. Thus Richard III. acquired his well- known epithet, The Boar of York. In the violent satire on Cardinal Wolsey, written by Roy, commonly, but erroneously Canto IV. TH3 LAST MINSTREL. 127 But thus to risk our Border flower In strife against a kingdom's power, Ten thousand Scots 'gainst thousands three, Certes, were desperate policy. Nay, take the terms the Ladye made, Ere conscious of the advancing aid : Let Musgrave meet fierce Deloraine 1 nputed to Dr. Bull, the Duke of Buckingham is called the utiful Swan, and the Duke of Norfolk, or Earl of Surrey, the White Lion. As the book is extremely rare, and the whole passage relates to the emblematic interpretation of heraldry, it shall be here given at length. "The Description of the Armes. " Of the proud Cardinal this is the shelde, Borne up between two angels of Sathan ; The six bloudy axes in a bare felde, Sheweth the cruelte of the red man, Which hath devoured the Beautiful Swan, Mortal enemy unto the Whyte Lion, Carter of Vorke, the vyle butcher's sonne. The six bulles heddes in a felde blacke, Belokeneth his sturdy furiousness, Wherefore, the godly lyght to put abacke, He bryngeth in his dyvlish darcness; The bandog in the middes doth expresse The mastiff curre bred in Ypawich towne, Gnawynge with his teth a kinges crowne. The cloubbe signifieth playne his tiranny, Covered over with a Cardinal's hatt, Wherein shall he fulfilled the prophecy, Aryse up, Jacke, and put on thy salatt, For the tyme is come of bagge and walatt. The temporall chevalry thus thrown doune, Wherefbr, prest, take hede, and beware thy crowne." There were two copies of this very scarce satire in the library of the late John, Duke of Roxburghe. See an account of it also in Sir Egerton Brydges' curious miscellany, the Censura Lite- ral- i 'a. 1 See Appendix, Note F 2. 128 THE LAV OF Canto IV In single fight, and, if he gain, He gains for us ; but if he 's cross'd, 'T is but a single warrior lost : The rest, retreating as they came, Avoid defeat, and death, and shame." XXXI. Ill could the haughty Dacre brook His brother Warden's sage rebuke. And yet his forward step he staid, And slow and sullenly obey'd. But ne'er again the Border side Did these two lords in friendship ride ; And this slight discontent, men say, Cost blood upon another day. XXXII. The pursuivant-at-arms again Before the castle took his stand ; His trumpet call'd, with parleying strain, The leaders of the Scottish band ; And he defied, in Musgrave's right, Stout Deloraine to single fight; A gauntlet at their feet he laid, And thus the terms of fight he said : — " If in the lists good Musgrave's sword Vanquish the Knight of Deloraine, Your youthful chieftain, Branksome's Lord, Shall hostage for his clan remain : If Deloraine foil good Musgrave, The boy his liberty shall have. Howe'er it falls, the English band, Unharming Scots, by Scots unharm'd, In peaceful march, like men unarm'd Shall straight retreat to Cumberland. Canto IV. TUE LAST MINSTREL. 129 XXXIII. Unconscious of the near relief, The proffer pleased each Scottish chief, Though much the Ladye sage gainsay'd ; For though their hearts were brave and true, From Jed wood's recent sack they knew, How tardy was the Regent's aid: And you may guess the noble Dame Durst not the secret prescience own, Sprung from the art she might not name, By which the coming help was known. Closed was the compact, and agreed That lists should be enclosed with speed, Beneath the castle on a lawn: They fix'd the morrow for the strife, On foot, with Scottish axe and knife, At the fourth hour from peep of dawn ; When Delorainc, from sickness freed, Or else a champion in his stead, Should for himself and chieftain stand, Against stout Musgrave, hand to hand. XXXIV. I know right well, that in their lay, Full many minstrels sing and say, Such combat should be made on horse, On foaming steed, in full career, With brand to aid, when as the spear Should shiver in the course : But he, the Jovial Harper, 1 taught Me, yet a youth, how it was fought, See Appendix, Note G 2. 130 THE LAY OF Canto IV In guise, which now I say; He knew each ordinance and clause Of Black Lord Archibald's battle-laws, 1 In the old Douglas' day. He brook'd not, he, that scoffing tongue Should tax his minstrelsy with wrong, Or call his song untrue ; For this, when they the goblet plied, And such rude taunt had chafed his pride, The Bard of Reull he slew. On Teviot's side, in fight they stood, And tuneful hands were stain'd with blood ; Where still the thorn's white branches wave, Memorial o'er his rival's grave. 1 The title to the most ancient collection of Border regulations runs thus: — "Be it remembered, that, on the 18th day of Decem- ber, 1468, Earl William Douglas assembled the whole lords, freeholders, and eldest Borderers, that best knowledge had, at the college of Linclouden ; and there he caused these lords and Bor- derers bodily to be sworn, the Holy Gospel touched, that they, justly and truly, after their cunning, should decrete, decern, de- liver, and put in order and writing, the statutes, ordinances, and uses of marche, that were ordained in Black Archibald of Dou- glas's days, and Archibald his son's days, in time of warfare; and they came again to him advisedly with these statutes and ordi- nances, which were in time of warfare before. The said Earl William, seeing the statutes in writing decreed and delivered by the said lords and Borderers, thought them right speedful and profitable to the Borders ; the which statutes, ordinances, and points of warfare, he took, and the whole lords and Borderers he caused bodily to be sworn, that th?y should maintain and supply him at their goodly power, to do the law upon those that should break the statutes underwritten. Also, the said Earl William, and lords, and eldest Borderers, made certain points to be treason i;i time of warfare to be used, which were no treason before his time, but to be treason in his* time, and in all time coming. 1 ' Canto IV. THE LAST MINSTREL. 131 WAV. Why should I tell the rigid doom, That dragg'd my master to his tomb ; How Ousenam's maidens tore their hair, Wept till their eyes were dead and dim, And wrung their hands for love of him, Who died at Jedwood Air? He died! — his scholars, one hy one, To the cold silent grave are gone; And I, alas ! survive alone, To muse o'er rivalries of yore, And grieve that I shall hear no more The strains, with envy heard before ; For, with my minstrel brethren fled, My jealousy of song is dead. He paused: the listening dames again Applaud the hoary Minstrel's strain. With many a word of kindly cheer, — In pity half, and half sincere, — Marvell'd the Duchess how so well His legendary song could tell — Of ancient deeds, so long forgot; Of feuds, whose memory was not ; Of forests, now laid waste and bare ; Of towers, which harbour now the hare ; Of manners, long since changed and gone ; Of chiefs, who under their grey stone So long had slept, that fickle Fame Had blotted from her rolls their name, And twined round some new minion's head The fading wreath for which they bled; 132 THE LAV OF THE LAST MINSTREL. Canto IV In sooth, 'twas strange, this old man's verse Could call them from their marble hearse. The Harper smiled, well-pleased; for ne'er Was flattery lost on poet's ear: A simple race ! they waste their toil For the vain tribute of a smile ; E'en when in age their flame expires, Her dulcet breath can fan its fires: Their drooping fancy wakes at praise, 'And strives to trim the short-lived blaze. Smiled then, well-pleased, the Aged Man, And thus his tale continued ran. THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. CANTO FIFTH. 135 LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. CANTO FIFTH. T. Call it not vain: — they do not err, Who say, that when the Poet dies, Mute Nature mourns her worshipper, And celebrates his obsequies: Who say, tall cliff, and cavern lone, For the departed Bard make moan ; That mountains weep in crystal rill ; That flowers in tears of balm distil ; Through his loved groves that breezes sigh, And oaks, in deeper groan, reply; And rivers teach their rushing wave To murmur dirges round his grave. II. Not that, in sooth, o'er mortal urn Those things inanimate can mourn ; But that the stream, the wood, the gale, Is vocal with the plaintive wail Of those, who, else forgotten long, Lived in the pott's faithful song, 130 THE LAY OF Canto V And, with the poet's parting breath, Whose memory feels a second death. The Maid's pale shade, who wails her lot, That love, true love, should be forgot, From rose and hawthorn shakes the tear Upon the gentle Minstrel's bier : The phantom Knight, his glory fled, Mourns o'er the field he heap'd with dead ; Mounts the wild blast that sweeps amain, And shrieks along the battle-plain : The Chief, whose antique crownlet long Still sparkled in the feudal song, Now, from the mountain's misty throne, Sees, in the thanedom once his own, His ashes undis.tinguish'd lie, His place, his power, his memory die : His groans the lonely caverns fill, His tears of rage impel the rill : All mourn the Minstrel's harp unstrung, Their name unknown, their praise unsung. III. Scarcely the hot assault was staid, The terms of truce were scarcely made, When they could spy, from Branksome's towers, The advancing march of martial powers. Thick clouds of dust afar appear'd, And trampling steeds were faintly heard ; Bright spears, above the columns dun, Glanced momentary to the sun ; And feudal banners fair display'd The bands that moved to Branksome's aid. CanlO V. THE LAST MINSTREL. 137 IV. Vails not to tell each hardy clan, From the fair Middle Marches came; The Bloody Heart blazed in the van, ' Announcing Douglas, dreaded name! 1 Vails not to tell what steeds did spurn, 2 Where the Seven Spears of Wedderburne Their men in battle-order set; And S win ton laid the lance in rest, That tamed of yore the sparkling crest Of Clarence's Plantagenet. 3 Nor list I say what hundreds more, From the rich Merse and Lammermore, And Tweed's fair borders, to the war, Beneath the crest of Old Dunbar, And Hepburn's mingled banners come, Down the steep mountain glittering far, And shouting still, "A Home! a Home!" 1 1 The chief of this potent race of heroes, about the date of the poem, was Archibald Douglas, seventh Earl of Angus, a man of great courage and activity. The Bloody Heart was the well- known cognizance of the house of Douglas, assumed from the. time of good Lord James, to whose care Robert Bruce committed his heart, to be carried to the Holy Land. 2 Sir David Home of Wedderburn, who was slain in the fatal battle of Flodden, left seven sons by his wife, Isabel, daughter of Hoppr ingle of Galashiels (now Pringle of Whitebank.) They were called the Seven Spears of Wedderburne. 3 At the battle of Beauge, in France, Thomas, Duke of Cla- rence, brother to Henry V., was unhorsed by Sir John Svvinton of Swinton, who distinguished him by a coronet set with precious stones, which he wore around his helmet. The family of Swinton is one of the most ancient in Scotland, and produced many cele- brated warriors. * The Earls of Home, as descendants of the Dunbars, ancient 12* 138 THE LAY OF Canto V. V. Now squire and knight, from Branksome sent, On many a courteous message went; To every chief and lord they paid Meet thanks for prompt and powerful aid; And told them. — how a truce was made, And how a day of fight was ta'en 'Twixt Musgrave and stout Deloraine ; And how the Ladye pray'd them dear, That all would stay the fight to see, And deign, in love and courtesv, To taste of Branksome cheer. Nor, while they bade to feast each Scot, Were England's noble Lords forgot Himself, the hoary Seneschal Rode forth, in seemly terms to call Those gallant foes to Branksome Hall. Accepted Howard, than whom knight Was never dubb'd, more bold in fight; Nor, when from war and armour free, More famed for stately courtesy : But angry Dacre rather chose In his pavilion to repose. Earls of March, carried a lion rampant, argent ; but, as a differ- ence, changed the colour of the shield from gules to vert, in allu- sion to Greenlaw, their ancient possession. The slogan, or war- cry, of this powerful family, was, "A Home ! a Home !" It was anciently place:! in an escrol above the crest. The helmet is armed with a lion's head erased gules, with a cap of state gules, turned up ermine. The Hepburns, a powerful family in East Lothian, were usually in close alliance with the Homes. The chief of this clan was Hepburn, Lord of Hail es; a family which terminated in the too famous Eai] of Bothwell. Canto V. THE LAST MINSTREL. 139 VI. Now, noble Dame, perchance you ask, How these two hostile armies met? Deeming it were no easy task To keep the truce which here was set; Where martial spirits, all on fire, Breathed only blood and mortal ire. — By mutual inroads, mutual blows, By habit, and by nation, foes, They met on Teviot's strand; They met and sate them mingled down, Without a threat, without a frown, As brothers meet in foreign land: The hands, the spear that lately grasp'd, Still in the mailed gauntlet clasp'd, Were interchanged in greeting dear; Visors were raised, and faces shown, And many a friend, to friend made known, Partook of social cheer. Some drove the jolly bowl about; With dice and draughts some chased the day; And some, with many a merry shout, In riot, revelry, and rout, Pursued the foot-ball play. 1 1 The foot-ball was anciently a very favourite sport all through Scotland, but especially upon the Borders. Sir John Carmichael of Carmichael, Warden of the Middle Marches, was killed in 1600 by a band of the Armstrongs, returning from a foot-ball match/ Sir Robert Carey, in his Memoirs, mentions a great meeting, appointed by the Scotch riders to be held at Kelso for the purpose of playing at foot-ball, but which terminated in an incursion upon England. At present, the foot-ball is often play- ed by the inhabitants of adjacent parishes, or of the opposite MO THE LAY OF CWnte V VII. Yet, be it known, had bugles blown, Or sign of war been seen, Those bands, so fair together ranged, Those hands, so frankly interchanged, Had dyed with gore the green : The merry shout by Teviot-side Had sunk in war-cries wild and wide, And in the groan of death ; And whingers, 1 now in friendship bare The social meal to part and share, Had found a bloody sheath. . 'Twixt truce and war, such sudden change Was not infrequent, nor held strange, In the old Border-day: 2 But yet on Branksome's towers and town, In peaceful merriment, sunk down The sun's declining ray. banks of a stream. The victory is contested with the utmost fury, and very serious accidents have sometimes taken place in the struggle. 1 A sort of knife, or poniard. 2 Notwithstanding the constant wars upon the Borders, and' the occasional cruelties which marked the mutual inroads, the in- habitants on either side do not appear to have regarded each other with that violent and personal animosity, which might have been expected. On the contrary, like the outposts of hostile armies, they often carried on something resembling friendly inter- course, even in the middle of hostilities; and it is evident, from various ordinances against trade and intermarriages, between English and Scottish Borderers, that the governments of both countries were jealous of their cherishing too intimate a con- nexion. Froissart says of both nations, that " Englyshmen on. the one party, and Scottes on the other party, 3 re good men of Canto V. THE LAST MINSTREL. 14] VIII. The blithsomc signs of wassol gay Decay'd not with the dying day ; Soon through the latticed windows tall Of lofty Branksome's lordly hall, Divided square by shafts of stone, Huge flakes of ruddy lustre shone; Nor less the gilded rafters rang With merry harp and beakers' clang: And frequent, on the darkening plain, Loud hollo, whoop, or whistle ran, As bands, their stragglers to regain, Give the shrill watchword of their clan ; ■ warre; for when they meet, there is a harde fight without sparynge. There is no hoo [truce] between them, as long as spears, swords, axes, or daggers, will endure, but lay on eche upon uther; and whan they be well beaten, and that the one party hath obtained the victory, they then gloryfye so in theyre dedes of armies, and are so joyfull, that such as be taken they shall be ransomed, or that they go out of the felde ; so that shortly eche of them is so content with other, that, at their de- partynge, curtyslye they will say, God thank you."— Berners's Froissart, vol. ii. p. 153. The Border meetings of truce, which, although places of merchandise and merriment, often witnessed the most bloody scenes, may serve to illustrate the description in the text. They are vividly pourtrayed in the old ballad of the Reidsquair. Both parties came armed to a meeting of the wardens, yet they intermixed fearlessly and peaceably with each other in mutual sports and familiar intercourse, until a casual fray arose : — " Then was there nought but bow and spear, And every man pulled out a brand." In the 29th stanza of this canto, there is an attempt to express some of the mixed feelings, with which the Borderers on each side were led to regard their neighbours. 1 Patten remarks, with bitter censure, the disorderly conduct 1 12 THE LAY OF CanU) V And revellers, o'er their bowls, proclaim Douglas or Dacre's conquering name. IX. Less frequent heard and fainter still, At length the various clamours died : And you might hear, from Branksome hill, No sound but Teviot's rushing tide ; Save when the changing sentinel The challenge of his watch could tell ; of the English Borderers, who attended the Protector Somerset on his expedition against Scotland. " As we wear then a setlingv and the tents a setting- up, among all things els commendable in our hole journey, one thing seemed to me an intolerable disorder and abuse : that whereas always, both in all tounes of war, and in all campes of armies, quietness and stilness, without nois, is,. principally in the night, after the watch is set, observed, (I nede not reason why,) our northern prikers, the Borderers, notwith- standyng, with great enormitie, (as thought me,) and not unlike (to be playn) unto a masteries hounde howlying in a hie way when he hath lost him he waited upon, sum hoopynge, sum whistlyng, and most with crying, A Berwyke, a Berwyke ! A Fenwyke, a Fenwyke ! A Bulmer ! a Buhner ! or so ootherwise- as theyr captains names wear, never lin'de these troublous and dangerous noyses all the nyghte longe. They said, they did it to find their captain and fellows; but if the souldiers of our oother countreys and sheres had used the same maner, in that case we- should have oft tymes had the state of our campe more like the- outrage of a dissolute huntyng, than the quiet of a well ordered armye. It is a feat of war, in mine opinion, that might right well be left. I could reherse causes (but yf I take it, they are- better unspoken than uttred, unless the fa nt wear sure to be amended) that might shew thei move alweis more peral to our armie, but in their one nyght's so doynge, than they shew good service (as some sey) in a hoole vyage." — Apv.d Dalzeltl's. Fragments, p. 75. Canto 1 rHE LAST MINSTREL. 143 And save, where, through the dark profound, The clanging axe and hammer's sound Rung from the nether lawn ; For many a busy hand toil'd there, Strong pales to shape, and beams to square, The lists' dread barriers to prepare Against the morrow's dawn. X. Margaret from hall did soon retreat, Despite the Dame's reproving eye ; Nor mark'd she, as she left her seat, Full many a stifled sigh ; For many a noble warrior strove To win the Flower of Teviot's love, And many a bold ally. — With throbbing head and anxious heart, All in her lonely bower apart, In broken sleep she lay : By times, from silken couch she rose; While yet the banner'd hosts repose, She view'd the dawning day: Of all the hundreds sunk to rest, First woke the loveliest and the best. XL She gazed upon the inner court, Which in the tower's tall shadow lay; Where coursers' clang, and stamp, and snort, Had rung the livelong yesterday ; Now still as death; till stalking slow, — The jingling spurs announced his tread, — A stately warrior passed below ; But when he raised his plumed head — 144 THE LAY OF Carilo V Blessed Mary ! can it be ? — Secure, as if in Ousenam bowers, He walks through Branksome's hostile towers. With fearless step and free. She dared not sign, she dared not speak — Oh ! if one page's slumbers break, His blood the price must pay ! Not all the pearls Queen Mary wears, Not Margaret's yet more precious tears, Shall buy his life a day. XII. Yet was his hazard small; for well You may bethink you of the spell Of that sly urchin page ; This to his lord he did impart, And made him seem, by glamour art, A knight from Hermitage. Unchallenged thus, the warder's post, The court, unchallenged, thus he cross'd, For all the vassalage: But O! what magic's quaint disguise Could blind fair Margaret's azure eyes! She started from her seat; While with surprise and fear she strove And both could scarcely master love — Lord Henry 's at her feet XIII. Oft have I mused, what purpose bad That foul malicious urchin had To bring this meeting round; For happy love's a heavenly sight, And by a vile malignant sprite In such no joy is found* CmtO V. THE LAST MINSTREL. 145 And oft I've deern'd, perchance he thought Their erring passion might have wrought Sorrow, and sin, and shame ; And death to Cranstoun's gallant Knight, And to the gentle ladye bright, Disgrace, and loss of fame. But earthly spirit could not tell The heart of them that loved so well. True love's the gift which God has given To man alone beneath the heaven: It is not fantasy's hot fire, Whose wishes, soon as granted, fly; It liveth not in fierce desire, With dead desire it doth not die; It is the secret sympathy, The silver link, the silken tie, Which heart to heart, and mind to mind, In body and in soul can bind. — Now leave we Margaret and her Knight, To tell you of the approaching fight. XIV. Their warning blasts the bugles blew, The pipe's shrill port 1 aroused each clan [n haste, the deadly strife to view, The trooping warriors eager ran: Thick round the lists their lances stood, Like blasted pines in Ettrick wood; To Branksome many a look they threw, The combatants' approach to view, And bandied many a word of boast, About the knight each favour'd most. 1 A martial piece of music, adapted to the bagpipes. J Vol. I. 13 14t> THE LAY OF Canto V. XV. Meantime full anxious was the Dame; For now arose disputed claim, Of who should fight for Deloraine, 'Twixt Harden and 'twixt Thirlestaine : They 'gan to reckon kin and rent. And frowning brow on brow was bent ; But yet not long the strife — for, lo ! Himself, the Knight of Deloraine, Strong, as it seem'd, and free from pain, In armour sheath'd from top to toe, Appear'd, and craved the combat due. The Dame her charm successful knew, 1 And the fierce chiefs their claims withdrew. XVI. When for the lists they sought the plain, The stately Ladye's silken rein Did noble Howard hold ; Unarmed by her side he walk'd, And much, in courteous phrase, they talked Of feats of arms of old. Costly his garb — his Flemish ruff Fell o'er his doublet, shaped of buff, With satin slash'd and lined ; Tawny his boot, and gold his spur, His cloak was all of Poland fur, His hose with silver twined; His Bilboa blade, by Marchmen felt, Hung in a broad and studded belt ; Hence, in rude phrase, the Borderers still Call'd noble Howard, Belted Will. 1 See Canto 3. Stanza xxiih Canto V. rHE LAST MINSTRUL. 147 XVII. Behind Lord Howard and the Dame, Fair Margaret on her palfrey came, Whose foot-cloth swept the ground : White was her wimple, and her veil, And her loose locks, a chaplet pale Of whitest roses bound; The lordly Angus, by her side, In courtesy to cheer her tried ; Without his aid, her hand in vain Had strove to guide her broider'd rein. He deem'd, she shudder'd at the sight Of warriors met for mortal fight; But cause of terror, all unguess'd, Was fluttering in her gentle breast, When, in their chairs of crimson placed, The Dame and she the barriers graced. XVIIL Prize of the field, the young Buccleuch, An English knight led forth to view; Scarce rued the boy his present plight, So much he long'd to see the fight. Within the lists, in knightly pride, High Home and haughty Dacre ride; Their leading stalls of steel they wield As marshals of the mortal field ; While to each knight their care assign'd Like vantage of the sun and wind. Then heralds hoarse did loud proclaim, In King and Queen, and Warden's name, That none, while lasts the strife, Should dare, by look, or sign, or word, 148 THE LAY OF Canto V Aid to a champion to afford, On peril of his life ; And not a breath the silence broke, Till thus the alternate Heralds spoke:— XIX. ENGLISH HERALD. " Here standeth Richard of Musgrave, Good knight and true, and freely born,. Amends from Deloraine to crave, For foul despiteous scathe and scorn. He sayeth, that William of Deloraine Is traitor false by Border laws; This with his sword he will maintain, So help him God, and his good cause V* XX. SCOTTISH HERALD. " Here standeth William of Deloraine, Good knight and true, of noble strain, Who sayeth, that foul treason's stain, Since he bore arms, ne'er soil'd his coat; And that, so help him God above! He will on Musgra-ve's body prove, He lies most foully in his throat." — LORD DACRE. "Forward, brave champions, to the fight T Sound trumpets !" LORD HOME. "God defend the right!"— Then, Teviot! how thine echoes rang, When bugle-sound and trumpet-clangs Canto V. THE LAST MINSTREL. 149 Let loose the martial foes, And in mid list, with shield poised high, And measured step and wary eye, The combatants did close. XXL 111 would it suit your gentle ear, Ye lovely listeners, to hear How to the axe the helms did sound, And blood pour'd down from many a wound; For desperate was the strife and long, And either warrior fierce and strong. But, were each dame a listening knight, I well could tell how warriors fight! For I have seen war's lightning flashing, Seen the claymore with bayonet clashing, Seen through red blood the war-horse dashing And scorn'd, amid the reeling strife, To yield a step for death or life. — XXII. 'Tis done, 'tis done! that fatal blow Has stretched him on the bloody plain; He strives to rise — Brave Musgrave, no! Thence never shalt thou rise again ! He chokes in blood — some friendly hand Undo the visor's barred band, Unfix the gorget's iron clasp, And give him room for life to gasp ! — O, bootless aid ! — haste, holy Friar, Haste, ere the sinner shall expire ! Of all his guilt let him be shriven, 4nd smooth his path from earth to heaven ! 13* 150 THE LAY OF Canto V XXIII. In haste the holy Friar sped; — His naked foot was dyed with red y As through the lists he ran ; Unmindful of the shouts on high, That hail'd the conqueror's victory, He raised the dying man ; Loose waved his silver beard and hair, As o'er him he kneel'd down in prayer:, And still the crucifix on high He holds before his darkening eye ; And still he bends an anxious ear, His faltering penitence to hear; Still props him from the bloody sod 7 Still, even when soul and body part, Pours ghostly comfort on his heart, And bids him trust in God ! Unheard he prays; — the death-pang's o'er! Richard of Musgrave breathes no more. XXIV. As if exhausted in the fight, Or musing o'er the piteous sight, The silent victor stands; His beaver did he not unclasp, Mark'd not the shouts, felt not the grasp Of gratulating hands. When lo ! strange cries of wild surprise, Mingled with seeming terror, rise Among the Scottish bands; And all, amid the throng'd array, In panic haste gave open way To a half-naked ghastly man, Canto V. THE LAST MINSTREL. ' 151 Who downward from the castle ran: He cross'd the barriers at a bound, And wild and haggard look'd around, As dizzy, and in pain; And all, upon the armed ground, Knew William of Deloraine ! Each ladye sprung from seat with speed: Vaulted each marshal from his steed; " And who art thou," they cried, "Who hast this battle fought and won?" — His plumed helm was soon undone — " Cranstoun of Teviot-side ! For this fair prize I 've fought and won," — And to the Ladye led her son. XXV. Full oft the rescued boy she kiss'd, And often press'd him to her breast; For, under all her dauntless show, Her heart had throbb'd at every blow; Yet not Lord Cranstoun deign'd she greet, Though low he kneeled at her feet. Me lists not tell what words were made, What Douglas, Home, and Howard, said— — For Howard was a generous foe — And how the clan united pray'd The Ladye would the feud forego, And deign to bless the nuptial hour Of Cranstoun's Lord and Teviot's Flower. XXVI. She look'd to river, look'd to hill, Thought on the Spirit's prophecy, 152 THE LAY OF Canto V. Then broke her silence stern and still, — " Not you, but Fate, has vanquish'd me ; Their influence kindly stars may shower On Teviot's tide and Branksome's tower, For pride is quell'd, and love is free." — She took fair Margaret by the hand, Who breathless, trembling, scarce might stand ; That hand to Cranstoun's lord gave she ; — " As I am true to thee and thine, Do thou be true to me and mine ! This clasp of love our bond shall be ; For this is your betrothing day, And all these noble lords shall stay, To grace it with their company." — XXVII. All as they left the listed plain, Much of the story she did gain ; How Cranstoun fought with Deloraine, And of his page, and of the Book Which from the wounded knight he took ; And how he sought her castle high, That morn by help of gramarye; How in Sir William's armour dight, Stolen by his page, while slept the knight, He took on him the single fight. But half his tale he left unsaid, And linger'd till he join'd the maid. — Cared not the La dye to betray Her mystic arts in view of day ; But well she thought, ere midnight came, Of that strange page the pride to tame, Canto V. THE LAST MINSTREL. 153 From his foul hands the Book to save, And send it back to Michael's grave. — Needs not to tell each tender word ' Twixt Margaret and 'twixt Cranstoun's lord ; Nor how she told of former woes, And how her bosom fell and rose, While he and Musgrave bandied blows. — Needs not these lovers' joys to tell: One day, fair maids, you'll know them well. XXVIII. William of Deloraine, some chance Had waken'd from his deathlike trance ; And taught that, in the listed plain,. Another, in his arms and shield, Against fierce Musgrave axe did wield, Under the name of Deloraine. Hence, to the field, unarm'd, he ran, And hence his presence scared the clan, W T ho held him for some fleeting wraith, 1 And not a man of blood and breath. Not much this new ally he loved, Yet, when he saw what hap had proved, He greeted him right heartilie: He would not waken old debate, For he was void of rancorous hate, Though rude and scant of courtesy; In raids he spilt but seldom blood, Unless when men-at-arms withstood, Or, as was meet, for deadly feud. He ne'er bore grudge for stalwart blow, Ta'en in fair fight from gallant foe : 1 The spectral apparition of a living person. 154 THE LAY OF Canto V. And so 'twas seen of him, e'en now, When on dead Musgrave he look'd down, Grief darken'd on his rugged brow, Though half disguised with a frown ; And thus while sorrow bent his head, His foeman's epitaph he made. XXIX. " Now, Richard Musgrave, liest thou here I I ween, my deadly enemy ; For, if I slew thy brother dear, Thou slew'st a sister's son to me ; And when I lay in dungeon dark, Of Naworth Castle, long months three, Till ransom'd for a thousand mark, Dark Musgrave, it was long of thee. And, Musgrave, could our fight be tried, And thou wert now alive, as I, No mortal man should us divide, Till one, or both of us, did die: Yet rest thee God ! for well I know 1 ne'er shall find a nobler foe. In all the northern counties here, Whose word is Snaffle, spur, and spear, 1 Thou wert the best to follow gear ! 'Twas pleasure, as we look'd behind, To see how thou the chase couldst wind. Cheer the dark blood-hound on his way, And with the bugle rouse the fray ! 2 • " The lands, that over Ouse to Berwick forth do bear, Have for their blazon had, the snaffle, spur, and spear." Poly- Albion, Song 13. 2 The pursuit of Border marauders was followed by the injured party and his friends with blood-hounds and bugle-horn, and was Canto V. THE LAST MINSTREL.' 155 I 'd give the lands of Deloraine, Dark Musgrave were alive again." — XXX. So mournd he, till Lord Dacre's band, Were bowning back to Cumberland. They raised brave Musgrave from the field, And laid him on his bloody shield; On levell'd lances, four and four, By turns, the noble burden bore. called the hot-trod. He was entitled, if his dog could trace the scent, to follow the invaders into the opposite kingdom ; a privi- lege which often occasioned bloodshed. In addition to what has been said of the blood-hound, I may add, that the breed w r as kept up by the Buccleuch family on their Border estates till within the 18th century. A person was alive in the memory of man, who remembered a blood-hound being kept at Eldinhope, in Ettrick Forest, for whose maintenance the tenant had an allowance of meal. At that time the sheep were always watched at night. Upon one occasion, when the duty had fallen on the narrator, then a lad, he became exhausted with fatigue, and fell asleep upon a bank, near sun-rising. Suddenly he was awakened by the tread of horses, and saw five men, well mounted and armed, ride briskly over the edge of the hill. They stopped and looked at the flock ; but the day was too far broken to admit the chance of their carrying any of them off. One of them, in spite, leaped from his horse, and coming to the shepherd, seized him by the belt he wore round his waist ; and setting his foot upon his body, pulled it till it broke, and carried it away with him. They rode off at the gallop ; and, the shepherd giving the alarm, the blood- hound was turned loose, and the people in the neighbourhood alarmed. The marauders, however, escaped, notwithstanding a sharp pursuit. This circumstance serves to show how very long the license of the Borderers continued in some degree to manifest itself. 150 « THE LAI OF Canto V Before, at times, upon the gale, Was heard the Minstrel's plaintive wail ; Behind, four priests, in sable stole, Sung requiem for the warrior's soul: Around, the horsemen slowly rode; With trailing pikes the spearmen trode; And thus the gallant knight they bore, Through Liddesdale to Leven's shore; Thence to Holme Coltrame's lofty nave, And laid him in his father's grave. The harp's wild notes, though hush'd the song, The mimic march of death prolong ; Now seems it far, and now a-near, Now meets, and now eludes, the ear ; Now seems some mountain side to sweep, Now faintly dies in valley deep ; Seems now as if the Minstrel's wail, Now the sad requiem, loads the gale; Last, o'er the warrior's closing grave, Rung the full choir in choral stave. After due pause, they bade him tell, Why he, who touch'd the harp so well, Should thus, with ill-rewarded toil, Wander a poor and thankless soil, When the more generous Southern Land Would well requite his skilful hand. The Aged Harper, howsoe'er His only friend, his harp, was dear, Canto V. THE LAST MINSTREL. 157 Liked not to hear it rank'd so high Above his flowing poesy: Less liked he still, that scornful jeer Misprised the land he loved so dear; High was the sound, as thus again The Bard resumed his minstrel strain. Vol. I. 14 K THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. CANTO SIXTH. 161 THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. CANTO SIXTH. I. Breathes there the man, with soul so dead, Who never to himself hath said, This is my own, my native land ! Whose heart hath ne'er within him hurn'd, As home his footsteps he hath turn'd, From wandering on a foreign strand ! If such there breathe, go, mark him well ; For him no Minstrel raptures swell ; High though his titles, proud his name, Boundless his wealth as wish can claim ; Despite those titles, power, and pelf, The wretch, concentred all in self, Living, shall forfeit fair renown, And, doubly dying, shall go down To the vile dust, from whence he sprung, Unwept, unhonour'd, and unsung. II. O Caledonia ! stern and wild, Meet nurse for a poetic child ! 14* 162 THE LAY OF Canto VI. Land of brown heath and shaggy wood, Land of the mountain and the flood, Land of my sires ! what mortal hand Can e'er untie the filial band, That knits me to thy rugged strand! Still, as I view each well-known scene, Think what is now, and what hath been, Seems as, to me, of all bereft, Sole friends thy woods and streams were left; And thus I love them better still, Even in extremity of ill. By Yarrow's streams still let me stray, Though none should guide my feeble way ; Still feel the breeze down Ettrick break, Although it chill my wither'd cheek ; Still lay my head by Teviot Stone, Though there, forgotten and alone, The Bard may draw his parting groan. III. Not scorn'd like me ! to Branksome Hall The Minstrels came, at festive call; Trooping they came, from near and far, The jovial priests of mirth and war; Alike for feast and fight prepared, Battle and banquet both they shared. Of late, before each martial clan, They blew their death-note in the van, But now for every merry mate, Rose the portcullis' iron grate ; They sound the pipe, they strike the string, They dance, they revel, and they sing, Till the rude turrets shake and ring. Canto VI. THE LAST MINSTREL. 163 IV. Me lists not at this tide declare The splendour of the spousal rite, How muster'd in the chapel fair Both maid and matron, squire and knight; Me lists not tell of owches rare, Of mantles green, and braided hair, And kirtles furr'd with miniver; What plumage waved the altar round, How spurs and ringing chainlets sound: And hard it were for bard to speak The changeful hue of Margaret's cheek ; That lovely hue which comes and flies, As awe and shame alternate rise ! V. Some bards have sung, the Ladye high Chapel or altar came not nigh ; Nor durst the rites of spousal grace, So much she fear'd each holy place. False slanders these: — I trust right well She wrought not by forbidden spell; 1 For mighty words and signs have power O'er sprites in planetary hour : Yet scarce I praise their venturous part, Who tamper with such dangerous art. But this for faithful truth I say, The Ladye by the altar stood, Of sable velvet her array, And on her head a crimson hood, With pearls embroider'd and entwined, Guarded with gold, with ermine lined, 1 [See Appendix, Note H 2.] 1(34 THE LAY OF Canto VI A merlin sat upon her wrist, 1 Held by a leash of silken twist. VI. The spousal rites were ended soon: 'T was now the merry hour of noon, And in the lofty arched hall Was spread the gorgeous festival. Steward and squire, with heedful haste, Marshall'd the rank of every guest; Pages, with ready blade, were there, The mighty meal to carve and share : O'er capon, heron-shew, and crane, And princely peacock's gilded train, 2 ■ 1 A merlin, or sparrow-hawk, was actually carried by ladies of rank, as a falcon was, in time of peace, the constant attendant of a knight or baron. See Latham on Falconry. — Godscroft relates, that when Mary of Lorraine was regent, she pressed the Earl of Angus to admit a royal garrison into his Castle of Tantal- lon. To this he returned no direct answer ; but, as if apostro- phizing a goss-hawk, which sat on his wrist, and which he was feeding during the Queen's speech, he exclaimed, " The devil's in this greedy glede, she will never be full." — Hume's History of the House of Douglas, 1743, vol. ii. p. 131. Barclay com- plains of the common and indecent practice of bringing hawks and hounds into churches. 2 The peacock, it is well known, was considered, during the times of chivalry, not merely as an exquisite delicacy, but as a dish of peculiar solemnity. After being roasted, it was again decorated with its plumage, and a sponge, dipped in lighted spirits of wine, was placed in its bill. When it was introduced on days of grand festival, it was the signal for the adventurous knights to take upon them vows to do some deed of chivalry, " before the peacock and the ladies." Canto 17. THE LAST MINSTREL. 165 And o'er the boar-head, garnish'd brave, 1 And cygnet from St. Mary's wave ; 2 O'er ptarmigan and venison, The priest had spoke his benison. Then rose the riot and the din, Above, beneath, without, within ! For, from the lofty balcony, Rang trumpet, shalm, and psaltery : Their clanging bowls old warriors quafPd, Loudly they spoke, and loudly laugh'd ; Whisper'd young knights, in tone more mild, To ladies fair, and ladies smiled. The hooded hawks, high perch'd on beam, The clamour join'd with whistling scream, And flapp'd their wings, and shook their bells, In concert with the stag-hounds' yells. Round go the flasks of ruddy wine, From Bourdeaux, Orleans, or the Rhine ; Their tasks the busy sewers ply, And all is mirth and revelry. VII. The Goblin Page, omitting still No opportunity of ill, Strove now, while blood ran hot and high, To rouse debate and jealousy ; Till Conrad, Lord of Wolfenstein, By nature fierce, and warm with wine, 1 The boar's head was also a dish of feudal splendour. In Scotland it was sometimes surrounded with little banners, dis- playing- the colours and achievements of the baron at whose board it was served. — Pinkerton's History, vol. i. p. 432. 2 There are often flights of wild swans upon St. Mary's Lake at the head of the river Yarrow. 106 THE LAY OF Canto VI. And now in humour highly cross'd, About some steeds his band had lost, High words to words succeeding still, Smote, with his gauntlet, stout Hunthill ; * A hot and hardy Rutherford, Whom men called Dickon Draw-the-sword. He took it on the page's saye, Hunthill had driven these steeds away. Then Howard, Home, and Douglas rose, The kindling discord to compose: Stern Rutherford right little said, But bit his glove, 2 and shook his head. — 1 The Rutherfords of Hunthill were an ancient race of Border Lairds, whose names occur in history, sometimes as defending the frontier against the English, sometimes as disturbing the peace of their own country. Dickon Draw-the-sword was son to the ancient warrior, called in tradition the Cock of Hunthill, remarkable for leading into battle nine sons, gallant warriors, all sons of the aged champion. Mr. Rutherford, late of New York, in a letter to the editor, soon after these songs were published, quoted, when upwards of eighty years old, a ballad apparently the same with the Raid of the Reidsquare, but which apparently is lost, except the following lines : — " Bauld Rutherford he was fu' stout, With all his nine sons him about, He brought the lads of Jedbrught out, And bauldly fought that day." 2 To bite the thumb, or the glove, seems not to have been considered, upon the Border, as a gesture of contempt, though so used by Shakspeare, but as a pledge of mortal revenge. It is yet remembered, that a young gentleman of Teviotdale, on the morn- ing after a hard drinking-bout, observed that he had bitten his glove. He instantly demanded of his companion, with whom he had quarrelled 1 and learning that he had had words with one of the party, insisted on instant satisfaction, asserting, that though ne remembered nothing of the dispute, yet he was sure he never Canio VI. THE LAST MINSTREL. 167 A fortnight thence, in Inglewood, Stout Conrade, cold, and drench'd in blood, His bosom gored with many a wound, Was by a woodman's lyme-dog found ; Unknown the manner of his death, Gone was his brand, both sword and sheath ; But ever from that time, 'twas said, That Dickon wore a Cologne blade. VIII. The dwarf, who fear'd his master's eye Might his foul treachery espie, Now sought the castle buttery, Where many a yeoman, bold and free, Revell'd as merrily and well As those that sat in lordly selle. Watt Tinlinn, there, did frankly raise The pledge to Arthur Fire-the-braes ; ' And he, as by his breeding bound, To Howard's merry-men sent it round. To quit them, on the English side, Red Roland Forster loudly cried, " A deep carouse to yon fair bride !" — At every pledge, from vat and pail, Foam'd forth in floods the nut-brown ale ; While shout the riders every one ; Such day of mirth ne'er cheer'd their clan, would have bit his glove unless he had received some unpardona- ble insult. He fell in the duel, which was fought near Selkirk, in 1721. 1 The person bearing this redoubtable nom de guerre was an Elliot, and resided at Thorleshope, in Liddesdale. He occurs in the list of Border riders, in 1597. 1(58 TUti LAY OF Canto XL Since old Buccleugh the name did gain, When in the cleuch the buck was ta'en. 1 IX. The wily page, with vengeful thought, Remember'd him of Tinlinn's yew, And swore, it should be dearly bought That ever he the arrow drew. First, he the yeoman did molest, With bitter gibe and taunting jest; Told, how he fled at Solway strife, And how Hob Armstrong cheer'd his wife; Then, shunning still his powerful arm, At unawares he wrought him harm; From trencher stole his choicest cheer, Dash'd from his lips his can of beer; Then, to his knee sly creeping on, With bodkin pierced him to the bone: The venom'd wound, and festering joint, Long after rued that bodkin's point. The startled yeoman swore and spurn'd, And board and flagons overturn'd. Riot and clamour wild began ; Back to the hall the Urchin ran; Took in a darkling nook his post, And grinn'd and mutter'd, "Lost! lost! lost!" X. By this the Dame, lest farther fray Should mar the concord of the day, Had bid the Minstrels tune their lay. And first stept forth old Albert Graeme, 1 [See Appendix, Note I 2.] Canto I/. THE LAST MINSTREL. 109 The Minstrel of that ancient name: 1 Was none who struck the harp so well, Within the Land Debateable; Well friended, too, his hardy kin, Whoever lost, were sure to win ; They sought the beeves that made their broth, In Scotland and in England both. In homely guise, as nature bade, His simple song the Borderer said. 1 " John Grahame, second son of Malice, Earl of Monleith, commonly surnamed John ivith the Bright Sivord, upon some displeasure risen against him at court, retired with many of his clan and kindred into the English Borders, in the reign of King Henry the Fourth, where they seated themselves ; and many of their posterity have continued there ever since. Mr. Sandford, speaking of them, says, (which indeed was applicable to most of the Borderers on both sides,) ' They were all stark rnoss-troopers, and arrant thieves: Both to England and Scotland outlawed; yet sometimes connived at, because they gave intelligence forth of Scotland, and would raise 400 horse at any time upon a raid of the English into Scotland. A saying is recorded of a mother to her son, (which is now become proverbial,) Ride, Rowley, hough's i* the pot : that is, the last piece of beef was in the pot, and therefore it was high time for him to go and fetch more.' " — Introduction to the History of Cumberland. The residence of the Graemes being chiefly in the Debateable Land, so called because it was claimed by both kingdoms, their depredations extended both to England and Scotland, with impu- nity ; for as both wardens accounted them the proper subjects of their own prince, neither inclined to demand reparation for their excesses from the opposite officers, which would have been an acknowledgment of his jurisdiction over them. — See a long correspondence on this subject betwixt Lord Dacre and the English Privy Council, in Introduction to History of Cumberland. The Debateable Land was finally divided betwixt England and Scotland, by commissioners appointed by both nations. Vol. I. 15 170 THE LAY OF Canto M XL ALBERT GIUEME. It was an English ladye bright, (The sun shines fair on Carlisle wall, 1 ) And she would marry a Scottish knight, For Love will still be lord of all. Blithely they saw the rising sun, When he shone fair on Carlisle wall ; But they were sad ere day was done, Though Love was still the lord of all. Her sire gave brooch and jewel fine, Where the sun shines fair on Carlisle wall; Her brother gave but a flask of wine, For ire that Love was lord of all. For she had lands, both meadow and lea, W'here the sun shines fair on Carlisle wall, And he swore her death, ere he would see A Scottish knight the lord of all ! XII. That wine she had not tasted well, (The sun shines fair on Carlisle wall,) When dead, in her true love's arms, she fell, For Love was still the lord of all ! 1 This burden is adopted, with some alteration, from an old Scottish song, beginning thus : — " She lean'd her back against a thorn, The sun shines fair on Carlisle wa' : And there she has her young habe bom, And the lyon shall be lord of a'." Canlo VI. THE LAST MINSTREL. 171 He pierced her brother to the heart, Where the sun shines fair on Carlisle wall : — So perish all would true love part, That Love may still be lord of all. And then he took the cross divine, (Where the sun shines fair on Carlisle wall,) And died for her sake in Palestine, So Love was still the lord of all. Now all ye lovers, that faithful prove, (The sun shines fair on Carlisle wall,) Pray for their souls who died for love, For Love shall still be lord of all ! XIII. As ended Albert's simple lay, Arose a bard of loftier port; For sonnet, rhyme, and roundelay, Renown'd in haughty Henry's court : There rung thy harp, unrivall'd long, Fitztraver of the silver song ! The gentle Surrey loved his lyre — Who has not heard of Surrey's fame? 1 1 The gallant and unfortunate Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, was unquestionably the most accomplished cavalier of his time : and his sonnets display beauties which would do honour to a more polished age. He was beheaded on Tower-hill in 1540 ; a victim to the mean jealousy of Henry VIII., who could not bear 6o brilliant a character near his throne. The song of the supposed bard is founded on an incident said to have happened to the Earl in his travels. Cornelius Agrippa, the celebrated alchemist, showed him, in a looking-glass, the lovely Geraldine, to whose service he had devoted his pen and L 172 THE LAY OF Canto VI. His was the hero's soul of fire, And his the bard's immortal name, And his was love, exalted high By all the glow of chivalry. XIV. They sought, together, climes afar, And oft, within some olive grove, When even came with twinkling star, They sung of Surrey's absent love. His step the Italian peasant stay'd, And deem'd, that spirits from on high, Round where some hermit saint was laid, Were breathing heavenly melody ; So sweet did harp and voice combine, To praise the name of Geraldine. XV. Fitztraver! O what tongue may say The pangs thy faithful bosom knew, When Surrey, of the deathless lay, Ungrateful Tudor's sentence slew? Regardless of the tyrant's frown, His harp call'd wrath and vengeance down. He left, for Naworth's iron towers, Windsor's green glades, and courtly bowers, And faithful to his patron's name, With Howard still Fitztraver came; Lord William's foremost favourite he, And chief of all his minstrelsy. his sword. The vision represented her as indisposed, and reclining upon a conch, reading her lover's verses by the light of a waxen taper. Canto VI. THE LAST MINSTREL. 173 XVI. FlTZTRAVER. 'T was All-soul's eve, and Surrey's heart beat high He heard the midnight bell with anxious start, Which told the mystic bour, approaching nigh, When wise Cornelius promised, by his art, To show to him the ladye of his heart, Albeit betwixt them roar'd the ocean grim ; Yet so the sage had bight to play his part, That he should see her form in life and limb, And mark, if still she loved, and still she thought of him. XVII. Dark was the vaulted room of gramarye, To which the wizard led the gallant Knight, Save that before a mirror, huge and high, A hallow'd taper shed a glimmering light On mystic implements of magic might ; On cross, and character, and talisman, And almagest, and altar, nothing bright : For fitful was the lustre, pale and wan, As watchlight by the bed of some departing man. XVIII. But soon, within that mirror huge and high, Was seen a self-emitted light to gleam ; And forms upon its breast the Earl 'gan spy, Cloudy and indistinct, as feverish dream ; Till, slow arranging, and defined, they seem To form a lordly and a lofty room, Part lighted by a lamp with silver beam, Placed by a couch of Agra's silken loom, And part by moonshine pale, and part was hid in gloom. 15* 174 THE LAY OF Canto VI. XIX. Fair all the pageant — but how passing fair The slender form, which lay on couch of Ind ! O'er her white bosom stray'd her hazel hair, Pale her dear cheek, as if for love she pined ; All in her night-robe loose she lay reclined, And, pensive, read from tablet eburnine, Some strain that seem'd her inmost soul to find : — That favour'd strain was Surrey's raptured line, That fair and lovely form, the Lady Geraldine. XX. Slow roll'd the clouds upon the lovely form, And swept the goodly vision all away — So royal envy roll'd the murky storm O'er my beloved Master's glorious day. Thou jealous, ruthless tyrant ! Heaven repay On thee, and on thy children's latest line, The wild caprice of thy despotic sway, The gory bridal bed, the plunder'd shrine, The murder'd Surrey's blood, the tears of Geraldine ! XXI. Both Scots, and Southern chiefs, prolong Applauses of Fitzraver's song; These hated Henry's name as death, And those still held the ancient faith. — Then, from his seat, with lofty air, Hose Harold, bard of brave St. Clair; St. Clair, who, feasting high at Home, Had with that lord to battle come. Harold was born where restless seas Howl round the storm-swept Orcades; 1 1 [See Appendix, Note K 2.] Canlo VI THE LAST MINSTREL. 175 Where erst St. Clairs held princely sway O'er isle and islet, strait and bay; — ■ Still nods their palace to its fall, Thy pride and sorrow, fair Kirkwall! — ' Thence oft he mark'd fierce Pentland rave, As if grim Odin rode her wave ; And watch'd, the whilst, with visage pale, And throbbing heart, the struggling sail; For all of wonderful and wild Had rapture for the lonely child. XXII. And much of wild and wonderful In these rude isles might fancy cull ; For thither came, in times afar, Stern Lochlin's sons of roving war, The Norsemen, train'd to spoil and blood, Skill'd to prepare the raven's food; Kings of the main their leaders brave, Their barks the dragons of the wave. 2 And there, in many a stormy vale, The Scald had told his wondrous tale; And many a Runic column high Had witness'd grim idolatry. And thus had Harold, in his youth, Learn'd many a Saga's rhyme uncouth, — Of that Sea-Snake, tremendous curl'd, Whose monstrous circle girds the world ; 3 1 [See Appendix, Note L 2.] 2 The chiefs of the Vakingr, or Scandinavian pirates, assumed the title of Scekonungr, or Sea-kings. Ships, in the inflated language of the Scalds, are often termed the serpents of the ocean. 3 The jormungandr, or Snake of the Ocean, whose folds sur- 170 THE LAY OF Canto VL Of those dread Maids, 1 whose hideous yell Maddens the battle's bloody swell ; Of Chiefs, who, guided through the gloom By the pale death-lights of the tomb, Ransack'd the graves of warriors old, Their falchions wrench'd from corpses' hold, 2 Waked the deaf tomb with war's alarms, And bade the dead arise to arms ! With war and wonder all on flame, To Roslin's bowers young Harold came, Where by sweet glen and greenwood tree, He Iearn'd a milder minstrels} 7 ; round the earth, is one of the wildest fictions of the Edda. \l was very nearly caught by the god Thor, who went to fish for it with a hook baited with a bull's head. In the battle betwixt the evil demons and the divinities of Odin, which is to precede the Ragnarockr, or Twilight of the Gods,, this Snake is to act a con- spicuous part. 1 These were the Valcyriur, or Selectors of the Slain, des- patched by Odin from Valhaila, to choose those who were to die, and to distribute the contest. They are well known to the English reader, as Gray's Fatal Sisters. 2 The northern warriors were usually entombed with their arms, and their other treasures. Thus Angantyr, before com- mencing the duel in which he was slain, stipulated, that if he fell, his sword Tyrfing should be buried with him. His daughter, Hervor, afterwards took it from his tomb. The dialogue which passed betwixt her and Angantyr's spirit on this occasion has been often translated. The whole history may be found in the Her- varar-Saga. Indeed, the ghosts of the northern warriors were not wont tamely to suffer their tombs to be plundered ; and hence the mortal heroes had an additional temptation to attempt such adventures ; for they held nothing more worthy of their valour than to encounter supernatural beings. — Bartholinus De causis contemptce a Danis mortis^ lib. i. cap. 2, 9, 10, 13. Canto VI. THE LAST MINSTREL. 177 Yet something of the Northern spell Mix'd with the softer numbers well. XXIII. HAROLD. listen, listen, ladies gay ! No haughty feat of arms I tell; Soft is the note, and sad the lay, That mourns the lovely Rosa belle. 1 — " Moor, moor the barge, ye gallant erew ! And, gentle ladye, deign to stay ! Rest thee in Castle Ravensheuch, 2 Nor tempt the stormy firth to-day. ' The blackening wave is edged with white ; To inch 3 and rock the sea-mews fly ; The fishers have heard the Water-Sprite, Whose screams forebode that wreck is nigh. "Last night the gifted Seer did view A wet shroud swathed round ladye gay; 1 This was a family name in the house of St. Clair. Henry St Clair, the second of the line, married Rosabelle, fourth daughter of the Earl of Stratherne. 2 A large and strong castle, now ruinous, situated betwixt Kirkaldy and Dysart, on a steep crag, washed by the Frith of Forth. It was conferred on Sir William St. Clair, as a slight compensation for the earldom of Orkney, by a charter of King James III., dated in 1471, and is now the property of Sir James St. Clair Erskine, (now Earl of Rosslyn,) representative of the family. It was long a principal residence of the Barons of Roslin. 8 Inch, Isle. 178 THE LAY OF Canto VI Then stay thee, Fair, in Ravensheuch : Why cross the gloomy firth to-day ?" — " 'T is not because Lord Lindesay's heir To-night at Roslin leads the ball, But that my ladye-mother there Sits lonely in her castle-hall. " 'T is not because the ring they ride, And Lindesay at the ring rides well,. But that my sire the wine will chide, If 't is not fill'd by Rosabelle."— O'er Roslin all that dreary night A wondrous blaze was seen to gleam; 'T was broader than the watch-fire's lights And redder than the bright moon-beauu It glared on Roslin's castled rock, It ruddied all the copse-wood glen ; 'T was seen from Dryden's groves of oak* And seen from cavern'd Hawthornden. Seem'd all on fire that chapel proud, Where Roslin's chiefs uncolfin'd lie,. Each Baron, for a sable shroud, Sheathed in his iron panoply. Seem'd all on fire within, around, Deep sacristy and altar's pale; Shone every pillar foliage-bound, And glimmer'd all the dead men's mail. 1 1 The beautiful chapel of Roslin is still in tolerable preserva- tion. It was founded in 1446, by William St. Clair, Prince of Orkney, Duke of Oklenburgh,. Earl of Caithness and Strathejrnes, C*nto VI THE LAST MINSTREL. Blazed battlement and pinnct high, Blazed every rose-carved buttress fair — So still they blaze, when fate is nigh The lordly line of high St. Clair. Lord St. Clair, Lord Niddesdale, Lord Admiral of the Scottish Seas, Lord Chief Justice of Scotland, Lord Warden of the three Marches, Baron of Roslin, Pentland, Pentland-moor, &c, Knight of the Cockle, and of the Garter, (as is affirmed,) High Chancel- lor, Chamberlain, and Lieutenant of Scotland. This lofty person, whose titles, says Godscroft, might weary a Spaniard, built the castle of Roslin, where he resided in princely splendour, and founded the chapel, which is in the most rich and florid style of Gothic architecture. Among the profuse carving on the pillars and buttresses, the rose is frequently introduced, in allusion to the name, with which, however, the flower has no connexion ; the etymology being Rosslinnhe, the promontory of the linn, or water-fall. The chapel is said to appear on fire previous to the death of any of his descendants. This superstition, noticed by Slezer in his Theatrum Scotice, and alluded to in the text, is probably of Norwegian derivation, and may have been imported by the Earls of Orkney into their Lothian dominions. The tomb- fires of the north are mentioned in most of the Sagas. The Barons of Roslin were buried in a vault beneath the chapel floor. The manner of their interment is thus described by Father Hay, in the MS. history already quoted. " Sir William Sinclair, the father, was a leud man. He kept a miller's daughter, with whom, it is alledged, he went to Ire- land ; yet I think the cause of his retreat was rather occasioned by the Presbyterians, who vexed him sadly, because of his reli- gion being Roman Catholic. His son, Sir William, died during the troubles, and was interred in the chapel of Roslin the very same day that the battle of Dunbar was fought. When my good-father was buried, his (i. e. Sir William's) corpse seemed to be entire at the opening of the cave ; but when they came to touch his body, it fell into dust. He was laying in his armour, with a red velvet cap on his head, on a flat stone ; nothing was spoiled except a piece of the white furring that went round the 180 the LAY OF Canto VI There are twenty of Roslin's barons boid Lie buried within that proud chapelle ; Each one the holy vault doth hold — But the sea holds lovely Rosabelle ! And each St. Clair was buried there, With candle, with book, and with knell ; But the sea-caves rung, and the wild winds sung, The dirge of lovely Rosabelle. XXIV. So sweet was Harold's piteous lay, Scarce mark'd the guests the darken'd hall, Though, long before the sinking day, A wondrous shade involved them all: It was not eddying mist or fog, Drain'd by the sun from fen or bog; Of no eclipse had sages told ; And yet, as it came on apace, Each one could scarce his neighbour's face, Could scarce his own stretch'd hand behold. A secret horror check'd the feast, And chill'd the soul of every guest ; Even the high Dame stood half aghast, She knew some evil on the blast; cap, and answered to the hinder part of the head. All his pre- decessors were buried after the same manner, in their armour : late Rosline, my good-father, was the first that was buried in a coffin, against the sentiments of King James the Seventh, who was then in Scotland, and several other persons well versed in antiquity, to whom my mother would not hearken, thinking it beggarly to be buried after that manner. The great expenses she was at in burying her husband, occasioned the sumptuary acts which were made in the following parliament." Vanto VI. THE LAST MINSTREL. 181 The elvish page fell to the ground, And, shuddering, mutter'd, "Found! found! found!' XXV. Then sudden, through the darken'd air A flash of lightning came; So broad, so bright, so red the glare, The castle seem'd on flame. Glanced every rafter of the hall, Glanced every shield upon the wall ; Each trophied beam, each sculptured stone, Were instant seen, and instant gone ; Full through the guests' bedazzled band Resistless flash'd the levin-brand, And rill'd the hall with smouldering smoke, As on the elvish page it broke. It broke, with thunder long and loud, Dismay'd the brave, appall'd the proud, — From sea to sea the larum rung; On Berwick wall, and at Carlisle withal, To arms the startled warders sprung. When ended was the dreadful roar, The elvish dwarf was seen no more ! XXVI. Some heard a voice in Branksome Hall, Some saw a sight, not seen by all; That dreadful voice was heard by some, Cry, with loud summons, " Gylbin, come!" And on the spot where burst the brand, Just where the page had flung him down, Some saw an arm, and some a hand, And some the waving of a gown. Vol. I. 16 • 182 THE LAY OF Canto VI. The guests in silence pray'd and shook, And terror dimm'd each lofty look. But none of all the astonish'd train Was so dismay'd as Deloraine; His blood did freeze, his brain did burn, 'T was fear'd his mind would ne'er return ; For he was speechless, ghastly, wan, Like him of whom the story ran, Who spoke the spectre-hound in Man. 1 1 The ancient castle of Peel-town in the Isle of Man, is sur- rounded by four churches, now ruinous. Through one of these chapels there was formerly a passage from the guard-room of the garrison. This was closed, it is said, upon the following occa- sion : " They say, that an apparition, called, in the Mankish lan- guage, the Mauthe Doog, in the shape of a large black spaniel, with curled shaggy hair, was used to haunt Peel-castle ; and has been frequently seen in every room, but particularly in the guard-chamber, where, as soon as candles were lighted, it came and lay down before the fire, in presence of all the soldiers, who, at length, by being so much accustomed to the sight of it, lost great part of the terror they were seized with at its first appear- ance. They still, however, retained a certain awe, as believing it was an evil spirit, which only waited permission to do them hurt; and, for that reason, forbore swearing, and all profane dis- course, while in its company. But though they endured the shock of such a guest when altogether in a body, none cared to be left alone with it. It being the custom, therefore, for one of the soldiers to lock the gates of the castle at a certain hour, and carry the keys to the captain, to whose apartment, as I said before, the way led through the church, they agreed among themselves, that whoever was to succeed the ensuing night his fellow in this errand, should accompany him that went first, and by this means no man would be exposed singly to the danger ; for I forgot to mention, that the Mauthe Doog- was always seen to come out from that passage at the close of the day, and return to it again as soon as the morning dawned ; which made them look on this place as its peculiar residence. Cento VL THE LAST MINSTREL. 183 At length, by fits, he darkly told, With broken hint, and shuddering cold — That he had seen, right certainly, A shape with amice wrapped around, With a wrought Spanish baldric bound, Like pilgrim from beyond the^sea ; And knew — but how it matter'd not — It was the wizard, Michael Scott • " One night a fellow being drunk, and by the strength of his liquor rendered more daring than ordinarily, laughed at the sim- plicity of his companions; and, though it was not his turn to go with the keys, would needs take that office upon him, to testify his courage. All the soldiers endeavoured to dissuade him ; but the more they said, the more resolute he seemed, and swore that he desired nothing more than that the Mauthe Doog would fol- low him, as it had done the others ; for he would try if it were dog or devil. After having talked in a very reprobate manner for some time, he snatched up the keys, and went out of the guard-room. In some time after his departure, a great noise was heard, but nobody had the boldness to see what occasioned it, till, the adventurer returning, they demanded the knowledge of him; but as loud and noisy as he had been at leaving them, he was now become sober and silent enough; for he was never heard to speak more ; and though all the time he lived, which was three days, ho was entreated by all who came near him, either to speak, or, if he could not do that, to make some signs, by which they might understand what had happened to him, yet nothing intelligible could be got from him, only that, by the distortion of his limbs and features, it might be guessed that he died in agonies more than is common in a natural death. " The Mauthe Doog was, however, never after seen in the castle, nor would any one attempt to go through that passage ; for which reason it was closed up, and another way made. This accident happened about three score years since ; and I heard it attested by several, but especially by an old soldier, who assured me he had seen it oftener than he had then hairs on his head." — Waldron's Description of the Isle of Man, p. 107. M 184 THE LAY OF Canto VI XXVII. The anxious crowd, with horror pale, All trembling heard the wondrous tale ; No sound was made, no word was spoke, Till noble Angus silence broke; And he a 'solemn sacred plight Did to St. Bride of Douglas make, 1 That -he a pilgrimage would take To Melrose Abbey, for the sake Of Michael's restless sprite. Then each, to ease his troubled breast, To some bless'd saint his prayers address'd; Some to St. Modan made their vows, Some to St. Mary of the Lowes, Some to the Holy Rood of Lisle, Some to our Ladye of the Isle; Each did his patron witness make, That he such pilgrimage would take, And Monks should sing, and bells should toll, All for the weal of Michael's soul. While vows were ta'en, and prayers were pray'd, 'Tis said the noble dame, dismay 'd, Renounced, for aye, dark magic's aid. 1 This was a favourite saint of the house of Douglas, and of the Earl of Angus in particular; as we learn from the following pas- sage : " The Queen-regent had proposed to raise a rival noble to the ducal dignity ; and discoursing of her purpose with Angus, he answered, « Why not, madam 7 we are happy that have such a princess, that can know and will acknowledge men's services, and is willing to recompense it ; but, by the might of God,' (this was his oath when he was serious and in anger ; at other times, it was by St. Bryde of Douglas,) ' if he be a Duke, I will be a Drake ! ' — So she desisted from prosecuting of that purpose." — Godscroft, vol. i. p. 131. Vanto VI. THE LAST MINSTREL. 185 XXVIII. Nought of the bridal will I tell, Which after in short space befell; Nor how brave sons and daughters fair Bless'd Teviot's Flower, and Cranstoun's heir: After such dreadful scene, 'twere vain To wake the note of mirth again. More meet it were to mark the day Of penitence and prayer divine, When pilgrim-chiefs, in sad array, Sought Melrose' holy shrine. XXIX. With naked foot, and sackcloth vest, And arms enfolded on his breast, Did every pilgrim go; The standers-by might hear uneath, Footstep, or voice, or high-drawn breath, Through all the lengthen'd row: No lordly look, nor martial stride, Gone was their glory, sunk their pride, Forgotten their renown ; Silent and slow, like ghosts they glide To the high altar's hallow'd side, And there they knelt them down: Above the suppliant chieftains wave The banners of departed brave; Beneath the letter'd stones were laid The ashes of their fathers dead ; From many a garnish'd niche around, Stern saints and tortured martyrs frown'd. 186 THE LAY OF Canto VI XXX. And slow up the dim aisle afar, With sable cowl and scapular, And snow-white stoles, in order due y The holy Fathers, two and two, In long procession came ; Taper, and host, and book they bare, And holy banner flourish'd fair With the Redeemer's name. Above the prostrate pilgrim band, The mitred Abbot stretch'd his hand, And bless'd them as they kneel'd; With holy cross he sign'd them all r And pray'd they might be sage in hall, And fortunate in field. Then mass was sung, and prayers were said. And solemn requiem for the dead ; And bells tolPd out their mighty peal r For the departed spirit's weal ; And ever in the office close The hymn of intercession rose; And far the echoing aisles prolong The awful burthen of the song, — Dies ir^e, dies illa, Sol vet s^clum in fa villa ; While the pealing organ rung; Were it meet with sacred strain To close my lay, so light and vain* Thus the holy Fathers sung. Canto VI. THE LAST MINSTREL. 187 XXXI. HYMN FOR THE DEAD. That day of wrath, that dreadful day, When heaven and earth shall pass away, What power shall be the sinner's stay ? How shall he meet that dreadful day? When, shrivelling like a parched scroll, The naming heavens together roll ; W^hen louder yet, and yet more dread, Swells the high trump that wakes the dead! Oh ! on that day, that wrathful day, When man to judgment wakes from clay, Be Thou the trembling sinner's stay, Though heaven and earth shall pass away? Hush'd is the harp — the Minstrel gone And did he wander forth alone? Alone, in indigence and age, To linger out his pilgrimage? No: close beneath proud Newark's tower, Arose the Minstrel's lowly bower; A simple hut; but there was seen The little garden hedged with green, The cheerful hearth, and lattice clean. There shelter'd wanderers, by the blaze, Oft heard the tale of other days; For much he loved to ope his door, And give the aid he begg'd before. 188 THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. Canto IV So passed the winter's day ; but still, When summer smiled on sweet Bowhill, And July's eve, with balmy breath, Waved the blue-bells on Newark heath; When throstles sung in Harehead-shaw, And corn was green on Carterhaugh, And flourish'd, broad, Blackandro's oak, The aged harper's soul awoke! Then would he sing achievements high, And circumstance of chivalry, Till the rapt traveller would stay, Forgetful of the closing day ; And noble youths, the strain to hear, Forsook the hunting of the deer; And Yarrow, as he roll'd along, Bore burden to the minstrel's song APPENDIX LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 191 APPENDIX Note A. The feast was over in Branksome tower. — P. 41. . In the reign of James L, Sir William Scott of Buccleugh chief of the clan bearing that name, exchanged, with Sir Tho- mas Inglis of Manor, the estate of Murdiestone, in Lanarkshire, for one-half of the barony of Branksome, or Brankholm, 1 lying upon the Teviot, about three miles above Hawick. He was pro- bably induced to this transaction from the vicinity of Branksome to the extensive domain which he possessed in Ettrick Forest and in Teviotdale. In the former district he held by occupancy the estate of Buccleuch, 2 and much of the forest land on the river Ettrick. In Teviotdale, he enjoyed the barony of Eckford, by a grant from Robert II. to his ancestor, Walter Scott of Kirkurd, for the apprehending of Gilbert Ridderford, confirmed by Robert III., 3d May, 1424. Tradition imputes the exchange betwixt Scott and Inglis to a conversation, in which the latter, a man, it would appear, of a mild and forbearing nature, complained much of the injuries which he was exposed to from the English Borderers, who frequently plundered his lands of Branksome. Sir William Scott instantly offered him the estate of Murdiestone, in exchange for that which was subject to such egregious inconvenience. When i Branxholm is the proper name of the barony; but Branksome has been adopted, as suitable to the pronunciation, and more proper for poetry. 2 There are no vestiges of any building at Buccleuch, except the site of a chapel, where, according to a tradition current in the time of Scott of Satchells, many of the ancient barons of Buccleuch lie buried. There is also sai(* to have been a mill near this solitary spot ; an extraordinary circumstance, as little or no corn grows within several miles of Buccleuch. Satchells says it was used to grind corn for the hounds of the chieftain. 192 APPENDIX TO THE the bargain was completed, he dryly remarked, that the cattle in Cumberland were as good as those of Teviotdale ; and proceeded to commence a system of reprisals upon the English, which was regularly pursued by his successors. In the next reign, James II. granted to Sir Walter Scott of Branksome, and to Sir David, his son, the remaining half of the barony of Branksome, to be held in blanche for the payment of a red rose. The cause assigned for the grant is, their brave and faithful exertions in favour of the King against the house of Douglas, with whom James had been recently tugging for the throne of Scotland. This charter is dated the 2d February, 1443 ; and, in the same month, part of the barony of Langholm, and many lands in Lanarkshire, were conferred upon Sir Walter and his son by the same mon- arch. After the period of the exchange with Sir Thomas Inglis, Branksome became the principal seat of the Buccleuch family. The castle was enlarged and strengthened by Sir David Scott, the grandson of Sir William, its first possessor. But, in 1570-1, the vengeance of Elizabeth, provoked by the inroads of Buccleuch, and his attachment to the cause of Queen Mary, destroyed the castle, and laid waste the lands of Branksome. In the same year the castle was repaired and enlarged by Sir Walter Scott, its brave possessor ; but the work was not completed until after his death, in 1574, when the widow finished the building. This ap- pears from the following inscriptions. Around a stone, bearing the arms of Scott of Buccleuch, appears the following legend : "Sir m. Scott of ttranx&efm IBinvt oe of Sir Gffiflilam Scott of &frfturti ltni?t bcflan ge toork upon pt 24 of jf&avc&e 1571 }Uv qui)* ticuartft at <&oVs ailcfsour £e 17 Styrfl 1574." On a similar copartment are sculptured the arms of Douglas, with this inscription, " Dame Margaret Douglas his spous COMPLETIT THE FORSAID WORK IN OCTOBER 1576." Over an arched door is inscribed the following moral verse : — In. barttr. fs. nodjt. nature. bes. brought. gat. sal. lest aj). STijarefore. setbe. (JSoTr. fcefp. befl. ue. rotr. tfto. fame. sal. nocbt. tocftag. Sir Salter Scot of Eranxbolm B-rngbt jS&arjjaret IBouslas. 1571. Branksome Castle continued to be the principal seat of the LAV OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 1^3 Buccleuch family, while security was any object in their choice of a mansion. It has since been the residence of the Commis- sioners, or Chamberlains, of the family. From the various alterations which the building- has undergone, it is not only greatly restricted in its dimensions, but retains little of the cas- tellated form, if we except one square tower of massy thickness, the only part of the original building which now remains. The whole forms a handsome modern residence, lately inhabited by my deceased friend, Adam Ogilvy, Esq. of Hartwoodmyres, Com- missioner of his Grace the Duke of Buccleuch. The extent of the ancient edifice can still be traced by some vestiges of its foundation, and its strength is obvious from the situation, on a deep bank surrounded by the Teviot and flanked by a deep ravine, formed by a precipitous brook. It was ancient- ly surrounded by wood, as appears from the survey of Roxburgh- shire, made for Pout's Atlas, and preserved in the Advocates' Library. This wood was cut about fifty years ago, but is now replaced by the thriving plantations, which have been formed by the noble proprietor, for miles around the ancient mansion of his forefathers. Note B. JSine-and-twenty knights of fame Hung their shields in Branksome-Hall. — P. 42. The ancient Barons of Buccleuch, both from feudal splendour, and from their frontier situation, retained in their household, at Branksome, a number of gentlemen of their own name, who held lands from their chief, for the military service of watching and warding his castle. Satchells tells us, in his doggrel poetry, " No baron was better served in Britain ; The barons of Buckleugh they kept their call, Four and twenty gentlemen in their hall, All being of his name and kin ; Each two had a servant to wait upon them ; Before supper and dinner, most renowned, The bells rung and the trumpets sowned ; And more than that, I do confess, They kept four and twenty pensioners. Vol. I. 18 194 APPENDIX TO THE Think not I lie, nor do me blame, For the pensioners I cnn all name : There's men alive, elder than I, They know if I speak truth, or lie. Every pensioner a room 3 did gain, For service done and to be done ; This let the reader understand, The name both of the men and land, Which they possessed, it is of truth, Both from the Lairds and Lords of Buckleugh." Accordingly, dismounting- from his Pegasus, Satchells gives us, in prose, the names of twenty-four gentlemen, younger bro- thers of ancient families, who were pensioners to the house of Buccleuch, and describes the lands which each possessed for his Border service. In time of war with England, the garrison was doubtless augmented. Satchells adds, " These twenty-three pen- sioners, all of his own name of Scott, and Walter Gladstanes of Whitelaw, a near cousin of my lord's, as aforesaid, were ready on all occasions, when his honour pleased cause to advertise them. It is known to many of the country better than it is to me, that the rent of these lands, which the Lairds and Lords of Buccleuch did freely bestow upon their friends, will amount to above twelve or fourteen thousand merks a-year." — History of the Name of Scott, p. 45. An immense sum in those times. Note C. They watch, against Southern force and guile, Lest Scroop, or Howard, or Percy's poicers, Threaten Branksome^s lordly towers, From Warkworth, or JSaworth, or merry Carlisle. — P. 43. Branksome Castle was continually exposed to the attacks of the English, both from its situation and the restless military dis- position of its inhabitants, who were seldom on good terms with their neighbours. The following letter from the Earl of .North- umberland to Henry VIII. in 1533, gives an account of a suc- cessful inroad of the English, in which the country was plunder- ed up to the gates of the castle, although the invaders failed in i Room, portion of land. LAY OF THE LxVST MINSTREL. 195 their principal object, which was to kill, or make prisoner, the Laird of Buccleuch. It occurs in the Cotton MS. Calig. B. VIII. f. 222. " Pleaseth y^your most gracious highness to be aduertised, that my comptroller, with Raynald Carnaby, desyred licence of me to invade the realme of Scotland, for the annoysaunce of your highnes enemys, where they thought best exploit by theyme might be done, and to haue to concur withe theyme the inhabi- tants of Northumberland, suche as was towards me according to theyre assembly, and as by theyre discretions vpone the same they shulde thinke most convenient ; and soo they dyde meet vppon Monday, before night, being the iii day of this instant monethe, at Wawhope, upon Northe Tyne water, above Tyn- daill, where they were to the number of xv c men, and soo in- vadet Scotland at the hour of viii of the clok at nyght, at a place called Whele Causay ; and before xi of the clok dyd send forth a forrey of Tyndaill and Ryddisdail, and laide all the resydewe in a bushment, and actyvely did set vpon a towne called Branx- holm, where the Lord of Buclough dwellythe, and purpesed theymeselves with a trayne for hym lyke to his accustomed man- ner, in rysynge to all frayes ; albeit, that knyght he was not at home, and so they brynt the said Branxholm, and other townes, as to say Whichestre, Whichestre-helme, and Whelley, and haid ordered theymeself, soo that sundry of the said Lord Buclough's servants, who dyd issue fourthe of his gates, was takyn prison- ers. They dyd not leve one house, one stak of corne, nor one shyef, without the gate of the said Lord Buclough vnbrynt ; and thus scrymaged and frayed, supposing the Lord of Buclough to be within iii or iiii myles to have trayned him to the bushment ; and soo in the breyking of the day dyd the forrey and the bush- ment mete, and reculed homeward, making theyr way westward from theyre invasion to be over Lyddersdaill, as intending yf the fray frome theyre furst entry by the Scotts waiches, or other- wyse by warnying, shulde haue bene gyven to Gedworth and the countrey of Scotland theyreabouts of theyre invasion ; whiche Gedworth is from the Wheles Causay vi myles, that thereby the Scotts shulde have comen further vnto theyme, and more out of ordre; and soo upon sundry good considerations, be- fore they entered Lyddersdaill, as well accompting the inhabi- 19G APPENDIX TO THE tants of the same to be towards your highness, and to enforce theyrne the more thereby, as alsoo to put an occasion of suspect to the Kinge of Scotts, and his counsaill, to be taken anenst theyme, amonges theymeselves, made procl amnions, command- ing, vpon payne of dethe, assurance to be for the said inhabitants of Lyddersdaill, without any prejudice or hurt to be done by any Inglysman vnto theyme, and soo in good ordre abowte the howre of ten of the clok before none, vppone Tewisday, dyd pass through the said Lyddersdail, when dyd come diverse of the said inhabitants there to my servauntes, under the said assurance, offerring theymselfs with any service they couthe make; and thus, thanks be to Godde, your highnes' subjects, abowte the howre of xii of the clok at none the same daye, came into this your highnes realme, bringing wt theyme above xl Scottsmen prisoners, one of theyme named Scot, of the surname and kyn of the said Lord of Buclough, and of his howsehold ; they brought also ccc nowte, and above lx horse and mares, keping in savetie frome losse or hurte all your said highnes subjects. There was alsoo a towne, called Newbyggins, by diverse fotmen of Tyndaill and Ryddesdaill, takyn vp of the night, and spoyled, when was slayne ii Scottsmen of the said towne, and many Scotts there hurte ; your highnes subjects was xiii myles within the ground e of Scotlande, and is from my house at Werkworthe, above lx miles of the most evil passage, where great snawes doth lye ; heretofore the same townes now brynt haith not at any tyme in the mynd of man in any warrs been enterprised unto nowe ; your subjects were thereto more encouraged for the bet- ter advancement of your highnes service, the said Lord of Buc- lough beyng always a mortall enemy to this your Graces realme, and he dyd say, within xiii days before, he woulde see who durst lye near hym; wt many other cruell words, the knowledge whereof was certainly haid to my said servaunts, before theyre enterprice maid vpon him ; most humbly beseeching your majesty, that youre highnes thanks may concur vnto theyme, whose names be here inclosed, and to have in your most gracious memory, the paynfull and diligent service of my pore servaunte Wharton, and thus, as I am most bounden, shall dispose wt them that be under me f . . . . annoysaunce of your highnes ene- mys." In resentment of this foray, Buccleuch, witli other LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 197 Border chiefs, assembled an army of 3000 riders, with which they penetrated into Northumberland, and laid waste the country as far as the banks of Bramish. They baffle'd, or defeated, the English forces opposed to them, and returned loaded with prey. — Pinkerton's History, vol. ii. p. 318. Note D. Bards long shall tell, How Lord Walter fell. — F. 43. Sir Walter Scott of Buccleuch succeeded to his grandfather, Sir David, in 149*2. He was a brave and powerful baron, and Warden of the West Marches of Scotland. His death was the consequence of a feud betwixt the Scotts and Kerrs, the history of which is necessary, to explain repeated allusions in the romance. In the year 1526, in the words of Pitscottie, " the Earl of An- gus, and the rest of the Douglasses, ruled all which they liked, and no man durst say the contrary ; wherefore the King (James V. then a minor) was heavily displeased, and would fain have been out of their hands, if he might by any way : And, to that effect, wrote a quiet and secret letter with his own hand, and sent it to the Laird of Buccleuch, beseeching him that he would come with his kin and friends, and all the force that he might be, and meet him at Melross, at his home-passing, and there to take him out of the Douglasses hands, and to put him to liberty, to use himself among the lave (rest) of his lords, as he thinks expedient. " This letter was quietly directed, and sent by one of the King's own secret servants, which was received very thankfully by the Laird of Buccleuch, who was very glad thereof, to be put to such charges and familiarity with his prince, and did great dili- gence to perform the King's writing, and to bring the matter to pass as the King desired : And, to that effect, convened all his kin and friends, and all that would do for him, to ride with him to Melross, when he knew of the King's home-coming. And so he brought with him six hundred spears, of Liddesdale, and An- nandale, and countrymen, and clans thereabout, and held them- selves quiet while that the King returned out of Jedburgh, and came to Melross, to remain there all that night. 18* 198 APPENDIX TO THE " But when the Lord Hume, Cessfoord, and Fernyhnrst, (the chiefs of the clan of Kerr,) took their leave of the King, and returned home, then appeared the Lord of Buccleuch in sight, and his company with him, in an arrayed battle, intending to have fulfilled the King's petition, and therefore came stoutly for- ward on the back side of Haliden hill. By that the Earl of An- gus, with George Douglas, his brother, and sundry other of his friends, seeing this army coming, they marvelled what the matter meant ; while at the last they knew the Laird of Buccleuch, with a certain company of the thieves of Annandale. With him they were less afteared, and made them manfully to the field contrary them, and said to the King in this manner, ' Sir, yon is Buccleuch, and thieves of Annandale with him, to unbeset your Grace from the gate' (i. e. interrupt your passage.) ' I vow to God they shall either fight or flee ; and ye shall tarry here on this know, and my brother George with you, with any other company you please ; and I shall pass, and put yon thieves off the ground, and rid the gate unto your Grace, or else die for it.' The King tarried still, as was devised ; and George Douglas with him, and sundry other lords, such as the Earl of Lennox, and the Lord Erskine, and some of the King's own servants ; but all the lave (rest) past with the Earl of Angus to the field against the Laird of Buc- cleuch, who joyned and countered cruelly both the said parties in the field of Darnelinver, 1 either against other, with uncertain victory. But at the last, the Lord Hume, hearing word of that matter how it stood, returned again to the King in all possible haste, with him the Lairds of Cessfoord and Fernyhirst, to the number of fourscore spears, and set freshly on the lap and wing of the Laird of Buccleuch's field, and shortly bare them back- ward to the ground ; which caused the Laird of Buccleuch, and the rest of his friends, to go back and flee, whom they followed and chased ; and especially the Lairds of Cessfoord and Ferny- hirst followed furiouslie, till at the foot of a path the Laird of Cessfoord was slain by the stroke of a spear by an Elliot, who was then servant to the Laird of Buccleuch. But when the »Darnwick, near Melrose. The place of conflict is still called Skinner'g Field, from a corruption of Skirmish Field. [See the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, vols. i. and ii., for farther particulars concerning these places, of all which the author of the Lay was ultimately proprietor.— Ed.] LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 199 Laird of Cessfoord was slain, the chase ceased. The Earl of An- gus returned again with great merriness and victory, and thanked God that he saved him from that chance, and passed with the King to Melross, where they remained all that night. On the morn they past to Edinburgh with the King, who was very sad and dolorous of the slaughter of the Laird of Cessfoord, and many other gentlemen and yeomen slain by the Laird of Buccleuch, containing the number of fourscore and fifteen, which died in defence of the King, and at the command of his writing." I am not the first who has attempted to celebrate in verse the renown of this ancient baron, and his hazardous attempt to pro- cure his sovereign's freedom. In a Scottish Latin poet we find the following verses : — Valterius Scotus Balcluchius, Egregio suscepto facinore, libertate Regis, ac aliis rebus gestis clarus, sub Jacobo V. A°. Christi, 1526. "Intentata aliis, nullique audita priorum Audet, nee pavidum morsve, metusve quatit, Libertatem aliis soliti transcribere Regis : Subreptam hanc Regi restituisse paras ; Si vincis, quanta 6 succedunt praemia dextraeT Sin victus, falsas spes jace, pone animam. Hostica vis nocuit: stant alta? robora mentis Atque decus. Vincet, Rege probante, fides. Insita queis animis virtus, quosque acrior ardor Obsidet, obscuris nox premat an tenebris?" Heroes ex omni Historia Scotica lectissimi, Auctore Johan. Jonstonio Abredonense Seoto, 1603. In consequence of the battle of Melrose, there ensued a deadly feud betwixt the names of Scott and Kerr, which, in spite of all means used to bring about an agreement, raged for many years upon the Borders. Buccleuch was imprisoned, and his estates forfeited, in the year 1535, for levying war against the Kerrs, and restored by act of Parliament, dated 15th March, 1542, during the regency of Mary of Lorraine. But the most signal act of violence, to which this quarrel gave rise, was the murder of Sir Walter himself, who was slain by the Kerrs in the streets of Edin- burgh in 1552. This is the event alluded to in stanza vii. ; and the poem is supposed to open shortly after it had taken place. 200 APPENDIX TO THE The feud between these two families was not reconciled in 1596, when both chieftains paraded the streets of Edinburgh with their followers, and it was expected their first meeting- would decide their quarrel. But, on July 14th of the same year, Colvil, in a letter to Mr. Bacon, informs him, " that there was great trouble upon the Borders, which would continue till order should be taken by the Queen of England and the King, by reason of the two young Scots chieftains, Cesford and Baclugh, and of the present necessity and scarcity of corn amongst the Scots Border- ers and riders. That there had been a private quarrel betwixt those two lairds on the Borders, which was like to have turned to blood ; but the fear of the general trouble had reconciled them, and the injuries which they thought to have committed against each other, were now transferred upon England : not unlike that emulation in France between the Baron de Biron and Mons. Jeve- rie, who, being both ambitious of honour, undertook more hazard- ous enterprises against the enemy, than they would have done if they had been at concord together." — Birch's Memorials, vol. ii. p. 67. Note E. Of Bethune\s line of Picardie. — P. 47. The Bethunes were of French origin, and derived their name from a small town in Artois. There were several distinguished families of the Bethunes in the neighbouring province of Picardy; they numbered among their descendants the celebrated Due de Sully ; and the name was accounted among the most noble in France, while aught noble remained in that country. 1 The family of Bethune, or Beatoun, in Fife, produced three learned and dig- nified prelates; namely, Cardinal Beaton, and two successive Archbishops of Glasgow, all of whom flourished about the date of the romance. Of this family was descended Dame Janet Beaton, Lady Buccleuch, widow of Sir Walter Scott of Branksome. She was a woman of masculine spirit, as appeared from her riding at the head of her son's clan, after her husband's murder. She also 1 This expression and sentiment were dictated by the situation of France, in the year 1803, when the poem was originally written. 1821. LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 201 possessed the hereditary abilities of her family in such a degree, that the superstition of the vulgar imputed them to supernatural knowledge. With this was mingled, by faction, the foul accusa- tion, of her having influenced Queen Mary to the murder of her husband. One of the placards, preserved in Buchanan's Detec- tion, accuses of Darnley's murder " the Erie of Bothwell, Mr. James Balfour, the persoun of Fliske, Mr. David Chalmers, black Mr. John Spens, who was principal deviser of the murder ; and the Quene, assenting thairto, throw the persuasion of the Erie Bothwell, and the witchcraft of Lady Buckleuch" Note F. The viewless forms of air. — P. 48. The Scottish vulgar, without having any very defined notion of their attributes, believe in the existence of an intermediate class of spirits, residing in the air, or in the waters ; to whose agency they ascribe floods, storms, and all such phenomena as their own philosophy cannot readily explain. They are supposed to interfere in the affairs of mortals, sometimes with a malevolent purpose, and sometimes with milder views. It is said, for example, that a gallant baron, having returned from the Holy Land to his castle of Drummelziar, found his fair lady nursing a healthy child, whose birth did not by any means correspond to the date of his departure. Such an occurrence, to the credit of the dames of the Crusaders be it spoken, was so rare, that it required a mi- raculous solution. The lady, therefore, was believed, when she averred confidently, that the Spirit of the Tweed had issued from the river while she was walking upon its bank, and compelled her to submit to his embraces : and the name of Tweedie was bestowed upon the child, who afterwards became Baron of Drummelziar, and chief of a powerful clan. To those spirits were also ascribed, in Scotland, the — "Airy tongues, that syllable men's names, On sands, and shores, and desert wildernesses." When the workmen were engaged in erecting the ancient church of Old Deer, in Aberdeenshire, upon a small hill called Bissau, they were surprised to find that the work was impeded 202 APPENDIX TO THE by supernatural obstacles. At length, the Spirit of the river was heard to say, " It is not here, it is not here, That ye shall build the church of Deer ; But on Taptillery, Where many a corpse shall lie." The site of the edifice was accordingly transferred to Taptillery, an eminence at some distance from the place where the building had been commenced. — Macfarlane's MSS. I mention these popular fables, because the introduction of the River and Moun- tain Spirits may not, at first sight, seem to accord with the general tone of the romance, and the superstitions of the country where the scene is laid. Note G. A fancied moss-trooper, <$rc. — P. 50. This was the usual appellation of the marauders npon the Bor- ders ; a profession diligently pursued by the inhabitants on both sides, and by none more actively and successfully than by Buc- cleuch's clan. Long after the union of the crowns, the moss- troopers, although sunk in reputation, and no longer enjoying the pretext of national hostility, continued to pursue their call- ing. Fuller includes, among the wonders of Cumberland, " The moss-troopers: so strange in the condition of their living, if considered in their Original, Increase, Height, Decay, and Ruine. " 1. Original. I conceive them the same called Borderers in Mr. Camden ; and characterised by him to be a wild and war- like people. They are called moss-troopers, because dwelling in the mosses, and riding in troops together. They dwell in the bounds, or meeting, of the two kingdoms, but obey the laws of neither. They come to church as seldom as the 29th of Feb- ruary comes into the kalendar. " 2. Increase. When England and Scotland were united in Great Britain, they that formerly lived by hostile incursions, be- took themselves to the robbing of their neighbours. Their sons are free of the trade by their fathers' copy. They are like to Job, LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 205 not in piety and patience, but in sudden plenty and poverty; sometimes having flocks and herds in the morning, none at night, and perchance many again next day. They may give for their motto, vivitur ex raplo, stealing from their honest neighbours what they sometimes require. They are a nest of hornets ; strike one, and stir all of them about your ears. Indeed, if they promise safely to conduct a traveller, they will perforin it with the fidelity of a Turkish janizary; otherwise, woe be to him that falleth into their quarters ! " 3. Height. Amounting, forty years since, to some thousands. These compelled the vicinage to purchase their security, by pay- ing a constant rent to them. When in their greatest height, they had two great enemies, — the Laws of the Land, and the Lord William Howard of JSaworth. He sent many of them to Car- lisle, to that place where the officer doth always his work by day- light. Yet these moss-troopers, if possibly they could procure the pardon for a condemned person of their company, would advance great sums out of their common stock, who, in such a case, cast in their lots amongst themselves, and all have one purse. "4. Decay. Caused by the wisdom, valour, and diligence of the Right Honourable Charles Lord Howard, Earl of Carlisle, who routed these English Tories with his regiment. His severity unto them will not only be excused, but commended, by the judicious, who consider how our great lawyer doth describe such persons, who are solemnly outlawed. Bracton, lib. viii. trac. 2. cap. 11. — Ex tunc gerunt caput lupinum, ita quod sine judi- ciali inquisitione rite pereant, et secum suum judicium portent ; el merito sine lege pereunt, qui secundum legem vivere recu- sdrunt.'' — 'Thenceforward (after that they are outlawed) they wear a wolfs head, so that they lawfully may be destroyed, with- out any judicial inquisition, as who carry their own condemnation about them, and deservedly die without law, because they refused to live according to law.' "5. Ruine. Such was the success of this worthy lord's severity, that he made a thorough reformation among them ; and the ring- leaders being destroyed, the rest are reduced to legal obedience, and so, I trust, will continue." — Fuller's Worthies of England, p. 216. 5>04 APPENDIX TO THE The last public mention of moss-troopers occurs during the civil wars of the 17th century, when many ordinances of Parlia- ment were directed against them. Note H. William of Deloraine. — P. 51. The lands of Deloraine are joined to those of Buccleuch in Ettrick Forest. They were immemorially possessed by the Buc- cleuch family, under the strong title of occupancy, although no charter was obtained from the crown until 1545. Like other pos- sessions, the lands of Deloraine were occasionally granted by them to vassals, or kinsmen, for Border service. Satchells men- tions, among the twenty-four gentlemen-pensioners of the family, " William Scott, commonly called Cut-at-t he- Black, who had the lands of Nether Deloraine, for his service." And again, " This William of Deloraine, commonly called Cut-at-the-Black, was a brother of the ancient house of Haining, which house of Haining is descended from the ancient house of Hassendean." The lands of Deloraine now give an earl's title to the descendant of Henry, the second surviving son of the Duchess of Buccleuch and Mon- mouth. I have endeavoured to give William of Deloraine the attributes which characterised the Borderers of his day ; for which I can only plead Froissart's apology, that, " it behoveth, in a lynage, some to be folyshe and outrageous, to manteyne and sustayne the peasable." As a contrast to my Marchman, I beg leave to transcribe, from the same author, the speech of Amergot Marcell, a captain of the Adventurous Companions, a robber, and a pillager of the country of Auvergne, who had been bribed to sell his strongholds, and to assume a more honourable military life under the banners of the Earl of Armagnac. But " when he remembered alle this, he was sorrowful ; his tresour he thought. he wolde not mynysshe ; he was wonte dayly to serche for newe pyllages, wherbye encresed his profyte, and then he sawe that alle was closed fro' hym. Then he sayde and imagyned, that to pyll and to robbe (all thynge considered) was a good lyfe, and so repented hym of his good doing. On a tyme, he said to his old companyons, ' Sirs, there is no sporte nor gl ory in this worlde amonge men of warre, but to use suche lyfe as we have done in LAV OF THE LAST MINSTREL. X!05 tyme past. What a joy was it to us when \vc rode forth at ad venture, and somtyme found by the way a riche priour or mer- chaunt, or a route of mulettcs of Mountpellyer, of Narbonne, of Lymens, of Fongans, of Besyers, of Tholous, or of Carcasonne, laden with cloth of Brussels, or peltre ware comynge fro the fayres, or laden with spycery fro Bruges, fro Bamas, or fro Aly- saundre ; whatsoever we met, all was ours, or els ransoumed at our pleasures ; dayly we gate new money, and the vyllaynes of Auvergne and of Lymosyn dayly provyded and brought to our castell whete mele, good wynes, beffes, and fatte mottons, pullayne, and wylde foule : We were ever furnyshed as tho we had been kings. When we rode forthe, all the countrey trymbled for feare : all was ours goyng and comynge. How tok we Carlast, I and the Bourge of Companye, and I and Perot of Bernoys took Caluset ; how dyd we scale, with ly tell ayde, the strong castell of Morquell, pertayning to the Erl Dolphyn : I kept it nat past fyve days, but I receyved for it, on a feyre table, fyve thousande frankes, and forgave one thousande for the love of the Erl Dol- phyn's children. By my fayth, this was a fayre and a good lyfe ! wherefore I repute myselfe sore deceyved, in that I have rendered up the fortress of Aloys ; for it wolde have kept fro alle the worlde, and the daye that I gave it up, it was fournyshed with vy taylles, to have been kept seven yere without any re-vy tayllinge. This Erl of Armynake hath deceyved me : Oly ve Barbe, and Perot le Bernoys, shewed to me how I shulde repente myselfe : certayne I sore repente myselfe of what I have done.' " — Froissart, vol. ii. p. 195. Note I. By wily turns, by desperate bounds, Had baffled Percy's best blood-hounds. — P. 51. The kings and heroes of Scotland, as well as the Border riders, were sometimes obliged to study how 7 to evade the pur- suit of blood-hounds. Barbour informs us, that Robert Bruce was repeatedly tracked by sleuth-dogs. On one occasion, he escaped by wading a bow-shot down a brook, and ascending into a tree by a branch which overhung the water ; thus, leaving no Vol. I. 19 206 APPENDIX TO THE trace on land of his footsteps, he baffled the scent. The pur- suers came up : " Rycht to the burn thai passyt ware, Bot the sleuth-hund made stinting thar, And waueryt lang tyme ta and fra, That he na certain gate couth ga; Till at the last that John of Lome Perseuvit the hund the sleuth had lorne." The Bruce, Book vii. A sure way of stopping the dog was to spill blood upon the track, which destroyed the discriminating fineness of his scent. A captive was sometimes sacrificed on such occasions. Henry the Minstrel tells a romantic story of Wallace, founded on this circumstance : — The hero's little band had been joined by an Irishman, named Fawdoun, or Fadzean, a dark, savage, and sus- picious character. After a sharp skirmish at Black-Erne Side, Wallace was forced to retreat with only sixteen followers. The English pursued with a Border sleuth-bratch, or blood-hound. " In Gelderland there was that bratchet bred, Siker of scent, to follow them that fled ; So was he used in Eske and Liddesdnil, While (i. e. till) she gat blood no fleeing might avail." In the retreat, Fawdoun, tired, or affecting to be so, would go no farther. Wallace, having in vain argued with him, in hasty anger, struck off his head, and continued the retreat. When the English came up, their hound stayed upon the dead body : — " The sleuth stopped at Fawdon, still she stood, Nor farther would fra time she fund the blood." The story concludes with a fine Gothic scene of terror. Wal- lace took refuge in the solitary tower of Gask. Here he was disturbed at midnight by the blast of a horn. He sent out his attendants by two and two, but no one returned with tidings. At length, when he was left alone, the sound was heard still louder. The champion descended, sword in hand ; and, at the gate of the tower, was encountered by the headless spectre of Fawdoun, whom he had slain so rashly. Wallace, in great terror, fled up into the tower, tore open the boards of a window, leapt down LAV OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 207 fifteen feet in height, and continued his flight up the river. Look- ing back to Gask, he discovered the tower on fire, and the form of Fawdoun upon the battlements, dilated to an immense size, and holding in his hand a blazing rafter. The Minstrel con- cludes, "Trust ryght wele, that all this be sooth indeed, Supposing it be no point of the creed." The Wallace, Book v. Mr. Ellis has extracted this tale as a sample of Henry's poe- try. — Specimens of English Poetry, vol. i. p. 351. Note K. On Minto-crags the moon-beams glint. — P. 54. A romantic assemblage of cliffs, which rise suddenly above tne vale of Teviot, in the immediate vicinity of the family-seat, from which Lord Minto takes his title. A small platform, on a projecting crag, commanding a most beautiful prospect, is term- ed Barnhills' Bed. This Barnhills is said to have been a robber, or outlaw. There are remains of a strong tower beneath the rocks, where he is supposed to have dwelt, and from which he derived his name. On the summit of the crags are the frag- ments of another ancient tower, in a picturesque situation. Among the houses cast down by the Earl of Hartforde, in 1545, occur the towers of Easter Barnhills, and of Minto-crag, with Minto town and place. Sir Gilbert Elliot, father to the present Lord Minto, 1 was the author of a beautiful pastoral song, of which the following is a more correct copy than is usually pub- lished. The poetical mantle of Sir Gilbert Elliot has descended to his family. "My sheep I neglected, I broke my sheep-hook, And all the gay haunts of my youth I forsook: No more for Amynta fresh garlands 1 wove; Ambition, I said, would soon cure me of love. But what had my youlh with ambition to do! Why left I Amynta ! why broke I my vow ! Grandfather to the present Earl. 1819. 208 APPENDIX TO THE "Through regions remote in vain do I rove, And bid the wide world secure me from love. Ah, idol, to imagine, that aught could subdue A love so well founded, a passion so true ! Ah, give me my sheep, and my sheep-hook restore! And I'll wander from love and Amynta no more ! " Alas ! 'tis too late at thy fate to repine ! Poor shepherd, Amynta no more can be thine ! Thy tears are all fruitless, thy wishes are vain, The moments neglected return not again. Ah ! what had my youth with ambition to do ! Why left I Amynta ! why broke I my vow !" Note L. Ancient RiddeWs fair domain. — P. 55. The family of Riddell have been very long in possession of the barony called Riddell, or Ryedale, part of which still bears the latter name. Tradition carries their antiquity to a point ex- tremely remote ; and is, in some degree, sanctioned by the dis- covery of two stone coffins, one containing an earthen pot filled with ashes and arms, bearing a legible date, A. D. 727; the other dated 936, and filled with the bones of a man of gigantic size. These coffins were discovered in the foundations of what was, but has long ceased to be, the chapel of Riddell ; and as it was argued, with plausibility, that they contained the remains of some ancestors of the family, they w ere deposited in the modern place of sepulture, comparatively so termed, though built in 1110. But the following curious and authentic documents war- rant most conclusively the epithet of " ancient Riddell :" 1st, A charter by David I. to Walter Rydale, Sheriff of Roxburgh, con- firming all the estates of Liliesclive, &c., of which his father, Gcrvasius de Rydale, died possessed. — 2dly, A bull of Pope Adrian IV., confirming the will of Walter de Ridale, knight, in favour of his brother Anschittil de Ridale, dated 8th x\pril, 1155. 3dly, A bull of Pope Alexander III., confirming the said will of Walter de Ridale, bequeathing to his brother Anschittil the lands of Liliesclive, Whettunes, &c, and ratifying the bargain betwixt Anschittil and Huctredus, concerning the church of Liliesclive, in consequence of the mediation of Malcolm II., and LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 209 confirmed by a charter from that monarch. This bull is dated 17th June, 1160. 4thly, A bull of the same Pope, confirming the will of Sir Anschittil de Ridale, in favour of his son Walter, conveying- the said lands of Liliesclive and others, dated 10th March, 1120. It is remarkable, that Liliesclive, otherwise Ry- dale, or Riddell, and the Whittunes, have descended, through a long- train of ancestors, without ever passing into a collateral line, to the person of Sir John Buchanan Riddell, Bart, of Rid dell, the lineal descendant and representative of Sir Anschittil. — These circumstances appeared worthy of notice in a Border work. 1 Note M. So had he seen, in fair Castile, The youth in glittering squadrons start ; Sudden the flying jennet wheel, And hurl the unexpected dart. — P. 65. " By my faith," sayd the Duke of Lancaster, (to a Portuguese squire,) " of all the feates of armes that the Castellyans, and they of your countrey doth use, the castynge of their dertes best pleaseth me, and gladly I wolde se it : for, as I hear say, if they strike one aryghte, without he be well armed, the dart will pierce him thrughe." — "Bymyfayth, sir," sayd the squyer, "ye say trouth ; for I have seen many a grete stroke given with them, which at one time cost us derely, and was to us great displeasure ; for, at the said skyrmishe, Sir John Laurence of Coygne was striken with a dart in such wise, that the head perced all the plates of his cote of mayle, and a sacke stopped with sylke, and passed thrughe his body, so that he fell down dead." — Froissart, vol. ii. ch. 44. — This mode of fighting with darts was imitated in the military game called Jeugo de las canas, which the Spaniards borrowed from their Moorish invaders. * A Saracen champion is thus described by Froissart : " Among the Sarazyns, there was a yonge knight called Agadinger Dolyferne ; he was always wel mounted on a redy and a lyght horse ; it seemed, when the horse ranne, that he did fly in the ayre. The knighte seemed to be a i [Since the above note was written, the ancient family of Riddell have parted with all their Scotch estates.— En.] 19* 210 APPENDIX TO THE good man of armes by his dedes ; he bare always of usage three fethered dartes, and rychte well he could handle them ; and, ac- cording to their custome, he was clene armed, with a long white towell about his head. His apparell was blacke, and his own colour browne, and a good horseman. The Crysten men say, they though te he dyd such deeds of armes for the love of some yonge ladye of his countrey. And true it was, that he loved en- tirely the King of Thune's daughter, named the Lady Azala ; she was inherytour to the realme of Thune, after the discease of the kyng, her father. This Agadinger was sone to the Duke of Olyferne. I can nat telle if they were married together after or nat; but it was shewed me, that thys knyght, for love of the sayd ladye, during the siege, did many feates of armes. The knyghtes of France wold fayne have taken hym ; but they colde never attrape nor inclose him ; his horse was so swyft, and so redy to his hand, that alwaies he escaped." — Vol. ii. ch. 71. Note N. Dark Knight of Liddesdale. — P. 66. William Douglas, called the Knight of Liddesdale, flourished during the reign of David II., and was so distinguished by his valour, that he was called the Flower of Chivalry. Neverthe- less, he tarnished his renown by the cruel murder of Sir Alex- ander Ramsay of Dalhousie, originally his friend and brother in arms. The King had conferred upon Ramsay the sheriffdom of Teviotdale, to which Douglas pretended some claim. In revenge of this preference, the Knight of Liddesdale came down upon Ramsay, while he was administering justice at Hawick, seized and carried him off to his remote and inaccessible castle of Her- mitage, where he threw his unfortunate prisoner, horse and man, into a dungeon, and left him to perish of hunger. It is said, the miserable captive prolonged his existence for several days by the corn which fell from a granary above the vault in which he was confined. 1 So weak was the royal authority, that David, although i There is something affecting in the manner in which the old Prior of Loch- leven turns from describing the death of the gallant Ramsay, to the general sorrow which it excited: - LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 211 highly incensed at this atrocious murder, found himself obliged to appoint the Knight of Liddesdale successor to his victim, as Sheriff of Teviotdale. But he was soon after slain, while hunt- ing in Ettrick Forest, by his own godson and chieftain, William, Earl of Douglas, in revenge, according to some authors, of Ram- say's murder; although a popular tradition, preserved in a ballad quoted by Godscroft, and some parts of which are still preserved, ascribes the resentment of the Earl to jealousy. The place where the Knight of Liddesdale was killed, is called, from his name, William-Cross, upon the ridge of a hill called William- hope, betwixt Tweed and Yarrow. His body, according to Gods- croft, was carried to Lindean church the first night after his death, and thence to Melrose, where he was interred with great pomp, and where his tomb is still shown. Note O. The wondrous Michael Scott. — P. 68. Sir Michael Scott of Balwearie flourished during the 13th cen- tury, and was one of the ambassadors sent to bring the Maid of Norway to Scotland upon the death of Alexander III. By a poetical anachronism, he is here placed in a later era. He was a man of much learning, chiefly acquired in foreign countries. He wrote a commentary upon Aristotle, printed at Venice in 1496 ; and several treatises upon natural philosophy, from which he appears to have been addicted to the abstruse studies of judi- cial astrology, alchymy, physiognomy, and chiromancy. Hence " To tell you there of the manere, It is bot sorrow for til here ; He wea the grettast inenyd man That ony cowth have tbowcht of than, Of his state, or of mare be fare : All menyt him, bath bettyrand war; The ryche and pure him menyde bath, For of his dede was mekil skath." Some years ago, a person digging for stones, about the old castle of Hermit- age, broke into a vault, containing a quantity of chaff, some bones, and pieces of iron; amongst others, the curb of an ancient bridle which the author has since given to the Earl of Dalhousie, under the impression that it possibly may be a relic of his brave ancestor. The worthy clergyman of the parish has men- tioned this discovery in his Statistical Account of Castletown. 212 APPENDIX TO THE he passed among his contemporaries for a skilful magicianv Dempster informs us, that he remembers to have heard in his- youth, that the magic books of Michael Scott were still in exist- ence, but could not be opened without danger, on account of the malignant fiends who were thereby invoked. Dempsteri His- toria Ecclesiastica, 1627, lib. xii. p. 495. Lesly characterises Michael Scott as " singularie philosophies, astronomies, ac medi- cines laude prestans ; dicebatur penitissimos magics recessus indagdsse." Dante also mentions him as a renowned wizard : — " Quell' altro che ne' fianchi e cosi poco Michele Scotto fu, che veramente Delle magiche frode seppe il giucco." Inferno, Canto xxmo. A personage, thus spoken of by biographers and historians, loses little of his mystical fame in vulgar tradition. Accordingly, the memory of Sir Michael Scott survives in many a legend ; and in the south of Scotland, any work of great labour and antiquity, is ascribed, either to to the agency of Auld Michael^ of Sir William Wallace, or of the devil. Tradition varies concerning the place of his burial ; some contend for Home Coltrame, in Cumberland ; others for Melrose Abbey. But ail agree, that his books of magic were interred in his grave, or preserved in the convent where he died. Satchells, wishing to give some authority for his account of the origin of the name of Scott, pretends, that, in 1629, he chanced to be at Burgh under Bowness, in Cumberland, where a person, named Lancelot Scott, showed him an extract from Michael Scott's works, containing that story : — " He said the book which he gave me Was of Sir Michael Scott's historie ; Which history was never yet read through, Nor never will, for no man dare it do. Young scholars have pick'd out something From the contents, that dare not read within. He carried me along the castle then, And shew'd his written book hanging on an iron pin. His writing pen did seem to me to be Of hardened metal, like steel, or accumie ; The volume of it did seem as large to me, As the Book of Martyrs and Turks historie. Then in the church he let me see A stone where Mr. Michael Scott did lie ; LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 213 I asked at him how that could appear, Mr. Michael had been dead above five hundred year? He shew'd me none durst bury under that stone, More than he had been dead a few years agone; For Mr. Michael's name does terrifie each one." History of the Right Honourable Name of Scott. Note P. Salamanca's cave. — P. 0"-*. Spain, from the relics, doubtless, of Arabian learning and superstition, was accounted a favourite residence of magicians. Pope Sylvester, who actually imported from Spain the use of the Arabian numerals, was supposed to have learned there the magic, for which he was stigmatized by the ignorance of his age. — William of Malmsbury, lib. ii. cap. 10. There were public schools, w'here magic, or rather the sciences supposed to involve its mysteries, were regularly taught, at Toledo, Seville, and Salamanca. In the latter city, they were held in a deep cavern; the mouth of which w 7 as walled up by Queen Isabella, wife of King Ferdinand. — D'Auton on Learned Incredulity, p. 45. These Spanish schools of magic are celebrated also by the Italian poets of romance : — ' Questo citta di Tolleto solea Tenere studio di negromanz'ia, Quivi di magiea arte si leggea Pubblieamente, e di peromanzia; E molti geomanti sempre avea, Esperimenii assai d' idromanz'ia E d' a!tre false opinion' di sciocchi Come e fatture, o spesso batter gli occhi." // Morgante Muggiore, Canto xxv. St. 259. The celebrated magician Maugis, cousin to Rinaldo of Mont- alban, called, by Ariosto, Malngigi, studied the black art at Toledo, as we learn from UHistoire de Maugis D\Aygremont. He even held a professor's chair in the necromantic university ; for so I interpret the passage, " qifon tons les sept ars d'en- chantement, des charmes et conjurations, il n*y aroit meillieur tnaistre que lui ; et en tel renom qiCon le laissoit en chaise, et Vapprlloit on maistre Maugis.'' 1 This Salamancan Domdaniei 214 APPENDIX TO THE is said to have been founded by Hercules. If the classic reader enquires where Hercules himself learned magic, he may consult " Les faicts et proesses du noble et vaillant Hercules" where he will learn, that the fable of his aiding Atlas to support the heavens, arose from the said Atlas having taught Hercules, the noble knight-errant, the seven liberal sciences, and in particular, that of judicial astrology. Such, according to the idea of the middle ages, were the studies, "maximus quce docuit Atlas." — In a romantic history of Roderic, the last Gothic King of Spain, he is said to have entered one of those enchanted caverns. It was situated beneath an ancient tower near Toledo ; and when the iron gates, which secured the entrance, were unfolded, there rushed forth so dreadful a whirlwind, that hitherto no one had dared to penetrate into its recesses. But Roderic, threatened with an invasion of the Moors, resolved to enter the cavern, where he expected to find some prophetic intimation of the event of the war. Accordingly, his train being furnished with torches, so artificially composed that the tempest could not extinguish them, the King, with great difficulty, penetrated into a square hall, inscribed all over with Arabian characters. In the midst stood a colossal statue of brass, representing a Saracen wielding a Moorish mace, with which it discharged furious blows on all sides, and seemed thus to excite the tempest which raged around. Being conjured by Roderic, it ceased from striking, until he read, inscribed on the right hand, " Wretched Monarch, for thy evil hast thou come hither ;" on the left hand, " Thou shalt be dis- possessed by a strange people ;" on one shoulder, " / invoke the sons of Hagar f on the other, " I do mine office." When the King had deciphered these ominous inscriptions, the statue re- turned to its exercise, the tempest commenced anew, and Rode- ric retired, to mourn over the predicted evils which approached his throne. He caused the gates of the cavern to be locked and barricaded ; but, in the course of the night, the tower fell with a tremendous noise, and under its ruins concealed for ever the entrance to the mystic cavern. The conquest of Spain by the Saracens, and the death of the unfortunate Don Roderic, fulfilled '.he prophecy of the brazen statue. Historia verdadera del Rey Don Rodrigo por el sabio Alcayde Abulcacim, traduzeda de la lengua Arabiga por Miquel de Luna, 1654, cap. vk I \\ OP THE LAST MINSTREL. 215 Note Q. The bells would ring in Notre Dame. — P. 68. " Tantamne rem tarn negligenter ?" says Tyrwhitt, of his pre- decessor, Speight; who, in his commentary on Chaucer, had omitted, as trivial and fabulous, the story of Wade and his boat Guingelot, to the great prejudice of posterity, the memory of the hero and the boat being now entirely lost. That future antiqua- ries may lay no such omission to my charge, I have noted one or two of the most current traditions concerning Michael Scott. He was chosen, it is said, to go upon an embassy, to obtain from the King of France satisfaction for certain piracies committed by his subjects upon those of Scotland. Instead of preparing a new equipage and splendid retinue, the ambassador retreated to his study, opened his book, and evoked a fiend in the shape of a huge black horse, mounted upon his back, and forced him to fly through the air towards France. As they crossed the sea, the devil insi- diously asked his rider, What it was that the old women of Scot- land muttered at bed-time 1 A less experienced wizard might have answered that it was the Pater Noster, which would have licensed the devil to precipitate him from his back. But Michael sternly replied, " What is that to thee ! — Mount, Diabolus, and fly !" When he arrived at Paris, he tied his horse to the gate of the palace, entered, and boldly delivered his message. An ambassador, with so little of the pomp and circumstance of diplo- macy, was not received with much respect, and the King was about to return a contemptuous refusal to his demand, when Mi- chael besought him to suspend his resolution till he had seen his horse stamp three times. The first stamp shook every steeple in Paris, and caused all the bells to ring ; the second threw down three of the towers of the palace ; and the infernal steed had lifted his hoof to give the third stamp, when the King rather chose to dismiss Michael, with the most ample concessions, than to stand to the probable consequences. Another time, it is said, that, when residing at the Tower of Oakwood, upon the Ettrick, about three miles above Selkirk, he heard of the fame of a sor- ceress, called the Witch of Falsehope, who lived on the opposite side of the river. Michael went one morning to put her skill to 21(5 APPENDIX TO THE the test, but was disappointed, by her denying positively any knowledge of the necromantic art. In his discourse with her, he laid his wand inadvertently on the table, which the hag ob- serving, suddenly snatched it up, and struck him with it. Feel- ing the force of the charm, he rushed out of the house ; but, as it had conferred on him the external appearance of a hare, his servant, who waited without, halloo'd upon the discomfited wizard his own greyhounds, and pursued him so close, that in order to obtain a moment's breathing to reverse the charm, Michael, after a very fatiguing course, was fain to take refuge in his own jaw- hole (Anglice, common sewer.) In order to revenge himself of the witch of Falsehope, Michael, one morning in the ensuing harvest, went to the hill above the house with his dogs, and sent down his servant to ask a bit of bread from the good wife for his greyhounds, with instructions what to do if he met with a denial. Accordingly, when the witch had refused the boon with con- tumely, the servant, as his master had directed, laid above the door a paper which he had given him, containing, amongst many cabalistical words, the well-known rhyme, — "Maister Michael Scott's man Sought meat, and gat nane." Immediately the good old woman, instead of pursuing her do- mestic occupation, which was baking bread for the reapers, began to dance round the fire, repeating the rhyme, and continued this exercise till her husband sent the reapers to the house, one after another, to see what had delayed their provision ; but the charm caught each as they entered, and, losing all idea of returning^ they joined in the dance and chorus. At length the old man himself went to the house ; but as his wife's frolic with Mr. Mi- chael, whom he had seen on the hill, made him a little cautious, he contented himself with looking in at the window, and saw the reapers at their involuntary exercise, dragging his wife, now completely exhausted, sometimes round, and sometimes through, the fire, which was, as usual, in the midst of the house. Instead of entering, he saddled a horse, and rode up the hill, to humble himself before Michael, and beg a cessation of the spell ; which the good-natured warlock immediately granted, directing him to enter the house backwards, and, with his left hand, take the spell from above the door ; which accordingly ended the supernatural LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 217 dance. — This bate was told less particularly in former editions, and I have been censured for inaccuracy in doing so. — A similar charm occurs in Huon de Bourdeaux, and in the ingenious Ori- ental tale, called the Caliph Vathek. Notwithstanding his victory over the witch of Falsehope, Michael Scott, like his predecessor Merlin, fell at last a victim to female art. His wife, or concubine, elicited from him the secret, that his art could ward off any danger except the poison- ous qualities of broth, made of the flesh of a breme sow. Such a mess she accordingly administered to the wizard, who died in consequence of eating it ; surviving, however, long enough to put to death his treacherous confidant. Note R. That lamp shall burn unquenchably, Until the eternal doom shall be. — P. 70. Baptista Porta, and other authors who treat of natural magic, talk much of eternal lamps, pretended to have been found burn- ing in ancient sepulchres. Fortunius Licetus investigates the subject in a treatise, De Lucernis Antiquorum Reconditis, pub- lished at Venice, 1621. One of these perpetual lamps is said to have been discovered in the tomb of Tulliola, the daughter of Cicero. The wick was supposed to be composed of asbestos. Kircher enumerates three different recipes for constructing such lamps ; and wisely concludes, that the thing is nevertheless im- possible. — Mundus Subterranneus, p. 72. Delrio imputes the fabrication of such lights to magical skill. — Disquisitiones Magica, p. 58. In a very rare romance, which " treateth of the life of Virgilius, and of his deth, and many marvayles that he dyd in his lyfe-time, by wychecrafte and nygramancye, throughe the helpe of the devyls of hell," mention is made of a very extraordinary process in which one of these mystical lamps was employed. It seems that Virgil, as he advanced in years, became desirous of renovating his youth by magical art. For this purpose he constructed a solitary tower, having only one narrow pcrtal, in which he placed twenty- four copper figures, armed with iron flails, twelve on each side of the porch. These Vol. I. 20 218 APPENDIX TO THE enchanted statues struck with their flails incessantly, and ren dered all entrance impossible, unless when Virgil touched the spring, which stopped their motion. To this tower he repaired privately, attended by one trusty servant, to whom he communi- cated the secret of the entrance, and hither they conveyed all the magician's treasure. " Then sayde Virgilius, my dere beloved frende, and he that I above alle men truste and knowe mooste of my secret ;" and then he led the man into a cellar, where he made a fayer lamp at all seasons burnynge. " And then sayd Virgilius to the man, ' Se you the barrel that standeth here?' and he sayd, yea: ' Therein must thou put me : fyrst ye must slee me, and hewe me smalle to pieces, and cut my hed in iiii pieces, and salte the heed under in the bottom, and then the pieces there after, and my herte in the myddel, and then set the barrel under the lampe, that nyghte and day the fat therein may droppe and leake ; and ye shall ix dayes long, ones in the day, fyll the lampe, and fayle nat. And when this is all done, then shall I be renued, and made yonge agen.' " At this extraordi- nary proposal, the confidant was sore abashed, and made some scruple of obeying his master's commands. At length, however, he complied, and Virgil was slain, pickled, and barrelled up, in all respects according to his own direction. The servant then left the tower, taking care to put the copper thrashers in motion at his departure. He continued daily to visit the tower with the same precaution. Meanwhile, the emperor, with whom Virgil was a great favourite, missed him from the court, and demanded of his servant where he was. The domestic pretended ignorance, till the emperor threatened him with death, when at length he conveyed him to the enchanted tower. The same threat extort- ed a discovery of the mode of stopping the statues from wielding their flails. " And then the emperour entered into the castle with all his folke, and sought all aboute in every corner after Virgilius ; and at the laste they soughte so longe, that they came into the seller, where they sawe the lampe hang over the barrell, where Virgilius lay in deed. Then asked the emperour the man, who had made hym so herdy to put his mayster Virgilius so to dethe ; and the man answered no worde to the emperour. And then the emperour, with great anger, drewe out his sworde, and slewe he there Virgilius' man. And when all this was done, LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 219 then sawe the empcrour, and all his folke, a naked child iii tymes rennynge about the barrell, saynge these wordes, ' Cursed be the tyme that ye ever came here.' And with those words vanyshed the chylde awaye, and was never sene ageyn ; and thus abyd Virgilius in the barrell deed." — Virgilius, bl. let, printed at Antwerpe by John Doesborcke. This curious volume is in the valuable library of Mr. Douce; and is supposed to be a transla- tion from the French, printed in Flanders for the English market. See Gonjpt Biblioth. Franc, ix. 225. Catalogue de la Bib- liolheque Nationale, torn. ii. p. 5. De Bure, No. 3857. Note S. The Baron? s Dwarf his courser held. — P. 76. The idea of Lord Cranstoun's Goblin Page is taken from a being called Gilpin Horner, who appeared, and made some stay, at a farm-house among the Border-mountains. A gentleman of that country has noted down the following particulars concerning his appearance : — " The only certain, at least most probable account, that ever I heard of Gilpin Horner, was from an old man, of the name of Anderson, who was born, and lived all his life, at Todshaw-hill, in Eskedale-muir, the place where Gilpin appeared and staid for some time. He said there were two men, late in the evening, when it was growing dark, employed in fastening the fiorses upon the uttermost part of their ground, (that is, tying their forefeet together, to hinder them from travelling far in the night,) when they heard a voice, at some distance, crying, ' Tint! tint! tint!" 11 One of the men, named Moffat, called out, « What deil has tint you ] Come here.' Immediately a creature, of something like a human form, appeared. It was surprisingly little, distorted in features, and misshapen in limbs. As soon as the two men could see it plainly, they ran home in a great fright, imagining they had met with some goblin. By the way Moffat fell, and it ran over him, and was home at the house as soon as either of them, and staid there a long time; but I cannot say how long. It was real flesh and blood, and ate and drank, was fond of cream, and, when 1 Tint signifies lost. 220 APPENDIX TO THE it could get at it, would destroy a great deal. It seemed a mis- chievous creature ; and any of the children whom it could master, it would beat and scratch without mercy. It was once abusing a child belonging to the same Moffat, who had been so frightened by its first appearance ; and he, in a passion, struck it so violent a blow upon the side of the head, that it tumbled upon the ground ; but it was not stunned ; for it set up its head directly,, and exclaimed, • Ah hah, Will o' Moffat, you strike sair !' (viz. sore.) After it had staid there long, one evening, when the women were milking the cows in the loan, it was playing among the children near by them, when suddenly they heard a loud shrill voice cry, three times, ' Gilpin Horner /' It started, and said, ' That is me, I must away,'* and instantly disappeared, and was never heard of more. Old Anderson did not remember it, but said, he had often heard his father, and other old men in the place, who were there at the time, speak about it ; and in my younger years I have often heard it mentioned, and never met with any who had the remotest doubt as to the truth of the story ; although, I must own, I cannot help thinking there must be some misrepresentation in it." — To this account, I have to add the following particulars from the most respectable authority. Besides constantly repeating the word tint ! tint ! Gilpin Horner was often heard to call upon Peter Bertram, or Be-te-ram, as he pro- nounced the word ; and when the shrill voice called Gilpin Hor- ner, he immediately acknowledged it was the summons of the said Peter Bertram : who seems therefore to have been the devil who had tint, or lost, the little imp. As much has been objected to Gilpin Horner on account of his being supposed rather a device of the author than a popular superstition, I can only say, that no legend which I ever heard seemed to be more universally credited, and that many persons of very good rank and considerable infor- mation are well known to repose absolute faith in the tradition. Note T. But the Ladye of Branksome gathered a band Of the best that would ride at her command. — P. 78. " Upon 25th June, 1557, Dame Janet Beatoune Lady Buc- cleuch, and a great number of the name of Scott, delaitit (accused) for coming to the kirk of St. Mary of the Lowes, to the number LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 221 of two hundred persons bodin in feire of weire, (arrayed in armour,) and breaking open the door of the said kirk, in order to apprehend the Laird of Cranstoune for his destruction." On the 20th July, a warrant from the Queen is presented, discharging the justice to proceed against the Lady Buccleuch while new calling. — Abridgement of Books of Adjournal, in Advocates' Li- brary. — The following proceedings upon this case appear on the record of the Court of Justiciary : On the 25th of June, 1557, Robert Scott, in Bowhill parish, priest of the kirk of St. Mary's, accused of the convocation of the Queen's lieges, to the number of 200 persons, in warlike array, with jacks, helmets, and other weapons, and marching to the chapel of St. Mary of the Lowes, for the slaughter of Sir Peter Cranstoun, out of ancient feud and malice prepense, and of breaking the doors of the said kirk, is repledged by the Archbishop of Glasgow. The bail given by Robert Scott of Allanhaugh, Adam Scott of Burnfute, Robert Scott in Howfurde, Walter Scott in Todshawhaugh, Walter Scott younger of Synton, Thomas Scott of Hayning, Robert Scott, William Scott, and James Scott, brothers of the said Walter Scott, Walter Scott in the Woll, and Walter Scott, son of Wil- liam Scott of Harden, and James Wemyss in Eckford, all accused of the same crime, is declared to be forfeited. On the same day, Walter Scott of Synton, and Walter Chisholme of Chisholme, and William Scott of Harden, became bound, jointly and seve- rally, that Sir Peter Cranstoun, and his kindred and servants, should receive no injury from them in future. At the same time, Patrick Murray of Fallohill, Alexander Stuart, uncle to the Laird of Trakwhare, John Murray of Newhall, John Fairly e, residing in Selkirk, George Tait, younger of Pirn, John Penny- cuke of Pennycuke, James Ramsay of Cokpen, the Laird of Fas- syde, and the Laird of Henderstoune, were all severally fined for not attending as jurors; being probably either in alliance with the accused parties, or dreading their vengeance. Upon the 20th of July following, Scott of Synton, Chisholme of Chisholme, Scott of Harden, Scott of Howpaslie, Scott of Burnfute, with many others, are ordered to appear at next calling, under the pains of treason. But no farther procedure seems to have taken place. It is said, that, upon this rising, the kirk of St. Mary was burnt by the Scotts. " 20 * 222 APPENMX TO THE Note U. All was delusion, nought was truth. — P. 87. Glamour, in the legends of Scottish superstition, means the* magic power of imposing on the eyesight of the spectators, so that the appearance of an objeet shall be totally different from the reality. The transformation of Michael Scott by the witch of Falsehope, already mentioned, was a genuine operation of glamour. To a similar charm the ballad of Johnny Fa' imputes the fascination of the lovely Countess, who eloped with that gipsy leader : — "Sae soon as they saw her weel-far'd face, They cast the glamour o'er her." It was formerly used even in war. In 1381, when the Duke of Anjou lay before a strong castle, upon the coast of Naples, a necromancer offered to "make the ayre so thycke, that they within shall thynke that there is a great bridge on the see (by which the castle was surrounded) for ten men to go a front ; and whan they within the castle se this bridge, they will be so afrayde, that they shall yelde them to your mercy. The Duke demanded, — ' Fay re Master, on this bridge that ye speke of, may our people assuredly go thereon to the castell to assayle if?' — * Syr,' quod the enchantour, fr I dare not assure you that ; for if any that passeth on the bridge make the signe of the crosse on hym, all shall go to noughte, and they that be on the bridge shall fall into the see.' Then the Duke began to laugh ; and a certain of young knightes, that were there present, said, ' Syr, for god- sake, let the mayster assey his cunning : we shal leve making of any signe of the crosse on us for that tyme.' " The Earl of Savoy, shortly after, entered the tent, and recognised in the enchanter the same person who had put the castle into the power of Sir Charles de la Payx, who then held it, by persuading the garrison of the Queen of Naples, through magical deception, that the sea was coming over the walls. The sage avowed the feat, and added, that he was the man in the world most dreaded by Sir Charles de la Payx. " ' By my fayth,' quod the Earl of Savoy, ' ye say well ; and I will that Syr Charles de la Payx shall know that he hath gret wronge to fear you. But I shall LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 223 assure hym of you ; for ye shall never do enchantment to deceyve nym, nor yet none other. I wolde nat that in tyme to come we shulde be reproached that in so high an enterprise as we be in, wherein there be so many noble knyghtes and squyres assembled, that we shulde do any thyng be enchantment, nor that we shulde wyn our enemys be suche crafte.' Then he called to him a ser- vaunt, and said, ' Go and get a hangman, and let him stryke of this mayster's heed without delay ;' and as soone as the Erie had commanded it, incontynent it was done, for his heed was stryken of before the Erie's tent." — Froissart, vol. i. ch. 391, 392. The art of glamour, or other fascination, was anciently a prin- cipal part of the skill of the jongleur, or juggler, whose tricks formed much of the amusement of a Gothic castle. Some in- stances of this art may be found in the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border. In a strange allegorical poem, called the Houlat, writ- ten by a dependant of the house of Douglas, about 1452-3, the jay, in an assembly of birds, plays the part of the juggler. Hia feats of glamour are thus described ; — " He gart them see, as it seemt in samyn houre. Hunting at herdis in holtis so hair; Some sailand on the see schippis of toure. Bernis battalland on burd brim as a bare; He coulde carye the coup of the kingis des, Syne leve in the stede, Bot a black bunwede ; He could of a henis hede Make a man mes. " He gart the Emproure trow, and trewlye behald, That the corncraik, the pundare at hand, Had poyndit all bis pris hors in a poynd fald, Because thai ete of the corn in the kirkland. He could wirk windaris, quhat way that he waJd, Mak a gray gus a gold garland, A lang spere of a bittile, for a berne bald, Nobilis of nutschelles, and silver of sand. Thus joukit with juxters the janglane ja, Fair ladyes in ringis, Knychtis in caralyngis, Bayth dansis and singis, It semyt as sa." 224 APPENDIX TO THE Note V. Now, if you ask who gave the stroke, 1 cannot tell, so mot I thrive ; It was not given by man alive. — P. 88. Dr. Henry More, in a letter piefixed to Glanville's Saducismus Triumphatus, mentions a similar phenomenon. "I remember an old gentleman in the country, of my acquaint- ance, an excellent justice of the peace, and a piece of a mathe- matician ; but what kind of a philosopher he was, you may under- stand from a rhyme of his own making, which he commended to me at my taking horse in his yard, which rhyme is this : — ' Ens is nothing till sense finds out ; Sense ends in nothing, so naught goes about.' Which rhyme of his was so rapturous to himself, that on the re- citing of the second verse, the old man turned himself about upon his toe as nimbly as one may observe a dry leaf whisked round the corner of an orchard-walk by some little whirlwind. With this philosopher I have had many discourses concerning the immor- tality of the soul and its distinction ; when I have run him quite down by reason, he would but laugh at me, and say, this is logic, H. (calling me by my Christian name ;) to which I replyed, this is reason, father L. (for so I used and some others to call him ;) but it seems you are for the new lights, and immediate inspiration, which I confess he was as little for as for the other ; but I said so only in the way of drollery to him in those times, but truth is, nothing but palpable experience would move him; and being a bold man, and fearing nothing, he told me he had used all the magical ceremonies of conjuration he could, to raise the devil or a spirit, and had a most earnest desire to meet with one, but never could do it. But this he told me, when he did not so much as think of it, while his servant was pulling off his boots in the hall, some invisible hand gave him such a clap upon the back, that it made all ring again ; ' so,' thought he now, ' I am invited to the converse of my spirit,' and therefore, so soon as his boots were off, and his shoes on, out he goes into the yard and next field, to find out the spirit that had given him this familiar clap on the back, but found none neither in the yard nor field next to it. LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 225 " But though he did not feel this stroke, albeit he thought it afterwards (finding nothing came of it) a mere delusion ; yet not long before his death, it had more force with him than all the phi- losophical arguments I could use to him, though I could wind him and nonplus him as I pleased ; but yet all my arguments, how solid soever, made no impression upon him; wherefore, after several reasonings of this nature, whereby I would prove to him the soul's distinction from the body, and its immortality, when nothing of such subtile consideration did any more execution on his mind than some lightning is said to do, though it melts the sword, on the fuzzy consistency of the scabbard,—' Well,' said I, ' father L., though none of these things move you, I have some- thing still behind, and what yourself has acknowledged to be true, that may do the business :— Do you remember the clap on your back when your servant was pulling off your boots in the halll Assure yourself, says I, father L., that goblin will be the first to bid you welcome into the other world.' Upon that his countenance changed most sensibly, and he was more confounded with this rubbing up his memory, than with all the rational or philosophical argumentations that I could produce." Note W. But she has ta'en the broken lance, And wasVd it from the clotted gore, And salved the splinter o'er and o'er. — P. 95. Sir Kenelm Digby, in a discourse upon the cure by sympathy, pronounced at Montpelier before an assembly of nobles and learned men, translated into English by R. White, gentleman, and published in 1658, gives us the following curious surgical case: — " Mr. James Howel (well known in France for his public works, and particularly for his Dendrologie, translated into French by Mons. Baudouin) coming by chance, as two of his best friends were fighting in duel, he did his endeavour to part them ; and, putting himselfe between them, seized, with his left hand, upon the hilt of the sword of one of the combatants, while, with his right nand, he laid hold of the blade of the other. They, being transported with fury one against the other, struggled to rid themselves of the hinderance their friend made, that they 226 APPENDIX TO THE should not kill one another; and one of them roughly drawing the blade of his sword, cuts to the very bone the nerves and muscles of Mr. Howel's hand ; and then the other disengaged his hilts and gave a crosse blow on his adversarie's head, which glanced towards his friend, who heaving up his sore hand to save the blow, he was wounded on the back of his hand as he had been before within. It seems some strange constellation reigned then against him, that he should lose so much bloud by parting two such dear friends, who, had they been themselves, would have hazarded both their lives to have preserved his; but this involun- tary effusion of bloud by them, prevented that which they sholde have drawn one from the other. For they, seeing Mr. Howel's face besmeared with bloud, by heaving up his wounded hand, they both ran to embrace him ; and, having searched his hurts, they bound up his hand with one of his garters, to close the veins which were cut, and bled abundantly. They brought him home, and sent for a surgeon. But this being heard at court, the King sent one of his own surgeons ; for his Majesty much affected the said Mr. How el. " It was my chance to be lodged hard by him ; and four or five days after, as I was making myself ready, he came to my house, and prayed me to view his wounds : ' for I understand,' said he, 1 that you have extraordinary remedies on such occasions, and my surgeons apprehend some fear that it may grow to a gangrene, and so the hand must be cut off.' In effect, his countenance dis- covered that he was in much pain, which he said was insupport- able, in regard of the extreme inflammation. I told him I would willingly serve him ; but if haply he knew the manner how I would cure him, without touching or seeing him, it may be he would not expose himself to my manner of curing, because he would think it, peradventure, either ineffectual or superstitious. He replied, 'the wonderful things which many have related unto me of your way of medicament, makes me nothing doubt at all of its efficacy ; and all that I have to say unto you is comprehend- ed in the Spanish proverb, Hagase el milagro y hagalo Mahoma — Let the miracle be done, though Mahomet do it.' "I asked him then for any thing that had the bloud upon it; so he presently sent for his garter, wherewith his hand was first bound ; and as I called for a basin of water, as if I would wash LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 227 my hands, I took a handful of powder of vitriol, which I had in my study, and presently dissolved it. As soon as the bloudy garter was brought me, I put it within the bason, observing, in the in- terim, what Mr. Howel did, who stood talking- with a gentleman in a corner of my chamber, not regarding- at all what I was doing- ; but he started suddenly, as if he found some strange alteration in himself. I asked him what he ailed 1 ' I know not what ailes me ; but I finde that I feel no more pain. Methinks that a pleasing kinde of freshnesse, as it were a wet cold napkin, did spread over my hand, which hath taken away the inflammation that tormented me before.'— I replied, ' Since then that you feel already so good effect of my medicament, I advise you to cast away all your playsters; only keep the wound clean, and in a moderate temper betwixt heat and cold.' This was presently reported to the Duke of Buckingham, and a little after to the King, who were both very curious to know the circumstance of the businesse, which was, that after dinner I took the garter out of the water, and put it to dry before a great fire. It w T as scarce dry, but Mr. Howel's servant came running, that his master felt as much burning as ever he had done, if not more ; for the heat was such as if his hand were 'twixt coles of fire. I answered, although that had happened at present, yet he should find ease in a short time ; for I knew the reason of this new accident, and w T ould provide accordingly ; for his master should be free from that inflammation, it may be before he could possibly return to him ; but in case he found no ease, I wished him to come pre- sently back again; if not, he might forbear coming. Thereupon he went ; and at the instant I did put again the garter into the water, thereupon he found his master without any pain at all. To be brief, there was no sense of pain afterward ; but within five or six dayes the wounds were cicatrized, and entirely heal- ed."— Page 6. The King (James VI.) obtained from Sir Kenelm the discovery of his secret, which he pretended had been taught him by a Carmelite friar, who had learned it in Armenia, or Persia. Let not the age of animal magnetism and metallic tractors smile at the sympathetic powder of Sir Kenelm Digby. Reginald Scott mentions the same mode of cure in these terms : — " And that which is more strange they can remedie anie stranger 228 APPENDIX TO THE with that verie sword wherewith they are wounded. Yea, and that which is beyond all admiration, if they stroke the sword upward with their fingers, the partie shall feele no pain ; whereas, if they draw their fingers downwards, thereupon the partie wounded shall feele intolerable pain." I presume that the suc- cess ascribed to the sympathetic mode of treatment might arise from the pains bestowed in washing the wound, and excluding the air, thus bringing on a cure by the first intention. It is introduced by Dryden in the Enchanted Island, a (very unneces- sary) alteration of the Tempest : — " Ariel. Anoint the sword which pierced him with this Weapon-salve, and wrap it close from air, Till I have time to visit him again." — Act v. sc.'2. Again, in scene 4th, Miranda enters with Hippolito's sword wrapt up : — " Hip. O my wound pains me ! Mir. I am come to ease you. [She unwraps the Sword. Hip. Alas, I feel the cold air come to me; My wound shoots worse than ever. Mir. Does it still grieve you ? [She wipes and anoints the Sword Hip. Now, methinks, there's something laid just upon it. Mir. Do you find no ease ? Hip. Yes, yes ; upon the sudden all this pain Is leaving me. Sweet heaven, how I am eased !" Note X. Our kin, and clan, and friends to raise. — P. 98. The speed with which the Borderers collected great bodies of horse, may be judged of from the following extract, when the subject of the rising was much less important than that supposed in the romance. It is taken from Carey's Memoirs : — " Upon the death of the old Lord Scroop, the Queen gave the west wardenry to his son, that had married my sister. He hav- ing received that office, came to me with great earnestness, and desired me to be his deputy, offering me that I should live with him in his house; that he would allow me half a dozen men, and as many horses, to be kept at his charge; and his fee being 1000 merks yearly, he would part it with me, and I should have the LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 229 half. This his noble offer I accepted of, and went with him to Carlisle; where I was no sooner come, but I entered into my office. We had a stirring time of it ; and few days past over my head but I was on horseback, either to prevent mischief, or take malefactors, and to bring the Border in better quiet than it nad been in times past. One memorable thing of God's mercy showed unto me, was such as I have good cause still to remem- ber it. " I had private intelligence given me, that there were two Scottishmen that had killed a churchman in Scotland, and were by one of the Graemes relieved. This Graeme dwelt within five miles of Carlisle. He had a pretty house, and close by it a strong tower, for his own defence in time of need. — About two o'clock in the morning, I took horse in Carlisle, and not above twenty-five in my company, thinking to surprise the house on a sudden. Before I could surround the house, the two Scots were gotten in the strong tower, and I could see a boy riding from the house as fast as his horse could carry him ; I little suspecting what it meant. But Thomas Carleton came to me presently, and told me, that if I did not presently prevent it, both myself and all my company would be either slain or taken prisoners. It was strange to me to hear this language. He then said to me, 1 Do you see that boy that rideth away so fast 1 He will be in Scotland within this half hour; and he is gone to let them know, that you are here, and to what end you are come, and the small number you have with you ; and that if they will make haste, on a sudden they may surprise us, and do with us what they please.' Hereupon we took advice what was best to be done. We sent notice presently to all parts to raise the country, and to come to us with all the speed they could; and withall we sent to Carlisle to raise the townsmen ; for without foot we could do no good against the tower. There we staid some hours, expecting more company ; and within short time after the country came in on all sides, so that we were quickly between three and four hundred horse ; and, after some longer stay, the foot of Carlisle came to us, to the number of three or four hundred men ; whom we pre- sently set to work, to get to the top of the tower, and to uncover the roof; and then some twenty of them to fall down together, and by that means to win the tower. — The Scots, seeing their Vol. I. 21 230 APPENDIX TO THE present danger, offered to parley, and yielded themselves to my mercy. They had no sooner opened the iron gate, and yielded themselves my prisoners, but we might see 400 horse within a quarter of a mile coming to their rescue, and to surprise me and my small company ; but of a sudden they stayed, and stood at gaze. Then had I more to do than ever ; for all our Borderers came crying, with full mouths, ' Sir, give us leave to set upon them; for these are they that have killed our fathers, our bro- thers, and uncles, and our cousins ; and they are coming, think- ing to surprise you, upon weak grass nags, such as they could get on a sudden ; and God hath put them into your hands, that we may take revenge of them for much blood that they have spilt of ours.' I desired they would be patient a while, and bethought myself, if I should give them their will, there would be few or none of the Scots that would escape unkilled ; (there was so many deadly feuds among them ;) and therefore I resolved with myself to give them a fair answer, but not to give them their desire. So I told them, that if I were not there myself, they might then do what they pleased themselves; but being present, if I should give them leave, the bleod that should be spilt that day would lie very hard upon my conscience. And therefore I desired them, for my sake, to forbear ; and, if the Scots did not presently make away with all the speed they could, upon my sending to them, they should then have their wills to do what they pleased. They were ill satisfied with rny answer, but durst not disobey. I sent with speed to the Scots, and bade them pack away with all the speed they could ; for if they stayed the messenger's return, they should few of them return to their own home. They made no stay ; but they were returned homewards before the messenger had made an end of his message. Thus, by God's mercy, I escaped a great danger ; and, by my means, there were a great many men's lives saved that day." Note Y. Showed sovthern ravage ivas begun. — P. 107. From the following fragment of a letter from the Earl of Northumberland to King Henry VIIL, preserved among the LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 231 Cotton MSS. Calig. B. vii. 179, the reader may estimate the nature of the dreadful war which was occasionally waged upon the Borders, sharpened by mutual cruelties, and the personal hatred of the wardens, or leaders. Some Scottish Barons, says the Earl, had threatened to come within " three miles of my pore house of Werkworth, where I lye, and gif me light to put on my clothes at mydnight; and alsoo the said Marke Carr said there opynly, that, seyng they had a governor on the Marches of Scotland, as well as they had in Ingland, he shoulde kepe your highness instructions, gyffyn unto your garyson, for making of any day-forrey ; for he and his friends wolde burne enough on the nyght, lettyng your counsaill here defyne a notable acte at theyre pleasures. Upon whiche, in your highnes name, I comaundet dewe watche to be kepte on your Marchies, for comyng in of any Scotts. — Neuertheles, upon Thursday at night last, came thyrty light horsemen into a litil village of myne, called Whitell, having not past sex houses, lying towards Ryddisdaill, upon Shilbotell More, and there wold have fyred the said howses, but ther was no fyre to get there, and they forgate to brynge any withe theyme ; and took a wyf being great with chylde, in the said towne, and said to hyr, Wher we can not gyve the lard lyght, yet we shall doo this in spyte of hym ; and gyve her iii mortall wounds upon the heid, and another in the right side, with a dagger : whereupon the said wyf is deede, and the childe in her bely is loste. Beseeching your most gracious highness to reduce unto your gracious memory this wyl- ful and shamefull murder, done within this your highnes realme, notwithstanding all the inhabitants thereabout rose unto the said fray, and gave warnynge by becons into the countrey afore theyme, and yet the Scottsmen dyde escape. And uppon cer- teyne knowledge to my brother ClyfTorthe and me, had by cre- dible persons of Scotland, this abomynable act not only to be done by dyverse of the Mershe, but also the afore named persons of Tyvidaill, and consented to, as by appearance, by the Erie of Murey, upon Friday at night last, let slyp C of the best horse- men of Glendaill, with a parte of your highnes subjects of Ber- wyke, together with George Dowglas, whoo came into Ingland agayne, in the dawning of the day ; but afore theyre retorne, they dyd mar the Earl of Murreis provisions at Coldingham ; for 232 APPENDIX TO THE they did not only burne the said town of Coldingham, with all the come thereunto belonging', which is esteemed wurthe cii marke sterling- ; but alsoo burned twa townes nye adjoining there- unto, called Branerdergest and the Black Hill, and toke xxiii per- sons, lx horse, with cc hed of cataill, which, no we as I am informed, hathe not only been a staye of the said Erie of Murreis not com- ing to the Bordure as yet, but alsoo, that none inlande man will adventure theyr self uppon the Marches. And as for the tax that shulde have been grauntyd for finding of the said iii hun- dred men, is utterly denyed. Upon which the King of Scotland departed from Edynburgh to Stirling, and as yet there doth remayn. And a-lso I, by the advice of my brother Clyfforth, have devysed, that within this iii nyghts, Godde willing, Kelsey, in like case, shall be brent, with all the corn in the said town ; and then they shall have noo place to lye any garyson in nygh unto the Borders. And as I shall atteigne further knowledge, I shall not faill to satisfye your highnes, according to my most bounden dutie. And for this burnyng of Kelsey is devysed to be done secretly, by Tyndaill and Ryddisdale. And thus the holy Try- nite and * * * your most royal estate, with long lyf, and as much increase of honour as your most noble heart can desire. At Werkworth the xxiid day of October." (1522.) Note Z. Belted Will Howard. — P. 109. Lord William Howard, third son of Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, succeeded to Naworth Castle, and a large domain annexed to it, in right of his wife Elizabeth, sister of George Lord Dacre, who died without heirs male, in the 11th of Queen Elizabeth. By a poetical anachronism, he is introduced into the romance a few years earlier than he actually flourished. He was warden of the Western Marches ; and, from the rigour with which he repressed the Border excesses, the name of Belted Will Howard is still famous in our traditions. In the castle of Naworth, his apart- ments, containing a bedroom, oratory, and library, are still shown. They impress us with an unpleasing idea of the life of a lord warden of the Marches. Three or four strong doors, separating* these rooms from the rest of the castle, indicate the apprehen- LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 233 sions of treachery from his garrison ; and the secret winding pas- sages, through which he could privately descend into the guard- room, or even into the dungeons, imply the necessity of no small degree of secret superintendence on the part of the governor. As the ancient books and furniture have remained undisturbed, the venerable appearance of these apartments, and the armour scattered around the chamber, almost lead us to expect the arrival of the warden in person. Naworth Castle is situated near Brampton, in Cumberland. Lord William Howard is ancestor of the Earls of Carlisle. Note A 2. Lord Dacre. — P. 109. The well-known name of Dacre is derived from the exploits of one of their ancestors at the siege of Acre, or Ptolemais, under Richard Cceur de Lion. There were two powerful branches of that name. The first family, called Lord Dacres of the South, held the castle of the same name, and are ancestors to the pre- sent Lord Dacre. The other family, descended from the same stock, were called Lord Dacres of the North, and were barons of Gilsland and Graystock. A chieftain of the latter branch was warden of the West Marches during the reign of Edward VI. He was a man of a hot and obstinate character, as appears from some particulars of Lord Surrey's letter to Henry VIII., giving an account of his behaviour at the siege and storm of Jedburgh. It is printed in the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, Appendix to the Introduction. Note B2. The German hackbut-men. — P. 110. In the wars with Scotland, Henry VIII. and his successors employed numerous bands of mercenary troops. At the battle of Pinky, there were in the English army six hundred hackbut- ters on foot, and two hundred on horseback, composed chiefly of foreigners. On the 27th of September, 1549, the Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector, writes to the Lord Dacre, warden of the W T est Marches; "The Almains, in number two thousand, 21* 234 APPENDIX TO THE very valiant soldiers, shall be sent to you shortly from Newcastle, together with Sir Thomas Holcroft, and with the force of your wardenry, (which we would were advanced to the most strength of horsemen that might be), shall make the attempt to Lough- maben, being of no such strength but that it may be skailed with ladders, whereof, beforehand, we would you caused secretly some number to be provided; or else undermined with the pyke-axe, and so taken: either to be kept for the King's Majesty, or other- wise to be defaced, and taken from the profits of the enemy. And in like manner the house of Carlaverock to be used." Re- peated mention occurs of the Almains, in the subsequent corre- spondence ; and the enterprise seems finally to have been aban- doned, from the difficulty of providing these strangers with the necessary " victuals and carriages in so poor a country as Dum- fries-shire." — History of Cumberland, vol. i. Introd. p. lxi. From the battle-pieces of the ancient Flemish painters, we learn, that the Low Country and German soldiers marched to an assault with their right knees bared. And we may also observe, in such pictures, the extravagance to which they carried the fashion of ornamenting their dress with knots of ribbon. This custom of the Germans is alluded to in the Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 121. "Their pleited garments therewith well accord, All jagde and frounst, with divers colours deckt." Note C 2. "Ready, aye ready,'''' for the field. — P. 111. Sir John Scott of Thirlestane flourished in the reign of James V., and possessed the estates of Thirlestane, Gamescleuch, &c, lying upon the river of Ettrick, and extending to St. Mary's Loch, at the head of Yarrow. It appears, that when Jamer had assem- bled his nobility, and their feudal followers, at Fala, with the pur- pose of invading England, and was, as isw T ell known, disappointed by the obstinate refusal of his peers, this baron alone declared himself ready to follow the King wherever he should lead. In memory of his fidelity, James granted to his family a charter of arms, entitling them to bear a border of fleurs-de-luce, similar to the tressure in the royal arms, with a bundle of spears for the LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 235 crest ; motto, Ready, aye ready. The charter itself is printed by Nisbet; but his work being- scarce, I insert the following accurate transcript from the original, in the possession of the Right Hon- ourable Lord Napier, the representative of John of Thirlestaine. "James Rex. " We James, by the grace of God, King of Scottis, considerand the rTaith and guid servis of of of 1 right traist friend John Scott of Thirlestane, quha cummand to our hoste at Soutra-edge, with three score and ten launcieres on horseback of his friends and followers, and beand willing to gang with ws into England, when all our nobles and others refused, he was ready to stake at all our bidding ; ffor the quhilk cause, it is our will, and we doe straitlie command and charg our lion herauld and his deputies for the time beand, to give and to graunt to the said John Scott, ane Border of ffleure de Uses about his coatte of armes, silk as is on our royal banner, and aJsua ane bundell of launces above his hel- met, with thir words, Readdy, ay Readdy, that he and all his aflercummers may bruik the samine as a pledge and taiken of our guid will and kyndnes for his true worthines ; and thir our letters seen, ye nae wayes failzie to doe. Given at Ffalla Muire, under our hand and privy cashet, the xxvii day of July, m c and xxxii zeires. By the King's graces speciall ordinance. "Jo. Arskine." On the back of the charter is written, " Edin. 14 January, 1713. Registred, conform to the act of parliament made anent probative writs, per M'Kaile, pror. and produced by Alexander Borthwick, servant to Sir William Scott of Thirlestane, M. L. J." Note D 2. An aged Knight, to danger steeVd, With many a moss-trooper, came on ; And azure in a golden field, The stars and crescent graced his shield, Without the bend of Murdieston. — P. 111. The family of Harden are descended from a younger son of the Laird of Buccleuch, who flourished before the estate of Murdieston 1 Sic in oris. 236 APPENDIX TO THE was acquired by the marriage of one of those chieftains with the heiress, in 1296- Hence they bear the cognizance of the Scotts upon the field ; whereas those of the Buccleuch are disposed upon a bend dexter, assumed in consequence of that marriage. — See Gladstaine of Whitelawe's MSS., and Scott of Stokoe's Ped- igree> Newcastle, 1783. Walter Scott of Harden, who flourished during the reign of Queen Mary, was a renowned Border freebooter, concerning whom tradition has preserved a variety of anecdotes, some of which have been published in the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Bor- der ; others in Leyden's Scenes of Infancy ; and others, more lately, in The Mountain Bard, a collection of Border ballads by Mr. James Hogg. The bugle-horn, said to have been used by this formidable leader, is preserved by his descendant, the present Mr. Scott of Harden. His castle was situated upon the very brink of a dark and precipitous dell, through which a scanty riv- ulet steals to meet the Borthwick. In the recess of this glen he is said to have kept his spoil, which served for the daily mainte- nance of his retainers, until the production of a pair of clean spurs, in a covered dish, announced to the hungry band, that they must ride for a supply of provisions. He was married to Mary Scott, daughter of Philip Scott of Dryhope, and called in song the Flower of Yarrow. He possessed a very extensive estate, which was divided among his five sons. There are numerous descendants of this old marauding Baron. The following beau- tiful passage of Leyden's Scenes of Infancy, is founded on a tra- dition respecting an infant captive, whom Walter of Harden car ried off in a predatory incursion, and who is said to have become the author of some of our most beautiful pastoral songs : — "Where Bortha hoarse, that loads the meads with sand, Rolls her red tide to Teviot's western strand, Through slaty hills, whose sides are shagg'd with thorn, Where springs, in scatter'd tufts, the dark-green corn, Towers wood-girt Harden, far above the vale, And clouds of ravens o'er the turrets sail. A hardy race, who never shrunk from war, The Scott, to rival realms a mighty bar. Here fixed his mountain-home ;— a wide domain, And rich the soil, had purple heath been grain; But what the niggard ground of wealth denied, From fields more bless'd his fearless arm supplied LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 237 •The waning harvest-noon shone cold and bright; The warder's horn was heard at dead of night; And as the massy portals wide were flung, With stamping hoofs the rocky pavement rung. What fair, half-veil'd, leans from her latticed hall, Where red the wavering gleams of torchlight fall ? *Tis Yarrow's fairest Flower, who, through the gloom, Looks, wistful, for her lover's dancing plume. Amid the piles of spoil, that strew'd the ground, Her ear, all anxious, caught a wailing sound; With trembling haste the youthful matron flew, And from the hurried heaps an infant drew. " Scared at the light, his little hands he flung Around her neck, and to her bosom clung; While beauteous Mary soothed, in accents mild, His fluttering soul, and elasp'd her foster child. Of milder mood the gentle captive grew, Nor loved the scenes that scared his infant view; In vales remote, from camps and castles far, He shunn'd the fearful shuddering joy of war; Content he loves of simple swains to sing, Or wake to fame the harp's heroic string. •" His are the strains, whose wandering echoes thrill The shepherd, lingering on the twilight hill, When evening brings the merry folding hours, And sun-eyed daisies close their winking flowers. He lived o'er Yarrow's Flower to shed the tear, To strew the holly leaves o'er Harden's bier: But none was found above the minstrel's tomb, Emblem of peace, to bid the daisy bloom : He, nameless as the race from which he sprung, Saved other names, and left his own unsung." Note E 2. Knighthood he took of Douglas' sword. — P. 124 The dignity of knighthood, according to the original institution, had this peculiarity, that it did not flow from the monarch, but could be conferred by one who himself possessed it, upon any squire who, alter due probation, was found to merit the honour of chivalry. Latterly, this power was confined to generals, who were wont to create knights bannerets after or before an engage- 238 APPENDIX TO THE" ment. Even so late as the reign of Queen Elizabeth, Essex highly offended his jealous sovereign by the indiscriminate exer- tion of this privilege. Among others, he knighted the witty Sir John Harrington, whose favour at court was by no means en- hanced by his new honours. — See the Nugce Antiques, edited by Mr. Park. But probably the latest instance of knighthood, con- ferred by a subject, was in the case of Thomas Ker, knighted by the Earl of Huntley, after the defeat of the Earl of Argyle in the battle of Belrinnes. The fact is attested, both by a poetical and prose account of the engagement, contained in an ancient MS. in the Advocates' library, and edited by Mr. Dalyell, in Godly Sangs and Ballets, Edin. 1802. Note F 2. Let Musgrave meet fierce Deloraine In single fight. P. 127. It may easily be supposed, that trial by single combat, so pecu- liar to the feudal system, was common on the Borders. In 1558 f the well-known Kirkaldy of Grange fought a duel with Ralph Evre, brother to the then Lord Evre, in consequence of a dispute about a prisoner said to have been ill treated by the Lord Evre. Pitscottie gives the following account of the affair : — "The Lord of Ivers his brother provoked William Kirkaldy of Grange to fight with him, in singular combat, on horseback, with spears ; who, keeping the appointment, accompanied with Monsieur d'Ossel, lieutenant to the French King, and the garrison of Hay mouth, and Mr. Ivers, accompanied with the governor and garrison of Berwick, it was discharged, under the pain of treason, that any man should come near the champions within a flight-shot, except one man for either of them, to bear their spears, two trumpets, and two lords to be judges. When they were in readiness, the trumpets sounded, the heraulds cried, and the judges let them go. They then encountered very fiercely ; but Grange struck his spear through his adversary's shoulder, and bare him off his horse, being sore wounded : But whether he died, or not, is uncertain.'* — P. 202. The following indenture will show at how late a period the L\\ Of THE LAST MINSTREL. 239 trial by combat was resorted to on the Border, as a proof of giiiit or innocence : — " It is agreed between Thomas Musgrave and Lancelot Carle- ton, for the true trial of such controversies as are betwixt them, to have it openly tried by way of combat, before God and the face of the world, to try it in Canonbyholme, before England and Scotland, upon Thursday in Easter-week, being the eighth day of April next ensuing, a. d. 1602, betwixt nine of the clock, and one of the same day, to fight on foot, to be armed with jack, steel cap, plaite sleeves, plaite breaches, plaite sockes, two basleard swords, the blades to be one yard and half a quarter in length, two Scotch daggers, or dorks, at their girdles, and either of them to provide armour and weapons for themselves, accord- ing to this indenture. Two gentlemen to be appointed, on the field, to view both the parties, to see that they both be equal in arms and weapons, according to this indenture; and being so viewed by the gentlemen, the gentlemen to ride to the rest of the company, and to leave them but two boys, viewed by the gentlemen, to be under sixteen years of age, to hold their horses. In testimony of this our agreement, we have both set our hands to this indenture, of intent all matters shall be made so plain, as there shall be no question to stick upon that day. Which inden- ture, as a witness, shall be delivered to two gentlemen. And for that it is convenient the world should be privy to every par- ticular of the grounds of the quarrel, we have agreed to set it down in this indenture betwixt us, that, knowing the quarrel, their eyes may be witness of the trial. THE GROUNDS OF THE QUARREL. " 1. Lancelot Carleton did charge Thomas Musgrave before the Lords of her Majesty's Privy Council, that Lancelot Carle- ton was told by a gentleman, one of her Majesty's sworn ser- vants, that Thomas Musgrave had offered to deliver her Majesty's Castle of Bewcastle to the King of Scots; and to witness the same, Lancelot Carleton had a letter under the gentleman's own hand for his discharge. " 2. He chargeth him, that whereas her Majesty doth yearly bestow a great fee upon him, as captain of Bewcastle, to aid and 240 APPENDIX TO THE defend her Majesty's subjects therein : Thomas Musgrave hath neglected his duty, for that her Majesty's Castle of Bewcastle was by him made a den of thieves, and an harbour and receipt for murderers, felons, and all sorts of misdemeanors. The pre- cedent was Quintin Whitehead and Runion Blackburne. " 3. He chargeth him, that his office of Bewcastle is open tor the Scotch to ride in and through, and small resistance made by him to the contrary. " Thomas Musgrave doth deny all this charge ; and saith, that he will prove that Lancelot Carleton cloth falsely bely him, and will prove the same by way of combat, according to this inden- ture. Lancelot Carleton hath entertained the challenge ; and so, by God's permission, will prove it true as before, and hath set his hand to the same. (Signed) " Thomas Musgrave. " Lancelot Carleton." Note G 2. He, the jovial harper. — P. 129. The person here alluded to, is one of our ancient Border min- strels, called Rattling Roaring Willie. This soubriquet was probably derived from his bullying disposition ; being, it would seem, such a roaring boy, as is frequently mentioned in old plays. While drinking at Newmill, upon Teviot, about five miles above Hawick, Willie chanced to quarrel with one of his own profes- sion, who was usually distinguished by the odd name of Sweet Milk, from a place on Rule Water so called. They retired to a meadow on the opposite side of the Teviot, to decide the contest with their swords, and Sweet Milk was killed on the spot. A thorn-tree marks the scene of the murder, which is still called Sweet Milk Thorn. Willie was taken and executed at Jed- burgh, bequeathing his name to the beautiful Scotch air, called " Rattling Roaring Willie." Ramsay, who set no value on tra- ditionary lore, published a few verses of this song in the Tea- table Miscellany, carefully suppressing all which had any con- nexion with the history of the author and origin of the piece. In this case, however, honest Allan is in some degree justified, LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL, XM J by the extreme worthlessncss of the poetry. A verse or two may be taken, as illustrative of the history of Roaring Willie, alluded to in Ihe text : — " Now Willie 's gane to Jeddart, And he's fbr the rood-day; 1 But Slobs and young Falnash 2 They follow'd him a' the way; They follow'd him a' the way, They sought him up and down, In the links of Ousenam water They fand him sleeping sound. " Stobs light aff his horse, And never a word he spak, Till he tied Willie's hands Fu' fast behind his back ; Fu' fast behind his back, And down beneath his knee, And drink will be dear to Willie, When sweet milk 3 gars him die. " Ah wae light on ye, Stobs ! An ill death mot ye die; Ye're the first and foremost man That e'er laid hands on me; That e : er laid hands on me, And took my mare me frae ; Wae to you, Sir Gilbert Elliot! Ye are my mortal fae! " The lasses of Ousenam water Are rugging and riving their hair, And a' for the sake of Willie, His beauty was so fair: His beauty was so fair, And comely for to see, And drink will be dear to Willie, When sweet milk gars him die. 1 The day of the Rood-fair at Jedburgh. 2 Sir Gilbert Elliot of Stobs, and Scott of Falnash. 3 A wretched pun on his antagonist's name. Vol. I. 22 212 APPENDIX TO THE Note H 2. She wrought not by forbidden spell. — P. 163. Popular belief, though contrary to the doctrines of the Church, made a favourable distinction betwixt magicians, and necroman- cers, or wizards ; the former were supposed to command the evil spirits, and the latter to serve, or at least to be in league and compact with, those enemies of mankind. The arts of subjecting the demons were manifold ; sometimes the fiends were actually- swindled by the magicians, as in the case of the bargain betwixt one of their number and the poet Virgil. The classical reader will doubtless be curious to peruse this anecdote : — " Virgilius was at scole at Tolenton, where he stodyed dyly- gently, for he was of great understandynge. Upon a tyme, the scolers had lycense to go to play and sporte them in the fyldes, after the usance of the old tyme. And there was also Virgilius therbye, also walkynge among the hylles alle about. It fortuned he spyed a great hole in the syde of a great hyll, wherein he went so depe, that he culd not see no more lyght ; and than he went a lytell farther therein, and than he saw some lyght agayne, and than he went fourth streyghte, and within a lytell wyle, after he harde a voyce that called, ' Virgilius ! Virgilius !' and looked aboute, and he colde nat see no body. Than sayd he, (i. e. the voice,) ' Virgilius, see ye not the lytell borde lying byside you there marked with that word V Than answered Virgilius, ' I see that borde well anough.' The voyce said, ' Doo awaye that borde, and lette me out there atte.' Than answered Virgilius to the voice that was under the lytell borde, and said, ' Who art thou that callest me so V Than answered the devyll, ' I am a devyll conjured out of the bodye of a certeyne man, and banysshed here untyll the day of judgmend, without that I be delyvered by the handes of men. Thus Virgilius, I pray the, delyver me out of this payn, and I shall shewe unto the many books of negro- mancye, and how thou shalt come by it lyghtly, and know the practyse therein, that no man in the scyence of negromancye shall passe the. And moreover, I shall shewe and enforme the so, that thou shalt have alle thy desyre, whereby methinke it is a great gyfte for so lytyll a doyng. For ye may also thus all LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 243 your power frendys helpe, and make rich your enemyes.' Tho- rough that great promyse was Virgilius tempted; he badde the fynd show the bokes tohym, that he might have and occupy them at his wyll ; and so the fynde shewed him. And than Virgilius pulled open a horde, and there was a lytell hole, and thereat wrang the devyll out like a yell, and cam and stode before Virgilius lyke a bigge man ; whereof Virgilius was astonied and marveyled greatly thereof, that so great a man myght come out at so lytell a hole. Than sayd Virgilius, ' Shulde ye well passe into the hole that ye cam out of]' — 'Yea, I shall do well,' said the devyll. — 1 1 holde the best plegge that I have, that ye shall not do it.' — ' Well,' said the devyll, ' thereto I consent.' And than the devyll wrange himselfe into the lytell hole ageyne; and as he was therein, Virgilius kyvcred the hole ageyne with the borde close, and so was the devyll begyled, and might nat there come out agen, but abideth shytte styll therein. Than called the devyll dredefully to Virgilius, and said, ' What have ye done, Virgilius V — Virgilius answered, « Abyde there styll to your day appoynted ;' and fro thens forth abydeth he there. And so Virgilius became very connynge in the practyse of the black scyence." This story may remind the reader of the Arabian tale of the Fisherman and the imprisoned Genie ; and it is more than proba- ble, that many of the marvels narrated in the life of Virgil, are of Oriental extraction. Among such I am disposed to reckon the following whimsical account of the foundation of Naples, con- taining the origin of the earthquakes with which it is afflicted. Virgil, who was a person of gallantry, had, it seems, carried off the daughter of a certain Soldan, and was anxious to secure his prize. "Than he thought in his mynde how he myghte marye hyr, and thought in his mynde to founde in the middes of the see a fayer towne, with great landes belongynge to it ; and so he did by his connynge, and called it Napeils. And the fandacyon of it was of egges, and in that town of Napeils he made a tower with iiii corners, and in the toppe he set an apell upon an yren yarde, and no man culde pull away that apell without he brake it ; and thorough e that yren set he a bolte, and in that bolte set he an egge. And he henge the apell by the stauke upon a cheyne, and so hangeth it still. And when the egge styrreth, so shulde 244 APPENDIX TO THE the towne of Napells quake ; and when the egge brake, than shulde the towne sinke. Whan he had made an ende, he lette call it Napells." This appears to have been an article of current belief during the middle ages, as appears from the statutes of the order Du Saint Esprit au droit desir, instituted in 1352. A chapter of the knights is appointed to be held annually at the Castle of the Enchanted Egg, near the grotto of Virgil. — Mont- faijcon, vol. ii. p. 329. Note [ 2. Since old Buccleuch the name did gain, When in the clench the buck was ta'en. — P. 168. A tradition preserved by Scott of Satchells, who published, in 1688, A true History of the Right Honourable name of Scott, gives the following romantic origin of that name. Two brethren, natives of Galloway, having been banished from that country for a riot, or insurrection, came to Rankleburn, in Ettrick Forest, where the keeper, whose name was Brydone, received them joy- fully, on account of their skill in winding the horn, and other mysteries of the chase. Kenneth MacAlpin, then King of Scot- land, came soon after to hunt in the royal forest, and pursued a buck from Ettrick-heuch to the glen now called Buckcleuch, about two miles above the junction of Rankleburn with the River Ettrick. Here the stag stood at bay ; and the King and his attendants, who followed on horseback, were thrown out by the steepness of the hill and the morass. John, one of the brethren from Galloway, had followed the chase on foot ; and now coming in, seized the buck by the horns, and, being a man of great strength and activity, threw him on his back, and ran with his burden about a mile up the steep hill, to a place called Cracra- Cross, where Kenneth had halted, and laid the buck at the Sovereign's feet. 1 iFroissart relates, that a knight of the household of the Comte de Foix ex- hibited a similar feat of strength. The hall-fire had waxed low, and wood was wanted to mend it. The knight went down to the court-yard, where stood an ass laden with fagots, seized on the animal and burden, and, carrying him up to the hall on his shoulders, tumbled him into the chimney with his heels upper- most : a humane pleasantry, much applauded by the Count and all the spec- tutors. LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 245 " The deer being curee'd in that place, At his majesty's demand, Then John of Galloway ran apace, And fetched water to his hand. The King did wash into a dish, And Galloway John he wot ; He said, 'Thy name now after this Shall ever be called John Scott " ' The forest and the dear therein, We commit to thy hand ; For thou shall sure the ranger be, If thou obey command : And for the buck thou stoutly brought To us up that steep heuch, Thy designation ever shall Be John Scott in Buckscleuch.' " In Scotland no Buckcleugh was then, Before the buck in the cleuch was slain ; Night's men 1 at first they did appear, Because moon and stars to their arms they bear. Their crest, supporters, and hunting-horn, Show their beginning from hunting came; Their name, and style, the book doth say, John gained them both into one day." Watt's Bellenden. 1 " Minions of the moon," as Falstaff would have said. The vocation pursued by our ancient Borderers may be justified on the authority of the most polished of the ancient nations :—" For the Grecians in old time, and such barbarians as in the continent lived ncere unto the sea, or else inhabited the islands, after once they began to crosse over one to another in ships, became theeves, and went abroad under the conduct of their more puissant men, both to enrich themselves, and to fetch in maintenance for the weak ; and falling upon towns unfortified, or scatteringly inhabited, rifled them, and made this the best means of thear living; being a matter at that time no where in disgrace, but rather carrying with it something of glory. This is manifest by some that dwell upon the continent, amongst whom, so it be performed nobly, it is still esteemed as ornament. The same is also proved by some of the ancient poets, who intro- duced men questioning of such as sail by, on all coasts alike, whether they be theeves or not ; as a thyng neyther scorned by such as were asked, nor upbraided by those that were desirous to know. They also robbed one another, within the main land; and much of Greece useth that old custome as the Locrians, the Acarnanians, and those of the continent in that quarter, unto this day. Moreover, the fashion of wearing iron remaineth vet with the people of that continent, from their old trade of theeving."— Hobbeb' Thur,j,iidcs p -i Loud 246 APPENDIX TO THE The Buccleuch arms have been altered, and now allude less pointedly to the hunting, whether real or fabulous. The family now bear Or, upon a bend azure, a mullet betwixt two crescents of the field ; in addition to which, they formerly bore in the field a hunting-horn. The supporters, now two ladies, were formerly a hound and buck, or, according to the old terms, a hart of leash and a hart of greece. The family of Scott of Howpalsey and Thirlestane long- retained the bugle-horn ; they also carried a bent bow and arrow in the sinister cantle, perhaps as a difference. It is said the motto was, — Best riding by moonlight, in allusion to the crescents on the shield, and perhaps to the habits of those who bore it. The motto now given is Amo, applying to the female supporters. Note K 2. The storm-swept Orcades ; Where erst St. Clairs held princely sway, O'er isle and islet, strait and bay. — P. 174. The St. Clairs are of Norman extraction, being descended from William de St. Clair, second son of Walderne Compte de St. Clair, and Margaret, daughter to Richard Duke of Normandy. He was called, for his fair deportment, the Seemly St. Clair ; and ? settling in Scotland during the reign of Malcolm Caenmore, obtained large grants of land in Mid-Lothian. — These domains were increased by the liberality of succeeding monarchs to the descendants of the family, and comprehend the baronies of Ros- line, Pentland, Cowsland, Cardaine, and several others. It is said a large addition was obtained from Robert Bruce, on the fol- lowing occasion : — The King, in following the chase upon Pent- land-hills, had often started a " white faunch deer," which had always escaped from his hounds ; and he asked the nobles, who were assembled around him, whether any of them had dogs, which they thought might be more successful. No courtier would affirm that his hounds were fleeter than those of the king, until Sir William St. Clair of Rosline unceremoniously said, he would wager his head that his two favourite dogs, Help and Hold, would kill the deer before she could cross the March-burn. The King instantly caught at his unwary offer, and betted the forest of LAY OP THE LAST MINSTREL. 247 Pentland-moor against the life of Sir William St. Clair. All the hounds were tied up, except a few ratches, or slow-hounds to put up the deer ; while Sir William St. Clair, posting himself in the best situation for slipping his dogs, prayed devoutly to Christ, the blessed Virgin, and St. Katherine. The deer was shortly after roused, and the hounds slipped ; Sir William following on a gal- lant steed, to cheer his dogs. The hind, however, reached the middle of the brook, upon which the hunter threw himself from his horse in despair. At this critical moment, however, Hold stopped her in the brook ; and Help, coming up, turned her back, and killed her on Sir William's side. The King descended from the hill, embraced Sir William, and bestowed on him the lands of Kirkton, Logan-house, Earncraig, &c. in free forestrie. Sir William, in acknowledgment of St. Katherine's intercession, built the chapel of St. Katherine in the Hopes, the churchyard of which is still to be seen. The hill, from which Robert Bruce beheld this memorable chase, is still called the King's Hill; and the place where Sir William hunted, is called the Knight's Field. 1 — MS. History of the Family of St. Clair, by Richard Augustin Hay, Canon of St. Genevieve. This adventurous huntsman married Elizabeth, daughter of Malice Spar, Earl of Orkney and Stratherne, in whose right their son Henry was, in 1379, created Earl of Orkney, by Haco, king of Norway. His title was recognised by the Kings of Scotland, and remained with his successors until it was annexed to the crown, in 1471, by act of Parliament. In exchange for this earldom, the castle and domains of Ravenscraig, or Ravensheuch, were conferred on William Saintclair, Earl of Caithness. » The tomb of Sir William St. Clair, on which he appears sculptured in armour, with a greyhound at his feet, is still to be seen in Roslin Chapel The person who shows it always tells the story of his hunting-match, with some addition to Mr. Hays account; as that the Knight of Rosline's fright made him poetical, and that in the last emergency, he shouted, " Help, Haud, an ye may, Or Roslin will lose his head this day." If this couplet does him no great honour as a poet, the conclusion of the story does him still less credit. He set his foot on the dog, says the narrator, and killed him on the spot, saying, he would never again put his Deck in such a risk As Mr. Hay does not mention this circumstance, I hope it is only founded on the couchant posture of the hound on the monument. 248 APPENDIX TO THE Note L 2. Still nods their palace to its fall, Thy pride and sorroia, fair Kirkwall. — P. 175. The Castle of Kirkwall was built by the St. Clairs, while Earls of Orkney. It was dismantled by the Earl of Caithness about 1615, having been garrisoned against the government by Robert Stewart, natural son to the Earl of Orkney. Its ruins afforded a sad subject of contemplation to John, Mas- ter of St. Clair, who, flying from his native country, on account of his share in the insurrection 1715, made some stay at Kirk- wall. " I had occasion to entertain myself at Kirkwall with the melancholie prospect of the ruins of an old castle, the seat of the old Earls of Orkney, my ancestors ; and of a more melancholy reflection, of so great and noble an estate as the Orkney and Shetland Isles being taken from one of them by James the Third, for faultrie, after his brother, Alexander, Duke of Albany, had married a daughter of my family, and for protecting and defending the said Alexander against the King, who wished to kill him, as he had done his youngest brother, the Earl of Mar ; and for which, after the forfaultrie, he gratefully divorced my forfaulted ancestor's sister ; though I cannot persuade myself that he had any misalliance to plead against a familie in whose veins the blood of Robert Bruce ran as fresh as in his own ; for their title to the crowne was by a daughter of David Bruce, son to Robert; and our alliance was by marrying a grandchild of the same Robert Bruce, and daughter to the sister of the same David, out of the familie of Douglass, which at that time did not much sullie the blood, more than rny ancestor's having not long before had the honour of marrying a daughter of the King of Denmark's, who was named Florentine, and has left in the town of Kirkwall a noble monument of the grandeur of the times, the finest church ever I saw entire in Scotland. I then had no small reason to think, in that unhappy state, on the many not inconsiderable services rendered since to the royal familie, for these many years bygone, on all occasions, when they stood most in need of friends, which they have thought themselves very often obliged to LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. 249 acknowledge by letters yet extant, and in a style more like friends than souveraigns ; our attachment to them, without any other thanks, having brought upon us considerable losses, and among others, that of our all in Cromwell's time ; and left in that condition without the least relief except what we found in our own virtue. My father was the only man of the Scots nation who had courage enough to protest in Parliament against King William's title to the throne, which was lost, God knows how : and this at a time when the losses in the cause of the royall familie, and their usual gratitude, had scarce left him bread to maintain a numerous familie of eleven children, who had soon after sprung- up on him, in spite of all which, he had honourably persisted in his principle. I say, these things considered, and after being treated as I was, and in that unluckie state, when objects appear to men in their true light, as at the hour of death, could I be blamed for making some bitter reflections to myself, and laughing at the extravagance and unaccountable humour of men, and the singularitie of my own case, (an exile for the cause of the Stuart family,) when I ought to have known, that the greatest crime I, or my family, could have committed, was perse- vering, to my own destruction, in serving the royal family faithfully, though obstinately, after so great a share of depression, and after they had been pleased to doom me and my familie to starve." — MS. Memoirs of John, Master of St. Clair. END OF NOTES TO THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. TUBLISIIED BY C. S. FRANCIS & CO., NEW-YOHK. »— — — « (Habinct Jtibrarg of (Hl)otce JJrosc antr ftortq}. HISTORY OF THE CONDITION OF WOMEN, in various Ages and Nations. By L. Maria Child. 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With an Explanatory and Histo- rical Introduction, by G. M. Bussey. Carefully revised and cor- rected, with some additions, amendments, and illustrative notes, from the work of E. W. Lane. Illustrated with Twenty large Engravings from designs by De Moraine, and numerous smaller Wood Cuts. In three volumes. Contents, INTRODUCTION. THE SULTAN OP THE INDIES, THE SUL- TANESS SHEHRAZADE AND HER SIS- TER DINARZADE. THE OX, THE ASS, AND THE LABORER. THE MERCHANT AND THE OENIE. THE FIRST OLD MAN AND THE GAZELLE. THE SECOND OLD MAN AND THE TWO BLACK DOGS. THE THIRD OLD MAN AND THE MULE. THE FISHERMAN AND THE GENIE. THE GREEK KING AND DOUBAN THE PHYSICIAN. THE HUSBAND AND THE PARROT. THE VIZIER WHO WAS PUNISHED. THE YOUNG KING OF THE BLACK ISLES. GANEM, THE SLAVE OF LOVE. THE ENCHANTED HORSE. THE PORTER, AND THE THREE LADIES OF BAGDAD. THE FIRST ROYAL CALENDER. THE SECOND ROYAL CALENDER. THE ENVIOUS MAN AND THE ENVIED. THE THIRD ROYAL CALENDER. STORY OF ZOBEIDE. STORY OF AMINA. NOUREDDIN AND ENIS ELJELIS, THB BEAUTIFUL PERSIAN. THE THREE APPLES. THE LADY WHO WAS MURDERED. NOUREDDIN AND HIS SON, AND SHEM- SEDDIN AND HIS DAUGHTER; BED- REDDIN HASSAN AND THE QUEEN OF BEAUTY. THE LITTLE HUMPBACK. THE CHRISTIAN MERCHANT'S STORY. STORY OF THE SULTAN'S PURVEYOR. STORY OF THE JEWISH PHYSICIAN. STORY TOLD BY THE TAILOR. STORY OF THE BARBER. THE BARBER'S FIRST BROTHER. THE BARBER'S SECOND BROTHER. THE BARBER'S THIRD BROTHER. THE BARBER ; S FOURTH BROTHER. THE BARBER'S FIFTH EROTHER. THE BARBER'S SIXTH BROTHER. CAMARALZAMAN AND BADOURA. PRINCE AMGIAD AND PRINCE ASSAD. THE SEVEN VOYAGES OF SINDBAD TH* SAILOR. PRINCE AHMED AND THE FAIRY PARI- BANOU. AEOU HASSAN, THE WAG. ALI COGIA, THE MERCHANT OF BAGDAD. ALI EBN BECAR AND iHEMSELNVHAR. ALADDIN, OR THE WONDERFUL LAMP. ADVENTURES OF HAROUN ALRASHID. BABA ABDALLAH. SIDI NOUMAN. COGIA HASSAN ALHABBAL. PRINCESS GULNARE OF THE SEA. KING BEDER BASIM AND THE PRINCESS GIOHARA. ALI BABA AND THE FORTY ROBBERS. PRINCE ZEYN ALASNAM AND THE KING OF THE GENII. PRINCE CODADAD AND HIS BROTHERS. THE PRINCESS OF DERYABAR. THE THREE SISTERS. PRINCESS PERIZADE AND HER BRO- THERS. CONCLUSION. " A beautiful American reprint of a book which furnishes, perhaps, as much of the ' stuff that dreams are made of,' as any other that we could mention. This has long been needed and wished for, and the book produced is just what was wanted. Paper and print unexceptionable ; illustrations graceful and suggestive, and price extreme- ly moderate; nothing mars the pleasure of possessing a work without which not only no library, but no youthful imagination, can be considered thoroughly fur- nished." — Union Mag. " The republication of these fascinating stories, in so good and cheap a form, will be very acceptable to the community. No good Americau edition, to our knowledge, has as yet been published, and it has been difficult to find it, except in the very ex- pensive illustrated French or English editions " — Boston Daily Adv. 10 PUBLISHED BY C. S. FRANCIS & CO., NEW-YORK. THOUGHTS ON THE POETS : By Henry T. Tuckerman, Author of " Artist Life," etc. Being Essays on the Lives, Characters, and Writings of the following $)oets: PETRARCH, COLLINS, THOMSON CRABBE, BYRON, BURNS, COLERIDGE HEMANS, DRAKE, GOLDSMITH, POPE, YOUNG, SHELLY MOORE, CAMPBELL, KEATS, TENNYSON, BRYANT, GRAY, COOPER, ALFIERI, HUNT, ROGERS, WORDSWORTH, BARRY CORNWALL, BARRETT, This volume does credit to the critical taste and imaginative faculties of the author, who passes in review the works of hetween twenty and thirty of our more modern poets, quotes them, points out theii beauties, and estimates their qualities in an enthusiastic spirit, congenial to his subjects, and yet not so unchecked as to lead him into indiscriminating admiration. He displays taste and judgment, in fact, as well as fancy ar.d feeling; and though verging toward praise, is not biind to the claims of criticism ; and is it not better, as well as more just, to be somewhat gentle in your visitings, and rather lavish than otherwise of encomium and encourage- ment, than to suppose that the critic's true office consists in detecting microscopic blemishes, magnifying them, and parading your superior talent in ill-natured carp- ing and dogmatic abuse ? Be assured that censure is not only the easiest, but the worst species of inquisition : any fool can find faults, but it requires a competent person to point out merits, and institute faithful comparisons. In performing hia pleasing task, Mr. Tuckerman has shown that he possessed this power ; and he has made a volume of a very agreeable nature, studded with poetical quotations, in sup- port of his opinions. — London Literary Gazette. Almost any man's true, unaffected, living thoughts on the poets, whose verse makes part of our mental substance, could hardly fail to be acceptable. We all love to talk about our friends, and to hear others talk about them, in the right spirit. But Mr. Tuckerman's talk is as if we heard from a fine genial soul, who had seen our friend since we had seen him ; and knew him and loved him quite as well as ourselves ; minute and discriminating accounts of his excellence — made extra- piquant by personal anecdotes, and reminiscences of amusiDg and pathetic passages in his history.— Mirror. Mr. Tuckerman is one of our especial favorites. There is a grace, delicacy, and earnestness about his writings, which we admire and love ; while his candor, his warm appreciation of the merits of others, and his critical nicety of discrimination in literary matters, constitute him, in our opinion, one of the best guides to those who, not being able to give much time to study, are yet desirous of cultivating a taste fur elegant letters. — New York Gazette. This volume does great credit to Mr. Tuckerman as a writer and critic. No work has appeared from an American source, within our memory, so thoroughly imbued with the belles-lettres spirit, as this. It is the result of much patient thinking on the most attractive of all subjects, and is admirably calculated as a guide to a large class of the reading public, who have the means and the time to gratify liteiary tastes, but are ignorant of the relative rank and importance of the different English poets, and of the best method of reading them to advantage. . . , This volume is well calculated to convey knowledge as well as opinions. We cordially recommend It to the lovers of poetry. — Boston Courier. 16 PUBLISHED BY C. S. FRANCIS & CO., NEW-YORK. Works of SffiMlltam OTarc, ZENOBIA; OR, THE FALL OF PALMYRA: A Historical Romance, in Letters of L. Maulins Piso from Palmyra, to his friend Marcus Curtius at Rome. 2 vols. l2mo. Seventh edition. " ' The Letters from Palmyra' is one of the most brilliant additions to American literature. To have fallen on a subject of such admirable capabilities, and unap- propriated by previous seekers after attractive themes for works of notion, was a piece of rare good fortune, in an age of such literary abundance as the present ; to have treated it in a manner fully equal to its demands on the imagination, required high powers, persevering labor, and the keenest perception. All this has been done in this beautiful work." — North American Review " Minds that go ' far back in the ages ' to refresh the imagination and seek instruc- tion, nothing repelled by the associations of antiquity, will be drawn towards this de- lightful book by its name merely, and once conversant with its pages, will never cease to feast upon them, until ihey have possessed themselves of the whole." — New- York Evening Post. "It has already become a classic, and needs no commendation." — Tribune. AURELIAN : OR, ROME IN THE THIRD CENTURY. In Letters of L. Manlius Piso, from Rome, to Fausta the Daughter of Gracchus, at Palmyra. 2 vols. " This is a new edition of " Probus," the well-known sequel to " Zenobia." The Ruthor states that the book has been republished abroad in sever .1 places, under the name of "Aurelian," and that, so far from complaining of the liberty taken, he could not but regard it as a piece of good fortune, as he himself had long thought "Aurelian" to be a more appropriate title than the one originally chosen. Francis & Co. have now issued it in two neat but cheap volumes. It is hardly necessary to speak of the merits of a work which not only has crowds of enthusiastic admirers, but which has been deliberately placed, by consent of both learned and unlearned, on the same shelf with the most original prose productions of America — the writings of Brown and Irving. If any who read this paragraph have not yet read Zenobia and its sequel, we say to them do so at once. Put by or throw away tie productions of to day for a short time, and read the most artistic, consistent and elevating pictures of " old Rome " and her enemies, which has ever been attempted.'' — Boston Post. " This work presents the struggle of Paganism with Christian ty, in the midst of one of the great eras of persecution, and, in our esteem, is, with "Zenobia," not only one of the most remarkable, but also one of the most valuable productions in the field of historic fiction, whether of this or any other age." — Christian Register. "These volumes show how thoroughly the writer's mind was imbued with the beauty aud spirit of those classical authors, whose treasures of learning and gems of thought he seems to have made all his own." — Jour, of Commerce. JULIAN ; OR SCENES IN JUDEA. 2 vols. " The style of these works cannot be too highly commended. It is easy, graceful, and pure — varying with the subject, and happily expressive of all its changes. In narrative, it is simple and unadorned. In description of external scenery it becomes ornate, and sometimes highly colored. It is a great excellence in fictitious composi- tion, to make the reader see the things described. This is precisely the leading excellence of the descriptive parts of our author's works. They seem to be reali- ties reduced to writing. The books leave an impression of completeness, just pro- portion, and admirable distribution of parts, which are found in perfection only in the works of great masters.'' — North American Review. " These works evince an extent and minuteness of classical learning which but few possess, and fewer still have the power so beautifully and skilfully to embody. The student of history, and especially the student of classic language and histo y, will derive as much solid instruction as the reader of taste finds delight in the graceful sketches, the pure style, and the exalted sentiments which characterize them." — New- Ywk Evangelist. 18