Glass ,l ^ Mn Book -Vy^ %s m-^mt DESCRIPTION OF INCLUDING A GUIDE TO THE DRIVES, RIDES, WALKS AND EXCURSIONS: WITH A MAP OF THE WALKS; A PANORAMIC SKETCH OF THE OBJECTS FROM THE WORCESTERSHIRE BEACON, And other Embellishments. Second Edition, Corrected and Enlarged. -"VvU PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR; By G. Nicholson, Stourport. SOLD AT THE LIBRARY-HOUSE MALVERN; AND BY ALL OTHER BOOKSELLERS. - Vnntv&fyc.' MALTEMT ABBKY CHURCH. A DESCRIPTION OF w a Jhw mm r* INCLUDING A GUIDE TO THE DRIVES, RIDES, WALKS AND EXCURSIONS: WITH A MAP OF THE WALKS ; A PANORAMIC SKETCH OF THE OBJECTS FROM THE WORCESTERSHIRE BEACON, And other Embellishments. Second Edition, Corrected and Enlarged. . "V. I "\\X PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR; By G. Nicholson, Stourport. SOLD AT THE LIBRARY-HOUSE MALVERN ; AND BY ALL OTHER BOOKSELLERS. (Enteral at ©tationrr.s' Ipall. TO EDWARD FOLEY, •tofce 6Ditb park, HEREFORDSHIRE, ESQUIRE, THE PATRON PRINCIPAL PROPRIETOR THESE PAGES ARE DEDICATED, AS A TESTIMONIAL OF SINCERE RESPECT AND GRATITUDE, BY HIS MUCH OBLIGED AND MOST OBEDIENT HUMBLE SERVANT, Mary Southall. PREFACE. .After the encouragement which the first edition of this work has received, by a rapid sale, I am in- duced to solicit a prolongation of that indulgence which has favoured and patronized my humble efforts, in endeavouring, as plainly and concisely as possible, to guide the visiter of Malvern, to the most beautiful and interesting parts of this neigh- bourhood. Tho' ample scope has been afforded to my labours, it will appear a matter of surprise, that one whose time has been devoted more to the toil of business, than to the cultivation of letters, should have assumed courage sufficient to appear a second time before the tribunal of the public. A slight inspection of the following pages will discover that my industry has been considerable, and that I have not been inattentive to any correc- tions and improvements. In acknowledging my obligations to the author of the " Cambrian Traveller's Guide," for his friendly revisal of my manuscript, I do no more than comply with what justice and gratitude demand. Library-house, Malvern. August, 1825. CONTENTS. Dedication, page 3 Preface, 5 Contents, 7 Description of Great Malvern, 9 Malvern Hills, 11 Mineralogy, 18 Great Malvern Village, 27 Chalybeate Spring, 32 Holy Well, 25 St. Ann's Well, 36 Priory of Great Malvern, 49 Church of Great Malvern, 56 Library and Reading-room, 87 Baths, 91 Hotels at Great Malvern, 94 Post-office, 97 Charitable Institutions, 99 Forest or Chase, 111 Walks and Drives, 120 Objects from the Worcestershire Beacon, 125 References to the Panoramic Sketch, 154 Walks on the Hills, 155 Ride over the Hills to the Wells, 169 Drive to Little Malvern, 171 References to the Sketch of the Walks, 179 The same alphabetically arranged, 181 Drive to the Herefordshire Beacon, 182 Drive to Eastnor Castle, 187 CONTENTS. Vll Drive to Ledbury, 189 Excursion to Worcester, 195 Noblemen and Gentlemen's Seats, 204 Plants, 215 Terms of Southall's Boarding-house, 217 Coaches, &c. 218 Index to the Names of Persons, 219 Index to the Names of Places, 221 A DESCRIPTION OF flUdfoerm GREAT MALVERN, In the county of Worcester, is situated in the lower division of the hundred of Pershore, and deanery of Powick; bounded on the east, by Handley Cas- tle; on the west, by Math on, in Worcestershire, and Caldwell, in Herefordshire; on the south, by Little Malvern; and on the north, by Leigh. The village is delightfully stationed on the eastern de- clivity of the range of hills, in the curvature formed by the Worcestershire Beacon and North Hill, dis- tant 8 miles from the city of Worcester, 8 from Led- bury, 23 from Hereford, 9 from Upton, 16 from Tewkesbury, 17 from Pershore, 25 from Glouces- ter, 25 from Cheltenham, 47 from Leamington, and 120 from London. This magnificent range of hills is an object which strikes every visitor, irresis- tibly arresting the eye from whatever point he ap- proaches, and therefore demands ourfirst attention. The name Malvern is derived, probably, from the British Moel, a mountain, and Gwern, alders. An anonymous writer in the London Mag. vol. vi. pa. 213, says, « Malvern was the spot first im- mortalized by the pen of Langlande, the earliest british poet. It was the birth-place of the british ^use; the sceneof the " Visions of William con- cerning Piers Plowman," of which Langlande is 2 10 GREAT MALVERN. f r^+ *■■* <**• *\r #^ the reputed author, and which were written about the year 1352. John Malvern, abenedictine monk, has also been supposed the inditer of this curious poem. A wise man called William, falls asleep among the bushes, In a summer season, when softe was the sun, I shope into shrubs, as I shepherd were; In habit as a hermit unholy of workes That went forth in the world wonders to hear, And saw many cells, and selcouthe things ;. As on a May-morning, on Malvern hills Me befel for to sleep, for weariness of wandering ; And in a laund as I lay, leaned I and slept. He dreams that he beholds a magnificent tower, which is the fortress of truth, &c. Thus Malvern was noticed in verse before the days of " righte merrie" Chaucer. It must therefore, henceforth, be the british Parnassus ; it's springs must be those of our Helicon, and Tempe could not have exceed- ed in fertility the rich vale of the Severn at it's feet, the poetical Sabrina of Milton and Spencer: " The Severn swift, guilty of Maiden's death." 1 1 is astonishing that the summer flies of the metropo- lis have not made Malvern a more common resort. Fashion, it is evident, is governed by caprice and the dulness of a sandy plain, the sterility of Brigh- ton (tho' indeed the latter has the ocean to redeem it's execrable land of barrenness) the beautifulsame- ness of Cheltenham, or the wastes of Bagshot, are all of equal excellence in her eyes. Comparatively but few persons visit Malvern in the season, a se- lect few only of superior taste, notwithstanding that it's springs, air and natural beauties, render it superior to any place of public summer resort in the kingdom. I do not envy the being who cannot HILLS. II admire the " blue steeps of Malvern," as Dyer calls them, and who does not wish to " steal" thither " from the world." Ye mountains, nobly prominent! afar, Like clouds thick clust'ring huge, august and high, To your proud tops I shoot the willing glance; Mountains of pastoral beauty, spotted o'er With happy flocks, and cloth'd with liveliest green, Where oft resounds the Shepherd's rustic song; Mountains, surveying trees of richer bloom Than Tempe boasts, or Appennine beholds ; Vales more abundant, fields of kindlier soil, Woods more umbrageous of imperial oak, High o'er the champaign your stupendous form Rises in varying majesty, your brows Sometimes dark frowning, and anon serene, Wrapt now in clouds invisible, and now Glowing in golden sunshine. DR. BOOKER'S MALVERN. MALVERN HILLS. These extensive and lofty hills, which may, with- out impropriety, be styled the Alps of England, ex- tend to the several counties of Worcester, Here- ford and Gloucester, encompassed on the east by an extensive plain, and on the west by an uneven but fruitful tract of country. They are situated a- bout 8 miles south-west from Worcester, 20 east from Hereford, and 14 north-west from Gloucester. Their geographical situation is in about 52 degrees of north latitude and 1 15 miles north-west, or three degrees longitude west, from the meridian of Lon- don, running nearly in a line from north to south ; viz. from Leigh Sinton in the county of Worcester, to Broomsberrow in the County of Gloucester; the former being the most northern and the latter the most southern extremity. They extend, in one chain, about nine miles in length ; their breadth is 12 HILLS. very unequal, varying from one to two miles. The boundary which divides the counties of Worcester and Hereford, passes along the western side. The several parts of the chain present rounded summits, covered, from one end to the other, with vegetatiou. When viewed at a distance from the eastern side, a gradual rise is perceptible, and three of the hills form the principal features, as they are elevated con- siderably above the general outline. The highest parts in the whole range are those denominated the Worcestershire and Herefordshire Beacons. Upon the crest of the Herefordshire Beacon, which is situated in the parish of Little Malvern, about two miles northward from the ruins of Bransil Castle and about four miles from the village of Great Mal- vern, are the remains of one of the strongest and most important Hill- Fortresses in the kingdom. (See chapter " Herefordshire Beacon".) About a mile and half further, upon a protuber- ance of the hill, are the remains of another CAMP, consisting of a single ditch, the form and appear- ance of which, denote that it was not thrown up by the same people, or at the same time as that before mentioned, but probably at a much earlier period. On the declivity of this beacon, at a short distance from the top, on the south side of the intrenchment, you find a CAVE, 49 ^cut in the rock, somewhat of an oval form, but of rude workmanship and small dimensions; the entrance being about four feet wide, and six feet high, the concavity is ten feet in length, six feet in breadth, and seven feet high ; but by whom it was cut out, or for what purpose, is un- known. Some conjecture that it was the retreat * These numbers refer to the sketch. HILLS. 13 =of a recluse, while others suppose it may have been the refuge of some shepherd from the heat or from the storm. Returning along the ridge towards the Worcester Beacon, you arrive at a Building constructed of sod, having a range of seats, which serves for a a resting place, or a shelter from a shower. Mr. Barrett says, « a notion has long prevailed among the inhabitants of the country, that much treasure has been lost, or deposited, in the Malvern hills, but whence such an opinion originated cannot be conjectured. However, a quantity of silver coin was found in the year 1 650, on the western side of the hills, in the parish of Mathon. The most valuable as well as most singular part of the discovery, was a Coronet, or Crown of Gold, and it's appenda- ges, as mentioned by Camden and other historians. A manuscript account of the particulars of this dis- covery, is kept in the library of Jesus College, Oxford, of which the following is a copy; " Within the distance of a musket shot from the trenches of the camp, in the parish of Collwall, in Herefordshire, was found in the year 1650, by Tho- mas Tailer, near Burstner's-Cross, as he was dig- ging a ditch round his Cottage, a Coronet, or Brace- let of Gold, set with precious stones, of a size to be drawn over the arm and sleeve. It was sold to Mr. Hill, a goldsmith, in Gloucester, for thirty pounds. Hill sold it to a jeweller in Lombard-street, London, for two hundred and fifty pounds, and the jeweller sold the stones, which were deeply inlaid, for one thousand five hundred pounds, as Mr. Clough, of Lombard-street, reported." It is the 14 HILLS. opinion of many people, that this was not a brace- let for the arm; but a Coronet or Diadem for the head; and was worn by a British Prince, for ac- cording to Rowland, the Princes of Wales, wore upon their bonnets, or helmets, Coronets of Gold, being broad head-bands, indented upwards, and set with precious stones. It is much to be lamented that this invaluable relic of antiquity should have been demolished. The two other prominences are situated nearly together, at the northern extremity. One from it's situation, is called the North Hill, the other, which lies on the south, the Worcestershire Beacon. An- cient writers supposed the Herefordshire Beacon to be the highest point of the hills, but from an accu- rate admeasurement by Mr. Barrett, we learn that the Worcestershire Beacon is the highest, the latter rising thirteen hundred and thirteen feet, and the former but twelve hundred and eighty feet above the adjacent country. In the table of altitudes, taken in the course of the ordnance survey of England, and published by that board, the height of the Malvern hills is stated to be one thousand four hundred and forty-four feet. " I am informed," says Mr Horner, in his Mineralogy of Malvern hills, " by Lieutenant Col- onel Mudge, that the particular hill to which this measurement refers, is the Herefordshire Beacon. I obtained, however, that of the Worcestershire Beacon and North Hill. The instrument I made use of was Sir Henry Englefield's portable barom- eter, and the following are the results of my obser- vations. My lowest station was at the north-eastern HILLS. 15 extremity of the Common called the Link, from which point, there is almost a dead level to the banks of the Severn. *' The Worcestershire Beacon, by the mean of three observations, 1238 feet The North Hill, by the mean of two observations, . . 1151 The road before the Crown Hotel in Great Malvern, was 273 feet above that plain, or 333 feet above the lineof the Severn, by a mean of three obser- vations, 273 The Worcestershire Beacon inclines to the south of the village, and probably derives it's name, as well as the Herefordshire Beacon, from it's being used as a signal station, on account of it's great height, when the adjacent country was a seat of war. A beautiful ascending serpentine Valley, of con- siderable extent, separates the Worcestershire Bea- con, from the North Hill, and another divides the latter from the End Hill. These Vallies run from east to west and not parallel to the chain ; the form- er arising from the basis of the Sugar Loaf Hill, and terminating at the foot of the Shrubbery-House. The views from the eastern and western sides of the Malvern Hills present very different appear- ances. Upon the eastern or Worcestershire side, you see one continued level, interrupted only by small woody hillocks ; upon the western or Here- fordshire side, the contrast is great, there being a succession of hillsrisingoneabove the other, termin- ating in the Welch mountains. Malvern was an- ciently included in the southern limits of the Or- dovices, or that part of North Wales which con- tains the counties of Montgomery, Merioneth, Caernarvon, Denbigh, and Flint. 16 HILLS. The prospects from these hills are amazingly ex- tensive, bounded only by an uninterrupted panor- amic horizon. Upon the Worcestershire Beacon you may descry the counties of Monmouth, Here- ford, Radnor, Brecknock, Salop, Warwick with Edge-Hill, Stafford with Sedgley Beacon, Wor- cester, Gloucesterand Hereford ; the rivers Severn, Avon and the Teme; also the Bristol Channel. Encompassed by a lofty range of Mountains, you see the Wrekin and Clee Hills in Shropshire, the Lickey Hill near Bromsgrove, the Black Moun- tains in Brecknockshire, the Hills in Abergavenny, the Gloucester Hills, and a view of the city; Chel- tenham, and Ledbury Mount, but to particularize all the delightful views which may be seen from the summits of the Malvern hills, would exceed the limits of this small work. The surface of the more elevated part of Mal- vern Hills is productive of gorse and fern ; in others, it is a sweet turf, affording excellent sheep- pasture. The mutton, which is small, is much es- teemed for it's mild flavour. The Digitalis purpurea or purple Fox-Glove, is so very plentiful and luxuri- ant about the hills, particularly near the Serpentine Valley, which separates the Worcestershire Beacon from the North Hill, that in the months of July and August, it appears, at a distance, a beautiful flower- garden. The Campanula rotundafolia, or round leaved bell-flower, is found in many parts of the hill, chiefly on the basis of the Worcestershire Bea- con, and along the sides of Mr. Darner's walk. The extensive scenery around, presents, on one side, a campaign of the richest cultivation, inter- HILLS. 17 spersed with numerous mansions, lawns, woods, and the golden plantations of the country, peopled with cheerful and thriving towns and enlivened by the busy streams of the Severn and Avon. Wind- ing vallies are mingled with hop-grounds, gardens, seats and swelling woods. In short, nothing is wanting to constitute the sublime and beautiful in landscape. We cannot conclude our description without noticing the enchanting prospect from the hills and village on an autumnal evening. The subli- mity and picturesque beauty of it's effect upon the Worcestershire side, is beyond the power of pen to describe. When the weather is very clear and the sun is obscured by the hills, leaving the village in shade, the more distant prospects appear richly glowing with it's declining beams. This is the time when this delightful vision can be enjoyed. When the nights are frosty, another fine effect is produced in the morning, and not unfrequently throughout the day. The vales of Evesham, Gloucester, and the whole extent of country, up and down the course of the Severn and Avon, as- sume the appearance of a smooth sea, while Bredon, Drips Hill, and other eminences appear as little islands. Frequently has the traveller to Malvern been enveloped in a dense fog, for many miles, on approaching this place ; but arriving at the vil- lage, to his great surprise, he has found a charming sunshine, the fog settling in the vale below. Altho' this delightful place, in common with all others, is deprived in winter of the beauty of foilage, in 18 MINERALOGY. ********** rr* the nearer view, the beauty of the distant prospect is no way diminished. From these stupendous heights, the wandering eye, By telescopic aid, delighted sees A hundred temples rise ; ten fertile Shires, Three cities, fam'd, with their cathedral towers ; Villas, innumerous, glittering to the sun, With many a rural cottage, the abode Of pastoral simplicity; blossom'd trees, Silvering the distant orchards ; Cambria's heights, Where the bright sun declines, burst on the view AH forms assuming. DR, BOOKER'S MALVERN. MINERALOGY. For an analysis of the Mineralogic construction of the great masses of these mountains, and nearly the whole of the eastern side, we are indebted to the genius and industry of Leonard Horner, Esq. F. R. s. &c. who deposited in the collection of the Geologic Society, a series of specimens illustrative of the mineralogy of this district. He describes the rocks as extremely diversified in their composition and ambigious in their character, consisting of dif- ferent compounds of felspar, hornblende, quartz, andmica, in variousproportions with, occasionally, epidote. These are irregularly heaped, in large masses, and in no part were they discovered dis- posed in any way which could be considered as a continued stratification. These, he says, constitute the greater part of the range ; and there is a large quanitity of granite. Specimens of hornblende and mica, variegated with copper and iron pyrites, may frequently be picked up. The mass displayed in in the Wych is principally granite, in which red fel- spar predominates; and the mica, which is abun- MINERALOGY. 19 dant in some places, is of a dark colour. But that which particularly catches the eye of the tourist, is a quantity of argillaceous rock, which fills up the spaces between the masses of granite. This is of a dark olive green colour, with an imperfect slaty structure ; and when broken across, shews an earthy fracture; and the flat thin masses into which it breaks, have smooth and shining surfaces. Wm. Phillips, Esq. fls. mgs. L. & c. and hon. mem. of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, has communicated to the editor of the " Annals of Phi- losophy" a paper, " On the Geology of the Malvern Hills," in which he details some circumstances which had escaped the notice of Mr. Horner, see New Se- ries, vol. 1, p. 16, dated Jan. 1821. Mr. Phillips's avowed object in this communication is to shew that the rocks of this range are occasionally strati- fied, and to do away the received and erroneous opinion that they partly consist of granite. « The nearest place to Great Malvern," says Mr. Phillips, " where a strong tendency to regular stratification appears, is about three miles on the south of it, and about 100 yards beyond the stone inscribed " Ledbury four miles." The beds con- sist of red felspar, from an inch to a foot in thick- ness, enclosing quartz, and hornblende, rarely mica. The interstratified substances, are hornblende, oc- casionally mixed with talc, and sometimes includ- ing a thin layer of red felspar and quartz, or of granular felspar with hornblende, greatly resem- bling mica, of which the slaty structure is parallel with the beds of felspar. Here and there are layers of granular quartz, mica, felspar, and hornblende, 20 MINERALOGY. the plates of the mica being parallel with the gene- ral dip of the beds ; hornblende, sometimes of a slaty structure, occasionally occurs in the same di- rection, but it now and then appears to pass into an earthy substance, having somewhat the appear- ance of lithomarge. These beds vary from half an inch to a foot in thickness, and tho' not strati- fied with perfect regularity, are visible for nearly 100 feet in length, and \2 or 14 feet in height, above which the hill is covered with verdure. Many of the beds may be traced for several feet. These beds dip at an angle of about 20 degrees to the north-east. In this place, these beds are tra- versed by a dyke or vein of greenstone, about 2 feet wide, except that it narrows a little about 18 inches above the road, and dipping nearly north at an angle of about 70° with the horizon. The greenstone of the dyke is so remarkably fine- grained as to require the assistance of a glass to discover that it is a granular rock, and it lies in narrow layers running nearly parallel with the sides of the dyke, but which are traversed by crev- ices not quite at right angles, so as to divide the layers into quadrangular masses. " Pursuing the road from Great Malvern to- wards Ledbury, the rocks on it's side continue to present some, tho' less decided marks of stratifica- tion, until the road turns nearly due west ; and just before it has attained the summit of the rise, a quarry appears upon the top of the hill to the right, perhaps 100 feet above the road. This quarry is open to the south, and stratification is obvious. The prevailing substance is red felspar. Some of MINERALOGY. 21 the upper beds present interstratifications of fel- spar, hornblende, and mica,(?) and enclose small masses of attractive iron ; others of slaty hornblende mingled with quartz ; others again of felspar and hornblende. One stratum, above three inches in thickness, consisting wholly of slaty hornblende greatly resembling mica, may be traced for about 40 feet in length along nearly the middle of the quarry. *' In several places upon the eastern side of the range, and particularly within a mile south of Great Malvern, many of the rocks in which horn- blende greatly prevails, have marks indicative of stratification. Granite has been described as being the pre- vailing rock at the Wych, as constituting a great part of End Hill, and the upper part of North Hill, and Swinnit Hill, by Mr. Horner. Mr. William Phillips says, " An anxious search among these rocks, every where, for more than three parts of the way along them, south, from their termination on the north, did not satisfy me that even a single hand-specimen of well-characterized granite could be found. Granite is commonly understood to be a rock, in which its ingredients, quartz, felspar and mica, are all decidedly crystalline, without the ap- pearance of one of them as an imbedding substance." The following is an account of the varieties of the projecting Rocks of the range, chiefly from Horner, interspersed with Mr. Phillips's additional remarks. Hornblende is the prevailing substance of the rock at Castle-Morton quarry, upon the east side of Swinnil'Hill. It is highly crystalline at that 22 MINERALOGY, **-r**rjr-wrsn quarry, and sometimes contains roundish masses of calcareous spar, in other places specks of red fel- spar. It is sometimes traversed by red felspar in every possible direction, in veins which cannot be considered other than contemporaneous, from the 16th of an inch to a foot in thickness, and rarely of any considerable length, and often terminating ab- ruptly. Thin veins of calcareous spar traverse the red felspar in various directions, striated contrary to the run of the vein ; it often contains horn- blende y rarely mica. It is also the prevailing rock of the quarry at the north part of the range. Hornblende rock passes into a Substance of a dark green colour, imper- fectly slaty texture, and earthy fracture, and of smooth surface, abounding at the Wych, and hav- ing the appearance of forming a bed there. It is interstratified with beds of red felspar, a little south of the four mile-stone between Great Malvern and Ledbury. That hornblende passes into this sub- stance will become manifest by the use of the ham- mer at the Wych. Greenstone and sienitic rocks, both large and small grained, abound upon the sides of End- Hill and North-Hill> and occur upon their summits. Very fine grained greenstone occurs in a columnar form, breaking readily parallel to two of its planes, and sometimes in the form of an obtuse rhomboid, as near the summit of the Worcestershire Beacon, and upon End-Hill. A hard and somewhat schis- tose rock of hornblende and felspar in minute grains occurs in situ upon the west side of the range, south of the Worcestershire Beacon, Upon the eastern MINERALOGY. side, a little south of Great Malvern, are rocks of crystalline hornblende, enclosing specks of red fel- spar and quartz, the mass being traversed by veins of epidote. Slaty hornblende enclosing specks and larger portions of felspar occurs at the Wych. Hornblende, reddish Felspar and Quartz, in small grains, constitute some of the rocks of End-Hill, and the summit of North-Hill, and form a prevailing rock of these hills. It sometimes con- tains magnetic pyrites, veins of epidote and sul- phate of barytes. Hornblende, Felspar, Quartz, and a little Mica, constitute the rocks upon the western side of End- Hill ; and upon the side of the road leading up to the Wych, hornblende prevails in the latter, and the rock is schistose. Hornblende, with a few spangles of Mica, and a little Felspar, upon the ridge connecting North-Hill and End-Hill. Hornblende and Mica are the constituents of rocks, upon the top of the hill between the Wor- cestershire Beacon and the Wych. Hornblende and Mica, in a state of decompo- sition mixed with red Felspar. Rocks of these constituents, and of a slaty structure, occur upon the north-east side of the Worcestershire Beacon, and upon the road leading from Great Malvern to St. Anne's Well. Hornblende and Epidote, with specks of Mica, and containing Veins of Epidote, constitute rocks upon the northern side of End-Hill. Rocks of highly crystalline hornblende enclosing specks of red felspar and epidote, (sometimes without the 24 MINERALOGY latter) are found in various places near the north em termination of the range. Compact Felspar, of a pale flesh colour, is the prevailing rock upon the side of the road, as it rises along the side of the valley above Little Malvern, and winds round the northern face of the Hereford- shire Beacon. Felspar and Quartz, with a little Mica and Epidote, are described as principally composing the rocks of the western side of the range. Compact Felspar, Hornblende, Quartz, and Steatite of an earthy texture, imbedding detached Crystals of Felspar, form a rock upon the southern side of Holly -Bush- Hill. Opaque Quartz and silvery Mica, in the form of a vein, occurs upon the side of the road leading up to the Wych. Felspar and Mica, united by a ferruginous clay, as far as the closeness of it's texture would ad- mit of decision, formed a massive rock, exposed up- on the southern end of the range, called Eagstone- hill> by the quarriers. The rock is of an olive-green colour, and is occasionally traversed by veins of calcareous spar. Conglomerate, fine grained, of a dark brown colour, and composed of felspar, steatite, and cal- careous spar, united by a ferro-argillaceous base, and containing some minute specks, of a greenish yellow substance, in diverging fibres, which is prob- ably actinolite. This rock which occurs a short way to the south of the Herefordshire Beacon, at- tracts the magnet. MINERALOGY. 2& Conglomerate of rounded masses, and crys- tals of quartz and felspar, with some hornblende united by an argillaceous cement, in the new road lately made upon the side of the North-Hill. Mr. Barrett has allowed, that to demonstrate the origin of the Malvern Hills, exceeds the bounda- ries of human ingenuity. They are however either primary productions, or were produced at some very remote aera, and might have been rocks in- volved in the ocean. The arrangement of the ma- rine productions in the strata, proves that they were deposited by water. Many of these marine relicts are in great preservation. The shell-fish re- tain their striae, and the other kinds their respective vertebrae. The remains of zoophites or sensitive plants, which always inhabit the recesses of rocks in the sea, are extremely numerous. The direction of the strata is generally parallel to that of the range, but there are some exceptions. In the limestone of Stonyway quarry, the direc- tion of the strata is from east to west exactly at right angles to that of the range. The strata near- est the range is vertical. So far from the same stratified rock always occurring near the unstrati- fied, it is, in some places, sand-stone ; in others, the argillaceous rock ; and in others, limestone. Such remarkable variations can only be accounted for on the supposition that some violent force has elevated them from the horizontal position in which they were originally deposited. From an accurate examination of the variations in the direction and dip of the stratified rocks in 3 26 MINERALOGY. this chain, Mr. Horner thinks they afford a strong exemplification of the Huttonian theory of subterra- nean fire ; since such variations can only be ac- counted for on the supposition of some violent force, which has elevated the stratified rocks from the horizontal position in which they were origi- nally deposited. Some excellent gravel occurs, upon a terrace-like shelf, about half way up the eastern side of the range. The western declivities of the hills contain a bed of lime-stone, which is the course of a vein com- mencing at Pensax, and terminating at Ledbury. This stone is of a bluish cast, interspersed with whitish veins. It takes an excellent polish, and is used sometimes for chimney-pieces. This bed of limestone contains an almost infinite variety of ma- rine productions, particularly the remains of shell- fish ; such as cockles and muscles of various sizes ; fish encrusted with a stony concretion, or the ca- vities in the fish filled up by this concretion, for modern naturalists do not admit of the principle of petrifaction. Many zoophytes of the screwstone kind are also found here. Mr. Barrett found the fragment of a horn, belonging to a marine animal. These, together with corals, cornua Ammionis, sponges, vertebrae of large fish, &c. leave no doubt that these hills, or part of them, were once under water. 27 GREAT MALVERN VILLAGE. Thy village Malvern, Claims description's powers; and she with ready zeal- Unfurls her canvas for the pleasing task. It's sloping site from western gales secur'd ; It's scattered mansions, some like rural cots, Whited and decfc'd with woodbine or with rose, While some, more spacious, raise their storied heads, Descried from far. DR. BOOKER'S MALVERN. This charming village is found, both by the inha- bitant and sojourner, a very pleasing residence, and, in the season, is generally filled with company who visit the place, either for it's romantic beau- ties, salubrious air, or healing waters. The aspect of the place is so favourable to vegetation, that you may commonly see in the front of the houses, the Chinese rose and hydrangia in full bloom at Christmas. From the mildness of it's atmosphere, the late Doctor Raillie styled it the air of Mont- pellier. Many visitors, who have resided here in the winter season, have frequently expressed their surprise at the salubrity, warmth, and mildness of the air at that period of the year. This fact is, however, strongly evinced from the productions of vegetable nature, which are upwards of three weeks earlier at Malvern than in adjacent situa- tions. This may be accounted for from the soil being particularly dry and gravelly, and to it's being much elevated above the mist and dew of the atmosphere, which condense, and settle in the vale below. This fact may also be readily ascertain^ 28 GREAT MALVERN VILLAGE. ed by noticing the valleys before sun-rising or after sun-setting. These condensations prove very de- structive to vegetation, as instanced in oaks. From this cause the lower branches are often blighted and destroyed, while the tops escape uninjured. An- other instance occurs in wall- flowers : these, in elevated situations, flourish, while those in the val- ley frequently perish. It is also noticed that the hills are frequently much warmer than the vale beneath. The above remarks have been made by an accu- rate observer, a gentleman living in the neighbour- hood, who has paid great attention to this subject and communicated these remarks. The houses in the village are neat and commodious, most of them having been recently built, and are pleasantly sta- tioned among orchards, gardens and plantations ; the scenery of the neighbourhood combining in a happy union, the romantic, the beautiful and the sublime. These buildings are purposely fitted up for the reception of the company which visit the place ; and except a few belonging to persons of fortune, who make it their residence through the year, are either wholly or in part, let to visitors. The number of houses in the village are about sixty. According to the census of the year 1821, the whole parish of Great Malvern contained 313 houses, the number of inhabitants was 1568, of whom 750 were males, and 818 females. This vil- lage owes it's origin to a hermitage or priory founded here about the year 1083. The present Church, according to ancient records, belonged to the priory or abbey, and is still called the Abbey- GREAT MALVERN VILLAGE. 29 Church. In the church-yard, and also near the centre of the village, are two ancient crosses, the shaft of each is formed of one stone. That in the church-yard is 12 feet from the base. Upon the top is a modern sun-dial surmounted with a ball. Upon the side nearly opposite the walk to the church is a niche which contained an image, pro- bably of the Virgin Mary, there being steps around whereon the devotee might kneel. The ancient Gateway belonging to the priory, adds much in- terest to the place. From the grand entrance to the Library, extending to the end of the village, is an excellent walk partially shaded by old elm trees, constituting a charming prominade. At the Inns and Boarding-Houses are very excellent accommodations, with great attention and civility ; nor will the visitor, who prefers private lodgings, find any want of comfort or convenience. Although no regular market is established here, there is an abundant supply of everything that can be required. The butcher's meat, particularly the mountain mutton, is excellent. Poultry, butter, eggs and vegetables, in great abundance, are reg- ularly brought into the village, every morning, from the adjacent farms, and sold at the doors at moderate prices. Here are also to be found good milliner's, haberdasher's, and grocer's shops. At the Library the company may be supplied with stationery, perfumery ; books, of every de- scription, either for instruction or amusement ; toys, views of the church, gateway, and sketches of the varied scenery in the neighbourhood. Mr. Southall, the proprietor of the library, gives instruc- GREAT MALVERN VILLAGE, tions in music, of whom piano-fortes and a great variety of popular music may be bought or hired. In the venerable and spacious Church, every ac- commodation is given to visitors, and the service is rendered more than usually interesting by the impressive manner in which it is performed by the Rev. Dr. Card, vicar. The service commences at eleven in the morning, and in the afternoon at three. Invalids resorting to this place will be much grat- ified in being informed that a Physician of great eminence is become resident of Melton House,™ where he intends to continue, and exercise his pro- fession. To pass unnoticed the admirable situation in which the village stands would be unpardonable ; on one hand the towering majestic hills, almost hangs over it; and the interesting Church be- neath, exhibits, in it's architecture, a very beauti- ful example of the latest period of the pointed style. On the other hand, the soft extensive plain ap- pears a finished picture. And when we superadd the pleasing harvest scenes, which may here be viewed in their highest perfection, the prospect is highly gratifying to the eye, inspiring in the mind sentiments of benevolence to our fellow creatures, and gratitude towards the hand which seattereth such profusion of good. When these objects are joined with the salubrity of the air, the efficacy and purity of the waters, the charming romantic rides and walks upon the hills and in the vicinity of Malvern, they must neces- sarily cause this to be pronounced one of the most interesting places of fashionable resort in the king- dom. GREAT MALVERN VILLAGE. 31 Happy, enchanting Village ! if thou know'st Thy own true Happiness. What precious gifts Do other regions boast, which are not thine ? Grateful with Israel's Seer, thou may'st exclaim, 4 How bless'd, supremely bless'd, these breezy plains With every good for man ! How bless'd with fruits, Ripen'd by temperate suns, and fed with showers Sent by the favouring moon ! How richly bless'd With these o'ershadowing Mountains, lifting high Their hoary summits ; where unnumber'd flocks Range free to pasture ; and whence softly flow Streams, salutary streams to bless mankind.' Look, thou inhabitant of Malvern, round, Westward, or north, or south, or where yon east Blazes with solar glory; look, and praise Nature's beneficient Almighty Lord, Whose hand a scene, so beauteous could create, Whose goodness made a scene so beauteous thine. DR. BOOKER'S MALVERN, ON THE DIFFERENT WELLS, AND MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF THE MALVERN WATERS. There is no spring taking it's rise in the Malvern Range, which is not found to be impregnated, in a greater or lesser degree, with the minerals which these hills contain. Several of the springs or wells are found very efficacious in different diseases, but as three are principally used, we shall give only a des- cription of them, and their medicinal properties. THE CHALYBEATE SPRING is situated about four hundred yards to the east of the Church. To arrive at it, go down Paradise- row, 78 pass the church yard to the turnpike. You then find a carriage-road on your right hand, which leads to this valuable sanative spring, the healing virtues of which has diffused the blessing of health to many an invalid, as very recent cases bear testi- mony. Hitherto the spring has only been protected by a slight railing, but that indefatigable friend, patron, and benefactor, to Malvern, (of whom the author, through many a grateful remembrance will be led frequently to refer to in the progress of this work,) General Buchanan, in conjunction with the proprietor of the land, finding the spring through WELLS. S3 various causes verymuch weakened, have had many sluices cut to ascertain in what part the strongest ferruginous matter lies; the whole piece of ground adjoining the original spring being highly impreg- nated with the Chalybeate property. When this has been ascertained, which is to be done without delay, Mr. Mason, to whom the land belongs, is, with great liberality, going to erect a building every way suitable to the use of the water, and intends to expend a very considerable sum in making three other approaches to the spring. General Buchanan has marked out, and already begun, many very beautiful walks in the grounds, near the intended Well-House, and added another fine feature to the scenery, by clearing and improving a piece of water adjacent to the walks, which is bordered by some very fine trees. These cooling shades, will, during the summer months, afford comfort and pleasure to the company who visit Malvern, and add very much to the improvement and beauty of the place. These ideas are far from being merely conjectural, since much ground has been purchased and laid out for the purpose of building several houses; some of them will be at a very short distance from the Chalybeate spring. Dr. John Wall, who wrote on the virtues of the Malvern waters about the middle of the last cen- tury, observes that the Chalybeate spring nearly approaches to the Holy-well, in point of purity, for two quarts of this water, contain only one grain of earth, one grain of iron, and nearly the same quantity of muriatic salt, which grows moist in the air, and therefore appears to be Bittern, on which 34 WELLS. account it seems to challenge one of the first places among waters of this class. For though it be not so highly impregnated with iron, as some others, yet it is sufficiently so to answer what is expected from a Chalybeate ; and being much less loaded with earth than any other, it is probable that the ferruginous particles, do, on that account, more readily and intimately mix with the blood and jui- ces, while the water, by it's extreme purity, per- vading the finest vessels, washes away the acrimo- nious salts and obstructing viscidities. From the most accurate analysis, it appears, that at the spring head, Pauhon Spa waters contain four times more of the chalybeate principle than this spring, but are loaded with four times more earth. Tunbridge wa- ter contains three times more iron, but has six times more earth. Cheltenham and Scarborough waters have only the same quantity of iron, but are much loaded with earth. Cheltenham, in particular, con- tains eighty-eight times more than this spring ; and, to instance no more, Bath waters have nine times less of the chalybeate principle, but twenty-eight times more of the insoluble matter. To have this water in perfection, it must be drank at the source,. From it's extreme lightness and purity, it sits easy and passes well off the stomach, nor is it apt to heat the blood or to affect the head so much as other waters usually do, hence it has of- ten been eminently serviceable when the common Chalybeate springs were of little use. WELLS. 35 rssrw* THE HOLY WELL. fountain of health ! in annals of old time, Named holy. Ever, ever, could I stray Beside thy stream, thou purest spring that flows ! Climb each bold eminence, and daily find Some object new for wonder ; ever gaze On the wide scene around me, and regale, "When thirst demands or pleasing taste invites, At thy clear rill, that sparkles at my foot, And think it luxury. DR. BOOKER'S MALVERN*. This well is distant two miles southward from the village of Great Malvern. In approaching it, the visitor must go along the Hereford mail-road, as far as Essington's Hotel, which he leaves on the left and ascends a steep hill leading to the Rock- house and the Well. The spring rises upon the eastern side of the hill, the Holy- well is inshrined in an appropriate building, consisting of a bath, and several apartments well adapted to the pur- poses to which the water is applied. The Well- house is situated as much below the crest of the hill, as above the valley beneath. Whence it de- rived the appellation of holy is not certainly known. Tradition says, it was anciently in great repute, and the virtues of the water were ascribed to supernatural agency, and therefore was digni- fied with the epithet holy. 36 WELLS. ST. ANN'S WELL. Hail ! hallow'd Fount ! that in thy friendly course Health to the sick and solace to the swain Dispensest freely ! thy limpid wave I seek, for inspiration in my theme, Malvern — by thee enrich'd and made to please. DR. BOOKER'S MALVERN. St. Ann's- Well is situated a short distance from the village, on the northern side of the Worcester- shire Beacon, and rises from the hill immediately above Bannister's cottage. 32 Two ways lead to it, one being nearly opposite the Library, at the end of which road, turning to your left, you proceed, hav- ing the Shrubbery House and grounds on your right, with the back of the Belle Vue and Crown Hotels on your left, which brings you to the foot of two roads leading to the well. The other way is a few paces from the Crown Hotel ; to the south of which you find some easy steps by the side of the Parks, the elegant seat of the Misses West. As- cending, you leave Bannister's Cottage, keeping the hills to the left. You thus reach the two roads, one a steep straight ascent, the other a zig-zag sinuous way, upon which there are seats, at comfortable dis- tances, the feet being conducted up the ascent by easy pleasant stages, and the eye delighted all the way with the lovely prospects which present them- selves. Passing a cottage on the right, at a short distance, you descry the well, protected by a small building, the female inhabitant of which, is always particularly neat and clean, and with great civility, WELLS. 37 attends you with glasses to drink the water, or to assist you at the spout for the affected part to re- ceive the healing element. No demand is made, all remuneration being left to the generosity of the visitant. The component parts of the water, flowing from this, and the Holy Well, are the same, differing only in their respective quantities ; a difference, perhaps, arising from the temperature of the seasons when they were analyzed. For is it not probable that all mineral waters are different at different times, ac- cording as more or less rain may descend to the source, through the impregnating medium ? Wheth- er, however, the impregnating bodies of these springs do actually differ, as to quantity, is of little moment, so long as they are both found to procure extraordinary effects. Here our own recent expe- rience proclaims their praise, or rather the praise of that beneficient Being, who communicated to them their sanative power ; a cloud of witnesses, and many of them living ones, can be adduced to prove the wonderful cures effected by these waters. The particulars of very many recent cases may be known at the Library. The complaints in which these waters are pecu- liarly efficacious, are scrofula, in every form ; all eruptive and cutaneous diseases. Great benefit has been derived from them in diseases of the kidneys and gravel. This place is also highly recommend- ed by eminent physicians in London, in consump- tive and nervous cases, on account of the salubrity of the air and extreme purity of the water, tending greatly towards accelerating their recovery. 38 WELLS. To Dr. John Wall, late of Worcester, the pub- lic are much indebted for his analysis and remarks on the Malvern waters, and to the further experi- ments of his son, Dr. Martin Wall, of Oxford. Dr. Martin Wall republished seventy-six cases of the efficacy of the waters in various complaints, from his father's book. Dr. Johnstone, an eminent physi- cian, who also resided at Worcester, made several experiments on the Malvern waters ; and although the results did not agree, in every instance, with his predecessor's, they yet confirm their great efficacy in scrofulous and other cases. But to Dr. Wilson Philip, a physician of no less eminence, lately residing in Worcester, but now of London, we are indebted for an analysis, the result of laborious and patient investigation, far exceed- ing every other in chemical accuracy. He appears, after upwards of seventy judicious experiments, to have proved satisfactorily, that the Holy Well, and St. Ann's Well, are impregnated with certain ac- tive ingredients, to which their wonderful effects may be attributed. The following extracts are from bis book, published in 1815. " These waters have been loug celebrated for their purity, and to this alone their effects have been generally ascribed. From the following analysis, however, it would appear this opinion is erroneous, and that their good effects, as iu the case of other mineral waters, arise chiefly from the foreign ingre- dients they contain. " This will hardly be doubted, if it can be shewn that they contain substances which have long been celebrated medicines in the same disease^ in which WELLS. 39 yvr r^- r+*^r #vr *s* r* the effects of the Malvern waters are so strikingly beneficial. That they contain but a small quantity of such substances, is no argument against this opi- nion. We well know that the effects of medicines are not in proportion to the dose merely. How many chalybeate springs, which contain but a small quantity of iron, are more efficacious in restoring vigour than the most powerful artificial chalybeates. " Yet we know that the effects of such waters depend on the iron they contain ; because, when deprived of it, they lose, at the same time, their in- vigorating quality. Whether the same quantity of pure water would produce the same good effects, independently of the other ingredients of such wa- ters, we cannot tell ; most probably it would not. But when we reflect on the intimate union which takes place between bodies, when one exists in very great and the other in very small quantity, of which a thousand instances might be enumerated, we have reason to suppose that the effects of many mineral waters depend on this intimate union ; by which, perhaps, a greater quantity of this medicine is re- ceived in a state more capable of producing it's pe- culiar effects, than when it is taken into the stomach and bowels in a more concentrated form." The following are the contents of a gallon of the Holy Well water, according to the analysis of Dr. Wilson Philip. grs. Carbonate of Soda, 5.33 Carbonate of Lime, 1 .6 Carbonate of Magnesia, 0.9 J 99 Carbonate of Iron, 0.625 Sulphat of Soda, 2.896 Muriat of Soda, 1.553 Residuum, 1.687 40 WELLS. The following are the contents of the water of St. Ann's Well, the same quantity, namely, a gallon. grs. Carbonate of Soda, 3.55 Carbonate of Lime, 0.352 Carbonate of Magnesia, 0.26 Carbonate of Iron, 0.328 Sulphat of Soda 1 .48 Muriat of Soda, 0.955 Residuum, 0.47 It appears from this analysis that the properties of the Malvern waters are peculiarly different from the other celebrated waters in this kingdom, and agree with several of those of the Continent, as may be perceived from the following table of the solid contents of a gallon of the Malvern and Spa wa- ters, according to Bergman's analysis of the latter, reduced to the English measure, by Dr. Saunders. HOLY WELL. ST. ANN'S WELL. SPA. grs. grs. grs. Soda, combined with fixed air, 5.33 3.55 11.76 Lime, combined with fixed air, i. e. chalk. Magnesia, combined with fixed j Q gigg fi air, i. e. uncalcined magnesia, 3 Calx of Iron combined with fix- ed air, i. e. rust of iron. Glauber Salt, 2 896 1.48 Common Salt, 1.553 0.955 1.376 \ 1.6 0.352 11.76 0.625 0.328 5.86 It appears from the foregoing table, that the sol- id contents of the Malvern and Spa waters differ only in there being no Glauber Salts in the latter. Whether the Malvern waters would be found of use in the various cases in which the Spa waters is so celebrated, cannot be determined, sufficient trials having not been made. In estimating the probable effects of a mineral water, we must not attend WELLS. 41 so much to the mass of it's solid contents, as to their activity. Iron and Soda are among the most active of the ingredients found in mineral waters ; to them we may ascribe the good appetite and spir- its which attend the use of the Malvern waters, aided by the delightful situation and salubrious air of this district. The most sensible effects of the Malvern waters, is that of a diuretic, which we cannot hesitate to as- cribe to the carbonate of soda, which has long been used in medicine for the purpose of producing this effect, and such is the relief often obtained by these waters in the gravel, that Dr. Wall thought they possessed the power of dissolving urinary concre- tions. " It is perhaps too much to expect," he says, " that a formed stone can be dissolved by this water, but that sabulous matter may, I am fully convinced from the effect I have observed in those who have used it." In eruptive cases, cutaneous diseases, and in scrofula and scrofulous debility, their effects are more beneficial than those of any other mineral wa- ter of this country, as can be proved from numer- ous cases which have come immediately under my observation. It is necessary to observe, that mineral waters, like other medicinal substances, are efficacious in certain diseases only ; and I would suggest the propriety of consulting some professional man, whose judgment may determine how far the water is adapted to each individual case, and in what manner it should be employed so as to render it efficacious. 4 42 WELLS. There is a peculiar advantage attending the Mal- vern waters; namely, that wherever their use can be of service, they may be entered on immediately, without any previous preparation. The sensible effects of these waters are different in various cases, and they are generally most felt on first using. It is not uncommon for them to produce a nausea and afterwards to prove aperient. In many cases they produce a contrary effect on the bowels, so that some aperient medicine is necessary. When they are drank copiously, particularly by those who are not accustomed to them, they frequently produce a slight determination of blood to the head, which appears from a sense of drowsiness, and some- times a little fulness, and even pain about the fore- head; but this speedily goes off, oris immediately removed by a walk or a ride, or any gentle exer- cise. Some sort of exercise is always necessary after taking the water, as it prevents that sense of nausea and oppression, which may arise from a quantity of fluid taken into a weak stomach. We would advise half a pint of water to be taken the first thing in the morning, while the stomach is emp- ty, and the same quantity half an hour afterwards, which may be increased according to circumstan- ces. But if the stomach should be in such a debil- itated state as to reject this quantity of water in the morning, which will often be the case, we would recommend it to be taken at night, as wa- ter gruel, or a glass might be taken at noon. If it should be preferred a little warm, the best meth- od is to put the water into a bottle closely corked, and to immerse the whole in hot water, for by this WELLS. 43 means little of the air can escape. The water should, if possible, be always drank at the spring head, but if the constitution, or strength of the patient, will not admit of it, the water should be received into a stone bottle, closely stopped, to prevent the air from escaping and so conveyed to the patient. A trusty person, who can be depended on, should always be sent for the water. When children are sent, they often, through carelessness, neglect to cork the bot- tle, by which means, the fixed air evaporates. We have known many of them, to have even taken water from the first brook they have seen, instead of the well water. The woman at the Well House will, at any time, for a very small remuneration, send the water by one of her family, to any patient who may require it. The season for drinking these waters, is during the whole summer, and in the spring and autumn, in fact from March to December. But in scrofu- lous cases, the water should be used both internally and externally, throughout the year, without inter- mission, and by our own recent experience, it has been proved, that when the weather is severely cold, the best method is to warm the water in the manner before noticed, and the affected parts should be immersed in the water; but if that be impossi- ble, the sores should be constantly bathed with the water made milk warm. By this treatment, we have known the wounds heal very rapidly, though when applied cold, the water has had no visible ef- fect. When the water is first used, where there are sores, a slight fever is generally produced, and the parts become inflamed. In this case, the best meth- 41 WELLS. od of treating the sores is to boil a turnip in the wa- ter, and when nearly cold, apply it in the form of a poultice ; but if turnips are not to be had, bread should be applied in the same manner; the patient, at the same time, drinking freely of the water. By this treatment, this adventitious heat goes off in a few days. These inflammatory appearances have been frequently known to alarm the patient so as to cause him to leave off using the waters altogeth- er, when if he had persevered in the use of them, we are confident, from our own knowledge and ex- perience, that they would in all human probability, have entirely eradicated the disorder. In all cases, patience and perseverance are necessary, but par- ticularly in scrofula. To effect a constitutional change in this disease, a continual use of the water, without any intermission, for two years, is required ; and in many constitutions a much longer time. Bathing the whole body in the water, and drink- ing freely from the spring head, if possible, are highly necessary, and a free admission of the waters upon the wounds, as it falls from the spout, should at least twice a day be resorted to. The patient should drink, when at the spring, as much of the water as his stomach will bear. " Of all the waters.'' says Dr. Scudamore, " which have come under my examination, these of Malvern claim the most regard for their purity, but when we consider, for a moment, the remarkably slight impregnation of each water, it becomes difficult to assign to them so large a share of medicinal power, as has been attributed to them. I am, however, most willing to admit, that, if a course of the wa- WELLS. 45 ■*+ r<+ * x -r*r r*r r~r +-r ter, from either spring be united with a plan of reg- ulated diet, both as regards the dinner meal and the use of wine, material benefit will be derived. I have, with success, advised the addition of tincture of ammoniatediron to the water, in graduated doses. Any class of medicines, which a particular case may require, will be perfectly compatible with the use of the water." Thus it appears, that " the springs of Malvern have proved an efficacious remedy for many ob- stinate and deplorable diseases, which have resisted the powers of the most useful and appropriate medi- cines; in scrofulous cases, in inveterate ulcers, and sores that have been called fistulous; in ob- structed and scirrhus glands, and some that ap- proached to the state of cancer ; in disorders of the eyes and eye-lids ; in nephritic complaints and dis- orders of the urinary passages; in cutaneous dis- eases; in coughs from scorbutic and scrofulous causes ; and in loss of appetite. Such is the testimo- ny of Drs. Wall and Philips, physicians of great celebrity, and unquestionable veracity. Their ev- idence has been confirmed by the successive ex- perience of some of the first of the profession; and I know, that at this day, (1805,) these springs are recommended as a dernier resort, in the most de- plorable cases, by Sir Francis Millman, one of the most eminent physicians of the metropolis. But the most careful analysis has not been able to detect, in the Malvern water, any active ingredient what- ever, to which medicinal powers can be ascribed ; it is no more than the uncontaminated element, nearly approaching to the purity of distilled water. 46 WELLS. ■**+*•****•+*■*>* *^r As it is, therefore, absolutely destitute of all proper and peculiar medicinal powers, the benefit derived from it's use can be attributed to no other cause, than to the cessation of the constant and habitual application of noxious matter, contained in the wa- ter of common springs. When the morbific force is removed, the innate powers of the system are developed and become active, and thus is the body gradually restored to the actions and sensations of health. The medicinal powers of springs, remark- able only for their purity, have been observed also upon the continent. At Schleusengen, a town in Hennebergh, a principality of Franconia, are such waters, famed for their utility in chronic diseases, particularly in calculous complaints, in arthritic, rheumatic, and scorbutic affections, and in cases of muscular debility. Near Osterode, a mine town, in the Hercynian forest, is a fountain of great cel- ebrity, in which not a particle of mineral ingredi- ents can be detected. Within two miles of Halle, at Lebeg, a spring rises out of the rocks, the water of which is pure and imputrescible. A beer is made of this water, which is used as a medicine, of great ef- ficacy in nephritic cases, and in inflammatory habits. Some springs, formed by the melting of the snow upon the Rhoetian Alps, have been found to possess similar virtues. At Pisa, Tettucia, and Nocera, in Italy, there are also medicinal springs of great cel- ebrity, which, like our Malvern wells, are destitute of all active ingredients." — Hoffmani Opera,' torn. v. pa. 206. fol. Genev. 1740. — Dr. Lambe on Con- stitutional Diseases, p. 35, Lond. 1805. " This is certain, the salubrious air of Malvern, WELXS. 4T ^s^^srysrx^^x^^ 1 ^^ and the peaceful sensations which the quiet and charming retirement of the spotinspires, contribute, in the greatest degree, to strengthen the body, to calm the mind, and thus promote general health. It is from such a conviction that I have advised the Cheltenham invalid to repair to this favoured situ- ation, at a certain period, after the use of the ape- rient alterative waters." — Dr. Seudamore. Early rising, and a salutary degree of exercise, either pedestrian or equestrian, previous to the use of the water, and for some time afterwards, must al- ways form a principal part of the regimen of con- valescence; for by this means they will add to the circulation of the blood, not only by the mechani- cal effects of the exercise, but also by the inhalation of a greater quantity of the pure atmospheric oxy- gen, which will give considerable assistance to the waters in their beneficial process. This will be at- tended with other good effects, for as Mr. Barrett observes, « the air which they will breathe, in these walks and rides, and, indeed, in every part of the Malvern Hills, is so very refreshing, as to have a great tendency to create an appetite, and to revive the spirits :" and this pure atmosphere seems to ex- tend it's stimulating influence to the surrounding country, which is very seldom visited by epidemic disease. " Too much care," says Dr. J. Wall, " cannot be taken by those who send for the water from the wells, that their bottles be perfectly clean ; since it is known to dissolve impure substances which adhere to the inside of vessels, that common water will not affect. Tea-kettles, which have become incrusted 48 WELLS. with earthy particles, may be perfectly cleansed by boiling these pure waters in them." Dr. Wilson Philip observes, that the effect of the purest com- mon water in removing this crust is trifling compar- ed with that of the Holy- Well water. This crust is sulphat of lime, upon which the Malvern waters possessing carbonat of fixed alkali, act as a dissolv- ent. On this account, clothes may be washed in this water with less soap than any other. It's su- periority in culinary uses, as in making tea or malt liquor is remarkable. O comfortable Streams ! with eager lips And trembling hand, the languid thirsty, quaff New life in you ; fresh vigour fills their veins, ARMSTRONG. 49 THE PRIORY OF GREAT MALVERN. Historical records agree that Malvern is a place of great antiquity, and has long been celebrated in ecclesiastical history ; and that it contained an Her- mitage, or Priory, which according to Thomas, who wrote an account of its antiquities and church in Latin, (temp. Jac. 1.) was founded here "in the wild foreste," anterior to the Norman invasion. This establishment was for seculars. Our author states, that Urso D' Abitot, or D' Abot, a Norman baron, who possessed considerable estates in this county, was the founder. In this, Thomas has been contradicted, there being no mention of D' Abitot's name in either of the two charters granted to the Priory by King Henry the first. If not the founder, however, it is very evident that Urso was a benefactor, very soon after the conquest. A ra- ther curious grant being extant, made by him to the Malvern brotherhood (vide Nash's History of Wor- cestershire, vol. 2d, page 266, note) to which a- mong the witnesses is Athelisa, vicecomitissa, the Sheriff's lady, his own wife. That some kind of a religious house was founded here, prior to the con- quest, is apparent, from a charter of Henry the first, referred to in Dugdale's Monasticon, which states that it was endowed by King Edward the confessor. 50 PRIORY, Tanner says, " that Great Malvern was a place of great antiquity ; for here in the wild forest, was an hermitage or some kind of religious house for seculars, before the conquest, endowed by the gift of Edward the Confessor, as it is stated more than once, in the second charter of King Henry 1st, recorded in the Monast. Anglic, vol. 1, p. 366. about 1083. A somewhat different account of this foundation has been given by Dr. Nash, in his His- tory of Worcestershire, viz. " Before the conquest, Malvern was a wilderness, thick set with trees ; and some monks, who aspired to greater sanctity, retired thither from the priory of Worcester, and became hermits. The enthusiasm spread so rapid- ly, that their number soon increased to three hun- dred ; when forming themselves into a society, they agreed to live according to the order of St. Benedict, and elected Aldwin, one of their com- pany, to be superior." Mr. Neal in his "Views of Collegiate and Parochial Churches," says, " Nash refers to William of Malmsbury as his authority for this statement, but in respect to the numbers of brethren congregated under Aldwin or Aldewine, he is incorrect, Malmsbury's being Usque ad Iri- cenarium numerum, that is thirty, and not ire- cenarium, or three hundred." He was probably misled by Habyngdon, the author of an account of this Priory, which was dedicated to Queen Eliza- beth, and printed in 1596, and in which, Habyng- don has fallen into the same mistake. In the " Annal. Wigorwiensis," Aldwin is expressly cal- led the founder ; from the circumstance, as Ha- byngdon rationally conjectures, of bis having beg- PRIORY. 51 ged the charity of others as much as perfected the foundation of this priory, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and some say to St. Michael. " That there was a chapel dedicated," as tradition says, " to St. Michael, with a residence for some seculars, on the scite where a small cottage now stands, in which a Mr. Banister now resides, appears evident as the cottage is erected on part of the walls of the chap- el. In many places of this cottage, are the same kind of curiously inscribed tiles, as those which formed part of the pavement of the ancient church. Very many of the same kind of tiles have been fre- quently dug up out of that part converted into a garden. The chimney-piece in the house, is form- ed out of a fine stone with mouldings, and has every appearance of having been some part of the chapel. It is equally evident that the orchard belonging to the same cottage, was a burial- ground, from the coffin-furniture and bones which are constantly found when it is ploughed up. A large Wall has been recently discovered, which inclosed the ground; the place being upon a declivity, the earth gave way, by which means the foundation of the wall was laid open to view. As a further proof that it was a cell or hermitage for an- chorites, the ancient writings of the house refer to it as " The Hermitage," by which name it is still known. The proprietor, in removing the earth behind the cottage, found a number of earthen- pipes curiously constructed, so as to slide one into another, evidently for the purpose of conveying the water from St. Ann's Well to the hermitage. Many of them are in his possession. 52 PRIORY. Aldwin appears to have been one of the anchor- ites at Malvern ; and about the year 1083, he was persuaded by St. Wolstan, Bishop of Worcester, to become a benedictine monk, instead of going on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, as he had previously in- tended. The bishop assured him, that his place at Malvern would be wonderfully favoured by God. These predictions he is said to have lived to see ful- filled in a very considerable degree. The benefac- tions which he obtained, enabled him to found a pri- ory and Church for thirty monks, in honour of the Virgin Mary. Thus was this monastery founded in the year 1083, in the 18th of William the Conqueror, who was a benefactor to this order of benedictines. One of the principal benefactors was Gislebertus Crispinus, abbot of Westminster ; who, with the consent of his convent, assigned several estates and manors to the new foundation ; stipulating, as it should seem, that the future patronage of the priory should belong to his own establishment. Hence the abbots of Westminster always claimed the approval and confirmation of the priors of Mal- vern ; though it was not without many disputes that they maintained their privileges ; Malvern, therefore, was regarded as a subordinate cell to the Abbey Church of Westminster, and the Dean and Chapter have lands in it's vicinity at this time. Henry the first was a considerable donor to this priory, besides confirming all former grants by his charter, dated in 1 127. He bestowed various lands upon it's inmates ; particularly Quat and Fuleford, in Shropshire ; and Hathfield, in Herefordshire. PRIORY. 53 Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, lord of the forest, contributed largely to the revenues of this house. Osborne and Richard Fitzpontz or De Pontibus, were likewise considerable benefactors. Wolstan, prior of Worcester, with consent of his convent, gave to the church of Great Malvern, sundry lands in Powick, Braunceford, and Leigh. The Church of Upton-Snodsbury, was appropri- ated to the priory of Great Malvern by Henry Wakefield, about the year 1392. The prior and convent were likewise lords of Knightwick, which manor they assigned over to Godfrey Giffard, Bish- op of Worcester, with consent of King Edward, son of Henry. This conveyance was made by King Edward, in order to terminate a dispute which had long and violently subsisted between Richard Ware, abbot of Westminster, and Godfrey Giffard, concerning the subordination of the pri- ory of Malvern. The litigation was at length set- tled thus ; that the Bishop should have Knightwick, and that the Priory should be subordinate to West- minster. Before the church of Powick had been appropriated to the priory of Great Malvern, they had the manor of Canterbauhhan, and the parish church of Laugh Mayn, in the diocese of St. David, together with a prebend stall in the said church, the manor of Foleford in the diocese of Litchfield and Coventry, and the parish church of Pichetote (Pitchcot) in Lincoln diocese ; all which had been taken from them, so that they could hardly sup- port their number of monks, which was twenty-six, together with thirty poor people whom they con- stantly maintained. 54 PRIORY. In 1159, William Burdet gave to God and St. Mary, of Malvern, and to the monks serving God there, all the land he had in Aucott, in Warwick- shire, with the mill, &c. and other possessions, for the foundation of a Cell for four monks. Another Cell subordinate to Malvern, was afterwards found- ed at Brockbury, in the parish of Colwall, in Here- fordshire. Bishop Latimer, about the period of the dissolu- tion, petitioned that two or three religious houses in each county, and in particular that of Great Malvern, might remain, and their revenues be ap- plied to the purposes of education ; but this was overruled by the cupidity of Henry the 8th's coun- sellors. When the Priory was dissolved, the value of it's possessions was estimated, according to Dug- dale, at 308Z. Is. 5~d. ; and according to Speed, it was31 51. Qs.6d. In the thirty-sixth of Henry 8th, the priory demesne was granted to Wm. Pinnock, who transferred it to John Knotesford, sergeant at arms, by whose descendants it was sold to James Oliver of the city of Worcester, about the year 1774. Queen Elizabeth, in her thirty-first year, granted to Richard Brathewayte and Roger Bromley and their heirs, all the tithes of lambs, pigs, calves, eggs, hemp and flax, and the oblations of the pa- rish, and of the chapel of St. Leonard, on condi- tion of their paying £8 yearly to the vicar, and 8s. 2d. to the archdeacon of Worcester, in respect of a synodal and procuration issuing out of the said tithes. The Priory Gate-Way still remains in tolerable preservation ; together with an ancient and some- PRIORY. 55 what curious wooden edifice, supposed to have been the refectory and audit-hall. From this it would appear, that the monastery was, in part, at least, constructed of wood; a circumstance very rarely occurring in monastic establishments. Mr. Bellers of the Fold, is the present occupier of this ancient remain, and has converted it into a barn and stable, but it will still be found worth the at- tention of the antiquary. 56 THE ABBEY CHURCH OF GREAT MALVERN. Hail ! time-worn Structure ! happily transform'd From what thou wert. How solemn ! how august ! As should be House of God and Gate of Heaven ! The soul thou fill'st with reverential awe. DR. BOOKER'S MALVERN. The Church is a large and spacious structure built in the form of a cross, having* a lofty tower rising from the intersection of the nave and tran- sept. Formerly, two chapels were attached to it, which have been destroyed ; viz. one at the eastern end, consecrated to the Virgin Mary ; and another on the southern side. From many points of view, this magnificent fabric is seen to great advantage, but particularly from the north. The tower which rises from the centre to the elevation of 124 feet, is finely ornamented with pierced battlements and corresponding pinnacles of a peculiar construction. Elegant tracery adorns the windows, and the open work of the embattlements, westward from the transept, gives an agreeable lightness to the upper part of the walls. The more ancient parts of the Church, which are principally confined to the massive columns and CHURCH. 57 arches of i he nave, are of early Norman architec- ture, and, no doubt, coeval with the Priory ; but the rest of the building is in the pointed style of Heury the seventh's time. That munificent patron of the fine arts, Sir Reginald Bray, K. G. a native of Worcester, was the architect ; and under his su- perintendence the church assumed that appearance and character which still render it the admiration of beholders, who, from it's magnificent remains, may conceive an idea of it's pristine beauty. The Lichfield Manuscript informs us, that the situation of Malvern was so much admired by Henry the seventh, his Queen, and their two sons, Prince Ar- thur and Prince Henry, that they were induced to beautify the church with stained glass windows, to a degree of magnificence, which made it one of the proudest ornaments of the nation. "These win- dows," says the M. s. " form a mirror, wherein we may see how to believe, to live, and to die." After the conveyance of the priory demesne, to John Knotesford, Esq. as before mentioned, the church was purchased from him by the inhabitants of Malvern, for £200, and made parochial. The Patron of the living is Edward Foley, Esq. of Stoke Edith Park, Herefordshire. During the lapse of time, and through the culpable neglect of those who should have attended to it's preservation, this interesting pile became greatly dilapidated ; and about the year 1788, it was in such a ruinous state, that it could not be used with either conve- nience or safety : the roof admitted much water ; the seats had become mouldy and decayed ; the walls and floor dreadfully damp, (for some parts 5 68 CHURCH. of the church were subject to be flooded,) and the ivy allowed to pierce through the broken win- dows, and to cover a large portion of the eastern end of the fabric. In this deserted state it re- mained till the year 1812, when a large sum, raised by a subscription, among the nobility, and gentry of the surrounding country, was expended in a very injudicious manner, and this noble edifice re- ceived but a very partial repair : the roof indeed was made whole, and the ceiling was restored to cleanliness ; but ruin and devastation, rubbish and lumber, still remained below. The church conti- nued in this state till the year 1816 ; but in the in- termediate time, from 1812, that indefatigable and truly pious Lady Apphia Baroness Lyttelton, made another effort towards further repair, but the sum subscribed being too small to accomplish what her ladyship proposed, nothing was done. The money was afterwards applied to the use of the church, when in a propitious hour, in 1815, the Rev. Dr. Card was inducted to the vicarage, and the compil- er is highly gratified in recording, that through his activity and zeal, a further subscription was ob- tained, and the church, within four months, was placed in a complete state of reparation and im- provement. These exertions justly distinguish him as " The Restorer of Malvern Church." Such was his anxiety to bring back this ancient edifice to something like it's original dignified and magnificent character, that at one period he had advanced a a large sum from his private purse without know- ing how he was to be repaid. The interior of the Church has a neat and im- CHURCH. 59 pressive character, and the magnificence and spa- ciousness of the building strike fully on the mind, especially when contrasted with the small size of the village. It's length is 173 feet, it's breadth 63 feet, the height of the nave is 63 feet. When the sun's rays stream through the rich tints of it's co- loured glass, the effect is very fine ; particularly on the fourth window, upon the northern side of the nave, the delineations on the glass being very striking. The nave is very neatly pewed, and an enlargement is now taking place, by which 300 additional sittings will be obtained, of which, 200 are free and unappropriated. Dr. Card having made application for assistance to the Society for promoting the enlargement of Churches and Chapels, has obtained a grant of £200 towards this accommodation, by which means he has been ena- bled to improve the church very much. The Royal Arms by the side of the arch that leads to the nave was gratuitously painted by the late Mr. Solaway, a resident of Malvern ; this piece is highly finish- ed, and does credit to the artist. An ancient inscribed Tile, fixed in the cylindri- cal pillar on the left, has much attracted the atten- tion of antiquarians, and been the subject of some disquisition. It is unlike any of the numerous tiles which abound in this church ; upon many of which the armorial bearings of divers benefactors are re- presented. This, however, bears no ornamental device, but simply a rhyming inscription, in eight lines in the old English character. 60 CHURCH, tfjcnke.mon.pi.iiffc. mat.not.eu.enmtre. patpofo.oogt.pi.tfcif. of.patpoto.art.gttre. but.pat.poto.fcqptjSt an.to.pi.srctitr.curc. ano.cu.fjttabailci'e. fjtt-i£.btttatenttt«. The author of " Reflections relating to the Mal- vern Hills," decyphers it thus : « Think, man, thy life cannot for ever endure, that which thou dost thyself, of that thou art sure, but that which thou keepest (reservest) for the cure (office) of thy executors, or of thy successors, it is but a chance, if it ever shall avail thee, for it is un- certain whether it ever will be done." " It is probable," the author adds, " that this in- scription, which was repeated in so many parts of the Church, was intended to stimulate the readers to pious and charitable donations, which might avail them in another life ; and chiefly, perhaps, it was designed to excite them to benefactions in repair- ing and adorning this very church, so many in- stances of which are on record ; and to induce them to do this in their lives, instead of trusting it to the execution of their testaments by others." The Tile is about five inches and a quarter square, in superficial extent. Nash, in his account of Stanford, " Additions to History of Worces- tershire," p. 70, gives a fac-simile of one found there, which appears the same in shape and dimen- sions. " The Tile," he says, " is supposed to have belonged to the old church of Stanford. Under CHURCH. 61 the fac-simile, are the words upon a tile, on the outside of Stanford church." But Nash, else- where, says, " the tile is in the possession of Sir Edward Winnington." It cannot now be found, but there is no doubt it agreed in size with the en- graving. The present Church at Stanford, was built about fifty years ago. It is not improbable that the tile might have been brought by some person to the old church, from Malvern. If not so, it is extraordinary that a tile with the same inscription should be found in a place so distant. Nash cop- ies kepist in the fifth line, "be just;" but if the word is intended for kepist, which there seems little reason to doubt, it is to an experienced anti- quary, in a letter to the late Mr. Stanhope, who for fifty-six years filled the situation of sexton and clerk, and died at the advanced age of 86, that the removal of this obscurity is owing, and to whom the compiler is obliged for a fac-simile, through a relative of the late Mr. Stanhope. The letter is signed I. S. and dated Nov. 28, 1814, from the Crown Hotel, Malvern. After noticing the in- scription, the writer observes, " Nash, in his His- tory of Worcester, in Stanford parish, gives an en- graving of a similar tile found there, but copies kepist in the fifth line, " be just," which is decid- edly an error. The Author of " Reflections relat- ing to the Malvern Hills," mistakes the same word for gevist; but in the specimen in the aisle of your venerable church, it is most evidently and uncon- trovertibly kepist. The two words ending the sixth line are difficult to decipher ; but the first certainly begins with an s, and not with an /, as supposed by 62 CHURCH. the last quoted author. The date of the tiles about the choir is 1453, 36 Henry 6, &c. vide p. 37. It is not probable that these are more modern. In a handsome Gallery, the ornamental gothic appearance of which cannot fail to attract notice, is a good Organ, purchased by a subscription ob- tained through the exertions of the vicar, the or- ganist, and a few individuals who wished to have the assistance of that instrument in their devotions. On the front of the gallery are the arms of her late royal highness the Princess Charlotte of Wales, and those of his serene highness Prince Leopold, her husband, gratuitously painted by Mr. H. Cham- berlain, of Worcester. The pews of Earl Beauchamp, and Edward Fo- ley, Esq. are respectively ornamented in front with their armorial bearings. Over Mr. Foley's pew is an allegorical painting, representing the Law and the Gospel. This originally was part of the altar- piece, removed for the purpose of exhibiting more fully the great east window. On each side of the chancel are placed the ancient stalls of the monks ; the under parts, or sub-sella of which, exhibit various grotesque and other carvings in basso relievo. Among them are the following subjects, some of which have been rudely etched by the late John Carter, in the second volume of his « Ancient Sculpture and Painting." 1. A man on his death bed, with a priest at his head, and a doctor at his feet ; to whom he is offering bags of wealth to secure their aid. 2, A monk driving away the devil with a pair of bellows. 3, CHURCH. 63 A man with a bear, the animal sitting in an erect posture. 4, A sower of grain between two birds. 5, A reaper with a scythe. 6, A gardener holding a staff and garden-hook, with plants by his side. 7, A man with a basket of fruit on his right arm ; in his left hand he holds up a pine. 8, A man with a long stick, beating acorns from off an oak, with swine on each side of him. 9, Three rats, hanging a cat on each side an owl. 10, A male figure sus- taining a large goblet in each hand. 11, An an- gel playing on a cithern. The Altar-Piece consists of an entablature, supported by columns of the Ionic order ; in the pannels between which, the Lord's Prayer, the Creed, and the Commandments, are neatly painted. Most, if not all the Windows of this Church, were very richly embellished with painted glass, on which, numerous subjects from Scripture were represented : and likewise, the effigies of benefac- tors, with their arms on their surcoats. Though much of the glass has been destroyed, from culpa- ble neglect and wilful devastation, there is still sufficient remaining to attest it's original splendour ; but the different series of historical representations are in many instances incomplete, and only a few of the portraits now exist. In the sixteen lower compartments of the great east window, were the principal events of our Sa- viour's life and passion ; but nearly the whole has been broken : the entry into Jerusalem, however, is entire. In the upper divisions, are the twelve 64 CHURCH. apostles, and other figures. In the first window from the east on the northern side, are certain images of saints, with this inscription : Ovale pro anima domini Johannis Malverne, qui istem fenestram fieri fecit. (He was prior in 2435.) In the second window, are representations of Saints, and two Monks praying, with this inscrip- tion : Orate pro animabus Johannis West, et Thome Lye, monachis hujus loci. In the third window, are the Arms of Westmin- ster Abbey ; together with several transactions of the Monk Aldwin, relating to his procuring letters patent, for the foundation of this church, from Pope Gregory the seventh, and William the Con- queror. In the fourth window, the Crucifixion is repre- sented in three divisions : in the centre, is Jesus upon the cross ; on the right, is St. John the Evan- gelist and the Virgin Mary ; and on the left, the Centurion speaking to his soldiers. A Latin label going out of his mouth, may be translated, ** Truly the son of the all-powerful God/' In the fifth window, is a Seraph, a Cherub, and an Arch-angel. In the ninth window, is St. Peter, but greatly mutilated. In the great western window, was originally a representation of the Day of Judgment, said to have been not inferior, with respect to grandeur and boldness of design, to the paintings of Michael Angelo. The whole, however, was demolished CHURCH. 65 •■**++**•*■+* by unruly, thoughtless boys, who, while the church remained in a dilapidated state, were suffered to throw stones at the beautiful figures delineated upon the glass. This circumstance awakened the remonstrances of an honest muse, that proved in- strumental in first drawing the attention of af- fluent piety, and antiquarian taste, to the dilapi- dated state of this venerable edifice, as well as of attracting the admiration of the public in general, to the sublime and varied charms of the surround- ing scenery. The muse here alluded to, is that of Dr. Booker, who, in a poem entitled « Malvern," says, What marvel, that a scene so rich, so fair, Should admiration, e'en in royal breasts Awaken ? Admiration, that iospired Of old, for yonder venerable pile, Devotion, and munificence, and zeal, To rear those richly tinted windows, now Alas! with ivy, and with weedy moss, Obstrusive hung : some, by the gusty wind, Or striplings, thoughtless in their boyish sports, Fractur'd,and heedlessly, by hand uncouth, With ill-according workmanship repaired. Noble, neglected edifice ! that seem'st Thyself to mourn thy change ! could my complaint, In unison with thine, their feelings move, Whose elegant abodes around thee rise; Beauty with holiness, should pace thy courts, And all thy pristine honours soon revive. How lost to piety, to virtue lost, Who^ with superfluous pageantry and pomp, Deck their own mansions, and neglect their God's ! Their's — fit abodes for royal feet to tread ; While his — " the King of Kings, and Lord of Lords," Damp, fetid, loathsome — a sepulchral cave ! Under the directions of the present vicar, Dr. Card, aided by a benefaction of £50 from the late Princess Charlotte of Wales, and Prince Leopold, 66 CHURCH. her consort, this window has been again resplen- dently filled with painted glass, brought from less observable situations in other parts of the church. The principal figures are St. Lawrence, holding a gridiron, and St. George, standing upon a dragon, brandishing his lance. The others consist of Popes, Bishops, Saints, &c. In the fourth window from the east, on the southern side, are twelve scriptural subjects, com- mencing with the creation, and ending with the in- fancy of Cain, viz. 1, The Almighty forming the earth out of a chaos of confused atoms. 2, God creating the moon and the stars. 3, 4, and 5, God creating the plants, the fowls of the air, and the trees and beasts of the field. 6, God creating man out of the dust of the ground. 7, Adam in a deep sleep, and God taking a rib from his left side to create woman. 8, God leading Adam and Eve into Paradise. 9, Adam and Eve eating the for- bidden fruit. 10, Adam and Eve hiding themselves among the trees in the garden. 11, The Angel of the Lord expelling Adam and Eve from Paradise. 12, Adam tilling the ground, and Eve with Cain upon her knee. In the fifth window was the history of Noah, but the only subjects preserved, are, the Almighty ap- pearing to Noah, and commanding him to build an ark ; and Noah sending out the Dove to see if the deluge had subsided. In the sixth south window, were the stories of Abraham and Isaac, but the only events that can now be traced of them, are the following; God appearing to Abraham ; Abraham taking Sarah to CHURCH. 67 wife; Abraham putting out Hagar, the bond- woman ; Abraham journeying to Mount Moriah ; and Isaac sending Esau for venison. In the seventh window was the history of Joseph, but the only subjects now intelligible, are Joseph's dream, that the sun, moon, and stars, were making obeisance to him ; and Joseph sold by his brethren to the Midianites. The eighth window was occupied with subjects from the history of the Israelites, but not any of them are now distinguishable. The northern end of the transept opens from the chancel by a high pointed arch, having nu- merous mouldings rising from light shafts : at the sides are various compartments of handsome pan- neling. The large window in Jesus Chapel, which forms the extremity of the transept, is embellished with some elegant remains of painted glass. This beau- tiful window was perfect in the year 1720 ; but soon after, a violent storm blew it down, when sev- eral of the compartments were broken, and an ignorant glazier misplaced the pieces that were left. In the upper large compartments were repre- sented in a circle, (the traces of which may still be seen,) the Trinity, placing a crown on the head of the Virgin Mary : around them were the angelic choirs, praising God on various instruments. In one of the upper divisions to the right of the circle, is the offering of the Magi ; and on the left of it, are Adam and Eve praying, in the midst of the in- fernal spirits, with our Saviour bringing them out of hell. In other divisions were formerly, Christ 68 CHURCH. received into Heaven, and St. Michael fighting with Satan. Besides the above, were also the fig- ures of Henry the seventh, armed and crowned, (his head still remains, but was misplaced when the window was blown down.) It is now in the top of the second compartment, with part of his surcoat. There were also, Elizabeth, his Queen, the Princes Arthur, and Henry, their sons ; Sir Reginald Bray, K. g., Sir John Savage, and Thomas Lovell, Esq., all of whom were Henry's privy counsellors. The figures of Prince Henry, and Sir Reginald Bray, alone remain perfect. They were all upon their knees, praying, and under was this inscription : Orate pro bono statu nobilissimi et excellentissi- mi regis Henriei septimi et Elizabeths regince ac domini Arthur i ' principis filli corundem, nee non predilect, issime consortis sue et suorum trium militum. Prince Henry is represented under a canopy of state, richly ornamented with flowing drapery, di- versly embroidered. He his kneeling upon two cushions, tasselled, placed upon a ground of small squares, chequered black and yellow. Before him, upon a desk or table, covered with tapestry, is an open book, upon a cushion, fringed and tasselled : upon the book lies a sceptre. He wears a shirt of mail, but is otherwise in complete plate armour, except an helmit. Upon the breast of his surcoat, are the arms of France and England, quartered ; and the same arms are on his right shoulder : round his neck is a file of three points, argent. Upon his head is an open coronet, whence his hair descends in long ringlets. The scabbard of his sword is CHURCH. 69 much ornamented. The spurs are very long, but the points of the rowels are short. The canopy is surrounded by angels, sounding musical instru- ments, as sackbuts, bagpipes, and citherns, played on by a small stick. Sir Reginald Bray is kneeling on a crimson cushion, under a very rich gothic ca- nopy or tabernacle, within a niche : the latter is variously ornamented in compartments of a screen- like appearance ; blue, yellow, and crimson. He is in plate armour, and a shirt of mail, but without his helmet. His sword has a richly wrought scab- bard, but it is not so long as that of Prince Henry, The rowels of his spurs have long points. Before him, on a desk and cushion, fringed and tasselled, is an open book ; the cushion is embroidered with his name in Latin. Upon the breast and shoulder of his surcoat, are his arms, bearing in a shield ar- gent, a chevron, between three eagles erased sable. At his back is a richly wrought shrine, or reliqua- ry. Each of the above paintings is three feet two inches in height ; they were engraved by Strutt, for his " Manners, Customs," &c. ; but that of Prince Henry, is erroneously called Henry the seventh. They have been engraved also by the late John Carter, who made drawings of them upon the spot, in the year 1788. His engravings, coloured like the originals, were published in the second volume of his << Ancient Sculpture and Painting." The Salutation, the Nativity, the marriage of Canaan, and Christ sitting among the doctors in the temple, are in this window. The western window of this chapel, which con- sists of nine divisions, contains some fine paintings. 70 CHURCH. They are most of them entire, of which, the follow- ing are the subjects ; the salutation of Elizabeth ; the visitation of the Angel to Mary; the nativity; the presentation in the Temple ; the blind restored to sight ; the marriage of Joachim and Ann ; the resurrection of Lazarus; the multitude following our Saviour ; and the last supper. In the vicar's chapel, at the eastern end of the northern aisle, is a small window, elegantly filled up with painted and stained glass; upon which is depicted the arms of forty-six benefactors to the recent repairs of the church. J, HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE LEOPOLD, 2, MARQUISE CAMDEN. 3, THE LORD BISHOP OF WORCESTER. 4, EDWARD FOLEY, ESQ. 5, T. C. Hornyhold, Esq., ( 26, Rt. Hon. S. Perceval, 6, J. A. Bund, Esq., 7, Mrs. Plumer, 8, F. W. Campbell, Esq., 9, Earl Beauehamp, 10, Hon. Mrs. James Yorke, I 31, Dr. Graves, 11, Sir Jonathan Cope, I 32, Mrs. Waldo. 27, Lord Kenyon, 28, Lord Sidmouth, 29, J. Cocks, Esq., 30, Lord Colchester, 12, Admiral West, 13, Lady Bolton, 14, Lady Lyttelton, 15, Lord Bristol, 16, Sir Anthony Lechemere, 17, ViscountDudley&Ward, 18, Hon. B. Bouverie, 19, Lord Hardwicke, 20, Lord Harcourt, 21, Lord Arden, 22, Lord Lyttelton, 23, Miss Dandridge, 24, Lord D. Dunstanville, 25, Rt.Hon.N.Vansittart, 33, Lord Foley, 34, Wm. Wall, Esq., 35, Sir C. Anderson, 36, C. A. Holl, Esq. 37, Dr. Arnold, 38, Winchc. Hartley, Esq. 39, Dr. Hardwick, 40, Sir T. Winnington, 41, Lord Bathurst, 42, Lord Coventr}', 43, J. Phillips, 44, — Wood, Esq., 45, Lord Eardley, 46, Hon. E. Cust. Wzndew C07ilaznz7ig 2&e Arr/u. CHURCH. 71 The following inscription is below the window. Stranger, thou beholdest here the armorial bearings of those who chiefly aided the vicar, Henry Card, in restoring the interior of this venerable fabrick; and having done this pious deed, they further consented to his wishes of placing their arms in this window, as commemorative of it. A. D. 1820. On each side of the window, under Mr. Hailing and Mr. Montgomery's monuments, is a Projec- tion, which appears to have held statues. In the centre, is a book-stand, with two books; one is entitled, " A Companion to the Temple, or a Help to Devotion in the Use of the Common-prayer," dedicated to his sacred majesty King William: the title-page of the other is lost, but it treats on Infant Baptism ; of agreeing with the church of Rome, kneeling at the Sacrament, &c. Both are chained to an ancient desk, according to the request of the unknown donor, as appears written upon the blank before the title-page of one of the books, of which, the following is an exact copy. " Rev. Sir, I am ordered, by a person whose name I am obliged to conceal, to direct Dr. Combier's works to you, for the use of the parishioners of Great Malvern. You are desired to take care the church-wardens chain it in a convenient part of the church, free from raine and all abuse. The donour desires it may never be taken or lent out of the church, or used in any private house for ever ; and that this his desire, may not be forgotten, it is thought necessary, either that this letter be trans- 12 CHURCH. cribed verbatim into the blank paper, before the title of the book, or deposited in the church coffer, for a direction to all succeeding ministers and church-wardens. When all things are done ac- cording to those directions, pray certify it me in a line or two. I am, rev. sir, your very humble servant, Oxford, Sep 3,1701. HENRY CLEMENTS." On the right hand side, is a Font, or receptacle for holy water. Amongthe remarkable Monuments in this struc- ture, those in Jesus Chapel, at the northern end of the transept, claim the greatest attention. The floor of this chapel is formed of curiously inscribed tiles, on many of them are the armorial bearings of divers benefactors : viz. Bohun, Earl of North- ampton ; Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick ; Morti- mer, Earl of March ; Clare, Earl of Gloucester ; and Beauchamp, of Powick. According to Nash, the date of some of these tiles is 1463 ; others in the 36th year of the reign of Henry the sixth. In a recess, at the northern end of the chapel, is a Monument of unquestionable antiquity ; it is a mutilated statue of a knight. It was removed to this spot from the southern aisle, at the commence- ment of the repairs : it is supposed to represent Walter Corbet, templar. Carter, who states that no similar figure had ever fallen under his obser- vation, describes it as being arrayed in mail ar- mour, of the Conqueror's time, having a long sur- CHURCH. 73 coat, over it. The right hand is armed with a bat- tle-axe ; the left holds a circular shield, or target, and from under it hangs a sword. The feet have been broken off above the ankles. In another re- cess, is an inscribed stone, of a coffin-like form, in memory of TValcher^ who succeeded Aldwin in the government of this priory : it was dug up in May 1711, in the Priory garden, near the church wall, where the cloisters stood. The inscription is in monkish rhyme, as follows : PHILOSOPHVS DIGNVS BONVS ASTROLOGVS, LOTHERINGVS T VIR PIVS AC HVMILIS, MONACHVS, PRIOR HVIVS OVILIS, HIC JACET IN CISTA, GEOMETRICVS AC ABACISTA, DOCTOR WALCHERVS; FLET, PLEBS, DOLET VNDQIVE CLERVS ; HVIC LVX PRIMA MORI DEDIT OCTOBRIS SENIORI; VIVAT VT IN CGEL.IS EXORET QVIS QVE FIDELIS. MCXXXV. Thus translated; In this tomb lies the body of Doctor Walcher, a native of the dukedom of Lor- rain, and prior of this convent, he was an acute philosopher, an able astrologer, a geometrician and mathematician ; a pious christian and a humble monk. His death is universally regretted, both by the clergy and laity. He died the first of Oct. in the year of our Lord 1 135. Let every faithful christian earnestly pray, that his soul may live in heaven. Upon the north-western wall is a white marble slab, with the following inscription, IN THE VAULT BENEATH ARE DEPOSITED THE REMAINS OP WILLIAM FRANKLAND, ESQ., SECOND SON OF ADMIRAL SIR THOMAS FRANKLAND, BARONET, OF THIRKBY, IN THE COUNTY OF YORKE. HE REPRESENTED THE BOROUGH OF THIRSK, 6 74 CHURCH. IN FOUR PARLIAMENTS, WAS LIEUTENANT COLONEL OF THE NORTH YORKE REGIMENT OF MILITIA r A FELLOW OF ALL SOUL'S COLLEGE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD ; HIS MAJESTY'S ATTORNEY GENERAL, IN THE ISLE OF MAN; AND SOME TIME ONE OF THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF THE ADMIRALTY. NIHIL TETIGIT QUOD NON ORNAVITE. BORN 1761. DIED 1816. A short distance from Watcher's tomb, in the floor, is a brass plate, with this inscription, HERE LIETH THE BODY OF MARIA GIFFARD WILLIAMS, LATE OF MOAT-COURT IN THIS PARISH, WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE MARCH 35, 1785, AGED 2 YEARS. Now cease afflicted friends your loss to mourn, And think me happy tho' I can't return. In the transept opposite Jesus Chapel, is an el- egant monument to the memory of Mrs. Bathurst, wife of the Lord Bishop of Norwich with this in- scription : H: E: S: Quod Mori Potuit, Gratise Bathurst, Uxoris Dilectissima^ Henrici Bathurst D: C: L: Episcopi Norvicensis, Cui Peperit, Octo Filios, Et Tres Filias; Et cum Quo, Concordissime Vixit, Quadraginta, Et Tres annos, Grate Memor, Tarn Perjucundse Consuetudinis, Monumentum Hoc, Conjugi Mortuae Superstes Maritus, Extrui Curavit Et Ipse, Vita Functus, Cineres suos Requiescere, exoptat. CHURCH. 75 Juxta Cineres Optimse De se M eritae Uxoris. Cujus Inter Multas, et Raras virtutes, Maxime Enituerunt, Erga Maritum, Amor Immutabilis; Erga Liberos Tenera, Et Mitis Indulgentia, Et Indefessa, Dum Manebat Vita, Solicitudo Erga Amicos, Ex Animo Amieitia; Erga Pauperes, Effusa Liberalitas ; Erga Omnes, Comitas Et Benevolentia. Accessit His Virtutibus, Erga Deum, Pia Reverentia, Qua, Non Leviter Imbuta Mens Ejus, Diutina Morbi Dolore, Infracta, Usque ad Mortem Permansit. Obiit Aprilis XIV, A: D: mdcccxxiii: iEtatis lxvii. In passing up the northern aisle to the vicar's chapel, upon a pillar, is a mural slab, surmounted by the sacramental cup and cloth, inscribed, SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF MISS GRACE COLT, ONLY DAUGHTER OF ROBERT COLT, ESQ. OF AULDBORN, EAST LOTHIAN. DIED 37 AUGUST, 1802, AGED 31. His cheerful watch some guardian angel keeps, Around the tomb where youth and virtue lie, Mourn then no more, her spirit only sleeps, Such worth, such genuine worth, can never die. In the vicar's chapel, on the left side, is a mural monument, TO THE MEMORY OF WILLIAM HALLINGS, M. A. RECTOR OF EVESHAM, IN THE COUNTY OF HEREFORD ; 76 CHURCH. ALSO, PENELOPE, HIS WIFE, ONE OF THE DAUGHTERS OF FRANCIS WOODHOUSE, OF LARPORT, IN THE COUNTY AFORESAID, GENT. HE DIED MAY 23, AGED 56. A short distance below, is a neat white marble monument, to the memory of John Card, Esq. fa- ther of the present vicar ; a gentleman whose name will long be remembered in Malvern, not only for the zeal, activity and kindness, with which he pro- moted every plan, that had for it's object the bene- fit and improvement of the village at large, but also for the taste and skill he displayed in suggesting to his son, the vicar, those alterations in the church, which have excited the praise and admiration of the visitors. The writer of this work, has a mournful pleasure in paying this humble tribute of gratitude for kindnesses, which can never be forgotten. NEAR TO THIS SPOT, ARE DEPOSITED, THE REMAINS OF JOHN CARD, ESQUIRE, WHO AFTER SOME YEARS' RESIDENCE IN THIS PARISH, DIED MARCH 13TH, 1820, AGED 62. A SINCERE CHRISTIAN ; AN INDULGENT HUSBAND ; AN AFFECTIONATE FATHER ; A MAN OF JUST AND GENEROUS PRINCIPLES, BY WHICH THE ACTIONS OF HIS LIFE WERE UNIFORMLY GUIDED, TO HIS HONOURED MEMORY, THIS HUMBLE TRIBUTE, OF AFFECTION AND RESPECT, IS INSCRIBED, BY TWO YOUNG FRIENDS, CHURCH. 77 WHO HAVING PASSED ELEVEN YEARS UNDER THE SAME ROOF WITH HIM, WILL LONG REMEMBER THOSE VIRTUES AND EXCELLENCIES, WHICH CAUSED HIM TO BE EQUALLY BELOVED, BY THE YOUNG, AND BY THE OLD, AND RESPECTED BY THE RICH AND BY THE POOR? On the right side of the elegant window in this -chapel, upon a modern marble slab, surmounted with armorial bearings, is the following inscription ; IN AN ADJOINING VAULT, LIE THE REMAINS OF ALEXANDER MONTGOMERIE, ESQ., OF ANNICK LODGE, IN THE COUNTY OF AYRE, WHO DIED, JULY THE 8TH, 1S02, AGED 57 YEARS ; HE WAS THE SECOND SON OF THE LATE ALEXANDER MONTGOMERIE, ESQ., OF THE SAME COUNTY, AND BROTHER TO THE EARL OF EGLINGTON; HE MARRIED ELIZABETH TAYLOR, DAUGHTER OF JOHN TAYLOR, ESQ., IN THE COUNTY OF WESTMORELAND, WHOM, WITH NINE CHILDREN, HE HAS LEFT TO LAMENT HIS LOSS, AND TO MOURN OVER THE MEMORY OF HIS DEPARTED VIRTUES ; TO COMMEMORATE WHICH, AND AS A SOLEMN BUT INADEQUATE MEMORIAL, OF HER TENDERNESS AND CONCERN, HIS SURVIVING WIDOW ERECTS THIS MONUMENT. BLESSED IS THE MEMORY OF THE JUST. A little distance beneath, is a plain white marble monument, over which their escutcheons are plac- ed, with this inscription : NEAR THIS SPOT ARE DEPOSITED THE REMAINS OF ANNA BELLA COPE, WIFE OF SIR JONATHAN COPE, BART. OF PINCK.NEY MORETON, IN NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 78 CHURCH, SHE FEARED GOD, NOT DEATH, NONE EVER DEPARTED THIS LIFE, WHO STOOD LESS IN NEED OF POSTHUMOUS PRAISE; SHE HAD THOSE REAL VIRTUES AND GENUINE AFFECTIONS OF A CHRISTIAN, "WHICH ENSURE THE REGARD, AND DESERVE THE IMITATION OF SURVIVING FRIENDS. SHE DIED AUGUST 30TH, 1819, AGED 56» AND ALSO, THE REMAINS OF THE SAID SIR JONATHAN COPE, WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE, DEC. XXX. MDCCCXXII. The death of this excellent lady, like that of Mr. Card, to which we have just alluded, may be con- sidered as a public loss to the village of Malvern. But as the writer is not equal to praise her many and great virtues, the attempt will not be made. On each side of the window, under Mr. Hailing and Mr. Montgomerie's monuments, are two pro- jections, which appear to have held statues. On the eastern wall, is a monument in memory of one of the Dandridge family, on which is this in- scription : IN A VAULT ADJOINING THIS SPOT, LIE THE REMAINS OF CATHERINE YARNOLD, THIRD DAUGHTER OF JOHN DANDRIDGE, ESQ, OF BALDWIN'S GREEN, IN THIS PARISH, FIRST MARRIED TO WILLIAM BUND, ESQ, OF WICK, IN THE COUNTY OF WORCESTER, AFTERWARDS TO WILLIAM YARNOLD, ESQ, LATE OF MONMOUTH. SHE DIED AT CHELTENHAM, 27TH SEPTEMBER, A. D. 1800, AGED 60. CHURCH. 79 In the door-way which formerly lead to the cha- pel consecrated to the Virgin Mary, is a mural marble slab, SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF MRS. SUSANNAH PLUMER, MANY YEARS A MUCH RESPECTED INHABITANT OF GREAT MALVERN ; RELICT OF FRANCIS PLUMER, ESQ, OF TWECKENHAM, IN THE COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. SHE DIED NOV. 21, 1823, AGED 85 YEARS. In silence rest her unambitious tomb, She needs no fame, sepulchral praise is breath ; Affection drops it's tribute in their room, And her own conscience twines the immortal wreath. Under the Communion-Table is a flat stone, bearing this inscription : Hicjacet Maria uxor Gulielmi Ligon de Ma~ dresfield, armigeri, filia, Francisci, Egiocke de Egiocke militis, et coh&res fratris . Ohiit decimo Novembris 1688, cetaiis suce 59. At the bottom of the stone are these verses. — Stay passenger, and from this dusty urn, Both what I was, and what thou must be, learn ; Grace, virtue, beauty had no privilege, That everlasting statute to abridge, That all must die : then, gentle friend, with care In life, for death and happiness prepare. Flebilis hoc posuit thalami consors Mortuus est Januarii 29, 1680. JEtatis sexagesimo octavo. On the southern side of the choir upon a curious alabaster tomb, is the figure of John Knotsford, esq. armed, except his head and hands. Beside him lies 80 CHURCH. his wife. At their feet upon a mural tablet is this inscription : HERE LYETH THE BODY OF JOHN KNOTSFORD ESQ. SERVANT TO KING HENRY THE VIII AND JANE HIS WIFE, DAUGHTER TO SIR RICHARD KNIGHTLY, KNIGHT, WHO BEING FIRST MAR- RIED, TO MR. WM. LVMLEY, HAD ISSUE, JOHN LORD LVMLEY, AND BY JOHN KNOTSFORD, HAD ISSUE V DAUGHTERS AND COHEYRS. HE DYED IN THE YEARE 1589, NOVEMBER 23. Over this inscription are his arms: Sable on a cross engrailed argent, an annulet of the field impaling ; or two pallettes gules. On the right side of the tomb, his daughters, Mary, the wife of Thomas Price, of Manaty, Esq. and Eleanor, wife of John Campion, Esq. on the left, Elizabeth, married to William Ridgley, of Ridgley, Esq. behind her Fran- cis, married to Thomas Kirle, of Marcle, Esq. At her parents' head, kneels to a book on a pillar, Anne their eldest daughter, who erected the monument, and was married to William Savage. On the northern side of the communion-table, is a flat stone with this inscription round it: HERE LYETH THE BO DYE OF PENELOPE, THE WIFE OF ROBERT WALWEYN, OF NEWLAND, GENTLEMAN, THE DAUGHTER OF RICHARD LIGON, OF MADERSFYELDE, ESQUIRE ; THE SONNE OF WILLIAM LIGON, ESQUIRE, SON OF SIR RICHARD LIGON, KNIGHT, SON OF THOMAS LIGON, ESQUIRE, AND ANNE, HIS WIFE, ONE OF THE DAUGHTERS OF THE LORDE BEAWCHAMPE. HES MOTHER WAS MARYE,THE DAUGHTER OF SIR THOMAS RUS- SAL STRENSHAME, KNIGHT ; OBIIT 13 JANUARIE, 1596. This stone, formerly covered a raised monument, which stood where the communion table now is. The handsome pew belonging to sir Anthony Leche- mere, of the Rhydd, partly rests upon it. A short distance from this, is the pew of the late John Sur- CHURCH. 81 man, esq. of the Lodge. Each of these pews is handsomely lined with crimson cloth. Returning down the nave, on the northern side, are three marble monuments. Upon two of them, are in- scriptions to the Sneldon family. The third is in- scribed to the memory of Sarah Francis Abbot, wife of the late Dr. Abbot. Under the organ gallery, upon a flat stone, is this inscription : — HERE LYETH THE BODY OF ELIZABETH BAYLIS, WIFE OF JOSEPH BAYLIS OF THIS PARISH, YEOMAN. SHE DEPARTED THIS LIFE THE SEVENTH OF FEBRUARY, ANNO DOM. 1728, AGED 63. ALSO IN MEMORY OF CATHARINE THEIR DAUGHTER, WHO DIED THE FOURTH OF JUNE, ANNO DOM. 1689, AGED TWO MONTHS. ALSO UPON THE LEFT HAND, LIETH THE BODY OF THE ABOVESAID JOSEPH BAYLIS, WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE JANUARY 30TH, ANNO DOM. 1741, AGED 77 YEARS. They were so one, that none could truly say Which of them ruled, or whether did obey ; He ruled, because she would obey, and she, In so obeying, ruled as well as he. On the northern wall is a white marble monu- ment, on which is the following inscription : NEAR THIS SPOT ARE LAID THE MORTAL REMAINS OF HARRIET HOLLAND, WHO DIED AT MALVERN WELLS, AUGUST 21, 1814. SHE WAS DAUGHTER OF HENRY HOLLAND, ESQ.; A NAME RENDERED EMINENT BY HIS SKILL AND GENIUS IN THE PROFESSION OF ARCHITECTURE. 82 CHURCH. FROM THE SUFFERINGS OF DISEASE ENDURED WITHOUT A COMPLAINT; FROM THE PAINFUL SYMPATHIES OF AN AFFECTIONATE HEART; FROM UNREMITTING LABOUR, IN THE RELIEF OF EVERY WANT BUT HER OWN; SHE WAS CALLED TO HER REST AT THE EARLY AGE OF 36. A little further, upon a mural slab, surmounted by a pyramid, upon which are two urns, with ar- morial bearings, is a monument, on which is in- scribed — SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF RICHARD BENBOW, OF THIS PARISH, GENT. WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE, DEC. 19TH, 1813, AGED 73 YEARS. ALSO NANCY, WIFE OF THE ABOVE RICHARD BENBOW, WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE, DEC. 23d, 1813, AGED 71 YEARS. In the chancel and other parts of the church, are many flatstones, containing the records of mortality. Death's terror, is the mountain faith removes, 'T is faith disarms destruction, Believe, and look with triumph on the tomb. YOUNG. In the southern aisle, we find nothing particularly striking, except an enriched Circular Arch, res- pecting which the opinion of writers differ: one calls it a confessional ; another thinks it once held a tomb; it remains, therefore, a subject for con- jecture, and is worth the attention of the antiquary. CHURCH. 83 In the transept, are two tablets, with these in- scriptions. EAST SIDE. A GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE FUND, raised from the Year 1814, to 1818, and expended in the Pavement of the Aisle, the Erection of new Pews of Free-sittings for the Poor, and the circular Arches ; in ornamenting the Pulpit, the Communion-table, the Front of the Organ-Gallery, and enlarging the Organ ; in filling the W. and N.-E. Windows with painted Glass, and fitting up the Monks' Stalls. BENEFACTORS. Edward Thomas Foley, Esq Earl Hardwick, Hon. Mr. Perceval, Hon. Mrs. James Yorke, Right Hon. Lady Lyttelton, . Right Hon. Lady Bolton, Mrs. Waldo, " , Mrs. Williams, second donation, Hon. Mrs. Yorke, Rev. William Willis, Lord Dunstanaville, ^ Dowager Lady Brownlow, Hon. and Rev. H. Cust, James Cox, Esq. M. P t ... Rev. Dr. Evans, Archdeacon, second donation, Earl of Bristol, Wm. Wall, Esq. second donation, John Taylor, Esq , Temple West, Esq. second donation, Sermon by the Rev. Henry Card, Rev. Dr. Abbot, deceased, Countess Harcourt, £. s. d. ... 300 ... 31 10 ... 30 ... 30 ... 21 ... 100 ... 50 ... 10 ... 5 ... 6 5 ... 20 ... 5 5 .. 10 10 ... 10 10 .... 5 5 ... 70 ... 20 ... 5 5 ... 36 ... 37 ... 5 5 ... 12 84 CHURCH, Right Hon. Viscount Dudley and Ward, 2d. donation, Right Hon. N. Vansittart, Brief and Interest, ... Viscount Sidmouth, Lord Arden, ... Lord Eardly, Earl Bathurst, Winchcombe Henry Hartley, Esq Hon. B. Bouverie, Hon. James Cocks, M. P. second donation, Earl Beauchamp, ... ... Sir Henry Carr, K. C. B Two Sermons, by the Rev. Wm. Tilt, Sir Thomas Winnington, Bart., Lord Colchester, Joseph Yorke, Esq., .-. ... James Wood, Esq., Lord Kenyon, Joshua Watson, Esq ... Rev. Dr. Hardwick, Marquese Camden, Hon. Mrs. James York, James Taylor, Esq., ... John Richards, Esq., Holland Griffiths, Esq., Henry Clifton, Esq., Chasse Holl, Esq , , Rev. James Grimshaw, The Bishop of London, Pews, Parish Levy, Small donations, Princess Charlotte of Wales and the Prince Leopold, ... 10 50 9 19 10 TO 5 5 10 20 5 5 5 60 10 48 14 5 5 10 5 5 5 5 20 5 70 JO 5 5 5 5 5 10 5 5 225 90 40 50 <£1672 6 Wishing to perpetuate the meritorious exertions of their vicar (the Rev. Henry Card), the church- CHURCH. 85 wardens, at the request of the parishioners, subjoin the following statement, that out of the sixteen hun- dred and seventy-two pounds, six shillings, twelve hundred and fifty-six pounds and six shillings have been raised by the individual zeal and influence of the Rev. Henry Card, and the whole of the repairs begun and finished under his personal direction. James Hartwright,} . ^ io\(\ Samuel DeyJies,! . n ,„,„ Robert Richards, 5 ' John Blake, $ Church-wardens. ON THE WEST SIDE. A GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE FUNDS raised from the Year 1809, to 1814, FOR THE REPAIRS OF The Roof, Ceiling, Eastern and Northern Windows of Great Malvern Abbey Church. BENEFACTORS. £. s. d. The Hon. Edward Foley, M. P. deceased, 100 The Right Hon. Lord Beauchamp, deceased, 52 10 Sir Anthony Lechemere, 50 The Lord Bishop of Worcester, deceased, .... 50 Richard Morgan Graves, D. D. Vicar, deceased, 30 Miss Graves, 5 Mrs. Wall, 5 Dean and Chapter of Worcester, 10 10 James Henry Arnold, L. L. D. Chancellor, .... 10 Thomas Evans, D. D. Archdeacon, deceased, .... 5 5 Rev. William Calcott, deceased, 5 5 Rev. Reginald Pyndar, 5 5 Martin Wall, Esq., 5 5 Mrs. Plumer, 21 Miss Dandridge, 15 15 Rev. Martin Stafford Smith, , 10 10 Sir Charles Withers, Knight, deceased, 10 10 Richard Bourne Chartlett, Esq., 5 5 William Wall, Esq., 5 5 Rev. William Probyn, 55 q Thomas Hornyhold, Esq. deceased, 10 10 86 CHURCH. //«/ ••* *■** s ./•*+* Lowbridge Bright, Esq., deceased, 21 George Palmer, Esq., 5 5 q Treadway Nash, D. D 5 5 Benjamin Johnstone, Esq., 5 5 q Thomas Bund, Esq. , 5 5 Rev. Richard Harrington, deceased, 5 5 Mr. James Oliver, deceased, 5 5 Mr. Joseph Williams, 5 5 Rev. Allen Cliffe, 5 5 Mr. Richard Benbow, deceased, 5 5 Mr. Bellers, 5 5 Mr. George Roberts, deceased, •••• 5 5 Mr. William Bullock, 5 5 Right Hon. Viscount Dudley and Ward, 50 Mary, Countess of Harcourt, 10 Mrs. Williams, „ 10 Mr. John Mason, 5 5 Right Hon. Lord Eardley, 50 Mrs. Bridges, 10 10 James Laird, Esq., deceased, 20 George Nash, Esq., 5 5 Thomas Phillips, Esq., 30 Cossle Sanders, Esq., 20 Temple West, Esq., 5 5 Right Hon. the Earl of Coventry, deceased, 52 10 The Lord Bishop of Worcester, 50 Lady Hart, 5 5 Rev. James Bosquet, 5 5 Right Hon. Lord Foley, 50 Right Hon. Lord Lyttelton, SI 10 Charles Dowding, Esq., 5 5 Earl Harcourt, 10 10 William Danby, Esq., 10 Walwyn Graves, Esq., deceased, 10 10 Mrs. Graves, 5 5 James Dallaway, Esq., 5 Sir Charles Talbot, deceased, 10 Small donations, 46 1 £1016 11 87 MALVERN LIBRARY AND READING-ROOM. The idea of an institution of this description o- riginated with Mr. Samuel Deykes, a much res- pected and old inhabitant, to whom Malvern is in- debted for many of it's walks, &c. ; who formed an infant library, which was continued on an enlarged scale, by Mr. Southall, the organist, by whose assi- duity and exertions it assumed respectability, and became permanent. Still, as a public room, it fell far short of that capaciousness and elegance, which are necessary to a place much resorted to by persons of rank ; a place professedly designed to afford rational amusement and to entertain the polite and fashionable, at those times when the inclemency of the weather restricts or wholly prevents, both pedestrian and equestrian amusements. This in- convenience was strongly felt and acknowledged. On it's being represented, therefore, to Edward Foley, Esq. lord of the manor of Great Malvern (a gentleman possessed of very considerable prop- erty in the village and neighbourhood, and whose liberality of disposition, has always been conspicu- ous,) he determined upon erecting a building in a character commensurate with the object in view, and suited to the rising importance of Great Malvern, and the increasing estimation in which it is de- 88 LIBRARY. servedly held. The spot selected, was that part of the village which most particularly required improvement ; and although circumstances, which could not be controlled, interfered to prevent the execution of all that could be wished, yet that which is done is a great improvement, and can be properly appreciated only by those to whom it's an- tecedent state was known. It must be confessed that much of an auxiliary nature upon the opposite side of the way, remains to be done, in order to dis- play the building with suitable effect, and to ren- der complete the improvement, of what may be considered the entrance to Great Malvern. The ancient Abbey-Church of this place, has long been justly celebrated for the richness and magnificence of it's gothic architecture. The site selected for the Library, being within a short distance of the church, the choice of style for the intended building became a matter of some importance ; and while the emulation of the architect was excited, probably the idea of rivaling the florid beauty of that ancient and sacred structure, occurred as a bold, if not dar- ing attempt. It is however certain, that the most admired specimens of the gothic style, were the work of a comparatively barbarous race, when knowledge was confined almost exclusively to ec- clesiastics ; while the Greeks were a most civilized and learned people. It appeared, therefore, on ma- ture reflection, that the Grecian style was incom- parably the most appropriate for the purpose ; it was consequently adopted, and the Library and adjoin- ing private house, present a structure, simply ele- LIRRARY. 89 gant yet dignified, forming a striking feature in the picturesque and beautiful scenery of Great Malvern . Approaching the village from Hereford, and at the base of the Worcestershire beacon, the south- ern end of the building appears in grand and elegant perspective ; projecting from it, is a semicircular colonnade, enriched by a balustrade, highly finish- ed, which commands a fine view of the tranquil, undisturbed and almost boundless vale beneath, teeming with fertility, while the abrupt and tower- ing height of the hills, excite our admiration at the unlimited varieties of nature, which here present themselves, and the tout ensemble affords a most enchanting coup d' oeil. The building adds very much to the respectability of Great Malvern, and has proved perfectly satisfactory to the proprietor, Mr. Foley, whose munificence first brought into professional notice, in this part of the country, Mr. John Deykes, of London, the architect, to whom Great Malvern owes, whatever of gran- deur or ornament the building has contributed ; nor do we doubt that Mr. Southall, the occupier, will receive both encouragement and support. From the southern and western fronts, you enter the Reading-Room, fifty feet in length, which is supplied with newspapers, periodical publications, and the most esteemed authors of the day. The Library is of the denomination called Cir- culating, and the numerous volumes are well ar- ranged in the anti-room. They consist of the most popular works, such as are particularly calculated to meet the demands of the public. The classes 7 90 LIBRARY, are varied to suit different tastes of readers, but each work is the best of it's kind. In another anti-room, Mrs. Soulhall supplies, in the first excellence of quality, Perfumery, Station- ery, Toys, and the various fashionable requisites, as at the libraries of Worthing, Brighton, Chelten- ham, &c. &c. Mr. Southall, also keeps, for the accomodation of the visiters, a good assortment of fine toned, grand, horizontal and small square Piano-Fortes, by Broadwood, Tomkinson, Clementi, La Motte, and other superior makers, which may be purchas- ed, or hired by the week or month, at a reasonable price. He has a great variety of printed music, by the most approved composers. In the reading-room, may be seen a book, with the names of the visiters of Malvern, for the last four years. Letters may be addressed to the library, (if post paid) for information respecting lodgings, which will be immediately attended to and duly answered. The residence over the library is appropriated to boarding and lodging, and every attention is paid to the comfort and wishes of the visiters. The rooms combine elegance with convenience; and, in general accommodation, nothing will be found wanting to cause the company to feel at home. 91 MALVERN BATHS, Hitherto Malvern had been deficient in the very necessary and pleasurable recreation of Bath- ing, a circumstance the more extraordinary, as the village has for many years been justly cel- ebrated for the efficacy and purity of it's waters. Without presuming to expatiate on the advantages of bathing, it is certain that, whether with that first of all considerations, the preservation or restora- tion of health in view, or simply as a practice of recreation and pleasure, Bathing has been resort- ed to in all ages, and in all countries. We know not to what circumstance it is to be ascribed, that Malvern had in this respect, been wholly unpro- vided ; nor whether the completion of the Library, led to the consideration of this no less requisite con- comitant of a fashionable Spa ; nor whether the idea originated with our highly respected Lord of the Manor, Edward Foley> Esq. whose benefi- cence is unbounded, and at whose expense the Baths were erected ; we presume, however, that it did, as from the professional taste of Mr. Deykes, of London, his architect, and under his superinten- dance, Malvern can now offer a new feature of at- traction to it's visitants. The elevation of the Baths is upon a line with the Library, and consists simply of three entrances, sur- mounted by an enriched entablature and balus- 92 BATHS. trade. The centre, as the prominent character of the elevation, consists of a colonnade entrance to the pump-room, which is completely circular, with a dome ceiling, and communicates with the corri- dor leading to the baths. Such is the general char- acter of the building, which altho' abounding with every convenience, is yet on a scale of petit ele- gance, peculiarly suitable to the very limited site which could be allotted to it's elevation. It is therefore rather more florid in architecture, than the Library. The Warm Baths are commodious and elegant, as are the anti-rooms to each ; besides which, there is a Cold Plunging-Bath ; and also a very excellent Shower-Bath. Mr. Williams, the proprietor, and his wife, are indefatigable in their endeavours to promote the comfort of those ladies and gentlemen who honour them with their favours. Over the Baths is an elegant Billiard- Room, with a very handsome table by Thirston. Oh ! hither come, the bracing air to breathe, The hallow'd lymph to drink, or lave thy frame, Nature reviving, in the crystal spring. LETTERS ON MALVERN. We find that Mr. Deykes has suggested a new feature of elegant and comprehensive beauty, which, when executed, will combine essential ad- vantages and conveniences to Malvern. We will attempt a description. The prettiest part of Mal- vern is perhaps the line above the church, where the Belle Vue Hotel is situated. It may almost be cal- led a terrace. Proceeding thence, along the road to Hereford, there is a very considerable curve to the right, and the road afterwards assumes a con- BATHS. 93 vex form round the base of the hills. To return thence to Malvern, at this point, the Library may- be seen, but is lost sight of, on continuing along the road. The suggestion is, to erect a rough par- apet wall at certain given points, to fill up the chasm from the hills, level with the present road, by which a most enchanting line of straight and level car- riage-drive would be made, directly into Malvern, and the curve in which the road now runs, might be appropriated to villas or to a crescent. The situ- ation would be exquisite, and, as a promenade and drive, it would be unequalled, both in respect to it's altitude and command of scenery. To persons acquainted with Windsor-Terrace, the idea will be at once familiar. 94 HOTELS AT GREAT MALVERN. CROWN HOTEL. The Crown, being the oldest hotel, we notice it first. It was originally a school, kept by Mr. George Roberts, who, about the year 1796, opened it as an hotel. Before that time, the company who visited Malvern, were accommodated at the Ab- bey-House, with board and lodgings, or at the neighbouring farm-houses. When in the posses- sion of Mr. Beard, he attached part of the Belle Vue to it, which was used as a coffee and sub- scription newspaper-room. The house has under- gone many alterations, which renders it weir cal- culated for the reception of company. It is now in the occupation of Mr. Morrison. From the gar- dens of this house, you may ascend the hill to St. Ann's Well. THE BELLE VUE HOTEL. Mr. Beard is the proprietor of this handsome house ; it is situated in the centre of the village, next to the Crown, and comprises various suits of airy and commodious apartments, genteelly fitted up for the reception of visiters. It commands a HOTELS. 95 most extensive and beautiful view of the country, and that delightful Walk called St. Edith's, is in the front of it. This hotel is but a short distance from Foley-Terrace and St. Ann's Well. THE FOLEY ARMS. This very spacious hotel, which abounds with every comfort, as well as every elegance, was built in the year 1810, from a plan drawn by Mr. Sam- uel Deykes ; but the influx of company, which resorted to it, required more rooms, and Mr. Downs, the proprietor and occupier, added two wings to the building. The apartments are com- modiously fitted up, in a style appropriated to the dignity of those who visit the house. The front commands a grand view of the Worcestershire Bea- con and North Hill, and the back an extensive and delightful prospect, over a beautiful and varie- gated country. At these hotels, families are boarded in private apartments, on moderate terms. The company who honour them with their presence, will find great civility and attention ; with excellent sta- bling for horses at livery, commodious coach- houses, and able post-horses. THE ABBEY HOUSE, kept by Mrs. Richards, and her son, Mr. R. Rich- ards, is comfortably fitted for the reception of vis- iters as boarders. It was erected upon the ruins of the Priory. Near it are some of the remains before 96 LODGING-HOUSES. noticed. The architecture of the house is of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The appended walks and gardens are very delightful. A table de hote is kept here. LODGING-HOUSES. Most of the houses in the village are appropriated as lodgings, See the Map of the Hills, Walks, Wells, &c. The terms vary according to the time of the year, and the attendance required. The full price commences the first of June, and ends the first of November. We believe the charges will be found much the same, as at other watering-places. 97 THE POST-OFFICE. The Post-Office is in the central part of the vil- lage, opposite Paradise-row. The mail from the Hay, and Hereford, arrives here at half past one o'clock in the day, and takes the bag with the Malvern letters, to the Worcester office, whence they are forwarded by the different mails. The mail from London and Worcester, reaches Malvern at half-past eleven o' clock in the morning, and the letters are delivered immediately. The mail for London, leaves Worcester at half-past three in the afternoon ; the Bristol mail at ten o'clock at night ; and the mail for the north, passing through Worces- ter, takes the letters from the office about midnight, or early in the morning. Letters from Malvern, arrive in London, the following morning. All letters must be put into the Malvern office before twelve o' clock, at noon. No letters can be sent unpaid, beyond the seas, except to such colonies in the West Indies, and North America, as are within his Majesty's domin- ions, Hon<}uras and Newfoundland excepted. Letters for Canada, Halifax, Nova-Scotia, and the West Indies, may be paid or not, at the option of the party, but no postages are taken for the East Indies. POST-OFFICE. The mails are made up at the general post-office as follows : France, every Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. Italy, Switzerland, Turkey and Spain, through France the same days. Holland, the Netherlands, Hamburgh, Germany, Russia, Prussia, and Denmark, every Tuesday and Friday. Sweden, Norway, Madeira, and Brazils, first Tuesday, monthly. Portugal, every Tuesday. Berbice, Surinam, and Demerara, second Wed- nesday in each month. Corunna, every second Tuesday. Lisbon and Oporto, every Tuesday. Gibraltar, Malta and the Mediterranean, first Tuesday monthly. Jamaica and America, first Wednesday monthly. Leeward Islands, first and third Wednesday, monthly. Cape and East Indies, are sent by ships, as op portunity offers. All foreign letters must be put into the Malvern office, one day previously. This being a government office, letters may be franked from this place. 99 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. THE SUNDAY SCHOOL at Great Malvern, owes it's existence to the un- bounded philanthropy of the Bight Hon. Apphia> Baroness Lyttelton, second daughter of Brome Witts, Esq. late of Chipping-Norton, receiver gen- eral of the county of Oxford, born April 27, 1743. She was first married to Colonel Peach, second in command in the East Indies, who died at Mong- hair, in June, 1772 On her return to England, she purchased the Leasowes, in the parish of Hales- Owen, once the property of William Shenstone, Esq., where she lived in retirement, She again entered the marriage-state, with the late Thomas Lord Lyttelton, only son of the celebrated George Lord Lyttelton. She has been for many years and still continues indefatigable in her labours and zeal to promote the general welfare of Malvern, and particularly in implanting religious, virtuous, and industrious habits among the lower orders of socie- ty. In the prosecution of her business of doing good, her ladyship has erected two distinct buildings, the first containing a Sunday-School and a School- house, the other a School of Industry. Her lady- ship's resource for raising the former structure, is so interesting, and withal, forms so laudable a trait in her character, that we cannot pass it in silence. LofC. 100 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. When her ladyship married Colonel Peach, he presented her with a valuable set of filigree dres- sing-plate. She determined, at one time or other, to dedicate it's value to some charitable purpose, and first intended to endow some houses for wid- ows, but finding the state of the children about Malvern was miserable, from a total want of reli- gious instruction, she resolved to honour the me- mory of the donor, by laudably applying his gift to the erection of a Sunday-school. For the gratification of our readers, we here sub- join further particulars of this school. Her lady- ship having obtained a grant of land from Edward Foley Esq. lord of the manor of Great Malvern, she had a deed prepared, which enabled her le- gally to give the school-house, by a separate dis- tinct conveyance, to the parish of Great Malvern and church-wardens, for the time being, for ever. She also has appointed trustees for the security of the building and premises : and to guard it from being converted to any other use than a Sunday-school, the trustees are to take care that the nsmber of children never exceeds ninety ,• to undertake the sole direction and custody of any fund which may hereafter be formed for the repairs of the building ; and to confirm the appointment of a master or mis- tress, in case of vacancy by death, or whenever a change may be found requisite, by a local com- mittee, which is to be authorized by the trustees, to direct and superintend the business and progress of the school, and to enforce all the appointed rules for the management of it. After the annual ser- mon for the benefit of the charity is preached in CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 101 j*r*r*^rr>r** *•**+ Malvern Church, in the month of September, the trustees meet once a year in the school-room, in the month of October, at which time the accounts are audited, and the state of the school business inves- tigated, particularly in what relates to the religious improvement of the children. The number at pres- ent amounts to eighty, i. e. forty-five girls and thir- ty -five boys. Besides these, there are ten prepar- atory scholars. Lady Lyttelton, being president, during her life, retains the privilege of appointing the master and mistress. In like manner the ap- pointment of a necessitous widow or spinster of suitable age, devolves upon her ladyship. This widow is to live rent-free in the cottage-part of the school-house ; her business being to keep it clean and aired. The master and mistress are not allow- ed to reside in it, lest it might occasion embarrass- ment, should their removal become necessary. The long room, on the ground floor, is appropriated for the children to dine. Each child brings his dinner, whether living near or distant. This rule being a condition of admittance into the school, suitable tables are provided for them, with seats, in which their new garments are always locked up. This room Lady Lyttelton has ordered never to be converted into one for teaching. This part of the design includes in it, order, regularity and decen- cy, which are considered by the donor, important and essential parts of education, and require to be strictly enjoined upon the lower orders of youth, of both sexes. The committee exacts invariably from the master and mistress, mild behaviour to the children, and strict attention to the rules which are 102 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. hung up in the school-room. One guinea annual- ly, or a donation of five guineas, includes to the subscriber, the privilege of being a member of the local committee. Lady Lyttelton has determined that the exterior of the school-house, shall be finished with a gothic architrave, or in some way completed, that it's ap- pearance may harmonize with the church adjoin- ing, and, after her death (for Lady Lyttelton's lowliness of heart will not permit it to be done dur- ing her life), her armorial bearings are to be erect- ed upon the outside, in a conspicuous part of the elevation, with the following inscriptions : Every devoted thing is most holy unto the Lord. LeviticuSt But Jesus said, « Suffer little children to c03ie unto me, and forbid them not." St. Matthew. Let every benevolent heart, unite in prayers to the Almighty, that her ladyship may be long contin- ued among us, for whenever it pleases the allwise Disposer of events to call her home to habitations of glory, her loss will be universally and severely felt. Nor has the philanthropy of her ladyship rested here; her wonted benevolencehasextended further. Observing that at present, the peasantry of Great Malvern, are so earnesly desirous of obtaining light and genteel work, that the farmers find it difficult to procure weeders ; and aware of the baneful ef- fects arising from an improper love of dress among female servants, she has endeavoured to check the growing evil, and has suggested and supported, by her influence, the following institution : 103 SCHOOL OF ANCIENT INDUSTRY, FOR SPINNING OF Wool, Flax, Hemp, Knitting, &c. &c. ERECTED ON MALVERN CHASE, through the Liberality of Lady Lytteltdh, Edward Foley, Esq., of Stoke Edith Park, Earl Beauchamp, and others. It being judged expedient, that there should be instituted a school of real industry for females, in the poorer classes of this parish, an unadorned build- ing was erected near PecJcham Grove, her lady- ship's cottage, in which is a room, 35 feet by 14, suitable for the work carried on by children, who are taught to card and spin wool, flax and hemp, knitting, and every kind of common needle-work ; such as making and mending coarse garments, jack- ets, and linen for the use of their parents and them- selves. In this manner they may learn to produce their own garments of a cheap and substantial kind, suitable to their condition in life, as in former ages. In order to preserve to society, a useful hardy peas- antry, it is intended to encourage field-work ; and that this employment may not be the means, as here- tofore, of corrupting the morals of young persons, one of the matrons of the school always attends and works with them. Reading is regularly promoted ; religious duties instilled, and industry is encouraged by an exact account being kept of their respective 104 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. earnings. The lord of the manor, Edward Foley, Esq. generously gave some timber for the building of this school, and united with the Rev. Henry Card, and the several land and free-holders, in granting leave to enclose some waste land for the school, and many of them assisted in the work, by drawing materials to the spot ; a pleasing proof of the unanimity and zeal, for the benefit of the poor, and highly creditable to the parish : besides, it can- not be doubted that the visitors of Malvern, per- ceiving the great advantages which society derive from such excellent institutions, will readily con- tribute to a fund for economical erections, and to purchase materials, benches, &c, for conducting the school business. The projecter of the plan, commenced a subscription with ten guineas, to which Earl Beauehamp gave another ten guineas, which sum was increased by small subscriptions from the nobility and gentry visiting Malvern. The school-room, althoughbuilt on the most frugal plan, exceeded the sum raised, as appears by the accounts and vouchers, exclusive of the expense of enclos- ing and cultivating a small parcel of land, for the purpose of raising hemp and flax, for the employ- ment of the children. From the extreme high price of flax and hemp, as sold in the shops, these articles cannot be bought so as to benefit the poor, which it is presumed would be effected by cultivating and dry-dressing these articles, according to a new plan, by a machine. Six of these are now employ- ed with great advantage, on the national school at Bath. Depending on the continued support which this institution would receive by additional dona- CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 105 tions, Lady Lyttelton sent an intelligent messenger to Bath, to purchase a pair of machines, and to be fully instructed in the use of them. To cover the deficiency in the building accounts, as before men- tioned ; to pay the annual very moderate wages of 16s. per month to the school-mistress ; to defray the expense of building an additional room, in which to dress the flax, and for a single loom to weave the produce of the children's spinning, in wool, hemp and flax ; and to pay the incidental expenses, necessary to the establishment, books are opened and donations thankfully received at the Library, the principal hotels, the Abbey House, and by Mr. Deykes, the treasurer. Many as have been the difficulties which have occurred in the formation of this institution, the exhibitions and sales in the school-room, have proved highly satisfactory and flattering. The following is a copy of the circular invitation which Lady Lyttelton sentto her friends. << Lady Lyttelton would be happy to see Lady W. and friends, on Tuesday the 9th of October, at eleven o' clock, at the School of Industry, and af- terwards, to take a sandwich in her new cottage on the Chase. Peckham Grove, 27th of Sep. 1821." Previous to the 9th of October, there was exhib- ited in the school-room, a notice, that the parents and friends of the children, greatly desired to pur- chase the articles made by them. They were, there- fore, only exhibited to shew the company the util- ity of the plan, the leading object of which, is to in- duce a spirit of housewifery and domestic habits, suited to the sphere in life of the children. 8 106 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. An account of the incomes and outgoings is o- pened and lies in the school-room for examination, under entries of Dr. and Cr. with vouchers, for the four years, including particulars of expenditures in building, fenciDg and cultivating the land for growing the flax ; a crop of which has been raised upon the premises. In consequence of this notice, the company at Malvern (the greatest in number and of the high- est in rank which had ever appeared in any season), assembled to see the children at breakfast, and to view the productions of the little bee-hive, consist- ing of woollen and linen cloth, six dozens of stock- ings, &c. «fcc. Much gratification was expressed by the company, and the contribution, at the time, amounted to the sum of thirty-five pounds. This sum, according to an agreement, was paid to Mr. Thomas Mc. Cann, a builder, on the covering-in of the desirable additional buihiing, on the 5th of November; and thirty-five pounds more were paid on it's completion, the 17th of November. This addition will greatly increase the usefulness of this humble plan, and it is hoped, will induce future vis- iters to patronize it, by which, the parish will be benefited and the scholars will derive the great bles- sing of early habits of industry, regularity and sub- ordination, founded on religious principles. May this excellent institution prove an example to sur- rounding parishes, that they may go and do likewise ! 107 FEMALE SERVANTS' BENEFIT INSTITUTION. A plan was devised May 6, 1819, by the Rev. Henry Card, vicar of Malvern, under the title of the " Female Servants' Benefit Institution," the ob- jects of which are to aid and encourage meritorious conduct in the married and unmarried women, of the class of domestic and agricultural servants in his parish; to reduce the habit of parochial depen- dance, by cherishing a spirit of economy, order, and frugality; (which latter quality, will, it is hop- ed, naturally lead them to dress in a manner be- coming their humble stations in life,) and espec- ially to restore family virtue to a just estimation among them, in which chastity bears a principal part. These desirable results are proposed to be effect- ed by means of gratuities and the saving-bank. Such being the important views of this institu- tion, the committee appointed to manage it, earn- estly hope, that the willing liberality of the wealthy visiters of this place, will remove the most specious objection to the design; viz. despair of success; since without their benefactions, the undertaking must languish and die; but when this assurance is connected with the unquestionable fact, that the evil to be remedied, owes much of it's inveteracy to their servants, it surely may be confidently 108 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. anticipated, that in this view of the subject, visiters will feel a particular call to support the institution with their purses and their influence. The com- mittee, therefore, trust that the foregoing statement, which, if necessary, can be substantiated by a vari- ety of heart-rending cases, will have the effect of commanding the conscientious attention of almost every visiter of both sexes, in this place ; who form- ing exemplary instances in themselves of all that is amiable and commendable, know, by repeated fail- ures, how vain is the attempt of taking into their own hands the moral guidance of their servants; and so far are the committee from entertaining any fear, that this explicit avowal on their parts, will be con- verted into a cause of offence, that next to the de- sign itself, they would press this very circumstance upon the consideration of the visiters, as one of all others, which should most powerfully invest the in- stitution, with the claims of an indispensible obliga- tion to their patronage. Subscriptions and donations are received by the Rev. Henry Card, treasurer ; also at the Library ; at the principal Hotels, and at the Abbey-house. £. s. d. Amount of subscriptions and donations, arising from the sermon preached for this institution by the Rev. Henry Card, ... 114 PATRONESSES OF THE INSTITUTION. SuhscrijJtions. Countess of Harcourt, 5/0 Right Hon. Lady Lyttelton, 5 Hon. Mrs. J. Yorke, 5 Mrs. Mary Dandridge, 5 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 109 r ■**+*+* Of scented thorn, shall fold, at sultry noon, In welcome shade, in safety through the night, Lulling to slumber with their tinkling bells. " A summer cot, for active sinewy strength," Observes sage caution : " but when wintry winds Sweep o'er the hills, and age, decrepit age, Forbid to climb the steep, or downward seek A social world, what then will cheer the scene?" Friendship, Affection, these, penates kind! "With tomes of various lore, and that most priz'd, The Tome of Inspiration. Such my guests, And, when she wills, a visit of the muse, Winter, and storms, and age will find me bless'd, As on life peaceful glides to it's last bourne ; When scenes far lovelier e'en than Malvern yields, A God all-gracious, on me may bestow. The following imaginary description of Malvern, in it's early state, is from that ingenious work, cal- led " Reflections relative to Malvern Hills," attri- buted to the pen of the Rev. E. M. Rudd, from which we have already largely quoted. «I some- times," says he, " go back to the state of things, at Malvern, many centuries ago. I see beneath these hills, instead of this diversified cheerful scene of cultivation, a vast straggling forest, interspersed with heathy pastures, with much fewer dwellings visible, chiefly huts and cottages, and here and there a great man's castle, bosomed in trees ; the wide forest scene, having a rich and noble, but far more lonely aspect. Archers at a distance ap- pear and disappear among the trees, traversing the Chase in quest of deer. Solitude, nevertheless, strongly characterizes the scene. I have before me, the grey gothic Abbey, and it's conventual buildings. It's bell sounds among the rocks. Cowled monks walk among the thick alder clumps below. Some are setting out on a spiritual visit to the peasants, or to the household of some baron. RIDE OVER THE HILLS. 169 Others return with water from the Holy Well, two miles distant. Some are here upon the hills. One sits reading, among rocks and tangled bushes, and two or three are above, near the summit, looking down on the expanse below. Such, I imagine, was the morning", or mid-day scenes, during the twelfth or thirteenth century. About the spot where we are now sitting, I figure to myself a pair of the reverend brethren, strolling calmly after their vespers, in some sober summer eve, after hav- ing, perhaps, upon the top of the hill, "with wist- ful eyes pursued the setting sun," sublime emblem of the just, which " shall anon repair it's beams," and « flame in the forehead of the morning sky," discoursing" in serene, lofty, moralizing mood, on some subject friendly to pious hope; and then, with a sacred serenity and elevation of soul, sinking down in twilight, through the bushes, to their place of repose, in the peaceful, holy, receptacle below." How changed the scene ! Instead of cowled monks sauntering about these hills in monastic attire, ele- gant ladies, in white dresses, and trim gentlemen, a la mode, bespot the verdant surface ; or the con- templative solitary, windsalongthe pathtothesum- mit. Others, after viewing the charming landscape, descend, with brisker step to the village ; and, not seldom, the picture is animated with happy groupes of village maidens, gaily attired in Sunday trim. RIDE OVER THE HILLS, TO THE WELLS. 40 About two miles and a half from the village of Great Malvern, are the Wells, so distinguished 12 170 RIDE OVER THE HILLS. from Holy Weil being in the vicinity. This is a very pretty picturesque district, and the walks about the hills are delightful, interspersed with neat houses and cottages. It is a charming drive, the turnpike road being in good repair. Nearly opposite the Upton road 53 upon an eminence, is the Well Boarding and Lodging House ? 40 kept by the widow of the late Mr. Steers, the resort of much genteel company. Upon the acclivity of the hill, not far distant from the Holy Well,* 1 is a spacious and commodious lodging house called the Rock House, 42 the property of the Misses Steers. The walks in the vicinity are laid out, with pictu- resque effect, where seats are placed at convenient distances. On the brow of the hill, upon the opposite side of the road, is Essington's Hotel, 54 where families are boarded in private apartments, and every attention and civility are paid them, by Mrs. Essington. The road to the wells across the hills, is by St. Ann's Well, 5 to Harcourt Tower, 34 see page 158. Passing the Witch on the Hereford- shire side, is Perseverance Hill, 37 where is a small thatched covered seat. From thence to Lady Harcourt's seat on Pinnacle Hill ; 38 bearing to the left is a walk to the Alcove ; where is the brass plate, with an inscription noticed page 122. From this spot is a descent on the Worcestershire side of the hill, by a fine green walk, upon which is a neat arbour, built of wood, with the following lines inscribed on theback. When on this eminence I stand, Where'er I turn my wand'ring eyes, I see a great Creator's hand, In every fall, in every rise. DRIVE TO LITTLE MALVERN. 171 But in the gospel word alone I see a Saviour's face, There I behold redeeming love And learn thy boundless grace. The last four lines, in which the subject is ab- surdly changed, appear to be painted by a different hand. From this seat there is a descent by a sinu- ous path to the Rock and Well Houses ; and re- turn by a road near Miss Barry's Cottage. 39 At a short distance, observe a neat Alcove, under a large oak tree, and upon the walk are many seats, put there at the expense and by the direction of the late venerable Sir Isaac Heard, who presented the writer with the following lines, written in favour of Ann Palmer, who, at the age of seventy-eight, sweeps the walks near the Well House, relying for support on the visitors. To the Ladies ivho climb the Hygean Hills. Ye generous fair ! With cheerful air, You scale the hills, and grace display, A poor old dame, Of honest fame, Sweeps well the paths, to smooth the way. Ah should her labours gain your praise, She'd comforts find in winter days. This path leads by the Witch, to the turnstile below the chasm, cut through the rocks. The ex- cursion will require about three hours. DRIVE TO LITTLE MALVERN. 50 After quitting the village of Great Malvern, the first object of attraction is the Parks, 61 the seat of the Misses West. The house is very tastefully fitted 172 DRIVE TO LITTLE MALVERN. up ; the gardens and pleasure-grounds are very beautiful, the whole being planted upon the side of the rock, with evergreens and shrubs of the choic- est kinds. The walk winding to the summit of the mountain, forms a grand amphitheatre highly picturesque. The next is Melton House, 60 on the left, the genteel residence of Bennet Garlike, esq. m. d. We next observe, embo- somed in wood, the Firs-House, 58 the property of Thomas Hornyhold, esq. The appearance of Hanley Common, chequered, and the Upton road, 53 add to the variety. Next is Ruby Cottage, 55 to the right, with Essington's Hotel, 54 to the left. A little further is Gloucester House, 52 * and Re- gent Lodge. We next notice May Place, 52 to the left of the road. Most of these are lodging- houses. Advancing on our route, we see Bel- mont Lodge, 43 the seat of Sir' Robert TVigram, and South Lodge. 44 The appearance of both is striking, being built upon the declivity of the hill. Little Malvern is a small village, about four miles distant from Great Malvern, situated upon a woody recumbent slope, near the entrance of an extensive recess or hollow, in the range of hills of which the Herefordshire Beacon forms such a con- spicuous object. According to the return made to the Privy Council, by Bishop Sandys, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, this parish contained thirty- seven families, but at the present time there are fifteen only. The number of inhabitants, as taken under the population act of 1821, was sixty-seven ; viz. thirty-three males, and thirty-four females, most of whom are employed in agriculture. DRIVE TO LITTLE MALVERN. 173 In the Anglo Norman times, this district was lit- tle better than a wilderness, well calculated for re- tirement. Here, therefore, about the year 1171, two brothers, Joceline and Edred became hermits, and passing- their lives in austerity and penance, they founded here a small Benedictine Priory for themselves and a few other monks, who had sepa- rated from the Priory at Worcester, to which this cell became subordinate. The new estab- lishment was dedicated to St. Giles, and it con- tinued till the dissolution of the lesser monasteries in 1538, at which period it contained a prior and seven monks. It's possessions, which were valued at £98 per annum, were afterwards granted to Richard Andrews and Nichols Temple. The present Church, which is that which be- longed to the Priory, was built on the site of the more ancient edifice about the year 1482, temp. Henry the seventh, by the influence of that cele- brated prelate and architect, John Alcock, bishop of Worcester. It was originally constructed in the form of a cross, having an embattled tower ris- ing from the centre ; but the transept has long been in ruins, and partly destroyed. The other divi- sions of the building are much dilapidated. From several points of view it forms a picturesque and striking object, particularly when it's pointed win- dows and rich tracery are seen, combining with the mantling ivy that has been suffered to overspread a portion of the exterior walls. In descending the hilly road from Ledbury, the eye glances over the tower of the church, which appears to rise from thick woods. Cottle has thus noticed the church in his beautiful Poem on Malvern. 174 DRIVE TO LITTLE MALVERN, r wsf MVW +*f tsr <\#- Just peeping from a woody covert near, The lesser Malvern stands. Sequestered church ! The spot around thee speaks of quietness. Down at the mountain's base thou long hast brav'd With unmov'd front, the season's varying hour, The vernal tempest and December's storms ; Yet, at this tranquil time, most fair thou art. The aged oaks around, and towering elms, In wild luxuriance spread their stately limbs ; And true to friendship, ward each angry blast That, howling through the valley, sweeps along To thy dark battlements. Thou humhle church, protected stand Though many a year of sunshine and of storm, And may thy sylvan guardian flourish too, The woodman pass them, and the tempest spare. The interior of the Church is plain and uninvit- ing, although indications of former spleDdour still remain in it's vestiges of painted glass and armorial blazonry, which, it is said, once outrivalled those of Great Malvern Church. The eastern window is ornamented with very elegant tracery, dividing it into numerous lights, the principal of which are trefoil headed : quatrefoils and other forms com- plete the design. In the upper divisions are several armorial shields in stained glass, and in the lower compartments are the remains of some figures, which are conjectured to have been por- traits of the Queen and part of the family of Ed- ward the fourth. Some rude seats with a few pews, or rather boxes, in the nave, and some old stalls on each side of the chancel, are the accommoda- tions for the congregation during divine service. Inthe southern corner is a dilapidated gothic pulpit. A wooden screen, that has been perforated in tbe gothic style, in compartments, but is now much broken, separates the nave from the chancel. DRIVE TO LITTLE MALVERN. 175 Nearly over it, from wall to wall, is a beautiful carved beam, exhibiting foliage, finely relieved and under-cut. In an angle near the stalls on the northern side is grotesque carving. In the pavement are several wrought tiles ; upon one or two of which the same inscription may be traced as that already given in the account of Great Malvern Church. The Font, which is of stone, and of an octagonal form, stands among the pews on the northern side of the nave. The sepulchral memorials are principally con- fined to a few mural tablets of little importance ; but there were formerly some of considerable antiquity. On the northern side was an ancient raised monument, with the figure of a man, all armed, except his face ; under his head an helmet with his crest, a lion's head ; at his feet a lion ; on his right hand his wife, richly dressed ; at her head two angels, at her feet a little dog with a collar and bells. Habyngdon says, that in his time, (viz. Queen Elizabeth's reign,) "there lay in the south aisle a Knight, or crusader, all armed saving his face, his right hand on his sword, and his legs crossed : on his right hand lay his lady with her arms crossed." He imagined this latter position to indicate, that the lady had accompanied her husband, in his military religious pilgrimage to the Holy land. The Church is a perpetual curacy. The living is in the gift of Mrs. Wakeman of Little Malvern, who is a Roman Catholic, and therefore incapable of presenting ; she has, however, the nomination of the living, and the presentation is made by the Right Hon the Earl Somers. The Rev. Edward Woodyatt, B. a. has the curacy. 176 DRIVE TO LITTLE MALVERN. Near the Church an antique wood-framed build- ing, stands upon the site of the old Priory. It's sit- uation is romantic and sequestered. The house is now the property and residence of Mrs. Wakeman, who has made considerable improvements. In front is a fine piece of water. The declivity of the adjoining" glen cloathed with bold impending wood, with a receding hill above, produce a pleasing ro- mantic picture. An expanse of fertile meadow, to the east, is tastefull y planted with trees, one o f which is a lime, remarkable for it's fine size and handsome growth, adding another majestic feature to the placid pastoral grandeur around, this vicinity abounds with varied charms and picturesque beau- ties in every direction. The Sunday School at Little Malvern owes it's existance chiefly, not to the splendour of no- ble patronage, but to the exertions of a humble individual, whose enviable feelings resulting from the knowledge of his being the instrument, by the hand of Providence, of doing much good to the rising generation, has hitherto been his only reward. In the year 1812 Mrs. Barry, a widow lady, of good property, commenced a subscription for the purpose of erecting a building and establishing a Sunday School for the instruction of the poor residing in the neighbourhood of Malvern Wells. But discouraged by the smallness of the sum, and worn out by many obstacles thrown in her way, she was at last, though reluctantly, obliged to desist from her purpose. Thus, had a plan, so beneficial to the interest of society, been entirely abandoned, when Mr. George Phillips, who at DRIVE TO LITTLE MALVERN. 177 that time lived servant with Mrs. Barry, became deeply interested in the design, and determined to check the profligacy which prevailed among- the surrounding peasantry. He adopted the ideas of his worthy mistress, but commenced the plan with- out communication. From his own resources, he hired a room, engaged a teacher at three shillings per week, and assisted himself in teaching, so far as his leisure would permit. He commenced his school at North Cottage, Dec. 5, 1813, with twenty two children. The scholars increased, and the cottage was too small. Mrs. Barry soon be- came acquainted with Mr. Phillips's project, trans- ferred thirty pounds, which she had collected, and added to it, twenty pounds from her own purse. In the year 1815, the number of children instruct- ed, were one hundred and twenty five boys and one hundred and fifty eight girls. Mrs. Barry did not live long to witness the exertions of her faithful servant. She died Sep. 30, 1814, and left a daughter, who possesses her mother's virtues, and who continues a warm friend to the Sunday School of Little Malvern. It ought to be recorded to the honour of this second Man of Ross, that he has not only reared this school at his own expense, without the hope or expectation of any return, but he has also pur- chased a quarter of an acre of land, which cost him eighty pounds. He erected a school upon it, at an expense of three hundred and eighty nine pounds, twelve shillings and sixpence ; three hun- dred of which, we believe, have since been raised by subscription. Had not rumour lead a gentleman 178 DRIVE TO LITTLE MALVERN, to make a strict enquiry into this almost unparallel- ed act of christian benevolence, the statement of it would never, in all probability, have reached the public eye, or sympathy and benevolence ever been solicited ; for this man sought not the praise that cometh from man, but from God only. We regret to state, that from Mr. Phillips not having the same means of support as at the time the Sunday School was first established, he is obliged to give up his gratuitous services. It therefore remains with the inhabitants of Malvern, and the public to judge how far an individual, who has done thus much for the benefit of society, ought to be encouraged in furtherance of a plan which owes every thing to him for its success and completion. £=J S&£3t 2ZZ2 wy%H^=D== -^n&td. ty jy^AaZe? ''$*£" 179 r/s#/>//^/y ■rf^^s* 1 REFERENCES TO THE SKETCH OF THE PRINCIPAL WALKS UPON THE HILLS, LODGING HOUSES, &c. 1. Road from the Library to the Zig-zag walk, leading to St. Ann's Well, and Worcester- shire Beacon. 2. The Shrubbery Lodging- house. 3. Ash Grove, the residence of the late Rev. JamesStillingfleet, prebendary of Worcester Cathedral. 4. Zig-zag Walk. 5. St Ann's Well. 6. 6, 6, 6, 6. St. Ann's Walk to the Worcestershire Beacon. 7. Direction rock to the Sugar- loaf and Table-hill. 8. 8. Buchanan's Walk. 9. Merrick's Walk to the Sugar- loaf. 10. Walk to Harcourt Tower. 1.1. Round the summit to the Worcestershire Beacon. 12. The Worcestershire Beacon. 13. To Harcourt Tower, from the Beacon. Sugar-loaf Hill. Table Hill. North Hill. 17, 17. Lambert Walk, from the foot of the Shrubbery House, extending to the top of the North Hill. Ivy Rock. Talbot Walk, leading to the North Terrace. A short walk down the Hill. Holly Mount, the seat of Thomas Woodyatt, esq. 14. 15. 16. 17, 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Lodge, the seat of John Sur- man, esq. and temporary residence of the Dean of Worcester 23. Grenville Walk, Round Ta- ble and Sugar-loaf Hills. 24. The valley separating the Worcestershire Beacon from the North Hill. 25. Seat upon St. Ann's Delight. 25* Booker's Mount. 26. Knob's Delight. 27. 27. Darner's Walk. 28. Foley Terrace. 29. Card's View- 30. Castle-house Lodging-house. 31. Hill-cottage Lodging-house. 32. Banister's-cottage Lodging- house. 33. Steps leading down to the Village. 34. Harcourt Tower. 35. Witch. 36. Harcourt Walk. 37. Perseverance Hill. 38. The Pinnacle. 39. Miss Barry's Cottage. 40. Well-house, with public boarding-table. 41. Holy-well. 42. Rockhouse Boarding-house. 43. Belmont Lodge. 43* North Cottage. 44. South Lodge. 45. The Alcove, erected by the Lady Mary Countess Har- court. 46. Walk to the Rockhouse. rr C n&4iyW£7ia2e7-l}'£ (JfeeZcfc a/ ' Ifu^ WetsZ'&J'. 179 REFERENCES TO THE SKETCH OF THE PRINCIPAL WALKS UPON THE HILLS, LODGING HOUSES, &c. 1. Road from the Library to the Zig-zag walk, leading to St. Ann's Well, and Worcester- shire Beacon. 2. The Shrubbery Lodging- house. 3. Ash Grove, the residence of the late Rev. James Stillingfleet, prebendary of Worcester Cathedral. 4. Zig-zag Walk. 5. St Ann's Well. 6. 6, 6, 6, 6. St. Ann's Walk to the Worcestershire Beacon. 7. Direction rock to the Sugar- loaf and Table-hill. 8. 8. Buchanan's Walk. 9. Merrick's Walk to the Sugar- loaf. 10. Walk to Harcourt Tower. 11. Round the summit to the Worcestershire Beacon. 12. The Worcestershire Beacon. 13. To Harcourt Tower, from the Beacon. 14. Sugar-loaf Hill. 15. Table Hill. 16. North Hill. 17. 17, 17. Lambert Walk, from the foot of the Shrubbery House, extending to the top of the North Hill. 18. Ivy Rock. 19. Talbot Walk, leading to the North Terrace. 20. A short walk down the Hill. 21. Holly Mount, the seat of Thomas Woodyatt, esq. 22. Lodge, the seat of John Sur- man, esq. and temporary residence of the Dean of Worcester 23. Grenville Walk, Round Ta- ble and Sugar-loaf Hills. 24. The valley separating the Worcestershire Beacon from the North Hill. 25. Seat upon St. Ann's Delight. 25* Booker's Mount. 26. Knob's Delight. 27. 27. Darner's Walk. 28. Foley Terrace. 29. Card's View. 30. Castle-house Lodging-house. 31. Hill-cottage Lodging-house. 32. Banister's-cottage Lodging- house. 33. Steps leading down to the Village. 34. Harcourt Tower. 35. Witch. 36. Harcourt Walk. 37. Perseverance Hill. 38. The Pinnacle. 39. Miss Barry's Cottage. 40. Well-house, with public boarding-table. 41. Holy-well. 42. Rockhouse Boarding-house. 43. Belmont Lodge. 43* North Cottage. 44. South Lodge. 45. The Alcove, erected by the Lady Mary Countess Har- court. 46# Walk to the Rockhouse. 180 REFERENCES TO THE SKETCH. //A///MA///1 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 52* 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. Caniphill, or Herefordshire Beacon. Giant's Cave upon the Here- fordshire side. Road to Ledbury. Little Malvern. Road to Upton. May Place. Gloucester House. Principal road to Upton. Essington's Hotel Ruby Cottage. North Lodge. Road from Hereford and Ledbury to "Worcester. The Firs Lodging-house. Turnpike House. Melton-house, the residence of Dr. Bennet Garlike. Parks, the seat of Miss West. Mrs. Plumer's House. Crown Hotel. Belle Vue Hotel. Miss Mason's Lodging house, let in separate apartments. Deverieux Lodging-house. Post office Lodging-house, let in separate apartments. Library Board and Lodging- house. Here a public Board- ing-table is kept for a se- lect party, not exceeding fourteen persons. St. Edith Lodging-house, let in separate apartments, or the whole house, as circum- stances offer, with or with- out board. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 77* 78. S2. S3. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. The Pump-room and Baths* Academy for young gentle- men. Foley-arms Hotel. Trafalgar Lodging-house. Foley Lodging-house. Laurel Villa. Burford Lodging-house. Cobourg Place, two Lodg- ing-houses. Bredon-house. Paradise-row. 1. Mr. Griffiths's Lodging- house. 2. Ditto. 3. Mr. Waldron, Surgeon, Apothecary , and Druggist. Here are apartments to let. 4. Mrs. Silvester's Lodging- house. Sunday School house. Viranda Cottage Lodging- house. St. Ann's Cottage, Mr. War- ren, Surgeon and Apothe- cary. Livery Stables. The Vicar's house. Church. Abbey Boarding-house. St. Edith's walk. Road to Bernard's Green. Turnpike house. Chalybeate Spring. School of Industry. Besides the Lodging-houses, marked in the Map, there are many more; namely, Mr. Key's Lodgings ; Apartments opposite the Fo- ley-arms ; Mrs. Burson's Lodgings, next door ; Mr. Williams's apart- ments, opposite the Baths ; Mr. Crow's, in the road from the Library, leading to St. Ann's Well; Mr. Griffiths's apartments, near the Church Gate ; Mr. Lucas's, Mr. Archer's, and Mr. George's apart- ments, situated by St. Ann's Cottage, on the road leading to Ber- nard's Green ; Mr. Vaugban Probert's apartments, south side of the Library; and at the end of the village, on the Worcester road, is a very good Lodging house, called Woodland Cottage; a short dis- tance from it, upon the link or vale below, is Pomona House, and Link Villa, both good Lodging-houses. Further particulars may be known by application to the Library. 181 ■+*.**+*■»*•** **■**• REFERENCES TO THE SKETCH OF THE WALKS, &c. ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY. 85. Abbey House. 65. Mason's Lodging house. 71. Academy. 52. May place. 3. Ash Grove. 9. Merrick's Walk. 32. Banister's Cottage. 60. Melton-house. 39. Barry's Cottage. 16. North-hill. 64. Belle Vue Hotel. 56. North Lodge. 43. Belmont Lodge. 78. Paradise-row. 87. Bernard's-green road. 61. Parks. 77* Bredon House; 37. Perseverance hill. 8. Buchanan's Walk. 38. Pinnacle. 76. Burford House. 62. Plumer's (Mrs.) House. 47. Camphill. 67. Post-office. 29. Card's View. 70. Pump-room and Baths. 30. Castle-house. 42. Rock-house. 89. Chalybeate Spring. 46- Rock-house Walk. 84. Church. 55» Ruby Cottage. 77- Cohourg Place. 90» School of Industry. 63- Crown Hotel. 2« Shrubbery-house. 27- Darner's Walk. 44. South Lodge. 66- Deverieux House. 81. St. Ann's Cottage. 7. Direction Rock. 25. St. Ann's Delight, Seat upon, 54- Essington's Hotel. 6. St. Ann's Walk. 58- Fir's Lodging-house. 5. St. Ann's Well. 72. Foley-arms Hotel. 1. St. Ann's Well, Road to t 74. Foley House. 69. St. Edith's-house. 28. Foley Terrace. 86. St. Edith's Walk. 48. Giant's Cave. 33. Steps to the Village. 52* Gloucester House. 14. Sugar-loaf Hill. 23. Grenville Walk. 9. Sugar-loaf, Walk to. 45. Harcourt's Alcove. 79. Sunday School. 34. Harcourt Tower. 15. Table-hill. 10. Harcourt Tower, Walk to, 19. Talbot-walk. 13. Harcourt Tower, Walk to, 73. Trafalgar-house. from the Beacon. 59. 88. Turnpike-house. 36. Harcourt Walk. 51, 53. Upton-road. 47. Herefordshire Beacon. 24. Valley between the W. Bea- 31. Hill Cottage. con and North Hill. 21. Holly-mount. 83. Vicar's House. 41. Holywell. 80. Viranda Cottage. 18. Ivy Rock. 40. Well-house. 26. Knob's Delight. 35. Wiche. 17. Lambert's Walk. 57. Worcester road, from Led« 75. Laurel Villa. bury. 49. Led bury- road. 12. Worcestershire Beacon. 68. Library-house. 50. Little Malvern. I. Worcestershire Beacon, Road to. 82. Livery Stables. 4. Zig-zag Walk. 22. Lodge. 182 DRIVE TO THE HEREFORDSHIRE BEACON. 47 That remarkable link in the chain of the Mal- vern Hills, which is designated the Herefordshire Beacon, is situated in the parish of Little Malvern, on the left of the Ledbury road, about four miles and a half from the village of Great Malvern, and about two miles northward from the ruins of Bran- sil Castle. Upon the crest of this Beacon, are the remains of one of the strongest Hill Fortresses in the kingdom; it is impossible for words to con- vey a complete idea of this strong hold ; the works are too vast, the heights too unequal, and the base of the eminence too extensive. Many have un- hesitatingly pronounced this Hill Fortress, parts of which are ruined by age, and marked with the scars and impressions of war, to be altogether of Roman origin. Others have attributed this stupendous work to the Britons. " Observe," say they, " the vast la- bour employed in it's construction ; it's amazing belts of ramparts and trenches; it's great extent; it's well chosen situation, which commands what was anciently the only pass through the Malvern Hills ; it's singular irregularity of form, and evident dis- similitude to the modes of fortification observed by the Danes, Romans, and the Saxons, all combine to give the origin of this important Fortress to British workmanship, under the renowned Caractacus. HEREFORDSHIRE BEACON. 183 The general shape of that portion of the hill occupi- ed by the remains of a vast entrenchment, approach- es to an ellipsis, and the disposition of the banks and ditches, corresponds with that figure. The area of the centre and highest part, is an irregular par- allelogram, measuring about sixty yards in it's long- est diameter, and nearly forty in it's shortest. This is surrounded by a high and steep rampart of stones and earth, now covered with turf, and defended by a deep ditch. Considerably below, upon the de- clivity of the hill, ranging toward the south-west, or rather south-west by south, is a very extensive outwork or bastion, of an oval form, containing a sufficient area for the stowage, and even pasturage of horses and cattle. This is connected by means of a narrow slip of land running beneath the south- eastern side of the upper ditch, with a similar kind of bastion or outwork, ranging eastward, and man- ifestly intended for similar purposes. Both these works are surrounded by a high rampart and deep ditch, the former of which is from fifty to sixty feet high at present, and the latter from twelve to eighteen feet in depth, and from thirty to forty- feet in width at the top ; but those which surround the whole encampment, are in general, of larger dimensions, and particularly the ditch, which may originally have been wide enough at the bottom, to admit the passage of a chariot, a consideration of the first importance to a british army of those days The ditch is excavated out of the hard rock, and the inclosed have evidently been levelled by art, as far as the natural shape of the eminence would admit. Still lower, upon the declivity are succes- 184 HEREFORDSHIRE BEACON. sive ranges of ramparts and ditches, very steep, deep and high, encircling the sides of the mountain and rendering it nearly, if not utterly inaccessable toan enemy, there being only one originalentrance. The circumference of the Beacon, is two thou- sand nine hundred and seventy yards, the length one thousand one hundred, and the entire camp or fortification is of such extent and strength that it is capable of admitting an army of at least twenty thousand men, within it's trenches, and the bastion contains an area sufficient for the stowage and pas- turage of horses and cattle, and are of that con- struction that their firmness has not yielded to the efforts of seventeen centuries. These intrench- ments are supposed to be the beginning of a line of works, which passed through a long extent of country, and were thrown up by the Britons and Romans, when Ostorius Scapula, who commanded under the emperor Claudius, subdued the Britons. The county of Hereford was one of the districts that composed the state of the ancient Silures. The inhabitants were a brave and martial people, who, in conjunction with the Ordovices, or inhabi- tants of North Wales, retarded the progress of the Roman arms for a considerable time, and remained independent of the Roman government for several years after their eastern neighbours had submitted. It appears, ttoat the grand object of all the opera- tions of Ostorius, was the conquest of these na- tions, which had chosen for their commander the brave and noble Caractacus, in whom the Romans met with a powerful opponent. This famous sol- dier was possessed of all the requisites of an experi- HEREFORDSHIRE BEACON. 185 anced warrior ; and although possessed of inferior forces, he continued, for above nine years to op- pose and harrass the Romans : till at length he was totally routed and taken prisoner. There appears little doubt but this strong position on the Malvern Hills was occupied by him. The Rev. Dr. Card, Vicar of Great Malvern, in an able and learned tract, intitled, «• A Dissertation on the Hereford Beacon, " has adduced convincing reasons in favour of the probability of these conjec- tures. (See page 17 to 22.) This ingenious work is concluded as follows. " It was upon this spot then, now generally known by the name of the Herefordshire Beacon, that I may venture to assert, if the positive concurrent testimonies above cited, are allowed to have their due weight, that the great Caractacus lingered with the high wrought purpose of transmitting to his countrymen the most precious of all inheritances, the memory of his virtues. It was on this spot the lion of Britain, unwean- ed and roused from his native woods, before his sinews were knit, or the age of his strength was arrived, awaited for a time the Roman hunter in zenith of his might, and even in his feeblest infancy, burst through the toils set for him, preferring the prospect of destruction, to the abasement of an igno- minious safety. A place consecrated by these varied and interesting associations, clothed with every title that can enoble, exalt, and endear it to the heart of the British patriot, cannot but be regarded with the deepest veneration, standing as a striking, and im- posing monument, to record the heroism of those 13 186 HEREFORDSHIRE BEACON, /r//y/Af/j r j- 4 who were willing to die for their country's free- dom." It may be readily imagined, that Caracta- eus did not abandon such a fortification without trying every stratagem which his fertile talents could suggest, to allure the enemy out of his coun- try. When, however, all hope of accomplishing this most desirable purpose was fled, his alterna- tives were, immediate battle, or retreat among the Ordo vices. The abandonment of this post, there- fore, will be thought to reflect equal credit upon his patriotism and military judgment ; for as Caractacus retreated, Ostorius advanced, thus drawing the Romans to a place advantageously formed for defence. Antiquaries and historians have differed greatly respecting the spot upon which this important battle was fought. According to Camden, it took place upon Caer-Caradoc, near Church Stretton, in Shropshire ; but General Roy has suggested Coxwall Knoll, situated in a beautiful valley, near Brampton Brian, as the scene of action. The views from the summit of this majestic work, include a vast extent of country, and Here- fordshire from this height, assumes a very different character, from that of the contiguous districts of Worcester and Gloucester. It appears to be com- posed of an immense continuation of oblong coni- cal and irregular hills, principally covered with fine timber ; the deep shadows of it's luxuriant foliage, projecting over the most beautiful vales, abounding with orchards, cornfields, and hop- grounds. The distance to the west is finely marked, by the range of the Black Mountains, and the hills DRIVE TO EASTNOR CASTLE. 18? of Radnorshire. The prospects to the east and south-east are yet more extensive, including a very large proportioh of Gloucestershire and Worcestershire, which appears spread out before the sight, variegated by all the charms of nature and cultivation. The Herefordshire Beacon itself is most eminently conspicuous, for many miles, and forms an object of uncommon grandeur. Along the side of the hill, about the extent of half a mile, there is a very good walk. From this eminence, on the west side, you have a distinct view of East- Uor Castle. DRIVE TO EASTNOR CASTLE. 3 * This modern mansion, the magnificent seat of Earl Somers, is situated in the county of Here- ford, distant about eight miles from the village of Great Malvern, and about two miles from Led- bury. It is situated upon the northern end of an eminence, near the site of an ancient mansion. The approach to it is, perhaps the finest in England, being through an avenue of three miles of road, composed of fine woody country, where the juni- per tree, the oak, and other trees form an umbra- geous shelter over the domains of their noble owner. The lodge is nearly at the foot of the Herefordshire Beacon, through which you enter on the ridge- way, which commands some beautiful scenery. This has been supposed one of the an- cient Roman roads, but it probably is a production of nature, very little, if at all, assisted by art. The castle designed by Robert Smirke, exhibits a 188 DRIVE TO EASTNOR CASTLF. fine specimen of baronial dignity; and with ths exterior of the gothic, includes within, the conve- niences of modern and elegant comfort. It's front opens upon a broad terrace. The castle is sur- rounded by a moat filled with water, and crossed by a bridge. At each end are circular bastions or towers, which, with the fine centre, have a grand and romantic effect. The projecting declivities of the Malvern Hills and other eminences, with a profusion of wood which environs it, produce a sublime appearance ; in the front arch of the porch are engraved in gothic characters, AB ANNO MDCCCXII JACTIS ES TEM- PORE FUNDAMENTIS ASQUE AD AN- NUM MDCCCXXIV HOC CASTELLUM (EDIFICABAT JOH s . S. COMES SOMERS- The gardens are laid out with great taste, the park is very extensive, in which is a very beautiful Grotto, composed of moss, spars, and shells. The windows contain some very fine paintings on glass, by Lady Caroline Eastnor. Upon one of the highest eminences in the vicinity, distant about half a mile from the castle is an Obelisk, rising ninety feet from it's base, built about the year 1812, by Earl Somers. The eastern and western sides are inscribed to the memory of John Lord Somers, baron of Eve- sham, Lord high chancellor of England, in the reign of William the third, and president of the council of Queen Anne, who died a bachelor. The southern side is inscribed to the memory of James Cocks, ensign in the Guards ; who, before he had attained the age of twenty, fell, fighting for DRIVE TO LEDBURY. $89 feis country, in the battle of St. Cas, upon the coast ef France, A. D. 1768. The northern side is to the memory of the Honour- able Edward Charles Cocks, eldest son of Earl Somers, who fell under the Duke of Wellington, before Burgos, at the age of twentysix, respected, beloved, and regretted. This Obelisk is seen at a great distance and is a grand feature in the midst of a most romantic and varied country. Eastnor Castle is open to the public, every Tues- day, from eleven to five o'clock, and is a delight- ful morning drive. DRIVE TO LEDBURY. 50 On leaving the western side of the Malvern Hills, ihe road passes along a low valley. Towards three miles from Ledbury, on the descent, from the Herefordshire Beacon, stands Barton Court, the seat of Nicholas Peyton, esq. At a mile from Ledbury, the road ascends the chain of hills on the eastern side of that town, and winds through them to it's entrance. Seated upon an eminence, over- looking the town, is Upperhall, the residence of the Rev. Reginald Pyndar. Ledbury is near the centre of this chain, at the head of a pleasant and extensive valley, and were it not in the vicinity of the celebrated scenery of Malvern, would not fail to attract the attention of the traveller. These hills extend about five miles in a direction parallel with those of Malvern, and are, for the most part, cov- 190 DRIVE TO LEDBURY. ered with groves and coppice woods, which sup- ply to the lover of the « wildly devious walk," a variety of delightful excursions, and afford a suc- cession of the richest and most picturesque views, of which the Malvern hills, in groupes, continually changing, present some of the most striking. A view, however, of a superior kind, is seen from Broadlow, which rises immediately above the town, and may be distinguished by a clump of fir trees upon it's knoll. The ascent to this spot is easy, and while resting on the verdant brow, the the delighted beholder must feel the truth of Dyer's poetical description of this favoured district. Pleasant Seluria, land of various views ! Hills, rivers, woods and lawns, and purple groves ! Pomacious, mingling with the circling growth Of tendril hops, that flaunt upon their poles ! The Fleece. The Town of Ledbury, is eight miles distant from Great Malvern, and four from the base of the Beacon camp. It is equi-distant, sixteen miles from the cities of Hereford, Worcester, and Gloucester. The principal streets are spacious, and it contains many respectable houses and hand- some shops. The Church is a large fabric, appar- ently of great antiquity, and exhibits several inter- esting monuments, both ancient and modern. The interior has been recently much improved; the pews have been newly constructed, the galleries more commodiously arranged, and a new organ set up, the whole at a cost of two thousand pounds, supplied by voluntary donations. The alter has also been ornamented by a well executed copy of the last supper of Leonardo da Vinci, which reflects N DRIVE TO LEDBURY. 191 *sr ****** *■*++**< the highest credit on the talents of Mr. Ballard, the artist by whom it was executed. Upon the north- ern side of the Church, but detached by a narrow avenue, stands a Tower, surmounted by an elegant spire. In the centre of the town, is the ancient Hospital, and Chapel of St. Catherine, found- ed in the thirteenth century, by Hugh Folliot^ bishop of Hereford, for the maintenance of six widowers and four widows, which has been lately in part, rebuilt from a design made by Robert Smirke, esq. The increased funds of the charity, will enable the trustees to maintain an additional number of inmates. At the distance of nine feet from the building, stands the remains of a range of houses called the Butcher's-Row, which lately occupied the whole extent of the front: this row originally consisted of fifteen dwellings, but in the year 1820, a subscription was commenced, for the purpose of purchasing and removing the row, which has so far succeeded as to enable the pro moters of the design to take down eight of the houses, and the inhabitants are now engaged in procuring an act of parliament, for removing the remaining buildings, and for the general improve- ment of the town. When the structure shall be completed, and the whole of the unsightly row removed, the town will be not altogether unworthy of the beautiful country which surrounds it, The clothing trade, formerly carried on, to a consider- able extent in Ledbury, has been discontinued. Much cider and perry, the produce of the neigh- bouring orchards, is refined here, and sent to all parts of the kingdom. There is a Canal from the 192 DRIVE TO LEDBURY. Severn, to a wharf near this place ; but the supply of water is rather uncertain. A mile westward of the town, is an eminence, called Wallhills, clothed with fine forest trees, and copice wood. Upon it's southern bank, is a Camp of considerable extent, supposed to be of Roman construction. The area contains about thirty acres ; it's form is nearly triangular. The avenues into it, with their projecting bastions, and the whole line of ramparts, are in fine preservation. The walk round this relic of ancient warfare is very interesting. Delightful prospects appear at every turn ; and the deep glen, the gloomy wild, or the more extended view, alternately attract attention. The view from the eastern side, is particularly ad- mired, where the buildings of the town, the ven- erable church, it's lofty spire, woods hanging upon the varied steeps, and the Herefordshire Beacon, appearing between a breach of the nearer hills, with it's deeply furrowed brow, frowning upon the les- ser heights, present a scene beautifully varied. There is another Camp at Haffield, about two miles from Ledbury, upon the Gloucester road, of less extent. The face of the adjacent country presents an intermixture of pasture and tillage lands. The orchards that are richly scattered a- round, have been long pre-eminent, and in the blos- soming season, give the gayest appearance to the scenery, which blooms another Eden ; while the vast number of forest trees, undeformed by the axe of the pruner, complete the luxuriance that swells around. Amid this profusion of nature, many men of fortune have fixed their residences. The DRIVE TO LEDBURY. 193 **r*r**A noble Castle of Earl Somers, and the Mansion of E. M. Barrett, esq. from their contiguity to the Malvern Hills, have been already noticed. The Mansion of John Biddulph, esq. near the entrance from Worcester, into the town, presents a specimen of the architecture of the sixteenth century. The proprietor, by one of whose ancestors the house was built, has recently repaired it, preserving" the original outline, and has added an additional front, with several handsome apartments facing the park. This piece of ground is of considerable extent, pre- senting a most pleasing succession of hill and law*, adorned with the finest forest trees, and af- fording a variety of charming views. At a short distance from the town, upon the road leading to Gloucester, is Underdown House, the residence of Richard Webb, esq., a handsome free- stone building, upon a cheerful elevation, com- manding an extensive prospect, and backed by a range of fine woodlands. Two miles further, the new-built mansion of William Gordon, esq. is si- tuated at the foot of Haffield Camp, before noticed, and is not visible from the road. The structure is elegant, designed by Mr. Smirke. The extensive prospects from the banks above the house are de- lightful. Bromsberrow Place, the seat of Os- man Ricardo, esq., formerly the property of the Yates' family, is seen a little further ; and at seven miles on the same road, Down House, belonging to Dowdeswell, esq. Upon the road leading to Ross, at four miles dis- tance, Hellens, the residence of Edward JVal- wyn, esq., lies at the foot of Marcle hill, and a little 194 DRIVE TO LEDBURY. beyond, upon it's southern declivity, is Hom- house, the seat of Colonel Money. Near the northern extremity of this hill, is the Wonder , so called, from a large piece of ground, nearly two acres, having moved down the hill, and left a con- siderable chasm. This phenomenon happened in the reign of Elizabeth, as already noticed. The remains of Kinnaston Chapel, which was overturned and buried under the shifting soil, were recently discovered by some workmen who were raising stone upon the spot. Mainstone, the seat of John Johnstone, esq. stands near the road to Hereford, and upon a branch leading from the same road, are the mansions of the Rev. William Hopton, at Canonfroum Court, and of Edward Poole, esq. at the Homend. The two last mentioned handsome edifices are not seen from the main road, on account of the intervening hills. The Homend has been lately newly fronted, from a design of Mr. Smirke. 195 +*+* r* *^>rfssrr EX CURSION TO WORCESTER . 1 The visiters of Malvern, will find a drive to Wor- cester, a delightful morning excursion ; the whole distance being distinguished by interesting objects. On each side the road, the eye is continually de- lighted by expansive meadows, spotted with cattle ; rising hills ; fruitful orchards ; elegant hop planta- tions ; gardens, pleasant mansions, and extensive pleasure-grounds. About the distance of two miles and a half, is Newlands, where you find a small Chapel, dedicated to St. Leonard. It was former- ly a grange or farm, belonging to the Priory of Great Malvern . This place contains an assemblage of ru- ral villas. About five miles from Malvern, is Pow- ick, anciently the seat of John Beauchamp, ad- vanced to the dignity of Baron, by Henry the sev- enth. This village is memorable also, as having given birth to the illustrious Dr. Wall, who excel- led in the professional sciences of Therapeutics and Chemistry. From it's agreeable situation, Powick is become the residence of many respectable fami- lies, whose houses are generally remarkable for neatness, commanding extremely rich and beau- tiful prospects. Among the most elegant houses, that, belonging to the heirs of William Russell, esq. is the most conspicuous, standing on the left of the road to Malvern. This place gave name to a Dean- ery. Near the bridge is a beautiful meadow, 196 EXCURSION TO WORCESTER. rs^r*** ssrsj-s^r-jst- stretching to the extent of one hundred acres, and near it, is the pleasing village of Wick, so denom- inated, from the Saxon word Wick, or Creek, in consequence of it's proximity to the Teme, which terminates it's winding course in the Severn, at a short distance hence. Next occurs the neat and healthy village of St. John's, consisting, princi- pally, of a single street, in which are many respect- able and well built houses. It is the favourite country residence of many of the citizens of Wor- cester ; it's contiguity being a primary recommen- dation. On this side, you have a grand view of the city, the spire of St. Andrew's Church, rising one hundred and fifty-five feet from it's base, the point seeming to diminish into air. The venerable Cathedral, with it's pinnacles and lofty tower, form prominent objects. Besides these, eight other churches are visible. Barr, Flight and Barr's China Manufactory, upon the opposite bank of the Severn, attracts notice. The noble Bridge across the Severn, next occurs ; begun in July 25, 1771, and opened to the public, Sep. 7, 1781. Upon it's centre to the north, is the head of Sabrina, and on it's south, the city arms. Upon the stone tablets in the centre of the bridge, is inscribed the name of John Gwynn, the architect. This handsome stone structure, consists of five semicircular arches, springing five feet above the lowest water ; the di- ameter of the centre arch, is forty-one feet, the ex- tent of the bridge, from bank to bank, is about two hundred and seventy feet ; it's width between the parapets, nearly twenty-five feet. It is said to have cost twenty -nine thousand eight hundred and excursion to Worcester. 197 ■rsf *-* **■ ** #v# t^t ■**■ forty-three pounds. At the western end, stand two ornamental toll-houses. The view of this bridge from Broad-street, is uncommonly fine, forming a foreground to the Malvern hills. Worcestershire is situated in the province of Canterbury, and diocese of Worcester, in the Ox- ford circuit. It pays nine parts of the land-tax, and contributed in the year 1801, the sum of £87367 towards the maintenance of it's poor. It's greatest length is about forty-four miles from north-east to south-west, and it's greatest breadth, about twenty-nine miles east and west circum- ference, including the projecting parts, about two hundred and fifty miles, and exclusive of them, about oue hundred and twenty-four miles. Con- tains five hundreds, one hundred and fifty-two pa- rishes, five hundred villages, eight market towns, three boroughs, and one city. Sends to parlia- ment nine members ; viz. two for the shire, two for the city of Worcester, two for Evesham, two for Droitwich, and one for Bewdley. The chief com- modities are corn, hops, wool, cloth, cheese, salt, cider, and perry. The principal rivers are the Severn, the Avon, the Teme, the Stour, and the Arrow. The city of Worcester was founded at an extremely remote period, but to what people it owes it's origin, is unknown. It is recorded, that when this kingdom was invaded by the Danes, that the city was plundered and laid in ashes by those relentless conquerors. When, however, the mem- orable victory gained by Alfred and his victorious army, over these usurpers, rescued the nation from this foreign yoke, Ethelred, viceroy of the Wie- 198 EXCURSION TO WORCESTER. cians, and his wife Ethelfreda, daughter of the Great Alfred, induced the inhabitants to return and rebuild their ancient habitations, by granting them many privileges. In 1040, it was again destroy- ed, by order of Hardicanute, because the inhabit- ants opposed the imposition of a heavy tax. We find in Domesday Book, that about forty years after- wards, Worcester had risen to some degree of wealth and consequence, having a mint. Under William the conqueror and his son Rufus, the in- habitants of Worcester were distinguished for their loyalty. In June 1113, this city, with all it's churches, together with the cathedral-church, were consumed by fire, and one monk, and two ser- vants and fifteen citizens, perished in the flames. In November 1133, great part of this city was again burnt down by casual fire. King Stephen, in the fifteenth year of his reign, marched against the city of Worcester, and after a successful as- sault, reduced it to ashes ; but he did not find the reduction of the Castle, to which he laid siege, equally easy, for after many fruitless efforts, he abandoned it, leaving the forts he erected upon Henwick Hill, to the north-west of the city, and upon Digley to the south-east, of which traces still remain. In 1214, King John held his chief synod at this city, at which the barons and others put in their claims, demanding redress, with no small urgency. Shortly after, the king was obliged to subscribe his name to that memorable charter, which is the groundwork of our present constitution, and justly denominated Magna Charta. Worcester suffered materially during the civil wars between EXCURSION TO WORCESTER. 19$ the houses of York and Lancaster, In 1486, the city endured much from it's adherence to Henry the seventh, during Lord Loveli's Rebellion. In the turbulent reign of Charles the first, the city suffered all the dire effects which civil contentions entail on mankind. Worcester had, indeed, been long uniformly attached to the royal cause, which involved it in the most calamitous sufferings. This city became in succession, the refuge of the con- tending parties ; and her inhabitants, even at the present remote period, shudder with horror at the recollection of the sufferings of their ancestors. The royalists, unable to retain possession of the city, were compelled to abandon it to the pillage of the parliamentary force, and to this day, vesti- ges of their impiety are visible in the mutilated monuments of the cathedral. During the remain- der of the contest, this city experienced a variety of changes, each attended with a repetition of in- jury. The memorable battle of Worcester, seemed to bring the fortunes of the royalists to ruin. The Cathedral is a magnificent structure, and pre- sents a grand and venerable appearance. It's form is that of a double cross, displaying the grand fea- tures of the gothic style. The proportions of the exterior are upon a grand scale, the length from east to west being three hundred and ninety-five feet in the interior ; length of the choir, one hun- dred and twenty-four feet ; breadth of the nave and aisle, seventy-eight feet ; height of the choir, sixty-eight feet ; of the nave, sixty -six feet. The tower, which is two hundred feet high, rises from the great cross aisle, and is ornamented at the cor- 200 EXCURSION TO WORCESTER. ners by four lofty pinnacles and elegant battle- ments of light open work. Much curious work- manship may be seen upon the various sides of the tower, as well as in some ancient statues. The in- terior of this cathedral is highly interesting, from the numerous monuments which it contains. The most noted, is that of King John, situated at the upper end of the choir, near the altar. Upon it, is a representation of that monarch, wearing a crown, with the inscription, JOHANNES REX ANGLI.2E, but much defaced. In his right hand is a sceptre, now broken, and in his left, which is stretched by his side, is a sword, the point whereof, enters the mouth of a lion, which lies at his feet. Or, and be- low, in eight several panes, gules, three lions pas- sant, gardant, or, « So shineth he," all in gold. Small statues of the Bishops, Oswald and Wolstan, are placed recumbent on each side. This tomb being supposed to be a cenotaph, the dean and chapter had determined on it's removal, but on opening the tomb, on Monday, July 17, 1797, the royal remains were found, placed in the coffin, exactly as the figure upon the top of the tomb rep- resented. The coffin is of the stone from Higley, and wholly unlike that of which the tomb is con- structed. It is laid upon the pavement of the choir, without being let into it ; it's original cover- ing is the stone, upon which the effigy is cut, The confusion occasioned by the crowds, who came to see the remains of the king, rendered it necessary to shut up the object of their curiosity. On the evening of the second day, the tomb was restored EXCURSION TO WORCESTER. 201 to it's former situation. On the right of the altar, is Prince Arthur's Chapel, with the tomb of the Prince, who was elder brother to Henry the eighth. This is the most curious part of the Cathedral. The decorations consist of five orders of images, with the arms of England and other symbols of royalty. The top is terminated in an arched roof, curiously fretted. In the centre is a pendant. Upon the boss, is the arms of the Prince of Wales, carved in stone. Beneath this is his tomb, of fine marble, having round it's uppermost verge, the following inscription : HERE LYETH BURIED PRINCE ARTHUR, THE FIRST BEGOTTEN SONNE OF THE RIGHTE RENOWNED KING HENRY THE SEAV- ENTHE, WHICH NOBLE PRINCE DEPARTED OUT OF THIS TRAN- SITORY LIFE ATT THE CASTLE OF LUDLOWE IN THE SEAVEN- TEENTH YERE OF HIS FATHER'S RAYGNE AND IN THE YERE OF OUR LORDE GOD ON THOUSOND FIVE HUNDRED AND TWO- In our Lady's chapel are the tombs of St. Os- wald and Wulstan. In the northern transept in the great aisle is a most magnificent monument to the memory of that eminent prelate, Dr. John Hough, by Roubilliac. This is a masterly speci- men of sculpture. The taste and skill displayed, both in the design and execution, reflect no small degree of ciedit on the artist. In the southern tran- sept, a little to the left of Bishop Johnson's bust, is a magnificent monument, to the memory of that venerable and pious divine, Bishop Maddox. Up- on the front of the monument is represented, in basso relievo, the parable of the Samaritan ; above, is a figure of conjugal fidelity, leaning in a melan- choly posture, with one hand resting upon an inverted hy menial torch. This figure is as large 14 202 EXCURSION TO WORCESTER. as life. Near the end of the south aisle, is an ele- gant white marble monument, to the memory of Richard Solly, esq. of York- place, Portman- square, who died at Malvern, Sep. 13, 1803, in his thirty-third year. It represents his widow bend- ing in grief, her arm and head resting upon a sarcophagus, upon which is inscribed in small gold letters : ABSENT FROM THE BODY, BUT PRESENT WITH THE LORD. She holds an infant daughter in her lap, one old- er is standing by her, with a son kneeling, their hands joined. The whole forms a striking illustra- tion of domestic calamity. There are besides these, about sixty other fine monuments, but we have no- ticed these as peculiarly interesting and beautiful. In the library adjoining are some ancient manu- scripts. Two sextons alternately attend daily, to shew the Cathedral. The Bishop's Palace stands near the Cathedral, in a most commanding situation, uport the bank of the Severn, which flows at the bottom of the garden. Modern improvements have made considerable alterations in it's appearance - T originally, it was surrounded with embattled walls. Bishop Giffard obtained a royal licence from King Henry, in 1270, to fortify and inclose it, but itVpresent front is the work of Bishop Stillingfleet. The most modern renovation was in 1788, when it was prepared for his late Majesty, who, with the Queen and several branches of the family, made it their residence during their visit to Worcester. The public buildings are numerous and worthy the dignity of the city. The Guildhall in the High- street, is esteemed the most elegant and magnificent EXCURSION TO WORCESTER. 203 in the Kingdom. In the council chamber, is a por- trait of his late Majesty, presented by him to the corporation. There are also in the hall helow, some other good paintings, among which, are those of the lord Keeper, Coventry and Thomas Win- nington, esq., the latter is esteemed a master-piece by connoisseurs. The Procelain works carried on at Worcester, are considered the first in the kingdom. Messrs. Bar r, with the greatest liberality, furnish tickets of admission, for viewing the pro- cess, on application at their house, No. 45, High- street; and cards of admission to Mr. Chamber- lain's procelain works, may be had, No. 59, High- street. To view Mr. Grainger's works, apply at the house nearly opposite the Hop-market. There are here, two very old and well established Banks. The old bank is situate in the High-street, under the firm of Messrs. Berwick, Lechemere, Wall and Isaac ; the other, that of Messrs. Farley, Johnson, Turner and Owen . Attendance is given at each of these Banks, for transaction of business, from ten to three. See further, "A Concise History of the City and Suburbs of Worcester ;" printed and sold by T, Eaton, price 3s. Sd. 204 NOBLEMEN AND GENTLEMEN^ SEATS 5 IN THE VICINITY OF MALVERN. Stimulated by gratitude, for favours indeliably impressed on the mind, the author may be pardon- ed for paying a first attention to STOKE EDITH PARK,* 9 the hospitable, elegant and beautiful seat of Edward Foley, esq. eldest son of the late Hon. Edward Fo- ley, who represented the county of Worcester, in many successive parliaments, and grandson of Thomas, the second Lord Foley, is situated sixteen miles from Malvern, on the road to Hereford. This seat derived it's name from the dedication of the church to St. Editha, daughter to King Egbert. The family of the Wallwains, during the reigns of Edward the second and third, were lords of this manor, and patrons of the church. We cannot find any record of it's continuance in this family ; but in Henry the eighth's time, Sir John Lingen pos- sessed it by marriage. The heirs and executors of Sir Henry Lingen, sold it during the sixteenth cen- tury, to Thomas Foley, esq., by whom it was be- queathed to his second son, Paul, who represented the city of Hereford, in the reigns of Charles- the NOBLEMEN AND GENTLEMEN'S SEATS. 205 second, 1678; James the second, 1688; William and Mary, 1690. It continued the chief residence of the Foley family, while they remained younger branches ; but when they succeeded to the mansion and estate at Witley, in Worcestershire, they made that their residence, and their estate was left to the second son, the honourable Edward Foley, above mentioned. The present house is a very handsome brick and stone building, erected near the site of the former mansion, by Paul Foley, esq., ancestor to the present possessor. The architecture is of the reigns of William and Mary and Anne. It was completed in the reign of the latter. This edi- fice is of most excellent workmanship, and the in- terior has much to recommend it, as an object of minute investigation to the visiter of taste. The grand entrance-hall and staircase are painted with allegorical subjects, by Sir James Thornhill. The ceiling is particularly fine, and in very excellent preservation. The situation is delightful ; no de scription can give an adequate idea of the park, and great diversity of charming and highly pictu- resque views, seen from different points in the many extensive drives, rides and walks it contains ; passing from hill to vale, through winding paths, occasionally overhung with groves of the noblest timber trees. The view through these lofty oaks, upon the summit of the park, presents a variety of gratifying objects, with many pleasing varieties of the meauderings of the Wye, with it's adjoining beauties, which cannot fail of affording an ample treat to an admirer of natural landscape. 206 HANLEY CASTLE. Amid Silurian plains, fair Stoke ! the muse Stays her excursive wing, thee to survey, Seated in pleasantness. Around thee, lo ! Rich vales, enclosures, rivers, woods, and hills, In prodigal variety are seen. Thy pride, exuberant Hereford ! (of shires The loveliest,) 'tis to boast Ebitha's lawns Most lovely ; on whose pure aerial heights, Rapt vision roams unwearied, sweetly woo'd By nature's countless charms. Nor resting finds, Nor resting needs, the gladly- roving eye. AugUSt 12, 1823. |r. BOOKER, L. L. D. In fine, the facade of this elegant seat, it's exten- sive shrubberies, the spire of the parish church, the handsome parsonage, the neat village, and the park richly clothed with fine timber trees, in the back ground, rising to a considerable height above the mansion, demands the pen of a Milton, and the pen- cil of a Claud, or a Turner, to do it justice. HANLEY CASTLE. 1 * I may not well forget, while tracing round These spacious scenes, where Hanley Castle stood* Now not one stone remains to claim the sigh Of passing man ; save when the hollow winds, Bending the nightshade's head, or nettle, rank, Disclose some sculptur*d fragments green and damp, And half immured in earth. But the' this pile Hath fallen long, yet fancy still delights To wake the busy scenes of ancient days, — All is gone ! Past like a dream ! and Beauchamp too is gonet The great, the gallant Beauchamp, known no more. Cottle. Some say that Edward Bonner, Bishop of Lon- don, was born in Hanley Castle ; others say in the parish of Hanley, at a house called Bonner's Place, belonging to the family of the Lechemeres, whose ancestor was intimately acquainted with the BRANSIL CASTLE. 207 Bishop^ and received many favours, in return for kindnesses shewn to him in his childhood. The way to Hanley lies across the Chase, by the Up ton road, distant about seven miles from Great Malvern. BRANSIL CASTLE. Upon the western declivity of Malvern Hill, about a mile and a half from Eastnor Castle, are the ruins of Bransii Castle, the property of Earl Som- ers, purchased by Sir Charles Cocks, father to earl Somers. A great part of one of the towers, is the only vestage remaining of this venerable structure. It was defended by a double ditch, faced with stone. Mr. Cottle has beautifully animadverted on this subject, as follows. A musing melancholy fills the mind, As we behold where Bransii turrets stood, How are the days gone by ! how changed the scene ! Since circled by a vast and rich domain, It's towers arose ! majestic moated round, And made to bear the assault of ages 1 now The neighbouring shepherd scarce can point the place, Where once it stood i significant of man ! To teach his race the great, the solemn truth, What shades they are, what shadows they pursue. MADDERSF1ELD, 6 the seat of the right hon. Earl Beauehamp, is only three miles from Malvern, situated to the right of the road leading to Worcester. The way to it, is by Newland Green, passing Newland Chapel on the right. A level road conducts you to a hand- some park-gate, whence a winding road leads to 208 MADDERSFIELD. the small chapel of Maddersfield, so completely embosomed with trees, that nothing but the turret and spire are seen at a distance. Tho' very small, it has double aisles, and the interior is extremely neat, retaining an antique character. Maddersfield was anciently a manor, belonging to the abbot of West- minster, and once the residence of the ancient fam- lies of the Bracys. Joan Bracy, heiress of this family, married Thomas Lygon, of Norman ori- gin. By this marriage the name of Bracy was lost and that of Lygon succeeded. The moat still sleeps along the walls, the foundation of which are laid in the water ; an antique bridge still leads to the gateway, and it's appendants a gothic arch, grated doors and spandrilled roof. These serve to remind us of iron-clad knights, milk-white palfreys, the rousing horn, the minstrel's lay. The house has been much modernized, but still retains somewhat of the ancient baronical castle. A vestibule in- troduces the hall, which is a lofty apartment, well preserved. Some modern painted glass throws a good light upon some pictures, by Fuseli. A dimly lighted gallery leads to the breakfast-room, which is elegant. The saloon contains a profusion of elegant painted glass. The two drawing rooms are very superbly fitted up with marble slabs, cab- inets of gilt brass and tortoiseshell, from the Garde- meuble of Louis 16. The walls of the dining-room are crimson, with white pannels and ornaments, and classical medalions chiaroscuro. Over the chimney-piece is a very handsome flower-piece. The candelabra are elegant. This apartment leads to the orangery, whence the grounds appear with MADDERSFIELD. 209 great effect. A staircase leads to the winter draw- ing-room, which is hung with great taste, and a pro- fusion of rich minatures adorn it's walls. The long gallery is that of the unimproved mansion, and it is preserved in it's original state. It contains a profusion of pictures, books, busts, china, &c. The King's room is a plain simple bed-chamber, where tradition says, King Charles the second slept, the night before the battle of Worcester. The state bed-room contains an elegant bed, the quilt and furniture of which we re worked by Queen Anne and the Dutchess of Marlborough. The appartments have been greatly divested of their gloomy gran- deur, and present a cheerful appearance. The win- dows command a delightful prospect of Malvern Hills, with the village of Great Malvern at their base. The woodland scenery is extremely beauti- ful, and the park is agreeably diversified by some pieces of water. It should be remarked that Mad- dersfield is not permitted to be shewn, on account of the family being generally at home, and it's vicin- ity to a watering-place, would cause great inter- ruption, It has been seen only by particular in- dulgence. There is another road to Maddersfield, by going down the end of Bernard's Green, 6 to the left. Both of the drives are very pleasing. You see the hills and village of Malvern to great advan- tage, as you pass the green. We would advise the visiter to drive by Newland's Green, and return back to the village by Bernard's Green. The dis- tance from Malvern to Maddersfield by each road is nearly equal. 210 BLACKMORE PARK. RHYPP. r//^M ***•*++ r+ BLACKMORE PARK. 7 is situated about two miles from Great Malvern. The road to it turns off to the right, from the top of Bernard's Green, It is the seat of Thomas Hornyhold, esq., whose family is matrimonially al- lied to the Lygons, the Russels, and to most of the ancient families of consequence in the neighbour- hood. During the wars, in the time of Charles the first, this family suffered severely, from their adher- ence to the royal cause, their estates being seques- tered, and large quantities of timber cut down and sold, to reimburse the losses of an alderman of Worcester, who was an adherent of the republican party. The manor of Hanley and Blackmore Park, continues, however, in the possession of Mr, Tho- mas Hornyhold. The present house is an elegant residence, surrounded by a rich demesne, well wooded with fine elms ; and tho' comparatively low, as respects the adjoining scenery, it commands extensive prospects. As a picturesque object, it would have appeared to greater advantage, if the fine timber in the park had not been planted so form- ally, the beauty of the landscape being euriched by some large pieces of water, in it's immediate vicinity. RHYDD. About four miles from the village and near to the Severn, you find the hospitable mansion of Sir CROOME, ETC. 211 *■* ******* ******* Anthony Lechemere, Bart., standing upon rising ground. It is a prominent object on both sides the river, and a noble wood, to the south of the house, stretches along the cliff which overhangs the river, commanding numberless rich and extensive views. The towers and spires of Worcester, appear in the distance to the north, forming a pleasing termina- tion to the prospect. Near to it is DRAKE'S PLACE, the seat of John Allen, esq. The road lies down Bernard's Green. SEVERN END is a little to the left of the former ; the comfortable residence of Mr. Larkin, whose house you arrive at, through what is called the Rhydd Green. DRIPSH1LL, 9 is the rural and picturesque abode of Mr. Eyere. Over these, at the distance of thirteen miles, rise the woods, plantations, white rotundo and gothic church of CROOME, 10 the seat of the Earl of Coventry. This elegant modern mansion, where the powers of art and the skill of Brown, have reigned uncontrouledly, certainly requires an excursion. From an insipid 212 HOPE END. level have been raised, wood and ornamental buildings Water has been commanded to flow, dales to sink, and hills to rise. Brown indeed has been complimented, but these improvements were produced by the genius of it's proprietor. The road through Severn Stoke is the best approach. An elegant modern Temple, supported by plain doric pillars, is presently descried, as a leading ob- ject. Then occur the park ; to the right, the pa- rish church, the park-gate, handsome lodges, and an elegant bridge. The house is plain, rather than magnificent, but the interior is highly interesting. The saloon contains some fine portraits ; the draw- ing-room, a landscape by Claude Lorraine, an exquisite Madona, two Cleopatras, two Venus- es, &c, and is remarkable for it's exquisitely fine gobeline tapestry. The library contains some antique models. The hall is supported by elegant columns, and the floor is of superb marble. The long room contains an extensive gallery, and commands a fine view of the lake and grounds, with walks, well traced through lawns, shrubberies, plan- tations, statues, grottos, &c. During the tour of the grounds we catch delightful prospects. The Bredon Hills, surmounted by it's monument, and the Broadway Hills, bearing a lofty gothic tower. To the right, the horizon is formed, by the Cotes- wold Hills, rising over Upton, Tewkesbury, and Cheltenham. HOPE END, the seat of E. M. Barret, esq., is situated about six BRAND LODGE. 213 miles from the village of Malvern, upon the right of the Ledbury road, in a retired valley, in the par- ish of Colwall. The architecture of the mansion, is in the eastern style, and many of the apartments are highly finished. The house is nearly surround- ed with eminences, but to the south, the scenery is extensive and beautiful. In the front of the house are some fine pieces of water, and upon the banks, a variety of fine shrubs and evergreens. From the windows on one side of the house, is a very large projection of rock, which the taste of the owner has highly ornamented with a fine collection of plants. There is a subterraneous passage from the house, leading to the garden. In the deer-park, which is not very extensive, is an ash, said to be one of the largest in Great Britain. BRAND LODGE, at the distance of two miles from Malvern Wells, is a neat house, the property of Mr. Bright. It's situation is upon the western declivity of the Mal- vern Hills, upon a plain, elevated above five hun- dred feet above the level. From this spot, is a fine view of Camp Hill, which is about half a mile dis- tant. The prospect from the Lodge is very ex- tensive. The situation is not so bleak as might be expected from it's elevated situation, being shel- tered from the eastern winds, by the Malvern Hills, and from the north, by woods. The front of the house is shaded with a range of evergreens. Entrancing Malvern ! ah farewell ! for now Must I return to breathe polluted air; To mix with men envelop'd in the cares Of this our world ; and be envelop' d too 5 To hear their converse, how to meet with wealth, And prosperous fortune, and the little aims Of thrifty patience. With far other thoughts I join their throng, for I will love to think On you, dear mount ! and ponder On the joys This morn bestow 'd, and say, pressing my hearty Than to review with memory's musing eye, Your lofty sammit, mark it's subject vales, It's many scattered spires, and hamlets small, And hear the magic orisons of birds, Breaking the silence with their melody, Not sweeter to the nightly traveller's ear Sounds the soft lute. COTTLE. 115 PLANTS, Growing at Malvern and in the Neighbourhood. Aquilegia vulgaris, wild columbine, in a thicket near the north western part of the hill towards Cowley park. Arenaria tenuifolia, fine-leaved sandwort, Malvern hills. Campanula patula, field bell-flower, Malvern. Chlora perfoliata, perforated yellow-wort, side of Mal- vern chace. Colchicum autumnale, meadow safron, Great Malvern. Cotyledon umbilicus, common naveiwort, upon rocks above Great Malvern. Digitalis purpurea, purple foxglove, plentiful all over the hills. A variety with white flowers, occurs. Drosera rotundifolia, round-leaved sundew, in one or two marshy spots, upon the eastern side of the hill. Fumaria claviculata, white climbing fumitory, among the furze and thickets upon the eastern side of the hills. Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop, at the foot of the Malvern- hills, on the right of the road running below the camp. Helleborus viridis, green hellebore, Malvern chace. Hypericum androsaemum, tutsan, lanes at the foot of the Malvern hills. Lichen geographicus, map lichen, granite rocks upon the top of the hills. Lichen islandicus, upon rocks upon the top of the hill near the Witch. Lichen pareilus, crab's-eye lichen, granite rocks upon the hills. Lichen physodes, upon the hills. 216 PLANTS, Lichen plicatus, matted tree-moss, in a dell, upon the branches of large oaks, Little Malvern. Lichen pustulatus, blistered lichen, rocks upon the tops of the hills. Lichen rangiferinus, rein-deer moss, among moss and turf, all over the hills. Lichen scrobiculatus, warty lichen, upon rocks above Great Malvern. Lichen tenobiculatus, rocks above Great Malvern. Mariantia polymorpha, in a pool of water upon the western side of the hill, near Col wall. Myosurus minimus, little mousetail, Malvern ehace* Orchis bifolia, butterfly orchis, Essington's wood. Orchis conopsea, red handed orchis, upon the western side of the hills. Orchis ustulata, dwarf orchis, in meadows about the foot of the hills. Pinguecula vulgaris, common butterwort, in a marshy spot at the back of the hills, between the Witch and Malvern. Polygonum minus, small creeping persicaria, gravel pit on Malvern chace. Potentilla verna, spring ciaquefoil, limestone rocks, upon the western side of the hill. Ranunculus lingua, great spearwort, bogs, Malvern chace.. Ranunculus parviflorus, small flowered crowfoot, Malvern hills Satyrium viride, frog orchis, in meadows about the foot the bills, both sides. Scirpus acicularis, slender clubrush, on Malvern chace. Sedum album, white flowered stonecrop, upon rocks by the side of the Malvern hills, above great Malvern. Serapius longifolia, swampy meadows, on the borders of Malvern chace. 217 THE FOLLOWING TERMS OF SOUTHALL'S BOARDING-HOUSE, IN PRIVATE APARTMENTS, LIBRARY, MAIVERir 9 may serve to give the stranger some idea of the expenses, and accommodations. TERMS. £. s . d. Board, per Week, 2 2 Bed Room, from 7s. to 110 Lights, per Week, 3 6 Servant's Board, including Tea for Breakfast, 12 Afternoon Tea, for upper Servants, 3 6 Man Servant's Bed, 3 6 Separate Rooms, for diito, 7 Sitting -Room, from 14s. to 15 15 218 COACHES, &c. The Mail every day from Hereford, arrives at Malvern, passes through about half-past one, p. m. and proceeds to Worcester. The Mail from Worcester to Hereford comes in at the Foley-arms, Malvern, where they take passengers, about half-past eleven, a. m. Various other Coaches pass continually from Worcester through Malvern to Cheltenham, and back ; from Here- ford to Worcester; from Worcester to Carmarthen, through Ledbury, Hereford, Hay, Brecon, Llandovery, Llandilo, meeting Coaches from Milford Haven; but they are liable to change their hours, so that the most correct ac- count which could be given at present, might become in- correct in a few days. Carts go regularly from Malvern to Worcester, every Monday, Wednesday and Saturday, and return the same evening, with goods from Worcester, and such as are brought by the coaches, waggons and canals. The cart- ers are very civil and attentive, and will execute any com- mission however trifling. At the Inns in Malvern, elegant Carriages of various descriptions, and some of the best post-horses in the king- dom may be had. The visiter may be supplied with Poneys, Donkeys and Donkey-Carriages, by the hour or day. The Donkeys are useful appendages in ascending the hills, being very sure footed. Indeed they are so perfectly safe, that in twelve years, we do not recollect one accident, occasioned by a Donkey. 219 NAMES OF PERSONS WHICH OCCUR IN THIS WORK. Abbot, mrs. Sarah Frances, pa. 81 Aldwin, or Aldewine, founder of Ihe Monastery, 50, 52, 59,64,73 Allen, John, esq. 211 Angelo, Michael, 64 Arthur, prince, 57,201 Athelisa, vice-comitissa, 49 Baillie, dr. 27 Banister, mr. 51 Barnabj', John, esq. 152 Barrett, E. M. esq. 13, 14,25,26, 47,212 Barry, mrs. 176, 177 Bathurst, hon. mrs. 74 Baylis, John, 81 Beard, mr. 94 Beauchamp, earl , 62, 104, 127,207 Bellers, mr. 55 Benbow, mr. Richard, 82 Bergman, dr. 40 Biddulph, J. esq. 193 Bohun, dr. Henry, 136 Bonner, bishop, 206 Booker, dr. 64,65,167 Brathewayte, Richard, 54 Bray, sir Reginald, 57, 68, 69, Bright, mr. 121,213 Bromley, Roger, 54 Buchanan, general, 32, 82 157, 158, 167 Buckingham, duke of, 126 Burdet, William, 54 Camden, 13 Caractacus, 182, 184 Card, John, esq., 76 Card, rev. dr. 30, 58, 59, 65 85, 104, 107, 109 Carter, John, 62, 69, 72 Chambers, Mr. H. 62 Charles, king, first, 115, 128, 199, Charles, king, second, 115, 126, 127 120. 84. Charlotte, princess, 62, 65 Chaucer, 10 Claudius, emperor, 184 Clements, Henry, 72 Clough, mr. 13 Cocks, honourable E. C. 189 Colt, miss Grace, 75 Combier, dr. Tl Cope, lady Annabella, 77 Cope, Sir Jonathan, 78 Corbet, Walter, 72 Cottle, 173 Coventry, earl of, 211 Crispinus, Gislebertus, 52 Cromwell, 126, 127 Darner, hon. Mr. 16, 156 Deykes, mr. John, 89, 92 Deykes, mr. Samuel, 85, 87, 95, 105, 120 Dowdeswell,esq. 193 Dyer, 11 Editha, St. 204 Edward, confessor, 49, 50, 53 Edward, first, 130 Eg win, third, 129 Elizabeth, queen, 50, 54, 68, 175 Englefield, sir Henry, 14 Etbelred, 144 Eyere, mr. 211 Fitzpontz, Richard, 53 Fitzpontz, Osborne, 53 Foley, Edward , esq. 109, 155, 205 Foley, Paul, 205 Folliot, Hugh, 191 Forbes, sir Alexander, 57, 62, 87, 91,101,103,104,126,164 Frankland, William, esq. 73 Garlike, Bennet, esq. m. d. 172 Giffard, bishop, 53, 202 Gilbert de Clare, 53 Gordon, William, esq. 193 Grandison, lord, 13 .220 NAMES OF PERSONS. ^*+****v^r*4- t Gregory, pope, 64 Grenville, lord, 120, 165 Habyngdon, 50 Harcourt, countess of, 120, 121, 122, 123, 158 Heard, sir Isaac, 171 Henry, king, first, 49, 52 Henry, king, eighth, 54, 68 Henry, prince, 57, 68, 69 Hill, mr. 14 Hallings, rev. Wm. 71, 75 Holland, mi=s Harriet, 81 Hopton, rev. Wm. 194 Horner, Leonard, esq. 18, 19, 21, 26 Hornyhold, Thomas, 121 , 172, 210 Hough, dr. John, 201 James, second, king, 205 John, king, 200 Johnson, 201 Johnstone, dr. 33 Knotsford, John, 54, 57, 79, SO Lambe, dr. 46 Lambert, sir Henry, 164 Langlande, 9 Larkin, mr. 211 Latimer, bishop, 54 Lechemere, sir A. 80, 128, 211 Leicester, earl of, 130 Leopold, prince, 65 Lygon, Thomas, 208 Lyttelton, lady, 58, 99, 101, 103, 105 Maddox, bishop, 201 Malvern, John, 10, 64 Mary, Virgin, 51, 56 Mason, mr. 33 Merrick, rev. 1 1 Millman, sir Francis, 45 Milton, 10 Montgomerie, Alex. esq. 71, 77 Nash, dr. 49, 50, 60, 61 Neal, mr. 50 Offa, 129, 150 Peyton, Nicholas, esq. 189 Phillip, dr. Wilson, 38,39, 45,48 Phillips, William, esq. 19, 21 Pinnock, William, 54 Plumer, mrs. 79 Poole, Edward, esq. Pyndar, rev. R. 189 Ricardo, Osman, esq. 193 Rudd, rev. E. M. 159, 164, 168 Sabrina, 10, 196 Sandys, bishop, 172 Saunders, dr. 40 Savage, sir John, 68 Scapula, Ostorius, 184 Scudamore, dr. 44, 47 Shenstone, William, 99 Smirke, mr. 145 Solaway, mr. 59 Solly, Richard, esq. 202 Somers, earl, 175, 207 Somers, lord John, 188 Southall,mr. 87,89,90 Spencer, lady, 156 Spencer, poet, 10 Stanhope, mr. 61 Stephen, king, 198 Strutt, mr. 69 Surman, John, esq. 80, 81 Talbot, lady Mary, 163 Tanner, mr. 50 Thomas, mr. 49 Thornhill, sir James, 205 Tailer, Thomas, 13 Tilsby, John, 145 Urso D'Abitot,49 Wakeman, mrs. 175, 176 Walcher, 73 Wall, dr. John, 33, 38, 45, 47 Wall, dr. Martin, 38, 41, 45 Wahvyn, Edward, 193 Walwyn, Humphrey, esq. 161 Ware, Richard, 53 Webb, Richard, esq. 193 West, misses, 36, 171 Wigram, sir Robert, 172 William, first, 71, 111 William of Malmsbury, 50 Williams, Maria Giffard, 74 William Rufus, 198 Williams, William, 160 Winnington, sir Edward, 61 Woodyatt, Thomas, esq. 157, 164 Woodyatt, rev E. 175 Wulstan, St. 52, 53, 201 Yarnold, mrs. 78 221 NAMES OF PLACES. Alcove, 170 Altitudes of the Hills, 15 Barr and Co's China Manufacto- ry, 196 Barry's Cottage, mrs. 171 Barton Court, 189 Baths, 91 Belmont Lodge, 172 Billiard Room, 92 Bishop's Palace, 202 Blackmore Park, 210 Boarding-houses, 92 Boarding-house Abbey, 95 Boarding-house Library, 90 Booker's Mount, 167 Brand Lodge, 213 Bransil Castle, 27 Broadlow, 190 Bromsberrow Place, 193 Buchanan's Walk, 157 Canonfroun Court, 194 Charitable Institution, 99 Chace of Malvern, 111 Church of Great Malvern 28, 30, 56 Church of Great Malvern, Bene- factions to, 83 Church of Great Malvern, Inscrip- tions in, 73 Coaches, &c. 218 Croome, 211. Darner's Walk, 156 Down House, 193 Drake's Place, 211 Dripshill, 211 Drive to Eastnor Castle, 187 Drive to the Herefordshire Bea- con, 182 Drive to Ledbury, 189 Eastnor Castle, Drive to, 187 Essington's Hotel, 170, 172 Excursion to Worcester, 195 Female Servants Benefit Institu- tion, 107 Firs House, 172 Foley Terrace, drive to, 155 Gloucester House, 172 Grenville's Walk, 165 Hanley Castle, 206 Harcourt's, Lady, Alcove, 121 Harcourt's Tower, walk to, 158 Hellen?, 193 Herefordshire Beacon, Drive to, 182 Hills, Altitudes of, 15 Hills, Prospects from, 16 Homend, 194 HomHouse, 194 Hope End, 212 Hotel, Belle-vue, 94 Hotel, Crown, 94 Hotel, Foley-arms, 95 Inns, 29 Kinnastone Chapel, 194 Lady Mary Talbot's Walk, 163 Lambert's Walk, 164 Ledbury, 190 Ledbury, Drive to, 189 Library and Reading Room, 29 87 Little Malvejn, 172 . Little Malvern Church, 174 Little Malvern, Drive to, 171 Little Malvern Sunday School, 176 NAMES OF PLACES. ■r* r*.r-rr*f j Maddersfield, 207 Mainstone, 194 Malvern, Building of Sod, 13 Malvern Camp, 12 Malvern Cave, 12 Malvern Chase, 111 Malvern, Cottle's Farewell to, 214 Malvern, Great, 9, 27 Malvern Hills, 11 Malvern, imaginary description of, 168 Malvern, it's Climate, 27 Malvern, it's Population, 28 Malvern, situation of, 30 May Place, 172 Melton-house, 172 Merrick's Walk, 158 Mineralogy, IS Newlands, 195 North Cottage, 177 Panoramic sketch, 154 Parks, the seat of Mrs. West, 171 Perseverance hill, 170 Physician of Malvern, 30 Plants, 215 Poems to the ladies who elimb the hills, 171 Poet's cot, 167 Post-office, 97 Porcelain-works, 203 Prince Arthur's Chapel, 201 Priory, 49 Priory-gateway, 29 Prospects from the hills, 16 Regent-lodge, 172 Rhydd, 210 Ride, round the North Terrace, 161 Rock house 170 Ruby cottage, 172 St. John's, 196 School of ancient industry, 103 Severn-end, 211 South lodge, 172 Southall's Boarding house, terms of, 217 Spencer's Walk, 156 Stoke Edith Park, 204 Sunday-school of Great Malvern, 99 Table hill, 167 Underdown house, 193 Upper hall, 189 Walk to the Worcestershire Bea- con, 124 Walks, references to the sketch of, 179 Walks, references to the sketch of, arranged alphabetically, 181 Wallhills, 192 Waters, encomium on by Sir F. Millman, 45 Waters, remarks on by Dr. John- stone, 38 Waters, remarks on by Dr. Phil- lip, 38 Waters, remarks on by Dr. Scud- damore, 38 Waters, remarks on by Dr. San- derson, 44 Waters, remarks on by Dr. Wall, 33, 41 Waters, season for drinking, 43 Waters, directions for drinking the, 42, 47 Wells, Boarding and Lodging- houses, 170 Wells, 32 Wells, analysis of, 39 Wells, Chalybeate, 32 Wells, Holywell, 35 Wells, ride over the Hills to the, 169 Wells, St. Ann's, 36 Worcester, 297 Worcester Bridge, 196 Worcester, Excursion to, 195 Worcestershire Beacon, objects thence, 125 Worcestershire Beacon, walk to 124 Worcester Cathedral, 169 V OF C BINDERY 1903