•*^^o^ %,^^ .^^\ %/ ^^-^^- -^ o^^-^^-^R .^•n... '^^ • '^ * • •» /.. v^-/ \'^\/ v^^V \*^ ^"•'t.. -^ "^o^ ^^ **Tr; V 'i^ •" A*^ ... ^^ .-^^^ °o ,/\.j|i^'.V oO^.>^^*-o ./\.a^'.--^. V 0^ ^^ '... .•^-^ .^•n.^. ^.^ \.*" -'^ ^o.. .w^\-^^%v c°\**>^%"- .^^\-^t%. c^/; DH-' / p. Conrjressional (j&mmittses. 13Ap'03 •'?v / Seattle ...and the... Orient. Souvenir Editicn. Cbe Seattle Daily times CONTAINING the past and present of Seattle, showing how very consid- erable its many manufacturing interests have become and the importance and standing of its wholesale trade. The range of subjects taken up embrace every- thing in relation to Seattle, from its location on Elliott Bay to its desirability as a resi- dence city. Its Illustrations show its harbor, its shipping, its principal manufacturing concerns, wholesale houses, street scenes; also its parks, lakes and suburban lines. The lumbering as carried on in Western Washington is given very particular atten- tion and in addition to showing the large mills, many scenes of logging camps are presented. The contents include Seattle's varied resources, from the virgin gold of Alaska to its coal mines near at home, from its fish supply to its farm products. EDITED AND COMPILED BY ALFRED D. BOWEN. Published by THE TIMES PRINTING CO. Seattle, Wash,, U, S, A, 1900, PRICE 25 CENTS. ^ INTRODUCTION. *-^*S^"^5«-* Y waj' of introduction the writer desires to state that "Seattle and the Orient" is published to act as an opening wedge into a country up to this time very little known to people resid- ing upon Puget Sound. It is for the purpose of introducing ourselves to the people doing business in Siberia, China, Japan, the China Archipelago, the Philippines and Hawaii, and to eventually open a way by which closer trade relations may be promoted, that this book has been published. The subjects treated are in no instance overdrawn, but are secured by direct contact with the people interested, and are plain matter of fact statements of affairs as they exist in Seattle and in Western Washington. The illustra- tions shown are the best procurable, and will afford the reader a fair idea of what can be found in the metropolis of America's great Mediterranean. Such a showing as the following pages make cannot help but impress even the most casual observer that Seattle has a future before it of very great mag- nitude. Unquestionably it is destin- ed to become the largest city upon the Pacific Coast. It has every material advantage to make it so- it has almost every imaginable resource upon which to draw for support; it is the center of one of the greatest lumbering sections in the world; it 'has inexhaustible coal mines; it is the central point from which the gold fields of Alaska and the British Northwest Territory are reach- ed; it is practically the center of all the mineral wealth of the Northwest; and it is moreover the natural geo- graphical entrepot for the great Ori- ental markets, a fact which in time will make it the greatest shipping port in the United States. An attempt has been made to enumerate its varied re- sources in succeeding pages, and a story has been told which will prove 'both interesting and instructive. It has been the aim of the writer to take up the industrial side of Seattle and portray a condition as near the actual as possible. The information in all cases has been received from direct in- terviews by those actively engaged. The same thing can be said of its whole- sale and jobbing houses, and of its banking interests and financial affairs. Very great care has been exercised in all cases to avoid anything which would look like exaggeration, and it is hoped that whoever may peruse this volume may form a pleasing opinion of it. In handling the matter Which goes to make up this ibook, the various sub- jects have been sub-divided and classed under appropriate headings, and the aim has been to make each article as pointed and as terse as possible. The pictures from which illustrations have been made have, in most instances, been taken expressly for this publica- tion and are from subjects selected by the publisher. The Seattle Daily Times takes no little pride in being able to present to the public a volume of so much general merit as is possess- ed in this one. Were it not for the general enterprise of the people who make up its inhabitants, it would be impossible to make such a showing as has been made, but the Seattle spirit naturally predominates and the result shows for itself. At no time in its history has Seattle grown so rapidly as it is growing now. New packing houses, new sawmills, machinery houses, planing mills, and other establishments that employ a greater or less number of men, are being built, and a general air of im- provement prevails on all sides. The city as a municipality is not behind in the general march of improvement, for it has commenced on a very exten- sive scale very considerable street im- provements and work of this character, all of which adds to the steadily ad- vancing progress. There can be no doubt but that Se- attle will continue its steady growth for a great many years. ^ ^ a; SEATTLE ^^ a; ITS PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE, By ALDEN J, BLETHEN Editor in Chief, Seattle Daily Times, HEN William Henry Seward, as Secretary of State for the United States of America, pur- chased Alaska in 1867— a territory containing nearly six hundred thousand square miles and extending from the Arctic Ocean to Dixon's Entrance, at 54 de- grees and 40 minutes north latitude, where the boundary line between the United States and Canada should have been established — there was scarcely a hamlet on Elliott Bay, where now sits enthroned a magnificent young Giantess — the "Queen City of the Mediterranean" of the Pacific — "Se- attle," with her one hundred thousand energetic, pushing, rushing, throbbing and enthusiastic people! In 1869, when this same great states- man determined to visit the southern portion of the mighty domain wherein his prophetic vision had discovered untold wealth in mineral deposits, and had passed through Seattle on his way, there were not a dozen houses, only a few shops, and a very common "land- ing" to be found at "the port" named after the leader of a great Indian tribe. But in spite of the insignificance of the "hamlet," fhe obscurity of the "port," the paucity of population and the absence of all railway facilities, the former great Secretary went to Alaska— not by way of the Golden Gate, as many foolish men have since done, but by the way of Seattle — and the great American people as well as many foreigners are following suit to- day, for more than one hundred thou- sand gold miners have passed and re- passed its gates since the discovery of gold in the Northwest Teriitory, and later in Southern Alaska, in the lower valleys of the Yukon 'and along the Bering Sea shore — especially at Cape Nome, Cape York and Cape Prince of "Wales. 8 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. Even after Henry Villard had suc- ceeded in driving tlie "golden spike" that completed a transcontinental rail- way line to the Pacific Coast — SeaJttle had but ten thousand people — but even then she had shipyards, foundries, naachine shops, sawmills, lumber yards, breweries and manufactories of furni- ture, carriages, crackers, barrels, boxes, cigars and medicines. The Seattle of 1900, however, not only has all those industries, multipli- ed and intensified a thousandfold, but she has increased her population "ten times" in the seventeen years which have intervened. To demonstrate the former point we need only point out the fact that there are four thousand firms engaged in business in this city, representing two hundred and fifty dif- ferent lines of 'business — and that in many lines there is absolutely no com- petition, while in other lines competi- tors multiply and increase into the hundreds. The Seattle of today is the commer- cial metropolis of Puget Sound— a great arm of the ocean, which extends up from Cape Flattery, through the Straits of Juan de Fuca to Olympia, the capital of the commonwealth, for a distance of three hundred miles — and has no rival either along this magnifi- cent body of inland water, nor along the entire Coast — 'and with no possi- bility of any rival north of San Francisco, a thousand miles away to the South, in the next hundred years. To understand what it means to be the metropolis of a commonwealth like Washington — both from the standpoint of commerce and population— one needs only to remem'ber the immense possibilities of this great state when the products of the mines, the soil, the forests and the sea be taken into con- sideration. The area of Washington represents sixty-nine thousand square miles— with a population of six hundred thousand souls. The state is divided into three great climatic belts and real- ly has but two seasons — the "rainy'* and the "dry" — wherein the thermome- ter rarely exceeds 70 above in summer nor 28 above in winter. On the Pacific Coast the rainfall frequently reaches one hundred and twenty-five inches per annum, while a fall of sixty-five inches occurs in the Puget Sound coun- try and about fifteen inches in the great plateau lying between the Cas- cade Mountains and the Rockies, and known as "Eastern Washington." When one considers that the mineral deposits of Northern and Eastern Washington — consisiting of gold, silver, copper,lead and coal.are to be found in greater quantities and in richer veins than in any other state of the nation, he may begin to calculate the vastness of the wealth from these sources alone. In the judgment of experts, there are copper mines in the Cascades that will exceed the famous Anaconda mine of Montana, and gold and silver deposits to be found in the great coun- ties of New Whatcom and Okanogan, whic'h will eclipse the famous mines of Cripple Creek in Colorado. In the matter of coal, in quantity the deposit is almost inexhausti- ble, and the quality is not equaled west of the coal fields of Pennsylvania. When one considers that Southern Cal- ifornia has an excess of iron ore and no coal, w'hile Washington has an abundance of coal, but little iron yet discovered, the opportunities for the opening up of great steel and iron manufactories in Seattle, by exchang- ing Washington coal for California iron ore, will be apparent, and one would scarcely dare to place a limit thereto. Taking up the item of lumber — let the world gaze on these figures: The State of Washington has thirty-five counties — and in every one there is a great growth of timber yet uncut. SEATTLE AND THE ORIIvNT. While some counties contain less than a '"billion feet," these counties tell their own tales: Clallam, Snohom- ish and Whatcom over 25,000,000,000 each— Lewis 30,000,000,000— Jefferson 32.000,000,000. and Che'halis alone 39.- 000,000.000 — making one grand aggre- gate in the entire thirty-five counties of the Commonwealth of "five hundred billion feet" of merchantable lumber! Who dares put a value to the timber interests of Washington? Lumber to- nearly "five billion" feet, in which were included more than 212,000.000 feet of timber and over 3,451,000,000 shingles. Coming to the product of the soil of the great Commonwealth of Wash- ington, there is probably no other state in the Union that touches it in diver- sification and quality when the fruit product be added to the agricultural. No such potatoes, squashes, melons. New England pumpkins, to say noth- ing of carrots, turnips and beets, were Railroad Avende. day may be worth $12 a thousand, but who 'Will say what it will be worth in twenty-five years from today, when the timber interests of this great Common- wealth will be in full flow of commer- cial demand? It will not be out of place to say here briefly that a vast number of lumber mills have been erected and are in ac- tive operation throughout the Puget Sound country, and that the cut for 1899 reached the enormous figures of ever turned out of any soil — and when one comes to the farm gardening, in- volving strawberries, currants, goose- berries, raspberries, cherries, pears, plums and peaches, one may travel a million miles and never see the "quan- tities" nor taste "flavor" like that of the products of Washington. Strawberries that grow as large as tomatoes in Eastern States, have the flavor of the field strawberry of New England. The peaches of the North lO SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. Yakima district, which is only a typi- cal belt, lying between the great mountain ranges of the Cascades and the Rockies, have never been qualed upon the Pacific Coast. Michigan nor Massachusetts jiever exceeded Wash- ington in the quality of her apples, nor came within a gunshot of her pears and plums. We believe it to be no exaggeration to say that Washington furnishes op- portunities for a population of ten millions of people — every one of whom could be actively employed, before her vast resources would be covered, and that it would take a thousand years to exhaust them all. But it is not alone in the mines, where men dig for the precious metals — and that mineral which helps heat and light our homes and becomes a part of the piower which makes our industries possible — but out of Puget Sound, the greatest inland sea of salt water bounded by any portion of the American continent, and along the shores of the Pacific Ocean, which forms the western boundary of the •commonwealth, is to be found a never ending source of wealth — ^the "fishing industries" that have made both Sound and Coast famous throughout the world. And it will be proper to state here that, because of the extraordinary tem- perature of the Pacific Ocean and the mountain streams in this latitude, the finest quality of fish which the oceans of the earth produce, are caught out of the fresh water streams and lakes of Washington and taken from Puget Sound and the Pacific Coast, lying within the limits and boundaries of this state. In the fresh water streams may be found abundance of the speckled sal- mon trout — and from the salt water is obtained the halibut, the salmon, the cod, the mackerel, as well as a crab of great size and most delicious fiavor. to say nothing of oysters w'hich even rival the blue points of the Atlantic, — and from this great variety there was packed in the canneries of Washington alone last year, more than a "million cases" of salmon — and all were gath- ered within the short season of July, August and September, which repre- sent the months in which these fishes "run." Of the future of Seattle we consider ourselves wholly unable to speak. To an optimistic mind there opens up a vision of the future, ladened with a wealth of natural and artificial pro- ducts, a golden harvest of metals, and a commercial trade with five hundred million people, who inhabit nations whose boundaries touch the other side of the Pacific waters, that are so start- ling in the commercial values which will represent them in the next fif- ty years, that to state what ithe proba- bilities really are would be to use such terms as would lead the ordinary reader to believe that the author had really "gone mad" on the future growth of this commonwealth, and the possibilities of its metropolitan city. Therefore, suffice it to say, that if in the period intervening 'between 1848 — when gold was first discovered in Cal- ifornia — and its semi-centennial anni- versary in 1898, there were taken from the bowels of the earth in that state more than a "thousand million of dol- lars," the indications are that more than three times that amount of the shining metal will be taken from Alaska and the State of Washington in the period of time that will elapse be- tween 1900 and 1950. Gold, to any considerable extent, was not really discovered in the Northwest Pacific country, bordering on the Arctic Ocean, until 1897 — yet since that time more than "one hundred mil- lions" of gold have been dug out of the earth in Southern Alaska and the Northwest Territory, whose center is SRATTI.E AND THE ORIENT. II Dawson city, the valleys of the Yukon and along the Alaskan shores of Be- ring Sea — of which more than nineteen millions have been brought to the Government Assay Oflfice in Seattle alone, within a period of eighteen months prior to September 1, 1899! From all these evidences we do not commercial trade from every point of the vast Pacific, including the Hawaii- an Islands, the Philippine possessions, the mighty trade of the Alaskan Coast — combined with the trade of China, Japan, Korea and Russia — will all have aggregated a tonnage and a value that will place Seattle among all the cities '.^-v.-f- SoME Views of Seattle. believe that we shall prove to be a false prophet when we predict that be- fore the year 1925 shall have been reached the population of Seattle will have passed the half millionth point, the Commonwealth as a whole the three millionth mark — and that the of America next to New York as commercial seaport. A BIT OF HISTORY, •»-^^»f^*^5«S-«- Seattle is not an old town; in fact, in writing a bit of history regarding this phenomenally prosperous and flourishing city of the year 1900, one has only to look back fifty years to see an absolute wilderness on the spot where this city now stands. The flrsit settlement made on Elliott Bay was in 1851. The first white man who settled here was D. T. Denny, who in September of that year located a claim on the east side of the bay, and in the spring of 1852 built a cabin and moved his family here. Among other pioneers who first 'buildt cabins and star'ted a settlement in what is now Seattle were W. N. Bell, C. D. Boren, A. A. Denny and D. S. Maynard. W. N. Bell built a cabin on the site of Bell Town, now North Seattle; C. D. Boren built on the eminence after- wards known as Fort Decatur at the foot of Cherry Street; D. S. Maynard built his cabin near the site of the New England Hotel; while that of D. T. Denny was a mile and a half north of that occupied by the Bell family, or near where Kinnear Park is located to- day. Later in the same year H. L. Yesler and other settlers found their way here. These cabins were built after the usual fashion and consisted of fir logs covered with cedar shakes. and usually contained but one room. They were primitive in the extreme; but although primitive and rudely fashioned, they were none the less pic- turesque and afforded habi'table homes for those hardy pioneers who had ven- tured much in opening up a new ter- ritory. In looking over the magnifi- cent city that has since risen upon the site of those early homes, one can scarcely conceive of Seattle having been densely covered with an almost impenetrable forest less than fifty years ago. From 1852 until 1857 very little Change occurred to give Seattle much importance as a coming metro- polis, but beginning about 1857 it be- gan to attract to itself qui'te a few settlers, and the next few years, fol- lowing in quick succession, very con- siderable progress was made, until Seattle began to be spoken of as a vil- lage of some importance. However, 't was not until along in the latter part of the seventies that the town had reached over three thousand inhabi- tants. When Jay Cook began to point his great railroad enterprise to the West, the people of Seattle began to realize that their position on Puget Sound would eventually become one of importance. The people who cast their lot here in those and succeeding days have been well repaid for their per- spicacity, and the faith which domin- ated every early citizen on Elliott Bay (and which took root at this period) has never wavered from that day to this, and the Seattle spirit, which stands for progress, and for united ef- fort, is as thoroughly embedded today as at any time in its history. Because of its permeation in every strata of its business life Seattle has unaided and entirely free from all corporate influ- ence, successfully forged to the front, until today it has absolutely no rival, and the day is not far distant when it will become the chief city on the Pa- cific Coast. Can any one question its great future when tney stop to think that this city of 90,000 inhabitants was a wilderness but forty-nine years SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 13 ago? If such great progress has been made during that period, what will the next forty-nine years bring forth? It might not be out of place in brief- ly speaking of the history of Seattle to state that the name originates from the name given to an Indian chief who lived in this vicinity. It can also be remarked by way of preface that Chie" Seattle and his squaw Evangeline timely warnings (perhaps from Chief Seattle himself) Port Decatur was thrown up, and with this defense and the assistance of a government vessel which happened to be lying in the bay, the Indians were repulsed and the In- dian war was at an end. In 1863 the first newspaper was pub- lished; in 1864 the Territorial Court was established; in 1869 a Town Gov- ■foT^v Second Avenue Looking North. were well-known characters up to within a very few years past, but they have since been gathered to their fathers. In 1855 the Indians and whites had an open rupture, and most of the sur- rounding country settlements were dis- turbed and a number of people killed. On the 26th of January, 1856, the In- dians attacked Seattle, but owing to ernment. In 1870 the inhabitants of Seattle numbered 1100, but after that time the population as hereinbefore stated grew quite steadily. Beginning with 1870 steamships began to make frequent visits; the coal mines at Renton were opened up by a short line of railroad; the merchants began to do a considerable wholesale trade; streets were graded; schools, churches 14 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. and hospitals were erected; and in the latter seventies a daily newspaper was started. The growth of Seattle since 18S0 is of too recent a date to need any extended remarks; and the fire of 1889, which destroyed property having an aggregate value of from ten to twelve millions of dollars is also recent history. The fact that within a year from the fire the burned district was rebuilt on a larger and finer scale than before, and that it today stands as one of the best laid out, best built and best conducted cities on the Coast, shows the indomitable spirit which has pre- vailed at all times, particularly since it became a city of any importance. A BIT OF GEOGRAPHY, Where is Seattle? No doubt this question may be ask- ed by some into whose hands this book may fall; and in the event that any nne can be found, wtio is in ignorance of the location of Seattle, on Puget Sound, the following condensed in- formation is printed: Seattle is locat- ed upon the eastern shore of Elliott Bay, something like 125 miles from the Pacific Ocean by way of Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Elliott Bay is one among the larger indent- ures on Puget Sound, and probably forms the most advantageous harbor upon this inland sea. Puget Sound it- self is practically an arm of the sea, having a shore line in American terri- tory, and wholly within the State of Washington, of nearly two thousand miles. The Strait of Juan' de Fuca. which forms the northern boundary ibetween the United States and British Columbia, a body of water some fifteen or twenty miles wide, af- fords an inlet to Puget Sound, wliich is absolutely free of the dangers which usually beset harbor entrances the world over. It is practically like sail- ing a ship into an open sea, and where the waters form Puget Sound it is land-locked, and not only secure from storm, but affords a uniform depth of water, which gives adsolute safety, and room for the combined shipping of the world should it all seek to enter here at one time. Puget Sound is approxi- mately two hundred miles in length, with an average width of possibly ten miles. It is made up of a succession of little bays and indentures, and is quite irregular in shape, although forming a comparatively straight course from the straits to Seattle or Elliott Bay. If one will take occasion to look upon the map he will notice that Puget Sound occupies about the central portion of Western Washington. The State of Washington lies between the 46th and 49th parallels of north latitude and the 117th and 125th meridians of longitude west from Greenwich. British Colum- bia forms its boundary on the north, the State of Idaho on the east, Oregon and the Columbia River on the south and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Its greatest width north and south is two hundred and forty miles, and its great- est length east and west is three hun- dred and sixty miles, constituting an area in round numbers of nearly sev- enty thousand square miles, or about forty-five million acres. About twenty thousand square miles or thirteen mil- SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. • '^>»~— '1. /y- / Harbor Scenes of Seattle, The upper picture shows one of the big Oriental Liner takiug ou her cargo. i6 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. lion acres are west of the Cascade Mountains; fifty thousand square rniles or about thirty-two million acres are east of the mountains. The moun- tains herein referred to are what are known as the Cascade range, running north avirt south, and extending far in- to British Columbia territory. Com- paratively speaking, the eastern slope, or what is known as Eastern Washing- ton, is free of timber, and forms one of the richest sections of wheat-pro- ducing lands known in the United States. The mountains themselves are full Oi minerals, consisting of gold, sil- ver, copper, lead, iron and coal, togeth- er with building stone and many other products not now particularly known to commerce. In the western part of the state, using the Cascade range as a dividing line, the land for the most part jS heavily timbered with fir, cedar, hemlock, tamarack and other merch- antable timber. An estimate placed upon a fairly conservative basis, places the timber lands at twenty million acres; grain producing and grazing lands, ten million acres; and bottom lands, which are covered with a rich alluvial deposit such as is found in Western Washington, bordering the ■streams and indentures of Puget Sound, at something like five million acres. The mountainous region, com- prising the mineral belt, and which is also timbered, is estimated at about ten million acres. The present popu- lation of the state is probably close to seven hundred thousand people. The total valuation of all property, accord- ing to CL late census, is placed at $229,- l;?7,53U. Seattle is the chief city of Western Washington, and as before stated, is situated upon Elliott Bay on Puget Sound, and is now a city of not far from ninety thousand inhabitants. Its chief industries in the way of manu- factures, and its large jobbing trade and other resources are spoken of in greater detail upon pages farther ad- vanced in this book. It is tlie purpose more particularly in this article to render a brief description of Seattle's location, not only in a geographical way, as relates to the balance of the State of Washington, but also its geo- graphical position as compared with the rest of the world. When it is tak- en into consideration that Seattle is but two weeks' sail from Vladivostock in Siberia, it can easily be seen that Seattle, indeed, is very close to the threshold of the Orient; and it is not a matter of exaggeration to state that Seattle is in a position to maintain trade relations with all the countries lying to the west of us better than any other city of the United States; in fact there is but one logical outcome, and that will be that all shipments to and from that country (and by "that coun- try" is meant not only Siberia, but China, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands and Hawaii) will eventually make this Puget Sound their entre- pot. When one takes into considera- tion the fact that Vladivostok is ttie eastern terminus of the great Siberian Transcontinental Railroad, eight thou- sand miles in length, with the vast empire yet lying in a state of wilder- ness, and Seattle but two weeks' jour- ney from it, some little idea can be formed of the future of the Queen City of the Pacific Mediterranean. The com- merce of the United States with Rus- sia now goes through the Atlantic cities to Liverpool and St. Petersburg. The completion of the Rusian railroad will naturally change this, and this vast traffic will flow westward through Seattle. THE SIZE OF SEATTLE AND OTHER INFORMATION. ^T-^i^- The City of Seattle, which now con- tains a population approximately esti- mated at 90,000 inhabitants, has an area of twenty-eight square miles. It:i longest distance north and south is eight and one-half miles, and its long- est distance east and west is seven and one-half miles; its shortest distance east and west is two miles. In 1880 it contained a population of 3533; in graded streets. The water system, which furnishes a very superior qual- ity of pure water (and which is quite adequate for a city of the present size) is being augmented in a very substan- tial way, and a supply will soon 'be accessible for double the present pop- ulation. It is brought in from a long distance, and secured from streams having their source in the Cascade 1 Overlooking the City from Beacon Hill. 1885 it had grown to be a place of 9683; this was increased to 26,740 up to and including the year 1889; the population in 1890 is given at 42,837; in 1892 it had grown to 57,540, and in 1899 to over 86,000. It is confidently predicted that by the year 1910 the population will easily reach 300,000. The city at the present time has 60.45 miles of sewers and 101.59 miles of Mountains, and is therefore absolutely pure and wholesome. The city is sup- plied with both gas and electricity in abundance, at rates which are consid- ered very moderate compared with many cities of its size. Lake Washington, which foiins the eastern boundary of the city, is two and one-half miles east of Elliott Bay. It is twenty miles in length and from SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. two to five miles micle, with an area of forty square miles. It is from six- ty to 222 feet deep, and is fed chief- ly by the Samamish River, a stream flowing from the Cascale Mountains. Green Lake, a small body of water ly- ing to the west of it, empties into Lake Washington. In the center of Lake Washington is Mercer's Island, five miles long by one mile in width, upon which East Seattle is located. Lake Washington is twenty feet above tide water, and is one of the many picturesque places which surround Se- attle. Lake Union, wholly within the city limits of Seattle, lies one mile from Elliott Bay, and is twelve feet above tid,e water; it is from eighteen to forty-eight feet deep, having an area of two and one-half square miles. Green Lake, which is a little north of Lake Union, is four miles in circum- ference, and from thirty feet to forty feet deep. It is 160 feet above tide water. Ultimately there will be a tidal canal between Puget Sound and Lake Washington, into which deep water vessels will be permitted to enter. When completed it will afford a very advantageous arrangement for vessels of every character. It is probable that within the next few years this canal will be completed, and its worth to the general shipping interests will be al- most incalculable. ' REAL ESTATE, One striking indication of the great prosperity of a city is the volume of its real estate transactions. During the year which closed on the 1st of January the volume of business has been steadily on the increase, until it is stated by conservative calculators that the transactions for 1899 reached the goodly proportions of $10.8.53,397. This showing will indicate more clear- ly than anything else which can be said that Seattle real estate is being greatly sought after by all classes of investors; and without doubt the close of the year 1900 will witness a very marked increase over that of 1899. The renewed confidence in land values in and about Seattle expressed by ev- ery one, and the faith in its con- tinued growth until it becomes a city many times its present population, i? having its influence upon many hun- dreds of investors, with the result that all kinds of real estate, no matter where located, is finding a ready sale at good prices. The depression which came in 1893 and lasted until 1897, had the effect of causing a general col- lapse of real estate values throughout the entire Wes-t, although Seattle pro- bably suffered less than her sister ci- ties on the Coast — consequently, on the return of good times investors realized that Seattle realty offered a most attractive field for investment, as well as for speculative purposes. Then by the infusion of several mil- lions of Alaskan gold, real estate be- gan to move very freely, and likewise created a demand for additional build- ings, and improvements became active in the same proportion that sales of real estate were made. During the year 1899 fully 1200 new residences have been erected, to say nothing of the number of new business blocks of various kinds and descriptions which have been put up. It is proba- bly sufficient to assert that real estate has advanced 25 per cent over the prices that were asked a year ago, and that the population of this city has in- creased by at least ten thousand peo- ple. Very considerable sums of out- was witnessed last; and some go so far as to predict that the present year will see a revival of the days of 1891, when real estate transactions were most extraordinarily lively. Two of the most notable sales during 1899 side capital are naw coming to Seattle SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 19 seeking investment, not only in real estate, but in everything else which promises a reasonable return. Some real estate dealers predict a more rapid purchase by a New York party of the Squire property, aggregating over $800,000. Even the most conservative realize that real estate anywhere near Interesting Scenes in Western Washington. advance during the present year than were the purchase for $1,000,000 by the Northern Pacific Railroad Company of various water front properties, and the Seattle is a safe investment, as it is confidently predicted it will have three hundred thousand population by the end of the present decade. 20 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. THE CLIMATE VERY FINE, It might not be out of place in speak- ing generally of Seattle to have a word to say in regard to its climate. The mild, equable climate that prevails on Puget Sound the year around is simply marvelous to those people who make their first visit here from the East. The mean temperature as deduced from nearly ten years' records of the United States "Weather Bureau of this city is 51.5 degrees, and the highest temperature of which ithere is a record occurred on June 29, 1892, when the mercury registered 94 degrees- and the lowest, 3 degrees below zero, oc- curred on January 31, 1893. A compari- son of the records shows that only during 1893 and 1894 did the tempera- ture go below 20 degrees, and during both years there were periods of un- usual cold weather for this locality. As a matter of fact, the temperature dur- ing the summer months averages about 59 degrees, while during the winter the average is about 44 degrees. The high- est mean temperature for any three consecutive days was 75.3 degrees, which occured during July, 1899, and the lowest mean temperature for any three consecutive days was 29.3, in February, 1893 and 1899. The average precipitation at Seattle is 37.27 inches, divided as follows: The wet from November to April inclusive and the dry from May to October inclusive. During the wet season the average rainfall is 27.45 inches, while during the dry season but 9.82 inches falls. Comparatively speaking, very little snow falls on Puget Sound and it fre- quently occurs that no snow falls dur- ing the winter. The locality is re- markably free from severe local or general storms, and the highest vel- ocity of which there is any record is forty-two miles. On the whole, the climate is bracing and salubrious, and the health of the people on the av- erage exceedingly good. SEATTLE AS A PLACE OF HOMES, There are very few places on the Pacific Coast where living the year round is more ideal than on Puget Sound. The home life in Seattle is made as comfortable as in any of the older cities in the East. There are many hundreds of elegant residences in all parts of the city, and both in point of architectural beauty and gen- eral surroundings the homes are supe- rior to many other places on the Pa- cific Coast. To begin with, the City of Seattle is very charmingly situated, and dur- ing the past few years many hundreds of people have availed themselves of the opportunity of not only erecting substantial and costly homes, but have done their utmost to take advantage of what nature has already done for thi^ city, with the result that the city is becoming well paved with good streets and considerable effort at adornment has heen carried out. There are over seventy churches in the city, all of which have fair congro- gations and a general attendance pro- bably equal to any other city of nine- ty thousand inhabitants. The educational system of Seattle is excellent. The public school buildings would be a credit to any city, both from a sanitary and an architectural standpoint, and likewise for modern educational apparatus. In addition to a very excellent high school, at which upwards of 1200 pupils attend, the State University is located within the borders of the city limits, and is of it- self a very excellent educational in- stitution, equal to similar seats of SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT 21 learning in the older states. In addi- tion to these public schools there aro several first-class business colleges. Socially speaking, Seattle stands very high. The place is well provided TRIBUTARY COUNTRY, The country which lies tributary to Seattle, and by that is meant the coun- try over which Seattle carries on trade ''W // m^-'T.SI— i^i .'I'M I '?*'■>' <■ c Some of our Resources. With numerous clubs of all kinds. In fact, it might be said that social life in Seattle cannot be excelled anywhere. One has only to pay a visit here to be thoroughly impressed with that fact. relations, consists of all of Western Washington, the greater part of East- ern Washington, portions of British Columbia, and all of Alaska Territory. Practically speaking, the tributary 22 vSEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. country to Seattle is greater in extent and wealth of resource than a like area tributary to any other city in the United States. The country lying up- on Puget Sound is naturally very closely allied to Seattle, while the more remote portions, like that of Eastern Washington, seek this place through the channel of its wheat trade, and other commodities which it de- sires to place in this market. The trade with Alaska naturally consists in outfitting prospectors, miners and set- tlers to that region, and in furnishing supplies for those people who are al- ready there, and in furnishing such machinery as is needed to carry on mining operations. Seattle to all in- tents and purposes is the head center of developments in Alaska and will continue to 'be such, probably, for all time to come. Its superior position on Puget Sound naturally makes it the center of a great tributary region. It is because of this fact that Seattle has attained its great importance in the Western world. THE COMMERCE OR SHIPPING OF SEATTLE, In speaking of the commerce of Pu- get Sound, it is perhaps necessary to again refer to the easy manner in which vessels of every size and char- acter can enter or depart from this great inland body of water. As before stated in another article which appears elsewhere, Puget Sound has its inlet or outlet by way of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, to all practical purposes an arm of the sea itself, which extends eastward from the Pacific Ocean a dis- tance of full eighty miles. It is so roomy and so free of obstruction that sailing vessels have no difficulty what- ever in sailing in or out, although an admirable tug boat service is maintain- ed to renaer expedition to vessel* which do not carry their own steam. Without going into details, Puget Sound can be classed as the most magnificent harbor in the world, a fact which will probably not be gainsaiil by any one at all familiar with nauti- cal affairs. This one great fact stands out in very bold relief and gives Pu- get Sound a prominence in the matter of commerce not possessed elsewhere on the Pacific Coast. The principal cities bordering on the Sound are Se- attle, Tacoma, Whatcom, Everett and Port Townsend, being in size and im- portance in the order in which they are named. Passing over the import- ance of the other places named, and speaking more directly of Seattle, it can be stated very briefly that at the present time it is the terminus of four transcontinental railways, several Oriental lines, and the entire fleet of vessels engaged in the Alaska traffic, besides an enormous "mosquito fleet," which ply between Seattle and various other Sound ports. Seattle is the chief manufacturing city on Puget Sound, to which some considerable space is de- voted more particularly elsewhere, and as a shipping point on the Pacific Coast it is outclassed only by San Francisco, whose only rival it is, espe- cially in the trade with the Asiatic ports. The Great Northern Railway, which has done so much for the North- west, has its terminus in Seattle, and here its cars are unloaded into ships which carry the products of the coun- try to the Orient. The construction of the Great Northern terminals has but just been completed, and the monster docks, warehouses and wheat elevat- ors and miles of trackage are the first things that catch the eye of the travel- er as he enters the city from the north. That company has just now in contem- plation the building of a passenger depot, freight sheds and trackage facil- ities in the southern part of the city. SEATTlvE AND THE ORIENT. 23 £^ |^ TAe(d/caiute.5 pb. The Sound also has sev- eral canneries of 40,000 to 50,000 annual capacity. For the state tlie salmon pack is shown to be valued at $4,500,000, di- vided up as follows : Cases. Puget Sound 930,000 Columbia Eiver (Wash- ington side) 68,500 Grays Harbor 16,200 Wiliapa Bay 17,400 The transportation facilities, which consist of both rail and water lines, which center in Seattle, form a verv conspicuous part in the material pro- gress of this region. In rail- vv a y lines, Seattle now possesses prac- ti cal ly four transcontinen- tal lines of rail- ways as follows; Total 1,032,100 Making in all one-third of the en- tire Pacific coast pack, which for the year 1899 was valued at 114,000 000. In addition to the canned salmon, there were shipped from Puget sound as frozen, fresh, salt and smoked salmon 16,000,000 pounds, valued at over $450,000; 2,500,000 pounds from the Columbia river, valued at $125,000; ■630,000 pounds from Wiliapa bay, val- ued at $16,000. and 1,600,000 pounds .-ER THE Southern Pacific Ry. to California The Great Northern, the Canadian Pacific, the Northern Pacific and the Southern Pacific. While in the strict sense of the word the South- ern Pacific line does not enter Seat- tle, it is still a part of the railway sys- tem of the city, and is doing a very 36 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. considerable business in direct ship- ments to and from over tlie line be- tween here and Portland of the North- ern Pacific Railroad. By its route Se- attle has intercourse with California, and thence eastward by either the Cen- tral Pacific or Southern Pacific through Arizona and the Southern states. The Northern Pacific has its direct terminals here, and during the past year has expended over one mil- lion dollars in buying lands sufficient to carry on its increasing traffic. The Great Northern also has its Western terminus in Seattle, and has already expended hundreds of thousands of dollars in equipping itself in order that it may handle the thousands of tons of merchandise which it hauls to and from. The Canadian Pacific, while of- ficially terminating at Vancouver, British Columbia, has track facilities over the Seattle & International, and to all intents and purposes has its terminus at Seattle. It will thus be seen that in the matter of rail ac- commodations Seattle is superior to any other city on the Pacific Coast, and in thus briefly passing over such an important element as railroad fa- cilities, it is taken that the facts are sufficiently clear to occasion no lengthy comments. Its water lines are even more num- erously represented. First in import- ance is the Pacific Coast Company, which operates a line of magnificent steamers between Seattle and San Francisco and other points along the Coast farther south, and it also ope- rates a line of steamers to Alaska. This company has its headquarters here, and maintains its general of- fices in this city. There are three separate lines of trans-Pacific steam- ships which are carrying on business with the Orient, and there are more than a dozen companies engaged in operating from one to three ships each between Seattle and points in Alaska. These do not include in any respect the vessels which ply irregularly be- tween this port and the Orient and the various other places in the world, both of steam and sail. It will convey some general idea of the magnitude of the transport business without going into further detail. ARE DIRECT FACTORY REPRESENTA^ TIVES- The firm of George B. Adair & Son at 309 Occidental Avenue are the di- rect representatives of ten factories located in various parts of the United States, in part as follows: The Giant Powder Company; Fairbanks Scale Company; Fairbanks, Morse & Com- pany, railway supplies, gasoline en- gines, etc.; the Curly Handle Com- pany, ax, pick and sledge handles; the Champion Tool and Handle Works; the Hanz All-Steel Tackle Blocks; Chisholm-Moore Manufacturing Com- pany, differential chain blocks and anti-friction hoists; McCaffery Fil'i Company; the Anti-Chlorine Pipe and Boiler Company; James McBeth & Company, electric blasting apparatus,, and the McNeale & Urban Safe and Lock Company. Through these firms or manufactories George B. Adair & Son do an extensive business. Their increase last year was fully 40 per cent over the year previous, and compelled them (about the first of the present year) to move into new quarters,, where they are now located. They occupy two floors, each 30x115 feet in size, and give employment to five men in their store, and keep one man who represents them on the road. Their trade extends from Alaska to the Co- lumbia River. Mr. George B. Adair has been in Seattle since 1883, and the head of the present company since 1894. He is probably one of the best known merchants in the city. SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 37 THE SNOOUALMIE FALLS POWER COMPANY. As a preface to a resume of the manufacturing interests of Seattle, notliing could be more appropriate than a brief description of one of the greatest water powers and its use as an electrical power generator to be om/i/in or fEfiowoff/fs Msn/nfMfAA/ mctfm£/frc:/i/ifiBi:/<'^""iuaoc'm,.'^ie powsff co The SNoyuALMiE Power Co. found in the Western Continent. This is the famous Snoqualmie Cataract, located thirty-one miles from Seattle. and which has been successfully har- nessed by the Snoqualmie Falls Power Company. This company, which began operations some two years ago, now furnishes power to Seattle and Ta- coma, and likewise soon to Everett, and have solved the problem of cheap and abundant power in a most highly satisfactory way. In October, 1897, Snoqualmie Falls was purchased by Charles H. Baker of Seattle, and with this purchase the conception of the power transmission enterprise began to have practical sig- nificance. Thomas T. Johnston, a hydraulic engineer of Chicago, and the consulting engineer of the Chicago drainage canal, sent out here by Mr. Baker to ex- amine the water power and make a preliminary estimate as to the costs and the practicability of utilizing this vast amount of energy, which was represent- ed in the falls of the river, made a favor- able report, and in the early spring fol- lowing, or in 1898 to be precise, the com- pany was organized, a heavy construction plant consisting of large boilers, steam hoisting machinery and a ten-drill air compressor was quickly installed, and the first big drill be- gan operation April 17, 1898, and from that time forward work was prosecuted day and night and Sundays until the work was finally completed. The first water wheel and generator were in actual operation and deliv- ered their first current into Seattle on the evening of July 31, 1899, or a little more than a year after the work had been commenced. The current was delivered into Tacoma November 1. 1899. and these events 38 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. naturally mark the successful comple- tion of the project, which throughout had been unattended by any fatality or serious accident. The design and exe- cution of this plant is replete with or- iginal features, never before exploited in power transmission, conspicuous among them being: First, a subter- ranean power house; second, a cycloid- al water wheel, a very efficient water motor; third, use of aluminum wire in long distance transmission. To give one some idea of the undertaking a very brief description will be given. The falls, which, by the way, are 270 feet high, over which the entire vol- ume of the Snoqualmie River falls in one mighty cataract, is utilized in the following manner: About 500 feet back from the brink of the falls a shaft has been sunk in the "bed of thes river, which descends 270 feet to the level of ihe river below the falls. Concur- rent with the beginning of the shaft above the falls a tunnel 12x24 feet, with an upward slope of twenty feet in its length, was drifted in from the face of the ledge below the falls to an intersection with the shaft, a distance of 650 feet. Beginning at the shaft and extending over and along the tun- nel a huge chamber 200 feet in length, forty feet wide and thirty feet high, with the floor at the elevation of high water below the falls, was excavated out of the solid rock, and this cavity, nearly 300 feet below the surface of the earth, is the machinery room in which the water wheel and electric generators have since been installed. At average stages of the river, the tun- nel is submerged about two-thirds its depth, while during the flood seasons it is entirely submerged. The water is diverted from the river by an intake constructed of concrete masonry, the walls of which are six feet in thick- ness and twenty-five feet high, and resting on the native rock, which di- verts the water into the shaft above mentioned. In order to keep this bay free of obstructions, heavy timbers, have been so arranged that all de'bris is kept from floating into it — in other words, it is a grating made of timber,, and as an extra precaution a heavy steel wire screen adds further precau- tion to the waters coming into the in- take. A rudder boom 300 feet in length is moored up stream on the intake side of the river and reaches past the intake. By turning the capstan at the head of the boom, the rudders are thrown out, which causes the boom to swing out into mid-stream and serves as a fender for floating logs, etc. The river is 150 feet wide at this point, and about fifteen feet deep at ordinary stages. It is contemplated to build a concrete dam diagonally across the river from the down stream pier of the headbay to the opposite shore at the next low water season, which will have a length of about 400 feet, and which on account of its long crest will not cause backing up of flood waters, and at the same time will raise the level of tJhe river at the intake six feet and permit of a better inflow, and equalize the daily flow of water dur- ing the period of extreme low water. Returning again to the shaft, into which the waters have been diverted: A steel penstock seven and one-half feet in diameter rises through the ex- cavation into the bottom of the intake, the top or expansion joint of which is made tight with the rock walls of the shaft, so that a water tight roof is af- forded to the shaft, leaving the only escape for the water down through the penstock. A steel bulkhead 8x10 feet, rises beside the penstock and behind the center pier, and this bulkhead, sur- mounted by a neat little house, is the front door of the subterranean power house. Through it the elevator travels for the convenience of the operation of the works, and through it the electrical conductors descend. The penstock SEATTLI-: AND THE ORIENT. 39 The Snoqualmie Power Co. 40 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. descends 250 feet until the cavity is reached, where it makes a right angle turn to the horizontal position and en- larges to a diameter of ten feet, reduc- ing again to eight feet at the middle section, which horizontal construction is known as the receiver. The receiv- er and lower half of the penstock are made of rolled steel eignt-foot plates, one inch thick. The upper half of the penstock is made of half-inch plates. The whole construction is calked bot- tle tight. The receiver lies upon a rock 'bench left in the cavity along its north margin, twelve feet above the floor. The penstock and receiver weigh 450,000 pounds, and the water column in the penstock weighs 340.000 tons — in other words, the 340,000 tons of wa- ter which the penstock holds is what furnishes 12,000 horse power of elec- tric energj' that the company are now furnishing to consumers. The shaft was made large enough for two pen- stocks in view of doubling the capacity besides leaving room for the elevator to travel between, as well as for space for outgoing electric conductors. The i-eceiver branches at four points along its length, with four-foot openings, each branch being opened or closed by an immense Rensallaer valve weigh- ing 23,000 pounds, being the largest in use under so great a pressure. Each of these branches is connected with a 3000 horse power Snoqualmie water motor, resting upon the rock floor of the cavity below, under which the tail race extends the entire length and re- ceives the discharge from the motors. Each water motor is directly connected with a 1500 K. W. Westinghouse tri- phase generator. The current passes from the generators to a marble switch-board, and ascends the shaft on cables of twisted aluminum wire to the transformer house above at a volt- age of 1000. The motors in use by the Snoqualmie Company are the inven- tion of the chief engineer of the com- panj". Without going into a technical description of the motors, it can be said that they revolve at a speed of 300 revolutions per minute, and have a capacity of 3000 horse power in the water column; they are simple in con- struction, cheaply built, and can be designed for any head. The transform- er house, of which mention has been made, is fire-proof, built of brick and iron, with a concrete floor having an area of 40x60 and 30 feet high; it stands just east and contiguous to the intake. In this building the current is received at an initial voltage of 1000 and is then passed into a series of step-up transformers, where the volt- age is raised to 30,000, which is the voltage of transmission. While at the present time the power which can be generated is estimated at 30.000 horse power, the company estimates that in the event that it was required they would be able to develop 200,000 horse power — enough to furnish Seat- tle, Tacoma and Everett with all the power necessary for the next fifty years. They own the rights-of-way for the total line leading to both Seat- tle, Tacoma and Everett, with the ex- ception of several stretches along county roads, over which they have franchises. The right-of-way is pa- trolled daily by men on horseback, each having a distance of ten miles to go, to see that nothing befalls the line, and in this way they keep a perfect care over their entire lines, and are able to prevent any serious trouble to occur. The circuits used are of alum- inum, the first in use for long dis- tance transmission, and they have giv- en very great satisfaction, as alumin- um is lighter and is non-corrosive. Excellent cedar poles have been used, and every care has ben exercised in building the works at the falls and in erecting the lines, to put in nothing but the very best of material, regard- less of any expense. The result is a SEATTLK AND THI<: ORIENT. 41 very satisfactory power transmission plant, and one which will aid very materially in developing manufactur- ing interests in the cities to w'hich it is supplied. In Seattle the company has built at the corner of Main and Second Avenue a very substantial stone and iron 'building, which is used as a terminal substation and for general offices of the company. The machinery occupies the underground basement, while the company's offices and tenants occupy the street floor space above. ways for both towns, and naturally a very great future is in store for it. The constructional operations of this great power project have been con- ducted throughout by Charles H. Baker, its president and manager, and Thomas T. .Johnston, its chief en- gineer. PUGET SOUND FISH, Of the various industries or inter- ests which center at Seattle none has In the Navy Yard of Puget Sound. Among the large consumers already taking power in Seattle is the Centen- nial Mill Company, which is now ope- rating two 200-horse power motors, the current from which is supplied by this company. The functions of the company wnll be to furnish power for all purposes, and it is not unreason- able to believe that almost every wheel turning in Seattle and Tacoma will soon be propelled by the power from Snoqualmie Falls, as well as the power for electric lighting and rail- made a more remarkable growth with- in the past few years than its fishing trade. It has grown from a very in- significant start to a business whicn gives employment to several hundred people at the present time. The illus- trations shown herewith give a view of the wholesale fish house of Frank V. List, formerly George S. List ct Brother. It is located at the foot of Lane Street, south of the Stetson-Post Mill Company's property, and has very advantageous arrangements for 4^ SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. receiving fisli from steamers and ship- ping by rail. Tiie house has been es- tablished three years, and is doing a very extensive business, principally shipping from their fish in cold storage fish all the way from Olympia to Alas- ka, and employs anywhere from ten to twenty-five men. The market in the East for Puget Sound fish is very large and no difficulty is experienced in finding a ready sale for all the fish that can be procured. The Kstablishment of Frank V. I.ist (Formerly owiud by Geo. 6. List.) to the Eastern market. Last year the increase was fully 50 per cent. This year Mr. List contemplates operating his own steamboat, and will then be able to greatly increase the amount of product he handles. He now buys THE TIMBER OF PUGET SOUND, Very few people outside of the State of Washington realize the vast importance of the timber wealth of this state. It might also be stated that few people outside of those very familiar with the subject, even in the State, renlize the importance of the great lumbering in- dustry now carried on. Directly employ- ed, there are, approxi- mately, 22,000 people engaged in the lum- bering business in the western part of Wash- i n gto n , fully two- thirds of whom are upon Puget Sound, and the value oi the product which is turn- ed out will reach into the millions. There i.s not a country in the civilized world which is not now using lumber shipped Irom Piiget Sound ; there is iiardly a stale Union but wliat is receiving or shingles from Puget and the demand has grown (due most largely to its in the lumber Sound, S-O l;ir;.'e superiority) that it is with much diffi- culty that the supply is maintained. SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 43 The foreign trade which is now de- veloping into very great proportions, and which, by the way, is handled by those mills which are accessible to ves- sels plying the Pacific, promises to steadily increase as time progresses. In the State of Washington there are 23,588,512 acres in timber, almost nine- tenths of which lies in Western Wash- ington. The value of this timber, roughly speaking, is probably not far from one billion dollars; and the fur- ther the inroads the lumberman makes upon the supply, the more valuable will the remainder become. To give an idea of the shipments from Puget Sound by water it can be stated that 2.250,000 feet per month were shipped for 1899. Over 20,000,000 feet have been shipped from Seattle to coast- wise points during the year, and fully 6,000,000 feet went to foreign ports; more than 35,000 cars were loaded and forwarded to Eastern markets, and had it been possible to secure a suffi- cient number of cars, it is estimated that at least 20 per cent more business would have been done. There are now upward of nearly five hundred small lumber and shingle mills distributed along the lines of railroads centering in Seattle as follows: On the line of the Great Northern, 305; Seattle & In- ternational, 75; Seattle & Northern, 10; Northern Pacific, 165; Everett & Monte Cristo, 6; Bellingham Bay & British Columbia, 10; Columbia & Puget Sound, 4; in Seattle, 4; other points, 120. The aggregate daily capa- city of these mills is 7,000,000 feet of lumber and 30,000,000 shingles. The number of men employed in logging camps and about the mills during the past year is about 22,000, and the amount of money which the lumbering industry pays for labor is more than one million dollars per month. Na- ture has supplied the Sound country with suuch a vast quantity of timber that its forests cannot be removed during the next fifty years, and the manufacture of the many kinds of wood will remain, as it now is, the leading industry of Puget Sound. Only the manufacture of fir and cedar has as yet been caried on extensively, but in addition to these valuable woods the forests of Western Was'hington con- tain spruce, hemlock, pine, tamarack, yew, maple, alder, cottonwood, vine maple, oak, ash and dogwood, any of which are adapted to the manufacture of all kinds of furniture, barrels, tubs, pails, etc. During the year 1899 there have been about 15 new shingle mills established in the western part of this state, 20 new lumber mills, and 25 log- ging camps. As stated above, the cut of lumber has averaged about 7,000,000 feet per day. This product represents the labor of one man in the woods, also one man in the mills for every thousand feet of sawed lumber. IN A WASHINGTON LOGGING CAMP, A lumberman from the East, sudden- ly transplanted to the depths of a Washington forest, would throw up his hands, sorrowfully shake his head and loudly bewail his inability to suc- cesfully bring Che giant conifers to a bed in the saline waters of Puget Sound. And it is no small task that the lum- berman of the Coast undertakes, when one considers the height and girth of the trees with which he must cope. Eastern methods of logging, while un- excelled in their own territory, would be worse than useless on the Coast, and many a logger from the white pine districts has found to his cost that the seemingly crude appliances in vogue in Washington are the only successful methods of operating in such mighty timber. It may be well to take a bird's-eye view of the work as carried on by the 44 SEATTLK AND THE ORIENT. hirgest concern in the Pacific Northwest, and it is not im- possible, the largest individual institution of the kind in the world— that of the Simpson Logging Company. The company maintains a corps of surveyors, who in ad- dition to their work of "'run- ning the lines" of the tracts of timber selected as the next victim of the woodman's axe, select and determine the routes for the extensions of the logging railroads, estimate the cost of bridges, fills and cuts and per- form the same duties as of other railroad companie.?. On their report depends the loca- tion of the railroad and the scope of country which can be embraced by the proposed branches. When the line of road has been fully determined upon and the graders at work, the camp foreman carefully tra- verses the ground and locates the site for the permanent camp; having reference to its accessibility to the timber, water supply, etc. Formerly camps were built of logs, but with improved methods of transportation which the log- ging railroads afford, lumber is now chietiy used as a building material. While the pictur- esque feature of the old-time camp is lost, the ease of con- struction is greatly increased, and having only mild winters to contend with, the warmth of a log house is unnecessary. In the operations of the com- pany in question portable camps have been utilized with great success. When the timber in reach of the camp has been removed, it is but the work of a few In Camps ui' Si.mi'sox Loggi.ng Cc SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 45 hours to take down these structures, load them on the cars and erect them in some new spot. With the building of the camps, the grading of the railroad and the selec- tion of his men, the camp foreman has his hands full, but when these nec- essary adjuncts are once complete, the serious work of logging commences. After a survey of available grades for the skid roads, one crew is put at work cutting out the right of way, grading the road and laying the skids. These skids are small logs from 12 inches to 18 inches in diameter and are sunk one-half their thickness in the ground, being spaced nine feet apart. These skids form the bearings on which the logs are dragged, and as nothing short- er than a 20-foot log is hauled, nine feet centers give each log two bear- ings and prevents tipping up and tearing out the road. Another crew is busy preparing the landing or rollway from which the logs are loaded on the cars. When these components of operations are in readiness, the sawyers are set to work and on them depends largely the suc- cess of the work. A good head faller can in falling his timber throw a tree in any direction, taking into considera- tion, of course, its lean and sweep. An incompetent workman can waste his wages many times over by dropping a tree on to a stump, breaking and shat- tering the timber; or he can place it in such a position that the bucker or man who cuts the fallen monster into log lengths will have to upcut it, there- by losing valuable time, or he can fall it so that great trouble is experienced in yarding it out to the skid road. He is a picturesque figure in red shirt, bare headed, bare armed and brawny chested. Perched on his spring board sometimes twelve and fifteen feet from the ground, he pierces the vitals of the fir with the steel, which gives forth a dirge for the leviathan which it is about to bring to earth. Slowly, but surely, the saw makes its inexorable way, and finally with a few sharp blows on the wedge, the masive top shivers, sways and bows its head to the mighty will of man. Following, comes the bucker or saw- yer, and on him also depends much. He measures the tree, decides what length of logs it will make, having al- ways in mind his foreman's instruc- tions relative to the lengths wanted for the boom then in preparation. He knows instinctively how to so place his cuts that no defects show on the ends of the log for the scaler's watch- ful eye to fall upon and he labors from morning to night, a machine of human intelligence. With the last coarse note of his saw through the under bark,, comes the hook tender, or man who shall decide in what direction and in what way the log shall be "yarded" or hauled to the skid road. After a careful survey of the conditions of the ground obtaining, this skillful general issues his orders to his subordinates, and soon a fairly clear pathway is hewn from the log to the road. Carefully, deliberately, with no un- due haste, comes plodding a faithful horse; stepping over obstacles, avoid- ing pitfalls, browsing on a tempting bit of scrub he comes, dragging one end of a seven-eighth-inch wire cable, the other end being no man knows where. By this time steel dogs are driven into the log and everything prepared for its initial journey to tide water. The barkers have hewed the ride (the portion which rides the ground), the snipers have bevelled the end so that the sharp corners may not catch on roots or other impediments, and the pounders have seen that the dogs are so driven that they shall not pull out. One end of the line is hook- ed to the dog, blocks rove to carry the line around obstacles, and with a sten- torian roar the hook tender gives the 46 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. signal to the waiting "dcnltey"' or winding engine to whose drum the in- visible end of the line is fastened, to "go ahead,"' and with a groan, a shiver and a heave the line taughtens. the blocks raise from the ground, and the log starts forward on its first stage to the water. Many are the obstacles in its course, and skillful the manner in which the hook tender removes the diameter steel cable. This road don- key engine may be a mile and one- quarter from the log when first it starts on its journey, but the inevitable steel rope curls its devious way guided by rollers around the tree trunks, rocks and hills, the log following the gentle sheer given by the skids, until with a final pant the engineer shuts off steam and the log rests on the rollway or platform, preparatory to beinj^ loaded on the cars for the llual stage of its journey to salt water. This rollway holds from one hun- dred to one hundred and fifty thousand feet of timber, and is elevated the height of the bunks on the logging cars from the track. The logging trucks are placed in position, the loading donkey's cable is wrapped around the og, and the giant rolls gently onto the trucks and brings Thk Simpson same. Now, by a "lead" with a block, a stump is avoided, again by a change in "hold" a roll is given that takes it over a windfall, until the clear road is reached and the yarding donkey's la- bors are over. Coupling dogs are driven, and linked to three, four or even seven of its fel- lows, the great bole glides slowly off impelled 'by the insistance of the road donkey at the other end of an inch in Logging Co. up hard against the chocks which pre- vent its gaining the ground on the oth- er side of the car. Car after car is loaded, and when the locomotive with its train of "empties" comes puffing in sight its return load of from sixty to seventy thousand feet of logs stands ready to "hit the trail" for its final resting place. The balance of the journey is fraught with net a little danger, and the men manning the log trains have many SEATTLK AND THE ORIENT. 47 more perils to contend with tiian their brothers of the strictly mercantile rail. Chocks and "dutchmen" get loose, dogs pull, rails spread and trees fall across the track, and with the sharp curves, heavy grades and the necessity for hand breaking, a job on a logging train is no sinecure. The method of unloading the logs from the truck and their final deposit in the waters of the Pacific is one pe- culiar to the coast. On a parallel track to the one on which the loaded train stands is a box car in which is mounted a hoisting engine and crane. A rope rove through its extremity car- ries a swamp hook which engages with the log and a few turns of the drum of the engine is sutticient to roll the log from the car and dump it into the water. The "unloader" by a system of transmission chains propells itself to the next car when the operation is re- peated, and in a surprisingly short time the trucks are clear and ready for their return to the woods. Modifications of the above method of logging of course are employed in some camps of the company, whose opera- tions are outlined above, horses being used instead of steam, but they are gradually being supplanted by the lat- ter contrivances. To give some idea of the magnitude of the operations of the largest log- ging concern on the Coast, the follow- ing may be of interest. The Simpson Logging Company of Seattle, Washing- ton, whose works are chiefly in Ma- son County, operate seven camps, two lines of standard-gauge railroad, one with its branches and ramifications comprising about forty miles, while the other with sidetracks and switches covers at least sixty miles of grade. For the operation of these roads ten locomotives are used, varying in weight from twenty-five to sixty tons. Of these three are used for yarding purposes or taking the loaded cars from the branches to the main lines, where they are made up into trains for the salt water trip. These yarding lo- comoitives are of the geared type, and can haul a train load of empty trucks up a 12 per cent grade and a train of loaded cars on 5 per cent grade with- out "turning a hair." In the prepara- tion of the logs for the train twenty- two donkey engines and eighty horses are used. The donkeys winding from 1000 to 6500 feet of seven-eighth-inch to one-inch steel cable. This company also utilizes a device for taking logs up and down steep places in order to do away with the use of "chutes." This use of chutes permits of the descent of the log from a high level at terrific speed, fills the timber with gravel and stones, damaging the mill saws and lessening the marketable quality of the logs. To obviate this, a heavy boiler and hoisting engine cf peculiar con- struction are mounted on a flat car. Around awheel riggsdwith grips passes a wire cable, whose ends are made fast, one at the foot and one at the summit o£ the grade to be overcome. The logs are rolled on the track ahead of the machine, and coupled to the same. When started the machine acts as a brake and brings them to the bottom of the decline without hurt. It then winds itself up the rope to its proper place at the top of the declivi- ty. If necessary the operation can be reversed and the logs hauled up as high as a 7 per cent grade. The seven camps of the company are all connected with the central office by telephone, so that instructions can be given to the several foremen without loss of time. The pay roll comprises some 500 names beside the heads of the different departments. In connection with the actual business of logging, the company furnishes supplies for its camps and employes from two large general stores, and three large steam- 48 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. ers are employed in its transportation service. Its annual output aggregates 100,000,000 feet of logs per year, and its large shingle mill has an annual cap- gii.aing. Showing the progressive ten- dencies of the man it is only necessary •o state that Mr. Simpson inaugurated engines in logging, and the first don- \lhy'\mMi'^l)Af- .r.l^t4,tJSJJji^.>J^J^^^jy J J^JMd^JJJ^^*^*^'^'*' •"**■''•■»*■»•' f^-"^'^^-^. J aciiy of 50,000,000 shingles in the same time. The head, originator and active prin- cipal in this enormous business is S. G. Simpson, who ten years ago started the ball rolling with six horses and twenty men. The foregoing article shows what has resulted from this small be- key engine ever installed in the woods, was operated by him. From this small beginning sprang the immense business of the present, day, and as an example of push, ener- gy and sound business sense, Mr. Simp- son is '"facile princeps." FRANCIS ROTCH. SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 49 SHIP BUILDING ON PUGET SOUND, Moran Bros. Company Building Up a Great Industry. Ship building on the Pacific Coast, although in its infancy as yet, prom- ises to become ere long equal in mag- nitude to the long established industry of like nature along the Atlantic Coast. SeA-'eral yards in California have been established many years, and have tions represent the natural outgrowth of such an enterprise where it is backed by industry and energy. This company built its first vessel, the fireboat Snoqualmie, only ten years ago. Several years elapsed after building this vessel without opportunity for this company to secure ship building contracts, and during which time it ac- quired a reputation for designing and building high-class machinery and gen- eral structural work, but since 1895 Moran Bros. Co —Overlooking Works from Outer Wharf. tiuilt many of the fine vessels now in service on this Coast. Yards on Puget Sound have also been .active in building vessels for all kinds of service. To Seattle belongs the distinction of possessing among its many growing and prosperous industries, a ship yard and engine building works which for rapid growth has outclassed many sis- ter enterprises. Moran Bros. Com- pany's business was established in Se- attle in the year 1882, with a small •capital, and its present large propor- the company has come foremost as a ship building concern of the first class. The first steel vessel constructed in the Pacific Northwest was built and equipped at the works of the company in Seattle, and several steel vessels have been built there since, fully estab- lishing Ihis plant as a successful steel ship building yard. Only a year ago the company, real- izing the growing importance of wood ship building, decided to build large saw and planing mills in connection with a moGcrn wood ship yard, all of 50 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. which has been accomplished, the mills and ship yard having been in opera- tion for several months. This company's business has covered a wide range of work, including ves- sels for the United States Navy De- partment, also revenue cutters, river boats, Sound steamers, ocean going steel and sail vessels of both wood and steel construction. Moran Bros. Company's specialty is rapid v,rork, and its ability to handle work of magnitude on short time con- tracts was well demonstrated in the early part of 1898, when it built and equipped ready for service twelve large passejiger river steamers for the Yu- kon River trade in the short time of four months. Each of these vessels was of the following dimensions: 175 feet long, 35 feet beam, 6yo feet depth of hold, and each fitted with two en- gines with 20-inch diameter cylinders, 7-foot stroke. These vessels were tak- en under their own steam from Seattle to St. Michael, Alaska, which contem- plated an ocean voyage of approxi- mately 4000 miles. Eleven of the twelve steamers were delivered at St. Michael in first-class condition, and entered upon service on the Yukon River. Moran Bros. Company have built practically all of the vessels now navigating those waiters. The above feat of river boat ibuilding, taken into consideration with the voyage from Se- attle to St. Michael, Alaska, and the shortness of the time within w^hich it was accomplished, is probably unpar- alleled in the history of the world in cnat line of work. There is now building at the com- pany's new yard a wooden steamship for the Pacific Clipper Line, to be used in its Cape Nome trade. This vessel will be thoroughly finished and equip- ped for first-class passenger service, for which the time allowed from the sawing of the first timber to the com- pletion of the vessel is 120 days. This vessel is nearly 250 feet in length, is heavily bui'lt and the finish- ing throughout is to be artistic as well as substantial. To those acquaint- ed with the work of building such a vessel the short time mentioned will be thought remarkable. They also have under construction a large four- masted schooner for the same com- pany. During the past year large exten- sions have been made to this com- pany's plant, which now includes steel and wood ship building in all its branches, saw mill in which the larg- est and longest timber can be cut, in- cluding sticks as large as 48 inches square and 125 feet long. The company also operates the largest and best equipped foundry, machine shop and boiler shop and forge on the Nor^th Pacific Coast. The boiler shop and forge are equipped with the largest and most modern tools on the Pacific Coast, equal to any requirements. The plant covers an area of sixteen acres, with nearly a mile of dock frontage, and with all transcontinental railway tracks con- nected direct to the shops and yards. On the deep water dock there is constructed a seventy-five-ton electric shear for transferring heavy machin- ery from the cars to vessels, or vice versa. This plant, taken as a whole, is probably the most complete of any on the Pacific Coast today, as within itself it has the facility for the con- struction of any work, the hull and machinery of either wood or steel ves- sels, also including cabin work and the larger part of the equipment, mak- ing the plant independent of any out- side source of supply. To those wtho are unfamiliar with the process of building a siteamship, a short description of the work may prove interesting. The owner having^ determined on a certain capacity for any desired service, the designer lays SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 51 out the lines of a hull of the required sel's framing and plating or planking displacement; the general form or are then laid out on a scale model, degree of fineness of water lines being and the detail drawings of the hull OF int. Boiler horky- In Moran Bros. Co.'s Ship Yards. suited to the speed desired. Calcu- lations are then made to ascertain the construction may then be made. The work of laying down the lines power and type of machinery. The full size on the mold lift floor is next general outline having thus been de- in order, after which the molds are termined, the arrangements of the ves- ••lifted," which means that a portable 5^ SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. mold or pattern of each of the vessel's parts is made from the lines on the floor for the purpose of transferring the shape to the respective pieces of the bulk material. Meantime the detail plans of shop drawings of the machinery and hull trimmings are being made so that by the time the keel of the vessel is laid the entire work is well in progress. The assembling of the vessel's parts, plating or planking, installing of ma- chinery and general finishing and equipment are all operations with which the reader is more or less fam- iliar. Each respective detail requires most careful study and attention, so as to insure substantial work and com- pliance with the requirements of all laws and regulations. The launching of a vessel is generally a source of ex- citement in the ship yard, and to see a ship enter the vi^ater always gives the builder a sense of pride and satis- faction. The preparations incident to launching the vessel are attended with much care and vigilance on the part of the constructor, as the least neg- lect or error in the arrangement of the details might render the launch a failure, or cause irreparable injury to the work so carefully done on the cradle. Not least among the builder's trials is the trial trip of the vessel, when her machinery and framing are tested to their full capacity to satisfy the own- er that no part of the work has been slighted or errors made in the original design, and a successful trial fully re- pays the builder for his care and anx- iety during construction. Moran Bros. Company have a clean record of trials of vessels built at its works, all requirements having invari- ably been exceeded, and it is a gratify- ing pleasure to the citizens of Seattle and the Pacific Northwest to note that this company's plant is rapidly ex- panding and to offer their wishes of success and prosperity to the men whose enterprising spirit has been the foundation of an industry destined to 'become a source of pride to all. There is also under construction at the present time a large two-section floating dry dock, which is of the fol- lowing general dimensions: 400 feet long, 100 feet wide, and with a lifting capacity to dock any vessel of this length. The company also operates a marine railway with a capacity for docking vessels of 1500 tons and less. All of the shops are equipped with electric traveling cranes and other labor saving appliances, including compressed air and hydraulic tools of every description. A few details of the Moran Brothers Company's shipbuilding yards will prove of interest to the ordinary read- er, or at least those who take an in- terest in the building up of a great big industry such as this is proven to be. Beginning at the oflBce of the company, if the visitor should desire to make a trip through their establish- ment, going first through the machin- ery shop, and then around by way of the ship yard and saw mill, he would be most thoroughly impressed with what he saw. The first buildings to the left are the machine shops, in which are located the most substantial character of iron working tools. As at present arranged, a little to the south and under the same roof, is the foundry. In order to expedite work, an over-head traveling crane is oper- ated, capable of lifting fifteen tons of metal. For instance, if an iron bar or a heavy casting is desired to be placed upon a lathe or planer, the man who has charge of the crane is given the order and with his independent en- gine which shifts the crane from one position to another or lowers the great block and tackle, the piece of casting or iron bar is picked up and trans- ported to the position desired, all in sp:attle and the orient. 53 the space of a very few moments. Everything is conducted in order to expedite time and for the relief of great bodily exertion. Passing through the machine shop one comes first to the copper smith shop, vv'here the various articles in use about a ship are constructed. In the rear of this shop are the store rooms, where all conceivable articles of ma- rine hardware are stored. Still fur- ther south of this is the pipe-fitting works, and across an open driveway principal reason being that the articles purchased are not of the high standard or equal to those they can manufac- ture. When one has reached the pat- tern shop they have practically finished with that portion of the shops erected at the organization of the company. Between this space and the new boiler shops there is a warehouse and a shed; to the left of this is the black- smith shop, in which the heavy forging and various other work is done. Prob- ably the most interesting place to visit Where They Build Steel Suits. is the brass or copper foundry. Still farther along is the pattern shop and furniture factory. The visitor would probably be surprised when he is told that in the furniture factory practi- cally everything in the shape of wood work or furniture to be used in fitting out the interior of a ship is construct- ed. Even such articles as the wheels in use, the settees and other innumer- able articles. The company, no doubt, could purchase these things as cheaply as they could make them, but it does not follow out their line of policy; the is the shop one will enter from this point — the new boiler works. This is a portion of the new works which is contemplated and for which plans have been drawn some little time. The building is built after the most im- proved plan and is most substantially constructed, having plenty of light and room enough for carrying on all works without obstruction, and so arranged that machinery will work to the utmost advantage. Running the full length of this shop is a traveling crane, operated by electricity, which has a lifting ca- 54 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. pacity of thirty tons; it is quick acting and will do the work much more speedily than the old style or those which are operated by steam power. The shop is supplied with practically every modern machine, including a com- pressed air and hydraulic plants, which furnish power for rivetting, drilling, etc., and is easily transported by means of a hose and pipes from various parts of the building, or can be carried on to adjacent places on the premises. There are also gigantic punches, one of the largest set of rolls for rolling sheet iron in the United States, enormous shears for cutting up plate used in the construction of boilers — and, in fact, requires a great deal of bodily exer- tion, and place it in position upon the vessel required, in a fraction of the time it now takes to perform this task. This traveling crane will move over the section allotted to shipbuild- ing purposes; in other words (using the picture of the George W. Dickenson which is shown in a picture herewith as an illustration) this bridge will be able to move above such vessels, and one can readly appreciate the enormous advantage of having such an auxiliary to the work in hand. This portion of the yard will probably be devoted to wooden shipbuilding and has ample capacity for several vessels on the MoRAN Bros. Co. -How a shu' looks on the inside while in first stagesof construction. almost every conceivable device for expediting the handling of the parts which go to make up boilers. From this building one turns to the west and follows the wharf out to the ship yards. A portion of the sheds, which will be extended clear to the outer limits of the wharf, have already been constructed, and some idea can be formed of the way it will operate when completed. To be brief, it contem- plates an electric traveling bridge, which will be sufficiently high to move above vessels which are being built in the yard, and modeled much after the steam or power cranes; it will enable the operator to pick up a stick of tim- ber or other heavy material which now stocks at one time. A waterway suffi- ciently wide to permit of egress and ingress will be left, and on the oppo- site side, near where the present ma- rine railway is situated, will be located a floating drydock of size and capacity sutlicient to life up any vessel which may desire to take advantage of it. The machinery for this dock is now being built by the company, and it will be constructed as speedily as possible. At the present time the whole works, from one end to the otner, are going through a transitory state. The plans contemplated call for the most modern and complete shipbuilding plant in the country, in which both steel and wooden ships can be advantageously SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 55 built. It will be possible when finished — in fact, very shortly — to do the labor that now requires a dozen men to per- form, with the assistance of but one or two; for instance, a large steam crane will be constructed on the outer end of the northern wharf, which will be capable of lifting seventy-five tons. Upon the completion of a boiler weigh- ing fifty or sixty tons, it will be lifted from the floor of the boiler shop upon a car, and this car will run out through the works upon the wharf alongside of the waiting vessel, and this great, im- The present offices will be torn away, and a brick building erected in their place, with ample quarters, and speci- ally guarded against any possible fire. There will be railroad side tracks for the receiving of freight, built into yards, and trackage facilities through- out the yards for the transporting of their own material from one point to another, operated by their own loco- motives; and by being able to manu- facture not only in wood, but in all kinds of metal, everything practically used in the construction of a ship. h jgtMimn'^mmuM MoRAN Bros. Co.'s Siiii' Yard. --The 1-'rame oi SxE.vmer Geo. W. Dickinson 30 days after LAYING KEEL. mense crane will pick it up and lower it in position, doing the work in half a day that under ordinary circum- stances requires several weeks. It is intended to build the shops, or an ex- tension of the boiler shops, through to the northern entrance, or, practically speaking, where the offices now sfand. in which will be located the machine shops, the foundry, blacksmith shop and various establishments now locat- ed in the various buildings, all in this one great establishment, with the ex- ception of the pattern shop and furni- ture factory. The building then will have an approximate length of .580 feet. down to the minutest detail, the Moran Brothers Company will have an estab- lishment which will exceed anything at present on the Pacific Coast. The saw mill which was recently constructed by them and is now in operation, hav- ing a capacity of 80.000 feet of lumber per day, gives them the advantage of getting out just such lumber and such wooden materials as are best needed for all purposes. To give an idea of the magnitude of the foundry which they have in opera- tion, it can be stated that a few day.s since a single casting was made which contained 32.000 pounds of metal. It is 56 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. doubted if any larger castings were ever made on the Pacific Coast than this. But to describe the whole estab- lishment in the minutest detail would occupy a very considerable space and probably be so technical that the aver- age reader would not understand it. It has been more the purpose of this article to give some general idea of what shipbuilding in Seattle is destined to become, rather than to go into the finer details. abled to compress hay into one-half the volume or space formerly required to put up this commodity, and during the past year they have developed an enormous trade. They are wholesale dealers in feed, grain, hay, building materials of all kinds, such as lime, plaster and cement, and their increase last year over the previous year was equal to 35 per cent. The company has been in business here for nine years, and now has a trade which ex- MORAN Bros. Company. View of Steamer Geo. W. Dickinson 50 days after her keel was laid. She is being built for Pacific Clipper Line. GALBRAITH, BACON & COMPANY, One of the extensive commodities that is shipped from Seattle to Alaska and to the Orient, and which has grown considerably during the past year, is hay and mill feed. Through a process of compression Galbraith, Bacon & Co., who occupy the Gal- braith Dock at the foot of Washington Street, upon the water front, are en- tends all over Western Washington, down to the Hawaiian Islands, into California and into Alaska. J. E. Gal- braith is the senior partner and man- ager and is represented as one of the very substantial merchants doing busi- ness in Seattle. He occupies a very beautiful residence at No. 109 Fif- teenth Avenue North, a picture of which is shown in future pages of this volume. Their warehouse is one of SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 57 the busy places in the city. Eleven steamboats make a landing at this place, and have intercourse with all points on Puget Sound. About their wharf and in their warehouse they give steady employment to thirty peo- ple, and during the year they will pro- bably increase this number, at least to the extent of putting representatives on the road to travel in their interest. ROHLFS & SCHODER, Seattle has one of the largest bank and office fixture manufacturing con- in banks, offices, steamboats and stores and covers a pretty wide range. The firm is one of the best known on Pu- get Sound, and the fact that their es- tablishment is crowded with orders and their mill is about one of the busiest places in Seattle is evidence of the standing they possess. An illus- tration is shown herewith which will give some idea of the size of the build- ing they occupy, but to thoroughly ap- preciate the great amount of industry manifested one is compelled to make a visit through their place. Factory of Rholfs & Schoder. cerns in the Northwest in the firm of Rohlfs & Schoder. They are located at 610 to 620 First Avenue South in a building 150x150 feet in size. They have been established here since 1889 and are really the successors of the Hall & Poison Furniture Company. At the present time they give employment to forty people and the extent of their trade is very considerable. Their prod- uct, as above stated, consists of bank and ofiice fixtures, which means prac- tically the manufacture of counters, steamboat fixtures, and all kinds of stationary furniture, such as is used ONE Ox" THE BIG MACHINE WORKS. One of the largest and best known machine works on the North Pacific Coast is that of the Washington Iron Works Company, which occupies twa and one-half blocks of land on Grant Street, in the southern part of the city. Some illustrations accompany this arti- cle, which will afford an idea of the magnitude of the plant. The one of the exterior view does not take in the entire establishment, because of the fact that the buildings in which are located the foundry are some little dis- 58 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. The Plant of Washingiun' Iron Works Co. SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 59 tance away on the opposite side of the street. Illustrations, however, do not always tell a complete story in them- selves, but help to emphasize their character and magnitude. The Wash- ington Iron Works was established in 1882. and has steadily grown from that day to this, until it now occupies a foremost position in the manufacture and repair of all kinds of machinery. The principal product of this concern is the manufacture of engines and exceed that this year. The com- pany give employment to over 140 men in their various departments. One of their specialties, if it may be called that, is the building of a logging en- gine along the lines of great superior- ity. The demand by loggers through- out the Coast for this particular en- gine has been so great that it has been almost impossible to supply the de- mand. J. M. Frink, president and general manager of the company. James Street, Looking Toward Pioneer Square, Showing Seattle Hotel on Left. boilers, as well as all kinds of mining, milling and logging machinery. Their product has been sold in the North- ern territory on the one hand, and as far south as Nicaragua on the other. Because of their general increase in business they contemplate a gen- eral enlargement and are now engaged in installing considerable new machinery, two car loads of which recently arrived from the East. Their increase last year over the previous year amounted to fully 20 per cent and it will probably states that these engines are sold fast- er than they can be made, and that he looks forward to a very big year's busi- ness for 1900. It is establishments like this wnich give very great prestige to the manu- facturing industries of Seattle and give the city a high reputation among all classes of people. The foundry belong- ing to the company is one of the finest on the Coast and is fitted out with ev- ery modern convenience for the han- dling of all kinds of castings, includ- ing those of very great size. 6o SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. THE J, E. FOX SAW WORKS, The only plant for the manufacture of saws upon the Coast is located here in Seattle. It is the establishment of the J. E. Fox saw works. The manu- facturing establishment or works are the saw works have developed a very extensive business. They have been established here six years. Last year the increase in their business was fully 200 per cent in excess of the year pre- vious, and this year it is contemplated to greatly enlarge the plant and afford a much greater capacity. At the pres- •A. Group of Seattle Manufactories. located at 901 First Avenue South, while their office and warehouse is lo- cated at 112 Washington Street. The works occupy a building 60x180 feet, two stories in height, a picture of which is shown among other indus- tries. The concern manufacture all kinds of circular saws and saw teeth for use of lumber and shingle manu- facturers, and as this place is the cen- tre of a very large lumbering industry. ent time twenty-two men are employed, in addition to one man who travels upon the road in the interest of the concern. The saws made by the Fox saw works are used all over Washing- ton, and in many places outside of the State. Practically speaking, the firm have had all the business they could do, and in order to keep up with the demand are compelled to increase their capacity. SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 6r THE CRESCENT MANUFACTURING COMPANY. An illustration is shown, among other manufacturing concerns of this city, of the building occupied by the Crescent Manufacturing Company at 315 Occidental Avenue. The company occupy the entire three floors and base- ment, the building being 60x120 feet in size. The character of the business aside from the coffee and spice busi- ness, of putting up a superior quality of baking powder and extracts. Their representatives while on the road are constantly making demonstrations of their brand of baking powder in con- junction with brands of other well known makes, and in every instance the Crescent people are able to make a better showing. It is the same way with the extracts they put up; and the time will certainly come when the goods which are manufac- tured by this firm in Seattle will take precedence of those articles which are shipped in here from abroad, which indicates very clearly that Seattle manufacturers are able to thoroughly cope with the problem of manufacturing, and will in time be able to occupy this field entirely themselves. Not only is the stock equally as good, but the manner of putting up is equally as attractive and does the local concern very much credit. They also put up considerable tea under their own brand, and also for local firms who purchase from them. HALL BROTHERS' SHIP YARD. The Northern Hotki, on Iirst Avemi: consists in roasting and packing coffee, manufacturing the Crescent baking powder and extracts, and in the grind- ing of spices. They have been estab- lished here twelve years. Their 'busi- ness last year shows an increase of 25 per cent over the year previous. At the present time over thirty people are employed in the establishment and five men are kept upon the road introduc- ing the company's product to the trade throughout the State of Washington and in Alaska. They make a specialty. Hall Brothers' ship yard which is locatep across the Sound from Seattle, at Port Blakeley, is one of the pioneer shipbuilding coucerns on Puget Sound. Hall Brothers have been ^o" TH. engaged in business here for twenty-seven years, more than twenty of which have been spent at Port Blakeley, and many of the first-class wooden ships which are plying the waters of the Pacific Ocean today are the product of their yards. During the past few years, particularly, they have been exceedingly 'busy; and the illustration shown herewith shows three vessels upon the stocks which have since been launched and are now in the service. At the present time three vessels are under course of con- struction, and will be ready for launch- 62 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. ing during the next few months. Hall Brothers probably have the best repu- tation for the building of wooden ships of any concern engaged in shipbuilding upon the Pacific Coast, and have more fine vessels to their credit than any other concern. During the year 1899 three four-masted schooners were built and launched from their yards, as fol- lows: Winslow, William H. Smith and Lottie Burnett, practically of the same size and tonnage. The registered di- mensions of these vessels were: Length, 107 feet 4 Inches; breadth, 37 feet 6 inches; depth, 12 feet 8 inches; for ships of all kind and character is giving them all the work they can possibly do at the present time. They are now employing something over lOO hands. THE PUGET SOUND NEWS CO, The Puget Sound News Company, a branch of the American News Com- pany, of New York, was established in 1894. The company does a general Hall Hkothers' SnII>^ ard. 1'ort Ulakeley. gross tonnage, 566, net 496; lumber- carrying capacity, 750,000; dead weight, 1000 tons. They have recently launch- ed a four-masted schooner, which was built for Allen & Robinson of Hono- lulu, with registered dimensions as follows: Length, 202 feet 2 inches; breadth, 40 feet 2 incffes; depth, 15 feet 9 inches; gross tonnage, 950, net 839; lumber-carrying capacity, 1.100,- 000; dead weight, 1850 tons. Alto- gether the vessels which this firm has turned out, including those which are now on the stocks, run up to ninety- six, a record which is rather difficult to beat by any concern, no matter where located. The very great demand business in newspapers and periodicals covering Oregon, Washington, Idaho, all the Northwest Territory and Al- aska. They also supply the railroad train service north of the Columbia river. The Puget Sound News Com- pany also receives and handles sub- scriptions for papers and periodicals of every description and in every writ- ten language. Their business associa- tion with the American News Com- pany, which has branches and corres- pondents in all parts of the world, affords them unrivaled facilities for promptly filling orders for publications from any country. The company as- SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 63 sumes responsibility for all monies re- ceived on subscriptions. This company also conducts a com- prehensive wholesale stationery and book business, their paper-covered book trade being the largest on the Coast north of San Francisco. The three floors of their establishment in the elegant stone block opposite the railway passenger center of the city, at the northwest corner of Columbia street and Western avenue, are crowd- ed with their constantly changing and immense stock of stationery, books, periodicals and newspapers. Building of Puget Sound News Co SEATTLE BREWING AND MALTING COMPANY, It is a gratifying fact that the product of the Seattle Brewing & Malting Company has reached that point of excellence and celebrity where it is placed in competition with all beers of the world. Their "Rainier Beer" is now to be found in the markets of nearly every country bordering on the Pacific. The company have numerous testimonial letters, received from dis- interested parties in Hongkong, Shang- hai, Tokio, Manila, Bankok, Honolulu, Guatemala, San Salvador. San Francis- co and many other places, which speak in the highest terms of "Rainier Beer," lauding both its palatableness and its purity. The company feels a pardon- able pride in the fact that their product is free from any of the deleterious sub- stances oft-times, for the sake of econ- omy, made to take the place of malt and hops in beer manufacture. A small army of employes is required to perform the multiple duties of brew- ing, ice-making, bottling, labeling, packing, selling, shipping, delivering, etc., together with the large office force. The plant is equipped with every facilily and modern appliance to expedite the work. The company malts its own barley and makes its own ice. Their bottling depart- ment has of late been greatly enlarged to meet the growing de- mand. This depart- ment is a great enter- prise by itself. The phenomenal success of the company is due in a great measure, to the i ndefa t igable efforts of Ueneral Manager E. F. Sweeney, who is a brewer to the manor Viorn, having been in the business since childhood. The officers of the com- pany are: Andrew Hemrich, president; E. E. Sweeney, vice- president and general manager; J. F. Campion, treasurer, and J. G. Fox, secretary. The export business of the institution is constantly on the increase. Mearly every steamer to Alaska, to Honolulu or the Orient carries a good sized consign- ment of Rainier beer. The title "Rainier Beer," which is now familiar to every shore washed by the Pacific, was chosen by the company, as the name naturally suggestssuperiority and purity. Rainier, the grand old mountain, robed in purest white, rises sublimely above all surrounding peaks ; this excellent bever- age enjoys an eminence in popularity and purity combined which no rival on the Coast has vet attained. 64 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. Seattle Brlhin(i/^M\ltin< ftoftlino v*o, THE 4. i . . • » . . i 4 (eiel)rMe(i Rainiew BtCR. •^""•' c.\jKi. HviMtK;RCM^«R/i»i/>mcn|: Where Rainier Beer is Made. SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 65 THE STETSON-POST MILL COMPANY. The Stetson-Post Mill Company is one of the pioneer lumbering concerns of Seattle; in fact, when the mill was built away back in 1875 on its present site just below the coal bunkers in this city, they were practically alone in the lumber trade, save for some very inconsiderable concerns located on this side of the bay. Their site in those days was considered quite a ways out of town, comparatively speaking, but the city has now grown around them so completely that they are al- both the mill and the sash and door factories were running at their full capacity. They give employment now to over one hundred men, two-thirds of whom are employed in the saw mill proper. About one-third of the product of the mill goes East by rail, the bal- ance being used for local consumption; the product of the sash and door fac- tory is all used locally. Among other improvements which have been made during the past year was a large shed used for planing machines. The illus- tration which accompanies this article gives a rather comprehensive view of Mill and Yard of the Stetson-Post Mill Company in Seattle. ready crowded for room, and are, prac- tically speaking, doing a saw mill busi- ness right in the heart of the water front. They own the site of nine acres on which their mill is located; in addition to their big mill they have a sash and door factory — recent improve- ments have been made to this at a cost of $12,000 and they are already taxed to their utmost to supply the demand made upon them. Mr. Stetson, in the course of an interview upon the lum- ber trade, stated that the increase last year was a very substantial one, and the property of the Stetson-Post Mill Company and shows the magnitude of the concern as it stands today. The property owned by the company is one of the most valuable in the city. THE DIAMOND ICE COMPANY, One of the very considerable cold storage plants and ice factories located upon the Pacific Coast is that of the Diamond Ice Company, which is 1^ 66 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. cated on Western Avenue and Union Street. An exterior picture of the building, together with an interior picture of the methods used in manu- machinery they will increase the capa- city this year by 50 per cent. Twenty people are employed about the place in various capacities. In addition to the manufacture of ice, which at present is thirty tons per day, they have a very extensive cold storage warehouse, in which butter, eggs, beer, cheese and fish are kept for local dealers, which has a capacity of 150,000 cubic feet. The largest por- tion of their cold storage plant is de- voted to the freezing o f fresh ti s h ; this h a s a capacity of two carloads or 40,000 pounds per day. The system in use for mak- ing ice is what is known as the Pusey The Estadlishment of the Diamond Ice Co facturing ice, is shown in this article, and will give an idea of how extensive this establishment has become. They have been established here since 1893 and have built up a very large busi- ness — the increase last year shows a giain of 25 per cent, and with additional system. The ice is made upon plates and is sliced off first in cakes 22 inches by 11 inches thick and 66 inches long, making a cake that weighs 500 pounds; it goes from here to the recutter and there is cut into three cakes of 150 to 175 pounds, and in these sizes is stored in the ice house. vSEATTlvE AND THE ORIICNT. 67 The ice is all made from distilled wa- ter and is as pure as any natural ice that can be found. The capacity for storage purposes is fifteen hundred tons. It is probable that their capa- city for filling orders is not exceeded by any other concern in the country. Last season they received in one day an order for 125 tons of product, mak- in a whole train load. It was filled within eight hours and started off on its journey, a record that would be very difficult to beat. a capacity of 1800 barrels per day; they also own a mill at Spokane with a capacity of 700 barrels per day, and aside from the product which is fur- nished for domestic consumption in both places, the balance is all shipped foreign, and already a trade has been developed with China, Japan, Siberia and Hawaii. The increase last year was fully 50 per cent over the year previous, and the near future will probably see further increases in the quantity manufactured. Mr. Thomson, i i c.1e:nniai.miulJco.J cUil * ' ttiuio I I I I I n 11 t I t 11 i" The Plant of Centennial Mill Co., Seattle. THE CENTENNIAL MILL COMPANY, The Centennial Mill Company, which has now been established in this city for two and a half years, is al- ready reaching out for a very consider- able Oriental trade. They have al- ready shipped a good many cargoes di- rect to the far East, the last two of which, amounting to nearly 6000 tons, having gone to Siberia. In this city they own six and one-half acres of land very advantageously located upon the bay and have a flouring mill with the president of the company, has al- ready made several trips to the Orient and has succeeded in establishing him- self there very firmly. A VERY EXTENSIVE FIRM, The firm of M. & K. Gottstein, locat- ed at 806 Yesler Way, in a five-story brick building 30 by 120 feet in size (a fine illustration of which is herewith shown), is one of the very considerable wholesale houses in the Northwest. 68 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. They probably carry the largest line of liquors, wines and cigars of any firm in Washington; they are also one of the oldest firms in Seattle, having been established since 1883. Their increase last year over the previous year is fully 25 per cent, and from present in- dications they will show a more mark- ed gain this year. They have eleven that within a few years Seattle will be doing a very large trade in all of the principal points in the Orient. Wholesale House of M. & K. Gottstein men employed in their establishment and keep three men traveling upon the road and are now selling goods in Alaska, all over the State of Washing- ton, and over a portion of Oregon; with the beginning of the present year they are developing a trade with Ja- pan, shipments to that country having already been made. They believe thoroughly in expansion and think OUR BIG IMPORTERS, One of the largest importing firms in this city dealing directly with Ori- ental countries is that of the Wa Chong Company, who occupy their four- story brick building, located on Third Ave- nue South. The prin- cipal articles wliicb they handle are tea and rice and Chinese merchandise. They operate their own rice mill in their estab- lishment in this city, which has a capacity of seven tons per day. In addition to the house in Seattle, they have houses in Mon- tana, and supply very much in the way of tea and rice and gen- eral Chinese merchan- dise to points in that section. In addition to being very exten- sive importers, they buy very large quan- tities of American flour and export it to- their Oriental con- nections. T he head, of the firm.Wa Chong, is one of tlie oldest and best known citizens in Seattle and has. a high standing in the Western com- mercial world. THE NEWELL MILL COMPANY. The Newell Mill Company occupies the most southern portion of Elliott Bay, having a capacity of 50,000 feet of lumber, 70,000 shingles and 10,000 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 69 lath a day. Its location is in Soutli Seattle upon a site of land which com- prises ten acres. Mr. George Newell, the president, established the mill six- teen years ago and is one of the shin- ing examples on Puget Sound of suc- cess in the milling business. Like most energetic men he has had his ups and downs, fire having visited his place once, but still he has succeeded beyond his most sanguine expectations builders, but furnish free steam and, incidentally, the use of more or less machinery. Were it not for the Newell Mill Company, South Seattle would not be as important as it is today. The fact that they give employment to over fifty men, the majority of whom own their own homes, makes it a thriving little place. Most of the product of the mill is sold locally. The Plant OF THE Newell Mill Co., South Seattle. and today, together with his son Fred W., who is the secretary and manager of the concern, occupies a position of absolute independence. Alongside of the mill, of which a very excellent picture is here^yith shown, the mill company has a ship- yard, and although not running it themselves, usually have one or more vessels in course of construction most of the time. In fact, they rather en- courage any kind of industry and not only give the ground rent free to ship TAX RATE. The tax rate in Seattle, including State, County, City and School is 21% mills upon a valuation of about three- fifths of the market value of the prop- erty. This is a reduction of about 11 mills since 1893, and shows a very gratifying state of affairs. The city's credit stands high, both locally and with financial centers of the East, and no difficulty has been experienced in disposing of its bonds at a very sub- 70 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. stantial premium. The city is on a cash basis and has no floating debt outside of that for which bonds have been issued. The greater part of these bonds bear 5 per cent interest. COMMERCIAL STREET BOILER WORKS, The Commercial Street Boiler Works, of which H. W. Markey is the propri- etor, and which is located on First Avenue South and Lane Street, occu- the work through with great expedi- tion. This one point illustrates the' fact very clearly that Seattle is able to do any kind of contract work in mat- ters of this kind, and her establish- ments are as thoroughly advanced as those in San Francisco. The Commer cial Street Boiler Works has 'been es- tablished here thirteen years. The business the past year has shown a very great increase, being fully 75 per cent in excess of the previous year, and The Commercial Street Boiler Works. pying a building 45x138 feet in size, is an establishment of very considerable magnitude. As an instance of this fact it can be stated that Mr. Markey has just completed one of the biggest contracts of modern boiler repairing ever done in the North. It consisted in overhauling and putting in thorough repair the boilers of the steamship Oregon, wtiich involved an expenditure of upwards of $50,000. Mr. Markey re- ceived this contract, and at once put fifty men at work upon it, and rushed it has necessitated putting on a new addition thirty feet in extent, and the purchase of new rollers and a new steam punch and the replacing of older machinery with that which is more modern and up to date. The works send men to the Eastern part of the state and generally to all parts of the country in doing repair work, or in building new boilers. Something over sixty men are employed by Mr. Mar- key, and the boilers which he makes are used for all purposes. SEATTI.E AND THE ORIENT. 71 THE HEMRICH BREWING COMPANY. The Hemrich Brewing Company, in- corporated in 1899. by Alvin and Louis Hemrich of Seattle, has already ac- quired a solid footing in commercial circles on the Coast, owing to the excellence of its wares and to the wide experience of the incorporators and their extensive acquaintance on the Sound. The name of "Hemrich" has been connected with all the various brewing concerns of Seattle from its has recently necessitated the doubling of their capacity. The enlarged plant, equipped with the best modern ma- chinery and appliances, is now com- plete and in operation. The following excerpts from the Am- erican Journal of Health, of New York, are self-explanatory: * * * "a few days ago we made an analysis of th'^ beers manufactured by the Hemrich Brothers Brewing Company of Seattle, Wn., and we found no trace whatever of any ingredient that should not enter The Brewery of Hemrich Bros., near Lake Union. early bistory. The brothers were con- nected with the old Bay View Brewing Company, and later with the Seattle Brewing & Malting Company. After the consolidation of the various Se- attle breweries the Hemrichs bought the old Slorah steam brewing plant near Lake Union, converting it into a lager beer plant, since which time they have put on the market a quality of beer unexcelled on the Coast, in the manufacture of which only the best materials obtainable, are employed. The increased demand for their product into the composition of a perfect beer. But such a beer must be classed among the rare exceptions, as very few arti- cles of manufacture are adulterated to a greater extent than this beverage, for the temptation to use the cheaply prepared drugs in the place of the more costly malt and hops * * * is very great * * * and the effect of such beverages * * * is injurious. * * * We give an unqualified edi- torial endorsement to the beer brew- ed by the Hemrich Brothers Brewing Company, and it is the intrinsic worth 12 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. of itlie pi'oduct that enables us to do so." A similar endorsement, under date of September 9, 1899, 'has been receiv- ed from E. A. McDonald, state dairy and food commissioner of the State of Washington. This company also makes a superior article of porter which finds growing favor on the Sound. THE STREET CAR SYSTEM OF SEATTLE, Seattle is probably better supplied with an efficient street car service than any other city of its size in the coun- try. A recent consolidation of a ma- jority of the lines in the city under one general management will vastly improve the general service and put the various lines in far better con- dition than they have ever been be- fore. At the present times there are sixty-four miles of road, divided up, before the time of consolidation, be- tween nine different companies, six of which have passed into the hands of the new company. It is the pur- pose of the new company to continue improvements and extensions until the lines of Seattle are put in thoroughly first-class shape. These improvements, together with the purchase price, rep- resent an outlay of about five millions of dollars. Employed by the nine com- panies there are something like 418 men, who are paid $25,000 a month in the shape of salaries. At the present time ninety-four cars are employed in transporting passengers to the various points of the city. An efficient street car service prob- ably attracts more favorable atten- tion from possible investors than any- thing else in a city, with the possible exception of its bank clearances, and the fact that Boston and Eastern capi- talists have taken hold of the various lines in the city with the purpose of expending so much money is pretty good evidence that Seattle has a most excellent rating, and that the business of operating street car lines is looked upon with favor. It is sufficient to say that within the next year the new consolidated company will have a ser- vice upon its various lines which will not be equaled by any other city on the Pacific Coast. THE N. W, RICHMOND PAPER CO. The H. N. Richmond Paper Com- pany, which is located at 213-215 Occi- dental Avenue, is the only exclusive wholesale paper house in Seattle. The company is a very considerable concern and practically occupies five full floors, including basement, at the premises where it is located. They have been established here for eleven years and their trade now reaches all over Wash- ington, portions of Oregon, Idaho, Mon- tana and into Alaska. Some thirteen people are employed in their store in this city, and three men are kept trav- eling upon the road in the interest of the company. Last year the busi- ness showed an increase of fully 25 per cent over the previous year, and it is safely predicted that the present year will show equally as marked an improvement. The company unques- tionably does as extensive a business as any other wholesale paper house on the Coast. THE RAINIER CIGAR COMPANY, In a city like Seattle where so much money is expended by smokers for cigars and tobacco there ought to be more home manufactured goods sold than these are. As an evidence of the fact that Seattle is able to manufacture and sell quite as good an article as can be produced elsewhere, the Rainier Cigar Company, of which A. A. Wright is the manager, located at 1004 First Avenue, is given as an illustration. The factory, while making several brands of cigars, pay particular atten- tion to the "Rainier" brand, made in two grades, selling for 10 cents straight and two for 25 cents, and which, by the way, are equal to any cigar made in the country and superior to nine- tenths of those which are imported here and sold under the guise of strict- ly imported goods. The Rainier Cigar Company ought to have more encour- agement than they have — in fact, they, as well as every other manufacturing concern in this city, ought to be patron- ized more extensively, particularly when equally as good goods are made as those which can be purchased from other quarters. This company has been established here now five or six years. Last year the increase of the busi- SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 73 ness was very large; this year it will be still greater. They are now em- ploying twelve people in the factory, and in addition to supplying this city are also selling goods to Alaska. In regard to the manufacture of cigars a few statistics compiled by The Tobacco Leaf, a New York journal de- voted to tobacco interests, show that during the last five months of 1899 rev- enue tax in the United States was paid on an average of about 500,000,000 cigars per month. Averaging these same ratio, viz., 40 per cent, would pay the laborers in cigar factories $24,000 per month. Probably not more than 20 per cent of the amount used here are manufactured here; but $4800 per month to cigar makers alone is quite a little amount even for a city the size of Seattle. The above figures are on cigars alone, not including cigarettes or other tobaccos. The internal revenue reports for 1899 on tobaccos of all kmds averaged very nearly $5,000,000 per month. The The Store and Factory of the Rainier Cigar Co. cigars at $50 per thousand, a con- servative estimate, the selling price of these cigars amounts to the enormous sum of $25,000,000 per month. As the cost of manufacture alone amounts to about 40 per cent of the selling price, it will be seen that the various cigar factories of the United States pay their employes $10,000 per month for labor. In Seattle a conservative estimate gives the number of cigars sold each month at 1,200,000. which at $50 per thousand amounts to $60,000. If they were all manufactured here, this at the actual number of cigars manufactured in the United States for the six months ending December 31, 1899. was 3,059,- 468.663. COOPER & LEVY, One of the oldest grocery firms in the Queen City is that of Cooper & Levy, located at the southeast corner of Yesler Way and First Avenue South. They occupy three floors, each 40x110. 74 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. with an mimense stock of goods, be- sides having large warerooms else- where in the city. They do a retail grocery business as well as handling certain lines of 'hardware and house furnishing goods. The house was es- tablished in 1890 by the present part- ners, Isaac Cooper and Louis Levy, both of whom continue to take an ac- tive part in the business. The firm employs upwards of thirty persons and six wagons. Their trade, while large- ly confined to the city, is immense and is expanding rapidly. They do a strict- The firm attributes its uninterrupted success to close attention to business, selling at right prices, keeping the best grade of goods, the largest assort- ment in the city and employing ef- ficient help. THE SEATTLE TRANSFER COMPANY, Some idea can be formed of the traffic carried on in Seattle when it is stated that a single transfer company Interior View of the Store of Cooper Sl Levy. ly cash business, which insures patrons the very lowest prices and best goods. A number of their leading articles are put out under their own brand. A feature of their business is ship- ping goods to families in considerable quantities on orders by mail from the surrounding country, from British Co-- lumbia and Alaska. They issue and •mail to their patrons an illustrated 80- page price list monthly, containing a list of upwards of 400 articles, with prices of same, enabling outside people to get their goods as close as residents of the city. gives employment to 85 horses and 7& men. The whole story is told when these figures are given. The company referred to is the Seattle Transfer Com- pany. They occupy their own building, which is 120 feet square, and consists of two floors, located near the North- ern Pacific freight depot, in the south- ern part of the city. They have been established here since 1888, and in ad- dition to a general transfer business, such as handling baggage and express from all the trains, to and from in- coming ships, railroads and the like, they do a very large dray business and SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 75 also a very large business in furnishing carriages and hacks. In the freight business they employ fourteen trucks and two drays, and in handling bag- gage they have twelve wagons. They also have ten carriages or hacks. The stable which they occupy is pronounc- ed one of the most complete, elab- orately arranged transfer barns in the West. The lower floor is occupied by the various vehicles of the company, harness room, drying room, place for washing wagons and by offices. The upper portion is used for the horse stalls, in which they now give accom- modation to 107 head. It is divided off in a stall for each animal, with several box stalls for infirmary pur- poses. There is also a convenient place for the veterinary. All the re- fuse is carried to the rear of the build- ing quite popular, and they already have four customers, one of whom uses four wagons. The company has the right (in fact, are the only people in Seattle who have it) of boarding all incoming vessels and trains and solicit- ing baggage, and this feature of their business has grown to very large pro- portions. The president of this large concern is E. C. Neufelder, presixlent of the People's Bank, while R. J. Ree- kie is secretary and treasurer and looks after the active management. THE SEATTLE HARDWARE COMPANY. Among the big houses which have given Seattle a reputation throughout Interior Main Store of Seattle Hardware Co. ing and from there dumped into the Sound, the waters of which rise with each succeeding tide. On the whole, it is most elaborately arranged. The Seattle Transfer Company also have two large omnibuses of their own, which they run to and from various trains and steamers. They were the first people in town to adopt rub- ber tires on their carriages. One of the features which they have recently added to their business is that of fur- nishing delivery wagons complete, in- cluding driver, to any merchant who desires the same, the payment for the service being made once a month. In this way the transfer company fur- nishes the entire equipment, keeps the wagons in order and stands all risk, the merchant simply paying for the service in a lump sum. It is becom- the West as a jobbing center, the Se- attle Hardware Company takes a lead- ing place. In order to emphasize the size and importance of their establish- ment several illustrations are herewith reproduced, showing both their whole- sale department and their retail store. The company has a capital of $200,000 and are shipping goods all over the State of Washington, Alaska, British Columbia and into Idaho. In order to cover this territory five men are con- stantly upon the road, and the goods and stock handled by this well known firm finds a very wide distribution. Some idea can be formed of the en- ormous trade carried on when it is stated that ninety people are employed, and although established but fifteen years they now take rank with any of the big concerns doing a like busi- 76 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. ness in San Francisco, and practically :are able to drive out all competition from the southern metroplis, and it will only be a question of a very short time when this firm will be able to enlarge its field of action and be sell- ing goods direct to the various points in the Orient. The floor space occu- pied by them amounts to something like 50.000 square feet. Last year the increase in business was 10 per cent in excess of the year 1898, a very large showing when it is taken into con- fully alive to the demands that are being made upon them and that they will easily and successfully be able to do the enlarged trade which it is con- fidently predicted will ensue by closer trade relations with our Oriental neigh- bors. THE PACIFIC COAST COMPANY, The Pacific Coast Company, which now has its general offices and head- SoME General Views of Seattle Hardware Co. sideration with the fact that the year 1898 was considered a banner year. One of the notable undertakings which this company have just accomplished is the issuance of a 1100-page illustrated catalogue, which has been printed at a cost of $12,000. Such an undertaking has never before been attempt- ed on the Pacific Coast, and this fact lends all tne more weight to the enterprise and energy displayed by the Seattle con- cern and shows that houses here are quarters in this city, is one of the largest steamship companies on tlie Pacific Coast, and in order to get a comprehensive idea of how extensive they are, the following list of vessels which they operate is enumerated: Steamships Queen. Santa Rosa. Cot- tage City, State of California. City of Topeka, Coos Bay, Santa Cruz, Walla Walla, City of Pueblo, Corona, Coracao, Alki, Bonita, Gipsy, Umatilla, Senator, Orizaba, Alex. Duncan and Willamette, having a total carrying capacity of 32,- SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 17 495. The routes operated are practi- cally five in number, as follows: Cali- fornia, southern coast, between San Francisco and San Diego, California, at which all the ports, large and small, lying between those places are visited; the next is the Sian Francisco, British Columbia and Puget Sound, between San Francisco and Seattle, which also includes Victoria and Vancouver, Brit- SoME Ships of the Pacific Coast Co ish Columbia; the next route or divi- sion is the line plying between Puget Sound and Alaska, which includes all points on Lynn Canal, as far north as Sitka; the next is San Francisco to Humboldt Bay, a distinct service being performed between the southern metropolis and Eureka, California; then there is the San Francisco and Mexican route, which consists of a line of steamers plying between San Fran- cisco and Guaymas, Mexico, and vari- ous intermediate ports. In addition tO' these steamship routes, the Pacific- Company has several lines of railway,, which they also operate— one of these' the Columbia and Puget Sound Rail- road is used largely for coal purposes out of Seattle, and was, by the way, the first railroad that Seattle ever had.. In luldition to this line, they operate the- Fort Townsend audi Southern under the head of the Port. Townsend division and the Port Towns- end Southern under the title of Olympia division. Besides these roads they also own and operate the S^eattle and Nortliern, which forms import- ant connections be- tween points in i^^kagit. County and Anacor- tes. They also own a. very extensive line in California, which they operate in connection, with the Southern California steamship service. The enumer- ation of these facts- will convey to the reader that the com- pany is one of very considerable extent, and entering so large- ly into transportation laciiities, wields a very considerable influence upon a city like Seat- tle. Some illustra- tions which are shown will give an idea of the character of the ships; one in particu- lar shows two ot their big ships, which ply between here and San Francisco, lying at their own dock at the same time, both engaged in taking on or discharging cargoes. The com- pany this season will enlarge its Alas- ka business by the establishment of a line running to Nome and Cape York, putting into this service some of their largest and best vessels. Up to a few- years ago the company kept their head- quarters in San Francisco, but within the past few years the general offices. SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. have been removed to this city, and that fact is naturally of considerable importance as increasing the prestige of Seattle as the home of one of the big Pacific steamship lines. One of the features of this company has been the inauguration for some years now of an excursion steamer at regular periods to ried. It is probably safe to say that the Queen has carried more distin- guished people than any other steam- ship in the service at the present time. interesting points in Alaska, steamer Queen has been the one which is doing this service, arid in this way thousands of people all over the United States have occasion to get brief glimpses of the "land of the midnight sun" and the land which has been made famous during the past few The DO A BIG EXPORT TRADE, O. D. Colvin, sales agent at Seattle Ships of the Pacific Coast Co. years by its phenomenal harvest of gold. The Queen is a very fine ship, having a capacity for 250 first-class passengers, and is supplied with all modern improvements and appliances, and has become very famous by reason of the great number of people all over the United States which she has car- of tlie American Steel and Wire Company of New York, Chicago and San Francisco, came to the State of Washington in 1888 and settled in Seattle in 1890. For a number of years Mr. Colvin was connected with the county offices of King County. In 1895 he was appointed auditor of the Seattle Consolidated Street Railway Company, as well as auditor of the Rainier Power & Railway Company. In 1896 he was ap- pointed receiver of the Front Street Cable Railway by the Federal Court, which position he filled with such cred- it for four years that, on the reorgan- ization of the company, at the expira- tion of that period, he was appointed as general manager of the road by the new organization. Mr. Colvin re- mained in this capacity until August, SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 79 1899, when he severed his connection with the road to devote his entire time to the business of the American Steel and Wire Company. The American Steel and Wire Com- pany controls about 95 per cent of the manufacture and sale of nails, barbed and plain wire, etc., manufactured in the United States. The company is practically a consolidation of nearly all the mills manufacturing wire prod- ucts in this country. It owns and oper- ates forty-two distinct manufacturing establishments in different States in the Union. In addition to the above lines, the company manufactures ex- tensively steel sheets and plates, chains, 'horseshoes, boat and track spikes, polished shafting, field fencing, woven wire fencing and, in the Wash- burn & Moen department — which was purchased outright in 1899 by the com- pany — manufacture and market elec- trical wires, bare and insulated copper wire, trolley wire, submarine cables, telegraph and telephone wire, steel spring wire, special wires, coil springs of all kinds and wire rope and steel hawsers, etc. Frank L. Brown, of San Francisco, is the Pacific Coast sales agent, cover- ing the Pacific States, as well as Idaho, Utah, Montana and Nevada, and Alas- ka, British Columbia and Northwest Territory. The Seattle agency reports to San Francisco and its territory em- braces Washington, British Columbia, Northwest Territory and Alaska. The business at the Seattle agency has increased wonderfully during the past year. Mr. Colvin has recently fitted up an elegant suite of offices at 108 West Washington Street, the of- fices being connected with a store room, where electrical and special wires are carried in stock. The heavier stock, such as wire rope, nails, barbed wire, etc., are kept at their large ware- house elsewhere in the city. By reason of Seattle's geographical position, the agency here is able to do business throughout British Colum- bia and the Northwest Territory, and hence commands all this trade. From San Francisco a very heavy export business is carried on in which all Pa- cific countries are supplied. In time, naturally, much of this export trade will be supplied through Seattle. THE SEATTLE GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY. This city unquestionably possesses the most complete and elaborate gas lighting and heating plant on the Coast. It is conceded to be conducted upon more systematic and business- like principles than that of any other company in this region of the West, and as a result the Seattle Gas and Electric Company is giving a service which cannot be excelled. People may make complaints of other corporations supplying general utilities, but it is rare, indeed, when anything is direct- ed against the gas company. General Manager C. R. Collins came out here from the East a few years ago, and at once proceeded to lay a foundation for doing business. He possessed what few other men in the West possessed — a thorough knowledge of the gas business. He was practical. As a re- sult, he began, as soon as possible, to make gas which had the proper illumi- nating powers. When he got the product he put it upon the market, so to speak. He made it a business mat- ter, and, unlike gas corporations, he exacted only what was just and rea- sonable. He moreover met the peo- ple half way. If they had complaints he listened to them; if possible, they were speedily set to rights. No one was asked to pay for gas he did not burn. Meters were regularly inspect- ed and patrons given to understand that the company only wanted what was just. People were also assisted in many ways. New devices were added for convenience. Prepayment meters, the first on the Coast, were put in so that a customer can pay for his gas just as he uses it. The latest in the way of ranges were secured and sold to patrons at cost. That these up-to- date methods have been appreciated is evidenced by the fact that today in the city of Seatttle there are over 2500 gas ranges in use. There are also 25,000 Welsbach burners in use. Some illustrations are shown in this article which will give a good idea of the company's plant at Fifth Avenue and Grant Street and of the size of the big 860,000-foot holder, one of the largest in the country. The other pic- tures are of the offices and sales room. The company has a total of sixty miles of gas mains. The rapid growth of the city will compel an increase of 25 per 8o SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. cent to this number of miles. During the past four years the whole plant has practically been rebuilt, mains either have been increased in number or re- laid entirely; the big gas holder built and a general increased standard of ex- cellency maintained. Besides the gas business, they supply a very consider- able number of arc and incandescent electric lights from their own plant. Their general offices and sales room is at 216 Cherry Street. Besides the of- fices, they have a stock of stoves, heat- ers, gas and electric fixtures, and, in yards and unloaded in their own coal bunkers. The intricate details of the business are more interesting, but space in this article is too limited save for a general cursory view of the whole system, and is intended only to show in a gen- eral way how thorough the system is- conducted and maintained under its present management. Speaking in gen- eral terms, Seattle has the most up-to- date gas company in the whole West, and forms an interesting chapter to Seattle's progress. General View of Works of Seattle Gas & Electric Co., Showing a Gas Holder with a Capacity of 860,000 feet. fact, every conceivable kind of appli- ance known in gas heating. The low- er fioors are used for store rooms and for work shops. The company employs from eighty to 100 men in various capacities, includ- ing those about the works. The coal used for manufacturing gas all comes from Washington mines, the oars bear- ing the coal being run right into the Speaking about the prepayment me- ters, which are becoming so popular with householders, Seattle is the only city which takes kindly to them, so far, it is said. This is because the people of Seattle like to pay for what they consume as they go along. Other cities find it slow to Tiave them used, but here they are preferred. SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. Offices and Store of Seattle Gas & Electric Co. 82 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. WE TAKE TEA AND SILK, The leading articles imported by this country from Japan are raw silk and tea. The value of the silk imports for the fiscal year ending June 30 were $10,010,885 in 1897, $16,510,502 in 1898, and $14,920,787 for 1899. The tea im- ports in pounds were 45,465,161 in 1897, 26,233,407 in 1898 and 29,277,798 for 1899. The tariff on tea has cut down our tea imports from Japan about 40 try to Japan for the fiscal year ending June 30 last were, in order: Cotton, $5,775,784; petroleum, $2,461,475; tobac- co, unmanufactured, $2,414,482; wheat flour, $722,910; manufactured tobacco, $512,218; scientific and electric instru- ments, $232,892; clocks and watches, $188,602; vehicles, $142,301. The ag- gregate of iron and steel exports to Japan is also large, the exports of railway iron last year from this coun- try to Japan being $1,150,766. The new tariff of Japan cut down Japan's Hotel Seattle, Junction of Yesler Way and James St., Known as Occidental Block, erected and owned by john collins. per cent. Bradstreet's states that the Japanese delegates now in this coun- try for the purpose of getting our tea duties removed or modified claim that said duties greatly hamper and like- wise threaten the trade relations of the two countries. "Last year," says this authority, "the average price of tea in the Japanese markets was $12.50 per 133 pounds. While the tax on tea is $13.30 for the same amount, so that the tax amounts to more than the orig- inal price of tea." The principal exports of this coun- total imports of manufactured goods for the first seven months of the year 37 per cent and the imports from the United States 18 per cent. THE HOTEL SEATTLE, Hotel Seattle is located at the in- tersection of James Street, Yesler Way and First Avenue, within from one to two blocks of all the railway passen- ger depots and principal passenger SEATTLK AND THE ORIENT. 83 docks in the city. Ttiis liotel tias 200 guest rooms, all outside. One hundred and sixty of these are strictly front rooms, all facing business streets. The rooms are all elegantly furnished and arranged with a view to comfort and convenience. The building is of brick and stone, and is five stories in height. The hotel office and lobby is large, well lighted, elegantly furnished, overlook- ing three streets and Pioneer Square. The hotel is located at the initial point of nearly all the street car lines in the city. docks. The excellent dining room in connection with the Stevens is run by Mrs. Wescott, whose wide experience in this line especially fits her for the 'business. THE KERRY LUMBER COMPANY, An illustration is presented herewith of the Kerry Lumber Company's new sawmill, recently constructed and now in operation on the water front of this '^ T^ hii': &ilillllEJ--JL|i lllllfir MJLE.FLJLE-il if f f ? J f ■ !] I !i(i liiliiMji^^ Hotel Stevens, on First Avenue. HOTEL STEVENS, Hotel Stevens is run on both the American and European plans. It has 100 guest rooms, all first-class. A ■majority of the rooms at the Stevens are among the best in the city. This caravansary is also very conveniently located as regards railway and steam- boat lines, being but two blocks re- moved from the depots and principal city, between Broad and Clay Streets. The alacrity with which this institu- tion was rushed to completion and got down to the business of turning out the manufactured product, while surpris- ing in itself, is characteristic of Mana- ger A. S. Kerry's manner of doing business. The first piling for the mill was driven in October last, and on De- cember 20 the mill was finished to its present stage and cutting timber. Be- fore the mill is fully completed an ad- 84 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. ditional engine must be put in place, wliichi work is under way. There will also "be dry kilns, a planing mill and factory built in connection with the sawmill as soon as men and money can rush them to a finish. At present the capacity is but 50,000 feet daily; with the additional side in operation 90,000 will be a day's run. The mill is a double affair, i. e., the same as two single sawmills, side by side, under one roof. The mill proper is 256 feet in length by 56 feet in breadth, with two stories, the upper story for the manufacture of lumber and the lower story occu- size. This planer is made by the Ber- lin Machine Works, Beloit, Wis. Its. weight is 25,000 pounds. It will occu- py a place on the upper floor of the main mill. The piling under the mill is protect- ed by the "Perfection" process, a home enterprise. Besides the mill property the com- pany also owns the tugboat Lady Lake and a number of large scows. When in full operation the company will em- ploy about 100 men. The new mill is so located as regards railroad trackage that it has access, free of switching charges, to all the The Mill of the Kerry Lumber Co. pied by planing engines and a lath mill. The boiler room is a separate build- ing, to the west of the mill, with con- crete foundation, corrugated iron sides, and gravel roof. There is a battery of four boilers, capable of developing 300- horse power. A prominent feature of the Kerry Lumber Company's new sawmill is the large Berlin timber planer that will, at one and the same time, dress all fiQur sides of a timber 20x30 inches in railroads entering the city. This is a great advantage and one of the feat- ures of Seattle's railway facilities, for a manufactory located anywhere along the water front is accessible alike tO' all the great railway systems. Separate from the mill land across the railway tracks, on the east side of Railroad Avenue, is the company's office, a neat building, 18x28 feet. The down-town office is in the Bailey Building. When the plant is fully completed SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 85 there will be an overhead transfer, from the mill across and over the rail- road tracks, to carry the output to the •dry kilns and planers, which are to be located about 250 feet east of the saw- mill, on the opposite side of Railroad Avenue. The lumber will be carried across on conveyors. There will also be a broad and substantial wharf built, extending to the west of the mill, so that the largest vessels can load or discharge alongside. A. S. Kerry, president of ttie mill company, has been in the lumber busi- ness in Seattle for thirteen years. Previous to the destruction of the Kerry Lumber Company's mill on the tide flats, in 1897, they had branch yards in Juneau, Skagway, Douglas Island and Rossland, B. C. THE TRADE WITH THE ORIENT, But little has been said in this vol- ume up to this time of our trade with the Orient, save in the course of a gen- eral discussion of its possibilities. The following information bearing directly upon the trade, showing, as it does, how important it is becoming, will be of interest: The Pacific trade of the United States has advanced two-thirds in vol- ume during the past five calendar years. American imports of the prod- ucts of Asia and Oceanica have in- creased 40 per cent since 1894, while American exports to the markets of Asia and Oceanica have grown 135 per cent, or multiplied nearly two and one- half times. We are taking $48,000,000 of goods a year to the East Indies, as compared with $25,000,000 in 1894. We are tak- ing $16,000,000 of sugar a year from the Hawaiian Islands, as compared with $8,000,000 in 1895. Our annual tea bill with China and Japan now runs to near 100.000,000 pounds, and our silk bill with these countries reach- es $25,000,000 a year, comprising nearly all of our imports of unmanufactured silk. We are shipping $18,000,000 of American products to Japan, where we sold only $3,300,000 in 1892, and over $12,000,000 to China, where we shipped $4,800,000 in 1893. Our exports to Ha- waii have risen from less than $3,000,- 000 in 1893 to near $7,000,000 now, and our shipments of American wares to Australasia have grown in that time from $7,500,000 to $17,500,000 a year. Our Pacific exports of flour have risen in a few years from practically noth- ing to 2,500,000 barrels, and our sales of cotton goods to the Orient have grown from $4,000,000 in 1894 to $15,- 000.000. American Trade with Japan. The heaviest trade of the United States in the Orient is with Japan, whose people are known in the trad- ing world as the "Yankees of the East." Our imports from Japan are larger than from any other Oriental country, unless it be British India, and our exports to Japan are heavier than to any other market on the Pacific, ex- cept possibly Australasia. As compared with our trade with China, both ex- ports and imports with Japan are about one-third larger. The rapid growth of American trade with Japan, the export feature In par- ticular, is strikingly shown by the statistics of the past five calendar years: Our Japan Trade of Past Five Years, Year. Imports. Bxiports. Total. 1894 $23,100,725 $4,001,962 $27,102,687 1895 27,430,678 5,356.454 32.787,132 1896 18,214,322 10,145,909 28,360.231 1897 28,085,123 16,009,471 44,094,594 1898 23,255,253 19,716,086 42,971,339 It is thus seen that American exports to Japan have grown from $4,000,000 in 1894 to $19,000,000 in 1898, multi- plying nearly five-fold. The imports have fiuctuated and have a little more than held their own. The aggregate trade has increased $15,000,000 in the five-year period, or a trifle under 60 per cent. Recent Changes in Our Japan Exports, The development of the manufactur- ing industries of Japan during the past five years has had the effect to increase American exports of raw material, like cotton and tobacco leaf, and keep down the exports of finished wares somewhat. The new tariff of Japan, 86 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. which went into force about a year ago, is calculated to intensify this ten- dency. What the Future Holds. As regards the future of American commerce in the Orient, the trade with China is of the foremost inter- est. In population, extent of empire and natural resources and future pos- sibilities, China is the colossal figure of the Orient, and its commerce during the next ten years will be the fighting goal of all commercial powers. The trade of the United States with China at present is second to that with Japan. We export more merchandise, moreover, to Australasia, and import more goods from the British and Dutch Indies. But the situation tomorrow may be — indeed, is bound to be — re- versed, for China's commercial future will from this point develop rapidly. For thirty years our imports of Chi- nese goods have averaged about $20,- 000,000 per annum, with a little varia- tion. The $22,000,000 of imports from China in 1896 and the $18,000,000 in 1899, for the fiscal years ending June 30, give a fair idea of the fiuctuation. Our new tariff tax on tea is responsible for part of this variation, the shrink- age in pounds being from 56,000,000 in 1897 to 39,000,00 in 1899. The hole made by our tariff on tea, however, was partially repaired by the increase in the imports of raw silk, the values being $4,364,000 in 1897 and $6,497,000 in 1899. The predominant interest of the United States in China is in the exports rather than the imports, it is true, but the shipowners bitterly com- plain that they cannot do a profitable business at low rates in carrying American goods to China unless they can get return cargoes of Chinese goods to the ITnited States, and hostile taf- iffs, treaties and other legislation greatly hamper their business and force them to collect higher rates than would be possible under unrestricted trade relations. Remarkable Growth in United States Exports to China. The most conspicuous feature of the trade of the United States in the Ori- ent is the advance in the exports of American goods to China. Prom 1880 down to 1895 our exports to China were at almost as great a standstill as the commercial development of China had been during the centuries preced- ing. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1880, we exported only about a million dollars' worth of American wares, and fifteen years later the ex- ports were still the bagatelle of three millions. The vast growth during the five-year period, 1895-9, is represented by the following exposition in arithme- tic: United States exports to China, fiscal year 1895 $3,603,840 United States exports to China, fiscal year 1899 14,493,440 Increase of 1889 over 1895 $10,889,600 Percentage of increase In five years 302 pr ct. China's Vast Natural Resources. Before the London Chamber of Com- merce, October 26 last, the British con- sul, C. T. Gardner, in discussing "The Trade of China," thus spoke of China's native resources: "The vast territory marked on our maps as China proper and Manchuria, more than 1,500 miles from north to south, and then 2,000 miles east to west, is remarkably fertile and capable of producing all the vegetable prod- ucts of which the world stands in need. This vast territory is remarkably free from desert tracts, such as the sandy deserts of Australia and India and the alkali deserts of America. "It is now known that China is rich- er in mineral wealth than was sup- posed in 1859. The partial surveys made by experts up to the present time show that China is full of most valu- able minerals. I need only refer to the extensive coal deposits all along the Yangtse, and to those a few miles west of Moukden in Manchuria. In fact, coal is now known to exist in almost every one of the eighteen prov- inces. Yet up to the present time, if we except a few mines worked in a primitive way in primitive native fashion, the Kaiping mines are the only ones that are beng worked. "Iron exists all over the country; the hill of iron — Tieh-Kangshan — be- tween Kiukeang and Hankow, is said to be the richest and most extensive iron field in the world. Gold is washed for in the river below Ichang, proving the existence of gold fields above that port; mercury, copper, tin, silver, lead and other valuable minerals have been, found in many of the provinces; at present they are unworked. "The population of China is now known to be as dense as was estimatea in 1859. It is ascertained to numbet SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 87 about 360,000,000, and is free from thfe blight of caste, the curse of such vast regions of India; it is free from the laziness of the African race, which has been such a curse in Africa, Amer- ica and the West Indies. It is to Chi- nese labor, to a great extent, that Can- ada owes its present prosperity — the Chinamen gave most efficient aid to the construction of railways, for in- stance; the wealth of the Straits Set- tlements is due to the millions of Chi- nese laborers, working there in agri- culture and mines — yet Chinese indus- try, which has done so much to in- crease the wealth and prosperity of our colonies, has done little or nothing for China itself. "The Chinese are now known to have the instinct of trade and trade capacity to an extraordinary degree; every coolie who has a few 'cash' invests it in an article of trade to sell at a profit; the Chinese shopkeeper is reasonably honest, and the Chinese merchants proverbially so. At the small treaty ports the natives have captured the im- port trade, and at Hongkong, Singa- pore and Shanghai they are capturing it and doing away with the expense of the foreign middlemen, yet the demand for British staples has been stationary or even retrograde." SOME PROMINENT CITIZENS. POSTMASTER STEWART, George M. Stewart, the present post- master for Seattle, Wash., was born at Elmira, N. Y., May 16, 1850. Mr. Stew- art came to the Pacific coast when but 16 years of age, staying in San Fran- cisco for one year, when he left to try his fortune in the Comstock mines. He clerked in a grocery store in Virginia City, Nevada, for two years, when he engaged in the mercantile business on Postmaster Geo. M. Stewart. his own account. Mr. Stewart next accepted a position in a large whole- sale house in Sacramento, which he retained for six years. In 1889 he came to Seattle— a move he had been long contemplating — and bought an interest in the undertaking firm of Shorey & Co., the style of the new firm being Bonney & Stewart, under which name it has since carried on a very successful 'business. While in Nevada Mr. Stewart took an active part in politics. He was a hard worker in the Republican ranks and served on various state and county committees. Since coming to Seattle Mr. Stewart has taken an active part in the councils of his party. He has been for four years a member of the King county Republican executive committee. He represented the county on the state committee during the cam- paign of 1898 and has been treasurer of the state Republican organization since 1896. Mr. Stewart has always been a staunch supporter of Jno. L. Wilson. He was appointed to his pres- ent official position by President Mc- Kinley in 1899. He never sought and never held office before. EDWARD P. EDSEN, Edward P. Edsen, lawyer and author, is a native of Husum, Germany. After graduating at the Universities of Ber- lin and Heidelberg he spent four years in travel, bringing up in Portland, Oregon, in 1875. Being in need of money, he sought and obtained em- ployment on a farm near Sandy post- 88 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. office, remaining until March, 1876, when he engaged for one season in salmon fishing at Brookfield, Wash. Afterward Mr. Edsen took a business college course in Portland, perfecting himself in English at the same time. For six months he worked as a deck hand on the Columbia River, followed by six months' lumbering at Walla Walla. In the spring of 1878 he found employment at Stohl's City brewery, Walla Walla, where, by reason of his faithful attention to business, he was rapidly advanced to the position of general manager. About this period he made an unfortunate investment of a large part of his savings in a min- ing venture. Edward P. Edsen. We next find tihe subject of this sketch, in 1881, conducting a real estate and insurance agency at Walla Walla in partnership with Judge V. D. Lam- bert. In the summer of '83 Mr. Edsen visited the Sound, finally locating at Seattle in December. In January fol- lowing he was admitted to the 'bar. His mastery of no less than seven languages soon secured him the major portion of the foreign law business of the city. He readily gained recog- nition as one of the leaders of the bar, his business affairs prospered, while his popularity grew with his circle of acquaintances. In Novem- ber, 1889, Mr. Edsen) found a law partnership with Will H. Thompson and John E. Humphries, under the style of Thompson, Edsen and Hum- phries, which partnership continued for eight years developing into one of the leading law firms on the Coast. Mr. Ed'sen has been an active fac- tor in the militia organizations of the state. In 1884 he founded Company D, N. G. W., being its first captain. He is an expert drill master, his com- pany as well as the Rainier Division 18, U. R. K. of P., organized by him in 1892, ranking among the best in many competitive drills. He is now serving his second term as judge-advocate- general of the Washington Brigade, which position he has creditably filled since 1892. In politics Mr. Edsen has ever 'been Republican, but, though a recognized party leader and though frequently urged to accept nomination for official honors, has steadfastly re- fused. He has been for several years, and is yet, state president of the Ger- man-American Republican Club. His membership in social and fra- ternal organizations is extensive, and includes the three branches of the K. of P., Knights of Malta, Knights of the Golden Eagle, U. A. O. D., the A. O. l^. W., the Rbj^al Arcanum, the Order of Chosen Friends, four branc'hes of the I. O. O. F. and the Fraternal Order of Eagles, for which order he wrote both of the Grand Aerie and subordin- ate Aerie Rituals, etc., as well as a complete code of laws. He was one of the founders of the Seattle Turn Verein, and since 1889 has been presi- dent of the George Washington Branch of the Irish National League. In 1894 Mr. Edsen was representative of the State of Washington at the World's Fair, Antwerp, being present at its formal opening by King Leopold II. on May 5. Mr. Edsen has made num- erous creditable contributions to periodical literature in both prose and verse, having shown particular ability in the latter by his clever mastery of frontier and mine dialects. Of power- ful physique and commanding presence, he is what he appears, a man of un- tiring energy and unlimited resources. M. H. YOUNG, One of the leading financiers in the chief city in Washington is M. H. \ oung, whose picture is given here- with and who occupies a suite of of- fices in the Pioneer Building, rooms 211 and 212. Mr. Young is general man- ager of the New England & Northwest- SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 89 ern Investment Company, a director in the National Bank of Commerce, vice- president and director in the Seattle Gas and Electric Company and direc- tor in the Seattle Electric Company (Consolidated Street railways). He deals in real estate, and has the repu- tation of a careful, shrewd and safe in- vestor. M. H. Young. Mr. Young has also been an active factor in building up the city, having built over 100 houses since coming here in 1890. He has built several fine business blocks and effected the Beacon Hill improvement. In company with R. R. Spencer, cashier of the National Bank of Commerce, Mr. Young has re- cently entered the import trade, bring- ing to this country the products of Japan and China. Mr. Young was born at Graton, Mass., in 1846. He enlisted with the Union forces in 1863 and served throughout the rest of the war. From 1870 to 1872 he was connected with the C, B. & Q. Railroad, and from then till 1890 he was cashier of the Boston Manufactur- ing Company, residing at Waltham dur- ing the time. He was one of the or- ganizers of the Waltham Electric Com- pany, and when that company con- solidated with the Waltham Gas Com- pany he was a director in the new or- ganization and was the first secretary and treasurer of the Waltham Co- operative Bank. He held the position until its afRairs grew so large that he could not attend to them with his limited time, when he resigned, re- maining a director, however, till com- ing to Seattle. He was also a member of the Board of Aldermen of Waltham for two years, declining re-nomination. He served three years as chairman of the Sinking Fund Commission. Mr. Young moved to Seattle in 1890. He was president of the Union Trunk Line until its consolidation with the Seattle Electric Railway. FRED RICE ROWELL. Fred Rice Rowell was born in South Thomaston, Maine, December 29, 1856. He is a graduate of Colby College, Waterville, Maine, of the class of '81. He read law in the office of Hon. A. P. Gould, at Thomaston, Maine, and was admitted to the bar of Knox County, Maine, in September, 1883. He formed a law partnership witJh Hon. J. O. Robinson and practised his profession in Rockland, Maine, till 1888, when he removed to Seattle, where he has since continuously practised law. In 1890 Mr. Robinson joined Mr. Rowell in Seattle and the firm of Robinson & Rowell was reorganized and still con- Fred Rice Rowell. tinues. In politics Mr. Rowell is a Democrat and immediately identified himself with his party upon coming to Washington. He has received politi- cal honors from his party in Seattle and King County, having been at dif- ferent times a candidate on his party 90 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. ticket for Presecuting Attorney of King County, for Alderman of the Fifth Ward, and in the spring of 1898 for Corporation Counsel for the City of Seattle. His vote on the latter occa- sion was a very flattering testimonial to his popularity, as he lacked but a few votes of election on a ticket over- whelmingly defeated. Mr. Rowell mar- ried in January, 1884, Miss May flor- ence Stetson of South Thomaston. Both Mr. and Mrs. Rowell are members and James Griffiths. communicants of St. Mark's Church, Seattle, having been confirmed during the rectorate of Rev. D. C. Garrett. lAMES GRIFFITHS, James Griffiths, whose portrait ap- pears on this page, is president of the Griffiths tate University. The company graded this fine suburb and put down cement side- walks at a great ex- pense, and is con- structing handsome homes there on easy installments. already sold, and homes costing from $1200 to $3000 adorn this educational suburb. Residence property on University Heights is so much in demand that it is settling up faster than any other ' ^ aSma tlLia m J|J|( I J The Eastabrook Block. Second and Union — Constructed by Moore Investment Company. The Lincoln Apartment House. Fourth and Madison— Seven Stories, Stone and White Pressed Brick Under construction by the Moore Investment Company. part of the city, and val- ues are corres- pondingly en- hancing, and, of course, is sure to be a residence dis- trict unsur- passed in point of sightliness,, sanitation, nearness to a^ great educa- tional center, and the associ- ation of the cultured, i n - tellectual class of people to reside there. The first of the year Mr. Moore's vast- business inter- ests, which in- clude also the develop m en t of one of the This is a measure never before under- taken in Seattle. The wisdom of the policy is apparent in the results. More than four-fifths of the lots there are largest coal mines in the state, has. grown to such proportions that he took J. E. Ballaine into the firm. Mr. Bal- laine is one of the best known young; «38 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. J. A. Moore. Head of Moore Investment Co. men in the state. He was raised in VVliitman County. In his journalistic career he became editor of the southern division of tlie Associ- ated press, at Wash- ington, D. C, when 25 years of age. He was private secretary to the Governor of Washington and adjutant general of the National Guard, later serving through the Spanish-Aineri- can-Phillipine war as an officer of the First Wasliington Regiment. J, W, GODWIN, J. W. Godwin, who is the head of the firm of J. W. Godwin & Company, the big wholesale commission firm in this city, has been in Seattle since 1890. When he first moved to this city Reorganized the com- (mission business xinder the name of J. W. Godwin & Company and con- fine t e d it alone John E. Ballaine, Of the Moore Investmeut Co. A Wi.VDOW IN THE Residence of Hon. John Collins, Minor Ave. SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 139 til 1894, when it became an incorpor- ated company, at which time he be- came its president and manager. The Store which they occupy is 45x120 feet, and the business conducted is that of a wholesale and retail commission ihouse. They send products into Brit- ish Columbia and Alaska and all over Western and Eastern Washington, and at the present time are doing a very extensive business. J. W. Godwin. One of their heavy products is the importation of bananas, the most of which they receive from Central America. These they distribute in turn throughout the regions of coun- try named. At the present time they ■employ twelve men in the store in this city and keep one man traveling upon the road. The business for last year has shown a very marked increase over the previous year and is equal to fully 25 per cent gain, and the way that business starts off so far this year there will be a marked increase over last year in the volume of trade. Mr. Godwin is a native of Virginia and came to Seattle from Philadelphia, in which place he was doing business prior to coming West. Since removing to this city Mr. G-odwin has taken a very active interest in all affairs which have a tendency to promote the welfare of the community; and as he has al- ways been closely identified with the Democratic party, his political views since coming here have been eagerly sought for. and it can be said that he is well up in the councils of his party. In addition to his large commission business, Mr. Godwin is a very exten- sive dealer in real estate and since coming here has acquired very consid- erable holdings of some choice tracts. W, E. McKEE, W. E. McKee, the proprietor of the Horseshoe, one of the most elaborately fitted up, and considered to be the best conducted saloon on the northwest coast, has resided in Seattle for the past ten years. He was born in Fish- kill-on-the-Hudson, in the State of New York, and in addition to living in Cleveland, Ohio, has resided in all the principal cities of the Union, including Des Moines, Iowa, Sioux Falls, Iowa, and Manitou Springs, Colorado. His arrival in Seattle was immediately fol- lowing the fire, and his first busi- ness here was the securing of the privi- lege to serve refreshments upon the "City of Seattle," which had just been brought around from the East and was plying at that time on the Sound. It was not until 1894, however, that Mr. W. E. McKee. McKee secured possession of the Horseshoe, and although it had degen- erated from the plane upon which it was originated, he soon put it in first- class condition, and today it is recog- nized as one of the very few places in which gentlemen care to congregate. 140 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. He conducts the only public billiard room in the city, and the fact that his house is kept free of objectionable ploys nothing but strict business prin- ciples in all his business dealings. He is an active life member of the Lodge Interior of the "Horseshoe.' characters, and is run upon thoroughly first-class and legitimate lines, gives it a remarkably high standing in the community. Mr. McKee attributes his success solely to the fact that he em- of Elks No. 92, and has been the presi- dent of the Rod and Gun Club of this city for the past five years, and was recently re-elected, much against his wishes. THE SEATTLE THEATRE, J. r. Howe. The Seattle Theatre building, erected in 1892, at the northwest corner of Cherry street and Third avenue, at a cost of $150,000. is a beautiful struc- ture and is strictly a Seattle institu- tion, being a product of Seattle en- terprise and Seattle capital. It is fire- proof, substantially built and the peer of any first-class theater on the Coast in point of architecture and furnish- ings. The seating capacity is 1,500. The theater is under the management of J. P. Howe, one of the oldest theater managers west of the Rocky mountains. Mr. Howe's experience covers a quarter of a century, during which long period he has embarked itt nothing else, paying all his attention to theatrical business, with no side is- SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 141 sues, a record equaled by but a limit- ed few theatrical managers of the pres- ent day. Mr. Howe has probably con- trolled more theaters than any other Pacific coast manager. Between 1884 and 1891 he controlled the North Pa- cific theatrical situation besides all the first-class theatrical business of Port- land. Seattle, Tacoma, Walla Walla, Victoria and a number of smaller cities. During 1894-5 Mr. Howe was lessee and proprietor of the Columbia and Alcazar theaters of San Francisco. I'.Biit Mr. Howe's experi- •ence has not been limited to the management of theaters, for he lans owned and con- trolled numerous road enter- prises, amongr them being M. Quad's (C. B. Lewis') funny play, " Yakie," which Mr. Howe brought to the Ooast in 1880. A f towards he managed W. E. Sheridan, the great tragedian, in "King iear," "Louis VII" and a Government transport to the Orient, will add very much to the fine fleet which will ply between this city and Cape Nome. The Tacoma will unques- tionably be the finest vessel engaged in this service. She is 330 feet long, 39 feet beam and will carry 500 pas- sengers and 2500 tons of cargo. Her speed is very fast and she is hand- somely fitted up with practically every modern convenience. Last year, for the G-overnment, she carried to Ma- nila 860 troops and men. It can thus The Seattle Theatre Building. repertoire of Shakespearean plays; in fact, his life has been devoted to theatri- cal business. The success of the Seattle theater since Mr. Howe assumed its management has been phenomenal and demonstrates the value of experience. FOR THE ALASKA TRADE, The Washing'ton and Alaska Steam- ship Company is entering very exten- sively into the Alaska trade this season. The pressing into service of the steam- ship Tacoma, recently engaged as a be seen that her carrying capacity will probab y exceed any other vessel engaged in the Nome trade. She will leave here May 25 on her first trip. One of the features about the vessel is the fact that she is ntted with a refriijerator plant in which can be stored fresh meat, and passengers can enjoy this to its fullest extent on the voyage of three thou- sand miles. 'Ihe plant has a capacity of fifty tons of ice per day, a very extensive concern. Besides the facilities for keeping cool she has nice- ly arranged baths and a hospital fitted up in case of any illness aboard. In addition to the steamship Tacoma the company have the steamships Farallon and City of Seattle, both of which ply between this city and points along Lynn Canal. The Farallon has nice accommodations for passengers. She is 158 feet long, 34 feet beam, and will carry sixty first-class passengers and 150 second-class, besides seventy tons of freight. She makes fortnightly trips between here and Skagway. The City 142 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. and has accommodations for 600 passengers and 800 tons of freight. She is one of the most successful and popular steamers plying out of Seattle and her owners are exceedingly proud of her. Mr. C. Stewart, manager of the L>£J.7^^ff^//>'V of Seattle (the "Alaskan Flyer"), however, is the favor- ite of them all. She con- sumes seven days in making the round trip; although it fre- quently has been made by her in six and one-half days. She makes three round trips a month from this city, leaving practically every ten days. She is 245 feet long, 3S feet beam, These Two Fine Ships in Alaska Trade. Company, has general offices under the Seattle Hotel. Residence of J. K. calkkaitii, khi Fiiteentii Ave. North. SCHWABACHER HARDWARE COMPANY. Were it not for the fact that Seattle possesses es- tablishments like the Schwabacher Hardware Company, which is rated as one of the most substantial on the Pacific Coast, Seattle would not now be enjoying the very extensive wholesale trade it does. This company is one of tlie oldest in the ciiy, the date of their establishment reaching as far back as 1869 ; snd when it is stated that forty-two men find employ- ment in the store and they keep five men upon the road selling goods throughout the State of Washington and Northern Idaho, Mon- tana, British Columbia and into far away Alaska, some idea can be formed of the far-reaching influence of SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 143 this big firm. In addition to their trade reaching over the territory named, they are also beginning to do business witli Hawaii, and in the near future trade relations with Oriental points will probably be established. A very excellent illustration is shown of the exterior of the building occupied, together with an in- terior view of the salesroom, which is devoted largely to the carrying on of a retail business. The building itself is 60x120 feet, four stories in height, A BIG WHOLESALE GROCERY HOUSE. When it is stated that Seattle pos- sesses one of the largest wholesale grocery houses on the Pacific Coast it is done without any fear of con- tradiction. The one referred to is that of Schwabacher Bros. & Co., incorpor- ated, an illustration of whose store is shown herewith. They are located at the corner of Occidental Avenue and Main Street. The building in which they are iucated is 120x111 feet, four stories liigh, with a basement, the whole room I , being devoted to their own purposes as exclusive whole- salers. They give employ- ment in this establishment to sixty people, together with some eight men whom they keep traveling through- out the Northwestern coun- try, comprising Washington, Idaho, Montana and British 5cmBHtitff sh"'} ■■ ivm^s//i£ a/fce/rs SCmMACH£/r'5 In/m/fF with a basement. An ell 50x100 feet forms a portion and gives an outlet upon Yes- ler Way, the main entrance being upon First Avenue South. They also have a warehouse upon Railroad Avenue, which is 100x150 feet in size, in which all heavy goods are stored, including heavy hardware, iron and steel and a general assortment of heavy goods The company carries everything in the line, both heavy and shelf hard- ware, ship chandlery, etc., marine, mill and lotrging sup- plies, the value of their stock running up into the thousands of dollars. The per- sonnel of the company is as follows: President, Sigismund Schwabacher; vice-president. James S. Goldsmith; secretary and treasurer, Sigismund Aronson; while George Boole is the general manager. In line with every other wholesale establishment in Se- attle, this company shows a very ex- tensive increase for last year over the previous year. Schwabacher Bros., the Big Grocers. Columbia, selling goods to the trade. They are the pioneers by many years in supplvingthe Alaska trade, havingagents permanently located in the principal points of Alaska. In addition to ev- erything in the grocery line, they have their own coffee plant, which is sec- ond to none on the Pacific Coast, in which they blend and roast and put up under their own brands, the very finest grades of coffee. This comes to them in the crude shape, direct from 144 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. the plantations, and not through the usual channels which supply the or- dinary merchant. Very few larger es- tablishments can be found anywhere in the United ISiates than this one, and the fact of their great size and the influ- ■ence they exert through- out this region of country gives ver}' great prestige to Seattle as a wholesale center. This firm is large enough to make very con- siderable inroads in form- ing trade relations with our neighbors across the Pacific when this trade is more thoroughly worked up. The personnel of the company is as follows : tie's solid, reliable business men ; a man of sterling qualities and unimpeachable integrity. Mr. Corcoran has been at the head of the Seattle Stock Kxchange since its inception and, owing to his firm stand for legiti- mate stock transactions and unyielding opposi- tion to "wild-catting" and stock jobbing he has cleared the open field of scores of con- scienceless brokers and stock manipulators, com- pelling them to seek cov- er, while, at the same time, his management has afforded a free and open trading field for meritorious stocks. Abraham Schwabacher, president; Jas. S. Gold- smith, vice-president; Sigismund, Aronson, sec- retary and treasurer. This house was originally established in 1869 by Mr. Bailey Gatzert, who until the time of his death, which occurred in 1893. held the position of president of the com- pany. PRESIDENT STOCK EXCHANGE, Anthony Corcoran, members of the Schwabacher Presi'lent of the Stock hardware co. and schwabacher Exchange, is one of Seat- brothers. Mr. Corcoran has the courageof his convictions and, whenever convinced that fraudulent deals are incuV>ating, he promptly calls a halt on the perpe- trators, be they friend or foe, and the admonition does not pass unheeded, for while President Cor- coran is noted for his kindness, generosity and broad charities, he is in- flexible in all business requirements, and evil doers quickly learn that underneath the vel- vet glove is a hand of steel. Seattle can boast of many able business men, but none is more SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. H5 eminently qualified for the position tlian is Anthony Corcoran as manager of the Stock Exchange. THE HOTEL BUTLER, The Hotel Butler, one of the lead- ing and best conducted hotels in the State, and which is owned by Messrs. Hamm & Schmitz, is an institution in Pomona, Cal. They formed a partner- ship, and with a combined capital of $500, opened a small coffee house. What they lacked in money they put forth in effort and the general superiority of the coffee they set forth soon com- pelled them to enlarge. They did this in 1888 by leasing the ground at the corner of Washington and Occidental Avenue, where Clossen & Kelly now have a drug store, and erecting a three-story building, 30xlL'O in size, in which they opened a bakery and restaurant. The following year, 1889, the fire destroyed the building, but in three days after the great con- flagration they were opened for business in a tent in Denny's orchard. Previous to the fire, however, they had bought the property on Pike street where the yno(iualmie Hotel now stands, and almost before the fire had burned itself out they had men at work [mtting up a which this city points to with no little pride It is thoroughly modern in every way and, although conduct- ed strictly upon the European plan, it has a grill room in connection which rivals anything on the Coast. The block that now forms the hotel was originally built for an office building, but in 1894 the present proprietors converted it into what has since be- come the most pop- ular hotel in the The Schwabacher Hardware Co. Northwest. What perhaps is the most interesting part of the Hotel Butler is the strong person- ality of the two men who have made it what it is today. It was in 1887 that Messrs. Hamm and Schmitz came to this city, the former from the Driard Hotel in Victoria, and the latter from building K0xl20 feet, three stories in height. This Mas finislied in the fall !ind openpd for business in NoveTnV)er. They continued to run this place until 1891, when they sold the property to O'Shea Bros, of Portland for $67,000. Then they took possession of the Arl- ington, now the PostofRce Block. The 146 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. hard times incident to the panic of 1893 made hotel business very unprofitable, particularly so for a house so far up town. It was during this time that the Seattle Saloon, now the Suther- land, was acquired and which Mr. Hamm managed. In 1894 a deal was finally consummated with Henry H. Schufeldt, of Wisconsin, by which the demands made upon them, and no one works harder or more faithfully than they. Because of this they have reaped a reward which justly entitles them to distinction. No one in Seattle stands higher than the proprietors of the But- ler nor have two men in Seattle made a greater success in business than they. The Hotel Butler — Hamm & Schmitz, Proprietors. Butler, then an office block, was se- cured, and the Arlington was given up and both partners threw their whole energies into creating a new hotel, such as they readily saw was soon to be needed. It cost them $50,000 to make the changes required, to say nothing of the money it cost to fur- nish the house, but when it was finally thrown open to the public it began its popular career and its big business has never abated from that day to this. Both gentlemen are keenly alert to the The grill room, which is justly cele- brated, is supplied with all the best of everything. For instance, the meat used Is all Eastern corn-fed stock, and sold as strictly No. 1 quality. This is the reason the meat at the Butler tastes as good as it does. Everything else is in the same proportion. In addition to the Hotel Butler, Messrs. Hamm & Schmitz own the celebrated Hotel Butler fancy stock farm, located five miles from the city, upon which they have the finest blood- SEATTLIC AND THE ORIENT. 147 ed cattle to be found in America. Tliey have a herd of Diirhanis, Ayrshires and Jerseys. A recent Ayrshire bull was received from the stock farm of J. J. Hill, of the Great Northern, that cost them $800. They also have some Jer- seys from the noted ranch of W. W. Sweeney of Oak Harbor. They have 150 acres of fine bottom land, all im- proved, with good farm houses and all under a high state of cultivation, which makes it the best stock ranch in the West. Both gentlemen own much valuable She has a tonnage of 2500 tons and can accommodate 1000 passengers. She was purchased last fall by S. G. Simp- son and associates and at once put in the hands of boiler makers and repair- ers so that now she is like a new ship. Over $50,000 has been expended in fit- ting her up especially for the Alaskan trade. F. A. Bell & Company, who will be the general agents of the ship, will also act as agents of the Irrawady, a steamship of 3500 tons, also to go in the Alaska service. In conjunction with these two big ships the steamer The Steamer Oregon. real estate in the city. Mr. Schmitz is a director in the First National Bank. He owns his fine home at the corner of Eleventh Avenue and Madison Street, while Mr. Hamm owns the house he occupies at the corner of Terry Avenue and James Street. WILL SAIL IN THE NOME TRADE, The fine steamship Oregon will soon sail for Cape Nome and take part in the great rush soon to be on for the greatest gold country the West has ever seen. The Oregon will be the fin- est of the fleet to sail out of Seattle. Discovery, having passenger accommo- dations for 100 persons, will he oper- ated as a feeder between St. Michael, Cape Nome and Cape York. The big ships will sail from this city on a reg- ular schedule, the Oregon sailing May 10 and the Irrawady on May 25. Be- sides these sailing vessels Bell & Com- pany will be agents for the barks Mer- maid and Vega and schooners Thos. F. Bayard, all three of which will engage in freighting to Alaska. A new wharf is just being completed for the use of these vessels, just north of Madison Street. It will be 500 feet long and can accommodate any vessel I^ SEATTI.E AND THE ORIENT. which comes to this port. A railroad track will be laid along this dock so that freight can be loaded from the cars right into the ships, thus saving shippers both delay and expense in shipping goods to Alaskan points. THE WHOLESALE DRUG TRADE, The wholesale drug trade of Seattle practically lies in the hands of the Stewart & Holmes Drug Co. They V^i/'/v /^i^"°f? T'' ^^ll "*? *i! ^ipB £i *'C?! 11 '^l^jf ijf- rr r rl&l'ifl I ■ Bit 1 T •^ £1 j8m 1 El jtej 151 B ^A/z-zf/o/f STEW/iffrf//'>/./<^i:.t, Djwi 4\ The Wholesale and'Retail Drug House of Stewart & Holmes Drug Co. The fleet of vessels which Bell & Company will be general agents for will undoubtedly become popular with peo- ple who will have business relations with Alaska. occupy premises at No. 627 First ave- nue and utilize the six-story and two basement building 30x110 feet in size. Their establishment dates back to 1882, and shows a history of one continuous SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 149 rise from that day to this. The vol- ume of their trade at present reaches very enormous proportions, and last year showed an increase of 25 per cent over the previous year. The company, in addition to their wholesale trade, conduct one of the largest retail stores on the first floor of their premises to be found in the Northwest. The goods which are handled comprise every arti- cle known to the drug trade. In or- THE NORTHWEST FIXTURE CO, What is probably the largest elec- trical supply concern on the Coast has its headquarters in this city. Refer- ence is made to the Northwest Fixture Company, a picture of whose l)ig store is shown in connection with this arti- cle. They occupy the entire four stories of the building at 1018 First S" N \ \ fl ril I1 - ^^^"^ i '. I J Exterior of Building Occupied by the Northwest Fixture Co. der to reach the territory in which they do business, four traveling men are employed, and they reach all parts of Washington, Eastern Oregon, Idaho and a portion of British Columbia and well up into Alaska. Forty people are given employment in the various de- partments of their business in this city. The officers of the company are: A. B. Stewart, president; H. E. Holmes, vice-president, and A. M. Stewart, sec- retary. Avenue and three floors in the Starr building across the street, making a total of 27,000 square feet of floor space utilized for salesroom, storage and manufactory. The company handle everything in the line of electrical ma- chinery, such as elevators, dynamos, motors and electrical supplies in gen- eral. These include telephone outfits, electric wire and the thousand and one articles that are used in electrical con- struction. I50 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. In their factory the company manu- facture motors of all kinds, search- lights and many other articles in which electricity takes a prominent part. The company carry everything in the shape of electric and gas fixutres, their stock being the most complete in the North- west and consists of only the very latest and most elaborate designs such as called for in artistic furnishings. So complete is their stock that it i? unnecessary to call upon Eastern houses for goods of this cha-racter. They practically supply the entire state in the goods they handle, and their realizing the rapid improvements and necessities of this territory in their particular line of goods, considered it advisable to have an Eastern office to work in conjunction with the home es- tablishment at Seattle and, therefore, while there he opened an office at 26 Cortlandt Street, Havemeyer building, and placed in charge Mr. C. J. Purdy, a man experienced in all lines of elec- trical works, as well as engines, boil- ers, etc., used in conjunction with elec- tric lighting plants, and they are now prepared to take up with their Eastern correspondent all matters pertaining to Property of Yesler Estate, Incorporated. Intel section Yesler Way and Second Avenue. electrical machinery goes pretty gen- erally over the entire Coast. They do, in this particular, a very extensive business with Alaska and the whole of the Northwest Territory. Another article which they handle in extensive quantities are grates and mantels. Their stock of this line is very heavy and so varied in assort- ment as to enable them to furnish practically any design called for. A. L. Kasson, president and manager of the Northwest Fixture Company, who recently returned from an extend- ed trip throughout the East, and electrical supplies, such as station plants, railroad supplies and all other materials. In their home office and show rooms, 1018 First Avenue, in addition to the enumerations made above, they carry a full line of incandescent lamps, glass and porcelain insulators, oak pins and brackets, marine and underwriters' wire, sockets, receptacles, continuous battery cells, push buttons, Edison-La- lande batteries, and all kinds of switches, incandescent gas lamps and supplies. All visitors always receive a cordial welcome. SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 151 They have recently added to their re- pair shop many improvements and are prepared to repair or rebuild any kind of electic dynamos, motors and arc lamps, and will send out competent BUTTERWORTH & SONS, UNDERTAKERS. Sons (incorporated), undertakers and expert embalmers, doing business at 1426-28 Third avenue, is one of the most reliable institutions of its kind on the Coast. The members of the firm are E. R. Butterwort h and Ills three sons, G. M., Charles N. and Fred R. But- terwort h. A valued em- ploye and as- sistant in the working force is Nathan An- derson. Mr. Butter- worth and his sons have been in the under- taking busi- ness in Seattle duringthepast eight years and have been rest dents of the SI ate for eighteenyears. They come of electricians to oversee the con- struction or in- stalling of elec- trical machin- ery or telephone stations. This being es- sentially a Seat- tle enterprise, and as they are carrying a large and c o m p lete assortment in their various lines, the people of Seattle and the Northwest Territory can- not do better than to give them a call and get estimates on such work as they may re- quire from time to time. E, R, BUTTERWORTH & SONS. The firm of E. R. Butterworth & Interior Chapel, Butterworth & Sons, Undertakers. good old New England stock . Both man- agement and detail of the business is at- tended to by the working force enumerated. The reputation as skilled embalmers which this company has 152 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. earned is not excelled by any house trons, as may be desired. The com- in the West. Their expert embalming pany leaves nothing undone that can is performed either at their establish- j ■, i. n, «= • « xu ■ ment or at the residence of their pa- ^'^^^ *« ^^^ efficiency of their service. l)FFICE OF BUTTERWORTH & SONS, UNDERTAKERS. The Public Library Building. The property belongs to the Yesler Estate, Incorporated, SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 153 PROPERTY OF YESLER ESTATE, IN^ CORPORATED, TheYesler Estate, Incorporated, owns four very conspicuous pieces of Seattle real estate. It comprises the Pioneer Building, the building occupied by tlie Scandinavian- American Bank, the three- story stone structure at intersection of Yesler and Second avenue and the prop- erty which is now used as the Public Library. Illustrations are shown of each of these. The oflicers of the Yesler Es- tate, Incorporated, are as follows: G. Poncin, President; Morris McMicken, secretary ; Jacob Furth, treasurer, and J. B. McDougal, vice-president. Witli C. F. Munday, these gentlemen comprise the directors. SOME WELL KNOWN MEMBERS OF THE LEGAL PROFESSION, JUDGE THOMAS BURKE, Judge Thomas Burke of Seattle was born in Clinton County, New York, in 1849. From the time he was 11 years McGilvra, then United States District Attorney for the Territory. In 1876 Mr. Burke was elected Probate Judge t ■ ' ■ -A-: -- -- -- - --- .-- — i- JUDiiE Thomas Burke. old he cared for himself and provided the means for his own education by farm work between terms of school, and later as a school teacher. He graduated at the Ypsilanti (Michigan) Seminary in 1870 and attended the Ann Arbor University for two years, during which time he also studied law. He was admitted to the bar at Marshall, Mich., in 1874, and filled the office of City Attorney at that place for one year. Young Burke came to Seattle in 1875, when it was a struggling city of but 1200 inhabitants, and at once formed a law partnership with Judge John J. Thomas F. Shepherd. Of the law firm of Burke, Shepherd & McGilvra of King County and reelected in 1878. He was a member of the Territorial Board of Education and chairman of the Board of Education for Seattle. The Judge was a prime mover in the adoption by Seattle of the best and most modern style of school buildings. He was a leader in the Democratic party in King County and the Terri- tory between 1881 and 1883, and was nominated for Congress. Although he received a large complimentary vote and ran far ahead of his ticket, he failed in being elected as he belonged to the minority party. In 1887 he was one of the chief or- •54 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. ganizers and promoters of the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern Railroad. After 135 miles of the road were built and in operation it was absorbed by the Northern Pacific. Judge Burke re- mained in the directorate and as attor- ney for the road till its purchase by the Northern Pacific. He also assisted in the organization of the Seattle & Mon- tana Railroad and worked successfully for the selection by the Great North- •ern Railroad of Seattle for its Western terminus. He was retained as counsel for the Washington department of the •Great Northern Railroad, which posi- tion he still fills. In 1887-88 two chief justices of the Territory died in quick succession and, there being a great plethora of busi- ness on the docket, the members of the bar petitioned President Cleveland to appoint Judge Burke to the bench made vacant by death. He was forth- with appointed, but accepte'd with the ■express understanding that he might resign when the bulk of the work was completed. His resignation came in 1889, he having served with honor to himself and to the eminent satisfac- tion of the bar and public. The Judge has been a constant in- vestor in real estate since settling in Seattle, and has made a number of valuable improvements, the crowning one being the completion, in 1891, of the magnificent seven-story brick and stone structure at the corner of Sec- ond Avenue and Marion Street, the Burke Block, costing $260,000. Judge Burke was married in 1880 to Miss Carrie E. McGilvra, the daugh- ter of his old law partner, Hon. J. J. McGilvra. Throughout his long resi- dence in Seattle the Judge has been an active factor in the city's growth and welfare. He has had a number of law partners — Judge McGilvra, U. M. Raisen and G. Morris Haller. He is now a member of the firm of Burke, Shepard & McGilvra, with offices in the Burke Block. BALLINGER, RONALD & BATTLE. The law firm of Ballinger, Ronald & Battle was formed in September, 1897, ■by R. A. Ballinger, J. T. Ronald and Al- fred Battle. They handle a large general practice in both the State and Federal Courts. Each individual member of the firm was distinguished in his pro- fession before the formation of the partnership. Mr. Ronald is an ex- mayor of Seattle, ex-prosecuting attor- ney of King County and holds an en- viable position as a criminal lawyer as well as a general practitioner. Mr. Ballinger has served with credit on the Superior bench in the State, while Mr. Battle has acted as Superior Judge pro tem in a number of very important cases. The firm ranks among the strongest in the State. Their suite of oflflces in the Mutual Life Building is not ex- celled. Judge R. A, Ballinger. Judge R. A. Ballinger is a graduate of Williams College, Massachusetts. He afterward lived in Chicago, in which city he studied law and was ad- mitted to the bar. For a while after his admission he practiced law in the State of Illinois, and subsequently moved to Alabama, where he engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1899 he located at Port Townsend, Wn. Here, by reason of his ability and cool discernment of facts, he quickly established a reputation as one of the ablest members of the bar. In 1892 he was elected as Judge of the Superior Court of the State of Wash- ington for Jefferson County, and, by his good judgment, his aptness and his natural grasp of the salient points of the proposition involved, he quickly stepped to the front, became known as one of the ablest and safest judges on the bench of the State. No judge in the State can point to fewer reverses than Judge Ballinger. He was a model judge, and was frequently requested to hold court in different counties of the State. By this means he became widely and favorably known "both to the bar and to business men. Declin- ing a renomination in 1896, he trans- ferred his residence in 1897 to Seattle, where he found a broader field for the display of his magnificent talents. He is an indefatigable worker. Notwith- standing the arduous duties imposed by his olHce and the great research and diligence he brought to bear in ar- riving at his decisions, he found time during his term to study and thorough- ly familiarize himself with the Com- munity Property system — a system prevailing only in the Western States. He is a ready and strong writer. His diction and style of expression is un- excelled, and the dryest subject, un- der his pen, becomes interesting read- SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 155 ing. It was while serving his term as judge that he wrote his work, "Bal- linger's Community Property." the only book extant on the subject, It has been reviewed by the ablest minds of the country and has stood the test. He is quoted by all the Supreme Courts of the community property States as extensively as any text book writer since its production. After completing this work, which of itself is a vast un- dertaking, this tireless student under- took the compilation and annotation •of the Statutes of the State of Wash- ington. He compiled what is readily acknowledged by the bench and bar to be one of the best annotated codes in existence. The last Legislature of the State of Washington adopted "Bal- linger's Annotated Code and Statutes" as the official code of the State of Washington. After completing this work he was offered by one of the larg- est law book publishing houses of the country, a large sum of money to write a work on "Federal Procedure," but he declined this flattering offer in order that he might enter upon the practice of his profession. Upon en- tering actively into this practice, he immediately went to the head and took rank with the ablest and best lawyers of the Northwest; in fact, it is doubt- ful whether, as a practitioner in the Admiralty and Maritime Courts, he has a superior at the bar. He is yet but in the prime of life, being only 40 years of age. If the past success is a criterion of the future, the prospect for Judge Ballinger is a very promising one. suit for the city. He next won the suit for the city brought by the Oregon Im- provement Company involving the right and title to a portion of certain street property. Other cases, includ- ing those arising out of the adoption of the Freeholders' Charter, came up in rapid succession, in all of which Mr. Battle took a conspicuous part, and re- sulted in his becoming the logical candidate for Corporation Counsel in the election following. He did not seek office, but, accepting nomination, he made the race, but notwithstanding he received several hundred more votes than the combined votes of the com- bined parties (Democrats and Munici- pal League) nominating him, the en- Alfred Battle, Alfred Battle. Alfred Battle was born in Texas, where he studied law and was admit- ted to the bar. He came to Seattle in 1888. The great fire of 1889 wiped out most of his fine library and office fur- niture, which was uninsured. Follow- ing the fire, the remodeling and re- grading of streets in Seattle involved the municipality in endless and heavy litigation and Mr. Battle was em- ployed by the city to assist the Cor- poration Counsel. One of the first cases of this kind was that 'brought by the Seattle Gas and Electric Light Company vs. the city to recover $100.- 000 for damages alleged to have been sustained by reason of the change in street grading. Mr. Battle won this tire Republican ticket was elected. During his ten years" practice at the Seattle bar he has been employed in many important suits, among which may be mentioned the notable suit of Dexter Horton & Co. vs. Sayward, in- volving the Port Madison Mill prop- erty; the franchise of the consolidat- ed street railways in Seattle, in which he was employed by the petitioners. Beginning with the month of Feb- ruary, 1896, Mr. Battle represented pos- sibly four-fifths of the litigated cases and proceedings relative to the Seat- tle tide lands. Since 1896, in fact, he has made a specialty of the tide land litigation, which, together with cor- poration and municipal legislation, has 156 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. constituted the larger part of his prac- tice. J. T, Ronald, J. T. Ronald has been a resident of Seattle since 1882, when the city had but about 4000 inhabitants. He came to Washington from California, where he had been engaged in school teach- ing for seven years, during which period he studied law and was admit- ted to the bar. Mr. Ronald was born In Missouri and is a typical Missourian, standing six feet three and one-half inches in height, with erect figure and open countenance. When he goes in for a legal sci'ap it is no "fake," but must be to the finish. He has been engaged in some of the longest and hardest fought cases that have ever been litigated in King County courts. In 1883 Mr. Ronald was appointed Deputy Prosecuting Attorney for the Third Judicial District of Washington Territory, which comprised all the counties north of Pierce in Puget Sound. It was during this period that he made a record for himself in clear- ing out vice and crime in various forms. He was in 1884 elected to the office of Prosecuting Attorney for the counties of King, Kitsap and Snohom- ish, and again re-elected in 1886. He was incumbent of this oflJice during the troublous times attending the "Chinese riots" and murders of Chinamen in King County, Squak Valley. The re- form elements of Seattle elected him Mayor of the city in 1892, which office he held with credit for one term. Mr. Ronald was at the state convention of Democrats at Olympia in 1892 nomi- nated for Congress, but refused to ac- cept, as he considered an injustice had been done King County in regard to the Lake Washington Canal. Mr. Ronald is one of the leading members today at the King County bar. L. C. GILMAN- L. C. Oilman of the law firm of Pres- ton, Carr & Oilman, with offices in the Pioneer building, occupies a very prominent position among the legal fraternity of this state. Few men have a larger law practice or are more high- ly regarded than Mr. Oilman. This position has been entirely created by himself since taking up his residence in this city. He moved to Seattle in 1884 from Bangor, Maine. He received his education at the Maine Central Institute. His legal education was re- ceived in New York. At the time he arrived in this city there was but lit- tle here, save a large amount of energy on the part of those already here ta do something. Mr. Oilman was not behind the others in energy, and began to labor as hard as any one for his new home. That it counted goes without saying. As a public-spirited citizen he deserves a full measure of credit and can take no little pride in what has been done by this city during the six- teen years he has lived here. In 1887 he was elected city attorney, a position which he filled with credit to himself. In 1893 he was a member of the legis- lature from this county and was con- L, C. GILMAN. sidered to be one of the most active and valuable members from this coun- ty. The present firm of which he is a member was organized in 1897. Mr. Oilman has, in addition to a very gen- eral practice, a very heavy amount of business for corporations to look after, and is probably one of the most active members of the bar in this county to- day. S, H. PILES. S. H. Piles, who is the senior member of the law firm of Piles, Donworth & Howe, who have offices in the Burke block, this city, has lived in Seattle since 1886. He first removed to Puget Sound in 1883 and took up his resi- dence at Snohomish. Mr. Piles is a se:atti.e and the orii^nt. 157 native of Kentucky, in which State he was admitted to practice law. In 1895 he was appointed general counsel for the Pacific Coast Steamship Company, now called the Pacific Coast Company. Prior to his appointment he was in partnership with J. T. Ronald, one of the distinguished members of the Se- attle bar, and in April of last year the the Bay State and was born in 1861 After graduating at Phillips Exeter Academy of New Hampshire, he took a course at Harvard College and later a special law course at the Harvard Law School. He was admitted to the bar in Massachusetts in 188.5. Mr. Fay has practiced in the Supreme Courts of the States of Massachusetts, Nevada, Oregon and Washington, as well as in the United States Supreme Court. He was Clerk of the Nevada Senate in the winter of 1889. In politics Mr. Fay was a Republican until the silver question compelled him, in loyalty to his convictions, to join the Fusion forces, where he became a bold and aggressive leader from the very start. In the Legislature following the success of the Fusion forces, Mr. Fay's name was frequently mentioned in connection with the United States Sen- atorship, although at no time did he place himself on record as a candidate. Later Governor Rogers appointed him a regent of the University of Washing- ton, which position he held until a difference with the executive led to his retirement. Mr. Fay is credited by men of all political creeds with having the courage of his convictions, for had he chosen to remain a member of the S. H. Piles. firm of Piles, Donworth & Howe was organized, and one of the strongest legal firms in the State of Washington was thereby perfected. While Mr. Piles himself has never held nor sought office of any kind, he has always been an ardent and active politician, and none stands higher in the councils of the Republican party today than he does. He is a man of very strong personality and has few equals among the strong legal force which consti- tutes the bar of this State. JOHN P, FAY, Hon. John P. Fay occupies an envi- able position among the prominent lawyers of the State. As an eloquent public speaker, Mr. Fay has few peers in logic and oratory. While he does a general law business, his practice is principally confined to corporation matters. In the short space of time since coming to Seattle — the spring of 1899 — Mr. Fay has built up a large and lucrative law business, and has pros- pered accordingly. He is a native of John P, Fay. dominant party in the Nation and State he could have easily and quick- ly attained to high political distinc- tion. 158 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. JUDGE MILO A. ROOT. Judge Milo A. Root is one of the best known lawyers in the state. He came to the Territory of Washington in 1883, entering the practice of law at Olym- pia, where he was subsequently twice elected Probate Judge and twice Prose- cuting Attorney. In 1897 he formed a law partnership with ex-Chief Justice Hoyt and located in Seattle. He is now by himself in offices in the New York Block. That his legal career has Judge Milo A. Root. been a successful one is abundantly evidenced by the court records and published law reports. Judge Root was born in Bureau County, 111., Jan. 22, 1863, removing to the State of New York in 1876, where he was educated principally at Albion and Albany. In 1890 he married Miss Anna Lonsdale, a daughter of the late Dr. R. H. Lonsdale, who was one of Washington Territoir's earliest pio- neers and a friend and official associ- ate of Gen. Isaac Stevens, first Gov- ernor of the territory. Judge Root is a member of several fraternal orders; a Congregationalist in church matters, and a Republican in politics. JAY C. ALLEN, Jay C. Allen, who occupies a promi- nent position with the legal fraternity of Seattle as a member of the law firm of Allen & Allen, with offices in the Dexter Horton Bank building, has probably made as rapid rise and pro- nounced success for himself as any young man now prominently before the public. He was born July 3, 1869, at the Kentucky Military Institute^ near Frankfort, Kentucky, which was founded in 1846 by his grandfather, R. T. P. Allen. When quite young his. family moved to Florida. He after- wards attended the Military Institute, from which he graduated in the year 1885, taking the course of bachelor of arts. His standing was second in a class of about forty, and he was the youngest of the number. His grade, however, was a fraction over 9.8 of a possible 10. After his graduation he entered the law office of his father, where he studied law continuously un- til 1889, when he removed to this city. Shortly after his arrival here he was appointed deputy sheriff for King County by John H. McGraw, the then sheriff, and remained in such position until the expiration of Mr. McGraw's term of office. In 1890 he was admitted to practice law, and at once formed a copartnership with his father. John Jay C. Allen. H. Allen, and John Powell, under the firm name of Allen & Powell. In 1897 Mr. Powell retired and the firm con- tinued under the name of Allen & Allen as at present. Mr. Allen is a member of the Superior and Supreme Courts and of the United States Cir- cuit Court, and the District Courts of this State and of the United States Cir- SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT, 159 cuit Court of Appeals of the Ninth Circuit. In politics he is a Democrat, and has been quite active in his party's interests since coming to this city. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, Red Men and Foresters, and is one of the charter members of the Seattle Athletic Club. During Febru- ary of the present year he was mar- ried to Miss Jeanne M. Lynch of this city. WILMON TUCKER, Very few of the younger members of the Seattle bar occupy a more con- spicuous place than does Wilmon Tucker, who has offices in Dexter Hor- ton & Co.'s Bank Building. His prac- tice is of the very best class and of rfuch a character that it gives him very considerable prestige. Mr. Tucker was born on a farm in Crawford County, Iowa, June 17th, 186S. He was educated in the public schools of Iowa and in the Normal School at Shenandoah, of the same State. After attending the Normal School for a period of two years, he took up teaching in the public schools for some little time. In 1887 he en- and on December 9th, 1892, was admit- ted to practice by the courts of this State. He has always had to make his own way and began life for him- self at the age of 14, and from that day to this has had to rely entirely upon his own unaided efforts. Since his ad- mission in 1892, he has been actively engaged in practice, and has built up a very lucrative business. Two years ago he formed a partnership with Ivan L. Hyland, late City Attorney of Bal- lard, a partnership which still exists. Mr. Tucker has been leading counsel in the famous damage case of Taylor vs. City of Ballard, and has conducted a great many other important cases in King County. He was married on October 14, 1897, to Miss Lilian Snoke, and his resi- dence is on Thirty-fourth Avenue, over- looking the lake. Politically he is a Democrat. He has always been very active in the councils of the party since 'he became old enough to vote. He attaches more importance to busi- ness, however, than to politics, and as a consequence can be found pretty con- stantly attending to his own affairs. JOHN K, BROWN. Wilmon Tucker. John K. Brown. tered the law office of R. Show Van of Denison, la., where he studied for a year. In 1888 he went to Aurora, Neb., and entered the office of E. J. Hainer, one of Nebraska's leading lawyers, and one of her late Congress- men. In 1890 he moved to Seattle and entered the office of John H. Elden, John K. Brown was born December 14th. 1852, at Buffalo, N. Y. He at- tended private schools in that city until he entered Yale University, where he graduated in 1872. He studied law in Buffalo in the offices of Messrs. Will- iams & Potter, and was admitted to the bar at the general term of the i6o SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. Fourth Department, of the Supreme Court of the State of New York in October, 1876. He immediately went to Virginia City, Nev., where he resid- ed until 1882. While in Virginia City he was engaged in the practice of hid profession and held the offices of Jus- tice of the Peace and Assistant District Attorney. After a short residence in San Francisco he returned to Buffalo, where he remained until October, 1889, when he came to Seattle, where he has since resided and been engaged in the practice of his profession. In March, 1896, he was elected Corporation Coun- sel of the city and served as such for two years. Among cases of importance in which he has been engaged may be mentioned the litigation resulting from the failure of the Spring Hill Water Company to pay its bonds when its plant was sold to the city; the case of Faulkner against the city of Seat- tle, in which was finally determined the validity of the ordinance authoriz- ing the construction of the Cedar River water system, and the cases in the Supreme Court of the United States in- volving the validity of the taxes levied by the city upon shares of national banks. DANIEL KELLEHER, Daniel Kelleher. Daniel Kelleher, a member of the prominent law firm of Bausman, Kelle- her & Emory, was born in Middle- boro, Mass., February 5th, 1864, and educated in the public schools of that State. He was prepared at the Bridge- water High School for Harvard Col- lege, which latter institution he en- tered in 1881. After spending four years at Harvard he graduated in the class of 1885. He then went to Syracuse, N. Y., where, as a private tutor, he Will H. Parry. Councilman-at-Iarge and ex-City Comptroller. Mr. Parry is now associated with the large ship- building concern of Moran Bros. Co. prepared boys for Harvard. At Syra- cuse he was admitted to the bar. In March, 1890, he left Syracuse for Seat- tle, and in March, 1890, formed a law partnership with G. Meade Emory, a graduate of Cornell University, who came West with him from Syracuse. A year later the firm took in as its senior partner Frederick Bausman, who received his legal education at the Harvard Law School. In the past ten years the firm has been engaged in very active and important business and has conducted much important litigation in the different courts of the State. Mr. Kelleher takes an active interest in political affairs and is a member of many of the prominent so- cial clubs of the city. Though taking a prominent part in the councils of the Democratic party, he is averse to hold- ing political office of any kind. Tlie firm have built for themselves a large and lucrative law practice. SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. i6i " MORRISON'S." J. W. Morrison's palace of enter- tainment, at 621-623 First Avenue, Se- attle, has no peer on the Pacific Coast in point of elegance and completeness in appointment and furnishings. No leading fresco artist of Berlin, Ger- many, has drawn liberally on his gen- ius and skill in decorating the walls ceiling and vestibule, where may be seen realistic paintings of Puget Sound and Alaska scenery, done in oil all harmoniously grouped and blended. The six billiard and pool tables are the finest in the city. The bar is a wealth of massive carv- ing in oak and naahogany, French plate mirrors and the atest designs in cut glass. Only the choicest brandsof liquors and cigars, serv- ed by competent one who has view- ed the beautifully frescoed, spacious billiard parlorsand magnificent bar will attempt to con- trovert this state- ment. "Morri- son's" is truly an ideal in high art and beauty of de- sign. "Jim" Morrison, proprietor of this high-class estab- lishment, made his stake i n Alaska, where his wide ac- quaintance and universal popularity went hand in hand. He has unbounded" faith in Seattle and hence has spared neither wealth nor ef- fort in making his place the leading re- sort for gentlemen in the city, and, for that matter, in any city in the West. A Two Fine Interior Views of "Morrison's," the Swell Place of Seattle. mixologists, are to be found at Morri- son's. A splendid feature of the establish- ment is that no cards, boxes or kindred accessories find a place therein, the aim on the part of the proprietor being to preserve the gilt-edged reputation l62 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. which the establishment has so justly earned. A raised dais along two sides of the billiard parlor on which are rows of elegant oak easy chairs, aflord gentlemen an excellent opportunity to must see Morrison's to gain a concep- tion of its many admirable features, as a pen picture must fall far short of doing the subject justice. The ac- companying views give but a faint idea watch the tables and players. One of the artistic features of the place. Building of the Sunset Telephone and Telegraph Co. Third Avenue, Seattle. DR, EMIL BORIES, Emil Bories of Seattle, Wash., son of Herrman and Rosa (Freiman) Bor- ies, grandson of Joachin Bories, was born .July 12, 1852, at Auval, Province of Bohemia, Austria. He received his elementary education in the public schools at Sacramento, Cal., and Port- land, Or., and in private schools of San Francisco; later he attended the Portland Academy, under Prof. T. M. Gatch, and received the degree of A. M. from the Society of American Litera- ture and Arts, Buffalo, N. Y., in 1891. He commenced the study of medicine in 1875 at McMinnville, Or., under Dr. James T. Augur of that place, and Dr. H. R. Littlefield at Dayton, Wash. He attended four courses of medical lec- tures, three winter and one summer, at the Bellevue Hospital Medical Col- lege, New York City, and at the medi- cal department of the University of Vermont, receiving from the latter in- stitution the degree of M. D. in 1885. He immediately located in practice at Dayton, Wash., remaining there six years, and then removed to Snohomish, Wash.; but the climate, not agreeing with him, he returned after six months to Dayton, and in 1894 removed to Se- SEx\TTLE AND THE ORIENT. 163 attle. He served throughout the small- pox epidemics of Columbia County, Wash., in 1880, and along the Northern Pacific Railroad in Montana during its construction in 1881. He is a mem- ber of the Inland Empire Medical So- ciety, State Medical Society of Wash- ington, American Medical Association, National Association of Railway Sur- t)R. Emil Bories, geons, Pharmaceutical Association of Washington, registered pharmacist State of Washington, Delta Mu Medi- cal Society of Burlington. Vt., and is a medical licentiate of the States of Oregon, Vermont and California. He was resident surgeon of Washington & Columbia River Railway, ex-County Coroner, ex-City Health Officer, lec- turer on hygiene, physiology, chemis- try and anatomy, Dayton High School, and is medical examiner for several insurance associations and companies. He is a member of the Masonic frater- nit, including the higher degrees, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias and sev- eral other secret societies, and is spe- cial correspondent for several literary and current publications of Washing- ton and Oregon. He was a physician for Columbia County, Wash. Dr. Bor- ies is the author of a paper on "Per- manganate of Potassium in Rattle- snake Poisoning,'" Medical World, September, 1891; "Cocaine Hydrochlor- ate in Sea-sickness," Southern Califor- nia Practitioner, June, 1886; "Apomor- phia and Antipyrine in Asthma," Ibid., July, 1888; "Electrolysis in the Treat- ment of Wans," Philadelphia, October, 1888, and numerous short articles and various formulae which have been pub- lished in the medical journals. He has also written a brochure on the impur- ities of drinking water. In 1891 he in- vented a stethoscope, intended, with the aid of electricity, to distinguish the sounds of the heart and other im- portant organs more clearly; the in- strument is not ready for general use. Dr. Bories married, October 14, 1890, at Baker City, Or., Miss Carrie Gunder- sheimer of that city. He has one child, a son, Henry Villard Bories. In 1895 he was appointed lecturer on Pharma- cognosy, Materia Medica and Toxicol- ogy in the Department of Pharmacy, State Univei-sity, and was appointed in 1897 quarantine oflBcer for the port of Seattle. He is also medical exam- iner for several fraternal societies. J. D, LOWMAN, When J. D. Lowman came to Seattle in 1877 Seattle was rather an in- significant place. His uncle was the J. D. Lowman late H. L. Yesler, and after Mr. Low- man arrived here he took a position on Yesler's wharf, and looked after that institution for a period of two or three years, in the service of his uncle. At that time Yesler's wharf was practi- cally the only landing place in Seattle, and all ships and all the passengers 164 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. from points on the Sound, to and from San Francisco, and the East landed at this dock. Subsequently he purchased a half interest in the book and station- ery business of Mr. Pumphrey and the firm was changed to Pumphrey & Low- man. After remaining together for two years he purchased Mr. Pumph- rey's interest and conducted the busi- ness alone for a couple of years. In 1884, at the time Seattle began to grow very vigorously, he organized the Low- man & Hanford Printing and Station- ery Company, and still remains at its head. It is now one of the biggest stationery and printing concerns on the Coast. In 1885 he took active charge of H. L. Yesler's business, and was compelled to devote a great deal of time and attention to it, as the af- fairs were considerably involved. Through his efforts, however, the vari- ous interests were straightened out and the business put in a very satisfactory shape. In 1892 he organized the Se- attle Theatre Company, and is still at its head as president. He was also one of the owners of the Union Trunk Line Street Railway, which runs up James Street and thence out Broadway to the City Park, South to Beacon Hill and east to Madrona Park, one of the most considerable street car lines in the city. Subsequently he did much towards bringing about a consolidation of the various interests, which have since been consummated. It was he who did much towards carrying the Trunk Line through the depression which followed the panic of 1893, a period when nearly every enterprise here had a precarious existence. At the present time Mr. Lowman is looking after various large interests of his own, as well as considerable real estate matters which are entrusted to the firm of Lowman & Pelly, and for that purpose keeps an office in con- junction with Mr. Pelly in the Pioneer building. G, W, STETSON G. W. Stetson, president of the Stet- son-Post Mill Company, has a personal history very closely identified with the growth of Seattle, and one which is more than ordinarily interesting. He came West in 1864 from Waldo County, Penobscot Bay, Maine. He had learn- ed the millwright and bridge building business from his father, with whom he worked up to the time of his leav- ing home in that year. In following the advice of Horace Greeley, he landed in that year in Portland, Oregon, and his first undertaking was the building of the Ash Street dock for the old O. S. N. Company, and although but 19 years of age, he was given charge of the work and remained there until it was completed. The dock today is one of the considerable institutions which line the Willamette River in the metropolis of Oregon. When this was. completed he drifted to Puget Sound, and having a thorough knowledge as a millwright, he secured a position with the Puget Sound Mill Company at Port Gamble, then, as now, owned by Cyrus Walker and Pope & Talbot. At that time mills were few and far between and practically the life which grew G. VV. Stktson. up about them was all there was to be found on Puget Sound. Mr. Stet- son remained with the company eleven years, seven of which he was foreman of the mill. This brought him up to the year 1875, when with the very small capital which he was enaljled to save he started a sash and door fac- tory on what is now Yesler Way in this city. After running it a year, or in 1876, the mill was moved into its pres- ent location and a general milling business entered into. Its increase anc! its growth from that day to this has been the growth of the town, and what was then simply a waste of unim- SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 165 proved tide flats lias now growa to be some of the most valuable property that lies within the incorporated limits of this city. At the inception of the mill company Mr. Post was taken into partnership, and the entire capital which was used in opening the business was in the neighborhood of $2400. Prior to the admission of the terri- tory as a state the tide flats upon which the mill is now located belonged to the Government, and those having made improvements were naturally ac- corded the flrst right to purchase these lands, upon the admission of tlie state. As they had been at work for a num- ber of years filling in about their mill, they were enabled to purchase tihe ground which they were occupying and have now nine acres in this tract, all of which has been improved as their business has progressed, until, as be- fore stated, it is among the most valu- able real estate within the city. Mr. Stetson occupies a very beautiful home on Beacon Hill, a picture of which is shown herewith. He bought it some five years ago from M. H. Young, since whidh he has made some considerable improvements in the way of additions, and it is considered one of the moat charming homes in that delightful sec- tion of the city. It commands a very pretty view of Elliott Bay and practi- cally of the whole water front looking north. Today Mr. Stetson is one of t!he most substantial men of Seattle, and the small capital with which he start- ed has increased from very inconsider- able proportions until he is rated as one of the very wealthy men of tlhis section. TIhe mill plant which he has built up has kept thoroughly abreast with the times and is considered to be one of the most modern and up to date mills in the country. His suc- cess has been due, however, to a thor- ough knowledge of ihis business and the closest attention to every detail, and although for a quarter of a cen- tury he has hardly missed a day from the usual routine of conducting a large milling enterprise, the fruits of his re- ward are nevertheless pleasant to con- template, not only by himself, but by those who are intimately asociated with him, and by the large number of personal friends whidh he Tias built up during the period in which he has been in actual business here. ^^ .^ ^^. ^ .^ .£^^^/^|^i?Cp> i66 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. IMIORTS AND EXPORTS IN THE ORIENTAL TkADK AS SliEN AT GREAT NORTHERN DOCKS, THIS CiTY. THE GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY. The Great Northern Railway, one of the most extensive railway, systems in the world, having a Western terminus at Seattle and an Eastern terminus at Duluth and St. Paul, and, through its allied lines in New York, thus reaching from ocean to ocean, has done more for the settlement of the great West than any other single factor. It was built and operated as a business prop- osition, and as such is steadily proceed- ing to aid in developing the great nat- ural resources which are to be found in Washington. Not the least of this vast development lies in the trade yet to be developed with the Orient. The Great Northern was the first to see the possibilities in store for Seattle, its Western terminus, by opening a mar- ket in the countries bordering the Pa- cific, and has steadily pursued a policy which is now developing into very gen- erous proportions. The illustrations at the head of this article will afford an excellent idea of how generous this has already become. In one picture an interior of the Great Northern dock is shown. It shows 10,000 bales of Texas cotton which is waiting to be loaded upon the Oriental liner for eon- sumption by our Western neighbors. In another picture a perfect sea of Ori- ental merchandise is shown which has just been unloaded from an Oriental liner and which will be consumed in this country. It is thus we have an object lesson in building up trade rela- tions with the people who live just across the water from us. In order to make this trade assume the propor- tions which rightfully belong to it. the Great Northern is now having built two of the largest vessels ever con- structed. They will be big enough to carry the product in a single voyage of the combined capacity of 1,500 cars. With such facilities, and with the pos- sibilities in a country which has up- wards of 400,000,000 people, a faint idea can be formed of the future that lies just before Seattle, Puget Sound, and in fact the whole great state of Wash- ington. Every year there is sent to the Chi- nese Orient an enormous amount of flour, hardware, manufacturing ma- chinery, salted and canned salmon, condensed milk, structural iron and steel for railroad and other work, cot- ton, etc. Of these the states of Wash- ington and Oregon supply the flour. Within the last year or two the Chi- nese people have been brought face to face with the fact that China with its hundreds of millions of people has been outgrowing the ability of its soil to support its people. A commission appointed by the government to solve the problem recognized the advantages of the use of American flour and des- ignated that article as the most suit- able food to be added to the Celestial regimen. This has had the effect of increasing the consumption of Ameri- can flour in the Orient, but where bar- rels go now, there will be ship loads in the future, for it is only in the large cities that markets for this flour are now found. In the interior American flour is still unknown and it is these SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 167 markets which the manufacturer must reach. It is here that the millions of people live, that the population is in- creasing so rapidly, and it is these peo- ple, therefore, who must seek the American miller for his flour. In the state of Washington, tribu- tary to Seatte, Tacoma and Portland, there are nearly seventy mills, with a total daily barrel capacity of about 12,- 000. Washington is, therefore, easily able to care for the Oriental demand at the present time, and will probably for some time to come. Of the flour mills in Washington, Seattle has four and many directly tributary, and much of this flour is used to fill the Oriental orders. As the demand increases, Se- attle must build more mills. She will grow along this line, as she will along every other line, and with shipping facilities — which are sadly lacking at the present time — will become a mil- ling center of more than ordinary im- portance. The Great Northern have recently is- sued a very handsome book under the title of "Greater America," which will be sent free on application to J. W. Blabon, Western Traffic Manager, or to R. C. Stevens, G. N. R. A., at Se- attle, Wash. The Magnificent Train Service, The trip across America by the Great Northern's "Flyer" from Seattle to St. Paul and Minneapolis, having direct connections with fast trains for Chi- cago, New York, Boston and all East- ern and Southern points, is a trip of a life time. These trains of the Great Northern are unexcelled for conveni- ence, luxury and speed. The new ser- vice just inaugurated is a step consid- erably in advance of all other trans- continental lines both in the reduction in actual running time and in the very elaborate style which is maintained. Time cards and illustrated information can be secured from all railway and steamship agents, or by writing to J. W. BlaJbon, or R. C. Stevens, at Se- attle. Furnish Much Information. The Great Northern, through its General Passenger Agent, is publishing a vast amount of most excellent infor- mation in relation to the country tra- versed by the Great Northern and also about the Orient. Their recent publi- cation, "Greater America," is replete with matter concerning the trade with the Orient and is a most valuable work to possess. It contains the merchant marine of the world, the new colonies of the United States and a lot of other information along the same line. It will be sent free on application to F. I. Whitney, General Passenger and Tick- et Agent, St. Paul, Minn., or by J. W. Blabon, of Seattle, Wash. THE SEATTLE DAILY TIMES. Nothing could be more apropos in a and downs. It floundered in an uncer- magazine of this character than a brief tain way, under various managements, reference to the Seattle Daily Times until August, 1896, when it passed into The Seattle Daily Times— Exterior of the Building. itself, particularly as it has grown to be so much a part of Seattle and West- ern Washington, and in every sense of the word typifies the character of Western growth and energy. It is un- necessary to go into the early history of the paper save in a brief way. Its early struggles and trials have no part in the period which will be spoken of. Like other concerns, it had its ups the control of the present proprietors, at whose head was Col. Alden J. Blethen, formerly of Minneapolis. Minn., and a man of pronounced news- paper experience. The paper prior to its purchase by Col. Blethen was in no sense a newspaper. Its circulation, as a consequence, was inconsiderable, and its influence next to nothing. The city had a need for a truly representa- SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 169 tive newspaper, a paper for all the people, and one which, while giving ■all the news, would be fearless and straightforward in its advocacy of measures in which the general public had an interest. As newspapers are more largely controlled by the great public than any other enterprise ex- tant, their rise or fall indicates most clearly the rating the public gives to them, and hence when the present Se- attle Daily Times is held up in com- j)arison to that paper which passed into of Washington. It shows, as nothing else could show, that the people have been given a newspaper in the full sense of the word and that the news- paper has been their friend, that it has stood for all that has been good and fought everything it considered bad. It has been fearless, and it has been vigorous. The man at its head has had the courage of his convictions, and has never been afraid to express them. Coupled with a strong person- ality has been an intimate knowledge The Seattle Daily Times— Business Oi pice. the control of the present owners, in 1896, no better object lesson of the measure of popular favor can be given than to observe first one and then the ■other. The circulation of The Times in 1896 was but 5,000 copies per day; the circulation of The Times today is 23,000 copies per day. These figures tell a story stronger than columns of type could tell it. It is a mute testi- monial of the way The Times has won its way into the hearts of the people living within the great commonwealth of newspaper making. The result is what people see today. It needs no words to tell the story. The growth of The Times under its present ownership is one of the most conspicuous successes in newspaper publishing which has occurred in the West. It has been one constant climb from August, 1896, to the present. The whole office at first was housed into small quarters on Yesler Way, which would not today be adequate to the room used by the editorial department 170 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. alone. It was soon found necessary to move, and when the move was made it was to the Boston Block, right into the heart of the city, where the office still remains. The illustrations of the various departments will afford a gen- eral idea of how it is arranged, and it will also give the reader some general idea of the magnitude of a plant such as The Times now maintains. There groups, of those in each department are shown. It will be seen that more than 100 persons are thus employed directly producing The Times newspa- per, and the expense in salaries alone is very considerable. As a matter of fact, to publish The Seattle Daily Times requires the ex- penditure of more than $13,000 every month. The Seattle Daily Times— Library and Editor's Private Office. are those, probably, who have but a faint idea of the expense and labor attached to publishing a newspaper such as The Times has grown to be. These illustrations will give them an idea. They include the press room, the stereotype room, the mail room, the composing room, the type-setting machines, the various editorial depart- ments and the business office. Besides these general pictures, portraits, in The circulation of The Times now extends to all parts of the State, and when the Daily cannot be served to patrons either by agent or through the mail. The Weekly Times makes him a visit fifty-two times a» year and serves him with all the news which has previously been printed in the Daily. Thus The Times has grown to be a power in the State, but from the constant growth of its circulation the SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. lyr great public believe in that power and are willing to extend it. They have the conviction that the power of The Times will never be subserved to sinister motives so long as its present owners remain at its head. The Times has recently added very materially to its equipment and to its general interior arrangement, and to- day it pospesFes the most modern news- paper plant in the west. The nianage- is now performed. Therefore in build- ing up tlie office at The Times every de- tail in which time could be saved was most carefully observed with the result that few esiablishnients have a more perfect system. Tiiis reaches through- out every department. Kecently some additional room was secured on the upper floor of the Boston Block in which a portion of the editorial rooms are located, and an elaborately The Seattle Daily Times— Editorial Department. ment prides itself upon the fact that every inch of space is utilized to the best advantage, that the whole space of the office, from the press room to the editorial room, has been laid out with but one central idea — economy of time. In publishing a great afternoon news- paper such as The Times has grown to be, time is everything. Practically speaking there exists but six hours in which the work, under former condi tions requiring from twelve to sixteen, filled up private office for the editor-in- chief in conjunction with a new ap- pointed library, has been created. These new rooms now afford more adequate quarters, and, as shown in half- tone re- productions, are as fine as any modern newspaper establishment. No single fact demonstrates the strong hold upon the people of the northwest possessed by The Times, so clearly as- an analysis of its circulation. There is not a town of any size in any part of 172 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. The Seattle Daily Times. Assistant Manager Hanimons and Asi:istants in BusinjfS Department. SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. 175 ■ft- u/ea^o/}^ /'^esse/t^e^ The Seattle Daily Times— Managing Editor and Staff. ^74 SEATTLE AND THE ORIENT. P. \/ /^ Z/i.^o>^er/7?rsn ~ /?^/oor/er C3. K''^ . t • r» "^^ .<^ f^L'^O' ^> 9- «K. . °o HECKMAN BINDERY INC. # MAY 91 N. MANCHESTER, INDIANA 46962