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 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 C. E. TWOMBLY, 
 BOSTON. 
 
The 
 
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 Pigeon 
 Standard 
 
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 ILLUSTRATED 
 PRICE, 50 CENTS 
 
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SECOND COPY, 
 
 TWO COPIES RECEIVED, 
 
 Library of C«iigre«% 
 Office of tiii 
 
 APR 12 1800 ^ 
 
 BtgltUr 6f Copyrtghtst 
 
 NOV 3 1900 
 
 Copyrighted, lf)Of>. 
 
 C. E. TVVOMBLY, rtOSTOlV, 
 
 tJ. S. A, 
 

 flntro&uction^ 
 
 EALIZING the urgont need in the American 
 J'Y^ Pigeon Fancy of a book containing a stand- 
 ard for all varieties, I shall endeavor herein 
 to give all the vei-y latest and best standards in use 
 at the present time. A large majority of these 
 standards have been carefully studied and adopted by 
 committees from the leading specialty clubs of Eng- 
 land and America. 
 
 C. E. 'J''\V(>MnLY. 
 
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 C'ROPrER. PIGMY POUTER. POUTER. 
 
 (The Feathered Worhl.) 
 
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 
 
 POUTER STANDARD. 
 
 Head^Fine, small ard narrow in proportion to the size of 
 the bird, formino- an elongated arch from the base of 
 the beak and measuring If inch from tip of beak to 
 centre of eye. 
 
 Beak— Fine, mandible straight, upper slightly curved at tip. 
 
 Beak Wattle— Small and fine in texture. 
 
 Eye — Full and of mild expression. 
 
 Eye Cere— Yery fine and threadlike. 
 
 Neck — Long and furnished with a large glo'bular crop, for- 
 ward in position. 
 
 Body — (1) Shoulders— small and flat or "wall-shouldered," 
 and tight to the body. (2) Back — narrow and long 
 with a grooved line from base ot" neck towards rump. 
 
 (3) Rump— narrow, shallow, straight and smooth. 
 
 (4) Breast — narrow, long and convex, showing very 
 little keel. (5) Belly — narrow and tapering to the 
 vent. 
 
 Wings — Long and shallow, close to body showing waist and 
 upper part of thigh, tapering to flights, which should 
 be long, broad in web of feather, and tapering to end 
 of tail, upon which they should rest. 
 
 Tail— Long, narrow, straight with body, round ended, nearly 
 touching the ground and with the wings presenting 
 a wedge-shaped appearance from shoulders to tip of 
 tail. 
 
 Carriage— Upright. 
 Action— Free, lively and graceful. 
 
 Length —From 18 inches in hens to 21 inches in cocks, meas- 
 ured from tip of beak to end of tail. 
 
6 THE PIGEON STANDARD. 
 
 Limbs — On a scale at the rate of f iuch in limb to 1 inch in 
 feather, measured from thigh joint to tip of toe nail. 
 (1) Front View — Placed well back from crop, insertion 
 close, thigh and hock joint straight, inclining in- 
 wards, from thence to foot inclining outwards very 
 slightly. (2) Side View — Following the line of body 
 with convex line on fore side of thigh to hock, slight- 
 ly concave on the opposite side, and straight from 
 hock to foot. (3) Generally lengthy both in thigh 
 and shank, long and in proportion, feathered closely 
 and evenly, presenting a stocking-like appearpiice. 
 
 Toes — Well feathered to tip, and not cramped. 
 
 Colors — Yellow, red, black, blue, (standard pieds) and white. 
 
 Markings — The above colors cover the bird with the excep- 
 tion (1) of a white crescent on crop, the horns of 
 which reach to about an inch from each eye (2) of a 
 few white feathers, about a dozen, on the shoulders 
 (in the shape of a rose) and white primary flights (3) 
 of white on all the body behind a line encircling the 
 centre of the waist. 
 
 In the case of blacks and blues, color of the tail 
 same as body color, and blues must have black bars 
 on tlae wings. 
 
 In yellows and reds, a colored tail is i)referred if of 
 as good color as the body. 
 
 Whites have no marking. 
 
 Color of Eye — In pied birds red or orange, and in whites a 
 bull eye. 
 
 Color of Beak — In blacks and blues, black, and in other col- 
 ors flesh colored. 
 
THE PIGEON STxYXDATtD. 
 
 THE PIGMY POUTER. 
 
 The above standard a])plies iu every respect to the Pigmy 
 Pouter with tlie exception of size, which should be as small 
 as possible, some of the best specimens standing scarcely six 
 inches from the ground. The Pigmy is, in fact, a miniature 
 Pouter from tip to toe, the flight and tail feathers should 
 be rather short than the reverse. 
 
 THE BRUNER POUTER. 
 
 The Cruner Pouter i, very similar to the Pigmy, but should 
 be clean limbed, i. e. free from feathers below the knee joint. 
 The Bruncr is seldom seen as slim in girth as the Pigmy, and 
 are mostly bhown in self colors, white being the most pop- 
 ular. 
 
 THE NORWICH CROPPER. 
 
 Croppers resemble Pouters in many points, while in some 
 they differ completely. In color, markings, action and crop 
 inflation there is little dift'erence, the limbs a,re shorter and 
 free from feathering; the body is siiortj and shoulders com- 
 paritively broad. In other words the Cropper is a "jilumpy" 
 Pouter with clean li:ubs. 
 
 7A^ 
 
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 
 
 JACOBIN STANDARD. 
 
 Beak — Short and thick, well curved downwards forming- a 
 
 continuation of curve of skull, and flesh color. 
 Head — Small, flat between the eyes, with full appearance in 
 
 front. 
 Eyes — Centre black, surrounded by pearl or light gray. 
 Hood — Long, fitting well down on the head, even at edge, 
 crossing the head in a line with the front of the eyes. 
 Chain — Fitting close and even from back to breast, standing 
 
 well out, giving a curved line from hood to breast. 
 Mane— Full, being well filled out at back, even at edge, and 
 
 fitting in evenly with the hood. 
 Rose — Shape, oval, in a line slanting acrohS bottom of neck. 
 Size and Shape of Body — Breast full, long and slender; the 
 
 back narrow, fiat and straight. 
 Wings — Hather low at buts, fiights resting on tail. 
 Carriage — Sprightly, the head carried about eight inches 
 
 from the ground. 
 Legs and Feet — Short and free from feathers below the 
 hock, color red, feet small and fine, with claws same 
 color as beak. 
 Rump — Smooth, flat and narrow. 
 Tail — Narrow and straight in line with the back. 
 Color — Pteds, blacks and yellows, sound, lustrous and even, 
 from lower mandible to vent, with rump, tail, ten 
 flights and head, white. Whites pure throughout. 
 
 
IDEAL MAGPIE. ( Feathered World.) 
 
THE PIGEON STAXDAliD. 11 
 
 THE MAGPIE. 
 
 5ize~-Small, from actual measurements, good average spec- 
 imens in good condition, weight for cocks from 9 J to 
 10^ ounces, hens from 82^ to 9^ ounces; and when 
 standing in a natural position measure from sole of 
 foot to top of head from 8 to 9^ inches in height, the 
 length from tip of beak to end of tail, without 
 stretching, from 12^ to 14 inches. 
 
 Shape — Apparently long, slender and snake-like, chest full 
 and round, but not broad, the body round, thin and 
 gracefully tapering from front to vent, with no ap- 
 proach to Owl or Tumbler form, shoulders well 
 defined, but not carried prominently as in the Dra- 
 goon, legs set well back to show breast. 
 
 Carriage— Is a very imi^ortant characteristic of the Magpie, 
 but if the shape be good and true, the proper cariiage 
 is almost sure to follow ; it sLould.be smart, spright- 
 ly. The body well poised on the graceful and slender 
 limbs, the neck and body forming a continuous easy 
 curve, but the neck must not incline backwards, 
 head and beak carried horizontally, flights and tail 
 neatly folded. 
 
 Head — Must be long and thin, round on top of skull, showing 
 a soft easy curve in every direction — the term snake- 
 headed is often used, but does not apply as many 
 snakes are flat-headed, which is quite a reverse of 
 what is wanted in the Magpie — as nearly even in 
 substance throughout as possible, not wedge-headed, 
 no stop at junction of head and beak, but rising with 
 a gradual curve from front to back, fine and neat at 
 back of skull, lean face, with no approach to Owl or 
 short-faced Tumbler form. Junction of head with 
 neck to be neat and almost imperceptible without 
 throatinegs. 
 
12 THE riGEOX STANDARD. 
 
 Beak — Should be long, thin and nearly equal in substanc< 
 throughout, with slight hook at end of mandible, 
 but no dip in lower mandible, free from coarseness, 
 furnished with slight wattle of fine texture, pale in 
 color approaching to white, free from stain or mark- 
 ing except in blacks, blues and duns, in which colors 
 a very slight Vandyke mark on tip of upper man- 
 dible is admissable. 
 
 Neck — Long, thin, quite free from gullet or fullness of the 
 throat, thinnest at the point of junction with tbe 
 head, swelling gently towards the shoulders, which 
 it should join wilh a graceful and gentle curve. 
 
 Eye and Eye Cere — Eye white or pearl color, pupil intensely 
 black and clearly defined, what is commonly known 
 as a "iish eye," the eye cere is seen in various tints, 
 from nearly white to a coral red. In blacks tbe 
 deeper the red the better, and a ghade of pink in 
 other colors, but do not put much stress on this 
 point. The cere should be small and fiiiC in texture, 
 no ai)proacb to a Barb eye is admissible, but just 
 enough to show a delicate and even border to the 
 eye, and no more. The general effect of the eye, 
 although prominent, is mild in expression. 
 
 Legs and Feet — Legs rather long than otherwise, straight 
 not knock-kneed or cow-hocked. Shanks thin, lean 
 and free from feathering, covered with fine scales. 
 Toes long, thin, and well separated, also free from 
 feathering. Toenails white, both legs and feet bright 
 red in color. 
 
 Tail and Flights — Tail rather long, the feathers narrow and 
 closely folded, containing not m.ore than twelve 
 feathers. Not swallow-ti^iled or divided in centre, 
 the tail should be carried in a line with the back, 
 just clear of the ground, but not cocked up at all. 
 Flights rather narrow, closely folded, carried close 
 to the side, tips resting on top of tail, about half an 
 iiicli from side, not crossed. 
 
THE PKJEOX STAXDAUD. 13 
 
 Color — The whole of the body except head, neck and breast, 
 back, saddle and tail pure white, the color on the 
 colored portions to be bright, deep and lustrous as 
 possible; in blacks the irridescent colors and metal- 
 lic sheen are most important; wherever the color 
 extends it must be of one rich, even depth, extending 
 even to the shafts of the tail feathers. Many other- 
 wise good birds often lun chequery or ashy about 
 the top of rump and root of tail, which is very objec- 
 tionable. Blues and silvers should have black tail 
 bars. 
 
 Markings — Cut on breast. Sharp and evenly defined, without 
 artificial assistance, the color extending downwards 
 to about the tip of the breast bone, or a very little 
 below, running across the breast, either in a straight 
 line or slightly curving upwards towards shoulders, 
 showing a slightly convex form. It is advisable to 
 raise the wings, and if many foul feathers are dis- 
 covered between breast and vent markings, the 
 breast should be carefully examined for foul feathers 
 or tiimming. 
 
 Cut on shoulders — Color extending across the 
 broadest j^ait of the back at the shoulders, from side 
 to side at intersection of the wing with body, taper- 
 ing evenly and smoothly towards the tail, and form- 
 ing an elongated heart or V shaped saddle, showing 
 no ragged edges on shoulders. 
 
 Cut at vent — Even and extending only a very short 
 distance from beneath root of tail, no foul or colored 
 feathers extending towards thighs or belly. 
 
 Plumage — Close and comijact, but not hard feathered. 
 
 Disqualifications — Trimming or plucking of foul feathers, 
 dyeing or oiling, dark or gravel eyes, heavy mark- 
 ings on back, feathered legs or feet. Tumbler form of 
 head or body, chequered or ashy back or rump, want 
 of condition. 
 
THE riGEON STANDARD. 15 
 
 THE SHORT-FACE TUMBLER. 
 
 Carriage and Shape. — Erect and sprightly, jauuty when in 
 motion. 1. Neck broad at base and very slender at 
 the throat, short in length, arched in shape, with 
 head well thrown back when viewed sideways, the 
 head and feet to appear in the perpendicular line. 
 
 2. Chest broad and very prominent, but not flat. 
 
 3. Wing Coverts rather spreading. 4. Back slightly 
 and rump more decidedly raised. 5. Attitude ob- 
 servant and standing almost on the tip of the toes, 
 with the sole of the feet slightly raised from the 
 ground. 6. Legs short and elegant, devoid of all 
 feathering below the knee-joints. 
 
 Head. 1. Large and round, but withal when measured, short 
 from the front to the back of the skull. 2. Frontal 
 broad, prominent and lofty, slightly bulging forward 
 
 3. Crown well raised above the eyes, and convex. 
 
 4. Back of skull falling in rather shortened slope 
 but withal decidedly convex and porportionate. 
 
 5. Jaw and cheeks wide and abundantly feathered; 
 the muffs full and blending upwards. 
 
 Beak. 1. Short, straight, and as fine as possible in both 
 mandibles; the one closely fitting to the other and 
 pointed at the tip. 2. Color, in Almonds, Kites and 
 whole colors, of dark shade horn colored ; streaked 
 with deep brown in Agates; yellows and whites i)ale 
 flesh color. 
 
 Wattle and Cere. Small and very fine in texture, the cere 
 being moderately fine. 
 
 Size. Small, compact and plump. 
 
 Flights and Tail. Long and wide in web, rather spreading, 
 the flights carried below the tail, but showing no 
 opening between the one and the other. 
 
THE I'KiEON STANDAKI). 
 
 Eyes. Silvery and bright in iris, witli jet black clearly de- 
 fined pupil, large, prominent and very round in shape 
 situated rather to the back of the skull and appear- 
 ing, owing to the lofty frontal, centred low in the 
 head. 
 
 Standard Colors. 
 
 Almonds. 1. Ground color, rich, sound and even; in tint 
 that of the inside of the shell of the almond nut. 
 2. Markings. Head, neck, chest, back of rump, and 
 wing coverts evenly spangled with rich black splash- 
 es. Flights and tail showing in uneven patches three 
 distinct colors, viz., almond, black and white. 
 
 Kites. Black or dun ground, the former showing a golden 
 brown shading all over the body, especially under 
 the flight and tail "web feathering;'' the latter a 
 yellowish golden shade on some parts. 
 
 Agates. Red or yellow ground color, sound and lustrous, 
 broken by white feathers on the hackle, shoulders 
 and back, the major feathers being dark. 
 
 Mottles. Lustrous, metallic, green black ground from head 
 to tail, the mottling consisting of from ten to twenty 
 feathers evenly distributed in the form of a rose at 
 the pinions of the shoulders, and an equal number 
 of white feathers evenly distributed in Y shape on 
 the scapular plumage covering the upper j)art of the 
 back. 
 
 Self Colors. Sound lustrous red, deep rich yellow and 
 ebony metallic lustred black : the beaks of the latter 
 should be of the deepest coal black ; reds and yellows 
 ])ale flesh colored. 
 

 KLACK IJALDHEAD TUMBLER. (Feathered World.) 
 
MUFFED MOTTLE, 
 CLEAN LEG MOTTLE, CLEAN LEG WHITESIDE. 
 
 (Featliered World.) 
 
THE riGEOX STANDARD. 19 
 
 THE LONQ-FACE CLEAN LEG TUMBLER. 
 Beak — Close littiug, straight set, and of medium thickness. 
 Wattle — Xcat, fine in texture. 
 
 Skull— Round, with wide frontage, showing no flatness or 
 indentation. 
 
 Eye — Pearl or white, centrally placed. 
 
 Cere — Small as possible, fine in texture. (See also separate 
 varieties.) 
 
 Neck — Medium length, broad at base, tapering gradually to 
 throat, slightly arched. 
 
 Body — Short, stout and wedge-shaped, prominent and wide 
 in chest. 
 
 Flights & Tails— Flights closely set, broad, short and carried 
 on tail. Tail closely folded and wedge shape. 
 
 Legs — Stout, and well set, and of medium length. 
 
 Carriage — Sprightly, upright, bold and jaunty. 
 
 Feather — Clean, close, and tight fitting. 
 
 riottles — Color sound and even throughout. The pinion 
 mottlings should be white, and nearly circular, even- 
 ly distributed, butts free from white. The back 
 marking should be Y shaped, well and evenly mottled 
 Beak as in Selfs. 
 
 Rosewings — Same as Mottles excepting back marking. 
 
 Beards — The Bearding or Chuck should be small, and not 
 extending beyond the centre of the eyes, of semi- 
 circular shape, and in line with centre of beak. 
 Primary flights 10 x 10, tail and stockings white; the 
 rest of the body to be of a sound even color through- 
 out. 
 
20 THE PIGEON STANDARD. 
 
 Beak — In blues, blacks and chequers, the upper mandible 
 should be dark, and the lower flesh colored, while in 
 other varieties both mandibles should be flesh colored. 
 
 Bald Heads — The Head, primary flights 10 x 10, tail and 
 body color downwards from the breast bone, white. 
 The line of demarcation should extend from slightly 
 under the lower mandible, following close to the eye 
 and gradually and evenly rising to the back of the 
 skull. Beak & Cere, flesh colored in all varieties. 
 
 Whitesides — The whole of the body, including tail and 
 primary flights 10 x 10, should be sound colored 
 throughout, with solid colored backs. The shoulders, 
 wing coverts, and secondary flights, pure white. 
 Beak — Flesh colored, excepting blacks, which should 
 be black. 
 
 Almonds & Sub Varieties— Same as in the Short-Face. 
 
 Self Colors. — BLACKS. Color, deep and sound, showing 
 
 a green metallic lustre. Beak & Toe-nails— Black. 
 KEDS. Kich color, sound and even throughout, with 
 
 a lustrous golden bronzy hackle showing free from 
 
 green. Beak — Flesh colored. 
 WHITES should posses-s a satin silvery like appearance 
 
 with Beak, Toe-nails, Eye & Cere, wklte. 
 YELLOWS. Color, rich golden, even throughout, 
 
 hackle showing a pink lustre free from green. Beak 
 
 Flesh colortd. 
 
 Barred Varieties -BLUES. Color, clear, bright and sound, 
 
 with broad even black bars. Beak — Black. 
 CHEQUERS, Color and iiKirkhifj.s, distinctly and evenly 
 
 marked throughout, in two shades according to 
 
 color. Beak — Black. 
 SILVERS. Very light and silvery in color, with black 
 
 bars. Beak — Horn color. 
 
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 21 
 
 THE MUFFED TUMBLER. 
 
 Beak — Close fitting, straight set and of medium thickness. 
 
 Wattle— Neat, fine in texture. 
 
 Skull — Round, showing no flatness or indentations. 
 
 Eye — Pearl, or sometimes called white; centrally placed. 
 
 Cere — Small as possible, fine in texture, flesh colored. 
 
 Neck — Medium length, inclined to shortness, broad at shoul- 
 ders, tapering gradually to throat; sliglitly arched. 
 
 Body — Short, stout and wedge-shaped, prominent and wide 
 in chest. 
 
 Flights & Tails— Flights close set and broad. Tail closely 
 folded. 
 
 Legs — Stout, well set, and of medium length. 
 
 fluff — Profuse, and the outer edge forming a half circle com- 
 ing in to hock without break if possible. 
 
 Carriage — Sprightly, upright, bold and jaunty. 
 
 Feather— Clean, close, short and tight fitting. 
 
 riottles — C«)lor sound and even throughout, the wing marks 
 are white and circular, evenly distributed, butts free 
 as possible from white, the back markings should 
 be V shaped, well and evenly mottled. 
 
 Rosewings — Same as Mottles exrepting back marking. 
 
 Beards— The beard should be small, crescent-shaped, and 
 not extending beyond the centre of the eye, and in 
 line with centre of beak. Primaiy flights and muffs 
 white; the rest of the body to be of a sound, even 
 color throughout. Beak should be flesh color in all 
 varieties. 
 
c 
 
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 23 
 
 Whitesides— Tlie whole of the body including Uiil and pri- 
 mary Hights should be sound color thioughout. The 
 shoulders, wiug coverts and secondary flights pure 
 white. Beak— Flesh color, except in blacks. 
 
 Self Colors— Red, yellow, black and white, sound, rich and 
 even color throughout, black showing a green metal- 
 lic lustre. Beaks— Flesh color, except in blacks. 
 
 Barred Varieties — Blues, silvers and chequers to possess 
 broad, even black bars, and free from ticking or kite 
 color. Beak — In blues and chequers very dark, and 
 in silvers horn color. 
 
 Saddles — Black, blue, red and yellow. The two former to be 
 dark tailed; the two latter to be dark or light tailed. 
 Ilead markings — A snip or blaze up front of face, 
 with a full white beard extending from back of eye 
 to back of eye under beak, forming a bib ; with the 
 dark patches running pear shaped into it from the 
 centre of lower mandible, the latter called whiskers. 
 In addition, a dot over each eye about the size of a 
 hemp seed, with a white band extending around, 
 with the exception of a heart shape on the back, 
 which is dark, giving the bird the name. 
 
 Badges — Same as Saddles except body color, which should 
 be dark except foot feathering and ten lower flights 
 which should be white. Head marks same as Saddle. 
 
TIPPLER, Light Print. 
 
THE PIGEON STANDAiiD. 25 
 
 THE TIPPLER. 
 
 DARK MOTTLE. 
 Head — Round skull (uot too full iu front) medium faced, 
 
 pearl eyes with dark ceres and a dark beak. 
 Neck — Short, stout at shoulders, tapering well up to the 
 
 head. 
 Size and Shape— Medium in size, broad client and shoulders, 
 strong- wing butts, body well tapering, wedge shape 
 to tip of tail. 
 Flights— Short and broad, well overlapping each other when 
 
 expanded, Lound in color throughout. 
 Legs and Feet — Short legs, small feet, blight red in appear- 
 ance, and free from feathers below the hocks. 
 Carriage — Sprightly and erect; hard, short, close and perfect 
 in feather, flights of tail feathers being out and not 
 well through the pin, should put a bird back as if it 
 were a foul feather; the whole possessing a rich 
 metallic sheen; tail feathers should be twelve in 
 number. 
 Color and Markings— Bronze brown, leaning tow;nds a rich 
 chocolate brown, with white markings; solid coloied 
 head, neck and chest, well and evenly marked on 
 back and wings; flights and tail must be sound in 
 color. 
 
 LIGHT nOTTLE. 
 Head— Same as dark mottles. 
 f\eck— Same as dark mottles. 
 Size and Shape— Same as dark mottles. 
 Flights — Samt; as dark mottles. 
 Legs and Feet — Same as dark mottles. 
 Carriage — Same as dark mottles. 
 
 Color and Markings— Light ground, with bronze and rich 
 bronze markings, evenly mottled or i^rinted throtigh- 
 out; flights and tail sound in color. 
 LIGHT. 
 Head — Same as dark mottles. 
 Neck — Same as dark mottles. 
 Size and Shape— Same as dark mottles. 
 Flights — Same as daik mottles. 
 Legs and Feet — Same as dark mottles. 
 Carriage— Same as dark mottles. 
 
 Color and Markings — Simply a colored "cheek, primary 
 flights and tail fpatheis,'" rich brown or bronze to 
 take the lead: remainder of bird, viz., head, neck, 
 body, wings. Including secondaries, i. e., short flight 
 feathers, back and rumj), white or clear as possible. 
 
FAXTAILS. 
 
 Blue, White, 
 
 Saddle, Black. 
 
 ( Feathered World. > 
 
THE PIGEON STAN DA UD. 27 
 
 THK WHITE FANTAIL. 
 
 Head.— Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell. 
 
 Beak. — Thin, tiesli color and of medium length, the upper 
 mandible slightly curved at the tip. 
 
 Beak Wattle.— Small and fine in texture. 
 
 Eye.— Dark Hazel or Bull, with very fine flesh-colored cere. 
 
 Neck. — Thin, nicely curved and tapering well oft" as it ap- 
 proaches the head. 
 
 Length of Neck. — Corresponding with length of back, so as 
 to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the 
 cushion. 
 
 Body. — Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in 
 cenire; length of back, in proportion to length of 
 neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with 
 ease; rump, (jf sufficient size and strength to balance 
 the tail evenly; chest, round like a ball. 
 
 Cushion. — Full and massive, the feathers of the front and 
 back overlapping each other and extending well up 
 the tail feathers. 
 
 Tail. — Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long 
 broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each 
 other. 
 
 Legs. — Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers 
 below the hocks. 
 
 Feet. — Small, fine and neat. 
 
 Color of Legs and Feet.— Bright red. 
 
 Carriage. — The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a 
 jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful 
 manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, uj)- 
 right in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on 
 fairly low and closely braced: flights, just clearing 
 the lowest tail feathers and almosi^^ meeting at the 
 tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to droj) 
 or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being- 
 forced forward by the action of the body. 
 
 Motion. — Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and 
 apparent upheaving of the chest, the head seeming 
 to bounce gently up and down on the cushion, with 
 constant tremulous quivering of the body. 
 
 Plumage— Pino White, hard and tight fitting. 
 
28 THE PIGEON STANDARD. 
 
 THE BLUE FANTAIL. 
 
 Head.— Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell. 
 
 Beak. — Thin, black and of medium, length, the upjjer 
 mandible slightly curved at ihe tip. 
 
 Beak Wattle.— Small and fine in texture. 
 
 Eye. — Pearl or Orange, with very fine dark-colored cere. 
 
 Neck. — Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap- 
 proaches the head. 
 
 Length of Neck. — Corresponding with length of back, so as 
 to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the 
 cushion. 
 
 Body. — Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in 
 centre; length of back, in proportion to length of 
 neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with 
 ease; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance 
 the tail evenly; chest, round like a ball. 
 
 Cushion. — Full and massive, the feathers of the front and 
 back oveilapping each other and extending well up 
 the tail feathers. 
 
 TaiL — Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long- 
 broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each 
 other. 
 
 Legs. — Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers 
 below the hocks. 
 
 Feet. — Small, fine and neat. 
 
 Color of Legs and Feet. — Bright red. 
 
 Carriage. — The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a 
 jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful 
 manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up- 
 right in a istraight line with the legs; wings, set on 
 fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing 
 the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the 
 tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to droi> 
 or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being 
 forced forward by ihe action of the body. 
 
 Motion. — Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and 
 apparent, upheaving of the chest, the head seeming 
 to bounce gently up M,nd down on the cushion, with 
 constant tremulous quivering of the body. 
 
 Color. — Clear sound lavender blue. Free from sootiness or 
 bronzi4^g, and with no inclination to run light on llu- 
 rump. The feathers upon the neck and tliroiit 
 should be covered with an iredescent metallic sheen. 
 The wing and tail bars should be black and well 
 defined. The tail feathers .should be edged all 
 around with the same tint as the body coloro 
 
 Plumage— Hard and tight fitting. 
 
THE riGKOX STANDAia). 29 
 
 THB BLACK FANTAIL. 
 
 Head.— Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell. 
 
 Beak. — Thin, black and of medium lengtli, the upper 
 mandible slightly curved at the tip. 
 
 Beak Wattle.— Small and fine in texture. 
 
 Eye.— Pearl or Orange, with very fine dark-colored cere. 
 
 Neck. — Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap- 
 proaches the head. 
 
 Length of Neck. — Corresponding with length of back, so as 
 to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the 
 cushion.* 
 
 Body. — Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in 
 centre; length of back, in proportion to length of 
 neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with 
 ease; rumi>, of sufficient size and strength to balance 
 the tail evenly; chest, round like a ball. 
 
 Cushion.— Full and massive, the feathers of the front and 
 back overlapping each other and extending well up 
 the tail feathers. 
 
 Tail. — Slightly concave and circular, closely filled wtth long 
 broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping eacii 
 other. 
 
 Legs. — Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers 
 below the hocks. 
 
 Feet. — Small, fine and neat. 
 Color of Legs and Feet. — Bright red. 
 
 Carriage. — Tho bird should stand on lip-toes and walk in a 
 jaunty manner. Head, throv>u back in a graceful 
 manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, uj)- 
 right in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on 
 fairly low and closely braced ; flights, just clearing 
 the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the 
 tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop 
 or incline forw:nd ; legs, well apart, the hocks being- 
 forced forward by the action of the body. 
 Motion. — Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and 
 apparent upheaving of the chest, the head seeming 
 to bounce gently up and down on the cushion, with 
 constant tremulous quivering of the body. 
 Color. — Jet black throughout, free from rustiness or a che(i- 
 uery npi>earanco, and covered with a rich beetle green 
 lustre. 
 
 Plumage— Hard and tight fitting. 
 
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 31 
 
 THB RED FANTAIL. 
 
 Head. — Small line and snakey, free from peak or shell. 
 
 Beak. — Thin, flesh color and of medium length, the upper 
 mandible slightly curved at the tip. 
 
 Beak Wattle. — Small and fine in texture. 
 
 Eye. — Orange, with very fine flesh-colored cere. 
 
 Neck. — Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap- 
 proaches the head. 
 
 Length of Neck. — Corresponding with length of back, so as 
 to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the 
 cushion. 
 
 Body. — Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in 
 centre; length of back, in proportion to length of 
 neck, enabling tho head to rest on the cushion with 
 ease ; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance 
 the tail evenly; chest, round like a ball. 
 
 Cushion. — Full and massive, the feathers of the front and 
 back overlapping each other and extending well up 
 the tail feathers. 
 
 Tail. — Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long 
 broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each 
 other. 
 
 Legs. — Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers 
 below the hocks. 
 
 Feet. — Small, fine and neat. 
 
 Color of Legs and Feet. — Bright red. 
 
 Carriage. — The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a 
 jaauty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful 
 mawner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up- 
 right in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on 
 fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing 
 the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the 
 tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop 
 or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being 
 forced forward by the action of the body. 
 
 Motion. — Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and 
 apparent upheaving of the chest, the head seemit.g 
 to bounce gently up and down on the cushion, witli 
 constant tremulous quivering of the body. 
 
 Color.— Clear, rich, bright golden chestnut, free from sooti- 
 ness or any tendency to a bluish tint. The feathers 
 upon the neck and throat should be covertiU witli a,u 
 iridescent metallic sheen. 
 
 Plumage— Hard and tight fitting. 
 
B2 THE TTGEOX STANDARD. 
 
 THK YELLOW FANTAIL. 
 
 Head.— Small fine and snakey. free from peak or shell. 
 
 Beak. — Thin, flesh color and of medium length, the upper 
 mandible slightly curved at the tip. 
 
 Beak Wattle.— Small and fine in texture. 
 
 Eye.— Orange, with very fine flesh-colored cere. 
 
 Neck. — Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap- 
 proaches the head. 
 
 Length of Neck. — Corresponding with length of back, so as 
 to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the 
 cushion. 
 
 Body. — Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in 
 centre; length of back, in proportion to length of 
 neck, enabling tlio head to rest on the cushion with 
 ease; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance 
 the tail evenly; chest, round like a ball. 
 
 Cushion. — Full and massive, the feathers of the front and 
 back overlapping each other and extending well up 
 the tail feathers. 
 
 Tail. — Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long- 
 broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping eacli 
 other. 
 
 Legs. — Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers 
 below the hocks. 
 
 Feet. — SiiKill, fine and neat. 
 
 Color of Legs and Feet.— Bright red. 
 
 Carriage. — The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a 
 jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful 
 manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, uj)- 
 right in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on 
 fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing 
 the lowest tail feathers and almost meeiing at the 
 tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop 
 or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being 
 forced forward by the action of the body. 
 
 Motion. — Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and 
 apparent upheaving of the chest, the head steming 
 to bounce gently up and down on the cushion, with 
 constant tremulous quivering of the body. 
 
 Color. — Rich, bright golden yellow, with no tendency to run 
 light on rump. The feathers upon the neck and 
 throat should be covered with an iridescent metallic 
 sheen. 
 
 Plumage.— Hard and tight fitting. 
 
r 
 
 THE PIGEON STANDARD. 33 
 
 THK SILVER FANTAIL. 
 
 Head.— Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell. 
 
 Beak.— Tliiu, black and of medium length, the upper 
 mandible slightly curved at the tip. 
 
 Beak Wattle.— Small and fine in texture. 
 
 Eye. — Pearl, with very fine drab-colored cere. 
 
 Neck. — Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap- 
 proaches the head. 
 
 Length of Neck. — Corresponding with length of back, so as 
 to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the 
 cushion. 
 
 Body. — Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in 
 centre; length of back, in proportion to length of 
 neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion witli 
 ease ; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance 
 the tail evenly ; chest, round like a ball. 
 
 Cushion.— Full and massive, the feathers of the front and 
 back oveilapi)ing each other and extending well up 
 the tail feaihers. 
 
 Tail. — Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long 
 broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each 
 other. 
 
 Legs. — Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers 
 below the lijcks. 
 
 Feet. — Small, fine and neat. 
 
 Color of Legs and Feet.— Bright red. 
 
 Carriage. — The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a 
 jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful 
 manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up- 
 right in a straight line with the legs ; wings, set on 
 fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing 
 the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the 
 tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop 
 or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being- 
 forced forward by the action of the body. 
 
 Motion. — Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and 
 apparent upheaving of the chest, the head seeming 
 to bounce gently up and down on the cushion, with 
 constant tremulous (luiveiing of the body. 
 
 C'jlor.-A soft even shade of a very light silvery grey tint, 
 with no tendency lo a cieamy color. The feathers 
 upon the neck and throat should be covered with 
 an iridescent metallic she( n. The wing and tail bars 
 should be black and well defined. The tail feathers 
 should be edged all round with the same tint as the 
 body color. 
 
 Pluina2:e— flard and tight iittinu-. 
 
34 THE PIGEON STANDARD. 
 
 THK SADDLEBACK FANTAIL. 
 
 Head. — Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell. 
 Beak. — Thin, flesh color and of medium length, the upper 
 
 mandible slightly curved at the tip. 
 Beak Wattle.— Small and fine in texture. 
 Eye.— Dark Hazel or Bull, with very fine flesh-colored cere. 
 Neck. — Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap- 
 proaches the head. 
 Length of Neck. — Corresponding with length of back, so as 
 to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the 
 cushion. 
 Body. — Shape, small and round ; back, slightly hollowed in 
 centre; length of back, in proportion to length of 
 neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with 
 ease; rumv), of sufficient size and strength to balance 
 the tail evenly; chest, round like a ball. 
 Cushion.^Full and massive, the feathers of the front and 
 back overlapping each other and extending well up 
 the tail feathers. 
 Tail. — Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long- 
 broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each 
 other. 
 Legs. — Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers 
 
 below the hocks. 
 Feet.— Small, fine and neat. 
 Color of Legs and Feet.— Bright red. 
 
 Carriage. — The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a 
 jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful 
 manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up- 
 right in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on 
 fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing 
 the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the 
 tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop 
 or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being- 
 forced forward by the action of the body. 
 Motion. — Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and 
 apparent upheaving of the chest, the head seemii.g 
 to bounce gently up and down on the cushion, with 
 constant tremulous quivering of the body. 
 Markings. — The wings should be marked evenly, the ten 
 outside feathers being white, the rest, including the 
 covert or scapular feathers, to be colored; the body, 
 excepting the back, to be white, in the barred varie- 
 ties the wing bars to be clear and distinct. 
 Color. — To be clear and rich throughout, with tight hard- 
 fitting ])lumage. 
 
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 35 
 
 THE ENGLISH CARRIER. 
 
 Head — Long and narrow, running on as straight a level as 
 possible from the ba.se or: the wattle to the back of 
 the skull, yet displaying the slightest indentation in 
 its centre in its longitudinal exienssion. (1) Length 
 —From the tip of the beak to the back of the skull, 
 2| inches at least. (2) Width— From inside fold of 
 eye-cere to eye-cere i inch— being equal in measure- 
 ment at front and back of cere. 
 
 Beak. — Long and stout in both mandibles, shooting straight 
 away from their juncture up the gape and propor- 
 tionately thick to the very tip, the mandibles closing 
 tightly. Color, of a light fleshy hue with darii lon- 
 gitudinal streaks in blacks and blues, the streaks 
 being light horn color in duns; in whites, of a pale 
 fleshy color, devoid of any streaking. Measure- 
 ments of face and beak, 1|^ inch in hens and not less 
 than 2 inches in cocks, from the pupil of the eye to 
 the tip of the beak. 
 
 Wattle. — Kather round than oval in shape. Size, as large 
 as possible, even in surface rooring, and proportion- 
 ately balanced from side to side; that on the under 
 mandible scarcely showing any separation from that 
 on the upper one when they are closed; the upper 
 section lilted slightly forward from the front of the 
 skull, the lower section very gradually bulging away 
 from the jaw. The circumference of the wattle 
 should be greatest at its centre, from whence it 
 should gradually and imperceptibly blend with the 
 beak at its inner extremity. The color of a wattle 
 should be a powdery white tint. 
 
 Eyes.— Deep red in iris, except whites, which should be 
 black or "bull-eyed." 
 
 Eye-Cere. — Circular and wide, evenly radiating at an equal 
 distance from the eye. Fine, well laced, but firm in 
 texture, rising slightly above the level of the head 
 and quite parallel in structure bolli at the front and 
 back of the skull. The color of a pale, leather-like 
 tinge, displaying but little of the powdery tint visi- 
 ble on the wattle. The dimensions should be, pro- 
 portionate to sex and age ; in adult cocks, as 'wide 
 and circular as a florin; in adult hens a degree less; 
 in young birds not less than a shilling, increasing 
 with age. 
 
Neck. 
 
 Body. 
 
 Legs 
 
 Fligt 
 
 Size,- 
 
 to shu. 
 Carriage.— Erect, u^ 
 
 tu(ie. ^ 
 
 Plumage.— With the except. v..^ 
 
 all the plumai;e should be V 
 
 very close and compactly to lu. 
 
 the neck, head and shoulder cove- 
 Colors.— (i) Blacks —Ebouy shade with defc^* , 
 
 (2) Duns — Of one shade all through ivj. 
 
 tail. {■')) Bluks — Sound but clear tint; da. 
 
 rump, showing;- distinct wino and tail, black b. 
 
 (4) Wii[TEs — Milk-w^hite, disi>la\in«> a ''satin like" 
 
 lustre on the hackle and breast. 
 Note.— In estimating the value to be allotted to the beak 
 
 wattle and the eye cere, age and sex must be taken 
 
 iuto account. As a general rule, the Carrier pigeon 
 
 is at its best between 3 and 4 years of age. 
 
THE PIGEON kSTANDAKD. 39 
 
 THE BARB. 
 
 Head. — (1) Skull — Large, broad and square; level and equal- 
 ly wide at front and back; but dissplayinj; an indented 
 ridge running froni ilie front of cacU cyo aloi.g the 
 edging of tiie skull. (2) Fokeiiead— Wide and 
 chubby, measuring one inch and iliroe-rixtecnths 
 from centre of eye to tip of beak. {6) liKAK — Siout, 
 and blunt at its end ; in color ratl)er ]»ale, siieuked 
 with black, except pale tlcbh color in while. . (4) 
 Mouth — Wide in gape; when closed, mandibles lif- 
 ting tiglitly. (5) Wattle— Full in front, but not 
 bulgy; line in texture, showing but a slight central 
 division, displaying a white ])owdery surface. ((5) 
 Undeu-Wattle or "Jewing"— ConsiMing oi three 
 distinctly divided, roundish waity deveh.pnu nts, one 
 at either side of the gape, and the third exactly at 
 the centre of the base of the under-mandiblc. (7) 
 Cere — Circular, i. e., radiating at an equal distjini e 
 from the eye on all sides, rising up well above the 
 skull; equally thick and even in texture all round, 
 and rich coral red in color. (8) Eve — In whites, 
 wholly black; in all other colors the iris bright sil- 
 very white, with a clearly defined black pujiil. 
 
 Body. — Xeck — Short and thick, but displaying no gullet; 
 gracefully t;ii)ering in widening i)roporiion from the 
 throat to the shoulders. (2) Back — Kaiiuu- wide a:id 
 flat. {^) Iji:e.\st — Wide, full and prominent. (4) 
 Siiouli)e:is— Closely adhering to the botly. the wing 
 butts not i)rojectinu- beyond the breast. (;") Li;(;s- 
 Short, stout and firm; free from all feathers l»il..\v 
 the hock joint. (G) Feet — Claws well part* d iind 
 spreading outwardly, with nails same color as beak. 
 
 Plumage. — (1) Flights — Primaries, long and model ately 
 wide; secondaries, rather prominent at .siibs ijut 
 resting well over the longer ones. (2) Tail — liaiher 
 short, wide in web and not closely folded. 
 
 Shape —Cobby in build and erect in carriage. 
 
 Colors.— (1) Black— Kaven black, displayinu a metallic 
 green lustre. (2) Reds- Rich chestnut color, dev(»id 
 of dunnish or ashy shades on the rum|) and belly. 
 (3) Duxs — Sound and equally even in shade ri<;lit 
 through, whether dark or li-iht. (4) Whites— Very 
 pure and displaying a satin-like lustre on hackle and 
 chest. 
 
DRACrOON. (Feathered World.) 
 
THE PIGEOX STANDAllD. 41 
 
 THE DRAGOON. 
 
 Head, — Wedge-shaped and broad, yet proportiouate to the 
 stoutness and length of the beak, slightly curved 
 when viewed from the side or front, thus showing no 
 angle or extended flat surface. 
 
 Beak. — Thick, measuring from the termination of the beak 
 horn to the anterior corner of the eye, about IJ inch- 
 es. The lower mandible stout, stiaight and close 
 fitting ; the upper also stout and terminating in a 
 slight curve. 
 
 Wattle. — Peg shaped, /. c, broad and perpendicular at its 
 ba?e, narrowing with even sides and longitudinal 
 furrows towards the point of the upper mandible, 
 but not intruding on the lower. 
 
 Eye Cere. — Small, line in texture, nearly circular, slightly 
 pinched at the back. 
 
 Eye. — Prominent and watchful. In blues, silvers, chequers 
 and grizzles, the iris of a deej) rich red color. In 
 other varieties, an approximation to this color ; ex- 
 cept in whites, in which the iris is dark colored. 
 
 Neck. — Short and thick without (jnllet, and widening boldly 
 from head t-^ shoulders. 
 
 Breast.— Broad and full. 
 
 Back. — Broad and as Hat as possible; shoulders prominent. 
 
 Wings. — Strong, the tiights carried above the tail. 
 
 Tail. — Short and running in a line with the back, carried 
 clear of the ground, and extending quite half-an-iiich 
 beyond the tips of the wings. 
 
 Legs. — Short. The thighs stout and muscular. The whole 
 length of the body, from the point of the beak to the 
 extremity of the tail, about 1') inches. 
 
 Color. — In blues. The neck dark and lustrous; the body, 
 rump and thighs, a leaden blue of uniform shade. 
 
42 THE PIGEON STANDARD. 
 
 Markings. — A broad black bar across the end of the tail. 
 Two black bars, about f of an inch, wide, even and 
 distinct, running transversely from top to bottom of 
 each wing, in the form of the letter V inverted. 
 Color of beak in blues, black. Color of Eye Cere, a 
 dark grey. 
 
 Color of Grizzles and Chequers.— Each feather distinctly 
 grizzled or chequered. The marking, color of beaks 
 and eye cere, same as in blues. 
 
 Color of Silvers. — A uniform and light silver tint. Neck a 
 deeper shade. Bars as black as possible. Beak, 
 horn color. 
 
 Yellows and Reds. — Color uniform and bright. Beak of an 
 even flesh color. Eye Cere, hard and white. 
 
 Whites. — Beak, pale tlesh color. Eye Cere same as in yel- 
 lows and red*. 
 
 4V^ 
 7(^ 
 
THE PIGEON STANDARD. ^3 
 
 THE SWALLOW. 
 
 Shell. — Erect at base, with the top of the shell slightly cur- 
 ving forward, extending well round the head, the 
 base of shell to be the same distance from the centre 
 of eye as from centre of eye to the joints of mandi- 
 bles. 
 
 Cap. — Extending from the wattle to the back of the head at 
 a clean line to be drawn from the joints of the man- 
 dibles straight through the eyes to the base of the 
 .•-kull just fringing but not intruding into the white 
 lining of the shell. 
 
 Skull. — Narrow in front and wide behind — that is to say, 
 wedge shape. 
 
 Mandibles. — In blacks, blues, silvers, spangles a)id chequers 
 the upper mandible dark, the under one light in 
 color. In reds and yellows both mandibles to be 
 light in color, the beak rather long, straight and 
 slender. 
 
 Wattle. — Very small and smooth. 
 
 Eye Cere.^ — Very fine in texture. 
 
 Eyes.— Dark. 
 
 Neck.— Short and rather cobby in aj^pearance, but showing 
 no sign of gullet. 
 
 Shoulder. — Broad and rather full set, the back wide and flat. 
 
 Saddle. — Heart shape, showing a nice even line of marking. 
 
 Foot-Feather.— Length about 2ir or ^ inches on shank, with 
 the toes well covered, buck feathers white, all feath- 
 ers below hock colored. 
 
 Legs. — Short and rather wide apart; the shortness of lejjs 
 should be from liock to body. 
 
 Carriage. — Rather squatty. 
 
 Condition. — Very lustrous in the colored parts of the plu- 
 mage. 
 
 Markings. -The whole of the body white with the exception 
 of the cap, wings, foot and leg feathering below the 
 hock. 
 
 Points.— Shell, 25; cap, 15; skull, 15; condition, 15; foot- 
 feather, 10; saddle, 10; wattle, eye and eye cere, 5; 
 mandibles 5. Total, 100. 
 
THE PUJEOX STAXDARD. 45 
 
 THE FAIRY SWALLOW. 
 
 Shell. — Erect at base, coming high up, extending well round 
 the head. 
 
 Skull. — Narrow in front and wide behind, showing an even 
 curve from top of skull to front of shell. 
 
 Mandibles.— Rather long, in blacks, upper half dark, the 
 lower half light; reds, yellows and silvers, light 
 upper and lower. 
 
 Eye Cere. — Light and fine in texture. 
 
 Eyes. — Dark, hazel and well defined. 
 
 Frontal.— Spot, oval, extending from the nostrils; in looking 
 at the bird from the front, it should appear slightly 
 down-faced. 
 
 Neck. — Short and thick, but showing no sign of gullet. 
 
 Shoulders. — Broad and full set; the back broad and fiat. 
 
 Carriage.— Squatty. 
 
 Legs. — Short and rather wide apart. 
 
 Saddle. — Heart shape, clean cut, not to be long. 
 
 Foot Feather. — Very long, and well spread in front, coming 
 nicely round to hock . 
 
 Condition. — Very lustrous in color, and free from blue-black. 
 
 Markings. —The whole of the bird should be white with the 
 exception of head spot, wings excepting two .well 
 defined white bars, and foot feathering below the 
 hocks. 
 
 Points.— Shell, 15; foot feather, 20; spot, 15; skull, 10; sad- 
 dle, 10; legs, 5; neck, 5; eye and eye cere, 5; con- 
 dition, iO; mandible and wattle, 5. Total, 100. 
 
 

 TURBIT. 
 
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 47 
 
 THE TURBIT. 
 
 Size.— Small, very full in breast. Flights short and resting 
 above the tail; the latter short and tij^htly folded. 
 Carriage erect and graceful. 
 
 Peak. — Springing from mane, quite unbroken and ending in 
 a line jniint a little above the head. 
 
 Head. — Large and broad, forehead high and round, full 
 above the wattle and i)roniinent over the eyes, being 
 well bulged so as to l)re^ent a down-faced appear- 
 ance. 
 
 Beak. — Short and thick, the upper mandible having a down- 
 ward tendency. The lower mandible should be 
 straight and lit tightly into the upper. 
 
 Mouth. — Wide with full cheeks below the eyes, the space 
 between the juncture of the mandibles and the eyes 
 to be well tilled out. 
 
 Kyes.— Large and prominent, and situated comparatively 
 near the top of the head, but with good distance to 
 the frontal bulge. Color, bull, i. e. dark hazel, large 
 and full. Eye cere, pale flesh color. 
 
 Wattle. — Fair amount, but in no way raising out of the curve 
 of the profile. 
 
 Ciullet. — As much as possible, quite filling up the hollow in 
 the throat. 
 
 Frill. — As much as possible, long in feather and lirm in tex- 
 ture turning both ways, and extending from the 
 gullet well down into the breast. 
 
 Neck. — Broad from front to back. 
 
 Legs. — Short, showing but little of the thigh. Color bright 
 red. 
 
 Markings. — White with colored wings, each having ten white 
 Hi gilt feathers. 
 
 Color.— Yellow, red, black and blue, as rich and glossy as 
 possible, the bars of blues to be broad, even and 
 distinct. 
 
 Disqualifications.— Trimming, plucking, coloring or aitifi- 
 cial alteration in any way. Appearance of feathers 
 on the legs or feet. Out of condition from disease 
 or any decided deformity. 
 
 Note. — It should be observed that ticked blues, chequery or 
 smokey blacks, reds ;ind yellows, must be entered in 
 the classes for standard colors and are not elUjihh for 
 the Any Oilier Color clasn. 
 
THE P1(4E()X STANDARD. 49 
 
 THE ENGLISH OWL. 
 
 Head. — Large, massive, round, foimino a bold and regular 
 arch from front and side view, well filled in between 
 eye and beak. 
 
 Beak. — short, thick, upper mandible well curved downwards 
 forming continuation of curve of the skull, lowei 
 mandible stout, meeting and fitting well into the 
 upper; color in blues and powdered blues as neur 
 black as possible; in silvers and powdered silvers, a 
 light horn color; in reds, yellows and whites, i)ale 
 flesh color. 
 
 Beak Wattle.— Fine in texture, small, neat and heart shaped. 
 
 Eye and Eye Cere.— Eye large, bold, color reddish gravel 
 for blues, yellowish gravel for silvers and other 
 colors except whites, in which it should be bull or 
 claret, set in centre of side of head. Ceie tine and 
 neat. 
 
 Gullet. — Well developed, commencing at tip of lower man- 
 dible and terminating- in the rosette or frill. 
 
 Neck. — Short, rather thick, boldly tapering from >;houlder to 
 junction with head, full under the jowl. 
 
 Rosette or Frill. — As ample and well developed as jiossible, 
 either admissible, rosette preferred. 
 
 Flights and Tail. — Short and carried compactly. 
 
 Legs and Feet. — Legs short, free from feathering below the 
 hock, feet strong and toes well divided, brilliant red 
 in color. 
 
 Weight and Length.— About 12 oz., not exceeding 14 oz. for 
 cocks, an ounce or two less for hens ; lejigth, from 
 tip of beak to end of tail, not to exceed 13^ in. 
 
 Shape.— Comi)act and vigorous, chest and breast broad, 
 jjrominent and muscular, rather short than other- 
 wise. 
 
 Carriage. — Bold and active. 
 
 Color. — Blues, sound and even Ihroughout, including rump 
 and th.ighs, bars black. Silvers, soft, even shade 
 throughout, flights and tail dun bars as dark as pos- 
 sible. Powdered blues and silvers frosted with 
 white; other colors as sound and clear as possible, 
 except chequers which should be as evenly chequeied 
 on the shoulders and rump as possible, and if on the 
 thighs so much the better. 
 
 Disqualifications. — Trimming, plucking, coloring or any 
 other avtiticial alteration whatever, out of condition 
 from disease or any decided deformity. 
 
50 THE PIGEON .STANDARD. 
 
 THE AFRICAN OR FOREIGN OWL. 
 
 Head. — Round, formiug a bold and regular arch from front 
 and side view, well filled in between eye and beak. 
 
 Beak. — Short, thick, upper mandible well curved downwards 
 forming continuation of curve of the skull, lower 
 mandible stout, meeting and fitting well into the 
 upper; color in blues and powdered blues as near 
 black as possible; in silvers and powdered silvers, a 
 light horn color; in reds, yellows and whites, pale 
 flesh color. 
 
 Beak Wattle.— Fine in texture, small, neat and heart shaped. 
 
 Eye and Eye Cere. — Eye large, bold, color reddish gravel 
 for blues, yellowish gravel for silvers and other 
 colors except whites, in which it should be bull or 
 claret, set in centre of side of head. Cere fine and 
 neat. 
 
 Gullet. — Well developed, commencing at tip of lower man- 
 dible and terminating in the rosette or frill. 
 
 Neck. — Short, lather thick, boldly tapering from shoulder Uj 
 junction with head, full under the jowl. 
 
 Rosette or Frill. — As ample and well developed as jxissible, 
 either admissible, rosette preferred. 
 
 Flights and Tail. — Short and carried compactly. 
 
 Legs and Feet. — Legs short, free fiom feathering below the 
 hock, feet strong and toes well divided, brilliant red 
 in color. 
 
 Weight. — Not over 10 oz. for cocks, an oz. or two less for 
 hens. 
 
 Shape.— Comi)act and vigorous, chest and breast broad, 
 ]n'ominent and muscular, rather short than othei- 
 wise. 
 
 Carriage. — Hold and active. 
 
 Color. — Blues, sound and even throughout, including vuiuj) 
 and thighs, bars black. Silvers, soft, even shade- 
 throughout, flights and tail dun bars as dark as ]>o>- 
 sible. Powdered blues and silvers frosted with 
 white; otlier colors as sound and clear as possible, 
 except chequers which should be as evenly chequered 
 on the shoulders and rump as possible, and if on the 
 thighs so much the better. 
 
 Disqualifications. — Trimming, plucking, coloring or any 
 other artificial alteration whatever, out of condition 
 from disease or anv decided deformity. 
 
THE ]M(rE()X STAXDAin). 51 
 
 THE CHINESE OR WHISKERED OWL. 
 
 Head.— Round, formino- a bold and reoular arch from Iror.t 
 and side view, well tilled in between eye and beak. 
 
 Beak.— Short, thick, upper mandible well curved dowuward:s 
 formino continuation of'curve of the bkull, luwci 
 mandible stout, nieeting- and fittinj;- well into the 
 upper; color in blues and powdered blues as nenr 
 black as possible; in silvers and powdered silvers, a 
 light horn color; in reds, yellows and whiles, ]>ale 
 tiesh color. 
 
 Beak Wattle — Fine in texture, small, neat and heart shajjed. 
 
 Eye and Eye Cere.— Eye laroe. bold, color reddish gravel 
 for blues, yellowish gravel for silvers and other 
 colors except whites, in which it should be bull or 
 claret, set in centre of side of head. Cere fine and 
 neat. 
 
 Gullet. — Well developed, commencing- at tip of lower man- 
 dible and terminating in the rosette or frill. 
 
 Neck. — Short, rather thick, boldly tapering from shoulder to 
 junction with head, full under the jowl. 
 
 Frill. — As aniple and well develoi)ed as possible, extending 
 in rufHe fashion right uj) to the back of the ear. This 
 is its only difference from the African Owl. 
 
 Flights and Tail. — Short and carried compactly. 
 
 Legs and Feet. — Legs short, free from feathering below tlx! 
 hock, feet strong and toes we:ll divided, brilliant red 
 in color. 
 
 Weight. — Not over 10 oz. for cocks, an oz. or two less for 
 hens. 
 
 Shape. — ^Compact and vigorous, chest and breast broad. 
 prominent and muscular, rather short than othei- 
 wise. 
 
 Carriage.— Bold and active. 
 
 Color. — Blues, sound and even throughout, including rump 
 and thighs, bars black. Silvers, soft, even shade 
 throughout, flights and tail dun bars as dark as i)os- 
 sible. Powdered blues and silvers frosted with 
 white; other colors as sound and clear as possible, 
 except chequers which should be as evenly cheijuercd 
 on the shoulders and rump as possible, and if on tlu' 
 thighs so much the better. 
 
 Disqualifications. — Trimming, plucking, coloring or any 
 other aititicial alteration whatever, out of condition 
 from disease or anv decided deformity. 
 
THE PIGEON STAXBARD. 53 
 
 ORIENTAL FRILLS. 
 
 GENERAL FORMATION FOR ALL VARIETIES. 
 
 Head, — Large, round, high, broad and well arched forming 
 a continuous curve from neck to tip of beak, well 
 filled in between eye and beak. 
 
 Cheeks.— Full and chubby. 
 
 Beak. — Short, thick and close fitting. 
 
 Beak Wattle.— Small and of fine texture. 
 
 Eye. — Large, bright and prominent. 
 
 Cere. — Small and smooth. 
 
 Crest. — (1) Needle-pointed, upright and central. (2) Shell 
 crest, even ridge and wide spread. (3) Plain head. 
 
 Gullet. — Full and well developed, falling from near tip of 
 under mandible to start of frill. 
 
 Neck. — Thick, broad at base, well arched and full under 
 jowl. 
 
 Frill. — As much as possible, well covering the breast. 
 
 Flights and Tail. — Proportionate and well set; former car- 
 ried close up to body. 
 
 Legs. — Moderate length, grouse muffed, the feathers con- 
 tinuing to toe-nails, completely covering shanks and 
 feet. 
 
 Form. — Compact, round and i^lumj). 
 
 Carriage. — Erect, active, dignified. 
 
 The Satinctte. 
 
 Beak.— Pale flesh color. 
 
 Eye. — Very dark brown. 
 
 Cere. — Flesh color. Head, neck and body underparts white. 
 
 Shoulders.— Tri-color, /. e., ground tint, almost colorless 
 with fine lines of chestnut brown and purple, black 
 edging at lower extremity. It is immaterial whether 
 markings are laced, arrow-pointed, spangled or 
 tipped, or whether heavy, medium (»r fine markings. 
 It is in clearness, evenness, regularity and accuracy 
 of feather markings that jierfection is attained, and 
 this is generally found in the lighter or palest 
 grounded biids, where the beauty and clear contrast 
 is most obvious. 
 
54 THE PIGEON STANDARD. 
 
 Thighs. — Are more or less colored, the less the better, white 
 
 preferred. 
 Flights. — White, and seven to ten a side. 
 
 Tail. — Dark purple, blue downwards from line across rump, 
 the usual black band at lower extremity, u])on which 
 should be on each and every feather a large, round, 
 white spot ('Peacock's eye") clearly delined. In the 
 lighter colored biids, however, this white takes the 
 form of a band, and if well and clearly delined is of 
 equal value. Shafts of feather dark. 
 Feet. — Bright red but not visible. 
 
 Black Satinettes are of the veiy palest shade (almost white) 
 with a fair lacing all over shoulders. Tail white 
 with black edging. 
 
 Sulphurettes 
 Are same as above, showing pale sulphur ground color 
 instead of pale i)ink, brown on shoulders. 
 The Brunette. 
 Is similar to the above, only differing in shade of color, 
 having a silver-grey tint ; the pencillings being of a very 
 dark red-brown, fawn, or French grey with tail of same 
 shade. 
 
 The Bluette. 
 Clear blue shoulders, with white bars edged with black. 
 Dark blue tail, with white spots edged with black. 
 The Silverette. 
 Pale grey shoulders, with white bars edged with the dark (!r 
 shade. Grey tail, with white spots edged with dark grey. 
 The Vizor. 
 Differs only from the Satinette in that the head should be 
 dark bronzy purple clear cut to a well detined line running 
 across the neck, from bottom of gullet to back of crest, divid- 
 ing the dark colored head from the white. Body, frill, rump 
 and legs should be pure white and free from foul feathers ; 
 thighs as little dark as possible. The dark tail clearly shown 
 at rump, and white primary flights seven to ten. 
 

 THE DOMINO. (Feathered World.) 
 
56 THE PIGEON STAXDARD. 
 
 The Domino. 
 
 Colors. — Black, blue, silver and dun, \vith and without bars* 
 
 and chequers of same shades. 
 Beak.— Black or dark. 
 Eye. — lied and yellow gravel. 
 Cere. Flesh color; white body and thi<^hs. 
 Head. — Colored, ''which should extend low down in front of 
 
 neck, forming a bit), as in a Nun." Shoulders and 
 
 tail of same sound color all through. 
 Flights. — White, seven to ten to a side. 
 Legs. — Clean, free from feathers. 
 
 Blondinettes. 
 
 Like Satinettes are of various patterns of markings, viz. : 
 "laced." "arkow-pointed," "spangled" and "tipi'ed," 
 and of various shades and degrees of these from light to dai k, 
 and from fine to heavy. The varieties are : Blue, silver, red, 
 yellow, black, dun and sulphur. These are of Ihe variegated 
 or laced kinds; the beaks of which should be black, floh 
 and horn to harmonize with each color. Eyes should be led 
 or yellow, i. e., a "colored eye." The head, neck, trills and 
 tail of a darker shade. Whatever the color of each, it must 
 be of the richest and purest of shade ; red, yellow, blue, sil- 
 ver or sulphur, and the markings clearly defined. The blue 
 laced being especially beautiful about the head aiid neck, 
 with a rich and brilliant bronzy hue, which sometimes ter- 
 minates at junction line of neck and back, and in others a 
 dark head, as the veil of a Nun. These latter sort are inva- 
 riably very clear, light and attractive in variegation, the 
 completeness of which is exemplified all over, even to neck, 
 breast, back, belly and thighs. In a thoroughly good laced 
 Blondinette the bronzy color should permeate the whole 
 plumage, flights and tail; the latter of which should have 
 the large round white spot or band clearly defined upon every 
 feather, while the former also should have an oblong white 
 spot at each extremity of flight feather. Legs and Feet 
 grouse feathered to tips of toes. 
 
 Barred Blondinettes 
 
 Are of plain, clear blue or silver; each sort with clear 
 white bars, with a fine line of black upon lower edge of each. 
 Tail and flights with well defined and clear large white spot 
 on and near to extremity of each. 
 
THE PIGEON STAXDAUl). . 57 
 
 Black and Dun Laced Blondinettes. 
 
 These are two sub-varieties, in which the "lacing" proper 
 is more pronounced and conspicuous. In these, each feather 
 5s evenly edf^ed with its respective colors, varyin;;- from heavy 
 to line, and from dark to light lacing. Tail and flights fairly 
 edged throughout, and neck also fairly variegated. Breast, 
 back, belly, thighs and muffs also edged. 
 
 The Turbiteen. 
 
 Colors. — Black, dun, red, yellow, blue with black bars, 
 silver with black and brown bars, blue chequered, 
 silver chequered, red chequered, red barred and yel- 
 low barred, all the self colors of the very deepest 
 lustre. 
 
 Beak. — The upper mandible black and very dark horn, the 
 lower mandible white. 
 
 Eye. — Dark brown, dark ruby and orange. 
 
 Cere. — Pale flesh color. 
 
 Markings.— Body, tail, flights and legs white. Colored 
 head markings and shoulders. They are usually 
 foujid very foul thighed, but this should be con- 
 sidered an imperfection. 
 
 Head. — The markings should consist of three equal sized 
 spots, the frontal one commencing at tlie cattle and 
 covering the forehead, heart shaped; the cheek 
 spots should extend fiom the base of the lower man- 
 dible, under the eye to the ear, forming a crescent 
 shaped oval. There should be a distinct white line 
 running from beak to eye, dividing the frontal and 
 cheek spots. Birds with front spot only are admis- 
 sible. 
 
 Gullet. — Should be white, dividing the cheek marks. 
 
 Oriental Turbits. 
 
 Blacks, blues, silvers, reds, yellows, duns, chequers and 
 creamies. Each sort sliould have the sides and idioulders 
 marked in jjerfect elliptical form, with their res])ective colors 
 <leep, rich and pure. All else should be wliite, as in the 
 English Tiirbit. There are, however, tw j kinds (both admis- 
 sible as show birds) viz., white tailed and dark tailed, the 
 latter sort being the more numorou> ; but the white tails are 
 supposed to have been the original. 
 
■m,^m 
 
 ARCHAXGKl 
 
THE PLdEON STANDAIID. 59 
 
 THE ARCHANGEL. 
 
 Head. — Long and narrow, with gradual curve from front to 
 back; round skull, .showing an easy curve in all 
 directions; lean face, junction with head to neck 
 almost imperceptible. 
 
 Crest. — Central, needle-pointed, one-fourth to one-half inch 
 in length, and slightly inclined forward, showing no 
 mane behind or beneath it. 
 
 Beak.— ^Dove shaped, light brown color, slightly curved at 
 end with black marking on top of upper mandible 
 extending from wattle to end of beak, lower man- 
 dible straight. 
 
 Wattle. — Fine in texture and small, showing very little or 
 no white surface. 
 
 Eye and Cere. — Deep orange red; pupil large and clearly 
 detlmd, prominent, yet of a rather mild expression, 
 eye cere very small and iiue in texture. 
 
 Neck.— Long, slender, graceful, and slenderest at point of 
 junction with head, gently widening toward the 
 shoulders, joining the latter with a giadual curve. 
 
 Breast. — ISlightly i;romincnt, plain and neat. 
 
 Wings. — Long, close to body, and tapering to flights, which 
 should be narrow in web of feather, extending to 
 within half an inch of the end of the tail and meet- 
 ing tip to tip, gently resting on the tail. 
 
 Legs and Feet.— Firm and of good length, shank free from 
 feathers and covered with tine scales; toes well 
 separated and long, claws black, legs and feet crimson 
 in color. 
 
 Body. — Rather small in size, narrow and slender, and grace- 
 fully tapering from front to vent, with shoulders well 
 defined and close to the body. 
 
 Color. — Wings, rump and tail rich bronzed black; around 
 ends of wings and rumj) feathers are arranged bril- 
 liant metallic colors, changing in hue with every 
 change of position: tail feathers black, having a 
 rounded appearance at end; head, neck, belly and 
 thighs an even, deep, rich copper. 
 
 Plumage. — Close and compact. 
 
 Nature.— Rather wild, yet graceful. 
 
THE PIOEOX STAXDARD. 61 
 
 THE NUN. 
 
 Crest. — Shell shaped, wide from side to side and thick from 
 front to back, that is from the inner lining to the 
 outer edge, with curls at its extremities just behind 
 the ears; high and erect, with full cushion at base 
 towards the mane, and entire absence of any dark 
 feathers. 
 
 Markings. — Head and Bib to consist of a clean-cut line of 
 distinction between the dark feathers of the skull at 
 the back of the crown, as near as can be at the centre 
 of the curve whence the shell rises, neither extending 
 into the rise nor being intruded upon either wholly 
 or in jagged patches towards the crown of the head; 
 this line of demarcation between the dark head 
 feathers and the white hood or shell should just pass 
 below the side curls, and from these proceed boldly 
 downwards at the front sides of the neck to the ex- 
 tent of about IJ in., at which point the black feath- 
 ers covering the whole of the space from one side of 
 the throat to the opposite side, viewed frontways, 
 blend inwardly in a convex form, coUvStituting a 
 shaded fall of feathers below the under mandible 
 termed the "bib." This skull and bib marking of 
 dark feathers should be of the richest depth and 
 luhtrc of plumage, either black, red, yellow, dun, 
 blue or silver, in accordance with the color of the 
 m:ijor flight and tail feathers. 
 
 Flights and Tail. — The ten flight feathers in each wing 
 should be dark, as should also be the twelve tail 
 leathers with the leading coverts above and below 
 the tail itself. 
 
 skull. — Full in frontal, rivsing boldly from a Tumbler stop at 
 the end of the wattle on to the crown of the head, 
 which should present a convex appearance both when 
 viewed from the front and sides. The space between 
 the juncture of the mandibles and eye should be full, 
 but below the under mandible, downwards, towards 
 
62 THE PIGEON STANDAKD. 
 
 the neck, there should be no appearance of a gullet. 
 
 Eye and Cere. — The eyes should be of the most silvery white, 
 the eye ceres very fine in texture, and black or deep 
 damson colored. 
 
 Wattle. — Small, fine and possesses a delicate white bloom. 
 
 Beak. — Of medium length and thickness,, and of the blackest 
 ebony tint and polish in blacks and blues, dark brown 
 in reds and duns, and pale pink in yellows and fc<il- 
 vers. The claw nails should matcli in color with the 
 beak of each specimen. 
 
 Legs and Feet. — Darker in coral or purple shades than in 
 any other fancy pigeon, and free from feathers 
 below the knee joints, foul hocks or thighs being 
 discountenanced. 
 
 Shape and Size. — Medium structure and proportions rather 
 larger than the Turbit aiid smaller than the Enulish 
 Owl. The neck is long but not slender, the head 
 being carried very upright; the chest is f till and 
 wide, the shoulders are broad, and the keel is full 
 but not projecting; the back is straight and sloping 
 from shoulders to the rump ; the pinions aie strong 
 but closely tucked in lo the body; the flight and 
 tail feathers are broad and jn-oporliouately long, the 
 former resting on the latter at the tips. The whole 
 shape of the body is of a muscular, wedge-formed 
 structure. 
 
 7f^ 
 

 I 
 
04 THE PIGEON STANDARD. 
 
 THE RUSSIAN TRUMPETER. 
 
 Size. — Large, about tlie size of a middling Runt. 
 
 Carriage. — Rather the reverse of being upright. 
 
 Body Feathering. — The feathers of the body profuse in 
 quantity and proportion, and rather the reverse of 
 tight fitting. 
 
 Flights. — Long and broad, reaching to the tip of the tail. 
 
 Tail. — Long and quite broad. 
 
 Mocks. — Heavy, long and extending to the ground. 
 
 Foot Feathering. — Not only do the foot feathers cover com- 
 pletely from view^ the claws and nails of the feet, but 
 they are so long as almost to justify the title of leg 
 '•flights" being bestow^ed on them; they should 
 gradually and evenly overlap each other, and when 
 the bird is standing on the floor should present an 
 absolute right-angle projection on either side of the 
 body to the fiont view, gracefully tapering off at the 
 back till the extremities of the feathers rest closely 
 to the tail. 
 
 Rose. — Exactly at the centre of the crown of the head should 
 ai)pear a ])rofuse tuft of feather, falling like a veil 
 all over the head towards front, back and sides, the 
 extreme limit of each and all the feathers forming 
 an unbroken and regular circle extending to the tip 
 of the beak, to the back of the crown just to the bend 
 of the shell feather^- and all round the head, barely 
 leaving a chance glance of the eyes visible. It is 
 most essential that there .should be no jagged iireg- 
 ulariiy in the fringe of this rose-like feather display. 
 
 Shell or Crest.— From ear to ear at the back of the skull, 
 there should extend a massive, lengthy, well slinped 
 rever;-al of feathers in the form of a beautiful shell 
 or crest, and the larger and fuller this head covei ing 
 is, the higher it should be prized. 
 
 Eyes. — Either bright silver or rich orange. 
 
 Beak. — Moderately long. 
 
 Wattle and Cere. — Small and fine in texture. 
 
 Plumage. Colors vary from whole whites to whole blacks, 
 some of the best specimens being rose, saddle and 
 l)iniou marked, mottles. There are albo grizzles, 
 blues, reds and yellows. 
 

 SHOW HOMER. 
 
66 THE PIGEON STANDARD. 
 
 THE SHOW HOMER. 
 
 Skull. — Compared with the size of the body, the skull should 
 present neither an appearance of largeness nor 
 smallness, it should be rRther 2^roportionaie, and that 
 without any angle, depression or flatness in any one 
 point, from whichever aspect il is viewed. 
 
 Head.— Lencth from the tip of the beak to the outer ridge of 
 the back of the skull should as nearly as possible 
 compass 2| in. ; this space should be sub-divided as 
 follows: — (1) From the tip of the beak to the root of 
 the wattle a trifle over one quarter of an inch ; (2) 
 from thence on to the juncture of the mandibles (a 
 space covered by the nasal organ, itself covered by 
 the wattle) the measurement should be about three- 
 quarters ot an inch, so that the whole beak and 
 mouth con-jointly should measure as nearly as pos- 
 sible one inch ; (3) the space between the junction of 
 the mandibles and the front edging of the eye cere; 
 this space should not be less than three-eighths of an 
 inch. If anything, the head should be rather narrow 
 than wide. If viewed from above, it should present 
 an oval or egg formation, the greatest width being 
 just at the back of the eye, where it should measure ' 
 about one inch across the skull, gradually rounding 
 oft at the back of the cranium. In shape it should 
 here be like the wider end of a hen's egg. 
 
 Eyes. — Pearl or silvery white and placed as near as possible 
 on a line with the beak in the head, the space be- 
 tween it and the crown of the skull being, if anything, 
 rather shallow than the reverse. 
 
 Eye Cere. — Cannot be too fine and as dark as possible. 
 
 Wattle. — Small and fine in texture and nicely heart-shaped, 
 not bulging over at the sides or rising out of the 
 even sweep of the slightly convex line from the tip 
 of the beak to the feathered frontal bone. 
 
 Beak. — Not thick, but rather of medium substance, both 
 
THE PIGEON ST AN I) A HI). 67 
 
 mandibles being as nearly as possible of equal thick- 
 ness and leno-th, the upper one slightly bending 
 downwards, but the under one very straight, and 
 showing neither any bend nor appearance of jewing. 
 
 Neck. — While rather narrow at its meeting with the head, it 
 should gracefully widen out all round, as it tends 
 down to the shoulders. Clean cut at throat with no 
 sign of gullet. 
 
 Shoulders.— Broad. 
 
 Back. — Broad, rather straight than rounded, slightly sloping 
 downwards from base of neck to tip of tail. 
 
 Chest. — Moderately prominent. 
 
 Shape of Body. — Of a wedge formation from the chest to the 
 tip of the tail. 
 
 Wing Butts.— Should, like the rest of the wing, fit closely 
 to the body, not projecting beyond the chest or hang- 
 ing down below and away from the sides of the truck. 
 
 Keel. — The keel or breast bone should be very deep, straight 
 and of proportionate length. 
 
 Legs. — Medium length, the thighs are very muscular and 
 close set to the body, the shank-bone cs])ecially being- 
 muscular, but wilhal sj iirsely and clo.vely feathered, 
 so that no featliers should extend below the hock 
 joint. The leg joints from the hock bones to the 
 instep and the claws, and thence onward to the black 
 toe-nails, should be ruby-red and lirnily set, showing 
 not the remotest tendency to either lanky, bowed or 
 contracted appearances. 
 
 Flights.— Broad, short, tightly fitting to each other, and 
 carried well over the rump lowanls the tip of tl.e tail. 
 
 Tail. — Short, firm in web, and feathers very tightly closed 
 over each other. 
 
 Color. — Of all chequered and barred tints. 
 
68 THE PKiEON STANDARD. 
 
 THE FLYING HOMER. 
 
 Chest.— Deep, broad, muscular breast bone, fairly long and 
 
 perfectly shaped. 
 Wings. — Not too long, broad, well covered, thick quilL^? 
 
 sound, no signs of feather rot, uo ill-nourished flight 
 
 feathers. 
 Head. — Broad, ample room for brains. 
 Beak.-- Medium in length, fairly stout and strong, but not 
 
 too much wattle. 
 Eyes. — Any bright color, but must have large, prominent 
 
 pupils. 
 Cere. — Darkish tinted and hard. 
 
 Legs. — Sturdy, not too long, well feathered down to joints. 
 Tail. — Not too long and tapering, the wings reaching to 
 
 within about half a:i inch from end of tail. Tail. 
 
 body and wings all to beautifully ta)>er off together. 
 Color. — Any color, but must be bright and shiny, like steel, 
 
 especially the flights. 
 Size. — Rather above the average. 
 Condition. — Hard, tight fitting plumage; perfectly solid 
 
 mu>cles, not too fat, but hard and heavy feeling 
 
 when compressed in the hands. 
 
 THE ANTWERP. 
 
 Short-faces. — Require a good unbroken rise of "frontaP" 
 from the beak and beak wattle to the crown of the 
 skull. 
 
 Medium -faces. — Should be ''barrel" headed, the formation 
 of the skull between the wattle over the crown of the 
 head to the back of the eye being similar in rise and 
 elongation to the shape of an ordinary beer barrel, 
 the distance of measurement from the centre of the 
 eye to the juncture of tlu; mandibles to the front, aiitl 
 from the same si)ot t<» the outer ridge of the b:icK 
 skull, being absolutely equal. This midway position 
 of the eye is the essential feature of a true medium- 
 faced Antwerp. 
 
 Long-faces. — Of a totally different formation. The rise of 
 the face from the spot where it joins the nasal wattle 
 should be very gradual, showing an even long sweep 
 from the tip of the beak, over the surface of the 
 wattle along the muzzle, on to the crown of the skull, 
 thence gradually slo]>ing olf at the back to the head 
 towards the neck. 
 
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 09 
 
 Skull. — Short-faced should be broad ; medium-faced of even 
 medium barrel-like proportion; long-face compara- 
 tively narrow. 
 
 Neck. — Immediately under the jawbone should be well caved 
 in, showing not the remotest appearance of a gullet 
 or throatiuess. 
 
 Beak. — In short-faces should be as stout, short and as wide 
 at mouth end as possible; in mediums the thickness 
 should be, if anything, even greater, litting well to a 
 wide, mug-shaped mouth showing a good depth from 
 the wattle rise to the jawbone. In long-faces, the 
 beak cannot be too long or proportionately thick, 
 but withal of a graceful hhape (not downward bent) 
 well shooting away as far as the under mandible is 
 concerned from the jawbone on a line with the eye. 
 
 Beak wattle. — Even and well developed, but not bulging 
 over the sides of the mouth, the toi) of the beak, or 
 too high on its approach to the frontal bone. 
 
 Eye cere. — Small, evenly laced, and rather line in texture, 
 of a sound, deep grey color, showing a little bloom, 
 but not of a red tint. 
 
 Eye. — Should in all colors be of a deep gravel-red color. 
 
 Body. — The Antwerp is the largest pigeon existing, the Runt 
 only excepted. 
 
 Carriage. — Bold and upright. 
 
 Chest. — Wide, fully expau'led in the front, well supported 
 by massive broad shoulders. 
 
 Back.— Long and well developed, not absolutely flat, and yet 
 very far from "hog" shaped. The depth from the 
 back to the edge of the keel or breast-bone should 
 be great and proportionate. 
 
 Flights and Tail. — Long and broad, the former being well 
 tucked in and resting at their tips on the latter at a 
 distance of not less than half an inch fioni the ex- 
 tremity of the tail. 
 
 Legs. — Very muscular from thighs down to the hocks: from 
 the" hocks to the ball of the feet they are massive, 
 very straight, and free from all feathers. 
 
 Colors. — Silver duns, mealies, red chequers, blues, and blue 
 and black chequers. 
 
70 THE PIGEOX STANDAKD. 
 
 THE PARLOR TUMBLER. 
 
 Varieties. 
 
 Single, Double and Roller. 
 
 Performance. 
 
 The Single performer should make but one turn, consisting 
 of a straight backward somersault, (similar to the human 
 acrobat.) The turn should be on a straight line backward 
 (not sideways) and at each turn the bird should laud square 
 on its feet. Performance should be noiseless and free from 
 fluttering of wings. The Single performer should clear the 
 floor at each turn, but the closer the better. 
 
 The Double performer should make two successive turns 
 and as noiseless and free from fluttering of wings as possible. 
 The turns should be straight backward (not sideways.) The 
 bird should clear the floor, but the closer the better, and land 
 square on its feet. 
 
 The Roller performer should make a series or number of 
 straight backward turns. These turns or somersaults to be 
 on a straight line backward (not sideways) and as free from 
 flutter of wings as possible. The performance of the Roller 
 should be down on the floor, and at no time should the bird 
 rise high enough to clear the floor while turning. Perform- 
 ance should be an actual roll on the floor. 
 Colors. — Selfs; black, yellow, dun and white. Mottles; 
 red, black, yellow, dun and white. Splashes; red, 
 black, yellow, dun and white. Black Self — Coloi 
 deep and sound showing a green metallic lustre. 
 Beak black. Red Self — Color deej). sound and even 
 throughout, with a lustrous, red bronzy hackle show- 
 ing free from green. Beak flesh color. Yellow 
 Self — Color rich yellow, even throughout, pinkihh 
 bronze hackle showing free from green. Beak flebh 
 color. Dun Self — Vary in shade, but must be clear 
 and even throughout, either light, dark or medium. 
 Beak horn color. Mottles — Color sound and even 
 throughout. The pinion mottlings to be white and 
 neavlv circular, evenlv distributed. Butts free from 
 
THE PIGEON S'J\VM)Ai;i). 71 
 
 while. The back markings BhouUl in: V shaped, well 
 and evenly mottled. Beak as in solids. JSplasiiks — 
 Well spangled with white, and color of the variety 
 all over the body. Wing primaries and tail solid. 
 Beak as in solids. 
 
 Beak. — Close fitting, straight, of medium length. 
 
 Wattle. — Neat, fine in texture. 
 
 Skull. — Round, rather high in front. 
 
 Eye. — Pearl, centrally placed. 
 
 Cere.— Small, fine in texture. 
 
 Neck. — Medium length, broad at base, tapering to throat. 
 
 Body. — Short, stout and wedge shaped, prominent and wide 
 iji chest. 
 
 Flights. Closely set, short and cairied on the tail. 
 
 Tail. — Closely folded and wedge shape. 
 
 Legs. — Stout and well set, medium length. 
 
 Carriage. — Sprightly, upright, bold and jaunty. 
 
 Feather. — Clean, close and tight fitting. • 
 
 Disqualifications.— Dark or broken eyes, or feathers below 
 the hock. 
 
 
SCAXDAROOX. 
 
THE PIGEON STANDAHl). 
 
 THE SCANDAROON. 
 
 Size. — Decidedly large. 
 
 Skull.— Should be loiij]^, narrow and very arched from tlie 
 wattle to the back of the crauium. This arched 
 peculiarity is continued all along the surface of a 
 long, rather roovy wattle, and stout, long, beu: beak 
 both mandibles of which should curve well down- 
 wards, and be very close fitting; from the tip of the 
 beak to the back of the head at its juncture with the 
 neck it should present an elongated semi-circular 
 outline. 
 
 Eye.— The eye is surrounded by a fleshy, ruby-red cere; in 
 all whole or self colors, except whites, the iris should 
 be either pearl or orange in color; in whites and pied 
 specimens it should be black or 'bull-eyed." 
 
 Wattle. — Long and full, but not coarse or projecting beyond 
 the sweep of profile appertaining to the whole head- 
 piece. 
 
 Neck. — Long and slender, well scooped out at the throat and 
 rather arched or swan-like in carriage. 
 
 Shoulders.— Broad and flat. 
 
 Chest. — Wide and full but not prominent, the breast bone 
 straight and well developed. 
 
 Back.— Flat, slightly sloping downwards to the rump and 
 tail. 
 
 Wing" Butts. — Very stout, projecting beyond the chest, 
 coverts close set to the sides of the body. 
 
 Flights. — Rather short, stiong in shafts, tightly folded and 
 Carrie 1 up over rump, resting on extremities of tail. 
 
 Tail. — Rather short, narrow and carried well clear of the 
 flooi. 
 
 Legs. —Long and very muscular, the lower joints of the thigh 
 being distinctly visible when the bird is standing 
 upright. 
 
 Feathering. — On the neck, shoulders and thighs the feath- 
 ers should be close fitting, even to scantiness. 
 
 Colors. — All solid colors and pied. 
 
 Markings. — In p'ed varieties the lower part of the neck, the 
 breast, back, rump and tail, as also a saddle cut on 
 the top of the back across the shoulders, are all of 
 dark tints, the rest of the plumage being white in 
 Magpie fashion. The head and upper part of the 
 neck are also white, with the exception of two 
 "almond-shaped'' patches extending from the root 
 of the under mandible, widening lengthways below 
 the eye to the ear-holes. 
 
74 THE 1*IGE()N STANDAKl). 
 
 THE RUNT. 
 
 Size. — Should not measure less than twenty inches from the 
 tip of the beak to the end of the tail. A long, narrow 
 bird is most objectionable ; width and compass of 
 girth must be accompanying points. A Runt twenty 
 inches in length should measure in girth, i. e., around 
 the upper part of the body, at least fourteen inches. 
 
 Wings. — When stretched out to their full limit, should meas- 
 ure from tip to tip not less than thirty-six inches. 
 
 Head. — Of a very massive, dove-shaped character, with a 
 thick beak of proportionate length, rather downward 
 in tendency. 
 
 Wattle. — Almond-shaped, and, though full, not rough in 
 texture. 
 
 Eye Cere. — Fine and plum-colored, showing a healthy whit- 
 ish bloom. 
 
 Eye. — Rather sunken in the head, the iris should be either 
 silvery or golden red. 
 
 Neck. — Medium length, of cobby formation, well cut away 
 at the throat ; no display of anything tending to a 
 gullet. A wide, but not too prominent, chest is a 
 great feature of excellence. 
 
 Back. — Broad, rather "hog" shaped at the upper part, but 
 very flat as it approaches the rump. 
 
 Legs.— Rather short than long, in proportion to the size of 
 the bird, and be widely set apart. 
 
 Carriage. — Upright, not horizontal or "boaty." 
 
 Colors. - Blacks, reds, mealies, chequers, blues and silvers. 
 
 THE ENGLISH TRUMPETER. 
 
 The English Trumpeter is generally a pigeon of whole 
 color, whites, reds and yellows being the most found. They 
 have an upright carriage; the head is rather coarse Dove- 
 shaped; the eyes are black, bright orange qt pearl. At the 
 back of the head they have a beak crest, and just above the 
 wattle the feathers are reversed, bending towards the beak ; 
 this is called the tuft; the feet are heavily feathered, and the 
 hocks considerably booted. 
 
THE I'lGEOX STANDARD. 75 
 
 THE SUABIAN. 
 
 The <:^round color of its plumage is of a dark slate-like hue, 
 but each of the lesser soft feathers has a i>roj)ortiouately 
 large or small spot of silvery satiu-like tiuge at its edging, 
 giving to the whole body plumage a laced and watered-satiu 
 lustre. The minor flights should have a light satin oval 
 mark in the centre ; the major flight feathers are each tipped 
 with a white satin marking, being distinctly and separately 
 observable, even when the wing is closed. The tail is slate 
 colored, and has a distinct black bar at its tip. Some Suab- 
 ians are crested ; their feet antl legs are clear of all feathers 
 below the hocks. Carriage rather erect; neck slender. 
 
 THE HYACINTH. 
 
 Much resembles the Suabian in the ground color of its 
 plumage, but is rather spangled in arrow fashion than laced 
 on the shoulders; the spangling itself is of a bluish shade — 
 some specimens have an almond-yellow ground plumage on 
 the shoulders; the flights and tail are of a dark slate color; 
 tlie size of the Hyacinth is rather above the medium propor- 
 tion ; the legs are free from all feathering, and of a rich coral 
 color. Carriage rather erect; neck slender. 
 
 THE PORCELAIN. 
 
 Closely resembles the Hyacinth ; the neck, breast, rump, 
 and tail and flight feathers are rather darker, while the 
 shoulders, and especially the wing bars, are very much light- 
 er in ground; the bars are almost white, delicately edged 
 with a bluish-black fringe; the feet and legs are bright red 
 and free from all feathering. Carriage rather erect; neck 
 slender. 
 
 THE STARLING. 
 
 Very lustrous, almost black-bodied. A half moon-shaped 
 crescent marking en the breast of a light whitish-grey tinge, 
 very lightly spangled or flaked with reddish-black streaks. 
 The crown of the head and also the sides of the face are very 
 evenly streaked with brownish splash marks. The bars on 
 the vrings should be clear white, not at all broken or jagged 
 in edging ; the whole of the plumage should reflect a brilliant 
 lustre. The legs and feet are coral-color, and devoid of 
 feather. 
 
76 THE PIGEON STANDARD. 
 
 THE CRESCENT OR SWISS. 
 
 Closely resembles the Starling in shape and marking, with 
 the exception that the body ground is of a very pale ashy- 
 grey color; on the chest it has a rich brovm-red crescent, the 
 wing bars being of the same rich color, standing out very 
 distinctly from the ground color. Crescents are either plain 
 leg or booted. The beak is slender and of a pale brown color. 
 
 THE BLAZEFACE. 
 
 Of all colors, rich in lustre and generally clean legged; the 
 tail feathers from the rump downwards to the tips are snow 
 white, as are also the two wing bars; the rump and the 
 whole of the rest of the body are dark in color. 
 The blaze mark from v-'hich they derive their name consists 
 of a wtiU defined white oblong si)ot of feathers just over the 
 wattle, extending about a quarter of an inch in length, and 
 about one-eighth of an inch in width, exactly in the centre 
 of the forehead ; the beak is slender and dark in color. 
 
 THE FIRE PIGEON. 
 
 The Fire Pigeon much resembles the Blazeface in that it 
 has a similar white tail, and occasionally has also a like 
 white spot over the wattle. The whole of the body })lumage 
 is a spangled mixture of grizzled and laced dazzling rich red 
 spangling on a lustrous black underground; either grouse 
 muffed or feather legged. 
 
 THE HELMET. 
 
 The whole of the body coloring is white, with the exception 
 of the lower part of the rump and tail, and particularly the 
 crown of the head, which, at a direct line from the juncture 
 of the mandibles to the back of the skull drawn just across 
 the lower eyelid, should be dark in color, forming a helmet- 
 like covering to the head. These helmet and tail markings 
 are of all colors and shades. The Helmet is a clean-legged 
 pigeon. The under mandible of the beak should be white 
 like the body color, the upi)er mandible should be dark in 
 shade according to the color of the helmet marking; eyes 
 should be silvery white. 
 
 THE SPOT. 
 
 The Spot resembles the Helmet in all points but two — the 
 eyes of Spots are generally bull or black ; the head, or rather 
 face marking, should not in size, extending from the wattle, 
 be much larger than a large pea; it should also be as round 
 as possible. Si)Ots are generally clean legged, but, if foot 
 feathered, the latter should be of the same color as the tail 
 and spot marking. 
 
THE PIGEON STANDAKD. 
 
 THe ICE PIGHON. 
 
 Some are K])angled on a very pale bine gronnd, others are 
 laced, some neither the one nor tlie (^thor; but in all ca^-es 
 the wing bars are very gracefully edged wiih a black or blue 
 trimming. The Hight and tail feathers arc more or less dark, 
 with a dark bar across the tip of the tail. The eyes are liery 
 red, surrounded by the thlniust of eye ceres: the beak is 
 slender and jet black. The Ice pigeon is sr-ometimes clean 
 legged, sometimes heavily foot fcaihered. 
 THE PRIEST. 
 
 In plumage the ground color i^ of all f-hades, the blue be- 
 ing most common, but redf, blacks, yellows and silvers are 
 frequently met with, and now and again very prettily spangled 
 and chequer-shoulder specimens are seen. The markings 
 consist of white skulls or "pales;" the line of separation 
 between the body color and the crown of the head is from a 
 point where the mandibles meet, passing in clean-cut fashion 
 on a line with the lower part of the eye cere, and rising to 
 the base of the crown of the head at the back. The ujiper 
 mandible is white, the under one of a dark color. The wing- 
 bars in all colors are snow white, in some specimens the bar 
 acroi-s the tip of the tail is also white. The Priest is shell- 
 crested, the shell extending from ear to ear; the eyes are 
 black or "bull eyed;" it is grouse muffed on the legs to the 
 instep of the foot. The principal feature of the Priest is, 
 however, its nayal iiifi ; this is a cluster of feathers just over 
 the wattle, growing the reverse way to those of any other 
 variety of pigeons: these feathers are long, very soft, and 
 curl close and tightly above each other. 
 THE LATZ. 
 
 The I.atz has a shell crest; it is white in body plumage, 
 with the exception of the head, bib, chest and tail, which, 
 are black, red or yellow, etc. The most remarknble feature 
 of the Latz is the possession of a long chain of loose reveised 
 feathers extending from the crest down each side of the neck; 
 the eyes are pearl colored, and the feet free from feathering. 
 THE TIGER. 
 
 The reason for its ferocious name is its striped plumage 
 30vering. Foot feathering is very profuse, some of the longer 
 feathers measuring fully live inches, and evenly overla])])iiig 
 each other. Lines of dark feathers should spread in niure or 
 less regular formation all over the white ground color; the 
 tiijiht feathers, both lesser and major, as well as those of the 
 taU, should be alternately white and dark in shade, tliis 
 arrangement of color extending especially to the foot feath- 
 ering. Tigers are shell crested. 
 
 Urf4 
 
78 THE PIGEON .STANDAJ'J). 
 
 THE FRILLBACK. 
 
 It is dove headed, thin iu eye cere aud wattle, slender in 
 beak, cobby in build; but very evenly grouse muffed on the 
 legs, aud ])ossesses a most remarkable arrangement of evenly 
 reversed feathers all over the wing covering and saddle of 
 the back; these feathers increase in the amount of frilling 
 from the shoulders to the coverts of the lesser flights, in the 
 former evenly arranged curls falling one over the other in 
 most symmetrical fashion. Frillbacks are of all colors, from 
 pure whites to jet blacks. 
 
 THE SPOT SWALLOW. 
 
 Similarly marked on the wings and flights to the Swallow* 
 but no dark feathers covering the crown of the head. It has 
 a spot or "snip" of black or dark shaded feathers over the 
 waitle on the front of the face, instead of the "cap" covering 
 the head. In addition to the shoulders being of dark color, 
 the whole of the lengthy foot feathering should also be of the 
 siune color as the shoulder marking. Of whatever shoulder 
 color Spot Swallows may be, the wing bars, excejjting those 
 with spangled shoulders, must be snow white and very clearly 
 defined in bar edging. Some are spangled or laced on the 
 wing coverts ; if so, the flight feathers should each be tip])ed 
 with an oval white spot. The eyes are daik in color, and 
 the upper mandible either black or horn color, according to 
 the lighter or darker shade of the wing color plumage. 
 
 THE SHIELD. 
 
 Its shoulder covering should be dark in color, on an other- 
 wise completely white-feathered body. The Shield is shell 
 crested and possesses a wonderful amount of foot feathering, 
 white in color, very lengthy in i)roportion, and regularly 
 overlapping one feather over the other. 
 
 THE FLO:^ENTINE. 
 
 Very long in legs, short in toes, long and swan-like even 
 to excess in neck, and short and cocked in tail, like Jcni;y 
 Wren, short and roundish in body, and very prominent iu 
 chest, rather coarse shaped and long in head and beak ; the 
 flight feathers are short and carried well over the rump to- 
 wards the uprising tail; in plumage it is of all colors, though 
 whole whites, blacks and mottled blacks are the most com- 
 mon. They sometimes have a peculiar distorted and tremu- 
 ous action. 
 
THE PIGEOX STANDARD. 79 
 
 THE SWIFT. 
 
 Head is rather round and full; the beak short and stout; 
 the eyes of a deep red color; the throat is devoid of all 
 appearance of a gullet; the neck is thick and cobby, supjjurt- 
 ed by broad shoulders and a prominent, full chest; the back 
 is long and flat; the space from the surface of the back to 
 the front end of the breast-bone or keel shows a considerable 
 depth, the breast-bone being rather long and very straight. 
 The thighs are strong and muscular. In color, Swifts are of 
 an ashy powdery shade from the base of the neck downwards; 
 the neck itself is very lustrous, and varies in richness of color 
 from almond to dun tints, in proportion as the body is of 
 dark ashy htie or of pale silvery dun tint. 
 
 THE DAMASCENE. 
 
 In size and structure it greatly resembles the English Owl. 
 Its head is round, rather short and full in front; the beak is 
 short, thick and black; the upper mandible being slightly 
 curved; the eye is rather centrally placed, and is of a deei) 
 gravel coU»r. surrounded by a thin very dark eye cere, even 
 of a dark daiusou tinge. In plumage, the outer surface pre- 
 sents a clear, light, silvery-blue shade, extending from the 
 head all over the neck, back, shoulder.-, chest, belly, thi|)hs 
 and rump, the tail having a deep black bar at its tip, and the 
 shoulders having two very distinct ebony bars, the flights 
 being also as nearly black as possible. The flight feathers 
 are moderately long, as is also the tail. The Damascene has 
 a gullet but no frill. 
 
 THE DEWLAP. 
 
 It is generally of blue ground color; black barred on wings 
 and tail; in build rather cobby, like the English Owl, but 
 somewhat larger in size; it should have rather a stout, short 
 beak and gravel colored eyes. Its most striking point is its 
 enormous gullet, which extends from the immediate base ot 
 the under mandible fully one inch in length down towards 
 the breast; it is also much deeper than that of ordinary 
 gulleted pigeons. The markings consist of a white narrow 
 snip of feathers like that of the "Blazeface,'* just over the 
 wattle, and of two triangular white patches on either side ot 
 the neck, about three-quarters of an inch below the eyes. 
 The ten major flight feathers are also white. The whole of 
 the rest of the body plumage is of one color excepting the 
 bars in blues and silvers. The upper mandible should be ati 
 near white as possible, the under one black. The legs arc 
 devoid of all feathers below the hock joints, and should l>i; 
 verv coral-red in color. 
 
80 'L'UK PUiKoN STANDAKl). 
 
 THE CAPUCHIN. 
 
 llather small iu bodily proportions, erect and sprightly in 
 carriage. Broad shell crest at the back of the head extend- 
 ing from ear to ear, but fitting very closely, compactly and 
 evenly to the skull. The head is round and full ni the front; 
 the beak short and of moderate substance, and bhick in col- 
 or; the wattle is white and line in texture ; the eye cere is 
 thin and dark in color; the iris of the eye is of the most 
 silvery white. The whole of the body plumage is of the must 
 lustrous dark shade, generally of ebony black, with the ex- 
 ception of the tail and tail coverts, from a line clean cut at 
 the base of the rump, which to the tip of the feathers should 
 be of the purest white. Besides all whole colors there are 
 also barred blues and silvers. 
 
 THK MOOKEE. 
 
 Is a pigeon of peculiar bodily action ; the head and neck 
 are in constant motion. With the excepcion of the crown of 
 the head, extending from tlie juncture of the maiKlibles in a 
 straight line wiih the eyes to the back of the cranium, which 
 is white, and the tw() or three extreme flight feathers, which 
 are also white, the whole body of the Muokee is generally of 
 lustrous black or red ground color; the carriage is erect, the 
 back of the head ornamented with a very close fitting pointed 
 peak; the eyes arc black, the upper mandible of the beak 
 should be white, the lower one black. 
 
 THE ANCIENT. 
 
 In flight it has the action of the Tumbler; in motion it has 
 a slight vibration of the neck, as the Fantail ; in skull forma- 
 tion it has the frontal of the Turbit; in beak it has an ap- 
 proach to the substance of the Owl; in eye cere it has the 
 red fleshy substance of the Barb; in iris it equals the bright- 
 ness of the Cumulet; in foot feathering it vies with tln^ 
 choicest of Oriental Frills; in marking it is as evenly pied 
 and cut as the Magpie; in bib or crescent it is as distinctly 
 oval marked as the Pouter is crescent shaped; iu depth and 
 lustre of neck, chest, saddle, rump and tail color it ai)proaches 
 the Archangel; in body structure and uprightness of carriage 
 it is as compact as the Homer; in hardness and closeness of 
 feather second not even to the choicest Dragoon ; iu constitu- 
 tion as hardy as a Rock ; in disposition as merry as a Cropper. 
 It is found in all colors. 
 
1ln^cI. 
 
 African Owl, 
 
 Archangel, 
 
 Antwerp, 
 
 Ancient, 
 
 Barb, 
 
 Brunette, 
 
 Bluette, 
 
 Blondinette, 
 
 Blazeface, 
 
 Cropper. Norwich 
 
 Clean Leg; Tumbler, 
 
 Carrier, 
 
 Chinese Owl, 
 
 Crescent, 
 
 Capuchin, 
 
 Dragoon, 
 
 Domino, 
 
 Damascene, 
 
 Dewlap, 
 
 English Carrier, 
 
 English Owl, 
 
 Fantail, 
 
 Fairy Swallow, 
 
 Flying Homer, 
 
 Fire Pigeon, 
 
 Frillback, 
 
 Florentine, 
 
 Homer, Flying 
 
 Homer, Show 
 
 Hyacinth, 
 
 Helmet, 
 
 Ice Pigeon, 
 
 Jacobin, 
 
 liatz. 
 
 Magpie, 
 
 Mufeed Tumbler, 
 
 Mookee, 
 
 Page. 
 50 
 59 
 68 
 80 
 39 
 54 
 54 
 
 5()-57 
 76 
 7 
 19 
 35 
 51 
 76 
 80 
 41 
 56 
 79 
 79 
 35 
 49 
 
 27-34 
 45 
 68 
 7() 
 7s 
 7^ 
 58 
 66 
 75 
 76 
 77 
 9 
 
 77 
 11 
 21 
 .SO 
 
lln&ei:. 
 
 Norwich Cropper, 
 
 Nun, 
 
 Owl, Engli&h 
 
 Owl. African 
 
 Owl, Chinese 
 
 Oriental Frills, 
 
 Oriental Turbits, 
 
 Pouter, 
 
 Pigmy Pouter, 
 
 Pouter, Bruner 
 
 Parlor Tumbler, 
 
 Porcelain, 
 
 Priest, 
 
 Runt, 
 
 ►Short Face Tumbler, 
 
 Swallow, 
 
 Satinette, 
 
 Sulphurette, 
 
 Silverette, 
 
 Show Homer, 
 
 Scandaroon, 
 
 Suabian, 
 
 Starling, 
 
 Swiss. 
 
 Spot, 
 
 Spot Swallow, 
 
 Shield, 
 
 Swift, 
 
 Tumbler, Short Face 
 
 Tumbler, Clean Leg 
 
 Tumbler, Muffed 
 
 Tumbler, Parlor 
 
 Tippler, 
 
 Turbiteen, 
 
 Trumpeter, Russian 
 
 Trumpeter, English 
 
 Tiger, 
 
 Vizor, 
 
The Latest 
 
 Diseases of Pigeons. 
 
 BY J. A. SUMMERS. 
 
 This work treats on every disease that Pigeons are heir to, 
 
 giving an exhaustive description of symptoms 
 
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 This is the Most Reliable and Only Work of 
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 B 
 
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