r ^y r) I ? F 124 .018 Copy 1 Ar^ (JI^NCE. J' t '^IS ^M ^.>- r^l TEACHERS .'A '^'i.^ /V ^ s~L (^ Q^ Copyright, 1895, bv Dimitl James Sheeliv O'Coniiell. ,7<^ us^-~ •F?OOT & KEATING -BUIUDING PUBLISHERS OF THE GREATESl SCTENTIFW WORK OF THE AGE A BOOK OF 400 PAGES, PROVING THE EARTH TO BE FLAT. ENDORSED BY THE ABLEST SCIENTISTS, CHALLENGING ANY PROFESSOR TO YET PRODUCE THE FIRST MATTER-OF-FACT PROOF TO THE CONTRARY. THIS WORK REFUTES EVERY OPPOSITION THEORY, AND IS ACCOMPANIED BY A RICHLY COLORED MAP 15x22, DESTINED TO BECOME THE STANDARD MAP OF OUR SCHOOL SYSTEM. PRICE FOR BOOK AND MAP $1. ''NEW YORK STATE." Originally the heritage of the Iroquois or Five Na- tions is bounded on the north by the river Saint BouNDARiFS Lawrence and Lake Ontario, east by Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut, south by the At- lantic Ocean, New Jersey and Pennsylvania and west by Lake Erie and the Niagara River. Length from east to west ( Long Island included) CoMPARiTivri Size 412 miles; extreme breadth 31 1 miles, area 49,170 IN Europe. square miles — united areas Holland, Belgium and Greece. Population about 7,000,000. Maratime and Extent of Coast Line (Long Island included) 246 Lake Extent, miles; of Lake Shore 352 miles. Agriculture forms the staple wealth of the state — Agricultural the valleys of the Mohawk, tha Seneca and the Districts. Genesee being among the most fertile tracts in the Union in point of adaptation to cereal production. ^Manufactures are most extensive embracing every Manufactures, branch of mechanical industry — estimated to aver- age an annual value of 1750,000,000. Among the great public works belonging to the Public Works state are the Erie, Champlain and Oswego Canals, besides several inland artificial watercourses aggre- gating in the whole a length of about 900 miles. ^, , The climate though healthy, is severe in the north, v^LIMATE. i^y^ j^-ijjji jj^ ^Y\e south. Winters about the same as Sweden in Europe. Remarkable for the beautiful scenery of its lakes. Physical Feat- rivers and waterfalls. Excells in the value of its URES, farms and manufactures; also in the quantity of butter, cheese and hay produced. Popularly styled "The Empire State" being the most important, most populous and industrial State in the Union. \uc^r'r^ Cash capital paid in 561 banks and 16 trust com- WRALTH. panies 1224,552,660. Cheese aiifl butter making form an important and Rural Industry, lucrative element of rural industry; wool and hops leading items of production. CHIEF CITIES. The Legislative Capital since 1797 celeVirated for its Library and Educational Establishments: — The Albany. 97,120. University, Dudley Observatory &c. (W.B.Hudson.) Has extensive manufactures of iron and hollow ware, malt, leather, coaches &c. formerly called "Fort Orange" by the Dutch in 1623. The Metropolitan Capital is the largest and most commercial city in the Union, being the American emporium of political, social, monetary and conmiercial life. Its industry consists of extensive conmierce with all the chief ports of the world, manufacturers of steam machinery, shipbuilding, clothing &c. The streets are wide, public build- ings elegant, shops and hotels exquisite. INIost New York notable public buildings include the City Hall, ,, ' Court House, Stock Exchange, Custom House, 1,^01,740. p^^^ Office, U. S. Sub Treasury Building, National Manhattan Island. Academy of Design, Metropolitan Mu.seum of Art, ( The original Dix- Museum of Natural History, Saint Patrick's Roman evsLand.) Catholic Cathedral, Grace and Trinity Episcopal Churches. Latitude 40° 42' 43'' north, Longitude 74° o^ 3'' West Greenwich. Rlean Winter Temper- ature 30°, Mean Summer Temperature 71°, Mean Annual Temperature 51° — same as Philadelphia, London, Paris and Vienna. Average annual rain- fall 44 inches. Distance to Albany 145 miles, Boston 217 miles, Philadelphia 89 miles, Washington 22S miles. Taken by the British 1776. Evacuated 1783, Styled the ' City of Churches" is the principal naval station and has a white marble City Hall. Brooklyn, The Polytecnic Institute and Adelphi Academy are QS" i6'; well worthy of note. Ranks among the first cities IT \ '" the Union in the extent and diversity of its man- (LONG ISLAND.) ufacturing interests. Settled in 1625 by Huguenots from the French Netherlands. Greenwood Ceme- tery here situated vies with the finest of its kin4 in the country. One of the chief grain emporiums of the U. S. and a great railway centre, is noted for its handsome parks, fine public buildings and charitable institu- tions, excellent schools and elegant private man- sions. The leading industries are railroad car l)uilding, car wheels, agricultural, surgical and dental instruments, engines and boilers, soap, boots Buffalo, 335.7 io, ^^^(\ shoes, flour, furniture, ship building and elec- (Lake Erie. ) trical appliances, Its electrotyping establishments vie with the finest in the country. The growth of this city is truly phenomenal. A trappers settle- ment in 1795; a village in 1804; taken and burnt bv the British Troops in 1S12; a city in 1832. Pop- uiarlv stvled "The Queen City of the Lakes". Latitude 42° 53^ north. Longitude 78° 55^ west. Rochester, 135.320, (Genesee River. With a Uuiversitv, Theological Seminary and a State Industrial School is the chief seat of the U.S. flouring trade. Its manufactures of woolen, cotten goods, leather and iron are quite extensive. Near here was born Mr. J. L.McCreery the Gifted Author and Sweet Poet in 1835. Is engaged in the manufacture of agricultural instruments, carriages &c. Seatof a United States Syracuse, Arsenal also the New^ York State Asylum for Idiots. 100,180. Its salt .springs which are of some note have been known since 1788. Troy, 60,960 (Hudson.) The seat of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute is noted for its extensive laundries, shirt factories, iron and steel works, locomotive engine factories &c. Ranks first in the production of stoves UTic\ so 000 The seat of the State Lunatic Asylum, carries on [Mohawk Riven] ^ l^^g^ trade in cheese. BiNGHAMTON, >^Toted for its boot and shoe factories, manufactures 38,620, ^j farming implements &c., carries on an active [Chenango and Sus ^^^^^ -^^ j.^j„ a„,| lumber, quehannah Rivers] Long Island City Has extensive oil refineries, lumber yards, terra 38,000. cotta works &c besides several large piano factories. ^ A fine and flourishing citv, has extensive breweries JiLMiRA, 36,420, ^j^^j j^^j^j^gj.jgg The seat of a Female College and [Chemung River.] ^ g^^^^ Reformatorv. YoNKKRS, 32,050, Is engaged in the manufacture of carpets, ribbons [E. B. Hudson'.] and felthats. With a Theological College and a State Prison is Auburn, 24,740, engaged in carpet making, agricultural instrument [Near Owasco L 1 manufactures &c. Its limestone quarries are favorably known. Trades in lumber and farm produce. Washington 's NKWBURG, 23, 100, j,g3f| quarters for a considerable time during the [W, B. Hudson.] Revolutionary period. Seat of a State Normal School, has the largest Oswego, 23,070, starch factory in the world. Birth place of Mrs. [Oswego River.] Barnes, the Educator and Historian, in 1850. Has an extensive trade in coal. Schenectady, The Seat of Union University is noted foritsexten- 22,860 sive locomotive works. The scene of a horrible [S.B.MohawkRiv.] massacre, 1690 PouGHKEEPSiE Has extensive iron furnaces and foundries. The 2?, 2 10, seat of Vassar College and other important educa- (E. BrHudson.) tional institutions. Jamestown, a favorite summer resort carries on an active trade 2i,otK), in farm and dairy produce and has some extensive (Chautauqua L.) cotton mills, Amsterd.\m, »,,,,., , • c . r jt.. Noted for its extensive manufactures of carpets, Mohawk River t>roonis, and has some extensive knitting mills. LOCKPORT, 18,000. Noted for its flour, lumber, cotton and wollen (Erie Canal.) manufactures. WateRTOWN, Is principally engaged in the manufacture of .steam 17.C ■ (Black 17,000, engines and railroad supplies, farming implements ack River. 1 and metal work. ROMK, 15.000, Noted for its extensive knitting mills and locomo- ( Mohawk. ) tive factories. Glover-sville, 14.700 Has extensive glove, mitten and leather nianu- ( Fulton Co. ) factures. MiDDLKTOVVN, . 14 000 ^^ ^^^^ centre of a rich stock raising and dair\- dis- (OrangeCo. ) ^rict. HoRNKI,LSVILr.K, , • , ^ ■, , • i • 1 , ' An important railway centre is extensively engaged r,, • if'"' Ti'- 1 in t^he manufacture of l)raided wire. [Canisteo River.] Ithica, 13,460, The seat of Cornell ITiiiversity is an important [Cayuga Inlet.] railroad centre, with quite an active commerce. Oguensburg, Carries on an extensive trade in flour, lumber 12.000, ^ and grain. [St Lawrence Riv.] ^ Dunkirk, I2,ocki, A flourishing town and port of entry in Chautau- [Lake Erie.] qua Co. Has extensive iron works. OlEAN, 12,000, Qjjiefiy noted as an iiiiporlant railroad centre. [Alleghany Riv.] GlEN,s Falls, With extensive milling business is the chief cheese 1 1,000, market of the United States and has black marble Upper Hudson, quarries of some note in the vicinity. Corning, ii,ooo, Is engaged in Hk- iiianufaclure of glassware. Us [Chenuuig River.] coal and lumber trade is quite extensive. l'l.ATTSBURG, ,,,.^, ^ ^ , , , • , ■ ., , jQ Q2S With a state nornuil school is engaged m the lum. LLakeChamplain.] '^^^ «"f^ iron industry. rTonawan'da Crk.'] ^^^^ '^^ State Institution for Blind. Hudson, 10,000, A handsome city noted for its steam engines and Hudson River. paper car-wheel manufactures. Johnstown, 9,000, ^^ , , , . , , . Br.of Mohawk Riv. ^oted for its glove an