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A CATECHISM 
 
 ON 
 
 VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 
 
 IN 
 
 WEST VIRGINIA 
 
 UNDER 
 
 THE SMITH-HUGHES LAW 
 
 Prepared by 
 J. F. MARSH, State Director 
 
 Issued by 
 THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION 
 
 Charleston 
 1921 
 
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 rji»«Efta«ii»aN*iKaH«ii!m!a^^ 
 
A CATECHISM 
 
 ON 
 
 VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 
 
 IN 
 
 W^EST VIRGINIA 
 
 UNDER 
 
 THE SMITH-HUGHES LAW 
 
 Prepared by 
 J. F. MARSH, State Director 
 
 ^^"^^T"*^^ Issued by 
 
 THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION 
 
 ^ 
 
 Charleston 
 1921 
 
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 <TBA^I^ i9 nC0UNc"n-» 
 
 JARRETT PRINTING CO.. CHARLESTON 
 
 LIBRARY CF CONGRESS 
 r::.ceived 
 
 DEC 22 192o 
 
THE PURPOSE OF THIS BULLETIN 
 
 This bulletin is intended to answer many questions coming to the 
 State Board of Education regarding vocational education in West 
 Virginia under the Smith-Hughes Law; and, to give general directions 
 and suggestions to teachers and officials who wish to take advantage 
 of the provisions of the Federal and State laws relating to vocational 
 education. 
 
 Material and directions in greater detail may be had on application 
 
 to the state supervisors who are listed on p. It is the hope of the 
 
 author that this bulletin will make plain the general purposes, pro- 
 visions, and workings of the Smith-Hughes Law for promoting voca- 
 tional education as it applies to West Virginia. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION, 
 J. F. Marsh, Secretary. George M. Ford, President. 
 
 Geo. S. Laidley, 
 E. W. Oglebay, 
 * L. W. Burns, 
 
 W. C. Cook, 
 Howard M. Gore, 
 Mrs. Lenna Lowe Yost- 
 
THE SMITH-HUGHES LAW— ITS PURPOSE. 
 
 Q. What is the Smith-Hughes Law? 
 
 A. It is a Federal law passed by Congress in 1917 intended to pro- 
 mote vocational education through Federal stimulation and Federal 
 aid to the States for this purpose. 
 
 See p. for the full text of the Smith-Hughes Law. 
 
 Q. Why was this law passed? 
 
 A. Congress felt that our educational system had fallen short of 
 its opportunity by not providing more special training for the large 
 army of persons who must go directly from the elementary schools 
 and lower grades of the high schools to employment, and, for the 
 hundreds of thousands of workers who desire to continue their educa- 
 tion without giving up their positions as workers. 
 
 Q. Does the law indicate a new tendency in our Government with 
 respect to education? 
 
 A. No, Congress under the Morrill, Adams, and Lever acts and 
 several others has, for many years, provided assistance to the states 
 to stimulate training in Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. The 
 Smith-Hughes Law is an extension of an old policy that has worked 
 well. 
 
 THE FEDERAL ORGANIZATION FOR VOCATIONAL WORK. 
 
 Q. How is the Federal Law administered? 
 
 A. By the Federal Board for Vocational Education (200 New 
 Jersey Ave., Washington, D. C), appointed by the President of the 
 United States. 
 
 Q. Does the Federal Board send representatives to local schools? 
 
 A. Federal agents work only through state representatives. Ex- 
 perts are sent out by the Federal Board to check up the work of state 
 officers in charge of vocational education. Their services may be se- 
 cured by local schools through the State organization. 
 
 Q. What is the attitude of the Federal authorities who administer 
 the vocational law? 
 
 A. Some persons have the impression that the Federal authorities 
 are dictatorial and over-technical. In truth they have been very con- 
 siderate and liberal in dealing with West Virginia. They allow every 
 possible adjustment to local conditions so long as the purposes of the 
 Smith-Hughes Law are being carried out. 
 
 THE STATE ORGANIZATION FOR VOCATIONAL WORK. 
 
 Q. Who has charge of vocational education in West Virginia? 
 
 A. The State Board of Education is directly responsible for de- 
 termining and carrying out the educational policy as it relates to 
 vocational education under the Smith-Hughes Law. 
 
 Q. What officers are directly responsible for supervising the dif- 
 ferent phases of vocational education? 
 
A. The following table shows the state organization for 1921-1922: 
 
 J. F. Marsh, Charleston, State Director. 
 
 Rachel H. Colwell, Morgantown, State Supervisor of Vocational 
 Home Economics. (She will give only a small part of her 
 time to the general supervision of the work. The State 
 Board of Education hopes to announce the appointment of an 
 assistant supervisor who will take charge of the field work 
 in the near future.) 
 
 C. H. Winkler, Morgantown, State Supervisor of Vocational 
 Agriculture. (Others will assist Dr. Winkler, but he will be 
 in position to answer all questions concerning this special 
 subject.) 
 
 Geo. E. Hubbs, Charleston, State Supervisor of Trades and 
 Industries. (Mr. Hubbs will give special attention to or- 
 ganizing and supervising industrial departments, part-time 
 classes and evening schools in trade and industrial education.) 
 
 A. C. Callen, Morgantown, State Supervisor of Mining Educa- 
 tion. (He will have charge of a corps of extension teachers 
 who will conduct evening classes for miners in different parts 
 of the State.) 
 
 Edward S. Maclin, Morgantown, State Supervisor of Teacher- 
 training in Industrial Subjects and Professor of General 
 Vocational Education in the West Virginia University. 
 
 HOW TO SECURE FEDERAL AND STATE AID. 
 
 Q. How may local boards of education and school officials secure 
 aid in vocational education? 
 
 A. The general steps may be outlined as follows: 
 
 (1) Write to the state supervisor of the subject or subjects 
 in which you are interested, asking for application form, regu- 
 lations and suggestions. As a rule it will be possible to secure 
 a visit from the state supervisor if the request is made in 
 good time. If state and federal aid are desired, it is important 
 that the state officers be advised in advance so that the work 
 will be organized in accordance with federal and state laws. 
 Funds cannot be reserved for classes unless the state officers 
 know the demands in advance. 
 
 (2) When classes are organized in accordance with the sug- 
 gestions given in (1) above, the proper state supervisors 
 should be notified and requested to visit the classes and to 
 furnish proper blanks for the necessary reports. 
 
 (3) A final report, simple in its nature, is required at the 
 end of the year and should be sent on prescribed forms to the 
 proper supervisor so that reports may be made to the Federal 
 Board in accordance with the federal law. 
 
 Q. How much aid is given for approval classes? 
 
 A. As a general rule the local community pays one-half the salary 
 
7 
 
 of the teacher, the other half being- paid from the federal funds or 
 from federal and state funds combined. 
 
 Q. How is the check secured? 
 
 A. The entire salary of the teacher should be paid in the ordinary 
 Way by the local board. At the end of the year or school a payroll 
 in favor of the local board should be made out and forwarded to the 
 proper state supervisor for approval. Then a check on the federal and 
 state funds for reimbursement is drawn and sent to the treasurer of 
 the local board, or the sheriff of the county to be credited to the fund 
 from which approved vocational teachers were paid. 
 
 Q. Will the payments always amount to fifty per cent of the salary 
 of approved vocational teachers? 
 
 A. Not necessarily. If the demands for vocational classes grow 
 sufficiently, it may be necessary for the State Board of Education to 
 pro-rate federal and state funds, or to offer a flat sum to be credited 
 on the salary of approved teachers. 
 
 FUNDS AVAILABLE FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. 
 
 Q. How much aid does the Federal Board give for Vocational Edu- 
 cation in West Virginia? 
 
 A. For the year 1921-22 the federal allotments to West Virginia 
 will be as follows: 
 
 (1) For vocational agriculture $31,949.87 
 
 (2) For trade, industry and home 
 
 economics 10,273.61 
 
 (3) For training vocational teachers 13,904.10 
 
 Total for state $56,127.58 
 
 State Appropriation for Vocational Education, 
 
 1921-22 ..../ 25,000.00 
 
 Total available for vocational education $81,127.58 
 
 Q. What special limitations are placed upcn the use of these funds? 
 
 A. Below are given some of the special divisions that must be made 
 in the use of the funds allotted to the State by the Federal Govern- 
 ment: 
 
 (1) Only twenty per cent of the fund for trade and home 
 economics, (2) above, can be used for home economics. 
 
 (2) At least one-third of the same fund, (2) above, must 
 be used for approved part-time classes or not used at all. West 
 Virginia has not yet met the requirements for using all of this 
 one-third. 
 
 (3) The teacher-training fund, (3) above, can be used only 
 for training persons who are preparing to teach vocational 
 classes. This training is offered at our State University, at 
 local centers, and to individual teachers by itinerant instructors 
 sent out by the state. West Virginia to date has been able to 
 use only a part of the teacher-training fund because we do not 
 
have enough vocational classes and schools to induce large 
 numbers of persons to prepare specifically for vocational 
 teaching. 
 
 (4) A good portion of the teacher-training fund is used for 
 state supervision since the Federal Board rules that helpful 
 supervision is one phase of teacher-training. 
 Q. Will any of the state appropriaticn be available for classes that 
 do not meet Federal reauirements? 
 
 A. It is hoped that local communities will match a large part of 
 the Federal fund so that some of the state appropriation may be used 
 for vocational projects that do not meet all of the requirements of the 
 Smith-Hughes Law. 
 
 Q. May funds from private sources be used to match Federal 
 vocational funds? 
 
 A. If such funds are turned over to the local board of education 
 without condition and are thus converted into public funds, they may 
 be used to match Federal payments. 
 
 TYPES OF WORK APPROVED. 
 
 Q. What general types of vocational work are approved for re- 
 imbursement? 
 
 A. A complete answer may be found to this inquiry by reference 
 to the state plans in this bulletin (pp. ). 
 
 Q. What are some of the most common types of wcrk under these 
 headings? 
 
 A. The following notes will answer this question in a general way: 
 
 (1) Agriculture — 
 
 (a) Regular vocational departments in high schools, pp. — ). 
 
 (b) A few evening classes. 
 
 (2) Home Economics — - 
 
 (a) Regular vocational departments in high schools and some 
 
 institutions offering secondary courses. 
 
 (b) Evening schools for women who take special short series 
 
 of lessons in some phase of cooking or sewing. 
 
 (3) Trades and Industines — 
 
 (a) All-day department in high schools for young persons 
 
 preparing for a definite trade (Parkersburg is plan- 
 ning to off'er such a course in 1921-22). 
 
 (b) Part-time classes for young persons who have entered 
 
 employment and enrolled in courses to improve their 
 vocational efficiency or civic intelligence. Persons who 
 enroll in such classes must attend as much as 144 
 hours during the school year. (Wheeling conducted 
 such classes in 1920-21.) 
 
 (c) Evening classes giving short series of lessons to groups 
 
 of workers in such subjects as: — 
 
 Automobile repair (for garage men only). 
 Industrial drawings suited to trade members of 
 class. 
 
Carpentry for carpenters. 
 
 Chemistry, etc., for nurses. 
 
 Millinery on industrial basis for women in that 
 trade. 
 
 Shop mathematics adapted to trade members of 
 class. 
 
 Applied chemistry. 
 
 Sheet metal work. 
 
 Oxyacetylene welding. 
 
 Pottery. 
 
 Blue print reading. 
 
 Sign making. 
 
 Mining. 
 
 Etc., Etc. 
 Special Note: — Persons interested should examine carefully the re- 
 quirements set out in detail for the dififerent kinds of vocational work 
 in the state plans (page 11). The state supervisors will be pleased 
 to furnish suggested courses of study and special assistance in or- 
 ganizing classes to persons making inquiry. 
 
 WHY SOME WORK IS NOT APPROVED. 
 
 Q. Why dees the Federal Government not give aid to ordinary 
 school work? 
 
 A. That question is in process of being answered by Congress in 
 considering the provisions of what is generally known as the Smith- 
 Towner bill. It must be remembered that the Smith-Hughes law was 
 deliberately drawn with very narrow limitations for the purpose of 
 giving aid to one small but neglected branch of our educational system. 
 
 Q. Is ordinary home economics work classified as vocational under 
 the Smith-Hughes law? 
 
 A. Such work is highly commended by the Federal authorities, but 
 is considered work that is taken care of in a normal way without any 
 Federal aid. 
 
 Q. What is the difference between vocational work under the 
 Smith-Hughes law and the ordinary work in such subjects as home 
 economics, manual training, agriculture and commercial subjects? 
 
 A. As these subjects are usually taught in our high schools, they 
 are classified as coming under the head of general training as opposed 
 to training for persons preparing definitely for some trade or occupa- 
 tion. By examining the plans found in this bulletin it will be seen 
 that Smith-Hughes classes must give approximately fifty per cent of 
 the time to very specific laboratory or shop practice in the occupation 
 for which the students are preparing. 
 
 Important Comment: 
 
 Persons in charge of schools should know that the Federal Govern- 
 ment is in no way opposed to what might be termed old-line education. 
 
10 
 
 Several of our school men have complained because Federal aid has 
 not been allowed for such work not remembering that the small 
 amount of Federal money given to the states is intended for what is 
 termed "vocational education." The persons in charge of the Federal 
 and state administration of the Smith-Hughes law are anxious that 
 our school program be well balanced and that no impression go abroad 
 that we have a "hobby" or that we are opposed to the general school 
 program that is essential for the general training of all young 
 Americans. 
 
 WHAT WORK HAS BEEN DONE IN THE STATE. 
 
 Q. To what extent has vocational education under the Smith- 
 Hughes law been carried out in West Virginia? 
 
 A. A complete report for the year 1919-20 may be found in the 
 printed report of the State Board of Education. It is not the purpose 
 of this bulletin to serve as a report, but the following statement will 
 give a general idea of the approved vocational work done in the year 
 1920-21: 
 
 (1) Num. high schols with regular vocational agricultural 
 
 departments 32 
 
 (2) State institutions with legular vocational agricultural 
 
 departments 5 
 
 (Keyser, Concord, Shepherd College, Collegiate 
 Institute, and class for disabled soldiers at the 
 University.) 
 
 (3) Num. of regular students enrolled in vocational depart- 
 
 ments of agriculture 776 
 
 (4) Evening school at Wheeling — 
 
 Welding — num. enrolled 19 
 
 Pottery — num. enrolled 11 
 
 Carpentry — ^num. enrolled 14 
 
 Drawing — num. enrolled 80 
 
 Sheet metal — num. enrolled 12 
 
 Shop mathematics — num. enrolled 18 
 
 Evening school at Parkersburg — 
 
 Chemistry for nurses 15 
 
 Cabinet making 20 
 
 Blue print 19 
 
 (5) Num. centers where regular evening classes for miners 
 
 are conducted v 24 
 
 (6) Num- enrolled in evening mining classes 458 
 
 (7) Part-time classes — Wheeling — 
 
 Apprentice pattern makers 9 
 
 Apprentice machinists ., 14 
 
 (8) Part-time summer school for mine foremen — • 
 
 University 68 
 
 (9) Evening home economics schools — 
 
 • At Charleston — sewing 21 
 
; 11 
 
 At Huntington — sewing 14 
 
 At Parkersburg — sewing 20 
 
 At Parkersburg — dietetics 25 
 
 At Wheeling — sewing 49 
 
 At Wheeling — cooking 89 
 
 Note:— The summary above does not include classes in teacher- 
 training at the West Virginia University and at Wheeling; and does 
 not take into account itinerant teacher-training for teachers of agri- 
 culture and evening classes for miners. 
 
 PLANS FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN WEST VIRGINIA 
 Approved by the State Board of Education, 1921-22. 
 
 Note: — These plans have been formally approved by the Federal 
 Board, and constitute a contract between the Federal Board and our 
 State Board with respect to vocational education under the Smith- 
 Hughes Law. 
 
 I. — Administration and Supervision. 
 
 1. The State Board of Education will have general direction 
 and supervision of vocational education, the "pi'esident of that 
 board acting as executive officer, and the secretary being state 
 director of vocational education. 
 
 2. Agriculiural education— The state director who is an ex- 
 perienced man with a doctor's degree in agricultural education 
 will have general charge of the work. 
 
 The assisant state director who will give special attention to 
 supervision in the field is a graduate of an agricultural college 
 with work almost completed for a master's degree. He is a man 
 of good experience in farming and in educational work. 
 
 3. Trade and Industrial Education — The state supervisor is a 
 member of the State Department of Education. He is a man with 
 training nearly equivalent to graduation from our State Uni- 
 versity. His training and interests are in the direction of educa- 
 tion in the trades. Having been a teacher of manual training, a 
 builder, a city superintendent and, for many years, a member of 
 the State Department of Education, he is fully prepared to or- 
 ganize and supervise classes and schools in trades education 
 throughout the state. 
 
 The head of the mining department of the College of Engineer- 
 ing of the West Virginia University (Prof. Callen) will continue 
 as supervisor of classes for miners. 
 
 4. Home economics — The organization referred to under 
 (III- A) will be maintained. The supervision will be done more 
 and more from the State Department of Education. After July 
 1, 1922, the supervisor's office will be at the State Capitol. 
 
 The supervisors and assistants must be graduates of standard 
 colleges with major work in home economics. They must have a 
 thorough knowledge of the problems with which they deal joined 
 by adequate experience. 
 
12 
 
 5. Teacher training — Teacher training will be maintained in 
 each of the three fields of vocational education, in accordance with 
 the plans outlined under each division. It is found best, for ad- 
 ministrative purposes, to have the teacher-training plan for each 
 subject appear in the state plan for that subject. 
 
 II. — General Conditions. 
 
 1. All of the work will be under the control and supervision of 
 the State Board of Education and will be done in or by public 
 high schools or other public institutions, under public supervision 
 and control. 
 
 2. The controlling purpose of all school work for which Smith- 
 Hughes aid is requested will be to fit for useful employment. 
 
 3. The work will be below college grade. Most of it will be 
 of high school grade, but some mature, able students, not tech- 
 nically of high school attainments, may be admitted to some 
 classes. 
 
 4. The instruction will be designed for persons over fourteen 
 years of age. This rule will be interpreted according to Memo 
 C (P15) of the Federal Board for Vocational Education. 
 
 5. Every dollar of Federal funds will be matched by a dollar 
 of State or local money, or both. Local boards and officials of 
 institutions will be required to set aside "Smith-Hughes allot- 
 ments" to be used in matching Federal funds. 
 
 6. Money will expended only for: 
 
 A. Salaries of teachers, supervisors and directors of 
 Agriculture. 
 
 B. Salaries of teachers of Trade, Home Economics and 
 Industrial Subjects. 
 
 C. Maintenance of Teacher-training for vocational teach- 
 ers, not to include buildings, permanent equipment, 
 
 . etc., prohibited under Section 17 of the Federal Act. 
 
 7. "It is to be understood that not more than 20 per cent of 
 the allotment for trade and home economics shall be expended 
 for Home Economics subjects, and that at least one-third of this 
 fund, if expended, shall be applied to part-time classes. 
 
 "It is further understod that not less than 20 per cent or more 
 than 60 per cent of fund for teacher-training will be expended for 
 teacher-training in any one of the three lines: Home Economics, 
 Trade and Industry or Agriculture. 
 
 8. State Money: 
 
 The recent session of the Legislature appropriated $3,000 for 
 each year to be used for State administration and supervision and 
 other purposes in accordance with the budget to be made by the 
 newly created State Board of Education, which went into power 
 on July 1, 1919. It is assumed that the State Board will use 
 enough of this money to provide ample State direction for the 
 experienced supervisors who will be secured in cooperation with 
 West Virginia University. 
 
13 
 
 The amount of time to be given to the different branches of 
 the work by the Professor of Industrial Education, and the salary 
 to be paid to him, cannot be given, because the position is vacant 
 as these plans are submitted. Dean C. R. Jones of the College 
 of Engineering will act until a man is appointed. 
 
 III. — Agricultural education. 
 
 (Apply for Bulletin on Vocational Agriculture for details.) 
 
 1. Kinds of Schools. 
 
 A. Department of vocational agriculture: 
 
 (a) In high schols that are prepared to give a two, 
 three or four year course in vocational agriculture. 
 
 (b) In state schools. 
 
 B. Part-time schools: These may be short courses, unit 
 courses, or evening classes. Unit courses may be established 
 only in school districts maintaining the regular two, three, or 
 four year course. 
 
 2. Plant and Equipment. 
 
 A. In departments of vocational agriculture: 
 
 (a) Separate class-rooms and laboratories in ac- 
 cordance with the lists set forth in Bulletin No. 2. 
 
 (b) A good collection of reference books and 
 bulletins. 
 
 (c) Several good farm papers and periodicals. 
 
 B. In part-time schools: — - 
 
 (a) Adequate equipment and apparatus to demon- 
 strate the application of principles and methods 
 
 studied in the course must be provided. 
 
 (b) Reference books, bulletins, and a few farm 
 papers. 
 
 3. Minimum for maintenance. 
 
 A. Each school will be required to provide a properly quali- 
 fied teacher for vocational agriculture, who shall be employed 
 for twelve calendar months. 
 
 B. The minimum of maintenance, exclusive of teachers' 
 salaries will vary with the nature of the work undertaken, but 
 for departments of vocational agricultux'e local boards of educa- 
 tion will provide a fund of not less, than five dollars ($5) per 
 pupil for supplies and materials. 
 
 4. Course of Study. 
 
 A. In departments of vocational agriculture: 
 First year: 
 
 (a) Vocational subjects — two or two and one-half 
 units. Crop production, including farm shop — 450 
 minutes per week plus directed or supervised practice 
 in agriculture — two units; crop production, 450 min- 
 utes per week, and farm shop, 180 minutes per week 
 plus directed or supervised practice in agriculture — 
 two and one-half units. 
 
14 
 
 (b) Non-vocational subjects — two units. 
 Second year: 
 
 (a) Vocational subjects — two or two and one-half 
 units. Animal husbandry — 450 minutes per week plus 
 directed or supervised practice in agriculture — two 
 units, or, animal husbandry, 450 minutes per week — 
 and farm shop, 180 minutes per week plus directed or 
 supervised practice in agriculture— two and one-half 
 units. 
 
 (b) Non-Vocational subjects — two units. 
 Third year: 
 
 (a) Vocational subjects — two units. 
 
 Special subjects (poultry, fruit growing, gardening, 
 etc.), 450 minutes per week plus directed or super- 
 vised practice in agriculture — two units. 
 
 (b) Non- vocational subjects — two units. 
 Fourth year: 
 
 (a) Vocational subjects — two units. 
 
 Farm management and engineering, 450 minutes 
 per week plus directed or supervised practice in agri- 
 culture — ^two units. 
 
 (b) Non-vocational subjects — two units. 
 B. In part-time schools. 
 
 (a) Short course, unit courses or evening classes: 
 Instruction in part-time schools will be in vocational 
 subjects only, and the course of study will be adapted 
 to local conditions. These courses will embrace such 
 subjects as farm crops, dairying, pouHiry raising, 
 stock raising, fruit growing, vegetable gardening, 
 plant diseases and insect life on the farm, soils and 
 fertilizers, diseases of farm animals, farm accounts 
 and farm bookkeeping and business forms, contracts, 
 business English and Arithmetic. 
 
 5. Methods of Instruction. 
 
 A. Field trips, laboratory exercises and demonstrations will 
 be emphasized as special methods of teaching vocational agri- 
 culture. These methods will be applied as explained in Bulletin 
 No. 2. The allied scientific work and much of the other non- 
 vocational work will be closely correlated with vocational agri- 
 culture. 
 
 B. Actual farm practice, including the home projects ade- 
 quately supervised, will be required of all students each year. 
 The home project shall involve the complete plant or animal 
 cycle which in no case will be less than six months. 
 
 C. All classes in vocational agriculture, mentioned under 1 
 above will be held for not less than 90 minutes each on any 
 one day. 
 
 6. Qualifications of Teachers. 
 
 A. All teachers in departments of vocational agriculture 
 
15 
 
 will be graduates of an approved agricultural college, or the 
 equivalent, and vi^ill have had a course of professional w^ork 
 equivalent to that outlined under teacher-training. Familiarity 
 with farm conditions and operations, and ability to do farm 
 work well, will be required of all such persons. 
 
 Except: Students enrolled in an agricultural college who 
 have attained the rank of Senior in pursuit of the course 
 leading to their full qualification as above outlined will be 
 permitted to teach for not more than one year. 
 B. All teachers in part-time schools must be qualified to 
 teach in departments of vocational agriculture as stated above 
 or have successfully managed a farm for at least two con- 
 secutive years and have had experience in agricultural teaching 
 or extension work. 
 7. Qualifications of Supervisors. 
 
 A. All persons employed to supervise the work of teachers 
 of vocational agriculture will have the qualifications required 
 of such teachers and in addition will have had at least three 
 years' successful experience in teaching or supervising voca- 
 tional agriculture. 
 IV. — Trade Home Economics and Industrial Education. 
 
 1. Tentative budget of the Federal funds available, for trade and 
 
 industrial education. 
 
 A. For evening schools or classes $ 
 
 B. For part-time schools or classes $ 
 
 C- For unit-trade schools or classes $ 
 
 D. For general industrial schools or classes in 
 cities or towns of less than 25,000... $ 
 
 E. For home economics $ 
 
 2. Trade and industrial education. 
 
 A. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1922, the State 
 Board proposes to aid from Federal funds the following types 
 of schools and classes: 
 
 a. Evening trade extension schools or classes. 
 
 b. Part-time schools or classes. 
 
 (1) Trade extension part-time schools or classes. 
 
 (2) Trade preparatory part-time schools or classes. 
 
 (3) General continuation part-time schools or classes. 
 
 c. Unit-trade or full-time day trade schools or classes, in 
 the event that cities of more than 25,000 wish to establish such 
 work. 
 
 d. General industrial schools or classes in the event that 
 cities of less than 25,000 wish to establish such work. 
 
 B. Evening Industrial Schools or Classes. 
 
 a. Purpose: The controlling purpose of such classes shall 
 be to provide instruction supplemental to the daily employment 
 for persons engaged in trades or industrial occupations in- 
 cluding mining- 
 
 b. Age cf pupils: Only persons sixteen years of age or 
 
16 
 
 over shall be admitted to evening trade extension classes. 
 
 c. Plant and equipment: The plant and equipment must in 
 all cases be suitable and adequate for the kind of instruction 
 to be given. 
 
 d. Maintenance: Adequate provision shall be made for 
 maintenance from state or local funds. Supplies, heat, light, 
 janitor service, etc., must be paid for from state or local funds 
 as Federal funds may be used only for the salaries of teachers. 
 
 e. Course of study: The courses of study shall in all cases 
 be suited to the particular needs of the class. 
 
 (1) Sample list of subjects for evening classes in coal mining: 
 
 Mine gases. Safety camps. 
 
 Mine ventilation. Timbering. 
 
 Explosives. Haulage. 
 Drainage and Pumping. 
 
 (2) Sample list of topics for evening class in pottery work ar- 
 
 ranged for ten evenings, two hours per evening: 
 Casting Throwing. 
 
 Jiggering. Turning. 
 
 Pressing. Glazing. 
 
 Kiln-firing- 
 
 f. Character of work: In all cases the instruction shall be 
 supplementary to the daily employment of the members of the 
 class. The instruction offered may be from any one of the fol- 
 lowing general classes or any combination of the three general 
 kinds. 
 
 (1) Shop instruction in trade processes. 
 
 * (2) Classroom instruction in the technical content of the 
 trade, including such material as is general termed 
 auxiliary information. 
 
 (2) Instruction in shop, classroom or laboratory in such 
 
 related subjects as general trade drawing, trade 
 mathematics and trade science. 
 
 g. Methods of Instruction: Individual instruction shall be 
 practiced so far as possible. The demonstration method shall 
 be used in preference to the lecture, and group instruction shall 
 be used in preference to class recitations. 
 
 h. Minimum Qualifications of teachers: 
 (i) Shop teachers. 
 
 (a) A thorough knowledge of the trade based upon 
 
 not less than two years' experience beyond 
 the period of apprenticeship. 
 
 (b) A common school education — -graduation from 
 
 an elementary school. 
 
 (c) Such personal characteristics as are approved 
 
 by the State Board of Education and its 
 agents. 
 
 (d) Special preparation for teaching. 
 (2) Related subjects teachers. 
 
17 
 
 (a) A high school education plus two years of col- 
 
 lege work or the equivalent. 
 
 (b) Industrial experience — not less than one year's 
 
 experience in a trade or industrial occupation. 
 
 (c) Such personal characteristics as are approved 
 
 by the State Board of Education and its 
 agents. 
 
 (d) Special preparation for teaching. 
 
 Note: — During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1922, it is not ex- 
 pected that all evening school teachers will have made special prepa- 
 ration for teaching. All such teachers will be required to enroll in 
 extension teacher-training courses under the Professor of Vocational 
 Education at the State University who will have charge of teacher- 
 training for trades and industries. A detailed plan for such extension 
 and correspondence courses will be worked out later. 
 
 C. Part-time schools or classes. 
 
 a. Trade extension part-time schools and classes. 
 
 (1) Contrclling purpose (same as for evening schools). 
 
 (2) Age of Pupils (same as for evening schools). 
 
 (3) Plant and Equipment (same as for evening schools). 
 
 (4) Maintenance (same as for evening schools). 
 , (5) Course of Study: 
 
 Sample Course — Mining (Short course): 
 W. Va. Mine Law. Explosives. 
 
 Methods of Working. Timbering 
 
 Mine Gases. Electricity in Mines. 
 
 Hoisting. Mine Drainage and 
 
 Mine Ventilation. Pumping. 
 
 Mine Fires and Explosives Haulage. 
 
 Mine Rescue Training. First Aid. 
 
 Elementary Mechanical Safety Camps. 
 
 Drawing Mine Management. 
 
 Mining Arithmetic. 
 
 (6) Methods of Instruction (same as for evening schools) 
 
 (7) Length of Term. All part-time work shall be or- 
 ganized on a basis of not less than 144 hours of instruction 
 per year. This amount of time may be secured by many 
 different arrangements as follows: 
 
 4 hours per week for 36 weeks 
 
 8 hours per week for 18 weeks 
 
 12 hours per week for 12 weeks 
 
 36 hours per week for 6 weeks 
 
 (8) Qualification of Teachers (same as for evening 
 schools). 
 
 b. Trade Preparatory Part-time Schools or classes. 
 
 (1) Controlling Purpose. The controlling purpose of 
 trade praparatory part-time schools or classes shall be to 
 
18 
 
 provide instruction suited to the specific vocational needs 
 of pupils employed in miscellaneous occupations for the 
 purpose of fitting such pupils for advantageous entrance 
 into skilled trades or other desirable industrial occupations. 
 
 (2) Age of Pupils, Persons fourteen 'years of age or 
 over may be admitted to part-time preparatory classes. 
 (3) Plant and Equipment. (Same as for evening schools.) 
 
 (4) Maintenance. (Same as for evening schools.) 
 (5) Course of Study. The state has no classes of this 
 type, consequently no course of study can be given. 
 
 (6) Methods of Instruction, (Same as for evening 
 schools.) 
 
 (7) Length of term. (Same as for Trade Extension 
 part-time.) 
 
 (8) Qualification of teachers. (Same as for evening 
 schools.) 
 
 General Continuation part-time schools or classes. 
 
 (1) Controlling Purpose, The controlling purpose of 
 general continuation schools or classes shall be to provide 
 additional educational opportunities for children fourteen 
 years of age or over w^ho have left school and have entered 
 upon employment. Pre-vocational or "finding" courses, 
 training for better citizenship and courses vi^hose objective 
 is concerned v^^ith more general education may be offered 
 in this type of school or class. 
 
 (2) Age of Pupils, Persons fourteen years of age or 
 over may be admitted to part-time general continuation 
 schools or classs. In general, this type of school should 
 concern itself with pupils from 14 to 18 years of age who 
 have left the regular schools before completing a high 
 school course. 
 
 (3) Plant and Equipment. (Same as for evening schools) 
 
 (4) Maintenance. (Same as for evening schools.) 
 
 (5) Course of Study, The State Board is not prepared 
 at this time to submit type courses of study as no schools 
 or classes of this type have yet been organized in the state. 
 
 (6) Methods of Instruction. (Same as for evening 
 schools.) 
 
 (7) Length of Term. Part-time general continuation 
 schools will be organized on the basis of 144 hours of 
 instruction per year. This amount of time will ordinarily 
 be secured by holding classes four hours per week for a 
 period of 36 weeks. 
 
 (8) Qualification of teachers. Teachers for general con- 
 tinuation schools shall have the equivalent of the general 
 qualifications required for teachers in the junior high 
 schools of the state and in addition the following special 
 qualifications: 
 
 (a) Adequate understanding and appreciation of work- 
 
19 
 
 ing conditions in industry. This may have been secured 
 through actual employment during summer vacations 
 or othervi^ise. 
 
 (b) Special training in vocational education. 
 
 Note: — The department of vocational education at the State Uni- 
 versity M^ill, during the current year, organize definite courses for 
 part-time teachers and administratives. 
 
 D. Unit trade schools. 
 
 a. Ccntrolling purpose. The controlling purpose shall be to 
 prepare pupils for profitable entrance into one or more of the 
 skilled trades. 
 
 b. Age of Pupils. In general, the enrollment shall be 
 limited to pupils who have completed the elementary school 
 course. Under special circumstances pupils who have not com- 
 pleted the elementary school course may be admitted, provided 
 that such pupils are 14 years of age or over. Federal funds 
 cannot be used for training sub-normal or defective children 
 and the State Board will refuse to subsidize any unit trade 
 school that fails to limit its enrollment to normal, healthy 
 pupils over fourteen years of age who are definitely preparing 
 themselves for profitable employment in skilled mechanical 
 trades. 
 
 c. Minimum Plant and Equipment. The plant and equip- 
 ment must in ail respects be adequate for the type of training 
 contemplated. Commercially practical machinery and tools must 
 be available so that actual work may be done under conditions 
 similar to those prevailing in commercial shops. 
 
 d. Minimum for Maintenance. Adequate provision must be 
 made for maintenance from local funds. Experience in other 
 states shows that the cost of this type of school will average 
 from $150 to $300 per pupil per year. State and Federal funds 
 may be used only for the reimbursement for teachers' salaries. 
 All expenses for buildings, power, heat, light, janitor service 
 and supplies must be paid from local funds. 
 
 e. Courses of Study. No schools of this type have thus far 
 been organized in the state. In the event that any are or- 
 ganized during the current year, the following apportionment 
 of time will be used as a basis in outlining the courses of study: 
 
 Shop work 15 clock hours per week 
 
 Trade Mathematics 3 clock hours per week 
 
 Trade Drawing 3 clock hours per week 
 
 Trade Science 3 clock hours per week 
 
 Non-vocational 6 clock l\ours per week 
 
 (English 
 
 (Civics 
 
 (Indus. History . 
 
 Total 30 clock hours per week 
 
20 
 
 f. Methods of Instruction. In general the same as stated 
 for evening schools. 
 
 g. Amount of time for Practical Work. Fifteen hours per 
 week is the minimum time that may be devoted to instruction 
 and practice on actual productive work on a useful basis. 
 
 h. Length of School Year. The minimum length of school 
 year shall be nine months (3.. weeks). 
 
 i. Hours of Instruction per week. The school shall be in 
 session not less than thirty (30) hours per week. 
 
 j. Qualification of Teachers. 
 
 (1) For shop teachers. (Same as for evening school 
 shop teachers.) 
 
 (2) For Related Subjects Teachers. (Same as for eve- 
 ning school related subjects teachers.) 
 
 (3) For Non- vocational teachers. (Same as for teach- 
 ers of general continuation schools or classes.) 
 
 E. General Industrial Schools for cities under 25,000. 
 
 a. Controlling Purpose. Same as for unit trade schools. 
 
 b. Age of admission. Same as for unit trade schools. 
 
 c. Plant and Equipment. Same as for unit trade schools. 
 
 d. Maintenance. Same as for unit trade schools. 
 
 e. Courses of Study. The statement under this heading for 
 unit trade schools applies in general to the general industrial 
 school with the following modifications: 
 
 The school may be organized on the basis of a 25-hour 
 week as a minimum instead of a 30-hour week with 12% 
 hours devoted to shop work. The relative allotment of time 
 for related subjects shall be observed. 
 
 f. Methods of Instruction. Same as for evening schools. 
 
 g. Amount of time for Practical Work. Twelve and one- 
 half hours per week is the minimum time that may be devoted 
 to instruction and practice on actual production work on a 
 useful basis. 
 
 h. Length of School Year. The school year shall in general 
 not be less than the length of the regular school year in the 
 community where a school of this type is organized. Under 
 special conditions, a general industrial school may be approved 
 if the school year for such a school is eight or even seven 
 months in length, but in all such special cases the local com- 
 munity must satisfy the State Board that a term of less than 
 nine months is advisable under local conditions. 
 
 i. Hours of Instruction per week. Twenty-five hours of in- 
 struction per week is the minimum for general industrial 
 schools. 
 
 j. Qualification of Teachers. 
 
 (1) Shop teachers. Same as for evening schools with 
 the following exceptions: 
 
 Shop teachers may be permitted to teach two related 
 
21 
 
 trades, if qualified; as, for example, carpentry and 
 cement work; carpentry and house painting; carpentry 
 and cabinet making; machine shop and foundry or pat- 
 tern making; sheet metal work and plumbing, etc. Also 
 if qualified a shop teacher may teach related subjects. 
 
 (2) Related subjects teachers. Same ' as for evening 
 schools. 
 
 (3) Non- vocational teachers. Same as for general con- 
 tinuation schools. 
 
 V. — Home Economics. 
 
 A. Supervision. 
 
 1. A member of the faculty of the College of Agriculture, 
 State University, Morgantown, West Virginia, has been loaned 
 on part time to supervise Home Economics Education in the 
 State of West Virginia for the year 1921-22. 
 
 2. Beginning with 1921-22 there will be an assistant super- 
 visor, who will be employed by the State Board to give such 
 part of her time to supervision as needed, but in no case shall 
 it be less than 50 per cent of full time. 
 
 3. In the work of supervision the supervisor and her as- 
 sistant will act as agents of the State Board of Vocational 
 Education. 
 
 b. Qualifications of Supervisors. 
 
 1. Practical experience in home keeping of several years 
 duration. 
 
 2. Masters' degree and more graduate work if possible. 
 
 3. Three to five years teaching experience. 
 
 4. The assistant should have a master's degree, two or three 
 years' teaching experience and some practical experience in 
 home keeping. 
 
 c. Duties of supervisors. 
 
 1. To confer and correspond with teachers, school officials 
 and Boards of Education in regard to establishing schools and 
 classes. ' 
 
 2. Assist in establishing schools and classes. 
 
 3. Study the conditions in the State with a view to recom- 
 mending the establishment of schools and classes. 
 
 4. Address committees, clubs and conventions of teachers. 
 
 5. Write articles for magazines, journals and newspapers. 
 
 6. Prepare bulletins and course of study. 
 
 7. Plan in cooperation with Teacher Training Institution 
 conferences, itinerant teacher training, and other means for 
 improving teachers, in service. 
 
 8. To promote the establishment of Home Economics schools 
 and classes. 
 
 9. To inspect schools and classes. 
 
 10. Prepare reports for the State Board. 
 
 B. Kinds of Schools and Classes. 
 
22 
 
 a. Evening home economics schools and classes. 
 
 b. Part-time home economics schools and classes. 
 
 c. Day schools or classes. 
 
 C. Evening Home Economics Schools or Classes. 
 
 a. Minimum age requirement, 16 years. 
 
 b. Minimum plant school kitchen and sewing room, fully 
 equipped. 
 
 c. Minimum maintenance, local board must agree to furnish 
 adequate supplies sufficient to maintain right standards, pro- 
 mote the work and to secure properly qualified teachers in full 
 sympathy with the plan and purpose of evening instruction. 
 
 d. Character and content of course of study. Short unit 
 courses. 
 
 e. Character of school work. This will be supplementary 
 to the home-making work of the students. 
 
 f. Methods of Instruction. This will be adapted to the age, 
 experience and needs of the members of the classes. 
 
 g. Qualifications of teachers. 
 
 1. Practical experience. At least two years' experience in 
 home making with a reasonable amount of time in actual 
 management of a household or trade experience in the short 
 unit work to be given, or both. 
 
 2. Home economics training, if possible. From two to four 
 years of technical training in a professional school. A large 
 amount of practical experience in home making or in the trade 
 as embodied in the short unit course to be taught, may be ac- 
 cepted in lieu of some of the technical requirements. 
 
 3. Professional training sufficient to properly develop the 
 work with the groups of students to be instructed. (The Board 
 may find it necessary to modify these requirements if local 
 conditions demand.) 
 
 D. Part-time Home Economics Departments, schools and classes, 
 
 if organized for the year 1921-22 will meet the following 
 requirements: 
 
 a. Minimum age, 14 years. 
 
 b. Required or minimum plant and equipment will approxi- 
 mate that of the day school or evening school according to the 
 groups to be instructed. 
 
 c. Minimum for maintenance sufficient to maintain proper 
 standards and employ qualified teachers in full sympathy v/ith 
 part-time instruction. 
 
 d. Character and content of course of study. The course of 
 study will be of two types. 
 
 1. Trade extension classes in which 50 per cent or more, but 
 not all the time, is given to Home Economics subjects and the 
 remainder to such other subjects as will promote civic and 
 vocational intelligence of the pupils. 
 
 2. Part-time extension classes in which all the time is given 
 to Home Economics subject. Here the work will be set up in 
 
23 
 
 b. 
 1. 
 2. 
 3. 
 
 short-unit courses arranged in sequence. (Type courses of 
 study will be submitted if part-time classes are offered in 
 1921-22.) 
 
 e. Methods of instruction adapted to age, experience and 
 needs of students. 
 
 f. Length of term. The term shall consist of not less than 
 144 hours of work. This may be given 4 hours a week for 36 
 weeks. 
 
 g. Qualifications of teachers. These shall approximate the 
 qualifications fixed for all day or for evening school teachers 
 according to the groups of students in the classes. 
 
 E. Day Schools and Classes. 
 
 a. Minimum age of admission, 14 years. 
 
 Required or minimum plant and equipment. 
 School kitchen for work in foods, cookery and laundry. 
 A school sewing room for work in clothing and sewing. 
 A room in which to teach table service. If a separate 
 room cannot be provided for this, part of the kitchen or sewing 
 rooms may be utilized for this purpose. 
 
 4. A bedroom. Here home nursing can be taught. 
 
 c. Minimum for maintenance. Sufficient to keep up proper 
 standards and employ well qualified teachers. 
 
 d. Character and content of the course of study. The course 
 of study may be: 
 
 1. One of which half of the school day is given entirely to 
 Home Economics subjects, or 
 
 2. Cne of which half of each school day is given to Home 
 Economics subjects and related subjects. 
 
 F. Qourse of Study. 
 
 a. Type I. The following is a course of study for the year 
 1921-22 in West Virginia, for a five-hour school day. The six- 
 hour school day would require one hundred and eighty minutes 
 instead of one hundred and fifty minutes for the vocational 
 subject. 
 
 Subject 
 
 I. — Vocational. 
 
 a. Home Economics. 
 
 Garment making and 
 study of textiles. 
 
 b. Related subject 
 
 Drawing and design 
 applied to the dress 
 11. — Non- Vocational. 
 
 English 
 
 FIRST YEAR 
 First Semester 
 
 Period 
 
 per 
 week 
 
 Length 
 
 of 
 periods 
 
 150 min. 
 
 Credit 
 
 1 unit 
 
 45 min. Yz unit 
 
24 
 
 Elective (such sub- 
 jects as will fur- 
 nish knowledge of 
 civic and social 
 conditions essential 
 to an understanding 
 of the community 
 obligations of the 
 home - maker and 
 family) 5 45 min. V2 unit 
 
 Secon-d Semester. 
 I. — Vocational, 
 
 a. Home Economics 
 
 Food study, cookery 
 and home manage- 
 ment. 
 
 b. Related subject 
 
 Health and the home 5 150 min. 1 unit 
 
 II. — N on- Vocational. 
 
 English 5 45 min. V2 unit 
 
 Elective (such sub- 
 jects as will fur- 
 nish knowledge of 
 civic and social 
 conditions essential 
 to an understanding 
 of the community 
 obligations of the 
 home - maker and 
 family) 5 45 min. V2 unit 
 
 SECOND YEAR 
 First and Second Semester 
 
 This is the same as Second Year in Type II. 
 b. Type II. The following is a course of study for the year 
 1921-22 in West Virginia, for a five-hour school day. The six- 
 hour school day would require one hundred and twenty minutes 
 instead of ninety minutes for the vocational subject. 
 
 FIRST YEAR 
 First Semester 
 
 Subject Period Length Credit 
 
 per of 
 
 week periods 
 
 I. — Vocational. 
 
 a. Home Economics 
 
 Garment making and 
 
 study of textiles.... 5 90 min. V2 unit 
 
25 
 
 b. Related subject* 
 
 Drawing and design 
 
 dress 
 
 II. — Non-Vocational. 
 
 English 
 
 Elective (such sub- 
 jects as will fur- 
 nish knowledge of 
 civic and social 
 conditions essential 
 to an understanding 
 of the community 
 obligations of the 
 home - maker and 
 family) 
 
 60 min. 
 45 min. 
 
 V2 unit 
 1/^ unit 
 
 45 min. 'V2 unit 
 
 Second Semester 
 I. — Vocational. 
 
 a. Home Economics 
 
 Food study, cookery 
 and home manage- 
 ment. 
 
 b. Related subject* 
 
 Health and the home 5 
 
 II. — Non-Vocational. 
 
 English 5 
 
 Elective (such sub- 
 jects as will fur- 
 nish knowledge of 
 civic and social 
 conditions essential 
 to an understanding 
 of the community 
 obligations- of the 
 home - maker and 
 family) 5 
 
 60 min. 
 45 min. 
 
 V2 unit 
 V2 unit 
 
 45 min. V2 unit 
 
 SECOND YEAR 
 First Semester 
 I. — Vocational. 
 
 a. Home Economics 
 
 Food study, cookery 
 and home manage- 
 ment 5 
 
 b. Related subject* 
 
 Chemistry & physics 
 related to the 
 household 5 
 
 90 min. V2 unit 
 
 60 min. V2 unit 
 
26 
 
 11. — N on- Vocational. 
 
 English 
 
 Elective (such sub- 
 jects as will fur- 
 nish knowledge of 
 conditions essential 
 to an understanding 
 of the community 
 obligations of the 
 home - maker and 
 family) 
 
 45 min. V2 unit 
 
 45 min. V2 unit 
 
 90 min. y2 unit 
 
 60 min. V2 unit 
 
 45 min. % unit 
 
 SECOND YEAR 
 Second Semester 
 I. — ^.Vocational. 
 
 a. Home Economics 
 
 Garment making and 
 of textiles 5 
 
 b. Related subject* 
 
 Drawing and design 
 applied to the home 5 
 IL — N on- Vocational. 
 
 English 5 
 
 Elective (such sub- 
 jects as will fur- 
 nish knowledge of 
 civic and social 
 conditions essential 
 to an understanding 
 of the community 
 obligations of the 
 home - maker and 
 
 family) 5 
 
 *The related subject may be given as three 45-minute periods 
 and two 90-minute periods if this is more satisfactory to the 
 school curriculum. Home Agriculture may be substituted for 
 Chemistry to meet needs of students. 
 
 c. Methods of Instruction. There will be actual manipula- 
 tion of material studied under as near home conditions as pos- 
 sible, including talks, demonstrations, class discussion and class 
 room practice, with definite applications planned for home 
 work, for the development of skill, self-dependence and 
 initiative. 
 
 d. Amount of time given to practical work on a useful or 
 productive basis. One-half of each day must be devoted to 
 practical work on a useful or productive basis. This practical 
 work may be interpreted as home economics or as home 
 
 economics and related subjects. 
 
 e. Length of the school year. 
 
 45 min. V2 unit 
 
27 
 
 1. In cities and towns of 25,000 population or more, the 
 school year must be nine months in length. 
 
 2. In cities or towns of less than 25,000 population, the 
 school year may be less than nine months in length. 
 
 f. Hours of instruction per week. 
 
 1. In cities and towns of 25,000 population or more, school 
 work must be 30 hours per week. 
 
 2. In cities and towns of less than 25,000 population, the 
 school week may not be less than 25 hours. 
 
 g. Qualifications of teachers. 
 
 1. Practical experience of at least two years in home-mak- 
 ing with a reasonable period spent in actual management of the 
 household. 
 
 2. Home economics training. Graduation from a four years 
 standard college course in Home Economics designed to train 
 for the teaching of Home Economics subjects. 
 
 3. Professional training in general methods and in theory 
 and pi'actices of teaching home economics. 
 
 VI. — Teacher-training. 
 
 1. Proposed percentage use of funds — 
 
 A. Agricultural subjects 35% 
 
 B. Trade and industrial subjects 40% 
 
 C. Home Economic subjects 25% 
 
 2. Agriculture. 
 
 Two definite types of teacher-training are maintained. 
 
 1. For the improvement of teachers already in service and 
 
 2. For training prospective teachers now enrolled as 
 students in the College of Agriculture. 
 
 A. Kind of schools and classes. 
 
 a. All teacher-training work will be conducted by the De- 
 partment of Agricultural Education of the College of Agri- 
 culture, West Virginia University, at Morgantown, W. Va., 
 through : 
 
 1. A regular course of study pursued by resident students. 
 
 2. Special courses in Summer School. Students enrolled in 
 the regular teacher-training course may thus complete a part 
 of the work in the summer session. Teachers on vacation or 
 leave of absence may thus procure professional improvement 
 in a short term. 
 
 3. Extension courses for teachers already in service. 
 Courses will be offered in both subject matter and professional 
 studies designed especially for teachers desiring to attain the 
 qualifications set up by the State Board of Education. 
 
 B. Length of Course. 
 
 a. The regular course for teacher-training covers four years. 
 
 b. 144 semester hours are required for graduation. 
 
 C. Entrance Requirements. 
 
 Fifteen units from a duly accredited secondary school will be 
 
28 ■ ^ 
 
 required for admission to the teacher-training course. 
 D. Courses of study. 
 
 OUTLINE OF TEACHER-TRAINING COURSE. 
 
 The following one hundred and eight hours of the required one 
 hundred and forty-four semester hours necessary for graduation are 
 prescribed for students who elect their major in agricultural educa- 
 tion. The remaining 36 hours must be elected from such courses as 
 may be prescribed by the class officer. As a rule the courses are 
 distributed as follows: 
 
 Agriculture 40 per cent 
 
 Sciences 30 per cent 
 
 Humanistic 20 per cent 
 
 Professional .:. , 10 per cent 
 
 (a) Agriculture. 
 
 Introduction to agriculture 1 hour 
 
 Introduction to Animal Husbandry 4 hours 
 
 Farm Dairying 3 hours 
 
 Farm Poultry 3 hours 
 
 Soil Fertility 4 hours 
 
 Farm Crops 4 hours 
 
 Vegetable Gardening 3 hours 
 
 Pomology 3 hours 
 
 Entomology 4 hours 
 
 Farm Management 3 hours 
 
 Eui'al Economics 3 hours 
 
 Rural Engineering 4 hours 
 
 %■ 
 
 39 hours 
 
 (b) Science. 
 
 Botany (agricultural) 8 hours 
 
 Bacteriology 3 hours 
 
 Chemistry (organic) 3 hours 
 
 Chemistry (inorganic) 8 hours 
 
 Physics 8 hours 
 
 Zoology 4 hours 
 
 34 hours 
 
 (c) Humanistic. 
 
 English 10 hours 
 
 Economics ■- 3 hours 
 
 Sociology 3 hours 
 
 American Economic History 3 hours 
 
 Military Science 4 hours 
 
 23 hours 
 
 (d) Professional. 
 
 Educational Psychology 3 hours 
 
29 
 
 Problems of Secondary Education 2 hours 
 
 Teaching Vocational Agriculture 
 
 (organization and methods) 3 hours 
 
 Observation and Practice Teaching 2 hours 
 
 Problems of Rural Education 2 hours 
 
 12 hours 
 
 (e) Provisions for observation and practice teaching by a co- 
 
 operative arrangement w^ith local boards of education, the 
 vocational agriculture departments in these high schools will 
 be used for observation and practice teaching. 
 
 (f) Before graduation a student must offer satisfactory evidence 
 
 of at least tvi^o years of active experience on the farm or, in 
 lieu of such experience, prove through tests and demonstra- 
 tions that he is familiar with all ordinary farm operations. 
 
 (g) The completion of the four-year course outlined herein will 
 
 satisfy the state requirement for a Special Certificate to 
 teach agriculture. The special professional work offered in 
 the University Summer School and in the extension courses 
 will enable graduates of the College of Agriculture to com- 
 plete the required special work and to secure this Special 
 Certificate without examination. 
 
 SUPERVISION 
 
 The Supervisors of Vocational Agriculture will visit from time to 
 time the departments in the schools throughout the state. The pur- 
 pose of these visits may be stated briefly as follows: 
 
 To acquaint the school officials and the teacher of agriculture with 
 the purpose of the vocational education act and with the West Vir- 
 ginia Plan for vocational agriculture education. 
 
 To inspect the school plant, especially with reference to equipment 
 and general facilities for the maintenance of a vocational course. 
 
 To assist the teacher in organizing the vocational course and its 
 adaptation to local conditions. 
 
 To observe methods of instruction, offer helpful suggestions, and 
 keep in close touch with the work of each department and class. 
 
 To instruct the teacher in methods of conducting practical work 
 and keeping project records. 
 
 3. Trades and Industries. 
 
 A. Kinds of schools and classes. Teacher training for trades 
 and industries will be under the general direction of a Professor 
 of Vocational Education at the State University, Morgantown. 
 
 B. Work to be done by Institutions for the training of — 
 
 a. Shop teachers — No residence course contemplated for the 
 current year. 
 
30 
 
 b. Related Subjects Teachers — No residence courses contem- 
 plated for the current year. 
 
 c. General Continuation School Teachers — No residence courses 
 contemplated for the current year. 
 
 Note: — If a group of students interested in the teaching of trades 
 can be organized at the State University, they will be given a foun- 
 dation course in vocational education and in trades or related subjects. 
 
 d. Training of teachers in service. 
 
 (1) The training of teachers in service v^ill be carried on 
 through a combination of extension courses and correspondence 
 courses. Groups will be organized at points where there are four 
 or more teachers employed in trade or industrial schools, or by 
 extended and regular visits to individual teachers for conference 
 and for examination on work being done by correspondence study. 
 4. Home Economics. 
 
 A. West Virginia University, College of Agriculture, Depart- 
 ment of Home Economics, Morgantown. 
 
 Two definite types of teacher-training work are carried on by 
 the Department of Home Economics of the College of Agriculture 
 for training teachers of Vocational Home Economics. 
 
 a. Training students for teachers of Vocational Education in 
 Home Economics, who are enrolled in the College of Agriculture. 
 
 b. Training of Home Economics teachers in service in co-oper- 
 ation with State Supervisor of Home Economics. 
 
 B. Entrance requirements, 15 units from an accredited sec- 
 ondary school. 
 
 C. Length of course. 
 
 a. Four years. 
 
 b. 128 semester hours. 
 
 D. Course of Study. 
 
 a. By percentage and in detail below. 
 
 E. Observation and Practice Teaching- 
 
 a. Provisions — Morgantown public schools and such other 
 schools as afford opportunity for observation and directed teaching 
 under supervision. 
 
 b. At least twenty lessons in cooperation with Department of 
 Education of the Arts College. 
 
 F. Graduation requirements. 
 
 a. Completion of course of study. * 
 
 b. At least two years' vocational experience, either required 
 before entrance to the teacher-training course or during the sum- 
 mer months of the year in which the teacher-training course is 
 taken. 
 
 c. At least one week of supervised household management in 
 practice house or apartment. 
 
 G. Relation to certification. Students completing the required 
 
31 
 
 course will receive the special certificate in Vocational Education 
 in Home Economics. 
 
 H. Course of study by percentages. 
 
 Home Economics — 31 Per Cent, 
 
 Clothing 10 hours 
 
 Textiles 3 hours 
 
 House and Family 9 hours 
 
 Foods 18 hours 
 
 Total 40 hours 
 
 Related Subjects— 22 Per Cent 
 
 Chemistry H hours 
 
 Botany and Bacteriology 11 hours 
 
 Hygiene and Sanitation 2 hours 
 
 Applied design 4 hours 
 
 Total 28 hours 
 
 Professional Subjects — 20 Per Cent. 
 
 Psychology of learning and teaching 6 hours 
 
 Principles and art of teaching 5 hours 
 
 Philosophy and History of Education 6 hours 
 
 Special methods 4 hours 
 
 Elective 3 hours 
 
 Total 24 hours 
 
 General Subjects — 16 Per Cent. 
 
 English 10 hours 
 
 Sociology 5 hours 
 
 Industrial and Social History 6 hours 
 
 Total : 21 hours 
 
 Elective Subjects — 11 Per Cent. 
 Elective .'. 14 hours 
 
32 
 
 I, — Course of Study in Detail^College of Agriculture. 
 Freshmen Year. 
 
 First Semester. 
 
 Subject — Credit 
 
 English composition 3 
 
 Elementary foods 4 or 3 
 
 History 3 
 
 Elementary sewing 2 
 
 General chemistry 4 
 
 15 or 16 
 
 Second Semester. 
 
 Subject — Credit 
 
 English composition 3 
 
 Elementary foods 3 or -^ 
 
 History 3 
 
 Elementary clothing 2 
 
 General chemistry 4 
 
 15 or 16 
 
 Sophomore Year. 
 
 First Semester. 
 
 Botany 4 
 
 English literature 2 
 
 Applied design 4 
 
 Psychology of teaching 
 
 and learning 3 
 
 Elective 3 to 
 
 Second Semester. 
 
 Botany 4 
 
 English literature 2 
 
 Home furnishings 4 
 
 Psychology of teach- 
 ing and learning 3 
 
 Elective 4 
 
 16 or 17 
 
 17 
 
 Junior Year. 
 
 First Semester. 
 
 Hygiene and sanitation.... 2 
 Elementary organic 
 
 chemistry 3 
 
 Elementary dietetics 2 
 
 Home cookery 3 
 
 Textiles 3 
 
 Philosophy or history of 
 
 education 3 
 
 16 
 
 Second Semester. 
 
 Constructive Health .... 2 
 
 Bacteriology 3 
 
 Dietetics 3 
 
 Family dietaries 2 
 
 Selection and construc- 
 tion of clothing 3 
 
 Elective 1 
 
 14 
 
 Senior Year. 
 
 First Semester. 
 
 Housewifery 2 
 
 Selection and construction 
 
 of clothing 3 
 
 Special methods of teach- 
 ing home economics 2 
 
 Principles and art of 
 
 teaching 3 
 
 Sociology 3 
 
 Elective 3 
 
 Second Semester. 
 
 Home management 2 
 
 Special methods in 
 
 home economics 2 
 
 Directed teaching in 
 
 education 2 
 
 Sociology 2 
 
 Elective 7 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
33 
 
 COURSE OF STUDY FOR PREPARATION IN HOME ECONOMICS 
 FOR THE NEGRO RACE IN WEST VIRGINIA. 
 
 A. Kind of School 
 
 The State Board for Vocational Education has designated Insti- 
 tute at Institute, West Virginia, for the preparation of Home 
 Economics teachers for the Negro race. 
 
 B. Entrance Requirements: 
 
 Persons entering this special course must have completed four 
 years of high school work. 
 
 (Students from a three-year high school will be accepted for 
 the year 1921-22.) 
 
 C. Length of Course: 
 
 (a) Teacher-training course shall extend over two years. 
 
 (b) It shall be composed of at least thirty-two unit hours or 
 sixty-four semester hours. 
 
 D. The Course of Study Shall Be Divided as Follows: 
 General Education — 18 hours. 
 
 English — 4 hours — 4 semesters — 16 hours. 
 Music — 1 hour — 2 semesters — 2 hours. 
 Science (related) — -16 hours. 
 
 General Agriculture (Poultry, gardening, dairying) — 3 hours— 
 
 2 semesters — 6 hours. 
 Hygiene, sanitation and home nursing, 
 
 4 hours — 1 semester — 4 hours. 
 Household chemistry, 
 
 2 hours — 2 semesters — 4 hours. 
 Drawing and design applied to the household, 
 
 2 hours — 1 semester — 2 hours. 
 Home Economics — 30 hours. 
 
 Food study and meal planning, 
 
 4 houi's — 2 semesters — 8 hours- 
 Clothing, laundry, care and repair of clothing, textiles, 
 
 4 hours — 2 semesters — 8 hours. 
 Home Management. 
 
 Furnishing and care of home, time schedule in house work, 
 budget planning, care of children, managerial problems. 
 
 3 hours — 2 semesters — 6 hours. 
 Elective — 2-6 hours. 
 
 Pi'ofessional Subjects — 10 hours. 
 
 History of education, psychology and child study, educational 
 psychology. 
 
 6 hours. 6 hours. 
 
 Special method, 
 
 2 hours — 2 semesters — 4 hours. 
 Total — 74 hours. 
 
 Note: — If it is not desirable or possible to arrange the schedule for 
 the 74 hours as shown in the proposed schedule deductions may be 
 made according to the limits set for the percentage division. 
 
34 
 
 E. Provision for Observation and Practice Teaching, Giving Teacher- 
 
 Training. 
 
 (a) Provisions for observation and practice teaching are made 
 in the secondary school of Institute and neighboring grade schools. 
 
 (b) Amount of time per pupil at least fifteen lessons of double 
 periods. 
 
 F. Graduation Requirements: 
 
 (a) Completion of the course of study, including one month of 
 supervised household management in practice house. 
 
 (b) At least two years of home-making experience acquired 
 prior to entrance or home-making experience acquired during the 
 summer months of the years in which the course is taken- 
 
 G. Certification. 
 
 Graduation of said department upon recommendation of the 
 State Board of Vocational Education will be granted a special 
 certificate to teach home economics. 
 
 WEST VIRGINIA LAW FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. 
 
 Sec. 131. Acceptance of Federal Act. The provisions of an act of 
 Congress entitled "An act to provide for the promotion of vocational 
 education to provide for co-operation with the states in the promotion 
 of such education in agriculture and the trades and industries; to 
 provide for co-operation with the states in the preparation of teachers 
 of vocational subjects; and to appropriate money and regulate its 
 expenditures," are hereby accepted by the State of West Virginia 
 as to: 
 
 (a) Appropriations for the salaries of teachers, supervisors or di- 
 rectors of agricultural subjects. 
 
 (b) Appropriations for salaries of teachers of vocational and in- 
 dustrial subjects. 
 
 (c) Appropriations for the training of teachers of vocational 
 subjects. 
 
 Sec. 132. Custodian of Funds. The state treasurer is hereby 
 designated as the custodian of funds to be paid into the treasury of 
 this stale for vocational education and shall receive money paid to the 
 state from the United States treasury under the provisions of said act 
 of Congress and shall pay the same upon the warrant of the auditor 
 of state when the same is certified by the state board of control. 
 
 Sec. 133. State Beard. The state board of education is hereby 
 designated as the state board to carry out the provisions of said act 
 so far as the same relates to the co-operation of the states and the 
 federal government and shall have full power to do all things neces- 
 sary in the formulation or execution of plans for the promotion of 
 education in agriculture, in trades and industries and to formulate and 
 execute plans for the preparation of teachers of vocational subjects- 
 Section 133-a. The state of West Virginia does hereby, through its 
 legislative authority, accept the provisions and benefits of the act of 
 Congress, entitled, "An act to provide for the promotion of vocational 
 
35 
 
 rehabilitation of persons disabled in industry or otherwise, and their 
 return to civil employment," approved June second, one thousand nine 
 hundred and twenty, and will observe and comply with all requirements 
 of such act. 
 
 Sec. 133-b. The state treasurer is hereby designated and appointed 
 custodian of all moneys received by the state from appropriations 
 made by the Congress of the United States for vocational rehabilita- 
 tion of persons disabled in industry or otherwise, and is authorized to 
 receive and provide for the proper custody of the same and to make 
 disbursements therefrom' upon the order of the state board of educa- 
 tion approved by the state board of control. 
 
 Sec. 133-c. The state board of education is hereby designated as a 
 state board for the purpose of co-operating with the said federal board 
 in carrying out the provisions and purposes of said federal act provid- 
 ing for the vocational rehabilitation of persons disabled in industry 
 or otherwise and is empowered and directed to co-operate with said 
 federal board in the administration of said act of Congress; to pre- 
 scribe and provide such courses of vocational training as may be neces- 
 sary for the vocational rehabilitation of persons disabled in industry 
 or otherwise, and to provide for the supervision of such training; to 
 appoint such assistants as may be necessary to administer this act 
 and said act of Congress in this state; to fix the compensation of such 
 assistants and to direct the disbursement and administer the use of all 
 funds provided by the federal government or this state for vocational 
 rehabilitation of such persons. 
 
 Sec. 133-d. It shall be the duty of the state board of education and 
 the state compensation commissioner to formulate a plan of co-opera- 
 tion in accordance with the provisions of this act and said act of 
 Congress, such plan to become effective when approved by the gov- 
 ernor of the state. 
 
 Sec. 133-e. The state board of education is hereby authorized and 
 empowered to receive such gifts and donations, either from public or 
 private sources, as may be offered unconditionally or under such con- 
 ditions related to the vocational rehabilitation of persons disabled in 
 industry or otherwise as in the judgment of the state board are proper 
 and consistent with the provisions of this act. All the moneys received 
 as gifts or donations shall be deposited in the state treasury and shall 
 constitute a permanent fund to be called the special fund for the voca- 
 tional rehabilitation of disabled persons, to be used by the said board 
 to defray the expenses of vocational rehabilitation in special cases, 
 including the payment of necessary expenses of persons undergoing 
 training. A full report of all gifts and donations offered and ac- 
 cepted, together with the names of the donors and the respective 
 amounts contributed by each and all disbursements therefrom shall 
 be submitted annually to the governor of the state by the said state 
 board of education. 
 
 Sec. 133-f. There shall be appropriated a sum of money available 
 for each fiscal year not less than a maximum sum which may be 
 allotted to the state for the purposes set forth in said federal act- 
 
36 
 
 THE WEST VIRGINIA PART-TIME COMPULSORY LAW 
 (Passed 1921.) 
 
 Sec. 128. Unemployed Children over Fourteen and Under Sixteen 
 Shall Attend School. Every child over fourteen and under sixteen 
 years of age who is not engaged in some regular employment or busi- 
 ness for at least six hours per day or who has not received written 
 permission from the superintendent of schools of the city or county in 
 which he resides, to engage in profitable employment at home, shall 
 attend a public school day or other school day approved by the board 
 of education of his school district or independent school district during 
 the entire time the public schools are in session, subject to such ex- 
 emptions as are provided for in section one hundred twenty-five* of 
 this act, except that no child over fourteen and under sixteen years 
 of age shall be exempt from school attendance as herein required for 
 the reason that he has completed an eight-years' course of study in 
 the elementary and grammar schools or junior high schools of the 
 state, if a high school or other school of advanced grades is provided 
 within two miles of his home. 
 
 Sec. 129. Each minor over fourteen years of age and under sixteen 
 years of age who is not in regular attendance upon a public, private 
 or parochial school or who is regularly and lawfully employed in some 
 occupation of service, unless such minor has completed eight years of 
 elementary schooling, shall attend a part-time school or class in the 
 district in which such minor resides or may be employed. Such at- 
 tendance shall be for not less than four hours per week and not more 
 than eight hours per week for each week which such school or class is 
 in session until the total attendance amounts to at least one hundred 
 and forty-four hours for the school year, except that the school 
 authorities may, subject to the approval of the state superintendent 
 of free schools, permit any such minor to increase the number of hours 
 per week of required attendance and decrease the number of weeks 
 of required attendance. The attendance upon a part-time school or 
 class shall be between the hours of eight o'clock forenoon and five 
 o'clock afternoon. Provided, however, that such persons shall be 
 exempt from the foregoing requirements for any of the causes enum- 
 erated from (a) to (i) inclusive in section one hundred and twenty- 
 two of chapter two of the acts of one thousand nine hundred and nine- 
 teen, regular session. 
 
 The parent, guardian or other person having the custody or control 
 of a minor who is required under the provisions of this section to 
 attend a part-time school or class shall cause such minor to attend 
 such school or class. A parent, guardian or other person who refuses 
 or fails to comply with this provision of the law shall be subject to 
 the penalties provided in section one hundred and twenty-two of this 
 chapter. 
 
 Any person, firm or corporation employing a minor between the 
 ages of fourteen and sixteen years shall permit the attendance of such 
 minor upon a part-time school or class whenever such part-time school 
 
37 
 
 or class shall have been established in the district where the minor 
 resides or may be employed, and upon the termination of employment 
 of any such minor, the employer shall return within five days the 
 employment certificate of such minor by mail to the school authorities 
 and a person, firm or coi'poraticn employing a minor over fourteen 
 years of age and less than sixteen years of age contrary to the pro- 
 visions of this section shall be subject to the penalties provided in 
 section one hundred and twenty-six of this chapter. A person, firm 
 or corporation which has in its employ a minor v/ho fails to attend a 
 part-time school or class as required herein, shall immediately discon- 
 tinue the services of such minor upon receiving from the school 
 authorities written notice of the failure of such minor to attend such 
 part-time school or class, and a person, firm or corporation violating 
 this provision of law shall be subject to a fine of twenty-five dollars 
 for each offense. 
 
 Boards of education of districts and independent districts are hereby 
 authorized to establish and maintain part-time and evening schools 
 and classes. The board of education in charge of the schools of each 
 city having a population of more than ten thousand according to the 
 United States census of one thousand nine hundred and twenty shall, 
 commencing with the school year beginning the first day of July, one 
 thousand nine hundred and twenty-two, establish and maintain part- 
 time schools or classes. The board of education in charge of the 
 school of any city, tovm or sub-district in which there are fifty or more 
 minors above the age of fourteen years and under the age of sixteen 
 years who are not in regular attendance upon approved instruction 
 shall, commence with the school year beginning the first day of July, 
 one thousand nine hundred and twenty-three, establish and maintain 
 part-time schools or classes. Such schools or classes may be estab- 
 lished in public school buildings, in other buildings especially adapted 
 for their operation, in manufacturing or mercantile establishments 
 and in factories- Such schools or classes, wherever they are estab- 
 lished and maintained, shall be under the control and management of 
 the board of education and shall be a part of the public school system 
 of the city or district which maintains them. 
 
 Such part-time schools or classes shall be kept in session on the 
 regular school days and for as many hours each school year between 
 the hours of eight o'clock forenoon and five o'clock afternoon as shall 
 be necessary to provide the required instruction for such minors who 
 reside in the city, town or sub-district. The course of study in such 
 part-time schools or classes shall be approved by the state board of 
 education. 
 
 If the board of education of any district fails to comply with the 
 requirements of this section, the state superintendent of free schools 
 may at his discretion withhold all or a part of any state school funds 
 due such district in any year. The failure of any officer to enforce the 
 provisions of this section and section one hundred and twenty-eight 
 of chapter two of the acts of one thousand nine hundred and nineteen, 
 regular session, shall cause such officer to be subject to the penalties 
 
38 
 
 prescribed in sections one hundred and twenty-five and one hundred 
 and twenty-six respectively, of said chapter. The requirements of this 
 section and the preceding section shall be enforced by the persons and 
 in the manner prescribed for the enforcement of the requirements of 
 sections one hundred and twenty-three to one hundred and twenty- 
 seven inclusive of chapter two of the acts of one thousand nine hun- 
 dred and nineteen, regular session. 
 
 All acts and parts of acts inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed. 
 
 *Refers to section one hundred and twenty-two. 
 
 THE SMITH-HUGHES ACT. 
 
 (Public, No. 347, Sixty-fourth Congress.) 
 
 (S. 703.) 
 
 An Act to provide for the promotion of vocational education; to pro- 
 vide for co-operation with the States in the promotion of such 
 education in agriculaure and the trades and industries; to provide 
 for co-operation with the States in the preparation of teachers of 
 vocational subjects; and to appropriate money and regulate its 
 expenditure. 
 
 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
 United States of America in Congress assembled, That there is hereby 
 annually appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise 
 appropriated, the sums provided in sections two, three, and four of 
 this act, to be paid to the respective States for the purpose of co-oper- 
 ating with the States in paying the salaries of teachers, supervisors, 
 and directors of agricultural subjects, and teachers of trade, home 
 economics, and industrial subjects, and in the preparation of teachers 
 of agricultural, trade, industrial, and home economics subjects; and 
 the sum provided for in section seven for the use of the Federal 
 Board for Vocational Education for the administration of this act 
 and for the purpose of making studies, investigations, and reports to 
 aid in the organization and conduct of vocational education, which 
 sums shall be expended as hereinafter provided. 
 
 Sec. 2. That for the purpose of co-operating with the States in 
 paying the salaries of teachers, supervisors, or directors of agricul- 
 tural subjects there is hereby appropriated for the use of the States, 
 subject to the provisions of this act, for the fiscal year ending June 
 thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eighteen, the sum of $500,000; for the 
 fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen, the 
 sum of $750,000; for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen 
 hundred and twenty, the sum of $1,000,000; for the fiscal year ending 
 June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty-one, the sum of $1,250,000; 
 for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty- 
 two, the sum of $1,500,000; for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, 
 nineteen hundred and twenty-three, the sum of $1,750,000; for the 
 fiscal yiear ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty-four, 
 the sum of $2,000,000; for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nine- 
 
39 
 
 teen hundred and twenty-five, the sum of $2,500,000; for the fiscal 
 year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty-six, and an- 
 nually thereafter, the sum of $3,000,000- Said sums shall be allotted 
 to the States in the proportion which their rural population bears to 
 the total rural population in the United States, not including outlying 
 possessions, according to the last preceding United States census: 
 Provided, That the allotment of funds to any State shall be not less 
 than a minimum of $5,000 for any fiscal year prior to and including 
 the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty- 
 three, nor less than $10,0C0 for any fiscal year thereafter, and there 
 is hereby appropriated the following sums, or so much thereof as may 
 be necessary, which shall be used for the purpose of providing the 
 minimum allotment to the States provided for in this section: For the 
 fiscal year ending June thiitieth, nineteen hundred and eighteen, the 
 sum of $48,000; for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen 
 hundred and nineteen, the sum of $34,000; for the fiscal year ending 
 June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty, the sum of $24,000; for 
 the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty- 
 one, the sum of $18,000; for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nine- 
 teen hundred and twenty-two, the sum of $14,000; for the fiscal year 
 ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty-three, the sum of 
 $11,000; for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred 
 £nd twenty-four, the sum of $9,000; for the fiscal year ending June 
 thirtieth, nineteen hundred end twenty-five, the sum of $34,000; and 
 annually thereafter the sum of $27,000. 
 
 Sec. 3. That for the purpose of co-operating with the States in 
 paying the salaries of teachers of trade, home economics, and indus- 
 trial subjects there is hereby appropriated for the use of the States, 
 for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and 
 eighteen, the sum of $500,000; for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, 
 nineteen hundred and nineteen, the sum of $750,000; for the fiscal year 
 ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty, the sum of 
 $1,000,000; for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred 
 and twenty-one, the sum of $1,250,000; for the fiscal year ending June 
 thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty-two, the sum of $1,500,000; 
 for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty- 
 three, the sum of $1,750,000; for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, 
 nineteen hundred and twenty-four, the sum of $2,000,000; for the fiscal 
 year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty-five, the sum 
 of $2,500,000; for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hun- 
 dred and twenty-six, the sum of $3,000,000; and annually thereafter 
 the sum of $3,000,000. Said sums shall be allotted to the States in the 
 proportion which their urban population bears to the total urban popu- 
 lation in the United States, not including outlying possessions, accord- 
 ing to the last preceding United States census: I'rovided, That the 
 allotment of funds to any State shall be not less than a minimum of 
 $5,000 for any fiscal year prior to and including the fiscal year ending 
 June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty-three, nor less than 
 $10,0C0 for^any fiscal year thereafter, and there is hereby appro- 
 
40 
 
 priated the following sums, or so much thereof as may be needed, 
 which shall be used for the purpose of providing the minimum allot- 
 ment to the States provided for in this section: For the fiscal year 
 ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eighteen, the sum of 
 $66,000; for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred 
 and nineteen, the sum of $46,000; for the fiscal year ending June 
 thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty, the sum of $34,000; for the 
 fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty-one, 
 the sum of $28,000; for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen 
 hundred and twenty-two, the sum of $25,000; for the fiscal year end- 
 ing June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty-three, the sum of 
 $22,000; for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred 
 and twenty-four, the sum of $19,000; for the fiscal year ending June 
 thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty-five, the sum of $56,000; for 
 the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty- 
 six, and annually thereafter, the svmi of $50,000. 
 
 That not more than twenty per centum of the money appropriated 
 under this act for the payment of salaries of teachers of trade, home 
 economics, and industrial subjects, for any year, shall be expended for 
 the salaries of teachers of home economics subjects. 
 
 Sec. 4. That for the purpose of co-operating with the States in pre- 
 paring teachers, supervisors, and directors of agricultural subjects 
 and teachers of trade and ind_istrial and home economics subjects there 
 is hereby appropriated for the use of the States for the fiscal year 
 ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eighteen, the sum of 
 $500,000; for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred 
 and nineteen, the sum of $700,000; for the fiscal year ending June 
 thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty, the sum of $900,000; for the 
 fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twen;:y-one, 
 and annually thereafter, the sura of $1,000,000. Said sums shall be 
 allotted to the States in the proportion which their population bears 
 to the total population of the United States, not including outlying 
 possessions, according to the last preceding United States census: 
 Provided, That the allotment of funds to any State shall be not less 
 than a minimum of $5,000 for any fiscal year prior to and including the 
 fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen, nor 
 less than $10,000 for any fiscal year thereafter. And there is hereby 
 appropriated the following sums, or so much thereof as may be 
 needed, which shall be used for the purpose of providing the minimum 
 allotment provided for in this section: For the fiscal year ending June 
 thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eighteen, the sum of $46,000; for the 
 fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen, the 
 sum of $32,000; for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hun- 
 dred and twenty, the sum of $24,000; for the fiscal year ending June 
 thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty-one, and annually thereafter, 
 the sum of $90,000. 
 
 Sec. 5. That in order to secure the benefits of the appropriations 
 provided for in sections two, three, and four of this act, any State 
 shall, through the legislative authority thereof, accept the provisions 
 
41 
 
 of this act and designate or create a State board, consisting of not 
 less than three members, and having all necessary power to co- 
 operate, as herein provided, with the Federal Board for Vocational 
 Education in the administration of the provisions of this act. The 
 State board of education, or other board having charge of the admin- 
 istration of public education in the State, or any State board having 
 charge of the administration of any kind of vocational education in 
 the State may, if the State so elects, be designated as the State board, 
 for the purposes of this act. 
 
 In any State the legislature of which does not meet in nineteen hun- 
 dred and seventeen, if the governor of that State, so far as he is 
 authorized to do so, shall accept the provisions of this act and desig- 
 nate or create a State board of not less than three members to act in 
 co-operation with the Federal Board for Vocational Education, the 
 Federal Board shall recognize such local board for the purposes of 
 this act until the legislature of such State meets in due course and 
 has been in session sixty days. 
 
 Any State may accept the benefits of any one or more of the re- 
 spective funds herein appropriated, and it may defer the acceptance 
 of the benefits of any one or more of such funds, and shall be required 
 to meet only the conditions relative to the fund or funds the benefits 
 of which it has accepted: Provided, That after June thirtieth, nineteen 
 hundred and twenty, no State shall receive any appi-opriation for 
 salaries of teachers, supervisors, or directors of agricultural subjects, 
 until it shall have taken advantage of at least the minimum amount 
 appropriated for the training of teachers, supervisors, or directors of 
 agricultural subjects, as provided for in this act, and that after said 
 date no State shall receive any appropriation for the salaries of 
 teachers of trade, home economics, and industrial subjects until it 
 shall have taken advantage of at least the minimum amount appro- 
 priated for the training of teachers of trade, home economics, and 
 industrial subjects, as provided for in this act. 
 
 Sec. 6- That a Federal Board for Vocational Education is hereby 
 created, to consist of the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of 
 Commerce, the Secretary of Labor, the United States Commissioner 
 of Education, and three citizens of the United States to be appointed 
 by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 
 One of said three citizens shall be a representative of the manufac- 
 turing and commercial interests, one a representative of the agri- 
 cultural interests, and one a representative of labor. The board shall 
 elect annually one of its members as chairman. In the first instance, 
 one of the citizen members shall be appointed for one year, one for 
 two years, and one for three years, and thereafter for three years each. 
 The members of the board other than the members of the Cabinet and 
 the United States Commissioner of Education shall receive a salary of 
 $5,000 per annum. 
 
 The board shall have power to co-operate with State boards in 
 carrying out the provisions of this act. It shall be the duty of the 
 Federal Board for Vocational Education to make, or cause to have 
 
42 
 
 made studies, investigations, and reports, with particular reference to 
 their use in aiding the States in the establishment of vocational 
 schools and classes and in giving instruction in agriculture, trades and 
 industries, commerce and commercial pursuits, and home economics. 
 Such studies, investigations, and reports shall include agriculture and 
 agricultural processes and requirements upon agricultural workers, 
 trades, industries, and apprenticeships, trade and industrial require- 
 ments upon industrial workers, and classification of industrial pro- 
 cesses and pursuits; commerce and commercial pursuits and require- 
 ments upon commercial workers; home management, domestic science, 
 and the study of related facts and principles; and problems of ad- 
 ministration of vocational schools and of courses of study and in- 
 struction in vocational subjects. 
 
 When the board deems it advisable such studies, investigations, and 
 reports concerning agriculture, for the purposes of agricultural edu- 
 cation, may be made in co-operation with or through the Department 
 of Agriculture; such studies, investigations, and reports concerning 
 trades and industries, for the purposes of trade and industrial educa- 
 tion, may be made in co-operation with or through the Department 
 of Labor; such studies, investigations, and reports concerning com- 
 merce and commercial pursuits, for the purposes of commercial edu- 
 cation, may be made in co-operation with or through the Department 
 of Commerce; such studies, investigations, and reports concerning 
 the administration of vocational schools, courses of study and instruc- 
 tion in vocational subjects, may be made in co-operation with or 
 through the Bureau of Education. 
 
 The Commissioner of Education may make such recommendations 
 to the board relative to the administration of this act as he may from 
 time to time deem advisable. It shall be the duty of the chairman of 
 the board to carry out the rules, regulations, and decisions which the 
 board may adopt. The Federal Board for Vocational Education shall 
 have power to employ such assistants as may be necessary to carry 
 out the provisions of this act. 
 
 Sec. 7. That there is hereby appropriated to the Federal Board for 
 Vocational Education the sum of $200,000 annually, to be available 
 from and after the passage of this act, for the purpose of making or 
 co-operating in making the studies, investigations, and reports pro- 
 vided for in section six of this act, and for the purpose of paying the 
 salaries of the officers, the assistants, and such office and other ex- 
 penses as the board may deem necessary to the execution and admin- 
 istration of this act. 
 
 Sec. 8. That in order to secure the benefits of the appropriation 
 for any purpose specified in this act, the State board shall prepare 
 plans, showing the kinds of vocational education for which it is pro- 
 posed that the appropriation shall be used; the kinds of schools and 
 equipment; courses of study; methods of instruction; qualifications of 
 teachers, and, in the case of agricultural subjects, the qualifications of 
 supervisors or directors; plans for the training of teachers; and, in 
 the case of agricultural subjects, plans for the supervision of agri- 
 
43 
 
 cultural educaticn, as provided for in section ten- Such plans shall 
 be submitted by the State board to the Federal Board for Vocational 
 Education, and if the Federal Board finds the same to be in con- 
 formity with the provisions and purposes of this act, the same shall 
 be approved. The State board shall make an annual report to the 
 Federal Board for Vocational Educaticn, on or before September first 
 of each year, on the work done in the State and the receipts and ex- 
 penditures of money under the provisions of this act. 
 
 Sec. 9. That the appi'opriation for the salaries of teachers, super- 
 visors, or directors of agricultural subjects and of teachers of trade, 
 home economics, and industrial subjects shall be devoted exclusively to 
 the payment of salaries of such teachers, supervisors, or directors 
 having the minimum qualifications set up for the State by the State 
 board, with the approval of the Federal Board for Vocational Educa- 
 tion. The cost of instruction supplementary to the instruction in 
 agricultural and in trade, home economics, and industrial subjects pro- 
 vided for in this act, necessary to build a well-rounded course of train- 
 ing, shall be borne by the State and local communities, and no part of 
 the cost thereof shall be borne out of the appropriations herein made. 
 The moneys expended under the provisions of this act, in co-operation 
 with the States, for the salaries of teachers, supervisors, or directors 
 of agricultural subjects, or for the salaries of teachers of trade, home 
 economics, and industrial subjects, shall be conditioned that for each 
 dollar of Federal money expended for such salaries the State or local 
 community, or both, shall expend an equal amount for such salaries; 
 and that appropriations for the training of teachers of vocational sub- 
 jects, as herein provided, shall be conditioned that such money be 
 expended for maintenance of such training and that for each dollar of 
 Federal money so expended for maintenance, the State or local com- 
 munity, or both, shall expend an equal amount for the maintenance 
 of such training. 
 
 Sec. 10. That any State may use the appropriation for agricultural 
 purposes, or any part thereof allotted to it, under the provisions of 
 this act, for the salaries of teachers, supervisors, or directors of agri- 
 cultural subjects, either for the salaries of teachers of such subjects in 
 schools or classes or for the salaries of supervisors or directors of 
 such subjects under a plan of supervision for the State to be set up 
 by the State board, with the approval of the Federal Board for Voca- 
 tional Education. That in order to receive the benefits of such appro- 
 priation for the salaries of teachers, supervisors, or directors of 
 agricultural subjects the State board of any State shall provide in 
 its plan for agricultural education that such education shall be that 
 which is under public supervision or control; that the controlling 
 purpose of such education shall be to fit for useful employment; that 
 such education shall be of less than college grade and be designed to 
 meet the needs of persons over fourteen years of age who have entered 
 upon or who are preparing to enter upon the work of the farm or of 
 the farm home; that the State or local community, or both, shall 
 provide the necessary plant and equipment determined upon by the 
 
44 
 
 State board, with the approval of the Federal Board for Vocational 
 Education, as the minimum requirement for such education in schools 
 and classes in the State; that the amount expended for the main- 
 tenance of such education in any school or class receiving the benefit 
 of such appropriation shall be not less annually than the amount fixed 
 by the State board, with the approval of the Federal Board as the 
 minimum for such schools or classes in the State; that such schools 
 shall provide for directed or supervised practice in agriculture, either 
 on a farm provided for by the school or other farm, for at least six 
 months per year; that the teachers, supervisors, or directors of agri- 
 cultural subjects shall have at least the minimum qualifications deter- 
 mined for the State by the State board, with the approval of the 
 Federal Board for Vocational Education. 
 
 Sec. 11. That in order to receive the benefits of the appropriation 
 for the salaries of teachers of trade, home economics, and industrial 
 subjects the State board of any State shall provide in its plan for 
 trade, home economics, and industrial education that such education 
 shall be given in schools or classes under public supervision or control; 
 that the controlling purpose of such education shall be to fit for useful 
 employment; that such education shall be of less than college grade 
 and shall be designed to meet the needs of persons over fourteen years 
 of age who are preparing for a trade or industrial pursuit or who 
 have entered upon the work of a trade or industrial pursuit; that the 
 State or local community, or both, shall provide the necessary plant 
 and equipment determined upon by the State board, with the approval 
 of the Federal Board for Vocational Education, as the minimum re- 
 quirement in such State for education for any given trade or indus- 
 trial pursuit; that the total amount expended for the maintenance of 
 such education in any school or class receiving the benefit of such 
 appropriation shall be not less annually than the amount fixed by the 
 State board, with the approval of the Federal Board, as the minimum 
 for such schools or classes in the State; that such schools or classes 
 giving instruction to persons who have not entered upon employment 
 shall require that at least half of the time of such instruction be given 
 to practical work on a useful or productive basis, such instruction to 
 extend over not less than nine months per year and not less than 
 thirty hours per week; that at least one-third of the sum appropriated 
 to any State for the salaries of teachers of trade, home economics, and 
 industrial subjects shall, if expended, be applied to part-time schools 
 or classes for workers over fourteen years of age who have entered 
 upon employment, and such subjects in a part-time school or class 
 may mean any subject given to enlarge the civic or vocational intel- 
 ligence of such workers over fourteen and less than eighteen years of 
 age; that such part-time schools or classes shall provide for not less 
 than one hundred and forty-four hours of classroom instruction per 
 year; that evening industrial schools shall fix the age of sixteen years 
 as a minimum entrance requirement and shall confine instruction to 
 that which is supplemental to the daily employment; that the teachers 
 of any trade or industrial subject in any State shall have at least the 
 
45 
 
 minimum qualifications for teachers of such subject determined upon 
 for such State by the State board, with the approval of the Federal 
 Board for Vocational Education: Provided, That for cities and towns 
 of less than twenty-five thousand population, according to the last 
 preceding United States census, the State board, with the approval 
 of the Federal Board for Vocational Ed'jcation, may modify the con- 
 ditions as to the length of course and hours of instruction per week for 
 schools and classes giving instruction to those who have not entered 
 upon employment, in order to meet the particular needs of such cities 
 and towns. 
 
 Sec. 12. That in order for any State to receive the benefits of the 
 appropriation in this act for the training of teachers, supervisors, or 
 directors of agricultural subjects, or of teacher's of trade, industrial or 
 home economics subjects, the State board of such State shall provide 
 in its plan for such training that the same shall be carried out under 
 the supervision of the State board; that such training shall be given 
 in schools or classes under public supervision or control; that such 
 training shall be given only to persons who have had adequate voca- 
 tional experience or contact in the line of work for which they are 
 preparing themselves as teachers, supei'visors, or directors, or who 
 are acquiring such experience or contact as a part of their training; 
 and that the State board, with the approval of the Federal Board, 
 shall establish minimum requirements for such experience or contact 
 for teachers, supervisors, or directors of agricultural subjects and for 
 teachers of trade, industrial, and home economics subjects; that not 
 more than sixty per centum nor less than twenty per centum of the 
 money appropriated under this act for the training of teachers of 
 vocational subjects to any State for any year shall be expended for 
 any one of the following purposes: For the preparation of teachers, 
 supervisors, or directors of agricultural subjects, or the preparation 
 of teachers of trade and industrial subjects, or the preparation of 
 teachers of home economics subjects. 
 
 Sec. 13- That in order to secure the benefits of the appropriations 
 for the salaries of teachers, supervisors, or directors of agricultural 
 subjects, or for the salaries of teachers of trade, home economics, and 
 industrial subjects, or for the training of teachers as herein provided, 
 any State shall, through the legislative authority thereof, appoint as 
 custodian for said appropriations its State treasurer, who shall receive 
 and provide for the proper custody and disbursements of all money 
 paid to the State from said appropriations. 
 
 Sec. 14. That the Federal Board for Vocational Education shall 
 annually ascertain whether the several States are using, or are pre- 
 pai'ed to use, the money received by them in accordance with the pro- 
 visions of this act. On or before the first day of January of each 
 year the Federal Board for Vocational Education shall certify to the 
 Secretary of the Treasury each state which has accepted the pro- 
 visions of this act and complied therewith, certifying the amounts 
 which each State is entitled to receive under the provisions of this act. 
 Upon such certification the Secretary of the Treasury shall pay quar- 
 
46 
 
 terly to the custodian for vocational education of each State the 
 moneys to which it is entitled under the provisions of this act. The 
 moneys so received by the custodian for vocational education for any 
 State shall be paid out on the requisition of the State board as reim- 
 bursement for expenditures already incurred to such schools are are 
 approved by said State board and are entitled to receive such moneys 
 under the provisions of this act. 
 
 Sec. 15. That whenever any portion of the fund annually allotted 
 to any State has not been expended for the purpose provided for in 
 this act, a sum equal to such portion shall be deducted by the Federal 
 Board from the next succeeding annual allotment from such fund to 
 such State. 
 
 Sec. 16. That the Federal Board for Vocational Education may 
 withhold the allotment of moneys to any State whenever it shall be 
 determined that such moneys are not being expended for the purposes 
 and under the conditions of this act. 
 
 If any allotment is withheld from any State, the State board of 
 such State may appeal to the Congress of the United States, and if 
 the Congress shall not direct such sum to be paid, it shall be covered 
 into the Treasury. 
 
 Sec. 17. That if any portion of the moneys received by the cus- 
 todian for vocational education of any State under this act, for any 
 given purpose named in this act, shall, by any action or contingency, 
 be diminished or lost, it shall be replaced by such State, and until so 
 replaced no subsequent appropriation for such education shall be paid 
 to such State. No portion of any moneys appropriated under this act 
 for the benefit of the States shall be applied, directly or indirectly, 
 to the purchase, erection, preservation, or repair of any building or 
 buildings or equipment, or for the purchase or rental of lands, or for 
 the support of any religious or privately owner or conducted school or 
 college. 
 
 Sec- 18. That the Federal Board for Vocational Education shall 
 make an annual report to Congress, on or before December first, on 
 the administration of this act, and shall include in such report the 
 reports made by the State boards on the administration of this act by 
 each State and the expenditure of the money allotted to each State. 
 Approved, February 23, 1917.